◊✲ࣀ࣮ࢺࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᡓ␎࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࢔࡜᪂つࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡢㄪᩚ࣐̿ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟࡜ࢫࢬ࢟̿
The Coordination between Core and New Business Model in GlobalStrategy:MarutiSuzuki and Suzukiⰱ ⃝ᡂ ගASHIZAWA, Shigemitsu(⋢ᕝ኱Ꮫ)(Tamagawa University)せ᪨ᮏ✏ࡢㄢ㢟ࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ௻ᴗ࡛ࡢࢥ࢔࡜࡞ࡿࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡢ⥔ᣢ࡜᪂ࡓ࡞ࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝᙧᡂࢆྠ᫬୪⾜࡟㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓᅔ㞴ࡢཎᅉࠊࡑࡋ࡚ᑐᛂ⟇ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮏ✏ࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋศᯒどⅬࡣ㸰ࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ㸯ࡘࡣࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝㄽࡢどⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࢪࣙࣥ
ࢯࣥࡢᐃ⩏࡟ᚑࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨㸰ࡢศᯒどⅬࡣࠊࣉࣛࣁࣛࢻ➼ࡢᨭ㓄ⓗ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪂ࡓ࡞
ࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ࠸ࡗࡓࢇᏛ⩦ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࠊ▩┪ࡍࡿᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡢᙧᡂࢆᅔ㞴࡟ࡍࡿ≉ᛶࢆᣢࡘࠋࡑࢀࡣࠕኚ␗ࡢᢚᅽࠖ࡜࿧ࡤ
ࢀࡿࠋศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞୰ᆺ㌴ࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝᙧᡂࡣ㐜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡢࠕኚ␗ࡢᢚᅽࠖࡀཎᅉ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀ࡜ࡣู࡟ࠊ⤌⧊ෆ㊥㞳ࡢၥ㢟ࡶ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ඞ᭹࡟ࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞⤒Ⴀ㝕࡜⌧ᆅ໬ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to analyze the coordination between core businessmodel and new business model in MarutiSuzuki. There are two theoretical frameworks
in analyzing. The first theory is a business model theory and the second is a dominant811

logic theory. There are needs to create new dominant logic for new business modelaccording to a dominant logic theory. But there is variance suppression in changing ofdominant logic. In the result in analyzing, there are mainly two problems in creating
business model of mid-size automobile in MarutiSuzuki. The first problem is the delay
in introducing of new business model from variance suppression and second is theproblem of organizational distance in developing a mid-size automobile in Japan. Thesolution presented is the promotion of new top management, holding new dominant
logic and delegation of authority to foreign affiliated company.

࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࠊᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࠊኚ␗ࡢᢚᅽࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᡓ␎ࠊ⤌⧊ෆ㊥㞳

Keywords
BusinessModel,

Dominant

Logic,

Variance

Suppression,

GlobalStrategy,

Organizational Distance㸯. ㄢ㢟࡜ศᯒࡢ⌮ㄽᯟ⤌ࡳᮏ✏ࡢศᯒᑐ㇟ࡣࠊ࢖ࣥࢻ⮬ື㌴ᕷሙ᭱኱ࡢᕷሙࢩ࢙࢔ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟࡜ࡑࡢぶ఍♫࡛࠶ࡿ᪥ᮏࡢࢫࢬ࡛࢟࠶ࡿࠋㄢ㢟ࡣࠊ࢖ࣥࢻ⮬ື㌴ᕷሙࡢᡂ㛗࡟క࠺ࠊࢫࢬ࢟ཬࡧ⌧ᆅἲே࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡢ㍍࣭ᑠᆺ㌴ࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞୰ᆺ㌴ࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝᙧ
ᡂୖࡢၥ㢟࡜ᑐᛂ⟇ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ௻ᴗ࡛ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝᙧᡂୖࡢၥ㢟࡜ᑐᛂ⟇ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡛ࡁࡿࠋศᯒࡣ㸰ࡘࡢ⌮ㄽୖࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ⾜࠺ࠋ➨ 㸯 ࡢ ศ ᯒ ど Ⅼ ࡣ ࠊ ࣅ ࢪ ࢿ ࢫ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ (Business Model) ㄽ ࡢ ど Ⅼ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ(Amit&Zott,2012,Chesbrough,2010,Johnson,2010,Zott&Amit,2007,2008,㔝୰,2012)ࠋࣅ
ࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡢᐃ⩏ࡣࠊලయⓗ࡞ᵓᡂせᅉࢆ♧ࡍࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ(Johnson)ࡢ⪃࠼࡟ᚑ࠸ࠊࠕ౯್࿨㢟ࠊ㘽࡜࡞ࡿࣅࢪࢿࢫࣉࣟࢭࢫࠊ㘽࡜࡞ࡿ⤒Ⴀ㈨※࡜฼┈᪉⛬ᘧ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࣅࢪࢿࢫࡢ௙⤌ࡳࡢ⪃࠼ࠖ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿ(Johnson, 2010: 6-7)ࠋࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊࢥ࢔஦ᴗ࡛

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2ᡂຌࡋࠊ☜❧ࡉࢀࡓࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ௻ᴗ࡛ࡣࠊ␗࡞ࡿࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡢᡂຌࡣ
ᅔ㞴࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Johnson, 2010)ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥࡣࠊࡑࡢཎᅉࢆ༑ศ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡣ
ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡢཎᅉࢆࡉࡽ࡟㋃ࡳ㎸ࡳ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄢ㢟࡜ࡍࡿࠋཎᅉࢆศᯒࡍࡿ⌮ㄽᯟ⤌ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊḟࡢ➨㸰ࡢศᯒどⅬࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࠋ➨㸰ࡢศᯒどⅬࡣࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢㄆ▱࡜࠸࠺どⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢㄆ▱ഃ㠃࠿ࡽศᯒࡍࡿ◊✲࡟ࡣࠊᕷሙ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᡓ␎ⓗㄆ㆑(strategic cognition)ㄽ࡜➇தㄆ㆑ㄽ(competitivecognition)ㄽࡀ࠶ࡿ(Ginsberg,1989,1990, Hodgkinson,1997,2005)ࠋ࣓ࣥࢱࣝࣔࢹࣝࡣ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢㄆ㆑ᯟ⤌ࡳࢆព࿡ࡋࠊㄆ▱ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ(frame)ࡸࢫ࣮࣐࢟(schema)ࢆព࿡ࡍ
ࡿࠋᡓ␎ศ㔝ࡢ୺ほⓗㅖ⌮ㄽࡢᇶ♏࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࠊᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮(dominant logic)ㄽ࡛࠶
ࡿ(Ginsberg,1989,1990, Hodgkinson,1997,2005)ࠋᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡣࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ಶேࡢ౯್ほ࡜⤒㦂࠿ࡽᙧᡂࡉࢀࠊᕷሙ࡜஦ᴗࡢㄆ㆑ᯟ⤌ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿ(Prahalad& Bettis , 1986)ࠋ
ࡑࡋ࡚ࠕࢺࢵࣉ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ඹ᭷ࡉࢀࡓㄆ▱࣐ࢵࣉ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᡓ␎ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢺࢵࣉ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜ᡭẁ࡟ᐦ᥋࡟⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
(Bettis&Wong, 2003: 344 㡫)ࠋᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡣࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀᐇ㊶ࡢ୰࡛⤒㦂ࡋ౯್ほ࡟ࡼࡾᙧᡂࡋࡓㄽ⌮࡛࠶ࡿ(Prahalad&Bettis, 1986)ࠋࡇࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡀ࣮࣋ࢫ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ࢔ࢼࣟࢪ࣮
࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ㄽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊᡓ␎ࡶࡋࡃࡣࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡀ⪃࠼ฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
(Gavetti&Levinthal,2000,2005,Gavetti&Rivkin,2005,Holland,Holyoak,Nisbett&Thagard,1986,Holyoak&Thagard,1995)ࠋ
ࣉࣛࣁࣛࢻ➼(Prahalad&Bettis,1986, Bettis&Wong,2003)ࡢ⪃࠼࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞≧ἣ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿᡓ␎ᙧᡂ࡟ࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡢᙧᡂࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡣ୍᪦Ꮫ⩦ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡢኚ᭦ࡸ␗࡞ࡿᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ᙧᡂࢆᅔ㞴࡟ࡍࡿ≉ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣋ࢸ
࢕ࢫ➼(Bettis&Wong,2003)ࡣࡇࢀࢆࠊ
ࠕኚ␗ࡢᢚᅽࠖ(variance suppression)࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ
ᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡣ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡿಶேࡢ౯್ほ࡟᰿ᕪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡓࡵࠊ▩┪ࡍࡿ᪂ࡓ࡞ᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ᙧᡂࡣᅔ㞴࡟࡞ࡿ(Bettis&Wong, 2003)ࠋ
ࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡢᵓᡂせᅉࡢ➨㸯ࡣࠊ౯್࿨㢟(value proposition)࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౯್࿨㢟࡜ࡣࠊࠕ㢳ᐈ࡟࡜ࡾ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟ゎỴࡢࡓࡵࡢࠊᮍゎỴࡢࢪࣙࣈ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓၥ㢟࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢪࣙࣈ㐩ᡂࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ〇ရࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࡑࡢ㈍኎᪉ἲࡶྵࡵࠊᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ
(Johnson, 2010 : 26)࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠕ୍᪦ࠊ⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࢪࣙࣈࡢከᵝ࡞ഃ㠃ࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊ⊂⮬࡟ࠊࡑࢀࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿᥦ౪ࡪࡘ(offering)ࢆࢹࢨ࢖࡛ࣥࡁࡿࠖ(Johnson, 2010: 28)ࠋࡑࡢ㝿ࠊ୰ᚰⓗ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ⊂⮬ࡢ⪃࠼ࡀ཯ᫎࡉࢀࡿ࡜⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡿ࡜⤒833Ⴀ⪅⮬㌟ࡢ౯್ほ࡜⤒㦂ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ヨ⾜㘒ㄗ࠿ࡽ౯್࿨㢟ࡣᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ౯್࿨㢟ࡢ㌿᥮ࡶࡋࡃࡣ㏣ຍ࡟ࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࢆᶍ⣴ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ౯್࿨㢟ᐇ⌧ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㘽࡜࡞ࡿࣅࢪࢿࢫࣉࣟࢭࢫ(key business processes)ࡀసࡽࢀ,ࡉࡽ࡟㘽࡜࡞ࡿ⤒
Ⴀ㈨※(key resources)࡜฼┈᪉⛬ᘧ(profit formula)࡟ලయ໬ࡉࢀࡿ(Johnson,2008,2011)ࠋ
௨ୗ࡛ࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟࡟࠾ࡅࡿ 4 ࡘࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝᵓᡂせᅉẖ࡟᪂ࡓ࡞ࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔ
ࢹࣝᑟධ≧ἣࢆศᯒࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࡲࡎࠊ୰ᚰⓗ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ㕥ᮌಟẶࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋḟ࡟ࠊㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࢖ࣥࢻࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࡛࢟ࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡢᐇែࢆ᫂
ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊ4 せᅉẖ࡟ࠊᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ලయ໬ࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣅࢪ
ࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝᑟධ≧ἣ࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿࡢ࠿⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋᇶ♏ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࢫࢬ࢟ᮏ♫࡛ࡢ㸰ᅇࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡜ࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࡛࢟ࡢ㸯ᅇࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗㄪᰝཬࡧᕤሙぢᏛࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࢫࢬ࢟ཬ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟୧♫ࡢබ⾲㈨ᩱࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࠋ

2. 㕥ᮌಟẶࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡢᙧᡂࢫࢬ࢟୰⯆ࡢ♽࡛࠶ࡿ㕥ᮌಟẶࡣࠊࢫࢬ࢟ධ♫ᚋ♫ෆ࡛ࡶ㛩⫋࡟⨨࠿ࢀࠊࡑࡢᚋከࡃࡢ
⌧ሙ࡛⤒㦂ࢆ✚ࡳࠊࡑࡋ࡚⮬㌟ࡢ౯್ほ࠿ࡽࠊ⊂⮬ࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊከࡃࡢࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡢ 4 せᅉࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚ࠊᨭ
㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࢆ㕥ᮌಟẶࡢ⮬ఏ࠿ࡽ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄞࡳྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ(㕥ᮌ, 2009)ࠋ
ࡲࡎࠊ౯್࿨㢟࡟㛵ࡋࠊ➨㸯ࡢ⪃࠼ࡀࠊࠕᑠ࣭ᑡ࣭㍍࣭▷࣭⨾ࠖࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮࡛࠶ࡿ(㕥ᮌ, 2009)ࠋࠕ〇ရࡸ㒊ရࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇタഛࡲ࡛඲࡚ࢆྵࡵࠊ࠸࠿࡟ᑠࡉࡃࠊᑡ࡞ࡃࠊ㍍ࡃࠊ▷ࡃࠊ⨾ࡋࡃࡍࡿ࠿ࡀࠊࢥࢫࢺపῶ࡜ࠊ࡛ࡁ࠶ࡀࡗࡓࢡ࣐ࣝࡢ⇞㈝ྥୖ࡜࡞ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺㌴ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ(㕥ᮌ,2009: 265 㡫)ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࡑࡢ౯್࿨㢟ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ฼┈᪉⛬ᘧ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠕᕤሙ࡟ࡣ࢝ࢿࡀⴠࡕ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡣࠊࠕ࣒ࢲࢆ๐ࢀࡤ๐ࡿࡔࡅࠊࡑࢀࡀ఍♫ࡢ฼┈ࢆᢲࡋୖࡆࠊ♫ဨࡸᰴ୺࡬㑏ඖࡉࢀࡿཎ㈨ࡀቑ࠼ࡿࠖ(㕥ᮌ, 2009: 101 㡫)࡜ࡢ⪃࠼࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠕϨ㒊ရࠊ1 ࢢ࣒ࣛࠊ1 ෇పῶ㺁ࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡀ࠶ࡿ(㕥ᮌ, 2009: 226 ㈉)ࠋ〇ရ㍍㔞໬ࡀࢥࢫࢺపୗࠊࡑࡋ࡚฼┈࡟⧅ࡀࡿ࡜ࡢ⪃࠼࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㸰ࡘࡢ⪃࠼ࡀࠊ〇㐀ࡢ⌧ሙࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ฼┈᪉⛬ᘧࡢᇶᮏ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢ㸰ࡘࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡣ㕥ᮌಟẶ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࠊ1978 ᖺࡢ♫㛗ᑵ௵௨㝆ࠊ௚ࡢ➇ྜࡀ㍍どࡍࡿ㍍⮬ື㌴ᕷሙ࡟ⓗࢆ⤠ࡾࠊᚭᗏࡋ࡚↓㥏ࢆ᤼㝖ࡋࡓ⤒Ⴀࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ୰࡛ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

844ḟ࡟ࠊࣅࢪࢿࢫࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
ࠕ࡝ࡇࡢᅜ࡛ࡶ࠸࠸࠿ࡽ㸯␒࡟࡞ࡾࡓ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ1978 ᖺࡢ♫㛗ᑵ௵᫬ࠊ75 ᖺࡢ᤼࢞ࢫつไᑐᛂࡢኻᩋ
࡛⤒Ⴀࡢ༴ᶵࢆ㏄࠼ࡓࡀࠊከࡃࡢຓࡅ࡛ษࡾᢤࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡀࠊ⏕⏘ࡣⴠࡕ㎸ࡳࠊᚑᴗဨࡢኈẼࡣᾘỿࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࠕ࡞ࢇ࡜࠿ኈẼࢆୖࡆࡓ࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࢲ࣓࡞ࡽእᅜ࡛ࠊ࡝ࢇ࡞ᑠࡉ࡞ᅜ࡛ࡶࡼ࠸࠿ࡽ࡜⇍៖ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ⟅࠼ࡣ⡆༢ࠋࢡ࣐ࣝࢆ⏕⏘ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᅜ࡟⾜ࡅࡤࠊ100 ྎ࡛ࡶ㸯఩࡟࡞ࢀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠖ(㕥ᮌ, 2009: 255 㡫)࡜㕥ᮌẶࡣ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮࠿ࡽᾏእ㐍ฟࠊ≉࡟᪂⯆ᅜ࡬ࡢ㐍ฟࡢỴᐃࡀࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㐍ฟඛࡢᅜࡢᕷሙ࡛ࠊࢩ࢙࢔ 1 ␒࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚑᴗဨࡢពḧࢆᘬࡁฟࡍࡢ࡟኱ࡁࡃ㈉⊩࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡢ⪃࠼࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᕤሙ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㕥ᮌಟẶ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ➨ 1 ࡣࠕ㔜ຊ࡜ගࡣࢱࢲࠖ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࢇ࡛ࡶࢥ࣮ࣥ࣋ࣖ໬ࠊ⮬ື໬ࡍࡿࡢࢆㄴࡵࡓᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㺀ࢺࢵࣉࢲ࢘ࣥࡣࢥࢫࢺࢲ࢘ࣥ㺁࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿ(㕥ᮌ, 2009㸪159㈉)ࠋ㆟ㄽ࡟ࡣ᫬㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅࡎࠊࢺࢵࣉࡀ༶Ỵᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛↓㥏࡞᫬㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅࡎࢥࢫࢺࢲ࢘ࣥ࡟⤖ࡧࡘࡃ࡜ࡢ⪃࠼࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㘽࡜࡞ࡿ⤒Ⴀ㈨※࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ⮬ఏࠊⓎゝ➼࠿ࡽࡣࠊ㕥ᮌಟẶࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

