【ノート】

෌タィࡉࢀࡿ UHGHVLJQHG 6$7 ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚̿ᨵゞࡢពᅗ࡜⫼ᬒ̿̿▼ᒸᜏ᠇㸦኱Ꮫධヨࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ኱Ꮫ࡟ධᏛࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢඹ㏻ヨ㦂ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ SAT ࡀ 2016 ᖺ᫓࠿ࡽᨵゞࡉࢀࡿࠋ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࣮࣎ࢻ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ୺ࡓࡿኚ᭦Ⅼࡣ㸶ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪  㞴ゎㄒᙡࡢ▱㆑ࢆせồࡍࡿၥ㢟ࢆṆࡵࡿࡇ࡜㸪   㸱ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥࡢ  Ⅼ‶Ⅼ࠿ࡽ㸰ࢭࢵࢩࣙࣥ  Ⅼ‶Ⅼ࡟ࡋ㸪ᩘᏛࡢẚ⋡ࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ቑ኱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸪  ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࡀᚲ㡲࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾ࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜㸪  ᛮ⪃ࡢ㐣⛬ࡸゎ⟅࡬ࡢ᰿ᣐࡢᥦ♧ࡀヨࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜㸪  ᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿ㈨ᩱࡢ୍㒊ࡣ⡿ᅜᘓᅜᩥ᭩ࡸ᭷ྡ࡞₇ㄝ࠿ࡽฟ㢟ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᨵゞࡢពᅗ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢᡂຌ࡬ࡢண ጇᙜᛶࢆಖࡕࡘࡘ㧗ᰯࡢᒚಟࢆ཯ᫎࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡟෌タィࡋࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࣮࣎ࢻ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࡇࢀࡽࡢኚ᭦ࡣከࡃࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᨵゞෆᐜࡢከࡃࡣࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢඹ㏻ヨ㦂࡛࠶ࡿ ACT ࡬ࡢ㏣㝶࡜࡜ࡽ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

෌タィࡉࢀࡓSAT࡛ࡣ㸪㛵㐃 (relevant)㸯 ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࣮࣎ࢻࡀ୺ദࡍࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝኱Ꮫࡍࡿㄒᙡࢆ㐺ษ࡟㑅ᢥ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ධᏛࡢࡓࡵࡢඹ㏻ヨ㦂࡛࠶ࡿ SAT ࡣ㸪ᴫࡡࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ༢ㄒࡢព࿡ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ༢ㄒࢆ࡝

10 ᖺ࠾ࡁ࡟ᨵゞࡉࢀ㸪ḟᅇࡢᨵゞࡣ 2016 ᖺࡢࡼ࠺࡟౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ኚࢃࡿࠋᏛ㸱᭶࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࡑࡢኚ᭦Ⅼࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ⏕ࡣㄞࢇ࡛࠸ࡿᩥ❶ࡢࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᨵゞࡢពᅗ࡜⫼ᬒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡍࡿࠋ࡚ゝⴥࡢព࿡ࢆゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡢᨵゞ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᮏ✏ࡀห⾜ࡉࢀࡿ㡭࡟ࡇࡢ⬟ຊࡣᏛ⏕᫬௦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡢᚋࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃከࡃࡢᩘࡢグ஦ࡸㄽᩥࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ㸪ࡢ♫఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㐺ษ࡞ㄒࢆ㑅ࡲࡓࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡀฟࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡪ⬟ຊࢆၥ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦᪉ἲࡶኚࢃᮏ✏࡛ࡣྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾ㸪୍ḟ㈨ᩱ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ

ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋ㞴ࡋ࠸༢ㄒࢆࡸࡳࡃࡶ࡟ぬࡢ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࣮࣎ࢻ࠿ࡽฟࡉࢀࡓᩥ⊩ࢆㄪᰝࡋ㸪࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ὀព῝࠸ㄞゎࡇࡑࡀᤵᴗ࡛

ᙼࡽࡀ୺ᙇࡍࡿほⅬࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅṇ☜࡟㸪࠿ࡣ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇ㝿࡟౛㢟࡜ࡋ࡚♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿၥ㢟ࡣ㸪௨ࡘヲ⣽࡟㸪ᨵゞࡢ඲ㇺࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟␃ពࡋࡓ㸦㸰⠇㸧ࠋࡲࡓࡑࡢୖ࡛㸪௒ᅇࡢᨵゞ࡟ࡘୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥ❶࠸࡚㸪୺ദ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࣮࣎ࢻ࡜㸪฼⏝[. . .] The coming decades will likely see⪅ࡢ❧ሙഃ࡛࠶ࡿࣉࣜࣥࢫࢺ࣭ࣥࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ♫more intense clustering of jobs, innovation,

࠿ࡽࡢホ౯ࢆᥖ㍕ࡋࡓ㸦㸱⠇㸧ࠋ௒ᅇࡢᨵゞࡢand productivity in a smaller number of┠ᣦࡍ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜࡜ࡑࡢᐇ㝿ࢆ㸪࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅබ

bigger cities and city-regions. Some regionsᖹ࡞┠࡛ㄞ⪅⮬㌟ࡀホ౯ุ࣭᩿࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞

could end up bloated beyond the capacity of㈨ᩱ࡟࡞ࢀࡤ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ

their infrastructure, while others struggle,

their promise stymied by inadequate㸰 ᪂ࡋ࠸㹑㸿㹒ࡢ୺せ࡞ኚ᭦Ⅼ

human or other resources.
ࢆ୚࠼࡚㸪ᩥ୰࡟࠶ࡿ“iintense”ࡢព࿡ࡀ᭱ࡶ

࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࣮࣎ࢻ(2015a)࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪୺せ࡞ኚ
᭦Ⅼࡣ௨ୗࡢ㸶ࡘࡔ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

