ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድǵፀ 2 ‫ش‬ǵ2002 ॷ 11 ೐අਬȆै໤̥͙̹ͣͺΐͺȆͺές΃ᦅ෌ɹ˫ͦͻ̫͡‫׋‬ɭ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒⏎͞ˠ˽⏋͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲላٞᦇɴȲȿʳ̩̜͌˧ൕ‫ݛ‬ɹϟёȴʰ⏎ᘺǵ‫غ‬ǵᮓǵᩃ*Minor Crops in Globalizing Agriculture:
A Note on Edible Job’s Tears Cultivatedin Louang Phabang Province, Laos
OCHIAI Yukino*
In contemporary agriculture, farmers cultivate a changing balance of major andminor crops. The changing status of edible Job's tears, Coix lacryma-jobi subsp. ma-yuen,a relict minor crop that is becoming an important cash crop in Louang Phabang Province,
Laos, provides an interesting example of the dynamics of agricultural change.
In mainland Southeast Asia, endemic varieties of edible Job's tears have traditionallybeen cultivated on a small scale for household consumption. Recently, however, farmers
in parts of Louang Phabang Province have begun large-scale commercial farming of
introduced varieties of edible Job's tears using modern cultivation techniques. The cropis probably exported to Japan, which has become dependent on imported edible Job's
tears to supply its expanding health food market.
The case study casts some light on the differences between local and global
systems of agriculture. In small-scale cultivation of edible Job's tears, there was a tight
relationship between agriculture and everyday life, whereas in large-scale cultivation,
producers are spatially separated from consumers. The localities engaged in thisproduction are strongly influenced by the global health food market. Such changes in the
agricultural system are influencing both the distribution and diversity of minor crops andthe retention of related cultural knowledge and practices.

͉ȁ̲ȁ͛ȁͅǵആ‫ˏ˻ˏ׫‬ɹᦅ෌ˁБᝠɐʳс႒ɭȦȭɽ⏋ፀ 1 ɴ˓̦ȵȡɁʰʶʳɞʸȩ⏏˓̦ɻആ‫ˏ׫‬˻ˏɞȿɫɲȼၖय़ʦཧय़ɹঃȦ‫ݖܩ‬ɫൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶǸᰩᏒɭɌɩγᅠɹϺ‫ؤ‬ɹȲʭɗ‫ץ‬Օˁఌȭ*ᵭӻऄ߂࡝ᐵ‫غ‬቉ድ‫׭‬႒᱅, The Kagoshima University Museum24ᘺ‫ᦅ⏧غ‬෌ɹ˫ͦͻ̫͡‫׋‬ɭ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ʳ͍˻͑ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɫȡʳ⏏ɗɹȦɤʗȩɫ⏋с႒ɹዛᰖɴʭɤɩɻ⏋‫ܩ‬ჿᇕɴᭉʰʶɛ፴ܑԒɫɹʛൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶɩȦɛʱ⏋᢫ެˁᇿᇕɭɓɑ⏋ൕ‫ݛ‬Ɍɛᦅ຦ᕶ᤹ɴʭɤɩ⏋ʢɌȼɻٞᦇɹ
˱̢͖̘͊ˑɹɲȴɞȿɫգᅎɇʶɛʱɌɩȦʳ͇˓̠ͻɲʢɹʢȡʳ⏏ೣዣɫɻǸɄɹʭȩɲ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɹΥёɭɌɩ̩̜͌˧ (Coix lacryma-jobi subsp. ma-yuen) ˁɭʱȡɁǸആ‫ˏ˻ˏ׫‬ɹᦅ෌ɹΥుᯆɴɦȦɩᓒȭɩʛʳɄɭɴɐʳ⏏
ǵс႒ɹɲȴɴ͍˻͑ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɭ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɭȦȩˡ̘˳͠ͻȵɫȷȡȵɤɛɹɻ⏋ປᥒᇕ೎ᦏɹɄɭɫȡʳ⏏Ʉʶɻᕶᐌᕶ᣸ɹɛʠɹᅊ෌ᇕᦅ෌ȴʰ⏋ழᩆс႒ɹൕ‫ݛ‬ˁςкɭɌɛ‫ڧ‬෌ᇕᦅ෌ʍɭ⏋ᦅ෌ɹ෯ᦶȵ޴‫׋‬ɌɛɄɭɭᬠѥɌɩȦʳ⏏ɭȼɴȋᐶɹᯊ٨ȍȵɻɍʚɤɛ 1960 ॷБȴʰɻ⏋ࢹధɹ͍˻͑ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɹᓚ‫ܩ‬ᯆዩɴ‫װ‬ʠʳւ‫غ‬ȵ‫߂ވ‬Ɍ⏋с႒ɹዛʦ‫ڃ‬ዛɹ޽෵ਸȵжάɐʳჼᢒȵਸ਼ᦵɴᦽ᝔Ɍɛ␩ᅒμǵ1989␭⏏Ʉɹʭȩɲ༑ʶɹɲȴ⏋ᦅ຦ᕶʰȵൕ‫ݛ‬Ɍ⏋ຘ౗ɹಬʰɌɴգᅎɌɩȷɛΥᨆɹс႒ɹᩂឹਸȵሂࢪᇕɴжάɌ⏋͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɭ٧ɽʶʳʭȩɴɲɤɛ⏏ൕ‫ݛ‬ៀฐȵࢸɇȼ⏋ᐁཕᇕѝғɹжȦ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɻ⏋‫ڃ‬ዛఒᖪʦൕ‫ݛ‬ଯ᝗‫غ‬ჿ‫׋‬ɹࢪᢒɭʢɲʰɑ⏋ჼБᇕɲᦅ෌ɹങᏼʛɹɲȴɫȋ‫؜‬ʱ๿ɇʶɛȍс႒ɭɲɤɛ⏏ɇʰɴ 1990 ॷБɴɻȦʳɭ⏋ᰩᏒȡʳȦɻ‫ڃڧ‬ɭɌɩᩂឹɲеᒞˁ‫װ‬ʠʳ͍˻͑ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɹᅊᅋ⏋༑ᦲ⏋༥ᢹɹ˫ͦͻ̫͡‫׋‬ȵȦɤɗȩᰒᘿɴɲʱ⏋ᦅ෌ɹԗᑂȵγᅠᇕៀฐɫᡴᠶɇʶʳʭȩɴɲɤɛ␩Goodman and Watts 1997␭⏏ɗɹȦɤʗȩɫ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɴɦȦɩɻ⏋‫ܩع‬ɫൕ‫ݛ‬ȵఔඉɇʶ⏋գᅎȵ᦭ᐓȭɛᐄഗ⏋с႒ɭɌɩɹࡔ‫ܧ‬ȵ‫׶‬ʉʚʶʳʚɫɴᕸɤɩȦʳ⏏
ǵɌȴɌɲȵʰ⏋ȦʚɲȲ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɹൕ‫ݛ‬ʦգᅎȵᐚȿʰʶɩȦʳ‫ݖܩ‬ʢࡔ‫ܧ‬ɐʳ⏏
ʼɛɌɻ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ˁʠȽʳᦅᓚయ‫׋‬ʦᰩయ‫׋‬ɴᬠਕˁୃȷ⏋1994 ॷȴʰആ‫ˏ˻ˏ׫‬߂᭜ᨆɫჼ‫ܩ‬ᠭീˁ᝔ɤɩȷɛ⏏ɗɹ᭬⏋ʢɤɭʢᖂ٢ˁʁȴʶɛɹȵ̩̜͌˧ɫȡɤɛ⏏̩̜͌˧ɻആ‫߂ˏ˻ˏ׫‬᭜ᨆɫൕ‫׋ݛ‬ɇʶɛɭᓒȭʰʶɩȦʳ˓̦ዀዤᰖɹΥዛɫ⏋ჼ‫ܧ‬ʢൕ‫ݖܩݛ‬ȵആ‫ˏ˻ˏ׫‬ɭആˏ˻ˏɴʓʖᭉʰʶɩȦʳ⏏ᠭീˁ᝔ɤɛ͊͑Ͳ͇ͻ⏋̊˓⏋͞ˠ˽⏋̜̠̾͌‫ܩع‬ɹᦅ೴ɴɻ⏋০઴ᇕ႕ਐɹᅵɲʳ޽ధɹ̩̜͌˧‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛȵࡔ‫ܧ‬ɌɩȲʱ⏋ϺǾɻɗʶˁ္ᅣʦ঑ᅣɫࢸៀฐɴൕ‫ݛ‬Ɍ⏋ɇʚɊʚɲᰩ‫ڃ‬ɴᠭჿɌɩգᅎɌɩȦɛ␩Ochiai
2002␭⏏ɭɄʸȵ⏋1999 ॷ 11 ೐ɴ͞ˠ˽⏋͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲ (Louang Phabang) ላٞᦇˁ៮ʶɛ
᭬⏋ᕶࢃᅎൕ‫ݛ‬ɭɻࢪ၇ᇕɲ̩̜͌˧ൕ‫ܩݛ‬ɹಕ៎ɴሁᯆɌɛ␩ᘺ‫غ‬ǵ2001␭⏏ɄɄɫɻჼᩆ
‫ؚ‬Ԃˁᇿᇕɴ࣢ᬚ‫ܩ‬ɹహᯆɴঃȦᅣȵᬖȴʶ⏋̩̜͌˧ࢷԂ‫ڃ‬ዛȵ߂ៀฐɴൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶɩȦɛ⏏
ɌȴʢភᮊɲɄɭɴ⏋Ʉɹ‫ݖܩ‬ɴɻʢɭʢɭ̩̜͌˧‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛˁࢹᩄɑɦᕶࢃᅎɴൕ‫ݛ‬Ɍɩȷɛᐁᑅȵȡʱ⏋ᠭീಁɴʢɗʶȵᏳǾɭᐚȿʰʶɩȦɛ⏏ɦʚʱ⏋‫ؾ‬ɍ̩̜͌˧ɭȦȩс႒ˁɦȼʱɲȵʰʢ⏋ࢷԂ‫ڃ‬ዛɭ‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛ⏋߂ៀฐ‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ɭࢸៀฐᕶࢃᅎൕ‫ݛ‬ɭȦȩȷʼʠɩࢪ
၇ᇕɲឹᏬȵ⏋Ʉɹ‫ݖܩ‬ɹᦅ෌ɴ‫ؾ‬ಁɴ᠗ʠʰʶɛɹɫȡʳ⏏
ǵ͞ˠ˽ɫᅊᅋɇʶɛ̩̜͌˧ɹՏᗼӴɴᆄ‫ک‬ˁઢɍɲȵʰॠ‫ܕ‬Ɍ⏋ఒʠɩʚʼʱˁឿ‫܌‬Ɍɩ
25ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድǵፀ 2 ‫ش‬ʛʳɭ⏋ҫঔᰩ‫ࢭڃ‬ᬐঊɻʢɠʸ˃⏋Υᖔɹ˽ͻ̮ͻʦ˱Ͳ̢̲˛Ͳ˽˽̜ˏɴʢ⏋޽ధɹ̩̜͌˧ន‫ڃ‬ȵՏ‫܌‬ɤɩȦʳɄɭɴຩȵɦȦɛ⏏ɗɹዛᰖʢᢌ࢏ɫ⏋ҫঔᗮʦᏄᇐᎰȴʰ⏋̩̜͌˧Ԃʱན༳ᰰషʦ̩̜͌˧ଁՕᨗ‫׋غ‬Ꮊ‫ڃ‬ʚɫȡʳ⏏౗ೣɹ͇ͻ˭̜̒ɫɻ⏋̩̜͌˧ȵɴʼȴɴᔰӵˁ༟ʃɩȦʳ෵ࡎɫȡʳ⏏
ǵɄɹʭȩɴ̩̜͌˧ɴ໶ᇿɐʳɭ⏋ആ‫߂ˏ˻ˏ׫‬᭜ᨆɹᦅ೴ɫᏳǾɭᕶࢃᅎɴൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶʳё⏋͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲላٞᦇɫ‫ڃڧ‬с႒ɭɌɩ߂ៀฐɴൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶʳё⏋౗ೣɫ‫ڃڧ‬ɭɲɤɩ᢫
ެɇʶʳёɭ⏋෵ሂɹᅵɲʳс႒ɭϺɹᬠѥȵʛʰʶʳ⏏ೣዣɹᇿᇕɻ⏋Ʉɹ᧓Ȧˁଝȵȴʱɴ⏋͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɹൕ‫ݛ‬ɭգᅎɴʛʰʶʳ೎ᦏɹ޴‫׋‬ɦȦɩද២ˁ֓ȭʳɄɭɴȡʳ⏏Гάɫɻ⏋ʚɑ⏋̩̜͌˧ɹс႒ɭɌɩɹਸᣒɭആ‫߂ˏ˻ˏ׫‬᭜ᨆɫɹൕ‫౅ݛ‬໬ʦգᅎ໬ˁ᏷
ЂɌ⏋๖ɴ͞ˠ˽⏋͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲላٞᦇɫɹࢪ၇ᇕɲ 2 ዛᰖɹ̩̜͌˧ൕ‫ݛ‬ɴɦȦɩ‫ݬ‬ٚɐʳ⏏ɗɌɩ⏋౗ೣɫɹ̩̜͌˧ɹᅊᅋɭ༥ᢹˁʠȽʳ֪‫ك‬ɴɦȦɩɹʏɛȡɭ⏋ȋͦͻˡ͡ȍɭȋ˫ͦͻ̫͡ȍɹɻɊʚɴȲȴʶɛ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɴ့ဣˁȡɩ⏋‫ݖܩ‬ɹᦅ෌ɭс႒⏋‫ܩ‬‫ݖ‬ɹಬʰɌɭс႒ɴɦȦɩᠶɍʳɄɭɴɌɛȦ⏏

