Systematic notes on Asian birds. 45.
Types of the Corvidae
E.C. Dickinson, R.W.R.J. Dekker, S. Eck & S. Somadikarta

With contributions by
M. Kalyakin, V. Loskot, H. Morioka, C. Violani, C. Voisin & J-F. Voisin
Dickinson, E.C., R.W.R.J. Dekker, S. Eck & S. Somadikarta. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 45. Typesof the Corvidae.
Zool. Verh. Leiden 350, 26.xi.2004: 111-148.— ISSN 0024-1652/ISBN 90-73239-95-8.
Edward C. Dickinson, c/o The Trust for Oriental Ornithology, Flat 3, Bolsover Court, 19 Bolsover
Road, Eastbourne, East Sussex, BN20 7JG, U.K. (e-mail: asiaorn@tiscali.co.uk).
René W.R.J. Dekker, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The
Netherlands (e-mail: dekker@naturalis.nnm.nl).
Siegfried Eck, Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde, A.B. Meyer
Bau, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, D-01109 Dresden, Germany (e-mail: siegfried.eck@snsd.smwk.
sachsen.de).
Soekarja Somadikarta, Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Indonesia,
Depok Campus, Depok 16424, Indonesia (e-mail: soma30@indo.net.id).
Mikhail V. Kalyakin, Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Bol’shaya Nikitskaya Str. 6,
Moscow, 103009, Russia (e-mail: kalyakin@zmmu.msu.ru).
Vladimir M. Loskot, Department of Ornithology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Science, St.
Petersburg, 199034 Russia (e-mail: otus@zin.ru).
Hiroyuki Morioka, Curator Emeritus, National Science Museum, Hyakunin-cho 3-23-1, Shinjuku-ku,
Tokyo 100, Japan.
Carlo Violani, Department of Biology, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy (e-mail:acquint@ipv.36.unipv.it).
Claire & Jean-François Voisin, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Laboratoire de Zoologie, Mammifères et Oiseaux, 55 Rue de Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France (e-mail: jfvoisin@cimrs1.mnhn.fr).
Keywords: Corvidae; crows; types; type species.
A list of about 280 names applied to Asian forms of species of crows (family Corvidae) is presented.
This list provides information on the whereabouts of type specimens. Where our information does notinclude reliable data we provide notes to explain the deficit and to stimulate others to offer additional
data or sources of information. For technical reasons we herein re-restrict the type locality of both
Dendrocitta himalayana Jerdon and Dendrocitta himalayensis Blyth.

Introduction
In ‘Systematic notes on Asian birds. 3. Types of the Eurylaimidae’ (Dekker et al.,2000) we explained the rationale for this comprehensive set of articles on the types ofAsian birds. Readers are referred to that paper for a fuller introduction and for moredetails on methodology.
Methodology
Our table shows the names applied to the taxa, with author(s) and date (the relevant publications being reported in the ‘References’). Where a type or types have been

112

Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)

located the acronym of a museum holding a type is given. The final column gives thenumber of a comment. The numbered comments follow the table. The arrangement of
the list is by species and within that by subspecies. The sequence of species is that ofBlake & Vaurie (1962) in Peters’s Check-list, but we have amended the sequence ofsubspecies in some cases. Decisions on the sequence of families within the planned
Synopsis remain to be taken.
No names have been introduced for Asian corvids since Blake & Vaurie (1962) andsubspecies recognized here do not differ from those recognized in Peters’s Check-list,
although some species are split. However, one prior name was reintroduced by
Deignan (1963) and is dealt with herein.
We stress, as before, that our views in these papers are preliminary in nature.
Additional information and suggestions received before the ‘Synopsis’ may lead tomodified treatment therein, see Introduction to ‘Systematic notes on Asian birds’(Dickinson & Dekker, 2000).
Almost all names have been checked to the original citation1 and original spellings
are used. In the case of unusual spellings we add the adjunction ‘sic’.
As in our reports on Asian types of the Eurylaimidae (Dekker et al., 2000), thePittidae (Dickinson et al., 2000), the Alaudidae (Dickinson et al., 2001), and subsequent
papers in this series, we investigated all the names that we found in synonymy. We
then went on to list each name in our type table. For every such name we explored
what was known about the types. There are a few exceptions to this rule and they
relate to some of the types with type localities or terra typical that are outside ourrange. In these cases we show the symbol ¶ in our right-hand column.
A list of acronyms appears before our list of References.
Published type catalogues and data provided as part of the original description
have remained our main sources, but an increasing community of interested museum
curators and collection managers is providing a growing amount of help that is very
welcome. In our personal searches for types, which one cannot safely describe as
exhaustive, even for the few museums that we have visited, we have been privileged
to be able to access and examine type material, as detailed under Acknowledgements.
It should not be assumed however that we have re-examined any particular type.
Where we had a particular reason to do so we have examined some.
Bibliographical history of the family
The most significant discussions on the systematics of the Corvidae since Blake &Vaurie (1962) are to be found in Goodwin (1976), and there is an appreciation of more
recent literature in Madge & Burn (1993). As regards Asia few important reviews haveappeared limited to one or more species (e.g. Oortwijn, 1987; Eck, 1997; Martens et al.,2000) or to specific parts of Asia (e.g. Abdulali, 1980; Morioka, 2000). These works
have informed the accompanying preliminary review and the conclusions therein are
applied here.

1 By one or another of the authors. The only exception is Garrulus brandti ussuriensis Buturlin, 1909: forthis the spelling we give is taken from the later 1910 source.

Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)

113

The types
Platylophus galericulatus
P. g. ardesiacus
L[ophocitta]. ardesiaca
Platylophus malaccensis
P. g. coronatus
Lanius coronatus
Lophocitta (Garrulus) histrionicus3
P. g. lemprieri
Platylophus lemprieri
P. g. galericulatus
Corv[us]. galericulatus
L[anius] scapulatus
Vanga cristata
Platysmurus leucopterus
P. l. leucopterus
Glaucopis leucopterus
P. l. aterrimus
Glaucopis aterrimus
Platysmurus Schlegeli
Garrulus glandarius
G. g. brandtii
Garrulus brandtii
Garrulus glandarius taczanowskii
Garrulus glandarius bambergi
Garrulus brandti [sic] ussuriensis
Garrulus brandtii okai
Garrulus glandarius pallidifrons
Garrulus glandarius kurilensis
G. g. kansuensis
Garrulus glandarius kansuensis
G. b. pekingensis
Garrulus bispecularis pekingensis7
Garrulus diaphorus“Cabanis, Mus.
Heine”, Bonaparte
Cabanis

18502

MH

1866

MH

Raffles‘Müll.’, Bonaparte

1822
1850

BMNH
RMNH

Nicholson

1883

MCM

CuvierLichtenstein
Griffith

18164
1823
1829

Plate
ZMB
Plate

2
3.
4.

Temminck

1824

RMNH

5.

Temminckvon Pelzeln

18295
1880

RMNH
NMW

6.

Eversmann
Lönnberg
Lönnberg
Buturlin
Momiyama
KurodaBergman

1842
1908
1909
19096
1927d
1927
1931

ZISP
NRM
NRM
ZMMU
YIO
Lost
NRM

Stresemann

1928a

ZMB

Reichenow
La Touche

1905
1915

ZMB
MCZ

1.

7.
8.
9.
10.

2 1850, not 1851 (see Zimmer, 1926: 68).
3 Schlegel (1857: 327) used the names histrionicus or rufulus for the birds of Sumatra and Borneo fol-lowing Bonaparte (1851: 79) where Bonaparte in naming histrionica referred to Garrulus rufulus as the
MS name of Temminck for the same specimens. The alternative offering of these names is thought tobe an invalid usage of the name rufulus.
4 Dated 1817 by Blake & Vaurie (1962: 205) but see Browning & Monroe (1991).
5 Dated 1825 by Blake & Vaurie (1962: 207), but see Dickinson (2001).
6 Blake & Vaurie (1962: 232) cited this from Mess. Orn. [= Orn. Vestnik] 1: 287 (1910), but it seems tohave been described by Buturlin in a hunting magazine in 1909 (see Rossolimo et al., 2001: 135, 229).
7 Not Garrulus glandarius pekingensis as cited by Blake & Vaurie (1962: 233).

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Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)

G. g. sinensis
Garrulus sinensis
Garrulus rufescens
Garrulus glandarius minhoensis
Garrulus glandarius rubrosus
G. g. taivanus
Garrulus taïvanus9
Garrulus insularis
G. g. leucotis
Garrulus leucotis
G. g. oatesi
Garrulus oatesi
G. g. haringtoni
Garrulus haringtoni
G. g. interstinctus
Garrulus bispecularis interstinctus
Garrulus bispecularis persaturatus
Garrulus glandarius azureitinctus
G. g. bispecularis
Garrulus bispecularis
Garrulus ornatus
G. g. japonicus
Garrulus glandarius japonicus
Garrulus glandarius namiyei
Garrulus japonicus nakaokae
Garrulus japonicus hiugaensis
Garrulus japonicus kakes
Garrulus japonicus shimoizumii
G. g. tokugawae
Garrulus glandarius tokugawae
G. g. orii
Garrulus glandarius orii
Garrulus lanceolatus
Garrulus lanceolatus nomen protectum‘Gould’, Swinhoe
Reichenow
Kleiner
Kleiner

18718
1897
1940
1940

BMNH
ZMB
ZMB
NMW

Gould
‘Gould’, Swinhoe

186310
1863a

BMNH
BMNH

Hume

1874a11

BMNH

Sharpe1896

BMNH

Rippon1905

BMNH

Hartert
Hartert
Koelz

1918
1918
1951

AMNH
BMNH
UMMZ

13.

VigorsJ. E. Gray in Gray
& Hardwicke

183112183113

?
BMNH

14.

Temminck & Schlegel
KurodaMomiyama
Momiyama
Momiyama
Momiyama

184714
1922
1927a
1927a
1927b
1939

RMNH
Lost
YIO
YIO
YIO
YIO

Taka-Tsukasa

1931

Lost

16.

Kuroda

1923

Lost

17.

Vigors183015

?

14.

11.

12.

15.

8 Here Swinhoe cites p. 304 in his 1863 publication: the name sinensis does appear there but it is anomen nudum.
9 Blake & Vaurie (1962: 233) although rightly using the emended orthography without the tremor
should have shown it when citing the original spelling.
10 Dated 1862 in Blake & Vaurie (1962: 233) and from the 1862 volume, but see Duncan (1937).
11 We have cited original publication from the Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal: 106, a fuller description
appeared in Stray Feathers 2: 443 in ‘June’ 1874; it is possible this actually appeared first, but we have
not yet found reliable dates of publication for Asiatic Society of Bengal publications.
12 Jan. 6th, 1831 (see McAllan & Bruce, 2002).
13 On or before Jan. 25, 1831 (Wheeler, 1998).
14 Given as 1848 by Blake & Vaurie (1962: 234) but see Holthuis & Sakai (1970): plate 43 appeared inJuly 1847, the text later, perhaps in 1848.
15 Blake & Vaurie (1962: 235) cited this from the Proc. Zool. Soc. London in 1831 but McAllan & Bruce(2002) have shown that the plate of the female appeared in December 1830 with this name in the firstnumber of Gould’s ‘Century’.

Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)

115

183016?

18.

183117?

18.

Bonaparte
Floericke
Floericke

1850
1921a
1921b

RMNH
?
RMNH

19.

Bangs

1913

MCZ

Buturlin

1915

Lost

Perisoreus internigrans
Boanerges internigransThayer & Bangs

1912

MCZ

Urocissa ornata
P[ica]. ornata
Cissa puella
Cissa pyrrhocyanea

Wagler
Blyth
Gould

1829
1849
1850

ZMB
ZSI?
ZMB

Urocissa caerulea
Urocissa cærulea

Gould

1863

BMNH

Gould
Parrot

1861
1907

BMNH
ZSM

Blyth

1846

ZSI?

23.

Sick
Sick

1939
1939

ZMB
ZMB

24.

