★★★＜第１４回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第８回和文英訳】＞★★★
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[問１]

（１）1.

An apparatus for controlling a light output of an LED luminaire including a single color LED grouphaving at least one LED, the apparatus comprising:a spectral filter arranged to receive light emitted from the LED group;a photodetector optically coupled with the filter for detecting light, that has passed through thefilter, to generate a detection signal;a controller module connected with the photodetector for controlling the light output of the LED
group at least partially based on the detection signal; andan incident angle limiting unit for limiting an angle of incidence of the LED light received by thefilter.
2.

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said incident angle limiting unit includes alight-transparent portion aligned with the filter.
3.

The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said controller module causes a lamp attached to

the LED group to light upon receiving the detection signal.

（２）1.

A method of fabricating a semiconductor device comprising the steps of:preparing a substrate having a predetermined thickness;heating the substrate to a first temperature;
forming a stack on the substrate by sequentially stacking a plurality of semiconductor chips, eachhaving through electrodes, heated to a second temperature higher than the first temperature;providing a reinforcing member on the stack, said reinforcing member being thicker than any ofsaid plurality of semiconductor chips; andcooling the substrate, the stack and the reinforcing member to room temperature.
2.

The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of bonding another substrate on a lower

surface of the substrate between said step of preparing and said step of heating, wherein said anothersubstrate has a softening point equal to or higher than 500 degrees C.

[問２]
Conventional image display apparatuses found in the related art include a liquid-crystal
panel (liquid-crystal cell array), and a driving unit (a data line driving circuit and a row drivingcircuit) that drives the liquid-crystal panel with an image signal to form an image in response to theimage signal (see Patent Document 1).

The liquid-crystal panel includes a pair oflight-transmissive substrates, a pair of alignment layers arranged between the light-transmissive
substrates and a liquid-crystal material sealed between the alignment layers.

The liquid-crystal

panel further includes a pair of polarizers provided on the outer sides of the light-transmissivesubstrates.

One of the light-transmissive substrates serves as a driver substrate (array substrate)

driving the liquid crystal material, and includes a plurality of scanning lines, a plurality of datalines (signal lines), switching elements, such as thin film transistors (TFTs), respectively arranged
at intersections of the scanning lines and the data lines, and pixel electrodes to which pixel
electrode voltages are supplied from the data lines via the switching elements. The otherlight-transmissive substrate is an opposing substrate having a counter electrode. The counterelectrode is supplied with a counter electrode voltage.

[問３]
An embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the drawings.
Elements identical to those described above with reference to the related art are designated withthe same reference numerals and a detailed description thereof is omitted herein. Fig. 1 is a block
diagram of a contactless integrated circuit (IC) card of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the body of a card 1 placed in an upward position. Fig. 3 is across-sectional view of the body of the card 1 placed in a downward position.

As illustrated in Fig.

1, the contactless IC card includes an electromagnetic induction antenna coil 2 arranged on one
surface of the body of the card 1 having a card-shaped form, an IC chip 6 connected to theelectromagnetic induction antenna coil 2 via a circuit wiring line (film-shaped metal wiring line 3),and a switch 7 that opens or closes a circuit of the metal wiring line 3 between the IC chip 6 and theelectromagnetic induction antenna coil 2 in response to an on and off control operation by a user.
The contactless IC cards are typically categorized into a close coupled type (a communication
distance from 0 to 2 mm and an operation frequency of 4.91 MHz), a proximity type (acommunication distance from 0 to 10 cm and an operation frequency of 13.56 MHz), and a vicinity
type (a communication distance from 0 to 70 cm and an operation frequency of 13.56 MHz).
present invention is applicable to any of these types.

The