㏆࠸ࡶࡢࢆ௨ୗࡢ㸲ࡘ㸦㸯㸧ࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺෆࡢ㐺ษ࡞༢ㄒ㑅ᢥ:‫ ڦ‬emotional ‫ ڦ‬concentrated㸦ṇゎ㸧‫ ڦ‬brilliant  ‫ ڦ‬determined- 163 -

大学入試研究ジャーナル第 26 号

ࡢ୰࠿ࡽ㑅ࡪࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣ࠾ࡼࡧᩥయ࡜ㄝᚓຊࡢ࠶ࡿせ⣲ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࣃࢵ

intenseࡣemotional࡟㏆࠸ព࿡࡛ࡋࡤࡋࡤ⏝ࢭ࣮ࢪࡢഃ㠃ࢆᚲせ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ศᯒࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ

࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓ⣲ᮦࡢᩥ⬦࡛ࡣࢱࢫࢡࡣ㸪኱Ꮫࡢࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡢᐟ㢟࡟ࡁࢃ

concentratedࡀṇゎ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡵ࡚㏆࠸ࡶࡢࡔ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪂ࡋ࠸࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜㸦㸰㸧ドᣐࡢᥦ♧㸸ドᣐ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓㄞゎ࡜ࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ

࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪㧗ᰯࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣ㸪ὀព῝࠸ㄞ(Evidence-Based Reading and Writing)ࢭࢡ

ゎ࡜ศᯒ࠾ࡼࡧ᫂☜࡞సᩥ⬟ຊࢆ㣴࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࢩࣙࣥ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪࡞ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᏛ⏕ࡣ࡞ࡐࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゎ㔘࣭᥎ㄽࡋࡓ࠿ࢆ㸪࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࣉࣟࣥࣉࢺ㸦ᣦ♧ᩥ㸧ࡣ㸪஦๓࡟ᗈ࠸⠊ᅖࡢ᝟ሗ※ࡢ୰࠿ࡽぢࡘࡅࡓドᣐࡢᥦ୚࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᥦ♧ࡉࢀࡿ㈨ᩱࡔࡅ♧࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢドᣐࡣ㸪ᅗࡢሙࡀኚ᭦ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㧗ᰯࡢᏛ༊࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡲࡓྜࡶ࠶ࡿࡋ㸪ᩥᏛ࣭ࣀࣥࣇ࢕ࢡࢩ࣭ࣙࣥேᩥ኱Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࡀᚲ㡲࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࡶ⛉Ꮫ㸪ࢧ࢖࢚ࣥࢫ㸪Ṕྐ㸪♫఍⛉Ꮫ࡞࡝ࡢ」࠶ࡿࡀ㸪SAT࡛ࡣ࢜ࣉࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞ࢥ࣏࣮ࣥࢿᩘࣃࣛࢢࣛࣇࡢሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࣥࢺ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ SATㄞゎࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡣ,୚࠼ࡽࢀࡓࣃࢵࢭ࣮㸦㸲㸧᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ᩘᏛ࡟↔Ⅼ㸸ࢪ࠿ࡽᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ୍ࡘࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢゎ⟅ࢆࡋ㸪ヨ㦂࡛ࡣᩘᏛࡢ  ࡘࡢ୙ྍḞ࡞ศ㔝࡛࠶ࡿḟ࡟ࡑࡢゎ⟅࡜࡞ࡿ᰿ᣐ࡜࡞ࡗࡓドᣐ࡟ࡘ࠸ၥ㢟ゎỴ࡜ࢹ࣮ࢱゎᯒ㸪௦ᩘ㸪㧗ᗘ࡞ᩘᏛࡢ࡚ࡶ㸦㑅ᢥᘧ࡛㸧ゎ⟅ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢゎ⟅ࡢ࣌࢔ධ㛛㸪࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࠋၥ㢟ゎỴ࡜ࢹ࣮ࢱศࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋᯒࡣ㸪ᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ࡑࡢࡶࡢ࠶ࡾ㸪⌮ SATࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࡜ゝㄒヨ㦂࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㉁ၥ

