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2011年11月3日-5日 東京（芝浦工業大学）

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>$%!/Reduction of Output Voltage Fluctuation in Transcutaneous Energy Transmission Systemby Using Electrical Double Layer Capacitor ÑûƄÝƏĀnĤĻ¼ÄƐ  Ű²ŕkƏĀnĤĻ¼ÄƐ
¼Ē½źƏ°Ńáĥ¬ĬĵłIaJcƐ  zpƏ°Ńáĥ¬ĬĵłIaJcƐÔ  ŚqƏ°Ńáĥ¬ĬĵłIaJcƐ  ¿iőjƏ°Ńáĥ¬ĬĵłIaJcƐ

Takahiko YAMAMOTO, Tokyo University of Science
Kohji KOSHIJI, Tokyo University of Science
Kentaro OHNUMA, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
Hirohito SUMIKURA, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
Eisuke TATSUMI, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterYoshiyuki TAENAKA, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
Abstract: Transcutaneous energy transmission (TET) systems, which can provide the driving energy to a totallyimplantable artificial heart without invasion, are potential candidates for reducing the risk of infection as the cable
penetrates the skin. Recently, capacitor with high capacitance such as electric double layer capacitors (EDLC) is paid toattention. We have investigated the application of EDLC to TET system. As a result, the equivalent series resistance (ESR)
inside a capacitor has affected the driving voltage fluctuation resulting from a load change. In order to make an actuator
drive stably, it is necessary to reduce this voltage fluctuation. In this paper, we investigated the reduction method of theESR of EDLC with devising the connection of EDLC. Furthermore, the method of stabilizing the drive voltage to the loadchange was examined. As a result, connecting the EDLC in parallel reduced the ESR and the voltage variation. Thereby,
the actuator drive voltage was able to be stabilized.
Key Words: Transcutaneous Energy Transmission System, Electrical Double Layer Capacitor, Equivalent Series
Resistance, Voltage Fluctuation
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R_BcwŶFHNYƏTranscutaneous Energy Transmission
System : TETSƐ (2),(3)(ö2÷#8! 7ƒĘŮƆĲõ&ºƑĴõƁ"(72''¼Ɔ:ãţ#7oÓâŗ'ƋƆ±:ÅÈ7#(ƑoÓâŗ:ÅÈ}7e"żţ%ūƉ'd"7ƒ|*'µų:Œè7#ƑTETS (Î´"7#ø.
2''ƑdŘ&¼Ɔ:ō¡Ŗ%rć#7# TETS (¼´7ƒ'1ƑÎ´"6%5¼Ɔō¡Ŗ"6Ƒ 2ŭŜº'ƅ'ƋƆ±ºÎ%TETS :Éģ7ãţ7ƒ
 ŴØƑŝƆ'1'OS=H#!ƑƆĎkżÐDaO
aEƏElectrical Double Layer Capacitor : EDLCƐ(4)-(7)ĕİ8! 7ƒEDLC (Ƒ^L>Y=@akĉƆĐŇ'Ɔ
Đ#čŲ!ĴõƁ"'Ɔ¡Ŗ"6ƑĴõƁ"(72''¼Ɔ:ō¡Ŗ%$'Ġſ:÷! 7ƒ8:Ėħ7#&46ƑÎ´"6%5ƑoÓâŗ<CL\?cJ'ŭŜºõ'ƋƆ±:ÅÈ TETS 'ÉģùÞ"7ƒ 8."&ƑEDLC :ħ  TETS 'ö¼ōƆ3ŭ
Ŝºõ& 7ƋƆ±'ÅÈå& !ƑŪąŦ:Ş! (4)ƒûĿ"(ƑEDLC 'îŎóē'Ó¾&46

EDLC 'Ňıìë:yęƑŭŜºõ'ƋƆ±:
5&ÅÈ7óē& !ąŦ:Ş'"·§7ƒ
2. 65*)(ESR)>$%!
 ûĿ"(Ƒ<CL\?cJ%$'Ĉ¬:ÈĄƆ± 5 VƑƆė 1 A "Ƌ7#:æÈƑŔ± 2.3 VƑƇƆËŽ
10 F ' EDLC : 3 ıîŎ2':~ħƒ dŘ&ƑA[TFJ(Ɔ±'º:À7ŊÂ"6ƑA[TFJ C 'Ɔ± v #ė87Ɔė i &(Ú(1)'Ƃ6ƑäÒ%Ɔ±º(Ħ% ƒ %5ƑA[TFJŻ'ŇıìëƏEquivalent Series Resistance : ESRƐr &46ƑA[TFJ'ŅÂƆ±(Ú(2)'4 &ş8ƑĠ&ė87Ɔėº7#&46ƑŅÂƆ±(º7ƒ