1ȅΧΠθΆ͉͈̠̓̈́͢ै໤̥
1.1ȁ൐ධͺΐͺ࡙͈࣮ܳ႒
ǵ̩̜͌˧ɻ⏋౗ೣɫʢໜाఫʦዷ‫ܩ‬ɴᅊȭʳ˻͖͇̀̋ (Coix lacryma-jobi var. lacryma-jobi)ˁኘӴᩃᅊዛɴ⏋ആ‫߂ˏ˻ˏ׫‬᭜ᨆɫൕ‫׋ݛ‬ɇʶɛɭ஠ࡴɇʶɩȦʳዤᰖɫȡʳ␩೴Ϋ͹؅ᅒǵ1958⏩μ࣊ǵ1966⏩Arora 1977␭⏏̩̜͌˧ɭ˻͖͇̀̋ˁ‫ي‬ʠɛ˻͖͇̀̋ࣚඨ႒ (Coix)ɻ⏋̜˗͐ͦ˱˹ɭ‫ؾ‬ɍ˓̦ዀ̜˗͐ͦ˱˹ᦹɴࣚɌɩȦʳ⏏Ɍɛȵɤɩ⏋̜˗͐ͦ˱˹ᦹɫ
ɻ̩̜͌˧ɭ̜˗͐ͦ˱˹ɭȦȩ 2 ዛᰖɹዤᰖȵആ‫ˏ˻ˏ׫‬ɭμᎦɫɗʶəʶൕ‫˽͍̝⏃׋ݛ‬̘ˑ˭ͻ̜⏆ɇʶɛɄɭɴɲʳ⏏
ǵ̩̜͌˧ʦ˻͖͇̀̋ɹᖽইˁ៎࢘Ɍɩʛʳɭ⏋̜˗͐ͦ˱˹ɭ‫ؾ‬෵⏋ʁɭɦɹ҅кΫɴᮇਸᖽইɭᮁਸᖽইȵաǾɴɦȦɩȦʳɄɭȵʼȴʳ⏏̩̜͌˧ɹᰩᅎᨆՕɻ⏋ዪഗ⏃ᮇਸࢸዥ⏆ɹɲȴɴɦʚɤɛɫ˃ʋ˃ɫȡʳȵ⏋ዪഗɻޭɹʭȩɲ০ɹຐ⏃ᐵᗌ⏆ɴʭɤɩ‫׃‬ʚʶɩȦʳ⏏Ɍɛȵɤɩ⏋̩̜͌˧ˁᰩʏʳɛʠɴɻ⏋ɄɹຐˁւʰɲȿʶɽɲʰɲȦ⏏ኘӴᩃᅊዛɹ˻͖͇̀̋ɫɻຐɹᝠᯆȵɦʳɦʳɌɩȦɩᯃ।ɴȴɛȼ⏋лȴ᧑ԍˁьʼɲȿʶɽւʶɲ
Ȧȵ⏋̩̜͌˧ɫɻᝠᯆɴᑖྋȵȡɤɩʦʼʰȴȼ⏋୭ɫେɌɛɞȿɫȴ˃ɛ˃ɴւʶʳ⏏ൕ‫׋ݛ‬ɹ᧌ዐɫμ᤹ȵ‫؜‬ʱՏɌʦɐȦਸᣒˁკ਄Ɍ⏋̩̜͌˧ȵൕ‫ݛ‬ඨ႒ɭɌɩଁጓɌɛɹɫȡʳ⏏
ǵ̩̜͌˧ɻ˓Ͳ̝‫׌‬ആᨆȴʰ⏋ആ‫⏋ˏ˻ˏ׫‬ആˏ˻ˏɴȴȿɩൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶ⏋ᰩᅎʦᨸᦶᅎɹዤ
ᰖ⏋ȡʳȦɻᚫᅎඨ႒ɭɌɩգᅎɇʶɩȷɛ⏏ɭɄʸȵൕ‫ݛ‬ȵΫ៨ɹ‫ݖܩ‬Ԓɴʓʖᭉࡴɇʶ⏋ᐁཕᇕѝғʢжȴɤɛɛʠ⏋ᦅ࡝Օᩃɹ቉ድᓔȴʰс႒ɭɌɩɹᬠਕˁ‫ك‬ȿʰʶʳɄɭɻࢹɲ
26ᘺ‫ᦅ⏧غ‬෌ɹ˫ͦͻ̫͡‫׋‬ɭ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ȴɤɛ⏏˓Ͳ̝ʦആ‫ˏ˻ˏ׫‬ɫɹգᅎɴɦȦɩɻ⏋຦౏ඨ႒࡝ʦ຦౏࡝Օᩃȴʰɹ‫ݬ‬ٚȵȡʳ
ʢɹɹ␩Watt 1904⏩ᵭᩃǵ1946⏩ቄພǵ1978⏩Arora 1977⏩Anderson 1993␭⏋ɰ˃ɲ‫ڃ‬ዛȵ⏋ɰɄɫɰɹʭȩɴൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶ⏋գᅎɇʶɩȦʳɹȴɭȦɤɛԍкᇕɲ̚ͻ̊ɻέ᣸ɌɩȦɛ⏏
ǵɄɹʭȩɲᔘಕɹʢɭ⏋ʼɛɌɻ 1994 ॷȴʰ̊˓ɫ̶ˑͻ̝ͩ͡ͻ˪ˁ᝔ȩลЦˁ਄ɛɄɭˁȷɤȴȿɴ⏋̩̜͌˧ɭɗɹᦏᑉᩃᅊዛɫȡʳ˻͖͇̀̋ࣚඨ႒ɴɦȦɩ຦౏ඨ႒࡝ɹែ
ဣȴʰᠭീˁᬖࠃɌɛ⏏̊˓⏃1994-97 ॷ⏆⏋̜̠̾͌‫׌‬ᨆ⏃1998 ॷ⏆⏋͞ˠ˽⏃1999 ॷ⏆⏋˓Ͳ̝̦˹ˏ⏃2000 ॷ⏆⏋͊͑Ͳ͇ͻ⏃2001 ॷ⏆ɭ⏋ඨ႒ɹ៎࢘ʦգᅎᓔʍɹ˓Ͳ̲͖̊ͻˁᩂɷɩȦɤɛᐄഗ⏋ᠭീմɴɻਲ਼Ȧʢʭʰɲȴɤɛ̩̜͌˧ӉˁɦȴʞɄɭɴɲɤɛ⏏ɗʶɻ⏋̩̜͌˧ȵዤᰖɭɌɩё޺ᇕɲ႕ਐˁ୫ɠ⏋ɗʶȵ̢͘ͻ˪ɲ౅໬ɫൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶ⏋޽৩ɲ֓ूᠭ
ჿɹ౅໬ɫգᅎɇʶɩȦʳɭȦȩϟࡸɫȡɤɛ⏏Гάɫɻ Ochiai
␩2002␭ɴʭʱɦɦ⏋ɗɹ̩̜͌˧ɹਸᣒ⏋ൕ‫ݛ‬໬⏋գᅎ໬ɴɦȦɩᦚʏʳ⏏
1.2ȁै໤̱͈͂̀଻ৗ͂ऩ෽༹
ǵHarlan␩1992␭ȵ୭௎ɐʳʭȩɴ⏋ዤᰖɻൕ‫׋ݛ‬ɴʭʳ᧨Шᇕ޴‫׋‬ȵʢɤɭʢᰒᘿɴȡʰʼʶɛൕ‫ݛ‬ඨ႒ɭᓒȭʰʶɩȦʳ⏏˓̦⏋̮Ͳ˱͌˧⏋ˏͩɲɰ߂ᨆՕɹዤᰖɻΥॷᅊɫ⏋ዛࡎɹᇍᗂʦՏዥɹ̊˓͊Ͳ˫ȵʓʖ‫ؾ‬ᠭɐʳਸᣒ⏃ᅊᔒɹఱΥਸ⏆ʦ⏋ଁၓɌɛዪഗȵඨ႒кȴʰɄʖʶᘺɠɲȦਸᣒ⏃ᯃᔵᎰਸ⏆ˁɗɲȭɩȦʳ⏏ɗɹɛʠ⏋ঃȦᅣΥᯆɴዛࡎˁ௢Ȧɩᔒɩ⏋‫ؚ‬ዲೝȵഀʶɽΥຩɴ՗ʱ‫؜‬ʳɲɰ⏋ᒴᘺɭɌɩ፬ჿɐʳɄɭȵൕ‫ݛ‬ɹ‫ݜ‬ೣɭɲɤɩȦʳ⏏
ǵɭɄʸȵ⏋̩̜͌˧ɴɻዤᰖɹ‫ݜ‬ೣᇕਸᣒȵȡɩɻʚʰɲȦ⏏̩̜͌˧ɻ޽ॷᅊɹਸᣒˁ๿
ɌɩȦɩ⏋ᅊᔒೝᬚȵᬏȦ⏏Ɍȴʢ⏋޽ధɹᖽইȵᬏȦಁᬚˁȴȿɩ਀ǾɴࣙᬖɌ⏋ଁၓɌɩȦȼ⏏ɗɹɛʠ⏋ʁɭɦɹ҅кΫɫΥᨆɹᖽইɻᬖᖽɌɛɽȴʱ⏋ΥᨆɫɻɐɫɴዪഗȵࡸɤɩȦʳɭȦȩ⏋ʈəʸȦɲႥ઴ȵȲɄʳ⏏ʚɛ⏋ዪഗɴɻᔵᎰਸȵȡʱ⏋ଁၓɐʳɭᕶးɴɄ
ʖʶᘺɠɩɌʚȩ⏏Ɍɛȵɤɩ⏋̩̜͌˧ɹᒴᘺˁ߂ȷɲᅣɴᔒɩ⏋֟რʭȼ‫ؚ‬ዲɐʳɄɭɴɻȴɲʱɹ‫ܐ‬ᮑȵЫȩ␩ቄᅒǵ1981⏩ᦅകອᅋଯ᝗੻‫תݬ‬Ц 2002␭⏏ആ‫߂ˏ˻ˏ׫‬᭜ᨆɫɻ⏋Ʉɹʭȩɲਸᣒˁ୫ɤɛ̩̜͌˧ȵ⏋҅кɭɌɩ፬ჿɇʶʳɭȦȩ⏋ዤᰖɭɌɩɻё޺ᇕɲ౅໬ɫൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶɩȷɛ␩Ochiai 2002␭⏏ᦅ຦ɻ̩̜͌˧ɹൕ‫ݭݛ‬ଘɴ္ᅣɹΥᨆ⏋ȡʳȦɻ঑ᅣɹΥ៓ˁ᧧ʃ⏋ɗɄɴዴˁȡȿɩዛࡎˁ௢ȷ⏋ࢹధɹ҅кˁᔒɩʳ⏏‫ؚ‬ዲɐʳಁɻ⏋‫҅ع‬кɹᖽইˁ໶ઝཉȼ៎࢘Ɍ⏋౗ధˁȴȿɩၓɌɛᖽইȴʰ᯶ᅱɴ௎ʛ‫؜‬ʳ⏏
ǵ္ᅣɴȲȿʳ̩̜͌˧҅кൕ‫ݛ‬ɹёɭɌɩ⏋̊˓⏋̍˙Ͳ͞˓ላɹ࣢‫ܩ‬຦͓ˠ (Yao) ɹ‫غݭ‬ˁ᏷ЂɌʭȩ␩ᘺ‫غ‬ǵ1996␭⏏1995 ॷ 11 ೐ɹᠭീಁ⏋ฌᲞ 830 m ɹε᭙‫ܩ‬ɴɻᬏɇ 100 m⏋३
30 m ʓɰɹ္ᅣȵᬖȴʶɩȦɛ⏏ɄɄɫɻ⏋᭜ዝˁςкɴ⏋͐ͦ˱˹⏋˗͠ᰖ⏋͇͍ᰖ⏋̠˽ࣚɹᩃᘛɲɰȵཌྷсɇʶɩȲʱ⏋ɗɹɲȴɴ̩̜͌˧ʢཌྷɍɤɩȦɛ⏏ᅣɹμɹс႒ɹеᒞˁȼʼɌȼᠭʏɩʛʳɭ⏋̩̜͌˧Г޺ɹс႒ɻ͞Ͳ̋͌ɴᅊȭɩȦɛȵ⏋̩̜͌˧ɻ 30 ൎ
27ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድǵፀ 2 ‫ش‬ʓɰȵ 2⏋3 m ᬚ᭧ɫι˃ɫȲʱ⏋ԃкɭɌɩɻ S ࡓ݀ɴᨗ՞ɇʶɩȦɛ⏃Ԡሎ 1⏆⏏ᓚсɌɩȦʳᦅ຦ɴᓬȦɩʛʳɭ⏋Јɹс႒ɹዛࡎɻɽʰ௢ȷɐʳɹɴࢪɌ⏋̩̜͌˧ɞȿɻዴˁȡȿɩዛࡎˁ‫ݏ‬ʠʳɭȦȩ⏏ɄȩɌɩᔒɩʰʶɛ̩̜͌˧ɻ⏋ᦅс෌ɹɛʠɴᅣˁ៮ʶɛᦅ຦ɹȲʦɦɴɲɤɩȦɛ⏏ʚɞ࡭ၓɌɩȦɲȦዪഗˁɦʚ˃ɫᅊɹʚʚᰩʏ⏋ʦʼʰȴɲᰩઢˁɛɹ
Ɍʞɹɫȡʳ⏏
ǵʚɛ⏋঑ᅣɫʢ̩̜͌˧ȵ҅кൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶɩȦʳɄɭȵɌɽɌɽȡʳ⏏1999 ॷ 11 ೐ɴ៮ʶɛ
͞ˠ˽⏋̓͠ˡ͌˵˓ (Bolikhamxai) ላɹ͞ˠ (Lao) Ϻɹࢃɫɻ⏋з࣎ʼȷɹ঑ᅣɫ⏋ͩ̊ʦ˛˳͇⏋ͦ̄͡⏋ᚫᅎɹ˻͖͇̀̋ɲɰɹ೑ᅎඨ႒ɭȦɤɌʬɴ⏋3 ൎɹ̩̜͌˧ȵൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶɩȦɛ⏃Ԡሎ 2⏆⏏ൕ‫ݛ‬ᓔɹߨਸɻ⏋ᖽইˁȦȼɦȴ௎ʛ‫؜‬ɤɩ⏋ᔵዤɓɑɴɗɹʚʚʪɫɩ
Ȧɛ⏃Ԡሎ 3⏆⏏ɠʬȩɰ̜˗͐ͦ˱˹ˁʚʳɅɭʪɫʳȴɹʭȩɲᠭჿɹ౅໬ɫȡʳ⏏Ʉɹࢃɹࡎɰʢɻ⏋ʪɫ̩̜͌˧ˁଝɴೠ᭖ɴএʱ⏋ዪഗˁʁɭɦɑɦւɤɩɻ‫ؤ‬ɴ᧊˃ɫȦɛ⏏
ǵɄɹёȵኍɐʭȩɴ⏋̩̜͌˧ˁᒴᘺɭɌɩɫɻɲȼ⏋҅кɭɌɩ፬ჿɐʶɽ⏋ᅊᔒɹέఱΥɇʦዪഗɹᔵᎰਸɻࡸ᭬Ϋ‫ک‬ᰍɴɲʰɲȦ⏏ࢹధɹ҅кˁȷʠᏳȴȼ៎࢘Ɍ⏋ɗʶəʶɹᖽ
ইɹၓೝˁՠుɌɩ‫ؚ‬ዲɐʳɄɭɴʭʱ⏋ʦʼʰȴȦഗࡸˁ᧧ʃՏɐɄɭʢɫȷʳɌ⏋ᔵᎰɴʭʳͦ˽ʢᬿɁʳ⏏ʚɛ⏋ቁೝᬚɹȩɠɴ՗ʱ‫؜‬ʰɲȦȴʼʱɴ⏋޽ॷᅊɹഗปʦ᱗᥹షඨ႒
ɹʭȩɴᬏೝᬚɴʼɛɤɩࢹɌɑɦգᅎɫȷʳɭȦȩᦥɹգဣʢᅊʚʶɩȦʳ⏏с႒ɹਸᣒɴ
ɛȼʛɴࢪਝɌɛଯ᝗ɴʭɤɩ⏋̩̜͌˧ɹൕ‫ݛ‬ȵᐚȿʰʶɩȷɛɹɫȡʳ⏏
1.3ȁ૙໲‫ا‬ǵɗʶɫɻ⏋̩̜͌˧ɻɰɹʭȩɴգᅎɇʶɩȦʳɹɞʸȩȴ⏏ആ‫ˏ˻ˏ׫‬ɭആˏ˻ˏɹ‫ܩع‬ɫ᝔ʼʶɩȦʳ̩̜͌˧ɹ֓ूᠭჿ໬ˁ‫ ܒ‬1 ɴኍɌɛ␩Ochiai 2002␭⏏ɄɄɫ໶ઝɌɛȦɹɻ⏋̩̜͌˧ˁᚫᅎɴɐʳɹɻ̜̠̾͌ɹΥᨆɭμ‫⏋ܕ‬ᯨ‫⏋ܕ‬౗ೣ⏋ȡʳȦɻആ‫ˏ˻ˏ׫‬ɹᘠϺᏙɹϺǾɞȿɫȡʱ⏋ആ‫ˏ˻ˏ׫‬ɫɻ̩̜͌˧ɻʢɤɿʰᰩᅎɹዤᰖɭᓒȭʰʶɩȦʳဣɫȡ