⛉㸪♫఍⛉Ꮫ㸪࠾ࡼࡧᐇ♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿၥ㢟ࢆ࡛ࡣ㸪ドᣐࡢᥦ♧࡟↔Ⅼࡀᙜ࡚ࡽࢀࡿࠋᏛ⏕ゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢẚ㸪๭ྜ㸪࠾ࡼࡧẚ౛᥎ㄽࡣ㸪ẁⴠࡢ⥆ࡁ㛵ಀࡀᩥἲⓗ࡟ࡶព࿡ⓗ࡟ࡶ(proportional reasoning)ࡢ౑⏝ࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ṇࡋࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟⦅㞟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡿࠋ௦ᩘࡣ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡀᢳ㇟໬ࡢ㘽࡜࡞ࡿ⥺ᙧ᪉࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ㉁ၥ࡛ࡣ㸪ᅗࡀฟ㢟ࡉࢀࡿࠋᅗࢆ⛬ᘧࡸࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚࠸ࡿࠋゎ㔘ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᅗࡀṇࡋࡃ᝟ሗࢆఏ㐩ࡍࡿࡼ࠺㧗ᗘ࡞ᩘᏛࡢධ㛛ࡣ㸪ࡼࡾ」㞧࡞᪉⛬ᘧ࡜ࡑ࡟㸪௜㝶ࡍࡿẁⴠࡢ⥆ࡁ㛵ಀࢆ㐺ษ࡟⦅㞟ࡍࡢ᧯సࡢ⢭㏻࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢศ㔝ࡣ㸪ᑓᨷ࡟ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࡶドᣐࡢᥦ♧ࢆᏛ⏕࡟せồࡍࡿࠋࡼࡽࡎ᭱ࡶ኱Ꮫࡸ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔カ⦎ࡢࡓࡵࡢ‽ഛᏛ⏕ࡣ㸪ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟ᩥࢆゎᯒࡋ㸪ㄢ㢟ᩥ࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖグࡢࡢⴭ⪅ࡀㄞ⪅ࢆㄝᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿド㡿ᇦ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸦኱Ꮫࡸ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࡟᭱ࡶ㛵㐃ࡍᣐࡸ᥎ㄽ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣಟ㎡ἲࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪⣲ᮦ㸦ࢯࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸧ᗄఱᏛ࡜୕ゅἲ㸦୕ゅᙧࡢ࣮ࢫ㸧࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿドᣐࡸㄽ⌮ⓗᛮ⪃࡟ࡼࡗ

ゅࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡜㎶ࡢ㛗ࡉࡢ㛵ಀࢆ⏝࠸ࡿᡭἲ㸧࡚ㄝᚓᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ᫂░࡞ศᯒࢆ᭩࠿࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࢆヨ㦂ⓗ࡟㏣ຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ㸦㸳㸧ᐇୡ⏺ࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓၥ㢟㸸㸦㸱㸧⣲ᮦࢆศᯒࡋࡓ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖: ෌タィࡉࢀ෌タィࡉࢀࡓ SAT ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡣ⌧ᐇࡢ

ࡓSATࡢ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢ↔Ⅼࡣ㸪⌧ᅾୡ⏺࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓ㉁ၥ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ኱Ꮫࡸ࢟ࣕࣜ

ࡢSATୖࡢ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖࡜ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡟࢔ࡢ୰࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓసᴗ࡟┤᥋ⓗ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ㉁࡞ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⏕ࡣࣃࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ㸦ᩥ❶ࡢၥ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

୍⠇㸧ࢆㄞࢇ࡛㸪ⴭ⪅ࡀㄞ⪅ࢆㄝᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵドᣐ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓㄞゎ࡜ࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࢭࢡࢩࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࣙࣥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ㄞゎၥ㢟࡛ࡣ㸪ᩥᏛ࡜ࣀࣥࣇࡿࠋᏛ⏕ࡣ㸪ⴭ⪅ࡀ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿドᣐ㸪᥎ㄽ㸪࢕ࢡࢩࣙࣥࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ࢳ࣮ࣕࢺࡸࢢࣛࣇ㸪- 164 -

再設計される (redesigned)SAT について࠾ࡼࡧ⌮⛉ࡸ♫఍⛉Ꮫ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡢศ㔝࠿ࡽ㛫ࡢᑛཝࢆᗈࡵ㸪఍ヰࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ෌タࡶฟ㢟ࡉࢀࡿࠋᏛ⏕ࡣ㸪࢚࣮ࣛࢆಟṇࡍࡿࡇィࡉࢀࡓ SAT ࡛ࡣ㸪ᘓᅜᩥ᭩ࡸࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࢝

࡜ࡔࡅࢆ㉁ၥࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࢀ௨ୖࡢࣥࣂࢭ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢ୍⠇࠿ࡽฟ㢟ࡉࢀࡿࠋ෌タࡇ࡜㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕேᩥ⛉Ꮫ㸪Ṕྐ㸪♫఍⛉Ꮫ㸪ィࡉࢀࡓ SAT ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㇏ᐩ࡞㸪ព࿡ࡢ࠶࠾ࡼࡧ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡢࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࠿ࡽࡢᩥ❶ࢆࡿ㸪ࡋࡤࡋࡤ῝㐲࡞ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡟ゐࢀࡿᶵ఍ࢆ⦅㞟࣭ᨵၿࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀၥࢃࢀࡿࠋゐⓎࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ኱Ꮫࡸ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔⏕άࢆ㇏࠿ᩘᏛࡢࢭࢡࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ㸪⌮⛉㸪♫఍⛉Ꮫ㸪࡟ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡸᕷẸ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ௚ࡢ⌧ᐇၥ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᛂ࡜ citizenship ࡟ ῝ ࡃ ྥ ࡁ ྜ ࠺ ᶵ ఍ ࢆ ୚ ࠼⏝ၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢẁ㝵ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋゎ⟅ࡍࡿࠋᏛ⏕࡟ࡣࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀ㸪ࡑ㸦㸶㸧୙ṇゎࡢゎ⟅ࡣῶⅬࡉࢀ࡞࠸

