International Contribution by Japanese Railroad Technology~Japanese New style Technology Import to Developing Countries~
5101 Satoshi Okada
Abstract
Japan's population continues to decline. If Japan's population continues to decline,
Japanese railroad companies will be short of funds in the future. Nowadays, there is a
growing trend to actively export Japan's high technology overseas. However, since only
developed countries can afford to pay for it, we have not been able to spread thetechnology to developing countries. Thanks to railroads, many people can travel
comfortably. They can also carry a lot of things. If cargo railroads are built indeveloping countries, those countries will be richer. As a result of my research, I foundout that cargo railroads are necessary for cargo transportation in Africa. Africa is rich innatural resources. However, due to colonial rule, cargo transportation facilities were notbuilt. This has hindered exports in Africa. Africa is generally perceived as poor.
However, there are great opportunities in Africa. cargo railroads will help them. I alsosuggest a mixed cargo-passenger system. Thanks to this system, many people can travel
comfortably. In this paper, I have described my specific plan for the realization of thissystem.
１ Introduction（Backgrounds and Method）
It has been a long time since Japanese society became a super-aged society. According
to the Cabinet Office, "Japan's population is expected to enter a long-term process of
decline. It dropped below 120 million in 1963 and continued to decline until it fell
below 100 million in 1960, at 99.13 million, and 86.74 million in 1972, so we can seethat Japan's population is not only aging, but also declining.” I believe that there is one
area that will be greatly affected by the decline in population. This is the transportation
sector, especially the railroad companies. The accuracy and safety of Japanese railroads
are considered to be the best in the world, and even the United Kingdom, the birthplaceof railroads, has asked for Japanese technical guidance. We must avoid a situation inwhich such advanced and historic technology is not effectively utilized because of thedeclining population. For this reason, it is necessary for the Japanese Railroad Company
to export Japanese systems overseas. This thing is also claimed by many people. I readsome Japanese statements and one of them said this. "我が国の鉄道システムを海外に輸出することは相⼿国の経済、社会の発展や⼆国間関係の強化につながることはもとより、地球環境問題にも⼤きく貢献するものである。また、今後成⻑が⾒込まれる海外市場における競争を通じて、技術⼒やコスト競争⼒を向上させていくことは、我が国の鉄道産業の維持発展や鉄道技術の維持・発展の観点からも重要である" (2011 Eguchi) It concluded that Japanese companies must work on
exporting their technologies overseas in order to drive the Japanese economy in the
future.
As a method, I researched some data based on the information we received from theInternational Affairs Division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport andTourism (MLIT) and the Japan Overseas Labor Network (JOLN), which were scheduledto cooperate with me during our visit in 2019. I gathered useful data by making rational
judgments based on multiple sources. I also checked the Internet and books. I found theMinistry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism's Overseas Infrastructure
Development Plan. I used a lot of data from them when I wrote this paper.
２ Discussion and implicationsFirst of all, one of the current problems is that Japan's technical assistance is limited
to vehicle exports to developed countries and some emerging countries in Southeast
Asia, and it has not been able to provide support for developing countries. Japan has
been struggling in price competition with China, which has overwhelming financial
power. According to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism's
Overseas Infrastructure System Action Plan 2019, China's medium-sized vehicles havebeen improving for many years. In China, based on technology transfers from overseas,
China North Car and China South Car have expanded their influence as leading rollingstock manufacturers against the backdrop of the huge domestic railroad market, and in
2015, the two companies merged to become the world's largest rolling stock
manufacturer. With their overwhelming price competitiveness and full government
support, they are aggressively expanding their overseas operations in high-speed rail,
commuter rail, and tramway models, and increasingly competing with Japanese rollingstock manufacturers. I also wanted to know China’s opinion. I read 「China's
Eagerness to Export Its High-speed Rail Expertise to ASEAN Members（HONG YU
March 2015 Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 32:13）It said ”Japan is the biggest
country in the method of Chinese Rail Load Expanding. China is especially eager toparticipate in the construction of high-speed railroads with ASEAN members.”
Exporting technology to Southeast Asia is a solid option, but it will be difficult to show
China the overwhelming difference in market share. Therefore, Japan was given a
research commission to develop new markets outside of Southeast Asia and consider
ways to utilize Japan's advanced railroad technology for the development of developing
countries. In this research, I looked for solutions to the problem from the economic
aspect. In terms of the economy, considering the future potential of management, theAfrican region, which is rich in natural resources but lacks the means of transportationand economic infrastructure to fully utilize them, could be a major target. For thisreason, I propose the construction of railroads. The African region, which has different
economic zones due to the differences in the countries governed in the past, lacks anefficient form of transportation. Another advantage of this proposal is its excellent
energy efficiency. It was found that there are currently two regions in Africa that do nothave a well-developed freight transport system. In the regions that are well organized,
truck transportation is mainly used, and at a time when there are called for measures tocombat global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, there is also the problemof polluting the air with a large number of trucks. On the other hand, according to the
JR Freight website, the carbon dioxide emissions of cargo trains are about 1/11th of thatof truck transportation, which is a significant environmental advantage. In areas wheretransportation facilities are not in place, the road conditions are poor, and the roads (justpiled up with soil) often collapse whenever there is heavy rain or abnormal weather.
There are no high standard roads for trucks, and goods are still transported by bicycle or
human power. Since it is difficult for everyone to obtain a driver's license, it goeswithout saying that it would be more beneficial to build railroads as a means of masstransportation than to build roads and provide cars in such areas.
In addition to this, I thought it would help to solve Japan's diplomatic problems. Basedon data from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), we compiled a listof countries that have direct flights to Japan by region. While one-third of the countries
in Asia have direct flights, only one country in Africa has direct flights. This could be amajor blow to Japan's ability to play a major economic role in the world as a developed
country. It could also put Japan at a disadvantage in the competition with China, which
has great economic power. It is clear that there are great advantages to laying a railroad
in Africa.
In order to implement this strategy, we must first resolve the economic issues. First, this
could be done as part of the Japanese government's Official Development Assistance(ODA). According to the Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts andTelecommunications, about 60% of Japan's ODA is in the area of infrastructure projects,
and Japan has a track record in the area of exporting railroad technology. Expanding thisto a wider area and promoting diplomatic relations between African countries and Japanis expected to give Japan an advantage in future projects and diplomatic relations. Thereis also the idea of receiving funding from the United Nations Bank for Reconstruction
and Development (UNBRD), like Japan's Tokaido Shinkansen and Tomei Expressway,
so cooperation with international organizations is essential.
I would like to discuss the profitability of the project in Africa. In Africa, cocoa beans
are produced mainly in the west, and an iron ore is exported from the south. Replacing
truck transportation with this type of transportation will provide a stable income. In
addition to this, the country will be able to export more agricultural products, which willlead to economic development.crops can be transported quickly and safely, and thescope of international aid will expand.However, one question that arises here is whether
or not to handle passengers. If passenger service is used, the cost of manufacturingcoaches will increase, which may cause financial problems. Therefore, we propose amixed-cargo system. Although there is no example of this in Japan, passenger transport
using cars without seats on the JR Wadamisaki Line was once used, and it is believedthat there is no safety problem in carrying passengers. In economically poor countries, it
is difficult to require all citizens to obtain a driver's license, so passenger transportation
should be provided even for a small number of people. From this point of view, it can beassumed that this plan is very useful.
３ Conclusion
From these various perspectives, my proposal shows that exporting Japan's railroad
technology overseas will be very beneficial for making the future of the Japanese
economy brighter. In the African region, there are many countries with underdeveloped
driver's license systems, etc., and many people are looking for a stable means oftransportation. The introduction of a mixed version train cargo system will help meetthe demands of both cargo and passengers. This type of technological contribution canbe done by only Japanese companies. Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism (MLIT) has also stated that "⾞両調達に保守業務を加えたパッケージ案件において質の⾼い保守サービスの評価が受注に結びついた 事例が⽣じる等、我が国鉄道の保守や運⾏に係る技術に対する海外からの期待の⾼まりがある” “⽇本の鉄道は、⾼い輸送密度にもかかわらず、際⽴って⾼い安全性を誇っている。” ”今後、トップセールスの推進や政策⽀援ツールの効果的な活⽤等の戦略的な取組を推進していくことで、政府⽬標の実現に貢献してまいります。” As one way to achieve this, it would be very effective to actively export
Japanese railroad technology to developing countries in the format I have proposed.
４

References“Overseas High-Speed Rail Project C&C Business Office”（Engineering Planning Department, General Engineering Headquarters,
JR Tokai HP

2020）”Overseas Infrastructure System Action Plan”（International Affairs Division, Railway Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism 2019）”China's Eagerness to Export Its High Speed Rail Expertise to ASEAN
Members”（Hong Yu National University of Singapore 2015）”Japanese and Chinese infrastructure development strategies in Central Asia”（Timur Dadabaev University of Tsukuba 2018）”Japanese Colonialism and Korean Development”（STEPHAN HAGGARD University of California 1997)”The Current Status of Overseas Expansion of Japan's Railway Systems”(Shuji Eguchi 2011)”Cargo railroad carbon dioxide emissions”（JRcargo Co. 2021)

Improving Public Peace With “Broken Windows Theory”~Create Clean And Safe Cities~
5102

Shinichiro Katsuyama

Abstract
In recent years, the number of recognized crimes is decreasing, but the number ofthem was too high. In Particular, the numbers of the largest cities such as Tokyo andOsaka, called Five major cities, is higher than local Prefectures in Japan. How can wecreate a livable, safe, and secure city in the future? Rudolph Giuliani, Former Mayor of
New York City, has faced the same problems as Japan in recent years. He utilized one of
the theories of criminal psychology, “Broken Windows Theory” to peace-keep in thecity. That theory is for example, if there is a building with one broken window in atown, then the morals of the inhabitants will be able to swoop and some misdemeanor
will happen. Finally, If they happen more frequently, the morale of the residents willfurther decline, leading to the occurrence of serious crimes. As a result, just by leaving
one house with a broken window, the security of the area will deteriorate. Applying thistheory, this study has shown that it is possible to improve public safety by improving thelandscape and thoroughly cracking down on petty crimes.
１ Introduction
According to the Metropolitan Police Department (esp. Tokyo), the number ofcriminal offenses recognized in Tokyo and Osaka Prefecture in 2018 was 114,492 and95,558, respectively. They are very high numbers when compared to other prefectures,and is one of the major problems facing Japan today. Causes of these incidents havesome reasons. For example, according to a public opinion poll in Japan, the percentageof those aged 20 and over who think that the morals in society are going down has
increased. The number of recognized criminal offenses was changed by criminal
offenses by the people living there, so it's hard to say that urban cities are moredangerous than local ones, but considering these dates, we preferentially have to solve
this problem.
２ Discussion and implications

Rudolph Giuliani, the former mayor of New York City, reduced graffiti ties in themetro. As a result, he was able to improve public peace in the city. This is one goodresult with“broken windows theory”. This theory means that if people don’t repair it,
the public peace will become worse than in the past because the morals of residents will
become worse, too. On the other hand, if we solve the smallest problems perfectly,
morals will rise and crime will fall. I wondered if this theory could be applied to Japan.
And in my opinion, based on this precedent, the number of criminal offenses in Tokyo
and Osaka could be reduced if the police started to solve minor crimes.
３ Conclusion
I studied three steps on the internet. First, I researched the ratio of criminal offenses tothe population by each prefecture. Second, I looked at local activities that have been
undertaken by local governments to improve public peace. Finally, based on these twopieces of information,I am considering a program to improve them. As a result of thisstudy, according to figures provided in the White Paper on Crime, In areas such as
Hyogo, Tokyo, and Okinawa, the ratio of arrests for crime was high. On the contrary,
the number of them in the rural areas such as Iwate, Kagoshima, and Nagano was lower
than urban areas. From the above information, we can say that cities are actually lesssafe than rural areas.
Next, I examined the activities that have been conducted and I was able to discover
several activities based on the broken window theory.
In Kyoto's Minami Ward, the local government took the lead in preventing petty crimein the community. According to the Kyoto Prefectural Government's website, in
Minami Ward, the residents' association was erasing graffiti in the underpass. This
activity is based on the theory.
In Susukino, Hokkaido's entertainment district, volunteers solved illegal parking. The
number of incidents of on-street parking have decreased and the crime rate in Susukino
has also declined.
In Adachi Ward, Tokyo, conducted an activity called the Beautiful Windows
Movement. Mainly they cleaned up the city by planting flowers and actively patrolling.
They had a good outcome. They've also created a safety map, too.
I suggest that in areas such as urban areas where the crime rate is high, there should bean active campaign with local residents to thoroughly crack down on petty crimes.
Specifically, the police have to work by local residents to regulate on-street parking andsmoking, and remove graffiti from underpasses.
The important point is to work together with community residents, because the idea
was based on that theory. By working together with members of the community, we canreduce manpower and save money and It also helps to keep morale down.

The problem for the future of this research is that it is difficult to achieve specificresults. I am now looking to the world to see if I can apply this theory to other countries.
According to the "Institute for Economics and Peace," South Africa is not a safecountry, and even developed countries such as the United States are considered unsafe.
In my future research, I would like to focus on these areas.
4 References[1]What is the Broken Window Theory? Glossary of Business and Psychology Terms:
Meanings, Explanations, etc. https://onl.la/LTpqtvc[2]White Paper on Crime, Edition, Volume 2, Chapter 1, Section 1,
https://onl.la/wpmW5uM[3]Crack-window theory" practice movement/Kyoto prefecture homepage
https://onl.la/wEb1SxA[4]Broken Window Theory/Criminal Complaint and Acquisition Support Center
https://onl.la/k1XrR9s[5]Beautiful Windows Movement/ Adachi https://onl.la/sp6fZzq[6]Institute for Economics and Peace - Analyzing peace and quantifying its economicvalue
All references above are viewed on March 23, 2021 . https://onl.la/gM7x8im

Reducing Plastic Waste〜Effective use of new materials〜
5103 Hayate kiyohara

Abstract
Now,the plastic waste problem is one of the most serious problems in the world. So, I
think I can solve the problem using new materials. I researched about “Aqua Material”.I
found that aqua materials have some disadvantages, such as evaporation at temperatures
below 0°C and above 100°C, and that both terminal dendronized polymers are
expensive, but they have many advantages, such as being environmentally friendly
without using petroleum, self-healing, and non-flammable since they are made of water.
However, it has many advantages such as being environmentally friendly without using
petroleum, self-healing, and non-flammable since it is made of water.
So,I think using Aqua Materials to Create Alternatives to Plastic Products.

Discussion and implications
The reason why I chose this theme was because I thought it was a very timely topic, as
it is related to the recent introduction of plastic bag charges. The Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), which were signed in 2015, address this issue and set
targets for improvement and solutions by 2030. I thought that plastic waste was a largepart of this problem. I then researched for new materials that could be used to combat
ocean pollution. In the process, I found something called "Aqua Material''. We thoughtthat this could be a solution to the problem of marine plastic waste. As a method, weread papers on similar topics in Google Scholar and researched on the Internet.

Introduction
The total amount of plastic waste in the world today is increasing, and it is said toexceed 12 billion tons by 2050. As a byproduct of this disposal method, there is also an
increase in marine post-plastic waste. Marine plastic litter refers to plastic waste thatdrifts into the ocean from our daily lives and economic activities, or is dumped directly
into the ocean or rivers, and eventually drifts into the ocean. Plastic products are strong
and long-lasting, so once they are washed into the ocean, they hardly decompose at all,which has a negative impact on the marine ecosystem and our lives. It is also a waste ofresources, as petroleum is used to manufacture the plastic in the first place. The purposeof my research was to use a new material called aqua material to replace existing plastic
products, and I wanted to use it mainly as a substitute for plastic bottles.

Research Method
The research method that I am considering for this project is to use the Internet and toread the papers of previous studies that are suitable for this topic in Google Scholar.
Flow of the research and experiment
Gathering information using the Internet
2,TargetWebsites and articles about the research team at the University of Tokyo's Facultyof Engineering on aqua materials.
3. Preparation
Learn basic information about aqua materials (hydrogel).
Read the paper on Google Scholar.
4,Be careful when doing research and experiments
Make sure to add your own thoughts and ideas so that this is not just a researchstudy.
Do experiments and research that you can do.

Conclusion

First of all, we found out that some countries and regions in the world have started tocharge for plastic bags earlier than others. In particular, the U.S. has been an early
adopter, with San Francisco starting in 2007 and Washington D.C. in 2010. The decision
to charge for plastic bags was made by the Group of Seven (G7), and is now being
implemented in 69 countries. The objective is to create a circular economy, an economy
in which products and raw materials that have been "discarded" without being used in
the conventional linear economic system of "take", "make", and "waste" are regarded as
new "resources", and in which no waste is produced. The goal is to create an economy
that recycles resources without producing waste. It is also related to international trends
such as the addition of plastic waste to the list of wastes under the Basel Convention's
14th Conference of the Parties (COP14). Aqua materials have some disadvantages, suchas evaporation at temperatures below 0°C and above 100°C and the high cost of bothterminal dendronized polymers, but they also have many advantages, such as being
environmentally friendly, self-healing, and non-flammable. However, it turned out to bedifficult to substitute the plastic bottles, which was the original plan. Therefore, wewould like to come up with an alternative to other plastic products.
One of the issues is that the awareness of aqua materials is low, so I wanted to let more
people know about it. I would also like to think of ways to deal with the expensive
materials mentioned in the disadvantages. Also, since the aqua material itself wasdeveloped recently and there is a problem of recognition, I now understand that it isnecessary to spread the material to as many people as possible.

References
IDEAS FOR GOOD,
What is Ocean Plastic Pollution? (What is Ocean plastic pollution?) (in Japanese)
https://ideasforgood.jp/issue/plastic-ocean/
Chem-Station February 1, 2010
More than 95% water material: Aqua Materials, March 22, 2021
https://www.chem-station.com/blog/2010/02/95.html
A good thing starts here. November 10, 2020

What is the current status of marine plastic waste? Countries with high spills and what
we can do about it
https://gooddo.jp/magazine/oceans/marine_pollution/plastic_garbage/4972/

A Measure to Make Students’ Model United Nations a Success~Usage of Laughter and Mood~

5104 Shiryu Kuwahara
Abstract
This article investigated what needs to be done to increase the self-esteem of school
children. To achieve this, past research indicates that four components, “Group Work,”“Success,” “Cross-cultural Communication,” and “Laughter” play an important role.
The Model United Nations(MUN) can include all of these components and is thesolution to increase children’s self-esteem. MUN has been held by some schools as an
English learning or some other learning activity. This study suggests to schools to adopt
more MUN activities so that they can increase their students’ self-esteem. In addition, toachieve the goal of “Success,” creating the achievement into MUN that is named“Entertainer-prize” will be an appropriate solution. Owing to this, students will get not
only success but also can fill their esteem needs, which would make students more
comfortable.

１

Introduction
Recently, Japanese students’ self-esteem has been decreasing. According to theJapan and Some Countries Young People’s Attitude Survey(Japan Cabinet Office,2019), the score of Japanese highschool students’ self-esteem and many other topics
related to it is extremely lower than many other countries' students’. The target of thisstudy is to suggest specific activities to improve students’ self-esteem permanently.
Because I study as a high-school student and live in Japan, the first study’s
research-question is “How to improve Japanese high-school students’ self-esteem?.”This article adopted this procedure:1. List some educational activities which can improve students’ self-esteem
2. Clarify the activities’ characteristics
3. Show some educational activities which are easy to adopt into schools or alreadyadopted, based on “2”.
4. Demonstrate points of these activities
In addition, the question I showed was solved and the conclusion is that MUN would
be able to improve their self-esteem(Described later). Therefore, I started the next study,“How to make students’ MUN a success?.”
The second goal adopted this procedure:
1. Search the examples of MUN and clarify common points and problems
2. Solve the problems and submit the way of implementation
Both studies are about students’ self-esteem. There is some previous research about
the theme. According to Sosuke MIYAUCHI(2012), in Japan, the friendship network
size of young people relates to self-esteem and is clearer than that of America.
Furthermore, Taku Kondo, etc(2016) says that group activities can improve students’
self-esteem. From these articles, there are many perspectives in the area of self-esteem.
This study stands on the area of education and showed a concrete approach to theimprovement of self-esteem.

２

Discussion and implications
This study proposes MUN as a way of improving the self-esteem of students.First ofall, this study summarizes the three points of activity which can improve students’
self-esteem.
1. Group Work
In a writing, Taku KONDO,etc(2016) says that group activities can improveself-esteem and showed it with an experiment. Recently, many Japanese schools are
adopting some group work activities. Considering that, this component is easy to beadopted or already done.
2. Universal Experience
According to Yasuko AOTO, Maki MURASE(2012), one of factors which improves
part-time high school students’ self-esteem is “Students group that each have generous
characteristics and shared experience.” However, this study is not about part-timeschools, so hereinto, I use the fact as ”participate in one activity with a group.”
3. Multicultural Transaction
As stated above, Japanese students’ self-esteem is lower than other countries'. To
solve this, I expect that multicultural transactions would fill a gap between students.
4. Success
As Taku KONDO’s study shows, many articles use some activities which havesucceeded. Therefore, this study set this term as a hidden element from articles.

This study suggests MUN as a solution that fills three of the four terms above. First,
MUN is absolutely a “Group Work.” Each pair(or small group) of students works as an”ambassador” and finally they have a big meeting. All of MUN is Group Work. Second,
MUN needs many people, takes long days, and the final big meeting also needs a longtime. The feature can fulfill ”Universal Experience.” Third, “Multicultural Transaction”
could be fulfilled by having a MUN that includes foreign people, but fulfilling it is noteasy for schools because they have to invite more foreigners. This term is one ofunsolved problems.
Next, this study shows some concrete plans to make MUN a success below.
In the first place, there is a remaining term, “Success.” To solve this problem,“Humour at the Model United Nations: The Role of Laughter in Constituting
Geopolitical Assemblages”(Jason Dittmer,2013) is useful. The study showed that humor
and laughter can support MUN. However, In Japan, there might be few people who
make actions active due to Japanese cultural background. Hironori NATORI(2007) andTadashi SENDA(1997) say that “praise” or “achievement” will increase students’motivation. Though these educational activities are different from MUN, students will
discuss more actively by adopting “prize”into MUN. To create “humor,” I suggest
MUN to build “Entertainer-Prize”, which praises a person who moved actively in MUN.

３

Conclusion

The first study about specific activities to improve students’ self-esteem showed that
MUN is an appropriate solution to increase students’ self-esteem. Second, to create“Entertainer-Prize” into MUN would make MUN a success. There is an unsolved
problem of how schools invite foreign people to MUN.

４

References[1]Japan Cabinet Office(2019). Japan and Some Countries Young People’s Attitude
Survey[2]Sosuke MIYAMOTO(2012). The relationship between friendship network size andsocial-esteem - Comparison between Japanese and American university students[3]Taku KONDO, Hideo YAMAZAKI, Yuka TANAKA, Minami OTOI(2016).
The change of self-esteem in “A Chorus”[4]Jason Dittmer(2013). Humour at the Model United Nations: The Role of Laughter inConstituting Geopolitical Assemblages[5]Yasuko AOTO, Maki MURASE(2012). A Study of Factors Which Raise theSelf-affirmation of Part-time high School Students[6]Hironori NATORI(2007). Coaches’ verbal Feedback and Elementary School Football
Players’ Motivation[7]Tadashi SENDA(1994). A Study of Achievement Motivation in Learning Activity ofPhysical Education

To Improve Nasal Congestion~Find The Best Way Without Taking Medicine~5105 Rikuto Serizawa
Abstract
This study’s final destination is to find the best way to improve nasal congestion
without taking medicine. I found an article on the Internet. It said that there are aboutfour hundred million people who have hay fever in the world. This number includes
me. Of course I always take medicines. Even though I sometimes have nasal
congestion suddenly. Therefore I'd like to find the best way. I looked for many ways toimprove it, separated them into five systems,and tried them on my body. To understandeasily, I studied by stopping taking medicine, which made my allergy worse. On my
subjective feeling, the best system is pushing the accupoint Geiko and the place is theside of the nose. This study has a problem that it doesn’t have credibility because of thelittle subject. In the future, I want to gather more subjects and make this study morecredible.
１

Introduction
When I was five years old, I got hay fever. The symptoms were really terrible. For

example, I injured my eyes because of over scrubbing. However the biggest problem isnasal congestion. When it is terrible, I can’t breath with my nose. It is really hard, but
the biggest reason is not to sing easily. Nasal congestion makes it hard for me to singand because of sniffling, the throat would be worse. It has been my stress for 12 years.
Of course I always take medicines. Even so, I am attacked by nasal congestion
suddenly. In addition, I found an article that said that about four hundred million people
in the world have hay fever. Another article said that there are some descriptions ofancient Babylonia’s heritage which express hay fever. These days, hay fever isinfamous in Japan but actually it is a disease which has become a problem all times andplaces. So I want to find the best way to improve nasal congestion wherever andwhenever they are.
２

Discussion and implicationsFirst, I researched the ways to improve it. I found a lot of ways. I would try all theway on my body, but I can’t choose the best way from them. Therefore I decided toseparate these ways by the system to improve it. Now, I will introduce the five systems
and ways on each systems. First, “Improve sympathetic nerves”. It will contract thenasal mucous membrane, spread the passage of air in the nose, and nasal congestion is
improved. I chose the way to pinch a PET bottle with your armpit. If you pinch thebottle on the right armpit, you would improve the left side of the nose. The effect willappear on the opposite side of the nose. Second, ”Improve the flow of blood andlymph”. Because of accumulating blood on the nose, the nasal mucous membrane
expands and feels congestion. I chose the way to scrub your neck from top to bottom.
Third, “Pless the acupoint”. The name of the acupoint is Geikou. Fourth, “Be in
Moisture”. I found it on most of western websites. I chose the way to take a shower.
Fifth, “Make the situation that you are lacking oxygen”. It is really dangerous. Becauseof the lack of oxygen, our brain wants to take in more oxygen. Therefore the brain
made an order to spread the nose’s passages of air. As a result, nasal congestion
improved. In addition, Because of using it, we may get drug-induced rhinitis, so I did
not choose it.
Next, I tried it on my body and made a ranking of these five systems. The judgement
was by my subjectivity. The destination is to be easy to sing by the ways, so I judged
by how I can sing better because of the ways. To make the conditions equal, I madesome standards for this study. To make a good throat, I tried it in the afternoon, andsang the basic song to warm up. Then, I started to study.
３Conclusion
I made the ranking.

1, Plessing the acupoint
2, improving sympathetic nerves
3, Lack of oxygen

4, Improving the flow of blood and lymph
5, Moisture
In my conclusion, Plessing the acupoint is the best way to improve nasal congestion.
“Moisture” which I found in western website made my symptoms worse. I took ashower in about 10 minutes. I think because of hot water and moisture, the nose’s
passages have become narrow and nasal congestion getting worse.
In this study, the biggest problem is not to have enough credibility because this study
has only my data.
I am curious whether the way of moisture is really bad or not. I found it on many
western websites, so It may be a good way for western people who have nasal
congestion.
In the future, I want to get a lot of data on all ages and a lot of people in different
countries. Then, I found the best way and spread around the world especially forpeople who can not receive medical care.
４

References「⿐づまりを解消する、即効性のある3つの⽅法」<https://www.mylohas.net/2018/03/blocked_nose.html>（3⽉18⽇）「たった1分で「⿐づまり」を解消︕ 花粉症の原因はあなたの夜の◯◯の習慣かも!?
花粉症解決にこのエクササイズを」< https://ddnavi.com/review/518364/a/ >（3⽉18⽇）
「花粉症の⿐づまりは“⾜⾸輪ゴム”で解消!? ⽿⿐科医が発⾒した驚きの裏技とは︕」<https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/16134562/ >（3⽉18⽇）「花粉症がつらい季節... 1分で⿐づまりが治るヨガが話題」<https://www.j-cast.com/trend/2018/03/19324068.html >（3⽉18⽇）「もう⿐いらない…オフィス内で⼀瞬にして⿐づまりを治すマッスルな⽅法」<https://bita.jp/blog/kahun_muscle > （3⽉18⽇）「呼吸を楽に︕指を使うだけで⿐づまりを解消できる裏ワザ」<https://www.chietoku.jp/nose-trick/ >（3⽉18⽇）「粘膜下下⿐甲介⾻切除術」<https://www.hiroshiba.com/nose/operation02.html > （3⽉18⽇）「⾳痴の原因は⿐づまり︕︖歌に与える4つの悪影響と改善法を公開︕」<https://music-planet.jp/blog/onchi_hanadumari/ >（3⽉18⽇）

「⽌まらない⿐⽔対策にヨガが有効︕︖アレルギー性⿐炎・副⿐腔炎の間違ったセル
フケアに注意」<https://tokusengai.com/_ct/17261718 > （3⽉18⽇）「⿐づまりの４つの原因と対策とは︖」<https://www.angfa.jp/karada-aging/practice/stuffy-nose/ >（3⽉18⽇）「⽇本の⼦どもたちのアレルギーはどう変わりつつあるのか学校・インターネット調
査からみた⼦どものアレルギーの実態」<https://allergyportal.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/21074358/epidemiological_inv
estigation_2020.pdf > （3⽉18⽇）「How to Clear a Stuffy Nose」<https://www.healthline.com/health/stuffy-nose-relief#_noHeaderPrefixedContent >（10⽉12⽇）To Learn “ Living English”~ Education by “Subscription Type English Cram School” ~5106 Rei Hayashi
Abstract
Recently, a decline of Japanese’ English language skill has been discussed around
Japan. In fact, there is some data indicating that it is surely true. In this study, I focus on
the three biggest causes which prevent Japanese from getting high English standard,①studying only for college entrance exams, ②ALTs who play a role of an audio, and③the hesitation to pronounce English. And I propose the idea of an institution where
Japanese children can interact with native English speakers in order to improve English
language skill in Japan.
１

Introduction
In 2020, “EF(Education First)”, one of the biggest language schools around theworld, announced “EF EPI” which shows the ranking of English language skill level.
According to their announcement, they regard the level of English language skill inJapan as 55th and classify it as “low”. Then, I focus on English education fromchildhood in Japan and cite three things as the cause of the stagnant English standard inJapan.
First one is to study only for college entrance exams. Some Japanese tend to thinkthat they study English for the purpose of passing the exam rather than using English.
And this thought makes learners nervous because they hesitate to make any mistakes intheir English. Moreover, they mainly study writing, reading, and listening in theireducational curriculum, so they have less chance to study and speak English. That is
one of the reasons why Japanese students are sometimes not capable of communicating
in practical English.
Second one is ALTs who only play an audio role. There are some ALTs at eachschool, but in English class at some elementary schools, they often play an audio roleand classroom teachers mainly teach English in Japanese. It is a good opportunity forelementary students to be taught English by ALTs (or native English speakers) andcommunicate with such people. Therefore, we have to use ALTs more effectively thannow.
Third one is the hesitation to speak English. It is a common saying that the older you
get, the more you feel embarrassed when you speak English. In particular, the students
who have reached puberty are more likely to hesitate to use English because ofembarrassment. To solve this problem, I think it is useful for them to start learning
English before they feel embarrassed to speak English. In other words, early English
education is effective in this respect.
The purpose of this study is to suggest an idea of the institution, which makes up for
those three problems.
２

Discussion and implications
A researcher, Narita[2013] suggested that we need to prepare an English cafe wherestudents can have a cultural interaction with native English speakers and can practiceEnglish conversation at school (in his research, “school” means university) . I would
like to propose an idea based on this opinion, but whereas I recognize the importance ofEnglish cafes, it seems to me that English cafes are a little casual and they sometimes
provide students with inaccurate English because the people who are in an English cafe
are not necessarily native English speakers. Therefore, I would like to propose“Subscription type English cram school” for young people.
The reason why I want to establish this kind of institution is to reduce children’s
hesitation to use English by teaching English at an early stage of their growth. The
students can use it not so much to study English as to learn English communication,rhythm, pronunciation, and the joy of learning English, so it is cram school, but it islike an English cafe. I would like to divide it into two parts, (1)the learning room and(2)the shared communication room. In (1)the learning room, the main staff are Japanesewho teach English grammar, so students can use this institution like any other cramschool. Also in (2) the shared communication room, the main staff are native English
speakers and students can use this institution at any time. They learn living English
through a conversation with staff there.
３

Conclusion
I suggest “ subscription type English cram school “ in order to make up for①studying only for college entrance exam, ②ALTs who play a role of an audio, and③the hesitation to pronounce English. However, I have not thought about a concretemechanism and plan, so I need to go over some of the advantages and disadvantages ofthis proposal more. From now on, I would like to do my research focusing on thecontents of “subscription type English cram school.”
４

References

・「コンチネンタル国際⾏政書⼠事務所ー保育園で外国⼈の採⽤は可能かー 」
https://continental-immigration.com/employ/hoikuen/ （R２，１１⽉２２⽇）
・「EF EPI」 https://www.efjapan.co.jp/epi/about-epi/faq/ （R２,１０⽉１２⽇）
・「0歳からの英語教育「いい︖悪い︖」論争 最新調査で決着︕︖」
https://dot.asahi.com/print_image/index.html?photo=2017072800066_1 （R3,１⽉２５⽇）
・「⼩学校・中学校・⾼等学校におけるALTの実態に関する⼤規模アンケート 最終報告書2017」 https://www.bun-eido.co.jp/aste/alt_final_report.pdf (R3, 1⽉30⽇)
・「⽇本⼈に相応しい英語教育ー外国語習得の仕組みと⾔語差ー」

https://www.bun-eido.co.jp/aste/alt_final_report.pdf（R3, 10⽉17⽇)

The Solution to Bad Report by the Media~The Improvement Quality of Report with Radio Wave Auction~
5107 Sora Hirakata

Abstract

I suggest the solution of the media`s bad reporting is to use the radio wave auction
system. The system is famous and popular in many countries except Japan. That is themedia which wants to report by buying the right of reporting with an auction.It has
many benefits for us and the media. For example, all media have a chance to report,
also the company which is newcomer. And if the media reports the truth and gets thetrust of customers, the company can get a right again and continue to report. As for thefund to report, I suggest establishing the investment system for newcomers andindependent existing companies from their parental companies to get rid of theirexcessive investors. This allows every madias can do the radio wave auction equally.

1 Introduction

Now in the world, there are many dramatizations, clipping and bias reporting such as
governmental censorship by China and North Korea,also recently Myanmar`s dictatorial
military regime is too. and that problem is not only the country but also many countries
around this world. That is because there are many media watch associations in the worldsuch as a ``FAIR`` in the US. So it is a serious problem in the world now. The cause is
two points. First, many reporting companies have a lot of money and they can get itfrom their parent company anytimes. So if a new reporting company joins the media

industry, the company can not fight against the well-established one. Therefore, if thissystem continues in the future, it will not change forever the quality of the report . The
second is people do not have an interest in the media and the truth of information whichbroadcasted from the media. In Japan, it is a serious problem that young people do notwatch the news and do not have interest in the information truth or false. That results inpeople becoming passive to the media. It means people feed the reporting companies’
own sense of false justice that we feed and help many people’s lives with our
broadcasting. That is a terrible situation for us because there are no people who canlimit the media’s outrage. So we should establish the radio wave auction and support
investment systems for the fresh reporting companies.

2

Discussion and implications

Radio Wave Auction
This research has to take two steps, protect reporting companies independence andset up the system so both fresh media and old media can fight with radio wave auction.
Mr.Yoichi Takahashi, an economist in theJapan evaluated the radio wave auction,said, “If you say crazy things, you will lose popularity, and if you are popular, you will
gain viewers and sponsors.” The radio wave auction is an auction in which the media do
an auction for the rights of the reporting. The merit is equality. Now in this world also inJapan, few media can report. The company which can report is given the right of reportfrom the government. It cost a lot of money to buy the rights. The fresh media can`t
buy it. So it is difficult to change the quality of the report, because there is no race toimprove the quality of it. Therefore I suggest introducing the radio wave auction andevaluate media equality based on whether they are doing the right reporting or not.

Investing System
Second, The investing system for the fresh media. It was established to support the
fresh media to do an auction by equality in the terms of funds. It is like a “Furusato

Nozei” in Japan. People who want to assist and cheer for the fresh media, people givesome money to help the media. And the media which get money to do an auction return
the part of the money if the media could get the right of reporting. There is a rule about
support for money. Set a limit on the amount of money each person can donate, because
if one person donates a large amount, that person may become like the parent company.
And its purpose is to support the fresh media to do an auction and to win more easily to
get the right of the reporting. Finally, there is the radio auction, which will make itpossible to determine the value of a station based solely on the quality of its reporting,regardless of background. Radio auctions will allow new broadcasters to enter themarket freely, and competition will result in high quality reporting and programming. Ifthey say crazy things, they will lose popularity, and if they are popular, they will gain
viewers and sponsors. That is my research’s ultimate goal.

3

Conclusion
As for the result, I have explored several other ideas, but I think this one is the most

realistic. To summarize the three ideas I've mentioned so far, eliminate the strength andharm of the existing press, and create a situation where everyone can receive
information equally, and only those news organizations that provide correct and quality
information will remain.
This is what I mean. And there is a problem. I do not think that the radio wave auction
plan allows the existing reporting companies. So It has to promote and cooperate withmany members in the media.

4

References

watched 23 July, 2021
https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/category/employment_law
Media | Wex | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institutehttps://fair.org/about-fair/
watched 24 August, 2021

What`s FAIR ?

https://gendai.ismedia.jp/articles/-/49808?page=2
新聞テレビが絶対に報道しない「⾃分たちのスーパー既得権」だから⽇本の報
道は「左巻き」になる(Y. Takahashi.2016)
watched 31 august 2021
https://www.jnpc.or.jp
⽇本記者クラブ JapanNationalPressClub (JNPC)
https://www.ntv.co.jp/ir/holder/stock_info.html
⽇本テレビ 企業 ＩＲ情報
https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/7f8bb85aab73c899bedf2da34f8d5cc2e8aa3bbe
メディアは「共感」や「同調圧⼒強化」を求めて動くな 新型コロナワクチンの報道に精神科医が注⽂Supporting Developing Countries by Human Resources Development~Support of Private Company~
5108 Ryota Horiguchi
Abstract
Now, there is enough infrastructure in Japan. Thanks to this, we can use electricity, water,
and the internet almost everywhere. In addition, we can use cars, trains, and bicycles becauseof safety and clean roads. However, in other countries especially Africa do not have enoughinfrastructure, so they cannot go to school, or hospitals. Because of that, developed countries
including Japan, US, and EU have been supported developing countries by official
development assistance (ODA). However, as you know, developing countries did not change
by ODA. Besides Action Aid, one of the NGOs, made a report that said about 60% of ODA
which is done was wasteful. Thus I suggest that Japanese private company do humanresources development in developing countries to support developing countries. To support
developing countries is so important because the problems of developing countries may haveinfluence on people’s lives who live in developing countries. Thanks to support by privatecompany, of course developing countries can maintain infrastructure and private companies
can get profits when economies in developing countries become big.
１

Introduction
The purpose of this study is how to support developing countries and maintaininfrastructure there. For example, COVID-19 pandemic started and it is continuing still. It issaid that COVID-19 viruses were born in a market in Wuhan in China. Raw meat was sold in
the market, and the market was not clean enough to keep hygiene conditions. However if
Japan or other countries support China and give technologies that keep the market clean.
Thanks to this support, developed countries may not need to take measures of COVID-19.
Like this, the problems of developing countries will affect developed countries.
Supporting developing countries is important for not only developing countries but also
developed countries.
However recently, many developed countries may not understand the real reason why theyshould support developing countries. Japan, the US, and other developing countries havebeen supporting developing countries by ODA. In spite of these, these ODA did not work

well because developed countries did not know the state of developing countries, so they
think that the fact of supporting is important, but the most important thing is to support
effectively.
We need to change how to support developing countries and support them strongly.
２

Discussion and implications《The now state of Japan ODA》
The Japanese government decided to use about 560 billion yen for ODA in 2020. This
amount of money looks very big, actually, Japanese government used ten thousand billion
yen for ODA in 1997. Although the government needs to use the budget for social security or
education, the decrease of supporting money means a delay of development.
Seemingly, developed countries need to add to the budget of ODA. However, according
to Action Aid, a international NGO, concluded that about 47% of Japanese ODA was “Ghost
support”. It means that Japanese ODA was not useful for developing countries. I think thisproblem comes from how to decide to support developing countries. In Japan, how to
support, which county to support, or other things are decided at the Infrastructure Strategy
Conference in the cabinet secretariat. They need to consider these things so seriously.
Because of this, it takes long time to start to support and when Japan supports, the state ofdeveloping countries is changed. Japanese ODA is said that it is not effective and speedy.
《Support by Japanese private company》
From the current state of Japanese ODA, I propose that Japanese private companies dohuman resources development in developing countries. First, I thought that Japan should add
to the budget of ODA, however as you know, ODA did not work well. Thus a new system of
support is needed. Private companies build foreign branches in developing countries, andmaintain infrastructure and at once develop human resources.
The merits of this support are two. First, it is easy to support developing countries. They
can reduce the time to decide how to support. Private companies need not consider seriously
like the government. Thanks to this, we can solve the problems of Japanese ODA. We can
support developing countries quickly. Second, people who live in developing countries will
be able to maintain infrastructure by themselves. Private companies develop human resources
there, so inhabitants can get the ability to maintain. Private companies need support only
materials and equipment. And until now, sometimes infrastructure made by ODA wasdestroyed by conflict, so the government needed to support them again. It is a waste ofmoney and time. The government needs to consider how much money to support or how to
support again. However, because residents have the ability to maintain, they can maintainagain immediately.
《Merit for Japanese private company》
However the question is always whether there are benefits to developing countries andcompanies. They cannot forecast the benefits to them. Even so the problems of developing
countries will affect developed countries and supporting developing countries is essential not
only for developing countries but also developed countries as I mentioned before. However,
although supporting developing countries is important, I understand that private companies
do not support because private companies have to make a profit and pay salaries to
employees.
Even though private companies do not want to support developing countries, I think thissystem of supporting developing countries that I propose will bring benefits to privatecompanies.
It is good for private companies to be able to get profits when developing countries which
they support grow their economies. One of the reasons why developing countries did not
grow their economies is not to have a distribution system because of lack of roads, railroads,
and airlines. Even if developing countries people make products, they cannot carry products
faraway place, so they can get only a little proceeds. However, if they get enoughinfrastructure supported by private companies, the distribution system will be ready. Thanks
to this, the economy will be revitalized and the nations become richer. By doing so, people
will use money to buy something and Japanese private companies can sell their products. I
think Japanese private companies will get more benefits than other countries’ companies
because they have been supporting and have branch offices there, so they will be trusted byresidents. Japanese private companies will expand their market share.
Like this, there are many merits for developing countries and also for private companies,
so private companies should start to support developing countries by using this system.
３

Conclusion
In conclusion, I suggest a new supporting system for developing countries. Japanese

private companies develop human resources in developing countries and when thedeveloping countries become richer, they can get benefits. Also of course there is a merit fordeveloping countries that they can maintain infrastructure. However, I need to solve theproblem that private companies did not support before because they do not want to do things
that they cannot predict the future benefits for them.
４

References

・Action Aid［2005］Real Aid. Retrieved on
https://actionaid.org/publications/2005/real-aid-agenda-making-aid-work (Viewed on July20, 2021)
・Ministry of Foreigh Affairs of Japan［2019］Japan’s ODA budget. Retrieved
from https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/budget/index.html (Viewed on July 20, 2021)
・UNDP representation office at Washington [2017] Goal 9: Industrial Innovation andInfrastructure. Retrieved fromhttps://www.us.undp.org/content/washington/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-9-industry-innovation-and-infrastructure.html (Viewed on October 16, 2020)
・⼤林稔［2011］貧困者に届く⽀援を−⽇本のアフリカ向けODAの課題
https://www.hurights.or.jp/archives/newsletter/sectiion3/2011/01/---oda.html (閲覧⽇ 2021
年1⽉19⽇）・財務省[2020] 2018年における⽇本の開発途上国に対する資⾦の流れ
https://www.mof.go.jp/policy/international_policy/reference/financial_flows_to_developing_countries/data/gaiyou2018.pdf （閲覧⽇ 2020年12⽉4⽇）

Making Wine in Gunma〜Is the Terroir of Gunma Suitable for Wine Production〜
5109

Izumi Maeda

Abstract
In recent years, the amount of wine consumed in Japan has been increasing
every year. Therefore, I would like to make wine in Gunma Prefecture and boost theprefecture as a new industry. In this study, I explain whether it is possible to produce
wine in Gunma in terms of terroir suitable for wine.
１

Introduction

There are two things I would like to clarify in this research. The first is whether
it is possible to produce wine in Gunma, and the second is what can be done to promote
Gunma wine. These are the two questions I would like to research.
Currently, the amount of wine produced in Japan is increasing year by year.
However, when looking at the number of wineries by region, the five regions of
Yamanashi, Hokkaido, Nagano, Yamagata, and Niigata account for 60% of Japan's wine
production. As the demand for wine is increasing, we believe that we can prove that we
can make wine in Gunma Prefecture, and furthermore, that this will lead to thedevelopment of the region as a new industry in Gunma Prefecture.
The first step in the research process was to determine what kinds of places are
suitable for winemaking, and to consider whether there are actually such places inGunma Prefecture from a geographical perspective. Then, I will consider how to makewine in Gunma and how to promote it. Therefore, this research will be mainly aliterature review.
Since I will be using the term "terroir" frequently in this paper, I would like todefine it beforehand. Terroir refers to the geographic, topographical, and climaticcharacteristics of a growing region as it relates to winemaking.
There are also two types of wine countries: Old World and New World. Old
World is simply defined as the regions that have been producing wine for a long time,
mainly in Europe. New World, on the other hand, is the countries that started producing
wine after World War II, including Chile, the United States, and Australia. Japan is ofcourse one of the New World countries. One of the characteristics of New World wine isthat it is inexpensive and has a high alcohol content.
２

Discussion and implicationsFirst of all, what is a good terroir for wine? Basically, land with good drainage ischosen to produce wine grapes. The more sunshine hours, the better it is for wine
production. Generally speaking, the harsher the environment, the better the grapes. This

is because the vine does not actively use the energy it takes in to prepare the seeds forstorage. This allows the energy to be channeled into the fruit, which in turn produces
good grapes. This is the basis of a good terroir.
Next, we turn our attention to terroir, especially soil. Within the Old World, there
are many regions with different characteristics. I will focus on a few of them.
1) Clayiness: Excellent water retention. The soil does not retain too much water anddoes not dry out. It is also resistant to sunshine.
2）Volcanic ash: Soil that has accumulated volcanic ash from volcanic eruptions, and isrich in nutrients and well-drained. Acidic soils are basically unsuitable for grape
production,with the exception of volcanic ash.
3）Calcareous: Contains a lot of calcium carbonate. It is rich in minerals and has gooddrainage.
4）Sandy: Fine sand that drains well but does not retain water well. It dries out easily.
5) Gravelly: Very well drained and reflects sunlight well, so grapes grow easily.
These are just a few of the many characteristics of the soils we have chosen. There arealso Wine grape varieties that are suited to each soil type, but these are beyond thescope of this paper.
With these facts in mind, I would like to look at the terroir of Gunma. First ofall, according to the data from the Japan Meteorological Agency, Gunma Prefectureranks 45th inprecipitation and 2nd in sunshine hours among the prefectures. In other words, it doesn't
rain much in Gunma and the sunshine hours are long. This makes it a very suitableterroir for wine grapes, as you can see from the description of suitable terroir
above.As for the soil, we found out from the soil map of the Gunma Agricultural
Administration Department that there is a lot of soil called "black box soil". Black Box
Soil is highly hydrophilic and also has good drainage. In this respect, too, the terroir ofGunma Prefecture may be suitable for wine production.
Finally, I would like to discuss the main varieties of wine grapes used in Japan.
In Japan, there are many varieties of wine grapes such as "Koshu" for white wine and"Muscat Bailey Alpha" and "Black Queen" for red wine. These varieties were createdby Zenbe Kawakami, who improved them to make wine in Japan. Since these varieties
are grown in many places in Japan, we believe that they can be grown in Gunma
without any problem. It is also possible to grow international varieties such as
Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and Riesling, which are grown regardless of the region.
３

Conclusion

As I mentioned earlier, the purpose of this study was twofold: to find out if it ispossible to make wine in Gunma, and to find out what can be done to promote the wineof Gunma. However, this study was not able to address the question of how to promote
the wine of Gunma in detail. Therefore, a brief summary of the findings of this study isthat it is possible to make wine in Gunma. In addition, there is a good chance that wecan produce higher quality wine than in regions such as Yamanashi and Hokkaido,
which are currently the largest producers.
I would like to summarize the future prospects and challenges of this research.
First of all, there are many things that will not be known until the actual production ofwine grapes in Gunma Prefecture is considered. Therefore, I would like to focus on a
specific region and collect data for further research. In terms of promoting wine, I
believe that we can solve this problem by creating wines that have uniquecharacteristics of Gunma. I would also like to think about the sustainability of wine
production in the future.
４ References
若⽣ゆき絵（n.d.）ワインの基礎知識. 新星出版社
群⾺県農政部技術⽀援課（2021）群⾺県耕地⼟壌図 Retrieved fromhttp://www.aic.pref.gunma.jp/agricultural/management/technology/soil/03/03040000.html

総務省統計局（2016）国⼟・気象 Retrieved fromhttps://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/back64/01.html

suntory ブドウ品種で⾒る⽇本ワインRetrieved fromhttps://www.suntory.co.jp/wine/nihon/column/hinshu01.html
⽇本醸造協会誌 岩の原葡萄園Retrieved fromhttps://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jbrewsocjapan1988/86/3/86_3_210/_article/-char/ja/
国税庁課税部酒税課 国内製造ワインの概況Retrieved fromhttps://www.nta.go.jp/taxes/sake/shiori-gaikyo/seizogaikyo/kajitsu/pdf/28wine.pdf

Shinkansen runs all over the world~Promoting the export of Japan's high-speed rail technology~

5110

Yamashita Daichi

Abstract
These days, the demands for high speed railways are increasing inSouth-East Asia and America. Japan has high-speed rail
technology(Shinkansen), and tried to sell it, but they couldn't get a contract. This
study investigates the reason why Japan undertook the construction of a highspeed railway project overseas, and what we should do at order competition inother countries. Now, many high-speed railway plans have been announced.
Europe, Japan, and China, which already own railways, are competing fororders. On the other hand, there are only a few export examples of Japanesetechnology. The Shinkansen is characterized by high safety and punctuality, but
it has the problem of high construction costs. One of the causes is that
manufacturers of vehicles and electricity are crowded. Therefore, I propose toestablish a new railway consulting company that will oversee the overseas
export business. In Europe, such a method has already been adopted, and thecost can be reduced by having one company take charge of everything frombusiness verification to construction start, opening of business, and sales. In
addition, since demand is increasing in emerging countries, there are few
countries that have enough funds, even though they are major national projects.
Like India's high-speed rail business, which Japan has successfully received
orders for, financial support will also be aggressive by ODA .

１Introduction
As a result of the new coronavirus epidemic, the profits of railroad
companies have been declining due to a decrease in demand for commuting andtravel. With the recent development of heavy industries in China and Korea,
Japanese companies are losing ground in the fields of rolling stock andshipbuilding. However, the Shinkansen, which boasts of high technology andexperience in safety and punctuality with no fatalities or injuries in the 50 years
since its inauguration in 1964, is highly regarded overseas, and the governmentis promoting plans to export the Shinkansen overseas. In recent years, railroads,
which were once considered a shady industry, have been attracting attention
worldwide. The demand for high-speed rail is increasing dramatically, andcountries are paying close attention to it. High-speed rail projects require theconstruction of not only tracks and rolling stock, but also large-scale
infrastructure such as bridges and elevated tracks, and require appropriatetechnology and funds. For this reason, it is a project that can be of great benefit
to industrially advanced countries, and France and Germany have a track recordof construction and technology licensing in various parts of Europe, the UnitedStates, and Asia. On the other hand, Japan's Shinkansen technology has only
been exported to a few countries, such as Taiwan High Speed Rail , the British
Express, and a high-speed rail project in India. Although the Shinkansen boasts
of safety and punctuality, there are few examples of orders received. The goal of
the project is to contribute to the countries that receive orders, earn profits, anddisseminate the technology in order to win more orders.

２

Discussion and implications
In recent years, there have been proposals to build high-speed railroads
in many countries around the world, which are expected to facilitatetransportation and have a number of economic benefits. Europe, Japan, andChina are currently competing to win orders for their own high-speed railsystems, with emerging countries and the U.S., which has not placed muchemphasis on railroads, being the most important players. France's TGV
high-speed train has the largest track record, and exports to a wide range ofcountries, including South Korea, the United States, and Morocco. In recent
years, China has been rapidly improving its technology and making its presence
felt, participating in many competitions for orders and successfully winningthem with its unbeatable prices. The demand for high-speed rail is increasing
dramatically, and other countries are keeping a close eye on it.
I propose the establishment of a new railroad consultancy company tooversee overseas export business. In Europe, such an approach has already beentaken, with investments from national railways (private companies), banks,
governments, rolling stock companies, electric companies, civil engineering
companies, and others. There, a single company is responsible for everythingfrom project verification to construction, opening, sales, and support, thereby
reducing costs.
Shinkansen trains are characterized by their high safety and punctuality,
but they are expensive to build. However, it is inevitable that costs will rise as
safety is pursued, rolling stock is made faster, and comfort is improved, andsuppressing these costs may lead to a loss of trust. Therefore, we looked forother ways to reduce costs, and found that the problem was that the
manufacturers of rolling stock, electricity, etc. were all over the place. Japan'sbullet train system has a division of labor among many companies in various
fields such as bridges, tracks, and rolling stock. For example, Kawasaki Heavy
Industries, Hitachi, Ltd. and Nippon Sharyo are all involved in the manufactureof rolling stock. As a result, the interests of these companies, which normallyneed to collaborate and cooperate in overseas business, do not coincide,resulting in increased costs.
In addition, since demand is increasing in emerging countries, there arefew countries that have sufficient funds for such projects, even though they are
major national projects. In India's high-speed railroad project, for which Japanwas successful in winning the order, it provided an extremely generous loan of
1.8 trillion yen, or about 80% of the total project cost, with an interest rate of
0.1% and a payback period of 50 years. As China has succeeded in winningorders with its overwhelming financial strength, Japan will also need toaggressively provide yen loans through ODA.
However, for the U.S., it is important not only to have financial strength,
but also to have the attitude to win orders. In the past, when Japan and Europe
competed against each other in the race to win orders for high-speed rail inSouth Korea, Europe launched an unfounded negative campaign against Japan,
saying that its technology was low and that it had many failures. As a result,
Europe was awarded the contract, partly due to political issues between Japanand South Korea, but Japan's overly humble attitude is also a problem. Although
Japan should not develop unfounded criticism, an overly humble stance of notcriticizing the other side at all will be a disadvantage in bidding. It will benecessary for Japan to develop some degree of negative campaigning. In the
U.S., a high-speed rail system is already in operation on the West Coast, withtechnology provided by France, and it has been a success. On the East Coast,
there is also a line under construction, and JR Tokai is planning to build ahigh-speed rail line between Houston and Dallas. President Biden has pledged toincrease the speed of rail lines in the U.S., and Japanese companies are expected
to have more opportunities to participate in rail projects in the U.S., and are
required to be proactive in planning and bidding. The current railroad company
in the U.S., like JR in Japan, is the Association of American Railroad Passengers(Amtrak), but it is also notorious for accidents. Therefore, if the safety andpunctuality of Japanese railroads can be utilized, and if American financial
resources are also available, there is a high possibility of participating in the
project.

３Conclusion
I propose the establishment of a new railroad consultancy company tooversee overseas export projects. Such an approach is already being used inEurope. A single company would be responsible for all aspects of the project,from verification to construction, opening, sales, and support, thereby reducing
costs.
Shinkansen trains are safe and punctual, but their construction costs arehigh. However, it is inevitable that costs will rise as safety is pursued, rollingstock is made faster, and comfort is improved. However, there is a problem that
manufacturers of rolling stock and electricity are in disarray. In Japan's
Shinkansen, there is a division of labor among many companies in various fields
such as bridges, tracks, and rolling stock. Normally, the interests of thesecompanies, which need to cooperate and collaborate in overseas projects, do notcoincide, resulting in increased costs.
In addition, since demand is increasing in emerging countries, there arefew countries that have sufficient funds for such projects, even though they are
major national projects, and active yen loans (ODA) will be necessary.
However, in addition to financial strength, it is also important to have theright attitude to win orders. With U.S. President Biden's pledge to increase thespeed of rail lines, Japanese companies are expected to have more opportunities
to participate in rail projects in the United States. The largest railroad company
in the U.S. is the Association of American Railroad Passengers (Amtrak), but it
is also notorious for accidents. Therefore, there is a high possibility thatJapanese companies will be able to participate in the business if they can takeadvantage of the safety and punctuality of Japanese railroads and also have thefinancial strength of the US.
As Japan's population declines, it is no longer possible to maintainregional lines with the Shinkansen and city profits due to Corona; JR West is
considering discontinuing lines with low passenger numbers. The transportation
capacity provided by Japan's railroads is great, but the demand for it
domestically will decline. However, we can maintain our profits and contributeto the international community by sharing and utilizing our technology andknow-how overseas.

４

References「Overseas Development Strategy October 2017 (International Affairs Division, Railway
Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism)」< https://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001210028.pdf>(2020/07/15)「Shinkansen Railway Development (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport andTourism」<https://www.mlit.go.jp/tetudo/shinkansen/shinkansen6_QandA.html>(2020/07/27)「A New Stage in the Development of China's High-Speed Railways: From Technology
Introduction to Overseas Development through Original R&D(Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry) 」<https://www.rieti.go.jp/users/china-tr/jp/161019sangyokigyo.html>(2020/07/27)「Global Demand for High-Speed Rail and Japan's Export Strategy 」<https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268144627.pdf>(2020/07/27)「Global Demand for High-Speed Rail and Japan's Export Business (2)」<https://aichiu.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=
2821&item_no=1&attribute_id=22&file_no =1> (2020/07/29)「Global High-Speed Rail Strategy: A Case Study of Hitachi, Ltd.」<http://reposit.sun.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10561/1451/1/v52n2p1_ezaki.pdf>(2020/09/

04)「Current Status and Issues of Shipbuilding Industry" (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism)」<https://www.mlit.go.jp/policy/shingikai/content/001348308.pdf>(2021/07/15)「American intercity passenger rail must be truly high-speed and transit-oriented」<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0966692312000233>(2021/05/22)「Overseas Development Strategy October 2017 (International Affairs Division,
Railway Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism)」<https://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001210028.pdf> (2020/07/15)「Development of Shinkansen Railways (Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport
and Tourism) 」<https://www.mlit.go.jp/tetudo/shinkansen/shinkansen6_QandA.html>(2020/07/27)「Global demand for high-speed rail and Japan's export business (1)」<https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268144627.pdf>(2020/07/27)「Global demand for high-speed rail and Japan's export business (2)」<https://aichiu.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=
2821&item_no=1&attribute_id=22&file_no=1>(2021/07/27)「Global High-Speed Rail Strategy - A Case Study of Hitachi, Ltd.」<http://reposit.sun.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10561/1451/1/v52n2p1_ezaki.pdf>(2021/07/
27)

Using Traceability Systems to Stop Water Shortages~Thinking about the World’s Water Problems through Avocados~

5111 Aoi Iwasaki

Abstract
Water shortage is one of the biggest problems of the world, and it is considered to bethat water shortage is speeding up as population explosion goes more. The purpose ofthis study is to think about what we can do in this situation. In this study, I thought
about water, focusing on avocados, which are currently in fashion. Huge amounts ofwater are needed to grow avocados, so water stress in the production area is very high.
Japan covers its internal water needs by importing virtual water. In other words, Japan isa country that saves a great deal of water. Therefore, water shortages, water pollution,and other water problems overseas are not unrelated to Japan. My suggestion to solve
this problem is to disclose the growing environment of food to consumers throughtraceability systems.

1

Introduction
Last year, I conducted a study on why we need to save water. As a result, I found outthat Japan imports virtual water, so if we who live in Japan save water, we can help
solve the water problem in some faraway country in the world. The study also made me
realize the importance of water conservation, so I decided to do another study on water
this year. We focused on avocados because they require far more water than otherpopular vegetables and fruits. Through this research, I hope to improve the water
shortage in the world.

2

Discussion and implications
Due to the growing demand and rising prices, avocados are also called "green gold"in the producing countries. However, it takes 2,000 liters of water to produce 1 kg of
avocado, causing a serious water shortage in the production areas. The United Nations
has set the daily water consumption for basic human rights at 50 liters, which meansthat one avocado can provide enough water for eight people for one day. However, theaverage monthly rainfall in Michoacan, the largest avocado-producing state in Mexico,
is 150mm in the wet season and 15mm in the dry season, which is very low comparedto the world average monthly rainfall of 800mm. In spite of the low precipitation to
begin with, avocado cultivation uses a large amount of water, which leads to water
depletion. Knowing all this makes me think that we should stop eating avocados.
Therefore what about other foods? Does not the production of other foods require asignificant amount of water? This is where I learned about something called virtualwater. Virtual water is "an estimate of how much water a country that imports foodwould need if it were to produce that imported food" (By Ministry of the Environment
website, "What is Virtual Water?"). In other words, how much water is being imported
indirectly? By using the Ministry of the Environment's virtual water calculator to
calculate the amount of food we eat, I was able to realize that Japan is actually closely
involved in water issues overseas, even though they may not seem to be. However, eventhough we import a lot of water, if the water resources in the production area areabundant and the water is used in a sustainable manner, the impact on the environmentis minimal even if water is used for production. On the other hand, if water resources
are low and used in a rough manner, the impact on the environment will be large. The
term "water stress" is used to describe a situation where the amount of water available
per person per year is less than 1,700 tons, making daily life inconvenient. Returning to
the topic of avocados, I read that Mexico, Chile, and Peru, which are the main
production areas of avocados, all have high stress levels of 40-80%. Latin America has
been experiencing a severe drought since 2010, which has devastated agriculture andcattle breeding, and has led to a war for water. In such a situation, large-scale capital isproducing avocados to meet the demand, using large amounts of groundwater andstoring water in reservoirs. This has led to water conflicts between the companies andthe water supply, such as the loss of water for the local water supply. In addition, as
more money flows into the production areas due to the boom, gangs and mafias become
involved, threatening the lives of the growers. It's not that eating avocados is bad, it'sthat in areas where there is a shortage of water, the water is used in an abusive manner
to produce avocados, causing problems for the local people and harming the ecosystem.
By buying such avocados, consumers are also involved in environmental destruction
and crime. In order to prevent consumers from being involved in environmental
destruction and crime, importers and sellers should actively disclose information about
the production areas.
My proposal is to use traceability systems to disclose the growing environment offood from overseas. Traceability means to make it possible to trace a product fromprocurement of raw materials to production, consumption, or disposal in order to clarify"when, where, and by whom the product was made. Some of the products sold insupermarkets have QR codes attached to them, which provide traceability information
when read. Currently, QR codes for traceability include information such as ingredients,
content, best-before date, country of origin, storage method, and manufacturer. We
thought that adding data on the production environment of food to this information
would expand the shopping options for consumers. If more importers and sellers would
disclose this information, more consumers would see the information, more farmers
would import from farmers who use water more carefully, and farmers would improvetheir environment so that more farmers would buy their products.
3

Conclusion
Through avocados, I was able to learn about virtual water and realize the enormous

negative impact that humanity is having on the planet behind the huge popularity of
avocados as more and more people become health conscious. When production has anegative impact on the ecosystem or harms the local population, as in the case of
avocados, I think it is necessary to let the consumer choose what to buy in order toavoid criminalizing them. My suggestion is to use the traceability system that alreadyexists today to disclose the production environment and other conditions of the products
to the public.
4

References

ScienceDirect DarioCaro ”Global virtual water trade of avocado”〈https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article〉(9.14.2021)
WRI Paul Reig ”World’s 36 Most Water-Stressed Countries”〈https://www.wri.org/insights/worlds-36-most-water-stressed-countries〉(9.21.2021)
Weather Spark “Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Morelia”〈https://weatherspark.com/y/4452/Average-Weather-in-Morelia-Mexico-Year-Round〉(9.5.2021)
ウォーターエイド「隠れた⽔−世界⽔の⽇報告書2019」〈https://www.wateraid.org/jp/sites/g/files/jkxoof266/files/2019beneath-the-surface.pdf〉(8.18.2021)
環境省「バーチャルウォーターとは」〈https://www.env.go.jp/water/virtual_water/〉(9.7.2021)
環境省「仮想⽔計算機」〈https://www.env.go.jp/water/virtual_water/kyouzai.html〉(9.7.2021)
国連「WWDR-世界⽔発展報告書」〈https://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/sdissues/water/World_Water_Report_exsum_jpn.pdf〉(9.5.2021)
トレーサビリティ⼤学「トレーサビリティとは」〈https://www.keyence.co.jp/ss/products/marker/traceability/basic_about.jsp〉(9.17.2021)
ニューズウィーク⽇本版

六辻彰⼆「アボカドは「悪魔の果実」か︖─ブームがもたらす環境破壊と難⺠危機」

〈https://www.newsweekjapan.jp/mutsuji/2021/06/post-117.php〉(8.21.2021)
Garden Story HP「捨てないで︕ おいしく⾷べたアボカドのタネから、アボカドを育ててみよう」〈https://gardenstory.jp/plants/18865〉(8.18.2021)
HUFFPOST「気候変動による「⽔ストレス」が世界を脅かす 世界有数の⽔輸⼊⼤国・⽇本
も⾼リスク」〈https://www.huffingtonpost.jp/2013/12/14/water-stress_n_4446648.html〉(9.17.2021)
VICE WORLD NEWS Lauren Rothman「アボカドブームがもたらすチリの⼲ばつ」
https://www.vice.com/ja/article/435w9b/your-bottomless-hunger-for-avocados-is-causin
g-droughts-in-chile〉(8.21.2021)

For Promotion of Mental Health~The Role of Counseling Suitable for Modern Society~5112

Mimi Otsuka

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to find a solution to the problem that the number ofmental patients is increasing. Psychiatric treatment and counseling are both methods toattract mental problems. Also I thought mental patients should rely on counseling firstconsidering the two methods’ characteristics. Then I think we should use online
counseling more and propose two means to refine it. They are a way of publishingadvertisements and using video calling applications. They will help online counseling tobe easier for people to use.

１

Introduction
I was originally interested in psychology so I was gathering information about it.

One day I found data from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare that the number ofmental patients is increasing among a wide range of ages. (2017) Since I found thisdata, I decided to seek a solution to solve the problem.

２

Discussion and implications

Psychiatric treatment and counselingFirst, I would like to explain details of psychiatric treatment and counseling, whichhave something in common. According to the Chiba prefectural government,
psychiatric treatment is categorized literally in the medical field. Healing patients’diseases and reducing the symptoms are the main steps of psychiatry. Thus doctors tend
not to lend an ear to their patients’ talking unless it’s necessary for medical care. Somepeople who see a psychiatric doctor complain about doctors' behavior.
On the other hand, counseling is categorized in the field of psychology. In
counseling, listening to patients’ talking is regarded as the most important thing.
Although counselors cannot take medical care of their patients as doctors, it may bebetter for mental patients.

Counseling on SNS
Based on the differences between psychiatric treatment and counseling, it can be said
that mental patients should rely on counseling services first because counselors listen toclients’ talking well. However, according to Kei Kudo, the chief director of Certified
Specified Nonprofit Corporation Raising Net (2019), people cannot tell their worries toothers easily. There are some reasons for this, such as not knowing what to say, fears of
being regarded as weak when talking with other people, worrying about whether we areout of place, or the opinion that being supported is embarrassing. Then I thought
chatting on SNS can make counseling easier. This is a way of talking to somebody
using official accounts of NPO corporations on SNS applications such as LINE or
Twitter. People chat with the official accounts to talk about their mental problems. Thisway may prevent mental patients from getting worse because patients can use it easierand earlier. I found some official accounts which have already started such online
counseling so I gathered information about them.
First, there are some merits of online counseling. For example, we are able to use
SNS anytime, without disclosing our names and other personal information. Thanks tothis, people will feel less of a sense of resistance than before. In addition, online
services can be used whenever we like. When we go to a face-to-face counseling, weneed to make an appointment and go to see the counselor's place by ourselves. Thatmay make it difficult for people to go to counseling. Thus online counseling is suitablefor people.
However, there are also some demerits in using online counseling; cost, securing
sufficient personnel, credibility, and publicity. Besides, not looking at each other’s faces
disturbs comfortable counseling for some people. If we use it, patients may not berelaxed and counselors are not able to read patients’ feelings by looking at their faces.

Solution of the problem
Based on my research, I thought of two solutions, how to use advertisements andintroducing video calling services.
First, I will describe how to use advertisements. To let something know,
advertisement can be necessary. Thus I thought advertisements of online counselingshould be published on SNS because the system itself uses SNS. Then I suggest using
LINE because many people use it. According to LINE FOR BUSINESS (2019), morethan 80% of SNS users use LINE. In addition, we can narrow target users by using
demographic data distribution function. Thanks to this, we can carry advertisements
efficiently.
Second, I think we should introduce video calling services. Online counselingservices are known as online chatting services for now. But if we can use video calling,
we will be able to look at the counselor’s face while talking to each other. Also in caseeither patient or counselor doesn’t want to disclose their face, then they can turn off
their camera. So video calling is flexible and suitable for talking online.

３

Conclusion
In conclusion, I propose using online counseling with advertisements on LINE andusing video calling at the same time. That will make talking about problems easier formental patients and it will be a part of the solution of problems about mental patients.

４

References

LINE FOR BUSINESS 「LINE広告とは サービス概要・特徴」（2019）https://www.linebiz.com/jp/column/technique/20191024/

厚⽣労働省障害保健福祉部「精神疾患に関する参考資料」（2017）https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/05-Shingikai-12201000-ShakaiengokyokushougaihokenfukushibuKikakuka/0000108755_12.pdf

厚⽣労働省SNS相談窓⼝「SNSやチャットでの相談を⾏う団体の紹介」（発⾏年不明）
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/mamorouyokokoro/soudan/sns/#yorisoi
千葉県庁健康福祉部障害者福祉推進課精神保健福祉推進班「精神科とカウンセリングの違いについて」（発⾏年不明）
https://www.pref.chiba.lg.jp/kenshidou/faq/363.html

認定特定⾮営利活動法⼈育て上げネット理事⻑ ⼯藤啓「⼾惑うひとこそ『まずは相談』が難しい」（2019）https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/kudokei/20190614-00130168/
翠会ヘルスケアグループ 医療社団法⼈翠会 慈友クリニック
精神科・⼼療内科について（発⾏年不明）
https://www.jiyu.or.jp/

Reform of Dance Classes in Japan
~Teaching Method to Learn From Overseas~
5113 Kaneko Yui

Abstract
This research is focusing on establishing teaching methods in dance classes in Japan.
We experienced dance classes when we were junior high school students. I like to dance,
so I was very happy to participate in dance classes. Then I had a question about why only
teachers coaching is about dance for students. I was very bored when I participated in danceclasses. I thought that I wanted to suggest better ideas. So I researched this topic.
My research question is “How to make dance classes better.” My final goal is to innovate
use tablets often used in Japanese classes and to invite dancers to direct coaching.
Now, Teachers and students are worried about dance classes in Japan. If I suggest a gooddance education method, I think Japanese dance classes will be even better.

1 Discussion and implementationsFirst of all, we will investigate what is actually done in Japanese dance classes and thesystem. Next, I would like to investigate dance classes in overseas, compare them withJapanese dance classes, and proceed with research by incorporating things. I found that canbe used in Japanese dance classes overseas. I made three suggestions last year. The first is
to hold an ICT dance class using an app called "Smart Coach," which SoftBank has been
conducting since 2017. In the Smart Coach, a teacher shoots a dance video of the student,
sends it to a professional coach, and then the coach corrects student’s movements using thecharacter and voice function. The coach then sends it back and the teacher teaches the student
while watching it. By using this Smart Coach, we can know more clearly what part of ourdance is not correct, and since we are using a tablet, there is an advantage that teachers andstudents can actively communicate with each other. In fact, Gifu prefectural Aoyama juniorhigh school used this system.
The second is to encourage teachers to actively participate in JDAC and NSSA, which areheld classes for teachers. It is an institution that provides practical guidance such as how toproceed with dance classes and concrete examples. I think it would be good for teachers toenthusiastically participate in such a studio.
Finally it conducts classes for teachers. It is guidance using a free app (Ugotoru) that does notcost money. This app can flip video, which is useful when reviewing videos you have taken.
There are many situations where you can make use of even with a free app, so it might be agood idea to actively use it. On the other hand, dance classes in overseas are conducted forthe purpose of student’s creatively, self-assertion, As you can see, there are difference indance classes between Japan and overseas. However, I felt that some guidance should begiven as a major premise for Japan’s goal of “improving communication skills with peers.”
So what kind of teaching methods are they actually doing overseas? In Australia, regularphysical education classes are conducted by school teachers, and dance classes are taught
by calling professional dancers.

2 Conclusion
As a suggestion from here, a school will invite dancers for a period of time. For example,
like once a week at an Australian school. Also, actively use tablets. I thought that by doingthis kind of thing, I could have an efficient dance class. However, it costs money to call adancer. I referred to Gifu City Aoyama Junior High School. At Aoyama Junior High School,
they ask local dance circles at Gifu University to teach dance and student’s movement video,
not professional dancers. So if yours a professional dancer and it costs money, it might be agood idea to get the help of a dance circle from a local university. In the future, it will benecessary to consider the cost aspect and what kind of dance lessons should actually be given
to students to receive equal education, so I would like to focus on that.

3 References{1}Htf Dance Academy（2021.3.20）https://kidsdance.jp/column/484/{2}The difference between Japanese dance education and American dance education!-Whatis the current status, effect, purpose, and significance of dance education? "（2021.4.6) http://siri-tai.com/usdanceeducation/{3}SKY SOART ＆ WINGS STONE ＆WINGS（2021.4.6)
http://www.stone-wings.com/sw/blog/blog/156-{4}British Digital Theater Plus has great drama education E-learning （2021.5.6)
http://www.stone-wings.com/sw/blog/blog/{5}Theater education that enhances communication, expressiveness, concentration,and imagination which are common overseas （2021.6.6)
https://kodomo-manabi-labo.net/dramaeducation-kaigai]{6}Remote sports instruction using ICT (2021.8.6)
https://www.softbank.jp/corp/csr/next-generation/education/bukatsu/{7}JDAC(2021.9.6)
https://www.jdac.jp/

Improving English Abilities by Watching Foreign Movies~how can we talk smoothly with foreign people ~5114 Reona Kiuchi
Abstract
I want to live in a foreign country in the future. However, my English ability is not high, so
I have to study more. However, I do not want to study because I hate it. Also, there are more
and more chances to speak to foreigners these days because of the global society. So we needhigh English skills, but I think there are many people who do not want to study English likeme. Actually, there are datas of questionnaires, though many people want to study English,
but they cannot.Then, I suggest the way to study English by using foreign movies with fun.
My research question is “What kind of effect does foreign movies have on your English
ability?” We can improve our own listening skill, vocabulary and sentence conceptions. Then,I started searching for myself. After watching movies, I took notes about my thoughts on myabilities. Compared with myself before watching, I can catch more words and sentences.
Also, I could learn more words and conversations. My future tasks are recognizing this study
method with SNS and developing the way to improve listening and writing abilities.

１

Introduction
I want to live in a foreign country in the future, but my English ability is bad. Even though

I have to study harder, I hate studying English. I think it applies to a lot of people. According
to The Institute for International Business Communication, 70 percent of people study lessthan three hours in a week from a questionnaire. Which is ‘How many hours do you study ina week now?’ However, according to a survey, 60 percent of people actually wanted to study
more than three hours from the questionnaire ‘Actually, how many hours do you want tostudy in a week? What is your ideal study time?’ Therefore, a lot of people wanted to study
more but they did not. I think the reason why they didn’t study is because studying is boring.

So I thought if I would suggest the method of studying with fun, more people would study
more time, then, I thought watching movies is the best way to study with fun. To improve myEnglish abilities with movies will contribute to my future and I can suggest how to study
English to people like me. These days, globalization is progressing, so we will have morechances to speak to foreigners. If our English abilities improve, our width of communication
will spread and we will be able to contribute to the globalizing world.
My method of this study is mainly searching the internet for previous research, andwatching movies with subtitles with myself. The second method, I watched more than twomovies in a week. After that, I wrote a memo about my thoughts on English abilities. I
classified it into four skills.They are Listening ability, writing ability, reading ability andvocabulary. Vocabulary includes daily conversation and slang expressions.

