﹁鳴門の渦潮﹂世界遺産登録学術調査報告書 〜文化編〜「鳴門の渦潮」世界遺産登録学術調査報告書〜文化編〜vol.2

vol.2
平成 年

31

月

4

﹁鳴門の渦潮﹂世界遺産登録学術調査委員会

平成 31 年 4 月「鳴門の渦潮」世界遺産登録学術調査委員会

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ゝ

ࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ

₻ࠖୡ⏺㑇⏘Ⓩ㘓Ꮫ⾡ㄪᰝጤဨ఍
ጤဨ㛗ᮏሗ࿌᭩ࡣࠊᚨᓥ┴࡜රᗜ┴ࡀ┠ᣦࡍࠊ㬆㛛ࡢ㔠⏣❶⿱₻ࡢୡ⏺㑇⏘Ⓩ㘓࡟ྥࡅࠊࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖୡ⏺㑇⏘Ⓩ㘓Ꮫ⾡ㄪᰝጤဨ఍ࡀ୺ദࡋࡓᏛ⾡ㄪᰝጤဨ఍ጤဨ࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲ሗ࿌㞟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖹᡂᖺ᭶࡟ࠊୡ⏺㑇⏘Ⓩ㘓Ꮫ⾡ㄪᰝ᳨ウጤဨ఍࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲ሗ࿌㸦ࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖୡ⏺

㑇⏘Ⓩ㘓Ꮫ⾡ㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩㹼ᩥ໬⦅㹼㸧㸦௨ୗࠕᏛ⾡ㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ㸧ࡀห⾜ࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏሗ࿌᭩ࡣࠊᏛ⾡ㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩࡟࠾࠸࡚⿵඘ࡍ࡭ࡁෆᐜࡸㄪᰝࡢ⢭ᰝࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᖹᡂᖺ᭶࠿ࡽㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓෆᐜࢆ࡜ࡾࡲ࡜ࡵࡓ
ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ጤဨࡣ㔠⏣❶⿱㸦ጤဨ㛗㸧࣭⸭⏣㈏࣭⚟ᐙΎྖࡢྡ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᖹᡂᖺ᭶࠿ࡽู⾲࡟ᥖࡆࡿྡࡢᑓ㛛ጤဨ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ㏣ຍࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࠊᖹᡂᖺ᭶ࠊྠᖺ᭶ࡢ୰㛫ሗ࿌ࢆ⤒࡚ࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓㄪᰝ◊✲ࡢᡂᯝࡀᮏሗ࿌᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᮏሗ࿌᭩ࡢෆᐜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᅜෆ㢮ఝ㈨⏘࡜ࡢẚ㍑ࠊᅜእ㢮ఝ㈨⏘࡜ࡢẚ㍑ࠊ㌷஦ⓗ࡞ไ⣙ࡢ୰࡛ࡢほගᆅ࣭㬆㛛ࡢⓎᒎࠊ㏆ୡ㬆㛛ࡢ⏕ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏሗ࿌᭩࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᅜෆእࡢ㢮ఝ㈨⏘࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖࡢᩥ໬㠃࡛ࡢඃ఩ᛶࠊ㬆㛛ࡢ⏕ᴗࡸほග㠃࡛ࡢⓎᒎࡢ㐣⛬ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ

−1−

ู

⾲

‫ࠕ ڦ‬㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖୡ⏺㑇⏘Ⓩ㘓Ꮫ⾡ㄪᰝጤဨ఍ጤဨྡ⡙㸦ᖹᡂᖺ᭶᪥⌧ᅾ㸧

ጤ ဨ 㛗

㔠⏣

❶⿱

ி㒔ᗓ❧ி㒔Ꮫ࣭Ṕᙬ㤋㤋㛗㸭ி㒔኱Ꮫྡ㄃ᩍᤵ

ጤ

ဨ

⸭⏣

㈏

රᗜ┴❧Ṕྐ༤≀㤋㤋㛗

ጤ

ဨ

⚟ᐙ

Ύྖ

බ┈㈈ᅋἲேᚨᓥ┴ᇙⶶᩥ໬㈈ࢭࣥࢱ࣮⌮஦㛗

ᑓ㛛ጤဨ

኱ஂಖ
బ⸨

⣧୍
ṇᚿ

ᅜ❧ṔྐẸ಑༤≀㤋ᩍᤵᦤ༡኱Ꮫᩍᤵ

࣮ࣔࢺࣥᖖឿ

ᚨᓥ኱Ꮫᩍ㣴ᩍ⫱㝔෸ᩍᤵ㔠ཎᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ㄢ㛗⿵బ

♸ᶞ

−2−

┠

ḟ

ᗎ

ゝ

㸯
㸰
㸱

Ụᡞ᫬௦ࡢࠗほ₻グ࠘➼࡟ぢࡿࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ ₻ࠖ㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃⚟ᐙ Ύྖ㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ㏆ୡ⤮⏬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㬆㛛ᾏᓙ௨እࡢ ₻ࡢ⤮⏬໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃኱ஂಖ⣧୍㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃 ୡ⏺୰࡛ ₻⌧㇟ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿሙᡤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ
ᩥ໬ⓗཬࡧṔྐⓗ◊✲㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃࣮ࣔࢺࣥᖖឿ㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㬆㛛せሰ࡜ῐ㊰㕲㐨㸫ࠕほගᆅ࣭㬆㛛ࠖⓎᒎࡢไ⣙࡜ಁ㐍㸫㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃బ⸨ ṇᚿ㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㬆㛛᧙㣴ࡢሷᴗ࡜⸄࣭ᯇⴥࡢᒣ✌ࡂ㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㔠ཎ ♸ᶞ㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㸲㸳㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃㺃ࠉ࠙ཧ⪃㸸ࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖୡ⏺㑇⏘Ⓩ㘓Ꮫ⾡ㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩㹼ᩥ໬⦅㹼㸦ᖹᡂᖺ᭶㸧ࡢᵓᡂ㸧ࠚ➨㸯㒊ྡᡤࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ ₻ࠖࡢᡂ❧㸯 ཎጞ࣭ྂ௦࣭୰ୡࡢ㬆㛛ᾏᓙ㸰 ྂ඾ᩥᏛ࡟ᥥ࠿ࢀࡿࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ ₻ࠖ㸱 Ụᡞ᫬௦⤮⏬࡟ᥥ࠿ࢀࡓ㬆㛛ᾏᓙ㸲 ྂᆅᅗ࣭⤮ᅗ࡟ࡳࡿࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ ₻ࠖ➨㸯㒊ࠕྡᡤࠗ㬆㛛ࡢ ₻࠘ࡢᡂ❧ࠖࡢᴫせ➨㸰㒊ྡᡤࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ ₻ࠖ࡜㜿Ἴ࣭ῐ㊰㸳 ᚨᓥ⸬⻏㡲㈡ᐙࡢ㬆㛛ᾏᓙᨭ㓄㸴 ኱ᆏ࠿ࡽ㜿Ἴ࣭ᚨᓥ࡬ࡢ ᮶࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
㸫Ώᾏࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ࡜ࠕ㬆㛛ࠖぢ≀ࡢ᪑ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸫㸵 ࠗ㬆㛛㎶㞟࠘࡟ࡳࡿ୍ඵୡ⣖ᮎࡢ㬆㛛࣭᧙㣴ᆅᇦ㸫㬆㛛ᾏᓙࢆࡢࡒࡴ኱ẟᒣࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸫㸶 ୡ⣖࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᧙㣴‖ࡢⓎᒎ࡜ῐ㊰ᘔ⯪➨㸰㒊ࠕྡᡤࠗ㬆㛛ࡢ ₻࠘࡜㜿Ἴ࣭ῐ㊰ࠖࡢᴫせ➨㸱㒊ྡᡤࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ ₻ࠖ࡜⏘ᴗ㸷 㬆㛛ᾏᓙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⁺ᴗ࡜㬆㛛ࡢ⁺Ẹ㸫ࠕ㬆㛛 㪉ࠖ࡜ࠕ㬆㛛 ࢃ࠿ࡵࠖ㸫 ῐ㊰ᓥ࡜㬆㛛ᕷᇦࡢሷᴗ㸫ᅵჾ〇 ሷ࠿ࡽ⌧௦ࡢ ሷᴗࡲ࡛㸫 㬆㛛ᕷᇦࡢ〇⸆ᴗ㸫᫂἞᫬௦࠿ࡽ᫛࿴ึᮇࡲ࡛࡟ⓎᒎࡋࡓⱞỒᕤ ᴗࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸫➨㸱㒊ࠕྡᡤࠗ㬆㛛ࡢ ₻࠘࡜⏘ᴗࠖࡢᴫせ➨㸲㒊ྡᡤࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ ₻ࠖࡢᒎ㛤 㜿Ἴ࡜ῐ㊰ࡢேᙧί⍠⍵ ࠕほගᆅ࣭㬆㛛ࠖࡢᙧᡂ࣭Ⓨᒎ࡜࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ ᪥ᮏ㏆⌧௦ᩥᏛసရ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㬆㛛࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡢ๰ฟ࡜ኚᐜ
㸫ྡ຾࣭ෑ㝤࣭኱⾗࣐ࣟࣥ㸫 ࢚ࣔࣛࢫࡀࡳࡓࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ ₻ࠖ㸫㢼ᬒㄽࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ㸫 すὒேࡢ┠࠿ࡽࡳࡓࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ ₻ࠖ➨㸲㒊ࠕྡᡤࠗ㬆㛛ࡢ ₻࠘ࡢᒎ㛤ࠖࡢᴫせ

−3−

⚟ᐙ Ύྖ
ᑠᓥ ᫂Ꮚ
኱ஂಖ⣧୍
ᖹ஭ ᯇ༗
㔠⏣ ❶⿱

᰿ὠ

ᑑኵ

ᯇỌ

཭࿴

⏫⏣
᳃ᮏ
⸭⏣

ဴ
ᗄᏊ
㈏

☾ᮏ

ᏹ⣖

ᑠᶫ

㟹

ᑠᶫ
⸭⏣

㟹
㈏

኱࿴
బ⸨

Ṋ⏕
ṇᚿ

➲ᑿ ె௦
ᐑᓮ 㝯⩏
࣮ࣔࢺࣥᖖឿ⸭⏣㈏

−5−Ụᡞ᫬௦ࡢࠗほ₻グ࠘➼࡟ぢࡿࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ

₻ࠖ
⚟ᐙ

Ύྖ

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
㬆㛛ᕷྐ⦅⧩ጤဨ఍࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᫛࿴ 46 ᖺ࡟ห⾜ࡉࢀࡓࠗ㬆㛛ᕷྐู࠘ᕳ ௨ୗࠊูᕳ࡜␎⛠ ࡣࠊ㬆㛛࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩥⱁసရࢆ཰㘓ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢసရࡣ┠ḟ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊࠕ⤮⏬ 51 ࠖ
ࠕ࿴ḷ 459 ࠖࠕ≬ḷ 48 ࠖ
ࠕತྃ 1282 ࠖࠕ㞧ತᕝᰗ 54 ࠖࠕ≬ྃ 2 ࠖࠕ₎リ 279 ࠖࠕ⌧௦リ 24 ࠖࠕḷㅴ࣭Ẹㅴ 31 ࠖࠕḷㅴ᭤ 21 ࠖࠕ₎ᩥ 25 ࠖࠕ㝶➹࣭᱌ෆグ࡞࡝ 44 ࠖࠕ⣖⾜࣭᪥グ࡞࡝ 52 ࠖࠕ≀ㄒ࣭ᑠㄝ࡞࡝ 15 ࠖ࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ㜿Ἴ࣭ᚨᓥ┴ே࡜ࡑࢀ௨እࡢ඲ᅜ࣭እᅜேࡢస⪅➼࡟༊ศࡉࢀࡿࠋ⥲సရᩘࡣ⭾኱࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ୙ヲ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ
ཧ⪃ࡲ࡛࡟┠ḟࡢ㡯┠ᩘࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊୖグࡢᩘᏐ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶ࠸࠿࡟⭾኱࡞సရࡀ཰㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡀᐜ᫆࡟᥎ᐹ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⭾኱࡞㬆㛛࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩥⱁసရࢆ஦ᐇୖ⊂ຊ࡛཰㞟ࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞⦅⪅࡛࠶ࡗࡓᒾᮧṊຬẶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋẶ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠕ㬆㛛࡟⏕ࡲࢀ㬆㛛࡟⫱ࡗࡓࢃࡓࡃࡋ
ࡣࠊ㬆㛛ࡢ⮬↛⨾ࡀᩥேࡸ⏬ᐙࡢ┠࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᫎࡌ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾲⌧ࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡑ
ࡢసရࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸࡜୕༑ᖺ࡯࡝๓࡟ᛮ࠸ࡘࡁࠊࡑࡢᚋᶵ఍࠶ࡿࡈ࡜࡟సရࡢᥖ㍕ࡏࡽࢀࡓྂ௒ࡢ᭩≀ࢆ㉎ධࡋࡓࡾࠊᅗ᭩㤋࡛ㄪ࡭ࡓࡾࠊ᭩⏬ឡዲᐙ࡟ぢࡏ࡚ࡶࡽࡗ࡚グ㘓ࡋࡓࠖ 1 ࡜࠸࠺ࠋᐇ࡟Ặࡢ 30 ᖺ࡟ࢃࡓࡿດຊࡢ⤖ᬗࡀࠊࡇࡢసရ㞟ࠊูᕳ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜
࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢูᕳ࡟཰㘓ࡉࢀࡓ⭾኱࡞సရࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡀࠕ㬆㛛ࠖࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㈗㔜࡞Ṕ

ྐ㈨ᩱ࡜࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ࿴ḷ࣭⤮⏬➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᪤หሗ࿌᭩࡟࠾࠸࡚ศᯒ
ᑐ㇟࡜ࡉࢀࠊ㈗㔜࡞▱ぢࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡢసရࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊస⪅ࡀ┤᥋㬆㛛ࢆゼࢀࠊ₻ࢆᐇぢࡋࡓ᫬ࡢឤ᝿ࡸࡑࡢගᬒࢆල࡟ᥥ෗ࡋࡓసရࡶᩘከࡃㄆࡵࡽ

ࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣูᕳࡢศ㢮࡛ࠕ₎ᩥࠖࠕ㝶➹࣭᱌ෆグࠖࠕ⣖⾜࣭᪥グࠖࡢ୰࡟⣡ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞

₻ぢᏛ⪅ࡢ⏕ࡢኌࠊゝⴥࡣࠊᙜ᫬ࡢேࠎࡀࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖࢆᐇ㝿࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ▱ࡿୖ࡛ࠊ┤᥋ⓗ࡞㈨ᩱ࡜࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᮏሗ࿌ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≉ᚩࢆᣢࡘసရ⩌ࢆࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ୍ᣓࡋ࡚ࠗほ₻グ࠘࡜࿧ࡧࠊࡇࢀࢆḟ
ࡢどⅬ࡟❧ࡗ࡚ศᯒࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ㬆㛛࣭㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࡀṔྐⓗ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᩥ

ே➼࡟ཷࡅ࡜ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ

−7−࢔ ࠕ㬆㛛ࠖ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ⾜⛬࣭ᡭẁ࢖ ࠕ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࠖࡢᩥ❶⾲⌧࣭ᥥ෗࢘ ࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ

₻ࠖࡢᩥ❶⾲⌧࣭ᥥ෗࢚ ඲యホ౯
ࡲࡓࠊྜࢃࡏ࡚ࠊࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ᛴ₻ࢆ௨࡚඲ᅜⓗ࡟▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㢮ఝࡢ㈨⏘࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢᩥⱁసရࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠗほ₻グ࠘ࢆྵࡴ⣖⾜ᩥ➼ࡢㄪᰝ࣭ศᯒࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ௨
࡚ࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ

Ϩ

ࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ
㸯

₻ࠖ࡜ࡢᑐẚࢆヨࡳࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ₻ࠖࠗほ₻グ࠘ࡢศᯒࠗほ₻グ࠘ࡢస⪅ཬࡧసᡂᖺ௦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ᮏሗ࿌࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࠗほ₻グ࠘࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᮎᑿࡢࠕ୍ぴ⾲ࠖ࡟ࡑࡢᴫせ➼ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࠋ
᭱ึ࡟ࡇࡢࠕ୍ぴ⾲ࠖ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊࠗほ₻グ࠘ࡢస⪅ 2 ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ Ꮫ⪅ ᅜᏛ⪅࣭൲⪅࣭ᮏⲡᏛ⪅࣭㔞ᢏᖌձ ࠐᩘᏐࡣࠕ୍ぴ⾲ࠖࡢᩘᏐ࡟ᑐᛂࠋ௨ୗྠࡌ ᳃ཝሿࠕほ㜿Ἴ㬆㛛ࠖ
ᢎᛂ 2 1653 ᖺ㹼ாಖ 6 1721 ᖺࠋỤᡞ୰ᮇࡢ൲⪅ࠋྡࡣᑦㅬࠋᏐࡣ฼΅ࠋ㏻⛠ࡣடஅຓࠋูྕࡣ

୙ᰁᒃኈࠋᦤὠ㧗ᵳࡢேࠋ⚟ఫ㐨భࠊᯇỌᫀ᫆࡟Ꮫࢇࡔࠋᚨᕝගᅞ࡟

ྊࡉࢀ࡚ࠕ኱᪥ᮏྐࠖࡢ⦅㞟࡟୚ࡗࡓࠋⴭ᭩ࠕཝሿ㞟ࠖࠕㆤἲ㈨἞ㄽࠖ࡞࡝ࠋ
մ஭⃝⽑㱟Ꮚࠕ㜿Ἴ㬆㛛ࡢㄝࠖᐶᩥ 8 1668 ᖺ㹼ாಖ 15 1730 ᖺࠋỤᡞ୰ᮇࡢᅜᏛ⪅࣭Ṋ⾡ᐙࠋྡࡣ㛗⚽ࠋ㏻⛠ࡣ༑㑻ᕥ⾨㛛ࠋูྕࡣீᩪࠋ⫧ᚋ⇃ᮏࡢேࠋ⫧ᚋ⸬ኈࠋᒣᓮ㜌ᩪࡢ㛛࡟Ꮫࡧᆶຍ⚄㐨࡟᫂ࡿࡃࠊ࿴₎ࡢᏛ࡟⢭㏻ࡋࠊ࠿ࡓࢃࡽ㛵ཱྀὶࡢᒃྜ⾡࡟㛗ࡌࡓࠋⴭ᭩ࠕᗈ┈಑ㄝᘚࠖࠕṊኈカࠖࠕ᫂ྩᐙカࠖࠕ኱࿴ዪカࠖࠕ⚄㐨カࠖࠕすᾏወㄯࠖࠕ⳥ụబࠎ㌷グࠖ࡞࡝ࠋն᳜ᮧᨻ຾ࠕ㬆ᡞࠖ㸦ࠕᮏᮅወ㊧ㄯࠖ㸧ඖ⚘ 8 1695 ᖺ㹼ᏳỌ 6 1777 ᖺࠋỤᡞ୰ᮇࡢ᥇⸆౑࣭ᮏⲡᏛ⪅ࠋఀໃᯇ㜰㏆ᮡᮧ⏕
ࡲࢀࠋ㏻⛠ࡣ ᕥᖹḟࠋ᪂⏠࡜ྕࡋࡓࠋᖥᗓ⤒Ⴀࡢୖ┠㯮㥖ሙ⸆ᅬ㡸ᙺ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋாಖ 5ᖺ࠿ࡽඖᩥ 5 ᖺࡲ࡛᥇⸆ ࡢᖥ࿨ࢆཷࡅ࡚ㅖᅜࢆᕠṔࡋࡑࡢぢ⪺ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࢆㄅࡋ࡚
ࠕㅖᕞ᥇⸆グࠖ9 ᕳ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀࢆྜྷ᐀࡟⊩ࡌࡓࠋࡢࡕࡲࡓㅖᅜࢆ㐢Ṕࡋࠊாಖᖺ୰ࠕㅖ
ᅜ᥇⸆グࠖ1 ᕳࢆ⦅ࡋࠊᐆᬺ 5 ᖺᐙ㔜࡟⊩ࡌࡓࠋո୕Ꮿⷜᒣࠕ὾෇ᗙࠖ

−8−

ாಖ 3 1718 ᖺ㹼ா࿴ඖ 1801 ᖺࠋỤᡞ୰ᮇࡢ൲⪅࣭ತேࠋྡࡣⰾ㝯ࠋᏐࡣஅඖࠋู
ྕࡣ⴨ீ࣭ᶲᩪ࣭⁚ᾉᒃࠋி㒔ࡢேࠋ㟷ⶈ㝔ᐑࡢౝㅮࢆ໅ࡵࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᏵᒇ㛛ࠋ࿴₎ࡢᏛ࡟㐀ユ῝ࡃࠊತㅊࡶ⇕ᚰ࡛ࠊⅬ⪅࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࠕᖹᏳ஧༑ḷ௝ࠖࡢ୍ே࡛ࠊኳ᫂
ࡢತㅊ㠉᪂࡟ᐤ୚ࡋࡓࠋࠕⷜᒣリ㞟ࠖࠕತㅊྂ㑅ࠖࠕತㅊ᪂㑅ࠖ࡞࡝ࡢ⦅ⴭࡀ࠶ࡿࠋྃ㞟ࠕ⴨ீྃ㞟ࠖࠕ⴨ீ⏬ㆭ㞟ࠖࠋսఀ⬟ᩗៅ ᬡ㚝ᡂࠕῐ㊰ᅜྡᡤᅗ఍ࠖᡤ཰
ኳ᫂ 6 1786 ᖺ㹼ኳಖ 10 1838 ᖺࠋ㏻⛠ࡣ⚽ⶶࠋ຺ᙜᚋࠊ⚄ಖ⋞஧㑻൤㒓࡜⛠ࡋࡓࠋୗ⥲బཎࡢேࠋఀ⬟ᛅᩗࡢᗢᏊࠋᩥ໬ 5 ᖺࠊᛅᩗ࡟ྠ⾜ࡋ࡚ᅄᅜ㔞࡟ᚑ஦ࡋࡓࠋ

ր㈡ⱱ┿඗ࠕ㬆㛛వἼࠖኳ᫂ 3 1783 ᖺ㹼Ᏻᨻඖ 1854 ᖺࠋỤᡞᚋᮇࡢᅜᏛ⪅ࠋጣࡣᯇ⏣ࠋึྡࡣ┤៞ࠋྕࡣ⸨ᅬࠋி㒔ࡢேࠋ㈡ⱱࡢ┴୺࡛ṇᅄ఩ୗࠊఀணᏲ࡟ླྀ௵ࡏࡽࢀࡓࠋ㈡ⱱᮤ㮚࡟ḷᏛࢆᏛࢇࡔࠋⴭ᭩ࠕモࡢ┤㊰ࠖࠊᐙ㞟ࠕ⸨ᅬ㞧ḷࠖࠋփᩪ⸨➉ᇽࠕᰯ้ሗ᱓㘓ࠖ
ᩥ໬ 12 1815 ᖺ㹼჆Ọ 5 1852 ᖺࠋỤᡞᚋᮇࡢ൲⪅ࠋྡࡣ㤾ࠋᏐࡣᏊᚨࠋ㏻⛠ࡣ㡰἞ࠋ㝣ዟᅜ㐲⏣㒆἟㎶ᮧࡢேࠋ௝ྎࡢ኱ᵳᖹἨࠊỤᡞࡢቑᓥ∉ᅬࠊᫀᖹ㯨࡟Ꮫࢇࡔࠋ
ᖕࢆỤᡞୗ㇂┦⏕⏫࡟ୗࡋ࡚ᩍᤵࡋࡓࠋ
ࠕ➉ᇽ㐟グᩥ㕒ࠖࠕ➉ᇽリ㕒ࠖ
ࠕ➉ᇽᩥ㕒ࠖ࡞࡝ࠋ ḷே࣭ತே࣭ᡙస⪅ղ኱ᾷ୕༓㢼ࠕ㬆㛛═ᮃࠖᐶỌ 16 1639 ᖺ㹼ᐆỌ 4 1707 ᖺࠋỤᡞ๓ᮇࡢತேࠋ୕஭Ặࠋ⮬ࡽ኱ᾷẶ࡜⛠ࡍࠋ
ྡࡣ཭⩶ࠋఀໃᑕ࿴ࡢேࠋኳ࿴ 3 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 7 ᖺ㛫ᅜࠎࢆ㐟Ṕࡋࠊࠕ᪥ᮏ⾜⬮ᩥ㞟ࠖࢆⴭࡋࡓࠋ⦅ⴭ࡟ࠕᯇᓥ═ᮃ㞟ࠖࠕ࿴₎⏣㫽㞟ࠖ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋճ஭ཎす㭯ࠕධ᪥ࡢ㬆㛛ᾉࡢ⣚஭ࠖᐶỌ 19 1642 ᖺ㹼ඖ⚘ 6 1693 ᖺࠋỤᡞ๓ᮇࡢᾋୡⲡᏊసᐙ࣭ತேࠋ஭ཎẶࠋᮏྡࡣᖹᒣ⸨஬ࠋึྕࡣ㭯Ọࠊูྕࡣす㭉࣭ᅄ༓⩝࣭஧୓⩝ࠊ㌺ྕࡣᯇᑑ㌺࣭ᯇ㢼㌺ࠋ኱
ᆏࡢேࠋすᒣ᐀ᅉࡢ㛛࡟ධࡗ࡚ㄯᯘ㢼ࡢತㅊࢆᏛࡧࠊ▮ᩘತㅊ୍࡛᫨ኪ஧୓୕༓ྃࡢ
グ㘓ࢆ❧࡚ࡓࠋⴭ᭩ࡣࠊᾋୡⲡᏊ࡟ࠕዲⰍ୍௦⏨ࠖࠕዲⰍ஬ேዪࠖࠕ᪥ᮏỌ௦ⶶࠖࠕୡ㛫⬚⟬⏝ࠖ࡞࡝ࠊತㅊ࡟ࠕす㭯ತㅊ኱ྃᩘࠖࠕす㭯኱▮ᩘࠖ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
յ஧ᰗ⴦ࠕ㬆㛛ぢࡸࡅࠖாಖ 8 1723 ᖺ㹼ா࿴ 3 1803 ᖺࠋỤᡞ୰ᮇࡢತேࠋ຾ぢẶࠋྡࡣ඘ⱱࠋྕࡣ᱈ᕥ

−9−࣭୕ᅄᆓ࣭஧ᰗᗡ࣭୙஧ᗡ࣭୙஧࡞࡝ࠋຍ㈡ᅜᒣ୰ࡢேࠋึࡵ᱈኷ࠊࡢࡕᕼᅉ㛛ࠋㅖᅜࢆ㐢Ṕࡋࠊࡢࡕ኱ᆏ࡟ᒃࢆᐃࡵࡓࠋ⦅ⴭࠕ஧ᰗᗡⓎྃ㞟ࠖࠕᯇ㤂㞟ࠖࠕబ㈡ீ⊷ࠖ࡞࡝ࠋշຍ⸨ᬒ⠊ࠕほ℀グࠖ
ாಖ 5 1720 ᖺ㹼ᐶᨻ 8 1796 ᖺࠋỤᡞ୰ᮇࡢḷேࠋᏐࡣᏊᖖࠋ㏻⛠ࡣᑠᕝᒇ႐ኴ㑻཭ຓࠋ➉㔛ࡲࡓᒃ㈆ᩪ࡜ྕࡍࠋ኱ᆏࡢேࠋ᭷㈡㛗఑࡟ᖌ஦ࠊḷᏛ࡟ヲࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࠋⴭ᭩
ࠕࡳࡸࡇࡧ࡜⋢࠿࡙ࡽࠖࠕᅜ㞞⟶❚ࠖࠕ὾࡙࡜ࠖࠕ࿴ḷྠᏐ㞟ࠖࠕ࿴ḷ⹫モ㞟ࠖ࡞࡝ࠋպ⼖ክࠕᅄᅜ࡟΅ࡿグࠖ
ாಖ 17 1732 ᖺ㹼ᐶᨻ 7 1795 ᖺࠋỤᡞ୰ᮇࡢತேࠋྕࡣ╧ⰼᇽࠋูྕࡣ஬༖ᗡ࣭
Ἡᗡࠋἲྕࡣᗁ㜿ᘺ㝀௖ࠋி㒔⏕ࠋൔ౶ࠋㅖᅜ࡟່໬ࡋࡓࠋⰸⷀࢆᩗះࡋࠊⰸⷀ◊✲࡜㢧ᙲ࡟⏕ᾭࢆᤝࡆࡓࠋ⦅ⴭ࡟ࠕ⼖ክ࿴ᑦᩥ㞟ࠖࠕⰸⷀ⩝Ⓨྃ㞟ࠖࠕⰸⷀ⩝ತㅊ㞟ࠖࠕⷀ㛛ತㅊㄒ㘓ࠖࠕⰸⷀ㛛ྂே┿㋱ࠖࠕⰸⷀ⩝⤮モఏࠖࠕ♽⩝ⓒᅇᚷࠖ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

ջᾏ㔞ࠕῐ㊰࣭ࠖࠕ㜿Ἴࠖ
ாಖ 18 1733 ᖺ㹼ᩥ໬ 14 1817 ᖺࠋỤᡞ୰ᮇࡢൔ࣭ḷேࠋ㏆Ụࡢேࠋ㈡ⱱ┿ῡ࡟࿴ḷࢆᏛࡧࠊࡲࡓ₎リࢆࡼࡃࡋࡓࠋ60 వᕞࢆ 2 ᅇ࿘㐟⾜⬮ࡋࡓࠋḷ㞟ࠕࡦ࡜ࡼࡤ࡞ࠖࡑ
ࡢ௚ࡢⴭࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
տⓑᕝⰪᒣࠕ㬆㛛㈿ࠖ
ᐆᬺ 9 1759 ᖺ㹼჆Ọ 3 1850 ᖺࠋತே࣭⏬ேࠋᮏጣࡣோ㍯㸦ோ⩚ Ặࠋྡࡣᬒⓡࠋ㏻⛠ࡣⰾຓࠋ⋢↔ᗡ࡜ྕࡋࡓࠋῐ㊰୕ཎ㒆኱㔝ᮧ㔠㇂⏕ࡲࢀࠋỤᡞ㣤಴ఫࠋ༡⏬࡟㛗ࡌ㇂ᩥ᫫࡜ぞࢆ➇ࡗࡓࠋࠕᅄᾏྃ㞬⣬࣭ࠖࠕ㧗㤋ತ㌷グࠖࡢⴭࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ցᬡ㚝ᡂࠕ㬆㛛ࠖ ࠕ㞼㘊㝶➹ࠖ
ᐶᨻ 5 1793 ᖺ㹼୓ᘏඖ 1860 ᖺࠋỤᡞ୰ᮇࡢᡙస⪅ࠋᮏྡࡣᮌᮧ᫂ၨࠋᘺᅄ㑻࡜⛠ࡋࠊ≬ྡࢆᬡ㚝ᡂࡲࡓࡣ㮵ࡢ⯋┿ⴗ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ኱ᆏ⡲ᒇ⏫ࡢேࠋⱝᖺࡢࡇࢁỤᡞ࡟ฟ࡚ࠊ
ᬌᖺࡲࡓ኱ᆏ࡟ᖐࡗࡓࠋᾋୡ⤮ࢆ⬟ࡃࡋࠊᡙసࢆᴗ࡜ࡋࡓࠋⴭ᭩ࠕῐ㊰ᅜྡᡤᅗ఍ࠖ
ࠕ㞼
㘊㝶➹ࠖࠋ
 ᪑⾜ᐙ
ռⓒ஭ር㞵ࠕ㬆㛛ࠖỤᡞ୰ᮇࡢே㸦ᩥᨻࡈࢁἐ㸧ࠋ㏻⛠ࡣᕥྑ஧ࠋྕࡣ஬஭ࠋி㒔ࡢேࠋᕧၟⴙᒇࡢᘵࠋ
ᏳỌࡢึᖺ࠿ࡽኳ᫂ࡢᮎࡲ࡛ㅖᅜࢆ㐟Ṕࡋࠊࠕ➓ᇕ㝶➹ࠖࢆⴭࡋࡓࠋ

− 10 − ᚨᓥ⸬ኈ࣭㒆௦ᡭ௦չ୕Ꮿ⯆㐨ࠕ㬆㛛᪥グࠖ⏕ᖺ୙ヲ㹼ᐶᨻ 3 1791 ᖺࠋጣࡣ≀㒊ࠊẶࡣ୕Ꮿࠋྡࡣ㐨⯆ࠋᏐࡣᏊㄭࠊ㏻⛠ࡣᐩஅ୥ࠋྕࡣ㖟⮹ࠋ㜿Ἴ⸬ኈ ᏳỌ 6 ᖺ▱⾜㧗 300 ▼┦⥆ࠋỤᡞᐃఫ ࠋリࢆࡼࡃࡋḷࢆዲࢇࡔࠋತྃࡶࡘࡃࡗࡓࠋւᑠす཭┤ࠕ㬆㛛ᓮࠖ㸦ࠕ࿡ᆅⰑࠖ㸧ᐶᨻඖ 1789 ᖺ㹼჆Ọ 2 1849 ᖺࠋྡࡣᚨኴ㑻ࡢࡕ᪼ຓࠋῐ㊰ὠྡ㒆༓ⲡᮧࡢࡕᚿ⟃ᾆఫࠋ㒆௦ᡭ௦ࠋ⦅ⴭࠕ࿡ᆅⰑࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢ௚վ᥈ྂᇽቚᾏࠕ㬆㛛ࠖ㸦ࠕ㜿Ἴྡᡤᅗ఍ࠖ㸧ᩥ໬ࡈࢁࠋ኱ᆏࡢேࠋⴭ᭩ࠕ㜿Ἴྡᡤᅗ఍ࠖࠋ
քೄᄊ㸦࢖ࢺࣥ㸧ࠕῐᓥ㐟グࠖ㸦༉⏣཭୕㑻ヂ㸧⚄ᡞᒃఫࡢⱥᅜேࠋ ᑠᣓ࣭స⪅ࡢᒓᛶ࡛ࡣᏛ⪅࡜ḷே࣭ತே➼ࡢ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕᩥேࠖࡀ᭱ከ࡛ࠊ୧ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛඲య
ࡢ 7 ๭వࡾࢆ༨ࡵࡿࠋࡀࠊṧࡾࡢస⪅ࡶ࡯ࡰ඲ဨࡀᗈ࠸ព࿡࡛ࡢࠕᩥேࠖ࡟ᒓࡍࡿ࡜
⪃࠼࡚Ⰻ࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
࣭ᇳ➹ືᶵ࣭ዎᶵࡣࡸࡣࡾྡᡤぢ≀ࡢグ㘓ࡀ᭱ࡶከ࠸ࠋ࡯ࡰ඲ဨࡀᐇ㝿࡟⮬ศ⮬㌟࡟ࡼ
ࡿᐇぢࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚グ㏙ࡍࡿࠋࡓࡔࠊմࡢࡳࡣఏ⪺࡟ᣐࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㬆㛛ࡢ₻࡟㛵ࡍࡿᙜ᫬ࡢ୍⯡ⓗ⌮ゎࢆ▱ࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡢཧ⪃㈨ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࠋ

࣭స⪅ཬࡧᇳ➹ືᶵ࡛≉␗࡞ࡢࡣչ୕Ꮿ⯆㐨࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୕ᏯࡣỤᡞ⸬㑰ワࡵࡢᚨᓥ⸬ኈ࡛
࠶ࡿࡀࠊỤᡞ࡛ἐࡋࡓ⸬୺ኵேࡢᰐࡢక࡛㜿Ἴ࡟ୗᅜࠋࠕ㬆㛛᪥グࠖࡣࡑࡢ㐨୰グࠋణࡋࠊほ₻㒊ศࡣࠊኳೃ୙㡰ࡢࡓࡵ⚟Ⰻ࡛ࡓࡲࡓࡲ㊊Ṇࡵࡉࢀࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ㝣㊰ࠊῐ㊰ഃࡢ⾜⪅ᕌࡲ࡛ฟ࠿ࡅ࡚

₻ぢ≀ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ᫬ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࡯ࡰ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࠗほ₻グ࠘࡜ྠᵝ࡜⪃࠼࡚ࡼ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࣭ք࢖ࢺࣥࡣ᫂἞࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ၏୍እᅜே࡟ࡼࡿほ₻グ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊཧ⪃࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓࡶࡢࠋణࡋࠊ࢖ࢺࣥࡢṇ☜࡞ᒓᛶ୙᫂ࠋ㸰ࠕほ₻ࠖࡢ⤒㊰࣭ᡭẁ− 11 −

ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠗほ₻グ࠘ࡢస⪅ࡀࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤒㊰ཬࡧᡭẁ࡛ほ₻࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡲ࡛⮳ࡗࡓ࠿ࢆぢ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
 ῐ㊰ഃ
‫ۑ‬㝣㊰
ձ᳃ཝሿ㸻㬆㛛ࡢすᓴ ⾜⪅ᕌ ࡟Ⓩࡾࠊ㬆㛛ࢆぢࡿࠋղ኱ᾷ୕༓㢼=୍㔛༙ࡢᓟ㊰ࠊ⨺⭠ࢆࡲࡣࡾࠊ஧༑వ⏫ࡢᓁ㍯ࠊչ୕Ꮿ⯆㐨㸻⚟Ⰻߥ 㝣㊰ ߥ⾜⪅ᒣ࣭⾜⪅ᗡ࣭ほ₻ߥ  ㊰⤒⏤ ߥ⚟Ⰻջᾏ㔞㸻⚟Ⰻࡢᾆߥ 㝣㊰ࠑᾆࢆࡘࡓࡦࡺࡁࠒ ߥࠕ㫽ྲྀࠖߥ ࡓ࠿࠿ࡽࡠᒣࡢ㛗ࡉ୕༑⏫ࡤ࠿ࡾࡉࡋฟ࡛ࡓࡿ࠺࡬ࢆࡺࡃ ߥࠕᓮࢆࡶࡓࡦࡀࡉࡁ࡜࠸࡬ࡾ࣭ࠖほ₻‫ۑ‬ᾏ㊰ք࢖ࢺࣥ㸻 ⚟Ⰻ ߥᾏ㊰ Ỉᡭ୕ேࣤ൓ࣄ୍⯚஧஌ࢪࢸ㬆㛛ᾏᓙ஧ྥࢸⓎࢭࣜ ߥ↮ᓥߥὪᓮߥ ⾜⪅ᕌୖ㝣 ࣭ほ₻ߥ⚟Ⰻ
 㜿Ἴഃ
‫ۑ‬㝣㊰
յ஧ᰗ⴦㸻᧙㣴ᯘᓮ ᬽ࿘ீ ࣭ᯇࠑᇽࠒ๓ߥ ᴥ⯪ ߥ᱓ᓥߥ㘠ᓥߥ㧗ᓥߥࡍࡃࡢᾏߥ
ᇼ㉺ߥ࠾࠿ࡵࡀἑ டᾆ ߥ 㝣㊰ ߥ࠾Ⲕᅬ࣭ほ₻ߥ  ㊰⤒⏤ ߥ᧙㣴ᯘᓮշຍ⸨ᬒ⠊㸻ࠕ࠶ࡩࡢᓥࠖߥ኱ẟᓥߥ 㝣㊰ࠑᒽ㐨ࢆᘔࡾ࡚ᓟ࡟ࡢࡰࢀࡤࠒ ߥⲔீ࣭ほ₻ո୕Ꮿⷜᒣ㸻Ώࡋ⯚ߥࠕ㖯Ꮚཱྀࠖߥ㧗ᓥߥ ሷ὾ࡢ␏ࢆ⦪ᶓᅇࡾ࡚ ߥ ᒣ࡟ධỈ࡟ῧ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡸࡋࡢᚄࢆ୍㔛వࡶศࡍࡁ ߥࠕ㧗ࡁᓟࠖࡼࡾ㐶࠿࡟═ࡵୗࡍ࣭ほ₻պ⼖ክ=᧙㣴ߥᅵబἩߥ࠾Ⲕᅬߥ ᖐࡾࡣ㏄࠼ࡢ⯪࡟࡚ᖐࡿտⓑᕝⰪᒣ㸻㡲☻ࡢᾆ⯚ߥ໭Ἡߥ Ⱒዪ㑻ⰼ᥎ศࡅ࡚ࠊ஑ᢡᨒࡓࡿ࡯࡜࡟ ߥᏞᓮ࣭ほ₻ր㈡ⱱ┿඗=ᒸᓮߥᅵబἩߥ Ꮮᓮ௜㏆࠿ ほ₻‫ۑ‬ᾏ㊰ճ஭ཎす㭯㸻௬ᒇߥ㔩ཱྀߥᚿ⟃ߥ៞㔝ᯇཎߥᚨᓥߥ㬆㛛࣭ほ₻ߥ㔛ࡢᾏኈ ῐ㊰ߥ㜿Ἴփᩪ⸨➉ᇽ㸻⚟Ⰻߥ ⯪ࢆࡸ࡜࠺ ࠑ᫝ࡢ᪥⯚඼ࡢᮾࢆ⾜ࡃࠒߥ᧙㣴 ᑠᣓ− 12 −࣭ほ₻࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢᆅ⌮ⓗ⤒㊰࡜ࡑࡢᡭẁ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ≉࡟⤒㊰ࡸᡭẁ୍࡛ᐃࡢࡶࡢࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ౽ᐅ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࠿࡞ࡾࣂ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᐩࢇࡔ⤒㊰➼ࡀ㑅ᢥࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀุ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ
࣭࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ẚ㍑ⓗ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ⤒㊰࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊῐ㊰ഃ࡛ࡣ⚟Ⰻ࠿ࡽ㝣㊰ࢆ㎺ࡗ࡚ῐ㊰ഃࡢᓁ࡛࠶ࡿ㛗⪅ᕌࡲ࡛㝤ࡋ࠸㐨ࢆ⾜ࡃ࣮ࣝࢺ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
୍࣭᪉ࠊ㜿Ἴഃ࡛ࡣ᧙㣴࡛ほ₻⯪ࢆࢳ࣮ࣕࢱ࣮ࡋࠊ
ᢤࡅࠊ኱ẟᓥࡢடᾆ

࠿ࡽᑠ㬆㛛ᾏᓙ➽࠿ࡽ࢘ࢳࣀᾏ࡟

௜㏆࡛ୖ㝣ࠊࡑࡢᚋ኱ẟᒣࢆⓏࡗ࡚ࠊ཯ᑐഃࡢ࠾Ⲕᅬ࡟ฟࡿࣝ

࣮ࢺ࡜᧙㣴࣭ᒸᓮ࠿ࡽᑠ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࢆᑐᓊࡢᅵబἩ࡟Ώࡾࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽᾏᓊἢ࠸࡟࠾Ⲕᅬ
࣭Ꮮᓮ࡟⮳ࡿ࣮ࣝࢺࡀ୺࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
࣭࡞࠾ࠊց࡟ࠕ⪺ࡃฎ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ‶₻ࡢ᫬ࠊほᐈࡣᑠ⯚࡟஌ࡌ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᒾ♋ ୰℩ ࡟฿
ࡾࠊ௨࡚㏥₻ ᘬ ࡁ₻ ࡢᬒἣࢆ═ᮃࡋࠊࡩࡓࡓࡧ‶₻ࢆᚅࡕ࡚ཤࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠖ࡜࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ₻ぢ≀ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᒾ♋࡟ୖ㝣ࡋ࡚㛫㏆࠿ࡽぢ≀ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ

ࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

㸱ࠕ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࠖ඲యࡢᥥ෗࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠗほ₻グ࠘࡟ࠊ㬆㛛ᾏᓙ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᥥ෗ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ぢ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ᥥ෗ࡢᘬ⏝ձ᳃ཝሿ㸻ࠕᾏୖ༑ඵ⏫༶ࡕ༓ඵ༑Ṍ࡞ࡾࠋ୰࡟ᓧᕑ࠶ࡾࠊ୰℩࡜᭣ࡦࠖղ኱ᾷ୕༓㢼=ࠕ༑୔ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡟ᓖࡓࡿᒾ⫪࡟ᡴ〴ࡾࠊ஝ᦍ࿴ᕸ࠺ࡕࡋࡁࠊ㬆㛛ࡢ᪩℩ࢆᐄࡽ㋖ࡢୗ࡟ぢࡿࠋࡴ࠿ࡦࡣ㜿ᕞ᧙㣴ࡢᓮࠋᡭ࡜࢐ࡃ࡯࡝ஓࠋࠖ
մ஭⃝⽑㱟Ꮚ㸻ࠕす༡ࡢሷᜥ༑ඵ⏫ࡢႃ࡟ࡏࡲࡿࠋࠖ
յ஧ᰗ⴦㸻ࠕῐ㊰ࡢ⾜⪅ࡀᕌࠊࡘ࡜ᣦฟࡇ࡞ࡓࡣ〄ᓥࠊඓ࡜ࡋ࡚ᓖࡾࠊṈ㛫ࡉࡋΏࡏࡿ஦༑ඵ୎࠶ࡿࢀ࡜ࠊᡴぢࡿ࡯࡜ࠊࡸ࠺ࡸࡃ୕ᅄ୎࡟ࡣ㐣ࡲࡋ࡜ࡑ࠾࡯ࡩࠋࡉࡾࡸ
୰℩ࡢᒾࡣࡍࡿ࡜ࡃࡋ࡚⨺⭠ࡢዴࡃ₻ࡢᖜࡣ⣽ࡩࡋ࡚⽥⭜࡟ఝࡓࡾࠊࡶࡋ₻ࡢ┒ࡾ࡞ࡿ᫬ࡣ㢼ᕹࢆࡼࡃ㊧ࡉࡲ࡟ࡣ㉮ࡽࡋࡵࠊࡲࡃộẼ࡟ᘬࢀ࡚ࡣ㣕ᓥ 㫽 ࡶᛛࡕ⁒ࡿ࡜࠸࡬ࡾࠊ஝‶࡟ᬒኚ㝜ᬕ࡟═ࡵࢆ␗࡟ࡍࠖ
ն᳜ᮧᨻ຾㸻ࠕ඼୰࡟ࡶ㪉ࡢ㔮⯪᭷ࠊ㬆ᡞ㪉࡜ப࡚⨾࿡࡟ࡋ࡚ྡ≀ஓࠊ୕㔛ษᡞࠊ㬆ᡞࡢෆ࡟ᓥ୕ࡘ᭷ࠊ㣕ᓥࠊ࠶ࡩᓥࠊ⏕Ꮚᐟᓥ࡞ࡾࠊ㬆ᡞࡢ῝ࡉᘨⓒᑜ᭷࡜࠸ࡩࠖ

− 13 −

շຍ⸨ᬒ⠊㸻ࠕࡇ࢏ Ⲕீ ࡟ᒃ࡚ぢࢀࡤࠊࡇ࡞ࡓࡢ☾ࡣ࡞ࢀࡓࡿᡤ࡟ࠊᓖ࡚ࡿᓥࢆࡣ
ࡔ࠿ᓥ࡜࠸ࡩࠊࡴࡽ࠸࡞ࡿྡࡣࠊࡓࡀࡁࡏࡅࡿࡠࢀࡂࡠ࡟࠿࠶ࡽࢇࠊᯇ࠾࡯ࡃࡋࡆ
ࡾ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡽࡣ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡽࡎࠊࡑࡢ༡࡟㯮ࡁᒾᒣࢆ࡜ࡧᓥ࡜࠸ࡩࠊᮾࡣῐ㊰ᓥ࡟࡚ࠊࡇ
ࡢࡦࡓ⾲࡟ࡴ࠿ࡩࠊᓟࡢすࡢ࠿ࡓ࡬ࡘࡽ࡞ࡾฟࡓࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢࡋࡲ᰿࡜ࠊࡣࡔ࠿ᓥ࡜
୍㔛ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡞ࡾࠖ
ո୕Ꮿⷜᒣ㸻ࠕ㧗ࡁᓟࡼࡾ㐶࡟═ୗࡍ࡟ࠊᑠᓥᗄࡘࡶ❧஺ࡾࠊᡴ᮶ࡿ₻ࡣࡓࡔ㞷ࡢᒣࢆ࡞ࡋࠊࡉࡋᑐ࡬ࡿῐ㊰ࡢᒣࠎࡣᡭ࡟࡜ࡿᩯ࡟ぢࡺࠖպ⼖ክ=ࠕᚋࡢᒣ࡟ᾏࢆ┠ࡢୗ࡟࡞ࡋ࡚ࡓࡦࡽ࠿࡞ࡿᡤ࠶ࡾࠊᅜࡢᏲࡢ㬆㛛୍ぴࡢᡤ࡜࡚ࠊ࠿ࡾࡑࡵ࡟ⱴࡶ࡚ࡩࡅࡿ࡟➉ࢃࡓࡋ࡚ᷦࡢࡉࡲ࡟ࡋࡘࡽ࡬ࡿᱞ㗤ࡵࡅࡿᡤ࡟ᖥ
ᘬằᩜࡏ࡚ᆘࢆࡲ࠺ࡅࡓࡾࠊࡑࡢᆘ࡟ࡘࡁ࡚ぢࢃࡓࡍ࡟ࠊ┿ྥࡩࡣῐ㊰ࡢᅜ⾜⪅࠿ࡣ࡞࡜࡚ᾏ୰࡬ࡘ࡜ࡉࡋฟࡓࡿᓮ࡟࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㛫ᾏࡢ㠃୍㔛࡜࠸࡬࡜≀ப࠿ࡣࡍ࡬ࡃ
ぢࡺࠊࡑࡢᾏࡢ༙࡟ᕑ࠸ࡃࡽࡶ❧ࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆ୰℩࡜࠸࡬ࡾࠊ᫝⚄ࡢ௦࡟ࡶ₻᪩ࡋ࡜பࡋࠊ⢖㛛࡟࡚ேࡢ௦࡟ࡣ㜿Ἴࡢ㬆㛛࡜ࡣカࡋࡠࡿஓࠊࠖ
ջᾏ㔞㸻ࠕࡋ࡯ࡢࡳࡕࡦ࡟ⓑᾉࡢࡓࡕࡉࢃࡂࠊ࠸ࡣ࡯࡟ࡩࢀ࡞ࡾࡦ࢐ࡃ࠾࡜ࡢ࠿ࡋࡇ
ࡉࡣࡇ࡜ࡢࡣ࡟ࡶ࠾ࡼࡧࡀࡓࡋࠖ
ռⓒ஭ር㞵㸻ࠕ‶ࡿ᫬ࡣ༡᪉ࡢ኱ὒࡼࡾ㎸ධ࡚ࠊ໭᪉᧛☻ᾏ࡟ධࠊฟᓮ࡟ᅜ୺ࡢ₻ぢࡢீ᭷ࡾࠊᾏ㎶ᑠᓥ኱ᒾከࡃ▼ࢆ␚ࡴࠊᾆ㎶࡟୐ඵ㌺ࡢ⁺ᮧ᭷ࡾࠊ₻᫬࡟࠶ࡽࡊࢀ
ࡤࠊᑜᖖࡢᾏ㠃࡟ࡋ࡚⁺⯚ࡑࡇࡇ࢏࡟⁺ࡾࡍࠖսఀ⬟ᩗៅ㸻ࠕ඼ࡢᮾᾭࡣῐ㊰ࡢᡞᓮすࡣጭࢣᓮ࡞ࡾࠋ┦㝸ࡘࡇ࡜㈈࠿࡟༑ඵ⏫ࠋすᓴࡣᜳࡃወ▼ᕏ↛࡜ࡋ࡚඼ࡢ㛫࡟ᬯ♋᭷ࡾࠋ♋ࡢすࡣ኱㬆㛛࡜᭣ࡦࠊᮾࡣᑠ㬆㛛࡜᭣ࡩࠋཪࠊす༡ࡢወ▼⊂❧ࡋ࡚ⲡᮌࢆⵚࡿࡶࡢࡣ㣕Ɫ࡞ࡾࠋࠖ
վ᥈ྂᇽቚᾏ㸻ࠕ㛛ࡢ㛫༑୐ඵ୎ࠖ
տⓑᕝⰪᒣ㸻ࠕᾏࢆ㝸࡚ഹ༓Ṍ࡟㊊ࡽࡎࠊ඼࠶ࡦࡓᕑࡅࡣࡋࡃ❧⫇࠼ࠊ඼ᙧ๐ࡸ⿣ࡸ
㣕ࡸ㋉ࡀዴࡃࠊ₻ࡓ࢏࡬࡚ࡣ₞ᕊࢆ஧ࢶ୕ࢶぢࡿࡢࡳ ␎ ኱㬆ᡞᑠ㬆ᡞࢆᕥྑ࡟ศ
ࡕ࡚ࠊ∓ࢆ୰℩࡜࡞ࡴྡ௜ࡓࡿࠖ
ցᬡ㚝ᡂ㸻ࠕ㬆ᡞ࡜࠸ࡩࡣ㜿ῐ୧ᅜࡢ⏺࡟᭷࡚඼㛫༑᭷వ⏫ࠊ୰㛫࡟ᕑ▼ᓖࡕࡓࡘࠊ
ࡇࢀࢆ୰℩࡜ྕࡍࠑ㛗ⓒ୕༑㛫ᶓ஬༑㛫ࡤ࠿ࡾࡢᖹᒾ࡞ࡾࠒࠊ㬆ᡞᓮࡼࡾṈ୰℩ࡲ࡛ซⓒ୕༑㛫ࡤ࠿ࡾࠊࡇࢀࢆᑠ㬆ᡞ࡜ྕࡃࠊ ␎ ୰℩ࡼࡾᏞᓮࡢ㰯ࡲ࡛ซ஬ⓒ㛫チࠊṈ㛫ࢆ኱㬆ᡞ࡜࠸ࡩࠊ ␎ ࠊ ᑬ₻ㅧ࡟ᾏᖹ࠿࡞ࡽࡊࢀࡤ⯚⯧ࡇ࢏ࢆΏࡿ஦㞴ࡋࠊཪ− 14 −

㡰Ỉ࡟࡚₻࿴࠿࡞ࡿ᫬ࡣᾏኈࡶᑠ⯚ࢆࡼࡏ࡚㔮ࢆࡓࢀ㈅ࢆ᥇ࠊ⸴ࢆⱉࡿࡇ࡜ᩘ࡞ࡾࠖւᑠす཭┤㸻ࠕᏞᓮࡢ㰯ࡣⰊ࡟ฟᙇ࡚㬆㛛ᓮ࡜┦ᑐࡍࠊ඼㛫ᾏୖ༑୕⏫ஓࠊ୰Ώ࡟ᕑ
▼ᓖࡕࡓࡘࠊ᫝ࢆ୰℩࡜பࠊ඼㛗ⓒ୕༑㛫ࠊᶓᅄ஬༑㛫ࠊ㬆㛛ᓮࡼࡾ୰℩ࡲ࡛ⓒ୕༑㛫ࠊᑠ㬆㛛࡜ྕࡃ ␎ ୰℩ࡼࡾᏞᓮࡢ㰯࡬஬ⓒ㛫ࠊṈ㛫ࢆ኱㬆㛛࡜பࠖփᩪ⸨➉ᇽ㸻ࠕᓊ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ῐᒣዃᓖࡋࠊᾏỈ඼ࡢ㛫ࢆ⤒ࠊᙧ㛛ࡢዴࡋࠋஅࢆ㬆㛛࡜ㅝࡩࠖք࢖ࢺࣥ㸻ࠕᓙࣀ୰ኸ࣯ࣚࣜࣖῐ㊰ࢽ㏆࢟ฎཪᒾ♋ࣀṑฟࢫࣝᑠᕋ࢔ࣜ ␎ Ṉᑠᕋࣁ඲ᓙࣤ୰ศࢩ஧ಶࣀ㏻㊰ࣤసࢫࠊ⪋ࢩࢸ඼ῐ㊰஧㏆࢟ࣔࣀࣤᑠ㬆㛛ࢺࢩ㜿Ἴࢽ㏆࢟ࣔࣀࣤ኱㬆㛛ࢺࢫࠖ ᑠᣓ࣭ᾏᓙෆࡢྡ⛠➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ከࡃࡢグ㏙ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࠕ୰℩࣭ࠖࠕ㣕ᓥ࣭ࠖࠕ〄ᓥࠖ࡞࡝௒᪥ࡢᒾ♋ࡢྡ⛠ࡀỤᡞᮇ௨᮶ࡢྡ⛠࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᙜ᫬ࠊ
ࠕ୰℩ࠖ࠿ࡽῐ㊰ഃࢆᑠ㬆㛛ࠊ㜿Ἴഃࢆ኱㬆㛛࡜ࡍࡿ࿧ࡧ᪉ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶุ᫂
ࡍࡿࠋ୰℩=ձյտցւࠊ〄ᓥ=յշࠊ㣕ᓥ=յնշࠊ࠶ࡩᓥ=նշࠊ⏕Ꮚᐟᓥ=նࠊ⾜⪅ࡀᕌ㺃⾜⪅ᒣ=յջࠊⲔீ=շռࠊጭࢣᓮ=սࠊᡞᓮ=սࠊ㬆㛛ᓮ=ցւࠊᏞᓮ=ցւࠊ኱㬆㛛࣭ᑠ㬆㛛=ստցւք
࣭ᾏᓙࡢࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊỤᡞ᫬௦ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㬆㛛ᾏᓙࡢᖜࡣ࠾ࡼࡑ 18 ⏫࡜ࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᖥᮎᮇ࡟ࡣ࡯ࡰ 13⏫࡜ࡍࡿṇ☜࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ▱ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ւ=ࠕ඼㛫ᾏୖ༑୕⏫ஓࠖ 1 ⏫=109m ࡜ࡋ࡚⣙ 1,417m ࠊտց=ࠕࢃࡎ࠿༓Ṍ࡟㊊ࡽࡎ࣭ࠖࠕࡑࡢ㛫༑᭷వ⏫ࠖࠊձմյսվ=18 ⏫ ⣙ 1,962m ࠊռ=ࠕྈᘨ༑⏫ィࡾࡢ㛫ࠖ㸲ࠕ₻ὶ࣭ࠖࠕ

