THE KEYNOTE ADDRESS, PLENARY PRESENTATIONS AND
KOHUT MEMORIAL LECTURE
For details on each session, please click on the links below:

Opening Keynote Address: In Praise of Edges, With a Nod to the Edgy
Plenary I and II: The Creative Edges of Self-Psychological Theory: Permeable Boundaries,
Complex Selfobjects and Empathy on a Continuum
Plenary III: Working at the Intersection of Developmental and Sociocultural Trauma: A
Clinical Conversation
Plenary IV: Expanding the Edges of Self Psychology: Harm Reduction, Creative Arts,
and Guided Imagery.
Post-Plenary Discussion Groups: Will occur after Plenaries I&II and after Plenary III.
Kohut Memorial Lecture: Kohut and MeOPENING NIGHT KEYNOTE PRESENTATION:
In Praise of Edges, With a Nod to the Edgy
Thursday, October 19, 2023 6:30 – 8:00pm

Presenter:
Moderator:

Elizabeth Corpt, LICSW
Donna Orange, PhD, PsyD

Abstract:
Self-psychology’s Marion Tolpin first proposed the concepts of the forward edge and the trailing edge. These
concepts capture the optimism within Self psychology – its developmental thrust across the lifespan -and thetensions inherent in negotiating the edges between past, present, and future: between maintaining
attachments to the familiar, however dear or inhibiting, and welcoming the edges of growth, open futures, andfreedom. What are the forward edges of our field today and are they, as Tolpin reminded us, deeply buried
under our trailing edges, and therefore, very hard to find? My talk today will concern my thoughts on what I
see as some of our trailing edges, and our forward edges. Relying on the informal definition of edgy as “at theforefront, experimental or avant garde”, I challenge us to take some risks in forging new territory.
Learning Objectives:
At the conclusion of this presentation, participants will be able to:
1. Articulate some of the trailing edges and forward edges of the field of Self psychology.
2. Discuss some potential edgy new territories for Self psychology.

Presenter Bio:
Elizabeth Corpt, LICSW is Past-President, Supervising Analyst, Faculty Member, and Board Member at theMassachusetts Institute for Psychoanalysis, Teaching Associate, at the Harvard Medical School, Department of
Psychiatry at the Cambridge Health Alliance Program for Psychotherapy. She has written, published, andpresented nationally and internationally on topics such as clinical generosity, the impact of social class on theforming of an analytic identity, and relational ethics. She is on the council of the International Association of
Psychoanalytic Self Psychology, and a member of IARPP. At the American Psychoanalytic Association January
Meetings in NYC she co-leads a discussion group with Peter Shabad on “Embracing or Foreclosing Change,
Deepening Our Understanding”. Her two most recent publications are “The Complications of Caring and the
Ethical Turn in Psychoanalysis” published in the The Ethical Turn: Otherness and subjectivity in contemporary
psychoanalysis, a volume of the Relational Book Series, (2016), and “Maternal Ethics and the Therapeutic Workof Protecting Open Futures” published in Psychoanalytic Inquiry, (2017). She maintains a private practice in
Arlington, MA.

References:
Corpt, E. (2017). Maternal Ethics and the Therapeutic Work of Protecting Open Futures. Psychoanalytic
Inquiry, 37(6),412-418.
Datta-Barua, I. (2023). A Plea for Linking or How are Yoga, K-pop and Psychoanalysis are Connected?
Psychoanalysis, Self and Context, 18(1), 1-13.
Sadek, N, (2023). Racial Justice in Psychoanalytic Communities: Translating Antiracist Dialogue into Racial
Equity. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 33(1), 97-113.