ৢ૯!1ȁઘศ̤̫ͥͅΧΠθΆ͈ऩ෽

ৢ૯!2ȁೳศ̤̫ͥͅΧΠθΆ͈ऩ෽⏃1995 ॷ 11 ೐̊˓⏋̍˙Ͳ͞˓ላ⏆⏃1999 ॷ 11 ೐͞ˠ˽⏋̓͠ˡ͌˵˓ላ⏆28ᘺ‫ᦅ⏧غ‬෌ɹ˫ͦͻ̫͡‫׋‬ɭ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒

ৢ૯!3ȁ༠̮̹͂́͠ΧΠθΆ⏃1999 ॷ 11 ೐͞ˠ˽⏋̓͠ˡ͌˵˓ላ⏆଎!1ȁȁΧΠθΆ͈‫಺ࢥح‬ၑ༹⏃Ochiai
␩2002␭ˁʢɭɴсଁ⏆ʳ⏏
ǵ̩̜͌˧ɹȲʢɲᰩʏ౅ɴɻ⏋ᔵዤ৿⏋ຐˁɻɑɌɛዤᎰˁ⏋1⏆Ꮀɹʚʚယɤɛʱ⏋ʪɫɛʱ⏋ᙜɌɛʱɌɩ⏋ᰯ⏋ȲɄʼ⏋ᘘࡎᰖɴᠭჿɐʳ౅໬⏋2⏆Ȧɤɛ˃ᎬɴʁȦɛȡɭ⏋̮Ͳ⏋ᎬᎹ⏋Ꭼᰶ⏋ᘘࡎᰖ⏋ᰰషɲɰɴᠭჿɐʳ౅໬⏋3⏆ᇍᨥɇɓɩᨙˁсʳ౅໬ɹ 3 ɦȵȡʳ⏏ɇʰɴ⏋ё޺ᇕɲգᅎ໬ɭɌɩ⏋౗ೣɫᰰʚʶɩȦʳɻɭʞȹᗮɹʭȩɴᔵዤɌɛዪഗˁ
ຐɅɭယɤɩှɍʳ౅໬ʦ⏋ɇȷɴ᏷ЂɌɛዪഗˁᔵዤɓɑᖽইɴɦȦɛʚʚʪɫɩᰩʏʳ⏋ೡၓɹዤᎰˁᅊɹʚʚᰩʏʳɭȦɤɛ౅໬ʢȡʳ⏏

2ȅρ΂ΑȄσͺϋΩΨȜϋࡇਔ༏͈ম႕
2.1ȁ಺औ͈‫ٽ‬ါǵմ፲ɫɹʏɛ̩̜͌˧ɹਸᣒ⏋ൕ‫ݛ‬໬⏋գᅎ໬ˁʈʚȭɲȵʰ⏋Ʉɹ፲ɫɻ͞ˠ˽⏋͡ˏͲ
29ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድǵፀ 2 ‫ش‬̮̫ͻͲላٞᦇɫɹ̩̜͌˧ൕ‫ݛ‬ɴɦȦɩ‫ݬ‬ٚɐʳ⏏
ǵ1999 ॷ 11 ೐ 2 ౗ȴʰ 12 ೐ 2 ౗ɴࡸేɌɛჼ‫ܩ‬ᠭീɫɻ⏋ʚɑ⏋‫׫‬ᨆɹʹˑ˛Ͳ̍͑Ͳ(Vientiane)⏋̓͠ˡ͌˵˓⏋˵ʹˎ̠˭̜̒ (Savannakhet)⏋̍͑Ͳ̮˵̒˪ (Champasak)⏋́˱Ͳ (Xe Kong)⏋˵͞ʹˎͲ (Salavan)⏋‫׌‬ᨆɹ͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲ⏋̶ˏ̮Ͳ (Houaphan)⏋˹˛Ͳ˪ͩͲ (Xiangkhoang)⏋˗̝͌˵˓ (Oudomxai) ɹ‫ع‬ላɫঃ‫ݖ‬ᇕɲ៎࢘ɭඨ႒˵Ͳ̺͡ɹ
‫ؚ‬ᮃ⏋ᓬ‫؜‬ʱᠭീˁ᝔Ȧ⏋̩̜͌˧ɹൕ‫ݛ‬Ⴅ໥ˁ߂ʚȴɴ଴வɌɛ⏏ᝠ 1 ɴኍɌɛʭȩɴ‫غ‬៟
36 ဣɹඨ႒˵Ͳ̺͡ȵᠭീ‫ݖܩ‬ɹʓʖԃ‫ݖ‬ȴʰᮃʠʰʶɩȲʱ⏋̩̜͌˧ȵ͞ˠ˽ɫঃȼൕ
‫ݛ‬ɇʶɩȦʳɄɭȵʼȴʳ⏏Ɍȴʢ⏋ɗɹൕ‫౅ݛ‬໬ɻ⏋߂ᨆՕȵ঑ᅣɹΥᨆɫᕶࢃᅎɴࢹᩄɑ
ɦ፬ჿɐʳʢɹɫȡɤɛ⏏̫̠̠ʦ˱˱͓˹⏋̊ͦ˓͐⏋᱗᥹షඨ႒⏋ᚫᅎඨ႒⏋៎ᣌᅎɹᖽ
ೠɲɰ⏋޽ዛᰖɹ೑ᅎඨ႒ɭȦɤɌʬɴ⏋঑ᅣɴඨȭʰʶɩȦʳʭȩɐȵ៎࢘ɇʶɛ⏏
ǵȦɤʗȩ⏋‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ɻʹˑ˛Ͳ̍͑Ͳላˡ˹ͻ (Kassay) ˁ‫׫‬ጩɴǸ͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲላ̠Ͳ̫̒˪ (Nam Bac) ˁᐁɩ⏋̶ˏ̮Ͳላ͌ˏͲ̯˛͌ (Muong Hiem) ʚɫɹΥय़⏃ฌᲞ 300⑯
1,200 m⏆ɫ᝔ʼʶɩȦɛ⏃‫ ܒ‬2⏆⏏ɗɹ෵ࡎɻȷʼʠɩ႕ਐᇕɫ⏋ᯆዩɹ߂ȷɲᅣΥᯆɴ̩̜͌˧ɹᒴᘺȵᅊᔒɐʳʢɹɫȡɤɛ⏏ɭȼɴ⏋ʹˑ˛Ͳ̍͑Ͳላɭ͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲላɹላ‫ޅ‬ɴеᒞɐʳ࣢ࣰ‫ܩ‬य़ɴ߂ៀฐɲᅣȵᮃμɌɩȲʱ⏋ឿཡɐᭉʱ࣢ɹహᯆȵ̩̜͌˧ɫុʼʶɩȦʳʭȩɲ‫ݭ‬ଘʢȡɤɛ⏃Ԡሎ 4⏆⏏ɲȲ⏋Ʉɹ‫ݖܩ‬ɴɻ⏋ȷʼʠɩʚʶɴɞȵǸ᭜ዝᅣɹΥ᭟ɴ̶˙Ͳ˽Ⴅɴ 1 ՞ɴ̩̜͌˧ˁᨗᒞɌɛʱ⏋঑ᅣɹΥ៓ɴధ҅кɹ̩̜͌˧ˁඨȭɛʱɌɩ̩̜͌˧ˁ҅к፬ჿɌɩȦʳࢸៀฐൕ‫ݛ‬ɹёʢ᠗ʠʰʶɛ⏃Ԡሎ 5⏆⏏ɦʚʱ⏋͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲላٞᦇɫɻ⏋ൕ‫ݛ‬ɹៀฐʦ౅໬ȵᅵɲʳ̩̜͌˧ൕ‫ݛ‬ȵι᝔Ɍɩ᝔ʼʶɩȦɛɹɫȡʳ⏏
ǵɄɹ 2 ዛᰖɹൕ‫ݛ‬ɴɦȦɩປᥒɌɲȵʰ⏋˪͌ (Khum) ϺȲʭʃ͞ˠϺᦅ຦ɴࢪɌɩ͞ˠ᠝
ᦲ៱ˁЂɌɩ˓Ͳ̲͖̊ͻɌɛǺ̩̜͌˧‫ڃ‬ዛȵѳࡔɇʶɩȦʳ‫غݭ‬ɴɻ⏋ࡸ᭬ɴɗɹዛࡎˁ
ឿɓɩʢʰȦɲȵʰ⏋০઴ᇕ႕ਐʦൕ‫ݛ‬ી᝔⏋գᅎ౅໬ɴɦȦɩᓬ‫؜‬ʱˁ᝔ɤɛ⏏ʚɛ⏋̩̜

ນ!1ȁρ΂Α‫́ࡇڎ‬ਓਬ̯̹ͦΧΠθΆ͈΍ϋίσତ(1999 ॷɹჼ‫ܩ‬ᠭീɴʭʳ)ǵǵላǵǵ‫ؿ‬˗̝͌˵˓͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲ̶ˏ̮Ͳ˹˛Ͳ˪ͩͲ
̓͠ˡ͌˵˓
˵ʹˎ̠˭̜̒
˵͞ʹˎͲ́˱Ͳ̍͑Ͳ̮˵̒˪