3. ࢫࢬ࢟ࡢᾏእᡓ␎ࡢ㌿᥮࡜࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡢ≧ἣ3㸫1 ࢫࢬ࢟ࡢᾏእᡓ␎ࡢ㌿᥮ࢫࢬ࢟ࡣࠊ2000 ᖺ௨㝆ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᡓ␎ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺࢆඛ㐍ᅜࠊ≉࡟໭⡿࡜Ḣᕞࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚ࠊᑠᆺ㌴ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ୰ᆺ㌴ࡢᢞධࡀࡉࢀ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ1ࠋ㍍࣭ᑠᆺ㌴ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡀᚑ᮶ࡢࢫࢬ࢟ࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࠕࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᡓ␎࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࢫࢬ࢟ࡢᙉࡳ࡛࠶ࡿᑠᆺ㌴࡟㈨※ࢆ㞟୰ࡍࡿࠖ2ࡀࠊࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊヨ㦂ⓗ࡟୰ᆺ㌴ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࣭⏕⏘ࢆ⾜࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰ᆺ㌴࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
௚♫࡜ࡢඹྠ㛤Ⓨ࡜ GM ࡢᨭ᥼࡟ࡼࡿ㛤Ⓨࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮࣐ࣜࣥࢩࣙࢵࢡᚋࠊ໭⡿ᕷሙࡢ኎ࡾୖࡆࡣ 1 ඙෇㏆ࡃᚋ㏥ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࡣࠊ2012 ᖺ࡟໭⡿ᕷሙ࠿ࡽࡢ஦ᐇୖࡢ᧔㏥ࡀỴᐃࡉࢀࠊ࢖ࣥࢻᕷሙࢆጞࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ࢔ࢪ࢔࡬࡜ࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᡓ␎ࡢ㌿᥮ࡀࡉࢀࡓ(ࢫࢬ࢟ b, 2013)ࠋᚑ᮶ࡢ⤫ྜᆺࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝᡓ␎ࡣ⥔ᣢࡋࡘࡘࠊ୍᪉࡛࢖ࣥࢻ⌧ᆅ࡬ࡢ㐺ᛂᆺࡢᡓ␎࡬ࡢ㌿᥮ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ࢖ࣥࢻ࡛⏕⏘ࡉࢀࡓ㌴ࢆࠊ
12ࢫࢬ࢟ᮏ♫࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡢ㕥ᮌྲྀ⥾ᙺࡢⓎゝࡼࡾࠋࢫࢬ࢟ᮏ♫࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡢ㕥ᮌྲྀ⥾ᙺࡢⓎゝࡼࡾࠋ855➨୕ᅜ࡬㍺ฟࡍࡿࢧࣖྲྀࡾᡓ␎ࡶᙉ໬ࡉࢀࡓࠋᑐᛂࡋ࡚ࠊࢫࢬ࢟ࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡶኚ໬ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࠋ໭⡿ᕷሙ࡛ࡣᑠᆺ㌴ࡔࡅ࡛ࡢ㈍኎௦⌮ᗑࡢ☜ಖࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⡿ᅜෆ࡛ࡢ㈍኎௦⌮ᗑ⥙ࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊᅛᐃ㈝㈇ᢸࡢࡓࡵࠊᑠᆺ㌴ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ୰ᆺ㌴ࡢᢞධࡀ୙
ྍḞ࡟࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ3ࠋࢫࢬ࢟ࡢ᪤Ꮡࡢ౯್࿨㢟ࡣࠊᏳ౯࡛ရ㉁ࡢ㧗࠸ᑠࡉ࡞㌴ࢆࠊᗈࡃ♫఍࡬ᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ໭⡿ᕷሙࢆᑐ㇟࡟୰ᆺ㌴ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࣭㍺ฟࢆ㐍ࡵࡊࡿࢆ࠼࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2000 ᖺ௨㝆ᖺ㛫㸰㸮୓ྎつᶍࡢ㈍኎ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࠊ⌧ᆅ௦⌮ᗑࡢᣑ኱࣭඘ᐇ࡟㈨※ࢆᢞධࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊ୰ᆺ㌴ SX㸲࡜ SUV ࡢࢢࣛࣥࣅࢱ࣮
ࣛ➼ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋSX4 ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡣࠊࣇ࢕࢔ࢵࢺ(Fiat)࡜ࡢඹྠ㛤Ⓨ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ4ࠋᾏእᕷሙ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࠊྜ⌮ⓗุ᩿࠿ࡽ᪂ࡓ࡟୰ᆺ㌴ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

3㸫2 ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡢ⌧≧2002 ᖺࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞⮬ື㌴⏘ᴗᨻ⟇ࡀ࢖ࣥࢻᨻᗓ࠿ࡽබ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ(MarutiSuzuki, 2003)ࠋ᪂
ᨻ⟇ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊㄪ࿴ⓗ࣭ẁ㝵ⓗ࡟ࠊᣢ⥆ⓗ࡞⮬ື㌴⏘ᴗࡢᡂ㛗ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⏘ᴗᨻ⟇ࡢ㌿᥮ࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡢᡓ␎࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋᾏእࡢ➇ྜ࣓࣮࣮࢝ࡀ࢖ࣥࢻᕷሙ࡬ཧධࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡀᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿᑠᆺ஌⏝㌴ศ㔝࡛ࡶ➇தࡢ⃭໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ࢖ࣥࢻᅜෆᕷሙࡢ➇த⃭໬࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞
୰ᆺ㌴ࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡢᶍ⣴ࡀ㒊ศⓗ࡟ጞࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ(㸯)᪂ࡓ࡞౯್࿨㢟ࡢᶍ⣴ࢫࢬ࢟ࡀ࢖ࣥࢻ࡬㐍ฟࡋࡓᙜึࠊࢫࢬ࢟ࡢᣢࡘ㍍⮬ື㌴ࡢ〇㐀ᢏ⾡࡜㛤Ⓨຊࡣࠊ࢖ࣥࢻ⮬ື㌴ᕷሙࡢ㟂せ≧ἣ࡟㐺ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ(MarutiSuzuki, 2001)ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ2000 ᖺᗘࠊ㉥Ꮠ࡟㌿ⴠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ஦ែ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡣࠊ➨㸯࡟೵⁫ࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢻᅜෆᕷሙ࡛ࡢ㈍኎ᩘ㔞ࢆᅇ᚟ࡍࡿࠋ➨㸰࡟ࠊ≉࡟ရ㉁࡟ὀ┠ࡋ࡚ᕤሙࡢ⌧ሙ࡛ඃࢀࡓᐇ㊶࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ〇㐀ࢥࢫࢺࢆ๐ῶࡍࡿࠋ➨㸱࡟ࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡟⌧ᆅ໬ࢆ㐍ࡵࠊࡲࡓࣂ࣮ࣜࣗศᯒࠊࣂ࣮࢚ࣜࣗࣥࢪࢽ࢔ࣜࣥࢢࠊඃࢀࡓᅾᗜ⟶⌮࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㒊ရࢥࢫࢺࢆ๐ῶࡍࡿ(MarutiSuzuki, 2001: 6)ࠋ௨ୖ㸱ࡘࡢᡓ␎ࢆᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢖ࣥࢻᅜෆࡢ⮬ື㌴ᕷሙ࡛ࡣ⾲ 1 ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᡤᚓỈ‽ࡢྥୖ࡟క࠸ࠊᑠᆺ㌴࣭୰ᆺ㌴ࢆồࡵࡿ㢳ᐈࢭࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋኚ໬࡟ᑐᛂࡋࠊ
࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࡛࢟ࡣ㍍⮬ື㌴ࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ 800 ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟〇㐀࣭㈍኎ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊᑡࡋ኱ࡁ࠸
ᑠᆺ㌴୰ᚰࡢ〇ရᵓᡂ࡬࡜㌿᥮ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡓ(MarutiSuzuki, 2001)ࠋ
34

ࢫࢬ࢟ᮏ♫࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡢ㕥ᮌྲྀ⥾ᙺࡢⓎゝࡼࡾࠋࢫࢬ࢟ᮏ♫࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡢ㕥ᮌྲྀ⥾ᙺࡢⓎゝࡼࡾࠋ86

6

⾲㸯: ࢖ࣥࢻ஌⏝㌴ᕷሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢭࢢ࣓ࣥࢺู㈍኎ྎᩘ᥎⛣ࢭࢢ࣓ࣥࢺ

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008
54,875(4,56)

A1: Mini

132,706(16,53)

91,865(10,76)

85,401(8,34)

71,102(6,03)

A2: Compact

469,844(58,52)

552,794(64,78)

693,916(67,78)

842,474(71,50)