₻ࠖࡢᥥ෗࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠗほ₻グ࠘ࡢ᭱ࡶ୰᰾㒊ศ࡟࠶ࡓࡿࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖ⌧㇟࡟㛵ࡍࡿᥥ෗࡟↔Ⅼࢆ࠶࡚ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᥥ෗ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡲࡓࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ឤ᝿ࢆ࠸ࡔ࠸ࡓࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋ ᥥ෗ࡢᘬ⏝ձ᳃ཝሿ㸻ࠕ₻ᑗ࡟┆ࡓࢇ࡜ࡍࡿࡸ༡㧗ࡃࡋ࡚໭༝ࡃࠊᑗࡉ࡟⹫࠿ࡽࢇ࡜ࡍࡿࡸ໭㧗− 15 −

ࡃࡋ࡚༡༝ࡋࠋ┆⹫ࡢ᫬ࠊᭀὶ⏒ࡔᛴ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊℿୖࡢ㣕㫽ࡶஅࢆ㐣ࡄࡿ࡟⬟ࡣࡎࠋᕭ࡟┆ࡘࢀࡤ๎ᾏ㠃ᬻࡃᖹ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊ᫝᫬⯚ࢆ㏻ࡋࠊ௚᫬ࡣ⮫ࡴ⬟ࡣࡊࡿ࡞ࡾࠋ୰℩ࡢ༡ࠊ኱

㍯ᅇࡾࠊᚄ༑୔ྍࡾ࡞ࡾࠋ⯚ே⏽ᠳࡋ࡚Ṉ࡟฿ࢀࡤᚲࡎ⡄ᖍࢆᢞࡌ࡚ཤ

ࡿࠋซࡑ⯚⾜ࡢ㎿ࡁࡇ࡜▮ࡢዴࡃࠊ඼ࡢ༴ࡁࡇ࡜பࡩྍ࠿ࡽࡊࡿ࡞ࡾࠋࠖ
ղ኱ᾷ୕༓㢼=ࠕࡑࡸ₞ࠎ࡜ሷ᫬࡟࡞ࢀࡤࡸࠋᒣᾏ࠸ࡎࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡃ㍹ࠎ࡜㬆㡢ࡁࡇࡺࠋࡍࡣࡸすࡢᾏཎぢࡿぢࡿ୐ᑻవ⬽㧗ࠋࡆ࡟ࡣᒣ㝧す༡ࡢሷᜥࠊྈ༑ඵ⏫ࡢႃ࡟ⷧ㟈ࡦࠊႍᜥࡍࡿ㡢࡞ࢀࡤࠊ㟈ࡁࡶ⌮࡞ࡾࠊṈ୰࡯࡝࡟஧୔ࡤ࠿ࡾࡢᒾᓥ࠶ࡾࠋ୍ᑍࡢ
ࡦࡲ࡟Ṉᒾ㢌ࢆ℩⁋ᡴࡇࡍࠋ 㺶 ࡟ᗏࡢࡦ࢐ࡁ࠶ࡦ࡚༓㍯ࡢ㞾㌴ࢆ୍㡢࡟≀ࡍࡿ࡟ࡸࠋ⫢㨦ࡶࡅࡘࡤ࠿ࡾஓࠋỈ↮ᮕᒣࢆ᧷ࡤࠊἼᔒ㍯ᐆࡢ࠸ࡁ࡯ࡦࠊ็㑣࡟❳㛛༓ᑻࡢℛᕸࠊ㏫ኳ࡟࡞ࡀࢀࠊ㑣ᬛ୕ⓒᑜࡢ㣕’ࠊ㖟₎࡟࠾ࡕ࠶ࡩ࠿࡜ℿ㇂ࡢᕮᕥྑ࡟ὖ
ࡃࠋῲ✰ࡢࡩ࠿ࡉࡣ㔠㍈ࡶぢ࠼ࡠ࡬ࡋࠋ㏣ࠎḟ➨ὶኚࠊ㎚ྜ㎚ྜࠊ࠿ࡘ࠶ࡽࡣࢀࠊ
࠿ࡘࡩࡓࡀࡿࠋࡑࡢవἼࡢ␏ࠎࠊ༓ᑜᘘᣗࡢⓑ㱟எࢆ࠶ࡩࡿࡅࡋࡁ࡟ࡣࠊ㔠⩟㫽ࡶࡇ࣯࡟ࡸồ㣗ぴࠋࡣࡿ࠿࡟ᾛ࠿࡬ࡿἼ㢌ࡣࠊ㗼㨶㫅ࢆぢࡍࡿࠋࠖճ஭ཎす㭯㸻ࠕ㬆㛛ぢ࡟ࡲ࠿ࡾࡋ࡟㡢࡟⪺ࡘࡿࡼࡾࡍࡉࡲࡋࡃࠊ㧗ᾉⓑ㞷ࡢ㢼࡟ࡘࡿ࢏ࡈ࡜ࡃᕳ୰⛬ࡣ❳ᐑ᧧㖊࠿࡜ࡦࡧࡁࢃࡓࡿ࡟࠾࡝ࢁࡁࡠࠖ

մ஭⃝⽑㱟Ꮚ㸻ࠕ㜿Ἴࡢ㬆㛛ࡣሷ࡝ࡁ࡟࡞ࢀࡤࠊᒣᾏࡍ࡭࡚࡝ࢁ࡝ࢁ࡜㬆ࡗ࡚▐┠ࡢ㛫࡟୐ᑻవ࠶ࡀࡿࠋࠖ
յ஧ᰗ⴦㸻ࠕࡶࡋ₻ࡢ┒ࡾ࡞ࡿ᫬ࡣ㢼ᕹࢆࡼࡃ㊧ࡉࡲ࡟ࡣ㉮ࡽࡋࡵࡲࡃộẼ࡟ᘬࢀ

࡚ࡣ㣕ᓥ 㫽 ࡶᛛࡕ⁒ࡿ࡜࠸࡬ࡾࠊ஝‶࡟ᬒኚ㝜ᬕ࡟═ࡵࢆ␗࡟ࡍࠊࡑࡢ‶ࡿ᫬ࡣ໭࡟㣕ὶࡋདྷᖸࡿ᫬ࡣ༡࡟ỹࡿࠊ‶ᖸ࡟₻ࡢẁኍⓒ࡞ࡋ࡚ซ㧗ప୔࡟ࡶཬࡦࡠࡽࢇࠊ
₻ࡢ ᮶ࡍࡿશ༡໭୕㔛ࡣ࠿ࡾ࡟ࡋ࡚ᗏ῝ࡁ஦✲࡚ⓒవᑜ࡟฿ࢀࡾ࡜ࡑࠊ‶㠃ࡢࡣᕸ࡚ⱝ⪨ࡢⲴⴥࡢዴࡃⓑᾉࡢᒾ࡟○ࡿࡣኴᗒࡢᱵⰼࢆ㣕ࡍࠖն᳜ᮧᨻ຾㸻ࠕṈᡤࡢ₻ᕪᘬࡢ᫬ศࡣ኱஭ᕝࡢὶࡿࡇ࡜ࡋࠊᕪワࡢ᫬ࡣᒾࡶ㞃ࢀࠊ₻ࡶὶࢀࡍࠊᾏୖ㟼࡞ࡾࠊㅖᅜࡢΏᾏ᭷ࠊộᕪᘬࡢ᫬ࡣᒣࡢࡇ࡜ࡃ࡞ࡿ኱Ἴᡴᠱࠊᡤ
ࠎ࡟❧ᒾ᭷࡚ࠊṈᕑ࡟Ἴ࠶ࡓࡾࡍࡉࡲࡋࡃぢࡺࡿࠊ ␎ 㬆ᡞࡢ῝ࡉᘨⓒᑜ᭷࡜࠸ࡩࠖ
շຍ⸨ᬒ⠊㸻ࠕᓟࡢすࡢ࠿ࡓ࡬ࡘࡽ࡞ࡾฟࡓࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢࡋࡲ᰿࡜ࠊࡣࡔ࠿ᓥ࡜୍㔛ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡞ࡿࡀࠊ࠶ࡣࡦᒾ℩ࡢࡸ࠺࡟ⓑᾉࡉࢃࡄᡤ㬆㛛࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢ࠶ࡓࡾ

ࡲࡃࠊ࠾ࡶࡩ࡟Ṉᾏࡢᗏ࡜ࡇ࡞ࡵࡢᒾ࡟࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㛫࡟࠶ࡾ࠿ࡡࠊᅵࡢᗏ࡜࡯ࡾࡓࡿ࡟ࠊ✰࠸ࡃࡑࡤࡃ࡜࡞ࡃ᭷࡞ࡿ࡭ࡋࠊ၈ᅵ࡟㪪✰ᑿ㛿⃝↔࡞࡝ࠊ࠶ࡽࡠࡇ࡜ࢃࡾࢆ࠿ࡲ࡬ฟࡏ

− 16 −

ࡿࡶࠊṈࡓࡄࡦ࡞ࡿ࡭ࡋࠊⴠ₻ࡢࡉ࠿ࡾࡢࡉࡲࢆࡁࡃ࡟ࠊἼࡢୖ࡟ᩘࡋࡽࡎ࠺ࡎࡲࡃࡀࠊぢࡿࡀ࠺ࡕ࡟ࡃࡰ࠿࡟ᚰࡸࢆࡕ࠸ࡾ࡚ࡩ࠿ࡃධࡾࠊᾏ࡙ࡽ㧗ࡃࡦࡁࡃࠊ㝿ࡔ࡚࢏ᙼࡢ୰࡬℧ࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚ⴠࡿࠊࡑࡢࡦ࢐ࡁࡣᒣ࡜࢐ࢁࡁᕑࡺࡍࡿࠊṈ༡ࡼࡾ໭ࡼ

ࡾⴠࡃࡿ࠺ࡋ࡯ࠊࡇ࢏࡟⾜࠶ࡩ࡯࡝࡟ࠊᒣࡢࡈ࡜ࡁἼࢆ࠾࡜ࡍࡵࡾࠊࡑࡢ₻ࡢ࡜ࡁ஦ࠊ▮ࢆࡓ࡜ࡩࡿࡶ࡟ࡪࡃࠊࡳࡿ࡟ࡵࡃࡿࡵࡃ࡜࡞ࢇࠖ
ո୕Ꮿⷜᒣ㸻ࠕᡴ᮶ࡿ₻ࡣࡓࡔ㞷ࡢᒣࢆ࡞ࡋࠖ
չ୕Ꮿ⯆㐨㸻ࠕ㢼ᛛ࡟྿ⴠ࡚

ࡃࡿࡃࡿ࡜ࡵࡄࡾ඼㛫࡟Ἴࡢ㣕ࡧ❧ࡉࡲ࠸࡜࠾ࡑࢁࡋࠖ

պ⼖ክ=ࠕ⸛ࡢࡇ࡜ࡓ࢏࡬ࡋᾏࡢ୰࡟ⓑࡁἻࡢ‪ୖࡿࡣࡉ࡞࠿ࡽⓑ⋢ࢆࡣࡋࡃࡿዴࡃ࡟ࠊ
ཪᕮࡢᏐࢆ࡞ࡋࠊࡲࡓ᫓ࡢࡵࡃࡾ㌴ࡢ㍯ࡢࡲࢁࡩ࡟ఝࡓࡿ࡟୰℩࡟⫇❧ࡓࡿᒾ࡜ࡶ
ࡢぢ࠼ࡳぢ࠼ࡍࡳࠊⓑἼ❧ࡉࡣࡃࠊࡑࡢⓑࡁἼࡢἻࠊ୍ࡍࡕࡢⓑࡁᾏࡢ୰ᕝࢆ࡞ࡋ
࡚ὶࡿ࢏஦ࡢ᪩ࡉࡣ⁪ᕝࡢໃ࠶ࡾࠊ㐲║㙾ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ぢࢀࡣࠊࡑࡢⓑࡁ₻ࡢ➽ࡣṦ࡟పࡃࠊ㟷ࡁ₻ࡣ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾ࡚ࠊⓑࡁἼࠊ㟷ࡁ℀ࠊ࠺ࡕࡲࡋࡾ࡚㟷ⓑࡢ⣒ࢆࡳࡓࡏࡿ࡟
᪥ࡢᙳࡢἼ࡟࠺ࡘࡾ࡚ࡁࡽࡵࡅࡿ኱⺬ࡢ㔠ࡢ㫣ࡢගࡿ࠿ࡇ࡜ࡃ┠ࡃࢀ࡚ぢࡿ࡬ࡃࡶ࠶ࡽࡍࠊࡲࡋ࡚ộࡢ㡢ࡣᩘࡢ⚄ࡢ㬆ࡣࡓࡵࡃ࠿࡜ぬ࠼࡚ᒣ࡟ࡇࡓ࡬ố࡟ࡦࡦࡁࢃࡓ
ࢀࡾࠖջᾏ㔞㸻ࠕࡲࡋ࡚ࡋ࡯ࡢࡳࡕࡦ࡟ⓑᾉࡢࡓࡕࡉࢃࡂࠊ࠸ࡣ࡯࡟ࡩࢀ࡞ࡾࡦࡧࡃ࠾࡜ࡢ
࠿ࡋࡇࡉࡣࡇ࡜ࡢࡣ࡟ࡶ࠾ࡼࡧࡀࡓࡋࠊࡉࡘࡲࡢࡃࢁࡢࡏ࡜ࠊ⫧ࡢᅜࡢ᪩ᓮࡢࡏ࡜ࠊ
࠸࡙ࢀࡶࡋ࡯ࡢࡳࡕࡦࡿ࡜ࡁࡣࡓࡔ࠾ࡑࢁࡋࡁࡢࡳ࡟࡚ࡇ࡜࡞ࡿࡳᡤࡶ࡞ࡁ࡟ࠊࡇ
ࡢ࡞ࡿ࡜ࡢᓮ࡟ࡓࡕ࡚ࡋ࡯ࡢࡳࡕࡦࡿࡉࡲࢆぢࡿࡣࠊࡼࡶࡸࡶࡢᾏᒣࡢ࠺ࡕࡦࡽࡅ
ࡓࡿ࡟ࠊⓑᾉࡢኳ࡟ࡘࡽ࡞ࡾ࡚࡞ࡀࡿࡿࡉࡲࡵࡶ࠶ࡸ࡞ࡾࠖ
ռⓒ஭ር㞵㸻ࠕ࠿ࡃ࡚₻‶࡭ࡁ᫬᮶ࢀࡤࠊẁࠎ࡟ᾉ㦁ࡂỈἛฟ࡚ࠊ‍ࠎࡓࡿ༡ᾏࡢ₻ࠊ୍ྠ࡟ࡣࡏධࠊಂ࡟ỈᕳἛ㏉ࡾ࡚ࠊぢࡿࡀ୰࡟༡᪉஬භᑻ

㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊᾏᗏ㬆ືࡋ࡚㞾ࡢࡈ࡜ࡃࠊ୧ᓊ᫝ࡀⅭ࡟ᡴ○ࡿィࡾᜍࢁࡋࡁẼⰍࠊᴕᮌࡶືᦂࡍࡿ࠿࡜ࡍࡉ
ࡲࡌࠊྈᘨ༑⏫ィࡾࡢ㛫࡟ࠊ཮᪉኱ᒾࡘࡁฟ࡚⊃ࡃࠊ▼㛛ࡢࡈ࡜ࡁ࠶ࡾࠊ∓࡟ࡋ࡚₻ໃዑ㦐ࡋ࡚ࠊ༡ࡢ᪉භ୐ᑻ㧗ࡃᡂࡾ࡚ࠊ┿㏫ࡉࡲ࡟໭࡬ⴠୗࡿ஦⁪࡟ఝࡓࡾࠊᗏ
ࡼࡾἛ₻ࠊࡉࡋධ₻࡜ᡓࡦ࡚ࠊᒾ▼○ࡾィࡾ࡟㎘ࡅࡾࠖսఀ⬟ᩗៅ㸻ࠕṈࡢ᪥₻᭱኱ࡢᴟ࡞ࡾࠋᨾ࡟඼ࡢ┒࡞ࡿ࡟࠸ࡓࢀࡤ༶ࡕⴙ㡭ࡢ₻ࠊ኱ᑠࡢ㬆㛛࡟⮳ࡾዑὶࡋ㞃ࠎ࡜ࡋ࡚㞾ኌࡢዴࡃࠊ㣕Ɫ࡟┤ᙜࡋ࡚す༡ࡍࠖվ᥈ྂᇽቚᾏ㸻ࠕ኱ᾏࡼࡾ‶᮶ࡿ₻ࡶ୰ᅜࡢᾏࡼࡾᖸࡿộࡶ‶ᖸࡈ࡜࡟Ṉ㛛࡟࠶ࡘࡲ− 17 −

ࢀࡤộࡢࡣࡸࡁ஦▮ࡢࡈ࡜ࡃỈໃࡢࡘࡼࡁ஦┙▼ࡢ㢬ಽ࡟ࡓ࡜࡬ࢇࡶࡉࡽ࡞ࡾࠊࡉ
ࢀࡤ㡰Ỉ࡟࠶ࡽࡊࢀࡤ㢼ᕹࡶṈ㛛ࢆΏ஦࠿ࡓࡋࠊṈ㛛ࡢ㛫㜿Ἴᆅࡼࡾῐ㊰₲࡬℩ࡢᕑࡘ࢐ࡁ࡚ぢࡺࢀࡤỈᗏ῝ࡋ࡜ࡶぢ࡬ࡊࡾࡁࠊ℩ࡢᕥྑࡣ῝ࡁ஦ᗏࢆࡋࡽࡎࠊṈ㛛ᖸộࡢ᫬ࡣ୍᪉ࡦࡃ࢏࡞ࡾ୍࡚᪉ࡼࡾⴠࡿỈ⁪ࡢዴࡃࠊ‶ộࡢ᫬ࡣ኱ᾏࡼࡾộࡳࡕࡃࢀࡤ℩࡟࠶ࡓࡾ࡚❧ࡢࡰࡿᾉⴠࢀࡤࡇ࡜ࡈ࡜ࡃ

࡜࡞ࡿࠖտⓑᕝⰪᒣ㸻ࠕ⊰‶ộࡣࡺࡿࡃᖸộࡣ⑌ࡋࠊ༡ᾏᗄ୓㔛࡟ᘬộࡢࠊṈᾏ㛛ࡢ⊃ࡁ࡟ࡏ࠿ࢀࠊⴠ࡚ࡣዑὶ▮ࡢዴࡃࠊ༑㔛ィࡢ㛫ࡣ㛗㪒ࡶ㐳஦⬟ࡣࡍࠊ኱⯪ࡶṈộ➽࡟ධࢀࡣࠊᛛࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࢀ࡚ࠊ⤊࡟ࡣἼࡢ⸴ᒌ࡜ᡂࡶࡢ᭷ࠊṈ㉮ὶࡢᕑࠎ࡟ゐࢀ࡚ࠊⓑᾉࡣᒣࡼࡾࡶ㧗ࡃࠊ඼㡢ࡣ㬆⚄ࡢࠊ࠶ࡲࡓ࡜࢏ࢁࡃ࡟࠸ࡸࡲࡉࡾࠊභ୐㔛ࡢእ࡟㡪ࡃࠊ᫝ࢆࡶ࡚㬆ᡞ࡜ࡣ࠸ࡩ࡞ࡽࡋࠖ
ցᬡ㚝ᡂ㸻ࠕࡇࢀࢆᑠ㬆ᡞ࡜ྕࡃࠊ῝ࡉ୐ᑜ࡟㐣ࡂࡎࠊ඼ᕥྑ୍⏫⛬࡟࠸ࡓࢀࡤඵ༑
ᑜᡈࡣ஑༑ᑜࡢ῝ࡉ࡜࡞ࢀࡾࠊ୰℩ࡼࡾᏞᓮࡢ㰯ࡲ࡛ซ஬ⓒ㛫チࠊṈ㛫ࢆ኱㬆ᡞ࡜࠸ࡩࠊ῝ࡉᅄᑜ࡟㐣ࡎࠊ᫝ࡼࡾ༡㣕ᓥࡢ㎶࡟࠸ࡓࢀࡤ῝ࡉⓒ༔ᑜవ࡟ཬࡪࠊ‶₻࡟ࡣ໭࡟⾜࡚Ꮮᓮࡢ஝࡟኱
ࡖ࡟ᑠ࠶ࡾࠊᖸ₻࡟ࡣ༡࡟ྲྀ࡚㣕ᓥࡢ༡໭࡟኱

⏕ࡍࠊཪộࡍ

࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ᣲ࡚ᩘࡩ࡭࠿ࡽࡎࠊ㒔࡚₻ࡢ┆⹫࡜ࡶ࡟Ṉ㏕㛛࡟ࡏࡲࡿࡀᨾ࡟Ỉໃ⃭ࡋࡁ஦┙▼ࡢ㌿ࡪ࡟ࡦ࡜ࡋࡃࠊཎ᮶ᾏୖ࡟㧗ୗ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜⏒ࡋࡁᨾࠊᖸ₻ࡢ᫬࡟࠸ࡓࡾ࡚㧗ࡁ᪉ࡼࡾⴠࡿỈ⁪ࡢዴࡃࠊ₻‶ࡿ᫬ࡣ℩࡟࠶ࡓࡾ࡚㉳ࡾ❧ᛣ℀㞷ࡢ✚ࢀࡿᒣᓅ࡟ࡦ࡜ࡋࡃⴠࢀࡤ┙㟈ືࡋ࡚ộࡍࡌࡢໃࡦ኱Ἑࡢ᪩℩࡟ᙸᙿࡓࡾࠊ᪁ᖖ࡟

㬆ࡦ࢐ࡃࡀᨾ࡟㬆㛛࡜ྕࡍࡿஇࠊᑬ₻ㅧ࡟ᾏᖹ࠿࡞ࡽࡊࢀࡤ⯚⯧ࡇ࢏ࢆΏࡿ஦㞴ࡋࠊཪ㡰Ỉ࡟࡚₻࿴࠿࡞ࡿ᫬ࡣᾏኈࡶᑠ⯚ࢆࡼࡏ࡚㔮ࢆࡓࢀ㈅ࢆ᥇ࠊ⸴ࢆⱉࡿࡇ࡜ᩘ࡞
ࡾࠊ☾᭤࡟ࡣᕏᒾወ▼␚ิࡾ࡚㢼ᬒ᭱ࡶወ⤯࡞ࡾࠊᑜᖖࡢ┆⹫ࡔ࡟᪁ࡿගᬒࠊṦ᭦ᬌ᫓ࡢ୕᪥ࡢộᖸ࡟ࡣ඼ࡍࡉࡲࡌࡁࡇ࡜ゝㄒ࡟⤯ࡍࠖւᑠす཭┤㸻ࠕᑠ㬆㛛࡜ྕࡃࠊ῝ࡉභ୐ᑜࠊ඼ᕥྑኍ⏫⛬࡟฿ࢀࡤ῝ࡉඵ஑༑ᑜࠊ୰
℩ࡼࡾᏞᓮࡢ㰯࡬஬ⓒ㛫ࠊṈ㛫ࢆ኱㬆㛛࡜பࠊ῝ࡉ୕ᑜࠊ᫝ࡼࡾ༡㣕ᓥࡢ㎶࡟฿ࢀࡤ῝ࡉⓒ஧୕༑ᑜࠊ໭ࡢ᪉ඵ༑ᑜవࠊ‶₻࡟ࡣ໭࡟⾜ࠊᏞᓮࡢ஝࡟኱
࡟ࡣ༡࡟⾜ࠊ㣕ᓥࡢ༡໭࡟኱

⏕ࡍࠊཪộ➽ࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡾࠊᖸộ㝈࡞ࡋࠊ ᮶ࡢ⯪ⓒ▼௨ୖ✚ࡣộࡢ┒ࢆ㝖ࡁ࡚኱㬆㛛ࡢ᪉ࢆⴠࡍࠊ඼వࡢᑠ⯚ࡣᑠ㬆㛛ࢆⴠࡍࡶ࠶ࡾࠖ
փᩪ⸨➉ᇽ㸻ࠕ₻ໃ㎿⑌ࠊᛣ⃭㞾㬆ࠊኌᩘ㔛࡟⪺ࡇࡺࠋ⏒ࡋࡅࢀࡤ๎ࡕ┙ࢆ⏕ࡎࠋ⯚⾜அ࡟㐝࡬ࡤࠊ᪕㌿ࡋ◚○ࡍࠋ⛠ࡋ࡚ᾏ୰➨୍ࡢ㝤࡜Ⅽࡍ㹿⵹ࡋᆅୖࡢᒣࠊప᫡㉳− 18 −

అࡋࠊᾏ୰࡟஫ࡾ࡚᩿࠼ࡎࠊ඼ࡢໃࡶ஼⊰ᆅୖぢࡿᡤࡢࡈ࡜ࡋࠋỈ඼ࡢୖࢆ㐣ࡄࠊᨾ࡟ࢆ⏕ࡎࡿ࡞ࡾࠋࠖ

ք࢖ࢺࣥ㸻ࠕṈ➼ࣀ㏻㊰ ῝ࢧ኱⣙ᅄ༑㛫 ₻Ỉዑ’⟺ࣀዴࢡ୍᫬㛫ซࢯ஬භ㔛ࣀ㏿ຊࣤ௨ࢸෆᾏࢽὶࣝࠊཪవ࢞┤❧ࢭࣝᒾ▼ࢽ㏆୍࢟ᑠᓙࢽ᪊ࢸࣁ㡾ࣝⴭࢩ࢟⇿ὶࣤࢼࢫ࢔ࣜࠊ⪋ࢩࢸ᫝➼ࣀᛴὶࣁⓙ௚ࣀᾏᓊࢽἢࣇࢸ᮶ࣝᡤࣀ₻Ỉࢽ⃭ࢫࣝࣤ௨ࢸ㐙ࢽṈὶࣤ⏕ࢪ኱ࢽ₻ὶࣀ㏿ຊࣤቑࢫᡤ௨ࢼࣜࠊ⥲ࢸṈ࿘ᅖᩘ㔛ࣀ㛫ࣤጞ࣓ᑡࢩࢡ㞳ࣞࢸすࣀ᪉₻Ỉࢺὶࣀ┦᢬ゐࢫࣝฎᾏỈࣀ⃭ືṦࢽⅯࢩࢡ඼㡪ᅄ᪉ࢽ㎘࢟≬⊋ࣀᡓࣇ࢞ዴࢡⴙ㞾ࣀ࿁ࣝ࢞ዴࢡ㖟ᇛ๓ࢽಽࣞࠊ⋢ᒣᚋࢽ⫇࣊ዧ㎿ᛣ⃭⃏‑ⴙ㔛ᑗࢧࢽኳୖⓑ㞷ࣤ㝆ࢫࢽఝࢱࣜࠊ㏥₻ࣀ᫬ࣁ⯪⯧ᩒࢸṈᾏᓙࣤΏ⯟ࢫࣝ⬟ࣁࢨࣝࢼࣜࠖ ᑠᣓ࣭ࡲࡎࠊ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ὶࡢ㏿ࡉ࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ࢆᢤࡁฟࡍ࡜ࠊḟࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ձ᳃ཝሿ㸻ձࠕᭀὶ⏒ࡔᛴ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊ㣕ࡪ㫽ࡶ࠿࡞ࢃ࡞࠸ࠋซࡑ⯚⾜ࡢ㎿ࡁࡇ࡜▮ࡢዴࡃࠖմ஭⃝⽑㱟Ꮚ㸻մࠕ▐┠ࡢ㛫࡟୐ᑻవ࠶ࡀࡿࠖ
յ஧ᰗ⴦㸻ࠕ

ᕳࡃộẼ࡟ᘬࢀ࡚ࡣ㣕ᓥ 㫽࠿ ࡶᛛࡕ⁒ࡿ࡜࠸࡬ࡾࠖࠕ‶ᖸ࡟₻ࡢẁኍ

ⓒ࡞ࡋ࡚ซ㧗ప୔࡟ࡶཬࡦࡠࡽࢇࠖ
ն᳜ᮧᨻ຾㸻ࠕ኱஭ᕝࡢὶࡿࡇ࡜ࡋ ␎ộᕪᘬࡢ᫬ࡣᒣࡢࡇ࡜ࡃ࡞ࡿ኱ἼᡴᠱࠊṈᕑ࡟Ἴ࠶ࡓࡾࡍࡉࡲࡋࡃぢࡺࡿࠖշຍ⸨ᬒ⠊㸻ࠕ༡ࡼࡾ໭ࡼࡾⴠࡃࡿ࠺ࡋ࡯ࠊࡇ࢏࡟⾜࠶ࡩ࡯࡝࡟ࠊᒣࡢࡈ࡜ࡁἼࢆ࠾
࡜ࡍࡵࡾࠊࡑࡢ₻ࡢ࡜ࡁ஦ࠊ▮ࢆࡓ࡜ࡩࡿࡶ࡟ࡪࡃࠊࡳࡿ࡟ࡵࡃࡿࡵࡃ࡜࡞ࢇࠖ
ջᾏ㔞㸻ࠕࡋ࡯ࡢࡳࡕࡦ࡟ⓑᾉࡢࡓࡕࡉࢃࡂࠊ࠸ࡣ࡯࡟ࡩࢀ࡞ࡾࡦࡧࡃ࠾࡜ࡢ࠿ࡋࡇ
ࡉࡣࡇ࡜ࡢࡣ࡟ࡶ࠾ࡼࡧࡀࡓࡋࠖ
ռⓒ஭ር㞵㸻ࠕ∓࡟ࡋ࡚₻ໃዑ㦐ࡋ࡚ࠊ༡ࡢ᪉භ୐ᑻ㧗ࡃᡂࡾ࡚ࠊ┿㏫ࡉࡲ࡟໭࡬ⴠ
ୗࡿ஦⁪࡟ఝࡓࡾࠊᗏࡼࡾἛ₻ࠊࡉࡋධ₻࡜ᡓࡦ࡚ࠊᒾ▼○ࡾィࡾ࡟㎘ࡅࡾࠖսఀ⬟ᩗៅ㸻ࠕ኱ᑠࡢ㬆㛛࡟⮳ࡾዑὶࡋ㞃ࠎ࡜ࡋ࡚㞾ኌࡢዴࡃࠊ㣕Ɫ࡟┤ᙜࡋ࡚す༡ࡍࠖվ᥈ྂᇽቚᾏ㸻ࠕộࡢࡣࡸࡁ஦▮ࡢࡈ࡜ࡃỈໃࡢࡘࡼࡁ஦┙▼ࡢ㢬ಽ࡟ࡓ࡜࡬ࢇࡶࡉ
ࡽ࡞ࡾࠖտⓑᕝⰪᒣ㸻ࠕⴠ࡚ࡣዑὶ▮ࡢዴࡃࠊ༑㔛ィࡢ㛫ࡣ㛗㪒ࡶ㐳஦⬟ࡣࡍࠊ− 19 −␎ Ṉ㉮ὶࡢ

ᕑࠎ࡟ゐࢀ࡚ࠊⓑᾉࡣᒣࡼࡾࡶ㧗ࡃࠊ඼㡢ࡣ㬆⚄ࡢࠊ࠶ࡲࡓ࡜࢏ࢁࡃ࡟࠸ࡸࡲࡉࡾࠊ
භ୐㔛ࡢእ࡟㡪ࡃࠖցᬡ㚝ᡂ㸻ࠕ㒔࡚₻ࡢ┆⹫࡜ࡶ࡟Ṉ㏕㛛࡟ࡏࡲࡿࡀᨾ࡟Ỉໃ⃭ࡋࡁ஦┙▼ࡢ㌿ࡪ࡟ࡦ࡜ࡋࡃࠊཎ᮶ᾏୖ࡟㧗ୗ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜⏒ࡋࡁᨾࠊᖸ₻ࡢ᫬࡟࠸ࡓࡾ࡚㧗ࡁ᪉ࡼࡾⴠࡿỈ⁪ࡢዴࡃࠊ₻‶ࡿ᫬ࡣ℩࡟࠶ࡓࡾ࡚㉳ࡾ❧ᛣ℀㞷ࡢ✚ࢀࡿᒣᓅ࡟ࡦ࡜ࡋࡃⴠࢀࡤ┙㟈ືࡋ࡚ộࡍࡌࡢໃࡦ኱Ἑࡢ᪩℩࡟ᙸᙿࡓࡾࠖ
փᩪ⸨➉ᇽ㸻ࠕ₻ໃ㎿⑌ࠊᛣ⃭㞾㬆ࠊኌᩘ㔛࡟⪺ࡇࡺࠋࠖք࢖ࢺࣥ㸻ࠕ₻Ỉዑ’⟺ࣀዴࢡ୍᫬㛫ซࢯ஬භ㔛ࣀ㏿ຊࣤ௨ࢸෆᾏࢽὶࣝࠊཪవ࢞┤❧ࢭࣝᒾ▼ࢽ㏆୍࢟ᑠᓙࢽ᪊ࢸࣁ㡾ࣝⴭࢩ࢟⇿ὶࣤࢼࢫ࢔ࣜࠖ
௨ୖࡢᢤࡁ᭩ࡁ࠿ࡽࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᐇ࡟ከᵝ࡞ẚ႘ࠊ⾲⌧࡛㬆㛛ࡢ㢮࠸ᕼ࡞ᛴ₻ࡀ⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀุ᫂ࡍࡿࠋస⪅ࡢㄡࡶࡀࠊ㬆㛛ࢆᐇぢࡋࠊࡑࡢ₻ࡢ㏿ࡉ࡟ᙉ࠸༳
㇟ࢆཷࡅࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋ࣭ḟ࡟ࠊᕳ⌧㇟࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⾲⌧ࡸࡑࡢつᶍ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢグ㏙ࢆᢤࡁฟࡍ࡜ḟࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ

ձ᳃ཝሿ㸻ࠕ୰℩ࡢ༡ࠊ኱ճ஭ཎす㭯㸻ࠕ㍯ᅇࡾᚄ༑୔ྍࡾࠖ

ᕳ୰⛬ࡣ❳ᐑ᧧㖊࠿࡜ࡦࡧࡁࢃࡓࡿ࡟࠾࡝ࢁࡁࡠࠖ

յ஧ᰗ⴦㸻ࠕ‶㠃ࡢࡣᕸ࡚ⱝ⪨ࡢⲴⴥࡢዴࡃⓑᾉࡢᒾ࡟○ࡿࡣኴᗒࡢᱵⰼࢆ㣕ࡍࠖշຍ⸨ᬒ⠊㸻ࠕⴠ₻ࡢࡉ࠿ࡾࡢࡉࡲࢆࡁࡃ࡟ࠊἼࡢୖ࡟ᩘࡋࡽࡎ࠺ࡎࡲࡃࡀࠊぢࡿࡀ࠺ࡕ࡟ࡃࡰ࠿࡟ᚰࡸࢆࡕ࠸ࡾ࡚ࡩ࠿ࡃධࡾࠊᾏ࡙ࡽ㧗ࡃࡦࡁࡃࠊ㝿ࡔ࡚࢏ᙼࡢ୰࡬℧ࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚ⴠࡿࠊࡑࡢࡦ࢐ࡁࡣᒣ࡜࢐ࢁࡁᕑࡺࡍࡿࠖ
չ୕Ꮿ⯆㐨㸻ࠕ㢼ᛛ࡟྿ⴠ࡚

ࡃࡿࡃࡿ࡜ࡵࡄࡾ඼㛫࡟Ἴࡢ㣕ࡧ❧ࡉࡲ࠸࡜࠾ࡑࢁࡋࠖ

ջᾏ㔞㸻ࠕ₻‶࡭ࡁ᫬᮶ࢀࡤࠊẁࠎ࡟ᾉ㦁ࡂỈἛฟ࡚ࠊ‍ࠎࡓࡿ༡ᾏࡢ₻ࠊ୍ྠ࡟ࡣ
ࡏධࠊಂ࡟Ỉ

ᕳἛ㏉ࡾ࡚ࠊぢࡿࡀ୰࡟༡᪉஬භᑻ

㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊᾏᗏ㬆ືࡋ࡚㞾ࡢࡈ࡜ࡃࠊ୧ᓊ᫝ࡀⅭ࡟ᡴ○ࡿィࡾᜍࢁࡋࡁẼⰍࠊᴕᮌࡶືᦂࡍࡿ࠿࡜ࡍࡉࡲࡌࠖ
վ᥈ྂᇽቚᾏ㸻ࠕṈ㛛ᖸộࡢ᫬ࡣ୍᪉ࡦࡃ࢏࡞ࡾ୍࡚᪉ࡼࡾⴠࡿỈ⁪ࡢዴࡃࠊ‶ộࡢ᫬ࡣ኱ᾏࡼࡾộࡳࡕࡃࢀࡤ℩࡟࠶ࡓࡾ࡚❧ࡢࡰࡿᾉⴠࢀࡤࡇ࡜ࡈ࡜ࡃ
տⓑᕝⰪᒣ㸻ࠕ኱⯪ࡶṈộ➽࡟ධࢀࡣࠊᛛ

࡜࡞ࡿࠖࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࢀ࡚ࠊ⤊࡟ࡣἼࡢ⸴ᒌ࡜ᡂࡶࡢ᭷ࠖւᑠす཭┤㸻ࠕ‶₻࡟ࡣ໭࡟⾜࡚Ꮮᓮࡢ஝࡟኱
࡟኱⏕ࡍࠊཪộࡍࡖ࡟ᑠ

࠶ࡾࠊᖸ₻࡟ࡣ༡࡟ྲྀ࡚㣕ᓥࡢ༡໭࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ᣲ࡚ᩘࡩ࡭࠿ࡽࡎࠖ

− 20 −

փᩪ⸨➉ᇽ㸻ࠕ⏒ࡋࡅࢀࡤ๎ࡕ┙ࢆ⏕ࡎࠋ⯚⾜அ࡟㐝࡬ࡤࠊ᪕㌿ࡋ◚○ࡍࠋࠖք࢖ࢺࣥ㸻ࠕ⪋ࢩࢸ᫝➼ࣀᛴὶࣁⓙ௚ࣀᾏᓊࢽἢࣇࢸ᮶ࣝᡤࣀ₻Ỉࢽ⃭ࢫࣝࣤ௨ࢸ㐙ࢽṈὶࣤ⏕ࢪ኱ࢽ₻ὶࣀ㏿ຊࣤቑࢫᡤ௨ࢼࣜࠊ⥲ࢸṈ࿘ᅖᩘ㔛ࣀ㛫ࣤጞ࣓ᑡࢩࢡ㞳ࣞࢸすࣀ᪉₻Ỉࢺὶࣀ┦᢬ゐࢫࣝฎᾏỈࣀ⃭ືṦࢽⅯࢩࢡ඼㡪ᅄ᪉ࢽ㎘࢟≬⊋ࣀᡓࣇ࢞ዴࢡⴙ㞾ࣀ࿁ࣝ࢞ዴࢡ㖟ᇛ๓ࢽಽࣞࠊ⋢ᒣᚋࢽ⫇࣊ዧ㎿ᛣ⃭⃏‑ⴙ㔛ᑗࢧࢽኳୖⓑ㞷ࣤ㝆ࢫࢽఝࢱࣜࠊ㏥₻ࣀ᫬ࣁ⯪⯧ᩒࢸṈᾏᓙࣤΏ⯟ࢫࣝ⬟ࣁࢨࣝࢼࣜࠖ
ᕳࡁࡢࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࢆලయⓗ࡟♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣձࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ
ࠕ኱࡜ࡍࡿࡢࡣᐇぢ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

㍯ᅇࡾᚄ༑୔ྍࡾࠖ

ᕳ⌧㇟ࡢᥥ෗ࡣྛேྛᵝ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࡑࡢつᶍࠊ㡢ࠊ㏿ࡉࠊⴠᕪ➼ࢆ㦫ࡁࢆࡶࡗ࡚⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࠋ࣭ḟ࡟ࠊ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࡢ῝ࡉ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢグ㏙࣭⾲⌧ࢆᢤࡁฟࡍ࡜ḟࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ
յ஧ᰗ⴦㸻ࠕᗏ῝ࡁ஦✲࡚ⓒవᑜ࡟฿ࢀࡾ࡜ࡑࠖ
ն᳜ᮧᨻ຾㸻ࠕ㬆ᡞࡢ῝ࡉᘨⓒᑜ᭷࡜࠸ࡩࠖ
վ᥈ྂᇽቚᾏ㸻ࠕṈ㛛ࡢ㛫㜿Ἴᆅࡼࡾῐ㊰₲࡬℩ࡢᕑࡘ࢐ࡁ࡚ぢࡺࢀࡤỈᗏ῝ࡋ࡜ࡶぢ࡬ࡊࡾࡁࠊ℩ࡢᕥྑࡣ῝ࡁ஦ᗏࢆࡋࡽࡎࠖ
ցᬡ㚝ᡂ㸻ࠕࡇࢀࢆᑠ㬆ᡞ࡜ྕࡃࠊ῝ࡉ୐ᑜ࡟㐣ࡂࡎࠊ඼ᕥྑ୍⏫⛬࡟࠸ࡓࢀࡤඵ༑
ᑜᡈࡣ஑༑ᑜࡢ῝ࡉ࡜࡞ࢀࡾࠊ ␎ Ṉ㛫ࢆ኱㬆ᡞ࡜࠸ࡩࠊ῝ࡉᅄᑜ࡟㐣ࡎࠊ᫝ࡼࡾ
༡㣕ᓥࡢ㎶࡟࠸ࡓࢀࡤ῝ࡉⓒ༔ᑜవ࡟ཬࡪࠖւᑠす཭┤㸻ࠕᑠ㬆㛛࡜ྕࡃࠊ῝ࢧභ୐ᑜࠊ඼ᕥྑኍ⏫⛬࡟฿ࢀࡤ῝ࡉඵ஑༑ᑜࠊ୰
℩ࡼࡾᏞᓮࡢ㰯࡬஬ⓒ㛫ࠊṈ㛫ࢆ኱㬆㛛࡜பࠊ῝ࢧ୕ᅄᑜࠊ᫝ࡼࡾ༡㣕ᓥࡢ㎶࡟฿ࢀࡤ῝ࢧⓒ஧୕༑ᑜࠊ໭ࡢ᪉ඵ༑ᑜవࠖ
ք࢖ࢺࣥ㸻ࠕṈ➼ࣀ㏻㊰῝ࢧ኱⣙ᅄ༑㛫ࠖ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࡢ῝ࡉ➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ලయⓗ࡟ࠕⓒవᑜࠖࠕᘨⓒᑜࠖ➼࡜ᩘ㔞ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀከ
࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡢᩘ㔞ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ୍ᐃ࡛࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᐇ

➼࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ⤫୍ⓗ▱ぢࡀᚓࡽࢀࠊ

ࡑࢀࡀ୍⯡࡟ὶᕸࡍࡿࡲ࡛࡟ࡣ⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᖥᮎࡢ㈨ᩱ࡛࠶ࡿւ࡟ࡣ」㞧࡞ᾏᗏᆅᙧࡢ῝ࡉࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⯆࿡῝࠸ࠋ࣭ḟ࡟ࠊࠕほ₻グࠖࡢస⪅ࡀࠊ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ὶ࣭

Ⓨ⏕ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪺࠸࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࠊࡲࡓ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡓ࠿࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ࢆᢤࡁฟࡍ࡜ḟࡢ㏻ࡾࠋ
ձ᳃ཝሿ࣭վ᥈ྂᇽቚᾏ㸻ᖸ‶շຍ⸨ᬒ⠊㸻ࠕ࠾ࡶࡩ࡟Ṉᾏࡢᗏ࡜ࡇ࡞ࡵࡢᒾ࡟࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㛫࡟࠶ࡾ࠿ࡡࠊᅵࡢᗏ࡜࡯

− 21 −

ࡾࡓࡿ࡟ࠊ✰࠸ࡃࡑࡤࡃ࡜࡞ࡃ᭷࡞ࡿ࡭ࡋࠊ၈ᅵ࡟㪪✰ᑿ㛿⃝↔࡞࡝ࠊ࠶ࡽࡠࡇ࡜
ࢃࡾࢆ࠿ࡲ࡬ฟࡏࡿࡶࠊṈࡓࡄࡦ࡞ࡿ࡭ࡋࠖ
փᩪ⸨➉ᇽ㸻ࠕ⵹ࡋᆅୖࡢᒣࠊప᫡㉳అࡋࠊᾏ୰࡟஫ࡾ࡚᩿࠼ࡎࠊ඼ࡢໃࡶ஼⊰ᆅୖぢࡿᡤࡢࡈ࡜ࡋࠋỈ඼ࡢୖࢆ㐣ࡄࠊᨾ࡟
20 Ⅼࡢ㈨ᩱࡢ୰࡛ࠊ
‶࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢆ⏕ࡎࡿ࡞ࡾࠋࠖ

₻ࡢ⏕ᡂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ࡣࢃࡎ࠿࡟㸲Ⅼࠋࡇࡢෆࠊ㸰Ⅼࡀ₻ࡢᖸࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࠊ௚ࡢ㸰Ⅼࡣᾏᗏᆅᙧ࡟ᣐࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡉࡍࡀ࡟Ụᡞ᫬௦ࡢᩥேࡢሙྜࡣࠊ❳ᐑఏㄝࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⲩ၈↓✍࡞ㄝࡣぢࡽࢀࡎࠊࡴࡋࢁ₻ࡢᖸ‶࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸳ࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࠋ඲యホ౯➼ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠗほ₻グ࠘ࡢ୰࡛ࠊస⪅ࡀࠕ㬆㛛ࠖ࡞࠸ࡋࡣࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ඲యⓗ࡞༳㇟࣭ឤ᝿➼ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᭩ࡁ⾲ࡋࡓ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋ ඲యホ౯࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ࡢᘬ⏝ձ᳃ཝሿ㸻ࠕኳୗࡢ㝤ࠊࡇࡇ࡟㐣ࡄࡿⳘࡋࠖ
ղ኱ᾷ୕༓㢼=ࠕ᪥ᮏ୍ࡢぢࡶࡢࠖճ஭ཎす㭯㸻ࠕ㡢࡟⪺ࡘࡿࡼࡾࡍࡉࡲࡋࡃࠊ㧗ᾉⓑ㞷ࡢ㢼࡟ࡘࡿ࢏ࡈ࡜ࡃ

ᕳ୰⛬ࡣ❳ᐑ᧧㖊࠿࡜ࡦࡧࡁࢃࡓࡿ࡟࠾࡝ࢁࡁࡠࠖ
մ஭⃝⽑㱟Ꮚ㸻ࠕ࠾ࡧࡓࡔࡋࡁࡇ࡜᥎ࡋࡣ࠿ࡿ࡭ࡋࠖ
յ஧ᰗ⴦㸻ࠕᢇ᱓➨୍ࡢ㝤࡟ࡋ࡚ఱࡑᕩᓙࡶ∓࡟ฟࢇ ␎ ┠ࡃࡿࡵࡁ௒ࡑࡲࡇ࡜ࡢ㬆㛛࡟ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢྡࡢᅄ᪉࡟㡪ࡁࡅࡿࡣᐇࡇ࡜ࢃࡾ࡜ࡑࠖ
ն᳜ᮧᨻ຾㸻ࠕ᪥ᮏ୍ࡢᾏୖ㞴ᡤஓࠖշຍ⸨ᬒ⠊㸻ࠕ࠾ࡶࡩ࡟Ṉᾏࡢᗏ࡜ࡇ࡞ࡵࡢᒾ࡟࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㛫࡟࠶ࡾ࠿ࡡࠊᅵࡢᗏ࡜࡯
ࡾࡓࡿ࡟ࠊ✰࠸ࡃࡑࡤࡃ࡜࡞ࡃ᭷࡞ࡿ࡭ࡋࠖ
ո୕Ꮿⷜᒣ㸻ࠕ࠿࠺ࡸ࠺ࡢወᬒࡣ࠿ࡾึࡵࡢ➹ࡢ෗ࡋฟ࡬ࡁ஦࡟ࡣ᭷ࡊࡾࡅࡽࡋࠖ
չ୕Ꮿ⯆㐨㸻ࠕࡇࡇࡣ㨱ᡤஓࡉࡅࡧࡓࡲࡩ࡞࡜᱌ෆ⪅ࡀ࡜࡝ࡴࡿ࡟✵࠾ࡑࢁࡃࠖ
ջᾏ㔞㸻ࠕࡁ࢏ࡋࡼࡾぢࡿࡣࡲࡉࡿ࡜࠸ࡩࡇ࡜ࢆ㬆㛛ࡢࡉࡁ࡟ࡁ࡚ࡒࡋࡾࡠࡿࠖࠕࡇࡢ
࡞ࡿ࡜ࡢᓮ࡟ࡓࡕ࡚ࡋ࡯ࡢࡳࡕࡦࡿࡉࡲࢆぢࡿࡣࠊࡼࡶࡸࡶࡢᾏᒣࡢ࠺ࡕࡦࡽࡅࡓ
ࡿ࡟ࠊⓑᾉࡢኳ࡟ࡘࡽ࡞ࡾ࡚࡞ࡀࡿ࢏ࡉࡲࡵࡶ࠶ࡸ࡞ࡾࠖ
ռⓒ஭ር㞵㸻ࠕࡋ࡯ࡢࡳࡕࡦ࡟ⓑᾉࡢࡓࡕࡉࢃࡂࠊ࠸ࡣ࡯࡟ࡩࢀ࡞ࡾࡦࡧࡃ࠾࡜ࡢ࠿

− 22 −

ࡋࡇࡉࡣࡇ࡜ࡢࡣ࡟ࡶ࠾ࡼࡧࡀࡓࡋࠖࠕ₻ộࡢዑᾛ㬆ືࠊᡃᅜ➨୍ࡢ㎿₻࡞ࡾࠖࠕㄔ
࡟⪺ࡋ࡟຾ࡾ࡚࠾ࡑࢁࡋࡃࠊࡍࡉࡲࡌࡁ₻ໃࡓ࡜ࡩ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡞ࡋࠖ
սఀ⬟ᩗៅ=ࠕ⵹ࡋࠊኳୗ⮳㝤ࡢᆅ࡞ࡾࠖ
վ᥈ྂᇽቚᾏ=ࠕ඼ࡢ㧗ࡃᕳࡁ࠶ࡀࡾࡓࡿⓑἼ࡟ᮅ᪥ᙳࡢ࠺ࡘࡽࡩᬒⰍࠊࡲࡓ㛛ࢃࡓࡿ⯚ࡢộ࡟ࡦ࠿ࢀ࡚㣕㫽ࡢࡈ࡜ࡃ࡞ࡿ࠶ࡾࡉࡲ⏬࡟ࡶ࠸࠿࡛࡜࠾ࡶࡩ⤯ᬒ࡞ࡾࠖࠕೖᅜ
➨୍ࡢ℩ᡞ࡞ࢀࡤ㬆㛛ࡢộᖸ࡜࡚࡞ࡔࡓࡾࠖ
տⓑᕝⰪᒣ㸻ࠕซ༡໭ᘨⓒ㔛ࡢ═ᮃ࡟ࠊ╄ࢆࡉࡃࡶࡢࡣࡍ࡭࡚㬆ᡞࡢኊほஓࠖցᬡ㚝ᡂ㸻ࠕᐇ࡟ᢇ᱓➨୍ࡢ㏕㛛࡜࠸ࡩ࡭ࡋ ␎ ᡤㅝᾏෆ↓཮ࡢ㞴ᡤ࡞ࡾࠖւᑠす཭┤㸻ࠕඵ㔜ộࡢ᫬୰℩ࡢ㎶ࠊ⾜㐪ࡦࡢộ⦪ᶓ࡟┦␗ࡾⰍࠎࡢᩥࢆ࡞ࡍࠊ⤯ወࡲࡓ㢮ࡦ࡞ࡋࠖ
փᩪ⸨➉ᇽ㸻ࠕ⛠ࡋ࡚ࠊᾏ୰➨୍ࡢ㝤࡜Ⅽࡍࠖ ᑠᣓ
௨ୖࡢグ㏙ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࡀᾏࡢ㞴ᡤ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ⾲⌧࡜ࡋ࡚ձࠕኳୗࡢ㝤ࠖյࠕᢇ᱓➨୍ࡢ㝤ࠖնࠕ᪥ᮏ୍ࡢᾏୖ㞴ᡤࠖչࠕࡇࡇࡣ㨱ᡤஓࠖռࠕ⪺ࡋ࡟຾ࡾ࡚࠾ࡑࢁࡋࡃࠖ
սࠕኳୗ⮳㝤ࡢᆅࠖցࠕᾏෆ↓཮ࡢ㞴ᡤࠖփࠕᾏ୰➨୍ࡢ㝤ࠖࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ༢
࡞ࡿ㞴ᡤ࡟␃ࡲࡽࡎࠊࢃࡀᅜ୍࡛␒ࡢ㞴ᡤ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿホ౯ࡀ┠❧ࡘࠋḟ࡟㬆㛛ᾏᓙࠊ

₻ࢆኳୗࡢ⤯ᬒࠊወ຾࡜ࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ぢࡽࢀࡿࡢࡀࠊղࠕ᪥ᮏ୍ࡢぢࡶࡢࠖճࠕ࠾࡝ࢁࡁࡠࠖմࠕ࠾ࡧࡓࡔࡋࡁࡇ࡜ࠖյࠕࡑࡢྡࡢᅄ᪉࡟㡪ࡁࡅࡿࡣᐇࡇ࡜ࢃࡾ࡜ࡑࠖոࠕወᬒࠖջࠕࡵࡶ࠶ࡸ࡞ࡾࠖռࠕࡇ࡜ࡢࡣ࡟ࡶ࠾ࡼࡧࡀࡓࡋࠖվ
ࠕ⏬࡟ࡶ࠸࠿࡛࡜࠾ࡶࡩ⤯ᬒ࡞ࡾࠖտࠕ㬆ᡞࡢኊほஓࠖւࠕ⤯ወࡲࡓ㢮ࡦ࡞ࡋࠖ࡞࡝࡛
࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢᬒほ⨾࡟኱࠸࡞ࡿ౯್ࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢゝⴥ࡛⾲⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ

ϩ

ࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ
㸯

ࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ

ࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ

₻ࠖ㢮ఝ㈨⏘ࡢࠗほ₻グ࠘➼ࡢㄪᰝ₻ࠖ㢮ఝ㈨⏘ཬࡧㄪᰝ᪉ἲ

₻ࠖ㢮ఝ㈨⏘࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ᪥ᮏ୕኱ᛴ₻ὶࠖࠕ᪥ᮏ୕኱₻ὶࠖࠕ᪥ᮏ୕኱ᛴ₻ࠖ➼ࠊᅜෆࢆ௦⾲ⓗࡍࡿᛴ₻࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠕ᮶ᓥᾏᓙࠖ
ࠕ㛵㛛ᾏᓙࠖ
ࠕ኱␊℩ᡞࠖ
ࠕ᪩ᓮ℩ᡞࠖ
ࠕ㔪ᑿ℩ᡞࠖࠕ㯮அ℩ᡞࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㛵ಀࡍࡿ┴ྐ࣭ᕷ⏫ྐ➼ࡢ⮬἞యㄅ 3 ࢆ㜀ぴࡋࠊࠕ⣖⾜ᩥࠖࠕほ₻グࠖ࡞࡝ࡢグ㘓㢮ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊ⤮⏬࣭࿴ḷ࣭ತྃ➼ࡢᩥᏛసရ➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗ཰㞟➼ࢆ

− 23 −

ᖜᗈࡃ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㸰ࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖ㢮ఝ㈨⏘ࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ⤖ㄽⓗ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢ㢮ఝ㈨⏘࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᙜึ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠕ⣖⾜ᩥࠖࠕほ₻グࠖࡢ㢮ࡢグ㘓ࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࢃࡎ࠿࡟ࠊᚋᥖࡢ⾲࡟♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟࿴ḷ➼ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ᆅඖ࡟᭱ࡶᐦ╔ࡋࡓླྀ㏙࡛ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⮬἞యㄅ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᆅඖࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿ㈨⏘࡟ࡘ࠸࡚඲ࡃࠕほ₻グࠖ➼ࡢᘬ⏝ࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓグ㘓ࡀ⌧Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࡑࢀࢆᥖ㍕࣭グ㍕࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠿ࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࡶࡑࡶࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㢮ࡢグ㘓ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠿ࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓどⅬ࡛⮬἞యㄅࡢヱᙜ⟠ᡤࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊࡓ࠸࡚࠸ࠊ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࢃࡎ࠿࡞஦㡯ࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤತ࣭ྃ࿴ḷ➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡁࢃࡵ࡚ලయⓗ࡞ᘬ⏝࣭ゝཬࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ
ࡶࡋࠊ㇏ᐩ࡞ෆᐜࢆᣢࡘࠕほ₻グࠖ➼ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣ☜ᐇ࡟ゝཬࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊゝཬࡀ඲ࡃㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡸࡣࡾࠕほ₻グࠖ➼ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋ
ୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᙜึࡢ⪃࠼࡛ࡣࠊྛ㢮ఝ㈨⏘࡟ಀࡿ㏆ୡᮇࡢࠕ⣖⾜ᩥ࣭ࠖࠕほ₻グࠖ➼ࡢෆᐜࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ௚ࡢ㈨⏘࡜㬆㛛࡜ࡢẚ㍑᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ணᐃ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ
⌧᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣẚ㍑᳨ウࡢ⣲ᮦ࡜࡞ࡿグ㘓㢮ࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ

࠙⾲ࠚ
ྡ⛠
኱␊℩ᡞ

ࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ

₻ࠖ㢮ఝ㈨⏘࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୺࡞ᩥⱁసရ➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᡤᅾᆅ࣭≉ᚩ➼☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓᩥⱁసရ➼࣭ ᒣ ཱྀ ┴ ᰗ ஭ ᕷ ࣭ ࿘ ࠐࠗ୓ⴥ㞟࠘ᕳ༑஬㜵኱ᓥ⏫
࣭඲㛗 750mࠊ

ࠕ㐣኱ᓥ㬆㛛⪋⤒෌ᐟஅᚋసḷࡇࢀࡸࡇࡢྡ࡟࠾ࡩ㬆㛛ࡢ࣭῝ࡉ⣙ 20m

ࡩ࠶ࡲஎዪ࡜ࡶࠖ

࣭₻ὶ⣙ 7 ࣀࢵࢺࠐࠗᚋ᧝࿴ḷ㞟࠘₻࡟⋢⸴สࡿ࡜

ࠕዪ࡟ࡘ࠿ࢃࡋࡅࡿ
ேࡋࢀࡎᛮࡩᚰࡣ኱ᓥࡢ࡞ࡿ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡋ࡟Ⴣࡃ
ࡇࢁ࠿࡞ࠖ− 24 −

ࠐࠗ⥆ྂ௒㞟࠘ࠕ㢟ࡋࡽࡎᛮࡩࡇ࡜࡯ࡋࡁἼ࡟኱ᓥࡢ࡞ࡿ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ᖺ
ࡢ࡬ࡠࡽࡴࠖ
ࠐࠗ᪂ສ᧝㞟࠘ࠕ኱ᓥࡢ㬆㛛࡜࠸ࡩᡤ࡟࡚ࡼࡳౝࡾࡅࡿ
㒔࡟࡜࠸ࡑࡄ࠿ࡦ࡞ࡃ኱ᓥࡢ࠿ࡅࡖࡣ₻ࡳࡕ࡟ࡅࡾ㸦៞ᜨἲᖌ ࠖࠐࠗ⥆༓㍕㞟࠘ࠕ㢟ࡋࡽࡎ࠶ࡲᑠ⯚௒ࡸฟ࡙ࡽࡴ኱ᓥࡢ࡞ࡔࡢ₻㢼ࡩࡁࡍࡉࡪ࡞ࡾ㸦ᣨᐹ౑㈨ᖹ㸧ࠖ㸨௚࡟୐㤳཰㍕ࡍࡿࡶࡇࢀࢆ␎ࡍࠋ
‫ྖۑ‬㤿Ụ₎ࠗす㐟᪥グ࠘ࠕኵࢀࡼࡾᒣ࡟Ⓩࡾぢࡿ࡟ࠊᓥࡢ㛫ഹ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚₻℧ࡢዴࡃᛴὶ࡞ࡾࠋᒾ▼ᩘᩘฟ࡛࡚ࠊ⯪඼㛫ࢆ஌ࡿ஦࡞ࡾࠋṈ⹦ࢆ኱␊ࡢ℩ᡞ࡜ப࠺ࠋࠖ
㸨ḟࡢᅗࡣྖ㤿Ụ₎ࡀᥥ࠸ࡓࢫࢣࢵࢳ࡛ࠊࠗす㐟᪥グ࠘ࡢᤄ⤮࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠕ኱␊ࡢ℩ᡞࠖࡢගᬒࠋ

− 25 −㯮அ℩ᡞ࣭㮵ඣᓥ┴㜿ஂ᰿ᕷࠊ ࣭ࠗ୓ⴥ㞟࠘ᕳ୕⸃ ᦶ ࡢ ℩ 㛗ᓥ⏫ ໭ࡣඵ௦‴ࠊᡞ㞙ேࡢ⸃ᦶࡢ℩ᡞࢆ㞼ᒃ࡞ࡍ㐲ࡃࡶ࿃ࡣ௒᪥ぢ༡ ࡣ ┤ ᥋ ᮾ ࢩ ࢼ ᾏ ࡟ ࡘࡿ࠿ࡶ 㛗⏣⋤㐃࡞ࡿ࣭ᖜ 500m
࣭㛗ࡉ 4km࣭ࠗ୓ⴥ㞟࠘ᕳභ
㞙ேࡢ℩ᡞࡢᕑࡶ㩗㉮ࡿྜྷ㔝ࡢ⁪࡟࡞࡯ࡋ࠿ࡎࡅࡾ ኱క᪑ே
࣭ࠗኵᮌ㞟࠘
⸃ᦶ₲㏕㛛ࡢ᪩ࡳࡢộࡊ࠸ࡣྈ₈ࡂ㐣ࡂࡼ࠸࠿ࡾ࠾ࢁࡉ࡛ ᶒ኱ൔṇබᮅᮾࡼࡾ㉺ࡋࡓࡿ⯚ࡶ㞙ேࡢ⸃ᦶ㊰ࡍࡂ࡚❧ࡘ㟘

− 26 −࠿࡞ ⣽ᕝᗃᩪ
㡢ࡓ࡚࡚ࡣࡸ྿ࡁ࡟ࡅࡾ㞙ேࡢ⸃ᦶࡢ℩ᡞࡢ⛅ࡢึ㢼 ⏥ᩫᏲಖᏕ
࣭ᾏ㔞ἲᖌࠗࡦ࡜ࡼⰼ࠘ ᐶᨻ 4 ᖺࠕࡃࢁࡢࡏ࡟࡚
㞙ேࡢࡉࡘࡲࡢࡏ࡜ࡢࡋ࡯ࡉ࠸࡟ᾉࢆ࠿ࡋࡇ
ࡳ࠸ࡅࡾ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡋ࣭ࠖ ಑ㅴࠕ୍ࡌࡷ⋞⏺ℿࠊ஧ࡌࡷ༓ࠎᒾℿࠊ୕ࡌࡷ⸃ᦶࡢ
㯮ࡢ℩ᡞࠋࠖ᪩ᓮ℩ᡞ࣭ 㛗 ᓮ ┴ ༡ ᓥ ཎ ᕷ ࠊ ࣭ᾏ㔞ἲᖌࠗࡦ࡜ࡼⰼ࠘ ᐶᨻ 4 ᖺ

᪩ᓮᾏᓙ

ኳⲡᕷ
࣭Ỉ῝᭱኱ 150m

᮶ᓥᾏᓙࠕᓥཎࡼࡾኳⲡ࡟⮳ࡿ᫬ࠊ᪩ᓮࡢࡏ࡜࡟࡚
᪩ᓮࡢໃ࡜ࡇࡃ⯚ࡢ࠶ࡸࡩࡉࣁ࠸ࡢࡕᡃ࠺ࡕ

࣭₻ὶ᭱኱ 8 ࣀࢵࢺ࡟ࢃࡍࡽࢀࡵࡸࡶࠖ

࣭ឡ፾┴௒἞ᕷ

࣭ᾏ㔞ἲᖌࠗࡦ࡜ࡼⰼ࠘ ᐶᨻ 4 ᖺ ࡟ఀணᅜࡢグ࣭₻ὶ᭱኱ 10 ࣀࢵࢺ ஦࠶ࡿࡶࠊ᮶ᓥࡣ㏻㐣࡞ࡋࠋ࣭ཧ⪃᮶ᓥࡢ℩ᡞࡢ࠺࡙₻࡜࡝ࢁ࡜࡝ࢁࡓ࠿࡞ࡿ⪺ࡅࡤ㞝ᚰࡢ‪ࡃ㸦ྜྷ஭ຬ㸧ࡃࡿ࠸ộ࡞ࡾࡸ᮶ᓥ℩ᡞࡢ₻ࡶࡐࡦ࡞ࡸ

ࡶࡲࡃ㸦㔝ཱྀ㞵᝟㸧࣭಑ㄝࠕ୍࡟᮶ᓥࠊ஧࡟㬆㛛ࠊ୕࡜ୗࡗ࡚㤿㛵℩ᡞࠖ㔪ᑿ℩ᡞ࣭ 㛗 ᓮ ┴ బ ୡ ಖ ᕷ ࠊ ࣭ࠗ⫧๓㢼ᅵグ࠘ఀ ࣀ ᾆ ℩ すᾏᕷᡞ࣭ᖜ⣙ 170m

ࠕᙼᯂ㒆ࠊ㏿᮶㛛ࠊᅾ㒆す໭ࠊṈ㛛அ₻அ᮶⪅ࠊᮾ₻ⴠ⪅す‪ࠊᾛ㡪ྠ㞾㡢ࠊᅉ᭣㏿᮶㛛࣭ࠖ₻ὶ᭱኱ 10 ࣀࢵࢺ− 27 −

㸱኱ᾷ୕༓㢼ࠕ᪥ᮏ⾜⬮ᩥ㞟࣭ࠖᾏ㔞ࠕࡦ࡜ࡼⰼࠖ࡟ࡼࡿẚ㍑᳨ウ㢮ఝ㈨⏘࡟㛵ࡍࡿࠕ⣖⾜ᩥ࣭ࠖࠕほ₻グࠖ➼ࡀ඲ࡃ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ㏆ୡึᮇ࡟ㅖᅜࢆ⾜⬮ࡋ࡚ᩥ㞟ࠗ᪥ᮏ⾜⬮ᩥ㞟࠘඲㸵ᕳ 4 ࢆⴭࡋࡓತே኱ᾷ୕༓㢼ࠊ㏆ୡᚋᮇ࡟ㅖᅜࢆ᪑⾜ࡋࠊḷ㞟ࠕࡦ࡜ࡼⰼࠖ 5 ࢆⴭࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛▱ࡽࢀࡿᾏ㔞ἲᖌࡀࠊࠕ㬆㛛ࠖཬࡧࠕ㬆㛛ࠖ㢮ఝ㈨⏘࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓࠋ ኱ᾷ୕༓㢼ࠗ᪥ᮏ⾜⬮ᩥ㞟࠘኱ᾷ୕༓㢼ࡢ㊊㊧ࡣࠊࠗ᪥ᮏ⾜⬮ᩥ㞟࠘┠ḟ࡟グࡉࢀࡓᅜ௜࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ஑ᕞࡢ㇏ᚋ࣭᪥
ྥ࣭⸃ᦶ࣭኱㝮ࢆ㝖࠸ࡓ඲ᆅᇦ࡟ཬࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊỤᡞ᫬௦ึᮇࡢྡ㧗࠸ᬒ຾ᆅࡢ኱༙࡟㊊ࢆ㐠ࢇࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ㊊㊧ࡣ඲୐ᕳࡢḷ㞟࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊᛴ₻࣭₻㛵ಀࡢグ஦ࡣࠊᮎᑿࡢ୍ぴ⾲࡟ᘬ⏝ࡍࡿࠕ㬆㛛═ᮃࠖࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡾࠊఀணࡢ᮶ᓥᾏᓙࠊ
࿘㜵ࡢ኱␊ࡢ℩ᡞࠊ⫧๓ࡢ᪩ᓮࡢ℩ᡞࠊ㔪ᑿࡢ℩ᡞ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㏆ࡃ࡟㊊㊧ࢆṧࡍࡶࡢࡢゝཬࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶࠊ኱ᾷ୕༓㢼࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ㬆㛛ࡣᛴ₻࣭

₻㈨⏘࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ≉ู࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋ ᾏ㔞ࠗࡦ࡜ࡼⰼ࠘
ᾏ㔞ࡶㅖᅜࢆ㐟Ṕࡋࡓḷே࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢḷ㞟ࠗࡦ࡜ࡼⰼ࠘࡟ㅖᅜࡢྡᡤ࣭ᪧ㊧ࡢグ஦ࡀ㍕ࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㜿Ἴ࡛ࡣ≉࡟ࠕ㬆㛛ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢグ㏙ࡀヲࡋࡃࠊ࿘㎶ࡢᆅ⌮ࡸᬒほ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊሷ⏣࣭㔮ࡾ⯪࡞࡝⏕ᴗࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿ࡞࡝ࠊࡑࡢླྀ㏙ࡣከᒱ࡟ࢃࡓࡾࠊᛴ₻࣭₻࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊࠕࡲࡋ࡚ࡋ࡯ࡢࡳࡕࡦ࡟ⓑᾉࡢࡓࡕࡉࢃࡂࠊ࠸ࡣ࡯࡟ࡩࢀ࡞ࡾࡦ࢐ࡃ࠾
࡜ࡢ࠿ࡋࡇࡉࡣࡇ࡜ࡢࡣ࡟ࡶ࠾ࡼࡧࡀࡓࡋࠊࡉࡘࡲࡢࡃࢁࡢࡏ࡜ࠊ⫧ࡢᅜࡢ᪩ᓮࡢࡏ࡜ࠊ
࠸࡙ࢀࡶࡋ࡯ࡢࡳࡕࡦࡿ࡜ࡁࡣࡓ࢐࠾ࡑࢁࡋࡁࡢࡳ࡟࡚ࡇ࡜࡞ࡿࡳᡤࡶ࡞ࡁ࡟ࠊࡇࡢ࡞
ࡿ࡜ࡢᓮ࡟ࡓࡕ࡚ࡋ࡯ࡢࡳࡕࡦࡿࡉࡲࢆぢࡿࡣࠊࡼࡶࡸࡶࡢᾏᒣࡢ࠺ࡕࡦࡽࡅࡓࡿ࡟ࠊ
ⓑᾉࡢኳ࡟ࡘࡽ࡞ࡾ࡚࡞ࡀࡿ࢏ࡉࡲࡵࡶ࠶ࡸ࡞ࡾࠖ࡜ヲࡋࡃᥥ෗ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢ㊊㊧ࡣ஑ᕞ࡟ࡶཬࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊ⫧๓ᅜࡢ᪩ᓮࡢ℩ᡞࠊ⸃ᦶᅜࡢ㯮அ℩ᡞ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᐇぢࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞グ㏙࠿ࡽุ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ
ࠐ⫧๓ᓥཎࡼࡾኳⲡ࡟ࢃࡓࡿ᫬᪩ᓮࡢࡏ࡜࡟࡚
᪩ᓮࡢࡏ࡜ࡇࡃ⯚ࡢ࠶ࡸࡩࡉࡣ࠸ࡢࡕࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ࢃࡍࡽࢀࡵࡸࡶ
ࠐ⸃ᦶ− 28 −

ኳⲡࡢ࠺ࡋࡩ࠿ࡢᾆࡼࡾࡉࡘࡲࡢ‫ࡁڧ‬ὠࡢ㛵࡟ࢃࡓࡿ࡜ࡁࠊࡃࢁࡢࡏ࡜࡟࡚
㞙ேࡢࡉࡘࡲࡢࡏ࡜ࡢࡋ࡯ࡉ࠸࡟ᾉࢆ࠿ࡋࡇࡳ࠸ࡅࡾ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢࠗࡦ࡜ࡼⰼ࠘ࡢグ㏙ࡣ࡜ࡶ࡟ࢃࡎ࠿࡟ḷ୍㤳ࢆ᭩ࡁ␃ࡵࡿࡢࡳ࡛ࠊ
ࡲ࡜ࡲࡗࡓグ㏙ࡣṧࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࠕࡦ࡜ࡼⰼࠖࡢグ㏙ࡢẚ㍑࠿ࡽࡶࠊⴭ⪅ᾏ㔞ࡀ࠸࠿࡟㬆㛛ࡢගᬒ࡜ࡑࡢ
ᛴ₻࣭₻⌧㇟ࢆḷ㞟࡟᭩ࡁ␃ࡵ࡚࠾ࡃ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࢆዴᐇ

࡟▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

㸲ᑠᣓ௒ᅇࠊࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖ㢮ఝ㈨⏘࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ୍ᐃ㔞ࡢࠕᩥⱁసရࠖࡀṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ

๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄪᰝ࡟╔ᡭࡋࡓࡀࠊ୍㒊ࠊ࿴ḷ࣭ತྃ➼ࡢ㢟ᮦ࡜ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡣ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕほ₻グࠖࡢ㢮ࡣ࡯ࡰⓙ↓࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝࡣ㛵ಀࡢ⮬἞యྐࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ㝈ᐃⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢⅬࡣࠕ㬆㛛ࡢᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ₻ࠖ㢮ఝ㈨⏘࡛ࠊࠗ㬆㛛ᕷྐู࠘ᕳࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࠕᩥⱁసရ㞟ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㢮ఝ㈨⏘ࡣⓙ↓࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㢮ఝ㈨⏘ࡢ୰࡛ࡣẚ㍑࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡯࡝࡟

ᩥⱁసရࡢ㢟ᮦ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࠊ᥮ゝࡍࢀࡤࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖࡀࡑࢀࡔࡅṔྐⓗ࡟ࠕⱁ⾡ᩥ໬ࡢ※Ἠࠖ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ≀ㄒࡿࡶࡢ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ

Ϫ

ࡲ࡜ࡵ

࣭ࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ

₻ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊỤᡞ᫬௦ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᩥே➼࡟ࡼࡿほ₻ࡀ┒ࢇ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࠊ࿴ḷ࣭ತ࣭ྃ⤮⏬ࡢ㢟ᮦ࡜ࡉࢀ࡯࠿ࠊ

₻ぢ≀⮬యࢆసရ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡍࡿࠗほ₻グ࣭࠘ࠗ⣖⾜ᩥ࠘ࡀከᩘṧࡉࢀࡓࠋ࣭ࡑࡢࠗほ₻グ࠘➼࡟ࡼࡿศᯒ࠿ࡽࡣࠊỤᡞ᫬௦ࡢほ₻࣮ࣝࢺ࣭ᡭẁ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ≉࡟ᐃࡲࡗࡓࡶࡢࡣ

࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀ౽ᐅࢆᚓ࡚ࠊῐ㊰ഃࠊ㜿Ἴഃ࠿ࡽ㝣㊰࣭ᾏ㊰࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࣭ࠗほ₻グ࠘➼ࡣస⪅ࡢᐇぢ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢᥥ෗ࡣ࡯ࡰᐇែࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡀࠊᾏᓙᖜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࡯ࡰ 18 ⏫⛬࡜グ㏙ࡍࡿ౛ࡀከࡃࠊᙜ᫬ࠊ୍⯡࡟ὶᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢫ
ࢣ࣮ࣝឤࡀ཯ᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㏆ୡᚋᮇ࡟ࡣṇ☜࡞ᐇ− 29 −

್࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࢫࢣ࣮ࣝࡀ

▱ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࣭ࠗほ₻グ࠘➼ࡢከࡃࡣ⃭ࡋ࠸₻ὶ࣭₻ࡢᥥ෗࡟ከࡃࢆ๭࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⾲⌧᪉ἲ࡛ᥥ෗ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰࡟ࡣࡑࡢ⌧㇟ࡢⓎ⏕ཎᅉ➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆグࡋࡓࡶࡢࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ⃭ࡋ࠸₻ὶ࣭

ࡢⓎ⏕ࡀᾏᓙࢆᣳࢇ࡛⏕ࡌࡿ₻ࡢᖸ‶࡟ࡼࡿẁᕪ࡜ࡍࡿぢ᪉ࡣᙜ᫬࠿ࡽ୍⯡໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓⅬࡣὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࠋ࣭௒ᅇࡢࠗほ₻グ࠘➼ࡢศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊỤᡞ᫬௦ࡢᩥே࡟ࡼࡿ㬆㛛࡟ᑐࡍࡿぢ᪉ࡀ኱ࡁࡃࠊ࢔ ᾏࡢ㞴ᡤ࣭㨱ᡤ࡜ࡍࡿぢゎ࢖ ወ຾࣭⤯ᬒ࡜ࡍࡿぢゎ࡟ศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࠊከࡃࡢᩥேࡀ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠊࠕኳୗࡢ㝤ࠖࠕ᪥ᮏ୍ࠖࠕᡃࡀᅜ➨୍ࠖࠕኳୗ⮳㝤ࠖࠕᢇ᱓➨୍ࠖࠕ㢮࡞ࡋࠖࠕᾏ୰➨୍ࠖ࡞࡝ࡢㄒྃࡀ㞝ᘚ࡟≀ㄒࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࠕ㬆㛛ࠖࡢᬒほࡸ⮬↛⌧㇟ࡀ᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡛㢮ࢆぢ࡞࠸㈗㔜࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᨵࡵ࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ࣭ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕほ₻グࠖ➼ࡢ≧ἣ࠿ࡽ࡯ࡰ☜ᐇ࡟ᣦ᦬࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᅜෆࡢᛴ₻࣭₻㛵㐃㈨⏘ࡢ୰࡛ࠊ㏆ୡࡢᩥே㐩ࡀぢ≀ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㉱ࡁࠊࡑࡢ⌧㇟࣭༳㇟➼ࢆᩥ❶࡜ࡋ࡚ṧࡍᑐ㇟࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋࡓࡢࡣ၏୍ࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࠿ࡽࡶ࠸࠿࡟Ụᡞ᫬௦ࡢᩥே㐩ࡀࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖ࡟㨩ࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

ὀ
㸦1㸧ࠗ㬆㛛ᕷྐู࠘ᕳࠊࠕ࠶࡜ࡀࡁࠖࠋ
㸦2㸧௨ୗࡢࠊⴭ⪅ㄝ᫂ࡣࠗ㬆㛛ᕷྐู࠘ᕳ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࠋ
㸦3㸧㛵㐃ࡍࡿ⮬἞యྐ➼ࡢ㜀ぴࡣᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋࡟࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋ᭩ྡ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ↹㞧࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵ๭ឡࠋ
㸦4㸧኱ᾷ୕༓㢼ࠗ᪥ᮏ⾜⬮ᩥ㞟࠘࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊឡ▱┴❧኱Ꮫᅗ᭩㤋㈗㔜᭩ࢥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥ
࡟ᣐࡗࡓࠋ
㸦5㸧ᾏ㔞ࠗࡦ࡜ࡼⰼ࠘ࡣ⩻้ᮍห⾜ࡢࡓࡵࠊᅜ❧ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋ྂ඾⡠㈨ᩱᐊᯫⶶᮏࢆ㜀ぴ࣭➹෗ࡋࡓࠋ

− 30 −

− 31 −ᖺ ௦స⪅࣭᭩ྡ➼⾜ ⛬ ➼඲యⓗ༳㇟➼
㬆㛛ᾏᓙ࣭㬆㛛ࡢ ₻࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙➼ᢤ⢋ᘏᐆ 8 1680 ᖺ ձ᳃එሿࠕほ ᗒ ⏦ ࡢ ᫓ ࠊ അ ࣭ኳୗࡢ㝤ࠊࡇ 㜿Ἴῐ㊰ࡢ㝿ࠊᛴℿ᭷ࡾࠊ㬆㛛࡜᭣ࡦࠊᾏୖ༑ඵ⏫༶ࡕ༓ඵ༑Ṍ࡞ࡾࠋ୰࡟ᓧᕑ᭷㜿Ἴ㬆㛛ࠖ㬆 㛛 ࡢ す ᓴ ࡟ ࡇ࡟㐣ࡄࡿⳘࡋ ࡾࠊ୰℩࡜᭣ࡦ₻ộࡢ⃭ࡍࡿᡤ࡞ࡾࠊ₻Ỉ┆‶ࡍࢀࡤ๎ࡕ㞃ࢀࠊ⹫ࡍࢀࡤ๎ࡕ㢧ࡿࠋⓏࡾࠊᡤぢࢆ
඼ࡢᕑࡢ㛫୕ᅄⓒṌࠊ᫝ၟ⯪㏻㐣ࡢ㐨࡞ࡾࠋ₻ᑗ࡟┆ࡓࢇ࡜ࡍࡿࡸ༡㧗ࡃࡋ࡚໭༝
グࡍࠋࡃࠊᑗࡉ࡟⹫࠿ࡽࢇ࡜ࡍࡿࡸ໭㧗ࡃࡋ࡚༡༝ࡋࠋ┆⹫ࡢ᫬ࠊᭀὶ⏒ࡔᛴ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊℿୖࡢ㣕㫽ࡶஅࢆ㐣ࡄࡿ࡟⬟ࡣࡎࠋᕬ࡟┆ࡘࢀࡤ๎ᾏ㠃ᬻࡃᖹ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊ᫝᫬⯚ࢆ㏻ࡋࠊ
௚᫬ࡣ⮫ࡴ⬟ࡣࡊࡿ࡞ࡾࠋ୰℩ࡢ༡ࠊ኱ ㍯ᅇࡾࠊᚄ༑୔ྍࡾ࡞ࡾࠋ⯚ே⏽ᠳࡋ࡚Ṉ࡟฿ࢀࡤᚲࡎ⡄ᖍࢆᢞࡌ࡚ཤࡿࠋซࡑ⯚⾜ࡢ㎿ࡁࡇ࡜▮ࡢዴࡃࠊ඼ࡢ༴ࡁࡇ࡜ப
ࡩྍ࠿ࡽࡊࡿ࡞ࡾࠋ
ኳୗࡢ㝤ࠊࡇࡇ࡟㐣ࡄࡿⳘࡋࠋᗒ⏦ࡢ᫓അ㬆㛛ࡢすᓴ࡟Ⓩࡾࠊᡤぢࢆグࡍࠋ㈆ா 2 1685 ᖺ ղ኱ᾷ୕༓㢼 ୍ 㔛 ༙ ࡢ ᓟ ㊰ ࣭᪥ᮏ୍ࡢぢࡶ 㟖᭶༑஧᪥ࡢ✵ࡶ࠿ࡣࡁࡠࠋ࠸ࡉࡸ㬆㛛࡟⪥ࡼࡏ࡚ࢇ࡜ࠋ᱌ෆ⪅⊂ࢆ౪ࡋ࡚ࠊ୍㔛ࠕ㬆㛛═ᮃࠖ ⨺⭠ࢆࡲࡣࡾࠊ ࡢ༙ࡢᓟ㊰⨺⭠ࢆࡲࡣࡾࠊ஧༑వ⏫ࡢᓁ㍯ࠊஅ㑃ࢆࡓ࡝ࡾࠊ༑୔ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡟ᓖࡓࡿᒾ⫪஧༑వ⏫ࡢᓁ
࡟ᡴ〴ࡾࠊ஝ᦍ࿴ᕸ࠺ࡕࡋࡁࠊ㬆㛛ࡢ᪩℩ࢆᐄࡽ㋖ࡢୗ࡟ぢࡿࠋࡴ࠿ࡦࡣ㜿ᕞ᧙㣴
㍯ࠊஅ㑃ࢆࡓ
ࡢᓮࠋᡭ࡜࢐ࡃ࡯࡝ஓࠋࡑࡸ₞ࠎ࡜ሷ᫬࡟࡞ࢀࡤࡸࠋᒣᾏ࠸ࡎࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡃ㍹ࠎ࡜㬆࡝ࡾࠊ༑୔ࡤ
㡢ࡁࡇࡺࠋࡍࡣࡸすࡢᾏཎぢࡿぢࡿ୐ᑻవ⬽㧗ࠋࡆ࡟ࡣᒣ㝧す༡ࡢሷᜥࠊྈ༑ඵ⏫
࠿ࡾ࡟ᓖࡓࡿ
ࡢႃ࡟ⷧ㟈ࡦࠊႍᜥࡍࡿ㡢࡞ࢀࡤࠊ㟈ࡁࡶ⌮࡞ࡾࠊṈ୰࡯࡝࡟஧୔ࡤ࠿ࡾࡢᒾᓥ࠶
ᒾ⫪࡟ᡴ〴ࡾࠊ
ࡾࠋ୍ᑍࡢࡦࡲ࡟Ṉᒾ㢌ࢆ℩⁋ᡴࡇࡍࠋ 㺶࡟ᗏࡢ ࡦ࢐ࡁ࠶ࡦ࡚༓㍯ࡢ㞾㌴ࢆ୍㡢஝ᦍ࿴ᕸ࠺ࡕ
࡟≀ࡍࡿ࡟ࡸࠋ⫢㨦ࡶࡅࡘࡤ࠿ࡾஓࠋỈ↮ᮕᒣࢆ᧷ࡤࠊἼᔒ㍯ᐆࡢ࠸ࡁ࡯ࡦࠊ็㑣ࡋࡁࠊ㬆㛛ࡢ
࡟❳㛛༓ᑻࡢℛᕸࠊ㏫ኳ࡟࡞ࡀࢀࠊ㑣ᬛ୕ⓒᑜࡢ㣕’ࠊ㖟₎࡟࠾ࡕ࠶ࡩ࠿࡜ℿ㇂ࡢ᪩℩ࢆᐄࡽ㋖ᕮᕥྑ࡟ὖࡃࠋῲ✰ࡢࡩ࠿ࡉࡣ㔠㍈ࡶぢ࠼ࡠ࡬ࡋࠋ㏣ࠎḟ➨ὶኚࠊ㎚ྜ㎚ྜࠊ࠿ࡘࡢୗ࡟ぢࡿࠋ
࠶ࡽࡣࢀࠊ࠿ࡘࡩࡓࡀࡿࠋࡑࡢవἼࡢ␏ࠎࠊ༓ᑜᘘᣗࡢⓑ㱟எࢆ࠶ࡩࡿࡅࡋࡁ࡟ࡣࠊ
㔠⩟㫽ࡶࡇ࣯࡟ࡸồ㣗ぴࠋࡣࡿ࠿࡟ᾛ࠿࡬ࡿἼ㢌ࡣࠊ㗼㨶㫅ࢆぢࡍࡿࠋ㸦␎㸧᪥ᮏ୍ࡢぢࡶࡢࡸ࡜࠶ࡲࡾ࡟⫢ᚰ᝘ࡁࠊẼࡘ࠿ࢀ࡚ࠊ⯋ᑎࡢ௬❆࡟ᮘࡋ࡚ࠊ㬆㛛ࡢ═ᮃ࡟ᙜᑎࡢⰏᬒࠊ⚟Ⰻࡢඵቃࠊ஧୔୍ᕳ࡟ࡘ࡙ࡾࠊᲙᗜ࡟⡲ࡵ࡚ᖐࡋࠋ
ඖ⚘ 3 1690 ᖺ ճ ஭ ཎ す 㭯 ௬ ᒇ ߥ 㔩 ཱྀ ߥ ࣭㡢࡟⪺ࡘࡿࡼ ತㅊ⯆⾜ࡢ఍࠿ࡉ࡞ࡾ࡚ᚰࡊࡋࡓࡿ㬆㛛ぢ࡟ࡲ࠿ࡾࡋ࡟㡢࡟⪺ࡘࡿࡼࡾࡍࡉࡲࡋࡃࠊ
ࠕධ᪥ࡢ㬆㛛 ᚿ ⟃ ߥ ៞ 㔝 ᯇ ࡾࡍࡉࡲࡋࡃࠊ 㧗ᾉⓑ㞷ࡢ㢼࡟ࡘࡿ࢏ࡈ࡜ࡃ ᕳ୰⛬ࡣ❳ᐑ᧧㖊࠿࡜ࡦ࢐ࡁࢃࡓࡿ࡟࠾࡝ࢁࡁࡠࠊᾉ ࡢ ⣚ ஭ ࠖ ཎ ߥ ᚨ ᓥ ߥ 㬆 㧗ᾉⓑ㞷ࡢ㢼࡟ ஂࡋࡃぢࡿࡉ࡬㨦ࡦࡇࡾࡅࢀࡤ៘ࡳ࡚᭰㔛ࡢᾏኈ࡜࠸ࡩᡤࠊཪࡶ᮶࡚ぢࢇ☾ᓮࡢᯇࠕ す 㭯 ྡ ṧ 㛛 ࣭ ほ ₻ ߥ 㔛 ࡘࡿ࢏ࡈ࡜ࡃ࡜す⾜ἲᖌࡀㄞṧࡏࡋࡶࡲࡇ࡜࡟࠾ࡶࡋࢁࡢẼⰍࡸࠊࡋࡤࡽࡃఇࡲࢀࡋ㊧࡜࡚ⲡᗡࡢ཭ࠖࡢᾏኈᕳ୰⛬ࡣ❳ᐑ᧧ ࠶ࡗ࡚௒ࡶἲᖌࡦ࡜ࡾఫࡾ

͒ુᆋ͓͎გჵѠ්ۖ͏͐ࠏ්ࡉ͑๵‫ڲ‬ᅣ

− 32 −

㖊࠿࡜ࡦࡧࡁࢃ
ࡓࡿ࡟࠾࡝ࢁࡁ
ࡠṇᚨ㹼ாಖ㡭 մ஭⃝⽑㱟Ꮚ ୙ヲ࣭࠾ࡧࡓࡔࡋࡁ ಑ㄝபࠊࡴ࠿ࡋ㜿Ἴࡢ㬆㛛⏒ࡋࡃ㬆ࡾࡅࡿ࡟ࠊ࿴Ἠᘧ㒊୍㤳ࡢḷࢆャࡎࠋࡑࡢḷ࡟ࠊ
1711 㹼 1735 ࠕ㜿Ἴ㬆㛛ࡢࡇ࡜᥎ࡋࡣ࠿ࡿ ࢅࡢࡇࡄࡉ࠾ࡢࡀࡓࡡ࡜࡚࡞ࡿࡶࡢࢆ࠶ࡣࡢ࡞ࡿ࡜ࡣㄡ࠿࠸ࡩࡽࢇࠋࡑࢀࡼࡾࡋ࡚ㄝࠖ ࠕᗈ┈
࡭ࡋࠋࡩࡓ࢐ࡧ㬆ࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡋࠋ
಑ㄝᘚࠖ௒ᣨࡎࡿ࡟㠀࡞ࡾࠋ㸦୰␎㸧ㅖᅜወ㊧⪃பࠊ㜿Ἴࡢ㬆㛛ࡣሷ࡝ࡁ࡟࡞ࢀࡤࠊᒣᾏࡍ࡭
࡚࡝ࢁ࡝ࢁ࡜㬆ࡗ࡚▐┠ࡢ㛫࡟୐ᑻవ࠶ࡀࡿࠋす༡ࡢሷᜥ༑ඵ⏫ࡢႃ࡟ࡏࡲࡿࠋ࠾
ࡧࡓ࢐ࡋࡁࡇ࡜᥎ࡋࡣ࠿ࡿ࡭ࡋࠋࡋࡤࡋࡢ㛫࡟Ṉᒾࡢୖࢆₚࡾ㉺ࡍࡸ࡜࠶ࡿࢆ⪃ࡩ࡭ࡋࠋᐆ ᬺ 10 1760 յ஧ᰗ⴦ࠕ㬆 ᧙㣴ᯘᓮ ᬽ࿘ ࣭ᢇ᱓➨୍ࡢ㝤 ࠺ࡓ࠿ࡓࡸ㜿Ἴࡢ㬆㛛ࡣᢇ᱓➨୍ࡢ㝤࡟ࡋ࡚ఱࡑᕩᓙࡶ∓࡟ฟࢇࠋඛྥࡩࡣῐ㊰ࡢᖺ㛛ぢࡸࡅࠖீ ࣭ᯇࠑᇽࠒ ࡟ࡋ࡚ఱࡑᕩᓙ ⾜⪅ࡀᕌࠋࡘ࡜ᣦฟࡇ࡞ࡓࡣ〄ᓥࠊඓ࡜ࡋ࡚ᓖࡾࠋṈ㛫ࡉࡋΏࡏࡿ஦༑ඵ୎࠶ࡿࢀ๓ ߥ ᴥ ⯪ ߥ ࡶ∓࡟ฟࢇ࡜ࠊᡴぢࡿ࡯࡜ࠊࡸ࠺ࡸࡃ୕ᅄ୎࡟ࡣ㐣ࡲࡋ࡜ࡑ࠾࡯ࡩࠋࡉࡾࡸ୰℩ࡢᒾࡣࡍࡿ࡜
᱓ᓥߥ㘠ᓥߥ
ࡃࡋ࡚ࠊ⨺⭠ࡢዴࡃ₻ࡢᖜࡣ⣽ࡩࡋ࡚⽥⭜࡟ఝࡓࡾࠋࡶࡋ₻ࡢ┒ࡾ࡞ࡿ᫬ࡣ㢼ᕹࢆ㧗 ᓥ ߥ ࡍ ࡃ ࡢ ࣭┠ࡃࡿࡵࡁ௒ ࡼࡃ㊧ࡉࡲ࡟㉮ࡽࡋࡵࠊ ࡲࡃộẼ࡟ᘬࢀ࡚ࡣ㣕ᓥ 㫽 ࡶᛛࡕ⁒ࡿ࡜࠸࡬ࡾࠋ஝‶ᾏ ߥ ᇼ ㉺ ߥ ࠾ ࡑࡲࡇ࡜ࡢ㬆㛛 ࡟ᬒኚ㝜ᬕ࡟═ࡵࢆ␗࡟ࡍࠋࡑࡢ‶ࡿ᫬ࡣ໭࡟㣕ὶࡋࠊདྷᖸࡿ᫬ࡣ༡࡟ỹࡿࠋ‶ᖸ࠿ ࡵ ࡀ ἑ ட ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢྡࡢ ࡟₻ࡢẁኍⓒ࡞ࡋ࡚ࠊซ㧗ప୔࡟ࡶཬࡦࡠࡽࢇࠋ₻ࡢ ᮶ࡍࡿશࠊ༡໭୕㔛ࡣ࠿ࡾᾆ ߥ 㝣㊰ ߥ ᅄ᪉࡟㡪ࡁࡅࡿ ࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊᗏ῝ࡁ஦✲࡚ⓒవᑜ࡟฿ࢀࡾ࡜ࡑࠋᾏ㠃ࡢ ࡣᕸ࡚ⱝ⪨ࡢⲴⴥࡢࡇ࡜ࡃࠊ࠾ Ⲕ ᅬ ࣭ ほ ₻ ࡣᐇࡇ࡜ࢃࡾ࡜ ⓑᾉࡢᒾ࡟○ࡿࡣ኱ᗒࡢᱵⰼࢆ㣕ࡍࠋᮾࡣῐ㊰ᓥ㛗ࡃᶓࡣࡾ㙚ࡀࡣ࡞ࡣࡆ࡟ࡉࡡࡼߥ  ㊰⤒⏤ ࡑࡃࢆ࡝ࡏࡾ࡜ࡑぢࡺࠋࢅࡧࡍᓥ࡟ࡣ㔮⩝ࡢ⣒ࢆࡋࡽ࡭ࠊ〄ᓥ࡟ࡣᾏୖࡢ⾰ࢆ࠿࢏ࡄࠋߥ᧙㣴ᯘᓮ㣕ᓥࡣỈ㫽ࡢᕢࢆႠ࡟౽ࡼࢁࡋࡃࠋ㖯Ꮚࡀཱྀ࡟ࡣ⁺⯚ࡢ㏫ⴠࡋࢆぢࡿࠋ㪉ࡣⰾ㔝ࡢⰼࢆ࠶ࡊࡴࡁࠊ㫺ࡣᯇỤ࡟⨾ࢆ࠶ࡽࡑࡩࠋ₻Ⲩࡃ㢼ࡣࡆࡋࡁ᫬ࡣ㪒㪍ࡶࡓࡸࡍࡃ㉺ࡿ஦࠶ࡓࡣࡋࠋ✜࡞ࡿ᫬ࡣᾏ⪁㫇ࡢࡓࡄࡦࠊࡑࡢ኱࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡣࡑࡢᑠࡉࡁࡶࡢࢆ㏣ࡦࠊᑠࡉࡁࡶࡢࡣࡑࡢ኱࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡟㏣ࢀ࡚ࡓࡀࡦ࡟Ἴୖ࡟㣕࠿ࡩࠋ᫝ཪ㢼ᬒࡢࡦ࡜ࡘஓࠋ࠶ࡉࡶࡼࡦ⣖ࡢ㊰ࡣ⩫㯳࡟ఝ࡚㐲ࡃᮾ༡ࡢኳ࡟࠿࣯ࡾࠊ᧛☻ࡣⓑ㞼ࡢᓟࢆࡘࡽࡠ࡚ࠊ㐭࡟す໭ࡢ═ࢆࡑࡩࠋ㦁ேࡶ࠸ࡲࡔࡇ࡜ⴥࢆᑾࡍ஦ࢆᚓࡎࠋቚᐈࡶấࢆࡇࡇ࡟ᨈࡘࠋᏳỌ 3 1774 ᖺ ն ᳜ ᮧ ᨻ ຾ ୙ヲ࣭᪥ᮏ୍ࡢᾏୖ ᪥ᮏ୍ࡢᾏୖ㞴ᡤஓῐ㊰ࣚࣜ㜿Ἴ࣊୕㔛⯚Ώࢩஓᮾ༡㢼ࢽࣁฟ⯪ࢼࣛࢫす໭ࣀ㢼஧ฟᕹࢫࠋṈࠕ㬆ᡞࠖ ࠕᮏ
኱㞴ᡤஓᡤࡢ₻ᕪᘬࡢ᫬ศࡣ኱஭ᕝࡢὶࡿࡇ࡜ࡋࠋᕪワࡢ᫬ࡣᒾࡶ㞃ࢀࠊ₻ࡶὶࢀࡍࠊᾏୖ
ᮅወ㊧ㄯࠖ㟼࡞ࡾࠋㅖᅜࡢΏᾏ᭷ࠋộᕪᘬࡢ᫬ࡣᒣࡢࡇ࡜ࡃ࡞ࡿ኱Ἴᡴᠱࠊᡤࠎ࡟❧ᒾ᭷࡚ࠊ− 33 −

Ṉᕑ࡟Ἴ࠶ࡓࡾࡍࡉࡲࡋࡃぢࡺࡿࠋ඼୰࡟ࡶ㪉ࡢ㔮⯪᭷ࠋ㬆ᡞ㪉࡜ப࡚⨾࿡࡟ࡋ࡚ྡ≀ஓࠋ୕㔛ษᡞࠋ㬆ᡞࡢෆ࡟ᓥ୕ࡘ᭷ࠋ㣕ᓥࠊ࠶ࡩᓥࠊ⏕Ꮚᐟᓥ࡞ࡾࠋ㬆ᡞࡢ῝ࡉᘨⓒᑜ᭷࡜࠸ࡩࠋ㬆ᡞࡼࡾ⯪࡟஌ࡾୖࡿᡤࡣ᧙㇂࡜பᡤஓࠋῐ㊰㜿Ἴࡢᅜቃஓࠋࠊኳ ᫂ ඖ 1781 շ ຍ ⸨ ᬒ ⠊ ࠕ ࠶ ࡩ ࡢ ᓥ ࠖ ࣭࠾ࡶࡩ࡟Ṉᾏ ☾ࡼࡾࡉࡋฟࡓࡿᓥࢆࠊ࠶ࡩࡢᓥ࡜࠸ࡩࠊࡑࡢࡉࡁࡼࡾ኱ẟᒣ࡟࠿࢏ࡾࠊᒽ㐨ࢆᘔᖺ
ࠕほ℀グࠖߥ኱ẟᓥߥ 㝣 ࡢᗏ࡜ࡇ࡞ࡵࡢ ࡾ࡚ᓟ࡟ࡢࡰࢀࡤࠊᾏࡣ㙾ࡢࡸ࠺࡟࠿࢐ࡸࡃࠊ࠿
㊰ ࠑ ᒽ 㐨 ࢆ ᘔ ᒾ࡟࡚ࠊࡑࡢ㛫 ࡃἼ㢼ࡢ࡞ࡂࡓࡿࢆṇẸぢ࡚ࠊ⯚࡟࡚ࡃ࡭࠿ࡾࡅࡿࡶࡢࢆࡤࠊ⯪㛗ࡀఱ࡟ᚓࡣ࠿ࡽࡾ ࡚ ᓟ ࡟ ࡢ ࡰ ࡟࠶ࡾ࠿ࡡࠊᅵ ࡠ࠿ࡓࡦஓࡅࡾ࡜ࡘࡲࡣࡖࡁࡍࠊṈᓟࡢࡣ࡚࡞ࡿᡤ࡟Ⲕீ࠶ࡾࠊࡇ࢏࡟ᒃ࡚ぢࢀࡤࠊࢀࡤࠒ ߥⲔீ ࡢᗏ࡜࡯ࡾࡓࡿ ࡇ࡞ࡓࡢ☾ࡣ࡞ࢀࡓࡿᡤ࡟ࠊᓖ࡚ࡿᓥࢆࡣࡔ࠿ᓥ࡜࠸ࡩࠊࡴࡽ࠸࡞ࡿྡࡣࠊࡓࡀࡁ࣭ほ₻࡟ࠊ✰࠸ࡃࡑࡤ ࡏࡅࡿࡠࢀࡂࡠ࡟࠿࠶ࡽࢇࠊᯇ࠾࡯ࡃࡋࡆࡾ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡽࡣ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡽࡎࠊࡑࡢ༡࡟㯮ࡁࡃ࡜࡞ࡃ᭷࡞ࡿ ᒾᒣࢆ࡜ࡧᓥ࡜࠸ࡩࠊᮾࡣῐ㊰ᓥ࡟࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡦࡓ⾲࡟ࡴ࠿ࡩࠊᓟࡢすࡢ࠿ࡓ࡬ࡘࡽ
࡭ࡋ࡞ࡾฟࡓࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢࡋࡲ᰿࡜ࠊࡣࡔ࠿ᓥ࡜୍㔛ࡤ࠿ࡾ࡞ࡿࡀࠊ࠶ࡣࡦᒾ℩ࡢࡸ࠺࡟ⓑᾉࡉࢃࡄᡤ㬆㛛࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢ࠶ࡓࡾ ࡲࡃࠊ࠾ࡶࡩ࡟Ṉᾏࡢᗏ࡜ࡇ࡞ࡵࡢᒾ࡟࡚ࠊ
ࡑࡢ㛫࡟࠶ࡾ࠿ࡡࠊᅵࡢᗏ࡜࡯ࡾࡓࡿ࡟ࠊ✰࠸ࡃࡑࡤࡃ࡜࡞ࡃ᭷࡞ࡿ࡭ࡋࠊ၈ᅵ࡟
㪪✰ᑿ㛿⃝↔࡞࡝ࠊ࠶ࡽࡠࡇ࡜ࢃࡾࢆ࠿ࡲ࡬ฟࡏࡿࡶࠊṈࡓࡄࡦ࡞ࡿ࡭ࡋࠊⴠ₻ࡢࡉ࠿ࡾࡢࡉࡲࢆࡁࡃ࡟ࠊἼࡢୖ࡟ᩘࡋࡽࡎ࠺ࡎࡲࡃࡀࠊぢࡿࡀ࠺ࡕ࡟ࡃࡰ࠿࡟ᚰࡸ
ࢆࡕ࠸ࡾ࡚ࡩ࠿ࡃධࡾࠊᾏ࡙ࡽ㧗ࡃࡦࡁࡃࠊ㝿ࡔ࡚࢏ᙼ ࡢ୰࡬℧ࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚ⴠࡿࠊ
ࡑࡢࡦ࢐ࡁࡣᒣ࡜࢐ࢁࡁᕑࡺࡍࡿࠊṈ༡ࡼࡾ໭ࡼࡾⴠࡃࡿ࠺ࡋ࡯ࠊࡇ࢏࡟⾜࠶ࡩ࡯࡝࡟ࠊᒣࡢࡈ࡜ࡁἼࢆ࠾࡜ࡍࡵࡾࠊࡑࡢ₻ࡢ࡜ࡁ஦ࠊ▮ࢆࡓ࡜ࡩࡿࡶ࡟ࡪࡃࠊࡳࡿ
࡟ࡵࡃࡿࡵࡃ࡜࡞ࢇࠊ௒ᑡࡋࡣࡸ࠿ࡽࡤࠊࡑࢀࢆぢࡿ࡭ࡁ࡟࡜ࠊཱྀࠎ࡟࠺ࡽࡴࡿ࡟ࠊ
ᓟஂࡣ⪥ࢆఱ᪉࡬ࡶࡸࡽࡲ࡯ࡋࡆ࡞ࡾࠊ
ኳ᫂ 6 1786 ᖺ ո ୕ Ꮿ ⷜ ᒣ Ώ ࡋ ⯚ ߥ 㖯 Ꮚ ࣭࠿࠺ࡸ࠺ࡢወ ୺ࡢᑟ࡟࡚㬆㛛ぢ࡟ࡲ࠿ࡿࠋᒣ࡟ධỈ࡟ῧ࡚ࠊ㧗ࡁᓟࡼࡾ㐶࡟═ୗࡍ࡟ࠊᑠᓥᗄࡘ
ࠕ὾෇ᗙཱྀࠖߥ㧗ᓥߥ ሷ ᬒࡣ࠿ࡾึࡵࡢ ࡶ❧஺ࡾࠊᡴ᮶ࡿ₻ࡣࡓ࢐㞷ࡢᒣࢆ࡞ࡋࠊࡉࡋᑐ࡬ࡿῐ㊰ࡢᒣࠎࡣᡭ࡟࡜ࡿᩯ࡟ぢ὾ ࡢ ␏ ࢆ ⦪ ᶓ ➹ࡢ෗ࡋฟ࡬ࡁ ࡺࠋபࡶࡇ࡜᪂ࡋࡅࢀ࡜ࠊ࠿࠺ࡸ࠺ࡢወᬒࡣ࠿ࡾึࡵࡢ➹ࡢ෗ࡋฟ࡬ࡁ஦࡟ࡣ᭷ࡉᅇ ࡾ ࡚ ߥ ᒣ ஦࡟ࡣ᭷ࡊࡾࡅ ࡾࡅࡽࡋࠋ ␎ ᰘேࡢ㏻ࡦ㊰ࢆఏࡦ࡚ࠊᑠᯇ⏕ࡓࡿố࡟ୗࡿࠋࡇ࢏ࡣ∾ሙࡶ࠶ࡿࡼ
࡟ධỈ࡟ῧ࡚ࠊ ࡽࡋࡋ࡟࡚⏒ᗈ࠺ࠊ₻᫬ࡣṈࢃࡓࡾ㎾ࡶ‶᮶ࡿࡉࡲ࡟࡚ࠊ◁࠸ࡓࡃࡋࡵࢀࡾࠋᒣࢆす࡬࠶ࡸࡋࡢᚄࢆ
㑃ࢀࡣࠊᅵబἩ࡜ࡸࡽࢇபࡿᡤࡢᒣ㝜࡟୍ᶞࡢᯇ࠶ࡾࠊࡴ࠿ࡋᑠᐓ┦ࡢᒁࠊࡇ࢏ࡢ
୍㔛వࡶศࡍ
ᾏ࡟ỿࢀࡋ᫬அࢆᠱࡽࢀࡅࡿࠋࡁ ߥࠕ㧗ࡁᓟࠖ
ࡼࡾ㐶࠿࡟═
ࡵୗࡍ࣭ほ₻

− 34 −

ኳ᫂ 6 1786 ᖺ չ ୕ Ꮿ ⯆ 㐨 ⚟ Ⰻ ߥ 㝣 ㊰ ࣭ࡇ࢏ࡣ㨱ᡤஓ ࡅࡩࡣ࠸࡜ࡲ࠶ࢀࡣ㬆ᡞぢ࡟ࡺࡃᚚ౪ࡏࡋࠊ㟋ᱵ࡜࠸ࡩൔࡢᮃ࡟ࡼࢀࡾࠊ୍㔛༙ᩯࠕ㬆㛛᪥グࠖ ߥ ⾜ ⪅ ᒣ ࣭ ⾜ ࡉࡅࡧࡓࡲࡩ࡞ ⾜ࡣᒣ㧗ࡃ㐨⣽ࡋࠊᒣࢆୖࡾࡘࡁཪୗࢀࡣࡉ࠿ࡋࡁᕑ☾࡟ࡳࡕࡼࡇࡓࡣࡾࠊཪ࡞࢏⪅ ᗡ ࣭ ほ ₻ ߥ ࡜᱌ෆ⪅ࡀ࡜࢐ ࡵ࡟ཪࡍࡄ࡟ཪ࠿ࡉ࡞ࡾࡓࡕࡓࡾࠊ▼ゅࢆࡘࡓࡳࠊᒾ✰ࢆࡃ࢏ࡾ࡞࡜ࡋ࡚⾜ࠊ₻ᒾ  ㊰ ⤒ ⏤ ߥ ࡴࡿ࡟✵࠾ࡑࢁ ᰿ࢆὙࡩࠊ༴ࡋ࡚ࢃࡁࡵࡶࡩࡽࡎࠊ࠿ࡃ࡚ⓑࡁ◁ཎࢆࡍࡁࠊཪ㧗ࡁᒣ࡟ࡢ࡯ࡿࠊ༑
⚟Ⰻࡋࡃ஬භ୎వ࡟࡚ᑡࡋᖹ࡞ࡿᡤ࠶ࡾࠊẟằࡋࡁࡓࡤࡇࡍࡦ㬆㛛ࢆࡢࡑࡴࠊࡇ࢏ࡣ⾜⪅ᒣ࡜࠸ࡩࠊ ␎ ⊰ྡᡤࡢྡࡇࡾ࠾ࡋࡃ࠿࠼ࡾࡳࢀࡣ㢼ᛛ࡟྿ⴠ࡚ ࡃࡿࡃࡿ࡜ࡵࡄࡾ࣭ ࡃࡿࡃࡿ࡜ ඼㛫࡟Ἴࡢ㣕ࡧ❧ࡉࡲ࠸࡜࠾ࡑࢁࡋࠊ
ࡵࡄࡾ඼㛫࡟Ἴ
ࡢ㣕ࡧ❧ࡉࡲ࠸
࡜࠾ࡑࢁࡋ
ᐶᨻ 3 1791 ᖺ պ⼖ክᚨ ᓥ ߥ ᧙ 㣴 ߥ ࣭ ࠶ࡿࡋࡣ₻ࡢ ࠶ࡃࢀࡣ㜿Ἴࡢᅜቃ኱ᆏࡇ࠼࡜࠸ࡩࡉ࠿ࡋࡁᒣࢆࡇࡺࠊ㔠Ἠᑎ࡜࠸ࡩ࡟ユ࡚ྜྷ㔝ᕝࠕᅄᅜ࡟΅ࡿ ᅵ బ Ἡ ߥ ᚐ ࡉࡋ᮶ࡿ᫬ࡇࡑ ࡜࠸ࡩࢆ⯚࡟࡚ࡇࡺࠊỈୖࡣᅵబࡢᅜࡼࡾฟ࡚ࠊᮎ㐲ࡁ኱Ἑ࡞ࡾࠊᚨᓥࡢᇛࡢ࠿ࡓグࠖṌ ߥ ࠾ Ⲕ ᅬ ᮶ࡾࡓࢀ࡜ᅵჾ ࡯࡜ࡾ࡞ࡿ㟷ᶲᒃኈ࠿ᐙ࡟ࡸ࡜ࡿࠊࡘ࡜ࡵ࡚❆ࢆࡦࡽࡃ࡟ࡦࡁࡃᶓࢆࢀࡿᒣࡢ┱ࡢᅜࡢᏲࡢ㬆㛛 ࢆ࠾ࡃ࡟ࠊㄡࡶ ࡇ࡜ぢ࠼ࡅࢀࡣࠊ୍ ぴ ࡢ ᡤ ࣭ ࠿ ࡣ⠂ࢆᤞ࡚ࠊ࠶
┱ᒣࡸᮅࡢ㞼ࡣࡃ㟷࠶ࡽࡋࡾ ࡑ ࡵ ࡟ ⱴ ࡶ ࠿ࡽࡵࡶࡏࡍ࡟ ࡉ࠸ࡩࡣ࠿ࡾࡢ✵࡜࠸ࡦࡅࡩࡣ᪤ᮃ࡞ࡾ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࡢࡉ࠿ࡾ࡞ࡿࢆぢࡏࢇ࡜࡚࠶ࡿࡋ࡚ ࡩ ࡅ ࡿ ࡟ ➉ ࡞࠿ࡵධࡿࠊ
᱌ෆࡋࡶ࡚ࡺࡃࠊຓ௵࡜࠸ࡩ⏫࡟㒔ࡢ㩃ᇽඛ⏕࠿ఫࡿᐙࢆᑜࡡࠊࡇࡋ࠿ࡓࢆㄒࡾ࡚
ࢃࡓࡋ࡚ᷦࡢ
ఱࡃࢀ࡜ࡶ࡚࡞ࡋ⤥ࡩ࡟᫬ࡢ࠺ࡘࡿࢆࡋࡽࡍࠊࡑࡢᐙࢆฟ࡚ࡣ࡚࡞ࡁ㔝ࢆ⾜ࡁࠊἙࡉ ࡲ ࡟ ࡋ ࡘ ࡽ ࣭ࡑࡢⓑࡁἼࡢ ࠸ࡃࡘ࡜࡞ࡃࢃࡓࡿࠊ኱࠿ࡓἙከࡁᅜ࡞ࡾࠊ⾜ࠎ࡚ᒣࡢୗ࡟࠸ࡓࡿࠊᮌὠ⚄࡜࠸ࡩ࡬ ࡿ ᱞ 㗤 ࡵ ࡅ Ἳࠊ୍ࡍࡕࡢⓑ ྡᡤ࡜ࡸࠊ᧙㣴࡜࠸ࡩ㔛࡟ධ࡚ࠊ࠶ࡿᐙ࡟᱌ෆࡢேࡢඛධࡿ࡟ࠊࡸ࠿࡚࠿ࡓ࡬ࡢ㛛ࡿ ᡤ ࡟ ᖥ ᘬ ằ ࡁᾏࡢ୰ᕝࢆ࡞ ࡦ࢏࠿ࡏ࡚ᣍࡁධࡿࠊ㊰ḟ࡞࢏ࡵ࡟ᮌ❧ᒣ㔛ࡵࡁ࡚ࡺࢅ㸭㹚ࡋࡁᐙᒃ࡞ࡾࠊ࠶ࡿࡋᩜ ࡏ ࡚ ᆘ ࢆ ࡲ ࡋ࡚ὶࡿ࢏஦ࡢ ࡴ࠿࡬ฟ࡚ࡓ࠸ࡵࡋࠊ㐨ࡢࡘ࠿ࢀࢆࡡࡁࡽࡦⲔ㯶ࡋࡶ࡚࡞ࡋ࡚ࠊ⩣ࡣ₻ࡢࡼࡁࡇࢁ
࠺ࡅࡓࡾ ࣭ほ ᪩ࡉࡣ⁪ᕝࡢໃ ࡞ࡾࠊ㬆㛛ぢࡏ⏦ࡉࢇࠊኟࡢኪࡢ▷ࡁ࡟࠸ࡡࡉࡏ⤥࡬ࡸ࡜࠸ࡩ࡟ࠊ᱌ෆࡢ⏨࡜ᐷࡠࠊ₻ߥ ㏄࠼ࡢ⯚ ࠶ࡾࠊ㐲║㙾ࢆ ଢ଼ࡳࡘẚ࡟ࡸ᭷ࡅࢇࠊ≀ࡢ㡪ࡋᯖࢆ࡜࢏ࢁ࠿ࡍ࡟┠ぬ࡚ぢࢀࡣࠊᯖୖ࡟࠶ࡿ⇠ࡢᙳ࡟࡚ᖐࡿ࠿ࡅ࡚ぢࢀࡣࠊ ࡺࡽࡵࡁࠊἜࡢࡇ࡯ࡿ࢏࡟࠺ࡕ㦫ࡁ࡞࠿ࡽࠊᚰࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ᛮࡩࡣྡ࡟ࡦ࢏ࡅࡿ㬆㛛ࡢࡑࡢⓑࡁ₻ࡢ➽ ࢃࡓࡾ㏆ࡅࢀࡣࠊࡑࡢ₻ࡢ㡪ࡅࡿ࡞ࡽࡵ࠶࡞࠶ࡸࡋ࡜ࠊࡦ࡜ࡾࡇࡘ࡟࠿ࡓ࡬ࡢ⏨ࡢࡣṦ࡟పࡃࠊ㟷 ࠿ࡣ࡜㉳࡚ࠊࡇࡣࡅࡋ࠿ࡽࡍࡢ࡞ࢄ࡜பࡘ࢏ࡣࡦࡾ࡚ࠊ᫂ࡾࡏ࠺ࡋࢆ࠶ࡃࡿ࡟ᐙࡢ
ࡁ₻ࡣ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾ ෆࡉࢃࡁ❧࡚ࠊୡ࡞ࢆࡋ㸭㹚࡜ཱྀࠎ࡟࠸ࡩኌࡍࠊ࠶ࡿࡋࡣࡋࡑࡃ࠿࢏ࡅ࡚ࡲࡽ࠺ே
࡚ࠊⓑࡁἼࠊ㟷 ࡣࡸࡃฟࡉࡏ⋢࡬ࠊ࠶ࡸࡲࡕࡋ⤥ࡩ࡬ࡋ࡜࡜ࡼࡴ࡟ࠊࡓࡕୖࡽࢇ࡜ࡍࡿ࡟㊊ࡢࡋ࡜ࡁ℀ࠊ࠺ࡕࡲࡋ ࢁ࡞ࡿ࡟ࠊࡲࡓࡩࡳࡋࡵࢇ࡜ࡍࡿ㛫࡟ࠊࡍࡇࡋ࡞ࡇࡳࡠࢀࡣࠊ௒ࡣ࡜࡚ࡶ࡜ࡢฎ࡟