˵Ͳ̺͡ధ
4
12
4
2
3
5
1
2
3

ǵǵ‫غ‬ǵǵ៟3630

ᘺ‫ᦅ⏧غ‬෌ɹ˫ͦͻ̫͡‫׋‬ɭ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒

଎!2!!!ρ΂ΑȄσͺϋΩΨȜϋࡇਔ༏͈ΧΠθΆ੸ުऩ෽౷֖

ৢ૯!4ȁఱܰ࿅ͅ੸ުऩ෽̯ͦͥΧΠθΆȄ߲၂̦ࢩ̦ͥ

ৢ૯!5ȁ઀ܰ࿅ͅু‫ز‬ဥऩ෽̯ͦͥΧΠθΆȄ‫!̦ڼ‬2!Ⴅͅ໼͐

͌˧ɹ༑ᦲ෌ᓔɴʢ᠌ˁᓬȦɛ⏏
2.2ȁু‫ز‬ဥऩ෽ǵʚɑ⏋‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ȵࠃʚʳГմȴʰ⏋̩̜͌˧ˁൕ‫ݛ‬ɌɩȦɛᐁᱻˁ୫ɦᦅ຦ɹ᠌ˁ᏷Ђɐʳ⏏
31ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድǵፀ 2 ‫ش‬

H ೴˪͌Ϻɹᅖਸ͐̍ਸɹ̩̜͌˧ȋͲ̾ (nbe)ȍˁ္ᅣɹܑٞɴൕ‫ݛ‬ɌɩȦɛ⏏ॷᬚ‫ؚ‬ዲᩄɻ⏋Υశᒊ 2⏋3
҅Օዐ঎ɫ⏋ɗʶɫޭᨙ⏃ᨸᦶᨙ⏆ȋ̸˓͹Ͳ̾ (bui nbe)ȍˁсɤɛ⏏̩̜͌˧ɫɦȼɤɛ
ޭᨙɻ⏋ᎦɫɦȼɤɛʢɹɴປʏɩᅆȦ⏏

K ೴˪͌Ϻɹᅖਸ͐̍ਸɹ̩̜͌˧ȋͲ̾ȍˁ္ᅣɴ 1 ՞ɞȿൕ‫ݛ‬ɌɩȦɛ⏏௢ዛɹɭȷɻ‫ܩ‬ᯆɴዴˁȡȿ⏋ʁɭɦɹዴɴ 3 Ꮀɹዛࡎˁ௢Ȧɛ⏏‫ؚ‬ዲᩄɻɅȼʼɑȴɫȡɤɛȵ⏋ᙜɌɩᰩʏɛʱ⏋ޭᨙʦᙜᅥᨙˁсɤɛʱɌɛ⏏

N ೴˪͌Ϻɹᅖਸ̩̜͌˧ȋͲ̾ȍɴɻ⏋ዛࡎȵࢸɇȦȋͲ̾͹̢͖ (nbe nyu)ȍɭዛࡎȵ߂ȷȦȋͲ̾͹̠͌˪ͦ̒ (nbe namukrok)ȍȵȡʱ⏋ɰɠʰʢ͐̍ਸɞɤɛ⏏‫ؚ‬ዲᩄɻθଝɫɐȼȭʳʓɰࢹɲȴɤɛ⏏˱˱̠̓͊͡˪ɫ٢ЊȿɌɛᅆȦᘘࡎˁсʳʓȴ⏋ޭᨙʦᙜᅥᨙɴɐʳɄɭʢȡɤɛ⏏

S ೴͞ˠϺɹᅖਸ̩̜͌˧ȋ͇̒˪̝˕ˏ˓ˡˠ (makduai kao)ȍˁ⏋္ᅣɹܑٞʢɌȼɻ঑ᅣɫൕ‫ݛ‬Ɍ⏋ॷ
ᬚ 1⏋2 kg ዐ঎‫ؚ‬ዲɌɛ⏏Ʉʶɫᙜᅥᨙȋ͞ˠ˹͑ˠ (rao shao)ȍˁɦȼɤɛ⏏

ǵɄɹʭȩɴ͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲላٞᦇɫɻ⏋̩̜͌˧‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛˁᅎȦɩ⏋1⏆঑ᅣʦ᭜ዝᅣɹΥ៓ˁൕ‫ݛ‬ɹ‫ݭ‬ଘɭɌɩࢸៀฐɲᕶࢃᅎൕ‫ݛ‬ȵ᝔ʼʶɩȦɛɄɭ⏋2⏆‫ؚ‬ዲᩄɻʼɑȴɫȡɤɛɄɭ⏋3⏆ᕶࢃᅎɴ༥ᢹɇʶ⏋ȲɄʼʦᘘࡎɴᠭჿɐʳ⏋ᨙɹ؅షɴɐʳɲɰɹգᅎ໬ȵȡɤɛɄɭȵʼȴʳ⏏ʚɛ⏋̩̜͌˧ɹɫ˃ʋ˃ɹਸᣒɴɦȦɩᣒ‫ک‬ɐʳɭ⏋ʓɭ˃ɰɹ‫̍͐غݭ‬ਸɫȡʳɭɹ౩ተɲᦐፐȵȡʱ⏋ɗɹᰩ٢ȵ៿ѝɇʶɩȷɛɄɭȵȩȴȵȭʳ⏏
2.3ȁ੸ުऩ෽
ǵཡᨆ␩1999␭ɻ⏋1996 ॷ᯴ȴʰਸ਼ᦵɴ͞ˠ˽ɫ̩̜͌˧‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ȵঃȵɤɛʢɹɭ஠ࡴɌ
ɩȦʳ⏏‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ɻ⏋ЗᢷϺȵ୫ɠᦉ˃ɞࢷԂ‫ڃ‬ዛˁ⏋1⏆߂ᯆዩɴʼɛɤɩൕ‫ݛ‬ɐʳ⏋2⏆߂ᩄɴ‫ؚ‬ዲɐʳ⏋3⏆ჼᩆ‫ؚ‬Ԃˁᇿᇕɴ᢫ެɐʳ⏋ɭȦȩဣɫ⏋ᕶࢃᅎൕ‫ݛ‬ɭɻᣒᇕɴʢᩄᇕɴ
ʢ߂ȷȼᅵɲɤɩȦʳ⏏̩̜͌˧ᅊᅋɭ༑ᦲɴɦȦɩ⏋෌ᓔʦᦅ຦ɻ๖ɹʭȩɴ᠌ɌɩȦʳ⏏

͞ˠϺɹЗᢷ෌ᓔ
3 ॷմ⏃1996 ॷ⏆ȴʰ̩̜͌˧ɹЗᢷˁɻɍʠɛ⏏̺ͻ˪Ͳ⏃Phu Khun⏋ʹˑ˛Ͳ̍͑Ͳ32ᘺ‫ᦅ⏧غ‬෌ɹ˫ͦͻ̫͡‫׋‬ɭ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ላɭ͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲላɹላ‫ޅ‬ɴеᒞɐʳ೴⏋‫ ܒ‬2 ؒ၇⏆ٞᦇɹᦅࢃȴʰ⏋1 kg 1,000 ˥̺̒⏃ᠭീಁɹͤͻ̜ɫ⏋100 ˥̺̒ɻᏝ 1.4 ԓ⏆ɫ̩̜͌˧ˁЇԂʶ⏋̊˓⏋̠ͻͲ (Nan) ላɹ̊˓Ϻ෌ᓔɴެɤɩȦʳ⏏ॷᬚ 2,000 t ˁ଩ɤɩȦʳ⏏

H ೴˪͌Ϻɹᅖਸʹˑ˛Ͳ̍͑Ͳȴʰ៮ʶɛ෌ᓔɹћᰉɴʭʱ⏋̩̜͌˧ɹ‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ˁɻɍʠɛ⏏ࢃ౏ 6 Ϻȵᰩʏʳɛʠɹ᭜ዝˁൕ‫ݛ‬ɐʳ္ᅣ 2 ha ˁʢɭʢɭ୫ɤɩȦɛȵ⏋̩̜͌˧ൕ‫ݛ‬ɹɛʠృɛ
ɴ္ᅣ 1 ha ˁᬖȦɛ⏏ɗɄɴ෌ᓔȵ୫ɤɩȷɛ̩̜͌˧‫ڃ‬ዛɹዛࡎˁ௢Ȧɛ⏏‫ؚ‬ዲɌɛ̩̜͌˧ɻ 1 kg 800 ˥̺̒ɫ᢫ެɐʳ⏏

K ೴˪͌Ϻɹᅖਸ
4 ॷմɴ͞ˠϺɹᐁ‫ۊ‬ɐʳЦ኏ȵዛࡎˁȼʶɛɹɫ⏋ృɌȦᅣˁᅎઝɌɩ‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ˁɻɍʠɛ⏏ॷᬚ 10 kg ˁ‫ؚ‬ዲɌ⏋᢫ެɌɩȦʳ⏏

ǵჼ‫ܩ‬ᠭീɹಁೝɻ⏋̩̜͌˧ɹ‫ؚ‬ዲೝɴȡɛɤɩȦɛ⏏‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ɫɻ⏋᫐ˁᅎȦɩ‫ܩ‬ᯆɴᦏȦᨆՕɫ̩̜͌˧ɹඨ႒кˁ՗ʱ‫؜‬ʱ⏋ᅣɹΥ៓ɫʚɭʠɩᔵዤɌɩȦɛ⏃Ԡሎ 6⏆⏏ᔵዤ৿⏋ዤᎰˁᮃᘺʍ୫ɠॠʱ⏋߂݀ɹȩɠʼˁьɤɩᰟ᧧Ɍ⏃Ԡሎ 7⏆⏋঑Ӵʦ᧑ᤉɴɅɊˁঃɁɩ
ϗၥɇɓʳ⏃Ԡሎ 8⏆⏏Ʉʶˁᝬ᠋ʠɴɌ⏋̜̒͞˪ɴʭʳᮃᗼˁ৺ɦɹɫȡʳ⏃Ԡሎ 9⏆⏏ᦅ຦ɴʭɤɩՏᗼɇʶɛ̩̜͌˧ɻ⏋Ȧɤɛ˃⏋̠Ͳ̫̒˪ʦ͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲɹᮃዩ‫ݭ‬ɴᮃʠʰʶɛ৿⏋᭜ᤉ̜̒͞˪Ѥɫʹˑ˛Ͳ̍͑Ͳʍ⏋ȡʳȦɻ͍˱Ͳाɹອ᧊ˁգᅎɌɩሁஞ̊˓ʍ
᧊ɽʶɩȦʳ⏏͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲ॑Ԓ⏋͍˱Ͳाɹᖛመȷ‫ᦏݭ‬ȼɴ҄ঐˁ୫ɦᮃᗼ෌ᓔɹ᠌ˁ๖
ɴ᏷Ђɐʳ⏏

͞ˠϺᮃᗼ෌ᓔ
Гմɻ͇̋ͻ͡ʦˡ˻̨˥ɹปᇤˁՏᗼɌɩȦɛȵ⏋Ёॷȴʰ̩̜͌˧ˁ଩Ȧɻɍʠɛ⏏ᦅ຦ȴʰᮃʠɛ̩̜͌˧ˁȦɤɛ˃҄ঐɴᮃʠ⏋26 kg ɑɦᝬ᠋ʠɌ⏋ᖛɫ̊˓⏋̠ͻͲላɹ̍˙Ͳ˱ͻͲ⏃Chang Khong⏋‫ ܒ‬2 ؒ၇⏆ɴ᧊˃ɫȦʳ⏏ЁॷɹՏᗼᐵᩄɻ 500⑯600 t ɴɲʳɭϜ઎ɌɩȦʳ⏃Ԡሎ 10⏆⏏

2.4ȁ੸ުऩ෽͈༴̢ͥ࿚ఴ
ǵ޽ȼɹᦅࢃȵɗɹ‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ɴؒ֓ɌɛɄɭɴʭʱ⏋̩̜͌˧ɻɴʼȴɴɄɹ‫ݖܩ‬ɹȋ͍˻͑ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ȍɭɲɤɛ⏏ɞȵ⏋‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ɴɻɦȹɹʭȩɲ‫ک‬ᰍဣʢᅊɍɩȦʳ⏏

33ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድǵፀ 2 ‫ش‬ৢ૯!6ȁ੸ުऩ෽̤̫ͥͅΧΠθΆ͈ਓ‫ڗ‬

ৢ૯!7ȁೳ୶́ΧΠθΆͬ໓஖̳ͥ

ৢ૯!8ȁൽႹ́ΧΠθΆͬ‫ۋ‬௓̵̯ͥƦ‫ڃ‬ዛɹέ᧟‫غ‬ɭ‫ڃ‬ᣒɹжά

S ೴͞ˠϺᅖਸʢɭʢɭ೴ɴȡɤɛ‫ڃ‬ዛɹᗳΩɻ߂Ϻɹ᤹ᬏȼʰȦɫ⏋ʭȼࡸȵɦȦɛ⏏ɞȵ⏋෌ᓔȵ୫ɤɩȷɛ‫ڃ‬ዛɻᗳΩȵϺɹᔘΩʭʱɑɤɭᲞȼɲʱ⏋‫ؚ‬ዲɹɭȷଝȵ࣑ȴɲȦ⏏ࡸɹɦȷ౅ʢ
ੲȦ⏏ɄɄɹ‫ܩܤ‬ɭ‫غ‬ʼɲȦɹɫɻɲȦȴ⏏

