★★★ ＜第27回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第13回英文和訳】＞ ★★★
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問１．次の英文は、自動車のエンジン制御に関する発明の請求項です。図面も参照して日本語に訳してください。
1. A vehicle comprising:a battery; anda controller configured toin response to detecting a load of the vehicle drawing power from thebattery, decrease to a first predefined value a state of charge (SOC) thresholdat which engine start is initiated,in response to detecting that the load is no longer drawing power from thebattery, increase the SOC threshold, andin response to a SOC falling below the threshold, initiate engine start.
6. A method comprising:by a controller,
decreasing a state of charge (SOC) threshold at which engine start isinitiated in response to detecting a load of a vehicle drawing power from avehicle battery and user input authorizing the decreasing unless a request
for economy mode exists,
increasing the SOC threshold in response to detecting subsequent absenceof the load, andinitiating engine start in response to a SOC falling below the SOCthreshold.

問 2．次の英文は、いわゆる視力矯正のための「ＬＡＳＩＫ」に関する特許の従来技術の欄の記載です。太字の部分（Ａ）～（Ａ’）、（Ｂ）～（Ｂ’）を日本語に訳してください。
In preparation for a so-called "flap and zap" (Lasik) ophthalmic
laser surgery procedure, it is common practice to first create a stromal flap.
Typically, this is done by mechanically cutting into the stroma to create theflap. To date, it has been the practice to accept the resultant incision as being
substantially flat. Actually, however, the interface surface that results when
the flap is created is not flat. (A) Instead, due to irregularities in thesharpness of the cutting blade, due to imperfect applanation for stabilizing
the cornea during cutting of the flap, and due to the resistance between thestromal tissue and the cutting blade as the flap is created, the resulting
incision typically includes several surface irregularities. (A')

These

irregularities, unfortunately, are significant. Indeed, it happens that theseirregularities are generally in the form of asymmetric undulations that mayvary in amplitude by as much as ten microns, and extend over a distance ofas much as a millimeter. As is well known, undulations (surfaceirregularities) of this magnitude will induce noticeable aberrations in any
wavefront that passes through the surface.

It is known that an excimer

laser has a relatively large spot size (e.g. approximately one millimeter indiameter). It is also known that an excimer laser will superficiallyphotoablate an exposed layer of stromal tissue to a substantially uniform
depth within the spot size. Consequently, any undulations of one millimeterthat are initially present on an exposed surface of stromal tissue will persist
and will still be present after the procedure has been completed. This,
however, is good. Although the surface undulations will introduce
aberrations during the procedure, these same aberrations will be cancelledwhen the flap is lowered onto the exposed surface.
(B)

Heretofore, whenever closed-loop control of an excimer laser hasbeen employed during ophthalmic surgery, the contribution of the surface
irregularities (undulations) to the total aberrations of the eye has beengenerally disregarded. Consequently, it has been the practice in earlier
closed-loop control systems to generate a controlling error signal bycomparing the extent of actual tissue photoablation to the predeterminedamount of desired photoablation. Using wavefront analysis, this has been
done by identifying the actual distorted wavefront that is created by thestromal tissue (including the undulation contribution), and then comparing
the distorted wavefront with a desired wavefront to generate the error signal.
The desired wavefront, however, is normally determined off-site and is theresult of a diagnostic examination. Thus, it is predetermined, and does notaccount for aberrations that are subsequently introduced by surfaceundulations (irregularities) when the flap is subsequently created at thetime the procedure is to be performed. The result here is that theundulations on the exposed surface are removed along with the desired
tissue removal. (B')

問 3．次の英文は、飛行機の機体への印刷を行うための発明に関する実施例の説明です。図面も参照しつつ、太字の部分(X)～(X')、 (Y)～(Y')、(Z)～(Z')を日本語に訳してください。
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a printhead 300 printing image slices
404 on a surface 102. The printhead width 302 may be oriented parallel to atransverse direction 354 (FIG. 13) to the rastering path 350. The printhead
300 may include a plurality of nozzles 308 or orifices distributed between
opposing widthwise ends 306 of the printhead 300. For example, an inkjet
printhead may include thousands of orifices. The printhead 300 may eject
droplets 330 (FIG. 10) of ink, paint, or other fluids from the orifices to form acoating having a coating thickness 336 on the surface 102.
(X) Each image slice 404 (FIG. 8) may have opposing side edges 416 defining
a bandwidth 410 of the image slice 404. The printhead 300 may beconfigured to print an image slice 404 with an image gradient band 418
along at least one of the side edges 416. In the example shown, an image
slice 404 may contain an inner portion 414 bounded on opposite sides by animage gradient band 418. An image gradient band 418 may be described as aband within which the intensity of the color of the image slice 404 changes(e.g., decreases) along a transverse direction 354 relative to the direction of
the rastering path 350 from an inner boundary 420 of the image gradientband 418 to the side edge 416.