1! i dtC v= v = ri +1! i dt
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3. ESR 9/ oÓâŗFHNY*' EDLC 'Źħ(Ƒ|»­ű&!ľŒ 587Ƒ<CL\?cJ*'ōƆ±'ÅÈƑö¼ōƆ'¦e#Ťğ 5Ƒòė×ĝ­ű'×ĝDaOaE#!'ĖħŒ 587ƒĲõ&ė87Ɔė¼º7oÓâŗ&!(ƑESR &ů®Ɔ±º¼Ħ7¡Ŗå7ƒ"(ƑESR :ĚÈƑ8:yę7óē& !ąŦ:Şƒ

0.5
0.45

ChargeDischarge

0.4
ESR [!]

0.35
0.3
0.25
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0.1

3-1 ESR 0& Fig.1 (d#!Ƒ Fig.2(b)&ķ­ű&!Ƒ6 V&Ɔ8ġç' EDLC :õ t=1 s 46 3 A dÈ'þ
vf"ðƆƅ'Ɔ±bƆėĔÜ"7ƒŅÂƆ±(ƑðƆƀÁ'ƅ& 6.0 V 5 5.6 V *# 0.4 V 'yfĦ!
6Ƒ8 ESR &47Ɔ±ƃf"7#Œ 587ƒt
e46ƑA[TFJ' ESR r (ŅÂƆ± 4)Ɔė'º!vƑ !i :ħ !Ú(3)'4 &ş#"7ƒr=!v!i(3)

71.5
104-0.5

3

Voltage

2Current-1-1.52

3
Voltage [V]

4

5

6

0.5
0.45
0.4

-2.5
-3

00.5

Fig.1

1Time [S]

1.5

2

-3.5

AESRVESREDLC (a) Charge            (b)Discharge
Fig.2 Measurement circuit on ESR
EDLC

0.2
0.1
0.05
0 Fig.2(a)'­ű&46ƑEDLC :Ɔė 0 A 'ġç 52 A "ƆƑÚ(3)&46¢Ɔ±& 7 ESR :ĚÈƒ.ƑFig.2(b)'­ű&46ƑEDLC &ė87 0 A 'ġç
5 2 A :ðƆƑÚ(3)&46¢Ɔ±& 7 ESR :ĚÈƒŌā: Fig.3 &ķƒ

V

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0.25
0.15

Characteristics of EDLC discharge

ACharge(Start : 0V)
Discharge(Start : 6V)

0.35

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1!

1

0.5

5

00Fig.3 ESR characteristics of EDLC in each voltage Ɔõ& 7 ESR ( 1.5 !ƑðƆõ 1.6 !#88&!,-dÈ"6ƑEDLC ' ESR ('ŅÂƆ±&Ã% Ġå:÷7#7ƒ
 ĉ&ƑEDLC :ŅÂƆ± 0 VƑƆė 0 A 'ġç 5ƆƑ¢Ɔė&Í7 ESR :ĚÈƒ5&Ƒ
EDLC 'ŅÂƆ± 6 VƑƆė 0 A 'ġç 5ðƆƑ¢ðƆƆė&Í7 ESR :ĚÈƒŌā: Fig.4 &ķƒ

ESR [!]

Voltage [V]60Current [A]

 

0.05

0Fig.40.5

1

1.5
2Current [A]

2.5

3

3.5

ESR characteristics of EDLC in each current Ɔ 4)ðƆ'Ɔė&Ã!ºƒ0.5 A3 A'ðƆň¯&! ESR 'ºĢ( 20ƎƑƆõ' ESR'ºĢ( 7%"ƒ
3-2 ESR / EDLC ' ESR :yę7óē#!ƑEDLC :Ţñh&îŎ7óēŒ 587ƒ"(ƑŔ± 2.3 VƑƇƆËŽ 10 F ' EDLC : 3 ıîŎ2':ŢñîŎƑ'#ƑEDLC 'ŅÂƆ± 6 VƑƆė 0 A 'ġç
5 3 A "ðƆƑÚ(3)&2#! ESR :ĚÈƒŌā: Fig.5 &ķƒ

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0.16

5.5

0.14

5.3
5.1

0.1
Voltage [V]ESR [!]

0.12

0.08
0.06
0.04

4.9
4.7
4.5
4.3

3.3F
6.6F
9.9F
13F
470uF (Aluminum electrolytic capacitor)

