අਬȶକ̥͙̹ͣͺΐͺȆͺές΃ȷඅਬ̜̹̽̀ͅǵȋອȍˁʠȽʳᡉ‫ک‬ᰍɻ⏋‫ܩ‬ჽͤ̾͡ɹ‫ک‬ᰍɫȡʳɭ‫ؾ‬ಁɴ⏋ɗʶəʶɹ‫ݖܩ‬ɴȲȿʳ‫ܔ‬೑ɹ‫ک‬ᰍɫʢȡʳ⏏ɛɭȭɽ⏋ຩҌ޴֪ˁਥᰄɴȲȷɦɦ‫ܩ‬ჽៀฐɹອ਌ᄩˁᓒȭʳɭȦȩែဣɴɛɩɽ⏋༇ອʦ౞᳂⏋ᅊ઴Ꮩɹቑ‫ޙ‬ɭȦɤɛອˁʠȽʳᡉ‫ک‬ᰍɻ⏋‫ܩ‬ჽͤ̾͡ɫɹᓒ࢘ˁਖឹɭɐʳ⏏Υ౅⏋ອɹູയʦᦅ෌ᅎອɹ፬ჿ⏋ȡʳȦɻԒອᯆྫ෌ɭȦɤɛ‫ک‬ᰍɻ⏋ɗʶəʶɹ‫ݖܩ‬ɴ‫ܔ‬೑ɲᅊ઴⏋ȡʳȦɻ኏Цʦ๴‫ر‬ɭɹᬠᦹɴȲȦɩՕഓɐʳɄɭˁឹᠱɇʶʳ‫ک‬ᰍɫȡʳ⏏Ё‫܌‬ɹ႕ᮃɹ̘ͻ͇ɭɌɩȋອȍˁȭʰ˃ɞᔘಕɴɻ⏋ອˁʠȽʳᡉ‫ک‬ᰍɻ⏋˫ͦͻ̫͡ɭͦͻˡ͡ȵϯेɐʳ‫ݭ‬ɭɌɩ଴வɫȷʳɭȦȩ‫ک‬ᰍઝᡫȵࡔ‫ܧ‬ɐʳ⏏
ǵ ʚ ɛ⏋ ʼ ɛ Ɍ ɛ ɠ ɻ ᐵ ‫ غ‬ᇕ ɲ ‫ ݖ ܩ‬቉ ድ ˁ ஠ ᦽ Ɍ ɛ Ȧ ɭ ᓒ ȭ ɩ Ȧ ʳ ȵ⏋ ϴ ᨊ ߂ ࡝ ɴ ȲȦ ɩ ɻ⏋ ᅊ ઴ ʦ ᄩ ‫ ޅ‬ɴ ᬠ ɐ ʳ ჿ ៗ ˁ ʈ ʚ ȭ ɩ ‫ ݖ ܩ‬ɴ ɦ Ȧ ɩ ភ ‫ غ‬ᇕ ɴ ᓒ ȭ ʳ Ʉ ɭ ˁ⏋ ቉ድɹȩȭɫɹᩂឹɲ୭ᩍɹʁɭɦɴɐȭɩȷɛɭȦȩ๴‫ر‬ȵȡʳ⏏Ё‫܌‬ɹ႕ᮃɹ̘ͻ͇ɻ⏋ʼɛɌɛɠɹɄȩɌɛ˽̊Ͳ˽ˁ౩ተɴᝠ౩ɐʳɛʠɴ߫᧟ɲʢɹɭɌɩ᧧ࡴɌɛ⏏
ǵԒᅒ͹࡫ᚹᠶయɻ⏋̫Ͳ˫̚͞˹͖ɴȲȦɩᦅ຦ȵ༇ອɭɰɹʭȩɴȋԊᅊȍɌɩȷɛɹȴ⏋ʚɛ⏋కঌɻɰɹʭȩɲࢪፑˁɭɤɩȷɛɹȴˁද២Ɍ⏋з຦ؒ֓ɴʭʳອᣂ྇፬ჿɹ‫خ‬ᔨਸˁᠶɍɩȦʳ⏏ɄʶɴࢪɌɩອᩃ͹࣢ᑕᠶయɻ⏋̠̲͊ˏɴȲȦɩϗၥ‫׋‬ɹᦽ᝔ɭɭʢɴቆεȵୟ߂Ɍɩʪȼ֪઴ˁ౩ʰȴɴɌ⏋ඨᅊɹ޴‫׋‬ȵ‫ݖܩ‬з຦ɹᅊ༎ɴཉխɲ৯ᯱˁȲʭʖɐɄɭˁ୭௎ɌɩȦʳ⏏࣬ᅒʰɹᠶయɻ⏋‫׫‬ᨆ͞ˠ˽ɴȲȦɩ͍˱Ͳाɴᅊਖ਼ɐʳ᳋ᰖɹᅊਖ਼ᄩ‫ޅ‬ɭ‫ݖܩ‬з຦ɹྫ֝༎֪ˁ៨ᦚɌ⏋ɗʶɴࢪɐʳဌྰϟ෌ʦ̋͌ল៯ɹ৯ᯱˁᠶɍɩȦʳ⏏ᇑဈᠶయɻ⏋μ‫׫ីܕ‬ᨆɹᮖ‫׫‬ህɴȲȦɩ߂ඖᅒ‫ܩ‬य़ʍɹອɹњᐌˁɇɇȭɩȷɛගകȵនᩮၚషɹɛʠɴФ஛ɇʶɩȦɤɛɭȷ⏋೴ϺɻɰɹʭȩɲࢪਝˁɌɛɹȴˁද២Ɍ⏋ගകȵԗᅊɌɩʪȼ᧌ዐˁ˱͐Ͳ̀ᠶɭɹᬠᦹɴȲȦɩᡴᠶɌɩȦʳ⏏ᦏᚹᠶయɻ⏋̊Ͳ˸̢ˏɫȲɄɲʼʶɩȦʳྂ‫ܩ‬ˁգᅎɌɛ‫ܧ‬ഀᦅ໬ˁᦅ࡝ᇕɴද២ɐʳɭ‫ؾ‬ಁɴ⏋ᦅ໬ɹ๴‫ر‬ᇕɲ޴‫׋‬ˁ኏Цᇕ͹ᐁཕᇕɲᄩ‫ޅ‬ɹ޴‫׋‬ɹɲȴɴеᒞɧȿɩȦʳ⏏
ǵ҅ǾɹᠶయɹςᰍʦȡɦȴɤɩȦʳ‫ݖܩ‬ɻɇʚɊʚɫȡʳ⏏ʚɛ⏋Ʉɹ႕ᮃȵȋອȍˁʠȽʳ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድɹԃкӉˁኍɌɩȦʳɭɻៜȦȵɛȦȵ⏋༇ອɭϗၥ‫ᦅ⏋׋‬೴ᬖᇍ⏋Ԓອᯆྫ෌⏋ྂ‫ܩ‬ᓚс⏋ගകᅊ઴ᏙɹѳԃɭȦɤɛʭȩɴ⏋ȋອȍˁʠȽʳ‫ک‬ᰍɹʁʸȵʱɹΥጩˁԍкᇕɴரኍɐʳɭȦȩᇿᇕɻ᧒ଁɐʳɄɭȵɫȷɛɭᓒȭɩȦʳ⏏
ȏˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድȑᑂᮃࠇ‫ڊ‬Ц

1

Water in Asia and Africa
ForewordProblems involving water are both global and, at the same time, specific to particular areas. Forexample, in considering water circulation on a global scale and its impact on climate, it is necessary
to examine such water-related problems as flooding, drought and the destruction of ecosystems at theglobal level. On the other hand, problems related to, for example, water pollution, management of water
for agriculture, or freshwater fishery must be analyzed in relation to the specific ecology, society orhistory of the region in question. Underlying the choice of “water” as the theme for this volume was
the perception that various problems involving water could be grasped as occurring at the interface
between the global and the local.