PLENARY I & II PRESENTATIONS:The Creative Edges of Self-Psychological Theory: Permeable Boundaries, Complex
Selfobjects and Empathy on a Continuum
Friday, October 20, 2023 9:15am – 11:30am (part 1) and 1:30pm – 3:45pm (part 2)

PLENARY I:
Daniel Goldin, MFT, PsyD

Presenter

Steven Stern, PsyD

PresenterAmanda Kottler, MA

Discussant

Jill Gardner, PhD

Moderator

PLENARY II:
Richard Geist, EdD

Presenter

Sarah Mendolsohn, LCSW

Discussant

Jill Gardner, PhD

Moderator

Abstract:
Somewhat unusually, the first two plenaries this year are combined into one double plenary exploring thecreative edges of contemporary self-psychological theory. Daniel Goldin and Steve Stern will present papers in
the morning session, with a discussion by Amanda Kottler. Dick Geist will present in the afternoon session, witha discussion of all three papers by Sarah Mendelsohn, followed by a 40 minute “roundtable” discussion among
all the presenters, discussants, the audience, and the moderator for both sessions, Jill Gardner.
Goldin will open by presenting his view of empathy as a dynamic relational process that takes place on acontinuum between what he terms the “what” form of empathy—the quasi-automatic mirror-neuron version
that picks up emotions and intentions in an immediate way—to the “why” form that looks to the reasons a
person expresses a certain attitude and takes certain actions. The former relies on what is the same about thetwo parties; the latter is set in motion by the gap between them—one that prompts the need for an evolving,co-created story that seeks to fill the gap, though never fully succeeds.
Stern extends his metatheory of needed relationships to posit a more complex form of selfobject connection
than has been previously theorized. He argues that there are degrees of selfobject connectedness and that for
the fullest, most transformative connection to be actualized certain conditions in the patient’s experience of
the analyst need to be met. The co-creation of such conditions amounts to a new needed relationship—atransformational intersubjective medium—uniquely co-created and unpredictably emergent within eachanalytic dyad, which somehow comes to address a traumatic relational breach in the original parent-child field
and restores an ethic of care, lawfulness, competence and love that was the patient’s original birthright.

Finally, Geist further develops his concept of permeable boundaries—the fact that in some treatments patient
and therapist experience each other as a felt presence in each other’s life. Permeable boundaries means
openness to the experience of we-ness. The more permeable the boundaries, the more the patient andtherapist are influenced and regulated by each other, leading to a more intimate, deeper experience of thework. Specifically, an open permeable portal affects the interpretive process, internalization, the forward edge,
the disruption-repair process, empathic resonance and the depth of connectedness that is possible between
patient and therapist.

Learning Objectives:
At the conclusion of this presentation, participants will be able to:
1. Distinguish between and empathic embodied perception of the other’s minded experience and a morereflective “reasons why” form of empathy that takes place in narrative imagination.
2. Recognize how a process of “toggling” between perception and extended empathy in the clinicalsituation changes how both members of the dyad feel in their bodies.
3. Apply the concept of a complex selfobject connection and the processes through which it becomes
actualized over time.
4. Co-create needed relationships in their work through the twin processes of specificity of recognitionand specificity of connection with adult, developmentally traumatized patients.
5. Understand and apply the idea of permeable boundaries between patient and analyst.
6. Understand and be able to co-create experiences of connectedness with their patients.
Presenter Bios:
Daniel Goldin, MFT, PsyD currently serves as editor of Psychoanalytic Inquiry. He has published numerous
articles and co-hosts the podcast The Conversation with Daniel Posner. Daniel’s book The Storying Mind in
Psychotherapy and Everyday Life will be published by Routledge early next year. Daniel is a training andsupervising analyst affiliated with the Institute of Contemporary Psychoanalysis in California.
Steven Stern, PsyD is a faculty member, teacher and supervisor at the Massachusetts Institute for
Psychoanalysis and the Institute for the Psychoanalytic Study of Subjectivity (NYC), and is Clinical Associate
Professor of Psychiatry at Maine Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine. He is a former
member of the International Council of the International Association of Psychoanalytic Self Psychology andserves on the editorial board of Psychoanalysis, Self, and Context. He has been a frequent contributor to thecontemporary psychoanalytic literature, with a particular interest in theoretical integration. His book, Needed
Relationships and Psychoanalytic Healing: A Holistic Relational Perspective on the Therapeutic Process was
published by Routledge in 2017 in the “Psychoanalysis in a New Key Book Series.” Dr. Stern practices in Portland,
ME with specializations in psychoanalysis, psychodynamic psychotherapy, couples therapy, clinical supervisionand consultation.
Amanda Kottler, M.A. (Clin. Psych.) is a clinical psychologist practicing as a psychoanalytic psychotherapist in
Cape Town, South Africa. She is a founding and faculty member of the Cape Town Psychoanalytic Self
Psychology Group and an Emeritus Council Member of the International Association of Self Psychology. She
has previously held the position of a senior lecturer at the University of Cape Town but now works full time inprivate practice. Her academic interests are in the areas of “difference” and the twinship / alter-ego selfobject
experience. She has published and presented on these issues in South Africa, the UK and USA. She has coedited two previous books and is a co-author of "Kohut's Twinship across Cultures: The Psychology of Being
Human, published by Routledge in 2015.

