53. Plots of Cross Sections and Related Quantities

1

53. Plots of Cross Sections and Related Quantities

Updated in 2023. See various sections for details. For additional cross section results, please see
earlier editions of the Review of Particle Physics (https://pdg.lbl.gov/rpp-archive/).

53.1
53.2
53.3

Pseudorapidity Distributions in pp and pp Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average Hadron Multiplicities in Hadronic e+ e− Annihilation Events . . . . . . . .
Annihilation Cross Section Near MZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12553.1 Pseudorapidity Distributions in pp and pp Interactions
Revised August 2013 by D.R. Ward (Cavendish Lab.).

1/σ dσ/dη

Pseudorapidity Distributions in pp and p̄p Interactions
68
Alice pp 2360 GeV
Alice pp 900 GeV
UA5 SppS 900 GeV
UA5 SppS 546 GeV
UA5 SppS 200 GeV
UA5 pp ISR 53 GeV

Inclusive inelastic
543

Non single-diffractive

CMS pp 7000 GeV
CMS pp 2360 GeV
Alice pp 2360 GeV
CDF Tevatron 1800 GeV
CMS pp 900 GeV
Alice pp 900 GeV
UA5 SppS 900 GeV
CDF Tevatron 630 GeV
P238 SppS 630 GeV
UA5 SppS 546 GeV
UA5 SppS 200 GeV

7654322100112345Pseudorapidity η0012345Pseudorapidity η√
Figure 53.1: Charged particle pseudorapidity distributions in pp collisions for 53 GeV ≤ s ≤1800 GeV. UA5 data from the SppS are taken from [1], and from the ISR from [2]. The UA5
data are shown for both the full inelastic cross-section and with singly diffractive events excluded.
Additional non single-diffractive measurements are available from CDF at the Tevatron [3] andfrom P238 at the SppS [4]. These may be compared with both inclusive and non single-diffractive
measurements in pp collisions at the LHC from ALICE [5] and for non single-diffractive interactions
from CMS [6, 7]. (Courtesy of D.R. Ward, Cambridge Univ., 2013)

S. Navas et al. (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D 110, 030001 (2024)
31st May, 2024 10:14am

2

53. Plots of Cross Sections and Related Quantities

53.2 Average Hadron Multiplicities in Hadronic e+ e− Annihilation Events
Revised August 2023 by O. Biebel (Ludwig-Maximilians U.).
√Table 53.1: Average hadron multiplicities per hadronic e+ e− annihilation event at s ≈ 10, 29–35, 91, and 130–200 GeV. The rates given include decay products from resonances with cτ < 10 cm,and include the corresponding anti-particle state. Correlations of the systematic uncertainties wereconsidered for the calculation of the averages. Quoted errors are not increased by scale factor S.
√Particles ≈ 10 GeV
Pseudoscalar mesons:π+6.52 ± 0.110π
3.2 ± 0.3
K+
0.953 ± 0.018
K00.91 ± 0.05
η0.20 ± 0.04
η0(958)0.03 ± 0.01
D+
0.194 ± 0.019(a)D00.446 ± 0.032(a)+Ds
0.063 ± 0.014(a)
B (c)
—
B+—
0Bs
—
Scalar mesons:f0 (980)0.024 ± 0.006±a0 (980)—
Vector mesons:ρ(770)00.35 ± 0.04
ρ(770)±—
ω(782)
0.30 ± 0.08
K ∗ (892)+
0.27 ± 0.03
K ∗ (892)00.29 ± 0.03
φ(1020)0.044 ± 0.003∗+D (2010)
0.177 ± 0.022(a)∗0D (2007)
0.168 ± 0.019(a)Ds∗ (2112)+ 0.048 ± 0.014(a)B ∗ (i)—J/ψ(1S) 0.00050 ± 0.00005(a)ψ(2S)—Υ (1S)—
Pseudovector mesons:f1 (1285)—
f1 (1420)—χc1 (3510)—
Tensor mesons:f2 (1270)
0.09 ± 0.02
f20 (1525)—
K2∗ (1430)+—√√