ࢀ࡟ἢࡗ࡚ࡢ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ㉁ၥࢆࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀ

෌タィࡉࢀࡓ SAT ࡛ࡣ⟅࠼ࢆ㛫㐪ࡗ࡚ࡶࡣᏛ⏕࡟≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚῝ࡃ᥀ࡾࡉࡆ㸪᳨ウࡋ㸪ῶⅬࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࠋṇゎࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟㝈ࡗࡑࢀࢆᩘᏛⓗ࡟ࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆせồࡋ࡚࡚࣏࢖ࣥࢺࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࠋṇゎࡢࡳࡢᚓⅬ࡬ኚ࠸ࡿࠋ᭦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡀ᭱Ⰻࡢ⟅࠼ࢆฟࡍ㸦㸴㸧⌮⛉࡜Ṕྐ♫఍⛉࡛ࡢศᯒ㸸ࡇ࡜ࢆዡບࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ෌タィࡉࢀࡓ SAT ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ㄞゎ㸪ࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ㸪ゝㄒ㸪ᩘᏛࡢࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡣ㸪⌮⛉㸪Ṕྐ㸪♫఍⛉ࡢࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡀฟ㢟ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㉁ၥ࡟⟅࠼ࡿࢫ࢟ࣝࡣ㸪኱Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪௙஦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡲࡓ⏕ࡁ࡚ࡺࡃ࡞࠿࡛㸪 ᭱᪂ࡢࡇ࡜ࡸᨻ἞᝟ໃ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞ฟ᮶஦㸪೺ᗣ࡜⎔ቃ࡞࡝ࡢࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ၥ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⏕ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢࢸࢫࢺ࡛ฟࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᑡࡋ㞴ࡋ࠸ᣮᡓⓗ࡞ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡸሗ▱ⓗ࡞ࢢࣛࣇ࡟ฟ఍࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪㉁ၥ࡛ࡣ㸪ᩥ❶ࢆㄞࢇ࡛⌮ゎࡋ㸪ㄽ⌮▩┪ࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᅗࡀ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㏻ࡾ࡟ᩥ❶ࢆᨵゞࡋ㸪⌮⛉ࡸ♫఍ࡢ▱㆑࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓၥ㢟ゎỴࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸦㸵㸧⡿ᅜᘓᅜᩥ᭩ࡸࢢ࣮ࣞࢺࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࢝ࣥࣂࢭ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸸⊂❧ᐉゝ㸪ᶒ฼❶඾㸪࠾ࡼࡧࣇ࢙ࢹࣛࣜࢫࢺ㸦࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜ᠇ἲࡢᢈ෸ࢆ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟᭩࠿ࢀࡓ  ⦅ࡢ㐃సㄽᩥ㸧ࢆྵࡴ⡿ᅜᘓᅜࡢᩥ᭩ࡣ㸪࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᕷẸ⏕ά࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᘓᅜᩥ᭩ࡣึᮇࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᅜෆእࡢసᐙ㸪ㄽᐈ㸪ᛮ᝿ᐙ࡟ࡑࡗ࡚㉳ⲡࡉࢀࡓࠋ࢚ࢻ࣐ࣥࢻyࣂ࣮ࢡ㸪࣓࢔ࣜy࢘ࣝࢫࢺࣥࢡࣛࣇࢺ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ࣐ࣁࢺ࣐y࢞ࣥࢪ࣮࡞࡝ࠋᙼࡽࡣ⮬⏤㸪ṇ⩏㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ே㸱 ⌧ᅾࡢ 6$7 ࡜෌タィࡉࢀࡿ 6$7 ࡜ࡢẚ㍑
 &ROOHJH%RDUG ࡟ࡼࡿホ౯ SAT ࡢ 㐠 Ⴀ ẕ య ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࢝ ࣞ ࢵ ࢪ ࣎ ࣮ ࢻ(2015b)࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪௒ᅇࡢᨵゞࡣ㸪͆college
readiness and success͇࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠕ኱Ꮫ࡟
ධࡿࡓࡵࡢ‽ഛࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢᡂຌࠖࡢࡓࡵ࡟᭱ࡶࢡࣜࢸ࢕࢝ࣝ࡞ࡶࡢࡀࠕࢫ࢟ࣝ࡜▱㆑࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ᭱ࡶࡼࡃ཯ᫎࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟෌タィࡋࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࢀ
ࡣ᭱᪂ࡢ◊✲⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾヨ㦂ࡣ㸪ࢺࣆࢵࢡࡢᩘࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ࡼࡾไ⣙ⓗ(stronger command)࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ௙ᵝࡢ
ẚ㍑࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⾲㸯࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࠋ ࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࣮࣎ࢻࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ௒ᅇࡢᨵゞࡣ͆Strong Research Base͇࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋヨ㦂ࡢጇᙜᛶ(validity)ࢆᙉᅛ࡟ࡍࡿࡼ࠺タィࡉࢀ㸪ドᣐ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࣞࣅ࣮ࣗࡉࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ௨ୗࡢ㸲኱Ꮫ࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲ࡀཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࣮࣎ࢻࡢ
Web ࣮࣌ࢪ࡟ࡑࡢྡ๓ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋxࢹ࣮ࣗࢡ኱Ꮫxࢥ࣮ࢿࣝ኱Ꮫxࢸ࢟ࢧࢫ A&M ኱Ꮫx࢝ࣜࣇ࢛ࣝࢽ࢔኱Ꮫࣂ࣮ࢡࣞ࢖ᰯ- 165 -大学入試研究ジャーナル第 26 号

