An Overview of Japan’s
High-Speed Railway : Shinkansen

Naoki Fujii
Deputy Director-General, Railway Bureau, MLIT
February 11, 2013

1
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Topics

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

1. Main Features and Advantages of Shinkansen
2. Government Supports for Shinkansen
3. Benefits brought by Shinkansen2Current High Speed Rail (Shinkansen) Network
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
JR EastTotal Length： 2,388 km

JR Central
JR WestSapporoAkita Line

JR Kyushu(Upgraded conventional line)

Shin-Hakodate

UnderConstruction

2016

Yamagata Line(Upgraded conventional line)

Hachinohe

Plannedline

Joetsu Shinkansen (270km)

1997

Hokuriku Shinkansen (117km)
Sanyo Shinkansen (554km) Kanazawa
Hakata1975

Nagasaki

2004

Nagano1972Shin-Osaka

1997

12 Mar 2011
Shin-Yatsushiro

Kyushu Shinkansen (257km)

Kagoshima-Chuo

2015

Tsuruga

Okayama

Niigata

Nagoya

1982

1999
1992

As of 2011

Shin-Aomori

4 Dec 2010

2002
MoriokaTohoku Shinkansen (675km)

1982

Sendai

1982

Takasaki

Omiya

1964
Tokyo

Tokaido Shinkansen (515km)

Omiya
1985

Ueno
1991

Tokyo
3

Safety, Frequency, Reliability, Ecology
Fatalities to date:

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

ZERO for 48 years
since the start of operation in 1964

Up to

14 services per hour thanks to train control technology

Average delay time :less than

1 min for 48 years

Excellent environmental performance

7.5

CO₂:

5

:

1

emission comparison
Automobile

Airplane

Shinkansen

4

Car Body (1) Lightweight

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism○ Comparison

Trainset (cars) - Seats (No.)
Train Weight (ton) *Train Weight/Seat (ton/seat)

Shinkansen

Shinkansen

Series E5

Series N700

10 - 731
454
0.62

16 - 1323
635
0.48

A train

B train

20 – 750
16 - 858766
818
1.020.95*Unloaded train data

Train weight per seat
(ton/seat)

10.62

1.02

0.95

A train

B train

0.48

0.5
0E5

N700Lower CO2 emissions & Energy consumption
5Car Body (2) Wide : Comfort and Large CapacityMinistry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
The car body of Shinkansen is wider than that of any other high speed rail
train.
Shinkansen
446-456

Morepassengers

400-410

Shinkansen: 3350-3360 mm

ComfortWidth(mm)Seat
Pitch(mm)Seats/Car(No./car)

Series E53350

1040

73.1

Series N700

33601040

82.7

Train A (TGV-R)

2904

900

37.5

Train B (ICE3)

2950

920

53.6
6

Small Infrastructure

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

The excellent air tightness of the car body of Shinkansen allows fortunnel cross sections to be constructed small.

64㎡
TGV・ICE90㎡

R=6,250

R=4,750○Tunnel Cross Section

Shinkansen

軌道中心間隔4.3m
Distance
in-between: 4.3m

Small

軌道中心間隔4.5m
Distance in-between: 4.5m

Large
7

The Competitiveness among the Other Transport Modes
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism○ Passenger shares for the modes of passenger transport between Tokyo and Fukuoka
Tokyo–Nagoya

71%

5% 23%

Tokyo–Osaka

77%

Tokyo–Okayama

64%

Tokyo–Hiroshima

55%

Tokyo–Fukuoka
Populationof cities(2008)

Tokyo0km

19% 4%
34%

BusAirplane

Car2%
42%

9%

Railway

2%
1%

90%

Source: Inter-Regional Passenger Mobility Survey FY 2007
8.3

2.2

3.6

Yokohama
30km
5.8 3.5 3.6

Nagoya366km
5.0

Ahmedabad Anand/Nadiad Vadodara Surat
235km
0km
54km
103km

2.6

Osaka
553km

0.69

1.2

Okayama Hiroshima
733km
894km

1.4

Fukuoka
1,175km

12.0

Mumbai500km(million)
8Topics

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

1. Main Features and the Advantages of Shinkansen
2. Government Supports for Shinkansen
3. Benefits brought by Shinkansen