s = 29–35 GeV

s = 91 GeV√

s = 130–200 GeVReferences

0.3 ± 0.4
5.83 ± 0.28
1.48 ± 0.09
1.48 ± 0.07
0.61 ± 0.07

17.02 ± 0.19
9.42 ± 0.32
2.228 ± 0.059
2.049 ± 0.026
1.049 ± 0.080

0.26 ± 0.10
0.17 ± 0.03
0.45 ± 0.070.45 ± 0.20(b)———0.152 ± 0.020
0.175 ± 0.016
0.454 ± 0.030
0.131 ± 0.021
0.134 ± 0.016(d)0.141 ± 0.004(d)0.054 ± 0.011(d)[8–17][12, 18–23][9–17, 24, 25][12, 17, 20, 26–36][12, 18, 19, 22, 23,37–40][20, 39, 41–43][12, 44–47][12, 44–47][8, 39, 44, 47–49][46, 50][51][52, 53]

0.05 ± 0.02(e)—0.146 ± 0.012
0.27 ± 0.11(f )[41, 54–56][43]

0.81 ± 0.08——
0.64 ± 0.05
0.56 ± 0.061.231 ± 0.098
2.40 ± 0.43(f )1.016 ± 0.065
0.714 ± 0.055
0.738 ± 0.024[9, 12, 55, 57, 58][43][40, 42, 43, 57][9, 12, 33, 57, 59, 60][9, 12, 36, 57, 58, 61,62][12, 36, 56–58, 61][12, 44–46, 63, 64][12, 44, 45][48, 65][66, 67][68–73][71, 73, 74][75]

0.085 ± 0.011
0.0963 ± 0.0032
0.43 ± 0.07
0.1937 ± 0.0057(g)0.27 ± 0.11——
0.101 ± 0.048(h)—0.288 ± 0.026—
0.0052 ± 0.0004(j)—0.0023 ± 0.0004(j)—0.00014 ± 0.00007(j)———0.165 ± 0.051
0.056 ± 0.012
0.0041 ± 0.0011(j)0.14 ± 0.04—
0.09 ± 0.03

0.166 ± 0.020
0.012 ± 0.006—

31st May, 2024

21.24 ± 0.39
2.82 ± 0.19
2.10 ± 0.12

[76]
[76]
[71, 74][54–56, 77][55][55, 78]53. Plots of Cross Sections and Related Quantities

3Particle√s ≈ 10 GeV√√

s = 29–35 GeV

s = 91 GeV√

s = 130–200 GeV

K2∗ (1430)0B ∗∗ (k)±Ds1∗±Ds2Baryons:
p—
—
—
—

0.12 ± 0.06———

0.084 ± 0.022
0.118 ± 0.024
0.0052 ± 0.0011(`)
0.0083 ± 0.0031(`)

0.266 ± 0.008

0.640 ± 0.050

1.050 ± 0.032

1.41 ± 0.18

Λ

0.093 ± 0.006(a)0.205 ± 0.010

0.3915 ± 0.0065

0.39 ± 0.03

Σ00.0221 ± 0.0018(a)
Σ−—
Σ+—
Σ±—
−
Ξ
0.0055 ± 0.0004(a)++∆(1232)0.040 ± 0.010−
Σ(1385)0.006 ± 0.002
Σ(1385)+ 0.0062 ± 0.0011(a)Σ(1385)± 0.0106 ± 0.0020
Ξ(1530)0 0.00130 ± 0.00010(a)Ω−
0.00060 ± 0.00033(a)—0.078 ± 0.010—
0.081 ± 0.010—
0.107 ± 0.011—
0.174 ± 0.009
0.0176 ± 0.0027 0.0262 ± 0.0009—
0.085 ± 0.014
0.017 ± 0.004
0.0240 ± 0.0017
0.017 ± 0.004
0.0239 ± 0.0015
0.033 ± 0.008
0.0472 ± 0.0027—
0.00694 ± 0.00049
0.014 ± 0.007 0.00124 ± 0.00018

Λ+c0.0480 ± 0.0036(a,m)