A3: Mid-size

172,153(21,44)

174,555(20,45)

201,615(19,69)

214,444(18,20)

238,709(19,87)

A4: Executive

22,272(2,77)

27,714(3,24)

42,536(3,61)

35,110(2,92)

A5: Premium

5,674(0,7)

6,236(0,74)

5,818(0,56)

6,906(0,58)

7,310(0,6)

A6: Luxury

126(0,01)

159(0,01)288(0,02)662(0,05)856(0,07)

ྜィ

802,775

853,323

1,023,725

1,178,124

1,201,178

36,687(3,58)

864,318(71,95)*ᣓᘼෆࡣྛᖺḟ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஌⏝㌴࡟༨ࡵࡿࢭࢢ࣓ࣥࢺࡢⓒศẚࠊ*Mini ࡣ㍍⮬ື㌴ࠊCompact ࡣᑠᆺ㌴ࠊMid-sizeࡣ୰ᆺ㌴ࠊExecutive ࡣ㧗⣭୰ᆺ㌴ࠊPremium ࡣ኱ᆺ㌴ࠊLuxury ࡣ㉸㧗⣭㌴࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿࠋฟ඾: ࢖ࣥࢻ⮬ື㌴ᕤᴗ఍(SIAM)㈨ᩱࡼࡾసᡂ

ࡲࡓࠊᑐ㇟እ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ୰ᆺ㌴ᕷሙ࡬ࡢᑐᛂࡢࡓࡵ SX4ࠊࢫ࢖ࣇࢺࢹࢨ࢖࢔(ࢫ࢖ࣇࢺࢆࢭࢲࣥ࡬ᨵⰋࡋࡓ㌴)࡜࠸࠺୰ᆺ㌴ࡀᢞධࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋSX4 ࡣࣇ࢕࢔ࢵࢺ࡜ඹྠ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࠊࡲࡓࢫ࢖ࣇࢺࢹࢨ࢖࢔ࡣࠊᑠᆺ㌴ࡢࢫ࢖ࣇࢺࢆ࢖ࣥࢻ࡛ࢭࢲࣥ࡟ᨵⰋࡋࡓ㌴࡛࠶
ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࢫ࢖ࣇࢺࢹࢨ࢖࢔ࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁ࠸୰ᆺ㧗⣭ࢭࢲࣥࡢ࢟ࢨࢩࡀ᪥ᮏ࡛⊂⮬㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࠊ࢖ࣥࢻ࡛ࡶ㈍኎ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋὀᩥ⏕⏘࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀࠊ⏕⏘ࡣᙜ㠃ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࢫࢬ࡛࢟
⾜ࢃࢀࠊ᏶ᡂ㌴ࢆ࢖ࣥࢻ࡬㍺ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ(᪥⤒⏘ᴗ, 2010)ࠋ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡢ᭱
᪂ࡢ㈍኎≧ἣࡣ⾲㸰࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ⾲࠿ࡽࠊ୰ᆺ㌴ࡣ኎ࡾୖࡆࡢ 20㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࢫࢬ࢟࠾ࡼࡧ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୰ᆺ㌴ࡢ౯್࿨㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟࠾ࡼࡧࢫࢬ࢟ᮏ♫࡛ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ࠿ࡽࡣ᫂☜࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
(2)฼┈᪉⛬ᘧࡢ㌿᥮࢖ࣥࢻᕷሙࡢᛴ㏿࡞ኚ໬ࡢ୰࡛୰㛫ᡤᚓᒙࡀቑຍࡋࠊ㍍࣭ᑠᆺ㌴ࡢ௚࡟୰ᆺ㌴ࡢ㈍኎ࠊࡑࡢ⥔ᣢ࣭⿵ಟࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ஦ᴗ࡬ࡢ㌿᥮ࡀィ⏬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡣ⊂⮬ࡢ㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛ࢆ࢖ࣥࢻᅜෆ࡟⨨ࡁࠊ⌧ᆅࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ࡟㐺ྜࡍࡿᑠᆺ㌴㛤Ⓨࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୰ᆺ㌴࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢィ⏬ࡣࡲࡔ᫂☜࡟ࡣ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㈍኎ࡶࢹ࢕࣮ࣛ
⥙ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿᚑ᮶ࡢࡸࡾ᪉࠿ࡽ㌿᥮ࡋࠊ⊂⮬ࡢ㈍኎⥙ࢆᩚഛࡍࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀィ⏬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ〇㐀ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㛤Ⓨ࡜㈍኎ࠊࡑࡋ࡚࢔ࣇࢱ࣮ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࡛ࡢ฼┈⋓ᚓࡶィ⏬
877

ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏳ౯࡞㌴ࢆᥦ౪ࡋࠊ฼┈ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊูࡢ฼┈⋓ᚓࡢ᪋⟇ࡀィ⏬ࡉࢀࡿẁ㝵࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

⾲ 2: ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ 2012 ᖺᗘࡢ㌴✀ู㈍኎≧ἣ㍍⮬ື㌴: ࣐ࣝࢳ 800ࠊ࢔ࣝࢺࠊA ࢫࢱ࣮ࠊ࣡ࢦࣥ Rࠊ

687,871(79,58)

ᑠᆺ㌴:ࢫ࢖ࣇࢺࠊ࢚ࢫࢸ࢕ࣟࠊࣜࢵࢶ

୰ᆺ㌴:ࢫ࢖ࣇࢺࢹࢨ࢖࢔ࠊSX㸲ࠊ࢚ࢢࢮࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ:࢟ࢨࢩ

176,278(20,46)
188(0,02)ྜィ864,337(100)*ከ┠ⓗ㌴ࡣ㝖ࡃࠋᩘ್ࡣྎᩘ࡛ࠊ࢝ࢵࢥෆࡣ㸣ࢆ♧ࡍࠋฟ඾: ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ 2012 ᖺᗘ Annual Report ࡼࡾసᡂ(3)㘽࡜࡞ࡿࣅࢪࢿࢫࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢ㌿᥮➨㸯࡟ࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࡛࢟ࡣ㛤Ⓨᶵ⬟ࡢ⌧ᆅ໬ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ2002 ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡢ඲♫ࣅࢪࣙࣥ࡟ᑐᛂࡋࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛ࡢࣅࢪࣙࣥࡀసࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࣅࢪࣙࣥࡣࠊࠕᡃࠎࡢ࢚ࣥࢪࢽ࢔ࣜࣥࢢᢏ⬟ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊ㌴ࡢタィ࡜㛤Ⓨࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚࢖ࣥࢻᅜẸ࡟႐ࡧࢆᥦ౪ࡋࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡀࢫࢬ࢟ࡢ᪥ᮏ௨እࡢ࢔ࢪ࢔࡛ࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡢ୰᰾࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠖ(MarutiSuzuki, 2009: 33)ࠋࡇࡢࣅࢪࣙࣥࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ௨ୗࡢ 4 ࡘࡢᡓ␎┠ᶆࡀタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕձ〇ရࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜㛤Ⓨ: ࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ࣮࢝ࠊ᪂ࣔࢹࣝ࡜࣐࢖ࢼ࣮ࢳ࢙ࣥࢪࡢᑟධղ࢚ࣥࢪࢽ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ⬟ຊࡢ㛤Ⓨ: ඲㠃ⓗ࡞࣎ࢹ࢖ኚ᭦ࡢタィ࡜㛤Ⓨ࡟⥆ࡅ࡚ࠊ᪂ࣉࣛࢵ
ࢺ࣮࣒࣍ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜࠺ࠋճࢥࢫࢺ⟶⌮: ࣔࢹࣝ㛤Ⓨ࡟ྜࢃࡏࡓ┠ᶆࢥࢫࢺࡢタᐃմ௦᭰⇞ᩱࡢ㛤Ⓨ: ప᤼ฟ㔞࡜⇞ᩱࡢ⤒῭ᛶ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿᮍ᮶ࡢせㄳ࡬ࡢᑐᛂࠖ(MarutiSuzuki,2009: 33)ࠋࡇࡢ 4 ࡘࡢᡓ␎┠ᶆ㐩ᡂ࡟ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢ᪋⟇ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋձࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ㌴࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ♫ෆ࡛ࡢタィࠊ㛤Ⓨࠊホ౯ࡢᐇ᪋ࠊղ࢚ࣥࢪࢽ࢔ࡢࢺ࣮ࣞ
ࢽࣥࢢ(ᾏእ࡜♫ෆ࡛ࡢᐇ᪋)ࠊճタഛࡢ᭦᪂մᐇ㦂ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࡛࢟ࡣࠊ㌴ࡢࣔࢹࣝኚ᭦࣭࣎ࢹ࢖ኚ᭦ࡢ⬟ຊࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⬟ຊࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊࢫࢱ
࢖ࣜࣥࢢࠊࢡࣞ࢖ࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢࠊCADࠊཎᆺ〇㐀࡜ࡑࡢホ౯⬟ຊࠊࡑࡋ࡚㔠ᆺタィ⬟ຊࡶྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(MarutiSuzuki, 2003)ࠋ2006 ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊࢫ࢖ࣇࢺࡸࢮࣥ࡜࠸࠺ୡ⏺ᡓ␎㌴ࡢタィࢆࠊࢫࢬ࢟ࡢᢏ⾡㒊㛛࡜༠ຊࡋ࡚⾜࠼ࡿࡲ࡛࡟యไࡀᩚഛࡉࢀࠊࢫࢬ࢟ࡢタィ㒊㛛ࡢᾏእ

888ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢ୰᰾࡟ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ(MarutiSuzuki, 2006)ࠋ2011 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 23᪥ࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡣࠊ2017 ᖺ࠿ࡽࡢᑠᆺ㌴㛤Ⓨࡢ㛤ጞࢆබ⾲ࡋࡓ5ࠋᑠᆺ㌴࡟㛵ࡍࡿ౯್࿨㢟ࡣ᫂☜࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࢖ࣥࢻ⌧ᆅࡢ≧ἣ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊඃࢀࡓ㛤Ⓨࡀᐇ⌧࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ୰ᆺ㌴
㛤Ⓨࡣࠊᙜ㠃ࡣ᪥ᮏ࡛㞟୰ⓗ࡟⾜࠺࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ6ࠋ➨㸰࡟ࠊㄪ㐩άື࡛ࡣࠊᙜึࠊ࢖ࣥࢻ⌧ᆅ࡛ࡢࢧࣉࣛ࢖࣮ࣖ⫱ᡂ࡟ᑾຊࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚⌧ᅾࠊ㸱ࡘࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋձࢧࣉࣛ࢖࣮ࣖࡢᩘࢆ๐ῶࡋ࡚ࠊྜ⌮໬ࢆᐇ᪋ࠊղࢧࣉࣛ࢖࣮ࣖࡢ⏕⏘ᛶ࡜ရ㉁ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࠊճࢧࣉࣛ࢖࣮ࣖࡀ⮬ࡽࡢᢏ⾡࡜◊✲㛤Ⓨ⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆዡບࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊඃࢀࡓࢧࣉࣛ࢖࣮ࣖ࡟ⓗࢆ⤠ࡗ࡚ࠊᨭ᥼ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢸ࢕࢔࣮࣡ࣥࡢࢧࣉࣛ࢖࣮ࣖࡣ 252 ♫Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰ࡢ 25 ♫࡛ຮᙉ఍ࠊㅮ
₇఍ࢆࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊရ㉁⟶⌮ࡸࢥࢫࢺ๐ῶࡢᣦᑟࢆ⾜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ(MarutiSuzuki,2011)ࠋࢧࣉࣛ࢖࣮ࣖࡢᶵ⬟㒊ရ㛤Ⓨ࡬ࡢ༠ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠕ࢖ࣥࢻᅜෆࡢࢧࣉࣛ࢖࣮ࣖ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊᢎㄆᅗ᪉ᘧ࡛㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⌧ᆅ࣋ࣥࢲ࣮ࡣࡲࡔタィᅗࢆ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ࡇࢁࡀከ࠸ࠋタഛࡶᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟㛤Ⓨࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࠊ⤒㦂ࡶᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࢧࣉࣛ࢖࣮ࣖ࡟ࡶ㛤Ⓨຊࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ7ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨ࡛ࡢࢧࣉࣛ࢖࣮ࣖ࡬ࡢᨭ᥼ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ୰ᆺ㌴⏝ࡢ㒊ᮦࡢ 1 㒊ࡢㄪ㐩ࡣࠊ࢖ࣥࢻ⌧ᆅ࡛⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣྍ⬟࡞≧ἣ࡟ࡣ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ≧ἣ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࢫࢬ࡛࢟ࡣᾏእㄪ㐩ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆ 2012 ᖺ㸯᭶࡟タ⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝㄪ㐩࡬㌿᥮ࡋࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊୡ⏺ྛᅜࡢࢧࣉࣛ࢖࣮ࣖࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿㄪ㐩ࡢ௙⤌ࡳࡀᩚഛࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ(᪥⤒,b)ࠋࡇࡢయไ࡛ࠊࢥࢫࢺ࡜ရ㉁ࡢ᭱㐺㒊ᮦࢆୡ⏺ྛᅜ࠿ࡽ᥈ࡋฟࡍࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ➨㸱࡟ࠊႠᴗάື࡛ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢࢹ࢕࣮ࣛࡢ㈍኎ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡟ຍ࠼ࠊ⊂⮬ࡢ࣐ࣝࢳ࣭ࢧ
࣮ࣅࢫ࣭࣐ࢫࢱ࣮(Maruti Service Masters)࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᩚഛሙࢳ࢚࣮ࣥࡢ඘ᐇ໬࡟╔ᡭࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(MarutiSuzuki, 2006)ࠋ2003 ᖺ࡟ࡣ㈍኎௦⌮ᗑᩘ 280 ࡛ࠊ182 ࡢ㒔ᕷࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ⥙ࡣࠊ1900 ࡟ࡲ࡛ቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡣࠊ2000 ᖺ௨㝆ࠊ㢳ᐈࢆ㸰ࡘࡢ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢹ࢕࣮ࣛࡶ➨㸯ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㢳ᐈ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࠊ
ࡑࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡసࡾ࡟ᑾຊࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ㔜せ࡞㘽ࡣࠊ฼┈ࢆಖドࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㌴
ࢆ㈍኎ࡍࡿࡢࡣฟⓎⅬ࡟ࡍࡂࡎࠊ㛗ᮇ࡟ࢃࡓࡿ㢳ᐈ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆᣢ⥆ⓗ࡟⥔ᣢࡍࡿୖ࡛ࠊඃ

52011 ᖺ㸶᭶ 13 ᪥ࠊࠗ᪥⤒㏿ሗࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࢔࣮࢝࢖ࣈࢫ࠘ࠋ
࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡢὸ஭ྲྀ⥾ᙺࡢⓎゝࡼࡾࠋ
7 ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡢὸ஭ྲྀ⥾ᙺࡢⓎゝࡼࡾࠋ
6899ࢀࡓࢹ࢕࣮ࣛ⥙ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(MarutiSuzuki, 2003)ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ
ᅜෆႠᴗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࠕ࢖ࣥࢻᕷሙࡢᡂ㛗ࡀ㕌໬ࡋࠊࢽ࣮ࢬࡀከᵝ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊࢹ࢕࣮ࣛࡶ࣐ࣝ
ࢳࡢ㌴ࡔࡅࡢ㈍኎࡛ࡣ‶㊊ࡋ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ࠸ࡘࡲ࡛ࡶࢹ࢕࣮ࣛࢆᙜ࡚࡟ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ⮬♫⊂⮬࡛Ⴀᴗάືࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࠊ㢳ᐈࢽ࣮ࢬࡢ᝟ሗࢆ㞟ࡵࠊႠᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ୰ᆺ㌴ࡢ㈍኎ࡶᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ➨㸯Ṍ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢖ࣥࢻᅜෆ 16 ⟠ᡤ࡟ᆅᇦ஦ົᡤࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢩ࣮࣮࣒ࣙࣝࢆ㸯㝵࡟タࡅࠊ㸰㝵࡟஦ົᡤࢆタࡅࡿࠋᗈࡉࡣ㸳༓ᆤࠋ஦ົᡤࡢ⿬࡟ࡣࠊ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉࢆタࡅ࡚సᴗࡀ⾜࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙜ㠃ࠊ16 ⟠ᡤ୰ 10 ⟠ᡤࢆィ⏬ࡋࠊ⿵⤥㒊ရࡢࢫࢺࢵࢡ࣮ࣖࢻ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠖ8ࠋ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊႠᴗάື㌿᥮ࡢ≉ᚩࡣࠊᙜ㠃ᑠᆺ㌴࡬ࡢᑐᛂ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ୰ᆺ㌴ࢆࡶど㔝࡟ධࢀࡓ㈍኎⥙࡬ࡢ㌿᥮ࡀ㐍⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
➨ 4 ࡟ࠊ⤒Ⴀୖࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࢫࢬ࢟࡜ࠊ⤒Ⴀୖࡢ୍య໬ࡀᙉ໬ࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅗ 1 ࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᏊ఍♫࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡀ⤌ࡳධࢀࡽࢀࠊ≉࡟Ⴀᴗ࡜ᢏ⾡㒊㛛ࡀࢫࢬ࢟ࡢ⟶⌮⤌⧊࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋពᛮỴᐃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⌧ᆅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ᪥ᮏᮏ♫࡟ᐇ㉁ୖ኱ࡁ࡞ᶒ㝈ࡀಖᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ9ࠋᅗ 1:2012 ᖺࢫࢬ࢟⟶⌮⤌⧊ෆࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟㛵ಀ㒊㛛ࡢ఩⨨ᾏእ㸲㍯Ⴀᴗᮏ㒊఍㛗ව♫㛗