２

Discussion and implications
I considered four abilities. First, about my listening ability, I feel it has improved so much.

I could catch more words and more sentences in the English classes of school and foreign
movies. Also, it contributed to my studying that I can listen to real netive English andaccents.
Second, about writing and reading ability, I cannot feel that I am improving. Finally, about
vocabulary, I could get a ton of them. I could review the words or expressions also, and I
learned more. Particularly, I understand slang, daily conversations, or abbreviations which weare not taught in the school. These are the essential skills when living foreign country.
Therefore, you will be able to improve your listening skill and increase the amount ofvocabulary by watching movies with subtitles.
There are two tasks for my future assignment. First, I should suggest ways of studying
English by using foreign movies for many people who want to study but do not like to study
English like me by using SNS. Second, I have to consider the method of improving writing
and reading abilities by watching movies.

３

Conclusion

I searched “What kind of effect do foreign movies have on your English ability?” Then, I
could find that listening ability, vocabulary and sentence conceptions improve by watchingforeign movies with subtitles.

４ References｢映画を観るだけで英語の勉強に?!映画好きさん必⾒︕《洋画でカンタン英語学習》｣<https://kinarino.jp/cat6/24251>（5.15）｢映画で英語を学ぶには︖洋画を使ったおすすめ英語学習法を徹底紹介︕｣<https://progrit-media.jp/546>（2021.5.18）｢映画で英語を学ぶ︕超シンプルな勉強法【洋画歴６年のぼくが解説】｣<https://ingle729.com/2019/09/03/study-with-movie/>（2021.5.18）｢映画で英語学習︕3ヵ⽉でリスニングや会話⼒を 驚くほど伸ばす⽅法｣<https://www.berlitz-blog.com/movie-english>（2021.5.18）｢映画で英語を学ぶための完全ガイド｣<https://www.fluentu.com/blog/english-jpn/映画で英語を学ぶ/>（2021.5.20）｢英語を勉強するうえで映画は最⾼の教材︕おすすめの勉強法と映画を紹介｣<https://eigomonogatari.com/how-to-study-english-in-movies/>（2021.5.20）｢海外ドラマ⾒るだけで「TOEIC955点」という驚愕の英語学習法｣<https://www.google.co.jp/amp/s/gendai.ismedia.jp/articles/amp/65436>（2021.5.20.）｢僕にもできた︕映画で英会話をマスターする、おすすめ英語勉強法｣<https://eikaiwa-highway.com/movie/>（2021.5.20）「『英語学習の実態と意欲』に関する調査結果
ビジネスパーソンの約7割が英語に対して苦⼿意識あり」<https://www.iibc-global.org/iibc/press/2019/p123.html?media=pc>（2021.7.14）

New Initiatives to Increase Voting Rate
~Internet Voting and Senkyo-wari~
5115 Midori Koyama

Abstract
I often hear that Japan’s voting rate is low. Then, How do we increase the voting rate? In
Japan, the House of Representatives’ voting rate and the House of Councilors’ voting rate
were held in 2016 and 2017. At that time, half of voters participated in those elections. At
first, I was interested in how there are voting systems in Japan. I learned about three ways ofvoting. The names are “Pre-election-day voting”, “Absentee voting”, and “Overseas voting”.
After that, I found “Online voting” in the Republic of Estonia. I want to introduce the way ofvoting. However, actually, “Online voting” has already started to be studied, and it tries tosolve some problems. Also, I searched for another way which could increase the voting rate,and “Senkyo-wari” is the next target. “Senkyo-wari” is a convenient event. We can get
discounts for the prices after we go to vote. Because this project has some problems, I
suggest solutions.
1

Introduction
Voting is a right for us. Recently, the age of participation voting was reduced. By theway, Japanese people often say that “The voting rate is low.” and “Young people do not go tovote.” The voting rates in advanced countries tend to be low, and in developing countries
tend to be high. We sometimes watch TV programs which talk about the voting rate because
they want young people to be interested in voting. If I were in their position, I could
understand their opinion. For example, it is troublesome to go to the hall of voting. Before
talking about this, politicians have no pledges which young people want to do. However, I
thought that Japan’s voting rates have to be higher than now. Then, how can we increase thevoting rate? This is my research question.
When I did research, I used papers on the Internet, and the data from various ministries
and agencies. Also, I used the ministry website and local ones.
2

Discussion and implications

The systems of voting
As basic information, I would like to tell you about the situation in Japan now. According
to the website of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and communications, the voter of 53.68%
participated in the general election for the House of Representatives in 2017. And the voterof 54.70% participated in the general election for the House of Councillors in 2016. Thismeans that about half of all the voters voted.
There are three voting systems in Japan. The names are “Pre-election-day voting”,“Absentee voting”, and “Overseas voting”. “Pre-election-day voting” system allows people
to vote before the election date in the same way as on the date of the election. They can use
this system when they have something to do on the election date. Such as work, travel,leisure, wedding, funeral, etc. “Absentee voting” system is available to those who are staying
in other places during the day of election. For instance, they are registered for work or travel,or those who are in hospital, etc. There are detailed types of this system. Please see thefollowing examples. (1) absentee voting at the election commission, (2) absentee voting at
designated hospitals, (3) absentee voting by mail, (4) absentee voting outside Japan, (5)offshore voting, and (6) voting in Antarctica. “Overseas voting” system is available to those
who live abroad for work or study, etc., to vote in elections while abroad. Also, at least
18-year-old Japanese can participate in elections. However, they have to have registered in
the overseas voter registration and have an overseas voter ID card. There are detailed typesof this system, too. (1) voting at diplomatic missions abroad, (2) voting by email, and (3)voting in Japan for those who are not yet registered in the domestic electoral register.
Estonia
According to the “Internet Voting in Estonia (JEEADIS, 2019)”, Estonia has anunicameral system. The number of voters going to the hall of voting is higher than in Japan.
In the March 2019 national election, 43.8% of voters chose to vote online. 71.4% of those
who voted before the deadline voted online. Furthermore, it seems that Internet voting has
become an essential way for the people.
Online voting

“Online voting” has some merits. According to NEC homepage (2019), such asincreasing voter turnout among young people, reducing the risk of weather and disasters
related to voting, consideration for the elderly and people with disabilities, and speeding up
the vote counting process. If this system is introduced in Japan, the way of voting will be
convenient for us. In fact, Internet voting is now being considered in Japan as well.
However, this system has problems. For example, how we prevent illegal voting and protect
the secret of voting contents. Recently, however, something called the “double envelope
system” is said to be able to solve these disadvantages. I will explain what it is.
According to the KSC Official Blog (2019). First, voting data is “encrypted” with the“public key” of the “digital certificate” issued by the election management organization.
Second, (In the case of Estonia) “Digitally sign” the data with the “digital certificate”
contained in the e-Residency “eID card”. Third, if so, take only the information that canidentify the individual. Finally, decode the encrypted voting data. This method has become
an important element of online voting because it guarantees anonymity with ensuring
security.
Senkyo-wari“Senkyo-wari” is a service which you can get after you vote. Such as discounts at
restaurants, tires discounts, etc. It is managed by the Senkyo-Wari Student Implementation
Committee. According to the Senkyo-wari website (2019), there are over 900 participating
stores and participating stores in more than 40 prefectures. One of the points is raised in the
FEWC paper check. It was that if the number of people who only want to use Senkyo-wari,
would they seriously choose politicians? However, it is up to the voter to decide which party
to vote for, and for what reason. When I saw the “Senkyo-wari” home page, I noticed that
there is no useful map that clearly shows the participating stores. In 2017, they made a map
which shows the participating stores, but it is not convenient.
3

Conclusion
In order to make the most of the benefits of Senkyo-wari, I think we need to think about

creating new maps and increasing the number of participating stores. For example, if wecreated a new map, we could know such stores near the voting place. Also, the map makes it
easier for people to stop by there after they finish voting. Another effective way is toincrease the number of participating stores and it would be to gather people who areinterested in the project. These ways give people an opportunity to explain the benefits ofparticipating in Senkyo-wari. If you participate in the project, you will be able to advertiseyour store. It is because the people who finished voting might be interested in your store andwill actually visit your store. If they show their benefits, the Senkyo-wari may be able toincrease the number of stores that participate. In order to increase the voting rate, it may benecessary to take measures that consider the age group, such as actively approaching storesthat may be of interest to young people.
My future task is to think about what kind of map of participating stores should be madeeasier for users to use and how to increase the number of users. I think it is also necessary toconsider what would be effective in increasing the number of participating stores.
4

References

・総務省HP 「総務省投票制度」 (March 21,2021)〈https://www.soumu.go.jp/senkyo/senkyo_s/naruhodo/naruhodo05.html〉
・JEEADIS (2019) 「エストニアのインターネット投票について」 (August 25, 2021)〈http://www.jeeadis.jp/jeeadis-blog/6345028〉
・国⽴国会図書館 (2019) 「主要国における投票率」 (August 25, 2021)〈https://dl.ndl.go.jp/view/download/digidepo_11335495_po_082205.pdf?contentNo=1〉
・NEC HP (2019) 「ネット投票は実現するのか︕︖従来の選挙を⼀変するオンライ
ン選挙の可能性」 (August 25 , 2021)〈https://wisdom.nec.com/ja/technology/2019032701/index.html〉
・KSC Official Blog (2019) 「ネット投票っていつ出来るようになるの︖」 (October
12, 2021)〈https://www.ksc.co.jp/blog/internet-vote-by-mynumbercard/〉
・センキョ割 (October 12, 2021)〈https://senkyowari.com/〉

・Filip Kostelka & Andre Blais (2020) The Generational and Institutional Sources of the
Global Decline in Voter Turnout (November 16, 2021)〈http://repository.essex.ac.uk/30555/9/Kostelka_Blais_Manuscript.pdf〉
・Izabela Kapsa (2020) Political Trust vs. Turnout in Modern Democracies (November 16,
2021)〈http://czasopisma.marszalek.com.pl/images/pliki/ppsy/49-3/ppsy2020309.pdf〉

Eliminate Mass Disposal of Clothes~Make Fashion Industry More Sustainable~
5116 Ai Sakamoto

Abstract
This study investigated a problem of the fashion industry- mass disposal of clothes. In
order to solve the problem, this study focused on “Fast fashion”. It makes a lot of unsold
clothes because mass production is a prerequisite for it. I was thinking of ways to utilize thesurplus from mass production instead of disposing of it, and I found out about a businesscalled Rename. This business buys surplus clothes from other companies, removes the tags,
and sells them again. It can protect the brand image and prevent the waste of clothes.
However, if consumers do not pay attention to the various problems caused by fashion, they
are unlikely to buy clothes from these brands. Therefore, I propose to organize an integrated
event that combines four parts - Fashion Show, Clothing sale, Clothing Remake Workshop,
and Exhibition. This event can make use of unsold clothes and increase consumer awarenessof the issue.

１

Introduction
One day I heard that a large number of clothes are discarded every year. I thought the

problem should be solved, so I started this study. This study’s purpose is to make solutions inorder to eliminate mass disposal of clothes.
There are some other studies about fast fashion. My research is to come up with a concrete
solution to the current situation and issues revealed by the studies and surveys.
I carried on this study by searching on the Internet, sending out questionnaires to
consumers, and being advised by a consultant.

２

Discussion and implications

According to the Pulse of the Fashion Industry Report 2017, 92 million tons of clothes, orabout 60 percent of all clothes produced globally, were discarded in 2015. Furthermore, only
18% of the discarded clothes were recycled. Even though the production process of clothes
uses a lot of resources, the disposal process also has a negative impact on the environment.
This leads to depletion of resources and deterioration of the global environment.
There are many reasons for the large amount of clothes being discarded, but one of thebiggest reasons is the "fast fashion" trend. According to the READY TO FASHION MAG
editorial team (2020), many fast fashion brands, such as Inditex and H&M Hennes &Mauritz, are SPA (Speciality Store Retailer of Private Label Apparel). Since the appearanceof fast fashion brands in the 1990s, consumers have been able to purchase trendy clothes at
low prices, and it has become an indispensable part of our lives. However, since price andaffordability are the main points of appeal to consumers, mass sales have become aprerequisite, resulting in a large amount of unsold items. Furthermore, according to
Madeleine Cobbing and Yannick Vicaire (2016), while fast fashion is a large-scale,cutting-edge business, its underlying production system is disjointed and generally relies on
manual labor. This system also has a huge impact on the environment.
Due in part to the SDGs adopted at the UN summit in 2015, various efforts are being
made to eliminate mass disposal. However, the effectiveness of these efforts remains unclear
because there is no up-to-date and comprehensive data on how much clothing and usedclothing is being disposed of worldwide.
So I thought of a way to make use of unsold clothes instead of discarding them. First, I
hypothesized that we could sell off the surplus clothes at a reduced price. However, a large
price cut would lead to a decline in brand image. Then, I researched examples of making useof unsold items without losing the brand image, and found out about a business called“Rename”. According to the official Rename online store, the business buys unsold clothes
from different brands, removes the tags, and sells them again without identifying the original
brand. The business started in 2016 and has saved more than about 400,000 pieces of clothes
from disposal. Since the company buys up unsold clothes, it can sell them at a lower pricethan the original. In addition, by not revealing the brand, consumers can have a newpurchasing experience of choosing by the clothes themselves, not the brand. This method canprevent the disposal of clothes while protecting the brand image.
However, if consumers are not concerned about the various issues caused by fashion, they
are unlikely to buy clothes from these brands. Last year, I conducted a survey of 465 peopleusing GoogleForm.(See [Questionnaire survey results] on page 4.) The survey showed that
95% of the respondents had used fast fashion, but only 33% of them knew that fast fashion
was causing environmental problems. From these facts, I thought that in order to makeeffective use of unsold clothes, I would also need to raise consumer awareness.

３

Conclusion
Therefore, I suggest an event that makes use of unsold clothes and increases consumerawareness of the issue. It is an integrated event that includes Fashion Show, Clothing sale,
Clothing Remake Workshop, and Exhibition.
First part is the Fashion Show. Before holding this event, we ask people to coordinate with
unsold clothes. We call for coordinated outfits in the form of a contest not only from stylists
but also from the general public. The coordinated outfits will be shown on stage. This show
can get rid of the negative image of unsold clothes.
Second part is the Clothing Sales. Participants can buy clothes from the fashion show
directly on the spot. And a part of the profits will be donated to charity because the purchaseprice is low.
Third part is the Clothing Remake Workshop. In this Workshop, participants can use
unsold clothes to make their own clothes or bags or etc. For advanced participants, they startfrom the stage of cutting clothes into cloth. They can make items with a high degree oforiginality. For beginners, they just arrange clothes a little. Practical experience will help
raise consumers’ awareness. Learning how hard it is to make clothes leads them to think
about taking good care of the clothes instead of throwing them away immediately.
Fourth part is the Exhibition. In this part, we introduce a lot of information about theenvironmental problems of the fashion industry. This will help raise awareness of the issues

and encourage people to buy clothes from the brands that create eco-friendly products.
For these parts, I think this event can make use of unsold clothes and increase consumerawareness of the issue.
The problem with this research is that this event is still in the planning phase. If this event
is to be actually carried out, it is expected that various problems will arise in terms of cost
and technology. I would like to think about them from now on.

[Questionnaire survey results]
Subjects: 465 people (121 junior high school students, 315 high school students, 26
university or vocational school students, and 3 working adults)
Method of implementation: GoogleForm
Implementation period: October 30, 2020 - November 4, 2020
Text of questions, list of options, results:

４References[1] Global Fashion Agenda & The Boston Consulting Group(2017) / 「Pulse of the Fashion
Industry 2017」<https://www.globalfashionagenda.com/publications-and-policy/pulse-of-the-industry/>(2021/8/31)[2] Madeleine Cobbing、Yannick Vicaire(2016) / 「ファストファッションをもっとス
ローに」<https://www.greenpeace.org/static/planet4-japan-stateless/2020/10/f3bca316-20201028_tff_
jp.pdf> (2021/8/31)[3] Rename official online store / 「リネームとは」<https://www.rename.jp/shop/contents/brand/> (2021/8/31)[4] READY TO FASHION MAG editorial team (2020) / 「SPAとは」<https://www.readytofashion.jp/mag/column/apparel-industry-spa/> (2021/8/31)
５Bibliography[1] Morgan McFall-Johnsen(2019) / 「⼤量の⽔の使⽤、そして85%はゴミに…ファッション業界は環境へ⼤きな影響を与えている」<https://www.businessinsider.jp/post-200862> (2021/8/31)[2] Sayaka Ninomiya(2017) / 「ファッション業界の『裏側』」<http://globalnewsview.org/archives/5622> (2021/8/31)

[3] Irena Zubcevic, Simone Cipriani, Michael Stanley-Jones, Karen Newman, Lilian Liu,
Niclas Svenningsen (2018) / 「Fashion and the SDGs: what role for the UN?」
<https://unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/RCM_Website/RFSD_2018_Side_event_sustainable_fash
ion.pdf> (2021/8/31)[4] Chikako Oheda, Etsuko Sato, Tomoko Takaoka (2013) / 「若者のファストファッション意識に関する調査」<https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jhej/64/10/64_645/_pdf>(2021/8/31)

Food Tech Revolution For the Elderly~Helping Dysphagia Patients By New Technology~
5117 Haru Sakurazawa

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to solve the problem that the elderly people are facing now.
Now, the size of the problem that suffers the elderly people is much bigger than we think. A
lot of people are dying from the disease caused by dysphagia. But the fundamental solution is
not found. Then, a lot of researchers focus on “food tech” to solve this problem. I read a bookabout food technology, and I learned about “food tech” and the current status of the elderly
people’s dysphagia. And I found that “food tech” has a lot of ways to save the elderly people.
Then I noted to use one of the machines that enable the elderly people to eat easily byprocessing food, and collect the money to put the machines to nursing homes or hospitals or
etc. by implementing “crowd funding”.

１

Introduction
In Japan, the birthrate is declining and the population striking is aging. When we look at

picture 1, we will understand the fact. Furthermore,according to picture 2 in 2016, the rate ofelderly people needing help for the number of elderly people is about 20%. So about 1 in 5 ofelderly people is needing helps. But there are a lot of people who find it hard to becompatible between work and nursing.

So the number of elderly people suffering fromdysphagia is increasing year by year. Dysphagia is the condition in which swallowing isdifficult or painful. Meanwhile, the solution by using “food tech” is spreading to help sucheldery people. “Food tech’’ is an abbreviation of the word “food technology”, and it is createdby food and IT. Eldery people who have dysphagia gave up having satisfying meals, and they
think that eating food is merely an action for health.
So we should stop increasing eldery people who has a dysphagia.

２Discussion and implications
Under such a circumstance, we focus on the project, “12 Future Food vision”.

When you glance at picture 3, you can understand what it is. They are twelve items that
express the state of society and individuals that we want to be like this in the future, which
was represented in Smart Kitchen Summit Japan.
Among them, I focus on the no.6, “A society that responds to niche food needs”.
The number of elderly people who have dysphagia is so many, but the number of people who
claim that it is necessary is few. In other words, I think this circumstance is to which no one
pays attention, and the number of people who need to be helped by people will increase more
and more in the future.
It is exactly “A society that responds to niche food needs’’. So I will talk about this problem
along with the no.6.

３

Conclusion
So I propose the use of "DeliSofter" from "GIFMO Co., Ltd." as a medium to deal withdysphagia, which is such a niche food need. But there are few people who know what
“Delisofter” is. Delisofter is a product that can be processed food so soft that you can eat itwithout chewing it while keeping its looks. The picture 4 is representing the comparison of
the softness between before using Delisofter and after. Before using it, it was too hard forelderly people without teeth to bite, but after using it, it was hard enough for them to bite.
So using a delisofter, elderly people without teeth can eat a meal with satisfaction and keep
the dish's appearance.
Then I think that it is effective to put the product in the nursing homes or hospitals or etc.
But putting one product costs ¥47,300.
So I suggest doing crowdfunding. As you know, it is a project that we can collect moneyfrom supporters for our own purposes. By doing it, not only being able to put the products in,
but we can spread understanding of the problem to many people. So we can increase thenumber of supporters.
Now, I have several tasks to do.

First, I should consider women who nurse elderly people. There are many women whobalance work and nursing care.They may be exhausted to do. So it is necessary for us to thinkof a solution that they can live more comfortably with their work and nursing care.
Second, I should search for the newest information of Food Tech, and find better ways tosave elderly people and helpers. The information of Food Tech is always increasing, so weshould pursue it and think of the best solution.
Third, I should explain how to use them. Most elderly people cannot operate computers
properly, so we should explain how to use them easily.
Now, a lot of eldery people have worries.
So each person considers it like our own problems.

４

References*書籍
⽥中・岡⽥・瀬川・外村（2020）「フードテック⾰命」⽇経BP*Web
⽼年医学会（2010）J-stage ⽼年医学会雑誌第47巻5号<https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/geriatrics/47/5/47_5_390/_pdf/-char/ja#:~:text=%E3%80%8C%E5%9A%A5%E4%B8%8B%E5%9B%B0%E9%9B%A3%E3%80%8D%E9%AB%9
8%E9%BD%A2%E8%80%85%E3%81%AE,%E6%9C%9F%E3%83%AA%E3%83%8F%E
3%83%93%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%20%E3%83%B3%E7%97%85%E5%BA%8A%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF>(2020.11.17)（株）LIFULL介護（2021）LIFULL<https://kaigo.homes.co.jp/manual/meal/senior_nursing_food/swallowing/ >(2020.12.03)（株）シグマクシス（2020）PR times <https://www.food-innovation.co/sksj2020/>(2020.11.17)（株）シグマクシス（2008）株式会社シグマクシス<https://www.sigmaxyz.com/>(2020.12.03)
GIFMO（2019）GIFMO DeliSofter <https://gifmo.co.jp/delisofter/>(2020.12.03)（株）CAMPFIRE（2011）Campfire <https://camp-fire.jp/crowdfunding>(2021.03.04)（株）⽣活デザイン研究所（1992）嚥下⾷ドットコム

<https://www.engesyoku.com/kiso/kiso02.html>(2021.03.04)
図表

picture 1『嚥下障害の基礎知識』（株）⽣活デザイン研究所（1992）嚥下⾷ドットコム<https://www.engesyoku.com/kiso/kiso02.html>(2021.03.04)
picture 2 『要介護度別認定者の推移』
内閣府（2017）要介護度別認定者の推移<https://www5.cao.go.jp/keizai-shimon/kaigi/special/reform/wg1/301030/shiryou3-2-2.pdf>(
2022.01.05)
picture 3『Future Food Vision 1.0』（株）シグマクシス（2020）PR times <https://www.food-innovation.co/sksj2020/>(2020.11.17)
picture 4『鶏のから揚げのDelisofter使⽤前後の柔らかさ⽐較』
GIFMO（2019）GIFMO DeliSofter <https://gifmo.co.jp/delisofter/>(2020.12.03)

Let’s be Semi Vegetarian~For Reducing Food Loss in Japan~
5118 Ito Sano
Abstract
Food loss is a one of the serious problems in Japan. According to the data from the Center
for Environmental Science in Saitama, big causes of food loss are vegetables scraps and fruit
peels. I think the reason for this is that it is difficult to use them in our usual cooking. So my
research question is how can we reduce the food loss which is made from vegetables andfruit ? My suggestion is to be semi vegetarian. Semi vegetarianism is people who sometimes
eat vegan food. Vegans are people who eat only botanical food.Vegan is not familiar in Japanbecause the number of vegans in Japan is less than other countries.However, I think more
people in Japan should know about vegan and semi vegetarian. If more people in Japan aresemi vegetarian and eat more vegan food, the food loss in Japan will be reduced.Vegan eat
only botanical food .So, I suggest the recipe which uses a lot of vegetables and fruit. There
are many recipes of food loss,and many of them are suggesting that we use whole vegetables
and fruit.So to try to use them in our usual cooking sometimes red to reduce the food loss.

１

Introduction

Food loss is a one of the serious problems in Japan.According to MAFF ,Ministry ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries , the amount of food loss in the world is 13 billion a year,
and the amount of food loss in japan is about 6000000 ton a year .The amount of food loss
from household rubbish is 2760000 ton a year. In other words, a person in Japan throws 133.6
kilos of grama away in a year. In the article of hagukumu, shogakukan, it is the bottom in the
Asian ranking of food loss per person. I wonder how we can reduce such food loss, and I
will research about them. According to website vegewell [2019], 5.7% of people in Japan arevegan. On the other hand, according to website Frembassy[2019], 29.0% of people in India
are vegan, and 6.0 %of Americans are vegan .

２Discussion and implications
Food loss is a one of the serious problems in Japan.There are some causes of food loss,

such as the food which people can’t eat in the expiry date, te dish they can’t eat because they
are full, and the food they forget.These causes makes such ton of food loss in Japan.
According to the data from the Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, big causes offood loss are vegetables scraps and fruit peels. The other cause of them is vegetables. WhenI am cooking dinner, I strip the skin of vegetables and fruits, and always throw them away,
becauseI can’t use them in my dish.I think the reason for this is that it is difficult to use themin our usual cooking. So my research question is how can we reduce the food loss which ismade from vegetables and fruit ?According to the data from center for environmental sciencein saitama, the cause of vegetables scraps accounts for 14.4%, and the cause of fruits peels
accounts for 14% of food loss in Japan.In addition, not only that of peels and scraps but alsothat of whole vegetables accounts for 8.3% of food loss in Japan. Other causes are fruit peels
which is 14%, fruit craps which is 2.7%, and whole fruits are 0.6%.So total of causes ofvegetables and fruits become 46.3%.

３

Conclusion
My suggestion is to be semi vegetarian. Semi vegetarianism is people who sometimes eatvegan food. First, I will introduce Vegans. Vegans are people who eat only botanical food,such as fruits, vegetables, and beans. They don’t eat animal food, such as meat, fish and daily
products. It may be very hard to have meals, but these days there are some vegan food whichvegan can eat by being cheat, such as fake meat, which are not made from meat. They are
made from beans.They have some reason to become vegan.One of the reason for becomingvegan is for animal. They chelish the living things. Vegan food is not made from animals. So
it led to Animal welfare. Second, they become for the environment. According to the articleof The Guardian[2019], among the measures put forward by the report is the proposal of amajor shift towards vegetarian and vegan diets. Vegan is good for environment because don’t
eat meat and fish.“The consumption of healthy and sustainable diets, such as those based oncoarse grains, pulses and vegetables, and nuts and seeds … presents major opportunities for
reducing greenhouse gas emissions,” the article said. From these data Vegan led to protect

the environment. One more reason is for health. According to NIH research matter[2019],
High saturated fat levels in red meat have long been known to contribute to heart disease, theleading cause of death in the United States.And,The article of physician committee said, A
2017 study funded by the National Cancer Institute that compared the diets of women
diagnosed with breast cancer to those without breast cancer found that those who consumed
the most American, cheddar, and cream cheeses had a 53% higher risk for breast cancer. As
you can know from these informations,becoming vegan is good for our health.There are main
three reasons for becoming vegan. However, vegan is not familiar in Japan because thenumber of vegan in Japan is less than other countries.According to website vegewell [2018],
5.7% of people in Japan are vegan. On the other hand, according to the website
Frembassy[2019], 29.0% of people in India are vegan, and 6.0 %of Americans are vegan . I
think more people in Japan should know about vegan and semi vegetarian.If more people inJapan are semi vegetarian and eat more vegan food, the food loss in japan will be
reduced.Vegan eat only botanical food .So I suggest the recipe which uses a lot of vegetables
and fruit. There are many recipes of food loss,such as the recipe in the cookpad which
Consumer Affairs Agency shows .Many of them are suggesting that we use whole vegetables
and fruit.So referencing it, l think it is easy for Japanese that we sometimes use the recipe forfood loss in our usual cook to be semi vegetarianisms.So to try to use them in our usual
cooking sometimes red to reduce the food loss.

４

References「⾷品ロスの現状を知る」<https://www.maff.go.jp/j/pr/aff/2010/spe1_01.html>（
2021.10.23）「⾷品ロスの世界ランキング」<https://hugkum.sho.jp/252071>（2021.7.6.）「We must change food production to save the world, says leaked report」<https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/aug/03/ipcc-land-use-food-production-key-to-climate-crisis-leaked-report>(2021.10.28)「Health Concerns About Dairy」<https://www.pcrm.org/good-nutrition/nutrition-information/health-concerns-about-dairy>(2021.11.7)「Eating red meat daily triples heart disease-related chemical」<https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/eating-red-meat-daily-triples-heart-d

isease-related-chemical>(2021.11.7) 「2019年の訪⽇外国⼈ベジタリアン〜⼈数と市場規模〜」<https://frembassy.jp/news-post/vegetarianmarket/>(2021.7.8)「⽇本のベジタリ
アン・ビーガン・フレキシタリアン⼈⼝調査 by Vegewel」<https://frembassy.jp/news-posrg/vegetarian-ranking/t/vegetarainstatistics/> (2021.7.8)「消費者庁のキッチン

cookpad」 <https://cookpad.com/kitchen/10421939>(2021.7.8)

Dementia Prevention with Rescued Cat〜Protected cats and the reduction of pre-dementia patients〜
5119 Rio Jinbo
Abstract

In recent years, the number of cats killed has increased, which is caused because of therising popularity of cats and increase in the number of stray cats. Stray dogs have fields ofactivity, for example police dogs, guide dogs for the blind, and rescue dogs. But how aboutstray cats? Have you ever watched on TV police cats or guide cats or rescue cats before now?
I never watched. Therefore, I want to make opportunities to be an active place for cats.
Specifically, I found a cat's special characteristics and leveraged it. As a result, the sound of acat's throat singing is calming the people. I used it for elderly people and their families. Thatis animal therapy. Now, there are fewer children and more elderly in Japan.In particular, with
the increase in the number of elderly people, the number of dementia patients will also
increase. Therefore I want this problem to be solved with stray cats.

１

Introduction
These days, cats are very poplatry. Cats are cute and easier to keep than a dog. Now, while

the number of pet cats is increasing, so is the number of stray cats too. According to the
Ministry of the Environment, it surpassed the dog.But I don't know of any other case of a catbeing sheltered at a public health center and then kept as a pet. So I thought about thepossibility of being active in other scenes, and suddenly remembered that my grandmotherwith dementia was a cat lover.In Japan, as the number of elderly people increases, the numberof dementia patients is also increasing.As the number of dementia patients increases, theburden on caregivers will also increase. I wondered if it would be possible to solve thisproblem with shelter cats. Then, It was proven that the sound of a cat's throat was good forreducing stress and interacting with cats can help prevent dementia. The rumbling sound ofcats has the effect of regulating the autonomic nerves system and hormone balance, andinteracting with cats increases conversation and exercise, leading to the prevention ofdementia.
Currently, therapy cats are beginning to play an active role in the animal therapy at
hospitals. I think elderly people have a hard time going to the hospital, and animal therapy is
not a one-time thing. So I want to propose animal therapy at our home.
The method I came up with was a dispatch-type animal therapy like guide dogs, because
transferring the cats directly to the elderly would increase the burden on the family, or if theowner died first, the cats might revert back to being shelter cats .In addition, funding will beraised through crowdfunding.

２

Discussion and implications
The rumbling sound of cats has the effect of regulating the autonomic nervous system andhormone balance, and interacting with cats increases conversation and exercise, leading to theprevention of dementia.In other words, it is possible to prevent dementia in cats.However, theelderly are less likely to keep pets due to physical problems and public opinion.Therefore, I
would like to propose a cat-only animal therapy service that can be dispatched to yourhome.An example of this is how guide dogs work.They are trained at the facility and sent tothose in need to work for them.I thought that this system would make it easier for the elderly
to receive animal therapy.

３

Conclusion
The purpose of the study was to reduce the burden on society caused by the increasing

number of elderly people as a way for shelter cats to play an active role in society. As aresult, we found out that the rumbling sound of cats can help prevent dementia and stress. In
addition, since having cats directly in the homes of the elderly poses many problems, such as
the sudden death of an elderly person and the health care of the cat, we propose adispatch-type system like guide dogs for the blind.

４

References「⽝・猫の引取及び負傷動物の収容並びに処分の状況」〈https://www.env.go.jp/nature/dobutsu/aigo/2_data/statistics/dog-cat.html〉(10⽉31⽇)「認知症の現状と将来推計」〈
https://www.tr.mufg.jp/shisan/mamori/dementia/02.html#:~:text=65%E6%AD%B3%E4%BB%
A5%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%AE%E9%AB%98%E9%BD%A2,%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E
3%81%A8%E6%8E%A8%E8%A8%88%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6%E3%81%
84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82 〉(10⽉31⽇)「Comparison of stress exhibited by cats examined in a clinic versus a home setting」〈
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159114002755〉(11⽉18⽇)

How To Study Useful English~To Improve English Skills for Japanese People~
5120 Tomoka Takahashi
Abstract
My research is aimed at finding effective ways for Japanese people to learn English thatthey can actually use in our daily lives. The level of English proficiency among Japanesepeople remain low and lags far behind that of other developed countries. There are threepossible reasons for this: 1) the distance between languages, 2) Japanese educational policies,and 3) the environment. I believe that there are three possible reasons for this: (1) changing
the curriculum to one that focuses on output rather than input, so that public schools canprovide the same or better level of English education as private schools, and at the same time,changing to an essay exam. (2) Increase the number of ALTs, and at the same time, improve
the skills of Japanese teachers (3) Eliminate as many barriers to English as possible, and do
not demand too much perfection.
1 Introduction
There are some comments that say “Japanese are not good at using English.” We, Japanesepeople, were supposed to study English in junior high school, high school, and college.
We have equal chances to study English, but most people have the sense that “I am not good
at English.” Why are Japanese people not good at English? These days, more people havebeen coming to Japan and going to foreign countries. Also, there are many companies thatwork with foreign people. Thus,English skills are essential for our lives. In particular, I think
it is important to acquire listening and speaking skills, so I focus on the aspects of listening

and speaking. This is my research about how to enhance listening and speaking skills ofEnglish for Japanese people.
I pay attention to language education around the world. Then I chose three countries withdifferent perspectives. I also searched about blogs written by people who live in anothercountry. Besides, I want to reveal the English level of Japanese and both good and bad pointsof Japanese English education, so I researched it, too.
２

Discussion and implications①Current Situation
First, I will introduce the English level of Japanese people. According to EF English
Proficiency Index 2021 examination, the Japanese English level is regarded as “Low”. To
make matters worse, the rank is becoming lower and lower. This year’s rank is 77th, which is
the lowest that Japan ever got.This survey is taken not by all the people in the country, but by
those who wish to take the test, so it is not possible for each country to get accurate data,but
you may find the level of Japanese is low.
The government, seeing this as a problem, has changed the curriculum for English
education in elementary schools in the 2020 school year. From the upper grades of
elementary school, English was treated as an official subject and grades were given. It isbelieved that this has eliminated the problem of students entering junior high school andsuddenly being required to read and write in English, which has been a problem up until now,and has allowed for a smooth transition to English study in junior high school. Since theprogram started last year, there is not a lot of concrete data available, so I am still
investigating how much the foreign language activities in elementary school helped to
improve English skills.
②Factors

I wondered why the Japanese English skills don’t improve, so I tried to find factors thatprevent development. Then I found three factors.
The first is the issue of interlanguage distance. Interlanguage distance is a diagram thatshows how much a language differs in grammar and pronunciation based on a certain
language. It turns out that English and Japanese are at opposite ends of the spectrum in termsof both grammar and pronunciation.(Fig.1)
There is also the amount of time it takes an English speaker to learn a particular language.
“Easy" languages include Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Dutch, which can be learned inabout 600 hours. In contrast, Japanese, along with Chinese, Korean, and Arabic, areconsidered "hard" languages, and it is said to take 2,200 hours to master them. This showsthat it is very difficult and challenging for Japanese people to learn English.
Secondly, there is the issue of Japan's educational policy. There are good points, of course,
but there are also bad points when I focus on listening and speaking. The good points arethat classes are conducted in Japanese, which makes it easier to understand grammar,
spelling, and vocabulary. However, the bad points are that because the classes are focused on
English for exams, there are few situations where students actually speak English, andbecause there are few opportunities for output, many students find themselves unable tospeak when the time comes to speak.
Third, there is the issue of the environment. Overseas, since many countries are connectedby land, it is easy for people who speak various languages to come in and to have many
opportunities to come in contact with them. In contrast, Japan is an island nation, and there
are few people in Japan who speak languages other than Japanese. This is thought to be acontributing factor to the environment in which people can live in Japan if they speak
Japanese.

③Language Education in Foreign Countries
I extracted countries from three perspectives, researched English education, and looked forthings that could be applied to Japan.
1 Switzerland
Switzerland is a multilingual country, with four official languages: French, German, Italianand Romansh. The languages spoken in the north, south, east, and west of the country differ.
In Switzerland, people from different parts of the country often marry, which inevitablymeans that they are exposed to two different languages. In addition, Switzerland has anational policy that people should be able to use at least two of the four official languages,
and English education starts early, so many people in Switzerland are trilingual.
2 The Netherlands
The official language of the Netherlands is Dutch, and in the EF rankings mentioned
earlier, the country ranked first in the 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2008 surveys. The level ofEnglish that the Dutch government expects its citizens to achieve is that for them to be able
to: i) obtain and read necessary information, ii) ask questions about things they do notunderstand, iii) express themselves, and iv) look up unfamiliar words. The textbook uses
pictures of famous artists to make learning English fun.
3 Korea
The official language of Korea is Korean, and the distance between languages is about thesame as Japan. However, when comparing the average scores of TOEIC and TOEFL, theaverage score of TOEIC is 520 in Japan and 673 in Korea, which is a big difference, and theranking of TOEFL is 27th in Asia in Japan and 11th in Asia in Korea, which is also a big
difference. Although there is a large difference in the number of test takers, the reasons forthis difference may be that English proficiency is mandatory for employment in Korea,

education emphasizes output through presentations and debates, and entrance examinations
are conducted in writing format.
３

Conclusion
After researching the relationship between English and Japanese from various directions,

I have come up with three suggestions.
The first is to change to an education focused on output and emphasize speaking. Since
there are fundamental differences in grammar and pronunciation between English andJapanese, so it is essential to learn them. Then after learning these things, watching movies ordramas in English, making speeches, doing presentation or debate and so on will make people
progress in listening or speaking English. Moreover, changing the way of entrance exams as
essay exams are also effective to improve English skills.
The second is to promote the improvement of the skills of Japanese teachers, at the sametime,teaching by native English speakers and those who have studied abroad. In elementary
schools, where English education has just started, there have been cases of inexperienced
teachers teaching the wrong kind of English, which has become a problem. Therefore, I
thought it was important to hold training and seminars so that even Japanese teachers canteach English correctly. I also thought that getting native English speakers or people whohave studied abroad to come to school would increase the number of situations where we canuse English by experiencing authentic pronunciation and intonation. Currently, the mostcommon answer for elementary schools is that ALTs visit the school at least once a month,followed by a few times a month (Fig. 2). Considering the fact that the level of Japaneseteachers are still not up to par, I thought that visiting the school at least once a week would be
ideal.
Third, we should not expect too much perfection in speaking English. I think there is atendency for Japanese people to demand too much perfection. It is certainly important to havecorrect grammar, but I think it is necessary for Japanese people to face English frankly.
４

References(Fig.1)(Fig.2)「世界最⼤の英語能⼒指数ランキング」https://www.efjapan.co.jp/epi/「英語 発⾳」http://www.ace-schools.co.jp/about_ace.html「【⾔語間距離という概念】英語が⽇本⼈にとって特別難しい⾔語である理由」
https://cebuec.com/linguistis-distance/「⼩学校の外国語教育はどう変わる︖2020年から⼩学⽣が学ぶ「英語」
https://teachforjapan.org/entry/column/2019/11/04/syougakko-gaikokugokyoiku2020/「中学校・⾼等学校における英語教育の在り⽅に関する論点」
https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chousa/shotou/102/shiryo/attach/1349083.htm「⽇本⼈の英語⼒｜アジア最低の理由と根本的な5つの対策はこれだ︕」
https://english-club.jp/blog/japanese-english-ability/

「４つの公⽤語を持つスイス、不便じゃないの︖」
https://www.swissinfo.ch/jpn/society/%E8%AA%AD%E8%80%85%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8
9%E3%81%AE%E8%B3%AA%E5%95%8F%E3%81%AB%E7%AD%94%E3%81%88%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99_%EF%BC%94%E3%81%A4%E3%81%AE%E5%85%AC%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E%E3%82%92%E6%8C%81%E3%81%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A4%
E3%82%B9-%E4%B8%8D%E4%BE%BF%E3%81%98%E3%82%83%E3%81%AA%E3%8
1%84%E3%81%AE-/45192774「スイス⼈が複数⾔語を早期に習得できる理由」
https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/256254?page=2「94％がバイリンガルに︕オランダ⼩学校の英語教育はここがスゴイ」
https://gendai.ismedia.jp/articles/-/54564「⾮英語圏でNo.1︕⾼い英語⼒を誇るオランダの「⼩学校英語教育」事情」
https://azby.fmworld.net/kids/parents/040a/?supfrom=backnumber「英語先進国「韓国」と英語後進国「⽇本」という結果を招いた3つの違い」
https://www.rarejob.com/englishlab/column/20151104/「韓国とは⼤違い…⽇本は「世界最低レベル」、英語教育がマズい」https://gentosha-go.com/articles/-/24251「ALTの来校頻度」
https://berd.benesse.jp/berd/center/open/report/syo_eigo/2006/kyouin2_1_2_4.html#:~:text=
ALT%E3%81%AE%E6%9D%A5%E6%A0%A1%E9%A0%BB%E5%BA%A6%E3%82%92%
E3%80%81%E9%AB%98%E5%AD%A6%E5%B9%B4%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%8
1%91%E3%82%8B%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2,%EF%BC%85%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B%E3%8
0%82「What’s the hardest language to learn?」
http://paassc.com/whats-the-hardest-language-to-learn/「マイクラを⼩学校に導⼊した英語教諭が語る、『教えない教育』が育むもの」
https://www.businessinsider.jp/post-192653「⼩学校の英語必修化でどう変わった︖親が知っておきたい⼩学⽣の英語学習」
https://www.daiwa.jp/sodatte/child/s0293/

Reduction of Disaster Related Death~To Get Securer Safety~
5121 Hiyori Takii
Abstract
A lot of natural disasters happen in Japan.However Japanese evacuation shelters are worse
than any other country which has many disasters. In addition, because of Japanese shelters,
There are many people who died from disaster- related to deaths. Disaster related to deaths
means that people who feel anxiety or stress in evacuation shelters died. This disease is notdirectly caused by natural disasters. I suggested that evacuation drills in communities andschools be reviewed, and that new drills to experience a life in evacuation shelters be
introduced. Actually many people died from disaster related deaths in the Kumamoto
Earthquake and the Great East Japan Earthquake. The main causes of disaster related to deathis fatigue in evacuation shelters. If we can experience evacuation shelter life before a natural
disaster happens, we can evacuate smoothly and reduce anxiety. That is why I made anevacuation shelter life experience program.I want to spread this program and many people
experience evacuation shelters in communities and schools evacuation drills.
１

Introduction
I have been researching disaster-related deaths since last year and have been thinking

about ways to improve evacuation shelter facilities. Last year, I compared evacuation sheltersin Italy, one of the largest disaster countries. I tried to improve evacuation shelters, but it wasdifficult for me. Therefore, this year I decided to do this research in order to improve
evacuation drills instead of improving evacuation shelter facilities. In Japan, where there havebeen many natural disasters in recent years, I believe that a smoother evacuation will be more
important in the future. For this reason, I think this research is very meaningful. As for the
method of my research, I basically search on the Internet and develop my own research sincelast year.

２

Discussion and implications
As a result of thinking about what I could do other than improving evacuation shelter

facilities, I decided to experience living in an evacuation shelter at school or in thecommunity, so I looked up communities and schools that were actually offering shelter life
experiences, and found that only a few communities and schools were doing so. We looked at
the websites of the communities and schools that were actually offering such programs tofind out what they were doing. Most of the communities and schools were doing things suchas cooking out food and how to open evacuation centers. As for evacuation drills, More andmore schools and communities are conducting them every year. However, these evacuation
drills only cover the process of evacuating to a safe place in the disaster. I thought it would be
effective to review the evacuation drills conducted by many schools and local governments
and to promote the experience of living in an evacuation shelter, because it would increase
the number of places where people can experience life in an evacuation shelter. For thisreason, I decided to come up with a program that would make it easier for more communities
and schools to experience life in an evacuation shelter.
３

Conclusion
As a result of our research, I found that many people died from disaster-related deaths inboth the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Kumamoto Earthquake. The main cause ofdisaster-related deaths is fatigue during evacuation, followed by fatigue which is caused bypeople who have to evacuate getting to shelters on foot. From these results, I thought that I
could reduce the number of disaster-related deaths by eliminating fatigue during evacuation.
As a suggestion, I would like to establish a program to experience life in an evacuation
shelter and have schools and local governments provide experiences of life in an evacuation
shelter. I believe that there are manuals for evacuation drills in local governments andschools, but that there are no manuals for experiencing life in an evacuation shelter, so there
are very few opportunities to experience life in an evacuation shelter. However, if there is anevacuation shelter experience program, anyone can easily experience life in an evacuation
shelter, and it is easy for schools and local governments to do so. I also thought that
understanding the structure of evacuation centers in advance would help people evacuatesmoothly, reduce anxiety during the actual evacuation, and eliminate fatigue. The specificcontents of the evacuation center experience program were as follows(1)Check the hazard map to see if the route to the evacuation center is safe.
(2)If it is safe, take the minimum amount of belongings and move to the evacuation shelters(it is appropriate to go on foot because there is limited space to park a car).
If it is not safe, call for help (119).
(3)When you arrive at an evacuation center, write down your name, address, and contact
information. If you are unable to contact your family, leave a note on the bulletin board at theevacuation center to confirm your safety.
(4) Secure your own space, and if you have cardboard, use it to make a simple bed or
partition.
(5) Check the toilets in the shelter (whether there are enough and whether they are sanitary).
If toilet facilities are inadequate, build a simple toilet.
(6) Have a cookout (although it has been several weeks since the disaster, there are still many
victims who are forced to live in evacuation centers, and electricity, water, and gas are stillavailable).
(7) Practice exercises to prevent economy class syndrome.
Economy class syndrome is a condition that occurs when a person remains in the same
posture for a long time in a cramped seat, causing blood flow to slow down and blood clots toform in the blood vessels, resulting in pain and swelling. When the blood clot peels off andgets stuck in the blood vessels of the lungs, it causes symptoms such as chest pain anddifficulty in breathing.
〇 How to make a cardboard bed (for one personMaterials: cardboard boxes, cardboard
board, duct tape)
1. Cut a cardboard box and fold it into a mountain shape to make a base.
2.Insert the cardboard into the base.

〇How to make a simple toilet
Materials: 1 cardboard box, 2 large plastic bags, newspaper, cutter
1.Cut a hole in the cardboard box to make it look like a toilet seat.
2.Set the bags in place and fill with newspaper.
Atension: After using it, remove the air from the bags and tie them up before throwing them
away.
〇Exercise to prevent economy class syndrome
1.Make a "goo" with your toes.
2.Open your toes.
3.Move your feet up and down on your toes.
4.Pull your toes up.
5. Hold your knees with both hands, relax your legs and turn your ankles.
Lightly rub your calves.
I would like to create such a program and expand it to schools and local governments.
Japan is prone to natural disasters and there are concerns about natural disasters in the future.
I thought it was important to know about evacuation centers in order to safely evacuate andlive in a safe shelter in the event of such a natural disaster, which could happen at any time.
However, when a natural disaster actually occurs, it is difficult to make a calm decision due
to panic. Most evacuation drills only cover the evacuation process, and there are few
opportunities to experience life in a shelter afterwards. Japan's evacuation shelter facilities are
not enough shelters. In Italy TKB for toilets, kitchens (for meals), and beds is focused on.
Japan needs the same kind of evacuation shelters as Italy, but it is difficult to achieve.
However, I believe that it is possible to experience living in an evacuation shelter as a part ofevacuation training. There are many disasters in Japan every year, and I hope that the numberof disaster-related deaths will decrease as much as possible.

４

References

Cabinet Office, Government of Japan Disaster-Related Deaths (March 13, 2019)http://www.bousai.go.jp/taisaku/kyuujo/pdf/r01kaigi/siryo8.pdf

Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, White Paper on Disaster Prevention, Fiscal Year 2009,
Appendix 56: Status of Disaster Prevention Drills (May 24, 2017)
http://www.bousai.go.jp/kaigirep/hakusho/h29/honbun/3b_6s_56_00.html

Nagano Gender Equality Center: FY 2014 Cabinet Office Commissioned Project for the
Promotion of Gender Equality in Community Disaster Management (July 15, 2014)
https://www.pref.nagano.lg.jp/aitopia/tosho/documents/2611hinanjopanf.pdf

The newspaper of Kumamoto
https://kumanichi.com/articles/188890

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, To Prevent Economy Class Syndrome (April 19,
2016)https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/newpage_07384.html

Red Cross Service Disaster Cookout Recipe Collection (February 26, 2016)
https://www.jrc.or.jp/volunteer-and-youth/volunteer/chiiki/pdf/200303_006102.pdf

NHK NEWS WEB (April 3, 2012)https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/contents/bousai_tips/cont16.html

Kasuya-gun Tips for Living in Evacuation (June 28, 2020)
https://www.town.umi.lg.jp/uploaded/attachment/6926.pdf

The newspaper of Mainichi(March 10, 2020)
https://mainichi.jp/articles/20200310/k00/00m/040/197000c.amp

The news of Nisinihon (April 23, 2016)
https://www.nishinippon.co.jp/item/n/240685.amp

Reconstruction Agency: Number of deaths from disaster-related causes (June 30, 2021)
https://www.reconstruction.go.jp/topics/main-cat2/sub-cat2-6/20140526131634.html

Support for Children with Developmental Disability~Cooperation by the National Association of Child Care Workers~

5122 Shogyo Cho

Abstract
The kanji for "developmental disability" had changed. This shows that many people areinterested in disabilities. Therefore, my research’s goal is to deepen the understanding ofdevelopmentally disabled children. According to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare's
website, a developmental disability is a characteristic of a child who is born with a brain thatdevelops differently from normal. The three major categories are “autism spectrum disorder”,“learning disabilities”, and “attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder”. Autism spectrum
disorders, which include autism, Asperger's syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder,
are major developmental disabilities that include disorders in interpersonal relationships andcommunication, and biases in interests and behavior. Learning disabilities are only certain
things that are difficult for children, such as reading and writing. Attention
deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) includes symptoms such as behavior and attention
deficits that are not appropriate to their age.
Developmental disabilities cause a lot of troubles. In this study, I tried to find what kindsof troubles they might cause and what is necessary to avoid or solve them. In conclusion, I
found that it is necessary to deepen the understanding of developmentally disabled children
themselves and those around them. For this purpose, I suggest that national nursery schools
support developmentally disabled children.

１

Introduction
The purpose of this study is to deepen the understanding of children with developmental

disabilities. I proposed this study for children with developmental disabilities and those whoare deeply related with them, such as their parents and nursery school teachers. In order toprevent misunderstandings and interpersonal problems caused by a lack of knowledge aboutdevelopmental disabilities.
I did my research in two main ways.
1) I used books and the Internet to deepen my knowledge of developmental disabilities.
2) To learn about public opinion on developmental disabilities, and to think about what I
can do based on the data and make suggestions.

2

Discussion and implications
Developmental disabilities can be classed into three categories, autism spectrum disorder,

learning disabilities, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In addition, it is notuncommon for people with the same disability to have more than one type of developmental
disability at a time. (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare)According to the understanding of the developmental disabilities section of the public
opinion on the physically challenged from Cabinet Office's research , 33.6% of the 1,913
respondents answered that they understand the issue. 59.9% answered that they did notunderstand the issue. This research shows that there are more people who do not have an
understanding of developmental disabilities. Think about what can happen when there is alack of understanding, that can see interpersonal problems can happen. One of the symptoms
of developmental disabilities is language delay. People who have developmental disabilities
do not have language development within their age. This will lead to a lack ofcommunication, children and people around them did not deeply understand this. Others are
not good at acting in groups or are very particular. In such cases, they may cause
misunderstandings.
In recent years, the number of children with developmental disabilities has been
increasing. According to a graph titled "Changes in the Number of Children Receiving
Guidance through Advancement'' in a document compiled by the Ministry of Education,

Culture, Sports, Science and Technology called Gentosha, which I viewed on March 22,
2021, the percentage of children with autism spectrum disorder had increased by about 3.1
times, the percentage of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder had increased
by about 6.3 times, and the percentage of children with learning disabilities had increased byabout 8.0 times over the past 20 years. The number of children with developmental
disabilities is also increasing not only in Japan but also in other countries. For example,
according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the rate of change of thenumber of developmentally disabled children in the U.S. is 1.5 times higher for attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder and 1.5 times higher for hyperactivity disorder. This could be
due to the fact that the number of people who know about developmental disabilities has
increased in recent years, and the number of people who have been diagnosed with
developmental disabilities has also increased, but there is a lack of understanding ofdevelopmental disabilities, so I find that we first need to deepen our understanding ofchildren with developmental disabilities.

3

Conclution
I suggest that the National Association of Child Care Workers get involved with

developmental support centers and medical institutions. The goal is to deepen theunderstanding of developmentally challenged children among childcare workers. The reason
for focusing on nursery school teachers is that there are many parents who do not want torecognize their children as developmentally challenged or who want their children to grow up
naturally (according to the website of parents of developmentally challenged children), so I
think nursery school teachers are one of the person who is most deeply involved with
developmentally challenged children. Childcare workers may have a good understanding ofchildren , but may not have detailed information about children with developmental
disabilities. One of the solutions to this lack of knowledge is for nursery schools to get incontact with specialists in developmental disabilities. It is difficult to collaborate withspecialists every time because it is difficult to contact them. I propose that the experts get
involved with the National Association of Nursery Teachers. The National Association of
Nursery Teachers is a group of nursery teachers and nursery instructors from all over Japan.

The motto is "supporting children's growth, supporting parents' child-rearing, and creating achild and child-rearing friendly society. (Official website of the National Association of Child
Care Workers)
The ideas for getting involved are to hold workshops at developmental support centers andmedical institutions, and to create and distribute materials about developmental disabilities.
This suggestion has many issues. One of the issues is that I have not considered the cost of
creating the materials or the time spent on the workshops. As for time, I think that sharing
information on the official website of the National Association of Child Care Workers willsolve this problem.

4

Referenses

LITALICO Junior (March 22, 2021)://junior.litalico.jp/about/hattatsu/

Cabinet Office (March 22, 2021)
https://survey.gov-online.go.jp/h24/h24-shougai/index.html

Gentosha (March 22, 2021)
https://gentosha-go.com/articles/-/19749

National Association of Childcare Workers (March 22, 2021)
tps://www.z-hoikushikai.com/about/donnna/index.html

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (March 22, 2021)
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/kokoro/know/disease_develop.html

Parental Leave System to Balance Childcare and Work~The New Option of the System to Do Both Work and Childcare~

5123 Fumika Naganuma

Abstract
I searched for a way to create a society where every parent can balance childcare andwork. I want to suggest a system, "Telework × Parental Leave". Unlike conventional systems,
this system lets workers get both a subsidy and a salary. Under this system, you decide yourworking time with your boss. And you get a salary and a subsidy based on your working
time. In Japan, there are two big problems concerning parental leave. First one is the low rateof mail’s acquisition of parental leave. The biggest reason for this is human lack .The second
one is that women feel great anxiety about returning to work after maternity leave. By using
this system, women feel less anxious. Furthermore, workers can work during the leave, so it
will be a solution for human lack.

1. Introduction
In recent years, "gender gap" has been gaining attention. The government and many
companies are making efforts to create workplaces where women can work comfortably.
Many women consider marriage, childbirth, and childcare when they start working. However,in order to create an environment where women can work comfortably, it is necessary to
make parental leave convenient not only for women, but also for men . This is because inmany cases in Japan today, only mothers take parental leave and fathers do not. So the burdenof childcare tends to fall on the mothers. We also need to make it comfortable for single
mothers and single fathers to use parental leave. Therefore, I decided to consider and proposea parental leave system which would allow all parents to balance childcare and work.

In order to create a parental leave system that is convenient for all parents, I considered
what contents of the system are needed for male and females. First, I researched the problems
happening to the father's side and the mother's side. Second, I researched what kind ofsystems that help people to balance work and childcare have already existed and considered
whether there is a problem with them. After researching, I considered what kind of system isthe best to solve those problems.

2. Discussion and implications(1) Current Issues
First, I considered what kind of maternity leave is convenient for men . According to
UNICEF's "Are the world's richest countries family friendly?" (2019), Japan was ranked firstamong OECD countries in the area of "length of maternity leave male can use with benefits”.
However, according to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare's "Basic Employment
Survey"(2020), 82.2% of women take parental leave, but only 6.2% of men do. This figure isvery low among developed countries. There is a huge gap between 89% in Norway or 90%
in Sweden and Japan, even though they were ranked as high as Japan in "length of maternity
leave with benefits for men". The government set a goal to increase the rate of men taking
maternity leave from 2,4% at the time to 13% by 2020 in "numerical targets" (2014). But theactual rate was only 6.2%. According to the Japan Productivity Center's "New Employee Fall
Attitude Survey" (2018), 79.5% of newly hired male answered "yes" to the question "Would
you like to take parental leave when your child is born?". This means that even though 80%
of males in Japan want to take parental leave, only about 5% actually do. From this, I knewthat many men do not take parental leave not because they do not want to take it. Therefore, I
looked at what concerns about parental leaves employees and their bosses who allow them totake it. According to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare's "Status of Male Employees
Taking Childcare Leave and Initiatives to Promote Taking Childcare Leave" (2019), the mostcommon reason why the men who were originally possible to take childcare leave did nottake it was concern about a lack of human resources in the workplace at 27.8%. And
according to the En Group's "Questionnaire Results Report: About Childcare Leave ", themost common concern that companies have is securing human resources instead of
employees who take leave and costs, at 67%. In addition, dispatched workers to replace
employees taking parental leave have become an unpopular occupation because of theuncertain duration of the dispatch and the mental burden of the position as a "replacement foran employee taking parental leave". Therefore, it is essential to solve the human resource
shortage in order to increase the rate of men taking parental leave.
Next, I considered what kind of maternity leave is convenient for women. According to
KIDSLINE's "Housewives' Work Choices and Work Styles", 96% of women who have taken
parental leave are anxious about returning to work. The main reasons are that they would
make their children feel lonely, the burden of transporting their children and dealing with
their sickness, and the worry that they would not have enough energy to do both childcare
and work. Therefore, in order to make it convenient for women, I thought it was necessary to
remove these concerns and allow them to return to work comfortably.

(2) Currently available systems
Next, I searched for the existing systems that allow employees to balance work andchildcare. The two systems that I thought could be useful were telework and half-paid
parental leave. Telework is a way of working that some people are currently using in place ofparental leave. Working from home has the advantage that they are able to respond to theirchildren’s emergencies. But it is treated as a job,so you only get a salary for the work you do
and no benefits for parental leave is given. Semi-parental leave is a system that allows
employees to work up to 80 hours per month while taking parental leave. Under this system,
employees can receive benefits, and salary for those working hours. There are some people
who telework as part of their semi-paid leave, but it is only "unavoidably permitted whenabsolutely necessary". And because their working hours and salary are limited, it is notpossible to balance work and childcare. In other words, in today's Japan, there are only two
choices: "work" or "take a leave", and there is no system that offers the option of balancing
both.

3. Conclusion
Through these considerations, I propose that a system named "Telework×Parental Leave"
be introduced in Japanese society. While semi-paid maternity leave is a supplementary
system that can be used only when absolutely necessary and is not a formal system, I proposethat "Telework×Parental Leave" be a formal system. This system is a new option to"continue working while taking a break". The main difference between this system and theconventional telework and semi-parental leave is that it allows people to continue to work
while taking time off as a formal system, with no limit on salary or working hours. Under thissystem, the users decide the working hours and work contents in consultation with thecompany, based on the premise of balancing telework and childcare. Then, they will receive
both a discounted salary and benefits according to their working hours and work contents.
This is expected to reduce the financial burden of balancing work and childcare. If men use
this system, it is expected to improve the shortage of human resources caused by complete
leave for childcare. Furthermore, by adding not only men but also women who havecompleted the maternity leave to the target of this system, it can be a step before returning towork completely from leave, and reduce their anxiety about returning to work. Since
telework is not available in all industries, this system will not be mandatory for allcompanies, but will be only introduced in companies that wish to do so. Companies that haveintroduced this system will be able to appeal that employees in their companies can use"Telework×Parental Leave'' to job seekers. By this appearance, not only the companies will
be able to improve their image and get more job applicants, but also job seekers can find thecompany where they are able to work as they want. So this system will benefit both workers
and employers.
Although this system is limited to industries where telework is possible, I hope that it
would be a start to make it a norm for both men and women to participate in childcare andbalance work and childcare. In this age of diversified work styles, I would like to make themost of the style to realize a society where all parents can balance work and childcare.

4. References

・「UNICEF: Are the world’s richest countries family friendly?」
https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/Family-Friendly-Policies-Research_UNICEF_%202019.pdf. (2021.06.21)
・「The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare: Basic Employment Survey (2020)」
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/list/dl/71-r01/06.pdf. (2020.07.20)
・「Cabinet Office: Numerical Targets (2014)」
http://wwwa.cao.go.jp/wlb/government/20barrier_html/20html/pdf/besshi01.pdf.
(2020.07.20)
・「The Japan Productivity Center: New Employee Fall Attitude Survey (2018)」
https://www.jpc-net.jp/research/assets/pdf/R41attached.pdf. (2020.08.08)
・「The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare: Status of Male Employees Taking Childcare
Leave and Initiatives to Promote Taking Childcare Leave(2019)」
https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/meeting/consortium/04/pdf/houkoku-2.pdf.
(2020.08.08)
・「En Group: Questionnaire Results Report: About Childcare Leave 」
https://partners.en-japan.com/enquetereport/old/131/. (2020.08.08)
・「KIDSLINE: Housewives' Work Choices and Work Styles」
https://kidsline.me/shufu/contents/382. (2020.08.08)

To Realize a Gender-Equal Society~Reform of the Maternity Leave System~
5124 Fukazawa Haruno
Abstract
Gender equality is an important issue that is being promoted by the entire international
community, including SDGs. However, as the Gender Gap Index shows, gender equality inJapan is far from being advanced. For this reason, I thought that one way to realize genderequality would be to improve the figures in the economic field, where the gender gap index is
low in Japan. Specifically, the causes of the low gender gap index are income disparity andlow labor force participation rate. Moreover,the root of this problem is thought to be "career
resetting due to pregnancy and childbirth. For this reason, l decided to improve the parental
leave system as my research theme.l compared the duration of parental leave and the ratio ofchildcare benefits in Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, which have low gender gap indexes andare considered to have already achieved gender equality.

１

Introduction
In the future, I would like to work as a "career woman" ,and be as good as malecounterparts. On the other hand, I would like to have a family through childbirth andchildcare. Is this a reckless wish? Perhaps in Scandinavian countries, it would be achievable,
but in Japan, unfortunately, it would be reckless. This is because there is a strong belief thatwomen should stay at home and that housework and childcare are women's work. Thus thenumber of men who cooperate with women in the field of childcare is low.
There is a gender gap index in the world, which is based on four areas: economics,
politics, education, and health, with 1 representing complete equality and 0 representing
complete inequality. Japan's score is 0.652, which means that it cannot think of agender-equal country. In contrast, Iceland, which has the highest score, has a score of 0.877.

It is very high compared to Japan.These figures are based on four areas. Moreover the fourareas are divided into a number of criteria. I used the figures for each criterion, and I foundout that the reasons are "wage disparity," "labor force participation," and "income”.
Therefore, I thought that if I could discover the causes of these problems and solve them, we
could get a little closer to gender equality.
I hypothesize that the cause of these problems are in the field of "childbirth" and"childcare". The reason for the decline in the women labor force participation rate in the 30s
is the difficulty in balancing work with marriage and child rearing(Figure1). According to asurvey conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) on women withpreschool children in 2008, about 30% of them left their jobs because of "marriage" and"pregnancy of the first child" respectively. And the reason 26.1% said that they "wanted tocontinue working, but quit due to the difficulty of balancing work and childcare”. The same
survey shows that about 40% of women were forced to leave their jobs involuntarily before
or after pregnancy or childbirth. Hence I thought that the large inequality in childcare
between men and women may be the cause of decline in the labor force participation rate of
women in their 30s.
In order to find issues, I compared the duration of childcare leave and the ratio of childcare
benefits in Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.I found the shortcomings of Japan's childcare leavesystem.

２

Discussion and implications(i) Rate and causes of men taking parental leave
It clearly shows that the percentage of men who take parental leave is low compared to thethree countries(Figure2). However, according to a survey conducted by the Cabinet Office in
2021, 39.4% of 640 married men in their 20s and 30s intended to take parental leave.
Furthermore, according to the survey, "'Don't want to bother the workplace' was the mostcommon answer at 37.2%. This was followed by "The workplace does not approve of men
taking maternity leave" (32.9%), indicating that workplace understanding of men's maternity
leave continues to be a barrier. A large number of respondents (29.2%) also said that theirincome would decrease. This suggests that the problem is not only with the parental leavesystem itself, but also with the lack of understanding and stereotypes.

(ii) Available leave period
Figure3 is a ranking which shows the quality of paternal leave by judging frommaternity/childcare leave and the ratio of the benefit amount compared to their wage .
Looking at this ranking, it appears that the paid parental leave period for women is inferior tothat of other countries. However, it is not outstandingly low; in fact, it is longer than in
Sweden and Iceland. Additionally, the period of paid parental leave available to men is thelongest in the world.

(iii) Parental leave benefits
Japan: 67% of salary (first 6 months for each individual)
50% (portion beyond 6 months) Both exclude bonuses
Norway: 80% of pre-birth salary for up to 54 weeks, 100% for up to 44 weeks
Sweden: About 80% of income is paid as parents' benefits. However, the maximum amountper day is 967 SEK (about 12,000 yen).
If the duration of employment (consecutive) prior to the birth is less than 240 days,
or if the annual income prior to the birth is less than 117590 SEK (approx. 1.5
million yen), a flat daily amount of 250 SEK (approx. 3,000 yen) will be paid. Note1
Iceland: 80% of the salary before the leave (6 months for both men and women)

Looking at it this way, it seems that the ratio of childcare leave benefits to salary in Japan islow. Also, the fact that the percentage drops depending on the period of time seems to be a bitof a problem.

From (i) to (iii), the following issues come to mind.
(1) The rate of men taking parental leave is low.
(2) Low childcare benefits.

Proposals for solving these problems are as follows.

３

Conclusion
To eliminate the disparities in the field of working and career building career, I suggest

the introduction of the Papa Quota System.
According to the Japan Women's Learning Foundation, the Papa Quota System is "asystem that assigns fathers to take a certain amount of parental leave" and "guarantees 42
weeks of parental leave with 100% income compensation. In Norway, where this system has
been introduced, the percentage of men taking parental leave has increased from 5% to about
80%.If this system is introduced, high wage guarantees can be expected. Another feature ofthis system is that "men are required to take a minimum of four weeks of vacation. If a man
does not take a leave, the leave will be deducted. It is also possible for men to take morevacation than women. The system does not allow women to take all 42 weeks off, so if men
do not take leave, their parental leave period will be reduced. This would increase thebenefits of men taking parental leave, and improve the rate of men taking parental leave.

FiguresFigure1

The rate of women labor force participation

Figure 2 Percentage of male employees who take parental leave
Created based upon date from https://akeruto.com/feature/ways-of-working-in-the-world8/

Figure3

The duration of maternity and paternity leave4 Reference「情報物知り帖」〈https://www.kyoeikasai.co.jp/kpa/agent/monosiri2008-21.htm〉（
2021年8⽉5⽇）「資料シリーズNo.186『ヨーロッパの育児・介護休業制度』」〈https://www.jil.go.jp/institute/siryo/2017/documents/186_01.pdf〉（2021年8⽉21⽇）「nipon.com」〈https://www.nippon.com/ja/japan-data/h00500/〉（2021年8⽉26⽇）「男⼥共同参画局」〈
https://www.gender.go.jp/about_danjo/whitepaper/h25/zentai/html/honpen/b1_s00_02.html〉（2021年8⽉14⽇）「aketuto北欧とフランスの「⼥性活躍」事情─欧州に学ぶ、⼦育てとキャリア」〈https://akeruto.com/feature/ways-of-working-in-the-world8/〉（2021年8⽉21⽇）「JIJI.COM 男⼥平等「世界⼀」の秘訣は 両親育休やクオータ制―アイスランド⼤使に聞く」〈https://www.jiji.com/jc/article?k=2021030800150&g=int〉（2021年8⽉23⽇）「⽇本経済新聞

男性育休「取得せず」4割、職場理解が壁に 内閣府調査」〈https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUA0439I0U1A600C2000000/〉（2021年8⽉23⽇）

Hand Sign Language as a Language~Sign Language by way of optional subject~
5125 Kano Honda

Abstract
I thought that the reason why there is a shortage of social service is because there is little
awareness that sign language is a language. So, in order to raise the degree of recognition ofhand sign language as a language and improve social services, I came up with an idea ofincluding it as an elective subject in high school. In addition, since the conclusion of last
year's research theme, "To increase awareness of sign language," was to include it in elective
courses, I researched this usefulness in my research this year. The research was divided into
two main points: 1) whether it can be treated as an optional subject in and 2) whether social
services can be improved by increasing its recognition as a language. Regarding point 1,
according to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), I
have come to the conclusion that it may be difficult to train sensitivity, which is one of the
purposes of the current elective courses. As for point 2, I concluded that it may be possible tolook at the current situation in other countries. So, the research was conducted to see if itwould be possible to improve social services by incorporating sign language into school
education in order to increase its recognition as a language.

１

Introduction
The reason for setting the theme was I learned that people with disabilities feelinconvenienced in places where we normal people do not feel inconvenienced in our daily
lives. I thought that we should respond to this. Also, last year I did research on "To have signlanguage recognized as a language", and at that time I learned that sign language is alreadyrecognized as a language, and I thought that even though it is recognized, social services may
not be fulfilling. As the cause of this, I thought that the problem might be the fact that inJapan sign language has a strong impression of welfare rather than language, as written in"Culture as Minority" by Musashi University. In fact, English, Korean, Chinese, and otherforeign languages are written on menus, people try to speak the language of the country, andso on. However, for the deaf, I thought that there are still some things that need to be taken
into consideration, such as the introduction of a charge for plastic bags and emergency bells
on elevators, which went into effect on July 7.
The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of increasing the awareness ofsign language as a language by improving social services.
In addition, we will conduct a detailed study on how the class can be taken and how it will betaken when it is realized.

２

Discussion and implications
As for the method of the research, a proposal was set at the first. This time, I thought

about the conclusion of last year's research, "To raise awareness of sign language," which was"to include it in elective courses in higher education," and what it would take to make it areality.
This year, I researched from two perspectives: 1) whether it can be treated as an optional
subject and 2) whether social services can be improved by increasing its recognition as alanguage. For the first, I researched the current purpose of elective courses from the MEXT,
and cited the similarities in all of them.
As for point 2, since it was difficult to estimation in only Japan, I thought that sincepeople of various nationalities, races, and religions coexist in the U.S., which is described in
Mr. XX's research paper as "a country whose national identity is to accept various cultures,"the social services for minorities are relatively better than in Japan. In the United States,
people from different countries, races, and religions coexist, so I thought that social services
are relatively better for minorities than in Japan.

Also, according to a study by Tsukuba University of Technology titled "The Significanceof Japanese Sign Language Education in the U.S. Universities," the number of students in2009 was 1602, but due to the sign language movement, the number became 91763 in 2010,an average of 11-18 students per semester.
This led me to believe that in the U.S., there is a strong recognition of the language
because they learned in school as a language, such as the increasing number of students
taking it in school education. So I decided to look into social services for the deaf in the U.S.
and find something and it could be used in Japan.

３Conclusion
As a result of my research, I have come to the conclusion that the first point may bedifficult. The reason for this is that it may not be applicable to the clause of training
sensitivity. One of the common objectives of arts, calligraphy, crafts, and fine arts, which are
currently included as elective subjects in higher education schools, is to train sensitivity andto experience culture. In terms of culture, there are many things that can be learned, such as
the campaign to spread sign language in Japan and the path to recognition as an official
language overseas.
However, when it comes to the sensibility aspect, since sign language is a language thathas already been created, it does not require individual originality, and it may be difficult toincorporate it.
However, it can dispel the awareness and stereotypes of we normal people, who take it for
granted that we can hear sounds, listen to music, hear the sounds of daily life, and talk with
our friends in our voices. This is a new perspective in education, and I think it is appropriate
to include it as an elective course. In addition, learning about other languages such as English
allows us to learn about other cultures, but since education is based on the assumption thatthese people can speak, I thought that there would be something else to be gained fromlearning other languages.
As for point 2, I came to the conclusion that it is possible. As a result, the U.SSignlanguage is recognized because they learn as a language, has well-developed social services,such as subtitle rate, relay operation service, and social security. In particular, Japan is the
only country in the G7 that has not adopted the relay operation service. The reason for this is
the lack of maintenance and the need to verify the identity of the user when stopping a credit
card. Therefore, I thought that if the degree of recognition of sign language as a language isspread, the maintenance would be promoted.
I didn’t show it above, but New Zealand is also famous as a country where sign language
is an official language. In New Zealand, as it became an official language, there was anincrease in interest and educational guidelines were created and promulgated. There is also acase where the use of sign language in court was considered rude and did not allow for a fairtrial, but this has been improved.
And specific suggestions for incorporation include I;Teaching according to English
guidelines II.;Teach it according to English guidelines. I propose the two points.
MEXT clearly written that the first significance of current English education is to "deepen
understanding of language and culture” From this, I thought that if I took the methods that are
currently being used in accordance with this significance, I would be able to achieve the"understanding of language," which is the purpose of my research.
Another thing about setting up a subject is "sign language". After all, even if it issomething that is studied at school, I think that many of them are strongly welfare oriented
such as general studies, and this makes it difficult for other students who did not choose it to
get the impression that sign language is a language. Therefore, to make it easier for everyone
to recognize it in school and understand that it is a language, it can be emphasized as a sign
language "language" . I thought it would be a good idea to make the topic known to people ofdifferent ages.
In the future, I would like to ask students in the U.S. about the number of students whotake the elective courses, and consider the needs of Japanese students.

４

References"The Significance of Japanese Sign Language Education in U.S. Universities."
Tukuba Thechnology University Kobayashi Youko Yutaka Osugi
California State University, Northridge

"Culture as Minority"
Musashi University"Report on Future Measures to Improve and Enhance English Education: Five Proposals for English
Education Reform in Response to Globalization"“Curriculum Subcommittee Special Committee for Educational Planning”
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology

Safe and Delicious Foods for Allergic Patients~Develop and Provide Allergen-Free Foods for Food-Allergy Patients ~5127 Mana Matsumoto

Abstract
This research investigates how food allergic patients are able to eat meals with a smile .
My research's final purpose is that I want to provide safe and delicious foods for people withfood allergies.The reason why I decided to research this theme is that I have many kinds ofallergies, so I was not able to eat something with satisfaction. Then I thought surely there aresome people who have the same feeling as me. As a part of the study, I made some cakes likechocolate, but they have some problems.One of the problems is that the cakes are not able tobe eaten by people with allergies other than dairy allergies , including my cake. Also thesecond problem is I have no place to serve them. Therefore, now I need to think about the
future direction of my research and find a place to devise new foods and actively provide
them.

1 Introduction
My research question is “ How to provide safe and delicious food for food allergies
patients”. I am also one of the patients who has some kinds of allergies, so I want to makesomeone smile while they are eating.
First, about the current situation, According to FARE, the population of food allergies, “85Million Americans are impacted by food allergies and intolerances, including 32 million who
have a potentially life-threatening condition.”〔Food Allergy Research & Education 2021〕
Also according to U.S. FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION, symptoms of food allergies
typically appear from within a few minutes to a few hours after a person has eaten the food towhich he or she is allergic. A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction is called
anaphylaxis.Symptoms of allergic reactions can include: Hives, Flushed skin or rash,

Tingling or itchy sensation in the mouth, Face, tongue, or lip swelling, Difficulty breathing,
Loss of consciousness and so on. People with a known food allergy who begin experiencing
any of these symptoms should stop eating the food immediately, and evaluate the need to use
emergency medication (such as epinephrine) and seek medical attention. Some of these
symptoms are not always due to a food allergen. In short, if the symptoms or reaction
experienced was due to a food allergen, it is important to take proper care and diagnosis froma healthcare provider to determine.
As you can see from this, there are lots of people who are in agony because they cannot
eat enough food all over the world. Thereby I started this research. I came up with the idea ofmaking some allergen-free foods. Now, however, there are many allergen-free foods in theworld. So if I make some allergen-free foods, there is no need and I have to make newthinking.