0.110 ± 0.050

0.0591 ± 0.0047(n)Λ0bΣc0Λ(1520)—0.0025 ± 0.0004(a)0.0046 ± 0.0004(a)———0.031 ± 0.016—
0.0222 ± 0.0027[54, 55, 79]
[80]
[81]
[81]
[10, 13–17, 24, 25,77][17, 20, 34, 36, 77,82–85][10, 59, 82, 86–88][88, 89][87, 88][84, 88][9, 59, 77, 82–85][90–92][59, 82, 84, 85, 93][59, 82–85, 93][59, 82, 84, 85, 93][59, 82, 83, 85, 94][59, 77, 82, 83, 85,86][47, 49, 77, 83, 95,96]
[97]
[83]
[83, 85, 89, 98](a) σhad = 3.33 ± 0.05 ± 0.21 nb (CLEO: [99]) has been used in converting the measured crosssections to average hadron multiplicities.
(b) B(Ds → ηπ, η 0 π) was used (RPP 1994).
(c) Comprises both charged and neutral B meson states.
(d) The Standard Model B(Z → bb̄) = 0.217 was used.
(e) xp = p/pbeam > 0.1 only.
(f ) Both charge states.
(g) B(D∗ (2010)+ → D0 π + ) × B(D0 → K − π + ) has been used (RPP 2000).
(h) B(Ds∗ → DS+ γ), B(Ds+ → φπ + ), B(φ → K + K − ) have been used (RPP 1998).
(i) Any charge state (i.e., Bd∗ , Bu∗ , or Bs∗ ).
(j) B(Z → hadrons) = 0.699 was used (RPP 1994).
(k) Any charge state (i.e., Bd∗∗ , Bu∗∗ , or Bs∗∗ ).
++(`) Assumes B(Ds1→ D∗+ K 0 + D∗0 K + ) = 100% and B(Ds2→ D0 K + ) = 45%.
+(m) Derived from the production cross section of Λ+c → pπK using (a) and using B(Λc → pπK) =(6.26 ± 0.29)% (RPP 2022).
(n) Derived from [96], updated with B(Λ+c → pπK) = (6.26 ± 0.29)% (RPP 2022), and comple31st May, 2024

453. Plots of Cross Sections and Related Quantities
mented by the Λ+c contribution from g → cc̄ of [47].
References grouped by collaboration for Table-53.1:• RPP: [12]• ALEPH: [13, 20, 40, 58, 59, 63, 70, 81],
• ARGUS: [8, 24, 37, 41, 57, 82, 90, 98],
• BaBar: [10, 48, 68, 95],
• Belle: [44, 69, 83],
• CELLO: [19, 26],
• CLEO: [9, 45, 49, 99],
• Crystal Ball: [38],• DELPHI: [14, 17, 21, 25, 33, 46, 50–52, 55, 61, 66, 71, 76, 80, 84, 86, 89, 91, 94],
• HRS: [27, 54, 78, 93],
• L3: [22, 34, 42, 67, 72, 74, 87]• MARK II: [29, 39],
• JADE: [18, 28],
• OPAL: [15, 23, 35, 43, 47, 53, 56, 60, 62, 64, 65, 73, 75, 79, 85, 88, 92, 97],
• PLUTO: [30]
• SLD: [16, 36],
• TASSO: [31]
• TPC: [32].

31st May, 2024

553. Plots of Cross Sections and Related Quantities

53.3 Annihilation Cross Section Near MZ
Courtesy of M. Grünewald and the LEP Electroweak Working Group, 2007.

Figure 53.2: Combined data from the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3, and OPAL Collaborations forthe cross section in e+ e− annihilation into hadronic final states as a function of the center-of-massenergy near the Z pole. The curves show the predictions of the Standard Model with two, three, andfour species of light neutrinos. The asymmetry of the curve is produced by initial-state radiation.
Note that the error bars have been increased by a factor ten for display purposes. References:
ALEPH [100], DELPHI [101], L3 [102], OPAL [103], Combination [104],

31st May, 2024

653. Plots of Cross Sections and Related Quantities

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