L2/15-239
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2 N****
ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N****
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 2
PROPOSAL SUMMARY FORM TO ACCOMPANY SUBMISSIONSFOR ADDITIONS TO THE REPERTOIRE OF ISO/IEC 10646
Please fill all the sections A, B and C below.
TP

Please read Principles and Procedures Document (P & P) from http://www.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/principles.html for
guidelines and details before filling this form.
Please ensure you are using the latest Form from http://www.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/summaryform.html.
See also http://www.dkuug.dk/JTC1/SC2/WG2/docs/roadmaps.html for latest Roadmaps.
HTU

UTH

HTU

UTH

HTU

UTH

A. Administrative
1. Title:
Proposal of Japanese HENTAIGANA
2. Requester's name:ITSCJ SC2 Committee, IPSJ, JAPAN3. Requester type (Member body/Liaison/Individual contribution):
Member Body
4. Submission date:2015-09-18
5. Requester's reference (if applicable):
6. Choose one of the following:This is a complete proposal:
Yes(or) More information will be provided later:
B. Technical – General
1. Choose one of the following:a. This proposal is for a new script (set of characters):
Yes
Proposed name of script:
HENTAIGANA
b. The proposal is for addition of character(s) to an existing block:Yes
Name of the existing block:Plane 01 Row B0: Kana Supplement (and one new block)
2. Number of characters in proposal:
299
3. Proposed category (select one from below - see section 2.2 of P&P document):
A-Contemporary
X B.1-Specialized (small collection)
B.2-Specialized (large collection)
C-Major extinct
D-Attested extinct
E-Minor extinct
F-Archaic Hieroglyphic or Ideographic
G-Obscure or questionable usage symbols
4. Is a repertoire including character names provided?
Yesa. If YES, are the names in accordance with the “character naming guidelines”
in Annex L of P&P document?
Yesb. Are the character shapes attached in a legible form suitable for review?
Yes
5. Fonts related:a. Who will provide the appropriate computerized font to the Project Editor of 10646 for publishing thestandard?
ITSCJ SC2 Committee, IPSJ, JAPANb. Identify the party granting a license for use of the font by the editors (include address, e-mail, ftp-site, etc.):
Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan (http://mojikiban.ipa.go.jp/)
6. References:a. Are references (to other character sets, dictionaries, descriptive texts etc.) provided?
Yesb. Are published examples of use (such as samples from newspapers, magazines, or other sources)of proposed characters attached?
No
7. Special encoding issues:
Does the proposal address other aspects of character data processing (if applicable) such as input,
presentation, sorting, searching, indexing, transliteration etc. (if yes please enclose information)?
No
8. Additional Information:
Submitters are invited to provide any additional information about Properties of the proposed Character(s) or Scriptthat will assist in correct understanding of and correct linguistic processing of the proposed character(s) or script.
Examples of such properties are: Casing information, Numeric information, Currency information, Display behaviour
information such as line breaks, widths etc., Combining behaviour, Spacing behaviour, Directional behaviour, Default
Collation behaviour, relevance in Mark Up contexts, Compatibility equivalence and other Unicode normalization
related information. See the Unicode standard at http://www.unicode.org for such information on other scripts. Alsosee Unicode Character Database ( http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/ ) and associated Unicode Technical Reports
for information needed for consideration by the Unicode Technical Committee for inclusion in the Unicode Standard.
HTU

UTH

H

Page 1 of 5

C. Technical - Justification
1. Has this proposal for addition of character(s) been submitted before?
No
If YES explain
2. Has contact been made to members of the user community (for example: National Body,
Yes
user groups of the script or characters, other experts, etc.)?
Ministry of Justice,
If YES, with whom?
National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics et al.
Attached
If YES, available relevant documents:
3. Information on the user community for the proposed characters (for example:
Yessize, demographics, information technology use, or publishing use) is included?
Reference:
4. The context of use for the proposed characters (type of use; common or rare)
CommonPerson’s names in Japan’s official family registry and residence registry.
Reference:
Documents for historical study of the Japanese writing system and studies of the history ofJapan.
5. Are the proposed characters in current use by the user community?
Yes
Ministry of Justice, Municipalities in Japan, National Institute for
If YES, where? Reference:
Japanese Language and Linguistics et al.
6. After giving due considerations to the principles in the P&P document must the proposed characters be entirelyNoin the BMP?
If YES, is a rationale provided?
If YES, reference:
7. Should the proposed characters be kept together in a contiguous range (rather than being scattered)?
8. Can any of the proposed characters be considered a presentation form of an existingNo
character or character sequence?
If YES, is a rationale for its inclusion provided?
If YES, reference:
9. Can any of the proposed characters be encoded using a composed character sequence of either
No
existing characters or other proposed characters?
If YES, is a rationale for its inclusion provided?
If YES, reference:
10. Can any of the proposed character(s) be considered to be similar (in appearance or function)Noto, or could be confused with, an existing character?
If YES, is a rationale for its inclusion provided?
If YES, reference:
11. Does the proposal include use of combining characters and/or use of composite sequences?
No
If YES, is a rationale for such use provided?
If YES, reference:
Is a list of composite sequences and their corresponding glyph images (graphic symbols) provided?
If YES, reference:
12. Does the proposal contain characters with any special properties such asNocontrol function or similar semantics?
If YES, describe in detail (include attachment if necessary)

13. Does the proposal contain any Ideographic compatibility characters?
If YES, are the equivalent corresponding unified ideographic characters identified?
If YES, reference:

No

Page 2 of 5

Proposal for Japanese HENTAIGANAs
Japanese phonograms, widely known as “HIRAGANA” today, had been
derived from handwritten cursive shapes of ancient Hanzi Ideographs. The
meanings of the original Ideographs (“Mother Ideographs”) are completely
eliminated and they only carry sound.
In year 1900, Japanese government selected one phonogram for eachphonetic value and announced not to use other phonograms in elementary
education. Afterward, the selected phonograms are called “HIRAGANA” andothers are called “HENTAIGANA”, the meaning is variants of a HIRAGANA.
HIRAGANAs already have code positions in UCS, in the HIRAGANA Block.
Today, the use cases of HENTAIGANA are very limited, but they are still
actually used especially in persons’ names.
They are often used in the first names of female persons born before 19481.
It is required by law in the Japanese family registration system to preserve
records of persons for 150 years after they have passed away, so
HENTAIGANAs used for these persons will still be needed for more than
150 years in administrative areas.
The other use cases are in academic studies, especially research on thehistory of Japanese literature, writing system, and transcriptions of historic
documentations.
In both areas, processing HENTAIGANA in a digital environment is desired
and, in many case, HENTAIGANAs are used assigned within private use
area/plane in the UCS code space.
For enhancing interoperability of IT systems including e-government
systems and fostering a fair competitive and open procurement environment,international standardization of HENTAIGANA cannot be avoided.
The attached chart is the repertory of HENTAIGANA which reflect
administrative and academic needs.
1

The Japanese government explicitly excluded HENTAIGANA from the character list, which

can be used for newly born children’s first names, in 1948.

Page 3 of 5

[Sources of the repertory]
Mainly there are two different areas of sources.
One is the officially announced and used list for the Japanese family
registration system. There are 168 HENTAIGANAs from this source.
The other is academic study. The Japan NB and several voluntaryresearchers gathered and consolidated HENTAIGANAs mainly used forprinting purposes after the Meiji era 2 , and checked with several
HENTAIGANA dictionaries containing examples of actual use cases. Thereare 275 HENTAIGANAs from this source.
The Japan NB consolidated these two different sources and made arepertory containing 299 HENTAIGANAs.
[Identification of HENTAIGANA]
Basically, a HENTAIGANA is identified by the pair of its phonetic value andits Mother Ideograph. Information of phonetic value and Mother Ideographs
are included in the chart of repertory.
Proposed character names are reflected this.
Note 1. There possibly are numerous (infinite) shape variants for one
HENTAIGANA because the shape of HENTAIGANA came fromhandwritten cursive style of ancient Hanzi Ideographs and thelevel of simplification can vary. So the Japan NB proposes basicallya single glyph reference for each pair of phonetic value and Mother
Ideograph. Visual representations of HENTAIGANAs in this
proposal are only examples for rendering, and they can be rendered
in a wide variety of ways.
Note 2. There are a few exceptions in this Japanese proposal to assign
more than one code point for one pair of phonetic value and Mother2

1868A.D.〜1912A.D.