Delacour & Jabouille

1930

MNHN

Garrulus vigorsii nomen oblitum
Garrulus gularis

Garrulus lidthi
G[arrulus]. lidthi
Garrulus lidthi samuelGarrulus lidthi superbus nom. nov.18
Perisoreus infaustus
P. i. opicus
Perisoreus infaustus opicus19
P. i. maritimus
Perisoreus infaustus maritimus

Urocissa flavirostris
U. f. cucullata
Urocissa cucullata
Urocissa flavirostris sharpii
U. f. flavirostrisPs[ilorhinus]. flavirostris
U. f. schaeferi
Urocissa flavirostris schäferiUrocissa flavirostris victoriae
U. f. robini
Urocissa flavirostris robini

J. E. Gray inGray & Hardwicke
J. E. Gray inGray & Hardwicke

20.

21.
22.

16 On or before Oct. 6th, 1830 (Wheeler, 1998). That this name is senior to that of Vigors does not seemto have been realised and as it has remained in synonymy since 1899 there is no cause to restore it touse: we believe the two conditions in Art. 23.9.1 of the Code (ICZN, 1999) to have been met.
17 On or before Jan. 25th, 1831 (Wheeler, 1998).
18 Floericke (1921b) seems to have used the name superbus in a practice then not uncommon in Germany,choosing to refer to the nominate form by an adjective rather than create a trinomial name by repeating
the binomial. His name is therefore a nomen novum for nominate lidthi. See Hartert (1923: 5-6) who
believed Floericke used the ‘most widely used synonym’. If superbus was introduced by someone
before Floericke we have not traced the proposal.
19 Extralimital following Blake & Vaurie (1962: 239) but see Cheng (1987: 529-530).

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Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)

Urocissa erythrorhyncha
U. e. occipitalis
BlythPs[ilorhinus]. occipitalis20
Ps[ilorhinus]. albicapillus
BlythU. e. magnirostrisPs[ilorhinus]. magnirostris
BlythU. e. alticola
Birckhead
Urocissa erythrorhyncha caerulea21
Urocissa erythrorhyncha alticola nom. nov. Birckhead
U. e. erythrorhyncha
Corvus erythrorynchus
Boddaert
U. e. brevivexilla
Urocissa brevivexilla
Swinhoe
Urocissa whiteheadi
U. w. whiteheadi
Urocissa whiteheadi
U. w. xanthomelana
Cissopica whiteheadi xanthomelana
Cissa chinensis
C. c. chinensis
Coracias chinensis
Coracias sinensis
Corvus speciosus
Corapica bengalensis
Kitta venatoria
C. c. klossi
Cissa chinensis klossi
C. c. margaritae
Cissa margaritae
C. c. robinsoni
Cissa robinsoni
C. c. minor
C[issa]. minor
Cissa hypoleuca24
C. h. jini
Cissa concolor jini

1846
1846

ZSI?
ZSI?

25.

1846

ZSI?

26.

1937
1938

AMNH
AMNH

1783

Plate

187422

BMNH

Ogilvie-Grant

1899

BMNH

Delacour

1927

BMNH

“Linn.”, Boddaert
GmelinShaw
LessonJ. E. Gray inGray & Hardwicke

1783
1788
1809
183123
1831

Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate
Plate

Delacour & Jabouille

1924

MNHN

Robinson & Kloss

1919

BMNH

Ogilvie-Grant

1906

BMNH

Cabanis1850

ZMB

Delacour

1930

?

27.

28.
28.
28.
29.
30.

31.

20 This name (on p. 27) and albicapillus (p. 28) come from the same article. Baker (1930: 5) placing albicapillus in synonymy acted as First Reviser.
21 Preoccupied by Urocissa caerulea Gould, 1863.
22
Dated 1873 in Blake & Vaurie (1962: 241) but see Duncan (1937).
23 This is the first of six names in this table that are taken from Lesson’s Traité Orn. All these names
come from pp. 321-400 (Livr. 5). Mathews (1911), Hellmayr (1916) and Zimmer (1926) reviewed theevidence for the dating of the parts of this work and concluded that Livr. 4 appeared in September
1830 and Livraison 6 ‘about 1st March 1831’ but they found no date for Livr. 5. This explains why
Blake & Vaurie (1962: 264, 277, 278) used ‘end 1830 or early 1831’ (having used ‘1830 (?)’ on p. 227).
Here we use 1831 throughout and would commend the understanding ‘not later than 28th Feb. 1831’
based on the reasonable view that it would have appeared no later than Livr. 6.
24 Treated as forms of Cissa thalassina by Blake & Vaurie (1962: 243-244).

Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)
C. h. katsumatae
Cissa katsumatae
C. h. concolor
Cissa concolor
C. h. chauleti
Cissa hypoleuca chauleti
C. h. hypoleuca
Cissa hypoleuca
Cissa gabriellæ

117

Rothschild

1903

AMNH

Delacour & Jabouille

1928

MNHN

Delacour

1926

MNHN

Salvadori & Giglioli
Ogilvie-Grant

1885
1906

UCCM
BMNH

Temminck

1826

RMNH

Sharpe1888

AMNH

PallasDaudinBonaparte ‘in litt.’
Bonaparte ‘in litt.’
Stegmann

1776
1800
1851
1851
1927

?
Plate
Plate
?
ZISP

Stegmann

1931

ZISP

Yamashina

1939

YIO

Meise

1932

MTD

Yamashina

1939

YIO

Hartert

1903

AMNH

Hartert

1917

AMNH

Meise in Stresemann,
Meise & Schonwetter

1937

ZMB

C. c. japonica
Cyanopica cyanus japonica
Pica cyanus onaga nom. nov.27

ParrotHachisuka

1905
1942

ZSM
ZSM

Dendrocitta vagabunda
D. v. bristoli
Dendrocitta vagabunda bristoli

Paynter

1961

MCZ

Cissa thalassina
C. t. thalassina
Kitta thalassina
C. t. jefferyi
Cissa jefferyi
Cyanopica cyana
C. c. cyana
Corvus cyanus[Corvus melanocephalus]25[Cyanopica Vaillanti] nom. oblit.
Cyanopica Pallasi nom. oblit.
Cyanopica cyanea [sic] tristis
C. c. pallescens
Cyanopica cyana pallescens
C. c. koreensis
Cyanopica cyana koreensis
C. c. stegmanni
Cyanopica cyanus stegmanni
C. c. jeholica
Cyanopica cyana jeholica
C. c. swinhoei
Cyanopica cyanus swinhoei26
C. c. interposita
Cyanopica cyanus interposita
C. c. kansuensis
Cyanopica cyanus kansuensis

32.

33.
34.
35.
35.

25 See Comments for reason why this name is in parentheses. The next suffers the same constraint.
26 Not Canopica, a lapsus in Blake & Vaurie (1962: 245).
27 Hachisuka (1942) proposed a new name to be used in the genus Pica if this species were placed

therein as Parrot’s name would then be preoccupied by Pica varia japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1848.

118
D. v. pallida
Cr[ypsirina]. pallida
D. v. vagabunda[Coracias] vagabunda
D. v. parvula
Lanius (rufus)
Dendrocitta vagabunda
parvula nom. nov.28
D. v. vernayi
Dendrocitta rufa vernayi
D. v. sclateri
Dendrocitta rufa sclateri
D. v. kinneari
Dendrocitta rufa kinneari
D. v. saturatior
Dendrocitta vagabunda saturatior
D. v. sakeratensis
Dendrocitta rufa sakeratensis29
Dendrocitta formosae
D. f. occidentalis
Dendrocitta formosae occidentalis
D. f. himalayana
Dendrocitta himalayana ‘Blyth’30
Dendrocitta himalayensis
Dendrocitta formosae sarkari
D. f. assimilis
Dendrocitta assimilis
D. f. sinica[Corvus] sinensis
Dendrocitta formosae sinica
Dendrocitta celadina nom. nov.31
Dendrocitta formosae intermedia
Dendrocitta formosae schistacea
D. f. sapiens
Crypsirina formosae sapiensD. f. formosae
Dendrocitta sinensis var. formosæ
D. f. insulae
Dendrocitta sinensis insulae
Dendrocitta occipitalis
Glaucopis occipitalis

Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)

Blyth

1846

ZMB

36.

Latham

1790

?

37.

Scopoli
Whistler & Kinnear

1786
1932

Plate
-

38.

Kinnear & Whistler

1930

BMNH

Baker

1922

BMNH

Baker

1922

BMNH

Ticehurst

1922

BMNH

Gyldenstolpe

1920

NRM

Ticehurst

1925

BMNH

JerdonBlyth
Kinnear & Whistler

1864
1865
1930

?
MCM
BMNH

Hume

1877

BMNH

LathamStresemann
Oberholser
DelacourStresemann

1790
1913
1920
1927
1929

?
AMNH
MNHN
ZMB

Deignan

1955

USNM

Swinhoe

1863b

BMNH

Hartert

1910

AMNH

S. Müller

183632

RMNH

39.
40.

41.

28 Proposed as a replacement name for Corvus rufus Latham, a synonym of Lanius rufus Scopoli, which

is preoccupied by Lanius rufus Linnaeus, 1766.
29 Not Dendrocitta vagabunda sakeratensis as cited by Bkae & Vaurie (1962: 247).
30 Proposed as a ‘replacement’ for Dendrocitta Sinensis ‘Latham’ Jerdon, 1863 (nec Latham). However,Jerdon (1863) misapplied Latham’s name, so the name provided by Jerdon (1864) is not a nomen novum,
it is introduced, with a description, for a separate geographical population, and is type-bearing.
31 Proposed as a replacement name for Corvus sinensis Latham.
32 Dated 1835 in Blake & Vaurie (1962: 247), but see Richmond (1926).

Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)

119

Dendrocitta rufigaster
Dendrocitta occipitalis sumatrensis

Gould
Chasen

1838
1939

?
RMNH

Dendrocitta cinerascens33
Dendrocitta cinerascens34
Dendrocitta sinensis tuckeri

SharpeHarrisson & Hartley

1879
1934

OUM
BMNH

Dendrocitta leucogastra
Dendrocitta leucogastra

Gould

1833

BMNH

Dendrocitta frontalis
Dendrocitta frontalis
Crypsirina altirostris
Dendrocitta frontalis kurodae

Horsfield
BlythDelacour

1840
1843
1927

BMNH
ZSI?
MNHN

43.

Dendrocitta bayleyi
D[endrocitta]. bazlei [sic] “Tytler”35
D[endrocitta]. Bayleyi “Tytler”

Blyth
Blyth

1863a
1863b

ZSI?
ZSI?

43.
43.

1800
180236
1803

Plate
Plate
?

44.
44.

Temia Levaillantii
Crypsirina varians longipennis

DaudinLathamShaw in Shaw,
Nodder & Nodder
LessonNeumann

1831
1935

Plate
MCZ

44.

Crypsirina cucullata
Crypsirhina (Temia) cucullata

Jerdon1862

BMNH

Temnurus temnurus
Glaucopis temnura
Temnurus truncatus nom. nov.37
Crypsirhina [sic] nigra
Temnurus schmackeri 38
Temnurus Oustaleti

Temminck
LessonStyan
Styan
Hartlaub

1825
1831
1892
1893
1899

?
?
?

Crypsirina temia
Corvus temia
C[orvus]. varians
Corvus caudatus

42.

45.
46.

33 Treated as a race of Dendrocitta occipitalis by Blake & Vaurie (1962: 247).
34 Blake & Vaurie (1962: 247) gave the type locality as Mt. Kinabalu. It was in fact the Lawas River, see

Sharpe (1887: 437).
35 Spelled bayleyi almost simultaneously by Blyth (1863b). This emendation had been generally accepted
for many years until Blake & Vaurie (1962: 249) wrongly suggested that it was an error for baileyi (seeSibley & Monroe, 1990).
36 We use 1802 following Browning & Monroe (1991).
37 At this period when new genera were created and the previous specific binomen was used for thegeneric name many authors provided a different binomen to replace the original.
38 This name appears, as a nomen nudum, in a list in Ibis (p. 426), but is not repeated on p. 431 where it
might be expected. May be considered a nomen emendatum.

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Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)

Pica pica
P. p. bactriana
P[ica]. bactriana
Pica pica laubmanni
Pica pica kot
P. p. hemileucoptera
Pica pica hemileucoptera
P. p. leucoptera
Pica leucoptera
P. p. sericea
Pica serica [sic]Pica varia japonica
Pica pica anderssoni
Pica pica jankowskii
Pica pica amurensis
Pica pica alashanica
Pica pica hainana
P. p. bottanensis
Pica Bottanensis
Pica megaloptera
Pica Tibetana

BonaparteStresemann
Gavrilenko

185039
1928b
1929

ZSI?
ZSM
?