㸲㍯࢖ࣥࢻ㒊

⤒Ⴀ௻⏬
ጤဨ఍࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟࢖ࣥࢹ࢕࢔
㸲㍯ᢏ⾡ᮏ㒊࣐ࣝࢳ〇ရ௻⏬㒊࣐ࣝࢳ㌴య࣭ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ㒊࣐ࣝࢳࣃ࣮࣡ࢺࣞ࢖࣭ࣥ㟁⿦タィ㒊ฟ඾: ࠕࢫࢬ࢟఍♫ᴫせ 2012 ᖺࠖࡼࡾసᡂ
89࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡢ୰す♫㛗ࡢⓎゝࡼࡾࠋࢫࢬ࢟఍♫ᴫἣ 2012 ᖺࠊ2011 ᖺ∧ࡢẚ㍑࠿ࡽࠊ⤫ྜࢆᙉ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

90

10

(4)㘽࡜࡞ࡿ⤒Ⴀ㈨※ࡢ㌿᥮➨㸯࡟ࠊ2000 ᖺ௨㝆ࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࡛࢟ࡣேⓗ㈨※ࡢ⬟ຊ㛤Ⓨࢆ✚ᴟ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑᴗဨࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡛ࡣ⪁㱋㏥⫋ᖺ㔠ไᗘࢆᑟධࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᚑᴗဨࡢಙ㢗ឤࢆ㧗ࡵࠊ✚ᴟⓗ࡞௻ᴗᩥ໬ࢆ㔊ᡂࡋ࡚ࠊ91㸣࠿ࡽ 96㸣࡬ฟ໅⋡ࢆ኱ࡁࡃྥୖࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ࣮࣡ࢡࢩࣙࢵࣉ㛤ദ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ඲࡚ࡢᚑᴗဨࡀඹ㏻ࡋࡓࣅࢪࣙࣥࠊ⤒Ⴀ⌮ᛕࢆ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
2004 ᖺᗘ࡟ࡣࠊ⤌ྜ௦⾲ࡀ᪥ᮏ࡬ὴ㐵ࡉࢀࠊぶ఍♫࡬ࡢ⌮ゎಁ㐍ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑᴗဨࡢᩍ⫱カ⦎࡛ࡣࠊᢏ⬟࡜ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ྥୖࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࠊከᵝ࡞カ⦎ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ(MarutiSuzuki,2001)ࠋࡲࡓ୍ᒙࠊ㢳ᐈ࡟↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡗࡓዲᴗ⦼⤌⧊ᵓ⠏࡜௻ᴗෆࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥಁ㐍ࡢࡓࡵࠊᕤሙࡢ඲⟶⌮⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࠊ㈍኎⌧ሙ࡛ࡢᐇົ◊ಟࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2004 ᖺᗘ࡟ࡣࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡀୖ⣭⟶⌮⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ᑟධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(MarutiSuzuki,2006)ࠋ2006 ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊྲྀ⥾ᙺཬࡧୖ⣭⟶⌮⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ᕫ㛤Ⓨ᪉ἲࡢぢ┤ࡋࢆ⾜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ(MarutiSuzuki,2006)ࠋࡲࡓࠊᚑᴗဨ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊࢳ࣮࣒ࣅࣝࢹ࢕
ࣥࢢ࡜ಶேᴗ⦼ࡢྥୖࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡟ࣇ࢓࣑࣮ࣜࢹ࣮ࡸᐙ᪘࡟ࡼࡿᕤሙゼၥ᪥ࢆタࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢡࣜࢣࢵࢺࢳ࣮࣒ࡀ㒊㛛ู࡟సࡽࢀࠊᑐᢠᡓࢆ⾜࠸ࠊぶ╬ࢆᅗࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⮬⏤ཧຍ࡛ࡢࣆࢡࢽࢵࢡࡶ⾜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡢᚑᴗဨࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ♫ෆሗࡶⓎ⾜ࡉࢀࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢಁ㐍ࢆᅗࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ (MarutiSuzuki,2009)ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ
⮬ᚊⓗ࡞⌧ᆅ⤒Ⴀࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ‽ഛࡣ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨㸰 ࡟ࠊ 2008 ᖺ 㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛 ࡢ࢚ࣥࢪࢽ ࢔ࢆ 1000 ே ࡟ࡍࡿィ ⏬ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿ ࡟ࡉࢀࡓ(MarutiSuzuki,2009)ࠋᢸᙜᙺဨࡢὸ஭Ặࡣࠕࡲࡔ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࡛࢟ࡣࠊ㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜࠼ࡿேᮦࡀ༑ศ࡟⫱ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡣ 1000 ே༢఩ࡢேᮦࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣࠊ࡯ࡰ 1000ே࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊྂࡃ࠿ࡽ࠸ࡿࡢࡣ 300 ே⛬ᗘ࡛ࠊṧࡾࡢ 700 ேࡣࡇࡇ㸰㹼㸱ᖺ࡟ධ♫ࡋࡓேᮦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⤒㦂ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃࠊࡇࢀ࠿ࡽタィࡢࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࢆ⵳✚ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢຮᙉࢆࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺࡟ࡣࠊ᫬㛫࡜⤒㦂ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸯࠿ࡽ㛤Ⓨࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࢥ࢔ᢏ⾡࠿ࡽ⵳✚ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡿࠋࠖ10࡜㏙࡭ࠊ඲㠃ⓗ࡞㛤Ⓨࢆጞࡵࡿ࡟ࡣࠊࡲࡔ᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠕ⌧ᅾࠊ㌴ࡢୖ≀ࡢタィࢆࡸࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆࠊᶵ⬟㒊ရࡢ㛤Ⓨࡲ࡛࣐ࣝࢳ࡛⾜࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࣉࣛࢵࢺ࣮࣒࣍ࡢ㛤Ⓨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㒊ศⓗ࡟㛤Ⓨࢆ⾜࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࡓ࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᙜ㠃ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࢫࢬ࢟ᮏ♫࡜༠ຊࡋ୍࡚య࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡲࡓ㛤Ⓨࡢ࡝ࡢ㒊ศࢆࠊ࡝࠺ษࡾศࡅ࡚ᢸᙜࡍࡿ

10࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡢὸ஭ྲྀ⥾ᙺࡢⓎゝࡼࡾࠋ

9111ࡢ࠿ࠊヨ⾜㘒ㄗ᳨࡛ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ11࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢖ࣥࢻ࡛ࡢᑠᆺ㌴㛤Ⓨࡢᮏ᱁໬‽ഛࡣ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡀࠊ୰ᆺ㌴࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
➨ 3 ࡟ࠊୖ⣭⟶⌮⪅ࡢ⌧ᆅ໬ࢆ㐍ࡵࠊ2007 ᖺ 12 ᭶ࠊ⤒Ⴀᇳ⾜ᙺဨ(Managing ExecutiveOfficer)ไᗘࢆᑟධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(MarutiSuzuki,2009)ࠋᅗ 2 ࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠾ࡾࠊ࢖ࣥࢻே࡜᪥
ᮏேࡀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸳ࡘࡢ㒊㛛࡟ᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊྛ㒊㛛ࡢពᛮỴᐃ࡜ᐇ⾜ࡀ⣲᪩ࡃ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ᪥ᮏே࡜࢖ࣥࢻேࡀ 2 ே࡛ྛ㒊㛛ࡢ⟶⌮ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ᪥ᮏேᇳ⾜ᙺဨࡢከࡃࡣྲྀ⥾ᙺࢆව௵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏே⟶⌮⪅ࡀ㔜せ࡞఩⨨ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࠊႠᴗࠊ⏕⏘࡜タィ࣭㛤Ⓨࡢྛ㒊㛛࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢫࢬ࢟࡜ࡢ┦஫ㄪᩚࡢࡓࡵ࡜᥎ㄽ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࣐ࣝࢳ
ࢫࢬ࢟♫㛗୰すẶࡣࠊࢫࢬ࢟ࡢᑗ᮶ࡢ⤒Ⴀ㝕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕᑗ᮶ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࢫࢬ࢟ᮏ♫ࡢྲྀ⥾ᙺ࡟࢖ࣥࢻேࡀධࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡶࢫࢬ࢟ࡶࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡞➇த࡛⏕ࡁṧࢀ࡞࠸ࠖ12࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⟶⌮⪅ࡢ⌧ᆅ໬ࡣ༑ศ࡞ẁ㝵࡟ࡣ฿㐩ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ

ᅗ 2: ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡢ 2009 ᖺᗘ⤒Ⴀᇳ⾜⟶⌮⪅ࡢ࢖ࣥࢻே࣭᪥ᮏேࡢ㓄⨨≧ἣ఍♫㛗㛗⟶⌮㒊㛛࢖ࣥࢻே 3 ேࠊ᪥ᮏே 1 ேႠᴗ㒊㛛࢖ࣥࢻே㸰ேࠊ᪥ᮏேྲྀ⥾ᙺව௵ 11 ேே࢖ࣥࢻே㸰ேࠊ᪥ᮏேྲྀ⥾ᙺව௵〇㐀㒊㛛࢖ࣥࢻே 3 ேࠊ᪥ᮏேྲྀ⥾ᙺව௵ 1 ேタィ࣭㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛࢖ࣥࢻே㸰ேࠊ᪥ᮏேྲྀ⥾ᙺව௵ 1 ே㉎㈙㒊㛛

࢖ࣥࢻே 1 ேࠊ᪥ᮏே 1 ேฟ඾: ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ᥦ♧ࡢ㈨ᩱࡼࡾసᡂ

1112

࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡢὸ஭ྲྀ⥾ᙺࡢⓎゝࡼࡾࠋ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟࢖ࣥࢱࣅ࣮࡛ࣗࡢ୰す♫㛗ࡢⓎゝࡼࡾࠋ92

12

4. ⪃ᐹ

➨㸯࡟౯್࿨㢟࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㍍࣭ᑠᆺ㌴࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᫂☜࡞౯್࿨㢟ࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊ
ࠕᑠ࣭ᑡ࣭㍍࣭▷࣭⨾ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⤒Ⴀ᪉㔪࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ௚᪉ࠊ୰ᆺ㌴࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ౯್࿨㢟ࡣࠊࡲࡔ᫂☜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࢫࢬ࡛࢟ࡢ୰ᆺ㌴࢟ࢨࢩࡢ㛤Ⓨࡣࠊᚑ᮶࡜኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࠕࡲࡔయไᅛࡵࡢẁ㝵ࠖ࡜ࡢㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡾ༑ศ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㛤Ⓨࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿࢫࢬ࡛࢟ࡣࠊ୰ᆺ㌴ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞౯್࿨㢟ࡢᶍ⣴ࡀጞࡲࡗࡓẁ㝵࡛࠶ࡾࠊᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞㛤Ⓨ࣭⏕⏘࡬ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡣࠊᶍ⣴ࡢ᫬㛫ࡀ௒ᚋࡶᚲせ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ᪂ࡓ࡞୰ᆺ㌴ࡢ౯್࿨㢟ࡣࠊヨ⾜㘒ㄗࡢ⤒㦂࠿ࡽᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࡓࡵࠊ௒ᚋࠊ᫬㛫࡜㛗ᮇⓗ࡞㈨※ࡢᢞධࡀ୙ྍ
Ḟ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ(㔝୰,2012)ࠋ
➨㸰࡟ࠊ฼┈᪉⛬ᘧ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠕᕤሙ࡟ࡣ࢝ࢿࡀⴠࡕ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠕϨ㒊ရࠊ1 ࢢࣛ
࣒㍍ࡃࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ1 ෇పῶࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮࠿ࡽᙧᡂࡉࢀࠊ〇㐀ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛ࡢᚭᗏࡋࡓ↓㥏᤼㝖ࡀ฼┈ࡢ※Ἠ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢ฼┈᪉⛬ᘧࡣ㍍࣭ᑠᆺ㌴ࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹ
ࣝ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ୰ᆺ㌴ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡣᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㌴ࡢ㒊ရࢆ㍍㔞໬ࡋ〇㐀⌧ሙࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞୰ᆺ㌴ࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᑐᛂ࡛
ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㍍࣭ᑠᆺ㌴ࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡀ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶ㔜どࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡀ฼┈᪉⛬ᘧࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ୰ᆺ㌴ࡢ฼┈᪉⛬ᘧ࡟ࠊ㍍࣭ᑠᆺ㌴ࡢ฼┈᪉⛬ᘧࡀ㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀ᪂ࡓ࡞฼┈᪉⛬ᘧࡢ㜼ᐖせᅉ࡟࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
➨ 3 ࡟ࠊ㘽࡜࡞ࡿࣅࢪࢿࢫࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟㛵ࡋࠊᾏእ࡛ࡢ஦ᴗᒎ㛤࡬ࡢ᪩ᮇࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣࠕ࡝ࡇࡢᅜ࡛ࡶ࠸࠸࠿ࡽ 1 ␒࡟࡞ࡾࡓ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺㕥ᮌಟẶࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ࢖ࣥࢻᕷሙ࡛ࡣࠊ୰ᆺ㌴ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓ〇㐀ࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀ㔜どࡉࢀࠊᚭᗏࡋࡓ↓㥏ࡢ᤼㝖ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᕤሙ┘ᰝࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ〇㐀ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊࠕ㔜ຊ࡜ගࡣࢱࢲࠖ➼ࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡓᡓ␎ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡜⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟㛵ࡋ㕥ᮌಟẶࡢ⮬ఏ࠿ࡽࡣࠊࡑࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ㛤Ⓨ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ㘽࡜࡞ࡿࣅࢪࢿࢫࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡜ࡉࢀࡎࠊ㍍どࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓ࡜᥎ㄽ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ≉࡟୰ᆺ㌴㛤Ⓨࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡛ࡣ㐜ࢀࠊᥦᦠࡍࡿ GM ➼ࡢᨭ᥼࡟㢗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ୰ᆺ㌴ࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡢᙧᡂࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᑠ
ᆺ㌴㛤Ⓨࡢ⌧ᆅ໬࡟␃ࡲࡾࠊ୰ᆺ㌴㛤Ⓨࡣ᪥ᮏ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࡟␃ࡲࡗࡓ࡜᥎ㄽ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡋ࠿
ࡋࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢ୰ᆺ㌴㛤Ⓨ࡛ࡣࠊ࢖ࣥࢻ⌧ᆅᕷሙࡢከᵝ࡞ࢽ࣮ࢬࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿ࡟ࡣ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ➇ྜ࣓࣮࣮࢝ࡀ࢖ࣥࢻ⌧ᆅࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ୰ᆺ㌴㛤Ⓨࢆィ⏬ࡍࡿ୰ࠊ୰ᆺ㌴㛤Ⓨࡀ9313᪥ᮏ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮࡜ࡣู࡟ࠊ᪂ࡓ࡟⤌⧊ෆ㊥㞳(Organizational internaldistance)ࡢၥ㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ13ࠋࢤ࣐࣡ࢵࢺ(Ghemawat,2011)ࡣࠊ◊✲㛤Ⓨάື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᾏእ⌧ᆅ࡟㐺ࡋࡓ〇ရࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⌧ᆅ࡟ᙺ❧ࡘࠊὙ⦎ࡉࢀࡓ๰㐀ᛶ(informed creativity)ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⌧ᆅ࡛ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ୙ྍḞ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ୰ᆺ㌴ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀ㍍࣭ᑠᆺ㌴㛤Ⓨ㔜ど࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐜ࢀࠊࡲࡓ㍍࣭ᑠᆺ㌴ࡢ౯್࿨㢟ࡀࠊ㒊ศⓗ࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࢫ࢖ࣇࢺࢹࢨ࢖࢔➼࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ᑠᆺ㌴ࡼࡾࡶᑡࡋ኱ࡁ࠸㌴ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࠊ㛤Ⓨࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛ࡶࠊ
ࠕᑠ࣭ᑡ࣭㍍࣭▷࣭⨾ࠖࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄪ㐩㒊㛛࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢫࢬ࢟♫ෆ࡟ᾏእㄪ㐩ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࠋ㒊ᮦㄪ㐩࡛ࡢつᶍࡢ⤒῭ᛶᐇ⌧ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୰ᆺ㌴ࡢ㒊ရㄪ㐩࡛ࡣࠊᙜ㠃ࠊつᶍࡢ⤒῭ᛶࡢຠᯝࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㈝⏝๐ῶຠᯝࡣ୰ᆺ㌴࡟㛵ࡋ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋ
㏫࡟ࢥࢫࢺ๐ῶࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ࠊ㍍࣭ᑠᆺ㌴࡛฼⏝ࡍࡿ㒊ᮦࢆ୰ᆺ㌴࡟฼⏝ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚㍍࣭ᑠᆺ㌴࡟㛵ࡍࡿᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡣ㒊ᮦㄪ㐩࡟ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࠊ୰ᆺ㌴ࡢ㒊ᮦ㛤Ⓨࡀ㈝⏝๐ῶ┠ⓗ࡛ࠊṍࡵࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡲࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚⟶⌮ୖࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛ࡣࠊᅗ 1 ࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜ࡢ୍య࡜࡞ࡗࡓ
⤒Ⴀయไࡀᙉ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㺀ࢺࢵࣉࢲ࢘ࣥࡣࢥࢫࢺࢲ࢘ࣥ㺁ࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡀᙳ㡪ࡋࡓࡓࡵ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡢࢫࢬ࢟࡜ࡢ⤒Ⴀୖࡢ⤫ྜࡀ୍ᒙ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟࡟ࡼࡿ࢖ࣥࢻ⌧ᆅᕷሙ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࠊ୰ᆺ㌴ࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝᙧᡂ࡟ࡣ᪥ᮏཬࡧ᪥ᮏே୰ᚰࡢࢺ
ࢵࣉࢲ࢘ࣥࡢពᛮỴᐃ࡛ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⌧ᆅࢽ࣮ࢬ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋពᛮỴᐃୖ࡛ࡣࠊ⤌⧊ෆ㊥㞳ࡢၥ㢟ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ
➨ 4 ࡟ࠊ㘽࡜࡞ࡿ㈨※࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㕥ᮌಟẶࡢ⮬ఏ࠿ࡽࡣᢏ⾡࡜ேᮦ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡣ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋேⓗ㈨※࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㕥ᮌಟẶࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ᭱኱ࡢၥ㢟ࡣࠊேᮦࡢ୙㊊࡛ࡍࠋ⚾ࡓࡕࡢ఍♫ࡣࠊࢃࡁ┠ࡶ᣺ࡽࡎࠊ๓ࢆྥ࠸࡚㉮ࡾ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓ఍♫࡛ࡍࠋ࣭࣭࣭ࠋࡸࡣࡾࠊࡶࡗ࡜᪩ࡃேᮦࢆ⫱࡚࡚࠾ࡃ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡋࡓࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ኱༞ࡢᢏ⾡⪅࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊ୍ே๓࡟࡞ࡿ࡟ࡣ 12 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 15 ᖺ࠿࠿ࡾࡲࡍࠋ኎ୖ㧗 1 ඙෇ࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ḟࡢ㣕㌍࡟ഛ࠼ࡓつᶍࡢ᥇⏝ࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡅࡤࠊ࠸ࡲࡣᙼࡽࡀ୰᰾࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡣࡎ࡛ࡍࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡢ࡜ࡁࡣ఍♫ࡀࡇࢇ࡞࡟኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ࡣ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ௒ࡢ㝕ᐜ࡛㊊ࡾࡿࡔ

