2/28/2014

わけのぼる
ふもとのみちはおおけれど
おなじくもいのつきをこそみれ

Many paths, one moon
The future of academic print management in Japan
Constance Malpas
Program Officer, OCLC Research
28 February 2014
Keio University Shared Print Forum

Roadmap
Shared Print:
Concepts & Themes

A view of Japan inthe cultural record

Future directions21

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Japan in the cultural (library) record
LITERARY FORMS
History
Biography

Fiction

153,229 titles, avg. 12 holdings
49,459 titles, avg. 9 holdings

16,147 titles, avg. 46 holdings

TOPICSInternational relations

31,626 titles, avg. 16 holdings

Graphic novels16,565 titles, avg. 20 holdings

World War (1939-1945)

PEOPLE高橋, 留美子
Takahashi, Rumiko (b.1957)
岸本, 斉史Kishimoto, Masashi (b.1974)

Morimoto, Mari

18,984 titles, avg. 22 holdings

1,449 titles, 29 avg. holdings
753 titles, avg. 63 holdings

355 titles, avg. 86 holdings

An anime stylized eye. Oni Lukos (2006)3

Shared Printa strategic reconfiguration of stewardship arrangements to: Maximize collective capacity to preserve, provide accessto the past and future cultural/scholarly record Rationalize and redistribute stewardship roles acrosslibrary system Reduce costs of managing low-use print inventory Improve alignment between library service profile andinstitutional mission
part of broader shift from institution-scale to group-scale solutions42

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A few core concepts• Retention statement: an explicit commitment toretain and preserve (if not conserve) selected titles
or items for designated term
• Registration: deliberate action to make sharedprint collections known and visible, e.g. in union
catalogs• Validation: explicit plan to audit condition orcompleteness of retained titles or items• Rightscaling: optimizing scale of cooperation tomaximize benefit
5Thesis:The value of national andinternational shared print efforts
will be measured by our success inpreserving coherence andexpanding coverage of the cultural
record as it is represented in thecollective collection.
63

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Implications
Understanding the scope anddistribution of system-wide library
resources is important to ‘rightscaling’ shared print strategies.
Cooperative management requires
deliberate coordination and a longrange view.
7

Shared evidence basesupports informed

decision-making

Examine preservation risks
assess redundancy
Assess infrastructure capacity
leverage collective investment
Apply system-wide perspective
sourcing and scaling
Build conceptual frameworks,
a common vocabulary
support community discussion84

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North American Context• Continued growth of academic print collections
1.1 billion volumes in 3,700 libraries• Declining use of print formats, compared to eformats

Inter-lending decreased 6% between 2010 and 2012

• Economic stagnation = limited investment ininstitution-scale storage infrastructure• Growing corpus of retrospectively digitized andlicensed electronic resources• Shared digital preservation infrastructure(HathiTrust, Digital Preservation Network, SHared
Access Research Ecosystem)
9

Context for shared print (US)• Robust resource-sharing (ILL) arrangements
Builds confidence, service-level expectations• Shared bibliographic infrastructure
Supports cooperative intelligence, analytics• Format migration from print to digital
Limits disruption of changing print operations• Institutional incentives to ‘reconfigure’ library
License to innovate
Duty to preserve scholarly record
Desire to transform library operating models
105

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Global Resources & Shared Print• Since 1958, federal funding (“Title VI”) allocated tosupport development of non-English language
programs and university research collections• National network of Resource Centers (NRC)
provides shared infrastructure for research,teaching and library acquisitions• 24 NRC support East Asian studies (2013)• Government austerity measures mean continued
future funding is uncertain• New strategies needed to ensure preservationand continued growth of library resources
11

The Global Dimensions of Scholarship &Research Libraries: A Forum on the Future (2012)
To ensure continued relevance, university
libraries supporting global education must:• energetically shift toward digital sources as
they continue their support for international
scholarship.
• internationalize all of their programs andservices• must build active collaborations, on aninternational as well as national level
http://www.crl.edu/sites/default/files/attachments/events/Global_Forum_Recommendations.pdf
1262/28/2014

Top 20 most comprehensive
collections related to:Japan

Related works in WorldCat = 518,195
30%

Coverage in WorldCat

25%

NRC East Asia
HathiTrust
Google Books
Library Supplier/Vendor

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

Holding Library (OCLC Symbol)

