NWEC 2010 International Forum for Women’s Empowerment(Tokyo, 9 October 2010)

Definition of Empowerment and Leadership Empowerment

 To control one’s live on their own
 To make their existence visible
 To make their voices heard When the voices heard, empowerment begins
to work

Women’s Empowerment &Leadership Leadership Readiness to take responsibility for society
 Readiness to take initiatives for action tochange

Hyunjoo Song, Ph.D.
Professor, KIGEPE
Advisor, ROK PRT in Afghanistan

12

UNDP Status of Women in the World

Status of Korean WomenLabor hours
67%

Of wholeincome10%

GenderGender--Related Index(GDI)
Of 157 Countries
Gender Empowerment
Measure (GEM)
Of 108 Countries

Of wholeassets
1%Of poor
population
70%

2561

(UNDP, 2009
Human Development Report)

3

Modified illustrations of primary
textbook in Korea

4

Illustration needs to be modified
9th grade Technique and Home Economy Textbook

561

Principle of Equality
and NonNon-Discrimination

Books and cartoons
that girls like toread…

The term discrimination against
women shall mean any distinction, exclusion orrestriction made on the basis of sex which has theeffect or purpose of impairing or nullifying therecognition, enjoyment or exercise by women,
irrespective of their marital status, on a basis ofequality of men and women, of human rights andfundamental freedoms in the political, economic,
social, cultural, civil or any other field.

 CEDAW Article 1:

Books and cartoons
that boys like toread…

78

Percentages of Female Teachers,
ViceVice-Principles, and Principles in Korea
2007

Teacher

Principle

Vice-Principle

Primaryschool

73.0

10.3

18.1

MiddleSchool

63.6

12.8

20.7

High school

40.4

6.15.7

행정고시외무고시5급 이상4급 이상3급 이상

Source : Ministry of Education, Annual Education
Statistics

51.2%
65.7%
10.8%
6.1%
2.4%

 Feminization of Teaching Force

9Distribution of countries according to distance from the gender parity goals
in primary, secondary and tertiary education 2006
Disparities in favor of boys/men
Far from thegoal: GPI
below 0.80

ParityIntermediate
position: GPI
between 0.80
and 0.94

Close to thegoal: GPI
between 0.95
and 0.96

Goal achieved:
GPI between
0.97 and 1.03

Cambodia
Lao PDR
Viet Nam
Papua New
GuineaIndonesia
ThailandChinaFijiMalaysia
Mongolia
MyanmarPhilippines
ROK10Parity leading to equality in outcomes?

Disparities in favor of girls/women
Close to thegoal GPI
between 1.04
and 1.05

Intermediate
position: GPI
between 1.06
and 1.25

Far from thegoal : GPI
above 1.25

Mongolia 6.7

Primary education

East Asia andthe PacificSouth and West A
sia

Pakistan

India
Nepal

Korea DPR 20.1

China 20.3

Bangladesh

Secondary education

Source: EFA Global Monitoring Rep
ort, UNESCO

2009

East Asia andthe PacificSouth and West A
sia

Cambodia
Lao PDRPapua New
GuineaPakistan

India
Nepal

Japan 9Korea Rep 13.4

China
Indonesia
Myanmar
ROKViet Nam

ThailandSri Lanka

Bangladesh

Seats held by womenin national parliament

Fiji
Malaysia
Mongolia
Philippines

Hong Kong SAR

MyanmarLao PDR 22.9

Thailand 10.6

Macau SAR

Vietnam 27.3

Philippines 15.7

East Asia

Cambodia 9.8

Tertiary education
Cambodia
Indonesia
East Asia and
Lao PDR
the Pacific
ROK
Viet NamSouth and West A Bangladesh
India
sia
Nepal

Brunei

ChinaFiji
Philippines
Thailand

Malaysia 9.1

Malaysia
Mongolia

Singapore 16

Indonesia 11.3

Pakistan

Source: GENDER Info 2007

11Timor Leste 25.3

122

Women in Afghanistan in 2009

Status of Women in Afghanistan• Female representation of parliament :27.3% (69/249)
 Illiteracy rate : 72% (ages 15 and above,2007).
 Early marriage : 60-80%
 Economy: 80-90% in informal sector
 Health : maternal mortality(1,600/100,000)
Women in Kabul protesting a law, passed last month, that says Shiite
husbands may demand sex with their wives every four days.The law also says
when and why a wife may leave home alone.
13Source: International Herald Tribune, April, 16, 200914

What are you doing for
gender equality today?

Thank you verymuch!
hyunjoos519@yahoo.co.kr

153