Stegmann

1928

ZISP

Gould

1862a

BMNH

Gould
Temminck & Schlegel
Lönnberg
Stegmann
Stegmann
Stegmann
Momiyama & Isii

1845
1848
1923
1928
1928
1928
1928

?
RMNH
NRM
ZISP
ZISP
ZISP
YIO

48.

Delessert
1840
Blyth
1842
Hodgson in Horsfield 184940

?
ZSI?
BMNH

49.
50.

Podoces hendersoni
Podoces Hendersoni

Hume

1871

BMNH

Podoces biddulphi
Podoces Biddulphi

Hume

1874c

BMNH

Pseudopodoces humilis41
Podoces humilisPseudopodoces humilis saxicola

HumeStresemann

1871
1928c

BMNH
ZMB

C. L. Brehm
Barrett-Hamilton
Buturlin
Keve

1823
1898
1915
1943

AMNH
BMNH
ZMMU
NMW

Hartert

1903

AMNH

Hartert

1897

AMNH

Ingram1910

BMNH

Nucifraga caryocatactes
N. c. macrorhynchos
Nucifraga macrorhynchos
Nucifraga kamchatkensis
Nucifraga caryocatactes altaicus
Nucifraga caryocatactes sassii
N. c. rothschildi
Nucifraga caryocatactes rothschildi
N. c. japonica
N[ucifraga]. c[aryocatactes]. japonicus
N. c. owstoni
Nucifraga owstoni

47.

39 1850, not 1851 (see Zimmer, 1926: 68).
40 The construction of this ‘article’ requires one to accept Hodgson as author of the two new names in it.
41 Although listed here to be consistent with Peters’s Checklist we have taken note of the proposal ofJames et al. (2003) and will probably place this species near the titmice in our planned Synopsis.

Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)
N. c. interdicta
Nucifraga hemispila interdictus

121

Kleinschmidt &Weigold42

1922a

MTD

Thayer & Bangs
Ingram

1909
1910

MCZ
BMNH

Vigors
Blyth

1831
1867

?
Drawing

51.
52.

Gould
‘Gould’, Jerdon

1849
1863

?
-

53.

S. G. Gmelin
Stresemann
Portenko

1774
1928b
1954

?
ZMB
ZISP

54.

Gould

1862b

BMNH

Stresemann

1928b

ZSM

Swinhoe
Keve

1871
1943

BMNH
NMW

1833

ZMB

P[yrhocorax]. [sic] Forsythi

Hemprich &Ehrenberg45
Stoliczka

1874

BMNH

Corvus monedula
C. m. soemmerringii
Corvus Soemmerringii
C[orvus]. collaris
Corvus ultracollaris
Corvus Coloeus schlüteri
Corvus Coloeus tischleri

FischerDrummond
Kleinschmidt
Kleinschmidt
Kleinschmidt

1811
1846
191946
1935
1935

?
?
ZFMK
?
Lost

N. c. macella
Nucifraga hemispila macella
Nucifraga yunnanensis
N. c. hemispila
Nucifraga hemispila
Nucifraga immaculata43
N. c. multipunctata
Nucifraga multipunctata
Nucifraga multimaculata lapsus
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax44
P. p. docilis
Corvus docilis
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax pontifex
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax subdocilis
P. p. himalayanus
Fregilus himalayanus
P. p. centralis
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax centralis
P. p. brachypus
Fregilus graculus (L.) var. brachypus
Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax stresemanni
Pyrrhocorax graculus
P. g. digitatus
Pyrrhocorax alpinus var. digitata

¶
¶
¶
55.

42 As listed by Blake & Vaurie (1962: 257) the original description seems to be in Falco 18 (1) in January

1922, but a second description appeared that year in Kleinschmidt & Weigold (1922) with a different
binomial. The name in Falco appears there on p. 2 and attribution to these two authors is not apparent
from the page, but see the table of contents for the volume.
43 Only placed here tentatively following Baker (1930: 10).
44 The source of the name orientalis ‘Dybowksi’ has not been traced. It has been cited as J. Orn. (1868):
332 and there is a description there, but no new name is proposed.
45 The new names contained in this work are associated with descriptions in footnotes, where they are
either initialled H & E or just E. The authorship should thus not be a matter of dispute, as it has often
been.
46 Given as 1918 by Blake & Vaurie (1962: 261). Actually published Apr. 1919 (S. Eck, pers. comm.).

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Coloeus monedula sophiae
Coloeus monedula pontocaspicus

Dunajewski
Kleiner

1938
1939

MPHN
Lost.

Corvus dauuricus
Corvus dauuricus
C[orvus] Fuscicollis
Corvus capitalis
Corvus neglectus47
Coloeus dauricus [sic] khamensis

PallasVieillot
WaglerSchlegel
Bianchi

1776
1823
1827
1859
1906

?
?
?
RMNH
ZISP

Laubmann

1913

ZSM

Vieillot

1817

?

49.

Madarász

1904

Lost

56.

Reichenow

1904

ZMB

Hume

1874b

BMNH

Moore49
Brüggemann
Richmond

1858
1876
1903

BMNH
Lost
BMNH

Horsfield

182151

BMNH

Stresemann

1936

AMNH

Vaurie1958

AMNH“Temm. Mus.Lugd.”,
Bonaparte
Brüggemann

185052

RMNH

1876

Lost

Tweeddale

1878

BMNH

Corvus splendens
C. s. zugmayeri
Corvus splendens zugmayeri
C. s. splendens
Corvus splendens
C. s. protegatus
Corvus protegatus
C. s. maledivicus
Corvus splendens maledivicus
C. s. insolens
Corvus insolens
Corvus enca
C. e. compilator
Corvus tenuirostris48
Corvus fallax50
Corvus compilator nom. nov.
C. e. enca
Fregilus Enca
C. e. celebensis
Corvus enca celebensis
C. e. mangoli
Corvus enca mangoli
C. e. violaceus
C[orvus]. violaceus
Corvus modestus53
C. e. pusillus
Corvus pusillus

56.

33.
¶
¶

57.

57.

47
This name may have been attached to a juvenile moulting into adult plumage (rather than a ‘colour
phase’).
48
Preoccupied by Corvus tenuirostris C.L. Brehm, 1855.
49
Blake & Vaurie (1962: 264) attributed this name to Horsfield & Moore, 1856. This date is not substantiated, Zimmer (1926: 307) implied that volume 2 was published as a single entity although thetitle page says ‘1856-58’. The authorship is Moore alone, see Dickinson (2004b).
50 This name is listed here only because it has been listed here by Meinertzhagen (1926), who considered it indeterminate and from an unknown origin. See Appendix 1.
51 Dated 1822 in Blake & Vaurie (1962: 264), but see Raphael (1970).
52 1850, not 1851 (see Zimmer, 1926: 68).
53 Blake & Vaurie (1962: 265 fn.) suggested that this is a synonym of Corvus enca violaceus. This appears
to be based on Stresemann (1914), who apparently did examine the type. See Appendix 1.

Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)
C. e. sierramadrensis
Corvus enca sierramadrensis
C. e. samarensis
Corvus Samarensis

123

Rand & Rabor

1961

FMNH

Steere1890

BMNH

Corvus unicolor
Gazzola unicolor

Rothschild & Hartert

1900

AMNH

Corvus typicus
Gazzola typica
Corvus advena54

Bonaparte
Schlegel

1853
1859

MNHN
RMNH

Corvus florensis
Corvus florensis

Büttikofer

1894

RMNH

Corvus validus
C[orvus]. validus
Corvus validissimus
Corvus frugilegus
C. f. frugilegus[Corvus] frugilegus
Corvus frugilegus tschusii
Trypanocorax frugilegus ultimus
C. f. pastinator
Corvus pastinator
Trypanocorax pastinator centralis
Corvus corone56
C. c. orientalis
Corvus orientalis
Corvus corone interpositus
Corvus corone yunnanensis
Corvus corone saghalense
C. c. sharpii
Corvus sharpii
Corvus cornix kaukasicus
Corvus cornix khozaricus
Corvus macrorhynchos57
C. m. culminatus
Corvus culminatus
Corone anthracina
Corvus coronoides madaraszi“Temm. Mus. Lugd.”, 185055
Bonaparte
Schlegel
1859

RMNH

Linnaeus
HartertSushkin

1758
1903
1925

?
AMNH
ZISP

Gould
Tugarinov

1845
1929

BMNH
ZISP

Eversmann
Laubmann
La Touche
Kumagai

1841
1917
1922
1926

?
ZSM
MCZ
?

60.

Oates
Gengler
Fediuschin

1889
1919
1927

BMNH
?
ZISP

¶
61.

Sykes
Madarász
Stresemann

1832
1911
1916

BMNH
Lost
AMNH

RMNH

58.

59.

56.

54 Preoccupied by Corvus advena Brehm, 1831.
55 1850, not 1851 (see Zimmer, 1926: 68).
56 Corvus corone takahashii Momiyama & Isii, 1927, is a nomen nudum.
57 The subspecies are arranged here to facilitate the understanding of the arrangement in Martens et al.
(2000).

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Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)

C. m. levaillantii
Corvus Levaillantii
LessonCorvus andamanensis“Tytler”, Beavan
C. m. japonensis
C[orvus]. japonensis
Bonaparte
Corvus coronoides borealis
Momiyama
Corvus coronoides hondœnsis
Momiyama
Corvus coronoides tikzenensis
Momiyama
C. m. connectens
Corvus coronoides connectens
Stresemann
C. m. osai
Corvus macrorhynchus [sic] osai
Ogawa
C. m. mandshuricus
Corvus macrorhynchus [sic] mandshuricus Buturlin
Corvus coronoides quelpartis
Momiyama
Corvus coronoides ijimai
Momiyama59
C. m. colonorum‘Gould MS’, F. Moore
Corvus sinensis60
Corvus colonorum
SwinhoeCorvus hassi
Reichenow
Corvus coronoides mengtszensis61
La Touche
C. m. hainanus
Corvus coronoides hainanus
Stresemann
C. m. tibetosinensis
Corvus macrorhynchos tibetosinensis
Kleinschmidt &Weigold
C. m. intermedius
Corvus intermedius
Adams62
C. m. macrorhynchos
C[orvus]. Macrorhynchos
WaglerCornix timorensis
Bonaparte
Corvus coronoides inoptatus
RenschC. m. philippinus63
Cornix philippinus
Bonaparte
Corvus brevipennis
Schlegel

58

1831
1867

MNHN
?

185058
1927e
1927e
1927e

RMNH
?
YIO
YIO

1916

AMNH

1905

AMNH

1913
1927e
1927e

?
?
YIO

1858
1864
1907
1923

BMNH
?
ZMB
MCZ

1916

AMNH

1922

Lost

66.

1859

Lost

67.

1827
1853
1928

RMNH
?
ZMB

49.

1853
1859

?
RMNH

62.

63.

63.

64.
65.

49.

1850, not 1851 (see Zimmer, 1926: 68).
This name is listed by Blake & Vaurie (1962: 273) with mention of page 3. In fact it appears on page 10
where it is given as a ‘nom. nov.’ although it is not a replacement for a preoccupied name, rather it issuggested as a name for a population intermediate between two others (japonensis and levaillantii - sensu
Ogawa). Momiyama’s ‘description’ is simply a brief statement that it is intermediate (lacking measurements) and the name would normally be considered a nomen nudum. It is possible that this name has
been used later with a description and that date and authorship should derive from that action. We havenot attempted to trace such an action and pending that we list the name as if it is valid.
60 Preoccupied by Corvus sinensis Latham, 1790, q.v.
61 Placement here follows Cheng (1976, 1987) but the types seem to demand re-examination.
62
Blake & Vaurie (1962: 274) erroneously cited the original description from p. 471 in place of p. 171.
63
Corvus solitarius Kittlitz, 1858, is a nomen nudum according to Meinertzhagen (1926).
59

Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)
Corvus orru
C. o. orru
C[orvus]. orru

125

“Mull. Mus. Lugd.”,
Bonaparte
Brüggemann
Finsch185064

RMNH

1876
1884

Lost
NMW

68.
69.

