★★★ ＜第32回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第17回和文英訳】＞ ★★★
≪１級課題 -電気・電子工学-≫【問 1】
1.
A cardiothoracic ratio calculation apparatus for calculating a
cardiothoracic ratio, based on a chest X-ray image,the cardiothoracic ratio calculation apparatus comprising:a measurement position estimation unit configured to estimate alung right-edge position, a lung left-edge position, a heart right-edge position,
and a heart left-edge position in the chest X-ray image; anda cardiothoracic ratio calculation unit configured to calculate a
cardiothoracic ratio, based on the estimated lung right-edge position, lungleft-edge position, heart right-edge position, and heart left-edge position,
whereinthe measurement position estimation unit divides the chest X-ray
image into a plurality of horizontal regions, detects a candidate for the lungright-edge position and a candidate for the lung left-edge position in eachhorizontal region, based on pixel values, and detects a candidate for theheart right-edge position and a candidate for the heart left-edge position ineach horizontal region, based on differential values of the pixel values in ahorizontal direction, andthe measurement position estimation unit extracts a specific one of
the horizontal regions, based on a distance between a lung midpoint
determined from the candidate for the lung right-edge position and thecandidate for the lung left-edge position and a heart midpoint determinedfrom the candidate for the heart right-edge position and the candidate for theheart left-edge position or based on a ratio of the distance to a lung width
determined from the candidate for the lung right-edge position and thecandidate for the lung left-edge position, and estimates the candidate for thelung right-edge position, the candidate for the lung left-edge position, thecandidate for the heart right-edge position, and the candidate for the heartleft-edge position in the extracted horizontal region to be the lung right-edge
position, the lung left-edge position, the heart right-edge position, and theheart left-edge position.
2.
The cardiothoracic ratio calculation apparatus according to claim 1,
whereinhigher,on condition that a pixel value is larger as X-ray transmittance isthe measurement position estimation unit detects, as the candidate
for the lung right-edge position, a position having a minimum pixel value inan area within a predetermined range from a right end of each horizontalregion, andthe measurement position estimation unit detects, as the candidate
for the lung left-edge position, a position having a minimum pixel value in anarea within a predetermined range from a left end of each horizontal region.
3.
The cardiothoracic ratio calculation apparatus according to claim 1 or2, wherein
the measurement position estimation unit detects, as the candidate
for the heart right-edge position, a position having a maximum differential
value in a negative direction between the candidate for the lung right-edge
position and the candidate for the lung left-edge position in each horizontal
region, andthe measurement position estimation unit detects, as the candidate
for the heart left-edge position, a position having a maximum differential
value in a positive direction between the candidate for the lung right-edge
position and the candidate for the lung left-edge position in each horizontal
region.
【問 2】
A technology called a blockchain has been known. This technology
is a mechanism that synchronizes identical records among multiple nodes on
a network, and is called a blockchain since blocks as recording units areadded one after another in the form of a chain while each block takes thecontent (hash) of its immediately preceding block in adding a new record to
an existing record. In general, the term “blockchain” may refer to a
structure of a database including blocks linked in the form of a chain. Theterm “blockchain” may also be used in a broader sense involving, for example,a mechanism that works as a P2P network and a mechanism for approving
transactions. The definition of the term “blockchain” therefore remains
unclear at present. To distinguish between the two meanings, hence, theterm “blockchain”, as used herein, refers to the former, narrower meaning,
while the term “blockchain technology”, as used herein, refers to the latter,broader meaning.
Blockchain technology has many advantages such as zero downtime,difficulty in falsification, and low cost. Attention is therefore being given to
blockchain technology as methods for managing information on various
assets as transactions, besides cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin and its
derivative currencies. For example, Non-Patent Literature 1 describes thata blockchain which can play an important role in establishing reliability isused for proof of existence of various documents and identity verification.
Blockchain technology includes mainly a public node method and a
private node method. The public node method allows anyone to participate
as a node on a network, while the private node method allows only anauthorized person to participate as a node on a network.
【問 3】Upon occurrence of backfire
In the burner 100, upon occurrence of the backfire R from the burnerelement 15, the thermally expansive member 22 thermally expands toward
its inner peripheral side in response to the heat of the backfire R to turn intoa thermally expansive member 222 with a hole 22H closed as illustrated in
FIG. 3(B).
As a result, since the hole 22H in the thermally expansive member
222 (22) is closed, the heat of the backfire R and the ultraviolet light Lemitted by the flames F produced by the burner element 15 are less likely toreach the flame detection sensor 23.
In this embodiment, for example, a controller (not illustrated) isconfigured to determine that the burner 100 operates normally when theflame detection sensor 23 detects the ultraviolet light L, and is configured todetermine that a backfire or a misfire has occurred when the amount of theultraviolet light L detected by the flame detection sensor 23 is not more thana set threshold value (including zero).
As a result, the controller determines that a misfire or a backfire hasoccurred in the burner 100 when no ultraviolet light L is emitted due to a
misfire in the burner 100, when the flame detection sensor 23 no longer
detects the ultraviolet light L due to the thermal expansion of the thermallyexpansive member 22 as illustrated in FIG. 3(B), or when the amount of thedetected ultraviolet light L is not more than the threshold value.