− 35 −

ࡾ࡚㟷ⓑࡢ⣒ࢆ ୗࡾᒃࡿ࡟ࠊࢆࡢࢀ࠸ࡩᖺ᭶ከࡃࡢ᪑ࡣࡏࡋ࠿࡜ࡉࡿࡍࡉࡲࡋࡁ࡞ࢄ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡲࡓ࠶
ࡳࡓࡏࡿ࡟᪥ࡢ ࡣࡉࡾࡋࠊዴἲࡇࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࡣ㬆㛛ࡢℿ࡟㏆ࡃ࡚ࡉࡿࡇ࡜ࡢᖖ࡟࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࢇࠊ₻㊰ࡢᙳࡢἼ࡟࠺ࡘࡾ ᪑ࡇࡑࡶࡢ࠺ࡅࢀ࡜ࢃࡩࡿࢆ࠸࠿࡚Ṉᅜ࡜࡚ࡶࡉࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࠶ࡽࢇࠊᡃ⏕ฟ࡚ᅄ༑ᖺ
࡚ࡁࡽࡵࡅࡿ኱ ࡲࡾ⪺ࡶཬࡣࡍ࡜࠸࡬࡜ࠊࡉࡍ࠿࡟᪑ᚰ࠾ࡕࢄࡍክࡶࡴࡍࡣ࡚᫂ࢃࡓࡿ࡟ࠊ࠶ࡿࡋ
⺬ࡢ㔠ࡢ㫣ࡢග ࡘ࡜ࡼࡾ㉳᮶ࡾ࡚࠸ࡩࠊࡅࡩࡢ₻ࡣᕭࡢࡣࡋࡵ࡟ࡑࡉࡍࠊࡑࡢ₻࡟࠾ࡃࢀ࡞ࡣࡏࢇ
ࡿ࠿ࡇ࡜ࡃ┠ࡃ ࡞ࡁ࡞࠿ࡵ࡞ࡾࠊࡣࡸฟࡓࡕ⤥࡬ࠊ㐨ࡢ࡯࡜ࡶ㐲ࡋ࡜ࡦࡋࡵࡁ࡚ദࡍࠊṈᐙ࡟᪥ࡇࢀ࡚ぢࡿ࡬ࡃࡶ ࢁ㞴Ἴே࡟㇏Ἠ࡜࠸ࡩ⤮༤ኈࡢ᮶ࡓࡾᒃࡿ࠶ࡾࠊࡘ࠸࡚ࡼࡅࢀࡤ࡜కࡦࡺࡃࠊࡑࡢ
࠶ࡽࡍࠊࡲࡋ࡚ ඛ࡟ධỤ࠶ࡾࠊࡴ࠿ࡩࡣᯇᒣぢ࠼⯚࡜ࡶከࡃ⧅࡚ࡼࡁᡤࡼ࡜ࡵࡘࡿ࡟ࠊ࠶ࡿࡋபࡴ
ộࡢ㡢ࡣᩘࡢ⚄ ࡬ࠊ∓ࢆࡇࡑᅵబࡢἩ࡜࡚ࠊࡑࡢ࠿ࡳ㈏அࡢᅵబࡢ௵ࡣ࡚࢏ୖࡾ⤥ࡩグ࡟ࡶ࠾ࡶࡋ
ࡢ㬆ࡣࡓࡵࡃ࠿ ࢁࡁᡤ࡟⯚ࢆࡼࡏ࡚ࡇ࢏ࡸ࠸ࡘࡇ࡜ၥ࡟ᅵబࡢἩ࡜࠸ࡦࡅࡿࠋࡋࡣࡋ᭷ࡋᡤࡢྡࡓ࡜ぬ࠼࡚ᒣ࡟ࡇ ࡃࡦ࡟࡚࠶࡞ࡿ࠶ࡣࢀ࡜ப࡚ࡼࡵࡿḷࡓ࡬ố࡟ࡦࡦࡁ
࡜ࡋẚࡢఫࡋᡤࡢྡ࡟࠾࡬ࡣࡁࡼࡿἼࢆࡶယ࡜ࡑぢࡿࢃࡓࢀࡾࠊ࡜ャࡋᡤஓࠊྠࡌグ࡟࠶ࡿያᓥࡣᮾ࡟࠶ࡓࡾ࡚ࡳࡺࡿᓥஓࠊ௒ࡢேࡣ἟ᓥ࡜᭩ࡾ࡜
ࢆࡋࡺࠊ⯚ࢆୖࡾ࡚⾜ࠎᾏࢆྑ࡟࡞ࡋ࡚┿◁㊰ࢆ࠶ࡺࡴࠊ☾ᒣࢆᕥ࡟ࡍࠊࡑࡇࡽ☾カᯇ࡟㭯ࡢᕢࡃࡦࡅࡿ࠿ᯞࡶࡓࡣ࢏࡟ぢࡺࠊཪ㔝㤿ࡢ࠸ࡃࡽ࡜࡞ࡃố࡟ୗࡾᒃࡅࡿ
࠿ேࡢ᮶ࡿࢆぢ࡚ᒣࡢ᪉࡟࠿ࡅࡺࡃࠊࡇࡣዪ㤿࡟࡚ᾏ㮵࡜࠸ࡩࡶࡢ࢏ᾏࡼࡾฟ࡚ࠊ
ࡇࡢ㤿࡜ࡲࡋࡣࢀࡣⰋ㤿ࢆᚓ࡜࡚㣴࠾ࡅࡿ∾࡞ࡾ࡜ࡑࠊ㸦␎㸧ᒣࢆᾏࡢ࠿ࡓ࡬ୗࡿᡤ
࡟ᑠ⚆❧ࡾࠊ⎼᫂㷊࡜㫽ᒃ࡟㢠ࢆ࠺࡚ࡾࠊ㸦␎㸧ᚋࡢᒣ࡟ᾏࢆ┠ࡢୗ࡟࡞ࡋ࡚ࡓࡦࡽ
࠿࡞ࡿᡤ࠶ࡾࠊᅜࡢᏲࡢ㬆㛛୍ぴࡢᡤ࡜࡚ࠊ࠿ࡾࡑࡵ࡟ⱴࡶ࡚ࡩࡅࡿ࡟➉ࢃࡓࡋ࡚ᷦࡢࡉࡲ࡟ࡋࡘࡽ࡬ࡿᱞ㗤ࡵࡅࡿᡤ࡟ᖥᘬằᩜࡏ࡚ᆘࢆࡲ࠺ࡅࡓࡾࠊࡑࡢᆘ࡟ࡘࡁ࡚ぢࢃࡓࡍ࡟ࠊ┿ྥࡩࡣῐ㊰ࡢᅜ⾜⪅࠿ࡣ࡞࡜࡚ᾏ୰࡬ࡘ࡜ࡉࡋฟࡓࡿᓮ࡟࡚ࠊࡑ
ࡢ㛫ᾏࡢ㠃୍㔛࡜࠸࡬࡜≀ப࠿ࡣࡍ࡬ࡃぢࡺࠊࡑࡢᾏࡢ༙࡟ᕑ࠸ࡃࡽࡶ❧ࡾࠊࡑࢀࢆ୰℩࡜࠸࡬ࡾࠊ᫝⚄ࡢ௦࡟ࡶ₻᪩ࡋ࡜பࡋࠊ⢖㛛࡟࡚ேࡢ௦࡟ࡣ㜿Ἴࡢ㬆㛛࡜ࡣカࡋࡠࡿஓࠊࡋ࠿ࢀ࡜ࡶ௒ぢࡿ࡟₻ࡢࡣࡸࡃⴠࡕࡠࡿࡅࡋࡁࡶ㡪ࡁࢃࡓࡿ㡢ࡶ࠶ࡽ࡚ࠊ࠾ࡓࡸ࠿࡞ࡿᾏࡼ࡜࠸ࡩ࠿ࡋࠊ࠿ࢀࡣ࠶ࡿࡋ࡯ࡇࡾ㢦࡟࡚௒ᮅࡋࡶ࠸ࡑ࠿ࡣࡋ
ࡃ࠸ࡉ࡞ࡦཧࡽࡏࡋࡣࠊࡲࡘ࠿ࡃᾏࡢ㟼࡞ࡿᵝ࡟ࠊࡸ࠿࡚࠶ࡽࡁἼࡢ❧ࢄࡿጞࡵ⤊ࡾࢆぢࡏࡲ࠺ࡉࡵ࡜ࡡࢇࡋࡅࡿ࡟ࠊᛮࡩ࠿ࡇ࡜ࡃ࡟࡚㧗ྡࡘ࠿ࡲࡘࢀࡾࠊࡉࡽࡣ࡜
࡚ࡶࡓࡏࡓࡿ◚Ꮚ➉ⴥ࡜࠺ฟ࡚࠿ࡣࡽࡅࡲ࠸ࡿ࡜࡚ࡳࡉ࠿࡞࡟ࡣ࡞࡟ࡼࡅࢇࠊ⺙ࡶࡶ࡜ࡵࡋࠊࡉ࢏ࢅࡶࡵࡘࡽࡋ࠿ࡽࡋࠊࡇࡢᾏࡢࡉࡕ࡞ࡿ࠶࠿ࡵࡇࡑࠊ㬆㛛ࡢ㪉ࡢ࠸ࢆ࡜࡚ࠊୡࡢᾏ࡟ࡲࡉࡾࡓࡿࡢྡ࠶ࡿࢆࡲ࠸ࡽࡏࢇ࡟࠸࠿࡟ࡏࢇࠊࡑ࠺ࡋ࡟ࡉ࡬࠾

− 36 −

ࡣࡍࢀࡣ࠸࡜ཱྀࢆࡋࠊࡉࢀ࡜ࡇࡇ࡟ཪ࡞ࡁ≀ࡣྂ≀ㄒ࡟㬆㛛ࡢᑡᑗ࡜࠶ࡓྡࡏࡋࡺ
ࢅࡶࠊṈᾏ࡟⏕ࡩ࿴ᕸ࡟࡚࠶ࡽࡁ₻࡟ࡶࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡜࿴ࡽ࠿࡟࿡ࡢጁ࡞ࢀࡣ࡞ࡿ࡜ࡢ
ࡵ࡜࡚ࡶ࡚ࡣࡸࡍ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡲ࠸ࡽࡏࡼ࡜ࠊ඼ࡲ࢏ㄪࡋฟࡏࡿ࡟ᐇࡶபࡋ࡟ࡓ࠿ࡣ
ࡍࠊ⪁࠿ࡴཱྀ࡟ࡶ࠿࡞ࡦ࡚ࠊࡇࡼ࡞ࡁ࿡࡞ࡾࠊ࠶ࡿࡋࢆࡣࡋࡵேࠎࡣ࠿ࡢ㨶ࢆ㣗ࡦ࡚ࠊ࠿ࡣࡽࡅࡵࡃࡽࡍ࡟ࠊ⤮༤ኈࡣ➹ࢆྲྀ࡚ࠊᾏࡢ᭷ᵝࢆ෗ࡋᒃࡋ࠿ᾏࡢୖ࡟ⓑࡁࡶࡢ࢏ฟ᮶ࡋࡣ࡞ࡑ࡜࠸ࡩ࡟ࠊ࠶ࡿࡋࡣ₻ࡢࡉࡋ᮶ࡿ᫬ࡇࡑ᮶ࡾࡓࢀ࡜ᅵჾࢆ࠾ࡃ
࡟ࠊㄡࡶࡣ⠂ࢆᤞ࡚ࠊ࠶࠿ࡽࡵࡶࡏࡍ࡟࡞࠿ࡵධࡿࠊ⸛ࡢࡇ࡜ࡓ࢏࡬ࡋᾏࡢ୰࡟ⓑࡁἻࡢ‪ୖࡿࡣࡉ࡞࠿ࡽⓑ⋢ࢆࡣࡋࡃࡿዴࡃ࡟ࠊཪᕮࡢᏐࢆ࡞ࡋࠊࡲࡓ᫓ࡢࡵࡃࡾ
㌴ࡢ㍯ࡢࡲࢁࡩ࡟ఝࡓࡿ࡟୰℩࡟⫇❧ࡓࡿᒾ࡜ࡶࡢぢ࠼ࡳぢ࠼ࡍࡳࠊⓑἼ❧ࡉࡣࡃࠊࡑࡢⓑࡁἼࡢἻࠊ୍ࡍࡕࡢⓑࡁᾏࡢ୰ᕝࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚ὶࡿ࢏஦ࡢ᪩ࡉࡣ⁪ᕝࡢໃ࠶ࡾࠊ
㐲║㙾ࢆ࠿ࡅ࡚ぢࢀࡣࠊࡑࡢⓑࡁ₻ࡢ➽ࡣṦ࡟పࡃࠊ㟷ࡁ₻ࡣ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾ࡚ࠊⓑࡁἼࠊ㟷ࡁ℀ࠊ࠺ࡕࡲࡋࡾ࡚㟷ⓑࡢ⣒ࢆࡳࡓࡏࡿ࡟᪥ࡢᙳࡢἼ࡟࠺ࡘࡾ࡚ࡁࡽࡵࡅࡿ኱⺬ࡢ㔠ࡢ㫣ࡢගࡿ࠿ࡇ࡜ࡃ┠ࡃࢀ࡚ぢࡿ࡬ࡃࡶ࠶ࡽࡍࠊࡲࡋ࡚ộࡢ㡢ࡣᩘࡢ⚄ࡢ㬆ࡣࡓࡵࡃ࠿࡜ぬ࠼࡚ᒣ࡟ࡇࡓ࡬ố࡟ࡦࡦࡁࢃࡓࢀࡾࠊ
ᩓࡳࡓࡍ༲Ἴࡢⰼࡢ㬆㛛ဢ࠶ࡿࡋᣦࡉࡋ࡚࠸ࡩࡣࠊࡣࡿ࠿࡟⣖ࡢ㊰ࡢ㐣ከࡾ᮶ࡿᕹࡢᙳ࠶ࡾࠊ࠿ࡢ⯚࡜ࡶࡢࡇࡢ㢼࡟஌࡚ࠊࡇࡢᾏࢆࡇ࠼ࢇ࡜࡚ࡣࡍࡿ࡞ࡾࠊࡅࡩࡢ═ࡣࡇࡢ⯚࡟ࡇࡑ࠶ࢀ࡜࠸ࡩ
࡟ࠊ㐲ࡁ⯚ࡢࡉࡣ࠿ࡾ㏿࡟᮶࡬ࡁࡶࡢ࠿࡜࠸ࡩ࠿ࡾᛮࡩ࡟ࠊࡲࡓ࢏ࡃ࠺ࡕ࡟ࡑࡢ⯚࡜ࡶࡇࡢᒣ㝜ࡢ㣕ᓥࡣࡓ࠿ᓥ࡜࠸ࡩ஧ࢵࡢᓥ㝫ࡲ࡚᮶ࢀࡾࠊ㏆ࡃ࡞ࡾ࡚ぢࢀࡣ኱ࡁࡸ࠿࡞ࡿ⯪࡟࡚ࠊᕹࡣ஑ྜ࡜࠿ࡸ࠸ࡩ࡟࠶ࡅࡓࡾࠊ࡞࠿ࡿ࢏ộࡢ୰࡬⯚ࢆࡉࡋྥࡿ
࡟ᕹࡣᘪࡢዴࡃᙇࡓࢀ࡜ⴠࡿộࡢໃ࡟ࡏࡁⴠࡉࢀ࡚ࡸࡴ࠿ࡩ࡬ࡣࡍ࢏ࡲ࡚ࡓ࢏ᚋࡢ
࠿ࡓ࡬ᢲࡶ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚⤊࡟ࡶ࡜ࡢᓥ㝫࡟ࡓࡓࡼࡦ࡚ᕹࢆୗࡍࠊࡸ࢏ᬻ࠶ࡾ࡚ཪᕹࢆ࠶
ࡃࡿ࡟Ⴒ࿧ࡢ⯚ேࡼ࡞࡜࠸ࡩ⛬࡟ࠊ₻ࡢࡼࡣࡾࡸࡋࡠࡽࢇࠊ୰℩ࡲ࡚஌࠿ࡅࡓࡿࢆ
↓ୗ࡟㏆ࡅࢀࡣぢୗࡍ࡟ࠊ⯚ࡢ࠺ࡕ࠶ࡁࡽ࠿࡟ぢࡺࡿ࡟⯚ே࡜ࡶࡢኌࢆᕹ࡟࠶ࡅ࡚
ᕹ⥘ࢆᘬࡘࡺࡿࡵࡠ࡜ぢࡿ㛫࡟㏕㛛ࢆࡇ࠼ࡠࡿࡼࡾࡑࡢ⯚ㄔ࡟ኳࡢ☬⯚ࡢ࠶ࡲ࠿ࡅ
ࡿ࡞࡜࠸ࡩ࡬ࡃ㣕ࡺࡁ࡚ࠊ┠ࡩࡿ࠺ࡕ࡟ᕹࡢᙳࡕ࠸ࡉࡃࡣࡸ࠺㬆㛛ࡢ࠶ࡓࡾࢆࡍࡃ
࡜࠸ࡩࠊ㢼ࡣࡸࡃ㬆ᡞࡢ✵ࡢ⯚ࡼࡾࡶ࡜ዪᡣࡢ㌟࡟ࡓ࡜࡬ࠊୡࡢ୰ࢆࢃࡓࡾࡃࡽ࡬
࡚௒ࡑࡋࡿ࡜ἲᖌࡢୡࢆほࡋࡠࡿࡶ࠸ࡓࡘࡽ࡞ࡽࡴࡩࡿࡇ࡜ࡼ࡜ᩘ࡬ฟࡠࠊࡇࢀࡼ
ࡾᖐࡾ࡟㔛ࡢ⻝ࡢ࠶ࡓࡾぢࢇࠊ࠶ࡽࡲࡋ࡞ࡾࡋࡶ㏄ࡦࡢ⯚ࡢ₻࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ᚰ࡟ࡲ࠿ࡏ
ࡍవᡤ࡟࡞ࡾࡠࠊࡲࡓࡢ᪥ࡣῐ㊰࡬ࢃࡓࡽࢇ࡜࡚⯚ࡣࡋࡽࡏࡿ࡟ࠊࡁࡢࡩぢࡋ㬆㛛− 37 −

ࡢộࡢὶ࡟⯚○ࢀࡠ࡬ࡃ≀ࡶぬࡡࡣ➹࡜ࡿ࡬ࡃࡶ࠶ࡽࡍࠊ
ᐶᨻ 4 1792 ᖺ ջᾏ㔞ࠕῐ㊰ࠖ ⚟Ⰻࡢᾆߥ 㝣 ࣭࿴ḷࠕࡁ࢏ࡋ ࠕῐ㊰ࠖ ๓␎ ⚟Ⰻࡢᾆ࡟ࡸ࡝ࡾ࡚ࠊ㬆㛛ࢆࡳࢇ࡜࡚ᾆࢆࡘࡓࡦࡺࡁ࡚ࠊ㫽ྲྀ࡜࠸࣭ࠕ㜿Ἴࠖ㊰ ࠑ ᾆ ࢆ ࡘ ࡓ ࡼࡾぢࡿࡣࡲࡉ ࡩᡤ࡟࡚ࡓࡴࡅࢆࡇࡺࢀࡤࠊ࠸࡜ࡋࡶࡓ࠿࢏ࡽࡠᒣࡢ㛗ࡉ୕༑⏫ࡤ࠿ࡾࡉࡋฟ࡛ࡓ
ࡦࡺࡁࠒ ߥࠕ㫽 ࡿ࡜࠸ࡩࡇ࡜ࢆ ࡿ࠺࡬ࢆࡺࡃᓮࢆࡶࡓࡦࡀࡉࡁ࡜࠸࡬ࡾࠊ༑࠶ࡲࡾ୍᪥࡞ࡾࡅࢀࡤࡋ࡯ࡣࡉ࠿ࡾ࡞ྲྀࠖߥ ࡓ࠿࠿ 㬆㛛ࡢࡉࡁ࡟ࡁ ࡽࡎ࡜࠸࡬࡝ࠊཪࡇ࡜࢏࡜ࡇࢁ࡟ఝࡿ࡭ࡃࡶ࠶ࡽࡎࠊⓑᾉࡢࡓࡕࡉࢃࡂ࠸ࡣ࡯࡟ࡩࡽ ࡠ ᒣ ࡢ 㛗 ࡉ ࡚ࡒࡋࡾࡠࡿࠖ ࢀ࡚࡞ࡾࡦ࢐ࡃ㡢ࡢ࠿ࡋࡇࡉ࠸ࡣࢇ࠿ࡓ࡞ࡋࠊ
୕༑⏫ࡤ࠿ࡾ
ࠕ㜿Ἴࠖ୰࡟ࡶࡓ࠿ࡁࢆ኱ẟᓥ࡜࠸࡬ࡾࠊᅵబ࡜ࡲࡾࡼࡾᾆᅇࢆࡵࡄࡾ㬆㛛ࡢࡉࡁࡉ ࡋ ฟ ࡛ ࡓ ࡿ ࣭ࡇࡢ࡞ࡿ࡜ࡢ ࡲ࡛஧㔛࡟ࡣࡕ࠿ࡋࠊᮾࡣࡕ࠿ࡃῐ㊰ᓥ࡟ࡴ࠿ࡦࠊ໭ࡣࡣࡿ࠿࡟ࡉࡠࡁࡣࡾࡲࡢᾏ
࠺࡬ࢆࡺࡃ ߥ ᓮ࡟ࡓࡕ࡚ࡋ࡯ ࡟ࡘࡽ࡞ࡾࠊ༡ࡣ㞼ࢄ࡟㐲ࡃ⣖ࡢᅜࡢࡓ࠿ࡡ࡝ࡶࡼࡇࡓࡣࡾ࡚ࢆࡕࡇࡕࡢࡳࡿࡵ࠸ࠕ ᓮ ࢆ ࡶ ࡓ ࡦ ࡢࡳࡕࡦࡿࡉࡲ ࡣ࠸ࡣࢇ࠿ࡓ࡞ࡋࠊࡲࡋ࡚ࡋ࡯ࡢࡳࡕࡦ࡟ⓑᾉࡢࡓࡕࡉࢃࡂࠊ࠸ࡣ࡯࡟ࡩࢀ࡞ࡾࡦࡀ ࡉ ࡁ ࡜ ࠸ ࡬ ࢆぢࡿࡣࠊࡼࡶ ࢐ࡃ࠾࡜ࡢ࠿ࡋࡇࡉࡣࡇ࡜ࡢࡣ࡟ࡶ࠾ࡼࡧࡀࡓࡋࠊࡉࡘࡲࡢࡃࢁࡢࡏ࡜ࠊ⫧ࡢᅜࡢࡾ࣭ࠖほ₻ࡸࡶࡢᾏᒣࡢ࠺ ᪩ᓮࡢࡏ࡜ࠊ࠸࡙ࢀࡶࡋ࡯ࡢࡳࡕࡦࡿ࡜ࡁࡣࡓ࢐࠾ࡑࢁࡋࡁࡢࡳ࡟࡚ࡇ࡜࡞ࡿࡳᡤࡕ ࡦ ࡽ ࡅ ࡓ ࡿ ࡶ࡞ࡁ࡟ࠊࡇࡢ࡞ࡿ࡜ࡢᓮ࡟ࡓࡕ࡚ࡋ࡯ࡢࡳࡕࡦࡿࡉࡲࢆぢࡿࡣࠊࡼࡶࡸࡶࡢᾏᒣ
࡟ࠊⓑᾉࡢኳ࡟ ࡢ࠺ࡕࡦࡽࡅࡓࡿ࡟ࠊⓑᾉࡢኳ࡟ࡘࡽ࡞ࡾ࡚࡞ࡀࡿ࢏ࡉࡲࡵࡶ࠶ࡸ࡞ࡾࠊ
ࡘࡽ࡞ࡾ࡚࡞ࡀ
ࡿ࢏ࡉࡲࡵࡶ࠶ࡸ࡞ࡾࠊᐶᨻ㡭ռ ⓒ ஭ ር 㞵 ୙ヲ࣭₻ộࡢዑᾛ㬆 㜿Ἴᅜ࡜ῐ㊰ᅜ࡜ྥ࠿ࡦࡓࡿᾏࡢ㛫ഹ࡟୕༑వ⏫࡞ࡾࠊ₻ộࡢዑᾛ㬆ືࠊᡃᅜ➨୍
1789 㹼 1800 ࠕ㬆㛛ࠖ ࠕ➓ືࠊᡃᅜ➨୍ࡢ ࡢ㎿₻࡞ࡾࠊ‶ࡿ᫬ࡣ༡᪉ࡢ኱ὒࡼࡾ㎸ධ࡚ࠊ໭᪉᧛☻ᾏ࡟ධࠊฟᓮ࡟ᅜ୺ࡢ₻ぢᇕ㝶➹ࠖ㎿₻࡞ࡾ ୰␎ ࡢீ᭷ࡾࠊᾏ㎶ᑠᓥ኱ᒾከࡃ▼ࢆ␚ࡴࠊᾆ㎶࡟୐ඵ㌺ࡢ⁺ᮧ᭷ࡾࠊ₻᫬࡟࠶ࡽࡊࢀ
ㄔ࡟⪺ࡋ࡟຾ࡾ ࡤࠊᑜᖖࡢᾏ㠃࡟ࡋ࡚⁺⯚ࡑࡇࡇ࢏࡟⁺ࡾࡍࠊ࠿ࡃ࡚₻‶࡭ࡁ᫬᮶ࢀࡤࠊẁࠎ࡟ᾉ࡚࠾ࡑࢁࡋࡃࠊ 㦁ࡂỈἛฟ࡚ࠊ‍ࠎࡓࡿ༡ᾏࡢ₻ࠊ୍ྠ࡟ࡣࡏධࠊಂ࡟Ỉ ᕳἛ㏉ࡾ࡚ࠊぢࡿࡀ୰ࡍࡉࡲࡌࡁ₻ໃ ࡟༡᪉஬භᑻ 㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊᾏᗏ㬆ືࡋ࡚㞾ࡢࡈ࡜ࡃࠊ୧ᓊ᫝ࡀⅭ࡟ᡴ○ࡿィࡾᜍࢁࡓ࡜ࡩ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ ࡋࡁẼⰍࠊᴕᮌࡶືᦂࡍࡿ࠿࡜ࡍࡉࡲࡌࠊྈᘨ༑⏫ィࡾࡢ㛫࡟ࠊ཮᪉኱ᒾࡘࡁฟ࡚
࡞ࡋ⊃ࡃࠊ▼㛛ࡢࡈ࡜ࡁ࠶ࡾࠊ∓࡟ࡋ࡚₻ໃዑ㦐ࡋ࡚ࠊ༡ࡢ᪉භ୐ᑻ㧗ࡃᡂࡾ࡚ࠊ┿㏫ࡉࡲ࡟໭࡬ⴠୗࡿ஦⁪࡟ఝࡓࡾࠊᗏࡼࡾἛ₻ࠊࡉࡋධ₻࡜ᡓࡦ࡚ࠊᒾ▼○ࡾィࡾ࡟㎘ࡅࡾࠊㄔ࡟⪺ࡋ࡟຾ࡾ࡚࠾ࡑࢁࡋࡃࠊࡍࡉࡲࡌࡁ₻ໃࡓ࡜ࡩ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡞ࡋࠊ₻㢌ୖ࡟‣࡬ࡠࢀࡤࠊ㬆㡢ࡶ࠸ࡘࡋ࠿㟼ࡲࡾࠊᾏୖࡶࡼࡢࡘࡡࡢࡅࡋࡁ࡞ࡾࠋཪᘬộࡢ᫬ࡣࠊ୰ᅜࡢᾏ࡟‣࡬ࡋ₻ࠊࡲࡓ໭ࡼࡾ༡ᾏ࡬ⴠࡿ஦ࠊࡉࡋ₻ࡢࡈ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸࡬ඹࠊ
ࡑࡢᾏᗏ㬆஦ࡣᑡࡋࠋᣦධ₻㢌ࡢ⊛ጾࡣ↓ࢀ࡝ࡶࠊᘬⴠࡍ஦ࡢ㎿㏿࡞ࡿࡣཪኚࡽࡎ

− 38 −

Ⅿࡋࠋ඼₻ࡢ᫬஌࠿࣯ࡾࡓࡿ⯪ࡣࠊ࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶᘬࢀࡺࡃࠋ໭࡬ⴠࡿ₻࡞ࢀࡤࠊ໭
㢼࡟ᕹࢆ༑ศ࡟ಖࡕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ₻࡟ᘬᡠࡉࢀࠊᡭ࡟ࡍ࡬ࡓࡿࡈ࡜ࡃ⾜ࠋṈ᫬༡ࡼࡾ྿
㢼࡞ࢀࡤࠊ୍ྥ࡟▮ࡢࡈ࡜ࡃ࡟ࡋ࡚Ლࡶࡁ࠿ࡎࠊ༷࡚⯪そࡿ࡞ࡾࠋᨾ࡟ᕹ࡟㢼ࢆࡶ
ࡓࡏ࡚㊧ࡎࡉࡾ࡟₻࡟⾜࡞ࡾࠋࡓ࡜࡬࠸࠿࡞ࡿ⯪࡞ࡾ࡜ࡶࠊᑡࡋࡶ₻ඛ࡟தࡩ஦ࡣ
ᡂࡀࡓࡋࠋࡇࢀࡼࡾ㜿ῐࡢ㛫ᩘࡾࡻ࠺⤒࡚ᑠ㬆ᡞ࡜࠸ࡩࢆ㐣࡚ࠊ୰ᅜ࡟₻⾜࡞ࡾࠋᩥ໬ 5 1808 ᖺ ս ఀ ⬟ ᩗ ៅ ண ᩥ ໬ ᠾ ㎮ ᫓ ࣭⵹ࡋࠊኳୗ⮳ ணᩥ໬ᠿ㎮᫓୕᭶ᮃᚋ୍᪥ࠊ 㔞ࡢḟࠊṈࡢᆅ࡟⮳ࡾࠊ඼ࡢ຾ࢆほࡿࢆᚓࡓࡾࠋኵᬡ 㚝 ᡂ ࠕ ῐ ୕᭶ᮃᚋ୍᪥ࠊ 㝤ࡢᆅ࡞ࡾ㧗ᒣ⤯࠼࡚㛛ࢆⅭࡍࡶࡢࡣᡤㅝࡿ㬆㛛࡞ࡾࠋ඼ࡢᮾᾭࡣῐ㊰ࡢᡞᓮすࡣጭࢣᓮ࡞ࡾࠋ
㊰ᅜྡᡤᅗ
㔞ࡢḟṈࡢ
┦㝸ࡘࡇ࡜㈈࠿࡟༑ඵ⏫ࠋすᓴࡣᜳࡃወ▼ᕏ↛࡜ࡋ࡚඼ࡢ㛫࡟ᬯ♋᭷ࡾࠋ♋ࡢすࡣ఍ࠖᡤ཰ᆅ࡟⮳ࡾࠊ඼
኱㬆㛛࡜᭣ࡦࠊᮾࡣᑠ㬆㛛࡜᭣ࡩࠋཪࠊす༡ࡢወ▼⊂❧ࡋ࡚ⲡᮌࢆⵚࡿࡶࡢࡣ㣕Ɫࡢ຾ࢆほࡿࢆ
࡞ࡾࠋṈࡢ᪥₻᭱኱ࡢᴟ࡞ࡾࠋᨾ࡟඼ࡢ┒࡞ࡿ࡟࠸ࡓࢀࡤ๎ࡕⴙ㡭ࡢ₻ࠊ኱ᑠࡢ㬆ᚓࡓࡾࠋ㛛࡟⮳ࡾዑὶࡋ㞃ࠎ࡜ࡋ࡚㞾ኌࡢዴࡃࠊ㣕Ɫ࡟┤ᙜࡋ࡚す༡ࡍࠋ⵹ࡋࠊኳୗ⮳㝤ࡢᆅ࡞ࡾࠋୡேஅࢆ㬆㛛࡜⛠ࡍࠋႲ࿧ᨾ᭷ࡿဢࠋ
ᩥ໬ 8 1811 ᖺ վ᥈ྂᇽቚᾏ ୙ヲ࣭࠶ࡾࡉࡲ⏬࡟ 㜿Ἴῐ㊰ࡢቃ࡟ࡋ࡚㜿Ἴࡢᅜᯈ㔝㒆᧙㣴ᾆ࡟࠶ࡾࠊ㛛ࡢ㛫༑୐ඵ୎ࠊ኱ᾏࡼࡾ‶᮶ࠕ㬆㛛ࠖࡶ࠸࠿࡛࡜࠾ࡶ ࡿ₻ࡶ୰ᅜࡢᾏࡼࡾᖸࡿộࡶ‶ᖸࡈ࡜࡟Ṉ㛛࡟࠶ࡘࡲࢀࡤộࡢࡣࡸࡁ஦▮ࡢࡈ࡜ࡃࠕ㜿Ἴྡᡤࡩ ⤯ ᬒ ࡞ ࡾ ୰ Ỉໃࡢࡘࡼࡁ஦┙▼ࡢ㌿ಽ࡟ࡓ࡜࡬ࢇࡶࡉࡽ࡞ࡾࠊࡉࢀࡤ㡰Ỉ࡟࠶ࡽࡊࢀࡤ㢼ᕹࡶᅗ఍ࠖ␎ ୕ ᭶ ୕ ᪥ ࡢ Ṉ㛛ࢆΏ஦࠿ࡓࡋࠊṈ㛛ࡢ㛫㜿Ἴᆅࡼࡾῐ㊰₲࡬℩ࡢᕑࡘ࢐ࡁ࡚ぢࡺࢀࡤỈᗏ῝ࡋộᖸࡣᾏཎ኱࡟ ࡜ࡶぢ࡬ࡊࡾࡁࠊ℩ࡢᕥྑࡣ῝ࡁ஦ᗏࢆࡋࡽࡎࠊṈ㛛ᖸộࡢ᫬ࡣ୍᪉ࡦࡃ࢏࡞ࡾ࡚
㧗ୗ࠶ࡾ࡚ೖᅜ ୍᪉ࡼࡾⴠࡿỈ⁪ࡢዴࡃࠊ‶ộࡢ᫬ࡣ኱ᾏࡼࡾộࡳࡕࡃࢀࡤ℩࡟࠶ࡓࡾ࡚❧ࡢࡰࡿ➨୍ࡢ℩ᡞ࡞ࢀ ᾉⴠࢀࡤࡇ࡜ࡈ࡜ࡃ ࡜࡞ࡿࠊ඼ࡢ㧗ࡃᕳࡁ࠶ࡀࡾࡓࡿⓑἼ࡟ᮅ᪥ᙳࡢ࠺ࡘࡽࡩᬒ
ࡤ㬆㛛ࡢộᖸ࡜ Ⰽࠊࡲࡓ㛛ࢃࡓࡿ⯚ࡢộ࡟ࡦ࠿ࢀ࡚㣕㫽ࡢࡈ࡜ࡃ࡞ࡿ࠶ࡾࡉࡲ⏬࡟ࡶ࠸࠿࡛࡜࠾ࡶ
࡚࡞ࡔࡓࡾࡩ⤯ᬒ࡞ࡾࠊᑜᖖࡢộࡢ‶ᖸࡔ࡟࠿࣯ࡿᬒ࠶ࡾࠊ୕᭶୕᪥ࡢộᖸࡣᾏཎኳ࡟㧗ୗ࠶ࡾ࡚ࠊೖᅜ➨୍ࡢ℩ᡞ࡞ࢀࡤࠊ㬆㛛ࡢộᖸ࡜࡚࡞ࡔࡓࡾࠋ㬆㛛ࡢ⬥ࠊᒸᓮࡢ‖ࡣㅖ
ᅜ㏻⯪ࡢせὠ࡞ࡾࠊ
ᩥ ໬ 12 1815 տ ⓑ ᕝ Ⱚ ᒣ 㡲 ☻ ࡢ ᾆ ⯚ ߥ ࣭ซ༡໭ᘨⓒ㔛 எ஻ࡢ⛅ࠊ㬆ᡞࡢึộぢࡴ࡜࡚㡲☻ࡢᾆ⯚࡟࠺ࡕࡢࡾࠊ໭Ἡࡲࡾ࡜࠸ࡩᡤ࡟ࡘࡃࠊᖺࠕ㬆㛛㈿ࠖ
໭Ἡߥ Ⱒዪ㑻 ࡢ═ᮃ࡟ࠊ╄ࢆ ࡑࢀࡼࡾⰢዪ㑻ⰼ᥎ศࡅ࡚ࠊ஑ᢡᨒࡓ࡜ࡿ࡯࡜࡟ࠊᏞᓮ࡜࠸ࡩᑿୖ࡟⮳ࡿࠊ᫝㬆ᡞࠕ ᅄ ᾏ ྃ ཮ ⰼ ᥎ ศ ࡅ ࡚ ࠊ ࡉࡃࡶࡢࡣࡍ࡭ ࡢすࡢᓊ࡟⮫ࡿஓࠊࡑࢀ㬆ᡞࡣ㜿Ἴῐ㊰ࡢᅜᇦ ࡉ࠿࠸ ࠊᾏࢆ㝸࡚ഹ༓Ṍ࡟㊊ࡽࡎࠊ⣬ࠖ㸧஑ ᢡ ᨒ ࡓ ࡿ ࡯ ࡚㬆ᡞࡢኊほஓ ඼࠶ࡦࡓᕑࡅࡣࡋࡃ❧⫇࠼ࠊ඼ᙧ๐ࡸ⿣ࡸ㣕ࡸ㋉ࡀዴࡃࠊ₻ࡓ࢏࡬࡚ࡣ₞ᕊࢆ஧ࢶ࡜࡟ ߥᏞᓮ࣭୕ࢶぢࡿࡢࡳࠊ₻ⴠ࡚ࡣࡇ࡜ࡈ࡜ࡃ㢧ࢀฟ࡚ࠊ၈ᅵࡢኳྎᡃᅜࡢጁ⩏ࢆᮃࡴ࡟ࡦ࡜
ほ₻ࡋࠊ኱㬆ᡞᑠ㬆ᡞࢆᕥྑ࡟ศࡕ࡚ࠊ∓ࢆ୰℩࡜࡞ࡴྡ௜ࡓࡿࠊ⊰‶ộࡣࡺࡿࡃᖸộࡣ⑌ࡋࠊ༡ᾏᗄ୓㔛࡟ᘬộࡢࠊṈᾏ㛛ࡢ⊃ࡁ࡟ࡏ࠿ࢀࠊⴠ࡚ࡣዑὶ▮ࡢዴࡃࠊ༑㔛− 39 −

ィࡢ㛫ࡣ㛗㪒ࡶ㐳஦⬟ࡣࡍࠊ኱⯪ࡶṈộ➽࡟ධࢀࡣࠊᛛ ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟ࡲࡁ㎸ࢀ࡚ࠊ⤊࡟ࡣἼࡢ⸴ᒌ࡜ᡂࡶࡢ᭷ࠊṈ㉮ὶࡢᕑࠎ࡟ゐࢀ࡚ࠊⓑᾉࡣᒣࡼࡾࡶ㧗ࡃࠊ඼㡢ࡣ㬆⚄ࡢࠊ࠶ࡲࡓ࡜࢏ࢁࡃ࡟࠸ࡸࡲࡉࡾࠊභ୐㔛ࡢእ࡟㡪ࡃࠊ᫝ࢆࡶ࡚㬆ᡞ࡜ࡣ࠸ࡩ࡞
ࡽࡋࠊ
ኳಖ 6 1835 ᖺ ր ㈡ ⱱ ┿ ඗ ⚟ Ⰻ ධ Ụ ߥ ᒸ ࣭㸦 ࠾ ࡑ ࢁ ࡋ ࡜ ᘘ୕᪥ࠊࡅࡩࡶᚰࡼࡃ✵ࡢᬕࡓࡿࡣ࠺ࢀࡋࠊᕭࡢ࡜ࡁࡤ࠿ࡾ⯚ฟࡍࡿᡤࡲ࡛ࠊᩄᶞ
ࠕ㬆㛛వἼࠖ ᓮ 㸦 ᐟ 㸧 ߥ ᅵ ᛮࡦࡢእ࡟⯚࠺ ᮶࡚ࠊࡶࡢ㥆ࢀࡠࡩ࡞஌ࡢ࠺ࡋࢁぢࡏࡿࡶ㢗ࡶࡋࠊ⚟ⰋࡢධỤࡇࡂฟ࡚ࠊ㬆ᡞࡢࢃబ Ἡ ߥ 㸦 ᾆ ఏ ࡅ࡚ⱝ࿴ᕸࡸ࠿ ࡓࡾ࡟࡞ࢀࡤࠊ࠸࡜࡟ࡣࡼࡁ᪥࡜࡚ࠊ஧୔వࡾ࡞ࡿ࡞ࡵ࡚ࡩ㨶ࠊ࠸ࡘ࢏භࡘ⯚ࡤࡓ࠸ 㸧 ߥ 㸦 Ꮮ ᓮ ࡽࢇ㪉ࡸࡘࡽࡲ ㏆ࡃ࠺ࡣฟࡓࡿࠊ⌋ࡽࡋࠊ༡ࡢ࠿ࡓ࡟ࡣࠊ࠿ࡢ἟ᓥࡳࡺࠊኳࡢ἟▩ࡩࡏࡓࡽࢇࡸ࠺
௜㏆࠿㸧ほ₻ ࡋ㸧࡟ࠊἈ୰࡟ᶓࡓࡣࢀࡾࠊぢࡋࡇ࡜ࡶ࡞ࡁ㠃࠿ࡆ࠾ࡋᩯࡽࡿ࢏ࡶ࠶ࡸࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ
ᾋᶫ࡟ࡓ࢏ࡋ࡚⚄ࡢ࡜ࡽࡋࡅࢇ἟▩ࡢ࡞ࡈࡾࡋࡿࡁ἟ᓥ࠿
࠿ࡢᓥ࡟ࡣࠊேᐙࡶ࠶ࡾ࡚ࠊወᒾከࡃࠊ㔇Ἠࡶࢃࡁฟ࡜࠿ࡸࠊࡑࡢ࠿ࡳ ோᚨᖇࠊῐ㊰ᓥࡼࡾぢࡑ࡞ࡣࡋࡲࡋ࡚ࠊῐ㊰ῒ⬟◻࿅ᓥࠊ࡜ࡢࡾ⤥ࡦࡋᚚ〇࡞࡝ࠊ᥃ࡲࡋࡶ
࠿ࡋࡇࡁࡇ࡜࢐ࡶࢆ࡞ࢇ࠾ࡰࡺࡿࠊࡉࡿ࡟࡚ࡶࠊᷣᴱࡢᓥࡸ࠸࡙ࡇ࡞ࡽࢇ࡞࡝ソஅ࡜࠸ࡦ࠶࡬ࡿࡶࠊ࠸ࡉ࢏࠿ࡢࡩ࡞ࢅࡦࡔ࡟ࡏࡊࢀࡣஓࡅࡾࠊ໭ࡢ࠿ࡓ࡞ࡿ㬆㛛࡟ࡣࠊᾏኈ࡝ࡶࡢ⯚ᩘ࡞ࡃ࠺࠿࡭ࡾࠊ
ሷࡶἼࡶ࡞ࡅࢀࡸ㜿Ἴࡢᡞ࡟⯚ᶫ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡉࡾࡍࡿࡳࡺ
ࡉࡤ࠿ࡾ㛗㛩࡞ࢀ࡝ࠊሷ➽࡟ฟࢀࡤࠊ୰ࠎ࡟ࡼࡏ࠿࡬ࡿἼࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊ⪺ࢃࡓࡾࡋࡼ
ࡾࡶᜍࢁࡋࡁ᪩Ἑ࡞ࡋࡓࡾࠊ㢼࠶ࡿ࢏ࢆࡾࡣࠊ࠸࠿ᩯ࡞ࡽࡴࠊࡉࢀ࡝඼ࡋ࡯㊰ࡶࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ࡚ࠊྥࡩ὾࡬㏆ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡟ࠊ࠿࢏ࡿࡓ࢐Ώࡾࡣཪ࠶ࡽࡌࠊṈ⯪࡟஌࠶࡬ࡿேࠎࠊ
࠸࠿࡛⯚㟋࡟኱ࡳࡁࡉ࢏ࡆ࡚ࡼ࡜⯚㛗ࡀ࠸࡬ࡿࠊࡲ࡟ࡲ࡟ࠊⓙࡳࡁࡋࢁዊࡿࠋࡦ࡜
᪥㈗⯪ࡢ♫࡟ࡩࡾࡣ࡬ࡓࡾࡋࡡࡂ஦ࡢࡲࡉࡋࡁࢆࠊ࠸࡜࠸࡜࠿ࡋࡇࡳ࡚ࠊ ࡓࡄࡦ
࡞ࡁ㏣ᡭࡢ㢼࡟௵ࡏࡋࡣ⚄ࡢ࠺ࡅᘬ┿ᕹ࡟ࡒ᭷ࡅࡿ
࡜࠸࡬ࡤࠊࡼࡾࡺࡁ
ࢃࡓࡘᾏࡢ㢼ࡶ㛗㛩࡟ࡩࡃࡽ⯚Ᏻࡃࡒࡴࡸ࡟ᡴΏࡾࡘࡿ
ᒸᓮ࡞ࡿᓮࢃࡢᐙ࡟ࡘࡁࠊࡦࡿ㣗ࡃࡦ࡚ࠊ඼ᐙࡢ࠶ࡿࡌ࡟࠶࡞࠸ࡏࡉࡏ࡚ࠊ㬆㛛ࡳࡤࡸ࡜❧࠸࡙ࠊ
㬯࠸ࡿᅵబࡢἩࢆ₈ࡃࢀࡤࡴࡸࡢሷᒇ࡟ⅼࡓࡘࡳࡺ⯪ࢆ࠶ࡀࡾ࡚ᛮ࡬ࡤࠊ⣖Ặࡢᅵబࡼࡾࡢ࠿࡬ࡉ࡟ࠊ㠃ⓑࡁᡤ࡜࡚⯚ࡼࡏ࡚ࠊᖺ㡭ࢆఫࡋ࡜ࡇࢁࡢྡ࡟ࡋ࠾࡬ࡤ᮶ࡼࡿἼࡶ࠶ࡣࢀ࡜ࡒぢࡿࠊ࡜ࡼࡲࢀࡅࢇᡤ࡞ࢀࡤࠊ࠸
ࡲࡶἼࡢ㡢࠸࡜ࡺ࠿ࡋࠊࡉ࡚ᾆఏ᪥⾜࡟ࠊᓟࡘࡽ࡞ࢀࡿ☾ᒣࠊࡍ࡭࡚኱ᐅ࡜ࡼࡪ࡜

− 40 −

჆Ọ 4 1851 ᖺ ցᬡ㚝ᡂࠕ㬆 ୙ヲ㛛ࠖ ࠕ㞼㘊
㝶➹ࠖ࠶࡞࠸ࡢࢆࡕࡀ࠸ࡩࢆ⪺ࡅࡤࠊ኱ᐅὠጲࡢ⚄௦ࡢࡲ࢏࡟࡚࠾ࡣࡋࡲࡍஓࡅࡾࠊ࡜࠸
࡜࠿ࡋࡇࡁ࡟ࠊ₻ࡶࡉࡋࡃࢀࡤࠊ
ࡳࡑࡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡊࡸࡺ࠿ࡲࡋ⚄ࡢᚚྡ௒ࡶࡲࡉࡋࡁ㜿Ἴࣀᓥ᰿ࡣ
⥙ᘬࡍ࡜ࠊ࠶ࡲ࡝ࡶࡘ࡝࡬ࡿ୰࡟ࡶࠊᖺ⪁࠸ࡓࡿࢆࠊᮧࡁࡳ࡜࿧ࡋ࡚ࠊ⪥࡜ࡃソஅࡀ⪺ࡘࡅ࡚ࠊೖྡᢒ࡟⁺⩝ࢆࡋ࠿カࡓࡿࡶࡉࡿࡇ࡜ஓ࡜࠸࡬ࡿࠊࡸࡀ࡚
࠸ࡑࡋࡃࡶ኱㣗ࡘጲ࡟௙ࡩࡽࢇ㬆㛛ࡢᾆࡢ࠶ࡲࡢᮧྩ
ඡ࠿ࡃ࡟ୖࡘ௦ࡋࡢࡤࡿ࢏ᾏ࡭࡞ࡿ࡟ࠊ∾ࡢ㥖࡝ࡶࠊ὾Ⳣࢆ࠶ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡓࡢࡋࡆ࡞
ࡾࠊ㸦␎㸧㬆ᡞ㏆ࡁ☾ᒣ࡟ࠊࡉࡎࡁࡉ࡬࠶ࢀࡤࠊࡑࡇ࡟࡚㓇ࡢࡳ࡞࡝ࡋ࡚ࠊᡴᛮࡩࡲ
࢏࡟ࡼࡵࡿ㸦␎㸧ึኪ㐣ࡿࡇࢁࠊࡶ࡜ࡢᐟ࡟࠿࡬ࡾࠊ‫ࡣࡦࡼࡇ࢏ࡘࡋ࡝࡞ࡳ࠶‮‬Ἴࡢ㡢ࢆࡶࠊᚰࡢ࡝࠿࡟⪺ࡘ࢏ᯖࢆ࡜ࡾ࡚ࠊ
ࡓࡽࡕࡡࡢክ㊰࡟࠿ࡼ࡬㜿Ἴࡢ㛛ࡶࡓ࢐Ώࡾࡋ࡚Ᏻࡁ᪑ࡡࡣ
࣭ᐇ࡟ᢇ᱓➨୍ ᢚṈ㬆ᡞ࡜࠸ࡩࡣ㜿ῐ୧ᅜࡢ⏺࡟᭷࡚඼㛫༑᭷వ⏫ࠊ୰㛫࡟ᕑ▼ᓖࡕࡓࡘࠊࡇࢀࢆ
ࡢ㏕㛛࡜࠸ࡩ࡭ ୰℩࡜ྕࡍࠑ㛗ⓒ୕༑㛫ᶓ஬༑㛫ࡤ࠿ࡾࡢᖹᒾ࡞ࡾࠒࠊ㬆ᡞᓮࡼࡾṈ୰℩ࡲ࡛ซⓒ୕ࡋ༑㛫ࡤ࠿ࡾࠊࡇࢀࢆᑠ㬆ᡞ࡜ྕࡃࠊ῝ࡉ୐ᑜ࡟㐣ࡂࡎࠊ඼ᕥྑ୍⏫⛬࡟࠸ࡓࢀࡤඵ
༑ᑜᡈࡣ஑༑ᑜࡢ῝ࡉ࡜࡞ࢀࡾࠊ୰℩ࡼࡾᏞᓮࡢ㰯ࡲ࡛ซ஬ⓒ㛫チࠊṈ㛫ࢆ኱㬆ᡞ࣭ᡤㅝᾏෆ↓཮ ࡜࠸ࡩࠊ῝ࡉᅄᑜ࡟㐣ࡎࠊ᫝ࡼࡾ༡㣕ᓥࡢ㎶࡟࠸ࡓࢀࡤ῝ࡉⓒ༔ᑜవ࡟ཬࡪࠊ‶₻ࡢ㞴ᡤ࡞ࡾ࡟ࡣ໭࡟⾜࡚Ꮮᓮࡢ஝࡟኱ ࠶ࡾࠊᖸ₻࡟ࡣ༡࡟ྲྀ࡚㣕ᓥࡢ༡໭࡟኱ ⏕ࡍࠊཪộࡍࡖ࡟ᑠ ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ᣲ࡚ᩘࡩ࡭࠿ࡽࡎࠊ㒔࡚₻ࡢ┆⹫࡜ࡶ࡟Ṉ㏕㛛࡟ࡏࡲࡿࡀᨾ࡟
Ỉໃ⃭ࡋࡁ஦┙▼ࡢ㌿ࡪ࡟ࡦ࡜ࡋࡃࠊཎ᮶ᾏୖ࡟㧗ୗ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜⏒ࡋࡁᨾࠊᖸ₻ࡢ᫬࡟࠸ࡓࡾ࡚㧗ࡁ᪉ࡼࡾⴠࡿỈ⁪ࡢዴࡃࠊ₻‶ࡿ᫬ࡣ℩࡟࠶ࡓࡾ࡚㉳ࡾ❧ᛣ℀㞷ࡢ✚ࢀࡿᒣᓅ࡟ࡦ࡜ࡋࡃⴠࢀࡤ┙ 㟈ືࡋ࡚ộࡍࡌࡢໃࡦ኱Ἑࡢ᪩℩࡟ᙸᙿࡓࡾࠊ᪁ᖖ
࡟㬆ࡦ࢐ࡃࡀᨾ࡟㬆㛛࡜ྕࡍࡿஇࠊᑬ₻ㅧ࡟ᾏᖹ࠿࡞ࡽࡊࢀࡤ⯚⯧ࡇ࢏ࢆΏࡿ஦㞴ࡋࠊཪ㡰Ỉ࡟࡚₻࿴࠿࡞ࡿ᫬ࡣᾏኈࡶᑠ⯚ࢆࡼࡏ࡚㔮ࢆࡓࢀ㈅ࢆ᥇ࠊ⸴ࢆⱉࡿࡇ࡜
ᩘ࡞ࡾࠊ☾᭤࡟ࡣᕏᒾወ▼␚ิࡾ࡚㢼ᬒ᭱ࡶወ⤯࡞ࡾࠊᑜᖖࡢ┆⹫ࡔ࡟᪁ࡿගᬒࠊ
Ṧ᭦ᬌ᫓ࡢ୕᪥ࡢộᖸ࡟ࡣ඼ࡍࡉࡲࡌࡁࡇ࡜ゝㄒ࡟⤯ࡍࠊᐇ࡟ᢇ᱓➨୍ࡢ㏕㛛࡜࠸ࡩ࡭ࡋࠊᣨ࡟㏕㛛ࡣᾏࡢᕥྑ࡟ᒣ࠶ࡾ࡚඼㛫⊃ࡃዃࡴࡀᨾ࡟Ỉ㏕ࡾ࡚Ἴ℀㧗ࡃᗏࢆ✸ࡕ࡚Ỉ᭱ࡶ῝ࡃῲࡢዴࡃ࡞ࡿࡀᨾ࡟┙ ࡇ࡜ᖖ࡞ࡾࠊࡉࢀࡤ㬆㛛ࡣᑵ୰㏕㛛ࡢ⏒ࡋࡁࡶࡢ࡟ࡋ࡚඼ୖᾏཎ࡟㧗ప࠶ࡾ࡚Ἴ℀㧗ࡁ࡟ⓗࡾࠊపࡁ࡟ⴠࡿ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ᪁ࡢዴࡁᙧໃࢆ
࡞ࡍࠊᡤㅝᾏෆ↓཮ࡢ㞴ᡤ࡞ࡾࠊ− 41 −