2 Discussion and Implications
Nipponham Foundation proposed that Eggs, milk and wheat account for a large
percentage of allergenic foods. Other allergenic foods include seafood and fruits, such as
mackerel or bananas and kiwifruit, soybeans, peanuts, and buckwheat. These allergenic foods
vary with age.〔Nipponham Foundation〕[https://www.miraizaidan.or.jp/allergy/images/img_07_v01.gif ]〔Food Allergy Treatment
Guidelines 2016 (revised 2018）〕

I think it is necessary for people with food allergies to provide safe food like allergen-free
food. By the way, there are many kinds of allergen-free foods in the world, so there is no
demand to provide only normally allergen-free foods. Then I have to create new creative
allergen-free foods. Unfortunately, I still haven't come up with a breakthrough idea. I hopethat it will become a better world for someone having allergies. For this reason, I wanteveryone to know about allergic patients and help them. Also I hope that some foodcompanies will make a lot of kinds of food that all allergic patients could eat.

3 Conclusion
As a result of my research, I was able to devise an allergen-free food product. It is adairy-free chocolate cake. The cream and milk in the chocolate mousse and sponge were
substituted with cream and milk made from dairy-free soy milk, respectively. Since I did notexperience any discomfort in the taste, I believe that there is no problem regarding the qualityof the taste if it is commercialized. However, there is an issue that this cake that I invented isonly suitable for patients who are allergic to dairy products. Solving this problem at once
would be difficult for me now. Therefore, I would like to create foods that are compatible
with the major items of allergy, and eventually combine all of them to devise allergen-free
foods that are compatible with the most common ingredients of allergy patients.
In addition, since there are certain foods that tend to cause allergies in all age groups, wewould like to think of those foods as the main ingredients. And consider whether we cansubstitute them in dishes that require those ingredients without using them, and actually makeprototypes. Once I can make a dish without using one food, I would like to gradually increase
the number of allergy-free dishes to two, three, and four. In addition to this, we would like todevelop allergen-free foods that use vegetables instead of fruits. We would like to propose
these products so that people with food allergies can eat them with peace of mind. At thesame time, we would like to achieve a quality that people without food allergies can enjoy.To
the end, I keep researching until a satisfactory conclusion is reached.

4 References[1] Allergy Facts AAFA.org

https://www.aafa.org/allergy-facts/[2] Nipponham Foundation
https://www.miraizaidan.or.jp/allergy/cause.html[3] U.S. FOOD & DRUG ADMINISTRATION
https://www.fda.gov/food/food-labeling-nutrition/food-allergies

5 Bibliography[1] AJINOMOTO
https://www.ajinomoto.co.jp/products/anzen/know/f_allergy_01.html[2] Nipponham
https://www.food-allergy.jp/info/label_1/

Spread Japanese Rice Disinfectant to the World~Proposal of Processed Products in COVID-19 Pandemic~
5128

Asumi Yanagisawa

Abstract
The consumption of Japanese rice is decreasing every year in Japan. Due to this, rice
farmers' problems are occurring in Japan. To solve this problem, I thought it would be
effective to export Japanese rice to the world, but I knew that the Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries had already started a project whose contents were the same as myproposal. Also, I knew that the number of farmers who are switching from edible rice to feed
rice is increasing. For these reasons, I thought it is not effective if I propose the extension ofJapanese rice to the world. So this time, I turned my eyes to rice disinfectants. This is madefrom sake lees, so our skin will be moisturized. Also, some of them can drink, so we can use
them safely. I hope exporting this disinfectant will increase the number of rice consumption.
１

Introduction

The consumption of rice in Japan has been decreasing year by year. In fact, according to
the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries' Food Supply and Demand Table (2020)
and Related Data on Rice (2017), rice consumption in Japan per capita was 118 kg in 1962.
However, it was 56 kg in 2020, a decrease of about 62 kg in 58 year.
The reasons for this are the westernization of food, diversification of products, and changes
in consumer preferences. According to NTT com Research, this decrease in rice consumption
has led to a decline in rice prices, which in turn has led to a decrease in income and losses forrice farmers. On the other hand, since Japanese food was registered as a UNESCO Intangible
Cultural Heritage in 2013, there has been a Japanese food boom around the world. Therefore,
the popularity of Japanese food is increasing. In fact, according to the Ministry ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries' "Number of Japanese Restaurants Overseas (2019)," thenumber of Japanese restaurants overseas tripled in the six years between 2013 and 2019.
Based on these facts, I thought that increasing the awareness of rice products, andexpanding its consumption both in Japan and abroad would be an effective way to solve theproblems faced by Japanese rice farmers. Also, Japanese food is booming all over the world,
so I think exporting Japanese rice to foreign countries will help increase consumption andsolve the problems which rice farmers are facing.
Therefore, I decided to set the theme as "Spread Japanese Rice Disinfectant to the World"
and think about what concrete measures I can take to solve the problems rice farmers arefacing.
As a method, I mainly used the internet. The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries had some data on rice in Japan on their website, so I focused on those for myresearch.
２

Discussion and implications
As I mentioned in my objective, I thought that exporting more Japanese rice processed

products to foreign countries is an effective way to solve the problem of rice farmers inJapan. I would like to explain why I decided to export processed rice products instead of rice.
First, according to Nippon.com, Japanese rice varieties such as Akitakomachi are now
being grown in the U.S. and China, and they are much cheaper, at one-fifth to one-tenth theprice of those grown in Japan. For this reason, many Japanese restaurants overseas use
Japanese rice that was made in America or China instead of Japanese ones. People who canafford to buy Japanese rice are only those with high income.
Second, according to Nippon.com, more and more farmers in Japan are shifting fromedible rice to feed rice. Many farmers are actively growing feed rice because they can get
stable subsidies from the government. In addition, it does not require aesthetics like edible
rice.
Third, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries had already been working on a
project called the "Rice Overseas Market Expansion Strategy Project." (Syngenta Japan,2018). Also, According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries "New Policies
for the 'Strategic Project for Expanding Rice Overseas Markets'" (2021), since the launch of
the Strategic Project for Expanding Rice Overseas Markets in 2017, the volume of rice
exports has increased significantly. In fact, the volume and value of rice exports doubled in
the four years from 2016 to 2020.
For these reasons, I turned my attention not to rice, but to processed rice products.
Processed products are not rice crackers, arare, or other sweets, but rather alcohol disinfectant
made from Japanese rice.
According to the Asahi Shimbun (2020), Kamikame Brewery in Saitama prefecture had
made alcohol disinfectants from sake lees and donated them to the local Hasuda city to help
prevent corona infection. It would be good if this disinfectant spread not only in Japan but
also throughout the world, ultimately leading to increased consumption of rice in Japan.
The challenge was that I did not know how effective the rice disinfectant was. Therefore,
I experimented with bread to see if there is any difference in the effectiveness of thedisinfectant we usually use and the rice. The results showed that the alcohol disinfectants
made from rice were just as effective as the disinfectant we usually use. The data showsdetails. Please see it.

Data
Experimental period: February 27th to March 13th, 2021

Materials:
・Alcohol disinfectant (75% alcohol by volume) that I usually use. (hereinafter referred to as"A")・Alcohol disinfectant made from rice (Asahi Shuzo "Dassai") (72% alcohol by volume).
(hereinafter referred to as "B")
Alcohol disinfectant that I normally use...A

Alcohol disinfectant made from rice...B・3 slices of bread for sandwiches
・3 plastic bags with zippers
・Thermometer
・Hygrometer
I wanted to keep the alcohol content the same, but I couldn't find a commercial
disinfectant with 72% alcohol content, so I compared it to COSIMON (75%), which has theclosest alcohol content to 72%.

Procedure:
1.Three slices of bread were prepared, one soaked in A (15 ml), one soaked in B (15 ml), andone left unsoaked (this is called as C), and each was placed in a zippered plastic bag.
In order to prevent hand bacteria from getting into the bread, I wore rubber gloves.
2.These were placed in a room with a temperature of 26 degrees Celsius and humidity of
about 40%, and the growth of mold was observed and recorded once a day at the same time.

Results:
March 6thA

B

C

March 13thA

B

C

A, B, and C were all unchanged until March 5.
On March 6, A and B were unchanged, but C had a little mold on the upper right side.
On March 13, A and B were also unchanged, but C had mold growth.
~3/5（Day7）

3/6（Day8）

3/13（Day15）

A

〇

〇

〇

B

〇

〇

〇

C

〇

△

✕

〇No change△A little mold has grown✕A lot of mold has grown
On the other hand, rice disinfectants are more expensive than regular disinfectants. The
rice disinfectant I used in the experiment, Dassai, costs 2.2 yen per ml, while the regulardisinfectant I used in the experiment, COSHIMON, costs about 1.5 yen per ml. If the effects
were the same, everyone would buy the regular disinfectant. Therefore, it is necessary toconvey the unique appeal of rice disinfectants.
In fact, when I used the rice disinfectant, my skin was more moisturized than usual.
According to the website of Bishonen, a sake brewery in Kikuchi City, Kumamoto prefecture,sake lees have not only moisturizing effects, but also various cosmetic effects such as
whitening, improving dullness, and inhibiting skin aging. Also, the rice disinfectant I
used in this experiment was not drinkable, but some other rice disinfectants can drink, soeven if a small child accidentally swallows it, it is unlikely to be harmful to their body
３

Conclusion
As you can see, rice disinfectant has many attractions. However, one issue is that it is a bit

expensive. If this point can be solved, it will be used by more people, not only in Japan but
also all over the world. In the future, I would like to focus my research on how to solve thisproblem.
I hope that alcohol disinfectants made from rice can be spread around the world to help
rice farmers in Japan.
４

References[1]Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2020). Food Supply and Demand Table.

https://www.maff.go.jp/j/tokei/kouhyou/zyukyu/[2]Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2017). Related documents on rice.
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/council/seisaku/syokuryo/171130/attach/pdf/index-6.pdf[3]Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2019). Number of Japanese restaurants
overseas.
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/press/shokusan/service/attach/pdf/191213-1.pdf[4]NTT Research Com (2009). Rice Crisis.
https://research.nttcoms.com/database/data/000957/[5]nippon.com (2018). Why rice exports are not growing.
https://www.nippon.com/ja/features/h00262/[6]Syngenta Japan (2018). "Join us for the greatest export opportunity!" The Ministry ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) speaks passionately about the "Rice Overseas
Market Expansion Strategy Project”.
https://www.cp.syngenta.co.jp/cp/hot_news/view/?column_id=66[7]Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2021). New Approaches to the "Strategic
Project for Expanding Rice Markets Overseas".
https://www.maff.go.jp/hokuriku/seisan/supply/attach/pdf/kome_yusyutu-5.pdf[8]Asahi Shimbun (2020). Donation of rubbing alcohol made from sake dregs to Kamijou
Shuzo in Saitama.
https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASN5P7GFQN5NUTNB00S.html[9]Bishonen, a Sake Brewery in Kikuchi City, Kumamoto Prefecture - Sake Brewing Since
the Edo Period - "Full of Flavor and Nutrients! What are the beauty and health benefits ofsake lees?
https://bishonen.jp/special/column17/
All references above are viewed on August 31, 2021.

Revitalization of the tourism industry~Towards the Popularization of Workation~

5201 Sou Awashima
Abstract
In order to revitalize the tourism, aviation, and accommodation industries, which have been
hit hard by the spread of the new coronavirus, this study aims to consider ways to promote"work vacations," a method of tourism and work that is beginning to attract attention because
it allows people to reduce their contact with other people to the minimum necessary and tobalance work and In order to promote this method, we have to think of a way to spread "workvacation".
１

Introduction

Have you ever heard of the term "other prefecture number hunting"? This term is used todescribe people who were traveling under the GOTO Travel Campaign, which was officiallyapproved by the government in the summer of 2020 after the new coronavirus had died down
and had their cars damaged or their interiors vandalized by the so-called "self-restraint police.
This is a problem caused by the idea that tourism causes people to move around a lot, which
in turn spreads the new coronavirus. However, the tourism and work method called "workvacation" has the advantage of very little human contact, and if this method is used,countermeasures against infectious diseases and revitalization of the tourism industry can be
carried out in parallel. Therefore, we decided to conduct this study.

２

Discussion and implicationsFirst of all, I would like to explain the definition of "work vacation". Workcation is a wordcoined from "work" meaning work and "vacation" meaning vacation. Next, I would like toexplain the target audience for work vacations. The first is businessmen who go alone, andthey tend to choose hotels in the city that have internet facilities such as wifi. The second isfor families, who tend to look for places to play and someone to look after the kids while theadults are working. Workcations can also help prevent the spread of new coronavirus
infections. In contrast to conventional sightseeing and commuting, where people naturally
congregate to create what is called a "dense" area, a work vacation allows you to stagger thetime and place of your commute and sightseeing to your liking, and since you can spend mostof your time in your own room, such as a hotel, you can reduce your contact with otherpeople. Next, I'd like to explain some examples of workcation. First of all, let's start with thecase of Japan. In Japan, Wakayama Prefecture in particular has been actively involved in theworkcation program. For example, during the summer vacation of 2020, Wakayama
Prefecture and JALPACK, a tour company of Japan Airlines, jointly held a work vacation
event. While the adults were working in the office, the children were playing with tour guides
at Adventure World. In addition, JAL (Japan Airlines), a famous company, held a work
vacation experience for both general employees and executives to deepen their understandingof work vacations. Furthermore, the government is also working to promote the work
vacation program. For example, in July 2020, the Ministry of the Environment adopted morethan 500 organizations as a project to promote workcations in national parks. The then Chief
Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga also said he would work to promote workcations inconjunction with the now-suspended GOTO campaign. Still, the reason why work vacations
have not spread in Japan is that work vacations are treated as paid holidays in the first place,there is no work vacation culture, and it is not convenient. Next, I'd like to explain someexamples of work vacations around the world. First is the United States. In the U.S., work
vacation is not as popular as in Japan. The reason for this is that in the U.S., working is
considered a virtue and there are no paid holidays, so there is a tendency to be modest about
work and vacation at the same time. In Europe, on the other hand, there is a culture ofbalancing work and vacation, with many days of paid leave, and work vacations are actively
practiced. In Germany, for example, the Federal Leave Act requires employees to take at least
24 days of paid leave per year, and the rate of use of this leave is high, indicating that
employees are actively taking work vacations.
３

Conclusion

In order to popularize work vacations in Japan and the U.S., it is necessary to first change
the laws and systems so that work vacations are regarded as work, and then to spread theculture of work vacations and improve convenience. As for the improvement of convenience,at present, it is troublesome to make reservations for transportation, hotels, and sightseeing
spots, as well as to apply to one's own company, each of which is done separately, and thisis thought to be one of the reasons why work vacations do not spread.

４

References

PR TIMES (2020) JAL, Nanki-Shirahama Airport and NearMe to launch shuttle service forseamless travel in Nanki-Shirahama
https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000037.000031733.html March 2021 March 22
Japan Airlines (2020) Summer Vacation for Parents and Children by JAL! Let's go to
Wakayama

https://www.jal.co.jp/domtour/jaldp/workation/ January 15, 2021
Nikkei X TREND (2020) JAL also promotes 20% improvement in productivity, will

work-cation become popular?
https://xtrend.nikkei.com/atcl/contents/18/00351/00008/ March 22, 2021
NHK (2020) Coexistence with Corona: How will it change? The world's airline industry
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20200604/k10012457451000.html June 22, 2020
maki3 Let's read some English news! (2018) What is a work vacation? Do you work while
you're on vacation? Workcation in the USA
https://maki3english.com/2018/09/23/%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B1%E3%83%
BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E6%9C%AC%E5%BD%93%E
3%81%AB%E3%83%90%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E8%A8%80 March 22, 2021

https://www.canadapageants.com/gpolaris1

Education for mild and moderate Deaf
~Good Education to use digital equipment ~5202 Name Takuya Imaizumi
Abstract
Recently, the cases in which the mild and moderate deaf child don’t graduate from the deaf
school, and usually graduates from a normal school, increases. However, the hearing aid isexpensive, and there is a difference in the support by the local government. These children
cannot receive hearing aids and other support without parental support. We thought that we
could use the tablets distributed to schools as an educational aid with less financial burden.
Tablets and other ICT devices are also used in schools for the deaf, and we thought that thesame kind of assistance would be possible. However, some issues remained. The distribution
rate of tablets is not high enough, and while it is possible for high school students, who havea relatively high distribution rate. It is not enough for elementary and junior high school
students. In addition, there have been suicides caused by tablets, and we found out that somestudents misuse tablets.
１ Introduction
For people with mild to moderate hearing loss, Japan has left it up to local governments toprovide support, and there are differences among them.This is far behind other countries.
Further,the cases in which the mild and moderate deaf child does not graduate from the deaf
school, and usually graduates from a normal school is increasing.Children can’t receive
support from their parents, also they can’t cure their own disease.I focused on the problems
that happen when a child is not getting enough support from government. And In Japan, thenumber of children with hearing loss going to schools for the deaf has been decreasing since2007, and the number of those going to regular schools has been increasing.Therefore, I
decided to research the education of children with mild to moderate hearing loss.
２

Discussion and implications

Using Himeji Special Needs School, Kyoto Prefectural School for the Deaf, Hiratsuka
School for the Deaf, and Yamagata School for the Deaf as references, we looked for
differences and similarities between regular schools and schools for the deaf.
３ Conclusion
I searched for the tablets that were being distributed to schools. When I heard on the news
that the latest ICT devices were being used in schools for the deaf, I thought that perhaps ICT
devices would be a good match for the education of children with hIn recent years, tablets have begun to be distributed free of charge to elementary, junior highschool, and high school students as part of the GIGA School Initiative, and are playing a role
as a supplement to classes.Since it would be distributed free of charge, the burden on
households would be minimal, and disparities between municipalities would be unlikely tooccur. As for the possibility of assisting education, we referred to Himeji Special Needs
School, Kyoto Prefectural School for the Deaf, Hiratsuka School for the Deaf, Yamagata
School for the Deaf, and other schools to see if education with tablets was possible, andconversely, what was lacking.We found that these schools for the deaf are using tablets,
electronic blackboards, and mechanized school broadcasts to visualize and communicate
what they perceive with their hearing. In addition to tablets, projectors (electronic
blackboards) are also being distributed through the GIGA School Initiative, so students inschools for the deaf are not taught only with special tools that are difficult to introduce inregular schools. This led us to believe that regular schools could adopt a similar classroom
format to that of schools for the deaf. Therefore, we investigated in more detail how classes
in schools for the deaf use tablets and other digital equipment According to the Kyoto
Prefectural School for the Deaf, the tools used at the school include "IOS8 4 BETA-Live
Typing on Talk-to-Text," "Using Google Glass to Caption Conversation," "Google Gesture,""Kinect," "Made for iPhone," "New iPad Air, iPad mini," and "Apple Watch. Made for
iPhone '', "New iPad Air, iPad mini", and "Apple Watch". In addition to portability, mobility,
and operability, the advantages of tablets and iPads were discussed, and it was thought thatthey would expand the scope of classes because they could do things that PCs equipped inschools could not, such as using AR (augmented reality) and cameras.In addition, "Google
Gesture" and "Kinect'' are applications for tablets and PCs, and can be installed on distributed
tablets as long as permission is granted. Therefore, they could be useful for practicing sign
language at home as well as in the classroom. Based on these reasons, I thought that evenwith just the tablets distributed, if additional applications were used, it would be less likely tointerfere with classes even in regular high schools for students with mild to moderate hearing
loss. According to Obunsha, 48.0% of tablets would be distributed to students in 2019, and81.0% of electronic blackboards will be distributed. Tablets are distributed individually,making it easier to distinguish between education for children with hearing loss and children
with normal hearing, and with the current increase in the amount of applications, there is apossibility that education can be tailored to each child with hearing loss. Although the
popularity of electronic blackboards is higher than that of tablets, it is difficult to adapt themto each individual. He thought that it would be unrealistic to make changes in education withelectronic blackboards in regular high schools. Thus, he thought that regular high schools
could improve the education of children with hearing loss by using tablets. According to
JANET and CEC, as of July 20, 2020, the tablet penetration rate in junior high schools is
3.3%, which means that only about 300 out of 1,000 junior high schools in Japan have
distributed tablets. The tablet penetration rate in elementary schools is even lower, at only
1.9%. This means that only about 350 out of 19,000 elementary schools in Japan have

distributed tablets. This means that although tablets can be used in high schools, it is notrealistic to use them in elementary and junior high schools. In particular, children with mild
to moderate hearing loss would like to start using tablets at an early stage because they needmore applications than normal people, but with these numbers, it will be difficult for them tostart using tablets in elementary and junior high schools. In a similar survey, the distribution
rate of electronic blackboards was found to be 50.4% in elementary schools and 47.5% injunior high schools. This is also a lower percentage than that of high schools, and we thought
it would be more difficult to use them for education. We thought that it would be difficult toimprove specific educational methods for children with hearing loss attending regular schools
in elementary schools, where language education, one of the most important aspects ofeducation for children with hearing loss, takes place, and in junior high schools, wherechildren move from basic to advanced education. I decided to continue my research with anemphasis on elementary and junior high schools. In addition, in November last year, a 6th
grade girl at an elementary school in Machida, Tokyo committed suicide because she wasbullied on a tablet distributed to her. I also believe that there may be educational methods that
do not rely on ICT devices such as tablets and electronic blackboards. However, from thisstudy, I thought that the current situation is that it is possible for students with mild hearing
loss to attend special needs schools such as schools for the deaf in elementary and junior highschools, and to go on to regular high schools in high school if educational methods are
established.

４ References[Treating children with mild to moderate hearing loss {Kunihiro Hukushima} ]（https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jibiinkoka/116/9/116_1056/_pdf）[Dealing with children with hearing loss in regular schools {Takuji Okitsu}](https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shonijibi/37/3/37_241/_pdf)[Himeji Hearing Special School](https://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/kyouiku/201906/0012461623.shtml)[Kyoto school for the Deaf](http://www.kyoto-be.ne.jp/rou-s/cms/)[Yamagata school for the Deaf](http://www.yamagata-sd.ed.jp/)[Hiratsuka school for deaf](https://www.pen-kanagawa.ed.jp/hiratsukarou-sd/)[Obunsha](https://www.obunsha.co.jp/)[Japan Association for Promotion of Information Technology in Education JAPET&CEC](https://www.japet.or.jp/)

Application of Melted Slag
~In Order to Save Depleted Resources~
5203

Sho Umeyama

Abstract
How many people who have accurate information about emission of Dioxin are︖ Dioxin is
a artificial compound generated when weed-killer is made , especially garbage isburned.To protect human health from harmful substances, the government
enforcement ダイオキシン類対策特別措置法 2000 January 15th.Unlike current
systems Garbage occurrences in each house or school would be burned there. Daoxin does
not occur at ultra high temperature,.Therefore current style of disposal at one time is kindfor the earth 's environment,but there is a big problem.we have to use a lot of
petroleum in order to make it a high temperature. I think this action contradicts the
problem of depleted resources receiving worldwide attention.It is a newenvironmental issue.It should be discussed.
１

Introduction

Emission of dioxin has a bad effect on the environment and should be improved.There were
pollution issues or bad influences on our body in japan.The way of garbage disposal
has changed.The garbages were burned individually as houses or school. Now These
are burned at the garbage disposal facility.These changes are related with emission ofdioxin extreamy. If we burn garbage at low temperatures,dioxin will certainly
occur.According to recent studies , The dioxin does not generate at ultra hightemperature.Ultra high temperatures are more than 600℃.Therefore people adopt a
new way of garbage disposal.You must think that this is a perfect idea,but it is a big
mistake.Did you hear another environmental problem such as a problem for resource
especially depleted resource?In the current world this issue is taken notice of.UN
said that depleted resources will disappear,so we have to save a certain amount ofenergy.For example using a car driven by electricity.Then I have a question.Is thisaction good?Because precious resources are used in order to make the disposal
machine of disposal high.I think it does not match this world that is aiming foreco-society.

２

Discussion and implications

I think that application of melted slag can solve this problem.Melted slag is a glass material
made by melting incinerator ash of waste at a high temperature and cooling it.This isa very hard material like artificial igneous.Because of cooling it sharply.Meited slag
is it is great material made of garbage.The conveniences and function of melted slag
will solve complex environmental issue.There are two ways of using it.First it isused for fuel.Second it is used for material.The amount of using petroleum formaterial changes to melted slag.In other words the amount of using petroleum formaking something be decreased and We will increase the amount of using petroleum
as a fuel.

３Conclusion

You think that all the resources will disappear any time.Some people do not have current
information.Of course,global resources reserves are declining ,but advances intechnology are increasing possible mining.So we do not have to worry about
that.Research on the use of renewable energy is underway around the world,and I
hope this research will help them.
４

References［１］Ministry of the Environment HP https://www.env.go.jp/doc/［２］Prefecture saitama https://www.pref.saitama.lg.jp/cess/cess-kokosiri/cess-koko4.html［３］Soution of decreasing dioxinhttp://www.env.go.jp/air/dioxin/dioxin.html

Increase the Number of Repeat Foreign Tourists~Lending a Mobile WiFi for more Great Sightseeing~5204 Ryota Kobayashi
Abstract
I would like to increase the number of repeat foreign tourists because it is revealed that they
are to pay money depending on how many times they come to Japan. According to the Japan
Tourism Agency,JTA, foreign tourists who have visited Japan several times spend moremoney than those who have not. Also it is proven that they tend to go to Japanese rural areas
such as Tohoku district. Then I think that it is important to increase the number of repeat
foreign tourists. In order to grow, I have to recognize what makes them frustrated about Japanand solve it. According to the JTA, what they are dissatisfied with is that there are few public
WiFi spots and Internet. Therefore I suggest that we should lend them a pocket WiFi so as toresolve these problems and promote more comfortable travel.
１

Introduction

There were a lot of tourists who live in other countries and various places in Japan wererediscovered before covid-19 epidemic. They are often interested in a different point of viewthan Japanese tourists and they sometimes find places where Japanese people have notrealized. According to the JTA, as the number of times that foreign tourists come to Japan
increases, they tend to visit more rural areas. Also, according to the same data, as the numberof times which foreign tourists visit Japan increases, they tend to spend more money. In otherwords, providing more comfortable travel and sightseeing will help local economic
prosperity. In addition, this paper is based on data available on the Internet by thegovernment. Since the covid-19 is currently making it difficult for people to travel abroad,
you can not go on a trip freely now. However I assume that covid-19 would have gotten lostto some extent and people could travel abroad as they did before because I can take accountof it easily.
２

Discussion and implications

As I mentioned, it is known that the more often foreign tourists come to Japan, the more
opportunities they have to visit local areas and the more money they spend in Japan.

The first research question was "improve the Internet communication environment for foreign
tourists" as a guideline for this research. Next, we collected information on the frustration
which foreign tourists have about Japan. According to the Japan Tourism Agency in 2017, thenumber one frustration that foreign tourists have is the lack of free public WiFi and Internet

access. We thought that solving these problems would improve their accessibility. According
to the JTA in 2013, about 70 percent of foreign tourists thought that they were going to use
free public WiFi before they visit Japan. The reasons for this are that everyone can connect toit for free and use it easily. However there are a lot of problems. For example,it is revealed
that it is impossible to connect to limited places. Even if it were possible, the speed of theInternet would be slow due to the largest number of people using it. And there are alsoprivacy issues.Unfortunately, free public WiFi is provided by the local government so it isdifficult for us to provide them.What about the sale of SIM cards? I know that it is probably
easier to sell than other ways since they only need to sell SIM cards. According to thementioned data, 28.6% of all foreign tourists had buyed a SIM card before they visited Japanand planned to use it during their trip but they only 13.2% used it.In other words, more thanhalf of the people who intended to use the SIM card gave up owing to some trouble which
they did not expect. The third option, mobile WiFi rental is the highest percentage of people
who actually use it.It indicates that it can be used comfortably and there are almost no
problems that may happen when they use SIM cards. However, they have to pay a lot ofmoney to use it, and the price is very high.Then I can assume that the reason why free WiFi isused by many people is because it is free to use. Therefore I propose a free rental mobile
WIFI, which is a good combination.The receiving and returning spots will be the airport,
which is the gateway of Japan, and unmanned spots will be provided to reduce laborcosts.Although how to get together funds is not resolved, I think this problem can be solved
by cooperating with private travel agencies and transportation companies. It would enable
foreign tourists to travel without the frustration of the Internet. I think it will absolutely havea positive impact on foreign tourists, and surely improve their travel comfort. There would besome more benefits for companies. Also they can expect to take part in the travel agency
tours and use the services of transportation companies.
３

Conclusion

For these reasons, I believe that free rental of portable mobile WiFi will have an effect on
increasing the number of repeat tourists. I hope that this system will increase the number ofpeople who become aware of the charms of local areas through tourism.
４

References

The Japan Tourism Agency
訪⽇外国⼈旅⾏者の訪⽇回数と消費動向の関係について 2021/10/15
The Japan Tourism Agency
外国⼈旅⾏者に対するアンケート調査結果について 2021/10/15
The Japan Tourism Agency
訪⽇外国⼈旅⾏者が利⽤する通信環境確保に向けた取組 2021/10/15
NINJA WIFI
⽇本国内Wifi短期レンタルのNINJA Wifi 2021/10/15

Progressive Treatment of Gaming Disorders in Minors~Limiting usage hours and creating a child-friendly environment~
5206 Haruto Sonobe

Abstract
This study was conducted to research ways to improve the lives of children by reducing the
gaming disorder, which is a social problem today, so that they can lead healthier lives.(Thecurrent study was conducted on minors under the age of 18.)
In this study, I would like to conclude that it is the surrounding environment that causes
the development of gaming disorders, and I would like to propose a fundamental remedy andtwo methods of improvement.
Advanced research said loneliness causes gaming disorders. It said gaming disorder isnasty disease because it’s not easy to cure. Children have to stop playing games.
I came up with ways to cure the disorder. There are two ways to cure it. They are limiting
usage hours and creating a child-friendly environment. My brother is Gaming disorder. I
would like to try the way to my brother. I think these are good ways to cure the disorder.
１

Introduction
To explain in detail, the first is the limitation of the usage time.Specifically, the goal is to

reduce the amount of time spent playing games by 10 minutes every two weeks until the WHO's
recommended daily gaming time is one hour.We thought that by shortening the duration of thestages, we could reduce the stress caused by the decrease in game time.
Secondly, I would like to suggest that we improve the surrounding environment to reduce themental stress of the children.Since this needs to be done by their parents, I believe that it is
impossible to perform the treatment here, but this is more likely to be a fundamental solution.
２

Discussion and implications
In this study, I researched ways to improve the game disorder.First, game disorder isclassified as mental illness, so I choose it as a topic because it does not need any medical

knowledge.At the same time, however, it became apparent in the course of my research thatmental illness is a difficult field to treat.However, I saw an interesting paper from a Canadianuniversity that helped me to find a policy to cure the game disorder. The conclusion of thepaper was that psychosis is more likely to occur because of poor surroundings. So I thought itwould be a good idea to improve the surrounding environment that induces psychosis.
３

Conclusion

I would like to suggest that we improve the surrounding environment to reduce the mental
stress of the children.Since this needs to be done by their parents, I believe that it is
impossible to perform the treatment here, but this is more likely to be a fundamental solution.
This will be divided into two patterns: Pattern A, which is a method mainly based onlimiting the time for using games, and Pattern B, which is mainly based on improving thesurrounding environment of the child in the process.(The definition of children here is limited
to minors between the ages of 5 and 18.)
①Limitation of usage time・Example〇5hours→4hours＆50mintes→4hours＆40minutes✖

5hours→4hours→3hours

・Limiting the time of use has an effect of reducing children's dependence on games, whichleads to the reduction of gaming disorders. This way’s goal is 1hour. If we could reduce thetime,it’s become safer.
②Improve the surrounding environment
・Proposalⅰ) Selecting toys to play with outsideⅱ) Creating an environment where they will never be alone( How to assign a room etc.)
・Improve the surrounding environment to reduce children's exposure to games and increase
their opportunities to grow into socially independent adults by reducing the sense ofloneliness they feel to the utmost limit through active contact with their families.

４ References
やめられない怖い依存症︕脳に異常が起きるゲーム障害の症状、治療法<https://www.nhk.or.jp/kenko/atc_883.html>(3/22)「ゲーム依存の実態と課題」（視点・論点）<https://www.nhk.or.jp/kaisetsu-blog/400/289702.html>(3/22)
⽇本経済新聞
記事名︓ゲーム障害、実態把握急ぐ 診断基準確定で厚労省< https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO45283060V20C19A5CZ8000/>(3/22)
朝⽇新聞デジタル
記事名︓ゲーム障害、眠りに悩む患者多く 病気として治療必要<https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASM8X71Z5M8XULBJ01N.html>(3/22)
MIRA-i
記事名︓ネット依存・ゲーム依存度チェック< https://mira-i.jp/check/>(3/22)
vice
記事名︓16歳のインド⼈少年、ゲームのやりすぎで死亡<https://www.vice.com/ja/article/d3n4n7/a-16-year-old-in-india-died-after-playing-too-much-pubg>(3/22)IDEAS FOR GOOD
記事名︓【2020年最新版】社会問題を解決に導く、ゲーミフィケーション活⽤事例13選<https://ideasforgood.jp/gamification-matome/>(3/22)

Solving the Food Waste Problem from the View of Washoku Culture~Establishing “Washoku Thanksgiving Days”~

5207 Yuraki Takayama

Abstract
In 2012, washoku culture was registered as an Intangible Cultural Heritage. Although it isso popular in many countries, not in Japan. Japanese people tend not to eat traditional
Japanese cuisine. That will lead to the expansion of the food waste damage. Also,the reason
why I treat the less interest in washoku culture as a serious problem is based on the fact: thelocal cuisine is nutritionally suitable for keeping in good shape for the people who live in thatarea. If many people in Japan rarely eat washoku, there will be more patients of thelifestyle-related disease in the future. To solve these problems, I suggest that we should
establish “Washoku Thanksgiving Days” , a project for giving people opportunities to learn
about washoku culture. If more people become interested in this culture thanks to this project,
I think I would solve these serious problems.

１

Introduction
In Japan, less interest in washoku is regarded as a serious problem. Although washoku

culture was registered as an Intangible Cultural Heritage, a lot of people, especially theyounger generation, do not eat traditional dishes in this country. Related to this, decreasing
the amount of rice consumption is also a serious problem. Because people tend not to eat
washoku, demand for rice is decreasing. This turns out to be an expansion of food waste
damage. My goal is to solve these problems by promoting interest in washoku.
To make washoku culture last in the future, MAFF(Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries of Japan) made a pamphlet, “Washoku for the future”. In this pamphlet, they

introduced “The Washoku Association of Japan”, which is an apparatus for preserving theIntangible Cultural Heritage, and implementing the procession of it. They started their project
on April 1 in 2015, and have been doing a lot of things, but their works have not become
popular yet. So, I would like to suggest the expansion of what they continue doing.
I would pursue my study on some steps.The first step is to learn about what washoku is.
The next step is to use the way to preserve gastronomic culture in France as a reference. The
final step is to rebuild the way of conservation into Japanese style.

２

Discussion and implications

definition of washoku
According to the MAFF, washoku is defined as “the important culture which shapes theseveral aspects of Japanese life, and which is built upon the spirit of ‘respect for nature’ thatJapanese have been inheriting since ancient time”. It includes the food which is eaten when
the observance is held in the local area. This is a really abstract definition, so I define
washoku as “the food which has the taste of traditional seasoning, such as soy sauce or miso”
in my study.
structure of human bodyAccording to Shintani Enzyme, the human body has been changing its shape depending on
where the ancestors used to live and eat. For example, Japanese people have longer bowels
than western people, and the shape of the stomach is like a fishhook. The longer bowel andstomach shaped fish hook make it easier to digest food especially grains and absorb more
nutrition. On the other hand, it has the drawback that absorbing a lot of nutritions means that
we would take in too much. It will lead to exacerbation of lifestyle-related disease. Moreover,
if Japanese eat European food which contains a lot of oil, most of them would have stomachache. Therefore, eating washoku is the best way to keep in good shape for Japanese people.
the amount of rice consumption
In Japan, younger generations tend not to eat washoku in daily life, and less people areinterested in it. According to MAFF, the consumption rate of rice has been decreasingconstantly since 1962 when the amount of it is largest. Less interest in washoku should be
regarded as a serious problem because it is connected with decreasing the amount of riceconsumption and increasing the amount of rice waste. In other words, the less people getcurious about traditional Japanese cuisine, the more rice would be thrown.
French Gastronomy Week
In France, the culture of gastronomy was registered to the UNESCO list of Intangible
Cultural Heritage in 2010. The government of France established “France Gastronomy
Week” in order not to devastate that culture. This project has a lot of campaigns, “lessons oftaste”, ”chefs in campus”, ”tables of taste”, and “atelier of taste”, for giving opportunities tolearn about the culture to the children. It is said that this project is known to over 90 percentof the population in France.

３

Conclusion
To increase the people interested in washoku, I suggest that we should establish “Washoku

Thanksgiving days”. It is composed of six days, the five seasonal festivals (gosekku), andWashoku Day. The five seasonal festival is “sekku of Jinnjitsu” on January 7, “sekku of
Joumi” on March 3, “sekku of Tango” on May 5, “sekku of Tanabata” on July 7, and “sekku
of Chouyou” on September 9. In addition, Washoku Day on November 24 was established by
The Washoku Association of Japan. These are the days which are related to the washoku
culture. On these days, each family cooks traditional Japanese food and has opportunities tobe exposed to Japanese culture. This is the education for children, who will become a main
provider of culture. I think I can promote their interest in washoku. Then, more rice would be
consumed, and the number of patients with lifestyle-related disease would decrease.
The agenda for this topic in the future is whether there is enough money to enact“Washoku Thanksgiving Days”. I do not know how much it will cost, so I think I should
consider it deeply.

４

References
1. 「Washoku」（Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan）〈https://www.maff.go.jp/j/keikaku/syokubunka/culture/attach/pdf/index-75.pdf〉（access date: November 2, 2020）
2. 「The amount of rice consumption」（Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan）〈https://www.maff.go.jp/j/seisan/kikaku/pdf/data01.pdf〉（access date:January 18, 2021）
3. 「Is it true that Japanese have longer bowels than western people?」（Shintani Enzyme）〈https://www.shinyakoso.com/column/american-iso-choso/〉（access date:March 22, 2021）

５

Bibliography
1. 「Washoku day on November 24」（The Washoku Association of Japan）〈https://washokujapan.jp/1124washoku/〉（access date:January 18, 2021）
2. 「Five seasonal festivals」（The Washoku Association of Japan）〈https://gosekku-washoku.jp/〉（access date:January 18, 2021）
3. 「What is the effect of fermented food?」（Yomeishu）〈https://www.yomeishu.co.jp/health/3892/〉（access date:March 22, 2021）

An Innovative Possibility of Water Fluoridation~Create a New Way of Brushing Teeth in the Hospital~
5208 Tanazawa Shunsuke

Abstract
COVID-19 is one of the most dangerous viruses in human history.Clusters are taking
place at every place or family, even hospital. There are a lot of doctors and nurses in thehospital; so, seemingly, the hospital looks like the last place that a cluster would happen. I’m
thinking about the reason so far, and I realized one possibility.
I suppose one of the reasons is “brushing teeth”.
However, this time, “brushing teeth” does not mean
what we do everyday. Actually, what I want to talkabout is this picture. You know, there are a lot of
people, who can’t brush their teeth by themselvesbecause of some injury or disease. This picture shows
how helpers brush such people’s teeth. By the way, I
think this picture shows a serious problem. It is the distance between helpers and patients.
Don’t you think they are too close? Of course, the helpers wear a mask and rubber gloves;but, the mouth is full of a numerous number of viruses including COVID-19. Considering it,
this way of brushing teeth has a lot of risks. Therefore, as a solution, I suggest a new kind of
dental care which is not only effective with caries but also keeps a significant distance
between them.

Introduction

The pandemic of COVID-19 made helpers in nursing afraid of being infected with

this disease. The reason is, in the conventional ways of dental care such as brushing, thedistance between helpers and people who need help is too short. For example, in the case ofpeople who are not able to brush their teeth by themselves, helpers have to wipe the moisturein the mouth directly with a towel after finishing brushing. However, the lack of dental care is
critical for elderly people because a lot of serious diseases result from “caries”. In fact, mygreat-grandmother was also killed by caries. What is worse, according to Japanese National
Department of Welfare and Health, the number of elderly people who have caries isincreasing. That is no matter how much helpers worry about appearance of infections of
COVID-19, they have to help the elderly brush to save their lives from caries.

Discussion and implications

I made my original solution inspired by Water fluoridation, but first let me explain a little
about what Water fluoridation is. It’s one of the most admired ways to prevent caries.
The high effectiveness of precaution is supported by world health institutions such as“WHO” or the “Japanese National Department of Welfare and Health”. Next is about its
mechanism. All we have to do is just adjusting the concentration of fluorine, which iseffective with caries, in water service to the most effective level as precaution of caries.
By doing so, if we drink the fluoridation water supply, or eat food cooked with it,
fluorine will come into our mouths and save our teeth from caries. Conventionally, the systemof water fluoridation was attached at water purification plants. On the other hand, myresearch’s original point is to make mini-fluoridation systems and set them at each nursing
home. There, helpers can keep the teeth health of the elderly through non-close work such as
drinking or eating. Therefore, the helpers will no longer have to concern about being infectedthrough dental care.

Problem and how to solve

Though water fluoridation itself has already invented many years ago, the idea of
introducing them into each nursing home is completely my original one. It means that I haveto predict all problems that can occur in the future. Also one of the problems I haverecognized now is cost. To get enough information for solving it, I conducted an interview
with Shimonita Town Hall in Gunma. It has already set a mini-water fluoridation system in
its building to spread water fluoridation to people. According to it, the first investment costs
about 2 million yen. I'm going to make up for a subsidy from the Japanese National
Department of Welfare and Health, or crowdfunding.

What to do next

I’m planning to do research on two things to improve my study. The first is to conduct ainterview with a nursing home in Gunma, Saisei Kai Azuma So, to check a real concrete
situation about what is caused by COVID-19. Also, the second is to ask this school’s
ALTs of real fluoridation in foreign countries. Since water fluoridation isn’t working in Japan
officially, I want to know about it not only by the media, but also by people’s real
impressions.

Conclusion

In conclusion, I’m sure that introducing water fluoridation into each nursing home isnecessary for new dental care during COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, my great-grandmotherdied of caries. I heard that finally I don’t want any other people to end like her. However,while
this project is completely my original one, there must be some kind of problem that hasn’t
appeared yet. Therefore, from now on, I will continue to do research no matter what difficult
problems may occur.

References

平成28年 歯科疾患実態調査結果の概要 10/11
フッ化物 - 歯とお口のことなら何でもわかる テーマパーク8020 10/11
下仁田町ホームページ ： フロリデーション 10/17
新型コロナウィルスに関連した高齢者施設での「口腔ケア」問題

11/19

How to Solve the Over Tourism
5209 Toyota Naotaka

Abstract

These days, the problems of over tourism are getting harder and harder all over the world.
Japan also has this problem, such as in Kyoto and Hokkaido. The examples of the problem
are traffic jams, deterioration of public order, environment pollution, and destroying thelandscape,etc. Someone may think”Haha, that’s so easy! Stop the entry of foreign tourists, thecondition will be better!”. That’s right, but the government’ goal of the tourism industry is toincrease the number of inbound tourists, so I’m going to think about the way to solve the overtourism problems without restricting the number of people.
As a result, I suggesti) compare the tourists by the time.
ii) hold the capsule toys.
And for the solution of the deterioration of public order,i) make strong penaltyii) change the clothes of the guards.
１

Introduction

Now, the condition of tourism isn’t prospering because of the Covid-19, however, theproblems of tourism are getting harder and harder these days. Over tourism is the problem
which is caused by too many tourists gathering in one spot. The famous examples of it aretraffic jams, deterioration of public order, environment pollution, and destroying thelandscape,etc.
Actually, Venice, a city in Italy, has such a serious problem. The residents of Venice are50,000 people, but the number of tourists is 25,000,000. Because of the great number oftourists, ocean pollution, destroying the landscape, illegal graffiti, and illegal dumping, andso on, were happening. Therefore, Venice is in danger of cancellation of the world heritage,
because the value of history is gone. In the same way, Japan may also lose world heritage.
Thus, we have to solve this problem.
The government of Japan has a goal to increase the number of foreign tourists, so it can bethought of as natural that more foreigners will come to Japan. Therefore, for stopping theover tourism, restricting foreigners is not a good way. My study’s purpose is to stop the overtourism problem without decreasing the number of tourists.

2

Discussion and implications
The biggest examples of the over tourism in Japan are “jams” and “deterioration of

public order”, so I am going to suggest the solution of those two problems.

The first problem is jams.
Especially in Kyoto city, jams often happen there.The historical buildings are very popular
not only with foreigners but also Japanese, so a lot of people gather in Kyoto.
The key to a solution is capacity. If the capacity will increase, the jams will no longer be a
problem.
Actually, Kyoto city is doing the time separating. Commonly, sightseeings is during thedaytime. However Kyoto city created “morning sightseeing” and “night sightseeing”.The
capacity was very increased. I have two other proposals. Separating by season and place. If
there are some events in several seasons and a lot of places, the capacity will increase more
and more. And if these things spread all over Japan, a lot of cities will be able to get a larger
number of tourists and decrease the damage caused by over tourism.

And if we can assign the Japanese tourists to several places in Japan, it helps to dissolve theconcentration of all aspects of a society in one place. Of course, in Japan, there are a lot of
beautiful sightseeing spots.
Peach Aviation, an airline company held “Tabi Kuji”, which is a lot to decide the travelingspots. Unknown stimulates people's curiosity. Thus if the lot spreads, the capacity will

increase.

Second, for the “deterioration of public order”.
Actually, on my school trip, in Kyoto, I saw a lot of foreigners eating on the road, using
cameras at the place where they were not allowed to take pictures, and so on.
As one of the reasons for these terrible things, it is said that the Japanese penalty is so soft on
foreigners. The foreign tourists do not have a penalty even though they violate regulation andlaw.
However, in Singapore, the penalties are so strict, so the order in there is better than a lot ofcountries in the world. Japan should strengthen penalties for illegal actions like Singapore,and notifying of the rules and manners is also an essential measure.
Thus, patrol is very important. However, someone will not feel better surrounded by someguards, and many guards will lead to destroying the landscape.
Because of these bad influences, I propose that the guards change the clothes of the guards toadapt to the place. For example, in Kyoto, if the guards wear Samurai clothes, it will make itpossible to protect the town without spoiling the views, And, we can recognize who is guardeasily, so someone will be able to call out guards when they are in need.
３

Conclusion
To solve the problem, such as jams and deterioration of public order,

I suggestⅰ)Separate the tourists by time, season, and place.
ⅱ)Hold lots to decide the sightseeing spots randomly.
ⅲ) Tighten the penalties for illegal act.
ⅳ )Change the clothes of guards.

I could not think about the cost, and so on, so it may not be useless study, so I want tokeep studying and thinking how to fulfill this study.
４

References

World Tourism Organization <https://unwto-ap.org/about/> 2021/8/21

The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism<https://www.mlit.go.jp/>2021/8/21

The Cabinet Office <https://www.cao.go.jp/>2021/8/21

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs <https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/>2021/8/21

The Japan Tourism Agency <https://www.mlit.go.jp/kankocho/>2021/8/21

Japan National Tourism Organization <https://www.jnto.go.jp/jpn/>2021/8/21

Japan Tourism Association <https://www.nihon-kankou.or.jp/home/>2021/8/21

Singapore Tourism Board <https://www.facebook.com/VisitSingaporeJP/>2021/8/21

Yamatogokoro.jp <https://www.yamatogokoro.jp/inboundnews/pickup/31962/>2021/8/21

Travelvoice.jp <https://www.travelvoice.jp/20210726-149287>2021/8/21

Tourism.jp <https://www.tourism.jp/tourism-database/glossary/over-tourism/>2021/8/21

myethicalchoice.com<https://myethicalchoice.com/journal/sustainable/overtourism/>2021/8/21

Jiji.com <https://www.jiji.com/jc/article?k=2021101300805&g=eco>2021/8/21

Skyticket.jp<https://skyticket.jp/peach?utm_source=yahoo&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=sponsor

edsearch&yclid=YSS.1000090478.EAIaIQobChMI3NOn3srM8wIVBzdgCh0lRASnEAAYA
SAAEgK2ovD_BwE>2021/8/21

The Scientific Way to Relieve Tension
What Is the Real “Shobumeshi”?
5210 Yusei Nakajima
Abstract
The problem of getting nervous is a serious problem around the world.
To begin with, the state of tension is caused due to noradrenaline, a Neurotransmitter in our
body. And the secretion of noradrenaline can be suppressed by the intake of tryptophan orvitaminB6. Also, calcium and magnesium can stabilize our nerves, and they enable us tocalm down and relax. Then I recommend yogurt with bananas and almonds as a
shobumeshi. This includes a lot of nutritions I mentioned that are needed to relieve tension.
However, eating this is not enough to relieve tension, so I suggest doing these.
ⅰ Eating shobumeshi two hours before the performance.
ⅱ Walking outside while chewing gum.
ⅲ Taking abdominal breathing just before the performance.
By completing this, we can increase the amount of serotonin strongly and suppress thesymptoms of getting nervous.
１ Introduction
According to the survey conducted by Asahi Group Holdings, more than 80 percent of thepeople corporate with this survey answered that they often get nervous. Through thisinformation, I found it valuable to detect the way to solve the problem of getting nervous, anddecided to study about it. The reason why I decided to focus on science is that other fields
such as psychology are too expert for me to conduct good research. The method to conduct
this study is to consider the shobumeshi by going through the food composition databaseprovided by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

２

Discussion and implications

According to the association to overcome the human nature of getting nervous, the state of
tension is caused due to noradrenaline, a Neurotransmitter in our body. And the secretion ofnoradrenaline can be suppressed by the intake of tryptophan or vitaminB6. Also, calcium andmagnesium can stabilize our nerves, and they enable us to calm down and relax.
Therefore, I recommend yogurt with bananas and almonds as a shobumeshi.
Yogurt is rich in magnesium(22mg/100g), calcium(120mg/100g), andtryptophan(54mg/100g).
Bananas are rich in vitaminB6(0.38mg/100g), magnesium(32mg/100g), andtryptophan(10mg/100g). Almonds are rich in calcium(240mg/100g), andmagnesium(270mg/100g). Like this, yogurt with bananas and almonds is rich in all thenutritions I mentioned.
Moreover, according to My Wellness, a web public relations magazine of starbucks coffee
Japan, these behaviors can increase the amount of serotonin.
・Rhythmical exercise and chewing motion
・To soak in the sun
・Abdominal breathingAlso, it was found that serotonins are secreted strongly two hours after the intake oftryptophan
or vitaminB6. Through these information, I came up with an idea to do below.
①Eating shobumeshi two hours before th performance②Walking outside while chewing gum③Taking abdominal breathing just before the performance
Then, to know how effective my suggestion is to relieve tension, I conducted a verification
experiment. These are the details and the conclusion of the experiment.
Ⅰ.The purpose and the method of the experiment
I tried to find out the effectiveness of my suggestion by taking advantage of the English
speechcontest held at my school every year. Specifically, I made a speech as usual when I was
first-grade student, and when Iwas second-grade student, I made a speech after I had
completedmy suggestion.
Ⅱ.The conclusion of the experimentAs a result, my suggestion was effective. Especially, I could experience the effectiveness of
abdominal breathing and rhythmical exercises grately.
Ⅲ.The problems of the experiment
The most serious problem of the experiment was that it was too difficult to make the same
strength of tension. To solve this problem, I decided to conduct the experiment by using theEnglish speech contest whose stage’s atmosphere does not change very much every year,
however, I can not affirm that I could make the same strength of tension because of thereasons
below.
・I had some opportunities to make a speech during the two speech contests, so I might get
accustomed to making a speech a little bit at the latter contest.
・Due to the difference of the quantities of practice, there may have been a difference of how
confident I was at the contest.
These factors made it difficult for me to verify the effectiveness of the shobumeshi, but I
could
clearly experience the effectiveness of abdominal breathing and rhythmical exercise, so theexperiment was worthy.
３

Conclusion

As I wrote in the second paragraph, I suggest doing below.
⓵Eating shobumeshi two hours before th performance②Walking outside while chewing gum③Taking abdominal breathing just before the performance
By completing this, serotonins will be secreted strongly, and the symptoms of getting
nervous will be suppressed.
４ References「The mechanism of getting nervous, and the effect of serotonin.」<https://agarishow.or.jp/blog/mechanism/> (November 8th, 2021)「Happinesshormone-serotonin.」<https://www.starbucks-kenpo.or.jp/my_wellness/mindset/list15.php> (November 8th, 2021)

「Food composition database.」<https://fooddb.mext.go.jp/> (November 8th, 2021)

Is It Better to Have the Death Penalty or Not?
~Thinking about Meaning of Death Penalty in Japan~
5211

Shun Moteki

Abstract
To join The European Union, the country have to ban the death penalty. Like this case, thenumber of country have already banned the death penalty and also world trends
become same. However, in Japan there is a system. I think about the meaning of theexistence and policy of the government at this time and I have to consider the public
opinion.
Death penalty is written in consitituton as a deterrence of crime but these days, some people
wonder the effect. The reason is simple: we could not prove the effect. However,they could not probe the invalidity,either. And we do not know the number of theheavy crime if government ban the death penalty. For these reasons, the government
said that it is better not to ban the system in japan.
There is so big different point about death penalty between Japan and any other country havealready banned. It is public opinion. In Japan, amount of 80% people agree on
survival. I think one reason for this is that religious beliefs play a role in the will of
the people. However, in the same year that every country moved to abolish the death
penalty, public opinion polls showed a close margin between those in favor of thedeath penalty and those opposed to it.
For these reasons, I am in favor of the continuation of the death penalty.

１

Introduction
The purpose of this research is to find an answer to the question , Japan needs the deathpenalty or not, based on examples from around the world. I was interested in thisresearch when I learned in my third year that there are about two-thirds of the world's
countries have abolished the death penalty. I was surprised to learn and there is aninternational tendency to abolish the death penalty. I decided to pursue this researchbecause I was interested in why the death penalty exists in Japan which is anadvanced country.

２ Discussion and implications
I researched mainly on the Internet. I also asked my school students about their thoughtson the death penalty. I also thought that more concrete solutions throughpresentations with senior students.

３ Conclusion
1 The Death Penalty System in Japan
In this section, I would like to write about the current legal status of the death penalty inJapan. The death penalty is stipulated as a punishment in Article 9 of the Penal Code,and the method of execution is specified in Article 11. Article 33 of the Constitutionof Japan states, " Torture and cruel punishments by public officials are absolutely
prohibited.” What is debated in Japan now is whether or not the death penalty
constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. The current government has interpreted
that this is not in the case. The problem with this argument is that the Constitution isso vague that it depends on the thinking of one's own self. In addition, there is the"general precautionary theory" as a legal approach. However, there is a view that it is
not effective as a deterrent in this regard.

2 Global trends
Now two-thirds of the world's countries, 142 countries, have abolished the death penalty.
Due to the fact that abolition of the death penalty is a condition for joining theEuropean Union. In addition, the United Nations recommends the abolition of thedeath penalty with international law and international human rights law. Thus, we
can see that there is a large movement to abolish the death penalty in the world. The
most common reason given for the abolition of the death penalty is that it isinhumane.

3 Changes in the nature of punishment due to modernization
Until the 3rd century, Christians acted by thinking of non-violence and were opposed to thedeath penalty because of the execution of Jesus Christ on the cross. However, thetheory of non-violence was changed and the theory of just war became the main. The
theory of just war is the modern term "public welfare,"It mean that war is acceptable
only for justice. Therefore, it accepted that the human rights of some criminals could
be violated for the sake of public rights. However, in the 19th century, the death
penalty was changed to the objective punishment because it was not appropriate as aretribution. In the 19th century, however, the system of capital punishment waschanged to a purposeful system because it was considered inappropriate as aretribution.

4 Geography of the Law
The movement to abolish the death penalty began in Europe, and has since spread to Africa
and South America. I focused on the relationship with religion this time. Many of thecountries that have abolished the death penalty have a large Christian population.
Countries in Europe, where Christianity first emerged, and countries in Africa andSouth America, where it was colonized and its culture was introduced so it tend toabolish the death penalty there. I believe that this is related to the teachings ofChristianity and Judaism. The teachings of these religions have an aspect of"salvation for sinners. Therefore, they often feel disgusted by the death penalty.

Therefore, countries that belong to these religions inevitably have no resistance tothe abolition of the death penalty.
In the case of Japan, however, I believe that the Shinto religion, which has been believedin animism, is stronger than the Christian religion. The teachings of Shintoism arecalled "animism," which is more of a belief in nature than in the salvation of people.
This is why the death penalty exists.

5 Japanese Public Opinion on the Death Penalty
According to the results of the Cabinet Office's "Public Opinion on the Death Penalty"
survey, about 80% of the Japanese people answered that the death penalty isnecessary for this country. The results show me that more than half of the Japanesepeople are in favor of the death penalty.
“When the culture of the nation is highly developed and a peaceful society based on justiceand order is realized, and when the public welfare does not require the prevention ofcrime by the threat of the death penalty, the death penalty must be rejected by public
sentiment as a cruel punishment.” This is why I believe that the death penalty shouldbe abolished.
For these reasons, I think Death Penalty is necesary in Japan.

４

References

死刑制度の存廃に関する議論の状況〔PDF〕」
http://www.moj.go.jp/content/000076135.pdf「世界における死刑廃⽌ - La France au Japon」
https://jp.ambafrance.org/article13707「死刑制度について（肯定派）」
www2.rikkyo.ac.jp/web/taki/contents/2009/20100118.pdf

「⽇本弁護⼠連合会」(1⽉20⽇)
https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/ja/publication/booklet/data/shikeiseido_yesno.pdf「死刑制度の在廃に関する主な根拠」(1⽉20⽇)
http://www.moj.go.jp/content/000053167.pdf「⽇本における死刑制度 | 執⾏⼿続や適⽤犯罪、廃⽌論などについて」< https://izumi-keiji.jp/column/houritsu-gimon/death-penalty>「死刑制度に関する資料」(1⽉20⽇)
http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_rchome.nsf/html/rchome/Shiryo/houmu_200806_shikeiseido.pdf/$File/houmu_200806_shikeiseido.pdf

Is It Better to Have the Death Penalty or Not?
~Thinking about Meaning of Death Penalty in Japan~
5211

Shun Moteki

Abstract
To join The European Union, the country have to ban the death penalty. Like this case, thenumber of country have already banned the death penalty and also world trends
become same. However, in Japan there is a system. I think about the meaning of theexistence and policy of the government at this time and I have to consider the public
opinion.
Death penalty is written in consitituton as a deterrence of crime but these days, some people
wonder the effect. The reason is simple: we could not prove the effect. However,they could not probe the invalidity,either. And we do not know the number of theheavy crime if government ban the death penalty. For these reasons, the government
said that it is better not to ban the system in japan.
There is so big different point about death penalty between Japan and any other country havealready banned. It is public opinion. In Japan, amount of 80% people agree on
survival. I think one reason for this is that religious beliefs play a role in the will of
the people. However, in the same year that every country moved to abolish the death
penalty, public opinion polls showed a close margin between those in favor of thedeath penalty and those opposed to it.
For these reasons, I am in favor of the continuation of the death penalty.

１

Introduction
The purpose of this research is to find an answer to the question , Japan needs the deathpenalty or not, based on examples from around the world. I was interested in thisresearch when I learned in my third year that there are about two-thirds of the world's
countries have abolished the death penalty. I was surprised to learn and there is aninternational tendency to abolish the death penalty. I decided to pursue this researchbecause I was interested in why the death penalty exists in Japan which is anadvanced country.

２ Discussion and implications
I researched mainly on the Internet. I also asked my school students about their thoughtson the death penalty. I also thought that more concrete solutions throughpresentations with senior students.

３ Conclusion
1 The Death Penalty System in Japan
In this section, I would like to write about the current legal status of the death penalty inJapan. The death penalty is stipulated as a punishment in Article 9 of the Penal Code,and the method of execution is specified in Article 11. Article 33 of the Constitutionof Japan states, " Torture and cruel punishments by public officials are absolutely
prohibited.” What is debated in Japan now is whether or not the death penalty
constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. The current government has interpreted
that this is not in the case. The problem with this argument is that the Constitution isso vague that it depends on the thinking of one's own self. In addition, there is the"general precautionary theory" as a legal approach. However, there is a view that it is
not effective as a deterrent in this regard.

2 Global trends
Now two-thirds of the world's countries, 142 countries, have abolished the death penalty.
Due to the fact that abolition of the death penalty is a condition for joining theEuropean Union. In addition, the United Nations recommends the abolition of thedeath penalty with international law and international human rights law. Thus, we
can see that there is a large movement to abolish the death penalty in the world. The
most common reason given for the abolition of the death penalty is that it isinhumane.

3 Changes in the nature of punishment due to modernization
Until the 3rd century, Christians acted by thinking of non-violence and were opposed to thedeath penalty because of the execution of Jesus Christ on the cross. However, thetheory of non-violence was changed and the theory of just war became the main. The
theory of just war is the modern term "public welfare,"It mean that war is acceptable
only for justice. Therefore, it accepted that the human rights of some criminals could
be violated for the sake of public rights. However, in the 19th century, the death
penalty was changed to the objective punishment because it was not appropriate as aretribution. In the 19th century, however, the system of capital punishment waschanged to a purposeful system because it was considered inappropriate as aretribution.

4 Geography of the Law
The movement to abolish the death penalty began in Europe, and has since spread to Africa
and South America. I focused on the relationship with religion this time. Many of thecountries that have abolished the death penalty have a large Christian population.
Countries in Europe, where Christianity first emerged, and countries in Africa andSouth America, where it was colonized and its culture was introduced so it tend toabolish the death penalty there. I believe that this is related to the teachings ofChristianity and Judaism. The teachings of these religions have an aspect of"salvation for sinners. Therefore, they often feel disgusted by the death penalty.

Therefore, countries that belong to these religions inevitably have no resistance tothe abolition of the death penalty.
In the case of Japan, however, I believe that the Shinto religion, which has been believedin animism, is stronger than the Christian religion. The teachings of Shintoism arecalled "animism," which is more of a belief in nature than in the salvation of people.
This is why the death penalty exists.

5 Japanese Public Opinion on the Death Penalty
According to the results of the Cabinet Office's "Public Opinion on the Death Penalty"
survey, about 80% of the Japanese people answered that the death penalty isnecessary for this country. The results show me that more than half of the Japanesepeople are in favor of the death penalty.
“When the culture of the nation is highly developed and a peaceful society based on justiceand order is realized, and when the public welfare does not require the prevention ofcrime by the threat of the death penalty, the death penalty must be rejected by public
sentiment as a cruel punishment.” This is why I believe that the death penalty shouldbe abolished.
For these reasons, I think Death Penalty is necesary in Japan.

４

References

死刑制度の存廃に関する議論の状況〔PDF〕」
http://www.moj.go.jp/content/000076135.pdf「世界における死刑廃⽌ - La France au Japon」
https://jp.ambafrance.org/article13707「死刑制度について（肯定派）」
www2.rikkyo.ac.jp/web/taki/contents/2009/20100118.pdf

「⽇本弁護⼠連合会」(1⽉20⽇)
https://www.nichibenren.or.jp/library/ja/publication/booklet/data/shikeiseido_yesno.pdf「死刑制度の在廃に関する主な根拠」(1⽉20⽇)
http://www.moj.go.jp/content/000053167.pdf「⽇本における死刑制度 | 執⾏⼿続や適⽤犯罪、廃⽌論などについて」< https://izumi-keiji.jp/column/houritsu-gimon/death-penalty>「死刑制度に関する資料」(1⽉20⽇)
http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_rchome.nsf/html/rchome/Shiryo/houmu_200806_shikeiseido.pdf/$File/houmu_200806_shikeiseido.pdf

Making the Environment Where We Can Give a Birth to Children Easily~Young People’s Pregnancy and Giving a Birth~
5213 HinakoAsami

Abstract
These days everyone attacks young people who are pregnant and they do not givebirth. Finally, they do aborthion. I do not know why they do that. I think it is not correct thateveryone do abothion. We have to be important in our life. Why do they do abortion? I thinkof three reasons. First, an environment where young people can grow up their children.
Second, everyone looks at them. Most people say that they can not come back to school
because of this. Finally, money. Most people under 20years old are students or workers. For
these reasons I suggest a school system where parents can go to school with their children.

１

Introduction
I agree that young people give birth but I think that they must have enough money togrow up. As you know, people who have children have responsibility. If people have allthings, they can be parents. However, I watched people attack a young entertainer who
published that they have a child. I was so sad. These days I hear that news people wait
maternity leave or do abothion because of not having money and not having time to grow.
However In fact, having children is happiness. It did not celebrate, so I think it is the one
way to have a child when you are young.

２

Discussion and implications
I think it is the one way to have a child when you are young. However, it is not easy.

I watched people attack a young entertainer who published that they have a child. An idol,
Tsuji Nozomi, was attacked by many people. She gave birth when she was 18 and married.
Everyone said to her it is play. People have some problems. According to the JapanObstetrics and Gynecology Association Medical Measures Committee, young people answer
the question why young people do abotion. There are 156,430 people do abortion and 41.6%
of people do abortion are from 20 years to 24 years. Also, 60.8% of people do abortion are
under 20 years. I was surprised and I think we should not slow the life of a baby and thesedays, COVID-19 was so influential. So many people can not continue Infertility treatment. It
has two reasons. First, everyone does not know what it can allow to go to the hospital.
Everyone was scared of COVID-19. In fact 18% of people infertility can not continue
Second, it costs a lot of money. They usually cost more than one million yen. And the numberof young people consulted is increasing because of COVID-19. In fact, some people cannot
give birth, if they want a baby. So I think they should not do abortion. 67% of respondents
answered money. In fact, we have to spend from 400,000 yen to 5,000,000 yen. Most people
are students or who have a lot of money. And 38.7% of respondents answered about schoolstudies. They can solve that system which was introduced in Australia. The system allows
children to go to school.
I suggest two things. First, I think we should have more places where we can consult.
I heard the news that young people were helped by the place. In fact, the number of who do
abotion is increasing because COVID-19. Young people have time to spend in the house.
According to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the number of people who consult
institutions is increasing 28 out of 32. Also, the younger people who are pregnant the more
do abortion later. Furthermore, giving birth was so tiring because of using both physically andmentally.
Second, we introduce the Australian system into Japan. The system that young people
who have children can go to school with their children. The system can be consistent withchild raising and school work. It can solve the three problems. First, people are worried
about the sight of people. Some people think they might attract people but everyone has achild in this school. And secondly they can consult about the same concern. If people go toschool, they can not consult easily. But this school has friends who have the same concern.
Finally, people can take care of a baby in your hand. Some people say I want to spend moretime with my baby. This school can solve it but I don't have any plan. For example, where itis built and when they come here, what success it can have. So I should think about it more.

3Conclusion
These days many young people are thinking about their pregnancy because of

COVID-19. It has three reasons. First, money. They do not have much money because they
are so young. Second, the environment. They do not know how their children grow up andhow they give birth. Third, they were so scared of the sight of everyone, so they did not go
school again. For these reasons I suggest two things. First, the school system allows children
to go school with their child. Second, the system of consultation with people.
４

References「厚⽣労働省

不妊治療と仕事のサポートブック」2017年6⽉9⽇〈「one more baby 応援団」＜

⼼配だからこそ知っておくべき 妊娠・出産の正しい知識 〜妊娠適齢期から考えるライ
フプラン 全４回 ①【男性編】 | ワンモア・ベイビー・ラボ＞〉(2021年6⽉20⽇)「⽇本産婦⼈科医会」〈
http://www.jaog.or.jp/lecture/1-%E5%A6%8A%E5%A8%A0%E9%81%A9%E9%BD%A2%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A4/(2021年6⽉20⽇)〉「内閣府」〈https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/w-2012/24webhonpen/html/b1_s2_1_4.html〉(2021年 6⽉20⽇)「家族と健康」2021年4⽉1⽇〈https://www.jfpa.or.jp/kazokutokenko/topics/001066.html〉(2021年7⽉3⽇)「不妊治療の実態に関する調査研究」2021年3⽉〈https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/000766912.pdf〉(7⽉11⽇)「0テレNews24」2021年7⽉16⽇〈https://www.news24.jp/sp/articles/2021/07/16/07907058.html〉(2021年7⽉17⽇)「NHK news web」2021年8⽉19⽇〈
https://www.google.co.jp/amp/s/www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20210819/amp/k1001321155100
0.html〉(8⽉20⽇)「東京都福祉保健局」〈
https://www.fukushihoken.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/kodomo/kosodate/josei/funin/shingata_korona.ht
ml〉(8⽉20⽇)「朝⽇新聞」2020年5⽉20⽇〈
https://www.google.co.jp/amp/s/www.asahi.com/amp/articles/ASN5G4TGNN5BUBQU001.ht
ml〉(8⽉20⽇)
辻希美『⼤好きな⼈と結婚した、その後』,講談社,2021年「普通の⾼校⽣だった私が16歳でママになって知ったことは、」〈
https://abema.tv/channels/abema-special/slots/E511U4hD3mchgK?utm_source=abematime
s&utm_medium=abematv&utm_content=&utm_campaign=abematimes_link_article_866616
5_ap_amp_free_slots_E511U4hD3mchgK〉(8⽉20⽇)
Hatena Blog 2018年8⽉31⽇〈https://high190.hatenablog.com/entry/2018/08/31/035253〉(8⽉20⽇)
unbニュース2021年7⽉21⽇〈https://www.google.co.jp/amp/s/www.uhb.jp/news/single.amp.html%3fid=21640〉(8⽉20⽇)
prtimes2020年8⽉18⽇〈https://www.google.co.jp/amp/s/prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/amp/p/000000757.000002943.html〉(7⽉13⽇)⽊⼾久美⼦, 中村仁志, 林隆,10 代の⼈⼯妊娠中絶および出産と抑うつとの関連,⼭⼝県⽴⼤学看護学部紀要,2004年＜https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/11920000/000779764.pdf

Use AI For Education~Providing Learning Suitable For Each Student~
5214 Yuka Omura
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide students with more efficient learning and reduceteacher work as much as possible by using AI in the field of education. To that end, I made aplan for learning methods using AI.
I mainly used the Internet to collect information, and I thought about three points. About
AI used in the learning field, how to teach using AI, and how to make up for the difference inlearning level that becomes larger than the current situation by learning using AI.
Also, investigated AI advanced countries in order to compare the world and Japan.
According to CROSS BORDER NEWS, AI advanced countries are countries where AI
research and AI education are advanced, and countries such as the United States, China, andthe United Kingdom are said to be "AI advanced countries".

1 Introduction
I am not good at studying. For example, in math, you can practice exercising right after
taking lessons, but when I study alone at home, I repeat the same problem over and over, orforget the formulas I learned that day, and you may feel that each person has a problem thatthey are not good at. For example, "Someone else told me about my previous problem, but
now I was told this."
In order to solve these problems, I would like to utilize AI in the field of education to
optimize individual learning. By achieving this, each student will be able to understand thestrengths and weaknesses of his or her learning, which may improve the academic ability ofthe student as a whole. After understanding the advantages and disadvantages of introducing

AI, I would like to propose a method that is easy to use in a place called a school.
We also believe that if AI creates questions for each proficiency level without a teacher, it
can save a lot of time and effort. The ultimate goal of this study is to provide students withefficient learning through AI-based learning and reduce teacher work as much as possible.

2 Discussion and implications
Using AI in the field of education has two major benefits: providing learning tailored toeach level and reducing the work of teachers. On the other hand, there are also disadvantages
such as widening the difference in learning level and cost when introducing AI. Based onthese, I investigated the progress of AI technology in Japan and compared it with the world.
In the United States, China, and the United Kingdom, which are called AI advanced
countries, efforts were being made to grow the country and utilize AI in various fields. On theother hand, Japan seems to be a little behind the AI advanced countries in terms ofdeveloping AI technology and utilizing it. However, I think it became easier to think about
what to propose by investigating how AI is used for education in AI advanced countries.
I proposed a learning method using technology and thought about how to solve theproblem of introducing AI. This time, I was able to understand the advantages anddisadvantages of introducing AI, and felt that I could realize the advantages of it in the fieldof education.
First of all, as a method of using AI in the field of education, I think that the merits of it
can be utilized by dividing the conventional teaching method and how to using AI.
Next, I will tell you about how to solve the problem of introducing technology. Among the
problems caused by using AI in the field of education, this study examined "the difference inlearning level widens". I believe that this problem can be solved by devising ways to utilizeAI.
I think there are various types of learning that utilize AI. I thought that the method ofusing AI that makes the best use of the part that the teacher cannot do is to make somethingthat suits the individual level in a short time. I wondered how this method could solve theproblems that each person is not good at studying mathematics. By utilizing AI, I think we
can create a collection of questions that suits each individual and provide guidance tailored toeach student's level.

Proposal of specific AI utilization method①
1. Learning the basics together→ AI is not used. Traditional lessons.
2. Exercises using textbooks and reference books.
→ Everyone studies the same questions. Measures basic proficiency.
3. From the questions solved in 2. creating a personalized question collection based on theanswer time of the wrong question.
→ AI will do it. As much as you can at your own pace.
4. Raise the level of the problem and repeat 2. and 3. steps→ Ask your teacher about any problems you do not understand.
This method suggests that the entire process be executed in a class. You can work on anumber of problems that we can do at your own pace in the class and ask the teacher on the
spot to solve the questions that arise in the class. You can understand what you are not goodat, and AI will automatically select the problem and overcome your weaknesses. By doing so,
you will know which part you should concentrate on when studying for yourself, and you will
be able to study efficiently.
Proposal of specific AI utilization method②
1. Learning the basics together→ AI is not used. Traditional lessons.

2. Exercises using textbooks and reference books.
→ Everyone studies the same questions.Work on what the teacher has specified in advance.
3. From the questions solved in 2. creating a personalized question collection based on theanswer time of the wrong question.
→ AI will do it.
4. Work at home on the issue created in 3.
→ You can do it at any time OK.
Another idea is to work only on the issues specified by the teacher at the class. Thus, if
you have any questions about a particular question, ask your teacher and answer.
By doing so, you will be able to overcome your weaknesses and learn at your own pace.
According to AI Smiley (2021), such learning methods are actually being introduced in
educational settings. The system in which AI provides learners with effective learning
methods is called adaptive learning.
I do not think it is good to have the AI perform every step of the class. The reason may bethat using AI does provide efficient learning. However, I think it is necessary to value therelationship between teachers and students. It is not possible to build a relationship in a shortperiod of time. Classes are the place where we are most closely involved in the school, where
they spend more than 7 hours in a day. Therefore, leaving all class time to AI may interferewith school life. Based on this, I thought that this proposal would be able to utilize both thegood parts of AI and interpersonal communication.

3 Conclusion
I was able to propose individual optimization of learning, which is my research purpose. I
am interested in the field of education, and I am glad that I was able to study in that field.
One of the motivations for me to start this research is the "COVID‑19" that is prevalent allover the world. This gave me the opportunity to think that it is important not only to do thejob given, but to work in a way that solves the problem ourselves. Looking at the examples ofcompanies that utilize AI, I found that technology is also used in places that are most familiar
to students, such as “education sites”.
In this study, it was not possible to come up with a solution to the cost, which is one of thedisadvantages of introducing AI into educational settings. I would like to collect information
on AI used in education and propose opinions to actively consider the introduction of AI.
Also, I would like to increase the ideas for learning using AI.