ࡲࡓ㸪2013 ᖺ௨㝆 80 ௨ୖࡢ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢᡴࡕྜࢃࡏࢆタᐃࡋࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾᏶඲࡞ࢸࢫࢺࡢ௙ᵝ᭩ࡣ௨ୗ࡟බ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
https://www.collegeboard.org/sites/default/
files/test_specifications_for_the_redesigne
d_sat_na3.pdf
⾲㸯㸬୺ࡓࡿ⣲ᛶ(features)ࡢ㐪࠸ (College Board, 2015c ࡼࡾᢤ⢋ࡋ⩻ヂ)㻌
⌧ᅾࡢ SAT㻌࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ㻌⥲ࢸࢫࢺ᫬㛫*ᵓᡂ

せ⣲(Components) 㻌

1. ᢈุⓗㄞゎຊ(CriticalReading)
2. ࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ(Writing)
3. ᩘᏛ
4. ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖xx࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ 㻌xxxx
ࢫࢥ࢔㏻▱*xࢧࣈࢫࢥ࢔ࡢ㏻▱ 㻌3 ᫬㛫 (࢚ࢵࢭ࢖[࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥ]ࢆཷࡅࡓሙྜࡣࣉࣛࢫ 50 ศ)㻌

3 ᫬㛫 45 ศ㻌xx
㔜せ࡞⣲ᛶ㻌

෌タィࡉࢀࡓ SAT㻌୍⯡ⓗ࡞᥎ㄽ⬟ຊㄒᙡ㸹ࡋࡤࡋࡤ㝈ࡽࢀࡓᩥ⬦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠋ」㞧࡞᥇Ⅼἲ㸦ṇゎ࡟ࡼࡿຍⅬ࡜୙ṇゎ࡟ࡼࡿῶⅬ㸹↓ᅇ⟅ࡣࢫࢥ࢔࠿ࡽ㝖እ㸧ᚲ㡲㸹SAT ࡢ᭱ึ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿ25 ศసᩥ⬟ຊࡢࢸࢫࢺ㸹Ꮫ⏕ࡣ♧ࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࡜ࡿ࡭ࡁ❧ሙࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ㻌ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝᖜ 600 㹼2400
ᢈุⓗㄞゎຊ㸪ᩘᏛ㸪ࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࢫࢣ
࣮ࣝᖜ 200㹼800㻌
࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣከ⫥㑅ᢥࡢࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡿ㻌

1. ドᣐ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃㄞゎ࡜ࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ
(Evidence-Based Reading andWriting)o ㄞゎࢸࢫࢺ(Reading Test)o ࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࡜ゝㄒࢸࢫࢺ
2. ᩘᏛ
3. ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ (࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥ)
xxxx
xxxxx

᥎ㄽ⬟ຊ࡟ຍ࠼࡚▱㆑㸪ᢏ⬟࡜኱Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᡂຌࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᏛ⩦‽ഛࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
ᣑᙇࡉࢀࡓᩥ⬦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ༢ㄒࡢព
࿡ࡸ㐺ษ࡞༢ㄒ㑅ᢥṇゎࡢࡳ࡟ࡼࡿ᥇Ⅼ㸦୙ṇゎࡣῶⅬࡉࢀ࡞࠸㸹↓ᅇ⟅ࡣࢫࢥ࢔࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡞࠸㸧㻌࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥ㸹SAT ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿ㸹ࢸࢫࢺᐇ᪋ᚋ㸪࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࡀ
ධᏛ࡟ᚲせ࠿ၥࢃࢀࡿ50 ศ㻌ㄞゎ࡜ศᯒ㸪సᩥ⬟ຊࡢࢸࢫࢺ㸹Ꮫ⏕ࡣᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓ⣲ᮦᩥࡢゎᯒࢆグࡍ㻌ࢫࢣ࣮ࣝᖜ 400 㹼 1600ドᣐ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃㄞゎ࡜ࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ㸪ᩘᏛࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࢫࢣ࣮ࣝᖜ
200㹼800࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣศࡅ࡚ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡿ඲࡚ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢࢧࣈࢫࢥ࢔ࡀ㸪Ꮫ⏕㸪୧ぶ㸪࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣭ࣙࣥ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢧ࣮࣭ᩍဨ㸪࢝࢘ࣥࢭ࣮ࣛ࡟㏦ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㻌࡞ࡋ㻌*෌タィࡉࢀࡓ SAT ࡢࢸࢫࢺ᫬㛫ࡸࢫࢥ࢔㏻▱ࡣ◊✲࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

- 166 -

再設計される (redesigned)SAT について⾲㸰㸬ࢸࢫࢺࡢタၥᩘ࡜ゎ⟅᫬㛫ࡢẚ㍑

 ࣉ ࣜࣥࢫࢺ࣭ࣥࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ࡟ࡼࡿホ౯⌧ᅾࡢ㻌 SAT㻌  ᖺ௨ୖࡢṔྐࡀ࠶ࡿ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ኱
Ꮫ㐍Ꮫᣦᑟ࡛᭷ྡ࡞ࣉࣜࣥࢫࢺ࣭ࣥࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ
Princeton Review)♫࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࠕ ෌タィࡉࢀ
ࡿ SATࠖࡢෆᐜࡣ㸪ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺ࡛
࠶ࡿ ACT ࡟㠀ᖖ࡟㏆࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡢᨵゞ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡣၥ㢟ࢆゎࡃ㐣⛬࡛ࡢ᰿ᣐ㸦⌮⏤࡙ࡅ㸧ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᵓᡂせ⣲᫬㛫 タၥ(ศ) ᩘᢈุⓗㄞゎຊ7067 ㄞゎ

ࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕
ࣥࢢ

6049

࢚ࢵࢭ࢖

251

ᩘᏛ

7054 ᩘᏛ

ྜィ

225 171 ྜィ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ᝟ሗࢆ⣲᪩ࡃฎ⌮ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡀ࣮࢟࡟
࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ෌タィࡉࢀࡿ SAT ࡀ
ࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ㄗ⟅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ῶⅬࡀ࡞࠸xከ⫥㑅ᢥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸳ᢥ࠿ࡽ㸲ᢥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓxࢸࢫࢺࡉࢀࡿㄒᙡࡢ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡣࡼࡾぶࡋࡿ㸦ࡔࢁ࠺㸧ࠋ୍᪉㸪᪂ࡋ࠸ࢸࢫࢺࡢ᪉ࡀᅔ㞴ࡔ࡜ᛮࢃࢀ
ࡿⅬࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
x

୍ࡘࡢタၥ࡟ᑐࡋከẁ㝵ࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉ
multiple steps ࢆ㋃ࢇ࡛ゎ⟅ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋxᇶ♏ⓗ࡞ᩘᏛ⬟ຊࡀࡼࡾ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿࠋxㄞゎ࡜ㄽ⌮ⓗᛮ⪃ຊࡣ㸦౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚㸧୺

52ࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ
࡜ゝㄒ35

44

࢚ࢵࢭ࢖
(࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥ)50

18058

࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ྵ 㸸࢚ࢵࢭࡴ)࢖ྵࡴ)࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࣮࣎ࢻ(2015d)ࡀ஦๓࡟ࢧࣥࣉࣝ
࡜ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ၥ㢟ࡢࣉࣟࣥࣉࢺࡣ௨
ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠕ࠶࡞ࡓࡣୗࡢࣃࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆㄞࢇ࡛㸪࣏࣮࣮ࣝ࣎࢞ࢻ㸦Paul Bogard㸹ᫎ⏬┘╩㸧ࡀ௨ୗࡢ㡯┠ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡞ࡉ࠸ࠋࠖz୺ᙇࢆᣦ♧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢドᣐ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ஦ᐇࡸ౛࡞࡝z࢔࢖ࢹ࢔ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ㸪୺ᙇ࡜ドᣐࢆ᥋⥆ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⌮⏤࡙ࡅ(reasoning)ࢆྵࡴࠋx65

㻌 䜶䝑䝉䜲䛾ฟ㢟ᙧᘧ㻌ㄞࡴ࡭ࡁࣃࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ㸦ᩥ❶ࡢ୍⠇㸹
reading passages㸧ࡣ」㞧࡞ᵓ㐀࡜ㄒᙡ

タၥᩘ

㻌

x

ㄒᙡࡢ」ᩘࡢព࿡ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶

᫬㛫
(ศ)

ᵓᡂせ⣲

180 (230㸸 154(155ࡼࡾྲྀࡾỮࡳࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿⅬࡣ௨ୗࡳ᫆࠸ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ௦ࢃࡾ㸪෌タィࡉࢀࡓ㻌 SAT㻌zࡑࡢ⪃࠼ࢆࡼࡾᙉᅛ࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᩥయࡸㄝᚓຊࡢ࠶ࡿせ⣲㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤゝⴥࡢ㑅ᢥࡸឤ᝟ࡢッ࠼ࡓࡿせ⣲࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㻌ேྡ㸦࣏࣮࣮ࣝ࣎࢞ࢻ㸧ࡢ⟠ᡤࡸࡇࡢᚋ࡟᪂ࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡣࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢᩘࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ⥆ࡃ㈨ᩱࡢ㒊ศࡣᕪࡋ᭰࠼ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࣉࣟࣥࡀ㸪᫬㛫ࡣࡴࡋࢁ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࣉࣜࣥࢫࢺ࣭ࣥࣉࢺ⮬య࡟ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ኚ᭦ࡀ࡞࠸࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ♫ࡀࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࢸࢫࢺࡢタၥᩘ࡜ゎ⟅ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࡣฟ㢟ᙧᘧࡀ኱ᖜ࡟ኚ

᫬㛫ࡢẚ㍑ࢆ⾲ 2 ࡟♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓࢸࢫࢺࡢእ㒊᭦ࡉࢀࡿࠋෆᐜⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪࢚ࢵࢭ࢖࡟ồࡵࡽࢀ௙ᵝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢẚ㍑ࢆ⾲ 3 ࡟♧ࡍࠋࡿࡶࡢࡀࠕ୺ほ࠿ࡽᐈほ࡬ࠖኚࢃࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ཷ㦂⪅ࡀ࡝࠺ᛮ࠺࠿࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪
㸦㈨ᩱࡢ㸧ⴭ⪅ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᢏἲࢆ౑
ࡗ࡚㆟ㄽࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡢホ౯࡜ពぢࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡲࡓ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࡣ௒ᅇ࠿ࡽᚲ㡲࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪- 167 -