Meyer

1884

MTD

70.

Corvus pectoralis
Corvus torquatus66
Corvus pectoralis

Lesson
Gould

1831
1836

MNHN
BMNH

Corvus ruficollis
C. r. ruficollis
Corvus ruficollis

Lesson1831

MNHN

Dybowski
Dybowski
Stejneger
Taczanowski
Taczanowski

1883
1883
1884
188967
1891

MPHN
MPHN
USNM
MPHN
?

Severtzov

1873

ZISP

Hume
von Jordans &Steinbacher

1873
1943

BMNH
ZFMK

Corvus annectens65
Corvus Salvadorii
C. o. latirostris
Corvus latirostris

Corvus corax
C. c. kamtschaticus
Corvus corax kamtschaticus
Corvus corax behringianus
Corvus grebinitskii
Corvus corax ussurianus
Corvus corax sibiricus68
C. c. subcorax
Corvus subcorax (C. umbrinus?
Rupp., var.?)Corvus Laurencei
Corvus corax kretae
C. c. tibetanus
Corvus Tibetanus
Corvus corax pamirensis

Hodgson in Horsfield 184969
Buturlin
1915

71.
72.

73.

BMNH
ZMMU

64 1850, not 1851 (see Zimmer, 1926: 68).
65 Although listed here by Meinertzhagen (1926), following Stresemann (1916), he made clear that hedid not believe that this came from Celebes. See Appendix 1.
66 Listed as Corvus torquatus Lesson, 1830-31, by Blake & Vaurie (1962: 277) but preoccupied by Corvus

Monedula torquatus Bechstein, 1791 (see Kleinschmidt, 1940; Eck, 1984).
67 This rare publication, see References, contains an earlier description of this taxon than that cited byBlake & Vaurie (1962: 280).
68 Preoccupied by Corvus sibiricus Gmelin, 1788. Gmelin’s name is thought to be an emendation of
Corvus sibericus Boddaert, 1783, which is a junior synonym of Perisoreus infaustus (Linnaeus); thenominate form, of P. infaustus is outside our scope, and thus neither Boddaert’s name nor Gmelin’s will
be found in our table. Judging from Sztolcman & Domaniewski (1927), Taczanowksi (1876) named thisCorvus coronivox and in 1891 used the name Corvus sibiricus for the same population. It is unclear
whether his sibiricus had a different type (no type was then designated). Why the name coronivox does
not appear in Hartert (1903) or Meinertzhagen (1926) is unclear.
69 The construction of this ‘article’ requires one to accept Hodgson as author of the two new names in it.

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Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)

Comments
1. There has always been some doubt about the origins of the specimen upon which
Bonaparte based his description. He thought it likely to be from Java, but made clearthat he used this name for a specimen that Cabanis (1850) had listed as probably
from Sumatra. Robinson & Kloss (1924: 328) restricted the type locality to Malacca,
but did not claim to have reinspected the type specimen, nor do they seem to havebeen aware that Cabanis (1866) had described malaccensis and that in describing
this Cabanis compared it with ardesiacus, having the type of each in his hands. It
seems unlikely that the restriction to Malacca was correct and quite probable thatthe name malaccensis must be brought into use. However, these types will need tobe re-examined.
2. Cuvier (1816) referred to plate 42 in Levaillant (1798).
3. This name, like Cuvier’s is based on Levaillant’s plate. However ZMB holds two
specimens that both may be syntypes, although only one bears a type label (F.
Steinheimer, in litt.).
4. Griffith referred to ‘Viel.’, which we take to be Vieillot. It is unclear where in
Vieillot’s writings Griffith found this name. No type is likely to be found unless
this can be discovered.
5. Temminck listed the museums holding this as Leiden and Paris. Temminck’s
convention in the Planches Coloriées was to list first the museum that had provided
the specimen that was depicted. It seems very probable that this specimen was
exchanged with or presented by the museum in Paris and that it originated with
Diard – the first direct supply of bird specimens from Sumatra to Leiden seems
to have originated with Henrici about 1828 (R. Dekker)70. Diard and Duvaucelcollected in Sumatra for Raffles in 1818-19, but had a disagreement with him overtheir terms of engagement. They believed they had the right to send material toParis, but Raffles considered them to be employees of the Hon. East India Company,
and that all that they collected was company property (Fransen et al., 1997: 228).
As might be expected the French and British versions of this dispute differ. Raffles’sviews are to be found in the appendices in the memoir of Lady Raffles (1830).
Diard was a pupil of Cuvier, and Duvaucel was Cuvier’s stepson. As Cuvier was apatron of the Planches Coloriées Temminck might well have felt it best to avoid
mention of Diard as source of the material if only to avoid a dispute with Raffles.
The two specimens thought to have been at Leiden at this time, one of whichshould have provided the model for the painting, now have labels suggesting that
Salomon Müller collected them, but Müller did not collect in Sumatra before 1834.

70 Raffles (1822) listed what he had brought back from Sumatra; before that probably only tradeskins reached Europe from Sumatra, although drawings of some birds were made (van Marle &Voous, 1988: 38).

Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)

127

6. Mees (1986) showed that these type specimens couldn’t have reached Temminck
until 1828 and suggested that they would then have come from Diard. The specimens now considered to be these types, and those discussed by Mees, have labels
suggesting that they came from Salomon Müller, but his collecting in Borneo only
began in 1836. We are inclined to accept the view that these are the types and thatthey came from Diard, even if this suggests deliberate mislabelling. The alternative
is to reject them as types.
7. By listing an adult male type with details Gyldenstolpe (1926) designated a lectotype. There should be 19 paralectotypes: two from the mouth of the Susuya River,
one from Khomatofka, one from Tunnaicha, 14 from Chipesani (or Chebisani as
Gyldenstolpe spelled it) and one from Arakuri.
8. Lönnberg (1909) listed two syntypes. Gyldenstolpe (1926) selected one to list andthus designated a lectotype. The earlier specimen, from Kiran, is a paralectotype.
9. The specimen held in Moscow is potentially a type. At the moment this isconsidered insufficiently proved (Yarolsav Red’kin, in litt.).
10. Kuroda’s holotype would seem to have been lost in World War II. It is possiblethat one or more of the nine paratypes may survive.
11. Two Ningpo specimens from Swinhoe, listed by Sharpe (1877: 101) are still in the
BMNH and have now been accepted as types in view of the mention of Ningpo by
Swinhoe (1863a) who gave this name a nomen nudum. Other syntypes probably
exist. Some of Swinhoe’s collection was presented directly to the BMNH, but thebulk was acquired by Seebohm and most reached the BMNH with the rest of Seebohm’s collection in 1896 (Sharpe, 1906), but no other types of this seem to havebeen received then. Gould received some skins direct from Swinhoe and the
MNHN exchanged some specimens with Swinhoe as other museums may havedone too. The USNM holds some Swinhoe material due to exchanges with Tristram, Saunders and Seebohm (who was in regular correspondence with Stejneger)
although no specimen of this or of insularis Swinhoe71 (S. Olson, in litt.). Every
Swinhoe specimen collected in 1870 or earlier from ‘South China, westward to
Szechuen’ is potentially a syntype. They need not date back to 1863 or before as in1863 this name although first used was without a description. The description in1871 although ‘meagre’ was accepted as valid by Hartert (1918).
12. The original description was minimal, describing it merely as a ‘diminutive ally of
G. sinensis’. A female specimen from NW Formosa that the BMNH received fromSeebohm (BMNH 1897.6.1.347) has both a Seebohm label and a Swinhoe label, andboth carry the name Garrulus insularis. This seems to be a valid syntype. Others
may exist.

71 Nor is either represented in the AMNH by Swinhoe material (M. LeCroy, in litt.).

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Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)

13. It was at first thought that just one specimen of interstinctus had been received aspart of the Rothschild Collection and that this catalogued in New York as AMNH
676,630. This was in such poor condition that it was discarded in 1953 (M. LeCroy,in litt.). A further search produced the holotype (AMNH 676626 bis) collected near
Darjeeling in 1883 and passed on to Hartert by Giglioli, but apparently exchanged
with the Florence Museum. Hartert (1919, 1928) did not list it.
14. Gould made a Himalayan collection available for description by Vigors (1831-32)
and presented the collection to the Zoological Society of London. These birds weredepicted in A Century of Birds from the Himalaya Mountains by John Gould (seeMcAllan & Bruce, 2002). Since the break-up and disposal of the Zoological Societycollection in 1854-57 most types have remained untraced.
15. The holotype was almost certainly lost with most of Kuroda’s collection during
World War II (Orn. Soc. Japan, 1958: 7). Four paratypes were listed with their collecting dates and locations, all are probably lost, but some might still be held at’Tsushima Middle School’.
16. It is thought that the types were destroyed in World War II, 1945 (Orn. Soc. Japan,
1958: 6).
17. The holotype is believed lost with Kuroda’s collection (Orn. Soc. Japan, 1958: 7); a
female paratype was mentioned, but insufficient details were provided to permit
its identification.
18. No text was published to accompany the illustrations in this work. Sharpe (1877:102) did not list a specimen from Hardwicke and Warren & Harrison (1971) did
not list a type. See also ‘Comment 30’ for more about Hardwicke.
19. Efforts to trace Floericke type specimens have been in vain. Walters (1997) associated him with the Suddeutsche Vogelwarte and suggested his types might havebeen in Stuttgart where they may have been destroyed in World War II. Garrulus
lidthi samuel is indeed not in Stuttgart (C. Quaisser, in litt., 13 May 2004). It has also
been suggested that they could be in Budapest or in Sarajevo.
20. Most kindly Dr A. Nazarenko has tried to locate the type (pers. comm., 18 March
2004). It does not seem to be present now in Arsenyev’s Museum of the Primorski
Region in Vladivostok72. Another specimen there, collected four years later at‘De-Kastri, Tatar Strait’, has a label with Buturlin’s handwritten identification of itwith marimitus. This could be considered for designation as a neotype if that wereconsidered to be necessary.

72 The type locality of maritimus is Samarga (47°10’ N, 138°41’ E) on the coast of the Sea of Japan(Nazarenko, pers. comm.). Vaurie (1959: 135) spelled this Samarka. Blake & Vaurie (1962: 240) just put‘Ussuriland’.

Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)

129

21. Blyth’s type was listed by Finn (1901). It may still exist.
22. Gould visited Berlin in 1843 when Lichtenstein drew his attention to a specimenlabelled Corvus pyrrhocyaneus, which Gould promptly sketched. He was thenallowed to take the specimen to London to paint. Five years later in 1848 a specimen was brought to England from Ceylon by Aubrey J.D. Paul. This was in better
condition and must have served as Gould’s model at least for the two central tailfeathers which, he said, were missing from the Berlin specimen (Gould, 1850)73.
We do not believe Paul’s specimen, a syntype, has been traced.
23. Blyth’s type was listed by Finn (1901) and may still exist. Rookmaaker (1993) has
noted that Levaillant (1800) depicted this species over 45 years earlier from China.
Although most of the birds Levaillant depicted were given scientific names by later
authors this was not and Rookmaaker suggested that the yellow bill was considered
to be an error and that the painting was meant to be of Urocissa erythrorhyncha(Boddaert, 1783).
24. This name is found in the original description of U. f. schaeferi, but with no explanation, and is apparently a lapsus for that name. Berlin lists the name as typebearing with the same type (F. Steinheimer, in litt.).
25. Blyth (1846) named occipitalis and albicapillus in the same paper, when Blyth knewthat his material of albicapillus was an immature bird. He was vague about the type
locality of occipitalis saying it was ‘the common species of Nepal and to the NW as atMussoorie &c’, albicapillus was from the neighbourhood of Simla. Blyth (1852: 93)
clarified that albicapillus was the young of occipitalis, but it is not clear that he thenhad the type of albicapillus in the collection in Calcutta. He listed two specimens ofoccipitalis, one presented by Frith in 1843 from the NW Himalayas, the other by Hutton in 1849, too late to be a type of either name. As no mention is made of Simla it isassumed that Frith’s bird was not the type of albicollis. It may be a type of occipitalis.
Mentioned by Sclater (1892) and Finn (1901). Possibly still present in Calcutta.
26. Listed by Finn (1901). May still survive in Calcutta.
27. Boddaert (1783) provided scientific names for all the Daubenton plates74, later
incorporated in the work of Buffon (1771-86). In this instance the specimen depicted for pl. 622 in Daubenton (1765-80) is the basis for Boddaert’s name.
28. Based on Daubenton (1765-80) pl. 620: ‘le Rollier de la Chine’ which was depicted earlier by Brisson (1760). The species is absent in most of China and the type73 There is an unexplored minor issue here. Lichtenstein should have been aware that this was
Wagler’s type of ornatus and have known that it was not new and that the MS name pyrrhocyanea was
unnecessary! This MS name is clearly a more recent addition to the label than Wagler’s name and it
can have been added no later than 1843.