࣭ඵ㔜ộࡢ᫬୰ ⾜⪅ᕌࡼࡾすࡢ᪉࡬✺ฟࡍࡿ஦༑⏫వࠊ㤿ࡢ⫼ࡢዴࡃࠊཌࢧ୍⏫࡟‶ࡎࠊᕥྑᑠ㇂
℩ࡢ㎶ࠊ⾜㐪ࡦ ከࡃࠊ⫼㏻Ỉὶࢆ௨࡚ศቃࡍࠊ༡ࡣ⚟Ⰻᾆஓࠊྂ᭩ྂリྂḷ࡟ῐ㊰ࡢ㬆㛛࡜ࡶபࠊࡢộ⦪ᶓ࡟┦␗ ⊰リḷࡣᕥ᪉࡟ぢ࡬ࡓࡾࠊ㜿Ἴᅜᯈ㔝㒆᧙㣴Ꮮᓮࡢ㰯ࡣⰊ࡟ฟᙇ࡚㬆㛛ᓮ࡜┦ᑐࡍࠊࡾⰍࠎࡢᩥࢆ࡞ ඼㛫ᾏୖ༑୕⏫ஓࠊ୰Ώ࡟ᕑ▼ᓖࡕࡓࡘࠊ᫝ࢆ୰℩࡜பࠊ඼㛗ⓒ୕༑㛫ࠊᶓᅄ஬༑
ࡍࠊ⤯ወࡲࡓ㢮 㛫ࠊ㬆㛛ᓮࡼࡾ୰℩ࡲ࡛ⓒ୕༑㛫ࠊᑠ㬆㛛࡜ྕࡃࠊ῝ࢧභ୐ᑜࠊ඼ᕥྑኍ⏫⛬࡟฿ࡦ࡞ࡋࢀࡤ῝ࢧඵ஑༑ᑜࠊ୰℩ࡼࡾᏞᓮࡢ㰯࡬஬ⓒ㛫ࠊṈ㛫ࢆ኱㬆㛛࡜பࠊ῝ࢧ୕ᅄᑜࠊ
᫝ࡼࡾ༡㣕ᓥࡢ㎶࡟฿ࢀࡤ῝ࡉⓒ஧୕༑ᑜࠊ໭ࡢ᪉ඵ༑ᑜవࠊ‶₻࡟ࡣ໭࡟⾜ࠊᏞᓮࡢ஝࡟኱ ࠶ࡾࠊᖸộ࡟ࡣ༡࡟⾜ࠊ㣕ᓥࡢ༡໭࡟኱ ⏕ࡍࠊཪộ➽ࡢ୰࡟ 㝈࡞ࡋࠊ ᮶ࡢ⯪ⓒ▼௨ୖ✚ࡣộࡢ┒ࢆ㝖ࡁ࡚኱㬆㛛ࡢ᪉ࢆⴠࡍࠊ඼వࡢᑠ⯚ࡣᑠ㬆㛛ࢆⴠࡍࡶ࠶ࡾࠊඵ㔜ộࡢ᫬୰℩ࡢ㎶⾜㐪ࡦࡢộ⦪ᶓ࡟┦⣼ࡾⰍࠎࡢᩥࢆ࡞ࡍࠊ⤯ወࡲࡓ㢮ࡦ࡞ࡋࠊ㡲ཽ࡟ࡋ࡚ཪộࡉࡋ㉳ࡾࠊ㏲ࠎ࡟㟈ືࡋࠊ඼┒࡟฿ࢀࡤᕥྑࡢᾏ㠃㧗ࢧ୍୔వࡢ㧗ୗ࠶ࡾࠊộ➽ࡢỈໃࠊ኱Ἑࡢ᪩℩ࡢዴࡋࠊඖ ἞ ඖ 1864 փ ᩪ ⸨ ➉ ᇽ ⚟Ⰻߥ ⯪ࢆࡸ ࣭⛠ࡋ࡚ࠊᾏ୰ ⚟Ⰻ⯚ࢆധࡩ࡚Ⓨࡍࠊ 㜿ᒣဉᑻ࡟ᅾࡾࠋᓊ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ῐᒣዃᓖࡋࠊᾏỈ඼ࡢ㛫ࢆ⤒ࠊᖺࠕᰯ้ሗ᱓㘓ࠖ ࡜࠺ ࠑ᫝ࡢ᪥ ➨୍ࡢ㝤࡜Ⅽࡍ ᙧ㛛ࡢዴࡋࠋஅࢆ㬆㛛࡜ㅝࡩࠋ₻ໃ㎿⑌ࠊᛣ⃭㞾㬆ࠊኌᩘ㔛࡟⪺ࡇࡺࠋ⏒ࡋࡅࢀࡤ⯚඼ࡢᮾࢆ⾜๎ࡕ┙ ࢆ⏕ࡎࠋ⯚⾜அ࡟㐝࡬ࡤࠊ᪕㌿ࡋ◚○ࡍࠋ⛠ࡋ࡚ᾏ୰➨୍ࡢ㝤࡜Ⅽࡍ㹿⵹ࡋࡃࠒߥ᧙㣴ᆅୖࡢᒣࠊప᫡㉳అࡋࠊᾏ୰࡟஫ࡾ࡚᩿࠼ࡎࠊ඼ࡢໃࡶ஼⊰ᆅୖぢࡿᡤࡢࡈ࡜ࡋࠋ
Ỉ඼ࡢୖࢆ㐣ࡄࠊᨾ࡟ ࢆ⏕ࡎࡿ࡞ࡾࠋ᫝ࡢ᪥⯚඼ࡢᮾࢆ⾜ࡃࠋᾏ㠃㢼↓ࡃࠊᜣἼๅࡩࡀዴࡋࠋᓊ࡟㐩ࡍࠋ᧙㣴࡜᭣ࡩࠋ༶ࡕ㜿ᆅ࡞ࡾࠋ᫂ ἞ 11 1878 ք࢖ࢺࣥࠕῐ ⚟ Ⰻ ߥ ᾏ ㊰ ࣭⥲ࢸṈ࿘ᅖᩘ ணࣁỈᡭ୕ேࣤ൓ࣄ୍⯚஧஌ࢪࢸ㬆㛛ᓙ஧ྥࢸⓎࢭࣜ ␎ ซࢯ୍᫬㛫ࣀᷫᷳࣤ⤒ࠊᖺᓥ㐟グࠖỈᡭ୕ேࣤ൓ 㔛ࣀ㛫ࣤጞ࣓ᑡ ᙼࣀ᭷ྡࢼࣝ㬆㛛ࣀ ’ࢽ㐩ࢭࣜࠊṈࢽ᥋㏆ࢩࢱࣝῐ㊰ࣀᑠᓁ୍ࣚࣜᑤᆅࣀ✺ฟࢩࣄ ୍ ⯚ ஧ ஌ ࢪ ࢩࢡ㞳ࣞࢸすࣀ ࢱࣝ࢔ࣜࠊ඼㠃㗬ṑࣀ┦᥋ࢫࣝ࢞ዴࢡࠊ඼℩ᓊࣁᑡࢩࢡ⃭ᾉࣀⅭ࣓ࢽ◚○ࢭࣛࣞࢱࢸ 㬆 㛛 ᓙ ஧ ྥ ᪉₻Ỉࢺ ὶࣀ ࣝࣔࣀ࢏ዴࢩࠊవ㍮ࣁṈ➼ࣀᒾୖࢽⓏࣜ௨ࢸᾏᓙ୍ࣤᮃࢫࣝࢽࠊ᫬᫝ࣞᖸộ⑌㢼
ࢸⓎࢭࣜ ߥ↮ ┦᢬ゐࢫࣝฎᾏ ὶࢽ⃭᢬ࢩࠊᐰࢽほℲࣀዲᶵࢽࢩࢸᯝࢩࢸỈኵࣀ๓ゝࢽྜࢭࣜࠊᓙࣀ୰ኸ࣯ࣚࣜࣖ
ᓥߥὪᓮߥ ⾜ Ỉࣀ⃭ືṦࢽⅯ ῐ㊰ࢽ㏆࢟ฎཪᒾ♋ࡢṑฟࢫࣝᑠᕋ࢔ࣜࠊ⪺ࢡฎࢽࣚࣞࣂ‶₻ࣀ᫬┳ᐈࣁᑠ⯲ࢽ஌⪅ᕌୖ㝣 ࣭ほ ࢩࢡ඼㡪ᅄ᪉ࢽ ࢪࢸṈᒾ♋ࢽ฿ࣜ௨ࢸ㏥₻ࣀᬒἣࣤ═ᮃࢩࠊ᚟ࢱࣅ‶₻ࣤᚅࢸཤࣝࢺபࣇࠊṈᑠᕋ₻ߥ⚟Ⰻ㎘࢟≬⊋ࣀᡓࣇ ࣁ඲ᓙࣤ୰ศࢩ஧ಶࣀ㏻㊰ࢆసࢫࠊ⪋ࢩࢸ඼ῐ㊰஧㏆࢟ࣔࣀࣤᑠ㬆㛛ࢺࢩ㜿Ἴࢽ㏆࢞ዴࢡⴙ㞾ࣀ࿁ ࢟ࣔࣀࣤ኱㬆㛛ࢺࢫࠊṈ➼ࣀ㏻㊰ ῝ࢧ኱⣙ᅄ༑㛫 ₻Ỉዑ’⟺ࣀዴࢡ୍᫬㛫ซࢯ஬ࣝ࢞ዴࢡ㖟ᇛ๓ භ㔛ࣀ㏿ຊࣤ௨ࢸෆᾏࢽὶࣝࠊཪవ࢞┤❧ࢭࣝᒾ▼ࢽ㏆୍࢟ᑠᓙࢽ᪊ࢸࣁ㡾ࣝⴭࢩࢽಽࣞࠊ⋢ᒣᚋ ࢟⇿ὶࣤࢼࢫ࢔ࣜࠊ⪋ࢩࢸ᫝➼ࣀᛴὶࣁⓙ௚ࣀᾏᓊࢽἢࣇࢸ᮶ࣝᡤࣀ₻Ỉࢽ⃭ࢫࣝࢽ⫇࣊ዧ㎿ᛣ⃭ ࣤ௨ࢸ㐙ࢽṈ ὶࣤ⏕ࢪ኱ࢽ₻ὶࣀ㏿ຊࣤቑࢫᡤ௨ࢼࣜࠊ⥲ࢸṈ࿘ᅖᩘ㔛ࣀ㛫ࣤጞ

Ᏻᨻ 4 1857 ᖺ ւ ᑠ す ཭ ┤ ୙ヲ
ࠕ㬆㛛ᓮࠖ
ࠕ࿡ᆅⰑࠖ

− 42 −ト ⩻้ᩥ➼ࡣࠊ㬆㛛ᕷྐ⦅⧩ጤဨ఍⦅ࠗ㬆㛛ᕷྐู࠘ᕳࠊ㬆㛛ᕷⓎ⾜ࠊ᫛࿴ 46 ᖺห⾜࡟౫ᣐࡋࡓࠋ

⃏‑ⴙ㔛ᑗࢧࢽ ࣓ᑡࢩࢡ㞳ࣞࢸすࣀ᪉₻Ỉࢺ ὶࣀ┦᢬ゐࢫࣝฎᾏỈࣀ⃭ືṦࢽⅯࢩࢡ඼㡪ᅄ᪉ࢽኳୖⓑ㞷ࣤ㝆ࢫ ㎘࢟≬⊋ࣀᡓࣇ࢞ዴࢡⴙ㞾ࣀ࿁ࣝ࢞ዴࢡ㖟ᇛ๓ࢽಽࣞࠊ⋢ᒣᚋࢽ⫇࣊ዧ㎿ᛣ⃭⃏‑ࢽఝࢱࣜࠊ㏥₻ ⴙ㔛ᑗࢧࢽኳୖⓑ㞷ࣤ㝆ࢫࢽఝࢱࣜࠊ㏥₻ࣀ᫬ࣁ⯪⯧ᩒࢸṈᾏᓙࣤΏ⯟ࢫࣝ⬟ࣁࢨࣀ᫬ࣁ⯪⯧ᩒࢸ ࣝࢼࣜࠊṈᾏᓙࣤΏ⯟ࢫࣝ⬟ࣁࢨࣝࢼ
ࣜࠊ㏆ୡ⤮⏬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㬆㛛ᾏᓙ௨እࡢ

₻ࡢ⤮⏬໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
኱ஂಖ

⣧୍

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
௒᪥ࠊᅜෆ࡛

₻࡜࠸࠼ࡤࠊከࡃࡢேࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝㜿Ἴࡢ㬆㛛ࡢࡳࡀ᝿㉳ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ₻ὶࡢ᪩࠸ࡇ࡜࡛▱ࡽࢀࡿᾏᓙࡸ℩ࡣ࡯࠿࡟ࡶ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿Ꮡᅾࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ୰࡟ࡣ
₻ࡀᕳࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ࠸࡟ࡋ࠼ࡼࡾࠕ᪥ᮏ୕኱ᛴ₻ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ
ࠕ୍࡟᮶ᓥࠊ஧࡟㬆㛛ࠊ୕࡜ୗࡗ࡚㤿㛵℩ᡞࠖ࡜୕ࡘࡢሙᡤࡀㅻࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
㬆㛛ᾏᓙ௨እ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ឡ፾ࡢ᮶ᓥᾏᓙࠊ㤿㛵ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㛵㛛ᾏᓙࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ࠕ㬆㛛ࠖࡢㄒࡣࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࡣࠊᖸ‶ࡢ₻ὶࡀࡺࡁ࠶࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㡢ࢆ❧࡚ࡿ℩ᡞࢆ࠸࠺ᬑ㏻
ྡモ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢព࿡࡛࠸࠺ࠕ㬆㛛ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㛗ᓮ┴ࡢ኱ᮧ‴ࢆሰࡄࠕ㔪⏕ࡢ℩ᡞࠖࡸᒣཱྀ┴ᰗ஭ᕷ࡜࿘㜵኱ᓥࡢ㛫ࡢࠕ࿘㜵ࡢ㬆㛛ࠖࡶ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᮏㄪᰝࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ㬆㛛ᾏᓙ௨እࡢࡇࢀࡽࡢᛴ₻ὶࡢ୰࡛ࠊ㜿Ἴࡢ㬆㛛࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟

₻ࡢ⾲⌧ࡀ㏆ୡ࡟࠾࠸࡚⤮⏬໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ౛ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿሙᡤࡀ⤮⏬࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᥥ࠿ࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶࡑࡇࡀどぬⓗ࡟ࠕྡᡤࠖ
࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ╔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ≀ㄒࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓሙྜࠊᅗᵝࡶᐃᆺ໬ࡍࡿࡢࡀ㏻౛࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ
࡜࠼ࡤࠊ㜿Ἴࡢ㬆㛛࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ๓ᅇࡢሗ࿌࡛♧ࡋࡓ࡜࠾ࡾࠊ㏆ୡᚋᮇ࡟ᥥ࠿ࢀࡓస౛ࡢ࡯
࡜ࢇ࡝ࡣࠊ㜿Ἴࡢ኱ẟᓥ࠿ࡽᕳࡃᾏᓙࢆᣳࢇ࡛ῐ㊰ᓥ᪉ྥࢆ═ࡵΏࡍどⅬࡀᐃ╔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᐃᆺᵓᅗࡣࠊ㏆௦௨ᚋࡢ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࢆᥥࡃసရ࡟ࡶ࡯ࡰࡑࡢࡲࡲࡢ࠿ࡓࡕ࡛⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㜿Ἴࡢ㬆㛛௨እ࡟ࡶࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ

ᕳࡃᛴὶࢆ⤮⏬໬ࡋࡓሙᡤࡀࡶࡋ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ

࡞ࡽࡤࠊᩥ໬࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࡛ࡢ㜿Ἴࡢ㬆㛛ࡢඃ఩ᛶࡣᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡎኻࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ
ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ௨ୖࡢᛴὶࡢ⤮⏬໬ࡢ౛ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡣᗈ࠸ព࿡࡛ࡢ⤮⏬సရ඲⯡࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ࡜ࡃ࡟㔜どࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁࡣྡᡤᅗ఍ࡸ㢼ᬒ⤮ᮏࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㘊⤮ࡢྡᡤ⤮࡜࠸ࡗࡓ∧⾜సရ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣᅗീࡢᣑᩓຊࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛༢⊂ࡢ⫗➹⏬సရࢆୖᅇࡿ
ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ㢼ᬒࢆ࡜ࡽ࠼ࡿどⅬࡸᵓᅗࡀᚋ⥆సရ࡟⥅ᢎࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠺≉ᛶࢆᣢࡘࠋ
࡜ࡃ࡟ከࡃࡢ㒊ᩘࡀ䬙ࡽࢀࡿ㘊⤮ࡢྡᡤ⤮࡞࡝ࡑࡢዲ౛࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ㏫࡟࠸࠼ࡤࠊ㘊⤮໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࡢሙᡤࡀ࡯ࡰどぬⓗ࡟ࡣࠕྡᡤࠖ໬ࡋࡓ࡜ㄞࡳ᭰࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ
⬟࠿ࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ

− 43 −

௨ୗࠊಶࠎ࡟ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦࡢ⤮⏬໬ࡢ᭷↓ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚ࡺࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ

㸯㸬᮶ᓥᾏᓙ
᭱ึ࡟࡜ࡾ࠶ࡆࡿࡢࡣࠊឡ፾┴௒἞ᕷἈࡢ᮶ᓥᾏᓙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௒἞࡜ࡑࡢἈ࡟࠶ࡿ኱ᓥࡢ
㛫ࡢᾏᓙ࡛ࠊ㛫࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿᑠᓥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᅄࡘࡢ⊃Ỉ㐨ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ₻ὶࡣ᪩࠸࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ᫬㏿ 10 ࣀࢵࢺ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࠊ኱₻ࡢ᫬࡟ࡣ┤ᚄ 10 ࣓࣮ࢺࣝ࡟ཬࡪࠕඵᖭ

ࠖࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ㬆㛛ᾏᓙ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࡇࡢ⌧㇟ࢆほග㈨※࡜ࡋࡓほ₻⯪ࡶ㐠⯟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟୕኱ᛴὶࡢ➹㢌࡟ᩘ࠼ࡽࢀࠊ
⏬సရ࡟₻ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ▱ࡽࢀࡿ᮶ᓥᾏᓙࡔࡀࠊ⤮₻ࡀᥥ࠿ࢀࡓ౛ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋỤᡞ᫬௦ࠊ℩ᡞෆᾏ⯟㊰ࡣ≀㈨㍺㏦ࡢ኱ື⬦ࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ୺せ⯟㊰ࡣ୰ᅜᆅ᪉ࡢ
ἢᓊࡢᐤᆅࢆ⤖ࡪᆅ஌ࡾ࡜ࠊఀணࡢἈྜࢆᢤࡅࡿἈ஌ࡾࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ℩ᡞࡣࡑࡢ᪩࠸ὶࢀ

ࡀ⯪ࡢ᥎㐍ຊ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿࡀࠊ᮶ᓥᾏᓙࡣ᭱▷㊥㞳࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ࠿ࡘ₻ࡢὶࢀࡢᙉࡍࡂࡿࡇ࡜࡟
ࡼࡾࠊ୺ࡓࡿ⯟㊰࡟ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ⣖⾜ᩥ࡞࡝࡟ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀ࡟ࡃࡃࠊ
࠿ࡘ⤮⏬໬ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⌮⏤࠿࡜ࡶ᥎ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ⯟㊰࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᮲௳࡛ࡣ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࡢ࡯࠺

ࡀࡶࡗ࡜ᝏ࠸ࠋ

㸰㸬㛵㛛ᾏᓙ
᮶ᓥᾏᓙࠊ㬆㛛ᾏᓙ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟୕኱ᛴ₻࡟ᩘ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㛵㛛ᾏᓙࡣࠊ஑ᕞ࡜␥ෆࢆ⤖ࡪᾏୖ
஺㏻ࡢせ⾪࡛࠶ࡿࠋ஑ᕞ࠿ࡽᾏ㊰኱ᆏ࡟ྥ࠿࠺⯪ࡣᚲࡎࡇࡇࢆ㏻ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡔࡅ
࡟⣖⾜ᩥ࡞࡝࡟グࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᯛᣲ࡟ᬤࡀ࡞࠸ࠋ₻ࡢὶࢀࡢ㏿࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶࡼࡃㄒࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ྂ࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࠗᖹᐙ≀ㄒ࠘ࡸࠗ※ᖹ┒⾶グ࠘࡞࡝࡟グࡉࢀࡿቭࣀᾆࡢᡓ࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⯪ᡓ࡟㛗ࡅࡓᖹᐙࡢ㌷ໃࡣ₻ࡢὶࢀ࡟஌ࡗ࡚※Ặ㌷ࢆᨷࡵ❧࡚ࡿࡀࠊࡸࡀ࡚᫬㛫ࡀ⤒ࡗ࡚ὶࢀࡀኚࢃࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᡓࡢᙧໃࡣ୍Ẽ࡟※Ặࡢඃໃ࡬࡜㏫㌿ࡍࡿࠋ⣖⾜ᩥ࡟グࡉࢀࡿࠊࡇࡢᾏᓙࡢ₻ࡢὶࢀࡢ᪩࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿⤂௓ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊᾏ୰ࡢ
ᖸ⌔ᓥ࡜‶⌔ᓥࡀࡘࡃࡾࡔࡍᬒⰍࡢ⣲ᬕࡽࡋࡉ࡟ゝཬࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣከࡃࠊࡲࡓ₻ࡢὶࢀࡢ㏿࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆグࡍࡶࡢࡶᩓぢࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ

ࡀᕳࡃ࡜᫂☜࡟グࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶከࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ

࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊᑿᙇࡢၟே⳻ᒇᖹ୐ࡀா࿴ 2 ᖺ㸦1802㸧࡟஑ᕞࢆ㐟Ṕࡋࡓ㝿ࡢ᪥グ࡛࠶ࡿࠗ⟃⣸⣖⾜࠘ࡣࡑࡢⅬࡢླྀ㏙࡟㛵ࡋ࡚௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜࠸࠼ࠊࠕṈᇛୗ㸦㛗ᗓᇛୗࡢࡇ࡜㸧ࢆฟ− 44 −

㞳ࢀ࡚ࠊᒣࡢᑿࢆᘔࡾ࡚὾ᡭ࡟ฟ࡚ࠊᾏᓊࡢୖࡢ㐨ࢆ⾜ࠋ༡ࡢ᪉ࡢᾏ୰࡟ᖸ⌔ᓥࠊ‶⌔ᓥ࡜࠸ࡩ஧ࡢᓥ࠶ࡾࠋṈᬒⰍࢆぢࡣࡽࡋࡘ࢏⾜࡚๓⏣ᮧ࡟⮳ࡿࠋ⁺὾࡞ࡾࠋ⁺⪅ࡢᐙ஧୕༑
㌺࠶ࡾࠋṈᡤᾏࡣṈ㛗㛛ࣀᅜ࡜㇏๓ࣀᅜ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢᾏ㛛࡟࡚㇏๓ࣀᅜࡢ໭㠃ࡢ⋞ᾏ䬮࡜࠸ࡩࡼࡾࠊᒣ㝧㐨ࡢ༡㠃ࡢᾏ࡟ධࡿ㛛࡞ࡾࠋ↛ࡿᨾ࡟ᖸ⁹ࡢ₻ࡢ᪩ࡁࡇ࡜ࠊᏱ἞ᕝࡢ⏥ࣀ℩ࡼࡾࡶ⊰ⴠ⃭ࢀࡾ࡞࡝ྂேࡶ࠸࡬ࡾࠋぢᗘ࡟₻Ỉ኱Ἑࡢࡈ࡜ࡃὶࡿࠋࠖ࡜ࠊᖸ⌔ᓥࠊ‶⌔ᓥࡢెᬒ࡜ࠊ኱Ἑࡢࡈ࡜ࡃὶࢀࡢ㏿࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᭩ࡁ␃ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᚋᖺࠊᠾ㎮ࡢᙺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㛗ᒸᡓதࢆ୺ᑟࡋࡓ㛗ᒸ⸬ࡢἙ஭⥅அຓࡀࠊᏳᨻ 6 ᖺ㸦1859㸧࡟஑ᕞ࡟㊊ࢆᘏࡤࡋࡓ᫬ࡢ᪥グ࡛࠶ࡿࠗሻና࠘࡟ࡣࠊࠕ㛗ᗓࡼࡾ஧㔛ィࡾ⾜࡚ࢲࣥ㸦ቭ㸧
ᾆࢆ㏻ࡿࠋṈ㎶஑ᕞ㊰ࠋࢃࡎ࠿༑୎᭷ࡿ↓ࡋ࡜ᛮࡩ⛬⊃ࡋࠋᮅ஬ࡘ㐣ᾏỈ㢖ࡾ࡟す໭ᾏ࡬
ὶࢀࠊす໭ࡢ㡰㢼࡟࡚ᩘ⯺ࡢ⯪ᕹࡣ୸ࡃ࡞ࡿ⛬Ꮞࡵࡿ࡟ⓙ℩࡬ⴠࡕᚋ࡬ᡠࡿࠋᾏỈࡢὶዴṈᛴ࡞ࡿࡣጞ࡚ぢࡓࡾࠋࠖ࡜ࠊᛴ₻ࡢᵝ࡟㦫ࡁࡢᛕࢆᢪ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡓࡔࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ

₻ࡽࡋࡁグ㏙ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢᾏᓙࡢ₻ὶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ࠶࠼࡚

ࡽࡋࡁグ㏙ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࢆᣲࡆ࡚ࡳࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊᩥ໬ඖᖺ㸦1804㸧ࡢᯘⱥᏑࠗ⟃⣸㐨ⲡ࡛࠘࠶ࢁ࠺
࠿ࠋࡑࡇ࡟ࡣࠊࠕ₻ὶ‪ࡃࡀዴࡃࠊᛴ℩ࢆ▐┠ࡢ⿹࡟Ώࡾࠖ࡜࠶ࡾࠊࠕ‪ࡃࠖࡢᥥ෗࡟
࡬ࡢព㆑ࡀぢ࡚ྲྀࢀ࡞ࡃࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୰ࠊ㛵㛛ᾏᓙࢆᥥࡃ⤮⏬࡟࠾࠸࡚₻ࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡶᙜ↛ࠊぢ࠸ࡔࡏ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜

࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢᾏᓙࢆᥥࡃ⤮⏬సရࡣࠊ⣖⾜ᩥ࡜ྠࡌࡃࡑࡢᩘࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋ
ẚ㍑ⓗ᭷ྡ࡞ࡶࡢࢆᣲࡆ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊྖ㤿Ụ₎ࠗす㐟᪑㆓࠘ᕳ୕ࠕୗ㛵ࣀᅗ㜿ᘺ㝀ᑎࣚࣜᮃࠖ㸦ᐶᨻ 6 ᖺ࣭1794㸧ྖ㤿Ụ₎ࠕୗ㛵ᅗࠖ㸦ኳ᫂㹼ᐶᨻ㡭㸧ῡୖ᪫ỤࠗᒣỈወほ࠘ࠕᒣ㝧ወ຾ࠖࡼࡾࠕ㛗㛛㉥㛫㛵ࠖ㸦ᐶᨻ 12 ᖺ࣭1800㸧
ḷᕝᗈ㔜ࠕභ༑వᕞྡᡤᅗ఍

㛗㛛ୗࡢ㛵ࠖ㸦Ᏻᨻ 3 ᖺ࣭1856㸧஧௦ḷᕝᗈ㔜ࠕㅖᅜභ༑ඵᬒ

㛗㛛㉥㛫㛵ࠖ㸦ᩥஂ 2 ᖺ࣭1862㸧࡞࡝ࢆᣲࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢෆࠊᐇ㝿࡟⤮ᖌࡀ⌧ᆅࡢᬒほࢆ┠࡟ࡋࡓୖ࡛ᥥ࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊỤ₎ࡢ㸰Ⅼ࡜᪫ỤࡢࠗᒣỈወほ࠘ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋᗈ㔜࠾ࡼࡧ஧௦ᗈ㔜ࡢࡶࡢࡣࠊ᪫ỤࡢࠗᒣỈወほ࠘ࢆ✀ᮏ࡜ࡋࡓ୍✀ࡢᵓ᝿⏬࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇᬒయ㦂࡟ࡶ࡜࡙ࡃ㸰౛ࢆලయⓗ࡟ぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ㛗ᓮ㐟Ꮫࡢ᪑ࡢయ㦂ࢆࡶ࡜࡟᭩࠿ࢀࡓྖ㤿Ụ₎ࠗす㐟᪑㆓࠘ࡢࠕୗ㛵ࣀᅗ㜿ᘺ㝀ᑎࣚࣜᮃࠖ
㸦ᅗ㸯㸧࡛ࡣࠊ⏬㠃ᕥୗࡢࠕ℩ᡞࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀࡓ㎶ࡾࡢᾏ㠃ࡣἼ❧ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ₻ὶࡢᙉ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ࠺࠿ࡀࢃࡏࡿࡀࠊ

− 45 −

ࡀᕳࡃᵝᏊࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᅗ㸯ྖ㤿Ụ₎ࠗす㐟᪑㆓࠘ࠕୗ㛵ࣀᅗᅗ㸰㜿ᘺ㝀ᑎࣚࣜᮃࠖᅜ❧ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋ⶶྖ㤿Ụ₎ࠕୗ㛵ᅗࠖኳ⌮኱Ꮫ㝃ᒓኳ⌮ᅗ᭩㤋ⶶྠࡌỤ₎ࡢࠕୗ㛵ᅗࠖ㸦ᅗ㸰㸧ࡣ㙾࡟཯ᑕࡉࡏฝࣞࣥࢬࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㚷㈹ࡍࡿ║㙾⤮࡛ࠊࠗす㐟᪑㆓࠘ࡢࠕୗ㛵ࣀᅗ㜿ᘺ㝀ᑎࣚࣜᮃࠖࡢಠ▔࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ✵㛫ࡢዟ⾜ࡁࢆᙉㄪࡋࡓỈᖹࡢど㔝࡛ᥥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⮫ሙឤࢆ኎ࡾ≀࡟ࡋࡓ⤮࡛ࠊᙜ↛ࠊ㛗ᓮ᪑⾜᫬ࡢどぬయ㦂㸦࠾ࡑࡽࡃࢫࢣࢵࢳࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࡋࡓࡶࡢ㸧࡟ࡶ࡜࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⤮࡛ࡶࠊᙉ࠸㢼ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠿ᾏ㠃ࡀἼ❧ࡕࠊ₻ࡢὶࢀࡢ᪩࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆᛮࢃࡏࡿᥥ෗࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ

ࡣࡲࡗࡓࡃᥥ࠿

ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ᐶᨻ 12 ᖺ㸦1800㸧หࡢῡୖ᪫ỤࠗᒣỈወほ࠘ࡣ㛗ᖺ࡟ࢃࡓࡿ᪫Ụࡢᨺᾉࡢ᪑ࡢᡂᯝ࡜
ࡋ࡚ᐇࢆ⤖ࢇࡔࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࡸࡣࡾ⤮ᖌࡢᐇᬒయ㦂࡟ࡶ࡜࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ୰࡟ಠ▔࡟ࡼࡾ㛵㛛ᾏᓙࢆᗈ࠸ど㔝࡛࡜ࡽ࠼ࡓࠕ㛗㛛㉥㛫㛵ࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᅗࡣどⅬࢆᘬ࠸࡚㐲ᮃࡢ࠿ࡓࡕࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᾏ㠃ࡢἼࡣ㟼࠿࡛ࠊ₻ࡢὶࢀࡢ㏿࠸ᾏᓙ࡜࠸࠺࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡑ
ࡢࡶࡢࡀఏࢃࡗ࡚ࡣ᮶࡞࠸ࠋ
㘊⤮సရ࡛࠶ࡿḷᕝᗈ㔜ࠕභ༑వᕞྡᡤᅗ఍㛗㛛ୗࡢ㛵ࠖ㸦ᅗ㸱㸧ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ㛛ேࡢ஧௦ḷᕝᗈ㔜ࡢࠕㅖᅜභ༑ඵ
ᬒ㛗㛛㉥㛫㛵࡛ࠖࡶࠊᾏ㠃࡟ࡣᕳ࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡶࡑ

ࡶࠊᗈ㔜ࡢࠕභ༑వᕞྡᡤᅗ఍ࠖࡣỤᡞ࠿ࡽ㐲ࡃ㞳ࢀࡓすᅜࡢྡᡤ࡞࡝ࢆᥥࡃ㝿࡟ࠊ᪫ỤࡢࠗᒣỈወほ࠘ࢆ✀ᮏ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿ஦౛ࡀከᩘぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࠕ㛗㛛ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ඾ᣐస࡟

ୗࡢ㛵ࠖࡶྠ᭩ࡢᤄ⤮࡟౫ᣐࡀ↓࠸௨ୖࠊᗈ㔜ࡢ㘊⤮࡟ࡀᥥ࠿ࢀࡿࡣࡎࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ

ᅗ㸱࡞࠾ࠊ㛵㛛ᾏᓙ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㢼ᬒ⏬࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀቭࣀᾆࡢྜᡓ
ࢆᥥࡃᖥᮎࡢṊ⪅⤮ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡶࡼࡃᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᖹᩍ⤒࡟㏣− 46 −

ḷᕝᗈ㔜ࠕභ༑వ

ᕞྡᡤᅗ఍

㛗㛛

ୗࡢ

㛵ࠖᅜ❧ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋ⶶࢃࢀ࡚⯚࠿ࡽ⯚࡬࡜㣕ࡧ⛣ࡿ⩏⤒ࡢඵ⯺㣕ࡧࡢ⏬㢟ࡔࡀࠊࡇࡢ✀ࡢసရ࡟ᥥ࠿ࢀࡿᾏ࡟ࡶ
ࡣᕳ࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ௜グࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ

㸱㸬࿘㜵ࡢ㬆㛛
࿘㜵ࡢ㬆㛛ࡣࠊᒣཱྀ┴ᰗ஭ᕷ㸦ᪧ኱⏿⏫㸧࡜࿘㜵኱ᓥࡢ㛫࡟࠶ࡿ℩ᡞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྂ᮶ࠕ࿘
㜵ࡢ㬆㛛ࠖࠕ኱ᓥࡢ㬆㛛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕᑠᯇࡢ℩ᡞࠖࠕ኱␊ࡢ℩ᡞࠖ࡞࡝࡜࿧ࡤࢀࠊྂࡃ࠿
ࡽᛴὶࡸ࡛▱ࡽࢀࡓࠋ

ࡇࡢ℩ᡞ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⟶ぢࡢ⠊ᅖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ

₻࡟ゝཬࡋࡓ㏆ୡࡢ⣖⾜ᩥࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ኱ᆏࡢၟே࡛ࠊ䭎ᦶ࡜ࡢ㛫ࢆ⾜ࡁ᮶ࡋࡓ㧗ᮌၿຓࡢ⣖⾜ᩥࠗ䭎㝧 ㏉グ஦࠘୰ࡢグ஦࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡦ࡜ࡘࡣࠊᩥᨻ 12 ᖺ㸦1829㸧10 ᭶ 29 ᪥ࡢグ஦࡛ࠊࠕᮅᡶᬡࡐ࠺ࡢࡇࡋࢆ஌ฟࡋ⛬࡞ࡃᑠᯇࡢ℩ᡞ࡟⮳ࡿࠋṈᡤࡣ㜿Ἴࡢ㬆㛛ࠊ⫧๓ࡢ᪩ᓮࠊṈᑠᯇࡢ℩ᡞ࡜࡚᪥ᮏ୕℩ᡞࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟࡚ࠊ⯪㊰኱஦ࡢฎࡺ࡬ࠊ₻ₚࡿ᫬ࡣࠊ㞾ኌࡢዴࡁ㡢࠶ࡾ࡚

ᕳࡼࡋࠖ࡜࠶ࡾࠊ㜿Ἴࡢ㬆㛛ࠊ⫧๓ࡢᓥཎ༙ᓥࡢ༡ᶫࡢ᪩ᓮ࡜୪ࡪ୕℩ᡞ࡜ࡋࠊ‶₻᫬࡟ࡀᕳࡃ࡜ࡢఏ⪺᝟ሗࢆグࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊኳಖඖᖺ㸦1830㸧9 ᭶ 1 ᪥ࡢグ஦࡛ࡣࠊࠕ᪩ኳ㢼ᑡࡋࡺࡿࡳࡓࡿࡺ࡬ᑠᯇฟ⯪ࠊ኱⏿ࡢྥࡩᑠᯇࡢ℩ᡞࢆ஌ࡿࠋᢡࡋࡶ኱₻࡟࡚ࠊ₻Ỉᮾす༡໭࡟⃭ࡋࠊ඼ኌ㞾ࡢዴࡋࠋぢࡿ࡟ᜍࡋࡁ࠶ࡾࡉࡲ࡞ࡾࠋࠖ
࡜࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡶ᪩࠸ὶࢀࡀ⏕ࡴ኱ࡁ࡞₻㡢࡟ࡣゝཬࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ

ࢆ⮬ࡽࡢ┠࡛☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
⤮⏬సရ࡛ࡣࠊ࡝࠺ᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
⟶ぢࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ぢ࠸ࡔࡋࡓࡢࡣ୕౛࡛ࠊࡦ࡜ࡘࡣྖ㤿Ụ₎ࡢ᪑᪥グࠗỤ₎す㐟᪥グ࠘୰ࡢࠕ኱␊ࡢ℩ᡞ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࠗỤ₎す㐟᪥グ࠘ࡣኳ᫂ 8 ᖺ㸦1788㸧࠿ࡽ⩣ 9 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊỤ₎
ࡀ㛗ᓮ࡟㐟Ꮫࡋࡓ㝿ࡢ⮬➹⤮᪥グ࡛ࠊࡢࡕ࡟ࡑࡢ୍㒊ࡀࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ᐶᨻ 6 ᖺหࡢࠗす㐟᪑㆓࠘࡟࡞ࡿࠋࠕ኱␊ࡢ℩ᡞࠖࡣᒾࡢከ࠸℩ᡞࢆໃ࠸ࡼࡃ₻ࡀὶࢀࠊࡑࡢୖࢆᕹࢆୖࡆࡓ
⯪ࡀ㉮ࡿࡉࡲࢆᥥ࠸࡚࠾ࡾࠊᅗ୰࡟ࠕ₻ࣀ࣑ࢳࢽ஌ࣝ
ࡓࡔࡋࠊ⯪㉮ࣝ஦ዴ▮ࠖ࡜᭩ࡁධࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

₻ࡣᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ 9 ᭶ 27 ᪥ࡢグ஦࡟ࡣࠊࠕኵࡼࡾᒣ࡟Ⓩࡾぢ࡟ࠊᔱࡢ㛫䬀࡟ࡋ࡚₻ࢆ⁪ࡢዴࡃᛴὶ࡞ࡾࠋᒾ▼ᩘࠎฟ࡚ࠊ⯪඼㛫ࡔࢆ஌஦ஓࠋ∓ࢆ኱␊ࡢ℩ᡞ࡜பࠋࠖ

− 47 −

࡜࠶ࡿࡢࡳ࡛ࠊ

࡟㛵ࡍࡿゝཬࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࠗỤ₎す㐟᪥グ࠘ࡢෆᐜࢆཷࡅࡓࠗす㐟᪑㆓࠘࡟
ࡶࠊࠕ኱␊ࡢ℩ᡞࠖ࡜㢟ࡋࡓᤄᅗࡀ㍕ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸲㸧ࠋࠗỤ₎す㐟᪥グ࠘ࡀ℩ᡞࢆ࡯ࡰ┿ᶓ࠿ࡽ࡜ࡽ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
࡟ᑐࡋࠊࠗす㐟᪑㆓࡛࠘ࡣࠊ℩ᡞࢆᩳࡵṇ㠃࠿ࡽ࡜ࡽ࠼ࠊἼࡢ㟼࠿࡞℩ᡞෆᾏ࠿ࡽ℩ᡞ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ୍࡚Ẽ࡟₻ࡀὶࢀ㎸ࡴᵝᏊࡀᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅗ୰ࡢモ᭩ࡣࠕ₻ࡢ‶ࡿ࡟஌ᛴὶ࡟ࡋ࡚⯪ࡣࡋࡿ஦▮ࡢࡇ࡜ࡋࠖ
࡜࠶ࡿࡶࠊࡸࡣࡾᅗ㸲ྖ㤿Ụ₎ࠗす㐟᪑㆓࠘ࠕ኱␊ࡢ℩ᡞࠖᅜ❧ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋ⶶᕳࡃ₻ࡣᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ

୕౛┠ࡣῡୖ᪫ỤࠗᒣỈወほᣠ㑇࠘ࠕ࿘㜵኱␊ᾏ㛛ࠖ㸦ᅗ㸳㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠗᒣỈወほᣠ㑇࠘ࡣࠊ᪫Ụࡀㅖᅜࡢወほࢆᥥࡁ㞟ࡵࡓࡶࡢࡢ࠺ࡕࠊหᮏࡢࠗᒣỈወほ࠘࡟ࡣ཰㘓ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀฟ∧ࡍࡿࡘࡶࡾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࡀࠊᯝࡓࡏࡎᮍห࡟⤊ࢃࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕ࿘㜵኱␊ᾏ㛛ࠖࡣࠊୖ㏙
ࡢࠗす㐟᪑㆓࠘୰ࡢࠕ኱␊ࡢ℩ᡞࠖ࡜ᵓᅗࡀ㓞ఝࡋᅗ㸳ῡୖ᪫ỤࠗᒣỈወほᣠ㑇࠘ࠕ࿘㜵኱␊ᾏ㛛ࠖᅜ❧ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋ⶶ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠾ࡑࡽࡃྠ᭩ࡢ᝟ሗࢆࡶ࡜࡟᪫Ụࡣ⌧ᆅࢆゼࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢᅗ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡶࠊໃ࠸ࡼࡃὶࢀࡿ₻ࡣᥥ࠿ࢀࡿࡀࠊ

ࡽࡋࡁࡶࡢࡣぢ࠸ࡔࡏ࡞࠸ࠋ

㸲㸬㔪⏕ࡢ℩ᡞ㔪⏕ࡢ℩ᡞࡣ㛗ᓮ┴ࡢ኱ᮧ‴ࢆሰࡄ㔪ᑿᓥ࡜すᙼᯂ༙ᓥࡢ㛫ࡢỈᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᒅ᭤ࡋࡓ⊃࠸ᾏᓙ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᮶ᓥᾏᓙࡢ࠿ࢃࡾ࡟ࡇࡇࢆຍ࠼࡚ࠊ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࠊ㛵㛛ᾏᓙ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟᪥ᮏ୕኱
ᛴ₻࡜ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢ℩ᡞ࡟⏕ࡌࡿ₻࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᆅඖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࠿࡞ࡾ႖ఏࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ

࠺ࠋ㏆ୡᮎᮇ࠿ࡽ᫂἞࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊ
ࠕబୡಖ༑ᬒࠖ࡟㑅ࡤࢀࠊᆅඖࡢᩥ໬ே࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠕほ₻ࠖࢆࢸ࣮࣐࡟ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞リḷ࡟ャࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦㸯㸧ࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ஭ୖ㢗ᚨࡢャࢇࡔࠗబୡಖ༑຾
ࠕᾏ₻ᦂᆅ᮶

ほ㔪ᑿ₻࠘࡟ࡣࠊ
୍ᮃẼ㇦ဢ

㢼ᾉ཰㑏‪

┙

㌿᚟ᘔ㸦௨ୗ␎㸧ࠖ࡜ࠊ┙㸦୸࠸㸧ࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᕳࡃᵝࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤ㏆Ụඵᬒࡸ㔠ἑඵᬒ࡞࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࠕඵᬒࠖࡢ୺㢟࡛⤮− 48 −

⏬໬ࡉࢀࡓసရࡀከᩘ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀ࡚ࡶࡼࡉࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡍࡃ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶࠊỤᡞ᫬௦ࡢ୰ኸ
⏬ቭࡢ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡑࢀࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ⫧๓࡜࠸࠺㐲ᅜࡢࣟࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡜ඵᬒ໬ࡉ
ࢀࡓࡢࡀᖥᮎ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ඲ᅜ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ᝟ሗࡀὶᕸࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᫬㛫ࡀ㊊ࡾ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࡶ
ࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋඵᬒᵓᡂࡢ⤮⏬సရࡣู࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ༢⊂࡟㔪⏕ࡢ℩ᡞࡢࢆᥥ࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡣ⟶ぢࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡣ୍Ⅼᣲࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡸࡣࡾỤ₎ࡢࠗす㐟᪑㆓࠘࡟ぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊྠ᭩ᕳᅄ࡟ࠕ㔪ᑿ℩ᡞࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
℩ᡞࡢ໭ഃฟཱྀ௜㏆࠿ࡽ኱ᮧ‴᪉ྥ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ᮃࢇ
࡛࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ㸴㸧ࠋ℩ᡞࡢᾏ㠃୍㠃࡟኱ᑠ↓ᩘࡢࡀᕳ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅗ୰ࡢモ᭩ࡣࠊࠕᡤࡣⓑἼ㣕࡛Ἓ‫ࡢ‮‬ዴࡋࠋ₻‶࡚⯪ࢆ஌ࠋᖸ₻࡟஌ࡎࠖ࡜࠶ࡾࠊᑐᛂࡍᅗ㸴ྖ㤿Ụ₎ࠗす㐟᪑㆓࠘ࠕ㔪ᑿ℩ᡞࠖᅜ❧ᅜ఍ᅗ᭩㤋ⶶࡿᮏᩥࡣࠕ༑භ᪥ᕭࡢ้㡭⯪ࢆฟࡋ࡚භ㔛ࢆ㉮ࡿࠋᖹᡞ㡿㔪ᑿ℩ᡞ࡟⮳ࠋ㸦୰␎㸧Ṉ㛫༙㔛⛬ࡢ୰ࠊᒣධ⤌㱈㱒࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ₻ᓊᒾ࡟ゐࠊἼ࡞ࡃࡋ࡚ⓙ㞼⌔䬗㸦࠺ࡎࡲࡁ㸧ࢆ࡞ࡍࠖ࡜ࠊ
᫂☜࡟ࡢᕳࡃࡇ࡜ࢆグࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ᤄ⤮ࡣకࢃ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊࠗす㐟᪑㆓࠘ࡢࡶ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓ⮬➹ࡢࠗỤ₎す㐟᪥グ࠘࡟ࡶ࡯ࡰ
ྠෆᐜࡢࡇ࡜ࡀグࡉࢀࠊᾏ㠃ࡢ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠕ₻㞼⌔ᕳ㸦࠺ࡋ࠾࠺ࡎࡲࡁ㸧ࠊᮌ┠ࡢዴࡋࠖ࡜ᙧᐜࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

࠾ࢃࡾ࡟௨ୖࠊ㬆㛛ᾏᓙ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟₻ὶࡀ᪩ࡃࡀᕳࡃ࡜࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྛᆅࡢ℩ᡞ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ

㏆ୡ࡟࠾࠸࡚⤮⏬໬ࡉࢀࡓ౛ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆぢ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᇙࡶࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᆅ᪉సࡲ࡛ᚭᗏࡋ
ࡓㄪᰝࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ୰ኸ⏬ቭࡢ⤮ᖌࡢసရࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣห
ᮏࡢ㢮࡟㬆㛛௨እ࡛ᥥ࠿ࢀࡓ₻ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡓࡢࡣࠊ㔪⏕ࡢ୍౛࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊྖ㤿Ụ₎ࡢࠗす㐟᪑㆓࡛࠘࠶ࡗࡓࠋྠ᭩ࡣỤᡞࡢὒ㢼⏬ࡢඛ㥑⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ⴭྡ࡞⤮ᖌࡢస࡛࠶
ࡾࠊᤄ⤮ࡀ䭊㣭໭ᩪࡢࠗ໭ᩪₔ⏬࠘࡟ࡶ฼⏝ࡉࢀࡿ࡞࡝ࠊ୰ኸ⏬ቭࡢ⤮ᖌࡓࡕ࡟ࡶ▱ࡽࢀࡓ᭩࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ㔪⏕ࡢࡢወほࡀ௚ࡢ⤮ᖌࡢస࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠿ࡗ

ࡓࡢࡣ࡞ࡐࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡇࡢၥ࠸࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⟅࠼ࡣࠊࡑࡢሙᡤࡢ

₻ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀࠊࠕྡᡤࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕወほࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡍ࡛࡟ᗈࡃㄆ▱ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠊ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑ࠺⪃࠼ࡿᮦᩱࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡜

− 49 −

ࡋ࡚ࠊ␗ᅜேࡢ᪑⾜グࡢࡦ࡜ࡘࢆᘬ⏝ࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ
ᩥஂ 3 ᖺ㸦1863㸧࡟ࢫ࢖ࢫࡢ඲ᶒ኱౑࡜ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏ࡟㉱௵ࡋࡓ࢚࣓࢚࣭࢔࣮ࣥ࣋ࣝࡀࠊᖐ
ᅜᚋ࡟ࡑࡢయ㦂ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࠗᖥᮎ᪥ᮏᅗ⤮࠘㸦1870 ᖺห㸧୰ࡢ୍⠇࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡣ஑ᕞ࠿ࡽ
℩ᡞෆᾏࠊ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࢆ⤒࡚Ụᡞ࡟ᾏ㊰ྥ࠿࠺ࡀࠊ

₻࡟ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࡔࡅ࡛

࠶ࡿࠋᙼࡣ㬆㛛ࡣ኱ᆺ⯪࡟ࡶ༴㝤࡞ࢥ࣮ࢫࡔ࡜⯪ဨ࠿ࡽ⪺࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ⯪ࡣࡲࡿ࡛ࡢᙉࡉࢆヨࡍ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࠶࠼࡚ࡑࡇࢆ㏻㐣ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊኳೃࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟✜ࡸ࠿࡛ࠊ㐲ࡃࡢᾏ㠃࡟ࡣࠊἼᾉࡦ࡜ࡘぢ࠼࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡘ
ࡲࡾࠊ₻ὶࡀࡇࡢ⊃࠸㏻㊰࡟ẅ฿ࡋࡓࡓࡵ࡟ࠊᾏࡀࠊࡇࡇࡔࡅ࡛ࠊⲨࢀ≬ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ⵨ẼࢆṆࡵࡓࡀࠊḟࡢ▐㛫࡟ࠊᕳࡁࡢ୰࡟ᕳࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ

㸦㸰㸧ࠖ࢔࣮ࣥ࣋ࣝࡢ஌ࡗࡓࡇࡢ⯪ࡣࠊ㛵㛛ᾏᓙࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㔪⏕࡟㏆࠸ᖹᡞ℩ᡞࡶ㏻㐣ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ₻ὶࡢ᪩ࡉ࡟ゝཬࡍࡿࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⌧㇟ࡢ᭷↓ࡣู࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ͂
₻࡛̓ᗈࡃㄆ▱ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡣ㬆㛛ࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ≀ㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
๓ᅇࡢሗ࿌᭩࡛ࡶࢣࣥ࣌ࣝࠊࢩ࣮࣎ࣝࢺࡽࡢ౛࡛ゐࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᐇ㝿࡟㏻㐣ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡃ࡜
ࡶࡑࡢᛴὶࡸ

ࡢᙉ࠸࡜࠸࠺᝟ሗࡀ℩ᡞෆᾏࡢ⯪ୖࡢ஌ᐈ࡟ࡲ࡛ఏࢃࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࠊ㬆㛛ᾏᓙ࡜௚ࡢᾏᓙ࡜ࡢỴᐃⓗ࡞㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
๓ᅇࡢሗ࿌᭩㸦H29㸧࡟ࡶ᭩࠸ࡓࡀࠊ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࡣࠊ㕥ᮌⰧ⵷࡜࠸࠺୰ኸ㸦Ụᡞ⏬ቭ㸧࡟㊊ሙࢆᣢࡘⴭྡ⤮ᖌ࡟ࡼࡾᾏᓙ㢼ᬒࢆྵࡴᗈ࠸ど㔝࡛ᥥ࠿ࢀࠊࡉࡽ࡟ῡୖ᪫Ụࡸḷᕝᗈ㔜ࡽࡢ∧ᮏ࣭∧⏬࡜࠸࠺ᣑᩓຊࡢ࠶ࡿ፹య࡟ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊỤᡞᚋᮇ࠿ࡽᮎᮇ࡟࠿
ࡅ࡚ᛴ㏿࡟ࠕྡᡤࠖᬒほ࡜ࡋ࡚ᅗീࡢᐃᆺ໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࠊⰧ⵷ࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᥥ࠸ࡓࡢࡣࠊࡑࡶࡑࡶ㜿Ἴࡢ㬆㛛ࡢ▱ྡᗘࡀࡠࡁࢇ࡛࡚࠾ࡾࠊỤᡞ୰ᮇ࠿ࡽࡍ࡛࡟⤮⏬໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊᅜෆ࡛

ࡀᕳࡃᾏᇦࡢෆࠊ㬆㛛ࡢࡳࡀỤᡞᚋᮇ࡟⤮⏬ࡢ⏬㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ╔ࡋࡓ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢᆅᙧⓗ࡞≉ᚩࡶᣲࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᑐᓊ࡟ῐ㊰ࢆᮃࡳࠊྑᡭ࡟⣖ఀỈ㐨ࠊᕥᡭ࡟኱㜰‴ࡀᗈࡀࡿ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࡣࠊᗈ኱࡞ど㔝࡜ዟ⾜ࡁࢆᣢࡘ═ᮃ࡟ᜨࡲࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ18 ୡ⣖ึ㢌࡟すḢࡢ㏱どᅗἲࢆ୰ᅜ∧⏬ࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀࡣࡌࡵ࡚࠿ࡽࠊỤᡞࡢ⤮⏬ࡣࡑࡢどぬࢆ኱ࡁࡃኚㇺࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ㸦㸱㸧ࠋ୰ᅜ㢼ࡢ࢖࣐ࢪࢿ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿᒣỈ⏬࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᐇ㝿ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢྡᡤᬒほࢆ࡜ࡽ࠼ࡓ┿ᬒᅗ࡜࠸࠺ࣜ࢔ࣜࢸ࢕࠶ࡿ㢼ᬒ⾲⌧ࡀỤᡞࡢ⤮⏬ࡢ୰࡛ᙉࡃồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㊅ໃࡢ୰ࠊ࠾ࡢࡎ࡜ࡑࡢ㢟ᮦ࡟㑅ࡤࢀࡿሙᡤࡣ⤠ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ㬆㛛࡜ྠࡌࡃࠊᐩኈᒣࢆṇ㠃࡟ᮃࡳࠊྑ࡟┦ᶍ‴ࠊᕥ࡟㥴Ἑ‴࡜࠸࠺ᗈ

− 50 −኱࡞ど㔝ࢆ㄂ࡿ㇋ᕞࡢ᪥㔠ᒣ㸦༑ᅜᓘ㸧࠿ࡽࡢ═ᮃࡀࠊỤᡞᚋᮇ࡟ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞⤮ᖌ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᥥ࠿ࢀࠊࡑࡢᵓᅗࡀᐃᆺ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ᝿㉳ࡉࢀࡿ㸦㸲㸧ࠋ₻ࡢㄆ▱ᗘࡔࡅ࡛࡞

ࡃࠊ㝣ᆅ࡟ᣳࡲࢀࡓ⊃࠸℩ᡞ࡛ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ═ᮃ⨾ࢆᣢࡓ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ㬆㛛௨እࡢᾏᇦࡀ
Ụᡞ᫬௦ࡢ⤮⏬ࡢ୰࡟ᐃ╔ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓせᅉࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ

ὀ㸦㸯㸧బୡಖᕷᕷ㛗ᐊㄪᰝㄢ⦅ࠗబୡಖᕷྐ࠘ࠊᅜ᭩ห⾜఍ࠊ1982 ᖺ㸦㸰㸧ᘬ⏝ࡣࠊ㧗ᶫ㑥ኴ㑻ヂࠗ࢔࣮ࣥ࣋ࣝ

㸦㸱㸧

㏱どᅗἲࡢཷᐜ࡟࡜ࡶ࡞࠺⤮⏬ࡢどぬࡢኚㇺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᣋ✏ࠗᗈ㔜࡜ᾋୡ⤮㢼ᖥᮎ᪥ᮏᅗ⤮࠘ࠊ㞝ᯇᇽ᭩ᗑࠊ1969 ᖺࡼࡾᬒ⏬࠘ࠊᮾி኱Ꮫฟ∧఍ࠊ2007 ᖺ㸦㸲㸧 ᪥㔠ᒣࢆᥥࡃᬒほࡢᐃᆺ໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⚟ኈ㞝ஓࠕ኱ᒸ㞼ᓠࠓ᪥㔠ᒣᐩᕌ═ᮃᅗࠔ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚̿㛵ᮾ༡⏬ࡢ୍⣔㆕̿ࠖ㸦ࠗ࢔࣐ࣜࣜࢫ࠘111 ྕࠊ㟼ᒸ┴❧⨾⾡㤋ࠊ2013㸧
࡟ヲࡋ࠸ࠋ

− 51 −

A cultural and historical study of whirlpool phenomenon around theworld
David George Moreton

Objective – To present the cultural and historical aspects of sites around the world with awhirlpool phenomenon similar to that in the Naruto Straits.