Richard Geist, EdD received his undergraduate degree and his doctorate in Psychology from Harvard University
and for 35 years was Clinical Instructor, Department of Psychiatry (Psychology), Harvard Medical School. He isa Founding Member, Faculty, Supervising analyst, and member of the Board of Directors of The Massachusetts
Institute for Psychoanalysis. In addition, Dick has been on the Executive Board of the International Association
for Psychoanalytic Self Psychology and is currently a council member. Dr. Geist was one of the first psychologists
in Boston to embrace Self Psychology theory and practice, and he has been teaching and supervising it for over
30 years. He has written numerous papers on clinical self psychology, including papers on how empathy heals,
re-conceptualizing the oedipal complex, boundaries in treatment, eating disorders, the forward edge, andseveral papers on connectedness between analyst and patient. He has been a senior supervising psychologist
at Children’s Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. Dick maintains a private practice in
psychoanalysis and psychotherapy in Newton, Massachusetts where he sees Children, adolescents, adults, andcouples. He also supervises privately, teaches private self psychology seminars, and directs a self psychology
study group.
Sarah Mendelsohn, LCSW, is a training analyst and supervisor on faculty at the Institute for the Psychoanalytic
Study of Subjectivity and The Manhattan Institute for Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy in New York. She has
written and presented on enactive clinical action and the analyst’s subjectivity, and she is an Associate Editorof the International Journal of Psychoanalytic Self Psychology: Psychanalysis, Self and Context. She is a
psychoanalyst and clinical supervisor in private practice in New York City.
References:
Zahavi, D. (2014). Self and other: Exploring subjectivity, empathy, and shame (First edition). Oxford University
Press.
Geist,R.A. (2015) Conversations with Paul. Int. Journal of Psychoanalytic Self Psychology, 10(2), 91-106.
Stern, S. (2017). Holistic thinking and therapeutic action: Building on Louis Sander’s Contribution.
Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 27(1), 89-103.
Perlitz, D. (2019). The Implicit Analyst: Qualities of Salience. Psychoanalysis, Self, and Context, 14(4), 428-444.
Stern, S. (2019). Airless worlds: The traumatic sequelae of identification with parental negation.
Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 29(4), 435-450.
St. Bernard, J., Gallagher, S. (in press). Race and the implicit aspects of embodied social interaction. In Robert
Thompson (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy & Implicit Cognition. London: Routledge.

PLENARY III PRESENTATION:
Working at the Intersection of Developmental and Sociocultural Trauma:
A Clinical Conversation
Saturday, October 21, 2023 8:30am – 10:45am

Panel:
Margy Sperry, PsyD, MFT
Lynne Jacobs, PhD
Paula Christian Kliger, PhD
Kris Yi, PhD

Moderator and Presenter
Presenter
Presenter
Presenter

Abstract:
This panel will develop a largely neglected area within Self Psychology: namely the interweaving ofdevelopmental and sociocultural trauma. Self Psychology, like other psychoanalytic theories, emphasizes early
developmental experiences and misattunements within the parent-child dyad. But personal subjectivity is anexpression of an individual’s developmental experiences and embeddedness within a particular socioculturalcontext. Daily, lifelong, and intergenerational experiences of racism and systemic injustice can be imbricated indevelopmental-familial trauma. Exploring these overlapping and interwoven forms of trauma necessarily
exposes the dyad to vulnerable feelings including guilt and shame and requires white therapists to embrace thelimits of their empathic understanding. Each panelist will present a short clinical vignette which will be
discussed by the presenters in a round table format.
Learning Objectives:
At the conclusion of this presentation, the participants will be able to:
1. Recognize and describe how developmental sources of trauma and sociocultural forms of trauma may
overlap and resonate, informing personal subjectivity.
2. Describe how their own sociocultural background informs their assumptions, attitudes, andinteractions with patients.
3. Identify specific ways that sociocultural trauma may be expressed and enacted within the therapeutic
setting.
Presenter Bios:
Margy Sperry, PsyD, MFT is a Training and Supervising Analyst at the Institute of Contemporary Psychoanalysis
in Los Angeles and a Council Member of the International Association for Psychoanalytic Self Psychology. She
co-chairs the Social Justice and Ethics group for IAPSP. Margy has a private practice in West Los Angeles,
California.