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locality of chinensis Boddaert was corrected to southern Thailand by Robinson &Kloss (1923). This correction must be applied to the type locality of any other namefounded solely on this plate.
29. This is partially based on the same Daubenton plate as Coracias chinensis Boddaert.
No specimens that can be related to Lesson’s description have been located.
30. The original drawing is in The Natural History Museum, London. Hardwicke collected drawings and copies of drawings mainly made by native artists (Sharpe,
1906: 170; Kinnear, 1925; Archer, 1962; Warr, 1996; Wheeler, 1998), but seems to haveleft few specimens, partly due to loss through shipwreck. Sharpe (1906: 380) did
not enumerate his specimens.
31. The type that Delacour described was in the museum of Sun Yat-sen University,
Canton. Our enquiries suggest that the type is not in Beijing and have not yet been
traced it in Guangdong, although apparently the collection survives.
32. The original description explained that a French official gave the holotype to De
Filippi. It is likely that it came from a market vendor and the exact provenance ofit must be a matter of doubt.
33. Pallas’s type was expected to be in Berlin, but it could not be located in April 2004
by F. Steinheimer and C. Quaisser.
34. This name, which Wagler (1827) used in the combination Pica melanocephalos, wasbased on the ‘adult’ depicted by Levaillant (1800), Vol. II: 22, pl. 58, and Wagler
considered that Pallas’s name was incorrect, perhaps on the grounds that there
were other blue crows. However, various authors, including most recently Rookmaaker (1993), have considered the subject of Levaillant’s plate to be unidentifiable. Pallas’s name appears to have been based on an immature (which has asandy buff partial hind collar). Although one may reasonably consider that thisChinese species was the subject of Levaillant’s plate, the painting is sufficiently
incorrect to be misleading and for that reason cannot be accepted. The bird, as

74 Boddaert’s ‘Table de Planches …’ contains an explanation of the reasons for its elaboration. Boddaert

made no direct reference to Buffon’s deliberate practice of retaining just vernacular names when others
were following the system introduced by Linnaeus, but nonetheless Boddaert set out to reconcile
names in Linnaeus (1766), citing the genus number and species number (a species number ‘o’ indicating
absence in Linnaeus), with the original issue of the d’Aubenton plates. These were issued in numericalorder and had often been bound in that order (Boddaert said they appeared ‘en Cahiers, sans aucun
order systematique et ainsi pele mêle; et sans aucune description, seulement une etiquette avec le nom
de l’oiseau, selon de M. Brisson, au bas de la Planche’). The reconciliation was also with Buffon’s work,
which Boddaert thought required one more volume before completion. Where he found no scientificname, in Linnaeus’s 12th edition, Boddaert ‘sometimes proposed one, but as often he did not’ (Mathews& Iredale, 1915). The artist for all the d’Aubenton plates was Martinet, who had earlier made monochrome plates for Brisson (1760).

Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)131

depicted, wrongly appears crested and is given a black chin whereas in life the chinand throat are white. Finally all the tail feathers are shown as edged white, whereas there are in fact just broad white tips to the central pair of tail feathers. The
name melanocephalus is thus best treated as indeterminate. The exact provenance ofLevaillant’s Chinese bird has never been clarified, but it is unlikely to have comefrom within the small north Chinese range of nominate cyana. By considering thename melanocephala to be unavailable previous authors have ensured that thecurrent subspecific names of other Chines forms remain unaffected.
35. Bonaparte (1851) listed Cyanopica melanocephala Bp. (claiming credit for the namebased on the new combination) and listed Corvus cyaneus Latham in synonymy aswell as Pica melanocephalos Wagler. Next he listed Cyanopica cyanea Bp. (again claiming credit) listing in synonymy Corvus cyaneus Pallas (a name which antedates
Latham’s name). In the synonymy he also listed his own two MS names: vaillanti
for melanocephala and pallasi for cyanea. He apparently did not recognise that cyanea
was based on the immature. No separate descriptions were given. Under Art. 11.6of the Code this process did not make these names available and neither nameseems to have been made available by 1961.
36. Blyth (1852: 92) listed neither his proposed name nor the specimen. The type was
not listed by Sclater (1892), neither as one that he found nor in his list of thosemissing. Blyth (1846) wrote that ‘this species …. [was] obtained in a small collection from that part, purchased in Calcutta by Prof. Behn, of Kiel University’ and it
is likely that the type was taken to Kiel. Happily it is not lost, C. Quaisser (in litt.,
21 April 2004) has reported discovering this specimen in Berlin.
37. Based on the Grey-tailed Roller of Latham (1787: 86).
38. Based on pl. 106 in Sonnerat (1782), who called this ‘la Pie rousse de la Chine’.
39. Deignan (1963: 130) accepted this name as the valid name. Blyth appears to haveused it in epistola to Jerdon, noting that it was distinct from true Dendrocitta sinensis,
and Jerdon (1864) used the spelling himalayana as the valid name, accidentally
publishing before Blyth’s slightly different name. Thus Jerdon’s name himalayana
has priority over himalayensis Blyth, 1865. Because it was reintroduced by Deignan
before the publication of the revised content of Art. 23.9 of the Code (ICZN, 1999)
Jerdon’s name must be considered. Since the 1999 (4th) Edition of the Code appeared
names not used since 1899 can be set aside by a declaration that they are nomina
oblita. By inference a name introduced before this change and used since 1899
should not be set aside. Applying arbitrary judgement to a prior cut-off datewould lead to chaos. Jerdon (1863: 316; 1864: 874) did not include any details
about type specimens. He proposed Dendrocitta Himalayana because the taxon in
front of him was not Dendrocitta sinensis Latham and therefore if the material
before Jerdon could be identified it would provide the type or types (by inference
Blyth’s intended type material might be all or part of that type series). As Blyth’s
type material was in Lord Derby’s collection it is rather unlikely that Jerdon saw

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it. On the basis of Jerdon’s distribution statement Deignan (1963) ‘restricted’ thetype locality to Darjeeling, believing that by employing the same type locality asthat recently given, through restriction, to Blyth’s name, he would prevent any
confusion that might arise by competition between Blyth’s name and Jerdon’sname. As Blyth’s types, see below, are from Nepal we hereby re-restrict the type
locality of Dendrocitta himalayana Jerdon to the Katmandu valley, Nepal.
40. Ticehurst (1925) when naming occidentalis restricted the type locality of himalayensis
Blyth to Sikkim on the strength of a mention of Darjeeling in Blyth (1852). However
the four Blyth syntypes are from Nepal (Wagstaffe, 1978). All of Nepal lies east of
Simla whence Ticehurst selected his type for occidentalis, but in accordance with
Recommendation 76A of the Code (ICZN, 1999) we hereby correct the restrictedtype locality of himalayensis to the Katmandu valley, Nepal.
41. Based on the Pie de Macao of Sonnerat (1782: 187). The name Corvus sinensis
Latham, 1790, is preoccupied by Corvus sinensis Gmelin, 1788. Stresemann (1913)
considered both names to have been based on the same unidentifiable painting75
and that the names were therefore indeterminate.
42. This is listed here with reservations. The original description was attached to a
‘Hab[itat]’ of ‘India’, but Sharpe (1877: 81) considered this name a synonym ofoccipitalis. However, Baker (1930: 6) listed it as a synonym of D. vagabunda. Whistler& Kinnear (1932: 516) pointed out that the description did not match Indianvagabunda and better fitted Sumatran birds, thus agreeing with Sharpe. We concur.
Warren & Harrison (1971: 477) argued that the specimen that Sharpe accepted as
the type could not be accepted on two grounds. First, that it is not from India (butin those days the term ‘India’ was widely used to refer to the [East] ‘Indies’ andcould have included Sumatra), and second, that the measurements do not accord
with those given by Gould. Unless an identity for the description can be establishedwith an Indian form the synonymy should continue to place this with occipitalis.
As the purported type is not accepted as the correct specimen the matter can betaken no further unless a valid type can be found.
43. Finn (1901) listed the type. It may still exist in Calcutta.
44. Based on Levaillant (1800), vol. II, pl. 56. Daudin (1800) mentioned that the species
had been sent to Temminck76 from Batavia.
45. We have not located the type, which was collected either on 12 Dec. 1891 by Tetsu
for B. Schmacker (Ibis, 1893: 56) or perhaps on 22 Dec (Ibis, 1893: 431).

75 A reference to this being a painting in the possession of the ‘late Dr. Fothergill’ was discovered, but

the source of this reference is now obscure.
76 C.J. Temminck’s father.

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133

46. It was thought that the type might be in Bremen, but P.-R. Becker (in litt., 26 April
2004) has informed us that it has not been found there.
47. Bonaparte (1850) named this after reading a copy of the proofs of Blyth (1852),
which are known to have circulated in 184977. The specimen Bonaparte designatedas his type was taken at Kandahar and presented to the museum of the Asiatic
Society of Bengal by Hutton in 1849. It may still survive in Calcutta.
48. Warren & Harrison (1971: 503) rejected the type specimen listed by Sharpe (1877: 65).
49. This type is apparently not in the MNHN.
50. Blyth (1843: 985) very rapidly placed this name in the synonymy of bottanensis
Delessert and later Blyth (1852) listed just the one specimen, which had been presented by Captain Pemberton in 1839. Although not listed by Sclater (1892) or Finn
(1901) this specimen may still survive in Calcutta.
51. The type of this was presented by Gould to the Zoological Society of London andwill have been dispersed in 1854-57. It seems not to have been among the types
then bought for the British Museum (Sharpe, 1906: 514).
52. Blyth (1867) based this name and description on two Hodgson drawings of birds
that were ‘wholly unspotted’.
53. The type was once in the Museum of the Philosophical Society of Yorkshire, butcannot now be traced.
54. We have no information on where Gmelin’s type material, if any, may be.
55. Some Tischler specimens are in Bonn, but this type, which was collected by Tischler,is thought to have been destroyed in World War II with the balance of the Tischler
collection.
56. The collection in Budapest was largely destroyed in 1956.
57. These two names are discussed in Appendix 1. The types are now believed to havebeen lost during World War II (M. Päckert, Darmstadt, in litt., 26 February 2004).
58. Linnaeus (1758) drew on his earlier description in Fauna Svecica.

77 There is a note in a copy at Tring that it was bound from proof sheets forwarded to G.R. Gray in fivebatches (pp. 1-40, 41-80, 81-192, 193-240, 241-312) and this adds “although the title page of the completed
work is dated 1849 the prefatory matter is dated June 1852 and the work itself appears to have only
been issued in that year. See J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal. Vol. XXI (1852) p. 546.” See also Dickinson (2004c).

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59. The type was expected to be in St. Petersburg, but it cannot be found there.
60. The type was in the Saito Hôonkai Museum, Sendai (Orn. Soc. Japan, 1942). We
have not been able to verify whether it survived the war. Present indications suggest it probably did (H. Takashi, in litt., through H. Morioka, 1 March 2004), but
final confirmation is still awaited.
61. The holotype, collected by Severtsov, was in the collection of Prof. Menzbier, but
is now in the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg.
62. We have not traced this. If the specimen named was in Tytler’s collection it probably
went to Lahore (Whistler, 1918). Some of Beavan’s own specimens came into thecollection of Lord Tweeddale (Sharpe, 1906: 308), which is now in Tring, but if
there are Beavan types there they have yet to be found.
63. The type was expected to be in the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology (YIO) but
a search there has not revealed it (H. Takashi in litt. 12 March 2004).
64. The syntype listed by Sharpe (1877: 41) was wrongly dated as collected in 186078.
Warren & Harrison (1971: 513) corrected this to 1850.
65. The BMNH holds three Swinhoe specimens collected in 1865 and 1866: these cannot
qualify as types.
66. The holotype was apparently destroyed in Dresden in World War II. There is aparatype in the museum in Budapest (HNHM).
67. Adams (1859) reported that the collection was lost.
68. The type of this was probably lost during World War II (M. Päckert, Darmstadt, inlitt., 26 February 2004).
69. Finsch (1884) referred to Salvadori’s ‘Prodr. p. 1879, spec. 2’ (published in 1880) sothat specimens listed there will be types and also included a younger bird ‘Nr.
1255’ which is Vienna (A. Gamauf, Vienna, in litt., 8 March 2004). This was one of
311 specimens from Salvadori’s South Pacific expedition in 1879-1881 that reachedthe Vienna museum in 1942 from the ‘Zool. Bot. Society’. Arbocco et al. (1978) listed
three ‘syntypes’ in Genoa where one might have expected four, and they made no
mention of Finsch’s specimen. Violani (pers. comm., 9 March 2004) suggests thatthe other syntype will be in the Turati collection in Milan.