Research methods – In order to discover the existence of other sites I first conducted a searchon the Internet which provided basic information such as the location and size of well-known
whirlpools around the world. Then, I searched for literary references to those places on “Google
Books”1, but since this is a cultural and historical study I have not included details as the size,
speed, mechanism of the whirlpool nor the width of the strait. Descriptions and explanations
appeared in a snippet or full-text form, however, in some cases, I could find the entire book on“Halti Trust Digital Library.”2 As a result, I found references in artistic and literary works as
early as the 1600s. Books published before 1943 are not protected by copyright law, so I haveposted paintings and drawings of various sites in this paper. I learned about the whirlpools in
Greece and Korea from people who had lived there.

Terminology – Let us examine the definition of `whirlpool`. In many cases the wordmaelstrom, which originated from the Dutch during the late 17th century and is a combinationof two words: maalen (grind, whirl) and stroom (stream) 3 is used to describe whirlpools.
Another dictionary describes maelstrom to be “a powerful often violent whirlpool sucking in
objects within a given radius.”4 Wikipedia describes a whirlpool as “a body of rotating waterproduced by opposing currents or a current running into an obstacle.” The same site lists
Saltstraumen, Moskstraumen, Corryvreckan, Old Sow, Naruto, Shookumchuck Narrows,
French Pass as notable whirlpools around the world. 5 One of the earliest references to− 52 −

whirlpools is published in book from 1658, which contains the writings of Olaus Magnus (14901557), a Swedish bishop, who wrote, “The whirlpool … is two hundred cubits long and is very
cruel. This beast has a long and large round mouth, like a lamprey, whereby he sucks in hismeat or water, and by his weight sinks and drowns a ship.” 6 Stories about whirlpools arecontained in legends and myths and many have been greatly feared. A geography book from1827 states,

When two currents of a more or less contrary direction, and of equal force, meet in anarrow passage, they both turn as it were upon a centre, which is sometimes spiral
until they unite, or one of the two escapes. This is what is term a whirlpool or eddy.
The most celebrated are, the Euripius, near the Island of Euboea, Charybdis, in thestraits of Sicily, and the Maelstrom, in the north of Norway….7

About sixty years later, Legends and Superstitions of the Sea and of Sailors in all lands and at
all times8 also mentions many whirlpools around the world. For example, “… at the straits ofMessina, where we find to this day a formidable whirlpool” (p19) and “Pentland Firth was thefabled location of this great whirlpool.” The author adds that “whirlpools were long an objectof dread…” (p20), however, “early accounts all grossly magnify the terrors of the whirlpool”(p22) Some years later, the Encyclopedia Britannica (9th edition) from 1888 as well as an
American reprint from 1889 states that a whirlpool is “a hollow in running water, caused or
accompanied by a whirling motion which attracts and engulfs floating objects” (p.540) andthat Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680) proposed the notion that “whirlpools marked theentrance to subterranean channels connecting different seas, and the phenomena of tides were
produced by the alternate flow of water in opposite directions.” (see diagram for 1665 for
Moskstraumen) The article also mentions that whirlpools are often described in folklore andthat “…all manners of sea-beings – krakens, trows (trolls), and mermaids, - claim sanctuary− 53 −

beneath the turmoil”, but that “horrible sea-monster made the gulf their home.” At the end,
the article mentions that “references to whirlpools occur incidentally in many places. See A.
Kircher`s `Mundus Subterraneus` Vol I, Amsterdam (1664); Pontoppidan`s `Natural Historyof Norway` (1755), `Nicholson`s Journal` Vol. I (1798) and the third volume of `Athenaeum`(September, 1864).”9

Findings – Based on the above definition or sites described as whirlpools, I found twenty
places around the world that have or have had whirlpool phenomena (see world map).
However, upon close examination I discovered that some are formed artificially such as theRance River, some can be considered to be rapids such as Seymour Narrows, and thephenomena in Kauai, Hawaii is more sort of a sink hole where water drops downward than aswirling pool of water. Here is the list of the twenty places in North America, Europe, Korea
and New Zealand.

Sites around the world with whirlpool phenomenon.
CANADA/AMERICA
1.

Kauai Maelstrom, Hawaii, USA:

2. Seymour Narrows, British Columbia, Canada:
3. Shookumchuck Narrows, British Columbia, Canada:
4. Deception Pass, Washington, USA:
5. Niagara Whirlpool, Ontario, Canada:
6. Old Sow Whirlpool, New Brunswick, Canada:
7. Doctor`s Cove, Nova Scotia, Canada:

EUROPE
8. Faroe Island, Denmark:9. Gulf of Corryvreckan, Scotland:− 54 −

10. Pentland Firth, Scotland:
11. Rance River, France:
12. Saltstraumen, Norway:
13. Moskstraumen, Norway:
14. Danube, Austria:
15. Strait of Messina, Italy:
16. Euripus Strait, Greece:
17. Bosporus Strait, Turkey:

KOREA
18. Myeongnyang Strait:
19. Sondolmok:

NEW ZEALAND
20. French Pass (Te Aumiti):− 55 −

− 56 −

4. Deception
Pass- USA

5. Niagara Falls
whirlpool - Canada

3. Shookumchuck
Narrows - Canada

2. Seymour
Narrows - Canada

8. Faroe Island - Denmark

Whirlpools around the world

16. Euripus
Strait, Greece

18. Myeongnyang Strait and19. Sondolmok - Korea

1. Kauai Maelstrom(Hawaii)

Naruto whirlpools - Japan

20. French Pass (Te Aumiti) – New Zealand

17. Bosporus Strait,
Turkey14. Danube - Austria

12. Saltstraumen
13. Moskstraumen - Norway

15. Strait of Messina - Italy

11. Rance River - France

6. Old Sow
whirlpool –Canada/USA

7.Doctor`s
Cove Canada

9. Corryvreckan Whirlpool and
10. Pentland Firth – Scotland

A description of each site with map, location, and historical references.
CANADA/AMERICA
1.

Kauai Maelstrom, Hawaii, USA

Map

Location and description
Located on the island of Kauai this is “not a true
whirlpool, but it is a maelstrom of deadly
dragging suction pulling down to the ocean
twenty feet below the lava-ledge.” 10 “Kauai
Maelstrom[is]amarvelously

mysterious

phenomenon. The sea air whistles before a bellowof water pressure erupts through the lava tubes
like a geyser. Before another blast of the blowhole,
white foamy ocean sucks water in…”11
Although the word “maelstrom”, which means a very powerful whirlpool, is used to describe
the phenomenon here, since there is no swirling action it cannot be considered to be awhirlpool. I could not find any historical reference to a whirlpool on the Hawaiian Islands.
2. Seymour Narrows, British Columbia, Canada
Map

Location and description
Seymour Narrows is a five kilometer(3.1 miles) section of the Discovery
Passage in British Columbia known
for strong tidal currents. Discovery
Passage lies between Vancouver
Island at Menzies Bay, British
Columbia and Quadra Island. 12

Historical description:
In 1792, George Vancouver (1757-1798), a British officer of the Royal Navy, surveyed
the Seymour Narrows, but did not consider the passage to be dangerous. However, a book from1891 states that “owing to the contraction of the passage the tides rush through these narrows
with great velocity…and in the full strength of the tide it becomes a boiling race, filled withwhirlpools and overfalls, which at that time render the passage impassable.”13 An example ofthe danger of this site is from February 1882 when the U.S.S Wachusett passed Ripple Rock,“the ship settled down in an enormous whirlpool and struck heavily, carrying away a− 57 −

considerable portion of her false keel and badly splintering her keel.”14 A book from 1893 states,“Seymour Narrows, named for the British admiral, but known to the natives at Yuculta, thehome of an evil spirit, who lived in its depths and delighted to snatch canoes and devour theiroccupants, and to vex and toss whales about.”15 The same book continues with “the few who
have advertently gone through the racing tide have seen the whole gorge white withfoam,waves rearing and breaking madly, deep holes boring down into the water, fountains
boiling up like geysers, and ships reeling, shivering, and staggering in the demon`s hold.”16 In
the April 1930 issue of Motor Boating, it states that “a passenger unit of the Admiral Line andAlaska bound swing like a cork midst the whirlpool tide-rips…”17 It is claimed that for about
one hundred years after 1850 more than 100 ships sunk in this dangerous area18 and that, “thepeaks also created giant whirlpools that sucked smaller boats below and threw larger ones offcourse.”19 However, in 1958 Ripple Rock was destroyed by a large explosion making the narrows
safe to pass through, but according to an article from 2002, “ the new, safer Seymour Narrows
is still a dangerous place. At times of high current, whirlpools form that can draw a boat — ora man — to the bottom.”20
3. Shookumchuck Narrows, British Columbia, Canada
Map

Location and description“It consists of a narrow opening
between the open waters of the
Georgia Strait and the large Sechelt
Inlet” 21 “At peak flows, whitecaps
and whirlpools form at the rapids
even in calm weather.”22 Shookum isa native American word for "strong"and chuck means "water." Twicedaily, nature puts on a show as thetide changes and the flow ofsaltwater switches, reversing thedirection

and

power

of

these

incredibly turbulent rapids. Fourtimes a day there is a strong tidal
rush of water23
Historical descriptionʁ
An early reference to the phenomena here is from a book published in 1919. It states that,− 58 −

“Launches should be careful as, though the rapids are very short, there are some bad whirlpools
which would prove fatal to a small boat.”24 Then, a book published in 1925 states that, “…atthese narrow places are great whirlpools that suck down whole trees…” 25 An article “A
Remarkable Panorama of Boiling ‘Skookumchuck’" from 1936 explains how to reach it, what tosee and look out for when you get there. The authors state, “We had seen seething whirlpoolsthat would drag down any ordinary- sized boat like a shark clutching at a swimmer…”26 Then,in the January 1946 edition of Motorboating in an article entitled, `Cruising Canadian` theauthor describes some men talking with local people about taking a boat to Shookum Chuck,
which to some young boys was “a gargantuan monster to them.”27 That article states that as
the men headed out, “on their port was the Scylla of dangerous rocks and raging white water;
to starboard the Charybdis of whirling, green, translucent water that formed and reformed
seemingly an endless chain of whirlpools.”28 In the article there also a couple of photographsof “Shookum Chuck rapids near the entrance of Seecheclt Narrows.”29 In British Columbia
rides a star from 1958, the author explains that there is “a phenomenon known as SkookumChuck — Strong Waters. A 20-foot tide pouring through its narrow mouth has about the same
effect as a firehose forcing its way into a bottle. In retreat, especially when canyon walls pinch
it or high winds excite it, it creates whirlpools that can suck down a Douglas fir or boil up in
12-foot- high caves..”30
4. Deception Pass, Washington, USA
Map

Location and description
The whirlpools here can be seen between Fidalgo
Island and Whidbey Island. A bridge connecting
the island was completed in 1935. The place wasnamed “Deception Pass” by Captain George
Vancouver because he felt that he had been“deceived” as to the nature of the waterway when
he came here in June 1792. 31

Historical description:
The earliest reference to this site in recorded in Salish mythology where it states,“there`s the cunning whirlpool at Deception Pass, where the tide bowls though the narrow gap
between Whidbey Island and the Washington mainland. [A] creature appeared as a lithe andattractive suitor to a young woman, Kokwalalwoot, who was gathering clams on the beach.

− 59 −

[She was] sucked into the water by her whirlpool lover [to live with him]32 and it is said thatshe “became an established navigation aid, guiding canoeists to safety through the rips andeddies.” 33 A detailed description of the pass from 1886 states that at one part there “is asubmarine ridge with plenty of water, but marked by strong eddies…”34 Another book from1884 mentions that “the difference of [water] level causes currents of almost inconceivableswiftness in Deception Pass. Only at certain states of the tide is it safe for any vessel to go
through the pass.”35 Then an article published in 1889 in Smalleys` Magazine relates the storyof someone who went through the pass in 1858. It states that a group of people “started in therain and fog at night. We missed the pass and bunted the rocks before we got in the pass, andthen we had a terrible time. The wind blowed like a hurricane, and the tide poured though likea whirlpool. It was one grand roar.”36 A report from 1892 also describes the danger at this spot.
“…At Deception Pass even greater dangers are encountered…The tide, suddenly confined
between walls of solid rocks [creates] great whirlpools and eddies….If a vessel strikes awhirlpool and takes asheer, only the promptest action can prevent a catastrophe.” 37 Travel
magazine from 1919 states, “[George] Vancouver named this narrow channel through which,at certain hours of the day the tide comes rushing in mad fury between the narrow banks, withgreat waves crowding over the top and piling up at the entrance. Great eddies with open
vortices swirl…” 38 Various books published during the 1930s and 1940s also mention
whirlpools and strong eddies at this place.

− 60 −

5. Niagara Whirlpool, Ontario, Canada:
Map

Location and description
It is located about five kilometers downstream
from Niagara Falls along the Niagara Riverlocated along the Canada-US border. It wasformedbytheerosionoftheNiagaraEscarpment. The whirlpool naturally spins in acounterclockwise motion. 39 The Whirlpool
Aero cable car, which started operation in 1916,
takes passengers over the whirlpool.

[Also see

1925 newspaper article photo]40

Newspaper article (April 27, 1925) (name of newspaper unknown)“Niagara Falls, N.Y. – The only scenic aero line in North
America crosses the angry waters of the Niagara fall. Herethe water rushes from the falls and makes a turn at rightangles into the Niagara River forming a treacherous
whirlpool, which swirls to a depth of 200ft. The cable carwhich crosses this spot at an elevation of 260 feet, carries
60 passengers…More than 50,000 people are carried acrossand back, safely each year.”
Historical description:
In 1827 Lieut. Fred Fitzgerald De Roos visited the whirlpools and when he and his
travel companions arrived they “looked down from a height of three hundred feet into a terrificgulf, where the river, precipitated through a deep ravine, rushes round in majestic curls… atumultuous uproar… Nothing in nature can be more awful that this scene…Huge trunks oftrees are constantly seen tossing to and fro in the giddy vortex, and writhing, as thoughtormented by its eddies.”41 Some years later, William Blackwood spent a week at Niagara andone day went to the whirlpool. He states, “the water has the appearance of molten lead, andthe people in the neighbourhood declare that from the eddies of this vortex nothing living canescape. Even boats have been absorbed by them, and, when this happens there is no possibilityof help from the shore. The boat upsets, and the men are drowned; or if not, the boat is kept
whirling round with the stream for perhaps a fortnight together, and the men are starved.”42 A
year later, others also mention how dangerous the whirlpools are, but recommend going there.

− 61 −

For example, “A visit to the Whirlpool should never be omitted. It is a curious and interesting
phenomenon…Watch with a spy-glass, some of the great logs which are whirling round in thenever-ending vortex; and you will be astonished at their appearance and motions…”43 Somevisitors even believed that “Even the great Maelstrom Whirlpool, of Norway, is not moredangerous than that of Niagara; none have passed the vortex of either, nor fathomed theirdepths.”44 A guidebook the Niagara Falls from 1855 offers this description:…the Whirlpool is about three miles from the Falls…No living thing can struggle withthis angry whirlpool. Destruction surely awaits all that falls with its reach……There isa better view of the whirlpool from the Canada cliff. Unlike the Falls, there is nothing
to woo or win the senses about the whirlpool. It rather awes and shocks the mind with
its savage fury.45

However, approximately thirty years later someone questions whether the phenomenon here
is really a whirlpool or not. “…the Whirlpool, one of the most interesting and attractive portionsof the river…The name, Whirlpool, is not quite accurate, since the body of water to which it isapplied is rather a large eddy, in which small whirlpools are constantly forming and breaking.46
Despite this site is still very popular among visitors today to the area.
6. Old Sow Whirlpool, New Brunswick, Canada:
Map

Location and description
Considered to the be the largest whirlpool
on the Western Hemisphere. It is locatedbetween the shores of Deer Island andMoose Island in between the provinces of
New Brunswick Maine.47 “Sow” should be
pronounced “suff”, so “Old Sough.” Soughmeans drain, it also describes the unique
sucking sound – like a pig makes – by thewater.48 “Other smaller nearby whirlpools
are now known as “piglets.”49

Historical description:
There is very little information about the Old Sow whirlpool. The earliest reference
comes from the 1930s and states that death lurked there and “when these splitting tides reacha certain level they rub and produce the Old Sow whirlpool”50 and they “had enough power tosuck down a schooner.51 Then in a magazine called Boy`s Life from 1941, it states, “The great− 62 −

Bay of Fundy tides split into three rivers. When these splitting tides reach a certain level
theyrub and produce the Old Sow whirlpool” and the author feels that the whirlpool is bad.52
Some years later another magazine stated that Old Sow is the world`s largest whirlpool, whichmakes a great attraction in the area.53
7. Doctor`s Cove, Nova Scotia, Canada:
Map

Location an description
It is located at the western tip of theprovince of Nova Scotia in Canada.
It is claimed that a maelstrom forms
here

with

blowhole
currents.

acombination

of

and

strongtidal

54

Other than this one reference I could not find any other information regarding a whirlpool ormaelstrom here.
EUROPE
8. Faroe Island, Denmark:
Map

Locationanddescription
Faroe Island, which ispart of Denmark, islocatedbetweenIceland and Scotland.
This

site

has

been

described in literaryworks and portrayed inmaps etc. for hundredsof years.

− 63 −

Historical description:
Map (1747) *Description*
This map in the rightcenter shows the whirlpool
south of Sundero Island. A
close-up image has been
provided to see the detailon the map.
The caption on the website
states:“The Faroe Islands havebeen

historicallytreacherous for mariners
due to the unpredictablecurrents

and

tides

surrounding them. Thismighty whirlpool swirledaround a sheer pinnacle ofrock called Monek, which
was said to resemble amonk from one side and asailing ship from the other.
Close up

Reports

say

that

the

whirlpool was over a milein diameter.”55
It is reported that scores ofboats and hundreds of lives
have been lost in this, thegreatest whirlpool in theworld.56− 64 −

1784ʁ “Iceland Whirlpool Bowes” shows the same map from 1747.

This whirlpool has also been described in several books. One from 1755 mentions that
there are three whirlpools in Ferro of which the most dangerous is the one south of Suder
Island and that these “whirlpools, are not occasioned by an extraordinary abyss orsubterraneous cavities, into which the water is violently attracted in the time of ebb….”57 Fifty
years later another book states the same. “The account we have of the whirlpools about theislands of Ferro, which belong to the crown of Denmark…The most dangerous is that whichlies south of Suderoe, near a rock called the Mon, where several vessels have been swallowed
up….” 58 Then, in a geography textbook for children from 1846 the instructions for the teacher
state, “Point out the Faroe Islands – Loffoden Islands – The Malstrom. The latter is a frightful
whirlpool in the sea; it sometimes engulfs small vessels, and dashes them to pieces. Whales
have been also drawn into its vortex.”59. Here is a page from the book:− 65 −

The whirlpools here in the past were considered to be quite dangerous, however, in 1884 a partof Monek collapsed into the whirlpool causing the whirlpool to disappear.
9. Gulf of Corryvreckan, Scotland:
Map

Location and description
The Corryvreckan is a narrow strait
between the islands of Jura andScarba, in Argyll and Bute, on thenorthern

side

of

the

Gulf

of

Corryvreckan, Scotland. It is the thirdlargest whirlpool in the world.60 Like
the whirlpools at Niagara, this site isalso offers tours for visitors (see photoof pamphlet)61− 66 −

Pamphlet
Front

Back

Pamphlet explanation - “On leaving Loch Craignish the vessel sails westward to the famous
Gulf of Corriecreckan, between the islands of Scarba and Jura. The eddies of the whirlpool varyconsiderably according to the state of the tide.”
Historical description:
One of the earliest accounts of this whirlpool is from 1841 when William L. Stone
wrote, “I have often listened with great delight to the sound of this vortex, at the distance ofmany leagues. When the weather is calm, and the adjacent sea scarcely heard on thesepicturesque shores, its sound, which is like the sound of innumerable chariots, creates amagnificent and fine effect.” 62 Five years later, Charlotte Elizabeth mentioned that thiswhirlpool “is caused by a conical rock rising abruptly from the bottom which produces a
succession of eddies, and these waters rise in short heavy waves, which are very dangerous toboats, and even to decked vessels.63 In 1864, the author to A Visit to the Corrycreckan writes− 67 −

that although people hear about scary and raging whirlpools, such as in Edgar Poe`s story of
the whirlpool in Norway, here “at slack water, the sea is as quiet in the Gulf as anywhere else.
In the greater number of instances, we believe, a stranger will be disappointed in a visit to theCorryreckan.”64 In 1879, another visitor wrote about this place. “In stormy weather, when thetides rush through the passage, a regular whirlpool is formed, which would prove thedestruction of any vessels attempting to pass that way…the roar of troubled waters as they
strike against the rocky shore is heard far and wide.” 65 In mid-August, the author George
Orwell nearly drowned in the Corryvreckan whirlpool.66
10. Pentland Firth, Scotland:
Map

Location and description
The Pentland strait is located between Oakleyislands of England and Scotland. “The dangersof the Firth have impressed writers for
centuries. In 1380 John of Fordun wrote that
Scotland was bounded on the north ‘by thePentland Firth, where a fearfully dangerous
whirlpool sucks in and belches back the waters
every hour.’ The Phoenician explorer Pytheas
sailed along the British coast in around 250 BC
and mentioned a place called Orca where there
were waves of immense size.67

Historical description:
A book from 1716 states that “This firth is remarkable for its swift, violent and contrarytides…the narrowness of the Passage, which makes it very dangerous…”68 Then, more than one
hundred years later there is a description of Pentland Firth in the London General Gazetter:“In it are several whirlpools called the Wells of Swinna; others near the island of Fiftala…Near− 68 −

the north side of the former island there is an exceeding dangerous whirlpool, called the
Swalchie of Stroma. Notwithstanding these dangers, the Pentland frith may be crossed andsailed through with great danger…”69 Another book states, “The maelstrom, or whirlpool, in
this firth, where the currents from the North Sea and Atlantic Ocean meet, is at least as violent
and dangerous as the `Rost`, so famed in ancient times, between the Orkneys and Shetland.”70
In 1853, it is claimed that “The Pentland firth is the most dangerous of the Scottish seas…”71
and later, in 1884, the whirlpool here is said to be “equally dreaded with the ancient Scylla andCharybdis.”72 Some years later, in The Encyclopaedia Britannica states the tide-streams are likemolten glass meeting the counter-current and leaping high into the air in columns of waterand spray…73
11. Rance River, France:
Map

Location and description
The

Rance

river

is

in

northwestern France and flows
into

the

EnglishChannelbetween Dinard and SaintMalo.

BeforereachingtheChannel, its waters are barredby a 750-metre long dam
forming the Rance tidal power
plant. 74 A powerful whirlpool
is generated at the surface ofthe green waters of the river
Rance by the action of a turbineof the tidal power station nearSaint-Maloin

Brittany,

France.75
The whirlpools here were created by the dam, completed in 1966, and thus are not a natural− 69 −

occurring whirlpool. There is no historical reference to this site.
12. Saltstraumen, Norway:
Map

Location and description
Saltstraumen is a small strait
with one of the strongest tidal
currents in the world. It is
located in the municipality of
Bodø

in

Norway.

Nordland76

county,Saltstraumen

ishome to the biggest whirlpoolsin the world.77
Historical description:
A visitor to Bodoe in 1822 was curious to see Saltstraumen so he made “a journey tothis extraordinary whirlpool, or rather congeries of whirlpools, and much more striking, I
believe than that of Mahlstrom…for Salten Strom is, by every account which I would gather on
the spot, a much more interesting and sublime spectacle than that of Mahlstrom…” He added
that, “Many boats are lost in these passages in the course of the year and the people who
happen to be in them are also invariably lost…Whales often pass this dreadful gulph, and when
they do so, the current being at its greatest force, they receive such injury, that on coming to
the surface to blow, instead of water they spout up blood, and thus are ultimately destroyed.”78
In 1827, someone claimed that the “celebrated current of Salten (Saltenstrom), which is more
dreaded than the Maelstrom…” 79 In a book from 1846, “There is, however, on the coast of
Norway in the Salten fjord, a whirlpool of considerable danger and violence. It is called theSalten Strom…The whirlpool is caused by the sea rushing through the narrow part. It is mostviolent in the spring….Its agitation is then so great, and the noise so loud, that the fishermenaffirm that it shakes their very huts…Numbers of fishermen have been lost, from their boats− 70 −

being drawn in by the current…”80 In a handbook for travelers in the region from 1858 it statesthat “There is little to see on the fjord, except the Salten Strom, a whirlpool in a narrow passageof the fjord, like the Maelstrom in miniature, but though smaller, more dangerous.”81 Then, ina book from 1890, after a description of Maelstrom or Moskenstrom, it states, “A like dangerous
current is the Saltstrom, at the entrance of the Salten Fjord, where a vast mass of water ispoured through a narrow opening at a terrific rate.”82 The Encyclopedia Britannica of 1894
under the category of “Whirlpool” says that “the most violent tidal current is said to be that ofSalten Fjord…known by the name of the Saltenstrom, and dreaded on account of its turbulence
and its numerous vortices.”83
13. Moskstraumen, Norway:
Map

Location and description
Moskstraumen is an unusual
system of whirlpools in the open
seas in the Lofoten Islands off
the Norwegian coast. It is thesecond strongest whirlpool intheworld.

The

fictional

depictions of the Maelstrom by
Edgar Allan Poe, Jules Verne,
and Cixin Liu describe it as agigantic circular vortex thatreaches the bottom of theocean.84− 71 −

Artistic works:
1539ʷOlaus Magnus – Carta Marina (map ofClose-up of 1539 map

Scandinavia) “Several horrendous whirlpools inthe sea.”

1665 –Mundus subterraneus, quo universae

1678 - The Maelstrom off the northwest

denique naturae divitiae is a scientific textbook

coast of Norway, south of the island ofwritten by Athanasius Kircher, and published in

Moskenes.

1665.Ocean whirlpools, such as the marvelous
Norwegian maelstrom, mark the submarine
entrances of passages which siphon water fromthe sea back to the mountainous hydrophylacia.

− 72 −

1838- A Practical System of Modern Geography:

1840-The Ladies`s Garland devoted to

Or, A View of the Present State of the World.

literature, amusement and instruction.

Robinson, Pratt & co. New York.

Vol III. J. Van Court, Philadelphia.

1864 – Edgard Poe et ses oeuvres (Edgar Poe andhis works) by Jules Verne− 73 −

Historical description:
A reference from 1752 warns of the danger of this whirlpool. “Upon the coast of
Norway, near the Isle of Hittereh … is that remarkable and dangerous Whirlpool, commonly
called Maelstrom [which] proves fatal to ships that approach too nigh…”85 Another book from1755 adds to this by stating that “its violence and roaring exceed those of a cataract, being heard
to a great distance, and without any intermission…”86 A book from 1803 and 1823 offer a similar
description, but also say, “that if a ship comes within its attraction, it is inevitably absorbed,
and dashed to pieces against the rocks at the bottom…It frequently happens that even whales,
coming too near the stream, are overpowered by its violence…”87 John Harris, writes in 1830,that “…the roaring of its waters is heard for five miles in stormy weather! And that if a vessel
do not steer a great way from it, the currents draw it swiftly in, and whirl it round and round,till it is dashed to pieces.”88 In another book, published in 1845, the dreadfulness and violenceof the whirlpool is mentioned again.89 Two years later, a book states that this spot is “the mostremarkable of the natural curiosities of Norway…it gradually increases till it become
tremendous, and roars with a noise unparalleled by the loudest cataracts.”90 Perhaps the most
famous reference to this whirlpool is in Edgar Allan Poe`s A Descent into the Maelstrom from1841. He says the same as in other books, which is that “the roar of its impetuous ebb to the sea
is scarce equaled by the loudest and most dreadful cataracts – the noise being heard several
leagues off..”91 However, this site is also mentioned by Jules Verne in 20,000 Leagues Under the
Sea in 1923:

Horror struck me cold. Were we then being dragged into that terrible whirlpool on
the Norwegian coast, from which no ship has ever come out? I felt the Nautilus
beginning to turn, then whirling in an ever-narrowing spiral. I was sick with fear andwith the violent movement, a cold sweat covered my body…92− 74 −Despite this, Charlotte Elizabeth writes in 1846 that the “Malstrom on the coast of Norway, isa whirlpool of similar kind [to that in the straits of Messina], the dangers of which seem tohave been much exaggerated…the whirlpool is simply caused by the rushing of the oceans as
the tide rises or falls between this rock and the chain of island which impedes its course.”93
The number of historical references and artistic works related to this whirlpool are extensive
and certainly the most seen among all of the twenty in this study. This whirlpool deserves acloser examination to compare it with the Naruto Straits.
14. Danube, Austria:
Map

Location and description
The Danube is Europe`s second
longest rivers. It is located inCentral and Eastern Europe…flows
through 10 countries…94
The whirlpool is between Vienna
and Budapest.

− 75 −

Artistic works:
1673 - A Brief Account of Some Travels in Hungaria,

1710 - Bohenehr Miniature After

Servia, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Thessaly, Austria,

Merian `Der Strudel.

Styria, Carintha, Cariniola, and Fruili. By Edward
Brown.

1840- The Strudel.(whirlpool) Grein, Werfenstei,

1845- Payne's Universum, The

Austria

Danube Whirlpool -The
Donaustrudel.

− 76 −

1883 - DeColange, Leo The Heart of Europe from theRhine to the Danube. (Boston, MA: Estes andLauriat, Publishers)

Historical description:
In 1673, the word “whirlpool” was used to describe the phenomenon 95 along the
Danube river and in 1710, 1840 and 1845 illustrations of the whirlpool at De Strudel are
portrayed. In 1803, Rev. Thomas Smith mentions that one of the branches of Danube called“Saw Russel, or Swines Snout, near Lintz, so called from a prominent rock which overhangs a
dangerous whirlpool; and another called Der Strudel, where the falling of the water makes adreadful noise.”96 Some years later, as part of a guidebook of Belgium, Holland Germany, theauthor states, “There are two whirlpools in this part of the Danube; the largest of these, iscaused by some steep rocks in the middle, that form an island” and although it is not that
dangerous boatmen say prayers before and after passing through that section.97 A book from1826 gives advice on how to navigate the Danube and to avoid the dangerous whirlpools where
the river is narrow.98 Then another visitor in 1837 had “heard so much of the danger of passing
the fall and whirlpool of the Danube….We left the whirlpool without being affected by any of
its undulations”, but concludes with “To sum up all, neither of these places are as dangerous as
many parts of the Moselle, the Mease, the Rhone, the Loire, and the Rhine…”99 Until the mid1840s, when “Danube Whirlpool forms one of the most imposing spectacles which greet theeye of the traveler as he glides down the majestic stream from Linz to Vienna…The Whirlpool− 77 −

was freed from the most dangerous rocks, which were blown up by gunpowder, and a secure
passage was thus obtained.”100 As so, as writing in 1853, the Strudel was not so dangerous as it
used to be101, and in The Economist from September, 1892 it states, “Meanwhile a great work
has already been finished as the Upper Danube, the troublesome whirlpool which had
hindered navigation near Linz for centuries having at last been done away with…After the lapseof a number of years this whirlpool has at last been demolished….”102 Thus, this whirlpool
disappeared entirely.
15. Strait of Messina, Italy:
Map

Location and description
The Strait of Messina (Italian: Stretto di
Messina), is a narrow strait between theeastern tip of Sicily (Punta del Faro) and thewestern tip of Calabria (Punta Pezzo) in thesouth of Italy. A natural whirlpool in thenorthern portion of the strait has been linked
to the Greek legend of Scylla and Charybdis.103− 78 −

Artistic works:
1617 - bird's-eye view of the Strait of

1664- Strait of Messina, copper engraving,

Messina by Braun & Hogenberg, after a"Mundus Subterraneus" of Athanasius

drawing by Pieter Brueghel and adapted byKircher

G. Hoefnagel

1720 –BODENEHR, Gabriel

1786ʷView of strait of Messina between(Birds-eye view of the straits of Messina)

Sicily and Calabria, Italy. By Desprez andDambrun, published on Voyage Pittoresquede Naples et de Sicilie, J. C. R. de Saint Non,
Impr. de Clousier, Paris− 79 −

1793- Brittania between Scylla and1846-Posthumous and Other Poems

Charybdis by James Gillary. Pub. Hannah

By Charlotte Elizabeth. (London, Seeley,

Humphrey

Burnside, and Seeley) 37

Historical description:
Since the early 1800s there are references of ships being “sucked into the vortex of thewhirlpool…and the seamen`s exertions were rendered in vain.” As well the noise of thewhirlpools was “likened it to a voracious monster roaring for its prey” and “these Straits has
been described as the most dangerous adventure that mariners could undertake….”104 Someyears later, another book stated that this was “the most tremendous passage in the world” andthat even “Aristotle gives a long and formidable description of it in his 125th chapter De
Admirandis” and by “many of the old Italian and Sicilian poets, who all speak of it in terms ofhorror; and represent it as an object that inspired terror, even when looked out at a distance.”105
In fact, “Homer told tales of Odysseus on a hazardous mystical sea voyage where heencountered two immortal creatures called Scylla and Charybdis. Although not a sea monster,Charybdis lives on in the Strait of Messina and is now called Garofalo.” However, a reference
from 1812 says that while “it was very formidable to mariners; but it is said to have been entirely
removed by the dreadful earthquake in 1783.”106 In 1846, Charlotte Elizabeth says that “during
a light wind a boat can be rowed over the spot without danger, though it will be much tossedby the waves; but when the wind is high, the swelling of the waves is more violent andextensive…The dashing of the waves on the hollow rocks about Cape Peloro produces a noise− 80 −

which is said to be like that of the barking of dogs….” 107 A book from 1893 downplays thedanger of the strait. For example, “Although they were a great terror to ancient navigators,
there are in reality rather small affairs and it is difficult to determine their exact position.”108
An earthquake in 1908 altered the ridge further decreasing the intensity and existence of thewhirlpools.

Thus, due to two earthquakes – one in 1783 and one in 1908 – the dreaded

whirlpool that existed here and was frequently depicted in various artistic works no longer
exists.
16. Euripus Strait, Greece:
Map

Location and description
The Euripus Strait is a narrow channel of water
separating the Greek island of Euboea in the
Aegean Sea from Boeotia in mainland Greece. The
strait is subject to strong tidal currents whichreverse direction approximately four times a day.
109

Historical description:
There are quite a few references from the 1800s about the whirlpools here. One states
that, “Whirlpools seem to be nothing else but circular motions of the waters occasioned by theaction of two or more currents…The Euripus, so famed by the death of Aristotle, alternately
absorbs and rejects the water seven times every 24 hours. This whirlpool is near the coast of
Greece…” 110 About twenty years later, “There is in Greece a remarkable irregularity or
disturbance in the waters of a narrow strait, which, though not precisely a whirlpool, has its
origin probably from a similar source. The island of Negropont (anciently Euboea) is divided
from the main continent of Greece by a narrow strait, formerly called the Euripus.”111 A bookfrom 1878 relates the story of a Roman historian Sallust (BC 86) “who on his way to Africa andGreece would probably sometimes have passed through these straits, write that `Charybdis is− 81 −

a whirlpool sea` (mare vorticosum) and again, that she `sucks down by hidden whirlpools
ships that haply are drawn into her…”112 Another states that “Among the most remarkable ofthe tidal anomalies is that noticed in the Euripus, or narrow strait between Euboea and thecoast of Greece. It is the called the Chalcidian whirlpool, although there can hardly be aquestion of a whirlpool in the case.” 113 A few years later, Elisee Reclus writes the Muslims
believe “that the five waves of the Euripus regularly follow the five hours of prayers…The fact
is, that the currents of the Strait of Negropont are unexplained…114 Several books in the early
1900s also describe the whirlpools here, but after that almost no references can be found.
17. Bosporus Strait, Turkey:
Map

Location and description“The Bosporous also known as the Straitof Istanbul is a narrow natural strait andan internationally significant waterway
located in northwestern Turkey. It forms
part of the continental boundary
between Europe and Asia.” 115

The

Turkish Straits [is where] a disturbed
mass of water flows through the seaway,
creating unpredictable whirlpools thatcombine treacherous and powerfulcounter-currents

ashazards

tonavigation.116 “The current in the Strait
forms treacherous whirlpools in several
places and has been called "the Devil's
Current.”117− 82 −

Historical references:
Perhaps the earliest reference to whirlpools here is from John Milton`s Paradise Lost
published in 1667:118
Through Bosporus betwixt the jostling rocks;
Or when Ulysses on the larboard shunned
Charybdis, and by th` other whirlpool steered
So he with difficulty and labour hard.
Here he mentions Bosporus and Charydis. One academic paper that sets out to proof that
“According to Homer, there was a huge whirlpool Charybdis in the Bosphour in 629~571BC.119
However, other than these two references very little information can be found about thewhirlpools here.
KOREA ʤ‫ࠅؘ‬ʥ
18. Myeongnyang Strait
Map

Location and Description
The

Myeongyang

known

as

StraitUldolmok(also
Strait;meaning Screaming Strait), justoff the southwest corner of South
Korea, separates Jindo Island fromthe mainland…The Myeongnyang
Strait, during the lifetime of Yi
Sun-Shin, was also known as'Uldolmok,'

or

'the

Roaring

Channel,' most likely due to thepowerful tidal forces occupying
and traversing the channel, whichwereespeciallyloudduringspringtime.120
You can view the whirlpools fromthe bridge above.

− 83 −

Historical references:
This strait is the site of a battle in 1597 during which General Lee-Sunsin and the
Korean navy defeated the Japanese navy. A paper entitled, “A Study on the Tidal Current Stateof Myeongnyang Strait on the Date of Myeongnyang Sea Battle, by Orbital Period of Celestial
Body” was published in 2015 describing tidal state during the battle of 1597.121 This is very little
information regarding the size and frequency of the whirlpools here. There is almost no
information about the site other than that the battle in 1597.
19. Sondolmok:
Map

Location and Directions
This strait is located between
Gimpo and Ganghwado in South
Korea.

The name originates from thelegend of a ferryman named
Sondol.122

Historical description:
There are only a couple of old references to the whirlpools at this place. In September
1884 Captain Patrick Hodnett (b.1834) from Ireland sailed to Korea from Yokohama and on the
17th encountered a violent storm in the Korea Strait. “In his memoirs, Hodnett wrote that `thetide was so rapid I thought she [the Zephyr] would turn over; a whirlpool with 15 fathoms was
close alongside of us. The rocks were rugged.`…Hodnett speculated that the tide had allowed
his ship to be snatched by the whirlpool and taken to the bottom.”123 One, from 1902, states “Itis through this strait, infested with rocks and rapids and with a tide rushing like a mill-race,that boats travelling from Chemulpo to Seoul must first find their way…” and adds, “To thoseof us who (for our sins) had to travel much in pre-railway days between Seoul and Chemulpo,
the water-route through these picturesque narrows became very familiar – the roaring
whirlpool of Son-dol Mok…” 124 Two years later, in a book entitled “Korea”, it states, “The− 84 −

famous rapids and whirlpool of Son-dol-mok, whose evil reputation is the terror of the coast,
are close by. There are numerous forts dotted round the coast of the island…”125 Other thanthose two references, almost no information can be found about the whirlpools here
NEW ZEALAND
20. French Pass (Te Aumiti)
Map

Location and Description“Te Aumiti / French Pass is a narrow andtreacherous stretch ofwater that

separates D'Urville Island, at the northend of the South Island of New Zealand,
from the mainland coast. In August
2014, the name of French Pass wasofficially altered to Te Aumiti / French
Pass.” 126 The name of French Pass wasgiven to by French explorer Dumont
D’Urville, who successfully navigatedthe pass in 1827.127
Historical description:
One of the earliest references to the whirlpool here is from 1846 where it states, “Thisstrait, to strangers unacquainted with the proper period of the tides, is highly dangerous evenfor boats…The sea, at the springs, rushes through at a fearful rate, forming numerous currents,
eddies, and whirlpools among the rocks, fatal to the luckless craft that unwarily tempts its
dangers without proper knowledge and care.”128 From a book published in 1855,, “the canoedrew straight into the whirlpool, called `The throat of Te Parata,` and dashed right into thatwhirlpool. The canoe became engulfed by the whirlpool and its prow disappeared in it…*The
people of New Zealand have another name for this whirlpool; they call it, `the steep descent
where the world ends.`”129 Then, in 1872, Sir Charles Wentworth wrote, “…I started for theSouth Island (who on his way) went “through the French Pass – a narrow passage filled withfearful whirlpools…” 130 Three years later another sailor wrote, “[we] went through thecelebrated French Pass. One can only go through with the slack of either low or high tide, as− 85 −

the current is so tremendous; the straits are not so narrow in themselves…I should think wewent within fifty feet of the shore, through whirlpools and currents of all descriptions.” 131
Another description can be seen from 1908, “The current had turned, and now ran toward
Admiralty Bay, but its action was too irregular, and the sea boiled in whirlpools in a frightfulmanner.”132 However, the origins are based on a Maori legend of Kupe, the first Polynesian to
discover New Zealand. It is believed the maelstrom here drowned his cormorant, whichbecame the reef here.

Conclusion:
This paper has examined the cultural and historical aspects of twenty sites in twelve
countries that have whirlpool-like phenomenon. Some places, although feared in the past, do
not exist anymore (for example, Strait of Messina, Danube), some are caused by water running
through a dam (Rance River), and some are more like rapids than whirlpools (Seymour andShookumchuck Narrows and Deception Pass). As well the phenomenon in Hawaii is a sinkhole,
not a whirlpool. By examining the artistic and literary works related to each site over the past
few hundred years, we discover that very few sites have been extensively described in books or
portrayed in paintings. However, the whirlpools that occur in Norway, namely Saltstraumen
and Moststraumen, have been described the most for the longest time and are the largest, thus
making them the most appropriate to compare with the culture and history of the whirlpoolsin the Naruto Straits.

− 86 −

1https://books.google.com/

2https://www.hathitrust.org/

3

https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/maelstrom

4

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/maelstrom

5

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool

6

Olaus Magnus. A Compendious History of the Goths, Swedes, and Vandals and Other

Northern Nation. (London; J. Streater, 1658) Book XXI, 226.
7

Conrad Malte-Brun, Universal Geography: Or A Description of All Parts of the World, on a

New Plan, According to the Great Natural Divisions of the Globe”, Volume 1. (A. Finley, 1827)
162.
8

Fletcher S. Bassett, Legends and Superstitions of the Sea and of Sailors in all lands and at

all times (Chicago; Belford, Clarke&Co.,1885)
9The Encyclopedia Britannica”, 9th edition, 1888.

10

http://www.momtastic.com/webecoist/2009/07/24/10-magnificent-maelstroms-and-destructive-whirlpools/#Tw8IhpeOhrC1cYYv.99
11

https://www.pinterest.jp/pin/241998179952681793/?lp=true

12

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Narrows

13

Pacific Coast Pilot: Alaska. Dixon entrance to Yakutat Bay with inland passage from Straitof Fuca to Dixon entrance, Part 1, (U.S. Government Printing Office.,1891) 39.
14

Ibid. p39.

15

Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore., Appletons' Guide-book to Alaska and the Northwest Coast:

Including the Shores of Washington, British Columbia, Southeastern Alaska, the Aleutian
and the Seal Islands, the Bering and the Arctic Coasts. (New York : D. Appleton and Co.,
1893) 21.
16

Ibid. p21.

17

S.H. Cooke ““The Alaskan Fleet Adjust Compasses” in Motor Boating Vol. 45. No. 4 (April,1930)14218

http://www.geog.uvic.ca/viwilds/ul-ripplerock.html

19https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/60-years-later-a-major-underwater-

explosion-in-b-c-still-fascinates-1.4598172
20

https://arachnoid.com/alaska2002/winds_currents.html

21

http://www.secheltvisitorcentre.com/skookumchuck-narrows

22

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skookumchuck_Narrows

23

Ocean: The Definitive Visual Guide, (London; DK, 2014) 84.

− 87 −

24

Arthur Bryan Williams, Rod & Creel in British Columbia. (Progress Pub. Co.,1919)

25

Steward Edward White, Shookum Chuck: A Novel , (Doubleday, 1925)

26

Carl Bolin, Pacific Motor Boat, Vol. 29., 1936) 11

27

Milton A. Dalby, “Cruising Canadian in Motorboating, (April, 1946) 36-38

28

Ibid., 36-38

29

Ibid., 36.

30

Vera Kelsey, British Columbia rides a star, (Harper, 1958)31

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deception_Pass
Jonathan Raban, Driving Home: An American Journey. (Pantheon. 2011) 216.)

32
33

Jonathan Raban, Passage To Juneau (Pan Macmillan, Jan 24, 2019) (1st ed. 1999)

34

United States Congressional serial set inventory control record 1, Volume 1165. (1864) 396

35

Miscellaneous: Special Report. United States. Dept. of Agriculture, (U.S. Government
Printing Office, 1884) 71

36

E.V. Smalley, Smalley's Magazine, Volumes 7-8. (1889), 27.

37

United States Congressional serial set, Issue 3080, (1892) 2757.

38

Travel, Volume 33. (Travel Magazine, Incorporated, 1919) 29.

39

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_Whirlpool

40

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool_Aero_Car

41

Lieut. The Hon. Fred. Fitzgerald De Roos, Personal Narrative of the Travels in the UnitedStates and Canada in 1826, (London, William Harrison Ainsworth, 1827) 150.

42

Capt. Thomas Hamilton, Men and Manners in America, Vol II., (William Blackwood,
London, 1833) 332.

43

Joseph Wentworth Ingraham, A Manual for the Use of Visitors to the Falls of Niagara,(Charles Faxon, Buffalo, USA, 1834) 59.

44

S. De Veaux, The Falls of Niagara or Tourist`s Guide to this Wonder of Nature including
notices of the Whirlpool, Islands &c. and a complete guide thro` the Canadas., (William B.
Hayden, Buffalo, 1839) 85.

45

Andrew Burke, Burke`s Description Guide or the Visitor`s Companion to Niagara Falls: Its
strange and wonderful localities., (Buffalo. 1855) 86.

46

George Washington Holley, The Falls of Niagara and Other Famous Cataracts, (London :Hodder and Stoughton, 1882) 46.

47

http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2009/07/24/10-magnificent-maelstroms-and-destructive-whirlpools/
48

Natalie Zaman, Magical Destinations of the Northeast: Sacred Sites, Occult, Oddities andMagical Monuments, (Llewellyn Publications, 2016)− 88 −

49https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/old-sow-whirlpool

50

William Heylinger, The Silver Run: a story of the sardine industry. (D. Appleton-Century
Co., 1934) 116

51

William Heylinger, SOS Radio patrol, (Dodd, Mead, 1940)88

52

Boy`s Life, Boy Scouts of America. (1941)

53

The Maine History News”. Volumes 3-11. Maine League of Historical Societies andMuseums, (1967) 10.

54

http://www.momtastic.com/webecoist/2009/07/24/10-magnificent-maelstroms-and-destructive-whirlpools/#MUMamzJfBqTocSi7.99
55

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1747_Bowen_Map_of_the_North_Atlantic_Islan

ds,_Greenland,_Iceland,_Faroe_Islands_(Maelstrom)_-_Geographicus_-_OldGreenlandbowen-1747.jpg
56

Jesse Hart Rosdall, The Ikdal family history – the American branches of the Ikdal familywith an account of their origins in western Norwary and information concerning the
Norwegain relatives, (1947)

57

Rev. Erich Pontoppidan trans., Natural History of Norway, (London, 1755)

58

Rev. Thomas Smith, The Wonders of Nature and Art; or a Concise Account of Whatever ismost curious and remarkable in the World, Vol II. (London: Printed for J. Walker, J. Harris,
1803) 256.

59

S. Augustus Mitchell, An Easy Introduction of the Study of Geography Designed for theInstruction of Children in Schools and Families, (Philadelphia: Thomas, Cowperthwait &Co., 1846)

60

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Corryvreckan

61

Undated pamphlet

62

William L. Stone, The Poetry and History of Wyoming, (Wilkes-Barre : C.E. Butler, 1841)
311.

63

Charlotte Elizabeth, Posthumous and Other Poems., (New York : M. W. Dodd, 1846) 37.

64“A Visit to the Corrycreckan” in The Athenaeum: Journal of Literature, Science, (No. 1923,
Sept 3, 1864)

65

William Henry Giles Kingston, A Yacht Voyage Round England, (London: The Religious
Tract Society, 1879) 223.

66

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Corryvreckan67

http://www.caithness.org/pentlandfirth2/

68

The Present State of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol 3. (London, Printed for J. Brotherton,
1716) 112.

− 89 −

69

The London General Gazetter, Or Geographical Dictionary, Vol 1. (London, W. Baynes &Son, 1825)

70

J.J.A Worsaae, An Account of the Danes and Norwegians in England, Scotland, andIreland” (London, J. Murray, 1852) 251.

71

The Topographical, Statistical, and Historical Gazetteer of Scotland” (Glasgow, A.
Fullarton & Co., 1853) 463.

72

W. J. Thomas ed., Notes and queries and historic magazine. A monthly history, folk-lore,
mathematics, literature, science, art, arcane societies, etc.”. Ser. 6, Vol 9.. (Manchester,N.H., S.C. & L.M. Gould., Jan~June 1884)

73

The Encyclopaedia Britannica – A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature,
Vol. XXIV. (Philadelphia, J.M. Stoddart Co., 1889) 571-572.

74

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rance_(river)75

https://stock.adobe.com/ie/images/a-powerful-whirlpool-is-generated-at-the-surface-of-

the-green- waters-of-the-river-rance-by-the-action-of-a-turbine-of-the-tidal-power-stationnear-saint-malo-in-brittany-france/222108190
76

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltstraumen

77

William Thomson, The World of Tides, (Great Britian,Quercus Ltd., 2017) 93.

78

The London Journal of Arts and Sciences. Vol II. (London, Sherwood, Neely & Jones,1822)86-88.

79

John Platts, The manners and customs of all nations; also, remarkable biographies,
histories, sects., (London, H. Fisher, Son, and Co. 1827) 660.

80Charlotte Elizabeth, Posthumous and Other Poems., (London, Burnside, and Seeley, 1846)
39

81

John Murray, A Hand-book for Travellers in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Iceland”, (NewYork : C. Scribner's Sons, 1858) 223

82

Chambers's encyclopedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people” Volume 6.
(Edinburgh, W. & R. Chambers, 1890) 789.

83

The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature,
Volume 24. (Maxwell Sommerville, 1894), 572.

84

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool

85

Miscellaneous Pieces. Consisting of Select Poetry and Methods of Improvement in
Husbandry, Gardening and Various Other Subjects, useful to Families, 3rd ed. (Sherberne[Eng.] : Printed for R. Goadby, 1752) 158.

86

Rev. Erich Pontoppidan trans., Natural History of Norway, (London, A. Linde, 1755)

87

Rev. Thomas Smith, The Wonders of Nature and Art; or a Concise Account of Whatever is− 90 −

Most Curious and Remarkable in the World. (Philadelphia, Printed by Robert Carr 1803)
256
Rev. W. Hutton, “The Wonders of Nature and Art Containing an Account of the mostremarkable and curious animals, and mineral and vegetable productions in the world.”(1823) (same as 1803) 206.
88

John Harris, The Wanderings of Tom Starboard or the Life of a Sailor, his voyages andtravels, perils and adventures, by sea and land.” (London, 1830) 287.

89

J. Olney, A practical system of modern geography: or, A view of the present state of theworld ... / revised and illustrated by a new and enlarged atlas, (New York, Pratt, Woodford& cr., 1845) 195.

90

The Ladies’ Garland devoted to literature, amusement and instruction.” Vol III.
(Philadelphia, J. Libby, 1840) 257.

91

Edgar Allan Poe, “A Descent into the Maelstrom” (1841)

92

Jules Verne, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, (1923)

93

Charlotte Elizabeth, Posthumous and other Poems, (London, Burnside and Seeley, 1846)
38.

94

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danube

95

Edward Brown, A Brief Account of Some Travels in Hungaria, Servia, Bulgaria, Macedonia,
Thessaly, Austria, Styria, Carintha, Cariniola, and Fruili. (1673)

96

Rev. Thomas Smith, The Wonders of the Nature and Art; or a Concise Account of
Whatever is Most Curious and Remarkable in the World, (London, Printed for J. Walker, J.
Harris, 1803)

97

Charles Campbell, The Traveller's Complete Guide Through Belgium, Holland andGermany: Containing Full Directions for Gentlemen, Lovers of the Fine Arts, andTravellers in General” (London, Sherwood, Neely and Jones, 1815) 253.

98

M Reichard, In Itinerary of Germany; Or, Traveller`s Guide Through that Country towhich is added an itinerary of Hungary and Turkey.” (London, Printed for Samuel Leight,
1826) 55.

99

Baron Riesbeck, Travels Through Germany in a Series of Letters, Vol 1. (London, Printed
for T Cadell, 1837) 216.

100

Charles Edwards ed., Payne's Universum, or, Pictorial world: being a collection ofengravings of views in all countries, portraits of great men, and specimens of works of art,of all ages and of every character. Vol 11 (London, E.T. Brain and Co., 1845-1847) 86.

101

Robert Blachford, The Water Lily on the Danube: Being a Brief Account of the Perils of aPair-oar During a Voyage from Lambeth to Pesth., (Mansfield, J.W Parker, 1853) 138.

− 91 −

102

The Economist, Volume 50, Part 2 (September 17, 1892) 1190

103

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Messina

104

Rev. Cooper Willyams, A Voyage of the Mediterranean in his Majesty`s Ship the
Swiftsure.” (London, A.M. T. Bensley, 1802) 16.

105

P. Brydone, A Tour Through Sicily and Malta in a series of letters to William Beckford,
ESQ, (London, Abernethy and Walker, 1809 28.

106

R. Brookes, Brooke`s General gazetter improved, (Virginia, Johnson and Warner, 1812)

107

Charlotte Elizabeth, Posthumous and Other Poems, (London, Seeley, Burnside, andSeeley, 1846) 39.

108

William Jay Youmans ed, The Popular Science Monthly, Vol XLIII. D. (New York, Appleton
and Company, 1893) 572.

109

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euripus_Strait

110

Georges Louis Le Clerc, “A Natural History, General and Particular: Containing theHistory and Theory of the Earth, a General History of Man, the Brute Creation, Vegetables,
Minerals, Etc. Etc.” (Translated from the French by William Smellie, London, Published by
Richard Evans, 1817) 101.

111

The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, Volume 8.
(London, Charles Knigh t& Co., 1839) 184

112

Freidrick K. Harford, The Diver: With Notes. (London, Bickers&Son, 1878) 26.

113

J. Minshull trans. Land, sea and sky; or, Wonders of life and nature”, tr. from the German.
(London, Ward, Lock &Co, 1881) 86-87.

114

Elisee Reclus, The ocean: a descriptive history of the phenomena of the life of the globe,(London, J.S. Virtue & Co., 1888) 100.

115

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosporus

116

David S.T. Blackmore, Warfare on the Mediterranean in the Age of Sail: A History, 1571–
1866, (USA, McFarland & Company, USA, 2011) 19

117

Ibrahim Hilmi Voskay, The Significance of International Straits to Soviet Naval
Operations 1975 -The Turkish Straits in International Diplomacy of Recent Times, 19361946, (Department of History, Stanford University., 1952)

118

C.W. Connon, The first four books of Milton's Paradise lost, (1855) 90

119

homerandatlantis.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Scylla-CharybdisJAH-1.pdf

120

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myeongnyang_Strait

121

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282519475_A_Study_on_the_Tidal_Current_Sta

te_of_Myeongnyang_Strait_on_the_Date_of_Myeongnyang_Sea_Battle_by_Orbital_Period_
of_Celestial_Body− 92 −

122

http://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/topic/detail/5567

123

http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2018/12/721_260362.html

124

Rev. M.N. Trollopem, “Kang-Wha” in Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal
Asiatic Society, Vol II. (1902) 2.

125

Angus Hamilton, Korea, (London: W. Heinemann, 1904) 286.

126

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Pass127

https://www.smashinglists.com/top-10-places-to-see-whirlpools/2/

128

H.H Chambers, The New Zealand Journal, Volume 6, (1846) 46.

129

Sir George Grey, Polynesian Mythology and Ancient Traditional History of the New
Zealand Race, as Furnished by the Priests and Chiefs”, (London: John Murray, 1855) 140.

130

Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke, Greater Britain: A Record of Travel in English-speaking
Countries During 1866 and 1867. (London, MacMillian and Co., 1872) 238.

131

Egerton K. Laird, The Rambles of a Globe Trotter in Australasia, Japan, China, Java, India,
and Cashmere, Volume 1. (London, Chapman & Hall, 1875) 122.

132

Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Volume 40 (Royal Society of New
Zealand, 1908) 440.