大学入試研究ジャーナル第 26 号

⾲㸱㸬Now vs. 2016 (The Princeton Review, 2015 ࡼࡾᢤ⢋ࡋ⩻ヂ)㻌
⌧ᅾࡢ SAT㻌ኚ᭦Ⅼ㻌ࢭ ࢡ ࢩࣙࣥࢫࢥ࢔ 㻌෌タィࡉࢀࡓ SAT㸦2016 ᖺ᫓࠿ࡽ㸧㻌

3 ࡘࡢࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥ (sections)x Mathx Critical Readingx Writing Skills㻌

2 ࡘࡢࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥ(sections)x Mathx Evidence-Based Reading andWriting
Composite score (400–1600)
o 2 section scores (200–800)
o 3 test scores (10–40)
 7 sub-scores (1–15)
o 2 cross-test scores

Composite score (600–2400)x

3 section scores (200–800)㑅ᢥ⫥㻌  㸳ᢥ㻌ࢸ ࢫ ࢺᙧᘧ㻌㸲ᢥ㻌ࠕ⣬࡜㖄➹ࠖ࡜ࠕࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱᘧࠖ㸦࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥ㸧㻌ࠕ⣬࡜㖄➹ࠖ㻌xxㄞ ゎ ࡜xࣛ ࢖ ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ
x㸰ࡘࡢࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥ (sections)㻌
o Critical Reading㻌o Writing Skills㻌ᩥ❶᏶ᡂ࡟ࡼࡿㄒᙡࢸࢫࢺ㸹ࡑࡢㄒᙡࡣ"SAT Words"࡜ࡋ࡚᭷ྡ㸹ࡋࡤࡋࡤ᭕᫕( obscure)࡜ᢈ
ุࡉࢀࡿࠋ㻌ᩥ❶ࡢ୍⠇(passage)࡟ࡼࡿၥ
࠸㸹ࢺࣆࢵࢡࡣࣛࣥࢲ࣒㻌xxxx

ᩘᏛィ ⟬ ᶵࡢ౑⏝㻌㸰ࡘࡢࢸࢫࢺ(tests)o Reading Testo Writing and Language Testᩥ❶᏶ᡂࡣࡶ࠺ฟ㢟ࡉࢀ࡞࠸㸹」ᩘ
ࡢព࿡ࢆࡶࡘ༢ㄒ࡟↔Ⅼࣃࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࡣ㸪Ṕྐⓗ࣭⛉Ꮫⓗ࡟㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࡽᢤ⢋㸹 ࢳ࣮ࣕࢺࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሗ▱ⓗ࡞ᅗ(informationalgraphics)ࢆྵࡴ
ㄞゎၥ㢟࡛ࡣ」㞧࡞ᵓ㐀ࡸㄒᙡࢆྵࡴࣃࢵࢭ࣮ࢪࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᩥἲၥ㢟࡟ࡣྃㄞἲ(punctuation)ࢆྵࡴࠋ௨ୗ࡟↔Ⅼࢆ⨨ࡃx ᛂ⏝ၥ㢟(Application-based)㸪ከẁ㝵(multi-step)࡟ࡼࡿၥ࠸x 㧗ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᩘᏛ㸪୕ゅἲࡢၥ㢟ࢆྵࡴx 㸯㢟ࡣ⇍⪃ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿ (extended-thinking) ゎ⟅ࢆ⮬సࡍࡿ( =ከ⫥㑅ᢥ࡛࡞࠸㸹grid-in )ࡢၥ㢟 (㏻ᖖၥ㢟ࡢ㸲ಸࡢ㓄Ⅼ);x ࢥ࢔࡜࡞ࡿᩘᏛࡢ⬟ຊ (ᩘᏛࢆⱥㄒ࡟⩻ヂࡋࡓࡾ㸪ⱥㄒࢆᩘᏛ࡟⩻ヂࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜)x ᩘᏛⓗ࡟㔜せ࡞⌮ㄽࡢ⌮ゎ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ᪉⛬ᘧࢆ⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡿࡇ࡜௨ୗࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡍࡿx ⟬ᩘ㸪ィ⟬x ௦ᩘ Ix ᗄఱx ௦ᩘϩࡢ୍㒊඲࡚ࡢᩘᏛࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾࠸࡚౑⏝ྍࠋ㸰ࡘࡢᩘᏛࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢ࠺ࡕ㛗࠸᪉࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡢࡳ౑⏝ྍࠋ㻌࢜ ࣉ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ 㸦 50 ศ 㸧㸹 ᐇ య ࡢ ࠶ ࡿ(substantial)ࣃࢵࢭ࣮ࢪ(600 ㄒ㹼700 ㄒ)ࡀ
㸹▷࠸ㄢ㢟ᩥ࢚ ࢵ ࢭ ᭱ึࡢࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥ㸦25 ศ㸧୚࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ⴭ⪅ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㆟ㄽࢆᵓᡂࡋࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀ㸪⮬ศࡢពぢࢆ᰿ᣐ࡜࡜ࡶ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡀၥࢃࢀࡿࠋᏛ⏕ࡣ㸪ⴭ⪅ࡀㄝᚓ࢖࡟㏙࡭ࡿࠋᛶࢆᣢࡓࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿᢏἲ
(techniques)࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ- 168 -再設計される (redesigned)SAT について