(X')

For example, the inner portion 414 of

the image slice 404 may be black in color. Within the image gradient band,the color may gradually change from black at the inner boundary 420 (e.g., arelatively high intensity) to white (e.g., a relatively low intensity) at the sideedge 416 of the image slice 404. An image gradient band 418 of an image
slice 404 may be wider than the inner portion 414 of the image slice 404. Forexample, an image gradient band 418 may be no more than 30% thebandwidth 410 of the image slice 404.
The printhead 300 may be moved along the rastering paths 350
such that the image gradient bands 418 of the image slices 404 overlap.
(Y) Advantageously, the overlapping rastering paths 350 allow for gaps andoverlaps representing deviations from the nominal spacing between adjacentimage slices 404 resulting in a reduced likelihood that such deviations fromthe nominal image slice spacing are visually perceptible. In this regard, theimage gradient bands 418 on the side edges 416 of the adjacent image slices
404, when superimposed, result in imperceptible image edges even withimperfect tracking by the robot 202 along the rastering paths 350. (Y') In thismanner, the image gradient bands 418 allow for printing of complex,
intricate, and multi-colored images in multiple, single-pass image slices 404
on large-scale surfaces 102 using large-scale rastering devices such as therobot 202 shown in FIGS. 1-5.
FIG. 9 is a magnified view of a printhead 300 showing one example
for forming an image gradient band 418. As indicated above, the decrease in
the intensity of the image gradient band 418 may be achieved by reducing or
tapering the coating thickness 336 along a transverse direction 354 (FIG. 13)
from the inner boundary 420 of the image gradient band 418 to the side edge
416 of the image slice 404. The droplet spacing 332 may be uniform within
the inner portion 414 of the image slice 404. In FIG. 9, the coating thickness
336 within the image gradient band 418 may be tapered by progressively
increasing the droplet spacing 332 between the droplets 330 ejected by thenozzles 308. In this regard, some of the nozzles 308 (e.g., orifices) of theprinthead 300 in the area wherein the image gradient band 418 is to beprinted may be electronically deactivated and may be referred to as inactive
nozzles 312, and only active nozzles 310 within the image gradient band 418
may eject droplets 330 to form the image gradient band 418. In otherexamples, the printhead 300 may be provided with progressively larger gaps
between nozzles 308 for the area wherein the image gradient band 418 is tobe printed.
FIG. 10 is a magnified view showing another example of a printhead300 forming an image gradient band 418 by maintaining the nozzles 308 asactive nozzles 310 producing a uniform droplet spacing, and progressively
decreasing the droplet size 334 in the area where the image gradient band
418 is to be formed. In still further examples, image gradient band 418 may
be formed by a combination of controlling the droplet spacing 332 andcontrolling the droplet size 334. However, other techniques may beimplemented for forming image gradient band 418 and are not limited to theexamples shown in the Figures and described above. The printhead 300 maybe configured to form the image gradient band 418 with an image gradientthat is linearly decreasing. Alternatively, the image gradient within theimage gradient band 418 may be non-linear.
FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic sectional view of adjacent image slices
404 with overlapping image gradient bands 418. Shown is the coating
thickness 336 (FIG. 10) in the image gradient band 418 and in the inner
portion 414 of each image slice 404. FIG. 12 is a plan view of the image slices
404 of FIG. 11 showing the overlapping image gradient bands 418 and theparallel rastering paths 350 of the image slices 404. In the system 200 asshown, the arm (FIG. 7) may move the printhead 300 to print a new image
slice 406 in parallel relation to an existing image slice 408 (e.g., apreviously-printed image slice 404) in a manner such that an image gradientband 418 of the new image slice 406 (FIG. 8) overlaps an image gradientband 418 of the existing image slice 408. In this regard, the side edge 416 ofeach image slice 404 may be aligned with an inner boundary 420 of anoverlapping or overlapped image gradient band 418. However, in an example
not shown, the printhead 300 may print image slices 404 in a manner toform a gap between the side edge 416 of an image gradient band 418 of a newimage slice 406 and an existing image slice 408. As indicated above, theprinthead 300 may print the image gradient band 418 of the new image slice
406 and the existing image slice 408 such that the overlap has an image
intensity equivalent to the image intensity of the inner portion 414 of thenew image slice 406 and/or the existing image slice 408.
In a still further example not shown, the printhead 300 (FIG. 10)
may form an image gradient end on at least one of opposing ends of an image
slice 404. An image gradient end may have an image intensity that may
decrease toward an end edge (not shown) of the image slice 404. (Z) Such animage gradient end may provide a means for blending (e.g., feathering) theimage slice 404 with the color and design of the existing color and design ofthe surface 102 area surrounding the newly-applied image 400. For example,
the system may apply a newly-applied image 400 to a portion of a surfacethat may have undergone reworking such as the removal and/or replacementof a portion of a composite skin panel (not shown) and/or underlying
structure. The image gradient ends of the newly-applied image slices 404
may provide a means for blending into the surrounding surface 102. The
image gradient end may also facilitate the blending on a new image slice 406
with the image gradient end of another image 400 located at an end of arastering path 350 of the new image slice 406. (Z')
Referring to FIG. 13, shown is an example of a printhead 300
mounted on an end 214 of a robot arm and being movable by the arm over a
surface 102 along a rastering path 350 while printing a new image slice 406
adjacent to an existing image slice 408. The printhead 300 may include areference line printing mechanism 320 configured to print a reference line
322 when printing the new image slice 406. The reference line 322 mayprovide a means for the printhead 300 to precisely track the rastering path
350 of an existing image slice 408. The printhead 300 may include areference line sensor 326 such as an image detection system for sensing thereference line 322 and providing path error feedback to the controller 208(FIG. 14) to allow the robot 202 to generate path correction inputs to theprinthead 300 such that the side edge 416 of the new image slice 406 is
maintained in alignment with the side edge 416 of the existing image slice
408.