4 References[1] CROSS BORDER NEWS（2019-04-09）「AI先進国はどこ︖先進的な取り組みに⽇本は追いつけるのか」
https://cross-b.jp/blog/1273 2021年1⽉8⽇[2] VERTEX INNOVATION TOOL BOX（2018-03-30）
ベルテクスAI／INNOVATIONSOLUTIONチーム「海外の教育現場で活⽤が広がる「AI教師」による学習サポート」
https://www.vertex-itb.com/single-post/ai-tutor

2021年1⽉8⽇[3] ⼩宮⼭利恵⼦（2018）「諸外国におけるAIを⽤いた教育の現在と課題」『コンピュータ＆エデュケーション』VOL.45 17-22⾴[4] デジタル・ナレッジ「AIの進化で教育はどう変わるのか︖〜『教育 × AI』のインパクトとメリット・デメリット〜」
https://www.digital-knowledge.co.jp/product/edu-ai/edu-ai-merit/

2021年2⽉12⽇

[5] AIsmiley（2021-04-29）
AIsmiley編集部
介」「AIを教育に活⽤するメリット・デメリットとは︖導⼊事例を紹https://ai-products.net/11637/what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-ai-for-education/
2021年8⽉13⽇[6] Qure（2019-09-03）「【アメリカ】AIを活⽤してITスキルをアダプティブラーニング」
https://www.qure.jp/2019/09/03/%E3%80%90%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%
E3%82%AB%E3%80%91ai%E3%82%92%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8%E3%81%97%E3%
81%A6it%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%82%92%E3%82%A2%E3%83%
80%E3%83%97%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%96/ 2021年8⽉13⽇[7] SankeiBiz（2019-05-16）
中国新聞「中国、ＡＩで学習状況分析「スマート教育」時代へ」

https://www.sankeibiz.jp/macro/news/190516/mcb1905160500003-n1.htm 2021年8⽉13⽇[8] 東洋経済（2018-05-18）
ロイター「中国の学校が教室に｢AIカメラ｣を置くワケ」

https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/221412 2021年8⽉13⽇[9] ROBOTEER（2016-12-28）
河鐘基開発」「教育界に朗報!?

ロンドン⼩学校に「AI数学教師」が登場…インド企業

https://roboteer-tokyo.com/archives/7220

2021年8⽉13⽇[10] TechCrunch Tokyo 2021（2021-05-24）
testuo kanai「⽣徒の習熟度に合わせ難易度を調整するAI学習システム「Monoxer」

を中国語教室「waysChinese」が本格導⼊」
https://jp.techcrunch.com/2021/05/24/2021-5-24-monoxer-waychinese-fully-introduce/
2021年8⽉13⽇

How to Stop Birth Rate from Declining~How to Simplify Child Raising in Society~5215 Goto Sara

Abstract
Recentry, the declining birth rate and aging population has progressed in Japan. The
measures of child care support have little effect. The cause of declining birth rates have somereasons. I think the root cause is that society is not enough for working women. ManyJapanese have fixed concepts. For example, women should have housework and childcare,men should have to work hard for their families. People who raise children are being
mentally pressured. Not only women but also when raising children.All child-raisinghouseholds should be supported by society, so I suggest that we make a paradigm shift in thenation’s fixed concept through the media. Also, I wanted people who are having trouble
finding a nursery-weblio to let their children learn about self help childcare.

１

Introduct
Japan has record lowest record every year, and people afraid of the infection of

COVID-19 makes it harder to have a child, so the government is aiming for the realization of
the Minister in Charge of Promoting Dynamic Engagement of All Citizens. That helps tomaintain the economy. Also they reform the age of retirement, and hire workers fromoverseas, but I think it is an emergency measure which compensates current workers. If Japan
exists in the future, children need to be born and raised.

２

Discussion and implications
We have to work and earn money to live when we grow up, and If we earn money, we

should have to payment of taxes, which is used to maintain inflation. It is necessary foreconomic activity with raising taxes. Gender equality is needed now when the workstyle andway of life is diversified. Women's advancement in society is progress compared to the past.
Society of academic background promotes the women work outside and earn income that
increases the degree of freedom women's opinion flict in society. In 1986, The Equal
Opportunity Law was made. That objective is to ensure the opportunity and treatment.
During a few decades, Japanese society has greatly changed. However there are someworking environments which still have old thinking. Ithink people's awareness leaves
somewhere in changing their lifestyle everyday. Eventually, our fixed concept is rooted.
During the war, men went to the battlefield, momen protected children and homes. When thesecond baby boom generation, men were working hard, women took care of their children.
Their children reached that they become their parents. We can understand that in movies orbooks at that time. The children believed these thoughts, but right now Japan is very different
from before. We can educate everyone, women able to go to college, going to vote and they
could work the same as men. In spite of society becoming gender equality, That old thinking
is said to be high worldwide. That connected the increase in the unmarried rate and decline in
the birth rate. Looking for an overseas example in northern Europe Which is natural to takecare of children further and they should take childcare leave. On the other hand in Japan, theword "Ikumen" is used to fathers who take care of children. That is caused by the lack ofgood environments reising children, it costs more money than expected. People who are
working with raising children should have to think about where the place takes care of theirchildren and the company which is able to take childcare leave.but rather than people who
leave their children at nursery school are working with raising children.
What should children be like, I believe that children need to be more valued and live inhappiness now that the birth rate is declining. The adults who worked in society werechildren. Even if the period and the environment is different, they would think about whatchildren should be like through their childhood. Right now everyone is the best one can dofor their own lives, however, I think in the future, we should take action for childcare support.
We have to work to live and leave their children anywhere. There are a lot of other problems
that can only be understood by those who raise children. I wonder if women's voices reallyreflect government policy on childcare support, and in spite of that, they had a lot of troubleraising their child, their children raised up and became an adult, they did not involve
childcare. I think that causes the nuclearization of the family. I think the hardship of childcare
is the same in every age. However, in Japan, the thinking is strongly rooted that mothers
should struggle. Right now, Japan's child care workers are in shortage. Salaries are low andheavy responsibility. Increasing parents who work with childcare need to leave children
somewhere.That means more and more childcare workers are in shortage,and the number ofchildren they should take care of is increasing. If the childcare worker is in shoutage,
children could not play with full energy. It is needed to prevent their injuries. I think that is anegative impact for children on gowing. It is difficult to find to built nursery school,becausesome people complain about children's voices. Why would they say such a thing? I think they
may not have much opportunity to come in contact with children, so I think it needs tointeract with nursery schools and around adults, children can be connected to society

３

Conclusion
Modern mothers have physical fatigue and mental fatigue. I think reform of sense isnecessary for reising Japan's increased birth rate. That attempt should be done through not
only school but also region and society. One of the conclusions is a paradigm shift of national
fixd sense through the media to support the whole child care household. The nursery school iscalled `Noge Kazenoko’ running with the local government. They do not have facilities andchildcare workers so their children get together and play in parks, public facilities and riverterraces, children taken care of their parents. This advantage is very flexible to makedecisions. They have discussed only parents. The second conclusion is widespread self child
childcare for the household who have trouble in where the children leave.
Issue
This research issue is not clear to see like an old fixed concept, so I do not know if that
conclusion is really effective. This research is a reference example. Actually there are more
people who trouble in personal problems than I thought.
４

References〈https://mainichi.jp/articles/20210604/k00/00m/040/145000c.amp〉

「2020年の出⽣率は1.34

5年連続低下 出⽣数は過去最少」(2021年6⽉4⽇)〈
https://www8.cao.go.jp/shoushi/shoushika/whitepaper/measures/w-2004/html_h/html/g12100
00.html〉「第2章

なぜ少⼦化が進⾏しているのか ⼦育て本部 内閣府」（2021年6⽉4⽇）「フランスはどう少⼦化を克服したか」
https://thinktank.php.co.jp/voice/6519/

著者

髙橋順⼦（2021年７⽉14⽇）（2021年8⽉22⽇）

欧⽶モデルの少⼦化対策から脱却せよ
https://president.jp/articles/-/45525?page=1｢⼦どものいる⼥性のほうが､幸福度が低い｣少⼦化が加速するシンプルな理由「this is japan」著者

ブレイディみかこ（2021年8⽉25⽇）

To Solve the Traffic Jam by Road Pricing~Make a Stress Free Sightseeing~

D5216

Name Kobayashi Yuko

Abstract
Traffic jams are a big problem in the world. London and Singapore are traffic jam was
improved by road pricing. I guess Cordon pricing, Area pricing and some ways merit anddemerit. This time I think I will introduce road pricing for sightseeing spots. Especially“Kansai”was a gathering of many sightseeing spots. The study purpose is to solve the traffic
jam and make stress free sightseeing.

１

Introduction
These days traffic jams are a big problem. Many areas in the world have poor traffic

condition. In the Tom Tom Traffic index, published every year by Tom Tom, a Dutch map
information company. Osaka has been ranked in the top 60 (top 20 in Asia)every year for thein the past three years. Kobe also ranks high, though not as high as Osaka. Traffic congestion
also causes major economic losses which are said to amount to about 12 trillion yen in total.
Traffic congestion is also a obstacle for tourist spots. Traffic jams by the large number of cars
and buses that enter the area. Many people have had the experience of having theirsightseeing time reduced due to traffic jams that pushed them back from their scheduled
time. The reason why I choose the Kansai region is because there are many traditional tourist
spots such as temples and shrines as represented by Kyoto and Nara. So I thought that
reducing traffic jams would be increase the number of tourists and increase theirsatisfaction.

The purpose of study
To solve the traffic jam by road pricing.

The ways of study
Gather information on the status of road pricing and it consideration in Japan.
HP of Kamakura City and Tokyo Metropolitan Government Bureau of Environmen.t
Cities such as Singapore and London.

２

Discussion and implications
About the implementation of road pricing in Japan. Road pricing was conduct

on a trial test on the Metropolitan Expressway for the Tokyo Olympics in 2021. As a result,traffic jams on the Metropolitan Expressway were reduced by up to 90%. This result showme that Road pricing can reduce traffic jams in Japan.

As for the status of road pricing in Japan, Kamakura City is considering the introductionof Kamakura Road Pricing (tentative). The purpose of Kamakura Road Pricing (tentative)
is to improve traffic jams and recover the living environment of citizens. It will be
implemented not throughout the year but on weekends and holidays when congestion is high.
In 2020, a request for technical support was sent to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport and Tourism, and the project is going smoothly now.

There are three main types of road pricing billing methods: codon pricing, area pricing,and mileage billing. In cordon pricing, vehicles entering a certain area are charged. The
advantage of this type of pricing is that it only requires a checkpoint such as a gantry on theborder of the area which is superior to terms of cost and probability. The disadvantage is that
there is no charge for travel from within the area to the within area and no charge for travelfrom within the area to outside the area.So there is a lack of fairness. Area pricing charges forvehicles that travel within a certain area. The advantage is that all vehicles within the area arecharged making it fair. The disadvantage is that it requires a more complicated charging
system than cordon pricing. The traveling distance charge is the same as the area pricing of
the charging method. The advantage is that it is fair because it charges for the traveling
distance. The disadvantage is that a system that can measure the distance must be installed in.

London Case Study
The system was introduced in London in 2003. The U.K. adoption of area pricing. It
was introduced to reduce traffic jams and improve bus traffic. All vehicles, except
emergency vehicles and motorcycles are capacity to use the system. Hybrid and electricvehicles receive a 100% discount but they must pay a registration fee. The area covered
about 2,000 square kilometers.We have to buy a permit to enter the area by Internet or store.
Then the camera checks our number plate and compares the car which had bought the permit.
The charge is a flat rate of 10 pounds per day for all types of vehicles. The fee is 10 pounds,
or about 1,250 Japanese yen. The revenue is used to improve public transportation. Traffic
congestion has been improved and buses are now more punctual.

Case Study of Singapore
In order to improve traffic jams in urban areas, cordon pricing was introduced in 1975.

Initially purchased tickets were attached to the windshield but in 1988 ERP (Electronic
Road Pricing) was introduced in which a pre-charged IC card is inserted into the on-board
machine and the money is withdrawn wirelessly when the driver passes through the gantry.
The system covers the city center (7.25㎢) and six expressway routes. The rates are generally
updated every 30 minutes and fluctuate. The amount is lower than that of area pricing. In
addition the system uses ANPR which automatically reads number plates to prevent
unauthorized traffic. If a car is not equipped with an in-vehicle machine or if the IC cardbalance is insufficient the license plate will be read and a fine will be charged at a later date.

Examples of Distance Charging
In Germany a distance charge has been applied to heavy goods vehicles. This wasintroduced in 2004 to ensure the maintenance and construction costs of the Autobahn and topay for the infrastructure costs appropriately. There are two charging methods: one is to pay
ata terminal or over the Internet. The other is to use GPS to measure the distance traveled.
The EU has issued a directive on the billing of heavy goods vehicles and among themember countries. The disadvantage is that a system that can measure the distance must be
installed in.

Failed Cases
In the Netherlands, the introduction of congestion pricing was considered as a way to
reduce congestion and increase revenue but it was not realized due to political distrustchange of government and lack of public understanding of the scheme.

A Study of Road pricing
As for the disadvantages of cordon pricing. It is not fair because there is no charge fortravel within the zone or from within the zone to outside the zone however the example ofSingapore shows that the disadvantages are covered by installing many gantries. In
Singapore, many gantries are installed. The distance charge system is not good for tourists
and populated areas because it requires a device that can measure the distance traveled.
Cracking down on wrongdoing is also difficult unless the distance traveled can be measured
byGPS. It is necessary to set a slightly higher rate when area pricing is applied. In the exampleofLondon, the fee was about 1,250 yen. If you don't set a high price, it will not be very effective
because you can drive freely in the area for a day if you charge a price. It is important to set
an appropriate price. So that the hurdle for entering the area is neither too high nor too low. In
order to apply cordon pricing, it is necessary to install a lot of gantries like ERP or a device
that recognizes cars on the border between the outside and inside of the area. Since we arefocusing on a tourist area, we cannot install anything that would destroy the view. Therefore
it would be desirable to install a camera that automatically reads number plates. Looking at
theexamples of failures when introducing road pricing shows that is necessary to make sure thatcitizens understand the details of the scheme. It is important to hold explanatory meetings to
avoid leaving citizens in disbelief. It is also important to explain the use of the revenue fromroad pricing in an easy-to-understand manner but since the purpose is to improve traffic
congestion. So not too much emphasis on revenue.
３

Conclusion

It is clear from the examples of other countries and the results of road pricing for the 2021
Tokyo Olympics that road pricing will improve traffic congestion. Even though the purpose
is road pricing to reduce traffic jams, it also leads to environmental benefits. The revenue canalso be used to pay for infrastructure maintenance and repair. This can be a way to attract
more tourists.
I would like to recommend Kansai as a place where road pricing can be doing. The reason
for this is that Kansai has many tourist attractions such as temples and shrines in Kyoto andNara prefectures and Osaka and Hyogo prefectures have thriving commerce and attract many
people. If the number of people using public transportation increases through road pricing,sightseeing by large buses will be smoother and the city buses will be more punctual. In
addition the revenue from road pricing can be used to reduce fares on city buses, to pay forrepairs to temples and shrines, to cleanup the landscape. Therefore the introduction ofroad pricing is necessary.
４

References

A survey of road pricing 1986年
2021/04/28
TomTom Traffic Index – Live congestion statistics and historical data 2021年
2021/06/16
京都における ロードプライシングの検証
2021/09/01 The test of road pricing in Kyoto
鎌倉市交通計画検討委員会・専⾨部会 （仮称）鎌倉ロードプライシングについて
2021/09/09 About Kamakura road pricing(tentative)
ロンドンのロードプライシング
2021/09/09 Road pricing in London
諸外国における⾼速道路料⾦の動向 2011年
2021/09/10 Trends in Expressway Tolls in Other Countries
LTA | Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) 2011年
2021/09/10

2021年

https://www.express-highway.or.jp/info/document/rpt2010006.pdf 2010年
Road pricing in Europe
2021/09/12
⾸都⾼渋滞最⼤９割減 ロードプライシング影響か

2021年

2021/09/14 News article of road pricing reduces traffic congestion on the Metropolitan
Expressway.

Food loss in Japan~Promote Food Sharing in Japan ~5218 Arisa Takabayashi
1.Abstract
About 1.3 billion tons of food, equivalent to one-third of food production worldwide, iswasted every year in developed countries. Wasting food costs a lot of money to burn andemits a large amount of carbon dioxide. Thus I think it needs to be solved immediately. Foodsharing is a more and more widespread reduction measure, especially in Europe now. In
Japan, there is a food-sharing application called TABETE and Cocooking Corporation whichruns TABETE, has implemented a practical experiment called Rescue Deli at airports andstations.This is a system that sells surplus food collect and buy more cheaply to employees atairports and stations when stores close. I suggest combining the application and the deli andplacing it at stations and airports. I want to compare food sharing between Japan and
Denmark.
2.Discussion and Implications
According to data from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (In 2019), theamount of food waste in Japan is 6.12 million tons. Food waste emits large amounts ofcarbon dioxide during disposal, so food loss not only wastes food but also has a negative
effect on the environment. For these reasons, I felt that food loss is a problem that needs to besolved as soon as possible. The causes of food loss in Japan can be divided into two maincategories, business-related food loss and home-based food loss. According to the Ministry ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2019), business-related food loss is 3.28 million tons andhome-based food loss is 2.84 million tons, so I have focused my research on business foodloss.

When I knewthat food-sharing applications were spreading in Europe, I looked into a food-sharing
application called TABETE which is popular in Japan. However, according to the reviews of
TABETE, it has some problems. There are no stores near the customers that can use theapplication and there are no stores in the area where the customers live. (TABETE
Application store preview review, as of April 24, 2021) Therefore, I wanted many people touse the application efficiently.
Cocooking company runs a rescue deli at airports and stations. The system is buying
surplus food from all stores there when stores close and selling it cheaper for employees. As aresult, "In the past three demonstration experiments, we have succeeded in reducing food loss
by approximately 4.3 tons over a total of 177 days, mainly at Gransta Tokyo, a commercial
facility in the area of JR Tokyo Station. In addition to the reduction of food loss, it has also
led to a reduction in disposal time and disposal costs for the stores where the system wasintroduced, as well as a high level of satisfaction among station employees.”(PRTIMES,
March 11, 2021) Although it is still in the demonstration stage and only targets employees ofthe facility. So I thought that if rescue delis would do for everyone, not just workers, theeffect of reducing food loss would increase considerably. Thus I thought it would be a goodidea to set up a deli corner in a station or a convenience store. This is because stations areused by many people of all ages. Also, convenience stores are open 24 hours a day, 7 days aweek, and the amount of food loss is higher than in supermarkets. Moreover if stations andconvenience stores could collaborate with TABETE and send out information to consumers
through the application, it can collect people’s attention for the activity. In addition I suggest
making lunch boxes from surplus food at stations and convenience stores and sell them there.

3.Conclusion
As the results of the Rescue Deli demonstration have shown that this system can also
reduce the time and cost of disposal at each store in the station. I proposed that theapplication would provide customers with information on what items Rescue Deli stores are
currently selling and how much it is. I think it makes the Rescue Deli activity more accessible
to customers. I would like to think of a proposal to spread the concept of "TABETE" andRescue Deli to both consumers and sellers in various stores in the future. In Denmark, there isalso a service called "Magic Bag", which is a fun way to buy some food with the contents tobe enjoyed after opening the package. I think it would be even better if we could incorporate
this kind of service. However, there are still some issues that need to be addressed, such as

the fact that I haven't had a chance to visit CoCooking directly and ask them questions, andthe deli is still in the demonstration phase and I don't know the app and the corporation’splans in the future. There is also the issue of hygiene to arrange and serve surplus food. For
these reasons, I would like to do more research by comparing successful examples of foodsharing overseas.
Reference
・『PRTIMS ,2021年3⽉11⽇
功したため

実証実験で東京駅の約4.3トンのフードロス削減に成史上初 駅において“施設従業員向け”フードシェアリングサービス「TABETEレスキューデリ」本格運⽤開始︕』
https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000117.000034286.html（2021年4⽉6⽇）
・『TABETE App store プレビュー⼝コミ,2021年4⽉24⽇時点「TABETE 」をApp
storeで』https://apps.apple.com/jp/app/tabete/id1392919676』(2021年4⽉24⽇)
・『⾷品ロス削減関係資料

消費者庁消費者教育推進課』〇ごみ処理事業経費

環境省「⼀般廃棄物の排出及び処理状況等について」,令和元年７⽉11⽇版
https://www.caa.go.jp/policies/policy/consumer_policy/information/food_loss/efforts/pdf/effo
rts_190711_0001.pdf(2020年9⽉16⽇)

図表『PRTIMS、2021年3⽉11⽇.史上初 駅において“施設従業員向け”フードシェアリング
サービス「TABETEレスキューデリ」本格運⽤開始︕』(2020年5⽉3⽇)
https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000117.000034286.html①実証結果について＜実績＞

実証実験 第1回

実証実験 第2回

実証実験 第3回

2020年

2020年

2020年

1⽉14⽇〜2⽉14⽇

4⽉1⽇〜5⽇

8⽉11⽇〜12⽉28⽇

販売⾷数

約1,800⾷

約420⾷

約5,700⾷

ロス削減量

約1,000㎏

約270㎏

約3,100㎏

実施期間

Learning Music with Game Music~Innovation in Musical Education~
5219 Yuzuki Tokudome
Abstract
The research until last year showed a problem that high-level musical education
institutions are located almost only in Tokyo, but when compared to the abroad ones, thefurther problems of Japanese musical education were found out. Especially in elementary andsecondary schools, the majority of the problems are lack of varieties, unbalanced contents,
and disagreement between the purpose and the reality. These indicate that Japanese musicaleducation does not match the levels of each individual and also their standards themselves are
not mature enough. Considering this, this research suggests introducing a new material toschools. The product is available on the Internet for free because ICT, or information
communication technology, education is attracting more attention in recent Japan. It contains
game music, which is used as background material in games, in order to connect itself withreal-life music pieces, putting importance on the ease of operation and effective,simple
visuals which are found in existing music-learning software.
１

Introduction

While my research last year suggested providing music-learning software for freewith those who want to learn music, this research has found through the comparison between
Japanese and foreign music education that there is not only a mere economic disparity but
problems about elementary and secondary education, which are basic to music-learning.
Therefore, this research aims to introduce a new material with game music to schools in order
to come closer to a better Japanese education.
２

Discussion and implications

The purpose of Japanese music education is a cultivation of aesthetic sensibility,
according to Japanese guiding principle, whereas that of European music education is music
itself. Despite this, classes are still a passive learning style where one teacher is in charge ofmany students, and they put too much emphasis on technique, evaluating their students byfigures. Besides, in Europe music is taught from various perspectives, on the other hand inJapan it is divided into only two categories, that is, expressions and appreciation, where
teachers are apt to teach in an unbalanced way depending on their field of expertise. In short,
it became clear that Japanese music education does not match the individual needs and also
its standard itself is immature, causing a disagreement between the purpose and the reality.
Throughout the investigation of existing two music-learning materials, Chrome MusicLab and Musictheory.net, both of them have several kinds of merits and demerits.
First, Chrome music lab is described as

” a website that makes learning music more accessible through fun, hands-on
experiments”(「Chrome music lab」〈https://musiclab.chromeexperiments.com/〉(2021/3/5))
and as they say, it consists of some Experiments independent from each other and the feature
is its colorful and simple user interface and intuitive operation. However, most of them aredifficult to associate with real-life music because of the simplicity, ending up being theextraction of one factor of music. One of the Experiments, Piano Roll, is the only one wheresome pieces of classical music is taken advantage of, but this is a mere visualization of musicby using blocks and it can be used to learn nothing logical but sequences or motives, orunderstand intervals and harmonies visually. In addition, it is also a problem that few
explanations are given in the entire material.
Next, Musictheory.net is a material where music theory and various contents ofmusical grammar are covered comprehensively. It is composed of a lesson section and apractice section: the former is a mixture of animation of music score and explanation text, thelatter enables students to solve questions where music score and musical instruments areused, and even practice solfeggio. Thus, the contents differ from Chrome Music Lab in many
ways. It is available online for free and also a paid offline version is provided. However, thecontents are so high-level that it is hard to introduce it to elementary and secondary stages
even if it can in high schools and universities. In the first place they are all written in English,
so it seems to be hard to be used in Japan unless teachers can break them down to theirstudents.

３

Conclusion
Considering these facts, it turns out that our material requires the ability to adjust tophased demands, well-balanced practices and explanations, and fun learning experiences.
Thus, game music, which is easy to use as material, has got to be taken advantage of in ourmaterial in order to meet the criterias. The term “game music” indicates music used as
background music. The merits of game music compared to classical music are roughly thefollowing ones.
First, the simplicity of structures. Game music often repeats the same phrases, orquotes or variates melodies from another piece of music from the same game or the sameseries of games. This is suitable for learning how to variate melodies and how melodies
which indicate specific person or thing, or leitmotivs, exist in music. Plus, game musics,
mostly pieces of music in Nintendo Family Computer period, are characterized by theirimpact on us with a minimum number of sounds, so they are appropriate for learning
harmony and getting a good idea of the roles of harmonies in music pieces throughcomparing different pieces where the same melody is played in common.

Second, the abundance of pieces. More and more music pieces are used in one gamethese days; for instance, the latest Mario series game ”Super Mario Odyssey” has as many as
136 pieces while the Nintendo Fami-com version ”Super Mario Bros.” has only about 10
pieces. Now this scale of games are created all over the world. When considering the merits
aforementioned, the number of choices of which to introduce in music learning material
would not be inferior to classical music.
Last, the familiarity. Game music itself can be considered being loved and well-liked
widely when we get about 11.2 millions of hits by searching the words “Youtube gameBGM”
on Google.
Our material, which was developed based on these facts, is separated into practice andlesson modes, introducing game music. In the lesson mode, illustrations appear as well as
Chrome Music Lab in order not to be too complicated and difficult to understand, and phrasesof game music are also used. The practice mode has not been completed yet, but it is
supposed to use phrases of game music adequately as questions and to be operated easily just
as you play a video game. Furthermore, it has both Japanese and English translations in order
to be uploaded to the Scratch community that is accessed worldwide.
The further tasks are to discuss the practicality of this product and how to disseminate
it to the public, and also to make it clear what matters in standardized education.
In the end, we would like to add that these materials are just a supplement to theclasses and not a substitute for teachers, which produce multiple possibilities of its utilization.
４

References

・「Chrome music lab」〈https://musiclab.chromeexperiments.com/〉(2021/3/5)

How Ballet Should Be In Japan?
〜Better For Ballet Dancers〜
5221 Natsuki Hagiwara
Abstract
Although ballet is from Europe, the Japanese ballet population is increasing rapidly.
Today, in Japan, about 400000 people are enjoying ballet. There are 10000 ballet schools inJapan, too. Ballet is getting more popular. However, there are three big problems which I
have found. It is necessary to find out these problems to make Japanese ballet better.
First of all problems is about the teaching license. Ballet is now popular in Japan, but thelearning system is not enough yet. Japanese ballet teachers don’t have to get the license toteach ballet although it is needed in almost all other countries which are known to be popularin ballet. Second problem is that Japan has no national ballet school now. In other countries,
there are famous national ballet schools and their students can take high level lessons at low
cost. In contrast, learning ballet in Japan is very expensive. Therefore, in Japan, there must be
many talented children who cannot begin ballet because of its high cost. Third, Japaneseballet dancers’ working environment is not so good. Their income is so low that many
Japanese dancers are doing part time jobs to live. Also, they do not have good benefits. They
cannot concentrate on only dancing.
I suggest three solutions for these problems. First, all Japanese ballet teachers have to get ateaching license. If they have it, all students in Japan will be able to take fair and high levelballet lessons. Second, Japan should build national ballet schools. If that happens, morechildren can learn ballet at low cost. We will be able to find hidden new talents, too. Finally, I
think establishing an entertainment agency for ballet dancers will help them to get a lot ofjobs and earn more money.
For future tasks, I should think about how to realize these solutions and find more
information about this theme to enrich the basis of this study. However, there is a littleinformation about the present condition of Japanese ballet now. I think it is also important toenhance the information in order to make it easier to know the problems of it for more
people. I want them to be interested in ballet.

１

Introduction
I started dancing classical ballet when I was 4 years old, and I am still enjoying it now.

This year, I decided to set the theme about one of my favorite things, ballet, because I wasinterested in the present situation of Japanese ballet, and I wanted to do something to make itbetter. Because my ballet career is about 13 years, I have had a lot of chances to hear about
the serious problems about today’s Japanese ballet. Therefore, through this study, I looked for
as many of Japan's problems related to ballet as possible, researched those problems deeply,
and found out the solutions using the Internet, books, and previous research. Also we might
be able to have the chance to ask people working for ballet companies as our school event. I
want to get lively information about my study at that time.

２

Discussion and implications

Present Condition of Japan
Although ballet is from Europe, the Japanese ballet population is increasing rapidly.
Today, in Japan, about 400000 people are enjoying ballet. There are 10000 ballet schools inJapan, too. Ballet is getting more popular.

Today’s Problems
There are three big problems which I have found. It is necessary to find out these
problems to make Japanese ballet better.
First of all problems is about the teaching license. Ballet is now popular in Japan, but thelearning system is not enough yet. Japanese ballet teachers don’t have to get the license toteach ballet although it is needed in almost all other countries which are known to be popularin ballet, such as France, Germany, Russia, and the U.K. Because of this situation, in Japan,
there are a lot of big and serious differences between one school and others.
Second problem is that Japan has no national ballet school now. In other countries, there
are famous national ballet schools and their students can take high level lessons at low cost.
In contrast, learning ballet in Japan is very expensive because we have to pay a monthly feeof course, and also we need expensive shoes and clothes though they are usually free innational ballet schools. Additionally, it costs a lot to take part in ballet competitions,especially in foreign countries. Therefore, in Japan, there must be many talented children who
cannot begin ballet because of its high cost.
Third, Japanese ballet dancers’ working environment is not so good. Their income is so
low that many Japanese dancers are doing part time jobs to live. Also, they do not have good
benefits like holidays, insurance, and so on. Under these circumstances, they cannot
concentrate on only dancing.

３

Conclusion
I suggest three solutions for the three problems. First, all Japanese ballet teachers have to

get a teaching license. If they have it, all students in Japan will be able to take fair and highlevel ballet lessons. Second, Japan should build national ballet schools. If that happens, morechildren can learn ballet at low cost. We will be able to find hidden new talents, too. Finally, I
think establishing an entertainment agency for ballet dancers will help them to get a lot ofjobs and earn more money.
For future tasks, I should think about how to realize these solutions and find more
information about this theme to enrich the basis of this study. However, there is a little
information about the present condition of Japanese ballet now. I think it is also important toenhance the information in order to make it easier to know the problems of it and increase thenumber of people who are interested in ballet.

４

References「⽇本のバレエ⼈⼝は世界⼀」
https://ameblo.jp/miraidoor10/entry-12238773470.html「⽇本のバレエ教育環境の実態分析」
https://www.tosei-showa-music.ac.jp/balletresearch/albums/abm.php?f=abm00004246.pdf&n=%E3%80%8E%E3%83%90%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A8%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E3%
81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%B
F%E6%9F%BB2016%E3%80%8F%E8%AA%BF%E6%9F%BB%E7%B5%90%E6%9E%9C.pdf「⽇本のバレエ教育における現状と課題」
https://eys-kids.com/art-college/ballet/media/91「⽇本のバレエ界の問題点」
https://balletnews.info/2016/05/10/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9C%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E3%83%90%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A8%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3%E3%
82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%81%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B6%E3%83%B
3%E3%83%8C%E3%81%A7%E6%B4%BB%E8%BA%8D%EF%BC%9F/「バレリーナの給料、年収」
https://careergarden.jp/ballerina/salary/Protect the Animal from poaching~Read to Them and Eliminate the Demand~
5222

Saki Fukushima

Abstract
Animals are extinct every day.This is happening all over the world, and it is estimatedthat 40,000 species will become extinct in a year.At this rate, the food chain would notwork.It has a negative impact on our lives.And the causes of extinction vary.For example,
environmental collapse, forest fires, poaching.I focused my research on poaching.There aremany animals that have been negatively impacted by poaching, but I am talking about theAfrican elephant.As a solution to this problem, I decided to compile a book about Africanelephants and read it to a large number of children in an institution.

１

Introduction
Why did I decide to research the issue of African elephant poaching?Because I felt serious

about the declining numbers of endangered species.The rate of extinction was one species
per thousand years two million years ago, one species per four years two hundred years ago,and now four million species per year.This is very serious, because once the species is
extinct, it cannot be created by human power.
If the number of animals decreases, it will affect the ecosystem of all animals on the earth
and jeopardize the survival of humans.

There are examples of how extinction has affected

people's lives.
In some areas of the U.S wolves have been wiped out and the number of deer has
increased, destroying fields and preventing the harvest of plants.

I knew I could not go on like this.And I want to keep the creatures safe.

２

Discussion and implications
There are many endangered species. That is why I decided to do a detailed study of theAfrican elephant, for which there is a lot of specific research material available.
In recent years, I have learned that the lives of African elephants are being taken bypoachers. This is three percent of the number of elephants killed 100 years ago. This number
is still increasing at a rate of one elephant every 15 minutes, and an African elephant is dying
as a result of poaching. The reason for this is the ivory that can be extracted from the tusks of
African elephants. Ivory is used as an accessory or decoration, but most of it is used as sealmaterial. Japan imported 14,000 pieces of ivory, or 1.85 million tons, in one year last year,
and with China is tough crackdown on ivory imports, there is a good chance that it could
become a new market. Although there is a certain crackdown on ivory in Japan, it is not as
strict as it is overseas, and the fact is that the number of imports is increasing every year
because it is often allowed to be brought in easily. There are about 8,000 stores in Japan thatdeal in ivory, and it can be said that Japan needs to take the serious situation seriously.This is
Why do we need to reduce the amount of ivory coming into Japan? For this reason, I need to
I know from my childhood that ivory is something that should not be bought. In this way,poachers will not be able to sell ivory and African elephants will not be killed.

３

Conclusion
We need to reduce the demand for ivory.If demand is eliminated, there will be no more

African elephants to lose their lives.For this purpose, I would like to propose a project inwhich students draw a picture book about African elephants and read it to children, in
addition to a project in which they teach children that ivory should not be bought by children
by reading a picture book called "Lema, the Boneless Elephant," which I saw on the Internet
site Tears of an African Elephant.This year, due to the coronavirus, it was not possible tohave a storytelling session at a children's home. We also had to change the way we do things,
such as using a remote.I see this research as being directed at all living things with a future.

ecology0055
４

gakken kids net

References【１】TEARS OF THE AFRICAN

ELEPHANT

https://www.taelephants.org/index.html【２】WWF japan
https://www.wwf.or.jp/activities/project/4292
All reference above is viewed on October8,2021

To Raise Awareness of Organ Transplantation~To Use Debate and Social Networking Sites~
5223 Hikari Makino

Abstract
Currently, there are about 15,000 people in Japan who wish to have an organ transplant,
but only 2-3 percent of them are able to receive an organ transplant in a year. This is a very
low percentage. Therefore, I came up with two proposals to encourage everyone in Japan tomake a decision on whether or not to consent to organ donation.The first proposal is to holddebates about organ transplant in school classes, and the second proposal is to use mass
media and social networking sites. I would like everyone to have a discussion with theirfamily and make their own confident decision.
１

Introduction
Currently, there are about 15,000 people in Japan who wish for organ transplants.

However, only 2-3% of them are able to receive an organ transplant in a year. According to
the website of the Japan Organ Transplant Network, organ transplant means "the treatment ofpeople whose organs have lost their functions because they get a serious illness or haveaccidents by replacing them with healthy organs from other people. The decision to donate or
not is very important for not only you but also your family.
However, according to the website of the Organ Transplant Network, the percentage of
people who have discussed organ donation with their family is 35.4%. This is a very low
percentage. Furthermore, the percentage of people who have made a decision to donate
one’s organs is very low at 12.7%.

Therefore, I came up with two proposals not to increase the number of people who wish to
donate their organs but to make an opportunity for discussion with families and encourage
everyone in Japan to make a decision about whether or not to donate their organs.
２

Prosal and implications
The first proposal is to add school lessons on debate about organ transplant. Concretely,

we hold debates about organ transplants on parents’ day. The topic of the debate is " Do you
agree with organ donation?” According to the website of the All Japan Debate Federation,
debate means a discussion in which the participants are divided into affirmative and negativesides in order to persuade the judges.
There are two main reasons why I decided to use debate. First, debate divides us into
affirmative and negative sides without our own intentions, so we have to consider not only
the arguments and evidence of our own position, but also the arguments and evidence of theother side in order to persuade the other side and judges. Secondly, debate is a kind of active
learning, so it is a very good activity to develop logical thinking skills. Furthermore, thereason why I chose to have the debate on parents’ day is because we want the parents toparticipate in the debate as judges and learn about organ transplants and have the opportunity
to talk about organ transplants at home.
However, it is very difficult to carry out this proposal. Therefore, I came up with aproposal that we can carry out, such as cooperation with the mass media and the use of social
networking services. Concretely, we will ask the mass media for cooperation to report aboutorgan transplants to promote understanding of the correct knowledge of it. In addition, we
can use social networking accounts to raise awareness, some people do these activities,
however, none of them is famous.
Therefore, I propose new ways which use mass media and social networking sites. In
concrete detail, I make the day when we think about organ transplants and express one's
opinion on the 16th of every month, based on the Green Ribbon Day on October 16, a day to
discuss life with family or other important people. Nowadays, mass media and social
networking sites are essential and the most familiar tools for all people, so I want people tobecome more interested in organ transplants to decide a day.

My two proposals are based on the Spanish Model, which is the Spanish policy for organtransplantation. The Spanish model is divided into seven sections, and I based my proposal
on two of the sections: "A good education program for medical professionals" and"Cooperation with mass media. Spain is one of the countries where the number of organ
donations is the highest in the world. According to a graph on the Japan Organ Transplant
Network's website, the number of organ donors around the world in 2008 was 0.77 per
million people in Japan, but Spain's donor rate was 48.00 per million people, which is muchhigher than Japan's rate.
The reason why there is such a big difference between Japan and Spain is that Japan has asystem of "OPTING IN" which means that organs are donated only if the donor has
expressed his or her intention to donate before death or if the family agrees to the donation.
However, Spain has a system of "OPTING OUT," which means that transplantation is
performed regardless of the people's decision. There are big differences between Japan andSpain, but there are many things that Japan can learn from this Spanish model.
３Conclusion
So far, I have given my own suggestions for raising awareness of organ donation, but themost important thing is to get the right knowledge about organ transplant and what you want
to do. If your family member dies of brain death or heart failure, it is important to be clear
about what you want to do and what decision you will make.
Instead of trying to make everyone agree to donate their organs, I think it would be better
if everyone could make a decision and as a result, more people would agree to donate. This isbecause one's body is one's own from start to finish and belongs to no one but oneself. Thereis freedom in how to die, like there is freedom in how to live. I hope that everyone can find away to be satisfied with their life and end their lives. And I hope that as many people aspossible will be saved.
４

References

・「Japan Organ Transplant Network」（12th, Septemder）〈https://www.jotnw.or.jp/〉

・「System Format and Economic Basis for Transplant Organ Procurement in the UnitedStates」（12th, Septemder）〈http://nrichd.ncchd.go.jp/MONTHREPT/bunken/enosawa2_14(2)07.pdf〉
・「Organ Donation Promotion Systems in Many Countries」（12th, Septemder）〈https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jst/48/1/48_006/_pdf〉

To Develop Human Resources Who Can Respond to Globalization throughEnvironmental Design~Provide a Place to Generate Creative Thinking~5224

Rika Maruhashi

Abstract
I decided to do this research because I thought about what kind of environment would begood for cultivating imagination and creativity, and then I wanted to make it myself. By
creating a better environment, I thought that I could improve the efficiency of my daily workand learning, and help to make new discoveries and create something new. Therefore, I tried
to make the office design with software with reference to the design of the Seto SOLAN
school that I was very interested in. I would like to further develop this idea and I want it to
be useful in the future.

１

Introduction
I have learned in long English sentences that our concentration and creativity change

depending on the color of the room and the environment we spend in. Also, in another article,
he mentioned that our creativity and ideas themselves would develop by working in a placewith something rare and a new environment. Then, I was interested in what kind ofenvironment was required and decided to do this research. I study at the SDGs businessschool as an external activity personally and I talk to Japanese people and foreigners throughvarious events. I learn new things every day by changing opinions with the entrepreneurs I
met there, even in private. The entrepreneur trains many people of all ages, but he says that itis necessary for entrepreneurship and new business development to have a lot of experience,
receive new stimulation on a daily basis, and tell many people himself. Today’s society
requires innovative and global human resources. Therefore, I thought that having the ability
to adapt to society is the first step to becoming a person needed in this era, such as thinking

from a different perspective, coming up with something that no one thinks about, creating
something , and doing things from a variety of perspectives to work at the company, to start
new projects and to study. I wanted to be able to enrich such abilities while staying indoors.
However, at present, it is not possible to talk directly to friends and acquaintances, or to visit
museums and learn from them in order to prevent COVID-19 infection. Therefore, I decided
to use online to ask my friends who are engaged in SDGs activities and social contribution
activities, and entrepreneurs who often talk with me about my research. I think it would begood if we could continue to use online conferencing systems such as zoom, communicate
with many people remotely, and have more opportunities to come into contact with various
opinions and ideas. However, the main means is the Internet. I decided to go to the homepage
for related information that I found on Twitter.

２

Discussion and implications
The Information on Twitter that inspired me to do this research is a post from anelementary school called SOLAN school. The design and photos of the school’s facilities
were new, something I had never seen in a traditional school. So, it was very impressive. It
seemed to be a form of freedom, not a general form of “school”. Looking only at the facility,
it feels a little different from the atmosphere of studying. The elementary school where I
spent my childhood had a desk, a chair, and a blackboard in the classroom, and it was a placethat was easily associated with the word “school”, just “to work hard at studying”. Therefore,
I thought that I might not be able to concentrate on studying compared to conventional
school, but when I looked at the school’s homepage, Seto SOLAN school was designed by
Takaharu Tezuka who is famous all over the world, and I found that each thing had an
intention. The school has a classroom, Davinci-Labo, and a music room. I would like tosummarize the points that I was particular about the classroom and Davinci-Labo. The
classroom has a high ceiling and is separated by a movable whiteboard and curtains insteadof doors, so it is an open space. Movable desks can be rounded or lined up to suit the lessonand can be changed to various layouts. Also, Davinci-Labo is like a technical room in a
general school. They can create a variety of things, from handicrafts to video biased images

using videos and modeling using 3D printers. There is also a computer room next to theroom, so they can spread their opinions and their work on the Internet. I am very interested inbeing able to send what was created by the original ideas of elementary school students to theworld. From now on, global human resources will be needed, so I think it will be possible forelementary school students to become the main players in the future by coming into contact
with the global world.

３

Conclusion
In this way, I found that design is the most important factor in improving children’s

education and imagination in the environment at school and one facility. So, I tried tovisualize the office room I thought of using IKEA’s design software. It is also the purpose ofthis research, I would like to explain what I have devised in terms of ideas and creativity withthe created figures. First of all, regarding the entire room of ①, the door was removed and thepartition was a glass partition. Each place is separated according to the purpose, but since thepartition itself is transparent, you can feel the atmosphere of the entire office and a sense ofunity. I thought that communication can be facilitated in an open space rather than a closed
space. I also placed plants throughout the office. There is a reason. I found research resultsthat stress substances were reduced by spending 20 minutes in an environment with plants
and an environment where you can feel green. A substance called “phytoncide” released byplants has the functions of reducing stress hormones, stabilizing blood pressure and heartbeat,and prioritizing parasympathetic nerves. In addition, green has a relaxing effect because thecolor that enters the eyes is mild and the eyes do not get tired easily. Increasing the green
vision rate leads to stress reduction and concentration improvement, which can be expected to
improve performance and increase intellectual productivity in fields that require creativity.
The room is mainly white and the color doesn’t interfere with anything, so I thought I could
cherish my ideas at my own discretion. And ➁ was a place for group discussion . I put aplace for each group and individual because we always need both in business. A cork board
and a whiteboard were also set up so that opinions could be gathered and materials could be
posted while having group discussions. Also, it is easy to create a sense of unity within thecompany, and it may be possible to maintain a bright atmosphere by creating a community inthe middle of the room. And about ③, it is a space where two people can talk. I think there
are some things that I do not want others to hear, so by creating this space, I can reduce theconsideration of those around me and concentrate on the conversation. On the other hand, ④
is a personal space. I think it is effective when you want to concentrate on your own. As longas I am in this room, I can not be completely alone because there are people, but I think thatis why I can maintain a moderate sense of tension and motivation, so I decided to install it in
the same room. Also, you can work while posting tasks by installing a whiteboard, it will be
more efficient. And finally ⑤. Entering the room, there is a large whiteboard on the left and awall -mounted board on the right for installing disinfectants. The whiteboard can be usedeffectively, although it can be used in various ways, such as checking the schedule of the day
after going to work, writing messages to communicate, and writing opinions.
These are the results of this study. These is still not enough ingenuity in terms ofthings and materials, so I would like to further develop these and proceed with research sothat it can be realized in the future.

４

References

HOME | 瀬⼾SOLAN⼩学校 (seto-solan.ed.jp)

The Recent Status of African Education and The Effect of Edtech~To Increase The Understanding of The Primary Education~

5225 Miyazawa Yusa

Abstract
Recently,the importance of education is becoming more popular. In Africa, however, thequality of education is very low because of the shortage of teachers and schools. This study
explained the necessity of introducing the EdTech system to African education. Edtech willrealize personal and cooperative studying. Also, it reduces the labor for teachers. In addition,
the size of the African continent is very large and it is difficult to build enough schools forevery student who lives in Africa, so using EdTech is a better way to give a chance forstudents who cannot go to school now to take classes. Introducing EdtTech can make theenvironment that every student in Africa can take the classes at schools, and at home, and it
will be helpful for improving the achievement that students in Africa will be able to reach.

1 Introduction
Now 59 million children around the world could not go to school, and 32 million childrenof them were biased to Sub Saharan Africa. When I knew it, I became interested in African
education. The quality of education is poor in Africa, so the understanding of primaryeducation is lower than other regions. Also, the number of teachers is not enough to teach all
children in Africa. Teachers in Africa have to teach 40 students at most, but according to
UNESCO, teachers should teach 25 students at most to provide comprehensible classes.
Furthermore, according to unicef, African children have to walk an unimproved road for along time to go to school, and take classes that the teachers are not willing to teach. Also, in
2013, only 6.3% of third grade students could achieve the study level which they have tomaster until third grade of elementary school. I think it is important to use EdTech which is
gradually becoming more famous now. Therefore I provided the importance of introducing
Edtech.

2 Discussion and implications
EdTechIncreasing the opportunity to take easy to understand classes is essential to improve thequality of education, and EdTech will realize that. EdTech is a term that comes from the
combination between education and technology. EdTech is becoming popular for businesses,
services, and start-ups that bring innovation to the education field. In other words, using
EdTech means using devices such as computers and smartphones in education to improve theunderstanding of classes.

Merit of EdTech in Africa
EdTech has three advantages, called tripleA, Active, Adaptive, Assistive. Active means it
realizes independent and collective learning. Students can research about what they areinterested in and express their thoughts using technology. Adaptive means it gives education
which is fit to each students’ level of study. Assistive means it allows people to connect
people in far and also to increase the teacher’s work efficiency, which makes time forteachers to provide children with more comprehensive lessons. In addition, it will solve theshortage of teachers because EdTech makes it possible to provide lessons which were shot as
a video,or other countries’ trained teachers teach. It is problematic to build enough schools in
Africa because Africa is a very large continent and has a lot of mountains or uphills anddownhills, so making the environment that students do not have to go to school every day isessential to decrease the difficulty to take classes.

How to use EdTech

Next, I mention how to use EdTech effectively to improve the ability of students. Only
learning at home, they cannot interact with other people, which is necessary to grow, and in
the society. Also they cannot take P.E. class to make them healthier. Then it is also necessary
for them to directly interact and take classes at schools. Therefore the government shouldmake the system that schools and EdTech are used together. In concrete terms, they should go
to school twice a week, and other times, they study at home while helping their families.

3 Conclusion
In conclusion, using EdTech in Africa has merits to increase the understanding of primaryeducation. The system that Africanchildren have to go to school twice a week and the othertime they study at home will help them to study more comfortably and to take the classes
which are easier to understand. However, it is difficult to make the internet systemsufficiently in Africa, and they do not have enough knowledge of using technology, but theplan to build sea cable, which was announced by facebook, already exists, and the importanceof developing Africa is becoming famous. So the difficulty of making the internet system
may be solved. And if there are guidelines for edtech, African students can use it easily.
Therefore Introducing Edtech is as necessary for African education as building the schools.

4 References
JICA （2021/6/16）
https://www.jica.go.jp/activities/issues/education/SMASE-WECSA/approach.html
https://www.jica.go.jp/mobile/hiroba/program/practice/education/materials/jhqv8b000005wd
9w-att/2_1.pdf

JICA（2020/12/3）

https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12245551.pdf

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,Science and Technology Major recommendations on
school education(especially compulsory education)（2021/8/10）

https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chukyo/chukyo3/gijiroku/04053101/007/001.htm

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

Educational ICT guide book2020/12/14）
https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000492552.pdf

unicef（2020/11/2）

https://www.unicef.or.jp/news/2018/0155.html (2021/8/15)
https://www.unicef.or.jp/sfa/report/reason.html

５Bibliography

Education Career （2021/4/28）
https://education-career.jp/magazine/career/2018/what-is-edtech/
Edusys(2021/8/15)

https://www.edusys.co/blog/edtech-disadvantages-and-advantages

digital nowledge(2020/2/15)

https://www.digital-knowledge.co.jp/edtech/

unicef | education field（2021/8/15）

https://www.unicef.or.jp/about_unicef/about_act02.html（

The Effectiveness of Foods To Prevent Migraine~What Is a Diet That Suppresses Migraine Pain? ~5226 Miyamura Riho

Abstract
Now, according to the Mainichi Newspapers, there are 8 million migraine patients inJapan. One of the main treatments is drinking drugs. However, the drugs that have a strong
effect are not freely available to buy, so when you want the drugs, you need to go to thehospital. And drinking drugs also causes a headache. According to Dr.Takeda, Migraines
cause bad conditions in their life. On the Internet, the migraine patients had better not eat
cheese and chocolate, wine, etc. In other ways, they had better eat spinach, beans, andalmonds etc. My experiments are that I tried to eat these foods weekly when I have dinner,and not to eat a meal.
My outcomes of experiments are that cheese and chocolate cause more headaches, andspinach and soybeans were not caused by strong headaches. Therefore, My suggestions arethat people should eat more spinach and soybeans, also they have three meals a day. My idea:
make spinach into a paste and crush soybeans because It is easy to eat.

１ Introduction
For these reasons, I decided to focus on food. because recently the number of people whohave migraines has increased in the world. In Japan, 8 million people have migraines. In theworld, 1 billion people have this. I have had a migraine too since I was 13 years old. My
doctor said it is caused by lifestyle. Many people have this issue. On the internet, many foods
cause headaches. Foods have a lot of vitamins. If these foods are good for our health, wewant to eat more. Eating foods is easy for us , and Eating foods is an important activity in ourlives. And if we can solve the problem with food, it won't cost us much.
Migraines have been countered mainly by medication. However, medication is expensive.
Also, many people don't go to the hospital.

２ Discussion and implications
According to Prevalence of Migraine in Japan: a nationwide survey, 72 percent of
Migraine people said that it is prevented with their daily life. Actually, many people whohave migraines do not go to the hospital.
My experiment is that I eat some kinds of foods, spinach, soy beans, seaweed, almond,cheese, chocolate, cocoa. I eat them every day a week.

This experiment's conclusion is that spinach and soybeans have good effects of migraine.
Eating spanish and soybeans, the pain of headache was decreased, and headaches havebecome less frequent.But cheese and chocolate have bad effects. Eating chocolate and cheese,the pain of headache increased, and I felt nausea.
According to the Matsumoto Medical Association website, there is a relationship between
migraines and nutrients, and a lack of magnesium or iron can cause migraines.According tothe Headache University website, 30-50% of migraine patients are deficient in magnesium.
Magnesium deficiency is closely related to the development of migraine. Migraineurs often
experience stress-induced magnesium depletion. They need to eat foods that contain moremagnesium than healthy people.According to the Headache University website, taking 400
grams of magnesium daily can reduce the frequency of headaches.
It is important to eat foods rich in magnesium and iron every day.According to the Dietary
Reference Intakes for Japanese (2015 edition), the dietary reference intakes for magnesium
are 260 grams for girls and 300 grams for boys aged 15-17. The dietary reference intakes foriron are 8.0 grams for boys aged 15-17 years 7.0 grams for girls during non-menstrual
periods, and 10.5 grams during menstruation.

３ Conclusion
My conclusion is that let's eat spinach and soy beans, and we have to eat three times a day.
Also, My suggestion would be to make a paste of the spinach. That way, you can use it in avariety of dishes and never get bored of it. However, I do not research other ingredients. so I
want to try them.

４ References[1] Taisho Pharmaceutical 「Can you prevent headaches by changing your diet? Let's findthe right way to prevent headaches for you!」〈https://brand.taisho.co.jp/contents/naron/detail_300.html〉(March 12, 2021)[2] Saiseikai Social Welfare Foundation ｢Migraine｣(2013)https://www.saiseikai.or.jp/medical/disease/migraine/#:~:text=%E7%89%87%E9%A0%AD%E7%97%9B%E3%81%AF%E3%82%BA%E3%82%AD%E3%82%BA%E3%82%AD%E
3%81%A8,%E5%A4%9A%E3%81%8F%E3%81%BF%E3%82%89%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E7%97%87%E7%8A%B6%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%80%82(March 12, 2021)[3] General Social Corporation Matsumoto Medical Association (2019) 「Relationshipbetween migraine and nutrients」
https://www.matsuyama.ehime.med.or.jp/info/dictionary/14597.html(March 12, 2021)

[4] Headache Online「What is a headache ? 」(Mach 12, 2021)

https://zutsu-online.jp/headache/about.shtml[5] Health topics 「How to Deal with Migraine」

http://www.kagoshima.med.or.jp/people/topic/H16/184.htm(March 15, 2021)[6] Ministry of Health Labor and Welfare「Dietary Intake Standards for Japanese」(2015)

https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/04-Houdouhappyou-10904750-Kenkoukyoku-Gantaisaku
kenkouzoushinka/0000041955.pdf[7] Headache College 「Magnesium」
http://zutsuu-daigaku.my.coocan.jp/kusuri/k_magnesium.htm(March 22, 2021)[8] Health Nihondo of Medichinehttps://k-nihondo.jp/gold/column/%E6%88%90%E5%88%86/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8D%E3%83%A
9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B0%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0%E3%81%AE%E9%A3%9F%
E3%81%B9%E7%89%A9TOP100.html(March 22, 2021)

Solving Foreign Worker Problems~Aiming to Create a Fair Working Environment~
5227 Yamakawa Hina

Abstract
In all ages, there are a lot of management problems in Japan. According to theJapanese management association, there are three main problems now. First is “Earning
improves”, Second is “strengthening human resources” , Third is “Expanding market share”.
I referred to the efforts of large companies and venture companies which are getting attention
now to solve these three problems. Then I found one common effort. It is that these famous
companies are hiring many foreigners actively. Hiring foreigners has a lot of advantages. For
example, Foreigners may not only help solve the Japanese workforce shortage, but also they
help create new ideas by different values foreigners naturally have. I think that this effort
will help to reduce three problems. However there is a big problem about foreign workers. I
would like to search this problem.
１

Introduction
Do you know the management problems of Japanese companies? There are a lot ofmanagement problems in Japan, but especially there are three major problems now. I
decided to make a proposal that can solve all three of these issues as my research goal.
２

Discussion and implications
The method of research is to refer to the efforts of successful large companies andventure companies. The reason is that I thought successful companies had already solved
these three issues and these companies' efforts will help my research. Also I searched not
only large companies but also venture capitalists because I wanted to help various types ofcompanies.
For large companies I chose “TOYOTA '' and “HONDA '' because these two companies ofprofit were first and second place in Japan. And for venture companies, I chose “MERCARI”
and “RAKUTEN” because these two companies were mentioned as famous and attention
companies on many internet sites.
As a result of researching the efforts of these four companies,I found one company
that is actively accepting foreigners. To put it simply, “TOYOTA '' is accepting a lot of
foreigners, not only new graduates but also mid-career recruitment to grow human resources
who are likely to be an exec of production bases around the world,and it is trying to increase
foreigne managers. Also it conducts large scale training for foreigners. “HONDA'' has a
special selection course that is for international students,so foreigners feel free to apply to thecompany.
“MERCARI” adapts many foreigners. 90% of the new graduate engineers areforeigners.Also it installed a support team called 「GOT」for foreigners, and thanks to theteam, foreigners feel free to work. Last,”RAKUTEN”`s official language is English topromote globalization.Also it made a recruitment home page written in English, so foreigners
can apply to the company actively.Like this, I found that successful companies are positively
accepting of foreigners. So I suggest all Japanese companies should accept more foreigners tosolve these issues.
However I found one big problem with this proposal. It is foreingn worker
problems.Japanese work style is regarded as a big problem now,but especially , foreingn
workers are forced to do more bad things than Japanese such as long working hours, low
wages, unpaid wages, bullying and power harassment. Regardless, there are a lot of merits toaccepting foreigners such as securing human resources,getting new values, advancing
globalization etc.. I think these merits will help to solve Japanese management problems.
Then why is this problem happening? The main reason is the difference in the way of
thinking and culture. This difference causes stress for workers, and occurs trouble. It seems
that foreigners are not familiar with the Japanese view of labor, such as not being able toleave the office until the boss returns. In addition, although it is transmitted to Japanesethrough unique communication such as “SONTAKU”, Japanese people may not be
understood unless they tell them “clearly” when talking to foreigners. I thought suchdifferences create a sence of discomfort, discrimination, and stress, leading to bullying,power harassment, and labor problems.
３

Conclusion
Then how can we reduce the troubles caused by differences in culture and the way of

thinking. I had an opportunity to talk with “RECRUIT”, so I looked into the company. Then I
found that “RECRUIT”values the corporate culture of “respect for the individual”, andlearned something called “DEI” related to the culture. DEI（Diversity Equity Inclusion）
means to value evey difference between people. Recruit Group recognizes the differences andrespects different opinions regardless of class, race, color, gender, language,religion, gender,
age, property, disability, etc. I think that the promotion of DEI would eliminate the foreign
workers problems. Therefore I believe that DEI should be spread more in Japan. I would liketo think about a concrete way to spread it from now on.
４

References

・⼀般社団法⼈⽇本能率協会

KAIKA研究所（2020）「⽇本企業の経営課題2020」

https://www.jma.or.jp/img/pdf-report/keieikadai_2020_report.pdf
・外国⼈採⽤HACKS
https://recruit-guide.jp/
・2020年

東証⼀部

売上⾼ランキングhttps://strainer.jp/markets/%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E9%
83%A8?column=revenue
・厚⽣労働省「外国⼈雇⽤状況」の届出状況のまとめ（令和2年10⽉末現在）https://jsite.mhlw.go.jp/kagoshima-roudoukyoku/content/contents/2021-0129-1_1.pdf
・厚⽣労働省「外国⼈雇⽤状況」の届出状況のまとめ 本⽂（平成29年10⽉現在）
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/04-Houdouhappyou-11655000-Shokugyouanteikyokuhakenyuki
roudoutaisakubu-Gaikokujinkoyoutaisakuka/7584p57g.pdf
・総務省統計局

第１就業状態の動向 1労働⼒⼈⼝

https://www.stat.go.jp/data/roudou/sokuhou/nen/ft/pdf/index.pdf

The Shining World Owing To Education For Women~Importance of women education~
5228 Rin Watanabe
Abstract
Last year, I learned about gender problems in developing countries. Then, I found that
there are gender discrimination which deep-rooted even now. Women in developing countries
have no choice but to resist. There are four problems. I focus on human right discrimination.
There is a big gap between advanced countries and developing countries. I think it is the mostimportant that there are no differences between them because people are all the same. So I
suggested four attempts to save the lives of women in developing countries. When I
continued researching about gender discrimination, I found that education is a key to solve
the gender discrimination. So I advanced research about girl’s education by learning from
Ms.Malala Yousafzai. She won the Nobel peace prize in 2014. I respect for her because shenever give up even if she risks herself.

１

Introduction
This research applies for 3 SDGs goals. 4 Quality education, 5 Gender equality, 10

Reduced inequality. It is very difficult for women in developing countries to get enougheducation. Also, many people there think that girls should not be educated. There aremany girls who want to study, but they cannot. And bad conditions have emerged indeveloping countries. Boys can go to school and get education, but girls cannot. I think there
should be no inequality between girls and boys, and also people or countries. We must make

it clear that girls cannot go to school, and encourage girls to get education.
My research question is “What should the world do to provide more education for women
all over the world?”
Therefore, many studies about girls' education have been done since I started researching.
Some researcher studies why girls in developing countries cannot go to school and get
education.And they probably know why these problems happened, but they do not have any
solutions. Even if they suggest that they solve this problem, it is very difficult to realize orless meaning. So I decided to study about this problem basically, and I will suggest as manysolutions as possible that we can do.
First, I research about girl’s education in developing countries on the Internet. I studied
about gender discrimination in developing countries last year, so I have some knowledge
about it. I want to make use of what I did last year. Then, I would like to do some activities
that can contribute even a little.

２

Discussion and implications①gender problems
There are mainly four problems there. One problem is inequality of education. It can beseen especially in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, the literacy rate of women is much
lower than that of man. And basically, it is male donated for everything. Second problem is
economic disparity. No country has a higher average estimated income for women than men,but the differences are becoming larger in developing countries now. Third is genderdifferences between people with 23 complications of the HIV human immunodeficiency
viruses such as AIDS. Women are overwhelmingly more infected than men. In sub-SaharanAfrica, there are many infected people about 7% of men are infected, while about 21% ofwomen are infected. Because there are many people who are called sugar daddies and people
who give grace (Existence of older men dating young women using their financial resources).
Fourth is human rights disparity.
Women are suffering from many damages of human rights violation such as humantrafficking.

②four suggestion
I propose four initiatives to protect the lives and health of women. Because I found that it
is a very high mortality rate in developing countries. One of the main problems is humanresources development. I think it is very important that fostering community healthpersonnel, training for young people in Japan, dispatching and accepting instructors. Second
is the community network. It will be able to improve the quality of pregnant women. Third isfacility improvement. I found that there are so many expectant and nursing mothers. It is very
important to take care of them in childbirth and postnatal to reduce maternal monitaly. Now,
many women in Africa and South Asia unable to receive medical care because they do nothave much money. Fourth is supported by recycling. Clothing is very valuable for people
living in rural areas of developing countries with low income. UNIQLO, a major fashion
brand, is doing this. It will be an opportunity to receive medical services and health careservices. And it leads to improvement of reproductive health. Reproductive health is thethinking of individuals, women especially have the right to make decisions about pregnancy,
childbirth and contraception. Also, it is “health” and “rights” related to reproduction.
Although these two things are not separated clearly, “health” is “Safe and satisfying sex life.”and “Safety childbirth.”, “rights” is “Freedom to decide whether or not to have children, andwhen and how many.” and “Rights to access information and receive much services ofreproductive and sexuality.” Not only medical services, but also gender equality, population
problems and bioethics it includes. So I suggest four attempts to save the life of women indeveloping countries.

③Ms.Malala Yousafzai
I focused on Ms.Malala Yousafzai who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 at the age 14,
then advances my research. In the world, there are 130 million girls who cannot go to school
and get an education. It is not standard that girls can go to school. Ms.Malala said,“Investigating in girl’s education helps world prosperity and benefits everyone.” She did somany things to save the lives of girls. She continues to advocate for the importance of girls'
education. I think that there are a lot of things which I can learn from her belief.
“Malala Yousafzai, who was shot in 2012 for opposition to the Taliban's crackdown on
women's education in her native Pakistan, has become an international symbol of the
struggle for education for girls. In 2009, Malala began talking about her growing militaryactivity in her local town and her fears of attacking schools on her pseudonym blog. Malalacontinued to appeal for her right to education with her father, Jia Woodin, even after her
identity was revealed.” (source from United Nations Information Center)In 2008, the town where Malala lived was suppressed by the Taliban, and prohibit womeneducation. The Taliban hate women learning opportunities and discrimination of women is aalso one problem. The Taliban’s theory is “Womens are to be protected and must be guarded
at home.” Malala blamed them.
Malala did so many things to save women's education. I focused on two things she did.
One is established as “Malala Day '' on July 7th. United nation decided July 7th that Malaladay, because she stood up to the world and raised her voice that all children have the right tostudy. Because of the day, many people remember to Malala’s achievements and importanceof women education on Malala day. The other one is “Malala foundation.” In 2013, she andher father increase awareness of importance of the impact of girls education on society andthe economy. Then they launched the Malala foundation. The purpose of it is women canseek changes. And they make a strong effort for activities to spread women's voices.
Like this, Malala did so many things, and is doing to give girls education even now.
First I saw her on TV, I was very impressed because it is incredible for me that a girl whose
age is not far from mine. Not only Malala, but also some teennager activing. I will continue
make an effort and I want to be like them in the future.

３

Conclusion
After I learned about women education by Ms.Malala Yousafzai, I considered what should

we do for women in developing countries, also cannot go to school and get education. I
suggest three ideas that we can do.
One is to volunteer. Because it’s a COVID-17 now, to go to developing countries and help
them is too difficult for us. But I want to volunteer when COVID-19 is gone. There are many
volunteer activity in Japan. We can find many volunteers on the Internet. Second is to donate.
We can donate in different ways. If we donate for developing countries, we can support
support activities include health, nutrition, water and sanitation, education, protection fromviolence and exploitation, HIV and AIDS, emergency assistance and advocacy. Why don’t
you start donating with only one yen. Third is to know. I think it is the most important thingof all. It is very easy to know about developing countries. In the world, there are many
countries which are hard to live that we can’t consider. We can research about countries inpoor anywhere, anytime. So I think the most important thing is to know the reality indeveloping countries. I also think that I don’t want to go to school, but I must remember that
there are many children in the world who want to go to school but cannot. Thank you for mycurrent environment and saving the place of children’s education.
From now on, I continue studying about girl’s education in developing countries. And I
want to suggest a structure for changing the girl's education system. I will propose something
way to change this bad situation. Studying is the first step to change it. Let’s know!

４

References｢The amazing half-life of the youngest Nobel Peace Prize laureate Malala Yousafzai.｣<https://www.businessinsider.jp/post-106137> (2021/9/17)｢Women’s education in the world:Three reasons why girls cannot go to school.｣<https://www.worldvision.jp/children/education_05.html> (2021/8/27)｢Column "What did Malala appeal to girls' education and gender?" "SDGs classroom to learn
from the basics" [11]｣<https://www.asahi.com/sdgs/article/14383505> (2021/9/22)｢Malala Yousafzai｣<https://www.unic.or.jp/activities/celebrities/peace_messengers/malala/> (2021/9/22)｢[Special feature] Malala Yousafzai and girls' education｣<https://www.plan-international.jp/special/malala/> (2021/9/23)｢Strengthen community network｣<https://www.joicfp.or.jp/jpn/project/approach/community_development/> (2021/2/14)｢What measures are needed in Africa, where maternal mortality is high? What is the support
being provided?｣<https://gooddo.jp/magazine/health/africa_health/4027/> (2021/2/16)｢All over the worldUNIQLO developsWomen support program｣<https://www.uniqlo.com/jp/ja/contents/sustainability/people/diversity/gender/globalempowe

rment/> (2021/8/9)｢Reproductive health｣<https://share.or.jp/health/knowledge/reproductive_health/> (2021/2/16)｢Akira Ikegami reveals! introduction to Islamic business｣<https://www.jica.go.jp/aboutoda/2014_Pakistan_Bangladesh/pakistan_vol4/page4.html>(2021/10/26)｢Malala Yousafzai's Speech at United Nations Headquarters (July 12, 2013, Malala Day)｣<https://www.unic.or.jp/news_press/features_backgrounders/4790/>(2021/10/26)｢July 7th is a day called “Malala day”｣<https://www.unicef.or.jp/kodomo/news/2013/07_12.htm>(2021/10/27)｢12 things you need to know about Malala Yousafzai｣<https://www.harpersbazaar.com/jp/lifestyle/womens-life/g28370943/malala-yousafzai-facts190712-hns/>(2021/10/28)｢Those who want to participate in international cooperation｣<https://www.jica.go.jp/for/join.html#a01>(2021/11/6)『Nihon Keizai Shimbun』July 12, 2018
｢Lack of girls' education "losses $ 15-30 trillion" Malala complains｣

Eliminating the Discrimination against Black People That Remains at the
Bottom of Our Hearts~Mutual understanding through active communication~

5301 Ryogo Onishi

Abstract
I think that the cause of discrimination against blacks is the fact that in the past. Laws
were justify discrimination against blacks, and this idea is deeply rooted in people's minds asa fixed concept. I wanted to help people who are suffering from discrimination, even if only alittle, so I thought of a way to improve the situation. One way is to communicate with people.
By talking to my family and friends, I can share ideas that I don't have and the ideas of bothsides, and I can deepen my thinking. It is also important to use the Internet to research
discrimination against blacks and learn about what is happening around the world. If you areable, you can also take direct action, such as donating to IMADR (International Movement
Against Discrimination). By actually taking action, you will be able to support black people
and improve the current situation, even if only a little.

１ Introduction
The reason why I chose this topic is because I heard the news about the death of George
Floyd on May 25, 2020, near Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. However, a police officer held
Mr. Floyd's head down hard with his knee for 8 minutes and 46 seconds, killing him but thewhite police officer continued to hold Mr. Floyd down and killed him. At the time, I was notreally interested in black racism, and I realized that this kind of thing is happening in theworld today, so I decided to do this research in order to help as many people as possible andto prevent such tragic incidents from happening.
The goal of the research is to eliminate discrimination against blacks and solve theproblem completely. However, it has not been solved even though the top people in the worldhave been meeting and making treaties all over the world. I think it may be difficult for me tosolve this problem, but if I can get many people to cooperate with me, it may be possible tosolve this problem. I think I can improve the current situation.
The research method will mainly use the internet. I have to know the current state ofdiscrimination against blacks and what causes it in the world.
２ Discussion and implications
current status
The first is the income disparity. There is a difference in income between whites andblacks. Black men in particular have lower incomes because of discrimination even though
they are doing the same work. In addition, educational opportunities may be different. For
example, white people can have a good educational environment from a young age and canlearn enough to do what they like. They receive a lot of simulations and are able to developrich human beings. On the other hand, black people do not have access to adequate education
which limits their job opportunities and leads to low-paying jobs.
Secondly, racist acts are still occurring. This is mainly seen on social networking sites,
where there are many insulting remarks. There was even an incident where a supporter of asoccer team had a banner that read "ONLY JAPANESE" displayed at a game. I was surprisedthat there is actually racism in Japan. Today, there is no treaty or law that justifies racism, so
why does this kind of racial discrimination occur? I think there are two possible causes.
causes
The first is the historical background. In the past, there were laws that justified racism. For
example, slaves, black people, were forced to work long hours for low wages in order todevelop the economy of the United States in the late 18th century. Jim Crow laws also
created laws that justified racism in the United States. Blacks were banned from using public
facilities, and where to sit and what car to ride on buses and trains were determined. They
were completely separated from whites and discriminated against. Other countries in Africa
also had a policy of racial segregation called apartheid. This was similar to Jim Crow laws,
which were laws that justified racial discrimination in the United States. For example, I wasstruck by the fact that when watching sports in a stadium, the seats were divided between
whites and blacks.
The second is the fixed concept. There are currently no laws based on historicalbackground. However, it is a fact that discrimination against blacks does occur. In otherwords, discrimination against blacks is still deeply rooted in our minds. One of the reasonsfor this is the inability to understand and respect others. We judge people by their appearance.
They change their attitude based on the color of their skin. They also have a desire to lookdown on others in order to gain their own self-esteem.

３ Conclusion
At the conclusion of my research, I realized that it is a very difficult problem to solve
because it cannot be solved even though so much of the world is taking measures to eliminate
racism. Perhaps many people unconsciously discriminate against people in spite of the factthat they recognize that racism is wrong. While we are still considering effective solutions, I
believe that the problem can be improved by thinking about what each of us can do. For thisreason, I thought it would be a good idea for me to have conversations with people about
racism. I think that communicating with others who have different opinions from my own
will deepen my thinking. Donations to organizations are also effective. For example, IMADR(International Movement Against Discrimination) is a good example. You can also sign apetition or participate in a demonstration. In the future, I would like to make more original
and effective proposals. In order to do so, we think it is important to collect more informationand learn more about racism. By learning more about what is happening throughdiscrimination against blacks, I can make concrete, effective, and unique suggestions.

４ Bibliography
BBC NEWS JAPAN, "The Case of George Floyd."
https://www.bbc.com/japanese/54459128 June 10, 2021

Asia Pacific Human Rights Information Center, "What is Racism and Racial
Discrimination?" https://www.hurights.or.jp/archives/newsletter/section2/2001/01/part2.html
May 12, 2021
FX Baibeau, "Deeply rooted discrimination against blacks in America, what is the history of
discrimination underlying it?"https://fxbible.jp/blog/easy-news/2269/ April 22, 2021
gooddo, "What are the causes of racism?"https://gooddo.jp/magazine/inequality/racial_discrimination/11290/June 30, 2021
SDGs media, "The Problem of Black Discrimination"
https://sdgs.media/blog/4871/ May 14, 2021
From an article by Kaori Sugita, "Trends in education policy toward the elimination of racial
discrimination," June 29, 2021
http://www.human.tsukuba.ac.jp/~tfujita/archives_2003-2007/sugita/desegregation.html
Gendai Business, Kodansha, "Disadvantage from the moment of birth"
https://gendai.ismedia.jp/articles/-/73864?page=5 May 29, 2021
NHK article "U.S. settles black man's death case by paying over 2.9 billion yen to man'sfamily"https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20210313/k10012913041000.htmJuly 12, 2021
English article "SAGE journals" "Discrimination and Telomere Length Among Older Adults
in the United States: Does the Association Vary by Race and Type of Discrimination?
Discrimination?" June 9, 2021
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0033354916689613

Improving the Recycling Rate
〜To Solve the Waste Problem〜
5302 Kanamoto Ryuki

Abstract
Currently in Japan, the amount of garbage is increasing along with the economic growth andpopulation increase, causing a garbage problem. The waste problem caused by the increase inwaste is the shortage of landfill space and the deterioration of the global environment.
Regarding the shortage of landfill sites, Japan's final disposal sites have only about 10 years
left. As for the deterioration of the global environment, there is carbon dioxide from thedisposal of garbage and illegal dumping. Currently, Japan has established laws such as the
Basic Law for Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society and the Law for Promotion of
Effective Utilization of Resources to deal with the problem of waste, and has been promoting
effective measures for the establishment of a sound material-cycle society and the 3Rs. It is
important to increase the recycling rate in order to solve the waste problem, but Japan's
recycling rate is low compared to other countries. Germany, which has the highest recycling
rate among OECD countries, has a law that imposes a compulsory deposit system if the rateof use of returnable containers falls below 72% for two consecutive years. Although theintroduction of a deposit system has many challenges, it should be introduced in Japan inorder to improve the recycling rate.
Introduction
Currently in Japan, the amount of garbage is increasing along with the economic growth andpopulation increase, resulting in a garbage problem. The waste problem due to the increase of
garbage includes the shortage of landfill sites and the deterioration of the global environment.
According to the Ministry of the Environment, the life expectancy of final disposal sites issaid to be about 20 years more on average nationwide. In addition, burning garbage inincinerators produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, which increases global warming.

Furthermore, littering and illegal dumping of garbage will destroy the environment ofmountains and oceans. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to increase therecycling rate, which is why I started this research.
Discussion and ImplicationsFirst of all, we can reduce the amount of garbage by recycling. According to the Ministry of
the Environment, the life span of final disposal sites in Japan is said to be about 20 years
more on average nationwide. However, Environment at a Glance - OECD Indicators showsthat Japan's recycling rate is 19 percent, the fifth lowest among OECD countries. In addition,
the percentage of waste disposal by "incineration and energy recovery" is overwhelmingly
the highest at 71%. Compared to the rest of the world, Japan has a low recycling rate andrelies heavily on incineration. One of the reasons for this is that Japan is a small country
compared to other countries. Therefore, incineration has become the mainstream method tobury as much waste as possible in a small area. Japan has been promoting recycling byenacting the Basic Law for Establishing a Sound Material-Cycle Society, but the recycling
rate is not as high as in other countries.
In Germany, which has the highest recycling rate among OECD countries, according to the
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), the "Packaging Decree" enacted in 1991
"imposed a compulsory deposit on all beverage containers. However, it also includes aprovision that if at least 72% of all beverage containers are returnable, the mandatory deposit
requirement for all beverage containers is waived."According to Daisuke Numata (2008), a
deposit system is "a system in which a customer pays an extra amount of money whenpurchasing a product and receives a certain amount of money when returning the usedproduct after consumption. I think this deposit system can be introduced in Japan to increase
the recycling rate. The deposit system would make it easier to separate waste. However, there
are some problems that will arise from the introduction of this system. It would require a lotof work for stores. There is also the problem of fraudulent behavior with old bottles, etc. anda decrease in demand for the items covered by the system. We need to think of ways to solvethese problems in the future. I would like to see if it is possible for manufacturers to collectused bottles in bulk, rather than retailers, to reduce the time and effort required by stores.