Page 4 of 5

Ideograph. There are two reasons for this. Firstly: There are
HENTAIGANA shape variants that the Japanese government havealready officially assigned and used in the actual working systems.
Secondly: In the history of the Japanese writing system, there aresome functional differences corresponding to the degree ofsimplification of the Mother Ideographs.3
Note 3. There are a few cases that one Mother Ideograph is associated withplural phonetic value. In this case, a different code positions will be
associated with a very similar or identical visual representation.
Note 4. Some HENTAIGANAs may be used with a voiced sound mark or
semi-voiced

sound

mark.

For

such

cases,COMBINING

KATAKANA-HIRAGANA VOICED SOUND MARK (U+3099) and
COMBINING KATAKANA-HIRAGANA SEMI-VOICED SOUNDMARK (U+30A0) may be used with HENTAIGANAs.

3

Attached article by Takada, Yada and Saito is very useful to recognize the situation.

Page 5 of 5

The past, present and future of Hentaigana
Standardization for Information Interchange
Authors: TAKADA Tomokazu*, YADA Tsutomu†, SAITO Tatsuya‡translation: Tatsuo Kobayashi (JNB),
Daniel Kobayashi-Better (Osaka University)
Abstract
Hentaigana are variants of hiragana; these variants are rarely used in thepresent day. However, Hentaigana were used for personal names until 1947,
creating a need for a standardized coded character set of Hentaigana foradministrative uses such as the basic resident register. There is also ademand for the ability to input and display Hentaigana on computers foracademic purposes such as in the historical study of the Japanese writing
system and studies of the history of Japan. Using characters collected fromletterpress printing and digital fonts, we defined a set of Hentaigana to be
used in the exchange of academic information. This set includes somevariants that originate from the same Chinese character in order toaccurately portray functional distinction in Hentaigana use. We plan tosubmit a proposal to add this set along with the Hentaigana used foradministrative purposes to the ISO/IEC 10646 standard on October 2015.
１．

Foreword

ISO/IEC 10646(Universal Coded Set) has already encoded almost all
currently used modern characters and scripts, and has continued to encode
historic scripts. Hentaigana is one of such new challenge. In 2009, a Dutch
expert submitted a proposal to add Hentaigana in UCS, from the view pointof cultural heritage and Orientalism.
In Japan, there has been demand to some extent for using Hentaigana in thedigital environment since mainframe era, and vendors have been holding
some Hentaiganas as private use characters. The main use case for*

National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics†

Osaka University‡

Senshu University

1Hentaigana is the governmental treatment of personal names (mainly firstname of females), and the requirement to standardize Hentaigana in UCS isarising from this use case.
Apart from the governmental usage and cultural heritage, there are
requirements to standardize Hentaigana encoding in academic work,
especially historical studies of Japanese characters and its writing system,and transcriptions 1 of Japanese historic documents for precise research.
However, there is no stabilized set of Hentaigana yet. This survey is toestablish a stabilized set of Hentaigana for these purposes.
In this paper we discuss the following(1) What is Hentaigana(2) A brief history of Hentaigana and encoding challenges(3) The process of selecting a Hentaigana set
２．What is Hentaigana
In the Japanese modern writing system, concerning Hiragana and Katakana
usage, only one Hiragana letter corresponds to each phonetic value, with afew exceptions of ha/wa, e/he, o/wo, or long vowels.
However, this writing method came into widespread use very recently,
considering the long history of Hiragana usage from 9th century. Around athousand years until the end of 19th century, it was common for several
letters to correspond to each phonetic value. The word “Hentaigana” is used
two ways in the historic research of Japanese characters and its writing
system. One is the writing system itself with multiple letters for one
phonetic value. The other refers to any Hiragana letters that are not incommon use. In this discussion, we will use the word “Hentaigana” in thelatter meaning.
After 1900 A.D. (Meiji 33), Hentaigana faded out from the daily use in theJapanese writing system.
In this year, 1900 A.D. the Ministry of Education promulgated 「教授用仮名及び字体」(Kana for Use in Education) in 「小学校令施行規則」（文部省令第2

14 号）(Ordinance for Enforcement of the School Education Act (Ordinance ofthe Ministry of Education No.14)), which defined the Hiragana letters to be
used in education. The hiragana letters defined in this promulgation are stillin common use today.
As a matter of fact, this promulgation was only focused on elementary
education, and the promulgation revoked in 1908 along with the writing ruleof long vowels in on-yomi words using ー, so there are no explicit law orordinances that explicitly prescribe the use of Hentaigana in common
Japanese, except for in persons’ names.
However, even before promulgation regarding education, after Meiji 20, withthe spread of movable-type printing, the use of Hentaigana had declined
rapidly and the promulgation only confirmed the actual usage. In this way,
the abolishing of this promulgation made no effect either in education orsociety in general, and the usage of Hentaigana faded away from theJapanese writing system. Currently, there is no disadvantage for anyone
who lacks Hentaigana literacy. However, the use of Hentaigana has notcompletely disappeared from Japanese documents.
There still has been very few use case of Hentaiganas, for example Yukio
Mishima, a famous postwar generation novelist, used a few Hentaigana in
his manuscripts. The use of Hentaigana for persons’ names, especiallyfemale names, is another vestige of the Hentaigana generation.
In addition, in the modern landscape, we can sometimes find uses ofHentaigana, in store names and logos. In this sense, Hentaigana is still alivein Japanese cultural scene.
That Japanese writing system finally changed to the modern Hiragana
system (i.e. one tone value is represented by one Hiragana letter), is very
reasonable in regard to the economics of language. If so, why wasHentaigana present in the writing system so long—more than one
millennium? We will discuss this issue below.
The origin of Hentaigana is Man’yogana. Man’yogana is derived from Kanji
ignoring their meaning, only inheriting their sound and shape, and are used
to transcribe the Japanese language. When used as Man’yogana, themeaning of Kanji is abandoned, leading to the disappearance of any
3difference between Kanji with the same or similar sound. There had been nostrict rule to select one letter among many possible choices before themodern era. Man’yogana had many Kanji letters for each sound value.
Hiragana inherited the characteristics of Man’yogana and had multiple
letters for each tone value. As a matter of fact, there was a tendency inMan’yogana itself of a reduction in the variety of the Kanji letters for eachsound value during the expansion of its area of use. However, before thisreduction in variety, Hiragana itself developed shape modifications to makethem visually different to Kanji.
Also, the fact that society in the Heian era, when Hiragana was developed,
was relatively stable also contributed to the situation of Hiragana. Generally
speaking, changes in the structure of writing system occur along withchanges in society. With the increase of the population with literacy as social
demand, a more rational writing system was developed for the new literate
people. However, society in the Heian era remained stable for a long time,
and there was no explicit development to reduce the letters for each phonetic
value, rather they developed aesthetically. Hiragana letters were not
reduced but increased in the Heian era.
In the case that there is more than one letter for each phonetic value, it isrational for people to create functional difference between them. Also, it isvery natural to imagine people when writing would require some guidelines
on how to use multiple letters for each phonetic value appropriately. There
are many studies in historical research on the Japanese writing system
about the functional differences among multiple letters for one phonetic
value.
Examples are as follows:(1)

specific letters used in specific words「今日(けふ)」→「「参らせ」→「
(2)

ふ」

いら

」

different letters used for their position in a specific word (top,middle or bottom), or for particles.
〈カ〉か－語頭／－語中語尾（2）4〈シ〉－語頭／し－語中語尾（3）〈ハ〉－語頭／は－語中語尾／(3)different letters for the same phonetic value appearing in two－助詞（4）

adjacent lines
In addition, after the Middle Ages, we find examples where different letter
shapes are used to distinguish differences in phonetic value.
(4)