78 The inclusion of a date of collection in the Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum wasextremely rare (M.P. Walters, in litt.).
79 This is either a typographical error for 198 or is the page number in the separate, which we have notexamined.

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135

70. Meyer’s holotype was MTD C. 7748 (13576) collected by J.G.F. Riedel but
unsexed and without a published date, however it is apparently labelled 1883
(C. Quaisser, pers. comm.). It had been thought that this specimen was destroyedin World War II.
71. Although Sztolcman & Domaniewski (1927) cited Taczanowski (1889) they listed afemale with No. P. 2795 in contrast to the number 9072 (collected by Godlewski
alone) apparently cited by Taczanowski. Hence although we signal that the typewas in Warsaw the real holotype is perhaps not the same specimen as that listed.
72. No type designated.
73. Several specimens that qualify as types of Hume’s name have recently been discovered in Tring by ECD and Michael Walters.
Other names
The name Temia Vaillantii Schinz, 1821, was formed in a manner that probably renders it invalid. We prefer to consider it so and do not include it in the above list.
Momiyama (1927c) introduced the name Corvus corone takahashii but it was a nomen
nudum. We have noted the name Fregilus graucalus var. orientalis Dybowski, 1868, citedfrom the Journal für Ornithologie: 332. This citation leads to a paper by Dybowski &Parrex (1868) in which we found a description that might apply, but we have searched
the paper in vain for the name orientalis. Possibly the 1868 name is valid based on thisindication.
Summary of types of unknown whereabouts
We should welcome information concerning the types of: Garrulus bispecularis Vigors, 1831; Garrulus lanceolatus Vigors, 1830; Garrulus vigorsii J.E. Gray, 1830; Garrulus
gularis J.E. Gray, 1831; Garrulus lidthi samuel Floericke, 1921; Cissa concolor jini Delacour, 1930; Corvus cyanus Pallas, 1776; Cyanopica Pallasi Bonaparte, 1851; [Coracias]
vagabunda Latham, 1790; Dendrocitta himalayana ‘Blyth’ Jerdon, 1864; [Corvus] sinensis
Latham, 1790; Dendrocitta rufigaster Gould, 1838; Corvus caudatus Shaw, 1803; Glaucopis
temnura Temminck, 1825; Crypsirhina [sic] nigra Styan, 1892; Temnurus schmackeri
Styan, 1893; Temnurus Oustaleti Hartlaub, 1899; Pica pica kot Gavrilenko, 1929; Pica serica[sic] Gould, 1845; Pica Bottanensis Delessert, 1840; Nucifraga hemispila Vigors, 1831;
Nucifraga multipunctata Gould, 1849; Corvus docilis S.G. Gmelin, 1774; Corvus Soemmerringii Fischer, 1811; C[orvus]. Collaris Drummond, 1846; Corvus Coloeus schlüteri Kleinschmidt, 1935; Corvus dauuricus Pallas, 1776; C[orvus] Fuscicollis Vieillot, 1823; Corvus
capitalis Wagler, 1827; Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817; [Corvus] frugilegus Linnaeus,
1758; Corvus orientalis Eversmann, 1841; Corvus corone saghalense Kumagai, 1926;
Corvus cornix kaukasicus Gengler, 1919; Corvus coronoides borealis Momiyama, 1927;
Corvus macrorhynchus [sic] mandshuricus Buturlin, 1913; Corvus coronoides quelpartis
Momiyama, 1927; Corvus colonorum Swinhoe, 1864; Corvus andamanensis Beavan, 1867;
Cornix timorensis Bonaparte, 1853; Cornix philippinus Bonaparte, 1853; Corvus corax

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sibiricus Taczanowski, 1891. We should also be grateful for information on the types
once present or still present in Calcutta.
Acknowledgements
As in our previous work on Asian types we acknowledge a considerable debt tothose who have published relevant type catalogues (for references other than thosecited as references here see Dickinson et al., 2001) and to those working on current
drafts for type catalogues that have been shown to us.
Special thanks are due to Robert Prys-Jones, Michael Walters, Stephan Burkhard,
Sylke Frahnert, George Barrowclough, Mary LeCroy, Paul Sweet, Sammy Degrave,
Victoria Kitchener and Pavel Tomkovich for their help when we have been in their
institutions. We have had valuable assistance with our enquiries about other typespecimens from Attila Bankovics (HNHM), Peter-René Becker (UMB), Hen Fen-qi(Beijing), Alexander Nazarenko (IBSS, Vladivostok), Martin Päckert (HLMD), Christiane Quaisser (ZMB), Lucia Liu Severinghaus (Taipei), Frank Steinheimer (ZMB) andHiraoka Takashi (YIO). We extend our grateful thanks to them all.
We are also most grateful for the help and patience of Alison Harding of The
Natural History Museum, Tring with our library work there and to Ann Datta, Carol
Gökçe, Paul Cooper, and their colleagues at the Zoology Library, The Natural History
Museum, London. Library work in Leiden was facilitated by Caroline Pepermans andRonald de Ruiter. Further help with bibliographic matters has come from Rémy
Bruckert (MNHN), Angelina Hausinger (SMF), Alan Peterson (Zoonomen) andYaroslav Red’kin (ZMMU). Thanks also go to Gill Cornelius, Tony Holcombe,
Alexander Nazarenko, Chris Smeenk and Zara Frenkiel for help with translations.
Murray Bruce kindly reviewed our list of references and offered helpful suggestions in respect of the text as well. We are extremely grateful to Mary LeCroy, Christiane Quaisser, Frank Steinheimer and Michael Walters who have refereed this paper
and provided helpful comments.
Acronyms
AMNH
BMNH
FMNH
HLMD
HNHM
IBSS
MCM
MH
MNHN
MNSG
MPHN
MTD
NMW

American Museum of Natural History, New York.
The Natural History Museum, Tring - formerly the British Museum (Natural
History).
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.
Hessisches Landesmuseum, Darmstadt.
Hungarian National History Museum, Budapest.
Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Vladivostok.
Liverpool Museum (formerly Merseyside County Museum), Liverpool.
Museum Heineanum, Halberstadt.
Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Genoa.
Polish Museum of Natural History, Warsaw.
Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden.
Naturhistorisches Museum Wien.

Dickinson et al. Types of the Corvidae. Zool. Verh. Leiden 350 (2004)

NRM
OUM
RMNH
SMF
UCCM
UMMZ
USNM
YIO
ZFMK
ZISP
ZMB
ZMMU
ZSI
ZSM

137

Swedish Natural History Museum, Stockholm.
Oxford University Museum.
National Museum of Natural History, Leiden - formerly Rijksmuseum van
Natuurlijke Historie.
Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt.
Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Turin.
University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor.
United States National Museum, Washington DC.
Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, Abiko City.
Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum A. Koenig, Bonn.
Zoological Institute St. Petersburg.
Zoologisches Museum, Berlin now the Institut für systematische Zoologie,
Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
Zoological Museum, Moscow University.
Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta.
Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich.
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Bonaparte, C.L., 185181. On the Garruline birds, or Jays; with descriptions of new species.— Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond. (1850): 79-86.
Bonaparte, C.L., 1853. Notes sur les collections de M. A. Delattre.— C. r. hebd. Séanc. Acad. Sci., Paris
37: 827-835.
Brehm, C.L., 1823. Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte alle Europäischen Vögel. 1: i-xii, 1-416.— Jena.
Brisson, M.J., 1760. Ornithologia sive synopsis methodica sistens Avium divisionem in ordines. Sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates. 2: i-lxvii, 1-516.— Leiden.
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Brüggemann, F., 1876. Beiträge zur Ornitholgie von Celebes und Sangir.— Abhand. nat. Ver. Bremen
5: 35-102.
Buffon, G.-L.L., 1771-1786. Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux.— Paris.
Büttikofer, J., 1894. Ornithologische Sammlungen aus Celebes, Saleyer und Flores: 269-306.— In: M.
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Buturlin, S.A., 1909. Interesnye nakhodki [Interesting finds.].— Nasha Okhota [= “Our hunting”] 1909
(Nov.) 11: 85-90.
Buturlin, S.A., 1910. [To the synonymy of Garrulus brandti Ev.].— Orn. Vestnik [= Messager Ornith.] 1:
287.
Buturlin, S.A., 1913. Corvus macrorhynchus mandshuricus subsp. nov.— Orn. Vestnik [= Messager
Ornith.] 4: 40.
Buturlin, S.A., 1915. Ptitsy Primorsky Oblasti. 6. [Birds of the Ussuriland. 6].— Orn. Vestnik [= Messager
Ornith.] 6: 89-114.
Buturlin, S.A., 1915. Nucifraga caryocatactes altaicus subsp. nov.— Orn. Vestnik [= Messager Ornith.] 6:
131-132.
Cabanis, J., 185082. Museum Heineanum. Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine auf Gut St. Burchard vor Halberstadt mit kritischen Anmerkungen undBeschreibung der neuen Arten, systematisch bearbeitet. 1 (Singvogel): i-viii, 1-233.— Halberstadt.
Cabanis, J., 1866. Ueber neue oder weniger bekannte exotische Vögel.— J. Orn. 14: 305-310.
Chasen, F.N., 1939. Preliminary diagnoses of new birds from North Sumatra II.— Treubia. 17(2): 183-184.
Cheng Tso-hsin, 1987. A synopsis of the Avifauna of China: i-xvi, 1-1223.— Beijing.
Cuvier, G., 1816. Le règne animal distribué d’aprés son organisation, pour servir de base a l’histoire
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Daubenton, E.L., 1765-1780. Planches Enluminées. 1008 pls.— Paris.