Lynne Jacobs, Ph.D., inhabits two psychotherapy worlds. She teaches gestalt therapists world-wide. She is cofounder of the Pacific Gestalt Institute and also a training and supervising analyst at the Institute ofContemporary Psychoanalysis. She is co-editor of The Healing Relationship in Gestalt Therapy: A Dialogic / Self
Psychology Approach, and co-editor of Relational Approaches in Gestalt Therapy (both with Rich Hycner). She
has also published numerous articles in gestalt therapy and psychoanalytic journals. Her abiding interest is
attempting to understand the psychotherapeutic relationship. She has a private practice in Los Angeles.
Paula Christian Kliger, is a board-certified clinical psychologist and psychoanalyst, and for 35 years, has been
President/Founder of PsychAssets and Kliger Consulting Group. She specializes in working with children,
adolescents, and adults; with families, leaders, and organizations, and communities from diverse racial andsociocultural identities, cross-generational and socioeconomic backgrounds. Working with people sufferingfrom the complexities of current and historical trauma has allowed her to expand her consultation andintervention practice, nationally and internationally, leading to significant rethinking, evolving, and reworking
how psychoanalysts can affect healing, development, and transformative change.
Dr. Paula Kliger has recently received the Public Leadership Credential [PLC] from Harvard University, John F.
Kennedy School and was appointed North America Region Representative to the International Psychoanalytical
Association’s [IPA] “The Community and the World” Committee: Prejudice, Discrimination and Racism.
As a multicultural family and child development center, Dr. Kliger is President and Chair of the Board of the new
non-profit organization, Harlem Family Services, INC, [HFS], which is dedicated to developing and providing thefull range of psychoanalytically informed life-skills coaching and clinical services to marginalized andunderserved diverse communities of Harlem and beyond. Additionally, she has served as the Principal
Organizational, Relational and Cultural Consultant at Harlem Family Institute [HFI], related directly to HFS,
which has led enhancement of psychoanalytic candidate training to be socio-culturally wise and, withsupportive HFI, APSA and IPA colleagues, has launched three HFI Community Bridging Outreach Initiatives:
Harlem Family’s Psychoanalytic Renaissance Talk Series, Bridging to the Community Discussion Group and The
Margaret Morgan Lawrence Acute Trauma Seminar and Service.
Along with IPA and other professional organizations, she is member of the American Psychoanalytic
Association, is Chair of the Department of Psychoanalytic Education (DPE) Section: The Psychoanalyst in theCommunity and is a founding member of Black Psychoanalysts Speak (BPS).
Along with professional work as a psychologist/psychoanalyst, a teacher and writer, she is an award-winning
writer/artist as the 2020 Next Generation Indie Book Finalist for Poetry and Illustrations for: “Power Your Heart,
You Power Your Mind, Self-Study then Build a Bridge to Someone,” which can be found on Amazon. Her coproduced podcast with Lori Blumenstein-Bott: “We Are Human First” received the 2020 Hermes International
Creative Gold Award and is on Spotify, Apple, and www.psychassets.com.
Kris Yi, PhD is a clinical psychologist and psychoanalyst in private practice in Pasadena, California. A graduateof the Institute of Contemporary Psychoanalysis of Los Angeles, she is currently a member of the teaching andsupervising faculty there as well as the Newport Psychoanalytic Institute in Tustin, California. She has servedin a number of leadership roles within the Society for Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychology (SPSS) of
the American Psychological Association. Currently she serves as a co-chairperson for its International Relations
Committee.
She has presented widely on culture, race in psychoanalysis and published work in journals such as thePsychoanalytic Psychology and Psychoanalytic Dialogues.