13⤌⧊ෆ㊥㞳ࡣࠊ≀⌮ⓗ࡞㊥㞳࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞㊥㞳ឤぬࡢᏑᅾࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿ⏝ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Ghemawat, 2011㸧ࠋࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ௻ᴗ࡛ࡣࠊᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞㝸ࡓࡾࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀ≧ἣ⌮ゎࢆ㜼ᐖࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

9414ࢁ࠺࡜⪃࠼࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᮍ⇍ࡉࢆ཯┬ࡍࡿࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛ࡍࠖ (㕥ᮌ,2009,9 㡫)ࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ2000 ᖺ௨㝆ேᮦ㛤Ⓨࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࡛࢟ࡣጞࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᵝࠎ࡞⟶⌮⪅◊ಟࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࠊ⤒Ⴀᇳ⾜ᙺဨ࡟࢖ࣥࢻே⟶⌮⪅ࢆⓏ⏝ࠊ⌧ᆅࡢ≧ἣኚ໬࡟⣲᪩ࡃỴᐃࡋࠊᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿయไࡀࡼ࠺ࡸࡃᑟධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ࢖ࣥࢻᕷሙࡢ➇த⃭໬ࡢ୰ࠊ㈍኎࣭〇㐀ࡢ⌧ሙࡢ▱㆑ࠊ᝟ሗࡀ㔜せᛶࢆቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢖ࣥࢻᕷሙࡢࢽ࣮ࢬ࡟᥋ࡋࡑࢀࢆ〇ရ࡟཯ᫎࡉࡏࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ⌧ᆅࡢேᮦ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࠋேᮦࡢ⌧ᆅ໬ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ
ᅗ 1 ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࡛࢟ྲྀ⥾ᙺࢆව௵ࡍࡿࡢࡣ᪥ᮏே⤒Ⴀ㝕࡟␃ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

5. ⤖ㄽࢫࢬ࢟ࡢ⌧ᅾࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡣࠊ㕥ᮌಟẶࡢ౯್ほ࡜⤒㦂࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡓᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࢆᇶ࡟ࡋࡓ㍍࣭ᑠᆺ㌴ࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡣࠊࢫࢬ࢟࠾ࡼࡧ࣐ࣝࢳ
ࢫࢬ࢟♫ෆ࡟ᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡢ୰ᆺ㌴ࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡢᙧᡂ≧ἣࢆ୰ᚰ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ㕥ᮌಟẶࡢᙧᡂࡋࡓᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡀᙉࡃᙳ㡪ࡋࠊ୰ᆺ㌴ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝᙧᡂࡀ༑ศࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ≧ἣࡣࠕኚ␗ࡢᢚᅽࠖ≧ἣ࡜⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ᪂ࡓ࡞ࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝᐇ⌧࡟ࡣࠊ୰ᆺ㌴࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ࡢᶍ⣴ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉࡟౯್࿨㢟ࡢ᫂☜໬ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟
ࡣࠊヨ⾜㘒ㄗࡢ᫬㛫࡜㈨※ᢞධࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢヨ⾜㘒ㄗࢆ୺ᑟࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊ➨ 2 ᅗ࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿ 4 ேࡢ௦⾲ᶒࢆᣢࡘ๪♫㛗࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ⤒Ⴀ௻⏬ጤဨ఍ࡀ㘽࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ᪂ࡓ࡞ᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ᙧᡂࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௚᪉ࠊ୰ᆺ㌴ࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⤌⧊ෆ㊥㞳࡜࠸࠺ูࡢၥ㢟ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋᾏእࡢ➇ྜ࣓࣮࣮࢝࡜ࡢ➇த⃭໬ࡢ୰ࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡀ୰ᆺ㌴㛤Ⓨ࡛ࠊὙ⦎ࡉࢀࡓ๰㐀ᛶࡀⓎ᥹࡛ࡁ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊ࢖ࣥࢻᕷሙ࡛ࡢࢩ࢙࢔☜ಖࡣᅔ㞴࡜᥎ㄽ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⤒Ⴀ㝕ࡢ⌧ᆅ໬ࡣ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࡛࢟ࡶጞࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࢫࢬ࢟࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࡣࠊ⤌⧊ୖࡢ⤫ྜࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࢫࢬ࢟ࡢྲྀ⥾ᙺ఍࡬ࡶࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟ࡢ᪥ᮏே♫㛗ࡀཧຍࡍࡿࡢ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡶ⤌⧊ෆ㊥㞳ୖࡢၥ㢟ࡀᣦ᦬࡛ࡁࡓࠋ࢖ࣥࢻ⌧ᆅࡢ≧ἣࢆࠊࢫࢬ࢟⤒Ⴀ㝕ࡀ㐺ᐅࠊṇ☜࡟ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ࢖ࣥࢻ⌧ᆅ࡛ࡢᕷሙᑐᛂ࡟㐜ࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ୰ᆺ㌴࡟㛵ࡍࡿᨭ㓄ⓗㄽ⌮ᙧᡂ࡟ࡣࠊ⤌⧊ෆ㊥㞳ࢆ▷ࡃࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⌧ᆅ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ୰ᆺ㌴ࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡣࠊ࣐ࣝࢳࢫࢬ࢟⤒Ⴀ㝕ࡢ⌧ᆅ໬࡜ᶒ㝈ጤㆡࡢ᥎㐍ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ

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㔝୰㑳ḟ㑻࣭ᚨᒸ᫭୍㑻(2012㸧ࠗࣅࢪࢿࢫࣔࢹࣝ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࠘ࠊᮾὒ⤒῭᪂ሗ♫ࠋ㕥ᮌಟ(2009㸧ࠗನࡣ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢ࠾ࡸࡌ࠘ࠊ᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺♫ࠋࢫࢬ࢟ᰴᘧ఍♫ a(2011ࠊ2012㸧ࠗ఍♫ᴫἣ࠘ࠊࢫࢬ࢟ᰴᘧ఍♫ࠋࢫࢬ࢟ᰴᘧ఍♫ b(2011ࠊ2012㸧ࠗ᭷౯ドๆሗ࿌᭩࠘ࠊࢫࢬ࢟ᰴᘧ఍♫ࠋ᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺(a2011 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 16 ᪥௜ࠊb2012 ᖺ 1 ᭶ 14 ᪥௜㸧᪥ᮏ⤒῭᪂⪺♫ࠋ᪥⤒⏘ᴗ᪂⪺(2010 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 1 ᪥௜㸧9717