ǵɄɹᅖਸȵ୭௎ɐʳʭȩɴǸࢷԂ‫ڃ‬ዛɹᅊᔒႥ໥ɻໆɌɩʭȦɭɻȦȭɲȦ⏏ᅣɫɻ⏋ȦʼʪʳጓɠഞʶɹႥ઴ɫඨ႒кˁఔᒞɌɩȦʳёʢ᠗ʠʰʶɛ⏏ᐄࡸႥ઴ɹੲɇȴʰ⏋‫ؚ‬ዲˁȡ34ᘺ‫ᦅ⏧غ‬෌ɹ˫ͦͻ̫͡‫׋‬ɭ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒

ৢ૯!9ȁనͅ‫̀͛ݑ‬ȄΧΠθΆͬ੄‫̳ͥك‬

ৢ૯!10ȁσͺϋΩΨȜϋঌ͈ΧΠθΆਬ‫ك‬ાȷʰʠɛʢɹɭਲ਼ʼʶʳ⏏
Ƨ‫ؚ‬ዲಁɹ‫ک‬ᰍǵ̩̜͌˧ɹ߂ᒴᘺˁঃ߂ɲᅣɫᔒɩʳ‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ɹ౅໬ɻ⏋္ᅣʦ঑ᅣɴࢹధɹ҅кˁඨȭʳᕶࢃᅎൕ‫ݛ‬ɹ౅໬ɴປʏ⏋ᮃᏝᇕɴឿȭʳ⏏ɞȵ⏋մ፲ɫ៘ʶɛʭȩɴ⏋̩̜͌˧ɹၓೝɻ
ȷʼʠɩʈəʸȦɫ⏋ᒴᘺɹ‫ؚ‬ዲ᧟ೝȵՠుɌɴȼȦ⏏ɌɛȵɤɩǸ‫ؚ‬ዲ႒ɴೡၓዪഗȵཌྷɍʳ⏋ȡʳȦɻଁၓɌɛዪഗȵӴɴᔵᎰɌɩɌʚɤɩ‫ؚ‬ዲɫȷɲȦɭȦɤɛϟ઴ȵᣱɄʱȵɠɫȡʳ⏏
ǵࡸ᭬ɴ⏋ᦅࢃɹ঑Ӵʦ͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲɹᮃዩ‫ݭ‬ɫዪഗˁᠭʏɩʛʳɭǸɫ˃ʋ˃ɹӱࡸɌɩȦɲȦʢɹȵ޽ȼཌྷɍɤɩȦɛ⏏ʚɛ⏋ᯨ‫ܕ‬ʦ౗ೣɫɻ⏋̩̜͌˧ൕ‫ݛ‬ɹลඁ‫׋‬ɴʭɤɩ๰ᅥ
ʚʱɹੲɇˁӷ೓ɐʳ֗֐ȵɇʶɩȦʳȵ⏋͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲላٞᦇɫɻɐʏɩଝс෌ɫ‫ؚ‬ዲȵ᝔ʼʶɩȦʳɛʠ⏋߂ᯆዩɫൕ‫ݛ‬Ɍɩʢ‫ؚ‬ዲ֟რɹੲɇȵ‫ک‬ᰍɭɲʳ⏏
ƨ‫ڃڧ‬с႒ɭɌɩɹѝғɭࢰഀਸǵ˗̝͌˵˓ላɹ္ᅣᦅ෌ˁᐙᐚᇕɴᠭീɌɩȦʳࣩᅒʰ␩2001␭ɻ⏋2000 ॷჼ‫̜̩͌⏋ܧ‬˧ɹ᢫ެѝൔȵߕᏝಁɹ೎жѳ៷ѝൔˁά‫܌‬ʳ‫ک‬ᰍȵᦅ຦ɭ෌ᓔɹᬚɴᅊɍɩȦʳɄɭˁ‫ݬ‬ٚɌ⏋ѝൔ޴֪ɴ৯ᯱˁ‫؝‬ȿʦɐȦ̩̜͌˧ߕᏝൕ‫ݛ‬ȵᦅࢃɹտ‫ؚ‬Ԃ྇ɭɌɩѵᰉਸˁ๕ȼɄɭ
ˁ୭௎Ɍɛ⏏̩̜͌˧‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ɹࢰഀȵ૴ਥɇʶʳ⏏
2.5ȁ຦ਅ͈൵වͥ͢ͅ‫ޣג‬ǵȲɲɍ̩̜͌˧ɭȦȩс႒ɴɦȦɩ⏋ʢɭʢɭɄɹ‫ݖܩ‬ɴȡɤɛ‫ڃ‬ዛɭ⏋ȡʰɛɴࢷԂɇʶɛ‫ڃ‬ዛȵཌྷ‫ܧ‬ɐʳɄɭɴʭʱ⏋ൕ‫౅ݛ‬໬ʦ‫ڃ‬ዛɹ᠗ᡫɴ޴‫׋‬ȵᅊɍɛ⏏Гάɴ 3 ɦɹёˁ᏷Ђɐʳ⏏
Ʀ‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛɹ߂ៀฐൕ‫ݛ‬ǵࢷԂ‫ڃ‬ዛɹ‫ڃ‬ᣒȵȡʚʱɴʭȼɲȦɹɫǸɗɹൕ‫ݛ‬ˁμ๬Ɍ⏋ȴʼʱɴ‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛˁՏᗼɐʳᦅ຦ȵȦɛ⏏
35

ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድǵፀ 2 ‫ش‬N ೴˪͌Ϻᅖਸ̊˓Ϻȵ୫ɤɩȷɛዛࡎɹᖬȵᶌȼɩ߂ȷȦ‫ڃ‬ዛɻ⏋ɫȷȵੲȼɩެʶɲȦ⏏ɞȴʰ⏋Ёɫɻ೴ɴʢɭʢɭȡɤɛ߂ȷȼɩᇐȦ‫ڃ‬ዛˁ߂ᩄɴൕ‫ݛ‬ɌɩՏᗼɐʳʭȩɴɌɩȦʳ⏏̊˓Ϻȵ୫ɤɩȷɛ‫ڃ‬ዛɻ⏋Ȧʚɫɻ⏋߂ᩄɴൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶʳ೴ɹ‫ڃ‬ዛɹμɴཌྷɍɤɩ⏋ࢹɌ๿ɤɩȦʳɞȿɴɲɤɛ⏏

ƧࢷԂ‫ڃ‬ዛɹࢸៀฐൕ‫ݛ‬ǵ˗̝͌˵˓ላɹᦅࢃɹ঑ᅣɫ⏋1 ՞ɞȿൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶɩȦʳ̩̜͌˧ȵȡɤɛ⏃Ԡሎ 11⏆⏏ɗʶəʶɹ҅кˁ៎࢘ɐʳɭ⏋ዪഗɹᖬɹᶌȦʢɹɭᇐȦʢɹȵ᠗ʠʰʶɛ⏏ȡȷʰȴɴ⏋ࢸៀฐᕶࢃᅎൕ‫ݛ‬ɹ౅িɫ፬ჿɇʶɩȦɛȵ⏋୫ɠςɴᓬȦɩʛʳɭ⏋ൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶɩȦɛɹɻࢷԂ‫ڃ‬ዛɫȡɤɛ⏏

M ೴˪͌ϺᅖਸᇐȦዛࡎɹ‫ڃ‬ዛɻЁॷ⏋ᶌȦዛࡎɹ‫ڃ‬ዛɻ౵ॷ⏋͞ˠϺɹ෌ᓔȵ୫ɤɩȷɛʢɹɫȡʳ⏏‫ؚ‬ዲɌɛʰ⏋ᕶՕɛɠɫᰩʏʳ⏏౬ɻ⏋ዛࡎȵࢸɇȼɩᶌȦ‫ڃ‬ዛȵȡɤɛȵ⏋ЁɻɲȦ⏏

ƨ‫ڃ‬ዛᡫաɹཌྷϕǵΫ៨ƦɭƧɫɻ⏋‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛɭࢷԂ‫ڃ‬ዛȵ০઴ᇕ႕ਐɴʭɤɩ‫ך‬աɇʶ⏋ᅓഀɭࢪਝɇɓɩ᠗
ᡫɇʶɩȦɛ⏏ɌȴɌ⏋‫ڃ‬ዛɹᡫաȵɻɤȷʱɌɲȼɲɤɩȦʳ˭ͻ˽ʢȡʳ⏏
ǵN ೴ɫൕ‫ݛ‬ɌɩȦʳဒᖬɭᇐᖬɹ 2 ɦɹ‫ڃ‬ዛɴɦȦɩᅖߨ 4 ‫ؿ‬ɹᦅ຦ȴʰ᠌ˁᓬȦɛ᭬⏋ᇐȦʢɹȵ‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛɞɭȦȩϺ⏋ဒᖬɹʢɹȵ‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛɞɭȦȩϺ⏋θ౅ɭʢ‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛɞɭɐʳϺȵȡʰʼʶɛ⏏࣎‫غ‬ʼɓɛ೴Ϻˁॎȷᦉ˃ɞᡴᠶɹೢ⏋θ౅ɭʢ‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛɫȡʳɭȦȩɄɭ

ৢ૯!11ȁೳศ́ऩ෽̯ͦͥু‫ز‬ક๯ဥΧΠθΆȄ຦ਅ͉൵ව̯̹͈ͦ͜
36ᘺ‫ᦅ⏧غ‬෌ɹ˫ͦͻ̫͡‫׋‬ɭ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɫԃ‫ڊ‬ȵᏢ਄Ɍ⏋Υਝɹȋៗໆȍˁʛɛȵ⏋ɄɹȦȷɇɦɻ⏋‫ڃ‬ዛɹࢷԂɴʭɤɩᦅ຦ɹ᠗ᡫ
ȵࢅ౫ɴ޴ʼʱȩʳɄɭˁኍɌɩȦʳ⏏
ǵ1996 ॷ 2 ೐ɴ̊˓⏋͡ͻ˓ (Loei) ላͩͲ˵̺ͻͲ (Wang Saphung) ɹ̩̜͌˧‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݖܩݛ‬ɫჼ‫ܩ‬ᠭീˁ᝔ɤɛɄɭȵȡʳȵ⏃‫ ܒ‬2⏆⏋ɄɄɫɻ⏋ዛࡎȵࢸɇȦ̩̜͌˧ȵ‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ᅎɹࢷԂ‫ڃ‬ዛǸ߂ȷȦ̩̜͌˧ȵᕶࢃ༥ᢹᅎɹ‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛɭɻɤȷʱ‫ך‬աɇʶɩȦɛ⏏ʚɛ⏋ࡸ᭬ɴ‫ؚ‬ᮃɌɛዛࡎ˵Ͳ̺͡ɴɦȦɩᠭʏɛɭɄʸ⏋˵˓̀ȵȡȷʰȴɴᅵɲʳ 2 ᒴɴʼȴʶ⏋ᦅ຦ɹ᠗ᡫɭɹࢪਝȵተ᠗ɫȷɛ⏏Ȧɤʗȩ⏋͞ˠ˽‫ع‬ላȴʰ‫ؚ‬ᮃɌɛዛࡎ˵Ͳ̺͡ɹ˵˓̀ˁ៟
ཀྵɌɛᐄഗɫɻ⏋ᕶࢃᅎɴൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶʳ‫ڃ‬ዛ⏋‫ڧ‬෌ᅎɴൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶʳ‫ڃ‬ዛɭʢɴ⏋˵˓̀ɹ߂ȷɲ
ʢɹȴʰࢸɇɲʢɹʚɫɽʰɦȷȵȡɤɛ⏏ʢɭʢɭ͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲላٞᦇɫɻɇʚɊʚɲ০
઴ᇕ႕ਐˁʢɤɛ‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛȵൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶɩȷɛȩȭɴ⏋෌ᓔȵᅓഀɹᅵɲʳភధɹ‫ڃ‬ዛˁࢷԂɌɛɛʠ⏋ᐄഗᇕɴ‫ڃ‬ዛ෯ଁȵភᮊɴɲɤɩɌʚɤɛɭᓒȭʰʶʳ⏏