Orientation

13What you see depends
on where you standOrtelius. Japoniae Insulae Descriptio (1598)

Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.01472/28/2014

Japanese-language contentin WorldCat=3%>5 million records (titles)
contributed by15

Scope and Coverage of Works related to East Asia
National Resource Center Libraries, Other Libraries and Digital Aggregations
Single LibrarySingle NRC Library

Hathi

GoogleTotal Related Works in WorldCat

Coverage60%

700,000

Among East Asian geographies,
Japan is best represented inlarge US digital aggregations

600,000

50%

500,000

40%

400,000

30%

300,000

20%

200,000

10%100,0000%

Macau

Mongolia

NorthKorea

Fewer works in WorldCat

SouthKorea

TaiwanHongKongJapan

China

Total Related Works in WorldCat

70%

0More works in WorldCat
168

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河童 (Kappa)

Total related works in WorldCat = 72
35%

Coverage in WorldCat

30%
25%

Present in vendor
supply-chain
Visible in digitalaggregations

20%
15%
10%
5%
0%

Holding Libraries in WorldCat

17

夏目 漱石 (1876-1916)
Total related works in WorldCat = 1,178
40%
Coverage in WorldCat

35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%

Visible in digitalaggregations

Present in vendor
supply-chain5%0%

Holding Libraries in WorldCat

1892/28/2014

Global presence ofJapanese scholarshipreflected in internationalname authority files

19

Language
EnglishGermanFrenchSpanishChineseRussianTitles3,065,418
579,173446,961
279,676
242,076
232,482

Percent
49.37
9.33
7.20
4.50
3.90
3.74

Italian

158,273

2.55

Japanese 216,727

3.49

20

10

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Managing Redundancy

Recycling day at Shimane University School of Law. (Deborah Bryan Macartney)

21

1 library…

1 library…

7 libraries…

22

11

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A “what if” scenario
At least 9 copies of Fukuzawa’s Hei-ron (1882)
in Japanese research libraries
4 copies in Tokyo alone

1 is here (or will be)+ National Diet Library+ Keio University+ Seikei University
University of Tokyo Library Underground Storage construction (OCLC Research)
23

What if…
• University of Tokyo’s copy was retained andregistered as shared print?
… would other university libraries in Tokyo deduplicate holdings?
… would other Japanese university libraries deduplicate holdings?

• Keio University’s copy was retained andregistered as shared print?
… would Todai still transfer its copy to new
Automated Storage& Retrieval System (ASRS)?
24122/28/2014What if … (continued)• Thousands of print titles in RU11 libraries
were managed as a national shared printcollection?
…could Japanese university libraries manage abroader range of scholarly resources?
…would international East Asian libraries (NRC, forexample) collect differently?
…might longevity and impact of Japanese scholarshipin global network increase?

• Right-scaling stewardship of print collections
will rely on new forms of library collaboration
25

Adam Smith (1723-1790)
Total related works in WorldCat = 846
16%

UKJapan
North America
Australia

12%
10%
8%

The ‘wealth of nations’ is distributed
across the global library system

6%
4%
2%

Holding Libraries in WorldCat

NDD

IUL

OTZ

SFB

OKU

UTO

UBY

UOH

HBS

EYM

CGU

UIU

INU

AUT

UAB

NLE

LGG

BLSTP

UKM

0%
LWU

Coverage in WorldCat

14%

26

13

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Local knowledge
is the best guide

City Map. A 3D Map of Kanazawa (Laura Longenecker)

27

Thanks for your attention.
Email:
Twitter: @ConstanceM
Understanding the System-wide Library
http://oclc.org/research/activities/usl.htm©2014 OCLC. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Suggested attribution:“This work uses content from [presentation title] © OCLC, used under a Creative Commons Attribution license:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/”28

14

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Acknowledgements
I am glad to credit Lorcan DEMPSEY for developing “collectivecollection” and “right-scaling stewardship” concepts, and Thom
HICKEY for developing the library centers and coverage analysis.
Thanks to Karen SMITH-YOSHIMURA, OCLC Research , forsharing expertise on Japanese collections in WorldCat.
Thanks to Toshie MARRA, C.V Starr East Asian Library,
University of California, Berkeley for insights on the state oflibrary collaboration among Japanese libraries in NorthAmerica.

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