The difference of phonetic value is expressed with different of letter

shapes.
〈チ(清音)〉ち／〈ヂ(濁音)〉 （5）〈ユ(直音)〉ゆ／〈ユ(拗音)〉 （6）〈ツ・ヅ〉つ・

／〈促音〉

（7）

After the use of Hentaigana had disappeared from common use, reprints ofclassical literature with movable type usually used only modern Hiragana.
However, considering the functional usage of different letter shapes, there ispossibility of losing very important information from original manuscript if
only modern Hiragana is used in transcription. Moreover, looking at theexample in (4), we can find that the functional difference of different letter
shapes occurs not only between characters originating from two different
Kanji, but also between two different letter shapes originating from the same
Kanji.
The next example is a humorous anecdote from the Edo era. In modern sense,
we can not find the difference, however, to completely understand theanecdote itself, we need to distinguish the difference of two letter shapesthat represent the sound /to/. Punctuation marks are added by the author ofthis paper.
Note by translator: Very sorry without English translation, but it is very
similar difficulty to translate James Joyce’s “Finnegans Wake” into
Japanese.
・大和国よしのあたりに、むすめ弐人持ける人、てうあひのあまり、姉の名
をしきぶ

付、妹を

ちぎり

よびける。ある人のいはく、「こなたの姉

娘しきぶはきこへましたが、いもふ

5

を

ちぎり

はいかゞ」

たづねけ

れば、「をのをのは謡御ぞんじない
筒のうたひにありあり見へました。それはもんもう也。井

しるしおかれた、紀のありつねの娘はならびなき

びじんゆへ、なり平心をつくされしよし、我等がむすめもあつぱれお
まじきぞんじよりにて
ひは」
たひます」

ちぎり

付申侯」

る

いふ。「して其井づゝのうた

へば、しさいらしく、「その比は紀のあり常の娘

ちぎりう

いはれた。（『軽口御前男』）

In the lyrics of 謡曲「井筒(izutsu)」, the text is 「紀有常の娘と契り」, however,the scatterbrain misunderstood the text to 「紀有常の娘『とちぎり』」i.e. 『とちぎり』as the lady’s proper name. This anecdote has four「とちぎり」strings.
The first three times use the Hentaigana letter 「止」to suggest that「とちぎり」is a proper name, and the last time, uses 「と」to declare that 「とちぎり」means to have a love affair.
This is a very adequate example that in the pre modern Japanese writing
system, sometimes letter shape differences carried very importantfunctionality to enable rich exchange of information.
３．Hentaigana and coded character sets
Japanese coded character sets, such as JIS X 2028, JIS X 0212 and JIS X
0213, have no code positions for Hentaigana. However, in the 1970s, when he
first Japanese first coded character set JIS X 0208 (was named JIS C 6226
when published) was published, Japanese main frame vendors treatedHentaigana as part of their private character set. In vendors’ codebooks,
Fujitsu includes 168 letters (FUJITSU JEF, 1980), NEC includes 152 letters(『日本電気標準文字セット辞書＜拡張＞』, 1983), and Hitachi includes 152
letters (『HITAC 文字パターン辞書／コードブック』,1987).
These Hentaigana are prepared to handle human proper names in practicalworks.
The handling rule of Hentaigana in personal names is included in 戸籍法施行
規則 (Ordinance for Enforcement of the Family Register) Article 60 enacted
on 1st January 1948. Article 60 is the rule to limit characters to be used for
newly born children’s names. Concerning Kana, after 1st Jury 1948,
6

Katanana or Hiragana (excluding Hentaigana) were permitted for use. In
accordance with this rule, there had been no rule to prohibit Hentaigana for
personal names before 31st December 1947. A person who has Hentaigana in
his/her name and was born in 1947 would be 67 or 68 years old in 2016.
Article 5 of 戸籍法施行規則 (Ordinance for Enforcement of the Family
Register) also regulates to keep records of deceased or missing persons for
150 years. Accordingly, governance related to the family register needs tokeep using Hentaigana around 200 years.
The Ministry of Justice regulated the Character/glyph set for the digitalizedfamily registration system called 戸籍統一文字 (Unified Character Set for
the Family Registry) in 法務省民一第 928 号民事局長通達 (Notice No. 928,
issued by 1st Section, Civil Affairs Bureau, Ministry of Justice) promulgatedon 1st April 2004.
In 戸籍統一文字, 168 Hentaigana letters are included. This repertory is very
similar to the repertories included in vendor systems, and it can be inferredthat this 戸 籍 統 一 文 字repertory inherits the Hentaigana used inmainframes. This fact raised the requirement to standardize Hentaigana in
UCS.
In JIS, there once had been discussion about the inclusion of Hentaigana. In
commentary for JIS X 0213:2000 (pp.512) there is some mention about
Hentaigana.

4.4.5 Hentaigana Hentaigana is used in some areas, such as in text
books for Japanese calligraphy, and there existed a small demand forstandardization. However, it is very difficult to fix a set repertory ofHentaigana. Also it is very difficult to define stable glyph shapes from
actual use cases that can be identified as graphic characters, and it isvery difficult to clearly distinguish between Hentaigana and thehandwritten shape of their original Kanji. For the above reasons, thecommittee finally decided not to include Hentaigana.
From this description, it can be understood that in order to standardize
Hentaigana as coded characters, it is necessary to settle representative
glyph shapes for each Hentaigana letter.
On the other hand, there was a proposal to include Hentaigana in UCS from7

an individual Dutch expert in February 2009. This proposal is based on a
Kanji searching software “Konjaku Mojikyo” and it includes 213 Hentaigana
letters. In that occasion, JNB for ISO/IEC JTC1SC2 was requested to makecomment for this proposal. The Japanese answer was as follows:
In Japan, there is still a requirement to standardize Hentaigana in codedcharacter set standards especially in governmental use for personal names,
however, the policy for sophisticated e-governmentization is still underdiscussion. This Japanese comment suspended the Hentaigana discussion in
SC2.
４．Research and selection of Hentaigana set for academic purpose
Generally speaking, a character set for standardized coded character set
should be sufficiently stable and fairly acceptable for a large number ofpeople to use. This is the same for the historical study of the Japanesewriting system and history of Japan ( 古 文 書 学 ). Especially, it is very
important to reach an agreement on a stable glyph shape as a graphic
character between researchers, and for the repertory to be sufficiently usablefor the purpose of historical study of the Japanese writing system andhistory of Japan.
To attain this goal, the selection of Hentaigana began with gathering
Hentaigana letters used in modern letter press printing and digital fonts,
and consulted dictionaries focused on Hentaigana2.
Usually, we would imagine old handwritten shapes by famous masters when
thinking of Hentaigana shape. However, handwritten shapes haveconsiderable variations and it is very difficult to consolidate representative
shapes. Accordingly, we started with letter press printing and digital fonts,
which have more stable shapes to aid selection.
The gathered sets are as follows:(1) 精興社変体仮名 134 字(2) 中西印刷変体仮名 154 字(3) 築地活版五号明朝体活字変体仮名（明治 27 年）〔府川充男『聚珍録

8第三編

仮名』（三省堂、2005 年）より〕

115 字(4) 教科書活字（明治 25 年・明治 27 年）〔板倉雅宣『教科書体変遷史』（朗文堂、2003 年）より〕

明治 25 年：49 字 明治 27 年：50 字(5) 今昔文字鏡変体仮名 380 字(6) Koin 変体仮名〔http://www10.plala.or.jp/koin/koinHentaigana.html〕 335
字(1) and (2) are the Hentaigana sets which the printers of 『大日本古文書』
and『大日本古記録』3use. These sets seem to cover the requirements for the
study of the history of Japan. (3) was published in 1894, the period when thedesign of letter press typefaces became stabilized. (4) was used in elementary
school text books in the Meiji era, and seems to display a fundamental set ofHentaigana. (5) and (6) are popularly used by researchers, in the present day.
These sets contain Hentaigana letters with the voiced and semi-voiced soundmarks. However, in our Hentaigana set, these voiced and semi-voiced lettershave been omitted because the needs of these letters for scholarly purpose
are very low.
Note by tlk: In Japanese proposal to SC2, theoretically these voiced andsemi-voiced Hentaigana letters can be rendered with UCS architectureand functionality in general.
More over, we added Hentaigana letters appearing in12 previous studies on
Kana character 4 and Hentaigana letters used by 東 京 大 学 史 料 編 纂 所(Historiographical Institute, the University of Tokyo).
After gathering the candidate Hentaigana letters, grouping these lettersaccording to their similarity in shape, we then, checked these with
Hentaigana dictionaries. Hentaigana dictionaries referred to are as follows:(1) 『変体仮名の手引（改訂増補 25 版）』（中野幸一編、武蔵野書院、2009 年）(2) 『字典かな（新装版）』（笠間影印叢刊刊行会編、笠間書院、2003 年）(3) 『かな名跡大字典』（筒井茂徳編、角川書店、1981 年）(4) 『かな連綿字典』（竹田悦堂監修・佐野榮輝編、雄山閣出版、1990-1992 年）(5) 『用例かな大字典』（中田易直他編、柏書房、1978 年）