References:Fors, M. (2021) Power Dynamics in the Clinical Situation: A Confluence of Perspectives. Contemporary
Psychoanalysis 57(2), 242-269.
Tummala-Narra, P. (2021) Racial Trauma and Dissociated Worlds within Psychotherapy: A Discussion of“Racial Difference, Rupture, and Repair: A View from the Couch and Back”. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 30(6),732-741.
Dennis, E. (2022) The Paranoid-Schizoid Position and Envious Attacks on the Black Other. Psychoanalysis, Self,
and Context, 17(2), 141-153.
Yi, K. (2023) Asian American Experience: The Illusion of Inclusion and the Model Minority Stereotype.
Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 33(1), 45-59.

PLENARY IV PRESENTATION:
Expanding the Edges of Self Psychology:
Harm Reduction, Creative Arts, and Guided Imagery
Sunday, October 22, 2023 10:00am – 12:15pm

Panel:
Heather Ferguson, LCSW
D. Bradley Jones, PsyD,LCSW
Kristin Long, DPsa, LCAT, LP
Valeria Pulcini, MD

Presenter
Presenter
Presenter
Moderator

Abstract:
In response to the needs of diverse patients, Self-Psychological treatment has become increasingly influenced
by varied and diverse treatment modalities. An appreciation of the intractability of addiction and trauma has
motivated psychoanalytically informed clinicians to utilize concepts and principles found in harm reduction,
hypnosis, and body-based and expressive arts. With a creative and collaborative sensibility, the therapist andpatient connect to the visceral and embodied meanings of their symptoms within the holding context of a new
relational experience. Three presenters will share clinical material in this plenary, where ideas from varied
treatment philosophies expand psychoanalytically informed treatment.
Learning Objectives:
At the conclusion of this presentation, the participants will be able to:
1. Describe the importance of attending to the felt sense in the body while using imagery to deepen theconnection to the patient's embodied state.
2. Identify the basic principles of Harm Reduction Psychotherapy and understand its efficacy in thepsychoanalytic treatment of substance users.
3. Describe how creative arts interventions can enhance and expand a self-psychological sensibility,
including identifying appropriate situations for its use.

Presenter Bios:
Heather Ferguson, LCSW, is faculty and supervisor at the Institute for the Psychoanalytic Study of Subjectivity,
the National Institute for the Psychotherapies, and faculty at the Manhattan Institute for Psychanalysis Trauma
Program, all in NYC. She has written about eating disorder treatment, the role of intergenerational transmissionof trauma, and the use of embodied techniques to deepen psychotherapeutic engagement. She is a memberof the Music Industry Therapist Collective (MITC). She is Co-Book Review Editor for Psychoanalysis, Self, andContext.
D. Bradley Jones, Psy.D., LCSW is a graduate of two psychoanalytic institutes: The Institute for thePsychoanalytic Study of Subjectivity (IPSS) in NYC, and The Institute for Contemporary Psychoanalysis (ICP/LA)
in Los Angeles, CA. He is a Supervising Training Analyst and faculty at both institutes, and enjoys promoting the
IPSS Explorations Series. In private practice for over 25 years now, Bradley has a special interest in working with
substance use and mis-use, and people in the performing arts. He has published articles found in the journal
Self, Context, and Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Inquiry, and his cabaret act Dr. Bradley’s Fabulous
Functional Narcissism was nominated for a Manhattan Association of Cabaret (MAC) Award in NYC, and a
Broadway World Award in Los Angeles.
Kristin Long, DPsa, LCAT, LP, is a faculty member and supervisor at The Institute for Expressive Analysis in
New York City where she teaches classes on the therapeutic use of the body and Expressive Analysis withchildren and adolescents, and at New York University where she teaches a class on Projective Techniques inthe Drama Therapy program. She has presented nationally and internationally on the importance of
attunement within relational dyads, specifically around parent/child treatments. Kristin is co-editor of thebook Creative Arts Therapies and the LGBTQ Community.
References:
Van der Kolk, B. (2002). Posttraumatic Therapy in the Age of Neuroscience. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 12(3),381-392.
MacIntosh,H.B. (2017).A Bridge Across Silent Trauma: Enactment, Art, and Emergence in the Treatment of a
Traumatized Adolescence. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 27(4), 433-453.
Lewis, M. (2018). Brain Change in Addiction as Learning, Not Disease. The New England Journal of
Medicine. 379(16),1551-1560.
Guzzardi, S. (2022) Nicki, Nicholas, Nicole: Play as Relational Therapeutic Action on the Transgender Edge.
Psychoanalytic Dialogues 32(2),175-190.
Brothers, D. & Sletvold, J. (2023). A New Vision of Psychoanalytic Theory, Practice, and Supervision Talking
Bodies. NY: Routledge.

