The impact of the introduction of HSR
andthe measures to enhance the benefits-From the Experience of Japan-

Yosuke TAKADA
1

Today’s Topic• The suitability of AhmedabadMumbai corridor for the introductionof High Speed Railway(HSR) and its
impact• The measures to enhance theimpact of HSR from the experienceof Japan

Benefits by HSR and criteria
Travel TimeReductionHigh
Frequency

Reliability

Comfort

Mass Transit

Close relationship with…
Close relationship with…

Economic growth

Population
Population
Density(Increasing time value)

Urbanization

Criteria for HSR Candidate
Corridor Selection(Result of Study in Phase II)• GDP per capita: Over 5,000 USD• Distance: Under 1,000 km• The number of cities of over 500,000
population• Rail traffic volume: Over 2,000 passengers/day
when GDP per capita will reach 5,000 USD• Volume of other transport mode
(Aviation and Bus service)4

Amritsar
Delhi
Jaipur
Jodhpur

Chandigarh

Agra Lucknow
Patna

Ahmedabad

HowrahHaldiaMumbaiHyderabad
Pune

Bangalore
Coimbatore
ErnakuramVijayawada

Chennai

HSR
Candidate
Corridors
5As of 1960
Delhi
KanpurLucknow

Chennai
HyderabadBangalore

Pune
Mumbai
SuratAhmedabad

TokyoYokohama
Nagoya
Kyoto
Osaka
Kobe

Gross Regional Products
per capita [USD]

GRP per capita

15,00010,0005,0000

Reference: PwC

As of 2008

6TokyoYokohama

NagoyaShizuoka Hamamatsu

25.5km142km

71.5km

103km

Kyoto

134km

Mumbai
Surat

263km

Vadodara

129km

Osaka

39.1kmAhmedabad

99km

7Railway Passenger Number
Per Day
Actual number as of 1962
from Tokyo

Estimated number as of2015 from Mumbai

8000

8000

6000

6000

4000

4000

2000

2000

00
Nagoya

Osaka

Surat

AhmedabadPassenger Kilometers[million]

02034-…

2032-…

2030-…

2028-…

2026-…

2024-…

2022-…

2020-…

2018-…

2016-…

15,0002014-…

20,0002012-…

25,0002010-…

2008-…

BAU Scenario
on the Corridor
CarBusAir

Rail

10,000

5,000

9

0
2034-…

2032-…

2030-…

2028-…

2026-…

2024-…

2022-…

2020-…

10,0002018-…

15,0002016-…

20,0002014-…

25,0002012-…

2010-…

2008-…

Passenger Kilometers[Million]With HSR Scenario
on the Corridor
CarBus

Air

Rail

HSR

5,000

10

Time Saving EffectWithout HSR
With HSR

500
400
300
200

2035…

2032…

2029…

2026…

2023…

2020…

2017…

2014…

0

2011…

100
2008…

Total Journey Hours[Million]-Summation of time saving• Between 2020 to 2035,
average annual savings
will be 141 million
hours• In monetary term, it will
be Rs. 17.2 billion
every year

This is just the assumption of time saving effect.
There are many other benefits brought by HSR.
Then, what measures are effective to enhance the benefits?

11

Measures to enhance thebenefits of HSR‐from the experience of the Shinkansen ‐‐HSR Station location in large cities(Access to/from City Central Area )‐Uptake of Various needs

12Measures to enhance thebenefits of HSR‐from the experience of the Shinkansen ‐‐HSR Station location in large cities(Access to/from City Central Area )‐Uptake of Various needs

13

Importance of StationLocation• To enhance the impact of HSR introduction,
the HSR station should be located in the city
central area (especially central businessdistrict)• If it is difficult, the HSR station should beconnected to the central area by conventionalrail or urban transport (Metro, BRT, LRT etc)14

TokyoTo Sendai, Morioka, Niigata

Omiya Sta.

Direct access
via new line

30 km

CentralArea

Ueno Sta.
Tokyo Sta.

AirportTo Osaka

15

Passenger Number on
Tohoku Shinkansen
Passenger Number [,000]

90,00080,000Tokyo Sta.
Opening

70,00060,00050,000

Ueno Sta.
Opening

40,00030,00020,00010,000 Tentative
0 Opening
1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

16

Airport

Shin Osaka Sta.
4 km
Osaka Sta.
CentralAreaShin Osaka

SubwayAccess using conventional line and subway

17Seoul Direct access via conventional rail
Seoul Sta.
Direct Access Using
Conventional rail line
(18km)

Yongsan Sta.

ÆBottleneckGwangmyeong St.

New Line for HSR
18

Transforming conventionalrail as urban transit
BeforeExpress Serviceon Conventional Rail

AfterFrequency Increasingof local train
19

Transforming conventionalrail as urban transit
250The number of local train services
on conventional rail per day

2001501005001961 1970 2012

Tokyo1961 1970 2012

Shizuoka

1961 1970 2012

Nagoya20

Measures to enhance thebenefits of HSR‐ from the experience of the Shinkansen ‐‐HSR Station location in large cities(Access to/from City Central Area )‐Uptake of Various needs

21

Uptake of Various Needs• In the case of Japanese Shinkansen,– Station interval: 60‐70 km– Non stop service and stops at every station service areserved• In the result…
– People living in medium size cities can use theShinkansen service• Approximately 17% of the users are from medium size cities– Commuting by HSR
22

Shinkansen
as Commuter Train
Tokaido Shinkansen(West bound)Tohoku & Joetsu Shinkansen(North bound)

100%

100%

80%

80%

60%60%
Non commuter pass user

40%

40%
20%

2005

2002

1999

1996

0%

1993

Commuter pass user
1990

2005

2002

1999

1996

1990

1987

0%

1993

Commuter pass user

1987

20%

Non commuter pass User

23

Commuting by HSR in Rural Areas-The Case of Kyushu ShinkansenFukuoka

Osakaz Commuting by RailTokyo

Daily number of commuterpass users (persons/day)
913%
599%

Kagoshima100%
Beforeopening

Afteropening

2 yearsafteropening24Integration of HSR andConventional Railways
ECHIGOYUZAWATOKAIDO‐SANYO SHINKANSEN
EXPRESS SERVICE IN
CONVENTIONAL RAILWAY

NAGANO

FUKUI
TOKYO

NAGOYAOKAYAMA

MAIBARAKYOTOSHIZUOKA

OSAKA

25

Integration of HSR andConventional Railways

Express Service
on Conventional Rail

Tokaido Shinkansen
Maibara ‐ Tokyo : 2h 25min

Fukui ‐ Maibara: 1 h 6 min

Total Time: 3 h 30 min
26

Conventional Line

Shinkansen

Transfer on same platform

Same Platform

Conventional Line

Shinkansen
27Conclusion• India has many corridors suitable for HSR.
• Especially, the Ahmedabad‐Mumbai corridor is very
suitable for HSR and it is expected that theintroduction of HSR there will bring a lot of benefits ,according to the case study.
• It is important to implement various measures toenhance the benefit brought by the HSR, including
the efficient locating of the stations. And theexperience of the Japanese HSR (Shinkansen) seems
to be good examples .
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