4.1

0.02

3.9

002

468
Capacitance [F]

1012

3.7

14

3.5

012

Fig.5 Characteristics between Capacitance vs. ESR
Fig.8
 ESR (ƇƆËŽ'¹&č!ęÏƒƇƆËŽ
:¹7#"ƑEDLC '|ŀ(¹72'' ESR(yę8Ƒė87Ɔė&Ã7ŅÂƆ±'º:yę¡Ŗ"7#¤õ&ƑĴõƁ& 7ö¼Ɔ'¦e2ùÞ"7ƒ
4. +.(1#: <3 EDLC ' ESR :yę7#&47ƑŭŜºõ'Ɔ±
ÅÈå& !ąŦ:ŞƒÉƌ­ű'Ćé: Fig.6 &ķ  ƒ TETS ' |  ­ ű : æ È   2 ' "  6 Ƒ FETƏField-Effect TransistorƐ:ħ ¤ùòė­ű"7ƒû­ű:ħ !|»46wŶ8mėƆ:ıė&ºï
7ƒ'1'mėƆ'ĔÜ( 100 kHz 'ĊÛĔ#ƒ"(ŉĪ'1ƑFig.7 &ķ4 &ƑŭŜ&ė87Ɔė: 1 A 4) 3 A 'ĳÜġ"6¨ù 1 ļ"ºƒ♡Experimental circuit

3.5

Current [A]

3
2.5

1.5

Output voltage waveform of load resistance

0.15
0.1
0.05

02

Fig.9

1
0.5
0Fig.7

123
Time [S]

4

560.2

02

050.25

Load
ResistanceFig.64

 Ɔ±'ºÖ(<_XƆťDaOaE' 0.58 V #čŲ!ƑEDLC 'ºÖ(Î #9 7ƒ85(ƑA[TFJ&ŝ 58ƆŜ<_XƆťDaOaE#čŲ!¼Ƒ46ŭŜ&Í!ÅÈĮ&Ɔ:ō¡Ŗ"#Ĥĩ"7ƒdŘĮ%«ħƆĜŨƏ100 VƐ& 7Ɔ±ºũËň¯(6%ĽÙ#8! 6Ƒ8:Œ&7#ƑũË"7ºÖ( 0.6 V #%7ƒûą
Ŧ&!ħ A[TFJ(+!8:ě! 72''Ƒ46ŭŜºÖ'¼ þvf&!( EDLC&47Ɔ±º'yę(÷ħ"7#Œ 587ƒ ¼ËŽA[TFJ:~ħƅ'Ɔ±º(ƑŭŜ&ė87Ɔėºƅ'äÒ%º#'ß'ŏ3 %º&Ɗ"7ƒœ(A[TFJ'ŇıìëƏEquivalent Series Resistance : ESRƐ&ů®72'"7'&ÍƑßœ( ESR #ËŽ'ŀ&46ş87õÈñ&ů®72'#Œ 587ƒEDLC 'ËŽ&Í785'Ɔ±ºÖ:88 Fig.9, 10 &ķƒVoltage fuluctuation [V]EDLC

3time [S]

6

Current waveform which flows the load resistor ŭŜìëgŅ'Ɔ±ĔÜ:ƑEDLC 'ËŽ:º%5ĚÈŌā: Fig.8 &ķƒ% ƑčŲ'1Ƒà
ÿ' TETS &!ħ 58! 7 470 µF '<_XƆťD

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68Capacitance [F]10Voltage fluctuation caused by ESR

1214

Voltage fuluctuation [V]

0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
00Fig.10

2468
Capacitance [F]101214

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6 ESR &ů®7äÒ%Ɔ±ºyę8! 7#9 7ƒ.Ƒßœ'Ɔ±º"7Ł3 %º(ƑƇƆËŽ'¹&x!ęÏƑƆ±'ÅÈå¦e#7ƒ
 8&Í!ƑčŲ'1&ķ<_XƆťDaOaE~ħõ'Ɔ±(ĳÜġ&ºƒ8(ƑEDLC #čŲ!<_XƆťDaOaE'ËŽ(Î 1&õÈñĴƑĴõƁ&ÈÕġç& ý#Ĥĩ"7#Œ 587ƒ
 te46ƑEDLC %$'A[TFJ'ËŽ:¹7#&46ƑESR (yę8ƑoÓâŗ%$'Ĉ¬&ō
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5.  ûĿ&!(ŴØĕİ8! 7 EDLC ' TETS *'Źħ& !ƑĠ&|­ű*'Źħ¡Ŗå& !ąŦ:Şƒ'ŌāƑ×ĝħDaOaE#! EDLC :~ħ¸£Ƒàÿ'<_XƆťDaOaE#čŲ!ŭŜ
º&Í!ÅÈƆ±&!Ɔō¡Ŗ"ƒ5&ƑEDLC :Ţñh&îŎ7#&46Ƒ
ESR yę8ƑŭŜº&#2% Ɔ±º:yę¡Ŗ"7#ô5 &%ƒ.ƑEDLC :h&îŎ7#&46ƑƇƆËŽ¹Ƒ8&#2%!õ
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