9All dictionaries have source information and text, therefore with thischecking process, we could confirm the evidence of each Hentaigana.
With this process, we consolidated a 264 Hentaigana glyph repertory foracademic use as follows:10Fig.1 The Hentaigana set for scholarly information exchange

The Hentaigana set for scholarly use consists of 47 phonetic values, 215
11mother Kanji characters, 264 glyph shapes, and is arranged with threelayers i.e. phonetic value, mother Kanji character and glyph.
The first layer, phonetic value does not reflect the historical change ofphonetic

values,but

simplyreflects

thecurrent

phonetic

valuescorresponding to modern Hiragana letters.
The second layer of mother Kanji characters, shows original Kanji fromwhich Hentaigana is generated by modification to a cursive style. Usually,
Hentaigana letters are displayed with their original Kanji characters, so thetable contains the original Kanji character with corresponding Hentaigana.
Accordingly, one phonetic value corresponds to multiple original Kanjicharacters. The ordering of the original Kanji characters is by their radical
and stroke count.
The third layer is “glyph”. Hentaigana sometimes has different glyphs
origination from the same original Kanji character. Referred in section two,these different glyphs with one original Kanji character have different
functions in the writing system. Hence, in this Hentaigana set, needed
different glyphs with the same original Kanji character have been included
as necessary (ex. For mother Kanji「可」,「」and「」are correspond).

Also, classical texts sometimes contain one original Kanji character or one
glyph used for multiple phonetic values. For these cases, in this table, we
displayed only one phonetic value. For example, Hentaigana「」is used for/YA/ and /YO/, but in this table only /YA/ is displayed. This issue should be
discussed and resolved through the process of standardization. Cases that
one glyph used for multiple phonetic values are as follows:
惡（

）：あ、を

家（

）：か、け

期（

）：こ、き

徒（

）：つ、と

等（

）：と、ら

而（

）：に、て

子（

）：ね、こ

馬（

）：め、ま

12

夜（

）：や、よ

无（

）：む、も、ん

Note by translator: JNB proposal resolved this issue, with assigning
different identifier for the pairs of phonetic value and original Kanjicharacter.
５．Future plan
Japan National Body for ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2 is going to submit theconsolidated proposal with the 168 governmental use set and an additional
118 academic use set, making a total of 286 Hentaigana letters, to be
standardized in ISO/IEC 10646.

References
1) 矢田勉. 国語文字・表記史の研究. 汲古書院. 2012. 825p.
2) 迫野虔徳. 定家の「仮名もじ遣」. 語文研究. 1974, no. 37, p. 39-46.
3) 安田章. 仮名文字遣と国語史研究. 三省堂. 2009. 312p.
4) 伊坂淳一. 藤原俊成の用字法・試論―自筆本『廣田社歌合』における機能的用字法―（Ⅰ）（Ⅱ）. 学苑.
1988, no. 577, 578, p. 179-189, 59-71.
5) 鈴木真喜男「. 地」のかな―定家自筆本における―. 国語研究. 1958, no. 8, p.
59-65.
6) 長谷川千秋. 直音と拗音を書き分ける仮名文字遣. 国語国文. 1997, vol. 66,
no. 7, p. 36-52.
7) 蔵野嗣久. 天正狂言本の「つ」の仮名について. 安田女子大学紀要. 1973, no.
3, p. 39-43.
8) 日本工業標準調査会. 7 ビット及び 8 ビットの 2 バイト情報交換用符号化拡張
漢字集合 JIS X 0213:2000. 日
本規格協会. 2000. 541p.
9) 平本健二. 電子行政における文字環境の整備. 情報管理. 2015, vol. 57, no.
11, p. 799-808. http://doi.
org/10.1241/johokanri.57.799, (accessed 2015-07-08).
1310) 小林龍生. 字体と字形のはざまで：文字情報基盤整備事業を例として. 情報管理. 2015, vol. 58, no. 3, p.
176-184. http://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.58.176, (accessed 2015-07-08).

In this paper “transcription” means to rewrite texts in manuscripts and wood cut printings
into modern style texts using modern character shape and design. Sometimes, throughadding punctuation marks and replacing Hiragana strings into Kanji, transcripter’sinterpretation would be included.
2 This project was conducted as the research project 「文字環境のモデル化と社会言語科学への応用」(from Oct. 2009). The members are 銭谷真人（国語研）,小助川貞次（富山大）,當山日
出夫（立命館大）,Yada, Saito, Takada.
3 Hentaigana is used in transcription of 和歌(waka) and 仮名消息(Kanashousoku).
14

池田亀鑑『古典の批判的処置に関する研究』（岩波書店,1941 年）,山田俊雄『日本語の歴史 別巻 言語史研究入門』（平凡社,1976 年）,浜田啓介「板行の仮名字体―その収歛的傾向について―」（『国語学』118,1979 年）,築島裕『日本語の世界 5 仮名』（中央公論社,1981 年）,玉村禎郎「『春色梅兒誉美』における仮名の用字法」（『国語文字史の研究 2』,和泉書院,1994 年）,松下なるみ「平仮名の字体と字源」（『漢字百科大事典』,明治書院,1996 年）,久保田篤「『浮世風呂』の平仮名の用字法」（『成蹊国文』30,1997 年）,内田宗一「黄表紙・洒落本の仮名字体」（『国語文字史の研究 4』,和泉書院,1998 年）,内田宗一「『偐紫田舎源氏』の仮名字体―作者自筆稿本と板本の比較考察」（『待兼山論叢文学篇』32,1998 年）,内田宗一「馬琴作合巻『金比羅船利生纜』の仮名字体」（『国語文字史の研究 5』,和泉書院,2000 年）,久保田篤「江戸板本の表記の多様性―洒落本『傾城買二筋道』の場合」（『成蹊国文』42,2009 年）[translator’s note]This article is originally carried in “Journal of Information Processing andManagement” 2051 vol.58 no.6 published by Japanese Science andTechnology Agency (JST).

14

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ProposedGlyphreference

󻀐
󻀑
󻀒
󻀓
󻀔
󻀕
󻀖
󻀗
󻀘
󻀙
󻀚
󻀛
󻀜
󻀝
󻀞
󻀟
󻀠
󻀡
󻀢
󻀣
󻀤
󻀥
󻀦
󻀧
󻀨
󻀩
󻀪
󻀫
󻀬

Character NameUCS

UCS of the
UCS of theHiragana
MotherPhonetic
Motherrepresenting
Ideographvalue
Ideographphonetic
value