ǵɄɄʚɫʛɩȷɛʭȩɴ⏋͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲላٞᦇɫɻɍʚɤɛ̩̜͌˧‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ɻ⏋Ʉɹ‫ܩ‬‫ݖ‬ɹᦅ೴ᐁཕɴʢ⏋ᦅᓚయ‫׋‬ɴʢ৔Ȧ৯ᯱˁήȭɛ⏏ᐁཕᯆɫɻ⏋‫ڃڧ‬с႒ɭɌɩɹ̩̜͌˧
ɹӴ᝔ȷȵ‫׶‬ʉʚʶʳ⏏ᅋ‫ܩ‬ɭɌɩ⏋Ʉɹʚʚ‫ڃ‬ᣒɹʭȦ̩̜͌˧ɹᅊᅋˁᐚȿɩȦȿʳɹɞʸȩȴ⏏Ё৿ʢ࡫ࡴᇕɲᮛឹɻឿᦉʠʳɹɞʸȩȴ⏏ʚɛ⏋ᦅᓚయ‫׋‬ɹᯆɫɻ⏋ɗʶʚɫ‫ݖܩ‬ɴɲȴɤɛ‫ڃ‬ዛȵ߂ៀฐൕ‫ݛ‬ɭȦȩᅵᣒɲൕ‫౅ݛ‬໬ˁɭʢɲɤɩࢷԂɇʶɛᐄഗ⏋‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛȵȲȷȴȭʰʶɛʱ⏋‫ڃ‬ዛɹ᠗ᡫʦգᅎ౅໬ȵ޴‫׋‬ɌɛʱɐʳɄɭɴɦɲȵɤɛ⏏ࢷԂɇʶɛ‫ڧ‬‫ڃ‬с႒ȵ‫ؾ‬ɍዛɫȡɤɛȴʰɄɗᅊɍɛ‫ک‬ᰍɻភᮊɫȡʳ⏏
ǵɗɹȦɤʗȩɫ⏋͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲላٞᦇɹᦅ຦ȵ⏋‫ڃڧ‬с႒ɴɦȦɩɹ੻‫ݬ‬ȵ਄ɴȼȼ⏋ᅊᅋ႒ɹՏᗼɴ‫ܐ‬ᮑȵɭʢɲȩɲɰ⏋‫ڧ‬෌ᇕᦅ෌ˁ᝔ȩȩȭɫέգɲ‫ܩ‬ჿᇕ೼ИɴᒞȴʶɩȦʳɄɭˁᓒૅɌɲȿʶɽɲʰɲȦ⏏ᦅ຦ȵᕶʰ᧧ʉɹɫɻɲȼ⏋޺ᨆȴʰɹӈȷȴȿɴਝɍɩ‫ڧ‬‫ڃ‬с႒ˁໆʠɊʳˁ਄ɲȦϟ੻ȵȡʳɹɫȡʳ⏏ɭɐʶɽ⏋޺ȴʰɹӈȷȴȿ⏋ɦʚʱ⏋̩̜͌˧ɴࢪɐʳᮛឹɴɦȦɩද២ɐʳਖឹȵȡʳ⏏๖፲ɫɻ⏋೎ᦏ̩̜͌˧ˁ߂ᩄɴᥥԂɌɩȦʳ౗ೣɫɹ֪‫ك‬ɴɦȦɩᓒȭɩʛɛȦ⏏

3ȅ඾ུ͈́൲࢜
3.1ȁऩ෽͂၌ဥ͈ࠐ֌
ǵᬼೣ␩1988␭ɻ⏋౗ೣɫ‫إ‬ȼȴʰൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶɩȷɛᮊዤɭɌɩ⏋ˏͩ⏋˥̲⏋˹˱˪̲˛⏋̯˛⏋̩̜͌˧⏋͐ͦ˱˹ɹ 6 ዛᰖɹዤᰖˁȡɁɛ⏏ɌȴɌ⏋Ʉɹ 6 ዛᰖɹɲȴɫ̩̜͌˧ɻ⏋္ᅣᦅᓚɲɰɹᦅᓚкᏙɴɻࡴመɌɩȦɲȦປᥒᇕృɌȦዤᰖɫȡʱ⏋Ȳʢɴᚫᅎඨ႒ɭɌɩ
գᅎɇʶʳဣɫЈɹᮊዤɭ‫ך‬աɫȷʳ⏏̩̜͌˧ɹ౗ೣɫɹൕ‫⏋ݛ‬գᅎɹ๴‫ر‬ɴɦȦɩʚɭʠɛ‫إ‬ा␩1963␭ɴʭʶɽ⏋˻͖͇̀̋ɹᚫᅎգᅎɹ៨ᦚɻߐᖪಁБȴʰࡔ‫ܧ‬ɐʳʢɹɹ⏋̩̜
37ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድǵፀ 2 ‫ش‬͌˧ɴᬠɌɩɻ⏋Ȧɦ᯴ȴʰ౗ೣɫɹൕ‫ݛ‬ȵࠃʚɤɛɹȴɻɻɤȷʱɌɲȦ⏏ɞȵ⏋ᦅೆʦೣᗳೆɹ៨ᥔȴʰ⏋ᧆȼɭʢຽକಁБɴɻൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶɩȦɛɭՠుɫȷʳ⏏ຽକಁБГᭇɹ̩̜͌
˧ൕ‫ݖܩݛ‬ɹঃȵʱʦൕ‫ݛ‬ᩄɴᬠɐʳԍкᇕɲᣂషɻ਄ʰʶɩȦɲȦȵ⏋ቄᅒ␩1981␭ɻ⏋̩̜͌˧ȵȲʢɴᚫᅎɴњɇʶɩȦɛɛʠ⏋߂ៀฐɲൕ‫ݛ‬ɻɇʶɲȴɤɛʢɹɭ஠ࡴɌɩȦʳ⏏
ǵɭɄʸȵປᥒᇕ೎ᦏɴɲɤɩ⏋̩̜͌˧ˁዩෑᇕɴ៿ѝɐʳ֪ȷȵ৔ʚɤɛ. 1970 ॷɄʸʚɫɻྵ౅ᚫɭɌɩɹգᅎȵςкɞɤɛȵ⏋ɗɹ৿ҫঔᰩ‫ڃ‬ʦΥᖔᰩ‫ڃ‬ɭɌɩɹᮛឹȵ߂३ɴЭʃɛ␩ቄᅒǵ1981␭⏏ჼ‫ܧ‬ɫɻ⏋ɻɭʞȹᗮ⏋ᏄᇐᎰ⏋Ꭼೢ⏋ʛɗ⏋Ɍʬȩʪ⏋ᘘࡎᰖ⏋ན༳ᰰష⏋ᨙᰖɲɰዛǾɹ֓ूᰩ‫⏋ڃ‬ȡʳȦɻ‫׋‬Ꮊອ⏋ༀᰑషɲɰɹ‫׋‬Ꮊ‫ڃ‬ɹ؅షɭɌɩ३ঃ
ȼᅎȦʰʶɩȦʳ⏏Ʉɹʭȩɴ⏋̩̜͌˧ɴࢪɐʳᮛឹȵਸ਼‫ވ‬ɌɩȦʳᔘಕɴɻ⏋ҫঔᰩ‫ڃ‬ʦลᔨਸᰩ‫͌ͻ̸ڃ‬ɴ٧ਝɌɛᮊዤᰩឿሁɌɹล᧊␩͞˓̶˹ͻ̝̦̜̒ͩͻ˪ǵ1999␭ʦ⏋Шᐏ‫כ‬ᆹʦБ್‫כ‬ᆹ̸ͻ͌ɴᅓഀɐʳ⏋γᅠᇕɲᚫᅎඨ႒ʦ̩ͻ̸ɴࢪɐʳᮛឹɹᲞʚʱ␩൓ೣ
1999␭ȵȡʳɭʛʰʶʳ⏏
3.2ȁ࣭ඤ୆ॲ͂࿶ව
ǵɗʶɫɻ̩̜͌˧ɻɰɹዐ঎‫ܕ‬Ԓɫᅊᅋɇʶ⏋ʚɛ༠޺ȴʰᥥԂɇʶɩȦʳɹɞʸȩȴ⏏
ቄᅒ␩1981␭ɻ⏋؄ᅊህᅊᚫ࣌ɹᐏ៟ˁʢɭɴ⏋1970 ॷБɹ̩̜͌˧ɹ‫ܕ‬Ԓᅊᅋᩄˁ⏋4.4 t⏃1970 ॷ⏆⏋29.4 t⏃1975 ॷ⏆⏋120 t⏃1979 ॷ⏆ɭ‫ݬ‬ٚɌɛ⏏Ʉɹʭȩɲᅊᅋᩄ‫֓ވ‬ɹᔘಕɴɻ⏋႕᠗с႒ɭɌɩ̩̜͌˧ˁ‫؜‬ʱΫɁʳላȵ‫ވ‬ȭɛɄɭȵᓒȭʰʶʳȵ⏋ɗʶɫʢ‫ܕ‬Ԓᮛឹɴɻ
‫ؖ‬ɽɲȴɤɛ⏏Ʉɹᬚ⏋̩̜͌˧ɻ⏋μ‫⏋ܕ‬ᯨ‫˓̊⏋ܕ‬ɲɰȴʰ⏋350 t⏃1970 ॷ⏆⏋350 t⏃1975
ॷ⏆⏋1,000 t⏃1979 ॷ⏆ɗʶəʶᥥԂɇʶɩȦʳ⏏
ǵ‫ ܒ‬3 ɻ౗ೣ႕๾ᦅᅋ႒‫ת‬Ц␩1999␭ɴʭʳᐏ៟ˁʢɭɴ⏋1981 ॷȴʰ 1996 ॷʚɫɹ 16 ॷᬚɹ̩̜͌˧‫ܕ‬ԒᅊᅋᩄɭᥥԂᩄˁኍɌɛʢɹɫȡʳ⏏Ʉʶɴʭʳɭ⏋̩̜͌˧ᥥԂᩄɻԃкɴ‫֓ވ‬Ӄ‫ك‬ɴȡʱ⏋1996 ॷɴɻ 11,500 t ɴʚɫ᧒ɌɩȦʳ⏏Ʉɹ 16 ॷᬚɫ‫ܕ‬Ԓᅊᅋᩄȵʢɤɭʢ޽ȴɤɛ 1988 ॷয়ಁɻ 790 t ɞɤɛȵ⏋ɗɹ৿ᅊᅋᩄɻཝࢹɹΥ᦭ˁɛɰʱ⏋ʚɛᥥԂᩄʢ‫֓ވ‬ɌɛɄɭȴʰ⏋ॷᬚ༥ᢹᩄɴ‫װ‬ʠʳ‫ܕ‬ᅋ̩̜͌˧ɹւ‫غ‬ɻʼɑȴɲʢɹɴɲɤɩȦɤɛ⏏
ǵ̩̜͌˧ɹȲʢɲᥥԂሂଝ‫ܕ‬ɻ⏋μ‫ܕ‬Ȳʭʃ̊˓⏋ᯨ‫ܕ‬ɫȡʳ␩ቄᅒǵ1981␭⏏Ʉɹȩɠ⏋μ‫ܕ‬ɫɻॷᬚ 1 Ψ t ГΫɹ̩̜͌˧ȵᅊᅋɇʶɩȲʱ⏋᧩࢞⏋༔ຽ⏋ຽᛄ⏋࡫ਔ⏋ໜ‫ྲྀ⏋׫‬‫܋⏋׫‬ा⏋ᢵि⏋ᮖ‫׫‬ɹ‫ع‬ህȵɗɹᅋ‫ܩ‬ɭɲɤɩȦʳ␩μ‫ܕ‬ᚫջԇ‫ص‬ǵ1996␭⏏Ȧɤʗȩ⏋̊˓ɴɦȦɩɻ⏋1960 ॷБɴ˵̸͞͠ͻ (Saraburi) ላɫ̩̜͌˧ɹ‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ȵɻɍʚʱ⏋ɗɹ
৿ 1970 ॷБɴɻ͡ͻ˓ላɴᅋ‫ܩ‬ȵው֪Ɍɛ␩Vacharotayan et al. 1982␭⏏1996 ॷ 2 ೐ɴ͡ͻ˓ላͩͲ˵̺ͻͲɫ⏋̩̜͌˧ɹᮃᗼɭᠭ఩ˁ᝔ȩ෌ᓔɴᓬȦɛɭɄʸ⏋̩̜͌˧ɻ̊˓‫ܕ‬Ԓɹ̲ͻ͡នᦶЦ኏ʞȿɴՏᗼɐʳʓȴ⏋‫ཱྀد‬ɭ౗ೣɴʢᥥՏɌɩȦʳɭȦȩɄɭɫȡɤɛ⏏

38ᘺ‫ᦅ⏧غ‬෌ɹ˫ͦͻ̫͡‫׋‬ɭ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒⏃౗ೣ႕๾ᦅᅋ႒‫ת‬Ц␩1999␭ˁʢɭɴсଁ⏆
଎!3ȁΧΠθΆ͈࣭ඤ୆ॲၾ͂࿶වၾ͈ଔ֊