80

We examined the Tegetmeier reprint of 1874 (see Zimmer, 1926: 63), not the original.
Duncan (1937) suggested that the part break between 1850 and 1851 lay at page 80-81. This would
imply that pp. 79-81 of this article appeared in 1850 and 81-86 in 1851. Based on evidence from thecase of Calyptomena whiteheadi discussed by Dickinson (2004a) we believe that the text on pp. 79 and 80
date from 1851 and only the small text at the top of p. 79 would have been printed in 1850 with therest of the signature blank.
82 The size of the parts of this volume and their exact dates of publication are not fully determined.
Browning & Monroe (1991) accepted 1850 for pp. 1-112: we have seen evidence suggesting signature
14 ended on p. 106.
81

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139

Daudin, F.M., 1800. Traité élémentaire et Complet d’Ornithologie ou Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux. 2:
1-473.— Paris.
Deignan, H.G., 1955. New races of birds from Eastern Asia.— Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 75: 130.
Deignan, H.G., 1963. Checklist of the birds of Thailand.— U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 226: i-x, 1-263.
Dekker, R.W.R.J., E.C. Dickinson, S. Eck & S. Somadikarta, 2000. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 3.
Types of the Eurylaimidae.— Zool. Verh. Leiden 331: 77-88.
Delacour, J., 1926. [31 new taxa from Annam and Laos].— Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 47: 8-22.
Delacour, J., 1927. [40 new taxa from French Indochina].— Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 47: 151-170.
Delacour, J., 1930. Note sur la collection de l’Université Sun Yatsen à Canton avec descriptiond’Oiseaux nouveaux.— L’Oiseau. 11(6): 337-339.
Delacour, J. & P. Jabouille, 1924. [12 new species and subspecies from French Indochina].— Bull. Brit.
Orn. Cl. 45: 28-35.
Delacour, J. & P. Jabouille, 1928. [21 new forms from the 4th. Indochina Expedition].— Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl. 48: 125-135.
Delacour, J. & P. Jabouille, 1930. Description de trente oiseaux de l’Indochine Francaise.— L’Oiseau
11(7): 393-408.
Delessert, A., 1840. Oiseaux nouveaux provenant du Bottan ou Boutan, au nord du Bengale.— Rev.
Zool. (1840): 100-101.
Dickinson, E.C., 2001. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 9. The “Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées”
of Temminck & Laugier (1820-1839).— Zool. Verh. Leiden 335: 7-53.
Dickinson, E.C. 2004a. Confirmation of the date of description of a broadbill (Calyptomena, Aves) published in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.— Arch. Nat. Hist. 31(1): 168-169.
Dickinson, E.C. 2004b. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 46. ‘A Catalogue of the Birds in the museumof the Hon. East-India Company’ by Horsfield & Moore.— Zool. Verh. Leiden 350: 149-165.
Dickinson, E.C., 2004c. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 47. Blyth’s ‘Catalogue of the birds in theMuseum Asiatic Society’ and his 1849 Supplemental Note, with historical comments.— Zool.
Verh. Leiden 350: 167-181.
Dickinson, E.C. & R.W.R.J. Dekker, 2000. Introduction to Systematic notes on Asian birds.— Zool.
Verh. Leiden 331: 5-9.
Dickinson, E.C., R.W.R.J. Dekker, S. Eck & S. Somadikarta, 2000. Systematic notes on Asian Birds. 5.
Types of the Pittidae.— Zool. Verh. Leiden 331: 101-119.
Dickinson, E.C., R.W.R.J. Dekker, S. Eck & S. Somadikarta, 2001. Systematic notes on Asian Birds. 12.
Types of the Alaudidae.— Zool. Verh. Leiden 335: 85-126.
Drummond, H.M., 1846. List of birds observed to winter in Macedonia; from notes made by Capt.
H.M. Drummond, 42nd R.H., during a two months’ shooting excursion in the interior during thewinter of 1845-1846.— Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. (1)18: 10-15.
Dunajewski, A., 1938. Ein Beitrag zur Systematik der Rabenvögel (Corvidae).— Acta Orn. Mus. Zool.
Polon. 2(9): 145-156.
Duncan, F.M., 1937. On the dates of publication of the Society’s “Proceedings”, 1859-1926.— Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond.: 71-83.
Dybowski, B.I., 1883. Remarques sur les Oiseaux du Kamtschatka et des îles Comandores.— Bull. Soc.
Zool. France 8: 351-370.
Dybowski, B.I. & A. Parrex, 1868. Verzeichniss der während der Jahre 1866 und 1867 im Gebiete derMineralwasser von Darasun in Daurien beobachteten Vögel.— J. Orn. 16: 330-339.
Eck, S., 1984. Katalog der ornithologischen Sammlung Dr. Udo Bährmanns. 4 Fortsetzung.— Zool.
Abh. Staat. Mus. Tier Dresden 40: 26-27.
Eck, S., 1997. Morphologische und taxonomische Untersuchungen an mongolischen Elstern (Pica pica)(Aves: Passeriformes: Corvidae).— Zool. Abh. Staat. Mus. Tier Dresden 49(16): 291-302.
Eversmann, E., 1841. Addenda ad celeberrimi Pallasii Soographiam [sic] Rosso-Asiaticam.— Uchen.
Zapiski Kazansk. Univ., Fasc. 2: 154-16783.

83 Pages 1-16 in the Willughby Society reprint (which was presumably done from a separate).

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Eversmann, E., 1842. Addenda ad celeberrimi Pallasii Zoographiam Rosso-Asiaticam.— Fasc. 3: 1-19.
Fediuschin, A.V., 1927. Neue Formen palaearktischer Vögel.— J. Orn. 75(3): 490-495.
Finn, F., 1901. List of birds in the Indian Museum, I. Families Corvidae, Paradiseidae, Ptilonorhynchidae,
and Crateropodidae: i-xv, 1-115.— Calcutta.
Finsch, O., 1884. Ueber Vögel der Südsee.— Mitt. Orn. Ver. Wien 8: 108-109.
Fischer, G., 181184. Notice sur le Choucas de la Russie.— Mem. Soc. Imp. Natur. Moscou. 1: 1-4.
Floericke, C., 1921a. Systematisches.— Mitt. Vogelwelt 19(3/4): 103-107.
Floericke, C., 1921b. Systematisches.— Mitt. Vogelwelt 20(1/2): 36-38.
Fransen, C.H.J.M., L.B. Holthuis & J.P.H.M. Adema, 1997. Type-catalogue of the Decapod Crustacea inthe collections of the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, with appendices of pre-1900 collectors
and material.— Zool. Verh. Leiden 311: 1-344.
Gavrilenko, N.I., 1929. [The birds of the Government of Poltava.] [In Russian]: 1-133.— Poltava.
Gengler, J., 1919. Einige kritische Bemerkungen zu den paläarktischen Corviden.— J. Orn. 67: 215-223.
Gmelin, J.F., 1788. Systema Naturae, per regna tria Natura: secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera,
Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 1 Pars 1: 1-500.— Lyon.
Gmelin, S.G., 1774. Reise durch Russland zur Untersuchung der drey Natur-Reiche. 3: 1-503.— St.
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Goodwin, D., 1976. Crows of the World: i-vi, 1-354.— N.Y.
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Gould, J., 1836. [Interesting birds in the Society’s collection.].— Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. (4): 17-19.
Gould, J., 1838. [A fourth species of the genus Dendrocitta].— Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. (1837): 80.
Gould, J., 1845. [A number of birds from China].— Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. (1845): 1-3.
Gould, J., 1849 (Dec.). Description of a new species of Nutcracker.— Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. (1849): 23.
Gould, J., 1850 (Jan.). Birds of Asia. Part 1, pl. 53 (bound in Vol. 5).— London.
Gould, J., 1861 (May). Birds of Asia. Part 13, pl. 51 (bound in Vol. 5).— London.
Gould, J., 1862a (May). Birds of Asia. Part 14, pl. 55 (bound in Vol. 5).— London.
Gould, J., 1862b. [Two new species of hummingbird, a new Fregilus from the Himalayas and a speciesof Prion.].— Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. (1862): 124-125.
Gould, J., 1863. Descriptions of sixteen new species of birds from the island of Formosa, collected byRobert Swinhoe Esq., Her Majesty’s Vice-Consul at Formosa.— Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. (1862):
280-286.
Gray, J. E., 1830-32. Illustrations of Indian zoology chiefly selected from the collections of MajorGeneral Hardwicke, FRS. 1: pl. 1-100.— London.
Griffith, E., 1829.— In: E. Griffith & E. Pidgeon, 1827-30. The animal kingdom arranged in conformity
with its organization by the Baron Cuvier with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto
named, and of many not before noticed. 3. Aves: 1-690. London.
Gyldenstolpe, N., Count, 1920. [A new tree-pie from Siam].— Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 41: 32-33.
Gyldenstolpe, N., Count, 1926. Types of birds in the Royal Natural History Museum in Stockholm.—
Arkiv Zool. 19A(1): 1-116.
Hachisuka, M., 1942. A new name for the Japanese Blue Magpie.— Dobutsu Zasshi 54(12): 505.
Harrisson, T.H. & C.H. Hartley, 1934. [New races from mountain areas in Borneo].— Bull. Brit. Orn.
Cl. 54: 148-160.
Hartert, E., 1897. Notes on Palaearctic birds and allied forms.— Novit. Zool. 4: 131-147.
Hartert, E., 1903. Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. 1(1): i-xi, 1-112.— Berlin.
Hartert, E., 1910. The birds of Hainan.— Novit. Zool. 17: 189-254.
Hartert, E., 1917. The subspecies of Cyanopica cyanus.— Novit. Zool. 24: 493.

84 May date from 1806. The volume in the NHM, Tring is annotated with the suggestion that the initialcommemorative pages are from 1806 and this article, which follows, is from a ‘second edition’ in 1811.
It has not been possible to investigate this further.

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141

Hartert, E., 1918. Garrulus bispecularis and its allies, with list of all forms of Garrulus.— Novit. Zool. 25:
430-433.
Hartert, E., 1919. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. B. Types in the General Collection.— Novit.
Zool. 26: 123-178.
Hartert, E., 1923. Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Nachtrag. 1: 1-92.— Berlin.
Hartert, E., 1928. Types of birds in the Tring Museum. C. Additional and overlooked types.— Novit.
Zool. 34: 189-230.
Hartert, E. & F. Steinbacher, 1932. Die Vögel der paläarktischen Fauna. Ergänzungsband. 1: 1-96.—
Berlin.
Hartlaub, G., 189985. Zwei Beiträge zur Ornithologie Asiens. I. Nachträgliches zur Ornithologie Chinas
und insbesondere Hainans.— Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 16(2): 245-256 (1898).
Hemprich, F.W. & C.G. Ehrenberg, 1833. Footnotes in fol. z.— In: C.G. Ehrenberg, 1828-33. Symbolae
physiciae seu icones et descriptiones corporum naturalium novorum aut minus cognitorum, quae
ex itin eribus per Libyam Aegyptum Nubiam Dongolam Syriam Arabiam et Habessiniam publico
institutis sumptu Friderici Guilelmi Hemprich et Christiani Godofredi Ehrenberg Medicinae et
Chirurgiae Doctorum studio annis MDCCCXX-MDCCCXXV redierunt, fol. a-z, aa-gg. Berlin.
Hodgson, B.H., 1849. [Pica Tibetana and Corvus Tibetanus].— In: T. Horsfield, 1849. Brief notice ofseveral Mammalia and birds discovered by B.H. Hodgson Esq. in Upper India. Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. (2)3: 202-203.
Holthuis, L.B. & T. Sakai, 1970. Ph. F. von Siebold and Fauna Japonica. A history of early JapaneseZoology. 1-323.— Tokyo.
Horsfield, T., 1821. A systematic arrangement and description of birds from the island of Java.—
Trans. Linn. Soc. London. 13: 133-200.
Horsfield, T., 1840. List of Mammalia and Birds collected in Assam by John McClelland, Esq., AssistantSurgeon in the service of the East India Company, Bengal Establishment, Member of the late Deputation which was sent into that country for the purpose of investigating the nature of the Tea
Plant.— Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. (1839): 146-167.
Hume, A.O., 1871. Stray notes on Ornithology in India. VII.— Ibis (3)1: 403-413.
Hume, A.O., 1873.— In: G. Henderson & A.O. Hume, 1873. Lahore to Yarkand: i-xiv, 1-370. London.
Hume, A.O., 1874a. New species of birds exhibited and characterized.— Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal(1874): 106-108.
Hume, A.O., 1874b. A first list of the birds of the Tenasserim provinces.— Stray feathers 2(6): 467-484.
Hume, A.O., 1874c. Novelties.— Stray Feathers 2(6): 503-523.
Hume, A.O., 1877. Novelties.— Stray Feathers 5(2): 100-117.
Ingram, C., 1910. [A new form of Nutcracker from Formosa.].— Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 25: 86-87.
I.C.Z.N., 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature: i-xxix, 1-306.— London.
James, H.F., P.G.P. Ericson, B. Slikas, F. Lei, F.B. Gill & S.L. Olson, 2003. Pseudopodoces humilis: a misclassified terrestrial tit (Paridae) of the Tibetan Plateau: evolutionary consequences of shifting
adaptive zones.— Ibis 145(2): 185-202.
Jerdon, T.C., 1862. Notice of some new species of birds from Upper Burmah.— Ibis 4(1): 19-23.
Jerdon, T.C., 1863. The Birds of India being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental
India; with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief notice of suchfamilies as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially adapted for India.
2(1): 1-439.— Calcutta.
Jerdon, T.C., 1864. The Birds of India being a natural history of all the birds known to inhabit continental India; with descriptions of the species, genera, families, tribes, and orders, and a brief
notice of such families as are not found in India, making it a manual of ornithology specially
adapted for India. 2(2): i-viii, 441-876.— Calcutta.