POST PLENARY I & II DISCUSSION GROUPS
Friday, October 20, 2023 4:15pm – 5:15pm

Abstract:
The small group setting of the post-plenary discussion groups offer participants the opportunity to
discuss reactions to the panels in a smaller, more intimate setting. Led by a senior clinician, conference
participants will be able to ask questions to further their understanding of the content presented in theplenary programs.
Learning objectives:
At the conclusion of this presentation, participants will be able to:
1. Describe what they see as the advantages and disadvantages (if any) of the proposed expansions or revisionsof the core self-psychological concepts of empathy, selfobject experience and permeable boundaries andexplain the reason for this opinion.

References:
Zahavi, D. (2014). Self and other: Exploring subjectivity, empathy, and shame (First edition). Oxford University
Press.
Perlitz, D. (2019). The Implicit Analyst: Qualities of Salience. Psychoanalysis, Self, and Context, 14(4), 428-444.
Stern, S. (2019). Airless worlds: The traumatic sequelae of identification with parental negation.
Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 29(4), 435-450.

POST PLENARY III DISCUSSION GROUPS
Saturday, Otober 21, 2023 11:00am – 12:00pm

Abstract:
The small group setting of the post-plenary discussion groups offer participants the opportunity to
discuss reactions to the panels in a smaller, more intimate setting. Led by a senior clinician, conference
participants will be able to ask questions to further their understanding of the content presented in theplenary programs.
Learning objectives:
At the conclusion of this presentation, participants will be able to:
1. Describe the impact of racial discrimination and social injustice and how these can intersect with
developmental trauma and selfobject failure.
2. Explain ways that the ideas presented in Plenary 3 apply to their own clinical cases and/or lives.
References:
Tummala-Narra, P. (2021) Racial Trauma and Dissociated Worlds within Psychotherapy: A Discussion of“Racial Difference, Rupture, and Repair: A View from the Couch and Back”. Psychoanalytic Dialogues 30(6),732-741.
Dennis, E. (2022) The Paranoid-Schizoid Position and Envious Attacks on the Black Other. Psychoanalysis, Self,
and Context, 17(2), 141-153.
Yi, K. (2023) Asian American Experience: The Illusion of Inclusion and the Model Minority Stereotype.
Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 33(1), 45-59.

KOHUT MEMORIAL LUNCHEON:
Kohut and Me
Saturday, October 21, 2023 12:15pm – 1:45pm

Presenter: Doris Brothers, PhD
Abstract:
I open my talk by comparing my very different relationships with Freud and Kohut. While Freud seems to havewanted to be known, Kohut kept many secrets about his life. I then describe my heart-stopping encounterswith Paul Orenstein having to do with my thoughts about Kohut’s connection to “Mr. Z.” The remainder of mytalk is devoted to imaginary conversations with Kohut about the work I have been doing with my husband, Jon
Sletvold, that both expand on Kohut’s ideas and pose challenges to them.
Presenter Bio:
Doris Brothers, Ph.D. serves on the advisory board and council of the International Association for
Psychoanalytic Self Psychology (IAPSP). She was a co-editor of Psychoanalysis, Self and Context with Roger Friefrom 2015 to 2019. She is an associate editor of Psychoanalytic Inquiry. She has written three books and many
journal articles. Her last book is Toward a Psychology of Uncertainty: Trauma-Centered Psychoanalysis (Analytic
Press, 2008). A forthcoming book with Jon Sletvold is entitled, A New Vision of Psychoanalytic Theory, Practiceand Supervision: Talking Bodies (Routledge). She practices on the upper west side of Manhattan, New York,USA, and in Oslo, Norway.

Note: CE credits are not applicable for this session.