Conclusion
The garbage problem is not a problem that can be postponed, but one that needs to be solved
as soon as possible. In order to do so, it is necessary to increase the recycling rate. Japan has
been promoting recycling, but compared to other countries, the recycling rate is not veryhigh. While it is important for each individual to make efforts to reduce waste, it is also
important for the government to take action on a large scale through binding laws, asGermany has done. Furthermore, we should actively introduce a system that can help
improve the recycling rate, such as the deposit system in Germany.

References「Environment at a Glance - OECD Indicators」 〈
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/ac4b8b89-en/index.html?itemId=/content/publicat
ion/ac4b8b89-en#chapter-d1e6〉（accessed 2021-10-10）「本の廃棄物処理の歴史と現状」〈https://www.env.go.jp/recycle/circul/venous_industry/ja/history.pdf〉（accessed2021-10-10）「廃棄物等の発⽣、循環的な利⽤及び処分の現状」〈https://www.env.go.jp/policy/hakusyo/h30/html/hj18020301.html〉（accessed2021-10-10）「ドイツにおける強制デポジットの現状」〈https://www.meti.go.jp/policy/recycle/main/data/research/pdf/model15-2_ap2.pdf〉（accessed 2021-10-10）「ドイツのデポジットシステムから学ぶ、リユース重視の循環型社会のつくりかた」〈https://organic-press.com/column/kohgi_column_vol34/〉（accessed 2021-10-10）「東京23区のごみ問題を考える」〈
https://blog.goo.ne.jp/wa8823/e/17a19ce5f6e144b30ccfee9b5a7ad096〉（accessed2021-10-10）「海外における容器廃棄物のリサイクル」〈
https://www.env.go.jp/council/former2013/03haiki/y030-18/mat04.pdf〉（accessed2021-10-10）

Education and ICT in Developing Countries〜To Increase Children's Literacy Rate〜
5303 Masahiro KanekolAbstract of the study
The literacy rate, which is the ratio of the number of people who can read and write per
population in a country, varies greatly between developed and developing countries. In many
developed countries, the literacy rate is close to 100%, but in some developing countries, therate is below 50%. This disparity is a serious problem that leads to poverty, creates
economic disparity, and deprives children of their dreams. For this reason, I have been
conducting research for a year to improve the literacy rate of children in developing
countries. However, there is no budget to build facilities to educate children, and even if I do,
there are many children in developing countries who work to support their families, so theycannot attend. There is a need for a solution to improve children's literacy without being
affected by the current situation. For this reason, I propose education through video lessons.
However, at present, there is no good communication environment in poor areas. Therefore,
I have been conducting research that includes the improvement of the communication
environment.
1 Introduction of the study
Literacy is very important for a child's future. If a child is not literate, he or she may sufferfrom various damages or be left behind by society. In addition, as people become adults
without understanding the importance of education, they do not allow their children to
receive education, which leads to a negative spiral of poverty. However, there is a huge gap
in literacy skills between countries and even within countries, which leads to economic
disparity. Education is essential to correct the gap in literacy rates between the developed
and developing countries of the world. I have been researching to establish a system toprovide free education to children who currently do not have a school in their community or
are not allowed to attend school due to economic reasons, in other words, children who are
not receiving an education. My goal is to contribute to a world where children in poor areas
can learn to read and write just like in other countries by utilizing the advanced ICTtechnology of developed countries, and to bring us closer to a world where children aroundthe world are given equal opportunities to grow up.
〈Method〉
Gather information from multiple perspectives using literature on the Internet andconsolidate it to form my own opinion. I will read articles on ICT education and education inpoor areas, consider the advantages and disadvantages of current solutions, and come up
with proposals that can compensate for the disadvantages without wasting the good points.
Repeat the process for that proposal, listing the pros and cons.
2 Discussion and implication
In terms of literacy, there is a difference of about 50% between developed countries andsome developing countries. In some areas, there are still only a few people who can read
and write among the residents of a town. Low literacy rates have a huge impact on
individuals and society. For example, when a person becomes ill, they may not know how totake proper medication because they cannot read, they may only be able to choose a job
related to manual labor, or they may not be able to educate their children because they do
not understand the importance of education. This is the situation in developing countries, but
no effective remedial measures have been taken in the country. Conventional solutions, suchas building schools, cost a lot of money, and even if the schools are built, they do not attract
students due to the economic situation of the families, which require their children to work or
help out at home. Therefore, in order to improve the literacy rate in developing countries, it isnecessary to have educational institutions that are relatively inexpensive and can becompatible with working and helping at home.

I propose a system to improve the literacy rate through ICT-based video lessons, in which
qualified teachers in Japan or abroad film their lessons for the children, and build one or two
facilities with sufficient communication environments in each town of the poor area. A few
adults like teachers will be sent to each facility or selected from the town. There will be no
set hours for the children to study, but they will be able to come at any time when the facility
is open and study according to their family circumstances.
However, in poor areas of the country, there is not even a television, much less a goodcommunication environment. Therefore, in order to provide education through video lessons,it is first necessary to establish a communication environment. Of course, it costs a lot ofmoney to set up a communication environment. In Japan, the average cost of setting up a
communication environment in a single-family house is 20,000 to 40,000 yen per month, andthe initial cost is much more than that. The initial cost is even higher than that. In some poor
areas, radio waves cannot reach, so radio towers are also needed. It is true that the initialcost of the project will be a lot of money, but the maintenance cost will be far cheaper thanrunning a school.
The merit of this proposal is not only that the cost is relatively low. As I mentioned earlier,one of the problems with the solution of building a school is that the students may not beable to attend due to family reasons. Video lessons are filmed and watched, so even those
who can only attend school in the evening and have more time to study than others canstudy at a pace that suits them.
ICT-based education is currently attracting a great deal of attention in developed
countries. Many studies have been conducted in developed countries, and it is a well-known
fact that the quality of children's learning can be improved by incorporating ICT into theclassroom. There are also many cram schools for high school students in Japan that mainlyuse video lessons. Developed countries should make use of such technologies for the
benefit of poor children in developing countries.
IssuesIn my proposal, I have only created an opportunity for children to come into contact withthe written word. It is difficult to provide advanced education through video lessons alone,
and there are some subjects that cannot be taught. Therefore, unless we can further
improve the academic ability of children and increase the rate of advancement to higher
education and universities, poor children in poor countries will not be able to escape thenegative spiral of poverty. However, achieving those goals will cost a lot of money and will
not be easy to solve in terms of working with the country itself and combining it witheconomic problems. The world's poverty problem is a complex mix of issues. I have only
approached this issue from the perspective of improving the literacy rate, and I would like toconsider it from new perspectives in the future.
4 refference「世界の識字率 最低は15％」〈https://www.worldvision.jp/children/education_03.html〉10
⽉7⽇

「識字率とは︖」〈https://gooddo.jp/magazine/education/4077/〉10⽉7⽇「途上国の⼦供に読書を」〈https://synodos.jp/international/17011/2〉10⽉7⽇「JICA 教育事業プロジェクト」https://www.jica.go.jp/activities/issues/education/index.html
10⽉7⽇「国際協⼒機構2012年 JICA WORLD 特集識字教育 NO41」10⽉7⽇「モンゴル、ネパール、スリランカのIT事情」占部 浩⼀郎 著 10⽉7⽇

Shopping for Patients with Food Allergy Disease~Quickly, Easily, and Accurately Identify Allergens~5304 Takehiro Koike
Abstract
I have an allergy. From my past experience, I have seen my parents feel uncomfortable
when shopping for a long time, and I have often felt uncomfortable myself. To be more
specific, when I was a child, there were few kanji characters that I could read, so it wasdifficult for me to shop by myself. Also, my parents felt inconvenienced by the small fontsize of the ingredient labels. Thus, I thought of a way to solve the inconvenience of shopping
for allergy sufferers, and considered the possibilities and the benefits. There are two solutions
I came up with.The first method is to put an enlarged copy of the labeling for a total of 27
items, which is seven specified ingredients such as milk and eggs, and 20 items which isrecommended to be written on labels, next to the price tag, like the price tags on many
product shelves.This can improve the difficulty of reading text due to the size of the lettersand prevent people from misreading of raw materials on the label that are difficult tounderstand. The second method is to use an app to check for allergens. If consumers register
their allergens in the app in advance, by scanning the barcode when shopping they can
instantly know whether the product contains the allergen or is on the same production line as
the product with the allergen. In addition, how much materials contained in the product canbe listed to support a wide range of patients.Based on the two solutions , it’s necessary to
predict the advantages, disadvantages, and new accidents that may be involved, and to create
rules and regulations.
１

Introduction
The purpose of my study is to reduce the shopping burden for allergy patients. The burdenmeans the act of people who are suffering from food allergies having to look at the back of
the product every time they want to see if they can eat it, and check if the ingredients containallergens. Speaking about this, Mr. Shintaro Imamura, President of the “アレルギーっ⼦パ
パの会”, said, "I had to turn over the processed products one by one to check the labels...itwas really hard," This indicates that allergy patients and their families are feeling theburden.One of the inconveniences I felt was that the text was too small and difficult to read,
and when the same kanji characters are used for a raw milk, a powdered milk, an emulsifier, alactobacillus, lactose, etc., but there are differences in the ingredients, or when the ingredientsare lumped into one ingredient, such as spices. I considered the solutions, advantages anddisadvantages, and the possibilities of realization for the two mentioned in this research. In
addition, I had to consider the people who can’t read Japanese and have various cultures and I
revised the value for more people around the world.
The following are the research methods
1) Indicating the research’s worth.
Since this research was started based on my own experience, it is necessary to indicate
how the people with allergic diseases feel these inconveniences. I would take a survey about
the people’s inconveniences but because of the corona pandemic, I couldn't do it.
2) Thinking about solutions
I will consider solutions for the points mentioned above: Ⅰ) difficulty in reading due to thesize of the text, and Ⅱ) difficulty in recognizing the ingredients. I need to consider thefollowing three points: the speed of recognizing the raw material, the ease for the consumer
to handle, and the accuracy of the information provided when I think about solutions.
3) Considering the generality of the solutions.
It is necessary to consider whether the idea of the solution is broad and can be used by many
people. In this case, we need to make sure that the solution is easy to understand, not only forchildren and the elderly, but also for Japanese and foreigners. The target at this time is toconsider considerations for foreign people who cannot read kanji or regarding expressions
that may cause misunderstandings depending on their culture.
4) Discuss the possibility of the solution.
I will consider how realistic the solution is. In this process, it is necessary to consider every
imaginable case, including the disadvantages and troubles of this system. At the same time,Ialso consider what kind of cooperation is necessary to realize this solution.

２

Discussion and implications
Regarding the inconvenience and difficulties that patients with allergic diseases and theirfamilies face, Shintaro Imamura, president of the NPO Allergic Papa's Association, said,"I
had to turn over each processed product one by one to check the raw materials...it was really
hard.” From this point, there are two problems (1) difficulty in reading because of the size ofthe letters, and (2) difficulty to recognize the ingredients, it would be beneficial to have asolution that takes into concern the ease with which people with allergic diseases and othersaround them can recognize the ingredients, whether they can be easily handled, and whether
relevant information can be provided.
The solution to (1) problem is to put up enlarged labels and illustrations of 27 items in
total, including the names of raw materials, 7 specified raw materials, and 20 items for whichlabeling is recommended, next to the price labels, just like price labels are put up on many
product shelves. This will improve the difficulty of reading text due to the size of the lettersthat elderly people face and prevent them from misreading raw materials on the label that are
difficult to understand.
The solution to (2) problem is to use an app to check and know allergens.
If consumers register their allergens in the app before shopping, they can scan the barcode
when shopping and instantly know if the product contains the allergen or if it is on the same
production line as the product with the allergen. In addition, by listing how much material iscontained, the app will be easier to use for allergy sufferers who are restricted in their intake.
３

Conclusion
I suggested two solutions to solve the problems.
The solution to solve (1) problem also has the disadvantage of making product packaging

harder to see and shop , but with the advent of subscription services, according to Teppei
Yuzan, "the era of mending the surface with design is over," the value of the goods' design
will decrease, and safety will be a priority, so this is not a major disadvantage.
About the resolution, the app will be able to handle a total of 27 items other than the 7
specified raw materials and 20 items recommended for labeling, so that it can be used tocontrol the calorie intake of people on a diet. However, in order to realize this, information

such as the name of the raw material of the product must be linked to the barcode beforehand,which increases the burden of the registration process. In addition, it is necessary to consider
what kind of amendments to laws and regulations are needed to ensure safety.
The above is the issue of this study.
４

References

社会の⾷物アレルギー対応⼒向上を⽀援するNPO法⼈「アレルギーっこパパの会」
https://www.food-allergy.jp/use/scene/interview/detail/id=873（R2 3⽉24⽇）
パッケージデザインは新時代に順応できるか。
https://www.pkg.tokyo/magazine/1180/（R2 3⽉24⽇）
独⽴⾏政法⼈

環境再⽣保全機構 すこやかライフ

https://www.erca.go.jp/yobou/zensoku/sukoyaka/46/topics/topics05.html（R2 3⽉24⽇）
表⽰レイアウト及び⽂字の⼤きさについて（消費者庁⾷品表⽰企画課）
https://www.cao.go.jp/consumer/history/03/kabusoshiki/syokuhinhyouji/doc/k140320_shiryo
u2.pdf（R2 3⽉24⽇）
栄養科だよりhttp://www.bmk.or.jp/fukui/201703eiyoukadayori.pdf（R2 3⽉24⽇）
ウィルモア
https://www.willmore.jp/（R2 3⽉24⽇）

Game Dependence Cure Complement Project~Always Be a Gamer~
5308 Shutaro Takahashi
Abstract
Game is one of the most favorite play in the world. Old, game is play one person. But now, spreadthe internet and spread online game, so we can play the game with many people to indirect. And now
game is renamed to e-sports and playing many countries to one of the new sports. Now world e-sports
market size is larger and larger. By the way, the price of e-sports winner get 3 million $ (300 millionyen). That tournament was opened in the US. So now e-sports player is one of the sports player andone of the favorite job.
But, that game having a problem. That is in 2019/5/25 WHO was presented a new sick name. Thatsick`s name is “game dependence”. Game dependence, other names are game sick, game reliance, andgame addiction. That sick`s symptoms are they can't stop play the game and don`t sleep and don't go
to school and any more. The game dependence is one of the most scary dependence. So the game ande-sports are not good things to many people. But, game having many merits to us and e-sports is very
big economic development. So game and e-sports having very good things. But the game dependence
was put on the bad impression. I think that is not good. So I search the good cure way of gamedependence.

The new guidlines
The searching purpose is reduce the game dependence patients and enlarge the e-sports industry.
The way of searching is the internet and playing the game in real way.
And search and compare existing cure ways.

3 Conclusion
The outcome of this study. Think about normal, we can't reduce patient and enlarge the e-sports
industry. But this time, I made good way of cure the game dependence. That way is the patient ofgame dependence are grow up to the pro gamer. But many people say “that way is not good”.
Because, this plan is game dependence patients playing the game. That is like as pour oil in fire. Butthat is not. Because pro gamer having exclusive manager. The manager managed many things in theirlife. Like meal time, study time, sleep time, and time of practicing game. And if end the practice timeof game, the manager collect the game. And the existing cure way is game dependence patients arecan`t play the game. But this way is very big to game dependence patients load. But my cure way islimit only time, but in the time, game dependence patients can play the game. That is very healthy tobody and health. And more, game dependence patients having more than one person of motivationand skills. So these people can fight in the world by the game. And last, if they couldn't be the pro
gamer, but that time, maybe they can stop playing the game. So I think, if we use this way for gamedependence patients, we can reduce game dependence patients and we can enlarge the e-sports
industry.
This study`s task is that cure way is can't adaptation to the severe patients, Many countries include
Japan are not big the e-sports industry, return of failure is too big.
If improvement these problem, this cure way is to be a very good things. So I think improvement thisplan to more good way.

4 References
https://nakaimachi-yakkyoku.co.jp/topics/gameaddiction/
ゲーム依存症の診断と治療
https://www.oca.ac.jp/work_books/5714/
job book 仕事図鑑
https://mira-i.jp/step/
MIRA-i ネット・ゲーム依存と回復のステップ
https://www.bbc.com/japanese/49148262
BBC NEWS Eスポーツ フォートナイト

Solving The Medical Area In Depopulated Area
~use technology for medical~
5309 Yumu Takei

Abstract
The depopulation of rural areas in Japan has become a serious problem. One of the problems
is medical care. One of the problems is the shortage of doctors. There are 637 doctorlessareas in Japan. However, the number of doctors in Japan has been increasing every year, andin 2008, the number exceeded 300,000. As a result, the number of doctors in Japan as awhole is sufficient, but the number of doctors differs from place to place, resulting in ashortage of doctors. One of the reasons for the decrease in the number of doctors in rural
areas is the lack of funds to provide them. I would like to propose a solution to this problem.
Donation Details Research Details
First, let me explain the motivation for this research. Recently, the medical field has been
under pressure due to a new coronavirus. It has become a global problem, and there arevarious problems. One of them is the lack of human resources. That is why I started thisresearch to investigate the problems in the medical field. According to one survey, theproblems in the medical field are the shortage of doctors, medical accidents, and the qualityof life of workers. Of these, the most important was the shortage of doctors. Depopulation in
Japan is becoming increasingly serious. The first thing we need to know about the current
situation of depopulated areas is the financial situation. According to the Ministry of Internal
Affairs and Communications' "Current Status of Depopulated Areas and Measures Taken toDate in Depopulated Areas," depopulated areas have a financial strength index that is smaller
than the national average. 817 municipalities, or about half of all municipalities, haddepopulated areas in fiscal 2018, and 10 million people, or 8.6% of the total population, live
in a vast area that covers about 60% of the country! Japan's population is 8.6%, or 10 million
people. Ten million people, or 8.6% of the total population, live in a vast area that accounts
for about 60% of Japan's land mass. (From Hekiji Network) Currently, mergers with otherregions are taking place to counter depopulation. According to the same survey, one of theeffects of mergers is a "decline in financial services. According to the same survey, theimpact of mergers is a "decline in financial services," and it is safe to assume that thisincludes healthcare. Next, let's take a look at the current situation in healthcare. Lack ofhuman resources and inadequate medical systems have been cited as issues in the medical
field in Japan. Here, I would like to discuss the shortage of doctors in depopulated areas.
Currently, there are 637 "doctorless districts," which are areas where there are no doctors orhospitals at all, even though more than 50 people live within a 4km radius. However, thenumber of doctors in Japan is on the rise. However, the number of doctors in Japan is on therise. The survey found that there are many doctors in populous areas such as Tokyo andOsaka, as well as in Tokushima and Kagawa prefectures. The survey also took a closer lookat Saitama Prefecture, where the number of doctors is particularly low. According to a survey
by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, we found that the number of doctors is low inrural areas and in the suburbs of the Tokyo metropolitan area. The reason for this is that there
are large hospitals in the cities and patients are concentrated there, making the surrounding
hospitals unsustainable. On the other hand, let's talk about depopulated areas. Dr. Yanagawaof Teikyo University pointed out the lack of funding and inadequate environmental
maintenance. There are many other problems as well. For example, there are problems unique
to depopulated areas. Lack of sufficient supplies of daily necessities is thought to be one of
the reasons for the shortage of doctors. In fact, the number of supermarkets in depopulatedareas is much smaller than in urban areas. There are many issues that can cause a shortage ofdoctors, but here we will focus on the lack of funding, considering the ease of research. In
this case, funding means money to build hospitals in rural areas, doctors, and poor living
conditions. In my research, I researched ways to solve the funding shortage from theperspective of ease of research proposals. One of the specific ways to raise funds is throughcrowdfunding. This makes it easy for anyone to raise funds. The advantages anddisadvantages of crowdfunding are as follows.
Advantages Anyone can use it, regardless of age or occupation. (Some restrictions apply.)
Can be used to raise funds from low amounts.
Disadvantages Collection may not be successful. A return is required (some crowdfunding
services such as MacAke do not require a return o).
Taking these factors into consideration, we would like to incorporate them into the collectionof funds for medical treatment. The type of crowdfunding to be used is donation-type
crowdfunding. However, the question is what to do in return.
So, I am thinking of applying for a hometown taxation. The idea is to have people donate
local specialties to the medical field in return. For example, if a person donates funds for
medical treatment, the local specialty will be returned in return. However, there are a numberof problems. First of all, donation-type crowdfunding is not always easy to raise funds. In
fact, crowdfunding is not really suited for donations, as it is essentially a way to invest in
startups and create products in return. However, as mentioned earlier, crowdfunding is easy toadopt because it is easy to do. For this reason, I would like to propose the donation type. The
following are some of the current donation-type crowdfunding.
camp fire donation type crowdfunding ready for donation type crowdfunding
These have a good track record, but there are not many examples of donation in Japan.
Therefore, this research will be challenging. These crowdfunding methods also have theirchallenges. There is also a problem with these crowdfunding programs: they do not offer
anything in return that can be used for money. The proposed projects are based on local

products, but these cannot be used. Therefore, we need to propose a new type ofcrowdfunding. I would like to try to solve these problems in the future.
Finally, I would like to introduce some of the measures that are currently being taken to deal
with the shortage of doctors. First is Jichi Medical University. Jichi Medical University sends
students to depopulated areas for two to three years after graduation from the university.
Some local governments also provide subsidies. Modern technology, such as remotediagnosis and robotic surgery, is also being tested. However, since these are not so familiarand difficult to study, we focused our research on the lack of funding.
And I think using front line technology. For example Hitachi is studying VR medical
treatment in depopulated areas.

References
https://gemmed.ghc-j.com/?p=31602 GEM MED
http://www.hch.coop/hch/syakaihosyou/iryouhoukai.https://www.minnanokaigo.com/news/kaigogaku/no796/
みんなの介護https://www.hekichi.net/about/medical

Health Care Delivery System and the Health of the Elderly~Thinking from Walking Ability~
5310 Takuro Takemura
Abstract
This study considers the walking ability of the elderly to provide medical care tounderdeveloped areas. The elderly may unintentionally injure their knees or ligaments, andthese injuries can prevent the elderly from visiting hospitals. Therefore, we will be involved in
the medical care of the elderly by promoting the use of mobile Magnetic ResonanceImaging(MRI)・Computed Tomography(CT)-equipped tracks produced using the concept of
economies of scale. In addition, we will also conduct this research on how to detect nerve
abnormalities, which are difficult to find.

１

Introduction

Currently, the geriatric population ratio, which is the ratio of elderly people (65 years
old and older, Japan Geriatrics Society, 2017) to the Japanese population, is 26.1% (High
School Map p. 149), the highest in the world. Having suffered my own anterior cruciate
ligament injury, I am acutely aware of the importance of the ability to walk. Therefore, thepurpose of this study is to consider and disseminate how to provide medical care to elderly
people whose walking ability declines (age-related changes in the gait cycle of healthy men
walking at maximum speed, Gen. Ito, Hiroshi Nagasaki, Hitoshi Maruyama, Ken
Hashizume, Ryuichi Nakamura, 1989).
I learned from my doctor when I was injured and from the physiotherapist when I was
rehabilitated that the medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament are sometimes injured
unconsciously in the elderly. In this study, we confirmed this fact and found it to be true. In
addition, it was found that the injuries occurred at a relatively young age of 40 years, not at
the age of 65 years, which is the age at which the definition of elderly is reached.
(Japanese Orthopaedic Association)
In addition, the anterior cruciate ligament and medial meniscus are not contrasted by
X-rays, so it is necessary to perform an MRI examination to contrast them by magnetism.
However, the installation cost is 1.2 billion yen (MRI by Hitachi, Ltd.). It is considered to beeconomically difficult for small hospitals and clinics in depopulated areas to install thisexpensive device. In such depopulated areas, it is not easy for some patients to travel toareas where they can receive adequate examinations and medical care. We wanted tominimize the impact of the hollowing out of local medical care by making it possible toreceive the same medical services as in urban areas with less risk of travel.
There are depopulated areas and areas with few large hospitals in the world.
Therefore, we can present our research by applying it to depopulated areas overseas, andgeneralize it to "medical care for depopulated areas," not only in Japan. This is the first axisof our research.

In addition, based on his own experience of injury and illness, he realized that there
was no easy way to contrast and diagnose nerves; CT and X-rays can diagnose bones,
and MRI can diagnose the brain, blood vessels and ligaments, but this is not possible fornerves. Therefore, he developed a method to contrast the nerves as the "second axis.

２

Discussion and implications

Ⅰ. research objectives
In this study, I based on 2. Contents of research below(i) To prevent medial meniscus injuries and anterior cruciate ligament injuries in unconscious
situations. To provide necessary and sufficient medical care to the elderly whose ability towalk is declining.
(ii) To find a way to contrast the nerves.
Ⅱ. research methods(i) Formulate a research plan.
(ii) Confirmation of research objectives.
(iii) Review of previous research. Research preparation.
(iv) Research(v) Research results and reflections on the current study(vi) Summary of Research

Ⅲ. research results
In the course of this study, we have found that there are mobile MRI-equipped andCT-equipped tracks. Although these vehicles are large, we believe that they can provide
prompt and appropriate medical care by eliminating the disadvantages of having to go to alarge hospital for examinations and the difficulty of driving or traveling by public
transportation for people who are injured. Therefore, we thought it would be a good idea topromote the use of these tracks.
However, it turned out that there were some disadvantages, such as the large size ofthe tracks, which made them difficult to maneuver, and the high cost of installing an MRI
scanner. However, there are areas where medical care is not available not only in the 47
prefectures in Japan but also in other countries. In addition, we believe that the system using
these vehicles can be applied to areas where the distance to medical facilities is far, such as
Hokkaido in Japan, and inland areas of the United States, Australia, and Africa in othercountries.
Therefore, I thought that MRI-equipped and CT-equipped tracks should not beabandoned solely because of costs, and as I was conducting research, I thought that theconcept of "economies of scale" might provide a clue to a solution. Economies of scalerefers to a system in which the more products are produced, the lower the fixed costs
become as a percentage of the product's cost, and the more products are produced in large
quantities, the lower the cost becomes.
(https://product-senses.mazrica.com/senseslab/business-efficiency/scale-merit)

MRI-equipped cars and CT-equipped tracks aren’t ordinary cars, so I don't know if
this system can be fully applied. I am not sure if this system can be fully applied to MRI
equipped tracks and CT-equipped tracks, but I believe it can be applied in some small way. If
mass production becomes possible due to economies of scale, it will be possible to reduce
costs and expand from depopulated areas to the entire country, creating a system thatallows people to receive medical care without having to travel far when they are injured.
It will also enable us to provide medical care to people in Africa and other areas whereproper medical care is not available due to lack of technology to detect diseases andinjuries.
By expanding the number of MRI-equipped and CT-equipped tracks and making
them available for testing, we believe that we can prevent medial meniscus and anterior
cruciate ligament injuries in unconscious situations and provide necessary and sufficient
medical care for elderly people whose walking ability is declining.
Next, the second axis was about nerves, and we came to the conclusion that it isdifficult to contrast the nerves themselves because of their nature. However, it was found by
Optimal Reagents for Neuroproteomics: Understanding the Molecular Organization and theComplexity of Brain However, we found that it is possible to detect The interaction of these
secreted proteins in the brain influences learning ability, memory, sensory organs, motor
functions and their coordination, and emotions. Therefore, early detection of protein
dysfunction and dysregulation in the brain can reveal neural abnormalities without contrast.
Although various reagents can be used to determine the state of the brain, they are all basedon the detection of cells in the brain. It is difficult to say that it is beneficial in many respects
to perform an operation just to collect cells, although there are no more obvious findings.
However, it turns out that there is nothing that can be done for nerve abnormalities.
In the future, we will be able to provide better medical care by searching for a method tocollect brain cells without using a scalpel.

３Conclusion(i) To provide necessary and sufficient medical care to elderly people whose walking ability is
declining. The spread of CT and MRI-equipped tracks by taking advantage of economies ofscale.
(ii) To find a way to contrast the nerves. To be discovered by detecting components frombrain cells. I have come to the conclusion that.
In the future, I’d like to conduct research while also considering practical aspects such as
how much cost performance there is in them. We would also like to conduct research thatconsiders the provision of mobile medical sites other than CT and MRI.

４

References

・The Japan Geriatrics Society（Reading 11/18/2021）(https://www.jpn-geriat-soc.or.jp/proposal/pdf/definition_01.pdf)
Age-related changes in the gait cycle of healthy male subjects during maximum speed
walking・Original Author: Motoi Ito, Hiroshi Nagasaki, Hitoshi Maruyama, Ken Hashizume, Ryuichi
Nakamura（Reading 11/18/2021）(https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/geriatrics1964/26/4/26_4_347/_pdf/-char/ja)
Japanese Orthopaedic Association(https://www.joa.or.jp/public/sick/condition/meniscal_tear.html)
・Optimal Reagents for Neuroproteomics: Understanding the Molecular Organization and
the Complexity of Brain / Nervous System Suzanne Smith, M.S; Scott Meier, M.S.; Hai-Yan
Wu, Ph.D.; Kay (Reading 11/18/2021）(http://apps.thermoscientific.com/media/cmd/HUPO_2012/569_iHupo2012.pdf)
・Economies of scale are a way to reduce costs.（Reading 11/18/2021）(https://product-senses.mazrica.com/senseslab/business-efficiency/scale-merit)Practical Application of Allelopathic Conversion to Pesticides and Its
Drawbacks〜Potential of Allelopathy as a Pesticide〜
5311

Tsuganezawa Sora

Abstract
Rather than planting allelopathic* plants on the land to benefit from them, we should
consider whether we can extract the allelopathic substances themselves as medicines and use
them by sprinkling them on the land. Since different types of allelopathic substances inhibit
or promote different things, we can expect to reduce the negative effects on the plants wewant to grow. Compared to direct planting of allelopathic plants, the land can be used for
agriculture and the plants do not die and become fertilizer. However, the use of hairy vetch,
which is said to have strong allelopathic properties, as a pesticide is not realistic at the
moment due to the cost of the land needed to grow the allelopathic plants and the labor
required to produce the allelopathy. It will be a challenge to try other plants than hairy vetch
and to estimate the labor required to grow and produce allelopathy.
※Allelopathy
A phenomenon in which a chemical substance released by a plant exerts some kind of
inhibitory or facilitative effect on other organisms.

１

Introduction
When dealing with pesticides in Japan today, there are many things to be aware of, such as

the storage environment, the weather at the time of use, and the environment of the vehicle
used. In fact, according to the "Guide to the Safe Use of Pesticides - Fukui Prefecture","People with the following conditions should refrain from working: 1) Those who are
fatigued, 2) Those whose physical strength, especially liver function, is deteriorating" and"Hot weather is dangerous because sweat glands open up and absorb pesticides more easily.

Today, Japan's agricultural workers are also aging. Farming is hard work, and as people getolder, their physical strength naturally decreases. Even if the pesticides sold in Japan are
designed to be safe for pesticide users, the risk of harm to the human body is not zero. In
addition, for example, for pesticide users in countries where the temperature is high all year
round near the equator, we can expect a high possibility of pesticides causing harm to thehuman body, not only in terms of temperature but also in terms of pesticide safety. Therefore,
I thought that by proposing pesticides with only natural ingredients, we could take into
consideration the health of pesticide users in countries other than Japan. For example,
asparagus has such strong allelopathy that its own allelopathy can cause continuous crop
failure, but I have never heard of anyone dying from asparagus. Since there is already amethod of planting allelopathic plants directly on the land and receiving their effects, thepurpose of this project was to see if the substance itself, which is the source of allelopathy,
could be extracted as a medicine and used in the form of spraying on the land.
The sandwich method is used to observe the growth inhibition rate of only the allelopathic
plants used on other plants, and to examine the effect of allelopathy alone, without the
influence of shading or fertilizer on the allelopathic plants. If the growth inhibition rate oflarval sprouts of lettuce in the sandwich method of plants studied in the previous research is
X (%), then X (%) of the plants that should have grown in the same range as the sandwich
method will not grow. Based on the live weight of the plant needed in this case and the live
weight of the part of the plant used in the experiment, determine how much of the area can becovered by one plant. If possible, it would be desirable to study the labor required to extract
the allelopathy, the labor and equipment required to grow the plants, and the difference inallelopathic effect between the larval shoots of lettuce and "weeds" in general, but this was
not possible this time.

２

Discussion and implications
In the case of hairy vetch, according to "Weed Suppression by Allelopathy of Hairy Vetch- Core'', 10mg of hairy vetch leaves and stems allelopathically alone will prevent 70% of 10
weed plants in 9.6㎠ size from germinating. In 2014, Japan's cropped area was 1.92 squaremeters. In Japan in 2014, the total area of cropping was about 4 millions ha, so we need
21593.75 allelopathic plants. This amount of hairy vetch is expected to take a lot of time andeffort to grow, collect, sort out the parts, and extract. Therefore, at least, the use of hairy vetch
as a pesticide is not practical at the moment.

３

Conclusion
I should try other plants and to predict the labor required for cultivation and extraction. In

addition, since we assumed that lettuce, which is susceptible to allelopathy, and weeds ingeneral have the same resistance to allelopathy, we need to investigate the resistance of
weeds.

４

References「アレロパシー研究の最前線 - 農研機構 – affrc」<www.naro.affrc.go.jp › techdoc › inovlec2004>（2020/7/22）「ヘアリーベッチのアレロパシーによる雑草抑制効果–Core 」<https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/59164339.pdf>（2021/1/6）「5 アレロパシーの効果に関する実験」 （2021/1/6）<http://www.rinya.maff.go.jp/j/kokuyu_rinya/kakusyu_siryo/pdf/00446_4_h14_002.pdf>「ヘアリーベッチ - 農研機構」<https://www.naro.affrc.go.jp/org/niah/disease_poisoning/plants/hairyvetch.html>（2021/1/13）「セイルミツギ 植物性除草剤」<http://sil.sub.jp/zyosozai.html>（2021/1/20）「除草剤を使わず、塩で安全除草︕︕ - 暮らしの読みもの - EM ... 」<https://www.em-seikatsu.co.jp/contents/reading/detail.php?id=133>（2021/1/20）「農地⾯積の動向︓農林⽔産省」（2021/1/20）<https://www.maff.go.jp/j/wpaper/w_maff/h27/h27_h/trend/part1/chap2/c2_0_02.html＞「農薬安全使⽤ガイド - 福井県」
<www.pref.fukui.lg.jp › noujou-nouyaku_guide_d › fil>（2021/3/21）

Reduce Paper, Reduce Luggage, and Protect the Earth~Using Electronic Devices to Go Paperless in Schools~

5313 Name:Soken Nakayama

Abstract
There is one thing that I have always complained about in our school life. One of thereasons is that my luggage is heavy. This is because of the large amount of paper. According
to the World Wildlife Fund(WWF), using too much paper has a negative impact on theenvironment. Therefore, my goal was to reduce the amount of paper used, thereby reducing
the amount of luggage and protecting the earth. To achieve this goal, I am trying to use the
Global and Innovation Gateway forAll school(GIGA school) concept to reduce the amount of
paper used and provide everyone with equal IT skills so that there is no information gap.

１

Introduction

１－１ Purpose of the study
I use a bicycle to get to school, I have always been frustrated by one thing. One thing I
have always complained about is how heavy my luggage is. I looked into what was making it
heavy and found out that it was the paper (textbooks, notebooks, newsletters, class prints). I
know some of you may say, "Maybe it's because you don't organize your stuff well." I don't
think so. Especially before a test, you need to bring home a lot of textbooks, notebooks, andhandouts. Some people even bring all their textbooks, notebooks, and handouts home to study
all their subjects on weekends. In a previous presentation on this research, I focused on theamount of luggage, and many people shared this opinion. In addition, I used to carry a large
amount of luggage by using a handbag, which caused an inflammation of my wrist called
carpal tunnel syndrome, and even now, six months later, I cannot carry heavy luggage.
Furthermore, since I couldn't use my hands to carry the load, I had to use a bag instead, which
worsened my herniated disc. I also had a question here. We use a lot of paper in school, notonly textbooks and notebooks, also printed materials, I wondered if we were using too much
paper. According to the WWF, "Japan's annual paper consumption is 201 kg, far more than
the world average of 56 kg per capita, and the country consumes the most paper in the world.
In addition, Indonesia, a country that exports many paper products to Japan and accounts for
63% of the copy paper imported to Japan in 2019, has been losing large areas of its richtropical forests to plantations of trees used to make paper for many years. In these areas, notonly have forest ecosystems, symbolized by the now endangered tiger and elephant, beendamaged, there are also reports of violations of the rights of indigenous and local people."
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), "10
million hectares of forests were lost between 2015 and 2020." On the other hand, it is also
reported that some forests have increased due to afforestation and natural regeneration. The
environment of artificial forests planted for industrial purposes differs greatly from that ofnatural forests, and it generally takes many years to restore a lost forest and the ecosystemthat existed in it to its original state. For these reasons, simply offsetting the area of
deforestation with the area of increase may lead to an underestimation of the reality of
deforestation, which should be faced. This situation is happening all over the world." For thisreason, I decided that I wanted to protect the earth by reducing the amount of paper used.
Even more conveniently, reducing paper consumption means less baggage. In other words, I
realized that reducing the amount of paper consumption would be kind to the global
environment, and we would also be able to reduce our baggage, which would benefit bothparties. That is why I started my research on the theme of "Reduce Paper, Reduce Luggage,
Protect the Earth" with the sub-theme of "Using Electronic Devices to Go Paperless in
Schools. However, I thought it would be difficult to achieve the goal of reducing paper use if
it became more inconvenient than before. Therefore, I decided to conduct my research with
the idea of reducing the amount of paper used without lowering productivity by making it asconvenient as before or more convenient than before.

１－２Research Method
1) Think.
2) Research on the Internet.

3) Thinking based on this information.
3) Based on this information, think.
4) Use electronic devices and try it out.
5) Summarize again.
Repeat 1) ~ 5) steps.

２

Discussion and implications

When I explored how electronic devices could be used to replace them, I found that theiPad was the best choice. First, according to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology (MEXT), there are three types of computers that are given to each
student: Windows PCs, iPads, and ChromeBooks. Secondly, the size of the iPad is almost thesame as that of an B5 sheet of paper, and the screen ratio is the closest to that of an B5 sheetof paper, making it possible to view regularly distributed school communications in data
format without stress. Thirdly, the iPad comes with an accessory called Apple Pencil, whichallows you to write handwriting without stress. Moreover, if the Apple Pencil is expensive
and your budget is high, you can substitute it with a third party one. There are also manydifferent types of keyboards to choose from, and you can buy one within the government
subsidy, or if you have the budget, you can go for a slightly higher grade.

３

Conclusion
There are schools that hand out Windows PCs and ChromeBooks instead of iPads, so weneed to find a way to replace these two devices. In addition, due to the fact that the iPads are
distributed to all elementary and junior high school students, some of them may not be goodat operating machines, so it is necessary to improve the system so that it can be used byanyone. We will continue our research on these issues.

４

References「森林保全と持続可能な紙利⽤」

〈https://www.wwf.or.jp/activities/basicinfo/1382.html〉(2020/09/02）「GIGAスクール構想について」〈https://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/other/index_0001111.htm〉(2021/02/10）「iPad」〈https://www.apple.com/jp/ipad-10.2/〉(2021/02/10）「ロジクール ワイヤレスキーボード」〈ロジクール ワイヤレスキーボード K480BK
Bluetooth キーボード ワイヤレス 無 線 Windows Mac iOS Android Chrome K480 ブ
ラック 国内正規品 2年間無償保証〉（2021/02/12）「ととゆめぶろぐ「【2020年】iPadでも使える︕『logicool K480 マルチデバイス
ワイヤレスキーボード』レビュー︕」〈https://osakanadream.com/logicool-k480〉（2021/02/12）「iPad in education: A case study of iPad adoption and use in a primary school」〈https://a.storyblok.com/f/62420/x/6bde1f6bb0/2012-hicss-ipad-in-education.pdf〉（2021/11/19）

Bringing High Technology to Foreign Workers' Home Countries~Workforce for the Mother Country~
5315 Fujino Toji
1 Perpas
Every year, about 160 million people worldwide are affected by disasters, which claim about
100,000 lives and cause more than 40 billion dollars in damages. In the last decade, both the numberof incidents and the number of people affected have tripled compared to the 1970s. In some of theleast developed countries, the amount of damage can be more than twice the GDP, and disasters affectthese countries in many ways.
2 Disaster Reduction Strategies in Developing Countries
Establishment of disaster management system and legal framework. In developing countries,
there is no department in charge of disaster management in the central or local governments, and insome countries, when a disaster occurs, it is left to the Red Cross Society. Therefore, the first task fordeveloping countries is to establish a national disaster management system and legal framework. For
example, it is important to lay the foundation for a national disaster prevention system by developing
a basic law on disaster countermeasures and establishing a central disaster prevention council.
Next, I would like to talk about the integration of the perspective of disaster reduction intodevelopment planning. In order to build a disaster-resilient country, it is necessary to incorporate theperspective of disaster reduction into development planning. In order to achieve this, risks should be
identified, analyzed and assessed, disaster reduction should be recognized as worthy of investment at
the national level, and effective measures with high priority should be identified and incorporated into
national development plans.
3 About LDC
There are 9 countries in Asia, 33 countries in Africa, 3 countries in Oceania, and 1 country inNorth America. In those countries, the percentage of people who lose their lives due to natural

disasters is high due to the lack of infrastructure, even in urban areas, and this is considered a
problem. It is necessary to improve the infrastructure and disaster prevention in those countries.
4 Hazard map
I decided to prepare hazard maps. In poor countries, there are many areas where hazard maps
are not widely available. At first, I wanted to create a hazard map that could be viewed on the web andshow in real time the availability of open spaces, food, and whether the area was safe or not, but I
decided against it because the infrastructure was not well developed and the internet penetration rate
was 28.0% in post-developing countries. So we decided to use the analog method of writing on paper.
However, there are two problems so far: first, the low literacy rate means that people may notunderstand what is written on the maps, and second, there is a need to build safe shelters in the firstplace. The first problem can be solved by increasing the literacy rate, but it is not an easy problem tosolve. The first problem can be solved by increasing the literacy rate, but it is not an easy problem tosolve, and it cannot be solved in a short time, so alternative measures must be taken. The first step isto simplify the hazard maps as much as possible. For the second problem, we will probably be able tofind cheap and effective shelters from Michael Dachniel on the Internet, as well as many otherpeople's research.
5 Issue
One of the challenges of this research is that we need to come up with a more specific hazard
map, and in order to do that, we need to survey and compile the topography of all developing
countries. In addition to hazard maps, we need to create a safe evacuation shelter and create anenvironment where people can live in comfort and privacy. There are people and companies that havedeveloped simple tents, so we need to refer to them and think of more specific facilities. We also needto think about how to solve this problem, because in areas where it is difficult to get water even indaily life, it will be even more difficult to get water in times of disaster.
References
http://www.bousai.go.jp/kaigirep/hakusho/h17/bousai2005/html/honmon/hm140107.htm
https://www.hungerfree.net/hunger/background/special9_1/
https://www.apiste.co.jp/column/detail/id=4629
https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/adm/fsi/ja/projects/sdgs/projects_00184.html

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tits1996/12/11/12_11_42/_pdf

Revival of Japanese Motorsports~Environmentally Friendly ”Hands-on” Motorsports~
5317 Fujiwara Toranosuke
Abstract
Now, spectators of Japanese motorsports are decreasing year by year. I think it is aproblem from the view of the economy and sustaining motorsports. Nakajima (2010) claimed
that there are fewer opportunities to experience than other sports. Thus we should make suchchances because experiences can be a reason for participation and improving interest. Then I
think a competition that we can participate freely without any tools is needed. I suggest using“Auto test” and ”VR technology” to resolve the issue. Auto test is a competition that we canparticipate in with our own car. In addition, VR technology enables people of all ages toexperience motorsports. I believe that they will revive Japanese motorsports.

１

Introduction
What should be solved in the field of motorsports is the lack of opportunities to experience

it. Thus I think it’s necessary to provide a competition in which people can participate freely.
Moreover I will try to think about what is needed for such competition in this research.
Previous research clarified the positioning of Japanese motorsports and raised issues. My
research’s purpose is to resolve the issues to make people interested in motorsports. I will try
to verify my hypothesis by using previous research and the internet. Finally, I want to suggest
how to revitalize the local economy by increasing Japanese interest in motorsports andrevitalizing the Japanese motorsports industry, which has been in decline. Another purpose isto prevent young people from drifting away from cars.

２

Discussion and implications
As I told, Japanese motorsports don’t have enough opportunities to experience for bothchildren and adults.

What I thought was needed here was a "motor sports competition or event that does not
require anything special and can be experienced easily. I found out that a competition that fits
this description has recently begun to be held in Japan. It is called "Autotest" and originatedin the UK. There is no need for a special vehicle or license to participate, the entry fee is only
3,000 to 5,000 yen, and the event can be held in the parking lot of a shopping mall. On theother hand, one of the challenges is that the sport has only recently started, so the awarenessand the number of events are low compared to the UK, where the sport originated. I thoughtthat by solving these problems and promoting the sport, I could contribute to increasing
interest in motor sports.
In addition to Auto Test, another idea that can contribute to increasing interest in
motorsports is the use of virtual reality (VR) technology. In recent years, there has been aworldwide debate on the environmental impact of motorsports. As a result, races are being
held in which only electric vehicles are allowed to participate, and motor sports are required
to consider the environment in accordance with the SDGs. VR technology is advancing day
by day, and it is now possible to experience the same sense of realism as riding in an actual
racing car. Father, since you are not driving a real car, there is no negative impact on theenvironment, and even minors can have a quality experience. In addition to this, theadvantage of VR experience is that it can be experienced anywhere. Many motor sports
circuits are located in the suburbs of cities and are not easily accessible, so we thought thatsetting up venues where people can experience such experiences at motorsports circuits
during events would help increase interest.

３

Conclusion
As I told in Discussion and Impacts, I propose two ideas, Auto Test and VR experiences.

They solve the problem that there are few opportunities to experience Motorsports, andincrease the interests. Specifically, Autotesting will resolve the problem with chance toexperience because it is easy to participate in and costs little. Additionally, though, Today’s
motorsports need a special car and license, it doesn’t require anything. Also VR technology
can solve the problem with age. It’s impossible for children to experience driving cars.
However it is available for all ages. Besides, we will experience it anywhere because itdoesn't need large equipment. Moreover, it is a very eco-friendly event.
However there are some problems with them. About the Auto Test, the number of thisevent in Japan is small. That’s why I think it is a good idea to hold large scale competitions
because there aren’t such competitions in Japan. By holding them and cooperating with local
governments, we can increase the number of them to make people interested in it. Also thismeasure has nothing to do with the environmental dimension. Thus competition only forelectric cars will contribute to conservation of the environment. About VR experiences, mostVR videos of motorsports are made by CG. Therefore I think it will make experiences
realistic to use actual race footage from a racer's-eye camera attached to a car participating ina famous race such as F1 or superGT.
I propose these measures to increase the interests of Motorsports. In future, I would like totry to think about regulation of such large Auto Test competitions. Also, it is necessary tothink about the way to make it environmentally friendly because there are no ideas in termsof environmental protection.

４

References

Nakajima Kazuki（2010）「Four-Wheel Motorsports Culture and Issues in Japan: A Studyof Racing through Sports Culture Systems」Waseda University Graduate School of Sport
Sciences （10/11, 2021）＜http://www.waseda.jp/sports/supoken/research/2010_2/5009A061.pdf＞
５

Biography「Saitama's JAF Registered Club Holds First Auto Test at Tsukuba Course 1000」（JAF MotorsportsNews）（10/18, 2021）＜http://jaf-sports.jp/topics/detail_000478.htm＞「Spectator numbers for the F1 Japanese Grand Prix」（Fomula1Data）（11/3, 2021）＜https://formula1-data.com/media/8870＞「What is Auto Test?」

（JAF Motrsports Auto Test）（10/18, 2021）＜http://jaf-sports.jp/autotest/summary.htm＞「Experience Motorsports in VR, VR Park Tokyo, Shibuya」（GazooOffisialHP）（8/7, 2021）＜https://gazoo.com/column/daily/17/06/14/＞
PJ Tranter (2005)「The place of motorsport in public health: an Australian perspective」(11/3, 2021)<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1353829204000632>

The Ways of the Orchestra~To Increase the Number of New and Young Audiences~
5319

Kento Homma

Abstract
The orchestra is suffering from the aging of the classical music fans who are the chronic
audience, anxiety about the declining population, and lack of funds. In order to solve these
problems, it is necessary to implement sustainable and sound management by reforming the
aspect of attracting audiences. To solve this problem, it is necessary to implement sustainable
and sound management by reforming the way of attracting visitors. The first is to provide
mobile music classes and instrumental lessons by the group members to the school-going
generation, which is relatively more familiar with music, referring to the example of the UK.
The second is to provide concerts for children and performances with famous artists for thechild-rearing generation and their children (mainly preschool children), who currently havethe smallest audience. The second is to provide concerts for children and performances withfamous artists for the child-rearing generation and their children (mainly preschoolers), who
are currently the smallest audience.
１

Introduction

In Gunma Prefecture, there is a thriving music culture centered on the Gunma SymphonyOrchestra, and there are music facilities and organizations that are closely connected to thecommunity. However, in recent years, the number of fans of the Gunma Symphony Orchestra
and other orchestras in urban and regional areas in Japan has been "about 3.5 million and has
been leveling off in recent years" (Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications, 2015), but "the number of young people in their 20s and 30s who visit
concerts has been decreasing, especially in rural areas, and the audiences are also expected todecrease in the future. Many orchestras are concerned about this. (Kyushu University QR
Program Tsubasa Project, 2019) The orchestra has been planning programs for parents andchildren and beginners, but the reality is that they have not been very effective. According to"Organizational Issues of Japanese Orchestras" (Yuko Ohki and Akira Negi, 2001), orchestralissues can be divided into three categories: governance (budget allocation in the organization,etc.), business (implementation of new projects, etc.), and management (changes in personnel
and employment systems, etc.). Many of these issues have not yet been discovered, or even if
they have been discovered, they are still unresolved. In other words, Japan's regional
orchestras are in a state of complete darkness. It cannot be called sustainable management at
all. Later, it was found that "many regional orchestras have begun to work on governance andmanagement in recent years" (Nissay Basic Research Institute and Affinis Foundation, 2013).
In this study, we decided to focus on the business side, which has yet to be reformed.
In this context, “70% of Japanese people in their 20s to 50s have insomnia or are suspected

of having insomnia.” (Ajinomoto, 2015), and that “listening to classical music before bedtime
leads to a good and restful sleep” (sleepedia, 2019), I decided to clarify the relationshipbetween classical music, including orchestral music, and sleep, and set my research question
as "What are effective efforts to increase the audience? This study reaffirmed the research
path in the direction of proposing 'Concerts for Sleep'.
２

Discussion and implications①Research Methods
As a method of research, many things can be considered in today's society where
information is available on the Internet, in libraries, etc., but I chose the following.
I chose the following methods.
1) Searching for previous research and statistics on universities, foundations, orchestras,
etc., which are available on the Internet.
2) Search for literature on orchestras at public libraries and reading rooms in Gunma
Prefecture.
②Results and Challenges
First, we studied the relationship between sleep quality and classical music. Although
there are few scientific studies in this field, and although it is said to be effective for somepeople, it is believed that classical music contains "1/f fluctuation" ("a rhythm of nature thatis said to be present in almost everything in nature" (Yusuke Iwai, 2020)) and "alpha waves",
and that the relaxation effect of the music is involved. It is said that "music that does notstimulate the brain (e.g., up-tempo classical music), quiet music (which changes brain waves
into a-waves for relaxation, theta-waves for sleepiness, and delta-waves for sound sleep), andmusic that reminds us of nature (including 1/f fluctuation)" are effective for a good night's
sleep. In fact, using two weekends (four nights in total) and referring to "Yusuke Iwai, 2020,"
I set the sleep function to classical music (two movements of Dvorak's "From the New
World" and Bach's Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D major) and the music playback mentioned as
precautions, and used my own body to see if I could get a good night's sleep. In all four
experiments, I was able to fall asleep easily, sleep for more than eight hours continuously,
wake up easily, and get a good night's sleep without drowsiness during the day. According to"FRANCEBED/Frequently Asked Questions/Sleep/Recommended Music and Listening for
Better Sleep Quality," sounds emitted from nature are highly effective, so we decided that alive performance using musical instruments would be even more effective and decided topropose a "concert for sleep.
In order to make the proposal more realistic, we decided to use the concert format ofregional orchestras (excluding subscription concerts) as a standard. In formulating thecriteria, we referred to the "Yearbook of Professional Orchestras in Japan 2020" and "Concert
Information" (both published by the Japan Federation of Orchestras).
Standards for concert format(1) Performed mainly in halls with a capacity of 1,000 people or more
(2) Performed with an ensemble of about 50 to 80 guest performers.

(3) Performances begin in the afternoon on weekends and last about two hours includingintermission.
First, we discussed the location of the performance. As for the required sleep environment,(Ajinomoto National Sleep Awareness Survey, 2015) states that "using a smartphone before
sleep interferes with a good night's sleep," and (Ezaki Glico, 2018) states that bedding isimportant. Initially, we were planning to hold the event in a hall such as a cultural center
where classical concerts are mainly held, but since it is difficult to prepare seats where people
can lie down in those places, we changed our plan to hold the event in a "planetarium" that is
set up in a local children's center and has seats where people can lie down. However,compared to conventional halls, it was difficult to publicize the event, and since the numberof seats was small, the question arose as to whether it would be profitable.
Next, considering the composition of the orchestra, it was decided to change the concert tomainly chamber music with around 10 musicians, since a regular concert of 50 to 80 people
could not be held at a local planetarium. This also had the advantage of cutting costs, as it
eliminated the need for labor costs (about 200,000 yen per person) for the 20 or so extra
members required for a normal concert.
３

Conclusion

As a result, we ended up with this format. The problems that arose will be solved in future
research.
The format of the concert for sleep
1) Mainly at planetariums such as children's museums
2) Performed by a group of about 10 people3) On weekend afternoons for about two hours, including breaks.
Finally, when we surveyed 102 students of the Central Secondary School to find out if theywould like to attend this concert, those who answered that they had been to a classical concert
before in their 30s or younger generation answered "Tokyo Symphony Orchestra's
Questionnaire for Concertgoers and Internet Survey Results (Summary) (Tokyo SymphonyOrchestra) (2016)", 35 respondents answered that they would like to or would rather like to
go to a classical concert, while the percentage was less than 10% across the board. Throughmy research, I also found out that research and surveys in this field have not progressed. I
would like to be involved in the development of this field by continuing research and surveys
in the future.
Due to the spread of the new coronavirus, I have not been able to visit or make proposals
to orchestra organizations, but when the situation improves, I would like to visit them andobtain their opinions. Thank you for your cooperation in this research and for pointing thisout to us. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the students and teachers of theCentral Secondary School.
４ References
・Saeki, Shigeki (2010) "The World of Orchestra" Kawade Shobo Shinsha

Results of the questionnaire survey and internet survey for concertgoers of the Tokyo
Symphony Orchestra <http://tokyosymphony.jp/common/tso/images/pdf/report2016.pdf>(2021/6/19)
・Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Statistics Bureau, "Culture and Art
Activities from the Statistical Perspective: In the Wake of 'Culture Day〈http://www.stat.go.jp/data/shakai/topics/topi1050.html〉 (2021/6/19)
・"Issues and Social Roles of Japanese Orchestras: Focusing on the Situation of Professional
Orchestras in Tokyo" (Kenji Arai)(http://www.sangiin.go.jp/japanese/annai/chousa/rippou_chousa/backnumber/)
2016pdf/20161201073s.pdf〉(2021/6/19)
・"Organizational Issues of Japanese Orchestras" (Yuko Ohki and Akira Negi)［Research Report of Nagaoka University of Technology No.23 (2001)] (2021/6/19)
・The Role of Regional Orchestras in Society and Culture and Recommendations forManagement for the Next Generation: A Report of Interviews with Management andAdministration Teams(Kyushu University QR Program Tsubasa Project)〈https://www.kidnext.design.kyushu-u.ac.jp/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/.pdf〉(2021/6/19)
・Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare e-Health Net > Rest and Mental Health > Sleep
and Health > Deep relationship between sleep and lifestyle-related diseases<https://www.e-healthnet.mhlw.go.jp/information/heart/k-02-008.html> (August 14, 2021)
・Research and Study on the Nature of Orchestras｜Report - To be More Connected withSociety- (August 2013) (Nissay Research Institute and Affinis Cultural Foundation)(https://www.affinis.or.jp/research/info/pdf/all.pdf) (Sep. 1, 2021)
・sleepedia / 7 recommended classics to listen to during sleep for a good night's sleep(Yusuke Iwai) <https://sleepedia.jp/classic/> (2021/9/1)
・Ajinomoto National Sleep Awareness Survey<https://digitalpr.jp/r/14018> (2021/9/1)(Sep. 1, 2021)
・The Effects of Relaxing Classical Music on the Body and Brain〈https://beaire.com/en/aire-magazine/classical-music-and-relaxation〉 (2021/9/1)

・The Effects of Relaxing Classical Music on the Body and Brain 〈https://www.francebed.co.jp/umoureform/faq/sleep/sleep-music.html〉 (2021/9/1) FRANCEBED / About Sleep / Recommended Music and How to Listen to it to Improve
Sleep Quality 〈https://www.francebed.co.jp/umoureform/faq/sleep/sleep-music.html〉(2021/9/1)
・Ezaki Glico/Rehydration and citric acid reset the body What is good sleep? What is a goodnight's sleep? What you can do right now to improve the quality of your sleep<https://cp.glico.jp/powerpro/citric-acid/entry91/> (2021/9/1)
・Japan Orchestra Federation/Concert Information <https://www.orchestra.or.jp/concerts/>(September 1, 2021)
・Japan's Professional Orchestra Yearbook 2020" ()(https://www.orchestra.or.jp/library/uploads/orchestra_yearbook2020-all.pdf)(September 1, 2021)

Rubik’s Cube in Early Childhood Education~Improving Intelligence by Using Rubik’s Cube~
5320 Haruto Miyaguchi
Abstract
According to the Japan Rubik’s Cube Association, the population of Japanesecompetitors is small compared to other countries. In this study, I considered theusefulness of the Rubik's Cube by comparing it with China. It is connected to
improve intelligence to solve rubik’s cube. Practically according to a study
conducted by Tokyo Rika university,
１

Introduction
Based on the research conducted by the Tokyo University of Science Suwa, weconcluded that there is a sufficient relationship between Rubik's Cube and academic
achievement, and discussed ways to spread it.
First of all, we collected information about Rubik's Cube in Japan by researching theliterature. The first step is to collect information about Rubik's Cube in Japan, suchas the number of competitors, production volume, and the level of competitors. Next,
we collected the same information in China and compared them. Secondly, based on
the information we collected, we discussed and investigated ways to increase thenumber of competitors.

２

Discussion and implications
According to information from the Japan Rubik's Association, the percentage of Rubik's
Cube competitors in the Japanese population is low compared to the rest of theworld. I also checked the Japanese record and the world record as an indicator of thelevel of competitors, and found that the world record is 3.47 seconds in China, while
the Japanese record is 4.80 seconds. The Japanese record is 4.80 seconds, while theChinese world record is 3.47 seconds (as of March 22, 2022).
I also looked into the production of Rubik's Cube and found out that 100% of thecompetition Rubik's Cube is made in China. The difference between the competition
Rubik's Cube and the puzzle Rubik's Cube is that the competition Rubik's Cube has acorner cut. Competition Rubik's cubes have a magnetic system and the rotation issmoother than that of puzzle cubes. Since there are many Rubik's Cubes produced in
China, there is a difference in the way they are accepted by people in China andJapan. For example, in China, there are Rubik's Cube classes, and it has become apopular learning activity, but in Japan, there are no such classes. The following tablesummarizes the information so far.

<Table1>

recordawardsproduction output

recognitionJapan

4.80sec

2007year0％no school

China

3.4sec2020year

100％

exsist school

From the above, it can be said that there are two reasons why Rubik's Cube has not
spread in Japan today: production volume and the way it is perceived. In this study,
we decided to focus on the way it is perceived. Since it was found that playing with
Rubik's Cube at a young age helps to improve academic performance, we thoughtthat introducing Rubik's Cube to kindergartens would help to improve academic
performance. I thought that introducing Rubik's Cube as a toy would save themaintenance cost of Rubik's class and would also attract young children. There are
two main reasons why we chose to target young children. The first reason is thatyoung children benefit more from Rubik's Cube for their brain development thanother age groups. By using their fingertips a lot while they are young, their brain
development is stimulated. Secondly, young children have more time to spare thanother age groups. For these reasons, I thought of introducing Rubik's Cube tokindergartens, targeting young children. One of the biggest problems is that there are
not enough instruction manuals. The ideal instruction manual would have fewer steps
to remember and be easy to understand and put together. It would be ideal to startwith the fun part of putting the steps together, and then gradually increase thenumber of steps. What is important here is the order of the steps to be learned. Manyof the current instruction manuals are just a list of steps, and the problem is that it is
not possible to become faster efficiently.
３Conclusion
I would like to increase the number of Rubik's Cube competitors by making anefficient instruction manual and using it to spread Rubik's Cube to kindergartens.

４

References
AFP BB NEWS<https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/2294910>
TriBOXstore<https://store.tribox.com/>
PRTIMES<https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000480.000005808.html >くるくる会

<https://kurukurukai.com/?p=853>
⽇本ルービック協会<https://jrca.cc/>
ベネッセ教育情報サイト<https://benesse.jp/>

The Assurance of Elementary Education by Using E-Learning Systems~The Learning Style Which Allows African Children to Study Continuously and Peacefully~
5322 Akuzawa Kaho
Abstract
Now the educational gap in the world is a serious problem. I concentrated on
Africa, and researched the best educational style for children there. The reason why
they cannot go to school is different from country to country, but this time I focusedon destruction of school buildings, lack of teachers, low quality of education,anddifficulty of commuting. As a result, it turned out to be effective that local people
who have teaching licenses make movie contents and children learn through themovie by using an e-learning system.

１

Introduction
As mentiond above, the educational gap is a global issue. It is the case that one
student out of 11, who should be provided with education, can not go to school now.
And these children are concentrated in the south of the Sahara. Elementary education
is a minimum requirement of academic ability. Lack of this is the cause of poverty’s
reproduction. Without elementary education, they can not acquire literacy and basic
knowledge. Then, the work they can take will be limited. Therefore such work may
provide unstable income. If we do not enable those children to take a job with aguaranteed stable income, this reproduction of poverty will last. Thus I focused on
Africa and researched which style is best suited to African children. The reason why
I paid attention to the style of study is that children will not be motivated if children
have to walk to faraway schools like the present, and also it is possible that they
repeat construction and restoration due to the constant conflicts. Then I came up
with a study with an e-learning system, which many schools adopted in thispandemic. What is the merit of this learning system? It can be a solution to teachers'shortage and improving the quality of lessons. I set the research question to “ Is thee-learning system effective for the assurance of elementary education?” andadvanced this study toward a suggestion of a practical new style of study.

２

Discussion and implication
First, it turned out that the reasons why children can not go to school vary.
According to JICA, they can not go to school because they have their own work to
support their family income, or school buildings are destroyed by conflicts, They can
not go to school safely owing to conflicts and wild animals, or they are lacking inteachers,and the quality of lessons. Taking Central Africa as an example,
worldbank.org said in 2021 the student number per teacher is 83.41. It is clear thateach child can not get enough education. Then I thought, what if schools are nearer
than now or they can study on the Internet. UNICEF said once children get not to go
to school, they tend not to go anymore, because they can not catch up with theprogress of classes, and there are age limitations. However, they can study at theirown pace and take the same lessons any number of times, so there is no worry about
delay. Then I researched the preceding study on the introduction of e-learning
systems at a kenyan university. The study showed that students who used thee-learning system earned higher marks on the test on average than students who
normally studied. Also they could succeed in reducing the number of teachers. In the
study, they also examined the utility of video, and movie distribution and it wasproved to be useful for student’s understanding.

３

Conclusion
Through literature survey, I think of the studying system where children can study
by watching video contents made by qualified local teachers. However I hit a wall :In Africa few students have access to the internet. According to the Ministry ofInternal Affairs and Communications, in 2015, the adoption rate of the Internet wasunder 25 percent. When it comes to providing all children with tablet terminals, itcosts too much. Then I recommend studying at a community center instead. This
style specializes in studying aspects of school. It offers children with terminals andthey go to study there. Community center is on a modest scale, so it is easier to buildand nearer than schools. Also some teachers go to a community center, and support
children’s study.
We would be able to solve the lack of teachers and quality of learning, but there is
still a financial problem. Taking Niger as an analogy, a country with the lowest
literacy rate, there are about 40,000 children whose age is from 5 to 9. The area isabout 126700 square kilometers, assuming the route is within 3 kilometers , we need
140000 community centers, also we need some tablet terminals per community
center. Now I think used tablet terminals are good to save the cost, but it is difficult
to collect enough apparatus.

４

References

・「ケニア国教育の質向上のためのeラーニングシステム導⼊に係る案件化調査」（独⽴⾏
政法⼈JIKA株式会社教育情報サービスhttps://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12306619.pdf
最終閲覧⽇(20210315)
・総務省｜平成29年版 情報通信⽩書｜世界におけるICTインフラ...
https://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/whitepaper/ja/h29/html/nc144210.html(20210318)
・ユニセフ・ユネスコ最新報告書発表12〜15歳の⻘年期の⼦どもの5⼈にひとりが、⼩学校
年齢時の11⼈にひとりが学校に通えずhttps://www.unicef.or.jp/news/2015/0014.html(20210321)
・学校に通えない⼦どもたち_JICAhttps://www.jica.go.jp/mobile/hiroba/program/practice/education/materials/jhqv8b000005wd9
w-att/2_1.pdf(20210321)
・世界の果ての通学路|学び︕とシネマ
https://www.nichibun-g.co.jp/data/web-magazine/manabito/cinema/cinema096/⽇本⽂教出版(20210321)
・【アフリカ発︕Breaking News】南アの劣悪すぎる教育環境。9,229⼈の”ニセ教師”が教壇に⽴つ。（南ア） https://www.excite.co.jp/news/article/Techinsight_20101021_46224/(20210321)
・中央アフリカ共和国の教師1⼈当たりの⼩学校(初等教育)
https://graphtochart.com › ... › 中央アフリカ共和国(20211222)

Making Origami Community for Elderly People〜Prevent Dementia with Origami〜
5324 Araki Kanon
Abstract
I paid attention to the power of origami that provides us a chance to think about what wewant to do or which color fits our own expression in daily life. It is effective inpreventing dementia.
①the place where people can show their work
②the place where people can communicate with each other③the place where people can challenge test
About ③,I try to connect nurture a community with using “Origami teacher qualification
class system” that is sponsored by Japan Origami Association.It is becoming more and more
important to extend the healthy life span of people who can live on their own.

１

Introduction
The number of patients with dementia is increasing. In 2020 it was 602 million and it issaid that the number of people will reach nearly 700 million.
I focused on origami to develop the ability to make things with our own feelings. Origami
is also excellent in that it is easy to do. Lotte has a campaign called "Origami Club"that gum wrappers have cut lines to make squares. It is easy to do, and you can see
other people's work on social media.
There are no special tools or rules to follow, and I hope that people will enjoy usingorigami to activate their brains. In order to create more opportunities for people to interact
with origami, I would like to create an origami community, a place where people cancommunicate with each other through origami.

２

Discussion and implications
The detailed movements of the fingers in the space of origami stimulate our brain. In
addition, I thought that origami might be effective for dementia because we can use
the brain in a different way from daily life. However the effects of origami are very
different among individuals,and the communication that takes place when folding
origami and showing them to each other is said to be more effective in preventing
dementia (Nakagawa 2006). In this study, autonomy in communication or selectionof color, motif, information etc were admitted. This ability is essential to live an
active life and is also necessary for dementia prevention. Therefore, I consider that aplace with conversation is necessary when people fold origami.
Furthermore, according to Kondo (2018), when the rate of people requiring nursing care

was measured for five years by dividing the number of people who participated in salons heldby citizen volunteers at community halls (not only origami, but also chatting, exercising,making something, etc.) into those who did not participate and those who did not participate,
the rate was 6.3% for those who did participate, compared to 6.3% for those who did notparticipate. The rate of those who did not participate in the salon was about twice as high(14%) as that of those who did participate (6.3%). In addition, about 40% of those who
participated in the salons also started participating in community activities. It indicates thatparticipation in the salon leads to other activities. Therefore, I believe that the combination of
the salon system with more proactive communication will help prevent dementia frombecoming serious or even preventing it from happening in the first place.

３

Conclusion
It needs to get people interested in origami. I propose to hold an event to collectorigami works in the community and display them at museums, community centers,
train stations, and other places where the elderly often use. By going to see the worksof the elderly, they may be able to expand their range of activities and have theopportunity to participate in unexpected events. At the same time, I would like tocreate an environment where people who are slightly interested in origami can try
folding by putting up information about the origami salon. It is important to takemeasures to convey the message even to the elderly, such as soliciting works in local
magazines and newspapers, and introducing excellent works.

In order to hold a salon, it is necessary to have a main person like an instructor. Most ofthem have been conducted by citizen volunteers, and the location is often chosen to be acommunity center or the host's home, where there is no need to charge a fee from the users.
In a questionnaire survey conducted by Ishitobi, Uemura, Kanda, Takeda, Tsujihara, Hayashi,
Hirase, Fujikawa, Yamane, Oda, and Ochiai (2011) on issues related to the operation ofsalons for the elderly, the following questions were asked(1) Non-participation by elderly people living alone, (2) Difficulties in maintaining
motivation to participate, (3) Difficulties in the activities of male welfare committee membersin their prime working years, (4) Difficulties in caring for elderly people(4) Difficulties in activities due to the aging of caretakers and lack of human resources(5) Difficulties in devising plans (6) Inadequate storage and utilization of activity records (7)Lack of communication and awareness of social support (8) Difficulty in securing a budget
and difficulty in using subsidies due to restrictions on their use (9) Lack of places to holdsalons and the number of times to hold salons (10) Lack of environmental maintenance of
places to hold salons (Shimane Prefectural University Junior College Izumo Campus
Research Bulletin, Vol. 6, p. 125).

To hold salons on a regular basis, it is not possible torely entirely on volunteers, and cooperation with the government is necessary. The Ministryof Health, Labour and Welfare Bureau of Health and Welfare for the Elderly (2019)
introduces salons as "places to go" in order to revitalize towns. In addition, the "Grant forStrengthening Insurer Functions'' was newly established in FY 2008, and financial support
can be received depending on the status of the development of "places to go. This will
increase the budget for securing space and tools to be used, and is expected to further
enhance salon systems.

However, as mentioned in (2), (3), and (4) of Ishitobi et al. (2011), even if salons are held
once a month, it is necessary to take measures to compensate for the shortage of humanresources, such as the aging of the organizers themselves and the lack of successors, and todevise ways to motivate participants to continue participating. As with funding, local
governments may need to provide support in the area of human resources. If people can bedispatched, the scale can be increased. If cooperation with outside organizations becomesstronger, it will be possible to dispatch specialists. Also, if there is a place where people canconsult about the plans for the salon, they will be more aware of the contents and details, andthe burden on the organizers will be reduced. If you specialize in origami, the Japan Origami
Association already has a system to qualify as an origami instructor. Once you complete theassignments and get the instructor certification, you can open a workshop. Some of thepeople who have established Origami groups overseas use this system. Individuals
challenging such a system may also be a reason to continue Origami in that they can set asingle goal and create an environment to work towards it. I think it would be a good idea tointroduce this system at salons and community centers.
Many origami NPOs have been established to promote origami in welfare and public places
and to develop human resources. If a mechanism to collaborate with such externalorganizations can be established, we can expect more active participation in salons.
In addition, we would like to adopt a system where participants can choose their own
activities in order to make interaction in the salon more active. This would be an effective
way to start conversations and prevent dementia by increasing independence. If they canmake friends to talk to, they will be motivated to come back the next time.
The works made at the salon will be exhibited at events to raise self-affirmation andappeal to people who are newly interested in origami, which will lead to the formation anddevelopment of an origami community.

４

References

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Bureau of Health and Welfare for the Elderly (2019)"Comprehensive promotion of dementia measures (reference material)".

<https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/12300000/000519620.pdf.>

Lotte, "Lotte Origami Club."Accessed 2 15, 2021.
<https://www.lotte.co.jp/products/brand/origamibu/.>

Nakagawa, Yoshiko (2006) "An attempt of Japanese paper Chigiri-e for the elderly" Bulletinof Tokai Women's University (26), 191-198
Tokai Gakuin University

Kondo, Naomi (2018), "Community development as a measure against health disparities."<https://www.tyojyu.or.jp/net/topics/tokushu/koreisha-kenkokakusa/taisaku-machidukuri.htm
l.>Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Director-General of the Bureau of Health andWelfare for the Elderly (2019), "Future Community Development Strategies.
<https://kouseikyoku.mhlw.go.jp/kantoshinetsu/houkatsu/roukennkyokutyou1.pdf.>

Taeko Ishitobi, Naoko Uemura, Shiori Kanda, Mai Takeda, Nobue Tsujihara, Aoi Hayashi,
Yuri Hirase, Makiko Fujikawa, Yamane, Natsuo, Oda, Mikiko, Ochiai, Noriko, "Issues andMeasures in the Operation of Salons for the Elderly by Residents" (2011)
Journal of Shimane Prefectural University Junior College Izumo Campus, Vol. 6, 125-133

The World with Zero Hunger Created from Education for Adults~How to Break the Cycle of Poverty in Africa~

5325

Ayu Koyama

Abstract
According to "The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World"(FAO, 2020),
690 million people are suffering from starvation in the world now. It also said, Africa is theregion where starvation is the most serious especially. The purpose of this research is to find
one of the most effective ways to make the undernourished population zero. In order to do
this, I searched on the internet to investigate the current situation of world poverty and thecause of that problem. Also, I hold seminars with my classmates or teachers and discuss how
I can help people who live in famine areas. Through my research, I found that the biggest
cause of chronic starvation is the bad cycle of poverty. From these consequences, I propose to
make educational institutions for adults in Africa. This school must contribute to society
because it will be able to break the bad cycle of poverty. Then, it expects that the living levelof people who live in famine areas, the number of poor families are decreasing and thechronic starving population is declining. In addition, I also propose to establish a nurseryschool as an annex to that school. Thanks to this, women who have many children can cometo school and study easily.

１Introduction
Food is something that is absolutely necessary for humans to survive. In Japan, it is

no wonder that we eat three times a day. Most of us are fond of eating and some of us areenjoying deciding what to eat next. However, there are a lot of people in the world who
cannot take what is normal for us for granted. At the same age as me, so many people aresuffering from starvation.
According to "The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (FAO, 2020) ,the total number of undernourished people in the world today is about 690 million, or one in
11 of the world population. However, the world as a whole is not suffering from foodshortages, and there are some developed countries where food loss has become a national
problem.
The goal of this research is to reduce the world's undernourished population to zero.
I set the theme of "Zero Hunger" after learning about the hunger situation in theworld. This is because I would like to create a world where all people can afford to eat andenjoy food as a matter of course. The goal of this research is to find a way to eliminate
hunger in Africa, where the number of starving people is currently the highest. Diet helps tobuild a healthy body, and is also very important in the medical field in terms of making the
body less susceptible to diseases and reducing the number of people suffering from diseases.
I would like to utilize the knowledge and understanding I have gained through this researchwhen I become a doctor, which is my dream for the future.
The research procedure is as follows.
①Using the Internet, I researched the current state of food shortages and hunger in the world.
②Based on the information obtained, I did a self-brainstorming session to find out what theunderlying cause of the chronic starvation was.（Figure 1）③From the results obtained in ②, I selected "poverty" that I thought was solvable, and used
the Internet to research areas where poverty was serious and the status of poverty in thoseareas.
④I considered the reasons why poverty in impoverished areas is not disappearing, andproposed the establishment of educational institutions for adults as a solution.
⑤I held several seminars with my classmates to discuss the proposal.

Figure 1: Brainstorming on starvation (conducted on August 31, 2020）２

Discussion and implications
From "The State of Global Food Security and Nutrition (2020)," this study defines

undernourishment as "a condition in which an individual's daily food consumption is
insufficient to provide the amount of dietary energy needed to maintain a normal, active, andhealthy life. This condition shall also be referred to as "chronic starvation.