大学入試における小論文の形式について࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ௜グࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ

࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥ࡟᱁ୗࡆ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚㸪࢝ࣞࢵࢪ࣮࣎ࢻ(2015e)ࡣࡑࡢ FAQ ࡢ୰࡛z࢚ࢵࢭ࢖༢⊂࡛ࡣணጇᙜᛶࡀప࠸z࢔ࢻ࣑ࢵࢩ࣭ࣙࣥ࢜ࣇ࢕ࢧ࣮࠿ࡽࡢホ౯ពぢࡀศ࠿ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋཧ⪃ࡲ࡛࡟ࡶ࠺୍᪉ࡢඹ㏻ࢸࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ
ACT ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2015 ᖺ⛅࠿ࡽ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࡢ
ࡳኚ᭦ࡍࡿࠋ᪂ࡋ࠸࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࢸࢫࢺࡣ
Enhanced ACT Writing Test ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ACT ࡢබᘧࢧ࢖ࢺ࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢧࣥࣉࣝၥ㢟ࡣࠕ▱ⓗ࣐ࢩࣥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㸱ࡘࡢぢゎࢆศᯒࡋᣢㄽࢆᒎ㛤ࡏࡼࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛㸪SAT ࡢ࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ྠᵝ࡟㸦㈨ᩱࡢ㸧ⴭ⪅ࡢ᭩࠸ࡓෆᐜࡢศᯒ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿཷ㦂⪅ࡢホ౯࡜ពぢ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡟ᨵゞࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸲 ࠾ࢃࡾ࡟ ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࢘࢕࣮ࢡㄅࡢグ஦ ෭Ἠ, 2014) ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪௒ᅇࡢᨵゞ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦㸯㸧㞴ゎㄒᙡࡢཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
ACT (2014). 2014 Annual Report, http://www.act.
org/aboutact/pdf/AnnualReport2014.pdf
Collegeboard (2015a). Redesigned SAT,
https://www.collegeboard.org/delivering-op
portunity/sat/redesign
Collegeboard (2015b). Changes to the SAT,
https://www.collegeboard.org/delivering-op
portunity/sat/higher-ed/changes
Collegeboard (2015c). Overview: Current
SAT vs. Redesigned SAT,
https://www.collegeboard.org/delivering-op
portunity/sat/redesign/compare-tests
Collegeboard (2015d). Essay Example 1 of 2,
https://collegereadiness.collegeboard.org/s
ample-questions/essay/1
Collegeboard (2015e). FAQs
https://www.collegeboard.org/delivering-op
portunity/sat/faqs
The Princeton Review (2015). The SAT ischanging and we're on it. http://www.
princetonreview.com/SATChanges/
෭Ἠᙲᙪ(2014)㸬⡿ SAT ᨵゞ࡜࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢཷ㦂ᡓத㸪ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࢘࢕࣮ࢡ᪥ᮏㄒ∧㸪2014 ᖺ 3᭶ 13 ᪥㸬▱㆑ࢆせồࡍࡿၥ㢟ࢆῶࡽࡍ㸪㸦㸰㸧ㄗ⟅࡬ࡢῶⅬࡣṆࡵ࡚ㄗ⟅ࡶⓑ⣬ࡶྠᵝ࡟㞽Ⅼ࡜ࡍࡿ㸪
㸦㸱㸧2005 ᖺ࡟ᑟධࡉࢀࡓ㸪ᩘᏛ㸩ⱥㄒㄞゎ㸩࢚ࢵࢭ࢖㸦ᩥἲྵࡴ㸧ࡢ㸱⛉┠ 2400 ⅬไࢆṆࡵ࡚࢚ࢵࢭ࢖ࢆ࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥ࡜ࡋ㸪㸰⛉┠
1600 Ⅼไ࡟ᡠࡍ㸪࡜࠸࠺㸱Ⅼࡣ඲࡚ ACT ࡬
ࡢ㏣㝶࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ≉࡟㞴ゎㄒᙡࡢᑡ࡞ ࠸ ACT ࡟ SAT ࡀࢩ ࢙࢔ࢆ ㏫㌿ ࡉࢀࡓ
㸦ACT ࡢ 2014 ᖺ∧ࡢ Annual report ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ 2013 ᖺᗘࡢ ACT ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㧗༞ཷ㦂⪅ࡣ 180 ୓ே࡛ SAT ࡢࡑࢀࡣ 150 ୓ே࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࡇ࡜ࡀ┤᥋ࡢせᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᩘᏛࡢẚ⋡ࡣ 33㸣(800/2400)࠿ࡽ
50%(1600/3200)࡟ୖࡀࡾ㸪ᩘᏛࡢ࡛ࡁࡿேࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟᭷฼࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
࡞࠾㸪௒ᅇࡢ SAT ࡢᨵゞࡣ㸪ⱥᩘ 2 ⛉┠ࡢࠕࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣛSATࠖࡔࡅࡀᑐ㇟࡛㸪ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢࠕ⤫୍ࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠕSAT ࢧࣈࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢸࢫࢺ㸦㏻⛠ SATϩ㸧ࠖ࡟ࡣ୍ษࡢኚ᭦ࡀ- 169 -