9Financial Supports for the Railway Construction
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

After 1997,-Central and local governments pay for the construction cost.
-Operators (JRs) no longer shoulder the burden of the construction cost.
-This scheme ensures the sustainable operation of the JRs.
JR (operator)

Lease
TracksPay LeaseFee

JRTT*(Builder and owner of tracks）＜Financial Supports＞
Subsidize
2/3 of construction cost

Japanese (central)government
Local governments
1/3 of construction cost
*JRTT: The Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency

10

Other Supports for the Railway Construction
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
In case of Shinkansen construction extending across local authorities,
under entrustment from JRTT, local governments themselves purchaseland for quick and smooth acquisition.
Construction Period

DesignLand
Acquisition

Test
Run

Construction

The local governments, which know
the area very well, accelerate landacquisition.

DesignLand
Acquisition

Construction＊The cost of land acquisition belongs to JRTT.

Test
RunOpening

Opening

Shorter PeriodLess Interest
Low management
costControl Project
Cost
11Local Governments’ Supports for the development around station
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

BeforeArea around Sakudaira station

Planned Station

Hokuriku
Shinkansen

165km from Tokyo Station
1.5km from the center of Saku City
12

Local Governments’ Supports for the development around station
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism■Land rezoning project around the station＜Local Government’s Vision＞－Shopping, Business and Housing area

■Integrated city planning utilizing existingcity area and the area surrounding the station

Local government

Active participation■Development of the station buildingAfter(10years after opening) = Year 2007

Sakudaira St.

HokurikuShinkansen
13Topics

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

1. Main Features and Advantages of Shinkansen
2. Government Supports for Shinkansen
3. Benefits brought by Shinkansen

14

The effect of opening Sakudaira Sta.
(1)Population increasing(Saku City)

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism(2)Passenger increasing(Sakudaira Sta.)

1997（Opening yaer）

65,3501997（Opening year）

1,586/day2012（15 years after）

70,0402011（14 years after）

2,682/dayIncreased

4,690（7.2%UP）

increased

1,096/day（70%UP）＊The average increasing rate in Japan = ▲0.2%(2011)(3)Increasing of the asset tax revenue(around Sakudaira Sta.)
1996（before opening）¥4.35M2012（16 years after）¥535.59M

increasing¥531.24M（×123）
15

Significant time saving
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Kyushu Shinkansen: Hakata - Kagoshima-Chuo (250 km)

Phase 2: Hakata - Shin-Yatsushiro
opened in March 2011
Phase 1: Shin-Yatsushiro - Kagoshima-Chuo
opened in March 2004

■ Significant time saving
3’40”
Before Opening

2’12”
After phase 1 opening(Shin-Yatsushiro - Kagoshima-Chuo)

About 1’20”
After opening of entire line (phases 1 & 2 )（Hakata - Kagoshima-Chuo）

16

Benefits of High-Speed Rail
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism■ Huge impact on local economies
as a result of the increase in visitor numbers

the entire line opened in March 2011

Visitors to Kagoshima Prefecture
Ripple Effect on Economyof Kagoshima Prefecture

Increased by 24.5%(year-on-year basis)

460 million dollars(since the opening of the entire line)
Source; Kagoshima Regional Economic Research Institute17

Related Businesses Contributing to Railway Projects
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

BeforeHakata Station (Kyushu Shinkansen)

18Related Businesses Contributing to Railway Projects
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

After

Hakata Station (Kyushu Shinkansen)

19Wide-ranging Benefits of Shinkansen

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Shinkansen brings job creation and regional economic development.

infrastructure construction
rolling-stock manufacturing

rail track maintenance
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ConclusionMinistry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Japan will contribute to realization of HSR in India with united efforts by
public and private sectors, through experience of Shinkansen operationfor 48 years.
■The advanced Shinkansen Technology- Safety, Reliability, Ecology etc.

■Regional Development which unify withShinkansen Construction- Population and Visitors increasing, Ripple effect on Economy■Financial Supports Scheme- ODA Yen Loan, JBIC Loan

Public Sector

Private Sector

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Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

Thank you