Ⅰ

The current situation of the world starvation
According to "The State of Global Food Security and Nutrition (FAO, 2020)," theworld's undernourished population is currently about 690 million, which means that one outof every 11 people in the world is hungry. According to the same data, the prevalence ofundernourishment and the undernourished population in the world have been on a gradualupward trend since 2014, after once decreasing, and are expected to account for 15% of thetotal population by 2030. （In addition, the WFP's "Hunger Map 2020: Undernourished
Population as a Percentage of the Total Population" (Figure 3) shows that countries in Africa
have the highest percentage of undernourished people in the total population. For this reason,and because it is difficult to generalize about world hunger due to differences in backgroundand national policies, I decided to focus on our research on the hunger problem in Africa.

Figure 2: Trends in the prevalence of undernutrition and undernourished population in theworld (from FAO State of the World's Food Security and Nutrition 2020)

Figure 3: WFP,"Hunger Map 2020: Undernourished Population as a Percentage of the Total
Population"

Ⅱ African poverty
According to JICA's "Do you know the MDGs?", it says that the main causes ofhunger today are poverty, natural disasters, food shortages, and conflict/war. This time, thegoal was to solve poverty, which is the biggest chronic cause of hunger. According to theJapanese Association of UNESCO Associations, the reason why chronic poverty is notdisappearing is due to the negative cycle of poverty. This is a negative loop in which children
born into poor families are forced to work as child laborers in order to support their families.
So as a result, they are unable to go to school and their literacy rate declines, and when they
start a family in the future, the family falls into poverty again. (→Figure 4)

Figure 4: The Negative Cycle of Poverty (Created based on the website of the Japanese
Association of UNESCO)I thought that in order to solve hunger in Africa, it was necessary to eliminate thisnegative cycle of poverty. Currently, efforts to support children who are unable to attend
school are being made by the World Terakoya Movement of the Japanese Association of
UNESCO, but the number of people living in chronic poverty has not significantly decreased.
Therefore, I thought that reviewing the education of adults would be an effective measure ineliminating the negative cycle. One of the reasons why people cannot escape from poverty isthat adults who could not attend school due to child labor are employed in low-income jobs,
and manual laborers and agricultural workers are cheated and receive only unfair amounts ofincome when they deal with employers.

Ⅲ

Suggestion
From Ⅰ and Ⅱ, I have learned that the cause of chronic hunger in Africa is a negative

cycle of poverty. Therefore, I propose the establishment of a school for adults in Africa with anursery school.
Specifically, I propose
・Reading and writing in the native language and English
・Basic arithmetic (such as the four arithmetic operations)
・Reading and writing in the native language and English
First of all, being able to read and write in one's native language and English will
prevent people from being cheated by unfair transactions because they cannot understand thecontents of contracts. Being able to read and write will also increase the number of careers
they can enter. Also, learning basic calculations will prevent you from being cheated intransactions related to wages.
In addition
・Engineering
・Agriculture
・Medicine・Nutrition
In addition to the above, we would like to elective classes in other fields of study.
The purpose of this is to allow students to choose the career they would like to pursue
in the future and the knowledge they would like to use in their future life, according to theirindividual needs. For example, if there are no hospitals or clinics in the immediate vicinity of
their current residence, they can reduce their medical expenses by learning accurate first aid
procedures that they can perform at home. Also, if they want to continue farming after
attending school, learning about soil and vegetable characteristics professionally will enableefficient mass production and increase their income potential. Since it is not always possible
to find a new job right away, the way to improve the current working environment should
also be considered with the students.
The reason for having a nursery school is to make it easier for people of all ages andgenders to attend school. In many parts of Africa, the birth rate is high, and there are so manycases, especially among women, where they take care of their children during the day, thatunless there is a place where they can take care of their children, women will not be able toattend. In addition to a daycare center, babysitters and childcare workers will need to be
hired, which will create new jobs.
Since most people have jobs that they currently hold, they can set up their personalschedules in different areas, such as two days a week, so that it does not interfere with theircurrent lives.

Ⅳ subject for future1) What kind of classes are needed in Africa?
2) How to adjust the class time to the rhythm of African people's life?
In order to make the proposal more concrete and feasible, we would like to examine
these two points.

３

Conclusion
Through this research, I have tried finding the current situation of hunger in the world

and its causes, and to find one way to help reduce the number of hungry people in the world
to zero.
Here is what I found out through this research. There are two types of hunger, chronic
and acute, and it is chronic hunger that we should be working to reduce. In addition, thechronically hungry population is especially large in Africa, and the rate of increase is
expected to be the highest in Africa in the future. I focused my research on Africa inparticular and found that the cause of hunger in Africa is due to the negative cycle of poverty.
Therefore, I concluded and proposed that educating adults would lead to breaking thenegative cycle of poverty.

４References

・WFP（2020）「Hunger map 2020 Undernourished population as a percentage of total
population」＜https://ja.wfp.org/publications/hankamatsufu-2020＞
・FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, WHO（2020）「The State of Food Security and Nutrition in
the World」＜http://www.fao.org/3/ca9699ja/ca9699ja.pdf＞
・National Federation of UNESCO Associations of Japan「World Terakoya Movement」＜https://www.unesco.or.jp/activities/terakoya/＞・WFP 「World hunger situation」＜http://119.245.211.13/kyokai/hunger.html＞
・WFP「Zero hunger」＜https://ja.wfp.org/zero-hunger＞
・FAO（2018）「The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World」＜http://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/en/＞
・JICA「Do you know MDGs︖」＜Microsoft Word - 110202_01.doc (jica.go.jp)＞
・UNICEF「Indicator to measure level of poverty」＜https://www.unicef.or.jp/kodomo/teacher/pdf/fo/fo_45.pdf＞
・Breaking the cycle of poverty: challenges for European early childhood education and care
: European Early Childhood Education Research Journal: Vol 22, No 3 (tandfonline.com)

Reduction of Flower Disposal Rate with Using Mobile Sales Car~The Way of Using Loss Flowers to Improve Happiness in Japan ~5326

Juna Suda

Abstract
In a typical flower shop in Japan, 30% to 40% of all flowers are discarded and thoseflowers are called loss flowers. There is a relationship between flowers and happiness.Basedon the facts, this study proposes the use of mobile sales cars as a way to get more people tobuy flowers to reduce the waste rate of flowers and improve the level of happiness in Japan.
According to a survey conducted by the Japan Flower Promotion Center, there were opinions
about flower shops that people do not know the prices and that they were closed and difficult
to enter. Mobile sales cars, which are relatively open, could solve such problems. Also, as thename implies, mobile sales cars can move around and sell flowers, so they can go to places
where flowers are needed and provide it to people who buy them. In this mobile sales car,loss flowers would be sold. They will be sold in quantities of one or two, and the price will be
set at around 200 yen so that people can easily buy them. Loss flowers will be collected fromwedding halls and other flower shops and advertise the information through SNS.
１

Introduction

Ⅰ Background and purpose
Many flowers are discarded at flower shops in Japan. Those flowers are called “lossflowers”. The purpose of this study is to propose a way to get more people to buy flowers inorder to reduce the loss flowers. In this study, I would like to propose a way to increase thenumber of people who buy flowers intending to improve their happiness. Also, the researchquestion is: How can we encourage Japanese people to buy more flowers to reduce the loss
flowers?

Ⅱ MethodInternet-Statistical surveys (World Happiness Survey, annual per capita flower consumption in theworld)-Current situation (flower disposal rate, why young people do not buy flowers)
Proposed solutions (examples of florists around the world)
２

Discussion and implications

3-1 Disposal rate of flowers
The disposal rate for a typical flower shop in Japan is said to be 30-40%, and even in thecase of flower shops with good data management, about 10% of the flowers are discarded. In
addition to this, there are flowers that are thrown away after being used in events such as
weddings, even though they are still in beautiful condition.

3-2 World Happiness Survey
Norway ranked first in the World Happiness Survey in 2017, followed by Denmark,Iceland, Switzerland, Finland and the Netherlands. Also, according to the Ministry ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries' survey of annual per capita flower consumption in theworld, Switzerland ranked first, Norway second, the Netherlands third, the United Kingdom
fourth, Denmark fifth, and Austria sixth. Comparing these two statistics, we can find a pointin common. The higher the happiness ranking is , the more flowers are consumed in thatcountry.
3-3 Current Situation of Florists
According to a survey conducted by the Flower Promotion Center in japan Flower Trade
Code Promotion Council, the common complains about flower shops are that they are
difficult to enter because they do not know the market price of flowers, flower often do nothave price tags on their flowers, which tends to make them feel uneasy. Also, once they entera flower shop, they feel as if they cannot leave without buying something. The percentage of
people who buy flowers 7 times or more per year increases after the age of 50. On the otherhand, half of the young people do not buy any flowers per year. According to Ota Seminar at
Aichi University, there are three main reasons why young people do not buy flowers, first
their family has a habit of buying flowers, second young people have few opportunities tocome into flowers themselves, and third, young people buy it only on special days, such as
christmas and mother’s day.

3-4 Mobile sales car of loss flowers
Flowers have a relaxing and stress-reducing effect. According to a study by Chiba
University (2012), the parasympathetic nervous system is promoted and the sympathetic
nervous system is suppressed when people see flowers. Bringing loss flowers into our life is
not only good for the environment in terms of reducing garbage but also has an impact on
individual happiness. In order to reduce the loss flowers, I would like to propose the use ofmobile sales cars to increase the number of opportunities to purchase flowers. This mobile
sales car will only sell loss flowers. One of the reasons for proposing a mobile sales car
instead of a store is that it can be moved to places where there is demand. The other reason isthat it is not closed so people do not feel an obstacle to enter. This mobile sales car will visit
flower shops or wedding halls to collect loss flowers. I would like to sell a small amount offlowers at a low price and display the price clearly. In a survey conducted by a flower
promotion center in 2012, there was a result that people had trouble finding a vase when theybrought flowers, so I would like to package flowers in vases that are not made of glass. As away of spreading information, I would like to use SNS and post posters in flower shops wecollect loss flowers,

３

Conclusion
To promote buying flowers using mobile sales cars in japan, I suggest using mobile sales

cars.It will be able to make it easier for us to enter flower shops. people in japan tend not toto buy flowers as I mentioned earlier. I would like to learn about behavior of purchasing to
make people buy flowers.

４

References

https://www.maff.go.jp/j/seisan/kaki/flower/pdf/kakimeguji1404_1.pdf<Current status of flowers> Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
2020/10/21
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/shokusan/export/e_enkatu/pdf/flowerh2.pdf<Overview of the Flower Industry in the Netherlands>
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
2020/10/21
https://worldhappiness.report/ed/2017/
WORLD HAPPINESS REPORT 20172020/11/15
https://www.mizuho-ir.co.jp/case/research/pdf/flower2012_01.pdf<Physiological Relaxation Effect of Visual Stimulation of Flowers>
Center for Environmental Health Field Science, Chiba University
2020/09/4
Bibliography
https://www.otalab.co.jp/
Ota Institute of Floral Life, Inc.
2020/08/26

Reduction of Wasted Food by Introducing Disposal Quota Trading~To Improve Nutritional Condition in Developing Countries~

5327 Yuna Takahashi

Abstract
Today, there are about 149,000,000 babies and infants in the world who are suffering frommalnutrition. However, it is wrong that the global food production is not enough to feed all
people in the world. If all people consume as much grain and many vegetables as Japanese,
the annual consumption of them would be much less than their annual production. Whatmatters here is “food waste” or “food loss” and in fact, about 1.3 billion tons of food iswasted every year, which is equivalent to 30% of annual food production worldwide.
Therefore, I suggest “disposal quota trading”. In this commitment, we decide the goal about
the amount of the world’s wasted food, distribute quotas for wasted food to each country, andenable each country to buy or sell the quota. By introducing this system, we can certainly
reduce the total disposal. Moreover, we may be able to improve infrastructure in developing
countries through establishing relationships between advanced countries which provide
technological backing for underdeveloped infrastructure concerned with food supply anddeveloping nations that sell a part of their quotas at a low price.

１

Introduction

According to UNICEF, there are as many as 690 million people in the world who are
suffering from malnutrition and the number of undernourished babies and infants is about
149 million. In addition, nutritional conditions vary greatly from country to country anddeveloping countries tend to have more people who are suffering from hunger than othercountries do. In Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where the problem is more serious, onethird of children are malnourished. When I learned this fact, I thought it was a big problem
that children in developing nations could not get enough food while many people in advanced
countries, including me, got more food than we really need. Thus, I took an interest in how
we could change this situation into where all people can eat adequate food. Today, many
people are concerned about this situation, but most of them only give food to poor people andthere are not many measures to solve it fundamentally. The final goal of this research is tosuggest one measure to realize a world where all people can get enough food for their growthand no one is suffering from starvation. In order to achieve this, I clarify why “lack of food”
is happening now by searching on the Internet for information on some kinds of food in termsof their production and consumption, and think about how to solve the problem that I find.

２

Discussion and implications
Ⅰ

World Production and Estimated Consumption (*1)
The annual world grain production is about 2.7 billion tons (FAO) and estimatedconsumption is less than 1.2 billion tons (*2) which is less than half of the annual
production. In case of vegetables, the annual world consumption would be about 766
million tons (*3) while the production is about 1.13 billion tons (statista). Even if I take
into consideration a prediction of population growth (*4), the grain consumption per year
would be approximately 1.5 billion tons and the vegetable consumption per year would benearly 962 million tons. It means that we produce more grain and vegetables to feed all
people in the world. On the other hand, the annual meat production is about 342 million
tons (our world in data), and it is not much enough. The world annual meat consumption
is 297 million tons (*5) and when we consider population growth (*4), it would be 370
million tons.
*1 I assumed that the world population is 7.8 billion according to worldometer and one
year is equivalent to 365 days.
*2 A Japanese consumes 415g of grain a day (the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare).
*3 A Japanese consumes 269g of vegetables a day (the Ministry of Health, Labor andWelfare).
*4 According to the United Nations, the world population will increase by 2 billion by
2050.
*5 A Japanese consumes 104.5g of meat a day (the Ministry of Health, Labor andWelfare).
Ⅱ

Examination and Proposal
As stated above, the production of grain and vegetables is ample for feeding all people

in the world. However, there are many people who cannot get enough food. Then, I paid
attention to wasted food as a reason for this situation. In fact, according to UNEP, 1.3
billion tons of food is thrown away, which is equal to 30% of annual food production.
Given this fact, I supposed that wasted food was a reason for “lack of food”. Then I
thought if the amount of wasted food is reduced, there will be more food for their citizens
in developing countries or a decline in food prices caused by an increase of food
distribution. If it really happens, it will be easier for poor countries or people to get more
food. Therefore, I decided to think about how to reduce the total amount of wasted foodand propose it. There are two kinds of wasted food: “food waste” and “food loss”. The
former refers to food wasted during a process from production to retail, while the latter
refers to one wasted by us, consumers. Among these two, “food loss” is popular inadvanced countries and the problem of wasted food of these countries are related to its
citizens’ consumption behavior, such as leftovers, excessive disposal or disposal of
expired food. Therefore, though governments’ efforts are also important, it is essential to
improve each person’s consciousness and change their ways of living. On the other hand,most developing countries have “food waste” problems instead of “food loss”, and it stems
from their lack of technology related to storehouses or refrigerated transport vehicles.
Thus, it is not the problem that they can solve by changing their thoughts or lifestyles, but
the one that they need to try to solve as a whole country. For these reasons, the problem ismore clear and easier to solve in developing countries than developed countries. However,
one reason for their lack of facilities is their lack of technology and it is difficult to solveby themselves now, even though it is easy for developed nations. Nonetheless, we cannot

wait until technological development happens in developing nations because lack of foodwill be accelerated during the term.

３

Conclusion
Given what I mentioned above, I propose “disposal quota trading”. This is what I
thought of by applying greenhouse gas emissions trading to disposal of food. In thiscommitment, we set the upper limit on wasted food as a whole world. Then, we distribute
quotas for wasted food to each country, and enable each country to buy or sell a part of its
quota. I think we can not only reduce the total amount of wasted food certainly, but also
encourage advanced nations to willingly support undeveloped nations in terms oftechnology. As mentioned above, it is difficult to reduce “food loss” in developed
countries because we cannot achieve it now despite many existing efforts. Meanwhile,“food waste” in developing countries is easy to decrease if there is backing from advanced
nations. Therefore, I aim to construct the relationship between developed and developing
countries: advanced nations support developing nations technologically in exchange forthe right to buy a part of the partner’s disposal quota at a low cost. If we can establish thisrelationship, it is expected that infrastructure is improved in developing countries and thedisparity between developed and developing countries will be corrected. On the other
hand, the meat production is not ample. Thus, in addition to the above-mentioned
commitment, we need to increase its production or find a new source of protein.
In this research, I only took into account cereals which humans eat directly. However, if
I calculate again considering grain for livestock feed, it doesn’t have much quantitative
leeway. Thus, we also need to multiply its production. Moreover, I need to carry out
further experiments on other kinds of food and how to deal with the lack of meatproduction.

４

References

・「栄養素等摂取状況調査の結果」〈 https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/000615343.pdf〉

(2020/12/23）
・「Current World Population｣〈 https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/〉（2021/1/6）
・「FAO Cereal Supply and Demand Brief｣〈http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/csdb/en/〉(2021/3/22)
・｢Global production volume of vegetables from 2000 to 2019｣〈https://www.statista.com/statistics/264059/production-volume-of-vegetables-and-melons-wor
ldwide-since-1990/〉(2021/10/2)
・「Levels and trends in child malnutrition｣〈https://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb/jme-2019-key-findings.pdf?ua=1〉（2020/12/14）
・｢Meat and Dairy Production｣〈https://ourworldindata.org/meat-production#global-meat-production〉(2021/10/2)
・「No time to waste: using data to drive down food waste」〈
https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/no-time-waste-using-data-drive-down-food-waste〉（2020/12/21）
・「 World population prospects 2019 ｣〈https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Probabilistic/Population/〉（2021/1/6）

How to Spread Carbon Recycling~The Way to Stop Global Warming by Using Algae Fuel~
5328

Kaho Tateno

Abstract
These days, global warming is becoming one of the biggest problems in the world. The
goal of this research paper is to suggest ways to reduce CO2 emission which is the cause of
global warming by using carbon recycling. Carbon recycling is the skill of correcting CO2 in
the atmosphere and recycling CO2. There are a lot of kinds of carbon recycling. Algae fuel is
one of the carbon recycling methods. The algae fuel is made from algae, which is a plantgrowing in water. It is not food, so there is no possibility of raising the problem ofcompetition with crops. Also, algae is more efficient than other bioethanol. However, thecost of it is very high. So this study suggests the way to spread such expensive fuel. It is a
new price plan in the airline industry. It is a kind additional plan and the customer can add it
to any normal price plan.

１

Introduction

This research focuses on global warming and considers it a big issue. Then thisresearch pays attention to algae fuel which is one of the bioethanol. The goal of this researchis to suggest a way to stop global warming. There is some research about producing algae
fuel. This study suggests a way to spread algae fuel. The research question of this research iswhat to do to stop global warming. To inspect it, this study indicates carbon recycling andalgae fuel. Then, this research shows the problem of algae fuel. Finally, this suggests themeans to spread algae fuel.
２

Discussion and implicationsFirst, there is carbon recycling. According to the Agency for Natural Resources andEnergy, carbon recycling thinks of carbon dioxide as a resource and collects them andrecycles them as a diverse carbon compound. Then steady promotion of carbon recycling canreduce carbon dioxide emitted in the atmosphere and contribute to solving the climatechange issue and make sure that new resources are provided stably. According to the Carbon
Recycling Technology Roadmap, There are some carbon recycling products such as chemical

products or fuel or minerals. According to Hitachi Research Institute, algae fuel is alcohol
fuel or syngas made from algae and it is looked forward to as an alternate fuel oftransportation fuel for automobiles and aircraft. According to IHI corporation, compared with
biofuel made from food such as corn, sugar cane, soybeans, algae fuel has no possibility tocompete with food and it can use land which food can not use. Also, according to Thomas F.
Riesin, the amount of oil per acre per year of algae fuel is 5000 ~ 15000 gallon. That of corn
is 18 gallon. That of soybeans is 48 gallon. The amount of sanflower is 83 gallon. That of asunflower is 102 gallon. That of oil palmis 625 gallons.
Second, however , algae oil has a problem. The problem is that the cost of algae fuel ishigh. According to the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, in June 2019, the existing
equivalent fuel is 100 yen per liter. On the other hand, algae fuel is 1600 yen per liter. Also
according to BUSINESS INSIDER, bio fuel of Euglena costs about 10000 yen per liter tomake it.
For this information, this study suggests the way to spread such expensive fuel. It is the
new price plan in the aircraft industry. This system refers to the price system of TEPCO. The
name of the electric charge system is aquaenergy100. According to TEPCO, this plan is an
eco-plan in which all power consumption is considered to be hydraulic power generation.
TEPCO always generates more electricity from hydraulic power generation than the power
consumption of all users of this price plan. The base rate of the standard price plan of
TEPCO is 28600 yen per 10 amperes. However, the base rate of the eco-plan is 56100 yen. A
part of paid electric charge is used for cco-friendly activities such as highly efficient byimproving facility and maintenance and extension of power source of hydro‐power.
The new price plan of the aircraft industry which this research suggests is a type of
additional charge. The consumers can add this to any conventional charge. The price of this is
the cost of algae fuel per person. The airlines buy more algae fuel than the amount of algaefuel which the users of this plan consume with the profit of this system. So, the consumers
are able to think that they use airplanes without consuming fuel which has a bad influence on
the environment. If this plan spreads, the amount of algae fuel which the airline purchases
will increase and it will lead to spread of algae fuel and it will reduce the amount of carbon
dioxide. Then if algae fuel spreads, the producers of algae fuel will be able to more funds andit will lead to the cost of producing algae fuel falling. By continuing it, good circulation will
occur. These days, there are some companies or people who are interested in environmental
problems. Those people will use this plan. Also if the airline gives some special points or therights to get particular goods for the users, the number of users will grow.
３

Conclusion

This research proposes that the airlines make a new additional charge plan to spreadalgae fuel to stop global warming. However there are some issues in my study.
First, the number of users is not able to be predicted. If few people use it, it is not worth
doing. To prevent such a situation, the way to spread it should be considered more. Second,
this suggestion is a burden on the consumer. The manner of lowering the load is necessary tothink about. Finally, this proposal is able to solve global warming only in the airline industry.
However, other transportation systems also emit carbon dioxide, and not only transportation
but also the generation of electricity and other industries are involved in global warming.

Only reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the airline industry is not the perfect solution.
That this system is applied to other industries is ought to be discussed.
４ References「About carbon recycling」〈https://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/category/others/carbon_recycling/〉（November 18th, 2021）「Carbon Recycling Technology Roadmap」〈https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2021/07/20210726007/20210726007.pdf〉（November 18th, 2021）「Algae biofuel」〈https://www.hitachi-hri.com/keyword/k070.html〉〈November 18th, 2021）「explanatory material of effort of algae biofuel」〈
https://www.meti.go.jp/committee/kenkyukai/energy_environment/jisedai_karyoku/pdf/002_
02_04.pdf〉（November 18th, 2021）「Cultivating algae for liquid fuel production」〈
http://www.geni.org/globalenergy/library/technical-articles/generation/future-fuels/permacultureactivist/cultivating-algae-for-liquid-fuel-production/index.shtml〉（November 18th, 2021）「”There is no intention of using euglena yet” Euglena, the nature of business of bioethanol」〈https://www.businessinsider.jp/post-237366〉（November 18th, 2021）「Aqua energy 100 | introduction of price plan」〈https://www.tepco.co.jp/ep/eco/plan/private/detail.html〉（November 18th, 2021）「Standerd plan」〈https://www.tepco.co.jp/ep/private/plan/standard/kanto/index-j.html〉（November 18th, 2021）

Revival of department stores by holding events~Cause of decline and foreign examples~
5329 Rika Tanaka

Abstract
Most modern people go to shopping malls. On the other hand, there are few people who
go to department stores. The top department store “Macy’s” holds a Christmas event every
year. Other department stores in America also provide customers with something such as
chocolate or wine for free on special days. They provide their customers with opportunities tovisit there. Japanese department stores have fairs, but they focus on not entertainment but
sale. To compensate for the lack of entertainment, I suggest they should hold fairs of theirlocal products on special days. By combining with other events such as Valentine fairs or
Christmas fairs, they can have an additional effect. These days, the word “retailtainment” isfocused, which means the commercial form mixes retail and entertainment. 73% of foreign
people spends more money on shops which give emphasis on entertainment. Many famous
companies in Japan also use the effect. Department stores should refer to those examples.

１

Introduction
According to the Development Bank of Japan, the sales of Japanese department stores are

decreasing. Major stores in big cities have a big influence on people’s lives. However, theimpact of stores is decreasing in other places. Because of such circumstances, each store in
department stores moves to other commercial facilities. After that, the number of customers
decrease more. This bad cycle continues for a long time. Commercial facilities are related to
local life. In that way, I decided to study to revive local department stores.

Mr Kitayama says, “most European department stores were opened to target ordinary
people, but most Japanese department stores have run as elite stores. At the same time, they
seem to have been trying to spread the range of the customers. However,it is impossible toget many kinds of customers at the present.” Like this, it can be said that the number ofcustomers coming to department stores which target a particular group is decreasing due tothe change of age.
In my research, I consider the way to get more customers like they were before. First, I
use the Internet and search the survey of the image of Japanese department stores to figureout the issue. After knowing the situation of Japanese stores, I get information of foreign
ones. Mainly, the information about American ones which have a culture of going todepartment stores is essential. Then, I compare foreign countries with Japan and think of thebest way to make good use of foreign examples. At the same time, I collect information aboutfamiliar companies in Japan. By knowing such precedents, I can imagine how to deal withthis circumstance clearly . In considering the way, I consider the merits and demerits about
cost , how big the effect is. The scale of the stores may be different between countries orareas, so I take how big a burden is on consideration.

２

Discussion and implications
Some people like businessmen use the products of department stores as presents to give toothers. They are suitable for such situations. Contrarily, people rarely visit there in their daily
lives. The reasons why people don’t come to visit department stores are “price is too high ”,“there is no department store near their house” and “ have no chance to visit there”. From thisresult, we can know that people do not have a good image of department stores very much.
Therefore, most modern people visit shopping centers instead of visiting department stores.
Then, I searched foreign countries to compare with Japan. The top American department
store “Macy’s” holds a Christmas event every year. It started such big events the earliest in
the world and most residents visit there when the event is held. One of the examples of eventsis to be able to meet Santa Claus started in 1862. Another is Holiday Window, to display

windows with many things of a theme started in 1870. In 1924, it started ThanksGiving Day
Parade. The image of them is traditional and fantastic events. Also, other department stores in
America provide their customers with something such as chocolate or wine for free on specialdays. Those events are familiar to local people. On the other hand, Japanese department
stores don’t have such events. At the moment, they cannot have big events because if they doso, they may feel a burden and it will cause the opposite effects. Therefore, I suggest that theyshould not increase the number of events, but make events better. These days, the word
“retailtainment” is focused. It means the commercial form mixes retail and entertainment.
More and more managers provide the opportunities of trying products in person,
communicating with staff, and encountering products. These points surpass shopping throughthe Internet.
There are many successful examples of retailtainment. One of them is the staying event of
IKEA, a furniture company. It is called a “pajama party”. The members of IKEA who are
selected can participate in the event. The content of the event is seminars on how to choose
bed or other products,and dinner in the IKEA restaurant. Customers can experience and enjoy
the products. After that they can stay there and use beds in the shop. They can experience
special feelings there. Also, newsworthy events will benefit after that.
Another example of retailtainment is about House of Vans in London. It collected
restaurants, theaters, art galleries, and so on. The experience that they had a lot of fun will
have a good effect on Vans. This event’s goal is not to make customers buy products, but tomake customers experience the culture of Vans. The special opportunity represents the
feeling of the manager of the company. This kind of event can make customers have a good
image and dreams of buying the products.
These measures can provide customers opportunities to experience products and makecustomers become a fan of the brand through fantastic memories. There are more examplesof the shop focusing on the effect of retailtainment around the world.
Japanese department stores need to improve entertainment like these examples. According
to TechHQ, “73 percent of UK consumers would spend more time and money in stores thatoffered up experiences as well as just products, according to research carried out by

RetailEXPO”. Many companies are using this effect. Imitating successful examples will help
to manage companies. So, they should know about these topics and adopt the things which
they learned from these examples.

３

Conclusion
I think holding events of the local products on special days will work. Now, a lot of

department stores have fairs. They attract customers all the time. However, most of thosefairs are events about Hokkaido, Okinawa, and so on, famous sightseeing spots. Department
stores do not have fairs of their own products. Though some stores sell their products in small
spaces usually, they do not have something special such as a fair. They should make some
opportunities for customers to become interested in what kind of products local farmers,
artists, or craftsmen make. By focusing on local products, they can connect with local people
and local residents come to the event and increase knowledge of the products. Local
workers want residents to enjoy their products. The attemption will bring benefits to both
local workers and department stores. Also, by combining other special days and events, morecustomers will attract the fair and they do not have to be worried about cost. Almost all
department stores are carrying their products in circulars, so they must use the media
effectively. In the process of thinking about what they should do at the event, they can findwhat customers require for them.
I knew that “retailtainment” is a keyword the present. Japanese department stores’ layout,
service, and fulfillment of the products are admired not only in the country but also outside of
the country. Therefore, only changing the image of them to an exciting place will make a big
difference.
In this research, I do not know the possibility of carrying out my suggestion and how big
the effect is. How to maintain the effect of the events is also a problem. I am going to gather
more information about foreign countries to deal with these problems from now on.

４

References

・archetype corporationhttps://archetype.co.jp/aboutus/(2020.11.13)
・DIG IN https://www.showcase-gig.com/dig-in/retail-tainment/・decline of Japanese department stores
https://www.dbj.jp/topics/report/2012/files/0000010913_file2.pdf（2020.9.25）
・questionnaire about use of department stores
https://www.lisalisa50.com/research20180420_3.html（2020.10.21）
・Chrisrmas of Macy’s
https://mikissh.com/diary/macys-holiday-windows-nyc/ （2021.1.12）・questionnaire about department stores
https://www.dims.ne.jp/timelyresearch/2007/071002/（2020.10.23）
・difference between department stores and shopping centers
https://www.google.co.jp/amp/s/shopcounter.jp/magazine/knowhow/difference-between-shopping-mall-and-department-store/%3famp（2020.10.25）
・The rise of ‘retailtainment’https://techhq.com/2019/06/the-rise-of-retailtainment-in-store/（2021.1.12）
・survey of businessperson and department stores
https://www.jrta.co.jp/research/person_vol15.pdf（2020.10.25）

School Elections That Make Politics Closer~How to Be Interested in Politics~

5330 Rikako Nakagawa

Abstract

In Japan, voting rights are given to all citizens over 18 years old. According to the
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, however, the turnout of national elections
is decreasing now, especially for teens and twenties.
Why don't the youth go to vote? I made the hypothesis “they don’t go to vote because they
don’t have enough interest in politics and election and also have little opportunities to get
involved in politics” And I have followed it and continued my research.
My suggestion is to introduce “School Election" to Japanese high schools.The purpose of mysuggestion is to have students understand politics and establish their own opinions, whichcannot be got only by receiving information from the media.
School elections can provide opportunities for students to talk about politics.On the other
hand, I worry that the more the opportunities will increase, the more students will depend on
friends’ or their parents’ opinions.

１

Introduction
Now that Japanese youth turnouts are decreasing, it will be a disadvantage for us to makeour own future. In order to make Japanese future society better,and have Japanese youth beinterested in politics, I have continued this resarch.
I searched the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications homepage, then I checkedthat Japanese turnouts are decreasing overall especially for teens and twenties. And byreference to some questionnaires conducted by some universities and companies, I made ahypothesis. So I have followed the hypothesis to propose my solution, and concleate a plan.

２

Discussion and implications
Comparing Japanese turnouts of the early Heisei period with that of the Reiwa period,it

has been about 20 percent, decreasing from about 73 percent to about 54 percent. And thedifferences of turnouts among age groups are big.Although the voting rights have been given
to all citizens over the age of 18 in 2016, teens turnouts have never reached
50percent.(Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications 2020)
Why haven’t they been to vote? From the questionnaire for teens who didn’t go to vote which
was conducted after the first election for teens,there are some answers of the reasons why
didn’t you go to election, such "Troublesome" "I don't understand politics" "I can't votewhere I live" (by Syowa girl’s university)Many students after graduated from high schools,
they go to universities and start to live in somewhere apart from their hometowns.Then, if
they forget to move their own resident’s cards, they cannot vote in the areas, but they have togo back to their hometowns to vote.
Next, I made a hypothesis that “youth don’t go to vote because they are not interested inpolitics and elections” . As the answers of the questionnaires,not knowing about thecandidates,they may hesitate to vote.
However, according to the OECD questionnaire “not interested in politics” (for 15~29 years
old) which shows how many people in the country are not interested in politics,Japanese are
the lowest proportion following countries such as Germany and Denmark which have highturnouts.That shows many Japanese are more interested in politics than that of some othercountries.
Also according to the questionnaire (by Syowa girl’s university, for teens) which asked if you
talk about politics with your families, the answer of “Yes”(containing often and sometime)was 36.0%, the answer of “NO”(containing not much and rare) was 59.4%.Also,the answerof the questionnaire which asked if you talk about politics with your friends of“Yes”(containing often and sometime) was 26.0% .And the answer of “NO”(containing notmuch and rare)was69.0%.(according to Ryutu Research Co.,ltd)
From those information, I found that many young people have interest in politics not enoughto go voting rather than not,and they have a little opportunities for them to be exposed topolitics.

Then I made the hypothesis that “youth don’t go to vote because they are not interested
enough in politics and election, and have a little opportunities to touch politics ”As theanswers of questionnaires,if they don’t know about the candidate, it’s difficult to vote.Also
the environment where it is difficult to talk about politics with people close to you, such as
friends and family, even though you are interested in politics. In these circumstances, they are
difficult to tell and listen to others' opinions.

３

Conclusion
Having continued research following my hypothesis, I suggest that I introduce “School

Election" to Japanese high schools.The purpose of my suggestion is to have students deeply
understand politics and establish their own opinions, which cannot be obtained only byreceiving information from the media.By discussing it with their close people.

In the first place,”School Election” is that an election held by students before the voting date,
which is exactly the same as the actual national election.In Norway, although the results don’t
affect to the real voting, the media close up to the results and many adults in the country areinterested in the results.And the politicians which contain office workers and also students
come to highschool and talk with students about politics.Though it isn’t forced to thestudents, a lot of high schools and the students join it and vote it.

To realize my suggestion, I came up with a concrete plan.
1,I will create a new election commission which manages all of school elections.(like Akasi
project in Chuo Secondary School)

2,In the first few years, we will force all students in the school to join these events so that as
many students as possible will be able to be interested in politics.
3,the election commission will aggregate and publish the results.
4,To make the school election bigger and bigger , inviting such other school teachers andmedia,we introduce the state of the school election or recommend establishing the election
commission to each school.
5,inviting those who belong to the actual political party,we will hold a place for discussion
with students.
6,And we will have the school election for all Japanese students someday.
I have some problems with my suggestion such as law, time and methot.
I’d like to research my problem, and come up with some solutions.

４

References

Distribution Research Co., Ltd.
https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000457171.pdf（3/3/2021）
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
https://www.soumu.go.jp/senkyo/senkyo_s/news/sonota/nendaibetu/（3/3/2021）
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
https://www.soumu.go.jp/senkyo/senkyo_s/news/sonota/ritu/index.html（3/3/2021）
Social facts data catalog
http://honkawa2.sakura.ne.jp/5230e.html（3/3/2021）
Japan Trade Union Confederation (Union) General Political Bureau
https://www.jtuc-rengo.or.jp/campaign/data/18sai_senkyoken_ver2.pdf?40（1/21/2021）
Showa Women's University Institute for Contemporary Business 2017 Bulletin <Activity
Report>http://swubizlab.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/2018_014.pdf（9/25/2021）
18-year-old election right NHK new voters' awareness and voting behavior
https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/yoron/pdf/20170401_8.pdf（10/10/2021）
Yahoo! News

https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/abumiasaki/20170906-00075422/（10/10/2021）

facebook of OECDhttps://www.facebook.com/theOECD/?__tn__=%3C%3C*F（10/10/2021）

The prevention of dementia by Brain training game
~Prevent dementia by new brain training system~

5331 Chihiro Fukushima

Abstract
Dementia is “a syndrome in which there is deterioration in cognitive function beyond whatmight be expected from the usual consequences of biological ageing. ” (WHO,2021)
As a cause of that, “especially, the brain parts considered that related to dementia are
the outside and inside of temporal lobe, projection system of striatum, the inside,
orbital surface and outside of frontal lobe, parietal lobe and vision union field.”(Shunya Fukui,2008) Analyzing their own roles, mainly, it can be classified asrecognition of information, memory, judgment of action and action. Also, Nouchi
and Kawashima (2014) made clear that “The gloup of Brain training games
improved executive function and processing speed more than the gloup of Tetris.”
Applying these roles from the brain parts, I found that the frontal lobe can improvetheir functions. However, Brain training games are difficult to improve “therecognition of eyesight and space, calligraphy”, “long term memory”
１

Introduction
Dementia as social isuue

Today, dementia has become a social issue. Then, how many dementia patients in the world?
According to PRB (2012), “Across the grobe, more than 35 million people are livingwith dementia, according
to recent World HealthOrganization (WHO)estimates.This number is
expected to more than

triple to reach 115 million by 2050 in the wake of world population aging.
Dementia is
２Discussion and implications

Ⅰ

About Dementia

What is Dementia? According to WHO, they mention that “Dementia is a syndrome in which
there is deterioration in cognitive function beyond what might be expected from theusual consequences of biological ageing. '' As the symptoms of dementia, “Early
stage: forgetfulness, losing track of the time, becoming lost in familiar places,””Middle stage:becoming forgetful of recent events and people’s names, becoming
confused while at home, having increasing difficulty with communication, needing
help with personal care, experiencing behaviour changes, including wandering andrepeated questioning, ” “Late stage: becoming unaware of the time and place, having
difficulty recognizing relatives and friends, having an increasing need for assisted
self-care, having difficulty walking, experiencing behaviour changes that may
escalate and include aggression.”(WHO,2021) Simply the symptoms of dementia canbe grouped into the disability of memory, ability to grasp, executive function, facultyof orientation.
And I research what the aberration of the brain parts brings on dementia with “Focus ofdementia : dementia with seeing from the brain parts” (Shunya Fukui, 2008).
First, we can divide dementia into two groups: “cortical dementia” and “subcorticaldementia.” Cortical dementia comprehends Alzheimer (AD). AD is caused bypathological alteration of cortex of the brain and takes on pathognomonic selectablecortical missing symptoms. In contrast, subcortical dementia is another AD such as
Parkincon's disease, Corticobasal degeneration and Dementia with Lewy Bodies.
Causality is the disability of subcortical core (as Caudate nucleus, Putamen, Globus
pallidus, Substantia nigra, Thalamus) and subcortical white matter lesions.
Symptoms are the disability of executive function, affections and memory, noematic
slower pace, amnesia, selectable cases of the frontal lobe as using behavior, imitation
behavior and grasp reflex. Also, according to Shunya Fukui (2008), “Especially, thebrain parts related with dementia are the outside and inside of temporal lobe,
projection system of striatum, the inside, orbital surface and outside of frontal lobe,
parietal lobe and vision union field.” Their role is as indicated below.

Brain parts

Role

Temporal lobe

Input of acoustic information, Verbal recognition, Memory

Projection system of starium
The outside of Frontal lobe

Executive function

The inside of Frontal lobe

Cogitation and judge about action

Orbital surface of Frontal
lobe

Cause of social action

Parietal lobe

Vision and spatial recognition, calculation, calligraphy

Vision union fieldentire recognition, sail of moving

Then, is it true that the brain training game led to prevention of dementia?
Nouchi and Kawashima(2014) correct healthy elderly from local community magazines andare divided into two groups: “cohort of the brain training game” and “cohort of Tetris.” After
4 weeks they conducted a cognitive functioning test and analyzed the conclusion in thevicinity of weight in games.

Following are mini games including The Brain training game.

As a result, it becomes clear that the brain training game can improve executivefunction and processing speed. Contrastly, the ability of whole recognitive and attention
were not increased. For these results, I thought that the brain training game can improve thefrontal lobe but also cannot improve the temporal lobe and parietal lobe.
３

Conclusion

From my research, I found that The Brain training game cannot improve the ability of whole
recognitive and attention. The brain parts related to attention are Parietal lobe andTemporal lobe. Each role is “Input of acoustic information, Verbal recognition,
Memory” and “Vision and spatial recognition, calculation, calligraphy .” In the brain
training game, there are “triangle calculations”, “timing measurement”, “phonetic
calculations”, “reading of masterpiece” and “counting the number of people” so we
can consider that these mini games include stuff of calculation, memory and Input of
acoustic information.
Thus The Brain training game falls out of the realm of vision recognition and calligraphy. I will
research how The Brain training game system can improve these abilities.

４

References

1 PRB (2012) Dementia Cases Expected to Triple by 2050 as World Population ages
<https://www.prb.org/resources/dementia-cases-expected-to-triple-by-2050-as-world-populati
on-ages/> (access day: 10/27,2021)

2 WHO(2021) Dementia <https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia> (accessday:10/20,2021)
3 福井俊哉 (2008) 「認知症の病巣:脳部位から⾒た認知症」<https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ninchishinkeikagaku1999/10/3-4/10_3-4_267/_pdf>（access day:6/9,2021）
4 野内類、川島隆太(2014) 脳トレゲームは認知機能を向上させることができるのか︖
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/hbfr/34/3/34_335/_pdf（access day:6/9,2021）

How to Improve the Efficiency of Medical Care
~ Reduce the Waiting Time in the Hospital~
5332 Fujii Chiho
Abstract
According to the Patient’s Behavior Survey conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labor,and Welfare, the number of people who are not satisfied with the waiting time at the hospitalis significantly higher than other items that patients do not feel satisfied with. Thus I started
this study. I found two reasons for the long waiting time at the hospital. There is a longexamination time, and the shortage of doctors. Also it increases patients’ dissatisfaction not
to inform the length of waiting time. Therefore I suggest patients use an application to
decrease the waiting time. The specific contents are online diagnosis, appointment, displaying
the waiting time, and medical consultation. Online diagnosis is for patients who have chronic
disease. They do not have to go to the hospital so often if they get a prescription with thissystem. Patients can come to the hospital after the application tells it. And the medical
consultation connects to the examination reservation and the smooth diagnosis.

１

Introduction
As the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare indicated in “ Patient’s Behavior Survey'' in

2019, the waiting time at the hospital is decreasing. However, the number of people who are
dissatisfied with the waiting time is 26.3% which is about four times higher than other items.
This is why I started this study. The purpose of this study is to find a way to reduce thewaiting time at the hospital.
I mainly use the internet to do research. I searched about a company that makes
applications of medical care,and a home page of a hospital. I also use the statistics of somelaboratories and ministries.

２

Discussion and implications

Why is the waiting time at the hospital so long? I found two causes of it. The first one isthat it takes a long time to do an examination. According to the public relations magazine
published by Tottori University Hospital, the long examination time has a reason. It is that
doctors decide what examination patients are going to do after a consultation. Then medical
technologists carry out the examination based on the doctors’ orders and check it. After that,the consequences come through the doctors. It is necessary to examine depending on eachpatients’ body conditions, so it needs time and becomes a cause of long waiting time.
The second one is that there is an uneven distribution of doctors. According to “Statistics
of Physicians, Dentists and Pharmacists.” conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour, andWelfare in 2019, the number of doctors has increased by 2.5% compared in 2017 due to thegovernment increasing the capacity of the medical faculty of the university. However,doctors are biased in specific areas like Tokyo, so there is a shortage of doctors in the local
area. In addition, the gap of doctors in the medical department occurs. For example, there are
not enough doctors in obstetrics and gynecology, accidents and emergencies, andanesthesiology. In the first place, why do many doctors connect to decrease the waiting time?
It is because if there are a lot of doctors, they can see many patients at once, so it candecrease the time.
It does not decrease the waiting time directly, but I found that “ experience waiting time”
is decreased by knowing how long patients should wait. As reported by Medi Web, the rateof people dissatisfied with the waiting time increases rapidly 3.2 times when the waiting timeexceeds one hour, compared thirty minutes to one hour. On the other hand, the number
decreased by one-fifth when they were informed of the waiting time. Thus we can reduce thecomplaints by this system.

３

Conclusion
In conclusion, I would like to suggest three things. They are that Japanese hospitals

introduce ①online diagnosis, ②setting the system of appointment and displaying the waiting
time, and ③previous medical consultations. I am going to talk about each of them.
①online diagonis

This is the solution for the bias of doctors. As stated by “Nihon Keizai Shimbun”, thediffusion rate of online diagnosis in Japan is lower than that of other developed countries.
And the article said it has become popular in China because of the shortage of doctors. I thinkthat local areas in Japan are in the same condition as in China, so we can reduce the numberof people who come to the hospital and wait time. In particular, this online diagnosis is forpatients who have chronic disease such as Atopic dermatitis, allergy, and Dyslipidemia.
These patients have to go to the hospital only to get their medicine. If they use online
diagnosis, patients do not need to goto the hospital so often. Also we can reduce the numberof people who come to the hospital, then the waiting time will decrease. Having said that,
doctors cannot understand the patients’ conditions completely by the online diagnosis yet, so
I suggest the combination of online diagnosis and face-to-face diagnosis for the chronic
disease patients.
② setting the system of appointment and displaying the waiting time
This is the solution for “ experience waiting time ”. Patients make an appointment with
doctors on an application and it displays the waiting time on the day. We calculate the waitingtime accurately based on the prediction system that averages and analyses the time orsymptom for each department. I expected it to reduce the complaints. Additionally patients
do not have to go to the hospital to make an appointment.
③previous medical consultations
This is a solution for the long examination time. Doctors can see their patients aftergetting to know patients, so it is going to be smooth. Although in the case of doing
consultation at the hospital, nurses who are in charge of it are needed, we do not need toprepare these people and can use them in other situations in the case of using the applicationthat I mentioned ②.
These three things are what I suggest to the hospital in Japan. Some people think thatelderly people cannot use the application or online diagnosis due to not having smartphones.
However, the government decided we should use cellphones for online diagnosis and thedisplay of waiting time, making an appointment, and medical consultation easily. Therefore it
can respond to the aging society. Now I cannot make the contents of the application clear, so Iwould like to consider that and create a better one.

４

References「平成２９年 受療⾏動調査（概数）の概況」
The Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (10 / 14)https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/jyuryo/17/dl/gaikyo-all.pdf「⼤学病院の謎 第2回 待ち時間が⻑い理由」Tottori university hospital (10 / 14)https://www2.hosp.med.tottori-u.ac.jp/kanijiru/backnumber/vol2/series/27892.html『診療所の「待ち時間」対策 』 Medi web (10 / 14)https://www.3bees.com/blog/%e8%a8%ba%e7%99%82%e6%89%80%e3%81%ae%e3%8%8c%e5%be%85%e3%81%a1%e6%99%82%e9%96%93%e3%80%8d%e5%af%be%e7%ad%
96/?p=3137「オンライン診療の先進国はどこ︖」Nippon keizai shinbun (10 / 14)https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO59220090X10C20A5I10000/

5 Bibliography「クラウド時代の医療 ICT の在り⽅に関する懇談会」
The Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (10 / 14)https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/05-Shingikai-12601000-Seisakutoukatsukan-Sanjikanshitsu_Sha
kaihoshoutantou/0000097878.pdf「⽇本初、禁煙治療⽤アプリの保険適⽤を承認」Nikkei medical (10 / 14)https://medical.nikkeibp.co.jp/leaf/all/hotnews/int/202011/567850.html

Solving the Frailty Cycle with Hakko Line System~Improvement of Malnutrition for the Elderly~
5333 Matsubara Kotomi
Abstract
In Japan, a lot of elderly people have some nutritional problems, such as the double burden of
malnutrition, the state people are both undernutrition and overweight, and the frailty cycle. I
suggest a system called “Hakko Line” which is aimed at candidates for elderly care receivers.
In this system, an elderly person provides children with their own recipes of fermented foods
and receives the foods from children made using the recipes. Through the interaction between
older people and children with fermented foods, we can expect not only the improvement ofsenior citizens’ malnutrition but also the promotion of their appetite and the reduction ofloneliness. Additionally, it can contribute to handing Japanese fermented culture down.
Moreover, children’s curiosity will be stimulated by watching the process of fermentation.
Therefore it is clear that the “Hakko Line” brings benefits for both elderly people andchildren.

1

Introduction
According to the International Food Policy Research Institute (2016), among about six

hundred sixty-seven million children under five years of age, approximately one hundred
fifty-nine million children are suffering from stunting and fifty million children are sufferingfrom wasting. Surprisingly, although these two problems are caused by lack of nutrition, there
are about forty-one million children who are overweight, which is caused by excess nutrition.
This nutritional problem is called “the double burden of malnutrition”(International Food
Policy Research Institute, 2020).
Since I have known this situation of children in developing countries, I supposed that it isalso true for Japanese elderly people. In fact, the most common cause of requiring long-termcare is a lifestyle-related disease and a joint disease (32.9%) and the second one is debility,
fall, and fracture (the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, 2013), so we can consider thissituation as “the double burden of malnutrition”. That’s because the former comes fromexcessive intake of energy but the latter is caused by undernutrition, especially the “frailty
cycle” whose cause is lack of protein.
When basal metabolism or a body’s faculties decline because of undernutrition, people
will come to reduce their activities. As a result, they lose their appetite, eat less amount offoods, and they will have a problem of undernutrition again. The Consumer Affairs Agency(2015) says that this bad cycle is a frailty cycle.
Therefore, in order to cut this cycle off, it is essential to provide a food which has a highnutritional value and older people can eat easily and also to promote their appetite. Thus, thispaper will argue for a food providing system which meets both of these two points.
The Japanese population is rapidly aging, which is becoming a serious problem for us. It
is significant to extend not only the average life-span, but also healthy life expectancy tocreate a society in which the senior citizens will be able to play an active part in the future. To
realize this society, it is necessary to help “candidates for a person requiring long-term care”
as well as to enhance medical care and long-term care. I use “candidates for a person
requiring long-term care” as people who have not reached long-term care yet but are living at
home worrying about some health trouble. Because of the progress of nuclearization, thenumber of older people living alone is increasing. They surely feel loneliness or anxiety
about the risks of falls and fractures, which are the second-largest factor of requiringlong-term care. In other words, they are worried about both the decline of health and mental
burden. I believe that the system focusing on this kind of person called a candidate for a
person requiring long-term care is necessary.

2

Discussion and implications

Hakko LineI suggest the “Hakko Line” system as the means of solving the double burden of
malnutrition and frailty cycle among elderly people. This system can contribute to improve
the quality of nutrition, promote appetite, and relieve loneliness an elderly person has byconnecting with the outside through fermented food, even though he or she is at home.

1. An elderly person at home writes down a recipe of fermented food which has been
handed down in the family or the region.
2. Using the recipe from the older person, the fermented food handmade event whosetarget is children is held.
3. Children write a letter to the older person who provided the recipe to tell him or her
what they felt from making the fermented food and give it with food or drink they
made to the older person.
4. The older person receives letters and food from the children.

The foregoing is an explanation of the “Hakko Line” system. As you know, we canprovide a place for senior citizens who tend to stay at home due to the decline of their healthand the outside to mingle through the exchange of a recipe and a letter or food.
The most unique point of this system is using fermented food. Japan's warm and humid
climate is suitable for fermentation. Some fermented foods have been made at home such as
pickles or miso. I find it interesting that these foods may have “regional taste” or “family
taste”. Elderly people have the wisdom to know these kinds of “taste”, so I think using thesehidden wisdoms will contribute to improving malnutrition. I think this system can also havecultural meaning that is passing down the fermented food which has been handed down fromgeneration to generation to children holding the next generation.

The solution about malnutrition and appetite
Then, is it possible for this system to solve two big problems in the frailty cycle,
malnutrition and low appetite?

First, I will talk about malnutrition. We can expect an improvement of this problem byusing fermentation. “Kikkoman Kenya sweet rice porridge project” is one of the examples ofusing fermentation to improve the quality of nutrition (Kikkoman, 2016). In this project, they
tried to solve the excess intake of the sugar by adding Japanese koji amazake to UJI, a
traditional food in Kenia. According to the report, they create an instant seasoning for sweet
rice porridge. It is a fermented food that local people can naturally include in their daily meal.
It is effective for their health to produce natural sweat coming from fermentation without
using sugar, and the unique taste or flavor of fermented food was accepted. In addition to kojiamazake, I think elderly people will be able to make good use of miso or salted rice malt
which children have made for cooking.
Second, the improvement of the reduction of appetite. In my opinion, elderly people will
want to try to eat fermented food through being given the foods children made using theirown recipe. Also, having written the recipe on the purpose of teaching children how to makeit , older people can have an opportunity to adapt fermented foods to their daily lives again orreconsider the quality of nutrition of their meal. They will feel less loneliness by getting foodand letters from children and it will be connected to prevent eating alone.
Children’s advantage
Finally, I will think about what the advantages are for children. In the modern Japanesesociety that our eating habits have been westernized, the number of children who are notfamiliar with fermented foods or do not like the flavor has increased. However, considering
the nutritional value, fermented foods is a dietary culture we should inherit. Many children do
not know that ordinary foods and seasonings for Japanese people such as soy sauce, natto or
miso are fermented foods. Experiencing making fermented foods, children can rediscoverthem in their daily life and become familiar with them, so this project has great importancefor the inheritance of food culture and dietary education. Moreover, children’s scientificcuriosity will be stimulated by watching the process of fermentation.

3

Conclusion

In conclusion, “Hakko Line” will be able to bring benefits to both children and elderly
people,which means demand-side and supply-side. I believe in the “Hakko Line” system forcandidates for a person requiring long-term care to solve the double burden of malnutrition
and frailty cycle they have and reduce their loneliness.

4

References[1]International Food Policy Research Institute.(2016).Global Nutrition Report2016.Retrieved fromhttps://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/130354/filename/130565.pdf[2]International Food Policy Research Institute.(2020).Global Nutrition Report2020.Retrieved fromhttps://globalnutritionreport.org/documents/566/2020_Global_Nutrition_Report_2hrssKo.pdf[3]キッコーマン.(2016).ケニア国 ⽇本の伝統的発酵技術を活⽤した 栄養⾷品事業準
備調査(BOPビジネス連携促進) 報告書．

https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12269403.pdf[4]厚⽣労働省.(2013).国⺠⽣活基礎調査.
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/k-tyosa/k-tyosa13/dl/05.pdf[5]消費者庁.⾼齢者の低栄養予防.
https://www.caa.go.jp/policies/policy/food_labeling/health_promotion/pdf/health_promotion_180402_0005.pdf

5 Bibliography[6]Katz, S.(2016).The Art of Fermentation 発酵の技法.(B.MIZUHARA ⽔原⽂,Trans.).Shinjuku,Tokyo:O'Reilly Japan オライリージャパン[7]⼀般社団法⼈Jミルク.(2016).ファクトブック⽇本⼈の栄養問題の変遷と 今、直⾯する”栄養障害の⼆重負荷” .https://www.j-milk.jp/report/study/f13cn000000013td.html

[8]公益財団法⼈⻑寿科学新興財団.(2021).フレイルの原因｜健康⻑寿ネット.
https://www.tyojyu.or.jp/net/byouki/frailty/genin.html[9]国連WFP協会.(2018).肥満と飢餓の「深い」関係
https://ja.news.wfp.org/18-45-86e4da49faec

The New Trade System to Rescue the Coffee Industry~To Solve the Farmer’s Poverty ~5401 Kanato Abe

Abstract
This study investigated what will occur in the coffee bean’s industry andproposed one

solution to the problem of farmers in the “coffee belt”. Coffee is one of themost popular and widely consumed beverages worldwide. Now, the consumption ofcoffee is more and more increasing, but, according to WCR(WORLD COFFEERESEARCH), there is the risk of decreasing to half of Arabika’s bean’s production. It means
the price of coffee will become expensive and it may become difficult for people to enjoy
drinking coffee. The decrease is caused by global warming and poverty of farmers. I picked
the latter.The suggestion, named “Twin Fair trade system” may be able to solve the problem.
The system is formed by the UN. It has two merits. First, the number of demerits ofThere are few companies. Second, support for farmers is not only now or in the future. It canbe said to be the hope for helping the coffee industry.
１

Introduction
Decades ago, when people mentioned coffee, a Cafe came to their mind. There are also

spaghetti, omelet containing fried rice, hamburg steak, and so on. However, these days,
people often drink coffee in convenience stores. The style of enjoying it has changed.
According to Japanese coffee association, the number of cafes which are not chain stores was
declined to67198 in 2016 from the largest number ,154630 in 1983. Nevertheless, theconsumption ofcoffee is growing now, according to the data from the Japanese coffee

association. The reason why it became bigger is the appearance of convenience store’s coffeeserved at a low price. The static byFuji keizai said proceeds of coffee of convenience store
have been rising since 2013 when 7-11 starts its sales. It is said there will be more demandfor coffee in the future. However, the fact that producing coffee beans became more difficult
should be challenged.
２

Discussion and implications
My first solution is “New Fair trade system”. It contains some points. First of all, coffee

bean farmers can get not only money but also help and daily necessaries. According toreport of transeed group, “Farmers in developing country don’t have information about theprice in the market. Moreover, they are not necessarily in an association with other small
farmers. In such a situation, they have to trade with brokers so that they will be bought off
cheaply.” Also almost all of them are in poverty. To solve this problem, buyers ought to pay
more money so some groups in the world promote Fair trade.However, most companies
don’t want to increase the cost. My suggestion clears it. They need not add anything. Insteadof them, the UN dispatches people to developing countries and sends daily necessities insteadof money. “People” are staff who are employed as the technologist of agriculture. The staffs
who are familiar with agriculture will help farmers and advise them about how to grow them.
Daily necessities are from disaster relief supplies. In 2016, a big disaster hit the Kumamoto
prefecture. And a number of Japanese sent disaster relief supplies such as food, water, towels
there. As a result, there was too much surplus. To cut the cost of supplies, it is good for the
UN to use them. However, the current society has an idea that all countries should stop themono-culture economy. My idea didn’t cover it.
３

Conclusion

To solve the weak point of the “New fair trade system”, my solution became better. The
new One's name is “Twin fair trade system”. It has one big point. There is the task ofcompanies which want to buy coffee beans. In the first suggestion, the task was only theUN’s. What companies have to do is to make new farms in developing countries which don’t
grow coffee beans.They trade coffee beans and money, people, supplies but in the future, the
new farm trade with their coffee farm. To say it's about trade for the present, but also
preparing farmers in developing countries to break out of the monoculture economy in the
future.
４

References

・Transito Group Report (2013) "Business and Human Rights Issues" (1-3)
・Leppänen Petri Salomaa Lari Serbo, Takako (Translation) (2019). Leppanen Petri Salomaa
Lari KAHAVI-VALLANKUMOUS (Translation) (2019) "Before Coffee is Gonefrom the World" Seidosha

・Hiroki Kikuchi (2020) Coffee Farmers: In Search of Freedom
https://www.ganas.or.jp/20200223cafe/

July 5, 2020・All Japan Coffee Association (2017) Trends in domestic coffee production
http://coffee.ajca.or.jp/data 2020/6/23
・AGF Growing conditions for coffee
https://www.agf.co.jp/enjoy/cyclopedia/flow/know_02.html 2020/11/23
・Nagahama Coffee (2021) Refining and processing methods
http://www.ncafe.co.jp/2016/07/21/post-419/ 2020/7/30

How to Solve Vacant House Problem〜Town Development by Unoccupied House〜
5402

Sota Abe

Abstract
This year, I have continued my research on the theme of "solving the problem of vacanthouses. Since many vacant houses are not well maintained, they have disturbed thesurrounding landscape and the danger of collapse has threatened the safety of the surrounding
residents. As a result of my research, I would like to make two proposals. One is to purchasevacant houses and turn them into private accommodation. The first is to buy vacant houses
and turn them into home-stays, which has the drawback that it can only be done in tourist
areas. The second proposal is a vacant house bank. (For the second proposal, I referred to thebook "Strategies for Utilization of Vacant Houses by Local Governments" by Mr. Nakagawa)Introduction
It is a well-known fact that the number of vacant houses is increasing year by year, but I
think that few people are aware of the problems caused by vacant houses. Therefore, I would
like to present some examples of the negative effects of vacant houses here. Some examples
are the deterioration of the landscape, the creation of a breeding ground for crime, and thedeactivation of the external economy. Why is it that despite all these problems, people are notletting go of their vacant houses and the number of vacant houses continues to increase?
There are three main reasons. The first is the problem of utilization. There are few people
who are actually making use of vacant houses. The reason for this is the lack of time andeffort to utilize them. One example of utilizing vacant houses is a café, but it is expected tocost close to 3 million yen if you consider the cost of renovation, research, and military funds
before opening. It is very risky to spend a part of one's life and money like that.

Secondly, there is the issue of buying and selling vacant houses. There are several reasons
why it is difficult to buy and sell vacant houses. The market for vacant houses in Japan is notwell developed. In the West, vacant houses are considered popular properties. This difference
comes from the sense of value. In Europe and the U.S., houses that have already been
inhabited tend to be preferred over new ones, while the opposite is true in Japan. Therefore, it
is inevitable that the market for vacant houses has not developed in Japan.
The third problem is the demolition of vacant houses. Some people may think that
demolishing vacant houses is the only way to solve the two problems I mentioned above. In
fact, I think the problems of vacant houses can be solved by doing so. Here, let's think about
the owners of vacant houses. The reason why vacant houses are created in the first place isthat there were the previous owners of the current owner, that is, the parents or grandparentsof the current owner. Although their houses were inherited as a legacy, they are left unused,without being torn down or put to use, causing many problems.
Then, why do so few people dismantle their vacant houses? The reason lies in Japan's tax
system. When a vacant house is dismantled, only the land on which the house stood remains.
The property tax and city planning tax on that land will increase as the vacant housedisappears. This is why many people do not dismantle their vacant houses.
Since it is meaningful to solve the problem of vacant houses in this way, I would like topropose a plan to solve this problem.

Discussion and implication
Last year, I conducted research on the same theme. I will omit it here since it has thesame purpose and method, but I thought of one idea to solve the problem of vacant houses
last year as well. This year, we came up with a similar idea to solve the problem of vacanthouses: "guest houses. In Japan, there are fewer people running guest houses than in othercountries. As I mentioned earlier, people in other countries tend to prefer houses that havealready been inhabited to new ones, while the opposite is true in Japan. I thought that this was
the fundamental problem.

My Ideal Reusable Straw
5403 Masaki Ishihara

Abstract
From the perspective of the SDGs, this research focuses on reusable straws as one of theconcrete means against marine pollution caused by plastic waste, and aims to promote theiruse with more ideal performance by reviewing their concrete structure and materials.
As a result, I have devised an alternative to plastic straws using metal and silicon thatcomplies with the Food Sanitation Law.
Among the many reusable straws currently in widespread use, metal straws (stainless steel
and anodized aluminum) have many advantages in terms of performance, productivity, andcost, and this specific reusable straw structure proposal reflects the results of actual use andconsideration.

1. introduction
In recent years, the SDGs, the development goals for a sustainable society, have beenemphasized and some restaurants have switched from plastic straws to paper straws.
Starbucks, a coffee chain, has been selling its own brand of silicone reusable straws andswitching from plastic straws to paper straws. This is an improvement in response to therecent increase in awareness of environmental issues.
On the other hand, there is a lack of awareness of the problem of plastic straws, as there
are no significant measures to prevent disposing of straws, as seen in the case of My
Chopsticks and My Bags, which are popularly used in one’s daily life. There have been
many cases of unused plastic straws being disposed of into the ocean, affecting the naturalenvironment.
In one specific case, a small piece of plastic was swallowed by a sea turtle, damaging its
internal organs and causing death in the worst case scenario.
I was shocked to see the video "Removing a plastic straw from a sea turtle's nostril" that I
found on YouTube®. I was shocked to see the above case study in its entirety as a video. Inthe video, the loggerhead was crying and bleeding as the charity worker pulled out the strawthat was stuck in its nose. I got the feeling that the direct impact of ocean pollution caused byplastic waste was being brought into focus all at once. The straw could have been the one thatcame with the latte I ordered at Mac. It could be seen as a sign that I had hurt the turtle.
There are many different types of marine plastics, and based on the above experience, I
decided to promote the use of reusable straws as one of the measures that a high school
student can take.

2. Discussion and complication
Since the theme of the study was to "consider ways to promote the use of reusable straws
in order to reduce the amount of plastic straws used," there was a limit to the depth of thestudy unless reusable straws were actually used. In this study, I used metal straws to identify
the causes of the difficulty in popularizing reusable straws.
For further information in using reusable straw, I chose stainless steel straw made by
iPOW and used them for approximately one month before applying the above method.
The specific evaluation items were
1.Advantages and disadvantages over plastic straws
2.Problems in use
these two.
In the end, I will create a structure plan for a reusable straw that has been improved throughthe above method.

3. Conclusion
When using the ipow stainless steel straws, I felt that they are not similar to plastic straws.
Due to its high thermal conductivity, the temperature of the straw drops to the same level as
the temperature of the drink, making it cold to the touch. The main discomfort I felt was thesense of foreignness in my mouth due to the material, which is not soft like plastic and has astrong presence. In addition, the sharpness of the edges could cut the mouth, which was an
improvement for straws that are often used by children. The sharpness of the edge could be
improved by tapering the cross section or changing the material of the drinking part.

Furthermore, the noisiness peculiar to metal was also noticeable. The clinking sound it
makes when it hits the rim of the glass is so annoying that it makes me wonder if straws arepart of the cutlery category. This point could be improved by making the outer part of the
straw made of silicon.
Based on the above, I studied the hybridization of metal and silicon, and came up with two
concrete structure plans.

4. Bibliography”Removing a plastic straw from a sea turtle's nostril” from Youtube 閲覧2020/6.13(Removing a plastic straw from a sea turtle's nostril - Short Version)’’三商 シリコンスプリングチューブ’’ モノタロー 閲覧2020/11⽉(https://www.monotaro.com/g/04298417/)【8本セット】 IPOW ステンレスストロー 繰り返し利⽤可能 ストロー エコ マイスト
ロー マドラー ステンレス製 カラフル おしゃれ 洗浄⽤ブラシ付+収納袋付
Amazon.co.jp
閲覧2020/9⽉(https://www.amazon.co.jp/%E3%80%908%E6%9C%AC%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%80%91-IPOW-%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC-%E7%B9%B0%E3%82%8A%E8%BF%94%E3%81%97%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD-

%E6%B4%97%E6%B5%84%E7%94%A8%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B7%E4%
BB%98/dp/B07L8YSWWK)New Type Music Distribution Agency Service~To Increase Opportunities for Major Debut~

5404 Fumiya Iso

Abstract
Music distribution agency services used by artists aiming to make their major debuts services that distribute the songs of registered artists instead - have almost noconnection with record companies, so I decided to propose my own distribution
agency service, in which major labels would participate, and I planned to researchwhat kind of advantages it would create. In this research, I believe that we canencourage service users to increase their contract opportunities by considering a
distribution service which many record companies take part in. In addition, I believethat holding events regularly will help the service users become more known andpopular among the public and record companies.

１

Introduction
Nowadays, music distributed on video posting sites such as "YouTube" and "TikTok"
can get sudden popularity. Basically, the music which made a buzz spread from
distribution through the Internet. As the way of providing music has changed from
CD form to Internet distribution, there are more unknown musicians who want to getrich. Some use music distribution agency services which distribute the songs ofregistered artists instead. However, music distribution agency services used by artists
aiming to make their major debuts have almost no connection with record
companies, so I decided to propose my own distribution agency service, in which
major labels would participate, and I planned to research what kind of advantages it
would create. I will examine systems that can increase the opportunities for artists byreferring to the forms of music distribution agency services through the Internet andthe flow of major label contracts.

２

Discussion and implications(1) Current status of service forms
There are six ways to return revenue to the users in the service.
①100% revenue return, per-release subscription typeThis is a subscription type where you get 100% of the revenue though there is anannual fee for each release. If only the initial regeneration is expected, the annual fee
will be negative in the end as it will be charged every year. In addition, each release
costs money, which makes it increasingly difficult to maintain releases. I recommend
this system in cases that long-term recovery is expected.
Ex.) TuneCore Japan, SPINNUP, BIG UP! [Basic Plan]②100% revenue return, subscription type per artist
Though there is an annual fee for this, it allows for unlimited releases on each artist,so it is recommended for those who release frequently. Compared to ①, it is possible
to keep the cost constant per year.
Ex.) DistroKid, Ditto, Level Music [Premium Plan]（Up to 200 songs by 5 artists）, Amuse[Professional Plan], LANDR [Unlimited Plan]③Profit-sharing type that distributes the profit earned (Free)
There is no initial cost at all, and the revenue that artists earned is shared with theservice provider. You can start for free, but the rate of return is low.
Ex.) BIG UP! [Free Plan], Frekul, TOWER CLOUD④100% revenue return type with restrictions

Despite being completely free, this is a 100% revenue return type. However, there aresome limitations such as late release, so you need to pay close attention to thespecifications. Also, since it is an overseas music distribution service, Japanese is notsupported.
Ex.) Amuse [Free Plan], Level Music [Free Plan], TOWER CLOUD⑤Initial cost per release and revenue sharing type
It is a version that combines the advantages of the subscription type and revenue
sharing type. This requires an initial fee for each release, but it provides a high rateof return. There is no annual release fee, so you only need one payment for eachrelease.
Ex.) CD Baby, LANDR [Light Plan]⑥Label type (Free)
This is a form of collaboration with a label, and there is a strict screening process, but
if it goes well, they will handle distribution as well as management and promotion.
Since earnings are distributed with the label, it can be said to be a real profit-sharing
type.
Ex.) Amuse (After Contract Decision), AWALAs I described above, we can see services provided in various forms. Among them, I
believe that ⑤ Initial cost per release and revenue sharing type is the mostappropriate for users.

(2) Proposal of my service form
The business example I have in mind is the entry of multiple labels to bring unknown

artists to the attention of a large number of music professionals.
The first thing that needs to be done is to develop a service that is easy for artists touse. As I mentioned in (I) above, I propose that the method of returning profits toartists should be ⑤ Initial cost per release and revenue sharing type. The cost to theuser would be the initial registration fee and the release fee for each song. Anotherexample of this in practice is the creation of a "Weekly Featured Playlist" on
SPINNUP.
The second is to hold in-service competitions and events on a regular basis to increase
contract opportunities for artists. Examples of such competitions include competingfor the number of views of songs distributed within a certain period of time, orinviting artists who have already made their major debuts to serve as judges andauditioning among the songs submitted to create contract opportunities.
In recent years, the music industry has been damaged by the combination of theCorona disaster and the continued decline in CD sales, etc., so I thought that
increasing opportunities like this to find new talent and boost the music industry
could be an example of business recovery.

３

Conclusion
In this research, I suggest that we can encourage service users to increase theircontract opportunities by considering a distribution service which many record companies
take part in. In addition, I believe that holding events regularly will help the service users
become more known and popular among the public and record companies. However, I
haven't yet figured out how I'm going to distribute the profits to the record companies, so I'll
think about it more fully later.

４

References

・⼤都市圏におけるスーパーマーケットの市場競合度
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/srs/48/1/48_85/_article/-char/ja/

・競争市場 vs. 独占的競争 : ⾮競合的技術進歩のマ クロ的効果
file:///home/chronos/u-6fedde6ae211ae0ca0b39c7477b9f7d6c287b83c/MyFiles/Downloads/8
0-3okuyama.pdf
・複雑ネットワークを⽤いたサービスの普及過程に関する研究（第3報）
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/pscjspe/2010A/0/2010A_0_589/_article/-char/ja/
・【⾃作曲を配信】⾳楽配信代⾏サービス12選の⽐較とおすすめの選び⽅︕⾳楽ディスト

リビューションによる違いは︖

https://dtmer.info/music-distribution-comparison/
・独占的競争 - YavLabo
https://yavlabo.jimdofree.com/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%
E3%83%88/%E3%83%9F%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E5%
AD%A6/16-%E7%8B%AC%E5%8D%A0%E7%9A%84%E7%AB%B6%E4%BA%89/

Thinking about How to deal with Plastics in a Sustainable Way~Utilization of New Resources~5405 Koki Egawa
Abstract
I have been conducting research on the plastic problem. In my research, I found that Japan does nothave legally binding measures to deal with plastic problems, and that this is the reason why Japanesepeople are not interested in plastic issues. In order to solve these problems, I have considered andproposed measures from familiar areas.
1 introduction
All of the sudden, do you have any plastic products? Probably no one would answer that they don’t
have them. Yes, this world is full of plastic. This is because it is very convenient and easy to use.
According to WWF Japan, the amount of plastic flowing into the ocean each year is 8 million tons, orat least the equivalent of 50,000 jumbo jets. And the annual production of plastic is increasing every
year. How many people know this situation? Probably not many. I had no idea until I started thisquest. And this problem is harmful to the world's environment, affecting not only the oceans but also
the creatures on land. This is a problem that needs to be solved not only by Japan but also by theentire world. Last year's study showed that to solve the problem of ocean plastic, it is important toimprove the fundamental plastic problem. In this study, we focused on the plastic problem and theocean plastic problem.

2 Discussion and implications
The reason why I was interested in this topic is because recently,I have seen a movement to reduce theuse of plastic in our daily lives, such as the elimination of plastic straws at Starbucks and the charging
for plastic bags in Japan. I was also interested in marine plastics because my senior’s research
included the issue of marine plastics, and I began my research with these issues in mind. The purposeof my research is to make people know the seriousness of the plastic problem, including ocean plastic,
and what is being done about it, and each of us can know this problem and think about what we cando about it.

3 Conclusion
First of all, I would like to point out that Japan has not taken enough counter-measure to deal with theplastic problem. Certainly,There are companies in Japan that are working to solve the plastic
problem. However, they are only plans and are not legally binding. This led me to believe that the lackof laws about plastic issues is the reason why Japanese people have little knowledge and interest in
plastic issues. For example overseas, one state in the U.S. has a law called the Microbead Removal
Waters Act. The law completely bans the manufacture and sale of products containing microplastics
in that state. Japan needs to think of concrete and legal measures to deal with the plastic problem inthis way. Of course, it is a law and there are penalties when breaking it. If we don't solve the root of
the problem, we won't be able to solve the other problems. And Japan is the second largest user ofplastic in the world. As a developed country, we need to focus on environmental issues as well. So I
came up with the following suggestions
1.Mandatory use of eco-bags when shopping at supermarkets and the elimination of plastic bags.
2.Use plant-derived packages in stores.
3.Limit the amount of plastic waste that can take out the garbage each week.
The aim is to reduce the consumption of plastic by eliminating the plastic bags completely that are
currently charged for in supermarkets. In addition, Japan is currently researching new materials to
replace plastic,.It is limestone which can be produced 100% in Japan.,and even if it is thrown away, it
will decompose in relatively short time, making it environmentally friendly. The third, limiting theamount of trash is to raise public awareness about plastic and to encourage people to reduce their useof plastic. These are just my own ideas, and there are still more measures to be taken. As I mentioned
earlier, Japan is one of the usest plastic producing countries in the world and is also a developed
country. As a developed country that leads the world, Japan should focus more on environmental
conservation, including the issue of marine plastics.