We are endeavoring to develop a comprehensive form of area studies; and at Kyoto University, one
important guiding principle of research has historically been to underpin an interdisciplinary approachwith an understanding of an area’s ecology and environment. The theme of this volume was chosen for
its suitability to express clearly our continued commitment to this stance.
In the following articles, Uchida and Ando examine how Bangladeshi peasants have lived withflooding and what measures the government has taken, then discuss the feasibility of water resource
management with the participation of local residents. Mizuno and Yamagata show how, in contrast, theareas of sand dunes are expanding in Namibia with the progress of desertification, and point out howchanges in vegetation are seriously affecting people’s lives in the area. Iwata and his coworkers describe
the habitats of fishes inhabiting the Mekong River in southern Laos and the fishing activities of local
residents, and discuss the impact upon them of irrigation works and dam construction. Momose
examines how people in the rice-terrace zone of Yunnan province, southwest China, responded when
the forests that supplied water to their fields were felled to provide fuel for iron smelting. He further
discusses the process of forest conservation and regeneration in terms of the Tragedy of CommonsTheory. Kondo examines the indigenous farming methods employed in the wet valleys of Tanzania
from the viewpoint of agricultural science, at the same time positioning historical changes in farming
methods within the context of changes in the socio-economic environment.
Each of these papers deals with a different subject and a different area. Together, although theycannot be said to show the full picture of area studies related to the present theme of “water,” they canbe considered to achieve the objective of providing in concrete terms an indication of the extent of theproblems related to “water:” flooding and desertification, rural development, freshwater fishery, wetland
agriculture, and the conservation of forest ecosystems.
The Editorial Committee (Asian and African Area Studies)2