HENTAIGANA LETTER A VARIANT1U+XXXXX

あU+3042

安

U+5B89HENTAIGANA LETTER A VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

あU+3042

惡

U+60E1HENTAIGANA LETTER A VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

あU+3042

愛

U+611BHENTAIGANA LETTER A VARIANT4U+XXXXX

あU+3042

阿U+963FHENTAIGANA LETTER I VARIANT1U+XXXXXいU+3044以

U+4EE5HENTAIGANA LETTER I VARIANT2

U+XXXXXいU+3044

伊U+4F0AHENTAIGANA LETTER I VARIANT3

U+XXXXXいU+3044意U+610FHENTAIGANA LETTER I VARIANT4U+XXXXXいU+3044

移U+79FBHENTAIGANA LETTER U VARIANT1U+XXXXXうU+3046宇

U+5B87HENTAIGANA LETTER U VARIANT2

U+XXXXXうU+3046宇

U+5B87HENTAIGANA LETTER U VARIANT3

U+XXXXXうU+3046

憂

U+6182HENTAIGANA LETTER U VARIANT4U+XXXXXうU+3046

有U+6709HENTAIGANA LETTER U VARIANT5U+XXXXXうU+3046雲

U+96F2HENTAIGANA LETTER E VARIANT1U+XXXXX

えU+3048江

U+6C5FHENTAIGANA LETTER E VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

えU+3048

盈

U+76C8HENTAIGANA LETTER E VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

えU+3048

縁U+7E01HENTAIGANA LETTER E VARIANT4U+XXXXX

えU+3048

衣

U+8863HENTAIGANA LETTER E VARIANT5U+XXXXX

えU+3048

衣

U+8863HENTAIGANA LETTER E VARIANT6

U+XXXXX

えU+3048

要

U+8981HENTAIGANA LETTER O VARIANT1U+XXXXX

おU+304A於

U+65BCHENTAIGANA LETTER O VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

おU+304A於

U+65BCHENTAIGANA LETTER O VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

おU+304A隱

U+96B1HENTAIGANA LETTER KA VARIANT1U+XXXXXかU+304B佳

U+4F73HENTAIGANA LETTER KA VARIANT2

U+XXXXXかU+304B加

U+52A0HENTAIGANA LETTER KA VARIANT3

U+XXXXXかU+304B可U+53EFHENTAIGANA LETTER KA VARIANT4U+XXXXXかU+304B可U+53EFHENTAIGANA LETTER KA VARIANT5U+XXXXXかU+304B嘉

U+5609HENTAIGANA LETTER KA VARIANT6

U+XXXXXかU+304B家

U+5BB6HENTAIGANA LETTER KA VARIANT7

U+XXXXXかU+304B我

U+6211HENTAIGANA repertory

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40
41
42
43
44
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52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

󻀭
󻀮
󻀯
󻀰
󻀱
󻀲
󻀳
󻀴
󻀵
󻀶
󻀷
󻀸
󻀹
󻀺
󻀻
󻀼
󻀽
󻀾
󻀿
󻁀
󻁁
󻁂
󻁃
󻀫
󻁅
󻁆
󻁇
󻁈
󻁉
󻁊
󻁋

HENTAIGANA LETTER KA VARIANT8U+XXXXXかU+304B歟

U+6B5FHENTAIGANA LETTER KA VARIANT9U+XXXXXかU+304B賀U+8CC0HENTAIGANA LETTER KA VARIANT10

U+XXXXXかU+304B閑

U+9591HENTAIGANA LETTER KA VARIANT11

U+XXXXXかU+304B香

U+9999HENTAIGANA LETTER KA VARIANT12

U+XXXXXかU+304B駕

U+99D5HENTAIGANA LETTER KI VARIANT1U+XXXXXき

U+304D喜

U+559CHENTAIGANA LETTER KI VARIANT2

U+XXXXXき

U+304D幾

U+5E7EHENTAIGANA LETTER KI VARIANT3

U+XXXXXき

U+304D幾

U+5E7EHENTAIGANA LETTER KI VARIANT4U+XXXXXき

U+304D支

U+652FHENTAIGANA LETTER KI VARIANT5U+XXXXXき

U+304D期

U+671FHENTAIGANA LETTER KI VARIANT6

U+XXXXXき

U+304D木

U+6728HENTAIGANA LETTER KI VARIANT7

U+XXXXXき

U+304D祈

U+7948HENTAIGANA LETTER KI VARIANT8U+XXXXXき

U+304D貴

U+8CB4HENTAIGANA LETTER KI VARIANT9U+XXXXXき

U+304D起

U+8D77HENTAIGANA LETTER KU VARIANT1U+XXXXX

く

U+304F久

U+4E45HENTAIGANA LETTER KU VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

く

U+304F久

U+4E45HENTAIGANA LETTER KU VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

く

U+304F九

U+4E5DHENTAIGANA LETTER KU VARIANT4U+XXXXX

く

U+304F

供

U+4F9BHENTAIGANA LETTER KU VARIANT5U+XXXXX

く

U+304F倶

U+5036HENTAIGANA LETTER KU VARIANT6

U+XXXXX

く

U+304F具

U+5177HENTAIGANA LETTER KU VARIANT7

U+XXXXX

く

U+304F

求

U+6C42HENTAIGANA LETTER KE VARIANT1U+XXXXX

け

U+3051介

U+4ECBHENTAIGANA LETTER KE VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

け

U+3051介

U+4ECBHENTAIGANA LETTER KE VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

け

U+3051

家

U+5BB6HENTAIGANA LETTER KE VARIANT4U+XXXXX

け

U+3051

希U+5E0CHENTAIGANA LETTER KE VARIANT5U+XXXXX

け

U+3051

氣

U+6C23HENTAIGANA LETTER KE VARIANT6

U+XXXXX

け

U+3051

計

U+8A08HENTAIGANA LETTER KE VARIANT7

U+XXXXX

け

U+3051遣

U+9063HENTAIGANA LETTER KO VARIANT1U+XXXXXこU+3053

古

U+53E4HENTAIGANA LETTER KO VARIANT2

U+XXXXXこU+3053子

U+5B50HENTAIGANA LETTER KO VARIANT3

U+XXXXXこU+3053

故U+6545HENTAIGANA repertory

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󻀶
󻁍
󻁎
󻁏
󻁐
󻁑
󻁒
󻁓
󻁔
󻁕
󻁖
󻁗
󻁘
󻁙
󻁚
󻁛
󻁜
󻁝
󻁞
󻁟
󻁠
󻁡
󻁢
󻁣
󻁤
󻁥
󻁦
󻁧
󻁨
󻁩
󻁪

HENTAIGANA LETTER KO VARIANT4U+XXXXXこU+3053

期

U+671FHENTAIGANA LETTER KO VARIANT5U+XXXXXこU+3053

許U+8A31HENTAIGANA LETTER SA VARIANT1U+XXXXXさ

U+3055

乍

U+4E4DHENTAIGANA LETTER SA VARIANT2

U+XXXXXさ

U+3055

佐

U+4F50HENTAIGANA LETTER SA VARIANT3

U+XXXXXさ

U+3055

佐

U+4F50HENTAIGANA LETTER SA VARIANT4U+XXXXXさ

U+3055左U+5DE6HENTAIGANA LETTER SA VARIANT5U+XXXXXさ

U+3055差

U+5DEEHENTAIGANA LETTER SA VARIANT6

U+XXXXXさ

U+3055

散U+6563HENTAIGANA LETTER SA VARIANT7

U+XXXXXさ

U+3055

斜U+659CHENTAIGANA LETTER SA VARIANT8U+XXXXXさ

U+3055

沙U+6C99HENTAIGANA LETTER SI VARIANT1U+XXXXXし

U+3057之U+4E4BHENTAIGANA LETTER SI VARIANT2

U+XXXXXし

U+3057之U+4E4BHENTAIGANA LETTER SI VARIANT3

U+XXXXXし

U+3057

事

U+4E8BHENTAIGANA LETTER SI VARIANT4U+XXXXXし

U+3057

四

U+56DBHENTAIGANA LETTER SI VARIANT5U+XXXXXし

U+3057

志

U+5FD7HENTAIGANA LETTER SI VARIANT6

U+XXXXXし

U+3057

新U+65B0HENTAIGANA LETTER SU VARIANT1U+XXXXX

すU+3059受

U+53D7HENTAIGANA LETTER SU VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

すU+3059

壽

U+58FDHENTAIGANA LETTER SU VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