85 This date is taken from wrapper of a separate held personally. ECD.

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Keve, A., 1943. Einige neue Vogelrassen aus Asien.— Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math-Naturwiss. 80(3):16-22.
Kinnear, N.B., 1925. The dates of publication of the plates of the birds in Gray and Hardwicke’s Illustrations of Indian Zoology with a short account of General Harwicke.— Ibis (12)1: 484-489.
Kinnear, N.B. & H. Whistler, 1930. [Two new races of the Indian Treepie.].— Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 51: 17-18.
Kleiner, A., 1939. The Jackdaws of the Palaearctic Region, with descriptions of three new races.— Bull.
Brit. Orn. Cl. 60: 11-14.
Kleiner, E.86, 1940. Rendszertani tanulmanyok a Kapatok medencejenek varju-felein es azok foldrajzi
fajtakorein. [Systematic studies on the corvids of the Carpathian Basin with a revision of their‘Rassenkreise’] [In Hungarian and German].— Aquila 42-45 (1935-38): 141-190 (Hung.), 191-226(German).
Kleinschmidt, O., 191987. Neubeschriebungen von Vögeln und Schmetterlingen.— Falco 14(2): 15-17(1918).
Kleinschmidt, O., 1935. Die Formenkreise Dohle Corvus Coloeus (Kl.).— In: Berajah, 1935. Zoographia
infinita. 1-4, pl. I-VI. Halle.
Kleinschmidt, O., 1940. Nomenklatorische und systematische Bemerkungen über die Gattung Corvus.—
Falco 36: 22-25.
Kleinschmidt, O. & H. Weigold, 1922a.(Jan.).— In: O. Kleinschmidt, 1922 (‘Jan.’). Neues. Falco 18(1):1-3.
Kleinschmidt, O. & H. Weigold, 1922b (15 Sept.)88. Zoologische Ergebnisse der Walter Stotznerschen
Expeditionen nach Szetschwan, Osttibet und Tschili. 3 Teil. Aves. 1. Corvidae, Certhidae, Sittidae,
Paridae, Cinclidae.— Abh. Ber. Zool. Anthropol.-Ethnograph. Mus. Dresden 15(3): 1-18.
Koelz, W.N., 1951. New birds from India.— J. Zool. Soc. India 3(1): 27-30.
Kumagai, S., 1926. [On an apparently new subspecies of Corvus corone from Sakhalin.] [In Japanese].—Tori 5: 127-132.
Kuroda, N., 1922. Notes on the birds of Tsushima and Iki Islands, Japan.— Ibis (11)4: 75-105.
Kuroda, N., 1923. [New subspecies from Japan].— Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 43: 86-91.
Kuroda, N., 1927. Description of an apparently new form of Jay from the Island of Hokkaido, Japan.—
Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 47: 149-150.
Latham, J., 1787. Supplement to the General Synopsis of Birds: i-iv, 1-298.— London.
Latham, J., 1790. Index ornithologicus, sive systema ornithologiæ; complectens avium divisionem inclasses, ordines, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates: adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus,& c. 1: i-xviii, 1-500.— London.
Latham, J., 1802. Supplementum Indicis ornithologici sive Systematis ornithologiae (1801): i-lxxiv.—
London.
la Touche, J.D.D., 1915. [A new species of Jay from Northern China.].— Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 35: 98-99.
la Touche, J.D.D., 1922. New subspecies of Chinese birds.— Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 43: 41-44.
la Touche, J.D.D., 1923. New subspecies of birds from China.— Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 43: 80-81.
Laubmann, A., 1913. Über eine neue Rabenform aus Baluchistan.— Orn. Monatsber. 21: 93-94.
Laubmann, A., 1917. Eine neue Rabenkrähe aus Japan.— Verh. Orn. Ges. Bayern. 13(2): 201-202.
Lesson, R.P., 183189.— In; R.P. Lesson, 1830-31. Traité d’Ornithologie ou Tableaux Méthodiques: i-xxxii,
1-659. Paris.

86 E. for Endre (Hungarian for Andrew], not A. [Andreas] which appears in the German version.
87 Date supplied by S. Eck from the title page of this issue.
88 Date supplied from Dresden records by S. Eck.
89 It is known that Livr. 1-4 of this work appeared in 1830 and Livr. 7 and 8 in 1831 (Zimmer, 1926: 387).

He did not accept ‘Feb. 1831’ for Livr. 6 which had been used by Mathews (1911), but used ‘about March
1, 1831’. For Livr. 5 we use 1831 here as shorthand for ‘1830/1832 but not later than 28th. February, 1831’.
All the corvids named in here we believe to have been in Livr. 5 (Mathews suggested the content was
pp. 321-400, but Zimmer, op cit., was doubtful as to the extent of this and subsequent Livraisons).

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Levaillant, F., 1798. Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux d’Afrique. 1: 1-129, pls. 1-49.— Paris.
Levaillant, F., 1800. Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux d’Afrique. 2: 1-151, pls. 50-97.— Paris.
Lichtenstein, H.90, 1823. Verzeichniss der Doubletten des zoologischen Museums der Königl. Universitäts zu Berlin nebet Beschreibung vieler bisher unbekannter Arten von Säugethieren, Vögeln,
Amphibien und Fischen: i-x, 1-118.— Berlin.
Linnaeus, C., 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria Naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera,
Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 1: 1-823.— Holmiae.
Lönnberg, A.J.E., 1908. Contributions to the Ornis of Saghalin.— J. Coll. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo 23(14):1-69.
Lönnberg, A.J.E., 1909. Notes on birds collected by Mr. Otto Bamberg in southern Transbaicalia andNorthern Mongolia.— Arkiv för Zool. 5(9): 1-42.
Lönnberg, A.J.E., 1923. Några ord om fågelfaunan i norra Kina. [Notes on the avifauna of northern
China.].— Fauna och Flora 18(6): 263-280.
Madarász, J.v.G., 1904. Die Ceylon-Krahe.— Orn. Monatsber. 12: 195-196.
Madarász, J.v.G., 1911. Description of some new birds from Ceylon.— Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungarici 9:420-422.
Madge, S. & H. Burn, 1993. Crows and Jays: i-xxiii, 1-191.— London.
Martens, J., J. Böhner & K. Hammerschmidt, 2000. Calls of the Jungle Crow (Corvus macrorhynchoss.l.) as a taxonomic character.— J. Orn. 141: 275-284.
Mathews, G.M., 1911. On some necessary alterations in the nomenclature of birds. Part II.— Novit.
Zool. 18: 1-22.
Mathews, G.M. & T. Iredale, 1915. On the ‘Table des planches enlum.’ of Boddaert.— Austral. Av. Rec.
3(2): 31-51.
McAllan, I.A.W. & M.D. Bruce, 2002. Systematic notes on Asian birds. 27. On the dates of publicationof John Gould’s ‘A Century of birds from the Himalaya Mountains’.— Zool. Verh. Leiden 340:
161-177.
Mees, G.F., 1986. A list of the birds recorded from Bangka Island, Indonesia.— Zool. Verh. Leiden 232:
1-176.
Meinertzhagen, R., 1926. Introduction to a review of the genus Corvus.— Novit. Zool. 33(2): 57-121.
Meise, W., 1932. Neue Subspecies aus Sibirien und der Mandschurei.— Orn. Monatsber. 40(2): 43-44.
Meise, W. 1937. Cyanopica cyanus kansuensis Meise nova subsp.— In: E. Stresemann, W. Meise & M.
Schönwetter, 1937. “Aves Beickianae. Beiträge zur Ornithologie von Nordwest-Kansu nach den
Forschungen von Walter Beick in den Jahren 1926-1933.” J. Orn. 85(3): 375-576 (part 1).
Meyer, A.B., 1884. Über neue und ungenügend bekannte Vögel im Königl. Zoologischen Museum zu
Dresden.— Z. ges. Ornithol. (Budapest) 1: 193-219.
Momiyama, T.T., 1927a. [Six new birds from Japan, Korea and Sakhalin.].— Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 48: 19-21.
Momiyama, T.T., 1927b. Descriptions of twenty five new birds and three additions from Japanese
territories.— Annot. Orn. Orient. 1(1): 1-80 (Jap.); 81-101 (Eng.).
Momiyama, T.T., 1927c. Systematic list of the birds collected in Quelpart Island.— Annot. Orn. Orient.
1(1): 115-141.
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90 This is M.H.C. Lichtenstein.

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Reichenow, A., 1897. Über einen Heher des östlichen Himalaja.— Orn. Monatsber. 5: 123.
Reichenow, A., 1904. Uebersicht der auf der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition gesammelten Vogel.— In:
C. Chun, 1904. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem dampfer‘Valdivia’ 1898-99. 7: 343-358 (1903-04).— Jena.
Reichenow, A., 1905. Bericht über die Januar-Sitzung 1905.— J. Orn. 53: 423-425.
Reichenow, A., 1907. Corvus hassi n. sp.— Orn. Monatsber. 15: 51-52.
Rensch, B., 1928. Neue Vogelrassen von den Kleinen Sunda-Inseln I.— Orn. Monatsber. 36(1): 6-10.
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91 Severtsov (1875: 423) wrote that is was published in December 1872, however allowing for calendar
differences this is best treated as 1873.
92 Sherborn (1895) believed plate 541-567 in Vol. 14 to have been published in 1802 and pls. 568-588
in 1803.

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93 Sometimes rendered as W. Taczanowski: his name Ladislas was Wladislaw in Polish.

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147

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94 Dickinson (2001: 31) discussed the dating of the original description. Unfortunately the text became

confused and said ‘based on Glaucopis aterrimus Temminck (Pl. 265, livraison 45) …’. In fact plate 265
which appeared in April 1824 was of the related form Glaucopis leucopterus. Plate 337 of Glaucopis temnura appeared in April 1825 and the text dealing with Glaucopis aterrimus is added to that. Dickinson(2001) concluded that the text on Glaucopis temnura had been reissued, with text on Glaucopis aterrimus
added to it, when Livr. 80 was issued in Sept. 1829.

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Appendix 1
Brüggemann’s three names
Three names are included in the table provided in the main paper. These, Corvus fallax Brüggemann,
1876, Corvus modestus Brüggemann, 1876, and Corvus annectens Brüggemann, 1876, might be better
treated as indeterminate. The notes below provide what background we have discovered.
The paper in which they were described, and in which their bills were depicted, stated that C.
annectens was from Celebes (= Sulawesi) and implied, by its title, that the other two were found in
Sulawesi or in the Sangir islands - off the northern tip of Sulawesi.
The origins, of at least C. modestus and C. fallax, were soon challenged (Blasius, 1883), and the laterannotation by Schneider on the label of annectens to the effect that it was collected at Gorontalo, wasquestioned too (e.g. by Meinertzhagen, 1926). In fact von Rosenberg collected in the northern Moluccas
and New Guinea in 1868-1869 (Fransen et al., 1997) where these crows may have come from, but
Brüggemann apparently must have thought the birds he described had been collected earlier: vonRosenberg had been in Celebes in 1863 and 1864. According to Van Steenis-Krusemann (1950) von
Rosenberg employed native collectors and was described as an idler. The evidence of these crows isthat von Rosenberg was careless about the localities on his labels, which also lacked dates. Much subsequent collecting in Sulawesi found only Corvus enca and Corvus typicus (Stresemann, 1940).
Sharpe (1877) treated fallax as a synonym of C. enca and footnoted C. annectens saying that it ‘may be
specifically distinct’. He also listed modestus as a synonym of C. violacea [sic] without suggesting thatthe range of this species extended beyond Seram. It is apparent from Sharpe’s footnote that he had
dealt with Brüggemann’s paper at the last minute95 and had not examined the types. Blasius (1883), towhom Koch had sent the type of annectens, listed it and suggested it resembled macrorhynchus [sic].
Stresemann (1916: 289) appears to have examined the type of annectens and concluded that it should betreated as a synonym of C. coronoides orru. Meinertzhagen (1926) accepted this identity, but consideredthat orru probably did not occur in Sulawesi. He listed fallax in the synonymy of C. enca compilator(although noting that the species was indeterminate), and he listed modestus as a young specimen of
Corvus enca violaceus following Stresemann (1914), who apparently did see the type.

Final draft received: 12.v.2004
Accepted: 25.vi.2004
Edited: C. van Achterberg

95 Blasius (1883) dated Brüggemann’s paper from March 1876.