4 literature
海洋プラスチックについて WWFジャパン

https://www.wwf.or.jp/activities/basicinfo/3776.html#:~:text=%E6%97%A2%E3%81%AB%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E3%81%AE%E6%B5%B7%E3%81%AB,%E3%81%A6%E3%81%
84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99(%E2%80%BB2)%E3%80%82
海洋プラスチック問題について 環境省
https://www.env.go.jp/council/03recycle/%E3%80%90%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%EF%BC%93%E3%80%91%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E
3%83%81%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E3%81%AB%E3%81%
A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6.pdf

Modification of Public Transportation to Suit a Declining Population~Enhance the Convenience of Transportation by Conducting Light Rail~
5406 Oikawa Yuta
Abstract
Recently, The populations of developed countries are not growing very fast, except for theUnited States. In Japan and Italy, the population is declining.The railway corporations
confuse the number of passengers by local residents, so I researched how to increase riding
local transportation. My idea is building the Light Rail and growing more connections withother public transportation. Light rails’ good points are easy riding and existing cars. I wantmore people to use Light Rail so the train company collaborates closely with nearby publicand commercial facilities and makes parking space for people who ride it. Light rails’ badpoints are costing money and cannot be built without full understanding of the residents aswell. The city best suited to build light rail is a city with a population of about 300,000
because it is not economically feasible to set up a train. Although, it has a good economic
impact to build it. I need to simulate contractions.
１

Introduction
Including Gumma prefecture, due to the lack of public transportation, areas with highautomobile use are often in the suburbs of urban areas. The ratio of elderly people to total
The population living in these areas grow so the number of elder drivers increases year afteryear. People apprehend the increase of car accidents by senior citizens. Car manufacturers
will realize to make perfect autonomous driving car in 2030s, but their safety isquestionable, and it is uncertain whether they will be ready in the 2030s. The only feasible
way to do this now is to improve the public transportation system. I think that public
transportation is not convenience, so I prefer to build light rail in the center of the city.
Morimoto Akinori, a professor at Waseda University, studied the convenience of lightrail(light rail is called LRT for short.) and promoted building of the light rail. I examine what
new tram way construction can do for people in Japan.
２

Discussion and implications
To put the situation of Japan's route buses in a nutshell, the Ministry of Land,

Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism's fiscal 2018 revenue and expenditure figures for routebuses show that they are in the black in large cities, but in rural areas they are in the red with
only ¥86 in operating revenue despite spending ¥100. Looking back to, during theperiod of high economic growth, with the increase in population and the rapid increase incommuter transportation, bus operators were profitable for a long time, and even though thenumber of passengers was decreasing, there were no major problems in management as theyalso focused on real estate development. However, with the bursting of the bubble economy
and the slump in the real estate business and other sectors, management of local
transportation deteriorated and the national and local governments have been forced tosubsidize funds.
Based on the research I studied at the Period of Integrated Study last year, Utunomiya city
and Yoshiga Town spend 68.4 billion yen for Utsunomiya LRT on the Internet, this meansthat each citizen of Utsunomiya will have to pay 130,000 yen. If light rail was monorail,
Construction costs would be triple. The LRT is economical. In this article, we will discuss
ideas for improving transportation in local cities, because even if the number of people
transported by buses still play a central role in public transportation along with railroads. In
this article, we will look at some of the patterns of local cities in Japan and plan a bettertransportation system. We chose Koriyama City, Takasaki City, Kakogawa City, Shimonoseki
City, and Kurume City as the five regional cities to consider for the transportation system.
The cities were chosen for the reason that they are located outside of the metropolitan areas

designated by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, or at the outer edge ofthe metropolitan areas, and have a population of 200,000 to 400,000.
What these five cities have in common is that the number of bus users is stagnant or
declining. The decline is especially large on routes connecting the city center to the suburbs.
Each city has been encouraging people to use public transportation such as railroads andbuses, but none of them have taken significant measures to improve transportation, and theeffects have not been apparent. Kurume City is also encouraging students to use public
transportation to go to school under the title of "Eco Commuting”. However, as the
population of young people continue to decline, it will not be effective in the long term. We
thought it would be easier to increase the use of public transportation by encouraging theelderly, whose population is increasing. Light rail is also good for health. The effect of lightrail transit on body mass index and physical activity(MacDonald et al., 2010) ,by using thelight rail, you can walk 1.2 miles more per day.
The system that I found to be effective after searching the Internet is to build an LRT(streetcar) line from the center of town to the center of the suburbs, and use buses or demandcabs from the center of the suburbs to the end of the suburbs. By changing the role of thebuses, it will be easier to narrow down the number of users and change the location andnumber of stops according to the number of users. It will be easy to change the location andnumber of stops according to the number of passengers. According to Professor Akimichi
Morimoto of Waseda University, when looking at the number of users of bus routes andrail routes in Toyama City, the decrease in the number of users of rail was smaller
than that of bus routes. In another paper by the same professor, using the CUE system, it was
found that traffic congestion tends to occur more frequently on arterial roads that passthrough the center of the city, but is less likely to occur because residents flow to the LRT; theLRT reduces the number of lanes for automobile traffic, but there is no need to worry because
fewer cars will pass on the roads as a result.
３

Conclusion
As of September 8, 2021, there are no newly built streetcars in Japan, but theHaga-Utsunomiya LRT is being developed with the goal of opening in 2023. However, since
many residents cannot reach residential areas immediately with the LRT alone, they have to
use buses or shared cabs from the bus stops, but this is rather inconvenient as it requires
multiple transfers. In order to accommodate private cars, park-and-rides, or parking lots, will
be built nearby at major stations to make it easier for people to travel from home to home byprivate car. This will make it easier for people who are not willing to change trains. Finally,
we have studied how the introduction of LRT will affect the transportation system, and wewill continue to work on the financial aspects, the calculation of the number of users, and thespecifics.
４

References

MacDonald, J. M., Stokes, R. J., Cohen, D. A., Kofner, A., & Ridgeway, G. K. (2010). The
effect of light rail transit on body mass index and physical activity. American journal of
preventive medicine, 39(2), 105-112.
Hidetora Tomioka, & Akimichi Morimoto. (2018). A Study on the Population Induction
Effect of LRT Introduction Using the CUE Model. Journal of Urban Planning, 53(3),1348-1354.
Why the decline of bus services? Rural areas are losing money. The former "golden age of
buses" gone wrong? https://trafficnews.jp/post/92121/4 (viewed 2021/08/09)
Next-generation transportation and compact cities
https://www.env.go.jp/press/y0618-04/mat06.pdf (viewed 2021/08/09)

Change the Mottainai Condition~Using a Food Sharing Service~
5407 Otomo Takeshi
Abstract
Food waste and food loss are increasing recently in the world. About 6,430,000 tons of foodwaste and loss are caused every year in Japan. Half of them are caused by our house and theother are caused by factories. Focusing on the waste from restaurants, the percentage ofrecycling food waste is very low. I propose the promotion of food sharing services to improve
this situation. To say it simply, this service is an application to directly connect consumers
and stores. One of the most popular services in Japan is "TABETE". Comparing “TABETE”
with “Too Good to Go”, a leading service in Europe, I found that there are significant
differences in the number of contracted stores, the number of users, and the evaluation of theapp. While the number of users of TABETE is increasing, the number of subscribing stores isstill low. In order to increase the number of contracted stores and users, it is necessary to
steadily increase the visibility of the app through SNS and so on. In addition, to improve thelow evaluation of the application, it is necessary to link the map and the application, enhance
the search method, and make the application lighter.
１

Introduction
According to the Consumer Affairs Agency(2019), about 6,430,000 tons of foodwastes and losses were caused in Japan in 2019 and this is equivalent to about 1.7 times thefood assistance amount. Food wastes and losses are caused in many situations in the foodsupply chain. For example, in the production stage, there are non-standard products andprinting errors on packages. In terms of consumption, there are unsold foods in restaurants
and uneaten food in our houses. There is a system called “one-third rules” in Japan, which
separates the time from the day of manufacture to the expiration date into third. It was started
to deliver fresh foods to consumers, however, the more times it is divided, the more food loss
is likely to occur. Therefore Japan is now trying to change “one-third rules” to “one-second
rules.” In addition Japan is also trying to promote the use of year and month displays. The

breakdown of food loss generated from these various causes is about 3.52 million tons ofbusiness waste and 2.91 million tons of household waste, which shows that food waste fromhouseholds also accounts for about half of the total. Furthermore, the respective breakdownsof business and household wastes are shown in Figure 1. Business food losses areapproximately 39% in the food manufacturing industry, 5% in the food wholesaling industry,
19% in the food retailing industry, and 38% in the food service industry. In addition, 30.6%
of household food waste is directly disposed of, 30.9% is excess removal, and 38.5% isleftover food. It is important to note that food loss in the food service industry. The foodservice industry accounts for 38.5%, which is the same amount of waste as the food
manufacturing industry in terms of business-related waste. Please look at Figure 2 below.
This figure shows the implementation rate of reuse of food wastes (including food losses) in
the food industry. It can be seen that the reuse rate of the food manufacturing industry is ashigh as 95%, while that of the food service industry is as low as 32%. Increasing the rate offood waste recycling in the food service industry is an issue that needs to be addressed in the
future.
２

Discussion and implications

To solve the problems of the restaurant industry
Leftovers are one of the most common types of food loss generated by the foodservice industry, but there are also cases where restaurants fail to sell all the food they haveleft over and dispose of it by the end of the day. In order to reduce such food loss generated
by the restaurant industry, I think one way to do so is to spread the use of food sharing
services (I will write "food sharing" from here). Food sharing is a direct link between
restaurants and consumers. By directly connecting consumers and producers, surplus foodand products from restaurants can be easily sold. There is a similar system called a food bank,which collects and distributes food to where it is needed. I believe that one way to reducefood loss in the restaurant industry is to spread the use of food sharing, which is easy forrestaurants to use.
Improving food sharing services
One of the most famous food-sharing services in Japan is TABETE, and according toPRTIMES, the number of users of TABETE continues to grow as shown in Figure 3.
According to PRTIMES, the number of users of TABETE continues to increase as shown in
Figure 3, especially in May and June of 2020. This is thought to be due to the increased
awareness of food loss reduction caused by the coronavirus. Although the number of users is
steadily increasing, the scale of TABETE is very small compared to Too Good to Go, which
originated in Denmark and is widely used in Europe. “To Good to Go" has more than 39,000
stores, about 30 million users, 4.8 stars in the app store and 4.8 stars in the google store. In
contrast, "TABETE" has 1,450 stores, about 300,000 users, 1.9 stars in the app store and 2.3stars in the google store. Thus, when we compare Too Good to Go and TABETE, we can seethat TABETE is inferior in all three comparisons.
３Conslusion
I think the only way to improve the number of subscribers and users is to continue topromote the app through SNS and other means. What I want to consider in detail is theevaluation of the application. As shown earlier, the evaluation of the TABETE app is not as
good as that of Too Good to Go. Therefore, I think it is necessary to take the evaluation
seriously and use it to improve the application. What we feel is especially necessary is atie-up between the app and maps, and a more extensive search method. Even if the app shows
how many minutes it takes to get to a station or what kind of buildings are nearby, users will
be able to clearly recognize the destination by showing the specific location. In addition,
since there are currently only searches by prefecture and region, search methods such as
genre search and distance search should be introduced.
４

References

Consumer Affairs Agency (2019). Reference materials for reducing food loss, August 20,
2019 edition.
https://www.caa.go.jp/policies/policy/consumer_policy/information/food_loss/efforts/pdf/effo
rts_190820_0001.pdf. 9/20/2020
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2019). Annual Amount of Food Waste
Generated and Recycling Rate of Food Recycling Resources in 2017
http://www.maff.go.jp/j/shokusan/recycle/syokuhin/attach/pdf/kouhyou-11.pdf. 9/20/2020
Co-cooking.Tabete homepage.
https://www.cocooking.co.jp/food-sharing/ 5/6/2020
Too Good To Go.Too Good To Go Home Page
https://www.toogoodtogo.com/en-us/ 20/6/2020

５

FigureFigure 1: Causes of food loss (Ministry of the Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry
and Fisheries)

Figure 2:
Implementation
rate of recycling
and utilization of food resources (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries)

Figure 3: Number of "TABETE" users (PRTimes)

Using AI for Effective Education~Education with Less Burden for Both Students and Teachers~

5409 Kashima Kanata

Abstract
I suggest Using AI to streamline the input of class contents and to do activities based on
individual interests or learning that suits each student in the time which made by streamline
learning in my research. Then I set the research question as “What is the good education forboth students and teachers”. I thought about effective education using AI. First, when I
checked the merits and demerits of current status Japanese education, passive education andexcessive burden on both students and teachers were cited as bad points. Based on this, I
thought about the pros and cons of the introduction of AI in school education. Then I
understood that although AI can provide us with individualized curriculums, and it wasconcerned that AI wouldn’t be able to answer students’ questions directly. Finally, throughexamples of overseas introduction, I suggested it.

１

Introduction
Recently, there are increasing demands for people who can work internationally. Then, I

examined Japanese educational standards. I found Japan’s rank has decreased by looking at
the PISA International achievement test. At the same time, I found that there is little
education using AI. Therefore I started this research.

２

Discussion and implications
Japan now seems to have been maintained high level standards of education in the world

perspective. However, looking at the PISA international achievement test by Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology International Academic Achievement
Survey , it was observed that rankings were declining in all three perspectives, mathematical
literacy, scientific literacy, and reading comprehension. Then, I thought there might be causedby the current Japanese education style, and started investigating the reason for that. I foundthat the Japanese education style had a burden on both students and teachers then. I learned
that many students take classes in a passive style, just processing the assigned tasks, which isrepetitive and makes them feel more constrained. In addition to the repetition of the samelessons, the teachers also had to deal with each student in a more or less precise manner,which seemed to be more or less of a burden. Therefore, I would like to think about new
education using AI, which has been growing rapidly in recent years. According to the AI
specialist Newsopedia, AI is said to derive its rules by "categorizing" many things. In
addition, in one actual experiment, 10 million images of cats made it possible to identify
them. It is said that AI would be able to classify "images", "sounds", "text", and "actions",
and by using these technologies, it would be able to provide optimized learning for each
student. For example, in the situation of speaking and listening skills, the use of AI will
improve accuracy and reduce the burden on teachers. In addition, it is said to be able toimprove classes by automating grading and measuring the level of concentration of students
in the class. The site said that these technologies would reduce the burden on teachers andallow them to provide education at a lower cost. According to Data Artist Corporation, morethan 1,200 schools in the U.K. offer distance learning, and in the U.S., AI is being used as acourse and career advisor. Also in Canada, AI is being used as a way to check student
attendance.

３

Conclusion
In light of the above, I propose that we use AI to streamline the input of class content, andthen use the available time for individualized learning. This will reduce the burden onteachers and make it easier for students to learn in a way that suits them. Also I thought itwould be a good idea to use AI to fill in the gaps in teachers' teaching. In this way, bothstudents and teachers can have an effective time.

４

References"Advantages and disadvantages of implementing AI and artificial intelligence"〈https://ai-products.net/12906/what-are-the-disadvantages-of-introducing-ai-and-artificial-intelligence/〉(R3, August 28)"Will we no longer need teachers?"〈https://ai-products.net/11637/what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-ai-for-education/〉(R3, September 16)"Differences in Education in Japan and Abroad"〈https://haa.athuman.com/media/japanese/world/2891/?doing_wp_cron=1634193054.22261691093444
82421875〉(R3, September 17)"Current status of education using the latest technology"〈https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/serviceology/4/2/4_6/_html/-char/ja〉(R3, September 18)"Can Japan's academic skills be applied overseas?"〈https://passing-notes.com/column/223103/〉(R3, September 18)

Make Aerogel Familiar~The Car Window Made by Aerogel~

5410

Kazuya Koshikawa

Abstract
I suggest a car window made by aerogel.
When I was searching for a theme of my research on the Internet, I found “aerogel” thathas great insulation properties, so I came up with a car window whose thermal insulation isespecially good thanks to aerogel.
In recent years, because of high temperature outside cars and direct sunlight, thetemperature inside cars became so hot that some people were taken to the hospitals. To use
air conditioner is one of the countermeasures, but it takes a long time and produces a large
amount of CO2.
Then if we use aerogel windows, it can curb the rise of car temperature. It also makes
cars cooler soon by air conditioner thanks to little amount of in and out of heat and keep themat a low temperature. Furthermore, I am worried about its transparency, we use aerogel otherthan front glasses. I am also anxious about the strength in addition, I suggest a structure
where glasses clip aerogel to reinforce weakness. This window can be helpful even if it is so
hot or cold. When we use it, we can reduce the use of air-conditioning apparatuses andheating systems and the reduction of using them will connect to decrease the emission of
CO2.Thus I think windows made by aerogel may play an important role to the earth.
１

Introduction

As I wrote above, I have been interested in global warming and how to deal with it. While
searching for a material helpful to it, I happened to see news of great behavior of aerogel. Itkeeps fifty degrees celsius higher than other materials when it was put on Mars. From thisfact, I can use aerogel in products which require great thermal insulation. To use great heatcutting products means to reduce the use of apparatuses which greatly produce heat and CO2.
If this argument actualizes, an aerogel window becomes a creative product.

２

Discussion and implications

If we use aerogel windows instead of car windows, a lot of people suffering from severe
heat and sunlight during summer will decrease. These days there are many people who don’t
feel well or have serious illnesses due to the summer climate. According to Japan Mobile
Federation (JAF), the number of accidents of leaving children and pets in the car keys lockedaway during August, 2020, was 75 in case of children and 23 for pets, so there are 98
accidents in total. As you can see, so many bad cases have happened in only one month. Thus
you can find that the sunlight and heat effect on cars is so serious and to hinder them fromcoming into cars is essential to save people’s lives.
The work of aerogel may also be applied when it is cold. With using a heating equipmentin just a moment, the aerogel window can imprison hot air and little amount of warm air isable to escape from inside the car, so someone in it during winter may not be in danger ofdeath because of the intense cold.
As a result, aerogel windows can help people from severe climatic environments andmake them drive and spend time in the car more comfortably without much use of
temperature control devices.

３

Conclusion
Aerogel car windows are useful for people who use cars. Seemingly they are good

products, but they have some drawbacks.
First, aerogel has weakness. Aerogel has a number of holes in its body, so it becomes
flexible. I cannot use an aerogel as itself in a window, so I suggest a structure that is glass

covers.
Second, it costs a lot. It is made through a unique process. The process makes aerogel costmuch. However, recently a new aerogel has been released and it is cheap because it goes
through that unique process.
If I can solve the problem, this window will be a great product.

４

References[1]Low cost and high performance at the same time! How did Aerogel, a lightweighttransparent heat insulator, come into being? (2020) minsaku
https://minsaku.com/articles/post607/[2]SUFA: Transparent thermal insulation material (2018) Aizawa Mamoru
https://www.newglass.jp/mag/TITL/maghtml/124-pdf/+124-p023.pdf[3]Cold and condensation on windows is caused by heat escaping through windows (2021)
window-ledge
https://www.34al.com/insulation/cause.html

How Should Pediatric Care Be?
~To Save the Lives of Future Children~
5412 Sato GoFirst, let's talk about the motivation for this research. Recently, we often hear the word
"doctor shortage''. I have always been interested in the medical field, so I decided to research
the shortage of doctors. According to the number of doctors per 100,000 people in eachOECD member country, we can see that the number of doctors in Japan is particularly low
compared to other countries. In addition, from the number of medical visits per capita indeveloped countries, we can see that Japanese visit the hospital more frequently than othercountries.Moreover, it takes five minutes on average per visit in Japan, while it takes 30
minutes in Western countries, about six times longer than in Japan. From these facts, we cansay that the burden on a single doctor is extremely high in Japan. I think this has to lead to a
decline in the quality of medical care. Here, the major problem is that the severity of theshortage of doctors varies depending on the department.I would like to focus on pediatrics inparticular. There are two reasons for this. Pediatrics has the aspect of General Medicine morethan other medical departments. For example, internal medicine is divided into respiratory
sections, cardiology, neurology, hematology, and so on. Pediatrics, however, has to do all ofthese. Second, pediatrics has a high percentage of female doctors. The second reason is that
pediatrics has a high percentage of female doctors, many of whom are unable to work longhours due to life events such as marriage and childbirth. This is one of the reasons why theshortage of pediatricians is so serious.Shortage of pediatricians leads to inadequate pediatriccare. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose the future of pediatric care. Let's lookat the example of Miyagi Prefecture. In order to solve the shortage of pediatricians andobstetricians, Miyagi Prefecture set up a system to invite doctors from other prefectures andgive them subsidies. As a result, the shortage of pediatricians was solved.Next, let's look at
the example of the United States. There is a big difference between pediatric care in the USand Japan. In the US, pediatrics belongs to children's hospitals, which are large hospitals
specializing in pediatrics. In Japan, however, it is treated as a department in a general
hospital.There are two major advantages of a children's hospital. One is that it can specialize
in pediatric care. In larger children's hospitals and wards, pediatrics is divided into moredetailed specialties. This allows doctors to provide more detailed services with their patients.
The other benefit is that it can improve the training system for medical students after
graduation. I would like to propose the establishment of a children's hospital, following theexample of the United States. Also, I’d like to propose the establishment of courses atuniversities to train pediatricians.Finally, I’ll talk about future issues. Japan has taken
measures such as increasing the income of pediatricians and making clinical training for
doctors mandatory. Thanks to these measures, the environment surrounding pediatric care has
been gradually improving. However, there is no fundamental solution for urgent pediatricemergency care. In addition, there is a lack of cooperation with departments other thanpediatrics.

References
http://www.jpeds.or.jp/modules/guidelines/index.php?content_id=87（Recommendations for the Pediatrician Shortage）
https://soshin.pcmed-tsukuba.jp/education/report/pdf/04_001.pdf（Comprehensive Comparison on General Practice）
https://www.med.or.jp/people/info/kaifo/compare/（Medical care standards and costs in Japan and other countries）
https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000381.000059861.html（Global Pediatric Industry - by Drug Class (Antibiotics, Analgesics, Antidepressants) andDisease (Allergy, Respiratory, Oncology, and Cardiovascular)）Promoting Health with Organic Produce〜Aiming to Coexist with the Environment and Nature〜

5413

Kanata Suzuki

Abstract
The reason for the shortening of healthy life expectancy is the "unhealthy diet" of junk food such as
McDonald's and convenience store food, which contains many food additives and pesticides that are
carcinogenic and destroy nerves. This has led to an increase in the number of allergy and cancer
patients today. People who eat a lot of convenience foods now and think they are fine will suddenly
become ill due to the accumulation of poisons. Japan is the only country in the developed world
where the number of cancer patients is increasing. In summary, what I would like to say is that even if
you are eating sweets and convenience foods now and you are fine, you will suddenly become ill dueto the accumulation of poison. It's too late for that to happen, so I would like to suggest that people
start paying attention to their food even now.

１

Introduction
There are two reasons why I decided to do this research. First, I was interested in health after

watching a tick-tock about health. The second reason is that I saw a graph of the difference between
average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy by country, and I realized that although Japan is
one of the top countries in the world in terms of average life
expectancy, ranking third for men and first for women, there is a difference between average life
expectancy and healthy life expectancy. In short, the difference between average life expectancy andhealthy life expectancy is that in Japan, men suffer from some kind of illness or disability for 9 years
and women for 12 years, making it difficult to live without help. According to the Japan Association
for the Prevention of Lifestyle-related Diseases, one of the reasons for the shortening of healthy life
expectancy was found to be "unhealthy eating. I was surprised to learn that there were problems withfoods that we tend to eat because they are tasty, like convenience store foods and junk foods like
McDonald's. So I did a lot of research on food and found something called "organic". I tried to findout what "organic" meant in the first place. "Organic" refers to agriculture, forestry, fisheries, andprocessing methods that do not rely on pesticides or chemical fertilizers, but instead utilize theblessings of nature, such as the sun, water, land, and living organisms. In Europe and the U.S., there isan organic movement to create a natural and social environment that is peaceful and healthy for all
life. I thought that Japan should also be involved in this movement. As I mentioned earlier, "unhealthy
diet" is the reason why healthy life expectancy is shortening. This has led to an increase in the numberof allergy and cancer patients today. People who eat a lot of convenience foods now and think they arefine will suddenly become ill due to the accumulation of poisons. Japan is the only country in thedeveloped world where the number of cancer patients is increasing. In summary, what I would like tosay is that even if you are eating sweets and convenience foods now and you are fine, you will
suddenly become ill due to the accumulation of poison. It's too late to get sick, so I would like toencourage people to be a little more particular about the food they eat even now.

２

Discussion and implications
There are two reasons why I decided to do this research. Firstly, I was interested in health after

watching a tick-tock on health. The second reason is that I saw a graph of the difference between
average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy by country, and I realized that although Japan is
one of the top countries in the world in terms of average life expectancy, ranking third for men andfirst for women, there is a difference between average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. In
short, the difference between average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy is 9 years for men
and 12 years for women in Japan, and it is difficult to live without help. According to the Japan
Association for the Prevention of Lifestyle-related Diseases, one of the reasons for the shortening ofhealthy life expectancy was found to be "unhealthy eating. I was amazed to learn that there is aproblem with foods that we tend to eat because they taste good, like convenience store foods and junkfoods like McDonald's. Therefore, my goal is to make everyone aware of the scary situation and havethem review their dietary habits and their own health consciousness.

３

Conclusion
Looking at the graph of the difference between average life expectancy and healthy life

expectancy by country, Japan ranks third in the world in terms of average life expectancy for men andfirst for women, and while it is one of the top countries, the difference between average life
expectancy and healthy life expectancy, healthy life expectancy refers to the period of time that aperson can live independently and in good health. In short, the difference between average life
expectancy and healthy life expectancy is 9 years for men and 12 years for women in Japan, and it isdifficult to live without help. According to the Japan Association for the Prevention ofLifestyle-related Diseases, one of the reasons for the shortening of healthy life expectancy was foundto be "unhealthy eating. I was surprised to learn that there were problems with foods that we tend toeat because they are tasty, like convenience store foods and junk foods like McDonald's. So I did a lotof research on food and found something called "organic". I tried to find out what "organic" meant in
the first place. "Organic" refers to agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and processing methods that do not
rely on pesticides or chemical fertilizers, but instead utilize the blessings of nature, such as the sun,water, land, and living organisms. In Europe and the U.S., there is an organic movement to create anatural and social environment that is peaceful and healthy for all life. I thought that Japan should also
be involved in this movement. As I mentioned earlier, "unhealthy diet" is the reason why healthy life
expectancy is shortening. This has led to an increase in the number of allergy and cancer patients
today. People who eat a lot of convenience foods now and think they are fine will suddenly become ill
due to the accumulation of poisons. Japan is the only country in the developed world where thenumber of cancer patients is increasing. In summary, what I would like to say is that even if you areeating sweets and convenience foods now and you are fine, you will suddenly become ill due to theaccumulation of poison. It's too late to get sick, so I would like you to try to be a little more particular
about food even now.

４

References
What is healthy life expectancy?
「https://www.jili.or.jp/lifeplan/lifesecurity/oldage/3.html」
Do you know the average life expectancy and healthy life expectancy?
「https://www.taisho.co.jp/locomo/ba/sp/q1.html」

Education for All People around the World~A Practical Way to Support People in Poverty~

5414 Tanaka Tomorou

Abstract
Poverty is one of the biggest problems around the world. Needless to say, to solve it is so
important, but no effective support system has been provided. Effective support means
sustainable assistance. I think sustainable support is building something that will leave in the
future. My solution to solve it is building a functional complex facility that contains the rolesof a house and a school. We have to continue to give the poor sustainable support. Realizing
this solution, the situation of poverty in Africa will improve.
１

Introduction
Needless to say, poverty still exists in the world. Especially in the African region, poverty

is common. My research aims at solving such problems in African countries. And also mystudy is trying to find out what is essential as an element of the method.
I defined poverty as being the least developed countries. In 1967, The United Nations
designated 53 countries as Least Developed Countries based on three criterias, GNI, HAI,
and EVI. The criteria of GNI is calculated from national accounts data converted into USD
using the World Bank Atlas method (to reduce impact of short-term exchange rate
fluctuations). GNI per capita is derived by dividing GNI in USD by the annual population ofa country. The HAI is a measure of the level of human capital. Low levels of human assets
indicate major structural impediments to sustainable development. The HAI is composed of
six indicators grouped into a health and education subindex with each indicator carrying anequal weight of one-sixth. The EVI is a measure of structural vulnerability to economic andenvironmental shocks. High vulnerability indicates major structural impediments tosustainable development. A higher EVI represents a higher economic vulnerability. The EVI
is composed of eight indicators, grouped into an economic and environmental subindex witheach indicator carrying an equal weight of one-eighth.「LDC Identification Criteria &Indicators - the United Nations」<https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldc-criteria.html&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1635584187426000&usg=AOvVaw0KTxVPSEqSs4MdD9TLXkSb>(2020/11/12) I seek to make improvements to the problem by raising these three factors.

２

Discussion and implications

The new guidelines of supporting
Only 3 countries of the 36 African countries set aside for the Least Developed Countries
in 1967 have graduated from the Least Developed Countries.「UN list of least developed
countries | UNCTAD」＜https://unctad.org/topic/least-developed-countries/list>(2020/11/14) It
means that conventional aid to developing countries is not very effective. Why can't suchcountries escape from poverty in the first place? One of the biggest reasons for this is thenegative cycle in developing countries. Uneducated parents force their children to work
because parents’ income is not enough to support their family. They will grow up and force
their children to work as well. Once they are in this loop, it is not easy for them to get out. In
this case, simply building a school is not an accurate strategy because adults do notunderstand the importance of education. Parents have the final decision making power for
their children. In other words, there is a need for the support that provides education for bothchildren and parents. However, if such support would be given to people in Africa, theywould never accept that support due to the penury. And then, how can the support be widely
spreaded? It is indemnification that will encourage the support to be rationally and efficiently.
To sum up, there are some important supporting points. First, the support must be
sustainable. Second, the method should be that it can educate both children and parents.
Third, that educational support should be accompanied by enough compensation to allow thepoor in Africa to live well.

The detail of the supporting
Next, I will mention the details of the solution. I consider that the way of supportingwhich fulfills the aforementioned three elements is building a structure. The building contains
the roles of a house, a school, and a work space. The structure is divided into three, a living
area, an educational area, and a working area. The residents can live comfortably and learn
the skills and knowledge to live theirselves.

３

Conclusion
In conclusion, the guideline of my solution for reducing poverty is in 2 Discussion andimplications. It is a good way to eliminate poverty, but it is so difficult to realize the way
because there are a ton of obstacles. I have to consider how to gather the participants and thecontents of educating and working.

４

References「UN list of least developed countries | UNCTAD」<https://unctad.org/topic/least-developed-countries/list>(2020/11/14)「LDC Identification Criteria & Indicators - the United Nations」<https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldc-criteria.html&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1635584187426000&usg=AOvVaw0KTxVPSEqSs4MdD9TLXkSb>(2020/11/12)

How to Improve One’s Specialty Skills~For Working in One's Strong Field~
5415 Takamasa Chigira
Abstract
I learned that one of the reasons why young people in Japan leave work is because the job
is not suitable for them or they are not good at it. In order to solve the situation, I started myresearch to find out what kind of study should be done to develop their strong points, or theirstrong subject in school. I thought that there were problems with individual study methods
and the educational system, and I came up with a plan to improve these two areas. As aresult, I propose an educational system that incorporates an online learning service forsubjects in which students excel and a grade skipping system that I learned from overseas.

１

Introduction
According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, theturnover rate of new graduates in Japan is currently decreasing year by year, and in fiscal
2014, the rate decreased to about 30% for college graduates and about 40% for high school
graduates, but the turnover rate is still high. Also according to it, one of the reasons forleaving a job is that "the job was not for me or I was not suited to it.” I wondered if thismeant that they were unable to find a job in their field of expertise due to their lack of ability,and ended up taking a job that they were not good at, and as a result, they could not maintaintheir motivation and left their jobs. I wanted to think about what I need to do to improve myabilities in order to get a job in my field. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to propose
a way to further develop one's ability in one’s specialty subject.
In order to develop one's ability in one's specialty subject, it is necessary to consider itfrom two directions: "personal learning method" and "educational system.”
In terms of personal learning methods, I thought that using online learning services suchas "Classi" and "Study Supplement" would be an efficient way to improve abilities insubjects one is good at. Online learning services are "a form of learning that primarily uses
the Internet." Hao Yasheng (2014) stated. However, traditional online learning services seemto focus on supplementing individual weaknesses rather than developing students' abilities intheir strongest subjects.
In terms of the education system, Japanese education tend to favor well-balanced
individuals who can work in many fields rather than those who specialize in one field.
Therefore, I wondered if it would be possible to introduce a new education system, referringto the education systems of other countries where it is considered better to specialize in one
field whereas in Japan.
Based on these ideas, we researched "What functions and services are necessary for online
learning services to develop the ability of each student in his or her specialty subject?" and"How can we introduce some of the overseas educational systems into Japan and create acircumstance where students can easily develop their strengths in their subjects?"

２

Discussion and implications
I researched the requirements for developing the ability in the subjects they are good at on

the Internet, etc. Then I looked at the functions and services of several online learning
services to find the missing functions and services needed to develop the subjects they aregood at. After that, I will propose or create an online learning service that adds those features.
I researched the education systems of Japan and other countries (in this case, the U.S.) on
the Internet, etc., and proposed a new education system based on what points are better inother countries than in Japan and what points of Japanese education should be retained.

３

Conclusion
First, let me explain online learning services. I believe that an online learning service thathelps students improve their abilities in their favorite subjects needs to have two mainfunctions and services.
The first is the ability to identify each student's favorite subject. If you think about it, you
can usually figure out what subjects you are good at, but sometimes you may find that asubject you thought you were bad at is actually your strong point. For example, even if you
do not study a certain subject well and your scores on regular exams and mock exams arepoor because you cannot solve knowledge problems, you may find that your original thoughtprocess is specialized in that subject. The way to do this is to use the results of mock exams
and in-service tests to determine what skills are needed to correctly answer questions in eachsubject, and which subjects are easiest to solve. In other words, they do not simply decide
which subjects they are good at based on their scores in mock tests or field tests, but rather on
their innate abilities.
The second function is to issue assignments in the subjects identified in the first function.
Specifically, there are three types of assignments. (1) assignments to improve weaknesses inthe subjects in which the student excels, (2) assignments to improve abilities in the subjects inwhich the student excels, and (3) assignments to develop the thinking skills necessary tosolve problems in the subjects in which the student excels and to apply those skills. The
reason why (1) was necessary was because I thought that by overcoming weaknesses in mystrong subject, I would improve my overall ability in my strong subject, which would make iteasier for me to go to universities that focus on that subject. I also believe that it will make iteasier to enter workplaces that require people with high ability in that subject. (2) I thought it
was necessary to have strengths in the subjects I am good at. The only way to differentiate
yourself from others who are good at the same subject is to develop your strengths. (3) is themost important of (1) to (3). No matter how good you are at a subject, it is meaningless if you
cannot utilize and apply it.
However, as Benesse says in its FAQ, "It is necessary to improve your strong subjects.
However, if you do nothing about your weak subjects, you will not be able to cover themwith your strong subjects.” It is important to spend more time on the subjects you are weakin. Also, by improving your ability in your weak subjects, you will be able to look at yourstrong subjects from a different angle. Therefore, it would be a good idea to use both theonline learning service proposed in this study and the online learning services of othercompanies.
Next, let's talk about the education system.

The first thing that comes to mind as a difference between the American and Japanese
educational systems is whether or not there is a grade skipping system. In the U.S., there is a
grade skipping system that allows students to advance to the next grade depending on theirability. I think that this system should be incorporated into Japanese education as well. I think
this system should be incorporated into Japanese education as well. I think this system should
be incorporated into Japanese education, because it allows students to advance according totheir abilities, which will motivate them to learn more. If the system allows students to skip
grades by improving their skills in the subjects they are good at, they will become moreinterested in the subjects they are good at.
On the other hand, I think it would be better to keep the current Japanese education system
and make education compulsory for a total of nine years, six years in elementary school andthree years in junior high school. Compulsory education in the U.S. consists of elementary
school, junior high school, and high school, in that order: 5, 3, 4, or 6, 2, 4, for a total of 12
years (depending on the region), and a long time is spent on compulsory education. However,with Japan's nine-year system, students can learn the minimum requirements in a short periodof time.
In the future, I would like to pay more attention to the aspects that are not taught inschools. In this article, I talked about the subjects I excelled in at school, but in actual work, I
may demonstrate my abilities in more specialized areas.
Also, when thinking about overseas educational systems, I referred only to the U.S., but I
think we actually need to learn from more countries.
In my future research, I would like to revisit this issue with these points in mind.

４

Bibliography

・Regional and International Challenges to Higher Education in Latin America
・Internationalisation of Higher Education in the United States of America and Europe
・「雇⽤の構造に関する実態調査（若年者雇⽤実態調査）」<https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/list/4-21.html>
・「オンライン学習サイトの新しいビジネスモデルの探求」

<https://www.econ.nagoya-cu.ac.jp/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/h25_20_2.pdf>
・「スタディサプリ」<https://learn.studysapuri.jp/ja/dashboard>
・「マナビジョン」<https://manabi.benesse.ne.jp/>
・「Classi」<https://classi.jp/>
・「河合塾One」<https://www.kawaijukuone.co.jp/>
・「短期海外研修による教育的効果の再検討 学⽣の報告書の多⾯的な分析を通して」<http://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/hermes/ir/re/25558/jinbun0000701620.pdf>
・「⾶び⼊学について」<https://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/koutou/shikaku/07111318.htm>

Receive Space Debris~Space Cleaning with Dilatancy~
5416

Kanata Hagiwara

Abstract
Today, there is a lot of space debris in space, and satellites are in danger of being
destroyed by collisions with debris. In order to protect the safety of outer space, it isnecessary to remove them. I have devised a method to remove debris by colliding it with apack-shaped shock absorber filled with a dilatancy fluid to remove its kinetic energy andre-enter the atmosphere. In this study, I verified the practicality of this method.
I did two experiments: one was to investigate the durability of packs filled with dilatancy
fluid. To collide plastic bullets with a balloon filled with potato starch dissolved in water,which is a dilatancy fluid. And the other was to investigate the change in acceleration when a
2L plastic bottle was dropped on the water-soluble potato starch. In both of theseexperiments, I was able to demonstrate that the dilatancy fluid has high durability andshock-reducing and shock-absorbing ability. Therefore, it was concluded that the space debris
can be removed more efficiently by using the shock-absorbing material with dilatancy fluid.
In the future, I would like to investigate in detail what is necessary for practical use.
１

Introduction
Today, space development is becoming more and more active, and many satellites andother man-made objects are being launched into space. It is very intriguing to see how it
makes human life more comfortable. However, as a byproduct of space development, there
are countless amounts of garbage and space debris in space. Environmental degradation may
be an inevitable part of development, just as environmental destruction was during the periodof rapid economic growth. However, the risk of an accident in space is far greater than on
Earth, and people need to take immediate action.

It is said that there are currently 500,000 to 700,000 pieces of space debris larger than 1cm
in diameter in space. Relatively large space debris is monitored by space guards to prevent
collisions with satellites. According to JAXA's website, debris protection shields have been
installed on important parts of satellites and other spacecraft, but these measures are notsufficient, and collisions and damage have occurred many times. As can be seen in Figure 1,
debris from a single collision or the destruction of a satellite can generate countless newpieces of space debris, and if I do not take action soon, the safety of space will become
increasingly unsafe in the future. Figure 2 shows the projected change in the number of large
pieces of space debris when several pieces are removed per year. This is the case of large
debris, but it can be read that the total number of space debris will decrease more than thenumber of debris removed, as the active removal of debris reduces the possibility of collision
accidents.

Figure 1: Number of man-made objects in Earth's orbit (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2012)

Figure 2: Effects of removing 1-5 pieces of debris per year (JAXA, 2013)
In order to protect satellites from the threat of space debris and to make space safer, it isnecessary to take proactive measures to remove space debris, not just passive measures toprevent serious collisions. However, it is too inefficient to remove the countless space debris
one by one.
I hypothesized that space debris could be removed by intentionally colliding with somekind of object with large mass and durability (hereinafter referred to as "shock absorber"),which is released into space. This method would allow us to remove a large amount of spacedebris simply by keeping the shock absorber in orbit, and would eliminate the need for
precise positioning of the space debris. In addition, although there is no clear data, it is often
stated that meteorites of several meters in size are likely to burn up before reaching the
ground, so space debris as small as 10 cm in diameter is considered safe from burning up andfalling to the ground.
As the material for the shock absorber to collide with the space debris, I devised a bag-likematerial filled with dilatancy fluid. A dilatancy fluid is a fluid that behaves like a liquid whensubjected to weak shear forces, and as if it were a solid when subjected to strong shear forces.
When space debris collides with a shock absorber, shear forces act on the circumference of

the collision surface, causing the shock absorber, which is normally filled with liquid, toharden instantaneously and locally. This will create enough drag force to take away the
kinetic energy of the space debris.
I did some rough calculations to see how efficient the shock absorber removal method
would be. First of all, let's assume that the size of the shock absorber is a mat of 10m in
length and width, and the moving speed is 10000m/s. Then, 10*10*10000 = 1. Then,
10*10*10000 = 1,000,000 m3 per second = 0.001k m3 of area can be removed. However,
only space debris in opposite directions can be removed, so at least two shock absorbers must
be orbiting in opposite directions. Based on this calculation, if I take as an example the areaof 50 km above and below the altitude of 400 km, where the actual ISS orbit is located, thesize of the space is 3/4π(450*450-350*350) ≈ 19100 k㎥, which means that the entire area
can be removed in 19100000 seconds, or about 220 days. This calculation does not accountfor the fact that the space debris will pass through the same space on the way to the ISS, so it
will take more time if the space debris orbits like a longitudinal line with two poles, but it isstill very efficient when you consider that two shock absorbers can eliminate all the spacedebris near the ISS in a short period of time.
Space debris often orbit in groups if the source is the same. In other words, as mentioned
earlier, if a group of space debris can be detected without flying over the entire space, it ispossible to remove only that group at once. In this case, only the necessary areas will beneeded, so more efficient removal will be possible.

I thought that one of the advantages of filling the inside of the shock absorber with fluid
instead of solid material is that it will return to liquid form afterwards, no matter how strong
the shear force is, and thus, unlike solid plates, it will not leave any damage such as cracks or
flaws during a collision and will be highly durable. Therefore, the purpose of this research is
to verify whether the use of dilatancy fluid inside the shock absorber can sufficiently improve
the absorption performance and durability based on experiments and literature, and to
consider what specific method should be used.

２

Discussion and implications

2.1.1 Method of the experiment1
First, as a preliminary experiment, I conducted a test to confirm that the strength isincreased by dilatancy fluid.
I filled water balloons with water-soluble potato starch, which is a dilatancy fluid, and thesame volume of liquid water, gel slime, and gaseous air for comparison, and collided themwith plastic balls to verify durability. The plastic balls were so-called "bb" bullets and were
fired using an airsoft gun.

Plastic balls: Acrivis bio-BB bullets (diameter: 6 mm, mass: 0.25 g, velocity: 76.5 m/s,
kinetic energy: 0.73 J)
Airsoft gun: S&T HK417D 16-inch full metal G2 electric gun (This airsoft gun is intended
for people over 18 years old, so I asked my parents to manage and shoot it.)
Water-soluble potato starch: 1:1 potato starch and watercontents

potato starch dissolved in

Number of bullets fired

what it looks like when it's

when balloon is torn (shots)

torn

10

A hole the size of a plastic

waterball was made and flowedout (Figures 3 and 4).

water

5

Ruptured (Figures 5 and 6)

slime

7

Ruptured (Figures 7 and 8)

the air

8

Ruptured (Figures 9 and 10)

Table 1: Results of preliminary experiments.

Figure3 and 4: potato starch dissolved in water(the moment of rupture)

Figure5 and 6: water(the moment of rupture)

Figure7 and 8: slime(the moment of rupture)

Figure9 and 10:air(the moment of rupture)

2.1.2 Results of experiment 1
The number of bullets fired when the balloons were torn was the highest for thewater-soluble potato starch, but the difference was not that pronounced. However, what was
noteworthy was the way the balloons burst. The other three balloons all burst completely at
the time of breakage, but only the water-soluble potato starch did not burst, leaving a hole thesize of a plastic ball through which the contents flowed out. The reason for this is that withthe other materials, the ball was held in place by the tension of the rubber of the balloon,
whereas with the water-soluble potato starch, the contents of the balloon absorbed some ofthe shock and the rubber was only locally loaded. Therefore, it can be said that the dilatancy
fluid has the ability to absorb shock. The reason why the balloons filled with water-soluble
potato starch broke without any significant difference from the other balloons in thisexperiment was that the kinetic energy of the plastic balls was too small for the dilatancy tobe effective, and the inflated water balloons themselves were weak against shear force, soeven a small force could break them. It was also thought that the inflated water balloons
themselves were vulnerable to shear forces and could be torn by even small forces.

2.2.1 Method of the experiment2
Next, I conducted an experiment to investigate the difference in the force applied whencolliding a dilatancy fluid, a liquid, and a solid with a larger mass. Since I concluded that theshear force may have been too small in the previous experiment, this time I will use thepotential energy of a 2L PET bottle (19.6J), which is much higher than the kinetic energy ofan air gun (0.73J).
The weight (2L PET bottle) was dropped horizontally from a height of 1m, and thecollision surfaces were a vat filled with potato starch, a vat filled with water, and the concrete
ground to investigate the force applied during the collision. The weight was dropped with anacceleration sensor and the change in acceleration was observed.

Weight: 2L natural water bottle
Water-soluble potato starch: 4:3 potato starch and water (4.2kg, 5cm depth)
Water: 10L, depth: 10cm
Sensors: MPU6050 (acceleration sensor), Raspberry Pi Pico (microcontroller board)

Figure 11 2L plastic bottle

Figure 12 Tub of potato starchdissolved in water (same for water)

Figure 13 MPU6050 (accelerometer) on the left and raspberry pi pico (microcontroller board)on the right2.2.2 Results of experiment 2
The experimental results are shown in Figures 14, 15, and 16.

Figure 14: Change in acceleration during a collision between a 2L PET bottle and asphalt

Figure 15: Change in acceleration at the time of collision between a 2L PET bottle and thewater surface of a tub filled with water

Figure 16: Change in acceleration upon impact between a 2L PET bottle and the surface of a
tub filled with water-soluble potato starch
The horizontal axis of the graph is time (10ms) and the vertical axis is acceleration (m/s^2).

Since it was difficult to make the fall angle uniform, only the most correct fall angle foreach term is shown.
In the graph, 9.8m/s^2 is at rest, 0m/s^2 is in free fall, and the first big peak is the momentof impact.
From the equation of motion F=ma, the force is proportional to the acceleration, so theunits and magnitude of the vertical axis change, but the shape of the graph is the same as thatof the force applied.
The first thing that can be read from this result is that water and water-soluble potato
starch have a higher acceleration at the moment of collision than concrete, and they aresuperior in terms of receiving energy instantaneously. The instant energy is received, theshear force applied is reduced, thus reducing the risk of damage to the shock absorber andmaking it more durable.
Secondly, the time from collision to standstill is about 0.4 seconds for water-soluble potato
starch, while it takes about 2 seconds for concrete and water. It is thought that the smaller thecoefficient of repulsion between the PET bottle and the ground or water surface, the shorterthe time to stand still. Therefore, it can be seen that the colliding object loses energy without
bouncing back when the water-soluble potato starch is used.
The third factor is the damage to the colliding object. When a PET bottle was dropped on
the asphalt, it rubbed against the asphalt and eventually made a hole in it. But in the case ofwater or water-soluble potato starch, it goes without saying that the collision will not cause asingle scratch. This result is very important because it is meaningless if the debris is damagedby the impact and becomes fine debris when the space debris is received.
Fourth, in the case of asphalt and water, the acceleration stagnated around zero after thecollision, but this did not happen with the water-soluble potato starch. The acceleration
sensor values are filtered to reduce noise and programmed to output the average value of thelast 10 measurements (0.1 seconds). Therefore, I thought that this phenomenon was probably
caused by the small changes in acceleration due to bouncing, and that these changes werecanceled out. In other words, the water-soluble potato starch takes away most of the kinetic
energy instantaneously, and the object immediately comes to rest without bouncing back after
the collision.

３

Conclusion
From the two experiments, it was found that the dilatancy fluid has enough ability to catchthe colliding object and take away its energy. Therefore, I believe that space debris can beremoved more efficiently by using a bag-like shock absorber filled with dilatancy fluid. Theenergy of this experiment was about 20 J, which is far less than the energy of 5 million J of a
1 kg space debris collision at 10 km/s. Therefore, I have not established a method ofreceiving space debris by dilatancy in this research alone. However, when I was gathering
information on dilatancy fluids, I found something called liquid armor. Liquid armor is abulletproof armor that stops bullets and explosive fragments by filling the armor withdilatancy fluid instead of solid material such as plates. Liquid armor is currently underdevelopment and has not been put to practical use. However, BAE Systems, the company thatis developing it, claims that it can be developed. Research is underway in the field of using
dilatancy fluid to take away the kinetic energy of colliding objects, and I feel that there isgreat potential for the development of shock absorbers that can be successfully applied to thespace field and actually remove space debris.
Ignoring the aforementioned question of whether or not it can be developed, the following
are the current issues that need to be investigated for practical use(1) Types of dilatancy fluid(2) How to avoid boiling of dilatancy fluid in vacuum.
(3) Power source of the shock absorber(4) Construction and transportation methods.
I have decided that I cannot draw any conclusions on these issues with my current level ofknowledge because they require more specialized knowledge.

４

References

・STABILITY OF THE FUTURE LEO ENVIRONMENT – AN IADC COMPARISONSTUDY,IADC Last view: 20210824
https://conference.sdo.esoc.esa.int/proceedings/sdc6/paper/199/sdc6-paper199.pdf
・Liquid armour to become a future choice for protecting soldiers,BSE systems Last view:20210824
https://www.baesystems.com/en-ca/article/liquid-armour-to-become-a-future-choice-for-protecting-soldiers
・スペースデブリ環境のモデリング・評価技術の研究,JAXA研究開発部⾨Last view: 20210824
https://www.kenkai.jaxa.jp/research/debris/deb-model.html

・スペースデブリに関してよくある質問（FAQ）,JAXA研究開発部⾨Last view: 20210824
https://www.kenkai.jaxa.jp/research/debris/deb-faq.html
・わかる︕国際情勢,Vol 85 宇宙ゴミを減らせ︕〜国際的な宇宙空間の利⽤とルール
作り,外務省 Last view: 20210824
https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/press/pr/wakaru/topics/vol85/index.html
・有吉雄哉 花⽥俊也 河本聡美,デブリ推移モデルによる将来予測 Last view:20210824
https://jaxa.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_uri&item_id=3909&file_id=31&file_no=1&nc_
session=8da90usim4bk4jb6hd2fan0um3
・⾵間卓仁,重⼒加速度は9.8じゃない︕︖,京都⼤学⼤学院理学研究科地球惑星科学
専攻 京都⼤学理学部地球惑星科学科 Last view: 20210824
http://www.eps.sci.kyoto-u.ac.jp/research/introduction/07/index.html

Establishing Good Manners at Tourist Sites~For Comfortable Sightseeing~
5417

Ryota Hasegawa

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to ensure good manners at tourist sites. First,the number offoreign tourists has tripled in Japan's tourist destinations between 2014 and 2018. Of course,
Japanese tourists were the mainstay of the tourism industry in Kyoto. However, Japanese
tourists are decreasing in Japan's tourist destinations due to over-tourism. I thought it was avery serious problem. Therefore, I studied this phenomenon in detail. And I learned that there
is a problem with the manners of foreign tourists. We need to spread good manners to foreign
tourists as well. However, the spread of the new coronavirus infection has changed thetourism industry dramatically. Therefore, I need to think of ways to spread manners that fit
the times. And, I decided to use online tourism to establish good manners for foreign tourists.
１

Introduction
The spread of the new coronavirus infection has changed the tourism industry

dramatically. It is becoming more and more difficult for tourists to do tourism. In thissituation, I thought about what I could do to create better tourism. That's why I started thisresearch. The method was mainly based on the Internet to collect information.
２

Discussion and implications
Japan National Tourism Organization found that the number of foreign tourists in Japan

tripled from 2014 to 2018. There are some disadvantages to increased tourism in Japan. If thenumber of tourists increases drastically, it will lead to over-tourism and the tourist spots will
be punctured. Therefore, Japanese tourists are decreasing in Japan's tourist destinations due toover-tourism. The number of Japanese guests at major hotels in Kyoto fell by 9.4 percent in2018. I divided the problems caused by this into two categories. The first is the concentration

of tourists. According to the 2018 Kyoto Tourism Survey, more than 40% of respondents said
that they had a bad experience while sightseeing in Kyoto. The reason for this is that the city
is crowded with too many tourists and manners are not thoroughly enforced. The second is
the problem of cross-cultural contact. The difference in perception between Japanese andforeigners has caused manners problems. For example, maiko paparazzi and eating too many
food samples or staying without asking for anything, etc. This led me to believe that we needto enforce good manners for tourists. Also, in Gion, Kyoto, there is a sign board to promote
good manners. For example, the picture is of smoking, eating and drinking while walking,and littering. There were also cases of tourists entering houses without permission, or tearing
the sleeves of maiko to take pictures. Therefore, the Gion Town South District Council in
Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, has set up an illustration to encourage foreign tourists toimprove their manners. However, the bad manners of foreigners will not disappear. Maybe
many foreign tourists do not see the signboard. It must be visible to all foreign tourists. And I
found that online tourism, where people enjoy sightseeing at home, is becoming more
popular as the new coronavirus spreads. There are also many online tourism events in Kyoto.
３

Conclusion
First, I wondered if it would be possible to use online tourism to enforce good manners

among tourists. The Gion Town South District Council in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City,
has set up an illustration to encourage foreign tourists to improve their manners. However,maybe many foreign tourists do not see the signboard. It must be visible to all foreign
tourists. When we introduce manners in online tourism, many people will find theinformation. Online tourism in Kyoto is very popular.It can be highly effective. The spread of
the new coronavirus infection has changed the tourism industry dramatically. It is a good way
to spread manners that fit the times. After gaining information through online tourism, they
will be able to enjoy sightseeing in Kyoto. Next,the problem with this proposal. Online
tourism was spread by the spread of a new coronavirus. After the new coronavirus infection
is contained, we will not be able to disseminate information.The number of people using
online tourism will decrease. This is a problem. I have to think about what to do after the
spread of the new coronavirus has been controlled.
４

References「withコロナの観光業を救う10のキーワード」〈yamatogokoro.jp〉（2021/8/5)「あの京都から⽇本⼈観光客が減った深い理由」 〈https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/31549１〉（2021/9/15)「祇園 マナー向上促すルール看板」〈https://kyotopi.jp/articles/95ZXg〉(2021/9/18)

For All Poor Children~Let’s Provide School Lunch For Free~
5418

Takeshi Miyamoto

Abstract
I was working on making school lunches free. However, I ran into various obstacles and tried
to overcome them by using various means, but I ended up frustrated because there were manythings I could not do. I will now talk about the outline of my research. First, the question ofwhether school lunches are necessary. Most elementary and junior high schools have school
lunches, but in some parts of Kanagawa Prefecture, there are not many junior high schoolsthat have school lunches. At first, my goal was to implement school lunches in high schools.
However, there are only a few schools in Gunma Prefecture that have implemented school
lunches, and I had to give up because it was difficult to conduct research. I then decided tothink about the relationship between school lunches and poor children. We decided toconsider the relationship between school lunches and poor children, and tried to make school
lunches free for poor children. However, poor families were originally exempted from paying
half, but not the full amount, of the school lunch fee. I gave up on this idea as well.
Therefore, we set a goal to revitalize the local governments that are involved in the freeschool lunch program.But I think
１

Introduction

While enough food is being produced to feed everyone on the planet, one in nine people are
hungry,unable to eat enough to survive or socialize. In 2018, the number of hungry people in
the world was 821 million, which is the third consecutive year of increase since 2015.So I
want to help many people that they are hungry.In East Africa, where TFT supports, one thirdof the population is undernourished, and one in three children is stunted.But One in four
people in the world suffers from obesity, which is caused by overeating, poor diet, and lack of
exercise. The number of adults (18 years and older) with a BMI of 25 or higher increased

from 472 million in 1975 to 1.957 billion in 2015. The obesity problem is most pronounced
in North America, with rising trends in Africa and Asia as well.
２

Discussion and implications

Many children around the world go to school hungry every day, and are therefore unable toconcentrate in class. Many children cannot even go to school because they have to help in thefields or with household chores. School lunches would not only improve the nutrition andhealth of these children, but also improve their attendance and performance. School lunches
are also a strong incentive for families to send their children to school every day. In 2019,
UN-WFP provided school meals to 17.3 million people in 59 countries. An additional 39
million children in 65 countries are receiving school meals, which are provided as a national
project with the support of UN WFP. Of the more than 100 countries that UN-WFP has
supported over the past 60 years, 44 have ceased to support school feeding since 1990 and are
now providing their own school meals. School lunches vary from breakfast or lunch, or both.
Some are complete meals, while others provide nutritious snacks such as dried fruit bars or
high-calorie fortified cookies. In some cases, cash and food to take home may be distributed
to encourage parents to send their children to school. Food is sourced locally wheneverpossible, and we have connections with local small-scale farmers in 46 countries, which
positively impacts the local economy in addition to benefiting nutrition and education.
Working with local communities to provide school lunches also helps to build confidence inthe country's education system and create a society where citizens help each other. In Tunisia,
240,000 children in 2,500 schools are covered by the national school feeding program, which
fosters a sense of ownership by hiring local youth as cooks. School feeding can have atargeted effect on specific populations, such as children forced into child labor, or children
with HIV/AIDS who are in danger of dying. For girls, it can help prevent early marriage andpregnancy, and help them get better paying jobs through education. In Malawi, thegovernment, UN WFP, UNICEF, and UNFPA are working together to break down various
cultural barriers and get girls into school. During a state of emergency, school meals canbring children back into the classroom and provide them with the nutrition they need. In
Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon, Syrian refugee children have been able to improve theirnutrition and continue their studies through school feeding. School lunches are an investment

in their own future, and in the future of their communities.So we should help poor children toinvest in the future.
３

Conclusion

We should donate for the poor children.And I do not have any idea to solve poverty. So I
want to find way to solve this problem myself .
４References

Make school lunch free and visible
https://www.komei.or.jp/news/detail/20170920_25674#:~:text=%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9F%
E3%80%81%E7%B5%A6%E9%A3%9F%E7%84%A1%E5%84%9F%E5%8C%96%E3%81%8C,%E2%80%9C%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%E5%8C%96%E2%80%9D%
E3%82%92%E3%82%81%E3%81%96%E3%81%99%E3%80%82
Advantages and disadvantages of free school lunches
https://www.city.karatsu.lg.jp/kikaku/kyoiku/documents/shiryou4-2017-2.pdf
Nayi City, Okayama Prefecture Support for children
https://www.sbbit.jp/article/cont1/34214
school lunch and poverty
https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/adachiyoshimi/20200224-00164378/
Child Poverty and Free School Meals
https://ascii.jp/elem/000/001/854/1854300/

Make the Existence of Huge Government Bonds Known and
Outlook of Japanese Economy~What is the Temperature Difference between Japanese people and the Government as Seenfrom the Media?~

5419 Yuta Morino
Abstract
JGB(Japan’s government bonds) are currently on the rise. As you know, “kokusai” is also
called “syakkin”. According to the data from MIC(Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications) in 2016, JGB was the world’s largest in terms of GDP(Gross Domestic
Product) amounting to 1114 trillion yen. The cost is 7,620 trillion yen all over the world.
The crucial reason is buying deposits from banks every year. The cost is 30 trillion yen.
However, the public may not be aware that Japan has a large amount of money. Financial
assets (cash) are 574 trillion yen, net foreign assets are 366 trillion yen, and household
financial assets are 1,700 trillion yen, far more than the amount of government bonds. So why
doesn't the Japanese government pay back its debts? The reason is that it is concerned about
the possibility of extreme inflation. It is too obvious that printing paper money will cause thevalue of paper money to plummet. It is no secret that the Japanese economy is in such a
dangerous state that it is hard to get a good impression of it. I wondered why there is such abad difference in the way the people and the government are concerned about the economy. I
think it lies in the media coverage.
１

Introduction
I believe that the public has a bad impression of government bonds, which all Japanesecitizens will learn about. Why do they have such an impression? I thought it was because of
the TV and the Internet that we see all the time. Also, the problematic behavior of thelegislators, who are supposed to represent the people, may have something to do with it. The
only image that comes to mind is that they are wasting the people's tax money and fallingasleep during meetings instead of playing politics properly. However, Japan is doing a goodjob of dealing with its government bonds. Unless the public is made aware of this fact, thenumber of people buying Japanese stocks may disappear in the future, and Japan may lose thetrust of the world in its money. Therefore, the first step in this research was to come up with aproposal to change the image of government bonds in Japan by pursuing the content of news
reports.

２

Discussion and implications
The total amount of Japanese government bonds is about 1114 trillion yen (insuranceROOM). If we look at the total amount of government bonds in the world as a whole, we findthat it is about 7,620 trillion yen, which is also higher than the (insurance ROOM). Whencalculated as a percentage of GDP, the ratio is 237.1%, the highest in the world. Given theseriousness of the situation, why hasn't the Japanese government made any major policychanges to repay the debt? To answer this question, we looked into how Japan's government
bonds and debts are structured and what the government's opinion is on the matter. As I used
the word "debt," I was curious about the question of whether the cost of policies for the newcoronavirus could be a new spark for the growing debt of the Japanese government.
According to Gendai Business (Kodansha), the new government debt for the new coronavirus
will amount to 112 trillion yen. This figure is so large that it can be compared to Canada's
debt of about 169 trillion yen, which is the 10th largest in the world. Next, I looked into thestructure of Japan's government bonds. Japan already had about 430 trillion yen ingovernment bonds around the year 2000. However, since that year, the government has been
buying about 30 trillion yen in deposits from banks. The government has been doing this forthe past 20 years, and as a result, we can estimate that 600 trillion yen of government bonds
have been accumulated. The total amount is about 1,100 trillion yen. In addition, theaforementioned ratio of government bonds to GDP is the highest in the world (FINDERS)
because one-third of the budget is covered by government bonds. So far, we have looked into
the structure of the government bonds held by the Japanese government, and in this context,
we looked into what the government's opinion is. The answer is "There is no need to pay
back the government bonds and debts immediately" (Hoken ROOM). The answer was "Thereis no need to pay back the government bonds and debts immediately" (Hoken ROOM). As I
looked into the reasons for this, I came to the conclusion that Japan has more assets thanpeople think and there is no need to rush into anything. The first reason why Japan has notgone bankrupt like Greece despite having such a huge amount of debt is that almost all of its
government bonds are issued in yen. Japanese investors account for 96% of JGBs and foreign
investors account for 4%. Furthermore, the fact that the Bank of Japan is the largest holder of
JGBs also helps. This means that it can print Japanese yen at any time to pay off its debts(HOKEN ROOM). So why isn't the Japanese government paying back its debt sooner? Thereis a very good reason. What are the disadvantages of printing paper money? It is a collapse in
the value of money. The value of the Japanese yen will fall and the world will lose confidence
in it.
The value of the Japanese yen will fall and the world will lose confidence in Japan. This willlead to extreme inflation. In addition, Japan has enough assets to cover its government bonds.
The first is financial assets. The first is financial assets, which are all assets minus real assets.
The second is net external assets. The second is external net worth, which is the sum of
external assets and external liabilities. The government has 366 trillion yen. The third ishousehold finance. The third is household finance, which has been increasing year by year,
amounting to 1,700 trillion yen (2016). The third is household finance, which has been
increasing year by year to 1,700 trillion yen in 2016. I thought that the majority of people inJapan do not know what this survey revealed. The people may also be under the
misconception that the government cannot manage money. And I think there are many people
who think that Japan is on the verge of bankruptcy.
３Conclusion
I wondered where the cause of this lies. We thought that it probably lies in the news

programs and news that the Japanese people watch every day. There is still a lack of
information about this, and we have not been able to obtain statistics on various things suchas the bias of views on news stories. Therefore, we have not yet been able to make a proposal
for this research.
The issue for the future is that, as mentioned above, there are many areas that have notbeen fully investigated. We have not yet considered the benefits of this research for people inall fields.
４

Referenceslogmi.com(2014)
https://logmi.jp/business/articles/14626
2021/10/13
HealthROOM (2020)
https://hoken-room.jp/money-life/8614
2021/10/13
FINDERS (2019)https://finders.me/articles.php?id=1444
2021/10/13
Mr. Kazuya Sugiura and Mr. Tatsushi Maeno (2016)
https://gentosha-go.com/articles/-/4212
2021/10/13
livedoorNEWS (2015)
https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/10224660/
2021/10/13
gavage news (2021)
http://www.garbagenews.net/archives/2126503.html
2021/10/13
Ameba (2014)
https://ameblo.jp/d5808hbv/entry-11962058867.html
2021/10/13
Gendai Business Kodansha
https://gendai.ismedia.jp/articles/-/47156?page=5✖
(currently no page)
Kingdom of Norway (2020)
http://www.yu-cho-f.jp/wp-content/uploads/Norway-1.pdf
2021/10/13
Mr. Raizo Fuwa (2019)https://news.yahoo.co.jp/byline/fuwaraizo/20210111-00215874/

2021/10/13
NIRA General Research and Development Organization (2021)
https://www.nira.or.jp/past/pubj/output/dat/3406.html
2021/10/13

To Solve Residue Medicine Problem~Let’s Apply ICT between Medical Institution~
5420 Yoshida Asahi
Abstract
Recent years, the residue medicine problem that patients forget to take medicine
prescribed by doctors is paid attention.And elderly people mainly cause the problem.For
example, government's finances are pressed and the health of patients would deteriorate
because of sub-effection of that medicine. Therefore the problem is a strain on our country.
According to 「Qlife」that is a company that tries to research health, patients have morecauses than people who provide patients with medical care.However,the countermeasure to
the problem has conducted yet. Then,I focused on people who provide patients with medicalcare positions and considered the countermeasure.
I want to propose sistem that can keep in touch with patients and medical institutions by
ICT. As a result, the safety and affection of medicine for patients can improve because
pharmacists will grasp the background of medicine permanently and centralized and double
prescription and medical sub-affection between some medical institutions.
Therefore this new system suppresses the harm of a patient's health condition and solves
the residue medicine problem.

１

Introduction
The first objective of the research is to solve the problem of leftover medicine. Currently,

with the development of medical technology, leftover medicine has become a major problem.
Leftover medication refers to the medication left at home after a patient has received it from a
hospital or other institution because the patient forgot to take it. According to data from the
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, the amount of leftover medication is said to be as
much as 50 billion yen per year, and it is increasing every year. The amount is increasing year

by year, and it is also putting pressure on the finances of medical insurance. Remaining
medication is a common problem in many countries around the world, including developed
countries. For example, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the adherence
rate for medications prescribed for the treatment of chronic diseases is only 50% worldwide.
Adherence means following the doctor's decision to take the treatment, which means that halfof the people do not follow the doctor's instructions.
２

Discussion and implications
There are various problems and causes for the problem of remaining medication. For

example, patients decide to take their medication at their own discretion. For example,
patients may decide to take their medication at their own discretion, or they may take their
medication during the day but sleep during the day and wake up at night. In addition, somepeople, especially the elderly and those who live alone, are unable to manage their
medication. If patients do not take their medication as directed, they may not get the desired
effect and may end up prolonging the treatment period.
Many measures have been taken so far. One example is the campaign to collect leftover
medication. Pharmacy Co., Ltd. is running a campaign to save money by collecting leftover
medicines. The pharmacists will intervene and sort out the medicines if the patients bring
their leftover medicines to the pharmacy in a "leftover medicine collection bag". The
Fukuoka Pharmaceutical Association and Kyushu University have been experimenting withthe collection of leftover medication as part of a pharmaceutical-pharmaceutical collaboration
project, and some results have been achieved. The use of the medication handbook is also
being promoted. An application that can be used with a smartphone has also been developed.
Remaining medication is also considered a problem overseas. According to Yaku Carry
Plus, for example, in the U.K., the NHS (National Health Service) covers medical expenses.
In the U.K., for example, the NHS (National Health Service) covers the cost of medical care,so the cost is a problem, and the loss is about 300 million pounds. Therefore, "Only Order
What You Need" is being called for in the UK. In the U.S., there are also problems caused byleftover drugs. One is environmental pollution. In the U.S., there is a practice of flushingexcess medication down the toilet, and in 1999 and 2000, tests of river water quality showedthe presence of pharmaceuticals. Secondly, there is an increase in the number of people whoare addicted to drugs due to the misuse of drugs that have accumulated in their homes. In
response, the U.S. has launched a nationwide campaign to collect prescription drugs. In the
U.S., a nationwide campaign to collect prescription drugs was launched.
According to Qlife, Inc. (Figure 1), patients are more likely to have leftover medication
than pharmacies or hospitals that provide medical care. （In addition, according to Qlife, Inc.
(Figure 1), the causes of leftover medication are more often caused by patients than by
medical providers such as pharmacies and hospitals ("patients forgetting to take medication,""patients intentionally reducing or prematurely terminating medication due to anxiety or
self-judgment," "patients mistakenly taking the wrong dosage"). However, the reason why
there are so many leftover medications despite these measures is that there are someshortcomings in the measures that are difficult to solve. On the other hand, the second itemfrom the top in Figure 1, "Duplicate prescriptions of the same type of drug by multiple
prescribers," is what I want you to pay attention to. If we consider the other items to be theresponsibility of the patient, this item can be classified as the responsibility of the healthcare
provider. The reason for this could be the lack of relationship between the doctor andpharmacist who see the patient. In the original system, if a patient has leftover medication,
the pharmacist should consult with the doctor to determine the number of leftover medicationand suggest to the doctor to adjust the number of prescription days. Then, the doctor cansuggest to the pharmacist to change the medication to one that suits the patient's situation.
However, the current situation is that this is not being done in many places. This is why the
problem of remaining medication is caused by medical providers. (Figure 1）↓ Figure1

３

Conclusion
Therefore, we turned our attention to the causes of this healthcare system and tried tocome up with countermeasures.
According to the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, the current healthcare system is
as shown in Figure 2. If a patient goes to one hospital 「A」, he or she can only go to one
pharmacy. In addition, due to the lack of coordination among medical institutions, hospital b
and hospital c do not know what kind of medicine the patient received or what kind oftreatment the patient received. Therefore, if the same patient goes to a different hospital 「B」, he or she may receive the same medication or treatment, resulting in leftover medication.
Alternatively, if different medicines are administered to the patient, they may be different
medicines that, if taken together, will adversely affect the patient's health.
On the other hand, in the system shown in Fig. 3), since each medical institution isconnected by ICT, it is possible to clearly identify who went to which hospital and what
medicine was given for what symptoms, which not only prevents duplication of medicines
but also takes into consideration side effects. It is as if the entire community is treating thepatient. In addition, if we can collaborate not only with hospitals but also with other medical
institutions such as dentists, we can check for side effects and increase the certainty andsafety of the treatment itself. If this system is expanded nationwide, and hospitals across thecountry are linked by ICT, even if a patient suffers an unexpected injury or illness while
traveling to an unfamiliar place, the patient will be able to receive treatment safely andquickly, taking into account the patient's medical history and prescribed medication.
In addition, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) aims to establish acomprehensive community support and service provision system (community-based

comprehensive care system) by 2025 so that the elderly can maintain their dignity, support
independent living, and continue to live their own lives in their familiar communities as longas possible until the end of their lives. We aim to establish a comprehensive support andservice delivery system (community-based comprehensive care system). As part of thiseffort, if we can introduce this ICT-based system, we will be able to build a better
comprehensive community care system. Currently, models for comprehensive community
care systems include Setagaya Ward in Tokyo, Nagaoka City in Niigata Prefecture, andNanbu Town in Tottori Prefecture.
However, there are several possible problems with this system that I am considering. For
example, the construction of a new medical system is costly and without precedent. Also,
when considered on a regional scale, there are concerns about medical disparities among
regions. However, if such a system can be realized, it will not only bring us closer to solving
the problem of leftover medication, but will also lead to improved safety.

Figure2↓

Figure3↓４

References「PHARMACY Co.Ltd」<. https://www.pharmacy-net.co.jp/>6/30「Saving medicine bag movement. Pharmaceutical Collaboration between Fukuoka City
Pharmaceutical Association and Kyushu University. 」TAKAO SHIMAZOE(2014)6/30「Only Order What You Need」.< http://www.medicinewaste.com/＞6/30「Qlife」<https://www.qlife.co.jp/news/7006.html>6/30「Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare 」7/5
<https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/hukushi_kaigo/kaigo_koureisha/chiiki-houkatsu/>「The state of pharmacies and pharmacists, safe access to medicines、Ministry of
Health, Labor and Welfare<https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/11121000/000366641.pdf >How to Increase the Number of Literate People~Using Social Media and Electronic Book~

5421 Yoshida Shunsuke
Abstract
According to Japanese newspaper reports , the number of students who read book is
increasing. Reading is good for the growth of children. I consider this situation is bad forJapanese children’s future so I try to solve the problem that many young people don’t read.
First , I learn about the agenda and realize the number of reading children in elementary
school and junior high school increases year by year. However the number of students in highschool and college decrease year by year. By learning this fact I changed my target to only
high school and college students. That's whyI suggest “reading together”.By using social
media and electronic books , we can increase the number of reading students. There are three
merits to use them . First , the layer of users. Second , the features of social media. Third , thenumber of devices.In conclusion , I suggest using social media and electronic books to solve
this problem.

１

Introduction
The term "young people are losing interest in the printed word" is not a new one; it has

been used for about 45 years, since the 1970s. Since there has been such a long period oftime, the government has taken a number of measures. However, at least for elementary andjunior high school students, there has been an improvement in their reading habits, partly due
to activities such as morning reading. However, the reading rate of high school anduniversity students has been declining year by year, and it seems that effective measures have
not yet been taken to prevent high school and university students from losing interest inreading. The theme of this study is to increase the reading rate, but some people may ask
whether reading will improve the global environment. I am very concerned about the decline
in vocabulary skills among young people in recent years. I believe that the decline in theseskills will significantly lower the status of the Japanese people in the international
community, and will become an obstacle for us as an advanced nation to take the lead in
addressing international issues. This may lead to delays in solving global environmental
problems. The purpose of this research is to avoid such a situation by improving the ability ofJapanese people to read.

２

Discussion and implications
I thought of two approaches to increase the reading rate: one is the use of social

networking services and the other is the use of e-books. Professor Hashimoto of the
University of Tokyo pointed out the following five factors that have contributed to the spreadof social networking services: First,. cost. Second, ubiquity due to the connection with cell
phones. Third, a wide range of synchronized transmissions. Forth, transmission of one's own
information to many recipients. Uplifting and liberating feeling. Fifth, Realistic response. I
focused on 4 and 5 of these, and thought that it would be possible to "read together" byconnecting with people around us on social media to expand the horizontal circle. I think that
this will bring about a good cycle, where people who have read a book post their impressions
on social media, and people who are interested in the book will pick it up and post theirimpressions on social media. I propose the use of e-books to facilitate the process from

reading to posting. One of the advantages of e-books is that not only can you read and post ona single smartphone, but you can also easily search for unfamiliar words. With paper books,
if you don't understand a word, you have to look it up in a dictionary. With e-books, however,you can find out how to read a word, what it means, and how to use it by pressing andholding on the word you want to look up. I think this is a good way to achieve the goal of
improving vocabulary. For these reasons, the use of e-books and social media is a good idea.
The current issue is whether this method will help people who have never read books to startreading, and the fact that the e-book system is not yet developed. I found it difficult to findthe books I wanted to read when I actually tried to use the system. According to Mr. Isozaki,
the author of "The Finance of Entrepreneurship," it costs a lot of money to convert books toelectronic format, and it is difficult to increase the variety of books without increasing thenumber of users. Therefore, we need to come up with more effective solutions.

３

Conclusion
I propose social networking and e-book lingering to increase the reading rate of young

people. Reading will improve the skills needed to live in an increasingly complex society.

４

References

⽂部科学省（2012）「平成22年度全国学⼒・学習状況調査」<https://www.nier.go.jp/10chousakekkahoukoku/10_point.pdf>
2020年3⽉21⽇閲覧
清⽔⼀彦（2014）「「若者の読書離れ」という“常識”の構成と受容」<https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jshuppan/45/0/45_117/_pdf>
2020年3⽉21⽇閲覧

公益社団法⼈全国学校図書館協議会（2019）「全国学校図書館協議会、毎⽇新聞社」<https://www.j-sla.or.jp/material/research/dokusyotyousa.html>
2020年3⽉21⽇閲覧
全国⼤学⽣協連（2019）「学⽣⽣活実態調査」<https://www.univcoop.or.jp/press/life/report.html>
2020年3⽉21⽇閲覧
磯崎哲也（2010）「電⼦出版で「本のコスト」はタダになるか︖」<https://agora-web.jp/archives/1017878.html>

2020年3⽉21⽇閲覧

The Effect Way to Use a Park
~To Make it a Place to Interact with Others
5422

Mizuho Okonogi

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to use a park in an effective way. Anyone can use a park
anytime for free. In addition, I came up with the idea of making the park to interact withothers. Thus, I propose that they play games outside in the park, the number of children whoplay in the park increases, and increases chances to interact with local people. Furthermore,
if they play online games, they will make teams among areas and will be able to play withteams in different prefectures or countries. They can band together as a team.
There are some problems. It is whether children go to the park and play games outside.I haveto tell children some charms of the game. Of course, there are children who like playing
inside and don't like exercise, so I must make an original appeal of the project.
1, Introduction
I want to use the park for a lot of people. Anyone can use a park anytime for free.Recently,
the number of children who play outside is increasing, because they play games after school.
Now, some students go to lessons.According to a survey by Mr.Hiroyuki Tsuruyama of
Toyama university, most of the playing outside like tag or soccer needs many people,sochildren who don’t go to lessons can’t play outside. And,there is a problem that somechildren exercise too little.Playing outside has a lot of merits which help to be cooperativeand improve communication skills, so I want to solve this problem.I will enact this proposal,
and I want to make a place for my children to play.
Furthermore, chances to socialize with the people in the neighborhood community are
decreasing.According to the Cabinet Office, the number of people who often communicate
with local people and sometimes communicate with them decreased by 60% during theperiod from 2000 to 2007.If I introduce this proposal, local people will be able tocommunicate with them.Furthermore, children can make their whereabouts since theytalk to children who are different grades or school.They can make more friends.
Also, there are problems about children’s lack of playing.According to Japan Sports Agency,a change of the total score of strength in elementary school’,the score is decreasing from2004 to 2005.The sports agency said,the cause of decreasing is that children aren’t
play a lot of time and overweight child are decreasing, and increasing watching screen time.I
found the reason that the cause happened. First, the time when to playoutside.Second,increasing the number of playgrounds such as vacant orparks.Third.declining birth rate the study activities expect school.