すU+3059數

U+6578HENTAIGANA LETTER SU VARIANT4U+XXXXX

すU+3059數

U+6578HENTAIGANA LETTER SU VARIANT5U+XXXXX

すU+3059春

U+6625HENTAIGANA LETTER SU VARIANT6

U+XXXXX

すU+3059春

U+6625HENTAIGANA LETTER SU VARIANT7

U+XXXXX

すU+3059須

U+9808HENTAIGANA LETTER SU VARIANT8U+XXXXX

すU+3059須

U+9808HENTAIGANA LETTER SE VARIANT1U+XXXXX

せU+305B世

U+4E16HENTAIGANA LETTER SE VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

せU+305B世

U+4E16HENTAIGANA LETTER SE VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

せU+305B世

U+4E16HENTAIGANA LETTER SE VARIANT4U+XXXXX

せU+305B勢

U+52E2HENTAIGANA LETTER SE VARIANT5U+XXXXX

せU+305B聲

U+8072HENTAIGANA LETTER SO VARIANT1U+XXXXX

そU+305D所

U+6240HENTAIGANA LETTER SO VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

そU+305D所

U+6240HENTAIGANA repertory

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114
115
116
117
118
119
120
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󻁫
󻁬
󻁭
󻁮
󻁯
󻁰
󻁱
󻁲
󻁳
󻁴
󻁵
󻁶
󻁷
󻁸
󻁹
󻁺
󻁻
󻁼
󻁽
󻁾
󻁿
󻂀
󻂁
󻂂
󻂃
󻂄
󻂅
󻂆
󻂇
󻂈
󻂉

HENTAIGANA LETTER SO VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

そU+305D曾

U+66FEHENTAIGANA LETTER SO VARIANT4U+XXXXX

そU+305D曾

U+66FEHENTAIGANA LETTER SO VARIANT5U+XXXXX

そU+305D楚

U+695AHENTAIGANA LETTER SO VARIANT6

U+XXXXX

そU+305D蘇U+8607HENTAIGANA LETTER SO VARIANT7

U+XXXXX

そU+305D處

U+8655HENTAIGANA LETTER TA VARIANT1U+XXXXXた

U+305F堂

U+5802HENTAIGANA LETTER TA VARIANT2

U+XXXXXた

U+305F多

U+591AHENTAIGANA LETTER TA VARIANT3

U+XXXXXた

U+305F多

U+591AHENTAIGANA LETTER TA VARIANT4U+XXXXXた

U+305F當

U+7576HENTAIGANA LETTER TI VARIANT1U+XXXXX

ち

U+3061

千U+5343HENTAIGANA LETTER TI VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

ち

U+3061

地

U+5730HENTAIGANA LETTER TI VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

ち

U+3061

智U+667AHENTAIGANA LETTER TI VARIANT4U+XXXXX

ち

U+3061

知

U+77E5HENTAIGANA LETTER TI VARIANT5U+XXXXX

ち

U+3061

知

U+77E5HENTAIGANA LETTER TI VARIANT6

U+XXXXX

ち

U+3061致

U+81F4HENTAIGANA LETTER TI VARIANT7

U+XXXXX

ち

U+3061

遲

U+9072HENTAIGANA LETTER TU VARIANT1U+XXXXX

つU+3064川

U+5DDDHENTAIGANA LETTER TU VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

つU+3064川

U+5DDDHENTAIGANA LETTER TU VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

つU+3064徒

U+5F92HENTAIGANA LETTER TU VARIANT4U+XXXXX

つU+3064

津

U+6D25HENTAIGANA LETTER TU VARIANT5U+XXXXX

つU+3064

都

U+90FDHENTAIGANA LETTER TE VARIANT1U+XXXXXて

U+3066亭

U+4EADHENTAIGANA LETTER TE VARIANT2

U+XXXXXて

U+3066

低U+4F4EHENTAIGANA LETTER TE VARIANT3

U+XXXXXて

U+3066

傳

U+50B3HENTAIGANA LETTER TE VARIANT4U+XXXXXて

U+3066

天

U+5929HENTAIGANA LETTER TE VARIANT5U+XXXXXて

U+3066

天

U+5929HENTAIGANA LETTER TE VARIANT6

U+XXXXXて

U+3066

天

U+5929HENTAIGANA LETTER TE VARIANT7

U+XXXXXて

U+3066

帝

U+5E1DHENTAIGANA LETTER TE VARIANT8U+XXXXXて

U+3066

弖

U+5F16HENTAIGANA LETTER TE VARIANT9U+XXXXXて

U+3066

而

U+800CHENTAIGANA LETTER TE VARIANT10

U+XXXXXて

U+3066

轉

U+8F49HENTAIGANA repertory

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󻂊
󻂋
󻁽
󻂍
󻂎
󻂏
󻂐
󻂑
󻂒
󻂓
󻂔
󻂕
󻂖
󻂗
󻂘
󻂙
󻂚
󻂛
󻂜
󻂝
󻂞
󻂟
󻂠
󻂈
󻂢
󻂣
󻂤
󻂥
󻁊
󻂧
󻂨

HENTAIGANA LETTER TO VARIANT1U+XXXXXとU+3068

土

U+571FHENTAIGANA LETTER TO VARIANT2

U+XXXXXとU+3068度

U+5EA6HENTAIGANA LETTER TO VARIANT3

U+XXXXXとU+3068徒

U+5F92HENTAIGANA LETTER TO VARIANT4U+XXXXXとU+3068

東U+6771HENTAIGANA LETTER TO VARIANT5U+XXXXXとU+3068

登U+767BHENTAIGANA LETTER TO VARIANT6

U+XXXXXとU+3068

登U+767BHENTAIGANA LETTER TO VARIANT7

U+XXXXXとU+3068

砥

U+7825HENTAIGANA LETTER TO VARIANT8U+XXXXXとU+3068

等

U+7B49HENTAIGANA LETTER NA VARIANT1U+XXXXXな

U+306A南

U+5357HENTAIGANA LETTER NA VARIANT2

U+XXXXXな

U+306A

名

U+540DHENTAIGANA LETTER NA VARIANT3

U+XXXXXな

U+306A

奈

U+5948HENTAIGANA LETTER NA VARIANT4U+XXXXXな

U+306A

奈

U+5948HENTAIGANA LETTER NA VARIANT5U+XXXXXな

U+306A

奈

U+5948HENTAIGANA LETTER NA VARIANT6

U+XXXXXな

U+306A菜

U+83DCHENTAIGANA LETTER NA VARIANT7

U+XXXXXな

U+306A那

U+90A3HENTAIGANA LETTER NA VARIANT8U+XXXXXな

U+306A那

U+90A3HENTAIGANA LETTER NA VARIANT9U+XXXXXな

U+306A

難

U+96E3HENTAIGANA LETTER NI VARIANT1U+XXXXXに

U+306B丹

U+4E39HENTAIGANA LETTER NI VARIANT2

U+XXXXXに

U+306B

二

U+4E8CHENTAIGANA LETTER NI VARIANT3

U+XXXXXに

U+306B仁

U+4EC1HENTAIGANA LETTER NI VARIANT4U+XXXXXに

U+306B兒

U+5152HENTAIGANA LETTER NI VARIANT5U+XXXXXに

U+306B爾

U+723EHENTAIGANA LETTER NI VARIANT6

U+XXXXXに

U+306B爾

U+723EHENTAIGANA LETTER NI VARIANT7

U+XXXXXに

U+306B而

U+800CHENTAIGANA LETTER NI VARIANT8U+XXXXXに

U+306B耳

U+8033HENTAIGANA LETTER NU VARIANT1U+XXXXX

ぬ

U+306C努

U+52AAHENTAIGANA LETTER NU VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

ぬ

U+306C奴

U+5974HENTAIGANA LETTER NU VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

ぬ

U+306C怒

U+6012HENTAIGANA LETTER NE VARIANT1U+XXXXXね

U+306D子

U+5B50HENTAIGANA LETTER NE VARIANT2

U+XXXXXね

U+306D年

U+5E74HENTAIGANA LETTER NE VARIANT3

U+XXXXXね

U+306D年

U+5E74HENTAIGANA repertory

5/10

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󻂩
󻂪
󻂫
󻂬
󻂭
󻂮
󻂯
󻂰
󻂱
󻂲
󻂳
󻂴
󻂵
󻂶
󻂷
󻂸
󻂹
󻂺
󻂻
󻂼
󻂽
󻂾
󻂿
󻃀
󻃁
󻃂
󻃃
󻃄
󻃅
󻃆
󻃇