ǵӴɴɹʏɛ͞ˠ˽⏋͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲላٞᦇɫᅊᅋɇʶɛ̩̜͌˧ȵሁஞ౗ೣɴᥥԂɇʶɩȦʳȴɰȩȴɴɦȦɩ⏋ɗɹ᢫ެ͡ͻ̜ɹተ᠗ȵ๿ਥɲȵʰɫȷɩȦɲȦȵ⏋͞ˠ˽ᅋ̩̜
͌˧ȵ⏋̊˓ˁᐁᅓɌɩ౗ೣɴʢᥥՏɇʶɩȦʳ‫خ‬ᔨਸɻᲞȦɭ஠ཀྵɇʶʳ⏏Vacharotayan ʰ␩1982␭ɻ⏋̊˓‫ܕ‬Ԓɹ̩̜͌˧ᅋ‫ܩ‬ው֪ɹឹ‫܍‬ɭɌɩ⏋̩̜͌˧ɹ‫ߥؚܩܤ‬ਸȵᲞȼ⏋᧌঎ɹᦹсȵέсˁ୛Ȧɛɛʠ⏋ൕ‫ݖܩݛ‬ˁ޴ȭɊʳˁȭɲȴɤɛɄɭˁ୭௎ɌɩȦʳ⏏͞ˠ˽ɴȲȿʳ̩̜͌˧ᅋ‫ܩ‬ɹ০ଁɻ⏋Ɍɛȵɤɩ⏋˵̸͞͠ͻȴʰ͡ͻ˓ˁᐁɩ⏋ൕ‫ܩݛ‬ȵɇʰɴ‫׌‬ʍɭው֪ɌɩȦȼΥᦹɹ֪ȷɹɲȴɴеᒞɧȿʰʶʳɹɫɻɲȦɞʸȩȴ⏏
3.3ȁऩ෽໘‫͈͒ڰ‬দ͙ǵ༥ᢹᓔɴʭʳᮛឹɹᲞʚʱˁ‫؝‬ȿ⏋౗ೣɹᦅ෌ᬠѥᓔʢ̩̜͌˧ɴᬠਕˁࢊɓɩȦʳ⏏ɗɹʁɭɦȵ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɹȋᣂ྇с႒ȍ‫׋‬ɹ֪ȷɫȡʳ⏏Ʉʶɻ⏋Ȧɤɛ˃͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɭɲɤɛс႒ɴృɛɲЊ֓ѝғˁ᠗ʠ⏋ลᔨਸᰩ‫ڃ‬ʦҫঔᰩ‫ڃ‬ɭɌɩዩෑᇕɴԗգᅎɌʭȩɭɐʳʢɹɫ⏋ɗɹࢰഀɴೝ৺ˁɄʠɩȋ̘ͅͲ˹͑͡˪̺ͦ̒ȍɭʢ٧ɽʶʳ⏏̩̜͌˧ʢ
ᣂ྇с႒ɹʁɭɦɴధȭʰʶ⏋μ࣢ᬚ‫ܩ‬ʦ࢑Գ‫ܩ‬ɫɹ႕ᅋ‫⏋ڃ‬ȡʳȦɻອᅒ᥊сс႒ɭɌɩǸ‫ܕ‬Ԓɫɹൕ‫ݛ‬਋༎ȵ‫ܒ‬ʰʶɩȦʳǺǵആ‫ᦅ׌‬෌቉ድ́Ͳ̊ͻɻ⏋‫ؚ‬ᩄ‫֓ވ‬ʦลඁ‫׋‬ൕ‫ݛ‬ʍɹࢪਝˁʠɊɌɩ⏋ȋɻɭɍʸȩȍ⏋ȋɻɭʞɐʠȍ⏋ȋɻɭʁȴʱȍɲɰɹఒᖪ‫ڃ‬ዛˁᔒଁɌɛ␩ആ‫ᦅ׌‬෌቉ድ́Ͳ̊ͻǵ2002␭⏏ʚɛ⏋‫ܩع‬ɹ᠅ᱻ቉ድลᬠʦ຦ᬚɹᅊᅋ܎кɴʭʱ⏋ൕ‫ݛ‬ଯ᝗ɹఒᖪʦృ‫ڃڧ‬ɹᬖᇍȵɐɐʠʰʶ⏋39ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድǵፀ 2 ‫ش‬ᮾග⏋኿ᅒ⏋ࡾ‫⏋ݐ‬൅ೠ⏋ቄा⏋ࣩ࣢⏋ঃऄ⏋߂Օɹ‫ع‬ላɴ̩̜͌˧ᅊᅋ‫ܩ‬ȵ০ଁɇʶɛ⏏ɞȵ⏋Ӵɴɹʏɛʭȩɴ⏋ɗɹᅊᅋᩄɻ‫ܕ‬ԒᮛឹˁྃɛɐɴɻᕸɤɩȦɲȦ⏏ȋൕ‫ݛ‬ɹࣞ๴ȵ౩ተɫᲞ‫ڃ‬ᣒɲ‫ܕ‬ᅋ̩̜͌˧ȍˁິʠʳ༥ᢹᓔɻ޽Ȧʢɹɹ⏋1994 ॷʚɫɹᕶᐌრɻ 10 ⎾ГάɫดɽȦˁᐚȿɩȦʳ␩ᦅകອᅋଯ᝗੻‫תݬ‬Цǵ2002␭⏏

4ȅυȜ΃σ͂ΈυȜΨσ͈͉̰́͘
ǵɄʶʚɫ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɹࡔ‫ܧ‬ɻ⏋ȷʼʠɩ༥ෑᇕɴɭʰȭʰʶɩȷɛʭȩɴਲ਼ȩ⏏͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɹ᧨ࡔᇕൕ‫ݛ‬ɭȦȩɄɭɽɴᝠɇʶʳʭȩɴ⏋ᦅ೴ɫࡸ᭬ɴൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶɩȦɛɭɌɩʢ⏋ɗʶɻұး๿ɤɩȦɛɴɐȹɲȦ⏋ɛʚɛʚ႒߫ȷɲϺȵൕ‫ݛ‬ɌɩȦɛɞȿɞɭȦȩ౅‫ك‬ɴៗᨾɇʶɛ⏏Ɍȴʢ⏋ɗɹࢰഀɴɦȦɩ⏋ᐁཕᇕѝғȵжȼ⏋ᅊ༎ɹɲȴɫɻជ֖ᇕɲ৲
ւɌȴ୫ɛɲȦɹɞȴʰ⏋ʦȵɩɻ༥ྙɐʳɞʸȩɭϜ઎ɇʶɩȷɛ⏏ʼɛɌᕶ᤹⏋͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ȵɲȼɲʳմɴࢹɲȼɭʢ៨᪼ɴɭɰʠ⏋᧨Шᣂ྇ɭɌɩѳࡔɌɩȲȼਖឹȵȡʳɞʸȩɭᓒȭɩȦɛɌ⏋ᠭീˁࠃʠɛয়՟ɻɗȩȦɤɛጓ‫ݭ‬ȴʰɹࢪਝɴᏺࠃɌɩȦɛɄɭɻ‫و‬ʠɲȦ⏏
ǵɭɄʸȵ⏋ೣዣɫʛɩȷɛʭȩɴ⏋̩̜͌˧ɭȦȩ 1 ዛᰖɹ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ˁࢪᢒɴɌɲ
ȵʰʢ⏋с႒ɭϺɹᬠѥɴɻȦȼɦȴɹᅵɲɤɛ෵ሂȵ᠗ʠʰʶɛ⏏ᰩʏʳՕɞȿൕ‫ݛ‬ɌɩȦʳϺʢȦʶɽ⏋߂ៀฐɴൕ‫ݛ‬Ɍɩჼᩆ‫ؚ‬Ԃˁ਄ɩȦʳϺʢȦʳ⏏౗।ᅊ༎ɴྒȿᦉ˃ɞᅎȦʰʶ౅ȵȡʳȦɤʗȩɫ⏋ਸ਼࿠ɴ‫؜‬ʱԂʶʭȩɭɐʳ֪ȷʢʛʰʶʳ⏏ɄɹʭȩɲɇʚɊʚɲϟᢒˁʛʳȴȹʱ⏋͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ȵΫɴᦚʏɛʭȩɲ༥ෑᇕɲΥᯆȴʰɹʛɭʰȭʰʶʳʢɹɫɻɲȦɄɭɻ౩ʰȴɫȡʳ⏏ɗɄɫɄɹ፲ɫɻ⏋๖ɹʭȩɲ‫ک‬ᰍரᣱȴʰ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɹɭʰȭȴɛɴɦȦɩԗද២ɌɩʛɛȦ⏏ɐɲʼɠ⏋̩̜͌˧ɹൕ‫ݛ‬ʦգᅎȵᐚȦɩȦɛɭȷ⏋ɗʶɻɛɞ๿ɤɩȦɛɴɐȹɲȦɹɞʸȩȴ⏏ɲɕ༥ȭؑɤɩɌʚʼɲȴɤɛɹɞʸȩȴ⏏ɗɌɩ⏋߂౅ɹϜ઎ˁȼɦȵȭɌ⏋͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ȵ‫ڃڧ‬с႒ɭɌɩ߂ᩄɴᅊᅋɇʶ⏋‫ৄ؜‬ɇʶʳʭȩɴɲɤɛᔘ৿ɴɻɲɴȵȡʳɹɞʸȩȴ⏋ɭȦȩɄɭɫȡʳ⏏
ǵʚɑ⏋̊˓ʦ͞ˠ˽ɹϟёɹʭȩɴ⏋္ᅣʦ঑ᅣɫࢸៀฐɴ̩̜͌˧ȵൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶɩȦʳ‫غݭ‬ˁᓒȭɩʛʳ⏏ൕ‫ݛ‬ɹয়ϟᓔɫȡʳᦅ຦ɴɭɤɩ⏋̩̜͌˧ɻᕶՕɛɠȵз˃ɫȦʳ‫ݖܩ‬ɴʢɭʢɭȡɤɛс႒ɫ⏋ᅎȦʰʶʳ‫ڃ‬ዛɻ⏋БǾ‫؝‬ȿᐙȦɫȷɛ⏋ȡʳȦɻᦏ᭰ȴʰᡶʱ‫؝‬ȿɛʢɹɫȡʳ⏏ɗʶˁᕶʰᔒɩɩᕶʰᰩʏɩȦʳ⏏̩̜͌˧ˁൕ‫ݛ‬ɐʳɄɭʢ⏋ᰩʏʳɄɭʢ౗।ᅊ༎ɹΥᨆɫȡʱ⏋ൕ‫ݛ‬ȴʰգᅎʚɫɹ᧌ዐɻ⏋ɐʏɩᕶՕɛɠɹзʞ‫ݖܩ‬ɹμɫ࡭ᐄɌɩȦʳ⏏
ǵɄɹёȵኍɐʭȩɴ⏋͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ȵ‫ݖܩ‬ɴ๿ɇʶʳɛʠɴɻ⏋ɗʶˁൕ‫ݛ‬ɌգᅎɐʳϺɹࡔ‫ܧ‬ȵέ‫خ‬๕ɫȡʳ⏏ȦȦȴȭʶɽ⏋ൕ‫ݛ‬ȴʰգᅎʚɫȵʁɭᐚȷɴɲɤɛϺǾɹಬʰɌȵȡʱ⏋ɗɹಬʰɌɴࢌஞɴᬠᦹɌɛс႒ɭɌɩ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ˁеᒞɧȿʳɄɭȵɫȷʳ40ᘺ‫ᦅ⏧غ‬෌ɹ˫ͦͻ̫͡‫׋‬ɭ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɹɫȡʳ⏏ɐɫɴᦅ࡝Օᩃɫɻ‫ݖܩ‬ɭಬʰɌˁ˥ͻͩͻ̝ɴ⏋ȋ‫ܩܧ‬ɹᦅ෌␩ᅒμǵ2000␭ȍʦȋᦅ෌ɴȲȿʳ‫ܧ‬ഀଯ᝗␩‫ػ‬ᩃǵ2001␭ȍˁឿሁɐ᠅ʛȵࠃʚɤɩȦʳ⏏ᦅ෌ɭಬʰɌˁʁȷɦ
ȿɩɭʰȭʭȩɭɐʳɭȷ⏋ᐁཕᇕѝғɭɻաɹࡔ‫ܧ‬ჿᅓˁʢɤɩ‫ݖܩ‬ɴ๿ɇʶɛ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɹࡔ‫ܧ‬ɴɄɗ⏋ᇿˁ‫ك‬ȿʳʏȷɫȡʸȩ⏏Ʉɹ፲ɹɻɍʠɴ⏋͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɹᅊ༎
ɴȲȿʳជ֖ᇕɲ৲ւɭȦȩɄɭˁᦚʏɛȵ⏋ɗʶɻ͍˻͑ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɭປᥒɌɛɭȷᐁཕᯆ
ɫជ֖ᇕɫȡʳɭȦȩɄɭˁɇɌɩȦʳɴɐȹɲȦ⏏ൕ‫ݛ‬ɌɩȦʳয়ϟᓔɹ౗।ᅊ༎ˁςкɴᓒȭʶɽ⏋͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ˁЂɌɩᕶးᄩ‫ޅ‬ɴӈȷȴȿ⏋͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ˁգᅎɌɩಬʰɌɹ଼፲ˁ৩ʳ᝔ဤɻ⏋ɗʶɞȿɫѝғˁ୫ɦʢɹɫȡʱ⏋ӱ᣸ʦූɌʛˁʢɛʰɐʢɹɫȡʳɭᓒȭʰʶʳ⏏
ǵȦɤʗȩ⏋͞ˠ˽⏋͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲላٞᦇɫɻ⏋‫ڃڧ‬с႒ɭɲɤɛ̩̜͌˧ȵ߂ៀฐɴൕ
‫ݛ‬ɇʶɩȦɛ⏏Ʉɹϟёɻ⏋ɛ˃ɴዛʦ‫ڃ‬ዛȵ߉ʼʶɩȦȼɄɭɴ‫׶‬ลઢˁୃȼಁೝȴʰ⏋‫ܩ‬‫ݖ‬ˁᣴȭɩᅊᅋ႒ȵ᝔ȷϯȩ˫ͦͻ̫͡‫׋‬ɹ৯ᯱˁʢᓒૅɌɲȿʶɽɲʰɲȦಁೝʍɭ⏋͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ˁʠȽʳႥ໥ȵ߂ȷȼ޴‫׋‬ɌɛɄɭˁ႒᠝ɤɩȦʳ⏏
ǵɄʶʚɫɴആ‫ˏ˻ˏ׫‬ɫ‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ɇʶɩȷɛс႒ɻ⏋‫ݖܩ‬ɹ޺ȴʰ୫ɠᦉʚʶɛʢɹȵ޽ȼ⏋˱ͻ̯ͻ⏋˳̨͌˥⏋ˏ̸͓͞˹ɲɰɹ̺͞Ͳ̘ͻ˹͚Ͳс႒ʦ⏋˥͑̾̓ʦ̢Ͳ˻Ͳ⏋ˠ͞Ͳ̋˓̍˳ɲɰɹᲞ؅ᩃᘛɲɰȵɗɹёɴȡɛʳ⏏ɭɄʸȵ⏋͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲላٞᦇɹ‫ݭ‬‫⏋غ‬ʢɭʢɭ‫ݖܩ‬ɴȡɤɛс႒ɭ‫ؾ‬ɍዛᰖɹ‫ڃڧ‬с႒ȵ⏋ȋᮃᏝᇕȍɲൕ‫౅ݛ‬໬ɭɭʢɴࢷԂɇʶʳხɌȦ˭ͻ˽ɭɲɤɛ⏏‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛˁᕶࢃᅎɴൕ‫ݛ‬Ɍɩȷɛᐁᱻˁ୫ɦᦅ຦ɻ⏋̩̜͌˧ɹਸᣒɴਝɍɛൕ‫౅ݛ‬໬ʦ‫ڃ‬ዛˁឿʳᇿˁɐɫɴЦ਄ɌɩȦɛ⏏Ʉɹɛʠ⏋‫ݖܩ‬ɹ޺ȴʰɹᅵᣒɲ‫ڃ‬ዛɭൕ‫౅ݛ‬໬ɹ୫ɠᦉʛɻ⏋‫؝‬ȿԂʶʳᦅ຦ɹүɴཌྷϕʦ௑௷ˁᅊɍɇɓɛ⏏ɗɌɩ⏋̩̜͌˧‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ȵୟ߂ɌɩȦȼ᧌ዐɫ⏋‫ܧ‬ഀ̩̜͌˧ɹȦɤɗȩɹ͇˓̠ͻ‫׋‬ȵᦽ˃ɞ⏏
ǵȦɤʗȩ౗ೣɫɻ⏋‫ݖܩ‬ɹᦅ෌ɹɲȴɴ̩̜͌˧ȵࡔ‫ܧ‬Ɍɲȼɲɤɩɻɍʠɩ⏋ృɛɲЊ֓ѝғˁʢɤɩ̩̜͌˧ȵ៿ѝɇʶʳʭȩɴɲɤɛ⏏ҫঔɴʭȦᰩ႒ˁິʠʳ༥ᢹᓔȴʰɹ৔Ȧឹິɴਝɍɩൕ‫ݛ‬ɹ਋༎ȵ᠅ʛʰʶɛʢɹɹ⏋̩̜͌˧ᅊᅋɻЭʃੱ˃ɫȦʳ⏏ɗɌɩ⏋‫ܕ‬Ԓᅊᅋᩄˁᣳȭɛᮛឹɻ⏋ᦅ෌ɹ˫ͦͻ̫͡‫׋‬ɹɲȴɫᥥԂɴᰉʳ෯ᦶˁᅊ˃ɞ⏏ɄȩɌɩ⏋‫ܩ‬‫ݖ‬ˁ᭧ɩɩᅊ༎ɐʳ̩̜͌˧ɹᅊᅋᓔɭգᅎᓔȵ⏋ϣȦɴᰑˁȡʼɓɛɄɭʢɲȦʚʚ⏋॑‫ݭ‬ᐁཕɴʭɤɩᐄʃЊȿʰʶʳɴᕸɤɛ⏏
ǵͦͻˡ͡ɲᅊᅋ႒ȵγᅠᇕɲ‫ڃڧ‬ɭɲɤɩ༑ᦲɐʳȦɤʗȩɫ⏋ᅊᅋ‫ܩ‬ɴɇʚɊʚɲ঻ࢀȵ‫ؖ‬ʉёɻ⏋ᦅᅋ႒ɞȿɫɲȼගകᅋ႒ʦ႕๾༠ᅋ႒ɫʢధ޽ȼሾʰʶɩȦʳ␩ᵒឿǵ1982⏩ጭᅒǵ1997⏩ᣧळǵ1999␭⏏с႒ɻ߃းᣂ྇ɹഞཔɭȦȩဣɫɻ‫ک‬ᰍɴɲʰɲȦʢɹɹ⏋ɗɹ‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛȵ‫ܔݖܩ‬೑ɹ᧨Шᣂ྇ɫȡʱ⏋ൕ‫ݛ‬ી᝔ʦգᅎ໬ˁɭʢɲɤɛయ‫׋‬ᢧɫȡʳɭɐʳែဣɴጓɩɽ⏋̩̜͌˧‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ȵ͡ˏͲ̮̫ͻͲላٞᦇ‫ݖܩ‬ɴήȭɛ৯ᯱɻཉխɫȡʳ⏏ፀ 2 ፲ɫ୭௎Ɍɛʭȩɴ⏋ɐɫɴ‫ڃ‬ዛɹࢷԂɴʭɤɩ‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛɹ᧨ШᇕѢᰩȵᦽʛ⏋‫ܧ‬ഀ‫ڃ‬ዛɭᐄʃ41ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድǵፀ 2 ‫ش‬ɦȦɛൕ‫ݛ‬ʦգᅎɹయ‫׋‬ɴ޴‫׋‬ȵᅊɍɩȦʳ⏏ɇʰɴ‫ݖܩ‬ɹᕶးᄩ‫ޅ‬ɴᬠᦹɌɩ⏋̩̜͌˧ɹ
ᓚ‫ܩ‬ᬖᇍɴʭʳ‫ܩܤ‬գᅎȵ୫ᐚᇕɲ္ᅣɭϠ๖കɹգᅎ˵˓˪͡ȴʰᧀᔵɌɲȦʢɹɫȡɤɛɹȴɭȦȩဣɻ⏋Ё৿ද២ˁឹɐʳᠩᰍɫȡʳ⏏Ʉɹʭȩɴ⏋༥ᢹᓔɹឿȭɲȦɭɄʸɫ⏋̩̜͌˧‫ڧ‬෌ൕ‫ݛ‬ȵᅊᅋ‫ܩ‬ɴ͍̋ͻ˻ˁɹɄɌɩȦʳ‫خ‬ᔨਸȵᲞȼ⏋ᅊᅋ‫ܩ‬ɭ༥ᢹ‫ܩ‬ˁɰȩᐄʉȴɭȦȩ‫ک‬ᰍȵఒʠɩ‫ک‬ʼʶʳɹɫȡʳ⏏