2, Discussion and implications
I propose that local people enjoy playing games in the park, because I think child park
users can increase ,and make chances to be connected to the local community. And,not to besorry for people who want to use it for different purposes,I will decide which day of the week

to use.I will change the concrete contents of the game regularly.
According to ”Toshiriyousyakouenzisshityosa in 2014”,the number of people who areunder 18 years old who use a park is decreasing every year.
And, chances to play outside for children are decreasing ,because playing inside isfulfilling and makes strict rules.I will send some staff members not to prevent trable.

3, Conclusion
There are some assignments.First search’s assignment is to make noise.Now, there arestrict rules in the park because neighboring residents have difficulty in making noise in thepark.
Second,the park isn’t completely safe.

4, References
The Ministry of Land [Heisei 26 nendo toshikouennriyouzittaityousanogaikyou(thesurvey of using parks in a city in 2004.)］
1-256
Japan Sports Agency[the result of custom and ability of playing in the whole country in2019(Reiwagannenndozenkokutairyoku・undounouryoku,undousyuukantyousakekka)]https://www.mext.go.jp/sports/b_menu/toukei/kodomo/zencyo/1411922_00001.
html (June 13th)

Specialty Childcare Facilities for Developmental Disorder Children
Which is Specialized in an Area
~Support for Everyone Associated with Developmental Disorders People~

5423

Keina Kano

Abstract
People who are diagnosed with developmental disorders tend to be increasing and thelevel of cognition is higher and higher. However they and people who are involved in them
have problems. Those are not a few. Then I’d like to suggest “ specialty childcare facilities
for developmental disorder children which specialized in an area”. It expects to overtake its
own weak points, care for childminders and provide training places for people who want tobecome one. The ways for children are making care programs and interacting with otherchildren. To remove parents' anxiety or stress, it holds parent association with residents with
developmental disability children in the area. For students who wish to work aschildminders, it is used the place for childcare training.

１

Introduction
Nowadays it seems to be an increasing tendency of people with developmental disorders.

According to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the number is about 480,000. Also
focused on child students, the number of child students who learn in special support classes in
H29 is about 9.6 times larger than in H15.(figure 1) As the factors are gain of awareness by
enforsmenting the developmental disorders people support low and multiplying the ratio of
the appoliciate children by changing the diagnosing standard. Generally speaking ofdevelopmental disorder, there are various symptoms such as autism spectrum disorder,
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disorder, stuttering and tic disorder andparticularly of action and mental by the difference of natural brain works. Pre-stage ofcompulsory education which is important to do collective action, in other words, on thechildcare stage, it is important to realize the symptoms instantaneously and care to improve it.

２

Discussion and implications
My suggestion is “ specialty childcare facilities for developmental disorder children

which specialized in an area”. Those need the cooperation of the other nursery school andkindergarten, parents who have developmental disorder children in the area, and people whowant to be a childminder.

For children
This facility provides a way of childcare specialized in each child individually. It is assame as making programs based on the story of their parents and opinions of doctors incharge or occupational therapists. To be specific, in case of attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder, making a small class, keeping in mind to make an environment that they canconcentrate on and making lists when childminders give them assignments. Also, considering
study disorders children, they act in a class of the extant number of children because they
don’t hinder daily life and they have learning time in childcare with various teachingmaterials to proceed studying little by little. I think they will be able to face their own
symptoms and it will be the first step to play an active part in society. For developmental
disabilities, the rate of becoming school refusal when they come to go to elementary school
which has collective action much higher than the other children since they can not be familiar
with the system. Then, it is very important to overcome their own poor parts. Moreover somenursery schools and kindergartens refuse to accept them but they can be relieved that they areeasy to enter this facility. However there are some demerits. They limited communication
partners because of their disease. To solve this problem, I suggest interacting with anotherkindergarten or nursery office in the same area. The frequency will be three times a month. It
adjusts the times in order to be careful about each other. For developmental disorders
children, it will be good opportunities to communicate or play with the same generations andthe improvement of communication skill can be expected. Also, for other children, it will be achance to think about how to contact them and what developmental disorders are, then they
can learn important things before advancing society.

For parents
The anxiety of their children is unfathomable. According to “ The study of factors
associated with depressions of parents who have developmental disorders children”, thefamilies have more spiritual burden and trouble than other families. To eliminate the anxiety
and snuggle up with them , I suggest the parents association including the parents who havedevelopmental disorders children in the area. They will be able to have a deep understanding
about their children or how to grow up and feel that the other parents need their own
experiences exchanging different opinions with parents who have the same circumstances.
Also, it will make an opportunity to hear the story of their children or schools and find workin the future inviting parents in the area. In addition, it is important to rebuild the support
system in which each child overcomes their weaks by talking with the childminder.

For childminder
From “ The study about care of children with disabilities in nursery school” of Mizuho
zyoho souken kabusikigaisya, the concrete standard about the municipalities where set thesame standard no matter the degree of the disabilities is “one childminder per one child withdisabilities “ which occupy about three discount and “one childminder per three children withdisabilities” which occupy about tew discount. In the case of regular nursery school orkindergarten, it has been decided that more than one child per six children of one and two
years, more than one childminder per twenty children of three years,and more than one
childminder per thirty children of four and five years. Therefore a lot of childminders arenecessary for developmental disorders child care although there are differences of age.
According to the ministry, there are lack of about 74,000 childminders in H29.Also about
half of people who have the license of childminder don’t work in nursery school.(figure2) As
the reason, the weight of responsibility is the highest and followed relationship with parents,

the complaint for the education and training system. (figure3) In H22, the unit of cure ofchildren with disabilities was increased in the process to take the license. Based on it, I think
about the training of students in colleges and vocational schools of the area in the facility.
The students don’t contact children with developmental disorders so it may be difficult.
Especially, children with autism perhaps can not get involved with the students because they
are not good at interpersonal communication. Then the students should take care to directly
involve the children who can communicate smoothly and indirectly support the other children
such as making lists of actions for autism or talking parents to make . To do that, I think thestudents can get the skill as childminders, in addition they can learn and get involved with theparents. They will have confidence and responsibility as a childminder. I think it encourages
better childcare for children with developmental disorders in regular nursery schools, whichof course can solve the problem of waiting children.

３

Conclusion

I think that such childcare facilities will contribute to approaching a society in which people
with developmental disabilities, who are expected to increase in the future, and those
involved in them can play an active role more easily. In addition, I think that the support oflocal communities and the correct understanding of people's developmental disabilities will
create a comfortable society.

figure1 “Changes in the number of children receiving guidance through class” fromdevelopmental disability education support center

figure2 “Percentage of childcare qualification holders who wish to work in childcare
position” from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfarefigure3 “The reason not to work as childminder”from the Ministry of Health, Labor andWelfare４

References

Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare(2011) “Let’s start knowing everyone’s mental health”
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/kokoro/know/disease_develop.html 2021. 6.22

Developmental Disability Education Promotion Center (2016) "Results of Survey on
Guidance Implementation Status by Classroom 2016"
https://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/tokubetu/material/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2017/04/07/13
83567_03.pdf

2021.4.17

Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (2018) "Survey on the difficulty of living in 2016"
https://resemom.jp/article/2018/04/09/43970.html

2021.7.5

Rina Michihara, Sumiko Iwamoto (2012) "Study of factors related to depression in motherswith children with developmental disabilities"
https://www.kurume-u.ac.jp/uploaded/attachment/2384.pdf

2021.9.12

Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (2014) "Toward" Creating an Attractive Workplace "toSecure Childcare Human Resources"
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/04-Houdouhappyou-11601000-Shokugyouanteikyoku-Soumuka/
0000057898.pdf

2021.9.12

Mizuho Information & Research Institute, Ltd. (2017) "Study on childcare for children withdisabilities in daycare centers"
https://www.mizuho-ir.co.jp/case/research/pdf/kosodate2017_03.pdf 2021.9.12

To Reduce Food Waste~In the World that Is Changing with Coronavirus~

5424

Aika Koyama

Abstract
Food waste is food we can still eat but it is thrown away. There are a lot of reasons to reducefood waste. For example, the prices of food will go up because the prices are including theprices of food which is abandoned. Moreover, the food for poverty will disappear. From thesereasons, we can easily understand that it is worth solving the problem. My purpose of
research is to create an innovative idea to reduce food waste. I learned about today’s
Japanese food waste. Then I researched about the Japanese government policy of food waste,
Japanese major convenience stores’ efforts, and an application development company. Basedon this information, I think it is important to create circumstances where customers cancooperate to solve the problem. This research’s conclusion is to create a new application of
convenience stores. Its function is that we, customers can know the stock of products atconvenience stores anywhere and anytime.
1 Introduction
Since the spread of the new coronavirus, exchanges with other countries have been
restricted. On the other hand, Japan relies on imports for a lot of food, and its self-sufficiency
rate is only 38 percent. With the further spread of infection, restrictions on exchanges withother countries will worsen, and if imports cannot be carried out normally, Japan may soon
fall into a food shortage. In order to prevent such a worst situation, I have come to think thatthe food in Japan should be consumed without waste, that is, food waste should be reduced.
The purpose of this research is to investigate food waste mainly at convenience stores that areclose to us, and then think about ways to reduce overall food waste. I conducted a survey
focusing on materials on the Internet regarding efforts to reduce food waste centered onconvenience stores. The survey items are the amount of food waste in Japan as a whole, theamount of food waste in convenience stores, the measures taken by the government for foodwaste measures, and the food waste measures for the two major convenience stores of Seven
Eleven and Lawson.
2 Discussion and implications

Japanese food waste
First of all, I researched Japanese food waste. Actually, the total amount of Japanese foodwaste is about 6.12 million tons. 54% of this is food waste from companies. The amount of
the waste is as much as about 48kg is thrown away a year per Japanese. According to
Yamato Enelf Company, food waste that comes from one convenience store of value is about
20 to 50 thousand every day. Main of it is bread, onigiri, bento and side dishes. Especially,
fried food and oden are thrown away a lot, because the time to be able to sell them is very
short. They occupy the value of food loss comes from convenience stores about 20
thouthands in one store per day. The Ministry of the Environment said the weight of food loss
from one convenience store is about 16 kilograms per day. From these data, it is easy to seethat we must consider the problem seriously.

The Japanese government
The Japanese government enforces a law about promotion of reduction of food waste on
October 1st, 1st year of Reiwa. The law is stipulated to help food bank activities, companies
and customers to educate about food and so on.

Efforts to reduce food waste of three main convenience stores in Japan are following.
The efforts of Seven-Eleven
Seven-Eleven is doing an ethical project. This project is that we can receive five percent
nanaco points when we buy products which are close to selling date. Then Seven-Elevenadvertises the ethical project for customers. Because of this project and other efforts to reducefood loss and waste, a store could reduce about 30 percent compared to the last year.

The efforts of Lawson
Lawson started cooking some food in the stores. It is called ‘machikado kitchen’. They
can control the production of food by customers’ movements. In addition, they are using asystem called ‘Semi-automatic ordering system’. This is a system that automatically
recommends ‘optimal product lineup’ and ‘number of orders by product’ by analyzing
information. For example,sales status, customer base, and weather for each store.
Summary of Discussion and implications
Considering from these information, I found that the Japanese government encourages
customers and companies to have interest in food waste by making the law.
Seven-Eleven gives privilege to customers who reduce food waste and encourage them tocorporate reducing them. Lawson strives to reduce product ordering and manufacturing
waste. Then Lawson increases profits.
Consumers are always at the center of every effort to reduce food waste. I think the mostimportant thing is to create an environment where consumers themselves are aware of it andcooperate little by little.

3 Conclusion
This research’s conclusion is not to think that it is natural to have a life of ‘you can eat asmuch as you like, deliciously and enjoyably’ anytime and anywhere. Thanks to this way of
thinking, consumers will be able to eat at a low price, companies’ profit will increase and thelives of a lot of people will be saved by providing food. There are countless good things for
all people. We should learn the possibilities and tell them to a lot of people.
In order to achieve the thinking, I propose to create an app that allows you to know theinventory of convenience store products in real time that are close to consumers. The benefit

to consumers with the app is that you can see where the product you want is in which store
anytime. The benefit to companies with it is that they can reduce food waste because they canfind the customers who really want products. In addition, the app should show not only
information about food product inventory but also other things such as notification of thetiming of fried food, notification of seasonal products and so on. Then more and more people
will stop at convenience stores. Also I’d like to add a reservation system. Even if you know
the status of the products in real time, you can not know whether the product which you arelooking for remains until you arrive at the store. There are reasons to ask convenience stores
to take advantage of this app. First, since there are many stores , it is easy for consumers to
use the app. Second, if a major convenience store develops the app and succeeds, it will
surely affect not only rival companies but also companies in other fields. Then, it may
become common sense to know the product status in real time.

4 References[1] Ministry of the Environment (2005). “Summary of publicly available information on theamount of food waste generated and control of food waste generated at supermarkets andconvenience stores”
https://www.env.go.jp/council/former2013/03haiki/y0314-05/ref01-4.pdf[2] Consumer Affairs Agency(2019). “Act on Promotion of Reduction of Food Loss”
https://www.caa.go.jp/policies/policy/consumer_policy/information/food_loss/promote/[3] Seven-Eleven(2020) “ Sustainability Action Book 2020-2021 ~ Aiming for a Sustainable
Society” https://www.sej.co.jp/library/csr/pdf/csr/actionbook/2020/all.pdf[4]Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2018). “What is food loss?”
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/shokusan/recycle/syoku_loss/161227_4.html[5]Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2020). “Japan's Food Self-Sufficiency
Rate” https://www.maff.go.jp/j/zyukyu/zikyu_ritu/012.html[6]Yamato Eneruf Co., Ltd. “How much is food loss at convenience stores a day?”http://www.enelf.jp/archives/2613

[7]Lawson (2020). “Proposing an earth-friendly life, a relieved project”
https://www.lawson.co.jp/company/activity/whew_kindness/
All references above are viewed on January 31, 2021.

Reduction of Food Waste~Setting the Second Use-by Date~
5425

Kaho Sakai

Abstract
According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2020), about 6.12
million tons of food are thrown away in Japan every year. The process of disposal causes a lotof CO2, and these food Waste are mainly caused by expired use-by date. The use-by dateindicates how long we can eat the food. To reduce food waste, I suggest setting the second
use-by date. In fuct, food makers multiply by a number less than 0 to ensure food safety
because Food may not be squeezed at the proper temperature. However, this system makes
the use-by date much shorter, and many people throw away food simply because it has
expired the use-by date. Therefore, it's resulting in food waste. To solve the problem, I
suggest showing the second use-by date which was set by tests, and telling consumers the lastday when the food is still safe to eat.
1 Introduction
These days, we are in trouble caused by climate change, such as rising temperature,
drought, natural disaster, and the population is growing year by year. If food waste occurs,
CO2 will rise during the process of food production and disposal, so greenhouse gasses thatcause global warming will be generated. Therefore, it is necessary for us to reduce food waste
and the burden on the earth. I set a research question, ”What is the best way to reduce foodwaste and reduce the environmental burden on the earth?” First, I researched the process of
how to set the use-by date using the Internet, mainly the Consumer Affairs Agency, and theMinistry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Furthermore, I think it is a good way to set
the second use-by date on food packages.
2 Discussion and implications

First, I researched why food waste occurs. According to the Ministry of Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries, business food waste accounts for 54% of the total food waste, andHousehold food waste is 46% in Japan. These kinds of food waste are mainly caused by
expired use-by date and lack of proper planning of food purchase.
Now, the use-date is set by various tests, such as Physical and chemical tests, microbial
tests, sensory tests but the date is not shown on the food package. In fuct, food makers
multiply by a number less than 1 to ensure food safety because Food may not be squeezed at
the proper temperature. However, this system makes the use-by date much shorter, andmany people throw away food simply because it has expired the use-by date. Therefore, it's
resulting in food Waste. To solve the problem, I suggest showing the two use-by dates. The
the first use-by date indicates the period showed the safety of food that we usually see onfood packages. The second use-by date indicates the last day when the food is still safe toeat, and I think the second use-by date should be set by tests, not manipulated numbers. If
the consumers can know the last date to eat, they can have an opportunity to check the foodcondition before they throw the food. As a result, there will be less possibility to throw awayfood simply because it has expired the use-by date.
Then, we need to tell consumers that the use-by date which is shown on the food package
is shorter than the date which is set by tests, so we don’t have to mind even if the food passed
the date a little. I think the best way to tell the truth is commercial because most people havetelevision. According to the Consumer Affairs Agency, 96.2 percent of the population in
Japan has color television. For this reason, the television has much impact on consumers, so
we can encourage people to have doubts about how to set a use-by date by using comercial.
I want consumers to know that it is safe if we eat the food within the date which was set by a
lot of tests, and I want to encourage them to reduce food loss caused by expired use by dateof food because it will be a step to reduce the burden on the earth.
3 Conclusion
My research question is ”What is the best way to reduce food waste and reduce theenvironmental burden on the earth?” I suggested showing the second use-by date which wasset by tests, but encouraging consumers to buy whatever food we can eat is also important.
Thus, I want to tell them about the system setting a use-by date now by using comercial.

However, it is difficult to realize the plan because I don’t know the advertising effect incommercials. Moreover, it is much more difficult to encourage food companies to change theway of setting a use-by date. To solve these problems, I want to continue thinking about how
to reduce food waste.
4 References
International Agriculture, Forestry and Industry Collaboration Association (JAICAF)(2014). Influence of Los and Discards of Agriculture and Forestry Food Food in the World
Give Environment
https://www.jaicaf.or.jp/fileadmin/user_upload/publications/FY2014/wns_14summer.pdf.
accessed 2021 July 24.

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2020).
The current status of food loss.
https://www.maff.go.jp/j/pr/aff/2010/spe1_01.html.
accessed 2021 July 16
Consumer Court (2005). Guidelines for setting food expiration display.
https://www.caa.go.jp/policies/policy/food_labeling/food_sanitation/expiration_date/pdf/syok
uhin23.pdf.
accessed 2021 August 7
Consumer Affairs Agency (2014).
Efforts to the Current Status and Reduction of Food Loss .https://www.caa.go.jp/policies/policy/consumer_research/white_paper/2014/white_paper_109.html
accessed 2021 August 15
Cabinet Office Economic Social Research Institute Inc.
https://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/stat/shouhi/honbun202103.pdf.
accessed 2021 August 29
Yuki Makino (2008). A Study on the Influence of Content Information on Advertising Effects(2)Management Information Research, Volume 16, 1-11

Space Food Could Work As Emergency Food
~Space Food Supports Eventuality~5426 Tanaka Nonoha
Abstract
Tokyo’s Disaster risk index is 710. It is the highest data in the world. This dateshows that Japan is in a very dangerous situation now. If a disaster happens, we go to
the emergency center. However the food’s excess or deficiency was big in theemergency center when the Great East Japan earthquake hit in Japan. A lot of disastervictim’s health was damaged by the situation. Thus I started my study to help their diet.
Finally, I would like to propose “Space Food”. That is because Space Food has along use-by date so we can use it at emergency time, do our mental care and reduce
food's excess or deficiency. According to the local government of Tamamura town, it
prepares rice, water and rice cookies. This result looks like the food’s excess ordeficiency graph. That is why I suggest using Space Food treat as plus α.

1 Introduction
As can be seen from Chart 1, the disaster risk in Tokyo and Yokohama in Japan isoverwhelmingly more than seven times that of Los Angeles. This shows that disasters
are a global problem because they occur in many parts of the world, and that the risk ofdisasters in Japan is much higher and more dangerous than in other countries.
The first place we go when a disaster strikes is an evacuation center. According toChart 2 , there is an excess of cereal food, but a shortage of vegetables, meat, and dairy
products. Also, at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake, the quantity and qualityof food was inadequate and some elderly people suffered from lack of food, which led
to pneumonia and loss of their lives. In addition, because the sewage system was notavailable, people were instructed to drink up the soup of cup noodles, which led to the
problem of excessive salt intake and unbalanced nutrition.
In other words, the food at the evacuation center was ruining their health. From
there, I began researching ways to enrich dietary habits during disasters.
The goal of this research is to eventually be used around the world, but first we arefocusing on Japan, where Tokyo has a high disaster risk index.
My study method is as follows. First using the Internet and researching the types ofspace food and their effects. Moreover, check the blogs of astronauts Soichi Noguchi
and Naoko Yamazaki, who had actually eaten space food on the ISS (International
Space Station), to see what they thought of space food and their food reports.
Next I tried tasting space food such as yakitori and rice balls.
In addition, I inquired about Tamamura Town's emergency food stockpile to aperson in charge of the Fire and Disaster Prevention Section of the Environment and
Safety Department, and compared it to the graph of food shortages and excesses at thetime of the earthquake(Chart 2).

2 Discussion and implications
・Space Food and Disaster
First, what is space food? JAXA (2020) defines space food as "food to be served toastronauts who will stay in space for extended periods of time, such as on theInternational Space Station (ISS)". Thus why is space food necessary for awell-balanced diet in times of disaster? It is because the functions and required roles ofspace food can also be applied to disaster victims. There are four main functions ofspace food.
The first has a long use-by date. Since space food is provided to astronauts on
long-duration missions on the ISS, the expiration date is set at a minimum of one and ahalf years, and the longest food has a semi-permanent shelf life. This means that we can
eat as emergency food in times of disaster, and food loss due to expiration dates can be
reduced.

The second is JAXA (2011) states that the purpose of providing space food toastronauts is to "reduce mental stress, refresh the mood, and maintain and improve
performance. "Eating a familiar meal can alleviate mental stress. In the same way, I
supposed that disaster victims can also relieve their stress by eating familiar food during
a disaster.
Third, it is possible to consume space foods when distribution has been stopped. In
times of disaster, distribution is often stopped. This was the case during the Great East
Japan Earthquake. According to Mr.Beppu (2013), most of the food in the disaster area
is "rice balls" and "sweet breads", which are mainly carbohydrates, and people getbored with the same flavor and find it painful to eat. However, by using space food, it ispossible to eat meat, vegetables, and other delicacies such as jellies, even if distribution
stops.
The fourth reason is a little similar to the third. It is good for nutritional balance. The
premise is that space food is provided for astronauts on long-duration stays on the ISS.
Therefore, the meals are nutritionally balanced and health-conscious.
・Disaster victims and Astoronauts
In thinking about the function of space food, I realized that the situation of"astronauts" and "disaster victims" have several things in common. First is the location.
Space and ground may seem completely different, but they have something in common.
Astronauts are in the ISS, which is a very limited space. In the same way, disastervictims are in a limited place called an evacuation center and cannot easily leave. Bothof them are in a place where they cannot come and go easily.
Next is equipment. There are only two types of equipment that astronauts can use on
the ISS: water heaters and food warmers. In addition, hot water can only be used up to
80 degrees Celsius. In addition, water is precious because supplies have to betransported from Earth. Also, in times of disaster, cooking becomes difficult due towater cutoffs and power outages.
The last one is stress. Astronauts are selected through a selection test and represent
the Earth, so to speak, and the missions assigned to them are very important, and eventhe slightest mistake in operation can endanger their lives. Therefore, astronauts have a
lot of stress. Disaster victims also have anxieties and fears due to the unusual situation
caused by the sudden disaster. The Ministry of the Environment (2018) points out theuncertainty of the future, safety concerns such as housing and occupation, and social
prejudice as stress factors for survivors.
・Space food and Emergency foodIn order to make space food into emergency food, I looked into the emergency foodactually stockpiled by the local government. I inquired at the Environment, Fire andDisaster Prevention Division about emergency rations in Tamamura Town, where I
actually live. As a result, I was able to classify the emergency rations into three maincategories: preserved water, rice, and crackers. From this, we can see that the situation
is as shown in Figure 2. In other words, only staple foods are being stockpiled.

3 Conclusion
In order to provide a wide variety of meals, I suggested space food as an emergency
food plus α. One of the issues is that space food is not well known and there are notmany stores selling space food, even though it has more attractive elements thanemergency food. It is necessary to further investigate the causes of such results.

4 References[1] What is Space Food JAXA
<https://iss.jaxa.jp/spacefood/overview/>(2020/08/26)[2] Role of Space Food JAXA
<https://iss.jaxa.jp/spacefood/overview/function/>(2020/08/26)

[3] Certified Japanese Space Food
JAXA<https://iss.jaxa.jp/spacefood/about/japanese/>(2020/08/26)[4]Current Status of Space Food and Use in Disaster Food By Takashi Nakazawa<https://www.nistep.go.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/NISTEP-STT144J-15.pdf>(2020/11/09)[5]West Japan News Paper<https://www.nishinippon.co.jp/item/n/592889/>(2021/11/17)[6]Disaster Prevention Information News Paper<http://www.bosaijoho.jp/association/item_6468.html#:~:text=%E8%A2%AB%E7%81%BD%
E5%9C%B0%E3%81%AB%E5%B1%8A%E3%81%8F%E6%95%91%E6%8F%B4,%E3%83%90%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%82%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E3%81%8C%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%80%82> (2020/08/26)[7]Disaster Victims Factor of Stress<https://www.env.go.jp/chemi/rhm/h30kisoshiryo/attach/h30kiso-slide03-08.pdf>(2021/03/22)

Graph①White Paper on Disaster Management 2004
Natural Disaster Risk Index for World's Major Cities

②The West Japan News Paper
The food’s excess or deficiency in the emergency center when the Great East Japan
earthquake

The Relationship Between City Structure and Car Dependence~Estimating the Impact of Compact Plus Network by Using Indicators~
5427

Lisa Tanaka

Abstract
As the birth rate declines and the population ages and global warming progresses, there isa need to build cities which the elderly can live in on foot and do not depend on cars. In
Japan, a city whose functions are gathered at the center of the city is called a “compact city”.
The Japanese government is promoting “compact plus network”, one kind of compact city
structure. It is composed of cores where various kinds of facilities are gathered and thesecores are connected with public transportations. This research was aimed at revealing therelationship between compact plus network and car dependence. First, I counted the numberof facilities around cores and decided it as a “compact plus network index”. Second, I madean index which shows how much the city depends on cars. When these two values wereexpressed in a scatter plot, it was found that the higher the city's compact plus network degree
was, the less it depended on cars. Therefore “compact plus network” can be a measure tobuild walkable cities.

1

Introduction
Compact plus network is done in order to make the city center lively and reduce the costof infrastructure by gathering city functions around cores.
It is known that there is a strong relationship between the environment and city structure.
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (2011) claims that Maebashi
city emits four times as much carbon dioxide as Kochi city does because the population
density of Maebashi city is lower than that of Kochi city although Maebashi city has as highpopulation and large areas as Kochi city.

There are some previous studies on the relationship between environment and city
structure. Taniguchi(2008) classified cities by city structure and considered the relationshipbetween them and amounts of CO2 emissions. Takeda(2011) developed a “compact city
index” , which is created by combining different factors such as the shape of cities andaccessibility to public transportations. All of them regard cities as one cohesive region.
However this research differs in that this research focused on cores set by each city in the city
master plan (Figure1).
There are three steps to research the relationship.
The first step is to make an index which represents how many facilities there are aroundcores. The more facilities there are near the core, the more convenient the core can be. This
study developed “ Compact + network index” which means the average number of facilities
within 500 meter of each core. In this index, facilities include supermarkets, convenience
stores, hospitals, nursing homes, libraries, and museums. High density population is one of
the conditions for compact plus network because we do not need to put facilities together if
there are few facilities. Therefore, target areas of this study were "Densely Inhabited
Districts"(DID) of each city. Census of 2010 defined DID as areas whose population density
is 4000 or more per square kilometer and adjoining areas have a population of 5000 or more.
In the city master plan, classification of cores differs depending on the local government.
On the other hand, most city master plans had at least two types of cores which were usuallycalled central cores and sub cores.This study focused on these two kinds of cores.
The second step is to make an index which shows how much a city depends on cars. This
study regarded the percentage of cars in representative means of transportations as a car
dependence index. Representative means of transportation is looked into by person trip
survey and it is a main transportation used to reach one destination. The priority is following:train> bus>car>bike>foot.
The third step is to decide target cities. Population density of some extent is necessary forcompact plus network. Ozawa(2014) examined the relationship between the ratio of
population per core and the ratio of convenient cores. In his research, Ozawa made a list of
cities which met the following conditions:(1)Cities with a population of 190000 or more (2)a

population density of 4000 or less per square kilometer (considering DIDrequirements)(2010
Census). This study chose 26 cities from 87 cities in Ozawa’s list, considering the applicationof the compact plus network index and car dependence index and geological locations inJapan. However, cities which do not meet following three conditions are out of target.

(1)Cores are set by the city master plan.
There are some cities which don’t declare that their goals are making a compact city and do
not set cores in their city master plan.
(2)The location of cores can be identified.
The location of cores of some local governments is not clear. Compact plus network index
can not be used when the location is not obvious because it needs to draw a circle aroundcores.
(3)There is the latest data of representative means of transportation.
Representative means of transportations are examined when person trip survey is conductedin each region. However, in some cities the survey is conducted less frequently. Cities whose
representative means of transportation after 2005 were not available were excluded.

The final target cities are Sendai city, Ichihara city, Takasaki city, Toyama city, Takatsuki
city, Himeji city, and Kurashiki city (Table1).

2

Discussion and implications
Each city's characteristic found by the application of two indexes is followed.
Sendai city has 3 cores, which is relatively few, but not only convenience stores andsupermarkets but also hospitals, nursing homes, and other facilities related to medical careand education are concentrated in each core. The number of average facilities within 500m
from cores per core (Compact plus Network Degree:CND) is 32.6(Table 2). Ichihara city has

5 cores. Even though Takasaki city has the largest number of cores, CND is 9.0, which is thelowest of 7 cities, because there are some cores which facilities are not concentrated around.
Toyama city has a large number of libraries and museums, and has many facilities related to
cultural education. Takatsuki city has a few but highly convenient cores like Sendai city snd
its CND is 34.7, which is the highest of 7 cities. Himeji city has several different extent of
convenient cores. Facilities are concentrated in all bases in Kurashiki city.
Next, CND and the degree of dependence on cars are shown by a scatter plot(FIG 2). The
correlation coefficient was -0.92, which means a strong negative correlation. It is alreadyknown that the higher the population density is, the lower residents use cars. The result of thisstudy indicated the relationship between compact plus network and car dependence. Although
there is no telling how high CND affects the dependence on cars, there is a possibility forcompact plus network to be an effective measurement to improve dependence on cars.
Takatsuki city and Sendai city have a few cores. Cities with cores where facilities are notconcentrated such as Takasaki city and Toyama city should reset their cores.

3

Conclusion
Cities which do not depend on cars have many facilities around cores. Local governments

should gather facilities around their cores and build more ecological cities.
At first,this study looked for cities to research based on Ozawa(2014) and decided 27
cities as target cities. However, the final target cities became only 7 cities. It is mainly
because locations of cores of some cities are not clear. Most cities are setting cores on theircity master plan. If local governments make the location of cores clear, they can compare
their city with another city by using indexes and make better plans to improve the city's
convenience of life and sustainability. Therefore, it is also necessary for the local government
to design determinate cores.

4

References

M.Taniguchi, R. Mastunaka, M.Hirano (2008) Time-Series Analysis of the Relationshipbetween Urban Layout and CO2 Emission by Automobile, Journal of the City Planning
Institute of Japan, 43-3,121-126
H. Takeda, M. Shibata, T. Arima (2011). City Ranking and Evaluation Using COmpact City
Indexes -Comparison analysis of 39 densely inhabited districts-, Journal of Architecture andPlanning, 76-661, 601-607
H.Ozawa(2014). A Study on the Idea and the Actual Situation of "Networked Compact City"in Urban Planning Master Plan, Master Thesis, Graduated school of Engineering, Universityof Tokyo
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (2011). Low Carbon city Planning
Digest Version
https://www.mlit.go.jp/common/000133426.pdf Retrieved 2021.09.27
Statistics Bureau of Japan, What is a Desnsely Inhabited District ?
https://www.stat.go.jp/data/chiri/1-1.html Retrieved 2021.09.27
Gunma Prefecture, Person trip survey preliminary report, 2015
http://www.kendoseibi.pref.gunma.jp/section/toshikeikaku/gunma-pt/result-p.html
Retrieved 2021.03.21
Takasaki City, Takasaki City Urban Planning Master Plan, 2011https://www.city.takasaki.gunma.jp/docs/2014011000179/ Retrieved 2020.12.14
Takatsuki City, Takatsuki Transportation Strategy, 2016
http://www.city.takatsuki.osaka.jp/shisei/profilekeikaku/keikaku/1461835246579.htmlRetriev
ed 2021.03.21
Takatsuki City, Takatsuki Uraban Planning Master Plan, 2011https://warp.da.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/9983597/www.city.takatsuki.osaka.jp/kakuka/toshi/to
shiduk/gyomuannai/toshikeikaku/toshimasu/masterplan.html
Retrieved 2021.09.25
Himeji City, Amended Himei Transportation Strategy, 2020.
https://www.city.himeji.lg.jp/shisei/cmsfiles/contents/0000012/12343/siryo1.pdf Retrieved
2021.09.25
Himeji City, Himeji Urban Planning Master Plan, 2015
https://www.city.himeji.lg.jp/shisei/cmsfiles/contents/0000003/3542/2015616163215.pdf
Retrieved 2021.09.25
Ichihara City, Ichihara Urban Planning Master Plan, 2018https://prdurbanosichapp1.blob.core.windows.net/common-article/60237108ece4651c88c17e
ea/toshimasu.pdf Retrieved 2021.09.25
Ichihara City, Ichihara Regional Public Transportation Network Plan Digest Version, 2019https://prdurbanosichapp1.blob.core.windows.net/common-article/60237fe3ece4651c88c192c
3/gaiyouban.pdf Retrieved 2021.09.25
Toyama City, Toyama Urban Planning Masetr Plan, 2019https://www.city.toyama.toyama.jp/data/open/cnt/3/2780/1/1-1.pdf?20190530111856
Retrieved 2021.09.25

Toyama City, Toyama Public Transportation revitalization Plan, 007
https://www.city.toyama.toyama.jp/katsuryokutoshisouzoubu/kotsuseisakuka/kotsukeikakuho
koku.html
Retrieved 2021.03.21
Kurashiki City, Kurashiki Urabn Planning Master Plan, 2009https://warp.da.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/8829836/www.city.kurashiki.okayama.jp/secure/2500
2/masu4_123.pdf Retrieved 2021.09.25
Kurashiki City, Kurashiki Regional Public Transportation Network Plan, 2018https://www.city.kurashiki.okayama.jp/secure/107017/moukeikaku-zennpen20180116.pd
Retrieved 2021.09.25
Sendai City, Sendai Urabn Planning Master Plan, 2021
https://www.city.sendai.jp/toshi-kekakuchose/kurashi/machi/kaihatsu/toshikekaku/aramashi/
master2021.html Retrieved 2021.09.25
Sendai City, Actual Condition of Transportation in Sendai
https://www.city.sendai.jp/kotsu-kekaku/suishinkyogikai/documents/siryou6.pdf Retrieved
2021.09.25

5 Bibliograpy
M.Taniguchi (1999) Analysis on Relationship between Urban Characters and Car Usage
Based on Personal Trip Data, Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan, 34,967-972
Y.Kizawa, K Takami (2008) Walkable Communities and Walking Accessibility -Case Studyof the Early-developed Area in Tama New Town-, nfrastructure Planning Review, 25-2,
395-402
Cabinet Office, Opinion Poll of "Aruite-kuraseru Machizukuri", Surveyed July 2015
https://survey.gov-online.go.jp/h21/h21-aruite/index.html Retrieved 2021.09.27

Figure1

Differences between compact city index and compact plus networkindex

Figure 2 Scatter plot of each city's compact plus network degree and vehicle dependence

Table 1 Reason of selection of the target city

Table 2 Number of facility, compact plus network degree and degree of dependence on cars

A Cup of Water Can Prevent High Blood Pressure~Improve Lifestyle For Young People~
5428

Ichika Nagai

Abstract
High blood pressure is one of lifestyle-related diseases.According WHO(2013),the number ofpatients who have high blood pressure is increasing around the world. Now,there are 1 billion
patients,and from now on,more and more people will have high blood pressure.This disease
has a really high risk of dangerous complications.So,we must stop this phenomenon.
Because high blood pressure is one of life-related diseases,I decided to propose a way toprevent high blood pressure.Then,my research question is ”what is the easiest way to preventhigh blood pressure?”And,my reseach’s goal is that everyone who has a risk of high bloodpressure in the future, can live healthy.
Collecting information,I found that the causes of the disease are salty food,and shortage ofwater.The amount of water is about 500~1,000ml/day, the same as one or two cups of water.
For these reasons,I proposed that we should drink a cup of water when we have a meal.

１

Introduction
My purpose is to reduce the number of high blood pressure by caring for the danger oflifestyle-related diseases and doing a way that everyone who is at risk to have high bloodpressure can do to prevent it.
I researched in these ways.
・I got some pieces of information about mechanisms of high blood pressure
・I revealed the reason to have high blood pressure.
・Think what habits should be improved
・Think the way to prevent high blood pressure・Judge the way whether everyone who has risk of the disease can do・Think the way to spread my research

２Discussion and implications
Almost high blood pressure patients always eat solty food.By doing so,their blood’s salt

concentration becomes high.But we can reduce the salinity by drinking water because many
components, which are included in water such as calcium, magnesium,etc... help to reduce s
alt in our blood vessels.
However,we are short about 500~1,000ml of water a day, and the amount of water is thesame as one or two cups of water.So I thought if we got enough water everyday,we canreduce the risk of getting high blood pressure.

３

Conclusion
First,high blood pressure is one of daylife-related diseases. By taking salty food,smoking,for lack of exercise,the pressure of people’s vessels becomes high.According to the World
Health Organization(2013),the number of patients is increasing,and now,there are 1 billion
patients in this world.According to Japanese High Blood Pressure Society(2019),there are 43
million patients of Japan.It means that one third of population of Japan have high bloodpressure.Then,WHO said that,from now on,the number of the patients will increase.
According to Yamashita clinic(2017),high blood pressure is not so harmful,but it has
risk to get dangerous brain diseases such as subarachnoid hemorrhage,and cerebral infarction.
Unfortunately patients will die.In 2017, 9,700 people were died by the brain diseases whichwere caused by high blood pressure.We must stop this dangerous situation.
Then,I focused on “High blood pressure is one of lifestyle-related diseases”,and I decided tosuggest a way for young people to prevent it so that everyone is fine.And my research question is“what is the easiest way to prevent high blood pressure?”Now there are medicines which can relieve
the symptoms, but the side effects are so big that we can’t spend everyday life. It's too bad to spend
our life comfortably.
When I searched for the cause of high blood pressure,and the tendency of younger people's
lifestyle,I found that they continue to eat salty food.Also,they are shortage of water.In fact,we needsaround 1,500 to 2,000 ml per day,but we are not enough about 500 to 1,000 ml per day.The amount ofwater is as same as one or two cups of water.By eating salty food,our vein got a lot of mineral,so weshould take water to dilute it.So I suggest that we get enough water to dilute salt.

According to the Akita Medical Society(2009)’s paper,MCM water can give a good effect to improvehigh blood pressure.The water,MCM water,is sea water which includes a lot of minerals.The mainmaterial is Calcium,Magnesium,and Karium.In the paper, they experimented how MCM water gives agood effect to mice which have high blood pressure.By reading this paper,I found that we can preventhigh blood pressure really easy by taking minerals. Also,water is a common drink around thisworld,so water can save all people,who are at risk of getting high blood pressure.
But I found a problem. There are two types of water.One is a soft water, and the other is a hardwater. In fact,hard water has more minerals than soft water.I thought everyone should drink hardwater,but there are some people who can’t drink it.If those people drink it,they might have stomachache.Considering this things,I want to suggest a good way for these people.If we contain hard water tomeat dishes,we can make delicious meal.The water makes meat soft.By doing so, those people candrink it wih\thout stomach ache.
To sum up,to reduce the number of patients with high blood pressure’s patient, I want to suggest to
people to drink one more cup of water when we have a meal.

４

References

Pick up a paper about health ”7 basic point for healthy meal”
https://www.jogin.jp/articles/view/750
Yamashita clinic “Medical treatment for high blood pressure in Okayama city”
https://ycl.jp/internal/page-110/
WHO “The number of high blood pressure patient is rapid increasing”
http://www.seikatsusyukanbyo.com/statistics/2013/003575.php
Medical volunteer JCVN “The mechanism and factor of increasing blood press”
https://www.jcvn.jp/column/ht/%E3%80%90%E9%AB%98%E8%A1%80%E5%9C%A7%E3%81%AE%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%A0%E3%81%A8%E5%AF%BE%E7%AD%96%E3%80%
91/
Finance corporation of japan production”Many people has health oriented”
https://www.jacom.or.jp/yasai/news/2019/03/190308-37548.php
The number of life related diseases patient is increasing
http://mhlab.jp/calendar/kenkou-seikatsu/2013/08/011066.php
Japanese prevent community for life related diseases
http://www.seikatsusyukanbyo.com/statistics/disease/hypertension/

Trim labo”information media of water and health”
https://www.nihon-trim.co.jp/media/28833/

Possibility of writing utensils~To Study Efficiently and to Provide children with them~5429 Aika Yamazaki
Abstract
To begin with, I researched what kind of pen the students in famous countries use. Then I
think both ballpoint pens and mechanical pencils have merits for studying. I researched it on
three points, writing pressure, color, and variation of design. On the point of memorization,high writing pressure, and black letters have merits. While, about variation of design, there isno clear difference. The conclusion of the first theme is that. We should use mechanicalpencils when we study Humanities subjects. We should use ballpoint pens when we study
Scientific subjects.
Second, from the fact that there are countries which don't have enough writing tools forchildren to study, while there are lots of unused pens in Japan, I considered the efficient way
to deliver the pens to the developing countries. I temporarily concluded that cooperating withcompanies which want to advertise and make products with advertisements, exchanging
them for unused pens at familiar stores. Finally, donating them to World Gift.
１

Introduction
I have two research questions. Which pen should we use when we are studying, amechanical pencil or a ballpoint pen, and How can we deliver unused pens in Japan todeveloping countries easily and efficiently? I really like writing tools and want to researchmore. And I think there are lots of unused writing things in Japan. On the other hand, there
are countries whose children cannot study because of a shortage of writing tools, so I decided
to ask these questions. I researched about them on the Internet.
２

Discussion and implications
I researched what kind of pen the students in famous countries use. As far as I couldresearch, I found that students in the U.S, France , and China use ballpoint pens on a daily
basis. In addition, there is no country whose students use mechanical pencils on a daily basis
except Japan. Then I think both ballpoint pens and mechanical pencils have merits forstudying.
I researched this question in three aspects. First, the point of writing pressure, mechanicalpencils have a merit because mechanical pencils’ friction is higher than that of ballpoint pens.
High writing pressure means people use their fingers well, and it leads to activation of thefrontal lobe, which is a part of the brain that relates memorization. Second, the point of color,also, neither of them don’t have a clear merit. According to the experiment Yokohama City
University did, black is the best color for memorization of four colors, red, black, blue andgreen. Third, the point of the number of design patterns, there is no clear difference.
My second research question is: How can we deliver unused pens in Japan to developing
countries easily and efficiently?
First, there is already an activity which helps people who want to deliver something todeveloping countries. The name is World Gift. I researched it and found its merits anddemerits. Merits are that we don't need money to donate our own things, and don’t need tocarry them to designated places. One of its demerits is that it is troublesome to do theprocedure. To participate in the activity, we have to send a message to the group, wait for the
response, prepare the donation, wait for the delivery company at home and provide thethings. Also, the low name recognition is a problem.
Finally, I considered challenge’s points of my research. About the first research question,
it is a bother to change pens each time. About the second research question, it is not easy torealize the suggestion because it needs a lot of money.
３

Conclusion
We should use mechanical pencils when we study Humanities subjects because

mechanical pencils have high friction. For example, Japanese history, World history, Classics,
which requires a lot of memorization.

While, we should use ballpoint pens when we study Scientific subjects, which requires
quick writing because ballpoint pens have low friction. For example, mathematics, physics,
chemistry and so on.
My second research question hasn't been completed yet. Then, I write my temporary
suggestion. First, cooperating with companies which want to advertise, and making astationary with advertising.Second, exchanging the stationary with advertising and donations
at a familiar store. However, I must consider the concrete store where we can exchange them.
Now, I think that bookstores are ideal.Finally, providing the collected unused pens to theworld gift. By doing so, we can gather unused pens efficiently. In addition, if it becomes
commonplace to take unused pens to a store, the low name of world gift is no longer a
problem.
４

References「Why elementary school students are prohibited from using mechanical pencils」〈https://teachers-job.com/shape/〉（20200710）「French children do not use “pencils” when studying」〈https://toyokeizai.net/articles/-/178596〉（20200710）「The amount of study of American college students are amazing! Differences from Japanese university
students.」〈http://intelivia.jp/e0403098992/〉（20200820）「Impact on memory and change in forgetting rate due to different character types」〈http://ruggero.sci.yokohama-cu.ac.jp/data/Ito_Degree.pdf〉（20200928）「Writing pressure and academic ability are proportional!?」〈https://www.navi-school.com/school/wakayama/wakayamahigashi/2017/11/post-279.html〉（20200928）「What is training the frontal lobe? How to train the frontal lobe and its effects」〈https://www.toyoda-clinic.info/ﬂont/〉（20200928）「What is weak or strong writing pressure? Be careful about the writing pressure of children」〈https://homeschooling.biz/〉（20201113）「International Society Support Promotion Association World Gift」〈https://world--gift.com/kihu/bunbougu-1.html〉（20210814）「TV commercial.jp〈https://tv-cm.jp/list_kanto.html〉（20210814）「Newspaper advertising navigation〈https://www.shinbun-navi.com/〉（20210814）

The Promotion of Transplant’s Indication of Intention in Japan~To Spread Transplant Medical Care to More People~
5430 Azuki Yamada

Abstract
I came to know that there are a lot of people who are not able to receive transplant
medical care in Japan. Then, I made a suggestion for the purpose of more people receiving
this medical care. I learned that there are many reasons for the shortage of donors, andespecially researched about transplant’s indication of intention. To become donors, we needto indicate our intentions on transplant. However, as a matter of fact, only 12.7 % of peopleindicated their intentions. (2018) I think that the greatest reason for this low percentage is thatthey have no opportunities to do that, so I proposed the system that makes transplant’s
indication obligatory.

１

Introduction

I have known that the shortage of donors in Japan is a serious problem and there are many
people who are not able to receive transplant’s medical care. Some of them have no choice
but to get this care to survive. In spite of such circumstances, many have to wait long years toreceive this care on account of lack of donors. I want to make a proposal which enables us to
spread transplant by increasing the number of people who show their intentions. I guess thatin reality, more people may think that they want to donate their organs.
To reveal the issues of transplant, I researched the former system of transplant in Japan.I
need the information of figures which show the people’s opinions. So, I collectedfundamental information from the organ transplant network. Also I wanted to know about
foreign countries’ systems, so I collected such information, too. Then I compared Japan withthat information.

２

Discussion and implications
To begin with, I want to tell you my suggestion. I found that making the transplant’s

indication of intention obligatory is the most effective way to increase donors.

Next, I want to talk about the current status of transplants in Japan. According to theorgan transplant network, there are 48 donors per one million people in Spain.However there
are only 0.77 donors per one million people in Japan. This number is overwhelmingly fewer
than other countries.Though the number of donors of each organ is different, people whoneed transplant must wait one year at least, and if it is long, they must wait more than ten
years. Organ transplant network said the reason of donors in Japan are so few is because of
the strict criteria. Then though the law was amended, the number of donors in Japan is far
fewer than other countries. I considered the reasons why these circumstances don’tchange.One is people’s negative attitude towards organ donation. Second is Japanese values
on death. And the last is few people indicate their intention of transplant. It is difficult tochange people's values or thoughts, so I tried to solve the last factor.

According to the survey in 2017 by organ transplant, only 12.7% of people indicatedtheir intention. However, on the other hand, 87.4% of people answered that they want torespect their intentions if their family left their wills that they want to donate. From this data,
I guessed that if more people show their intentions on transplant, it will become easier for
more people to decide if their family should become a donor or not. Also, the survey said thatabout 42% of people answered that they want to donate their organs. This figure means if
more people show their intentions, donors will increase. In my opinion, the reason why
people do not indicate their intentions is that they have no chance to do that. In Japan,
indications of people who are over 15 years old are valid. So I want to propose the systemthat all people have to indicate their intentions when they become 15. This system gives
people have a chance to think about this organ transplant’s problems. I researched foreigncountries’ systems, too. However,because the main system is very different, it seems toimpossible to apply such advanced systems to Japan directly. Yet, I thought foreign countries
the system is very maintained. So I think Japan should improve the fundamental transplantsystem, too.

３

Conclusion
My assignment is that intention indication cannot be a sure method to increase donors. I

found recent technology enables us to make artificial human tissues. If that technology can beused, this will become a great settlement to save patients. I want to research more about it.

４

References

・Organ Transplant Networkhttps://www.jotnw.or.jp/explanation/07/06/(2020 7/20)
・Policy issues necessary to increase organ donation
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jst/50/1/50_001/_pdf (2020 10/19)
・jot Organ Transplant Networkhttps://www.jotnw.or.jp/explanation/01/04/ (2020 3/18)
・Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare Transplantation Medical Measures Promotion

Office 2013https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/05-Shingikai-10601000-Daijinkanboukouseikagakuka-Kouseikagakuka/0000
034547.pdf (2020 3/18)
・TED “How to 3D print human tissue“ 2019 (2021 6/28)
https://www.ted.com/talks?sort=relevance&q=Transplant
・2021 Digital Kidney and Liver Transplant Financial Bootcamp 2010 (2021 9/30)
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.03008.x

The opportunity of Listening to the Radio~To Increase the Listening Rate~
5431 Mio Yamane

Abstract
The number of people who listen to the radio is decreasing. That is because theadvertisement income which radio stations get is decreasing.The advertisement income is
proportional to the number of the radio listeners. Actually, some radio stations
closed in Japan and around the world because of the lack of income. I want to make it
clear whether the radios have needs or not. And I want to think about how to increase the rateof the listeners.I found the three surveys.First, the survey searched about the tendency oflistening to the radio.Second, the survey searched about the modern circumstances of radio.
Third, the survey searched about why people began listening to the radio. Through thisresearch, I think that the radios have needs. And I suggest that the radio stations should invite
some famous artists and ask them to advertise on the radio.

１

Introduction
According to the graph of advertising income which was searched by Ministry of Internal

Affairs and Communications,the advertising income of radio was 225 billion yen in
1997. However, in 2019, it was 126 billion yen. It decreased by 99 billion yen in 22 years.
The more people listen to the radio, the higher the advertising income becomes. And theadvertising income occupies the large part of the radio income. So,this situation is hard forthe radio. According to the website whose name is SankeiBiz says that some radio stations
such as RadioNeo and FM PORT closed because of the lack of income. Also, according to
the website whose name is Trends in radio broadcasting in other countries says that some of
the radio stations in foreign countries also closed.
The purpose of this research is to confirm the necessity of the radio and how to activate
the radio. I have two research questions. One of my research questions is whether the radio
has needs or not. The other is considering the future of the radio. I want to research thesequestions because I want to increase the number of the radio listeners in order to protect theradio stations from closing. I researched the necessity of the radio from the data which tells
us about theexperiment of radio.

２

Discussion and implications
According to the survey which was searched by NHK media research department, I foundthree points about the radio.NHK media research department asked 996 people who havenever listened to the radio for at least three days.
First, if people had the chance to listen to the radio ,they would listen to the radio.About
93 percent of the subjects listened to the radio more than for three days.(graph1)
Second, the more people listen to the radio,the more people enjoy listening to the radio.
The rate of people who answered that “radio is interesting” increased day by day.(graph2)
Third, young people who listen to the radio are less than the older people.
However,surprisingly, young people enjoy listening to the radio.The rate of teenagers who
answered that “I enjoyed listening to the radio “ was the highest in the whole generation.

In short, people listen to the radio if they have the chance to listen to it. Also, because of thepandemic of the coronavirus, the number of young radio listeners who are from 18 years oldto24 years old is increasing.(graph4) And most of the people use the application whose name is“radiko”. From these facts, I concluded that radio has needs for research question one.
People listen to the radio if they have the opportunity of listening to the radio. I thoughtthat if I can make the opportunity of listening to the radio and advertise the radio, thenumberof radio listeners will increase and we can protect radio stations from closing.
And I searched about the reason why people began to listen to the radio. Mainly, the reason
was that people are interested in a famous person who is in the radio program such as
comedians and artists.
３

Conclusion
I concluded that radio has needs for research question one. This is because People listen to

the radio if they have the opportunity of listening to the radio. And the number of young radio
listeners who are from 18 years old to 24 years old is increasing.
I think that there are three opportunities to listen to the radio. The first one is interest. The
second one is knowing the existence of the radio.The third one is the method of listening totheradio. We can make the first opportunity by asking famous people to appear on the radio
program because famous people have influence on citizens. But this has already been done.
The second opportunity can be made by asking famous people to advertise the radio on TV,
homepages, and so on.The third opportunity can be made by spreading the application called“radiko”. I think if the application is installed on the website as the service, anyone can listentothe radio and we can spread “radiko”. In conclusion, I suggest that famous people advertisetheradio and “radiko” is installed on the website.

graph1 (I made this graph based on the data from NHK media research department)

graph2(I made this graph based on the data from NHK media research department)

graph3 (I made this graph based on the data from NHK media research department)

graph4 (VR dugest)

４

References

・Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications,the advertising income of radio＜https://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/whitepaper/ja/h27/html/nc121240.html＞
・Significance and Challenges points of Radio＜https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000610221.pdf＞
・Trends in Radio Broadcasting in Other Countries＜https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000632536.pdf＞
・NHK media research department＜https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/research/domestic/pdf/20151201_7.pdf＞
・RADIOCENTRE<https://www.radiocentre.org/our-research/radio-the-emotional-multiplier/>・VR digest＜https://www.videor.co.jp/digestplus/media/2021/03/42027.html＞

Reduction of CO2 Emissions~Effects of Increased Use of Public Transportation~
5432 Yuna Yuhara

Abstract
As technology has advanced, our lives have become more convenient. However, usefultechnology has caused various environmental problems. Among them, global warming has
been progressing rapidly and is one of the social issues that attracts people the most. I
decided to do some research on it because it is expected to cause serious damage to people in
the near future, with temperatures rising by up to 4.8 degrees Celsius in 2100 compared to
today. The main cause of this is greenhouse gases; CO2 is a typical example. Therefore, I
have studied reducing CO2 emissions by using public transportation instead of using cars. I
compared traveling by car with using public transportation. It was found that the more weuse public transportation, the less traveling it emits CO2. However, the costs and timesometimes increased. In conclusion, I suggest using cars to get part of the way in some cases.

１ Introduction
One of the current global problems is the progress of global warming because it will makeour world worse. According to Weather News, the temperature will rise by 4.8 degrees
Celsius by 2100 and many big natural disasters will occur in the worst scenario. Also, crops
currently grown in Japan may no longer be able to grow. In order to avoid such a future, wemust start doing what we can now. Therefore, I thought that one of the best things we can doin our daily lives to reduce CO2 emissions, one of the greenhouse gases that cause global
warming, would be to increase the use of public transportation instead of using cars. The useof public transportation is recommended to prevent global warming. For example, Robert J.
Shapiro, Kevin A. Hassett, and Frank S. Arnold (2002) state that increased use of publictransportation can effectively reduce emissions of harmful substances to the air. However,like in Gunma Prefecture, where I live, public transportation is poor and cars are widespread.
Therefore, I set the research question "How much of a change in CO2 emissions andconvenience will come from using public transportation instead of cars?" and carried on the
research.
I compared the CO2 emissions, time required, and fare when we use public transportation
with those when we travel by cars. I supposed that the time required and the costs are theminimum. The conditions are that the prefectural office is the point of departure, waiting time
is as short as possible, and the arrival time is by noon on Saturday. Since Gunma Prefecture
has less public transportation than Tokyo, I decided to focus on Gunma because the research
results can be applied to a wider range of people. In addition, I decided not to include hybrid
and electric cars because they are not practical for people who use regular cars, and theeffects are obvious. When I consider the case of using public transportation, I referred to thewebsite of the destination for the route and fare, and the "Gunma Transit Concierge"
application, and used Google Maps for the distance traveled by bus and Eki Tan for the
distance traveled by train.

２ Discussion and implications
According to the Ministry of the Environment, CO2 emissions by transportation in thepassenger sector were 133 for cars, 96 for airplanes, 54 for buses, and 18 for trains(g-CO2/person km) in 2018. Thus, it was found that CO2 emissions can be significantly
reduced by using public transportation. Although public transportation emits more CO2 pervehicle, it is able to carry more people, which is the reason for those figures. It was also
found that the amount of CO2 emitted by cars in 2018 was 96.97 million tons which
accounted for about 8.5% of Japan's total, and nearly half of the transportation sector. This
leads us to believe that reducing the use of cars will have a certain effect.
Next, I examined the actual CO2 emissions, time required, and fare from the Gunma
prefectural government building to the sightseeing spots. First of all, for the trip to Kusatsu
Onsen, the time and fare required to get there by public transportation increased significantly
compared to those required by car, but the CO2 emissions were reduced by about 80%. Inaddition, if we drove to Shin-Maebashi Station and then took the train and the bus, the fareincreased even more, but the time required was the same as when we use only a car, and we
could maintain the effect of reducing CO2 emissions. Second, the time required to reachIshidan-gai in Ikaho Onsen Hot Spring by only public transportation was 1.5 times longer
than by car, but the fare was almost the same, and CO2 emissions were reduced by about
70%. In addition, if we drove to Shin-Maebashi Station and then took the train or bus, thefare increased slightly, but the time was reduced compared to the train or bus only, and theCO2 emissions were reduced by about 60% compared to using the car only. Finally, for thetrip to the Tomioka Silk Mill, both the time required and the fare increase significantly when
we use only public transportation compared to when we use only cars, but the CO2 emissions
were reduced by more than 80%. If we drove to Takasaki Station and then took the train andbus, the fare increased slightly, but the time required was less than when traveling by the train
or bus alone, and CO2 emissions were about half less than with the car alone.
On the other hand, when the CO2 emissions, time, and cost from the prefectural
government to the national stadium were examined, it was found that the CO2 emissions
could be significantly reduced by about 84%, and the time and cost were almost the same orcheaper.
From the above, it is clear that using public transportation reduces CO2 emissions and iseffective to slow the pace of global warming. However, when the destination is close, using
public transportation is inconvenient, but by using the car to get to the station on the way, it ispossible to increase the convenience. Therefore, if the destination is far away, I suggest using
public transportation, and if the destination is close, I suggest “Park & Ride”. This idea is todrive to the station and then take public transportation.This will reduce CO2 emissions andincrease convenience by allowing people to go to the station around the time of thetransportation system and sometimes we can receive discounts on parking fees,so we canreduce costs.
Also, considering the convenience, I think that the bus stops need to be more convenient.
There are a lot of old bus stops all over the country, and I think that replacing them with newones will make the use of buses more comfortable. To cover the cost, France has thefollowing system. A company that wants to advertise on a bus stop asks an advertisingagency to do so, and the agency repairs the bus stop and installs the advertisement. The newbus stop will increase the number of bus passengers, and the advertisement at the bus stop
will help advertise the product more widely. This system has started to be introduced in Japanin recent years, and I believe that spreading this system will increase the number of bus users
throughout the country.

３ Conclusion
In conclusion, when the destination is close, CO2 emissions are reduced when using
public transportation, but convenience is a problem, so I suggest park and ride. However,when the destination is far away, the reduction of CO2 emissions is very large, andconvenience is almost the same or cheaper, so I propose that you use public transportation for
all the route. Also, to increase the bus passengers, bus stops should be replaced with newer
ones.
What needs to be done in future research is to make it easier to find out which train or bus
to take so that people can easily check the details. For example, Maebashi City has
introduced Mae MaaS. It provides people route searches for railroads, buses, and sharedbicycles as an easy-to-understand information guide so that they can move around using
various types of transportation, which is a characteristic of Maebashi City. I think more
people will use public transportation if such a system is widespread, because both citizens
and non-citizens can use various modes of transportation easily.
In addition, trains are on time, and if they are late, we can know it by watching electricbulletin boards so we need not rush to see when they are coming. On the other hand, it iscommon for buses to be delayed by a few minutes, so it is difficult to know when the bus will
arrive or where it is, especially in rural areas. Therefore, my second assignment is tointroduce bus stops that can be used comfortably even in hot weather or unstable weather
conditions, and to introduce a system that displays the location of the bus at the bus stop.

４ References
R.Shapiro, K. Hassett & F. Arnold.(2002).Conserving Energy and Preserving theEnvironment: The Role of Public Transportation. Retrieved fromhttps://biblioteca.cejamericas.org/bitstream/handle/2015/1589/Conserving_Energy_Preserving_Environment_Public_Transportation.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (2021/10/28)
ウェザーニュース.(2017).地球温暖化で何が起こる︖⻄暦2100年シュミレーション.Retrieved
from https://weathernews.jp/soramagazine/201704/01/ (2021/8/10)
駅探.(n.d.). ekitan. Retrieved from https://ekitan.com/ (2021/10/2)
草津温泉観光協会.(n.d.).草津温泉ポータルサイト.Retrieved fromhttps://www.kusatsu-onsen.ne.jp/ (2021/1/13)
GOGO Labs,Inc.(n.d.). gogo.gs. Retrieved from https://gogo.gs/ (2021/1/13)
国⼟交通省.(2021).環境︓運輸部⾨における⼆酸化炭素排出量. Retrieved fromhttps://www.mlit.go.jp/sogoseisaku/environment/sosei_environment_tk_000007.html#:~:text=%EF%
BC%91%EF%BC%8E%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E9%83%A8%E9%96%80%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E4%BA%8C%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96%E7%82%AD%E7%B4%A0%E6%8E%92%E5%87%BA%E9%87%8F&text=%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%BB%8A%E5%85%A8%E4%BD%93%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E9%8
3%A8%E9%96%80,%E3%82%92%E6%8E%92%E5%87%BA%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82 (2021/11/8)
東京都環境局.(2020).交通機関の種類とCO2排出量. Retrieved fromhttps://www.kankyo.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/vehicle/management/tokyo/transportation.html (2021/11/7)

MCDecaux. Retrieved from https://www.mcdecaux.co.jp/ (2022/01/30)

The Best Sleep Style for Japanese~the Sleep Environment and the Siesta System~
5433 Wakana Yoko
Abstract
I want to suggest the best sleep style for Japanese life with this research.
Generally speaking, Japanese tend to sleep the shortest in the world and sleep debt
is viewed as an issue. Then, the purpose of my research is making our lives more comfortableby reducing sleep debt. I will explain how to arrange the environment in the bedroom andSiesta system during the daytime. Especially, I want many people to know about
siesta. It is an official nap in Japan.
The first idea is the environment in which to sleep at night. I think we should shift our
focus on light, outside temperature and stimulation. The former two are effective in thequality of sleep. In short, it affects non-rem and rem sleep rhythm. And the latter is thepossibility to study during sleep. A study showed our brains can memorize something during
sleep by sounds or smell. Unfortunately, it isn’t practical yet, but it is said people will be able
to memorize while sleeping someday.
The above things are my opinion. In these ways, I tried improving the quality of sleep.

１

Introduction
My research question is “What relevance does it have between sleep at night andperformance in the daytime?” It occurred to me because my friends and I have dozed off inthe classes at school. This often happens even if we have had enough sleep. So I thought
the quality has effects on the activity in the daytime more than the amount. According toOECD, Japan is the worst in terms of the amount of sleep time and working hours.
Furthermore, the amount is getting less and less than before. This circumstances creates the
sleep debt. Now, even young children have it. The sleep debt has effects on people's healthand performance quality.
The former studies are fulfilling. So, I was able to get enough information to form my
opinion. Then, I will explain my way of research. It’s very simple because I could not do myown experiences. I collected some information from the Internet and the thesis of some
professors. After that, I considered datas and came to a conclusion.
２

Discussion and implications
I will tell you about my research in the following sections.

Ⅰ. About work of the brain during sleeping
Ⅱ. About connections between sleep and performance
Ⅲ. The first conclusion , the best sleep habitat
Ⅳ. The second conclusion, the Japanese Siesta

Ⅰ. About work of the brain during sleep
While people sleep and their bodies have rest, their brains keep working to prepare for thefollowing day. The brain system has been said comprex for a long time, and it hasn’t beenclarified yet. According to Kazuhisa Kouda, a professor of the Keiou Gizycku University,
however, in the field of found parts, the system of cleaning memory is the most important.
In short, if we didn’t sleep enough to straighten our memory up, our memory would decline
more and more. In addition, the quality of sleep relates to it. So, sufficient sleep is essential
for me to perform the best in the daytime.

Ⅱ. About connections between sleep and performance
We have many things which we should do and want to do everyday. I think it is not easy
for us to do these things perfectly in our daily lives. However, I want to know the way to doas many tasks as possible. This needs efficiency and concentration. These factors are also
involved with sleep. Humans tend to feel sleepiness at around 2:00 p.m. However, at thattime, people have to do various activities such as working, studying, driving and so on.
Needless to say, sleepiness can easily cause some accidents. Or efficiency may decrease.

Ⅲ. The first conclusion, the best sleep habitat
There are some important things for a good quality of sleep. They are light, breakfast, andbody temperature. According to Bed Style Magazine, the vague light is the best. Under thebright light, melatonin, which is a substance of the brain related to the sleep system, is notborned from the neuron of the brain. In addition, pitch black conditions make people scaredinstinctively. So people can sleep well in the vague light. According to Otsuka Seiyaku, thesunlight and control of body temperature are necessary. The sunlight has been effective toreset the body time system. And when people start to sleep, core body temperature must be
decreased to sleep deeper. For that, before preparing to sleep, people should raise their bodytemperature by light exercise or taking a bath. Because of this, since the disparity of bodytemperature becomes large, people can easily start to sleep.

Ⅳ. The second conclusion, the Japanese siesta
Siesta is a part of Western Europe culture, a long lunchtime. During this time, West
Europeans do many things such as spending time with their families, doing hobbies, taking a
nap and so on. Then I think it is good for Japanese people to take the siesta part in daily life
to take a nap or rest. Actually, the companies and schools having the systems are very small
and the system is unfamous. However, these companies and schools were able to get great
results.
One example is Fukuoka prefecture Meizen High School. Since the school started to take a
nap in school at around 12:00 p.m., the rate of passing the college entrance exam is getting
higher and higher. Also the club activities are getting more and more cheerful. From the data,
I think the siesta system has many melits.
３

Conclusion

As mentioned above, I want to suggest these two styles. The night sleep should be mademore comfortable by caring light, breakfast and body temperature. During the limited time tosleep, we must take high quality sleep with a good environment. The daytime nap, siesta
function better for our performances. In addition, I expect that they can reduce accidents andmistakes in society. So I came to the conclusion that Japanese should have these changes.

４ References
・「記憶・学習のメカニズムを分⼦レベルで明らかに」
https://kompas.hosp.keio.ac.jp/sp/contents/medical_info/science/201404.html
・The cumulative cost of additional wakefulness: dose-response effects on neurobehavioral
functions and sleep physiology from chronic sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12683469/
・快眠に導く⽣活のススメー⼤塚製薬
https://www.otsuka.co.jp/suimin/goodsleep.html
・あなたは真っ暗派︖⾖電球派︖良い睡眠がとれるのはどっち︖ーBed Style Magazine
https://www.bedstyle.jp/media/make/10369
・東⼤合格者を突如2倍にした⾼校の取り組みーlivedoor news
https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/14133884/
・眠りのメカニズムー厚⽣労働省
https://www.e-healthnet.mhlw.go.jp/information/heart/k-01-002.html
・実験で明かす睡眠と記憶ーK. A. パラー（ノースウェスタン⼤学） D. ウディエット（仏国⽴保健医学研究機構）
https://www.nikkei-science.com/201906_036.html

The Verification about the Possibility of Bioplastics~For The Sustainable Societies~
5434 Asuka Yokohama
Abstract
I have seen marine life being injured by accidental ingestion of plastic debris on theInternet. They hurt their organs or died by choking. The sad experience led me to study thefield of plastics. While researching on the Internet, I knew the existence of “bioplastics” and I
was interested in it. It seems that bioplastics are made from biomass materials and they are
biodegradable in the environment unlike most plastics we use nowadays which are madefrom petroleum. I felt that bioplastics can contribute to the world's environment because of
their characteristics. Then I started this research to verify whether bioplastics can be a key tosustainable societies or not. In conclusion, bioplastics can not be a key to sustainable societies
yet because of some reasons. It is impossible now, however, finally I speculated that it would
be helpful in the future.

１

Introduction

The Background and the Purpose of the Research
I have seen a lot of scenes where marine life ingest plastic debris flowing in the ocean by
studying, viewing the Internet, and watching TV. I had been interested in plastics since thenand I decided to study it. The problem of plastic is one of the most serious ones in the world
so I also thought the theme is suitable for FEWC learning, which needs a global point ofview. On the Internet, I found there is a kind of plastic called bioplastics. It seems that
bioplastics have lots of benefits for the environment. I associate bioplastics with the plastic
waste problem and tried to solve it. The purpose of this research is to verify whether
bioplastics can be a key to sustainable societies or not.

My Research Question is “Can Bioplastics be a Key to Sustainable Societies?” I set such aquestion because the world is trying to realize sustainable societies. I would like to knowwhether bioplastics can contribute to them. I moved forward with my research based on the
Research Question above. Eventually I conclude my research by deciding whether I can say
yes to this research question .
Next, about methods. I did my research with three processes.
Process1: I use the Internet to research the following points.
・The influence of plastic waste to marine environment
・The merits and limitations of bioplastics
Process2: The phrase “a key to sustainable societies or not” in my research question is notclear so I will make a detailed definition and requirements.
Process3: Based on the information, I apply bioplastics to the definition and judge whether
bioplastics can be a key to sustainable societies or not.
From the result of them, I am going to conclude this research.

２

Discussion and implications

Process1
To begin with, about the influence of plastic waste in the ocean. According to General
Incorporated Association JEAN, fishes become unable to move due to fishing nets or rope
flowing the ocean. Another instance is marine life, such as whales, turtles, and sea birds.
Many species of them are ingesting a part of plastic accidentally. As a result, they hurt theirorgans or die by choking. Also, microplastic is a famous problem of plastics. More living
things are doing accidental ingestion of microplastic than that of fragments of plastic. These
are the major examples of influences by plastics. In addition, the Ministry of the Environment
said that in 2050, the weight of plastic garbage will exceed the weight of fish.
Second, about bioplastics. Bioplastics are categorized into two types: biomass plastics andbiodegradable plastics. Biomass plastics are made from biomass materials, as the namesuggests, and I knew that biodegradable plastics can be degraded in the environment.
Whether a kind of plastic has the characteristics or not depends on itself (referring to chart 1).
As they are made from biomass materials, petroleum which is the material of original plastics
will be saved and the emission of carbon dioxide will be reduced. If biodegradable plastic isdegraded, garbage returns to nature. It looks that bioplastics have lots of merits.
However, there are blind spots below.
・It will not be completely biomass materials if the plastic is called “biomass plastic.”
・ Not all the biodegradable plastic is degraded anywhere.
It can be said that we are able to call plastic biomass plastic even if it is not completely
made from biomass materials so it may also contain petroleum. Also about biodegradable
plastics, they are ordinally degraded under hot and humid environments such as composts
because it is necessary for plastics to be helped by microbes. However, in the sea or on theroad of asphalt or concrete, microbes can not work enough (referring to chart 2). Then just a
few kinds of biodegradable plastics are able to be degraded but others are not. As a result,they will remain in the environment as non degradable plastics.
Furthermore, bioplastics are not spread yet because of some reasons such as production
cost. Plastic is used about 11 million tonnes per year in Japan but the use of bioplastics isonly 40 thousand tonnes, or 0.4%, according to the Ministry of the Environment.
Process2
According to TOYO INK 1050+(2014), “Sustainable Society is ““A society which theenvironment of the earth and nature are conserved, and which the development isdone to meet the modern demand without losing things that future generationneeds.”” ” Based on this information, I defined “a key to sustainable” as below.
①The environment is conserved.
②Resources are protected for the future.
③The modern demand is met.
I applied these definitions to bioplastics in the next process.

Process3
Following the previous processes, I answered bioplastics “can not” be a key to sustainable
societies. There are about three reasons.
Firstly, about the definition of ①. I did not think that bioplastics meet this requirement.
This is because even if all the plastics are replaced with bioplastics, the plastic debris in thesea keeps floating. In addition, not all plastics are degraded in the environment, so if we do
not dispose of them properly, plastic debris will not decrease but increase, eventually.
Secondly, about ②. In my opinion, this will also not be achieved by adopting biolastics.
This is the case that producing bioplastic needs less petroleum, one of the limited resources.
However, plastics are used so widely now that most people can not live with them. Actually,
the amount of plastics that were produced in 2020 was about 367million metric tons. Even if
all the plastics were replaced with bioplastics, it will be necessary to use much petroleum in
total. That is why I did not approve the potential of definition② in bioplastics.
Finally, about ③. Being different from two ones above, I admitted that bioplastics havethe ability to meet the definition③. The reason comes from their compatibility. As the nameshows, people can produce the same products as conventional plastics from bioplastics. Whatis more, one of them which is used limestone can become like paper, which plastics are notable to become. Thus, if all the plastics are to be replaced with bioplastics, there will not be
any problems about products.
For these reasons, I considered that bioplastics have only one component of threedefinitions.

３

Conclusion
In conclusion, I anticipated that bioplastics can not be a key to sustainable societies

because bioplastics do not apply to more than half of the requirements I made. However, I
thought that they may be the key in the future if they are encouraged to use much more thannow.
Finally I give several tasks to my research. This time, about the task of my whole research,it was not good to define “a key to sustainable societies” referring to little information anddeciding subjectively a bit. On the other hand, about the content or problem, there are thetasks of how to save the cost of bioplastics and how to collect and remove marine debris
released in the sea until now.
From now on, I would like to think about algal bioplastic as my suggestion of research.
This is because I got the information that one of the bioplastics made from algae absorbs
more carbon dioxide in the process from a thesis in English.

Chartschart 1 (Japan BioPlastics Association)↓chart 2 (Mitsubishi Research Institute) ↓４

References

The date by the URL is my browsing date.
⼀般社団法⼈ JEAN(公開年不明). 環境への悪影響 | 海ごみの問題点.
http://www.jean.jp/m-litter/matter02.html 2021年8⽉23⽇
環境省(2018). 環境・循環型社会・⽣物多様性⽩書 第1節 プラスチックを取り巻く国内外の状況と国際動向.
https://www.env.go.jp/policy/hakusyo/r01/html/hj19010301.html 2021/8/23
環境省(2018). バイオプラスチック概況.
http://www.env.go.jp/council/03recycle/y0312-02/y031202-5r.pdf 2021/8/24
⽇本バイオプラスチック協会(公開年不明).
http://www.jbpaweb.net/ 2021/8/23
三菱総合研究所(2019). ⽣分解性プラスチックの課題と将来展望.
https://www.mri.co.jp/knowledge/column/20190408.html 2021/8/23
TOYO INK 1050+(2014). 持続可能な社会とは.

https://www.toyoink1050plus.com/sustainability/about/ 2021/8/24
Estimation of carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction by utilization of algal biomass bioplastic in
Malaysia using carbon emission pinch analysis (CEPA)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21655979.2020.1718471 2021/8/23
⽇本財団(2021.10.05)「Plastics Management Indexで⽇本が2位、ドイツがトップに」
2022/1/23

https://www.nippon-foundation.or.jp/who/news/pr/2021/20211005-63065.html

中嶋亮太 「海洋プラスチック汚染 『プラなし』博⼠、ごみを語る」岩波書店 2019年9⽉20⽇発⾏ 2021/9/7