HENTAIGANA LETTER NE VARIANT4U+XXXXXね

U+306D年

U+5E74HENTAIGANA LETTER NE VARIANT5U+XXXXXね

U+306D根

U+6839HENTAIGANA LETTER NE VARIANT6

U+XXXXXね

U+306D熱

U+71B1HENTAIGANA LETTER NE VARIANT7

U+XXXXXね

U+306D

禰

U+79B0HENTAIGANA LETTER NO VARIANT1U+XXXXXのU+306E乃

U+4E43HENTAIGANA LETTER NO VARIANT2

U+XXXXXのU+306E

濃

U+6FC3HENTAIGANA LETTER NO VARIANT3

U+XXXXXのU+306E

能U+80FDHENTAIGANA LETTER NO VARIANT4U+XXXXXのU+306E

能U+80FDHENTAIGANA LETTER NO VARIANT5U+XXXXXのU+306E

農

U+8FB2HENTAIGANA LETTER HA VARIANT1U+XXXXX

は

U+306F八

U+516BHENTAIGANA LETTER HA VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

は

U+306F半

U+534AHENTAIGANA LETTER HA VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

は

U+306F

婆U+5A46HENTAIGANA LETTER HA VARIANT4U+XXXXX

は

U+306F波

U+6CE2HENTAIGANA LETTER HA VARIANT5U+XXXXX

は

U+306F

盤

U+76E4HENTAIGANA LETTER HA VARIANT6

U+XXXXX

は

U+306F

盤

U+76E4HENTAIGANA LETTER HA VARIANT7

U+XXXXX

は

U+306F破U+7834HENTAIGANA LETTER HA VARIANT8U+XXXXX

は

U+306F

者

U+8005HENTAIGANA LETTER HA VARIANT9U+XXXXX

は

U+306F

者

U+8005HENTAIGANA LETTER HA VARIANT10

U+XXXXX

は

U+306F葉

U+8449HENTAIGANA LETTER HA VARIANT11

U+XXXXX

は

U+306F頗

U+9817HENTAIGANA LETTER HI VARIANT1U+XXXXXひU+3072悲

U+60B2HENTAIGANA LETTER HI VARIANT2

U+XXXXXひU+3072

日

U+65E5HENTAIGANA LETTER HI VARIANT3

U+XXXXXひU+3072比

U+6BD4HENTAIGANA LETTER HI VARIANT4U+XXXXXひU+3072

避

U+907FHENTAIGANA LETTER HI VARIANT5U+XXXXXひU+3072

非U+975EHENTAIGANA LETTER HI VARIANT6

U+XXXXXひU+3072

飛

U+98DBHENTAIGANA LETTER HI VARIANT7

U+XXXXXひU+3072

飛

U+98DBHENTAIGANA LETTER HU VARIANT1U+XXXXXふU+3075

不U+4E0DHENTAIGANA LETTER HU VARIANT2

U+XXXXXふU+3075

婦U+5A66HENTAIGANA LETTER HU VARIANT3

U+XXXXXふU+3075布

U+5E03HENTAIGANA LETTER HE VARIANT1U+XXXXXへ

U+3078倍U+500DHENTAIGANA repertory

6/10

185
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󻃈
󻃉
󻃊
󻃋
󻃌
󻃍
󻃎
󻃏
󻃐
󻃑
󻃒
󻃓
󻃔
󻃕
󻃖
󻃗
󻃘
󻃙
󻃚
󻃛
󻃜
󻃝
󻃞
󻃟
󻃠
󻃡
󻃢
󻃣
󻃤
󻃥
󻃦

HENTAIGANA LETTER HE VARIANT2

U+XXXXXへ

U+3078弊

U+5F0AHENTAIGANA LETTER HE VARIANT3

U+XXXXXへ

U+3078弊

U+5F0AHENTAIGANA LETTER HE VARIANT4U+XXXXXへ

U+3078遍

U+904DHENTAIGANA LETTER HE VARIANT5U+XXXXXへ

U+3078

邊

U+908AHENTAIGANA LETTER HE VARIANT6

U+XXXXXへ

U+3078

邊

U+908AHENTAIGANA LETTER HE VARIANT7

U+XXXXXへ

U+3078

部

U+90E8HENTAIGANA LETTER HO VARIANT1U+XXXXXほU+307B保

U+4FDDHENTAIGANA LETTER HO VARIANT2

U+XXXXXほU+307B保

U+4FDDHENTAIGANA LETTER HO VARIANT3

U+XXXXXほU+307B報

U+5831HENTAIGANA LETTER HO VARIANT4U+XXXXXほU+307B奉

U+5949HENTAIGANA LETTER HO VARIANT5U+XXXXXほU+307B寶

U+5BF6HENTAIGANA LETTER HO VARIANT6

U+XXXXXほU+307B

本

U+672CHENTAIGANA LETTER HO VARIANT7

U+XXXXXほU+307B

本

U+672CHENTAIGANA LETTER HO VARIANT8U+XXXXXほU+307B豊

U+8C4AHENTAIGANA LETTER MA VARIANT1U+XXXXX

まU+307E万

U+4E07HENTAIGANA LETTER MA VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

まU+307E

末

U+672BHENTAIGANA LETTER MA VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

まU+307E

末

U+672BHENTAIGANA LETTER MA VARIANT4U+XXXXX

まU+307E滿

U+6EFFHENTAIGANA LETTER MA VARIANT5U+XXXXX

まU+307E滿

U+6EFFHENTAIGANA LETTER MA VARIANT6

U+XXXXX

まU+307E萬

U+842CHENTAIGANA LETTER MA VARIANT7

U+XXXXX

まU+307E

馬

U+99ACHENTAIGANA LETTER MA VARIANT8U+XXXXX

まU+307E麻U+9EBBHENTAIGANA LETTER MI VARIANT1U+XXXXXみU+307F三

U+4E09HENTAIGANA LETTER MI VARIANT2

U+XXXXXみU+307F微

U+5FAEHENTAIGANA LETTER MI VARIANT3

U+XXXXXみU+307F

美U+7F8EHENTAIGANA LETTER MI VARIANT4U+XXXXXみU+307F

美U+7F8EHENTAIGANA LETTER MI VARIANT5U+XXXXXみU+307F

美U+7F8EHENTAIGANA LETTER MI VARIANT6

U+XXXXXみU+307F見

U+898BHENTAIGANA LETTER MI VARIANT7

U+XXXXXみU+307F身

U+8EABHENTAIGANA LETTER MU VARIANT1U+XXXXXむ

U+3080无

U+65E0HENTAIGANA LETTER MU VARIANT2

U+XXXXXむ

U+3080无

U+65E0HENTAIGANA repertory

7/10

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󻃧
󻃨
󻃩
󻃪
󻃫
󻃬
󻃜
󻃦
󻃥
󻃰
󻃱
󻃲
󻃳
󻃴
󻃵
󻃶
󻃷
󻃸
󻃹
󻃺
󻃻
󻃼
󻃽
󻃾
󻃿
󻄀
󻄁
󻃸
󻄃
󻄄
󻄅

HENTAIGANA LETTER MU VARIANT3

U+XXXXXむ

U+3080

武

U+6B66HENTAIGANA LETTER MU VARIANT4U+XXXXXむ

U+3080

無U+7121HENTAIGANA LETTER MU VARIANT5U+XXXXXむ

U+3080牟

U+725FHENTAIGANA LETTER MU VARIANT6

U+XXXXXむ

U+3080舞

U+821EHENTAIGANA LETTER ME VARIANT1U+XXXXX

め

U+3081

免

U+514DHENTAIGANA LETTER ME VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

め

U+3081面

U+9762HENTAIGANA LETTER ME VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

め

U+3081

馬

U+99ACHENTAIGANA LETTER MO VARIANT1U+XXXXX

もU+3082

无

U+65E0HENTAIGANA LETTER MO VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

もU+3082

无

U+65E0HENTAIGANA LETTER MO VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