̤ȁͩȁͤȁͅǵೣዣɫɻ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ˁଝȵȴʱɴ⏋ᦅ෌ɭс႒⏋ಬʰɌɭс႒ɴɦȦɩද២ˁ֓ȭɩȷɛ⏏ȋ‫؜‬ʱ๿ɇʶɛȍ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɴ໶ᇿɌɩʛʳɄɭɴʭɤɩ⏋‫ݖܩ‬ɴȲȿʳᦅ෌ɭಬʰɌˁᬠᦹɧȿɩɭʰȭ⏋‫ؾ‬ಁɴ⏋‫ݖܩ‬ˁᣴȭɩᦅ෌ɭಬʰɌȵᐄʃɦȿʰʶʳჼБᇕɲ֪ȷˁᓒȭʳɛʠɹែဣȵரኍɇʶɛʭȩɴਲ਼ȩ⏏
ǵ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ɹʓȴɴʢ⏋ϺǾɹ౗।ᅊ༎ɴᅎȦʰʶɩȦʳ೑ᅎඨ႒ɴɻɇʚɊʚɲʢ
ɹȵȡʳ⏏ɞȵ⏋ɗɹʭȩɲȦʼʪʳᅊ႒ᣂ྇ɹȦȼɦȴɴɦȦɩʢ⏋ჼ‫⏋ܧ‬ɗɹ҅кధɹཝࢹʦᐓྙȵ‫׶‬ઉɇʶɩȦʳ⏏͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ʢ೑ᅎඨ႒ʢ⏋‫ݖܩ‬ɴȡɤɩϺǾɭࢌஞɲȴȴʼʱˁ୫ɤɩȷɛඨ႒ᒴɫȡʱ⏋ɗɹઝ٢ȴʰ‫ݖܩ‬ˁᠧʛៗȼՖʱ‫ؤ‬ˁឿՏɐɄɭȵɫȷʳ⏏
ಬʰɌɴཉȼᬠѥɌɛඨ႒ɹ޽෵ਸɭ‫ݖܩ‬ਸˁɄʶȴʰʢᦠິɌɩȦȷɛȦ⏏

ǵೣዣɹᠭീɻ⏋యᨆዀ࡝ህዀ࡝቉ድᢹជ֖ᩆ⏃‫ݜ‬ᇻ቉ድ A 2⏆ȋᅵᅊ઴Ꮩஞ៘ɴᬠʼʳϺ‫ؤ‬ው֪ɭᣂ྇գ
ᅎ˹˽̘͌ɹ޴ᢟȍ⏃቉ድБᝠᓔ⏧ϴᨊ߂࡝߂࡝᭏ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡ‫ݖܩ‬቉ድ቉ድዀ‫إ‬ाχᮁఠஐ⏆ɹ֖ଁɴʭʱࡸేɇʶɛʢɹɫȡʳ⏏ჼ‫ܩ‬ᠭീɫɻ, Souksompong Prixar ລ⏃͞ˠ˽‫ܕ‬ጓ߂࡝⏆ɭᛚ౩੯ᅊລ
⏃ϴᨊ߂࡝߂࡝᭏ᦅ࡝቉ድዀ⏆ȴʰ޽߂ɲ‫֐ת‬ˁ਄ɛ⏏ʚɛ⏋ᦅࢃɹ౅Ǿɻ⏋ɄɄʸʭȼ˓Ͳ̲͖̊ͻɴਝɍɩȼɞɇɤɛ⏏ʛɲɇ˃ɴཉȼઢᡚᅕɌΫɁʚɐ⏏
֨ȁဥȁ໲ȁࡃᣧळǵཋ⏏1999⏏ȋ߂ᝓ‫׋‬ɐʳࡾরషჿȍȏ˛˱̶̅ˑˏȑ4: 56-59⏏
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42ᘺ‫ᦅ⏧غ‬෌ɹ˫ͦͻ̫͡‫׋‬ɭ͇˓̠ͻ˪̺ͦ̒ᵭᩃਠᮁ⏏1946⏏ȏആ‫׫‬ϩᏳϩ຦౏࡝Ӵ‫࡝ر‬቉ድ 1 ȑሼऄೆଗ⏏
೴Ϋ᧑߅͹؅ᅒᣎψ⏏1958⏏ȋዛᬚᮊዛ̩̜͌˧˻͖͇̀̋ɹ F 1 ඨ႒ɴɦȦɩȍȏីϴ߂࡝࡝᝗‫ݬ‬ٚᦅ࡝ȑ10: 111-120⏏
μ࣊и֖⏏1966⏏ȏൕ‫ݛ‬ඨ႒ɭᦅᓚɹᣱ྇ȑ࣬໳ೆঊ⏏
൓ೣॺ߅⏏1999⏏ȏ̩ͻ̸ɴᬠɐʳγᅠᇕ֪‫ك‬ɭ౗ೣɹࢪਝǵ̩ͻ̸⏱ȑ́ͩ˓̜͡ͻ͌⏏
౗ೣ႕๾ᦅᅋ႒‫ת‬Ц⏏1999⏏ȏᚫᅎඨ႒⏃ᅊᚫ⏆ᮛᐌɹჼႥɭࢰഀࣙ೚ȑ⏏ᢧ܎໬Ϻ౗ೣ႕๾ᦅᅋ႒‫ת‬Ц⏏
ᦅകອᅋଯ᝗੻‫תݬ‬Ц⏏2002⏏http://www.afftis.or.jp/ToshiSakumotsu/hatomugi/hatomugi.html.
⏃2002 ॷ 4
೐ 8 ౗⏆
ᘺ‫غ‬ᮓᩃ⏏1996⏏ȋ̊˓‫׌‬ᨆɹ˻͖͇̀̋ࣚඨ႒ɭɗɹգᅎȍȏ᧨Шȑ50 (9) 50-54⏏
㨋㨋㨋㨋⏏2001⏏ȋആ‫߂ˏ˻ˏ׫‬᭜ᨆɴȲȿʳᮊዤɹൕ‫ݛ‬ɭգᅎŅ͞ˠ˽ჼ‫ܩ‬ᠭീȴʰŅȍȏᮊዤ቉ድȑ15:
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ጭᅒಅϓ⏏1997⏏ȋගക႒ᅋȍȏϟԎആ‫ˏ˻ˏ׫‬ȑেయ‫⏏ݟ‬ᅒμ๭๯⏏1989⏏ȋ᧨Шᣂ྇ɭɻȍᅒμ๭๯͹ᴚ࣢‫ަܜ‬͹ᗀ࿚๭‫ٮ‬ᑂȏඨ႒᧨Шᣂ྇Ԃᬐȑଯ‫ݟݬ‬Տႆ⏏
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‫ػ‬ᩃᱚࡎ⏏2001⏏ȋ‫ܧ‬ഀଯ᝗ɭ˻˙Ͳ̋ͻȍȏ‫ܕ‬᭬ᦅക෌‫֐ת‬ȑ24 (7): 22-30⏏

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