受験番号：26IPE014

問１．
1.

An energy-distributed type X-ray detection apparatus that irradiates a sample

with electronic beams, X-rays, or the like, that detects characteristic X-rays generated
from the surface of the sample, and that performs elemental analysis of the sample, theenergy-distributed type X-ray detection apparatus comprising:an element holder that accommodates a semiconductor X-ray detection element
and that is provided with a cylindrical female thread; anda finger body that accommodates a substrate having a first-stage FET for
amplifying a signal from the semiconductor X-ray detection element, that has a coolingmechanism, and that is provided with a male thread;wherein the energy-distributed type X-ray detection apparatus is configured tofasten the element holder and the finger body by using the female thread and the malethread so as to fix the semiconductor X-ray detection element.
2.

An energy-distributed type X-ray detection apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein the element holder that accommodates the semiconductor X-ray detection
element is manufactured from a metal material having a large thermal expansioncoefficient, and the finger body that accommodates the substrate having the first-stage
FET is manufactured from a metal material having a smaller thermal expansion
coefficient than that of the element holder.
3.

An energy-distributed type X-ray detection apparatus according to claim 1,

wherein the element holder is provided with a slit-shaped opening such thathigh-voltage wiring for supplying a voltage to an electrode of the semiconductor X-ray
detection element can be drawn through the element holder.
問２．
A JPEG system, standardized by ISO, is one of existing well-known systems forimage compression. This system uses discrete cosine transformation and is known toprovide a good encoded and decoded image when a relatively large number of encoded
bits are assigned.

However, when the number of encoded bits is reduced below acertain degree, remarkable block distortion occurs and degradation becomes prominent
in a subjective view.
Meanwhile, many researches has been done recently on systems that divide animage into a plurality of bands by using a filter called a filter bank in which a highpass
filter and a lowpass filter are combined, and that perform encoding for each band.

Among these systems, wavelet transformation encoding is considered as a newpromising technology that will replace DCT because wavelet transformation encoding
does not have a disadvantage, like DCT, that remarkable block distortion occurs in highcompression.
For example, JPEG 2000, which was internationally standardized in January
2001, employs a system in which this wavelet transformation is combined with highly
efficient entropy encoding, and significantly improves encoding efficiency comparedwith that of JPEG.
問３．
Specifically, the electronic paper apparatus 26 is of a well-known self-writing
type that can display prescribed information on an image display unit as an image in a
voltage-applying state, and that can retain the displayed information in a no-powerstate. In a state in which no voltage is applied by a microprocessor 23, via a driver, torespective pixel electrodes that configure a matrix in the image display unit, particles
charged negatively (-) accumulate on a bottom surface side of the image display unit,
while black particles charged positively (+) remain on a top surface side. Thus, whenviewing the image display unit from the top surface side, the image display unit appears
to be colored in black. When the driver operates on the basis of electronic data output
from the microprocessor 23 and the polarity of pixel electrodes of required parts of thematrix is reversed in accordance with the information to be displayed as an image, thepositional relationship between the while particles and the black particles is switched,
as appropriate, and the information represented by the contrast of the while particles
and the black particles is displayed on the image display unit as an image. In addition,in the electronic paper apparatus 26, the image display state can be retained even in theno-power state in which no voltage is applied, via the driver, to the respective pixel
electrodes that configure a matrix in the image display unit.