もU+3082

母

U+6BCDHENTAIGANA LETTER MO VARIANT4U+XXXXX

もU+3082

毛

U+6BDBHENTAIGANA LETTER MO VARIANT5U+XXXXX

もU+3082

毛

U+6BDBHENTAIGANA LETTER MO VARIANT6

U+XXXXX

もU+3082

毛

U+6BDBHENTAIGANA LETTER MO VARIANT7

U+XXXXX

もU+3082

茂

U+8302HENTAIGANA LETTER MO VARIANT8U+XXXXX

もU+3082

裳

U+88F3HENTAIGANA LETTER YA VARIANT1U+XXXXXや

U+3084也

U+4E5FHENTAIGANA LETTER YA VARIANT2

U+XXXXXや

U+3084也

U+4E5FHENTAIGANA LETTER YA VARIANT3

U+XXXXXや

U+3084

夜

U+591CHENTAIGANA LETTER YA VARIANT4U+XXXXXや

U+3084屋

U+5C4BHENTAIGANA LETTER YA VARIANT5U+XXXXXや

U+3084

耶

U+8036HENTAIGANA LETTER YA VARIANT6

U+XXXXXや

U+3084

耶

U+8036HENTAIGANA LETTER YU VARIANT1U+XXXXX

ゆU+3086游

U+6E38HENTAIGANA LETTER YU VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

ゆU+3086

由U+7531HENTAIGANA LETTER YU VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

ゆU+3086

由U+7531HENTAIGANA LETTER YU VARIANT4U+XXXXX

ゆU+3086

遊

U+904AHENTAIGANA LETTER YO VARIANT1U+XXXXXよU+3088代

U+4EE3HENTAIGANA LETTER YO VARIANT2

U+XXXXXよU+3088

余

U+4F59HENTAIGANA LETTER YO VARIANT3

U+XXXXXよU+3088

夜

U+591CHENTAIGANA LETTER YO VARIANT4U+XXXXXよU+3088

與

U+8207HENTAIGANA LETTER YO VARIANT5U+XXXXXよU+3088

與

U+8207HENTAIGANA LETTER YO VARIANT6

U+XXXXXよU+3088

與

U+8207HENTAIGANA repertory

8/10

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󻄆
󻂑
󻄈
󻄉
󻄊
󻄋
󻄌
󻄍
󻄎
󻄏
󻄐
󻄑
󻄒
󻄓
󻄔
󻄕
󻄖
󻄗
󻄘
󻄙
󻄚
󻄛
󻄜
󻄝
󻄞
󻄟
󻄠
󻄡
󻄢
󻄣
󻄤

HENTAIGANA LETTER YO VARIANT7

U+XXXXXよU+3088

餘

U+9918HENTAIGANA LETTER RA VARIANT1U+XXXXXら

U+3089

等

U+7B49HENTAIGANA LETTER RA VARIANT2

U+XXXXXら

U+3089羅

U+7F85HENTAIGANA LETTER RA VARIANT3

U+XXXXXら

U+3089

良

U+826FHENTAIGANA LETTER RA VARIANT4U+XXXXXら

U+3089

良

U+826FHENTAIGANA LETTER RA VARIANT5U+XXXXXら

U+3089

良

U+826FHENTAIGANA LETTER RI VARIANT1U+XXXXX

り

U+308A利

U+5229HENTAIGANA LETTER RI VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

り

U+308A利

U+5229HENTAIGANA LETTER RI VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

り

U+308A李

U+674EHENTAIGANA LETTER RI VARIANT4U+XXXXX

り

U+308A梨

U+68A8HENTAIGANA LETTER RI VARIANT5U+XXXXX

り

U+308A理

U+7406HENTAIGANA LETTER RI VARIANT6

U+XXXXX

り

U+308A里

U+91CCHENTAIGANA LETTER RI VARIANT7

U+XXXXX

り

U+308A離U+96E2HENTAIGANA LETTER RU VARIANT1U+XXXXXる

U+308B流

U+6D41HENTAIGANA LETTER RU VARIANT2

U+XXXXXる

U+308B留

U+7559HENTAIGANA LETTER RU VARIANT3

U+XXXXXる

U+308B留

U+7559HENTAIGANA LETTER RU VARIANT4U+XXXXXる

U+308B留

U+7559HENTAIGANA LETTER RU VARIANT5U+XXXXXる

U+308B累

U+7D2FHENTAIGANA LETTER RU VARIANT6

U+XXXXXる

U+308B類

U+985EHENTAIGANA LETTER RE VARIANT1U+XXXXX

れ

U+308C禮

U+79AEHENTAIGANA LETTER RE VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

れ

U+308C禮

U+79AEHENTAIGANA LETTER RE VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

れ

U+308C連

U+9023HENTAIGANA LETTER RE VARIANT4U+XXXXX

れ

U+308C麗

U+9E97HENTAIGANA LETTER RO VARIANT1U+XXXXX

ろU+308D呂U+5442HENTAIGANA LETTER RO VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

ろU+308D呂U+5442HENTAIGANA LETTER RO VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

ろU+308D婁

U+5A41HENTAIGANA LETTER RO VARIANT4U+XXXXX

ろU+308D樓

U+6A13HENTAIGANA LETTER RO VARIANT5U+XXXXX

ろU+308D路

U+8DEFHENTAIGANA LETTER RO VARIANT6

U+XXXXX

ろU+308D露U+9732HENTAIGANA LETTER WA VARIANT1U+XXXXX

わ

U+308F倭

U+502DHENTAIGANA LETTER WA VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

わ

U+308F和

U+548CHENTAIGANA repertory

9/10

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󻄥
󻄦
󻄧
󻄨
󻄩
󻄪
󻄫
󻄬
󻄭
󻄮
󻄯
󻄰
󻄱
󻄲
󻄳
󻀑
󻄵
󻄶
󻄷
󻄸
󻃥
󻃦

HENTAIGANA LETTER WA VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

わ

U+308F和

U+548CHENTAIGANA LETTER WA VARIANT4U+XXXXX

わ

U+308F王

U+738BHENTAIGANA LETTER WA VARIANT5U+XXXXX

わ

U+308F王

U+738BHENTAIGANA LETTER WI VARIANT1U+XXXXX

ゐU+3090井U+4E95HENTAIGANA LETTER WI VARIANT2

U+XXXXX

ゐU+3090井U+4E95HENTAIGANA LETTER WI VARIANT3

U+XXXXX

ゐU+3090居

U+5C45HENTAIGANA LETTER WI VARIANT4U+XXXXX

ゐU+3090爲

U+7232HENTAIGANA LETTER WI VARIANT5U+XXXXX

ゐU+3090

遺U+907AHENTAIGANA LETTER WE VARIANT1U+XXXXXゑ

U+3091

惠

U+60E0HENTAIGANA LETTER WE VARIANT2

U+XXXXXゑ

U+3091

衞

U+885EHENTAIGANA LETTER WE VARIANT3

U+XXXXXゑ

U+3091

衞

U+885EHENTAIGANA LETTER WE VARIANT4U+XXXXXゑ

U+3091

衞

U+885EHENTAIGANA LETTER WO VARIANT1U+XXXXXを

U+3092

乎

U+4E4EHENTAIGANA LETTER WO VARIANT2

U+XXXXXを

U+3092

乎

U+4E4EHENTAIGANA LETTER WO VARIANT3

U+XXXXXを

U+3092尾U+5C3EHENTAIGANA LETTER WO VARIANT4U+XXXXXを

U+3092

惡

U+60E1HENTAIGANA LETTER WO VARIANT5U+XXXXXを

U+3092

緒

U+7DD2HENTAIGANA LETTER WO VARIANT6

U+XXXXXを

U+3092

越

U+8D8AHENTAIGANA LETTER WO VARIANT7

U+XXXXXを

U+3092

遠

U+9060HENTAIGANA LETTER WO VARIANT8U+XXXXXを

U+3092

遠

U+9060HENTAIGANA LETTER N VARIANT1U+XXXXXん

U+3093

无

U+65E0HENTAIGANA LETTER N VARIANT2

U+XXXXXん

U+3093

无

U+65E0HENTAIGANA repertory

10/10