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nMerriam-Webster”, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/maelstrom
nPinterest”, https://www.pinterest.jp/pin/241998179952681793/?lp=true
Research Gate, “A Study on the Tidal Current State of Myeongnyang Strait on the Date ofMyeongyang Sea Battle, by Orbital Period of Celestial Body”,
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282519475_A_Study_on_the_Tidal_Current_Sta
te_of_Myeongnyang_Strait_on_the_Date_of_Myeongnyang_Sea_Battle_by_Orbital_Period_
of_Celestial_Body
Sechelt Visitor Centre welcomes you to Sechelt – the Heart of the Lower Sunshine Coast,“Shookumchuck Narrows”, http://www.secheltvisitorcentre.com/skookumchuck-narrows
Smashing Lists, “Top 10 Places to See Whirlpools”, https://www.smashinglists.com/top-10places-to-see- whirlpools/2/
The Korea Times, Opinion, “The adventures of Captain Patrick Hodnett: An Irishman in 19th
century Asia (Part 4)”, http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2018/12/721_260362.html
VI-Wilds Vancouver Island Wilderness and Historical Conservation. “Ripple Rock (Seymour
Narrows) http://www.geog.uvic.ca/viwilds/ul-ripplerock.html
WebEcoist “10 Magnificient Maelstroms”
http://www.momtastic.com/webecoist/2009/07/24/10- magnificent- maelstroms-and-− 98 −

destructive-whirlpools/#Tw8IhpeOhrC1cYYv.99
Wikipedia, “Bosporus”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosporus
Wikipedia, “Danube”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danube
Wikipedia, “Deception Pass”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deception_Pass
Wikipedia, “Euripus Strait”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euripus_Strait
Wikipedia, “French Pass”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Pass
Wikipedia, “Gulf of Corryvreckan”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Corryvreckan
Wikipedia, “Myeongnyang Strait”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myeongnyang_Strait
Wikipedia, “Niagara Whirlpool”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_Whirlpool
Wikipedia, “Rance (river)”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rance_(river)
Wikipedia, “Saltstrumen”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltstraumen
Wikipedia, “Seymour Narrows”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Narrows
Wikipedia, “Shookumchuck Narrows”,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skookumchuck_Narrows
Wikipedia. “Strait of Messina”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Messina
Wikipedia, “Whirlpool Aero Car”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool_Aero_Car
Wikipedia, “Whirlpool”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool
Wikipedia Commons, “File 1747 –Bowen Map of the North Atlantic Islands.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1747_Bowen_Map_of_the_North_Atlantic_Islan
ds,_Greenland,_Iceland,_Faroe_Islands_(Maelstrom)_-_Geographicus_-_OldGreenlandbowen-1747.jpg
Zolotukhin, Anatoliy, “Where were Scylla and Charybdis located?”,homerandatlantis.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Scylla-CharybdisJAH-1.pdf
ʤಛౣ୉ָʥ

− 99 −

ୡ⏺୰࡛₻⌧㇟ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿሙᡤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᩥ໬ⓗཬࡧṔྐⓗ◊✲ࢹ࢕ࣅࢵࢺ ᖖឿ ࣮ࣔࢺࣥ┠ⓗ㸸㬆㛛ᾏᓙࡢ

₻⌧㇟࡜㢮ఝࡍࡿ

₻⌧㇟ࢆ⏕ࡌࡿୡ⏺ྛᆅࡢᩥ໬ⓗཬࡧṔྐⓗഃ㠃ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋ

ㄪᰝ᪉ἲ㸸㬆㛛ᾏᓙ௨እࡢሙᡤࡢᏑᅾࢆⓎぢࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊୡ⏺࡛ࡼࡃ▱ࡽࢀࡿ₻ࡢ఩⨨ཬࡧつᶍ࡞࡝ࡢᇶᮏⓗ᝟ሗࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ᳨࡛⣴ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋḟ࡟ࠕGoogle
Booksࠖ1࡛ࡑࢀࡽࡢሙᡤ࡟㛵ࡍࡿཧ⪃㈨ᩱࢆ᳨⣴ࡋࡓࡀࠊ௒ᅇࡣࠊᩥ໬ⓗཬࡧṔྐⓗ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ₻ࡢつᶍࠊ㏿ᗘࠊ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡸᾏᓙࡢᖜ࡞࡝ࡢヲ⣽ࡣྵࡵ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ᩿∦ࡲࡓࡣ᏶඲࡞ࢸ࢟ࢫࢺࡢ≧ែ࡛ᢏ⾡ࡸㄝ᫂ࡣぢࡘ࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ࠶ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣࠕHalti Trust
Digital Libraryࠖ2ୖ࡛᏶඲࡞᭩⡠ࢆⓎぢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ1600 ᖺึᮇࡢᩥⱁ
సရ࡟グ㍕ࡉࢀࡿཧ⪃㈨ᩱࡀぢࡘ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ1943 ᖺ௨๓࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓ᭩⡠ࡣࠊⴭసᶒἲ࡛ಖ
ㆤࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢㄽᩥࡢᵝࠎ࡞⟠ᡤ࡟⤮ࡸᅗ㠃ࢆᥖ㍕ࡋࡓࠋࢠࣜࢩ࢔ཬࡧ㡑ᅜࡢ₻࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢᆅ࡟ఫࢇ࡛࠸ࡓேࠎ࠿ࡽࡑࡢᆅᇦࡢ

ᑓ㛛⏝ㄒ㸸₻࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࢇࡔࠋ

₻ࡢᐃ⩏࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ ከࡃࡢሙྜࠊ17 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡢ ࢜ࣛࣥࢲ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿゝⴥࠊmaelstrom ࡀ₻ࡢඖ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊmaelstrom ࡣ஧ࡘࡢゝⴥࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ maalen㸦ᅇ㌿ࠊ 㸧࡜ stroom㸦ὶࢀ㸧ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡛࠶ࡿ3ࠋ௚ࡢ㎡᭩࡟ࡣࠊmaelstromࡣࠊࠕᙉຊ࡛ࡋࡤࡋࡤ⃭ࡋࡃࠊᡤᐃࡢ༙ᚄෆࡢ≀యࢆ྾࠸㎸ࡴ₻࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡀ࠶ࡿ4ࠋ

Wikipedia㸦ⱥㄒ∧㸧࡛ࡣࠊ“a body of rotating water produced by opposing currents or a current
running into an obstacle”㸦ᑐྥࡍࡿὶࢀࡲࡓࡣ㞀ᐖ≀࡟ධࡾ㎸ࡴὶࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡿᅇ㌿ࡍࡿὶỈయ㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢧ࢖ࢺ࡟ࡣࠊୡ⏺࡛ࡶ᭷ྡ࡞

₻࡛࠶ࡿ

SaltstraumenࠊMoskstraumenࠊCorryvreckanࠊOld SowࠊNarutoࠊShookumchuck Narrowsࠊ
French Pass ࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ5ࠋ₻࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᭱ࡶึᮇࡢཧ⪃㈨ᩱࡢ୍ࡘࡣࠊ1658 ᖺ࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓ᭩⡠࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀ࡟ࡣ ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥࡢྖᩍ࡛࠶ࡿ࢜ࣛ࢘ࢫ࣭࣐ࢢࢾࢫ㸦Olaus
Magnus㸧 (1490-1557)ࡢⴭస≀ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࠊ
ࠕ− 100 −

ὶࡣࠊ㛗ࡉࡀ 200 ⭎ᑻ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟⋑⊛࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㔝⋇ࡣࠊࣖࢶ࣓࢘ࢼࢠࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛗ࡃ࡚኱ࡁ࡞୸࠸ཱྀࢆ
ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⮬ศࡢయෆࡍ࡞ࢃࡕỈ࡟ᘬࡁ㎸ࡳࠊ⮬㔜࡛ỿࡳ㎸ࡳࠊ ⯪ࢆỿἐࡉࡏࡿ6ࠋ₻࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㐓ヰࡣఏㄝࡸ⚄ヰ࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢከࡃࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ᜍࢀࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ1820 ᖺࡢᆅ⌮᭩࡟ࡣࡇ࠺᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࠕྠࡌຊ࡛࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ཯ᑐ᪉ྥ࡟ ྥࡁྜ࠺஧ࡘࡢὶࢀࡀ⊃࠸Ỉ㊰࡛ ྜὶࡍࡿ᫬ࠊ
ࡑࢀࡽࡣ୰ᚰୖ࡟࠶ࡿ࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᅇ㌿ࡋࠊ᫬࡟ࡣ
໬ࡍࡿ࠿୍ࡘࡀࡶ࠺୍ࡘ࠿ࡽ㐓ࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ

ᕳࡁ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ୍య₻ࡲࡓࡣᕳ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ࡛⾲ࡏࡿࠋ᭱ࡶ᭷ྡ࡞ࡢࡣ࢚ࣦ࢕࢔ᓥ௜㏆ࡢᾏᓙࠊࢩࢳࣜ࢔ᓥࡢᾏᓙࡢ࢝ࣜࣈࢹ࢕ࢫࠊ
ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘໭㒊ࡢ maelstrom ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ7⣙ 60 ᖺᚋࠊࠗLegends and Superstitions of the Sea and of Sailors in all lands and at all times࠘
8࡛ࡶࠊୡ⏺ࡢከࡃࡢࡣ௒࡛ࡶᜍࡿ࡭ࡁ

ὶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊࠕ࣓ࢵࢩ࣮ࢼᾏᓙ࡛ࡣࠊᡃࠎ

ὶࢆ┠࡟ࡍࡿ…ࠖ㸦p19㸧
ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠕ࣌ࣥࢺࣛࣥࢻᾏᓙࡣࠊࡇࡢ೧኱࡞

ὶࡢఏㄝⓗ࡞ሙᡤ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠖ࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢⴭ⪅ࡣࠊࠕὶࡣࠊ㛗࠸㛫ᜍᛧࡢᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡗ

ࡓࠖ㸦p20㸧ࠊࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ
ࠕ᫇ࡢሗ࿌ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࠊ ₻ࡢ⬣ጾࢆ኱ࡆࡉ࡟㄂ᙇࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿࠖ㸦p22㸧࡜ࡶ௜ࡅຍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩘᖺᚋ࡟ࠊ1888 ᖺࡢࣈࣜࢱࢽ࢝ⓒ⛉஦඾(Encyclopedia
Britannic) ➨ 9 ∧࡜ 1889 ᖺࡢ⡿ᅜ∧࡛ࡣࠊὶࡣࠊࠕὶỈ୰ࡢ㇂㛫࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪕ᅇ㐠ື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿ࠿࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪕ᅇ㐠ືࢆకࡗ࡚ࠊᾋ㐟ࡍࡿ≀యࢆᘬࡁࡘࡅ࡚㣧ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ࠖ࡜࠶ࡾ㸦p540㸧ࠊࡉࡽ࡟࢔ࢱࢼࢩ࢘ࢫ࣭࢟ࣝࣄ࣮ࣕ(Athanasius Kircher) (1601㹼1680)
ࡣࠊࠕὶࡣ␗࡞ࡿᾏࢆࡘ࡞ࡄᆅୗỈ㊰࡬ࡢධཱྀࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ₻ὶ⌧㇟ࡣ཯ᑐ᪉ྥࡢ

Ỉࡢ஺஫ࡢὶࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࢆᥦၐࡋࡓ㸦Moskstraumen࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ1665 ᖺࡢᅗࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋࡇࡢグ஦࡟ࡣࠊ ₻ࡣࠊẸ㛫ఏᢎ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡋࡤࡋࡤㄒ
ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ࠕ࠶ࡾ࡜࠶ࡽࡺࡿᾏࡢ⏕ࡁ≀㸦ࢡ࣮ࣛࢣࣥࠊࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࠊே㨶㸧ࡣࠊࡇࡢ኱ΰ஘
ࡢୗ㒊࡛Ᏻࡽࡂࡢሙᡤࢆồࡵࡿࠖࡀࠊࠕᜍࢁࡋ࠸ᾏࡢ᛹≀ࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡢఫࡳᐙࢆ‴࡟ᐃࡵࡓࠖ
࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊࡇࡢグ஦࡟ࡣࠊࠕ− 101 −

ὶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿཧ⪃㈨ᩱࡣࠊከࡃࡢ

ሙᡤ࡛ࡓࡲࡓࡲぢࡘ࠿ࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢔ࢱࢼࢩ࢘ࢫ࣭࢟ࣝࣄ࣮ࣕࡢࠗMundus
Subterraneus ࠘ ➨ 1 ᕳ 㸦 ࢔࣒ ࢫ ࢸ ࣝ ࢲ࣒ 㸦1664㸧㸧ࠊ ࣊ ࣥࣜ ࢡ ࣭ ࣏ࣥ ࢺ ࣆࢲ ࣥ (Henrik
Pontoppidan(1857-1943)ࡢࠗNatural History of Norway࠘㸦1755㸧ࠊ࢘࢕ࣜ࢔࣒࣭ࢽࢥࣝࢯࣥ
(William Nicholson 1753-1815)ࡢࠗJournal࠘➨ 1 ᕳ㸦1798㸧࠾ࡼࡧࠗThe Athenaeum࠘ࡢ➨ 3
ᕳ㸦1864 ᖺ 9 ᭶㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡢࡇ࡜9ࠋ▱ぢ㸸 ₻࡜ࡋ࡚㏙࡭ࡽࢀࡿୖグࡢᐃ⩏ࡲࡓࡣሙᡤ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊⴭ⪅ࡣ₻⌧㇟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࠊ

ࡲࡓࡣࠊ࠶ࡗࡓ 20 ࠿ᡤࢆୡ⏺࡛☜ㄆࡋࡓ㸦ୡ⏺ᆅᅗཧ↷㸧ࠋᑦࠊヲࡋ࠸᳨ウࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࣛࣥ
ࢫᕝ(Rance River)ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ேᕤⓗ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࢀࡤࠊࢩ࣮ࣔ࢔ᾏᓙ(Seymour
Straits)࡞࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟᪩℩࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࣁ࣡࢖ࡢ࢝࢘࢔࢖ᓥࡢ⌧㇟ࡣࠊỈࡀᕳࡃ⁀ࡲࡾሙ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣࠊỈࡀୗ࡟ⴠࡕࡿ㝗ἐ✰ࡢ㒊㢮࡟㏆࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ௨ୗ࡟ࠊ໭࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊḢᕞࠊ㡑ᅜ࠾ࡼࡧࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡢ 20 ࠿ᡤࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ₻⌧㇟ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ㸦㉳ࡇࡗࡓ㸧ୡ⏺ࡢㅖᆅᇦ࢝ࢼࢲ㸭⡿ᅜ
1.

⡿ᅜࣁ࣡࢖ᕞࡢ Kauai Maelstrom㸸

2. ࢝ࢼࢲᅜࣈࣜࢸ࢕ࢵࢩࣗࢥࣟࣥࣅ࢔ᕞࡢ Seymour Narrows㸸
3. ࢝ࢼࢲᅜࣈࣜࢸ࢕ࢵࢩࣗࢥࣟࣥࣅ࢔ᕞࡢ Shookumchuck Narrows:
4. ⡿ᅜ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥᕞࡢ Deception Pass㸸
5. ࢝ࢼࢲᅜ࢜ࣥࢱࣜ࢜ᕞࡢ Niagara whirlpool㸸
6. ࢝ࢼࢲᅜࢽ࣮ࣗ㒊ࣛࣥࢫ࢕ࢵࢡᕞࡢ Old Sow whirlpool㸸
7. ࢝ࢼࢲᅜࣀࣂࢫࢥࢸ࢕࢔ᕞࡢ Doctor's Cove㸸− 102 −

Ḣᕞ
8. ࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡᅜࡢ Faroe Island㸸
9. ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻࡢ Gulf of Corryvreckan㸸
10. ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻࡢ Pentland Firth㸸
11. ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ Rance River㸸
12. ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ᅜࡢ Saltstraumen㸸
13. ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ᅜࡢ Moskstraumen㸸
14. ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ᅜࡢ Danube River㸸
15. ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ᅜࡢ Strait of Messina㸸
16. ࢠࣜࢩ࢔ᅜࡢ Euripus Strait㸸
17. ࢺࣝࢥᅜࡢ Bosporus Strait㸸㡑ᅜ
18. Myeongnyang Strait㸸
19. Sondolmok:ࢽ࣮ࣗࢪࣛࣥࢻ
20. French Pass (Te Aumiti):− 103 −

− 104 −4. Deception
Pass- ΠϟϨΩ5. Niagara Falls
whirlpool – Ωψξ

3. Shookumchuck
Narrows – Ωψξ

2. Seymour
Narrows – Ωψξ

8. Faroe Island – υϱϜʖέ੊ֆ͹Ӗொ

16. Euripus
Strait, άϨεϡ18. Myeongnyang Strait and19. Sondolmok - ‫ࠅؘ‬

1. Kauai Maelstrom(ύϭ΢)

Naruto whirlpools – ೖຌ

20. French Pass (Te Aumiti) – ωϣʖζʖϧϱχ

17. Bosporus Strait,φϩα

15. Strait of Messina – ΢νϨΠ11. Rance River – ϓϧϱη6. Old Sow
whirlpool –Ωψξ/ΠϟϨΩ

7.Doctor`s
Cove –
Ωψξ

14. Danube – ΨʖηφϧϨΠ

9. Corryvreckan Whirlpool and
10. Pentland Firth – ηαρφϧϱχ
12. Saltstraumen
13. Moskstraumen – όϩΤΥʖᆅᅗࠊ఩⨨࠾ࡼࡧṔྐ㈨ᩱࢆῧ࠼ࡓྛࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࡢㄝ᫂
࢝ࢼࢲ㸭⡿ᅜ
1.

⡿ᅜࣁ࣡࢖ᕞࡢ Kauai Maelstrom

ᆅᅗ

఩⨨࡜ㄝ᫂
࢝࢘࢔࢖ᓥ࡟࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣࠊࠕᮏ≀ࡢ₻࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⁐ᒾᲴୗ᪉ 20ࣇ࢕࣮ࢺࡢᾏ࡬࡜ᴟᗘ࡟ࡺࡗࡃࡾ
࡜྾࠸㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ maelstrom ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ10ࠋࠕKauai Maelstrom ࡣࠊ㦫ࡃ࡯࡝⚄⛎ⓗ࡞⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
Ỉᅽࡢ࡜࡝ࢁࡁࡀ㛫ḞἨࡢࡼ࠺࡟
⁐ᒾὝ❍ࢆ㏻ࡗ࡚ᄇฟࡍࡿ๓࡟ࠊᾏ
Ẽࡀࣄ࣮ࣗࡗ࡜࠸࠺㡢ࢆᨺࡘࠋᄇỈᏍ࡛௚ࡢ⇿㢼ࡀ྿ࡃ๓࡟ࠊⓑ࠸Ἳ❧ࡘᾏࡀỈࢆᕳࡁ㎸ࡴ…ࠖ11⏝ㄒࠕmaelstromࠖࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙉຊ࡞
ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣ₻ࢆព࿡ࡋࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ⌧㇟ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟౑⏝ࡉࢀᕳࡃືࡁࡀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ

ࡿࠋⴭ⪅ࡣࠊࣁ࣡࢖ㅖᓥ࡛

₻࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡣぢ࡞ࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶

₻࡟㛵ࡍࡿṔྐⓗ㈨ᩱࢆࡲࡗࡓࡃ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗ

ࡓࠋ
2. ࢝ࢼࢲᅜࣈࣜࢸ࢕ࢵࢩࣗࢥࣟࣥࣅ࢔ᕞࡢ Seymour Narrowsᆅᅗ఩⨨࠾ࡼࡧㄝ᫂ࢩ ࣮ ࣔ ࢔ ࢼ ᾏ ᓙ (Seymour
Narrows)ࡣࠊᙉຊ࡞₻ὶ࡛▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣈࣜࢸ࢕ࢵࢩࣗࢥࣟࣥࣅ࢔
ᕞࢹ࢕ࢫ࢝ࣂ࣮ࣜᾏᓙ(Discovery
Passage)ࡢ 5 ࣓࣮࢟ࣟࢺࣝ㸦3.1 ࣐࢖ ࣝ㸧 ࡢ 㒊 ศ ࡛ ࠶ࡿ ࠋ Discovery
Passage ࡣࠊࣈࣜࢸ࢕ࢵࢩࣗࢥࣟࣥ
ࣅ࢔ᕞ࣓ࣥࢪ࣮ࢫ‴ࡢࣂࣥࢡ࣮ࣂ
࣮ᓥ࡜ࢡ࢔ࢻࣛᓥࡢ㛫࡟࠶ࡿࠋ12− 105 −

Ṕྐⓗㄝ᫂㸸1792 ᖺ 䛻 䚸 ⱥ ᅜ ᾏ ㌷ ኈ ᐁ 䝆䝵 䞊 䝆 䞉 䝞 䞁 䜽 䞊 䝞 䞊 (George Vancouver) (1757 䡚 1798)䛿
Seymour Narrows 䜢ㄪᰝ䛧䛯䛜䚸䛣䛾Ỉ㊰䛜༴㝤䛷䛒䜛䛸䛿⪃䛘䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹䛯䛰䛧䚸1891 ᖺ䛾ᩥ⊩䛻䛿䚸䛂Ỉ㊰䛜⊃䜎䜛䛯䜑䛻䚸₻ὶ䛿㠀ᖖ䛻᪩䛟䛣䛾Ỉ㊰䜢㏻㐣䛧…䚸₻ὶ䛾ᙉ䛥䛜᭱኱䛻䛺䜛䛸ὶ䛸㏫Ἴ䛜㏫ᕳ䛟Ⲩ䜜≬䛖᪩℩䛸䛺䜚䚸䛭䛾᫬䛿䛭䛾Ỉ㊰䜢㏻㐣䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿䛷䛝䛺䛟䛺䜛䛃䛸グ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛13䚹䛣䛾䝇䝫䝑䝖䛜༴㝤䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛾౛䛸䛧䛶 1882 ᖺ 2 ᭶䛾ฟ᮶஦䛜䛒䜚䚸⡿㌷Ⰴ䝽䝏䝳䞊䝉䝑䝖䛜䝸䝑䝥䝹䝻䝑䜽(Ripple Rock)䜢㏻㐣䛧䛯᫬䛻㉳䛝䛯䚹䛂Ⰴ⯪䛿ᕧ኱䛺₻䛷㌟ື䛝䛜

ྲྀ䜜䛺䛟䛺䜚䚸⃭䛧䛟⾪✺䛧䚸๪❳㦵䛾䛛䛺䜚䛾㒊ศ䛜ὶ䛥䜜䛶䛧䜎䛔 䚸ᝏ䛔䛣䛸䛻❳㦵䛜○䛡ᩓ䛳䛯䛃14䚹1893 ᖺ䛾᭩⡠䛻䛿䛣䛖᭩䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䛂Seymour Narrows 䛿ⱥᅜ䛾 ྖ௧ᐁ䛻䛱䛺䜣䛷ྡ䛵䛡䜙䜜䛯䛜䚸 䝴䜽䝹䝍(Yuculta)䛾ᆅඖẸ䛻䛿 䚸ᝏ㨱䛾䛩䜏䛛䛸䛧䛶▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䛾ᝏ㨱䛿῝䜏䛷⏕ά䛧 䚸䜹䝚䞊䜢ዣ䛔ྲྀ䛳䛯䜚 䚸ఫẸ䛯䛱䜢㈎䜚㣗䜉䛯䜚䚸䜽䝆䝷䛯䛱䜢 ᣮⓎ䛧䛯䜚ᣢ䛱䛒䛢䛯䜚䛧䛶႐䜣䛷䛔䜛䛃15䚹䛭䛾᭩⡠䛷䛿䛥䜙䛻䛣䛖⥆䛔䛶䛔䜛䚹䛂Ⲩ䜜≬䛖₻ὶ䜢ៅ㔜䛻㐍䜣䛰ᑡᩘ䛾⪅䛿䚸Ỉ㊰඲య䛜Ἳ䛷ⓑ䛟䛺䜚䚸Ἴ䛜≬䛳䛯䜘䛖䛻 ㏫❧䛳䛶䛿⿣䛡䚸 ᾏᗏ䛻ྥ䛡䛶῝䛔✰䛜㛤䛝䚸 ᄇỈ䛜㛫ḞἨ䛾䜘䛖䛻‪䛝ୖ䛜䜚䚸⯪䛜ᝏ㨱䛾せሰ䛻ᘬ䛝ᐤ䛫䜙䜜䚸䜺䝍䜺䝍䛸㟈䛘䚸䜘䜝䜑䛔䛶䛔䜛䛾䜢ぢ䛯䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛䛃16䚹1930 ᖺ 4 ᭶䛻Ⓨ⾜䛥䜜䛯䛄Motor Boating䛅䛻䛿䚸䛂䜰䝗䝭䝷䝹⯪(Admiral Line)ཬ䜃䜰䝷䝇䜹⾜䛝஌ᐈ୍⾜䛜₻䛾⃭䛧䛔₻ὶ䛾┿䜣୰䛷䝁䝹䜽䛾䜘䛖䛻ᅇ䜛䛃 䛸᭩䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛17䚹1850 ᖺ䛛䜙ᚋ䛾 100 ᖺ㛫䚸䛣䛾༴㝤䛺ᆅᇦ䛷 100 㞘䜢㉸䛘䜛⯪䛜ỿ
䜏18ࠊ䛥䜙䛻䛂ᾏ䛛䜙✺䛝ฟ䛯Ἴ䛾㡬䛜ᕧ኱䛺䜢స䜚ฟ䛧䚸ᑠ䛥䛺⯪䛿ୗ䛻ỿ䜏䚸኱䛝䛺⯪䛿㐍㊰䛛䜙㐓䜜䛯䛃䛸グ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛19䚹䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙䚸䝸䝑䝥䝹䝻䝑䜽䛿䚸኱⇿Ⓨ䛻䜘䛳䛶◚ቯ䛥䜜䛯䛾䛷䚸௒᪥䛿Ᏻ඲䛻㏻㐣䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛯䛜䚸2002 ᖺ䛾グ஦䛻䜘䜜䜀䚸䛂᪂䛧䛟䛺䛳䛯䜘䜚Ᏻ඲䛺 Seymour Narrows 䛿௒䛺䛚༴㝤䛺ሙᡤ䛷䛒䜛䚹Ἴ䛜㧗䛔᫬䛻䛿䚸ᑠ⯪䚸䛒䜛䛔䛿ே䜢ᾏᗏ䛻ᘬ䛝㎸䜏䛛䛽䛺䛔₻ 䛜䛷䛝䜛20䚹

− 106 −

3. ࢝ࢼࢲᅜࡢࣈࣜࢸ࢕ࢵࢩࣗࢥࣟࣥࣅ࢔ᕞࡢ Shookumchuck Narrowsᆅᅗ఩⨨࠾ࡼࡧㄝ᫂
ࠕࢪ࣮ࣙࢪ࢔ᾏ ᓙ(Georgia Strait)ࡢᗈ࠸Ỉᇦ࡜ᗈ࠸ࢩ࣮ࢩ࢙ࣝࢺධ
ࡾỤ(Sechelt Inlet)ࡢ㛫ࡢ⊃࠸㛤ཱྀ㒊࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ21 ࠕὶ㔞ࡀࣆ࣮ࢡࡢ᫬
࡟ࡣࠊኳೃࡀ✜ࡸ࠿࡞᪥࡛ࡶⓑἼ࡜₻ࡀ᪩℩ࡢሙᡤ࡛ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋࠖ
22

Shookum ࡣࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝

ேࡢゝⴥ࡛ࠕᙉ࠸ࠖࡇ࡜ࢆࠊchuckࡣࠕỈࠖࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋ₻ࡢ‶ࡕᘬࡁ࡟ࡼࡾᾏỈࡢὶࢀࡀኚࢃࡿ 1 ᪥࡟ 2ᅇࠊ⮬↛ࡀࢩ࣮ࣙࢆ㛤ࡁࠊಙࡌࡽࢀ
࡞࠸࡯࡝Ⲩࢀ≬࠺᪩℩ࡢ᪉ྥ࡜ຊ
ࡢྥࡁࢆ㏫࡟ࡍࡿࠋ1 ᪥ 4 ᅇᾏỈࡢᙉຊ࡞₻ࡢ‶ࡕᘬࡁ࡛ὶࢀࡀ㏿ࡃ
࡞ࡿࠋ21
Ṕྐⓗㄝ᫂
䛣䛾⌧㇟䛻㛵䛧䛶グ㏙䛾䛒䜛ึᮇ䛾㈨ᩱ䛿䚸1919 ᖺ䛻ฟ∧䛥䜜䛯䚹䛭䛣䛻䛿 䛂᪩℩䛜㠀ᖖ䛻▷䛟䛶䜒ᑠ⯚䛻䛸䛳䛶⮴࿨യ䛸䛺䜛㓞䛔₻䛜䛒䜛⛬ᗘⓎ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛷䚸⯪ฟ䛿ៅ㔜䛻䚹䛃䛸᭩䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛22䚹1925 ᖺ䛻ฟ∧䛥䜜䛯᭩⡠䛻䛿䚸䛂䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺⊃䛔ሙᡤ䛷䜒䚸 ᶞᮌ䜢䜎䜛䛤䛸ᘬ䛝㎸䜐䜘䛖䛺኱䛝䛺

₻䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛䛃䛸᭩䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛23䚹1936 ᖺ䛻Ⓨ⾲䛥䜜䛯ㄽᩥ䛂A Remarkable

Panorama of Boiling "Skookumchuck"䛃䛻䛿䚸䛭䛣䜈䛾฿㐩᪉ἲ䜔䚸฿㐩䛧䛯᫬䛻ఱ䜢ぢ䛶ఱ䛻ὀព䛧䛯䜙䜘䛔䛛䛜ㄝ᫂䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䛾ⴭ⪅䛿䛂䝃䝯䛜Ὃ䛔䛷䛔䜛ே䜢ᤕ䛘䜘䛖䛸䛩䜛䜘䛖䛻䚸ᬑ
㏻䛾኱䛝䛥䛾⯪䜢ᘬ䛝䛪䜚㎸䜣䛷䛧䜎䛖䜘䛖䛺 ⃭䛧䛔₻䜢ぢ䛯䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛䛃䛸㏙䜉䛶䛔䜛24䚹1946

ᖺ 1 ᭶∧䛾䛄Motorboating䛅䛻䛿䚸䛂Cruising Canadian䛃 䛸䛔䛖䝍䜲䝖䝹䛾グ஦䛜䛒䜚䚸䛭䛾ⴭ⪅
䛿䚸」ᩘ䛾䜒䛾䛜 Shockum Chuck 䜎䛷⯪䛷⾜䛟䛣䛸䛻䛴䛔䛶ᆅඖ䛾ே䚻䛸ヰ䜢䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛻䛴
䛔䛶㏙䜉䛯䛜䚸Shockum Chuck 䛿ⱝ䛔ᑡᖺ㐩䛻䛸䛳䛶䛿䚸䛂㏵᪉䜒䛺䛟ᕧ኱䛺䝰䞁䝇䝍䞊䛷䛒䛳− 107 −

䛯䛃25䚹䛣䛾グ஦䛻䛿䚸 ⏨䛯䛱䛜ฟ⯟䛩䜛䛸䛝䛻䛿䚸䛂༴㝤䛺ᒾ䛸Ⲩ䜜≬䛖ⓑἼ䛷䛷䛝䛯䝇䜻䝳䝷䛿
ẕ

ഃ䛻䛔䛶䚸

ᕳ䜎䛔䛯༙㏱᫂䛷⥳Ⰽ䛾䜹䝸䝳䝤䝕䜱䝇䜢ྑ䛻ྥ䛛䛫䜛䛾䛷䚸₻䛾↓㝈䛾㐃

㙐䛜స䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛻ぢ䛘䜛䛃䛸グ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹”26㻌 䛣䛾グ஦䛻䛿䚸䛂Seecheclt Narrows ධཱྀ
௜㏆䛾 Shookum Chuck 䛾᪩℩䛃䛜᧜ᙳ䛥䜜䛯 2 ᯛ䛾෗┿䜒ᥖ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛27䚹1958 ᖺⓎ⾜䛾䛄British Columbia Rides a Star䛅䛷䛿䚸䛭䛾ⴭ⪅䛿䛂Skookum-Chuck 䛩䛺䜟䛱ᙉຊ䛺ᾏỈ䛸䛧䛶▱䜙䜜䜛⌧㇟䛜䛒䜛䚹䛭䛾⊃䛔ཱྀ䜢㏻䛨䛶ὶ䜜㎸䜐 20 䝣䜱䞊䝖䛾 ₻ὶ䛿䚸ᾘⅆ䝩䞊䝇䜢⎼䛻↓⌮䜔䜚ᢲ䛧㎸䜐䛾䛸䜋䜌ྠ䛨ຠᯝ䛜䛒䜛䚹ᘬ䛟䛸䛝䛻䚸≉䛻ᓊቨ䛜₻ὶ䜢⊃䜑䜛䛛䚸䜎䛯䛿ᙉ㢼䛜䬲䜛᫬䛻₻䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䚸䝧䜲䝬䝒䜢ᘬ䛝㎸䜣䛰䜚䚸㧗䛥 12 䝣䜱䞊䝖䛾Ὕ❍ෆ䛷‪䛝ୖ䛜䛳䛯䜚䛩䜛䛣䛸䜒䛒䜛䛃䛸ㄝ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛28䚹
4. ⡿ᅜ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥᕞࡢ Deception Pass
ᆅᅗ

఩⨨࡜ㄝ᫂
ࡇࡢሙᡤࡢ

₻ࡣࠊࣇ࢕ࢲࣝࢦᓥ

(Fidalgo  Island) ࡜ ࢘ ࢕ ࢵ ࣅ ࣮ ᓥ(Whidbey Island)ࡢ㛫࡛ぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ
ࡿࠋᓥྠኈࢆࡘ࡞࠸࡛࠸ࡿᶫࡣ 1935 ᖺ࡟᏶ᡂࡉࢀࡓࠋሙᡤࡣࠊࢪ࣮ࣙࢪ࣭ࣂࣥ
ࢡ࣮ࣂ࣮࡟ࡕ࡞ࢇ࡛ࠊࠕDeception Passࠖ࡜ྡ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊᙼࡀ 1792
ᖺ 6 ᭶࡟ࡇࡇ࡟᮶ࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠊỈ㊰ࡢᛶ㉁࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠕ䭳ࡉࢀࡓࠖ(deception)࡜ឤࡌ
ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ29ࠋṔྐⓗㄝ᫂㸸
ࢧࣜࢵࢩࣗ᪘ࡢ⚄ヰ࡟ṧࡿࡇࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᭱ࡶึᮇࡢ㈨ᩱ࡟ࡣࠊࠕDeception
Pass ࡟ࡣࠊ≾⊶࡞₻ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ࢘࢕ࢵࣅ࣮ᓥ࡜࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥᕞᮏᅵࡢ㛫ࡢ⊃࠸㝽㛫ࢆ₻ὶࡀᅇࡾ࡞ࡀࡽὶࢀࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ⏕≀ࡀࠊ὾࡛₻ᖸ⊁ࡾࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࢥࢡ࣮࣡ࣛࣝ࢘ࢺ(Kokwalalwoot)࡜࠸࠺ⱝ࠸ዪᛶ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡋ࡞ࡸ࠿࡛㨩ຊⓗ࡞ồ፧⪅࡜ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡓࠋ ᙼዪࡣࡑࡢồ፧⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ỉ࡟ᘬࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࠊࡑࡢồ፧⪅࡜୍⥴࡟ᬽࡽࡍࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ30ࠋࡑࡢᚋᙼዪࡣࠕ⯟⾜᥼ຓࡢᐃ␒࡜࡞ࡾࠊ࢝ࢾ࣮ࡢ₈ࡂᡭࡀᏳ඲࡟⃭ὶ࡜− 108 −

ᕳࡁࡢ㛫ࢆᢤࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟᱌ෆࡍ

ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠖ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 31ࠋ 1886 ᖺⓎ⾜ࡢࡇࡢỈ㊰࡟㛵ࡍࡿヲ⣽࡞ㄝ᫂࡟ࡣࠊ
࠶ࡿ㒊ศ࡟ࠕỈ࡟ᜨࡲࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀࠊ

ࡀᙉ࠸ࡢࡀ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿᾏᕊࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚ࠕ㹙ᾏỈ㠃㹛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㐪࠸ࡣࠊDeception Pass ࡟⪃࠼࠸ࡿ32ࠋ1884 ᖺ࡟ฟ∧ࡢูࡢ᭩⡠࡟ࡣࠊࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡯࡝ࡢ㏿ࡉࡢὶࢀࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍࠋ≉ᐃࡢ₻ὶࡢሙྜ࡟㝈ࡾࠊ⯪⯧ࢆၥࢃࡎᏳ඲࡟
ࡇࡢỈ㊰ࢆ㏻㐣࡛ࡁࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࡀゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ33 1889 ᖺ࡟ࠗSmalley`s Magazine࠘࡟࡚බ⾲ࡉࢀࡓグ஦࡟ࡣࠊ1858 ᖺ࡟ࡑࡢỈ㊰ࢆ㏻㐣ࡋࡓ⪅ࡢ㐓ヰࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢグ஦࡟ࡣࠊ୍⩌ࡢேࠎࡀࠕኪ࡟㞵࡜㟝ࡢ୰ࢆฟⓎࡋࡓࠋᡃࠎࡣࡑࡢỈ㊰ࢆぢኻ࠸ࠊࡑࡢỈ㊰࡟ධࡿ๓࡟ᒾ࡟⾪✺ࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋࡦ࡝࠸┠࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㢼ࡀᕳࡁࡢࡼ࠺࡟྿ࡁⲨࢀࠊ₻ὶࡀ₻ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ὶࢀ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣ୍✀ࡢኊ኱࡞࠺࡞ࡾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ34ࠋ
1892 ࡟ᥦฟࡉࢀࡓሗ࿌ࡶࠊࡇࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࡢ༴㝤ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ㸸ࠕDeception Pass ࡛ࡣࠊࡣࡿ࠿࡟኱ࡁ࡞༴㝤࡟ฟࡃࢃࡍ…₻ὶࡀ◳࠸ᒾࡢቨࡢ㛫࡟୙ព࡟㛢ࡌ㎸ࡵࡽࢀࠊᕧ኱࡞

₻࡜

ᕳࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࡿࠋ…⯪⯧ࡀ₻࡟✺ධࡋ㐍㊰ኚ᭦ࢆࡍࡿሙ

ྜࠊ᭱ࡶᶵᩄ࡞⾜ື࡛ࡋ࠿኱᝺஦ࢆ㜵ࡆ࡞࠸ࠖ35ࠋ1919 ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾜ࡉࢀࡓ㞧ㄅࠗTravel࠘࡟ࡣࠊࠕࢪ࣮ࣙࢪ࣭ࣂࣥࢡ࣮ࣂ࣮ࡣࠊ1 ᪥ࡢ≉ᐃࡢ᫬㛫࡟₻ὶࡀ⊃࠸ᓊࡢ㛫ࢆ≬ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟⃭ࡋࡃὶࢀࠊ኱ࡁ࡞Ἴࡀୖ࠿ࡽᢲࡋᐤࡏࠊධࡾཱྀ࡛ᗄ㔜࡟ࡶ㔜࡞ࡿࡇࡢ⊃࠸Ỉ㊰ࡢྡ௜ࡅぶ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㛤࠸ࡓ

ືࢆక࠺኱ࡁ࡞

ࡉࢀࡓྛ✀ࡢᮏࡶࠊࡇࡢሙᡤࡢ

ᕳࡀࢢࣝࢢࣝ࡜ᅇࡿࠖ36 ࠋ1930 ᖺ௦࡜ 1940 ᖺ௦࡟බ⾲₻࡜ᙉຊ࡞ᕳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

5. ࢝ࢼࢲᅜ࢜ࣥࢱࣜ࢜ᕞࡢ Niagara whirlpool㸸ᆅᅗ఩⨨࠾ࡼࡧㄝ᫂
䜹䝘䝎䛸⡿ᅜ䛾ቃ⏺䛻ἢ䛳䛯䝘䜲䜰䜺䝷ᕝ䛾䝘䜲䜰䜺䝷⁪䛛䜙ୗὶ⣙ 5 䜻䝻䝯䞊䝖䝹䛻ᆅⅬ䛻఩⨨䛩䜛䚹䝘䜲䜰䜺䝷᩿ᓴ䛾ᾐ㣗䛻䜘䛳䛶ᙧᡂ䛥䜜䛯䚹₻䛿䚸཯᫬ィᅇ䜚䛻⮬↛䛻ᅇ㌿䛩䜛 37 䚹Whirlpool㻌
Aero Car (䜿䞊䝤䝹䜹䞊䛾䜘䛖䛺䛾஌䜚≀)䛿䚸1916 ᖺ䛻㐠㌿䜢㛤ጞ䛧䚸஌ᐈ䜢₻䛾ୖ䛻㐃䜜䛶⾜䛟䚹䠷ཧ↷䠖1925 ᖺ䛾᪂⪺グ஦෗┿䠹38− 109 −

᪂⪺グ஦㸦1925 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 27 ᪥㸧㸦᪂⪺ྡ୙᫂㸧䛂䝘䜲䜰䜺䝷⁪䚸䝙䝳䞊䝶䞊䜽䠖䝘䜲䜰䜺䝷䛾⁪䛾Ⲩ䜜≬䛖Ỉ䛾ୖ䜢ᶓษ䜛䚸໭䜰䝯䝸䜹၏୍䛾ほග⏝✵୰㊰⥺䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛣䛷䛿䚸⁪䛛䜙Ỉ䛜ᢲ䛧ᐤ䛫䚸 ┤ゅ䛻᭤䛜䜚䝘䜲䜰䜺䝷ᕝ䜈䛸ὶ䜜㎸䜏 䚸༴㝤䛺䜢ᙧᡂ䛧䚸200 䝣䜱䞊䝖䠄⣙

61 m䠅䛾῝䛥䜎䛷䜢ᕳ䛟䚹䛣䛾䜿䞊䝤䝹䜹䞊䛿 260 䝣䜱䞊䝖 䠄⣙ 79 m䠅䛾㧗䛥䛷䛣䛾䝇䝫䝑
䝖䜢㏻㐣䛩䜛䚹ᐃဨ䛿 60 ྡ…ẖᖺ 5 ୓ே䜢㉸䛘䜛ே䚻䛜 Ᏻ඲䛻䛣䛾䛾ୖ䜢Ώ䛳䛶䛿ᡠ䛳䛶᮶䜛䛃Ṕྐⓗㄝ᫂:
1827 ᖺ䚸䝣䝺䝑䝗㻌 䝣䜱䝑䝒䝆䜵䝷䝹䝗㻌 䝕䜱䝹䝇(Fred Fitzgerald De Roos)୰ᑚ䛜䚸䛣䛾₻䜢ゼၥ䛧䛯䚹ᙼ䛸䛭䛾᪑⾜௰㛫䛜฿╔䛧䛯᫬䛻䚸 䛂300 䝣䜱䞊䝖䛾㧗䛥䛛䜙ᜍ䜝䛧䛟῝䛔๭䜜┠䜢な䛝㎸䜣䛰䚹䛭䛣䛿ᕝ䛜 ῝䛔῱㇂䜢㏻䛳䛶┿䛳㏫䛥䜎䛻ⴠ䛱㎸䜏䚸㠀ᖖ䛻኱䛝䛺⼺᪕≧䛻ᅇ㌿䛧䛺䛜䜙ὶ䜜䜛… 䜒䛾䛩䛤䛔㡢䛰䚹⮬↛⏺䛻䛿䛣䛾ගᬒ䜋䛹෶䜎䛨䛔䜒䛾䛿䛺䛔…䚹ᕧ኱䛺ᮌ䛾ᖿ䛜⤯䛘㛫䛺䛟┠䛜䛟䜙䜐䜘䛖䛺ື䛾୰䛷ᾋ䛔䛯䜚ỿ䜣䛰䜚䛧䛶䚸ᕳ䛻ⱞ䛧䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䛛䛾

䜘䛖䛻㌟᝖䛘䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛜ぢ䛘䛯䛃39䚹ᩘᖺᚋ䚸䜴䜱䝸䜰䝮䞉䝤䝷䝑䜽䜴䝑䝗(William Blackwood)䚸䝘
䜲䜰䜺䝷䛷 1 㐌㛫䜢㐣䛤䛧䚸䛒䜛᪥ ₻䛻⾜䛳䛯䚹ᙼ䛿䚸䛂Ỉ䛜䚸⼥ゎ䛧䛯ᑟ⥺䛾䜘䛖䛻ぢ䛘䜛䛧䚸㏆䛟䛻䛔䜛ே䚻䛜䚸䛣䛾ື䛾ᕳ䛛䜙䛿⏕䛝≀䛿ఱ䜒㏨䛢䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛺䛔䛸᩿ゝ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䝪䞊䝖䛥䛘䜒྾䛔㎸䜎䜜䛶䛧䜎䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛䛧䚸䛭䛖䛺䜜䜀ᓊ䛛䜙ຓ䛡䜛䛣䛸䛺䛹䛷䛝䛺䛔䚹䝪䞊䝖䛿㌿そ䛧䚸ே䚻䛿䬩䜜䜛䛛䚸䬩䜜䛺䛔䛻䛧䛶䜒䚸ᜍ䜙䛟䛿 2 㐌㛫䚸ὶ䜜䛸䛸䜒䛻᪕ᅇ䛧⥆䛡䚸ே䚻䛿㣚䛘䛶䛧䜎䛖䛃䛸㏙䜉䛯40䚹1 ᖺᚋ䚸௚䛻䜒₻䛜ዴఱ䛻༴㝤䛷䛒䜛䛛䜢ゝཬ䛩䜛䜒䛾䜒䛔䛯䛜䚸䛭䛣䛻⾜䛟䛣䛸䜢᥎ዡ䛧䛶䛔䛯䚹౛䛘䜀䚸䛂₻䜢ゼၥ䛧䛺䛔䛺䜣䛶䛣䛸䛿⪃䛘䜙䜜䛺䛔䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸ዲወᚰ䜢䛭䛭䜛䛧䚸⯆࿡῝䛔⌧㇟䛰…䝇䝟䜲䜾䝷䝇䛷䚸Ỵ䛧䛶⤊䜟䜛䛣䛸䛾䛺䛔ື䛾୰䛷᪕ᅇ䛧䛶䛔䜛ᕧ኱䛺୸ኴ䜢ほ䛶䛤䜙䜣䚹䛭䛾ᵝᏊ䛸ື䛝䛻㦫䛟䛣䛸䛰䜝䛖…䛃䛸ゝ䛳䛯ලྜ䛰41䚹䝡䝆䝍䞊䛾୰䛻䛿䚸䛂䝜䝹䜴䜵䞊䛾኱䛝䛺 MaelstromỈ῝䜢₻䛷䛥䛘䚸䝘䜲䜰䜺䝷䜘䜚䛿༴㝤䛷䛺䛔䚹ື䜢Ώ䛳䛯ே䚸䛳䛯ே䛿ㄡ䜒䛔䛺䛔䛃 䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䜢ಙ䛨䛶䛔䜛⪅䛥䛘䜒䛔䛯 42䚹1855 ᖺⓎ⾜䛾䜺䜲䝗䝤䝑䜽

䛄The Niagara Falls䛅䛿䚸ḟ䛾䜘䛖䛻ㄝ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛䠖− 110 −

䛂…

₻䛿䚸⁪䛛䜙⣙ 3 䝬䜲䝹㞳䜜䛯䛸䛣䜝䛻䛒䜚…䛹䜣䛺⏕≀䜒Ⲩ䜜≬䛖ⷧ₻䛸᱁㜚䛩䜛䛣

䛸䛿୙ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䚹䛭䛣䛻฿㐩䛧䛶ⴠ䛱䜛䜒䛾䛩䜉䛶䛻䚸㛫㐪䛔䛺䛟◚ቯ䛜ᚅ䛱ཷ䛡䛶䛔䜛…
䜹䝘䝎ഃ䛾ᓴ䛛䜙䛾᪉䛜䚸₻䛜䜘䛟ぢ䛘䜛䚹⁪䛸␗䛺䜚䚸₻䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ṇẼ䜢ಖ䛴⾡䛿䛺䛔䚹䜐䛧䜝䚸䛭䛾෶䜎䛨䛔⊛ጾ䛻䜘䛳䛶⏽ᛧ䛾ᛕ䜢ᢪ䛝䚸⾪ᧁ䜢ཷ䛡䜛䛃43䚹
࡜ࡇࢁࡀࠊ⣙ 30 ᖺᚋ࡟ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ⌧㇟ࡀᮏᙜ࡟

₻࡛࠶ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿␲࠺⪅ࡀ⌧ࢀࡿࠋࠕ…

₻ࡣࠊࡑࡢᕝࡢ᭱ࡶ⯆࿡῝ࡃ㨩ຊⓗ࡞㒊ศࡢ 1 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ…
࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿỈẕయࡣࡴࡋࢁ኱ࡁ࡞

₻࡜࠸࠺ྡ⛠ࡣṇ☜࡜ࡣゝᕳ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ᑠࡉ࡞

₻ࡀᖖ

࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡣᾘᩓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ 44ࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊࡇࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࡣࡑࡢᆅᇦ
࡟⾜ࡃ᮶ゼ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ௒᪥࡛ࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟ேẼࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

6. ࢝ࢼࢲᅜࡢࢽ࣮ࣗࣈࣛࣥࢬ࢘࢕ࢵࢡᕞࡢ Old Sow Whirlpool఩⨨࠾ࡼࡧㄝ᫂ᆅᅗす༙⌫࡛᭱኱࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

₻ࠋࢽ࣮ࣗࣈࣛࣥࢬ࢘࢕ࢵࢡᕞ࡜࣓࢖ࣥᕞࡢ㛫࡟࠶ࡿᆅᇦࡢࢹ࢕࢔ᓥ(Deer Island)࡜࣒࣮ࢫᓥ(Moose
Island)ࡢᾏᓊࡢ㛫࡟࠶ࡿ45ࠋ
ࠕSow㸦㞤㇜㸧ࠖ(ࢯ࢘)ࡣࠊࠕsuffࠖ(ࢧ࣮ࣇ)࡜Ⓨ㡢ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ
࡛ࠊ
ࠕOld Soughࠖ࡜⾲グࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋSoughࡣࠊ᤼Ỉ⁁ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ୍᪉ࠊ㇜ࡀⓎࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊỈ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚సࡾฟࡉࢀࡿ⊂≉ࡢ྾ᘬ㡢ࡶ
ព࿡ࡍࡿ46ࠋࠕࡑࡢ௚ࡢࡼࡾᑠつᶍࡢ௜㏆ࡢ₻ࡣࠕpiglet㸦Ꮚ㇜㸧ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ47ࠋṔྐⓗㄝ᫂㸸
ࡇࡢ₻࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᝟ሗࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞࠸ࠋ᭱ࡶึᮇࡢཧ⪃㈨ᩱࡣࠊ1930 ᖺ௦ࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ

ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟グ㏙ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸹 Ṛࡀࡑࡇ࡟ࡣᚅࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ࠕࡇࢀࡽࡢ⿣ࡅࡿ₻ὶࡀ≉ᐃࡢࣞࠕࢫ࣋ࣝ࡟㐩ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ࠾஫࠸࡟ࡇࡍࡾྜࡗ࡚ࠊ࣮࢜ࣝࢻ࣭ࢯ࣮࢘࣡ࣝࣉ࣮ࣝࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࠖ48ࠊ
ࢡ࣮ࢼ࣮⯪ࢆ㣧ࡳ㎸ࡴ࡯࡝ࡢ༑ศ࡞ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖ49ࠋ1941 ᖺⓎ⾜ࡢࠗBoy's Life࠘࡟ࡣࠊࠕࣇ− 111 −

࢓ࣥࢹ࢕‴ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞₻ὶࡣ 3 ࡘࡢὶࢀ࡟ศ⿣ࡍࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓศ⿣ࡍࡿ₻ὶࡀ≉ᐃࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ
࡟㐩ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ᧿ࢀྜࡗ࡚ࠊ࣮࢜ࣝࢻ࣭ࢯ࣮࢘࣡ࣝࣉ࣮ࣝࡀⓎ⏕ࠖࡋࠊⴭ⪅࡟ࡣᝏ࠸༳㇟ࡀ
࠶ࡿ࡜ࠊ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ50ᩘᖺᚋ࡟ࠊูࡢ㞧ㄅ࡟ࡣࠊ࣮࢜ࣝࢻ࣭ࢯ࢘ࡣୡ⏺᭱኱ࡢ₻࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢᆅᇦ࡛኱ࡁ࡞㨩ຊ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ51ࠋ
7. ࢝ࢼࢲᅜࣀࣂࢫࢥࢩ࢔ᕞࡢ Doctor`s Cove㸸
఩⨨࡜ㄝ᫂

ᆅᅗ

࢝ࢼࢲᅜࣀࣂࢫࢥࢩ࢔ᕞࡢす➃࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿࠋᄇỈᏍ࡜ᙉ࠸₻ὶ࡜⤌ྜࢃࡉࡗ࡚ maelstrom ࡀࡇࡇ࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ52ࠋ

ࡇࡢ㈨ᩱ௨እ࡟ࠊࡇࡢᆅࡢ

₻࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ maelstrom ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡑࡢ௚ࡢ᝟ሗࢆࡳࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜

ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
Ḣᕞ
8. ࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡᅜࡢ Faroe Island
఩⨨࡜ㄝ᫂

ᆅᅗ

ࣇ࢙࣮ࣟᓥ(Faroe Island)ࡣࠊࢹࣥ
࣐࣮ࢡᅜࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࢔࢖ࢫࣛ
ࣥࢻ࡜ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻࡢ㛫࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࡣࠊఱⓒᖺࡶࡢ㛫ࠊᩥⱁసရ࡟᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᆅ
ᅗ࡞࡝࡟ࡶᥥ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

− 112 −

Ṕྐⓗㄝ᫂㸸ᆅᅗ(1747 ᖺ)ㄝ᫂*ྑഃ୰ኸࡢᆅᅗࡣࠊࢫࣥࢹࣟᓥ
(Sundero Island)༡㒊ࡢ₻ࢆ♧ࡍࠋᣑ኱⏬ീࡶᆅᅗヲ⣽ཧ⪃⏝࡟ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋ࢙࢘ࣈࢧ࢖ࢺࡢ࢟ࣕࣉ
ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡣࠊࡇ࠺グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸸ࠕࣇ࢙࣮ࣟㅖᓥࡣࠊࣇ࢙࣮ࣟㅖᓥ
ࡣࠊྲྀࡾᅖࢇ࡛࠸ࡿὶࢀࡸ₻࡟ࡼࡾỈኵ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ྂࡃ࠿ࡽ༴㝤࡞ሙᡤ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢᙉຊ࡞

₻ࡣࠊ࣐ࢿࢵࢡ(Monek)࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿษࡾ
❧ࡗࡓᒾࡢ㡬ୖࡢ࿘ᅖࢆᅇࡗ࡚࠸
ࡓࠋࡇࡢ Monek ࡣࠊ୍᪉࠿ࡽࡣಟ
㐨ኈ(monk)࡟ࠊࡶ࠺୍᪉࠿ࡽࡣᕹ
⯪࡟ఝ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋሗ
࿌࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊࡇࡢ

₻ࡢ┤ᚄࡣ 1࣐࢖ࣝࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡓࠖ53ࠋከᩘࡢ࣎
࣮ࢺ࡜ఱⓒࡶࡢ⏕࿨ࡀࠊୡ⏺࡛᭱኱ࡢ₻࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡢሙᡤ࡛ኻࢃࢀ

ࡓ࡜ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ54ࠋ

ᣑ኱− 113 −

1784 ᖺ㸸ࠗIceland Whirlpool Bowes࠘ࡣࠊ1747 ᖺⓎ⾜ࡢᆅᅗ࡜ྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡇࡢ₻ࡶࠊ」ᩘࡢ᭩⡠࡟グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1755 ᖺฟ∧ࡢ᭩⡠ࡢ୍ࡘ࡟ࡣࠊࣇ࢙࣮ࣟ࡟ࡣ

3 ࡘࡢ₻ࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶ༴㝤࡞ࡶࡢ 1 ࡘࡀࢫࣥࢹࣟᓥ༡㒊ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇ࠺

ࡋࡓࠕ₻ࡣࠊ୪እࢀ࡚῝࠸✰ࡸᆅୗࡢ✵Ὕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣⓎ⏕ࡏࡎࠊᘬࡁ₻ࡢ᫬㛫࡟ᾏỈࡀ⃭ࡋࡃᘬࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ55ࠋ50 ᖺᚋࠊูࡢ᭩⡠࡟ࡶࠊྠࡌࡇ࡜ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸸ࠕࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡᅜࡢࣇ࢙࣮ࣟࡢᓥࠎ࡛⏕ࡌࡿ₻࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ධᡭࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሗ࿌࡟ࡼ

ࢀࡤ…ࢫࣥࢹࣟ༡㒊ࡢ Mon ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᒾ௜㏆ࡢࡶࡢࡀࠊ᭱ࡶ༴㝤࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ」ᩘࡢ
⯪⯧ࡀ㣧ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡓࠖ56ࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ1846 ᖺฟ∧ࡢᏊ౪ྥࡅࡢᆅ⌮᭩ᩍ⛉᭩ࡢᩍဨᣦᑟḍ࡟ࡣࠊࠕࣇ࢙࣮ࣟㅖᓥ࡜ࣟࣇ࢛࣮ࢸࣥ(Lofoten)ㅖᓥ࡜ࡑࡇ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ Malstrom (㸻maelstrom)࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠋMalstrom ࡣᾏࡢᜍࢁࡋ࠸
⢊ࠎ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࢡࢪࣛࡶࡑࡢ

₻࡛࠶ࡾࠊᑠࡉ࡞⯪⯧ࢆ㣧ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛

ື࡟ᘬࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ57ࠋ௨ୗ

࡟ࡑࡢᮏࡢ࠶ࡿ࣮࣌ࢪࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿ㸸− 114 −

᫇ࠊࡇࡢᆅࡢ

₻ࡣࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟༴㝤࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ1884 ᖺ࡟ Monek ࡢ୍㒊ࡀ₻࡟ᔂࢀ㎸ࢇࡔࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ

₻ࡀᾘኻࡋࡓࠋ

9. ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻࡢ Gulf of Corryvreckan㸸
ᆅᅗ

఩⨨࡜ㄝ᫂
ࢥ࣮ࣜࣈࣞࢵ࢝ࣥ(Corryvreckan)ࡣࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛ
ࣥࢻࡢࢥ࣮ࣜࣈࣞࢵ࢝ࣥ‴ࡢ໭ഃ࡟࠶ࡿ࢔࣮࢞
࢖࣭ࣝࣅ࣮ࣗࢺᆅᇦࡢࢪࣗࣛᓥ(Jura Island)࡜ࢫ
࢝ࣝࣂᓥ(Scarba Island)ࡢ㛫ࡢ⊃࠸ᾏᓙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ୡ⏺࡛ 3 ␒┠࡟኱ࡁ࡞ࡢ₻࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢼ࢖࢔࢞ࣛ

₻࡜ྠᵝࠊࡇࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ࡛ࡣࣅࢪࢱ࣮ྥࡅ

ࡢࢶ࢔࣮ࡶ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ཧ↷㸸ࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵ
ࢺࡢ෗┿㸧ࠋ

− 115 −

ࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺ⾲⿬ࣃࣥࣇࣞࢵࢺࡢㄝ᫂㸫ࠕࢢࣞࢵࢢࢽࢵࢩࣗ†(Loch Craignish)ࢆฟⓎࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ⯪⯧ࡣࢫ࢝ࣝࣂᓥ࡜ࢪࣗࣛᓥࡢ㛫ࡢ᭷ྡ࡞ࢥ࣮ࣜࣈࣞࢵ࢝ࣥ‴࡟ྥࡅ࡚すഃ࡟ྥ࠿࠺ࠋ

₻ࡢ

ᕳࡣࠊ

₻ࡢ≧ែ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚┦ᙜኚ໬ࡍࡿࠖ
Ṕྐⓗㄝ᫂㸸
ࡇࡢ₻࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᭱ࡶึᮇࡢሗ࿌ࡢ 1 ࡘࡀࠊ1841 ᖺ࡟බ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ࢘࢕ࣜ࢔࣒࣭ࢫࢺ࣮

ࣥ(William L. Stone)ࡢⴭ㏙࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕ⚾ࡣࡇࡢືࡢ㡢ࢆఱ࣮ࣜࢢ㸦㛗ࡉࡢ༢఩㸧ࡶ㞳ࢀࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛኱႐ࡧࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡋࡤࡋࡤ⪺࠸࡚ࡁࡓࠋኳẼࡀ✜ࡸ࠿࡛ࠊ⨾ࡋ࠸ᾏᓊ࡛ࡣ㞄᥋ࡍࡿᾏᇦ࠿ࡽࡢ㡢ࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝⪺ࡇ࠼࡞࠸࡜ࡁࠊ

ືࡢ㡢ࡣ↓ᩘࡢᅄ㍯㤿㌴࠿ࡽⓎࡏࡽࢀࡿ㡢࡟ఝ࡚࠾ࡾࠊኊ኱࡛⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸ຠᯝࢆ㔊ࡋฟࡍࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ58ࠋ5 ᖺᚋࠊࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࢚
ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫ(Charlotte Elizabeth)ࡣࠊࡇࡢ

₻ࡣࠕ⥅⥆ࡍࡿ

ᕳࢆసࡾฟࡍᾏᗏ࠿ࡽ၈✺࡟㣕ࡧฟࡿ෇㗹≧ࡢᒾ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢỈࡣ▷ࡃ࡚㔜࠸Ἴ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚㝯㉳ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ
࣮࣎ࢺ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊࡉࡽ࡟⏥ᯈࡢ࠶ࡿ኱ࡁ࡞⯪࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟༴㝤࡛࠶ࡿ59ࠋ1864 ᖺࠊࠗA
Visit to the Corryvreckan࠘ࡢⴭ⪅ࡣࠊேࠎࡣࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢ

₻ࡢ࢚ࢻ࣮࣭࢞࢔࣭࣏࣮ࣛࣥ

(1809-1849)࡟ࡼࡿ≀ㄒ࡞࡝ࡢࡼ࠺ࡔ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᜍࢁࡋࡃⲨࢀ≬࠺₻࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ఏ࠼⪺࠸࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢሙᡤࡣࠕἼࡀ✜ࡸ࠿࡞࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣࠊࡇࡢᾏࡣ‴ࡢ௚ሙᡤ࡜ኚࢃࡾ࡞࠸࡯࡝㟼࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡑ࠿ࡽ᮶ࡓேࡣࢥ࣮ࣜࣈࣞࢵ࢝ࣥࢆゼࢀࡓࡽࡀࡗ࠿ࡾࡍࡿ౛ࡀከ࠸࡜ಙࡌࡿࠖ

− 116 −

࡜᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿ60ࠋ1879 ᖺ࡟ࠊ௚ࡢࣅࢪࢱ࣮ࡀࡇࡢሙᡤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚グࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸸ࠕⲨኳ࡛ࠊ₻ὶࡀỈ㊰ࢆᛴ⃭࡟ὶࢀࡿ࡜ࡁࡣࠊ࠸ࡘࡶࡢ

₻ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࠊࡑࡇࢆ㏻㐣ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ⯪⯧ࢆ◚ቯࡋࡓࡶࡢࡔ…ᒾࡢከ࠸ᾏᓊ࡟ᡴࡕ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿགྷ௓࡞Ἴࡢ㎘㡢ࡣࠊ㐲ࡃࠊᗈ⠊ᅖ࡟⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿࠖ61ࠋ8 ᭶୰᪪࡟ࠊసᐙ࡛࠶ࡿࢪ࣮ࣙࢪ࣭࣮࢙࢜࢘ࣝ(George Orwell 1903-1950)ࡣࠊࢥࣜ
࣮ࣈࣞࢵ࢝ࣥ

₻࡛䬩ࢀ࠿࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ62ࠋ

10. ࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻࡢ Pentland Firth㸸ᆅᅗ఩⨨࠾ࡼࡧㄝ᫂
࣌ࣥࢺࣛࣥࢻᾏᓙ(Pentland Firth)ࡣࠊ࢖ࣥ
ࢢࣛࣥࢻ࠾ࡼࡧࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻࡢ࣮࢜ࢡ࣮ࣜㅖᓥ(Oakley Islands)ࡢ㛫࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿࠋᾏᓙࡢ༴㝤ࡉࡣࠊఱୡ⣖ࡶࡢ㛫ࠊసᐙࡽ࡟ᙉ
࠸༳㇟ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡁࡓࠋ1380 ᖺࠊJohn ofFordun(d.1384)ࡣࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻࡣ໭㒊ࢆ࣌ࣥࢺࣛࣥࢻᾏᓙ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᅖࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ࠕࡑࡇ࡛ࡣᜍࢁࡋࡃ༴㝤࡞₻ࡀ 1 ᫬㛫ࡈ࡜࡟ᾏỈࢆᕳࡁ㎸ࡳࠊᄇࡁᡠࡍࠖࠋࣇ࢙ࢽ࢟࢔
ேࡢ᥈᳨ᐙࣆࣗࢸ࢔ࢫ(Pytheas)ࡣࠊ⣖ඖ๓
250 ᖺ㡭ࣈࣜࢸ࢕ࢵࢩࣗࢥ࣮ࢫࢺἢ࠸࡟⯟ᾏࡋࠊᕧ኱࡞኱ࡁࡉࡢἼࡀᢲࡋᐤࡏࡿ࢜ࣝ࢝
(Orca)࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿሙᡤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚グࡋࡓ63ࠋṔྐⓗㄝ᫂㸸
1716 ᖺฟ∧ࡢ࠶ࡿ᭩⡠࡟ࡣࠊࠕࡇࡢᾏᓙࡣࠊ᪩ࡃࠊ⃭ࡋࡃࠊṇ཯ᑐࡢ₻ὶࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡟
ὀ┠࡟್ࡍࡿࡀ…Ỉ㊰ࡀ⊃ࡃࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟㠀ᖖ࡟༴㝤࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ…ࠖ࡜グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ64ࠋ
ࡑࡢⓒᖺ௨ୖᚋ࡟ࠊࠗLondon General Gazetteer࡛࠘ࡣࠊ࣌ࣥࢺࣛࣥࢻᾏᓙ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕࡑࡇ
࡛ࡣ Wells of Swinna㸦ࢫ࢘࢕ࣥࢼࡢ஭ᡞ㸧࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡶࡢࡀ」ᩘ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ௚࡟ࡶ Fiftala
Islands (ࣇ࢕ࣇࢱࣛᓥ)ࡢ௜㏆࡟ࡶぢࡽࢀ…ࡑࡢᓥࡢ໭ഃ௜㏆࡟ࡣࠊSwalchie of Stroma ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㠀ᖖ࡟༴㝤࡞₻ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ༴㝤ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ኱ࡁ࡞༴㝤ࢆక࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊ࣌ࣥࢺࣛࣥࢻᾏᓙࢆΏࡾࠊ⯟ᾏࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡀ᭩࠿ࢀࡓ65ࠋูࡢ᭩⡠࡛− 117 −

ࡣࠊࠕmaelstrom ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ

₻ࡣࠊ໭ᾏཬࡧ኱すὒࡀฟ఍࠺ሙᡤ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡢ‴࡟࠶ࡿࡀࠊ

ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ’Rost’࡜ྠ⛬ᗘ࡟ᭀຊⓗ࡛༴㝤࡛࠶ࡾࠊྂ௦ࡼࡾ࣮࢜ࢡ࣮ࣜㅖᓥ࡜ࢩ࢙ࢺࣛࣥࢻ
࡟࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚᭷ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠖࠋ1853 ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊࠕ࣌ࣥࢺࣛࣥࢻᾏᓙࡣࠊࢫࢥࢵࢺࣛࣥࢻᾏ
ᇦࡢ୰࡛ࡶ᭱ࡶ༴㝤࡛࠶ࡿ…ࠖ࡜ࡉࢀ66ࠊࡑࡢᚋ 1884 ᖺ࡟ࠊࡇࡢሙᡤࡢ

₻ࡣࠊ
ࠕྂ௦ࢠࣜ

ࢩ࢔ࡢ ࢫ࢟ࣗ ࣛ࡜࢝ ࣜ ࣗࣈࢹ ࢕ࢫ࡜ ྠࡌࡃ ᜍ ࢁࡋ࠸ ࠖ࡜ゝ ࢃࢀࡓ 67 ࠋ ᩘᖺᚋࠊࠗThe
Encyclopaedia Britannica࠘㸦ࣈࣜࢱࢽ࢝ⓒ⛉஦඾㸧࡟ࡣࠊ₻ὶࡣࠊ⼥ゎࡋࡓ࢞ࣛࢫ࡟ఝ࡚࠾
ࡾࠊ㏫ὶ࡜஺ࢃࡾࠊᾏỈ࡜Ỉࡋࡪࡁࡢᰕ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚✵୰࡟㧗ࡃ㣕ࡧୖࡀࡿ…࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
68ࠋ

11. ࣇࣛࣥࢫᅜ Rance River㸸఩⨨࠾ࡼࡧㄝ᫂

ᆅᅗࣛࣥࢫᕝ(Rance River)ࡣࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫᅜࡢ໭す㒊࡟఩⨨ࡋࠊࢹ࢕ࢼ࣮ࣝ(Dinard)࡜ࢭࣥࢺ࣭࣐ࣟ
(Saint-Malo)ࡢ㛫࡟࠶ࡿ࢖ࢠࣜࢫ
ᾏᓙෆ࡟ὶࢀ㎸ࡴࠋࡇࡢᾏᓙ࡟
฿㐩ࡍࡿ๓࡟ࠊὶỈࡣࣛࣥࢫ₻ộⓎ㟁ᡤࡢ࠶ࡿ 750 m ࡢ㛗ࡉࡢࢲ࣒࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡏࡁṆࡵࡽࢀࡿ69ࠋᙉຊ࡞₻ࡣࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫᅜࣈࣝ

ࢱ࣮ࢽࣗᆅᇦࡢࢭࣥࢺ࣭࣐ࣟ௜㏆ࡢ₻ộⓎ㟁ᡤࡢࢱ࣮ࣅࣥࡢస
⏝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࣛࣥࢫᕝࡢ⥳ⰍࡢỈ㠃࡟⏕ࡌࡿ70ࠋࡇࡢሙᡤࡢ₻ࡣࠊ1966 ᖺ࡟᏶ᡂࡋࡓࢲ࣒࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ⮬↛࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿṔྐⓗཧ⪃㈨ᩱࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ

− 118 −

₻࡛

12. ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢ Saltstraumen:఩⨨࠾ࡼࡧㄝ᫂

ᆅᅗࢯࣝࢺࢫࢺ࣓ࣛࣥ(Saltstraumen)ࡣ⊃࠸ᾏᓙ࡛࠶ࡾࠊୡ⏺࡛ࡶ᭱ᙉࡢ₻ὶࡢ 1ࡘࡀὶࢀࡿࠋࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ᅜࢾ࣮ࣝࣛࣥ
┴ࡢ࣮࣎ࢻ࣮ᕷ࡟࠶ࡿ71ࠋࢯࣝࢺࢫࢺࣛ
࣓ࣥࡣࠊୡ⏺᭱኱ࡢ₻ࡢ⏕ᆅ࡛࠶ࡿ

ࠋ72

Ṕྐⓗㄝ᫂㸸
1822 ᖺ࡟ࠊ࣮࣎ࢻ࣮ᕷ࡬ࡢࣅࢪࢱ࣮ࡀࠊࢯࣝࢺࢫࢺ࣓ࣛࣥࢆࡐࡦぢ࡟⾜ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮࡗ
ࡓࡢ࡛ࠊࠕࡇࡢᑜᖖ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸

₻ࠊࡴࡋࢁ₻ࡀ㞟✚ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠊmaelstrom ࡢࡑࢀࡼࡾࡶ

ࡣࡿ࠿࡟㨩ຊⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⮬ศࡀಙࡌࡿሙᡤ࡬⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ…ࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣ Salten Strom ࡣࠊࡑࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㞟ࡵࡓ᝟ሗ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊmaelstrom ࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶࠊࡣࡿ࠿࡟⯆࿡῝ࡃ࠿ࡘⲮཝ࡞ගᬒ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࡔࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ᙼࡣࠊ
ࠕࡇࡢ୍ᖺ࡛ከࡃࡢ࣮࣎ࢺࡀࡇࡢỈ㊰࡛ኻࢃࢀࠊࡑࡢ୰࡟ࡓࡲࡓࡲ࠸ࡓேࠎࡢ࿨ࡶኻࢃࢀࡓ…ࢡࢪࣛࡶࡇࡢ‴ࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ከࡃࠊࡑࡢ᫬࡟ࡣỈὶࡢຊࡣ᭱኱࡟࡞ࡾࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓയࢆ㈇࠸ࠊ₻ࢆ྿ࡃ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣࠊᾏỈࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ࡶ⾑ࢆ྿ࡁฟࡍࡢ࡛ࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣṚࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ࠖ73࡜ࡶ௜ࡅຍ࠼ࡓࠋ1827 ᖺ࡟ࡣࠊࠕSalten (Saltenstrom)ࡢ᭷ྡ࡞ὶࢀࡣࠊmaelstrom ࡼࡾࡶᜍࢁࡋ࠸…ࠖ࡜ゝ࠺⪅ࡶ࠸ࡓ74ࠋ
1846 ᖺ࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓᮏ࡟ࡣࠊ
ࠕࡓࡔࡋࠊࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢᾏᓊ࡟࠶ࡿࢯࣝࢸࣥࣇ࢕ࣚࣝࢻ࡟ࡣࠊ
࠿࡞ࡾ༴㝤࡛◚ቯⓗ࡞₻ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊSalten Strom ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠋ…ࡇࡢ₻ࡢཎᅉࡣࠊ⊃࠸㒊ศࢆᛴ࠸࡛㏻㐣ࡍࡿᾏỈ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᫓࡟᭱ࡶ⃭ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ…ࡑࡢᨩ஘ຊࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁࡃࠊ㡢ࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ⁺ᖌࡽࡣࠊࡑࢀࡀ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢᑠᒇࢆᦂࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜␲ࢃ
࡞࠿ࡗࡓ…ࠋከࡃࡢ⁺ᖌࡓࡕࡀࠊ⯪ࡀࡑࡢὶࢀ࡟ᘬࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⾜᪉୙᫂࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠖ
ࠕࣇ࢕ࣚࣝ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ75ࠋ1858 ᖺ࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࡇࡢᆅᇦࡢ᪑⾜⪅⏝ࣁࣥࢻࣈࢵࢡ࡟ࡣࠊࢻ࡛ぢࡿ࡭ࡁࡶࡢࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞࠸ࡀࠊSalten Strom ࡜࠸࠺ࣇ࢕ࣚࣝࢻࡢ⊃࠸Ỉ㊰࡟࠶ࡿ₻ࡣู࡛ࠊ࣑ࢽ maelstrom ࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⊃ࡅࢀࡤࡑࢀࡔࡅ༴㝤࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚

− 119 −

࠸ࡿ 76 ࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ1890 ᖺ࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓ᭩⡠࡛ࡣࠊmaelstrom ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࣔࢫࢣࢫࢺ࣒ࣟ
(Moskenstrom)ࡢㄝ᫂ࡢᚋ࡛ࠊ
ࠕྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟༴㝤࡞ࡢࡀࠊࢯࣝࢸࣥࣇ࢕ࣚࣝࢻࡢධࡾཱྀ࡟࠶
ࡿ Saltstrom ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ኱㔞ࡢỈࡀࠊ⊃࠸㛤ཱྀ㒊ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᜍࢁࡋ࠸㏿ࡉ࡛ὀࡀࢀࡿࠖ
࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ77ࠋ1894 ᖺࡢࠗEncyclopedia Britannica࠘ࡢࠕ₻ࠖࡢ࢝ࢸࢦࣜ࡟ࡣࠊ
ࠕ᭱ࡶ≬ᭀ࡞₻ὶࡣࠊࢯࣝࢸࣥࣇ࢕ࣚࣝࢻࡢ₻ὶࡑࢀ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ…ࢯࣝࢺࢫࢺࣛ
࣓ࣥࡢྡ࡛▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ஘ὶ࡜࠾ࡧࡓࡔࡋ࠸ᩘࡢ

ືࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᜍࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜

᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ78ࠋ
13. ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ᅜࡢ Moskstraumen㸸఩⨨࠾ࡼࡧㄝ᫂

ᆅᅗࣔࢫࢣࢫࢺ࣒ࣟ(Moskstraumen)ࡣࠊࣀࣝ࢘
࢙࣮ࡢᾏᓊἈࡢࣟࣇ࢛࣮ࢸࣥㅖᓥࡢබᾏ࡛
⊂≉࡞௙⤌ࡳ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ₻࡛࠶ࡾࠊୡ⏺

࡛ 2 ␒┠࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ࢚ࢻ࣮࣭࢞࢔࣭࣏ࣛࣥ
࣮ࠊࢪ࣮࣭ࣦ࢙ࣗࣝࣝࢾࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ๽ឿḠ(Cixin Liu)࡟ࡼࡿ Maelstrom ࡢ⹫ᵓⓗ⾲⌧࡟ࡼࡾࠊᾏᗏ࡟㐩ࡍࡿᕧ኱࡞෇ᙧࡢ
ࡋ࡚グ㏙ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ79ࠋᩥⱁసရ
1539 ᖺ㸸࢜ࣛ࢘ࢫ࣭࣐ࢢࢾࢫ – ࠗCarta Marina࠘ 1539 ᖺࡢᆅᅗࡢᣑ኱㒊ศ“ᾏ࡟࠶ࡿ࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢᜍࢁࡋ࠸

₻.”− 120 −

ື࡜

1665 ᖺ㸸ࠗMundus subterraneus, quo

1678 ᖺ㸸ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ᅜ໭す㒊ᾏᓊࡢἈ

universae denique naturae divitiae࠘ࡣࠊ࢔ࢱ

ྜࠊMoskens ༡㒊ࡢ Maelstromࢼࢩ࢘ࢫ࣭࢟ࣝࣄ࣮ࣕࡀⴭࡋࡓ⛉Ꮫ᭩࡛࠶
ࡾࠊ1665 ᖺ࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸ࣀࣝ࢘
࢙࣮ࡢ maelstrom ࡞࡝ࡢᾏࡢ

₻ࡣࠊᾏ࠿ࡽ

Ỉࢆ྾࠸ୖࡆ࡚ᒣ࡟⏕࠼ࡿࣁࢮࣜࢯ࢘࡟ᡠࡍ
㏻㊰ࡢᆅୗࡢධࡾཱྀࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

1838 ᖺ㸸ࠗA Practical System of Modern

1840 ᖺ-ࠗThe Ladies`s Garland devoted

Geography: Or, A View of the Present State of

to literature, amusement andthe World࠘Robinson ⴭ, Pratt & Co.ฟ∧ࠊࢽ

instruction. ࠘Vol III. J. Van Court ⴭ,࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡࣇ࢕ࣛࢹࣝࣇ࢕࢔

− 121 −

1864 ᖺ㸸ࠗEdgard Poe et ses oeuvres࠘ (࢚ࢻ࣮࣭࢞࢔࣭࣏࣮ࣛࣥ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢసရ)ࠊࢪ࣮ࣗ
ࣦ࢙ࣝࣝࢾⴭ

Ṕྐⓗㄝ᫂㸸
1752 ᖺ࡟බ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ㈨ᩱࡣࠊࡇࡢ

₻ࡢ༴㝤࡟ࡘ࡚࠸㆙࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕIsle of Hitterh

࡟㏆࠸ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢᾏᓊ࡛ࡣ…㦫Ⴣࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿ࡘ༴㝤࡞₻ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊmaelstrom ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚

࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㏆࡙ࡁࡍࡂࡿ⯪ࡣᚲࡎỿἐࡍࡿࠖ80ࠋ 1755 ᖺ࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓูࡢ᭩⡠࡟ࡣࠊࡇࢀ࡟
ຍ࠼࡚ࠊࠕࡑࡢ⊛ጾ࡜㎘ࡁࡣࠊ኱⁪ࡢࡑࢀࡽࢆୖᅇࡾࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟㐲ࡃࡲ࡛⪺ࡇ࠼ࠊṆࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ࡶ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ81ࠋ1803 ᖺ࡜ 1823 ᖺ࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓᮏ࡟ࡶྠᵝࡢグ㏙ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽ
࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠕ⯪ࡀࡑࡢᘬຊࡢ⠊ᅖ࡟ධࡿ࡜ࠊ㣧ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㑊ࡅࡽࢀࡎࠊᾏᗏࡢᒾ࡟ࡪ
ࡘ࠿ࡗ࡚○ࡅᩓࡿ…ࢡࢪ࡛ࣛࡉ࠼ࠊࡑࡢὶࢀ࡟㏆௜ࡍࡂࡿ࡜ࠊࡑࡢጾຊ࡟ྲྀࡾᢲࡉ࠼ࡽࢀ

− 122 −

ࡿࠖ࡜ࡶ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ82ࠋ1830 ᖺ࡟ࠊࢪ࣭ࣙࣥࣁࣜࢫ(John Harris)ࡣࠊ
ࠕࡑࡢᾏᇦࡢၕࡾࡣࠊ
Ⲩኳࡢ୰࡛ࠊ5 ࣐࢖ࣝ(3 ࢟ࣟ)ඛ࡛ࡶ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿࡢࡔ㸟ࡲࡓࠊ⯪⯧ࡀࡑࡇ࠿ࡽࡣࡿ࠿࡟㐲ࡊ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊὶࢀࡀࡑࡢ⯪ࢆ⣲᪩ࡃᘬࡁࡎࡾࠊࡄࡿࡄࡿ࡜ᅇ㌿ࡉࡏࠊ᭱ᚋ࡟ࡣ⢊ࠎ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠖ࡜᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿ83ࠋ1845 ᖺ࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓูࡢᮏ࡟ࡣࠊ

₻ࡢᜍࢁࡋࡉ࡜⊛ጾࡀ෌ᗘ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ84ࠋ2 ᖺᚋࠊ࠶ࡿ᭩⡠࡟ࡣࠊࡇࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࡀࠕࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢ⮬↛࡟࠶ࡿ⌋ࡋ࠸≀ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ᭱ࡶ㦫ࡃ࡭ࡁࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ…ࡑࢀࡣࠊ࡜࡚ࡘࡶ࡞ࡃ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ቑ኱ࡋࠊ
᭱ࡶ㡢ࡀ኱ࡁ࡞኱⁪࡜ࡣẚ࡭≀࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㎘㡢ࢆ❧࡚ࡿࠖ࡜グ㏙ࡉࢀࡓ85ࠋࡇࡢ₻࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᭱ࡶ᭷ྡ࡞ཧ⪃㈨ᩱࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ 1841 ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࡓ ࢚ࢻ࣮࣭࢞࢔࣭࣏࣮ࣛࣥࡢࠗA
Descent into the Maelstrom࠘㸦࿴ヂ∧:࣓࢚ࠗࣝࢩࣗࢺ࢚࣒ࣞ࡟࿐ࡲࢀ࡚࠘㸧࡛ࠖ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᙼ
ࡣࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡢ᭩⡠࡜ྠࡌࡃࠊ
ࠕࡑࡢᙉⅯ࡞ᘬࡁ₻ࡢၕࡾࡣࠊ᭱ࡶ㡢ࡀ኱ࡁࡃࠊ᭱ࡶᜍࢁࡋ࠸
኱⁪࡜ྠࡌ࡜ゝࡗ࡚వࡾ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ㡢ࡣᩘ࣮ࣜࢢඛ࡛ࡶ⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿࠖ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ86ࠋᑦࡇࡢࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࡣ 1923 ᖺ࡟ࠗ20,000 Leagues Under the Sea࠘㸦࿴ヂ∧㸸ࠗᾏᗏ஧୓࣐࢖ࣝ࠘㸧࡛ࠖࢪ࣮࣭ࣗࣝ࣋ࣝࢾ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ゐࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸸ࠕᜍᛧ࡛ᐮẼࡀࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ࡜ࡁࠊ⯪ࡀ୍ᗘࡶฟ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࠊࣀࣝ࢘
࢙࣮Ἀࡢ࠶ࡢᜍࢁࡋ࠸

₻࡟ᘬࡁ㎸ࡲࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࠿㸽⚾ࡣࠊࣀ࣮ࢳࣛࢫྕࡀ

᭤ࡀࡾጞࡵ࡚࠿ࡽࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚࡞࠸⊃࠸ᕳࡁࡢ୰ࢆᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ឤࡌࡓࠋᜍࢀ࡜⃭ࡋ࠸ືࡁ࡛Ẽศࡀᝏࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ඲㌟࡟෭ࡸờࢆ࠿࠸ࡓ…ࠖ87ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣ࡟㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ1846 ᖺ࡟ࠊࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫ(Charlotte Elizabeth)ࡣࠊ
ࠕࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘Ἀࡢ maelstrom ࡣࠊࠕ࣓ࢵࢩ࣮ࢼᾏᓙࡢ

₻ࠖ࡜ྠᵝࡢ

₻࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ༴㝤ᛶࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㄂ᙇࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ…ࡇࡢᒾ࡜㐍㊰ࢆጉᐖࡍࡿ㐃࡞ࡗࡓᓥࡢ㛫ࢆ₻ࡀ‶ࡕᘬࡁࡍࡿ
ࡢ࡛ࠊᮏ₻ࡣ༢࡟ᾏࡢᛴ⃭࡞ὶࢀࡀཎᅉ࡛⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࠖ࡜グࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ88ࠋ₻࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿṔྐⓗཧ⪃㈨ᩱ࡜ⱁ⾡సရࡢᩘࡣᖜᗈ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ☜࠿࡟௒ᅇࡢ◊✲࡛ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ 20 ಶࡢࡶࡢࡢ୰࡛᭱ࡶከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ
㍑ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

− 123 −

₻ࢆࡼࡾヲ⣽࡟᳨ウࡋ࡚ࠊ㬆㛛ᾏᓙ࡜ẚ

14. ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ᅜࡢ Danube River㸸㸸ᆅᅗ఩⨨࠾ࡼࡧㄝ᫂
ࢻࢼ࢘ᕝ(Danube River)ࡣࠊḢᕞ࡛㸰␒┠࡟㛗࠸ᕝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰Ḣ࠿ࡽᮾḢ࡟
࠿ࡅ࡚…10 ࠿ᅜࢆ㏻㐣ࡋ࡚ὶࢀࡿ…ࠋ
₻ࡣࠊ࢘࢕࣮ࣥ࡜ࣈࢲ࣌ࢫࢺࡢ㛫࡟
ぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ⱁ⾡సရ㸸
1673 ᖺ㸸ࠗA Brief Account of Some Travels

1710㸸ࠗBohenehr Miniature After Merianin Hungaria, Servia, Bulgaria, Macedonia,`Der Strudel`࠘

Thessaly, Austria, Styria, Carintha,
Cariniola, and Fruili. ࠘Edward Brown ⴭ− 124 −

1840 ᖺ 㸸ࠗ The Strudel ࠘ (Grein, Werfenstei,

1845 ᖺ㸸 Payne's Universum, ࠗThe

Austria

DanubeWhirlpool-The Donaustrudel࠘

1883 ᖺ㸸DeColange, Leo. ࠗThe Heart of Europe
from the Rhine to the Danube࠘㸸 Estes andLauriat, Publishers)Ṕྐⓗㄝ᫂㸸
1673 ࡟ࠊࢻࢼ࢘ᕝ࡟ἢࡗࡓ⌧㇟ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠕ

₻ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ㄒࡀ౑⏝ࡉࢀ89ࠊ1710 ᖺࠊ

1840 ᖺࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ 1845 ᖺ࡟ࡣࢹ࣭ࢩࣗࢺ࣮ࣝࢹࣝ(De Strudel)ࡢ

₻ࡢ࢖ࣛࢫࢺࡀᥥ࠿ࢀࡓࠋ

1803 ᖺ࡟ࠊࢺ࣮࣐ࢫࢫ࣑ࢫ(Thomas Smith)ᖌࡣࠊࠕࢻࢼ࢘ࡢᨭὶࡢ 1 ࡘ࡛ࠊࣜࣥࢶ௜㏆ࡢ
ࠕSaw Russel㸦ࡢࡇࡂࡾࣛࢵࢭࣝ㸧ࠖࡲࡓࡣࠕSwine Snout㸦㇜ࡢ㰯㸧ࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡓᕝࡣࠊ༴

− 125 −

㝤࡞₻ࡢୖ࡟࠿࠿ࡿ✺ฟࡋࡓᒾࢆࡶࡌࡗ࡚ྡ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓࠋูࡢᨭὶࡣࠕDe Strudelࠖ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡓࡀࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡣỈࡀⴠୗࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࡶࡢࡍࡈ࠸㡢ࢆ❧࡚࡚࠸ࡿ90ࠋᩘᖺᚋࠊ࣋ࣝࢠ
࣮ࠊ࢜ࣛࣥࢲࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡢ࢞࢖ࢻࣈࢵࢡࡢ୍㒊࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢫ࣑ࢫᖌࡣࠊ
ࠕࢻࢼ࢘ࡢࡇࡢ㒊ศ࡟ࡣ
2 ࡘࡢ₻ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ኱ࡁ࡞࡯࠺ࡣࠊ୰ኸ࡟ 1 ࡘࡢᓥࢆᙧᡂࡍࡿ」ᩘࡢ㝤ࡋ࠸ᒾ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᘬ

ࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࠖࠊࡑࢀ࡯࡝༴㝤࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⯪ࡢ₈ࡂᡭࡣ♳ࡾࢆࡉࡉࡆࡿ࡜㏙࡭ࡓ91ࠋ1826 ᖺฟ∧ࡢ᭩⡠ࡣࠊࢻࢼ࢘ࢆ⯟⾜ࡋࠊᕝᖜࡀ⊃ࡲࡗࡓሙᡤ࡛ࡢ༴㝤࡞₻ࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࢆຓ

ࠕࢻࢼ࢘ࡢ⁪࡜ゝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ92ࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ1837 ᖺࡢูࡢ᮶ゼ⪅ࡣࠊ₻ࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ༴㝤࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ࠺ࢇࡊࡾࡍࡿ࡯࡝⪥࡟ࡋࡓࠋ…ᡃࠎࡣ࠺ࡡࡾ࡟ࡲࡗࡓࡃᙳ㡪ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊ
₻ࢆᚋ࡟ࡋࡓࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡓࡀࠊࠕせࡍࡿ࡟ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓሙᡤࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠊ࣮ࣔࢮࣝᕝ(Moselle)ࠊ
࣑࣮ࢬᕝ(Mease)ࠊ࣮ࣟࢾᕝ(Rhone)ࠊ࣮ࣟ࣡ࣝᕝ(Loireࠖࠊࣛ࢖ࣥᕝ(Rhine)ࡢከࡃࡢ㒊ศ࡯ࠕࢻࢼ࢘ࡢ࡝࡟ࡣ༴㝤࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠸…ࠖ࡜ࡶ㏙࡭ࡓ93ࠋ1840 ᖺ௦୰㡭ࡲ࡛ࠊ₻ࡣࠊ᪑⾜⪅

ࡀࣜࣥࢶ࠿ࡽ࢘࢕࣮ࣥ࡬ࡢ㞝኱࡞ὶࢀࢆୗࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ࠊࡑࡢ᪑⾜⪅࡟ぢ࠼ࡿ᭱ࡶ༳㇟ⓗ࡞ගᬒࡢ 1 ࡘࢆᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ…ࡇࡢ

₻ࡣ᭱ࡶ༴㝤࡞ᒾ࠿ࡽࡣࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡜࠸

࠺ࡢࡶࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᒾࡣⅆ⸆࡛྿ࡁ㣕ࡤࡉࢀࠊࡇࡢࡓࡵ࡟Ᏻ඲࡞㏻㊰ࡀᡭ࡟ධࡗࡓࠖ94ࠋࡑࡢ
ࡓࡵࠊ1853 ᖺ࡟᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢩࣗࢺ࣮ࣝࢹࣝࡣ࠿ࡘ࡚࡯࡝༴㝤࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾ95ࠊ
1892 ᖺ 9 ᭶Ⓨ⾜ࡢࠗThe Economist࠘࡟ࡣࠊࠕ୍᪉ࠊఱୡ⣖ࡶࡢ㛫ࣜࣥࢶ௜㏆ࡢ⯟⾜ࢆጉࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࢻࢼ࢘ୖὶࡢགྷ௓࡞

₻ࡣࠊࡘ࠸࡟᤼㝖ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ኱௙஦ࡣ᪤࡟⤊ࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ

ࡓࠋ…ఱᖺࡶ⤒ࡗࡓᚋࠊࡇࡢ

₻ࡣ࡜࠺࡜࠺◚ቯࡉࢀࡓࠖ…96࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ

ࡇࡢ₻ࡣ᏶඲࡟ᾘ⁛ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ

15. ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ᅜࡢ Strait of Messina㸸ᆅᅗ఩⨨࠾ࡼࡧㄝ᫂㸦 ࣓ ࢵ ࢩ ࣮ ࢼ ᾏ ᓙ 㸧 (Strait ofMessina)ࡣࠊࢩࢳࣜ࢔ᓥࡢᮾ➃㸦ࣇ࢓ࣟᓁ㸧࡜࢖ࢱࣜ࢔༡㒊ࡢ࢝ࣛࣈࣜ࢔ᕞࡢす➃ࡢ㛫࡟࠶ࡿ⊃࠸ᾏᓙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᾏᓙࡢ໭㒊࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ⮬↛࡞₻ࡣࠊࢠࣜࢩ࢔ࡢࢫ࢟

ࣗࣛ࡜࢝ࣜࣗࣈࢹ࢕ࢫࡢఏㄝ࡜㛵ࢃࡾࡀ࠶ࡿ97ࠋ

− 126 −

ⱁ⾡సရ㸸
1617 ᖺ㸸Braun ཬࡧ Hogenberg 〇సࡢ࣓1664 ᖺ㸸࢔ࢱࢼࢩ࢘ࢫ࣭࢟ࣝࣄ࣮ࣕⴭࠊ

ࢵࢩ࣮ࢼᾏᓙࡢ㫽ほᅗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊPieterࠗMundus Subterraneus࠘࡟཰㘓ࡢ࣓ࢵࢩ

Brueghel ࡀᥥ࠸ࡓᚋࠊG. Hoefnagel ࡀ⬮࣮ࢼᾏᓙࡢ㖡∧⏬

Ⰽࡋࡓࠋ

1720 ᖺ㸸BODENEHR, Gabriel స

1786㸸࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ࡢࢩࢳࣜ࢔ᓥ࡜࢝ࣛࣈࣜ࢔

(࣓ࢵࢩ࣮ࢼᾏᓙࡢ㫽ほᅗ)ᕞࡢ㛫ࡢ࣓ࢵࢩ࣮ࢼᾏᓙࡢ═ࡵࠋDesprez
࠾ࡼࡧ Dambrun సࠊࢼ࣏ࣜࡢ Voyage
Pittoresque de Naples et de Sicilie, J. C. R. deSaint Non, Impr. de Clousier ฟ∧− 127 −

1793 ᖺ㸸ࠗBritannia between Scylla and1846㸸ࠗPosthumous and Other Poems࠘ࢩ

Charybdis࠘James Gillary సࠊHannah࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫసࠊ(ࣟࣥࢻࣥࡢ

Humphrey ฟ∧Seeley, Burnside, and Seeley ฟ∧) 37Ṕྐⓗㄝ᫂㸸
1800 ᖺ௦ึᮇ௨㝆ࠊࠕ₻ࡢື࡟㣧ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡓࠖ⯪࡜ࠕ…⯪஌ࡾࡢດຊࡀ↓㥏࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠖࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢୖࠊ

₻ࡢ㡢ࡀࠕ䭱㣗ࢆồࡵࡿ㈎ḧ࡞᛹≀ࡢၕࡾ࡟౛࠼ࡽࢀࠖࠊ
ࠕࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᾏᓙࡀࠊ⯪஌ࡾࡀᣮࡴ᭱ࡶ༴㝤࡞ෑ㝤࡜ࡋ࡚㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠖ
98ࠋᩘᖺᚋ࡟ࠊูࡢᮏ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡣࠕୡ⏺࡛᭱ࡶ㦫␗ⓗ࡞⯟㊰࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ
ࠕ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࠖ

࡛ࡉ࠼ࠕࡑࡢⴭస࡛࠶ࡿ De Admirandis ࡢ➨ 125 ❶࡛ࡑࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㛗ࡃᜍࢁࡋ࠸ㄝ᫂ࠖࢆ
ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࠕ᫇ࡢ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔࡜ࢩࢳࣜ࢔ࡢリேࡢከࡃࡀⓙࡑࡢᜍࢁࡋࡉࢆཱྀ࡟ࡋࠊ㐲㊥㞳࠿ࡽ═ࡵࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᜍᛧࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡍࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࡀ᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ99ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊࠕ࣓࣍ࣟࢫࡣࠊ༴㝤࡛⚄⛎ⓗ࡞⯟ᾏࢆࡍࡿ࢜ࢹࣗࢵࢭ࢘ࢫࡢヰࢆࡋࠊࡑࡢᾏ࡛ᙼࡣࢫ࢟
ࣗࣛ࡜࢝ࣜࣗࣈࢹ࢕ࢫ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ 2 ༉ࡢ୙Ṛ㌟ࡢ⏕≀࡟ฟࡃࢃࡋࡓࠋᾏࡢ᛹≀࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ
࢝ࣜࣗࣈࢹ࢕ࢫࡣ࣓ࢵࢩ࣮ࢼᾏᓙ࡟ఫࡳࠊ௒ࡣ࢞ࣟࣇ࢓ࣟ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ1812
ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾜ࡉࢀࡓཧ⪃㈨ᩱ࡟ࡣࠊ
ࠕࡑࢀࡣ⯪஌ࡾࡓࡕ࡟ᜍᛧࢆࡦࡁ࠾ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ1783 ᖺࡢ⃭ࡋ࠸ᆅ㟈࡟ࡼࡗ୍࡚ᤲࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠖ࡜グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ100ࠋ1846 ᖺ࡟ࠊࢩ࣮ࣕࣟࢵࢺ
࢚ࣜࢨ࣋ࢫࡣࠊ
ࠕ㢼ࡀᙅ࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣ࣮࣎ࢺࡣ༴㝤ࢆకࢃࡎ࡟₈ࡄࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁࡿࡀࠊἼ࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚⃭ࡋࡃᦂࡾື࠿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ㢼ࡀᙉ࠸࡜ࡁࡣࠊἼࡢ⭾ࡽࡳࡀࡼࡾ⃭ࡋࡃ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ…ࢣ࣮
ࣉ࣌ࣟࣟ௜㏆ࡢ୰✵ࡢᒾ࡟Ἴࡀᙜࡓࡿ࡜ࠊ≟ࡀྭ࠼ࡓࡼ࠺࡞㡢ࡀฟࡿࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࡓ101ࠋ1893 ᖺ− 128 −

ฟ∧ࡢ᭩⡠࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢᾏᓙࡢ༴㝤ࢆ㍍どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡤࠊ
ࠕࡑࢀࡽࡣྂ௦ࡢ⯟ᾏኈ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣᜍᛧ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ኱ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ↓ࡃࠊࡑࡢṇ☜ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶
ࡿࠖ108ࠋ1908 ᖺࡢᆅ㟈࡛ᾏᕊࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊ

₻ࡢᙉࡉ࡜Ꮡᅾࢆᑠࡉ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ࡋࡓࠋ

ࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ1783 ᖺ࡜ 1908 ᖺ࡟㉳ࡁࡓ 2 ࡘࡢᆅ㟈࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡇ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋఱᗘࡶᵝࠎ࡞ⱁ⾡సရ࡟ᥥ෗ࡉࢀࡓᜍࢁࡋ࠸

₻ࡣࠊࡶࡣࡸᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ

16. ࢠࣜࢩ࢔ᅜࡢ Euripus Strait:ᆅᅗ఩⨨࠾ࡼࡧㄝ᫂
࢚࢘ࣜࣉࢫᾏᓙ(Euripus Strait)ࡣࠊࢠࣜࢩࣕᮏᅵࡢ࣎࢖࢜
࣮ࢸ࢕࢔(Boeotia)࠿ࡽ࢚࣮ࢤᾏ࡟࠶ࡿࢠࣜࢩ࢔ࡢ࢚ࣦ࢕࢔(Euboea)ᓥࢆ㝸࡚ࡿ⊃࠸Ỉ㊰࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᾏᓙࡣࠊ1 ᪥⣙ 4 ᅇ᪉ྥࢆኚ࠼ࡿᙉຊ࡞₻ὶ࡟᫹ࡉࢀࡿ102ࠋṔྐⓗㄝ᫂㸸ࡇࡢሙᡤࡢࡣࠊࠕ₻࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ1800 ᖺ௦࡟Ⓨ⾜ࡉࢀࡓከᩘࡢཧ⪃㈨ᩱࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ㈨ᩱ࡟

₻ࡣࠊ2 ࡘ௨ୖࡢὶࢀࡢస⏝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿỈࡢ෇ᙧ㐠ື࡟㐣ࡂ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡜

ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ…࢚࢘ࣜࣉࢫࡣࠊ࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㠀ᖖ࡟ྡ㧗࠸ࡀࠊ24 ᫬㛫ࡈ࡜࡟ 7 ᅇࠊỈࢆ྾࠸㎸ࡴࠊ྾࠸㎸ࡲ࡞࠸ࢆ஺஫࡟࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍࠋࡇࡢ₻ࡣࠊࢠࣜࢩ࢔ࡢᾏᓊ࡟㏆࠸ࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ103ࠋ⣙ 20 ᖺᚋࠊࠕࢠࣜࢩ࢔ࡢ࠶ࡿ⊃࠸ᾏᓙࡢỈᇦ࡟ࡣ㦫ࡃ࡭ࡁ୙つ๎ᛶࡲࡓࡣᨐ஘ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊṇ☜࡟ࡣ₻࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࡣఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞㉳※ࢆࡶࡘࠋࢿࢢ࣏ࣟࣥࢸᓥ(Negropont)㸦᫇ࡣ࢚ࣦ࢕࢔㸧ࡣࠊ௨๓ࡣ࢚࢘ࣜࣉࢫ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡓ⊃࠸ᾏᓙ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢠ
ࣜࢩ࢔ᮏᅵ࠿ࡽศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ104ࠋ1878 ᖺฟ∧ࡢ᭩⡠ࡣࠊ࣮࣐ࣟࡢṔྐᐙࢧࢵࣝࢫࢸ࢕࢘
ࢫ(Sallustius)㸦⣖ඖ๓ 86 ᖺ㸧ࡢヰ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿࠋᙼࡣࠊ
ࠕ࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ཬࡧࢠࣜࢩࣕ࡬⾜ࡃ㏵୰ࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ᫬ࠎࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᾏᓙࢆ㏻㐣ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊࠗ࢝ࣜࣗࣈࢹ࢕ࢫࡣ
₻ࡢᾏ㸦㞤ࡢ

(vorticosum㸧࡛࠘࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ⴭࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᙼዪࡣࠊ㞃ࡉࢀࡓ₻࡟ࡼࡗ࡚അ↛ࠕ₻ὶࡢ␗ᖖ
࡟ᘬࡁᐤࡏࡽࢀࡿ⯪ࢆ㣧ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ105ࠋูࡢ᭩⡠࡟ࡣࠊ− 129 −

ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ᭱ࡶὀ┠࡟್ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡣࠊ࢚࢘ࣜࣉࢫࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࢚ࣦ࢕࢔࡜ࢠࣜࢩ࢔ࡢᾏᓊࡢ㛫ࡢ⊃࠸ᾏᓙ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ࢝ࣝ࢟ࢩ࢔ࣥ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ㔜せ࡞₻(Chalcidian whirlpool)࡜࿧ࡤ

₻࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ106ࠋᩘᖺᚋࠊ࢚ࣜࢮ࣭

ࣝࢡࣜࣗ(Elisee Reclus) (1830~1905)ࡣࠊ࢖ࢫ࣒ࣛᩍᚐࡀࠕ࢚࢘ࣜࣉࢫࡢ 5 ✀㢮ࡢἼࡀ 5 ᫬㛫ࡢ♳ࡾࡢᚋ࡟ᐃᮇⓗ࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿࠋ…ᐇ㝿ࡣࠊ࣏ࣟࣥࢸࡢᾏᓙࡢὶࢀࡣㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸…107ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1900 ᖺ௦ึᮇࡢ」ᩘࡢ᭩⡠࡟ࡶࠊࡇࡢሙᡤࡢ

₻ࡀグ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢㄒࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ཧ⪃㈨ᩱࡀぢࡘ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
17. ࢺࣝࢥᅜࡢ Bosporus Strait㸦࣎ࢫ࣏ࣛࢫᾏᓙ㸧ᆅᅗ఩⨨࠾ࡼࡧㄝ᫂
ࠕ࢖ࢫࢱࣥࣈ࣮ࣝᾏᓙ(Strait of Istanbul)࡜ࡋ
࡚▱ࡽࢀࡿ࣎ࢫ࣏ࣛࢫࡶࠊ⊃࠸⮬↛ࡢᾏᓙ࡛࠶
ࡾࠊࢺࣝࢥࡢ໭す㒊࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟㔜せ࡞Ỉ㊰࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᾏᓙࡣࠊḢᕞ࡜࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ኱㝣ቃ⏺ࢆᡂࡍࠖ108ࠋࢺࣝࢥᾏᓙࡣࠊᾏ㊰ࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿⲨࢀࡓỈὶ࡟‶ࡕ࡚࠸࡚㹙‶ࡕ࡚࠸ࡿሙᡤ࡛
࠶ࡗ࡚㹛ண

࡛ࡁ࡞࠸

₻ࢆⓎ⏕ࡉࡏࠊ༴㝤࠿

ࡘᙉຊ࡞㏫ὶࡀ┦కࡗ࡚ࠊ⯟⾜࡟༴㝤࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ109ࠋࠕࡇࡢᾏᓙࡢὶࢀࡣࠊ」ᩘࡢሙᡤ࡛
༴㝤࡞₻ࢆᙧᡂࡋࠊDevil's Current㸦ᝏ㨱ࡢὶࢀ㸧࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ110ࠋṔྐⓗ㈨ᩱ㸸
ࡇࡢᆅࡢ₻࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᭱ࡶึᮇࡢཧ⪃㈨ᩱࡣࠊ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࢪ࣭࣑ࣙࣥࣝࢺࣥ(1608-1674)ⴭࠊ

1667 ᖺฟ∧ࡢࠊࠗParadise Lost࠘㸦࿴ヂ∧㸸ࠗኻᴦᅬ࠘㸧ࡔ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ111㸸
ࡦࡋࡵࡁྜ࠺ᒾࠎࡢ㛫࡟࠶ࡿ࣎ࢫ࣏ࣛࢫࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁࠊ
ࣘࣜࢩ࣮ࢬࡣࠊ࢝ࣜࣗࣈࢹ࢕ࢫࢆᕥ⯨࡛ࡣ㑊ࡅ࡚ࠊࡶ࠺୍᪉ࡢྑ⯨࡛ࡣ₻ࢆࡸࡾ㐣ࡈࡋ

ࡸࡗ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࡝࠺࡟࠿ษࡾᢤࡅࡓ

− 130 −

ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᙼࡣࠊ࣎ࢫ࣏ࣛࢫ࡜࢝ࣜࣗࣈࢹ࢕ࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡍࡿࠋࠕ࣓࣍ࣟࢫ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ⣖ඖ๓ 629 ᖺ㹼571 ᖺ࡟࣎ࢫ࣏ࣛࢫ࡟ࡣᕧ኱࡞

₻ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆࠊ࠶ࡿᏛ⾡ㄽᩥࡀド᫂ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓ112ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ 2 ࡘࡢཧ⪃㈨ᩱ௨እ࡟ࡣࠊࡇࡢሙᡤ࡛ࡢ

₻࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ぢࡘ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᮅ㩭㸦㡑ᅜ㸧
18. Myeongnyang Straitᆅᅗ఩⨨࠾ࡼࡧㄝ᫂
㬆ᱱᾏᓙ(Myeongnyang Strai)࡜ࡋ
࡚ࡶ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊྉࡪᾏᓙࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ)ࡣࠊ㡑ᅜࡢ༡す㝮ࡢࢃࡎ࠿࡟Ἀ ྜ ࡟ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊ ᮏ ᅵ ࡜ Jindo
Island(㰚☚ౣ ࢆ㝸࡚࡚࠸ࡿࠋ…㬆ᱱᾏᓙࡣࠊYi Sun-Shin ࡢᏑ࿨୰࡟ࡣ
ࠕUldolmokࠖࡲࡓࡣࠕ㎘ࡃỈ㊰ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᙉຊ࡞₻ὶࡀࡇࡢỈ㊰ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࢆ༨ࡵᶓ᩿ࡋ
࡚ࠊ᫓࡟ࡣ≉࡟኱ࡁ࡞㡢ࢆ❧࡚࡚࠸
ࡓ113ࠋ
ᶫࡢୖ࠿ࡽ

₻ࢆぢୗࢁࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ

࡛ࡁࡿࠋṔྐⓗ㈨ᩱ㸸
ࡇࡢᾏᓙࡣࠊYi-Sunsin㸦ᮤ⯗⮧㸧(1545~1598) ᑗ㌷⋡࠸ࡿᮅ㩭ᾏ㌷ࡀ᪥ᮏࡢᾏ㌷ࢆ◚ࡗࡓ1597 ᖺࡢᡓሙ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕA Study on the Tidal Current State of Myeongnyang Strait on the Dateof Myeongnyang Sea Battle, by Orbital Period of Celestial Bodyࠖ࡜࠸࠺㢟ྡࡢㄽᩥࡀ 2015 ᖺ
࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡉࢀࠊ1597 ᖺࡢᡓ㜚୰ࡢ₻ࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࡇࡢሙᡤࡢ₻ࡢつᶍ࡜ࢧ࢖ࢬ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡈࡃᑡ࡞࠸᝟ሗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1597 ᖺࡢᡓ࠸࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࢀ௨እࡢࡇࡢሙ
ᡤ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞࠸ࠋ

− 131 −

19. Sondolmok Straits:ᆅᅗሙᡤ࠾ࡼࡧᣦ♧ࢯࣥࢻࣝࣔࢵࢡᾏᓙ(Sondolmok
Straits)ࡣࠊ㡑ᅜࡢ㔠ᾆ(ࡁࢇࡱ)࡜
Gimpo ࡜Ụ⳹ᓥ(Ganghwado
Island)ࡢ㛫࡟఩⨨ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢྡ⛠ࡣࠊSondol ࡜࠸࠺ྡࡢ
Ώ⯪ᴗ⪅ࡢఏㄝ࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿ114ࠋṔྐⓗㄝ᫂㸸
ࡇࡢሙᡤࡢ₻࡟㛵ࡍࡿྂ࠸ཧ⪃㈨ᩱࡣࠊࢃࡎ࠿࡟ 2 ࡘࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋ1884 ᖺ 9 ᭶࡟࢔࢖ࣝ

ࣛࣥࢻฟ㌟ࡢ࠿ࡽࡢࣃࢺࣜࢵࢡ࣭࣍ࢻࢿࢵࢺ⯪㛗(Captain Patrick Hodnett) (1834 ᖺ⏕)ࡣࠊᶓ὾࠿ࡽᮅ㩭࡟⯪࡛ྥ࠿࠸ࠊ17 ᪥࡟ᮅ㩭ᾏᓙࠊᑐ㤿ᾏᓙ࡛Ⲩኳ࡟㐼㐝ࡋࡓࠋࠕᙼࡣᅇ㢳㘓ࡢ୰࡛ࠊࡑࡢ₻ὶࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㏿࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᙼዪࠕZephyr ྕࠖࡀ㌿そࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠋ15 ᑜࡢ
㛗ࡉࡢ
ࡗ࡚⯪ࡀ

₻ࡀ㛫㏆࡟㏕ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࠋᒾࡣ㉳అ࡟ᐩࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࠋ…࣍ࢻࢿࢵࢺࡣࠊ₻ὶ࡟ࡼ₻࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᤕ࠼ࡽࢀࠊᾏᗏ࡟ỿࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺࡜᥎

ࡋࡓࠖ115ࠋ1902 ᖺ࡟ฟࡉࢀࡓ

ᩥ⊩࡛ࡣࠊࠕࡇࡢᾏᓙࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᒾ࡜᪩℩ࡀᐤ⏕ࡋࠊ₻ὶࡀỈ㌴⏝ὶỈࡢࡼ࠺࡟᪩ࡃὶࢀࡿࡢ
࡛ࠊChemulpo(⌧ᅾ㸸࢖ࣥࢳࣙࣥ)࠿ࡽࢯ࢘ࣝࡲ࡛⛣ືࡍࡿ⯪ࡣࠊࡲࡎࡑࡢ㐍㊰ࢆぢࡘࡅࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ
ࠕ㕲㐨㍺㏦᫬௦ࡼࡾ๓࡟ࢯ࢘ࣝ࡜ Chemulpo ࡢ㛫ࢆ㸦࡝࠺࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࠿㸧ᗘࠎ⛣ືࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ேࠎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤮࡟ᥥ࠸ࡓࡼ
࠺࡞ᾏᓙࢆ㏻ࡿỈ㊰ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊSon-dol Mok ࡢ㎘ࡃ₻ࡣ㥆ᰁ῝ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ…ࠖ116ࠋࡑࡢ 2

ᖺᚋࠊࠗKorea࠘࡜࠸࠺㢟ྡࡢ᭩⡠࡟ࡣࠕᾏᓊࡢᜍᛧ࡜࠸࠺ᝏホࡀ࠶ࡿ Son-dol Mok ࡢ᭷ྡ࡞᪩℩ࡣࠊࡍࡄ㏆ࡃ࡟࠶ࡿࠋᓥࡢᾏᓊࢆ୰ᚰ࡟↓ᩘࡢ◓ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ117ࠋࡇࢀࡽ
2 ࡘࡢཧ⪃㈨ᩱ௨እ࡟ࡣࠊࡇࡢሙᡤࡢ

₻࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞࠸ࠋ

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ࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻ
20. French Pass (Te Aumiti)ᆅᅗ఩⨨࠾ࡼࡧㄝ᫂ࠕTe Aumiti/French Pass ࡣࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ
࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡢᮏᅵࡢᾏᓊ࠿ࡽ༡ᓥ(South
Island)ࡢ໭➃࡟࠶ࡿࢹࣦࣗࣝ࢕ࣝᓥ
(D'Urville Island)ࢆศࡅࡿ⊃ࡃ࡚༴㝤࡞୍⥆ࡁࡢỈᇦ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2014 ᖺ 8 ᭶
࡟ࠊFrench Pass ࡢྡ๓ࡣ Te Aumiti /French Pass ࡟ṇᘧ࡟ኚ᭦ࡉࢀࡓࠖ118
French Pass ࡢྡ⛠ࡣࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢ᥈
᳨ᐙࢹࣗࣔࣥ ࢹࣦࣗࣝ࢕ࣝ(Dumont
D'Urville) (1790-1842) ࡀྡ௜ࡅࡓࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡾࠊᙼࡣ 1827 ᖺ࡟ࡑࡢỈ㊰ࡢ⯟⾜࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓ119ࠋṔྐⓗㄝ᫂㸸
ࡇࡢሙᡤࡢ₻࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᭱ࡶึᮇࡢཧ⪃㈨ᩱࡢ 1 ࡘࡀ 1846 ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࠕࡇࡢ

ᾏᓙࡣࠊ₻ࡢ‶ࡕᘬࡁࡢᮏ᮶ࡢ࿘ᮇࢆ▱ࡽ࡞࠸⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⯪࡟஌ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ༴㝤࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ…ࡇࡢᾏᇦࡣࠊ᫓࡟ࡣࠊᜍࢁࡋ࠸㏿ࡉ࡛Ỉࡀὶࢀࠊᩘ࠼ࡁࢀ࡞࠸࡯࡝ࡢὶࢀࠊ ᕳࠊ₻ࡀᒾ㛫࡟Ⓨ⏕ࡋࠊ㐺ษ࡞▱㆑ࡶ㓄៖ࡶ࡞ࡃࡑࡢ༴㝤࡟Ἔ᩿ࡋ࡚㏆࡙ࡃ㐠ࡢᝏ࠸⯪࡟࡜ࡗࠕ࢝ࢾ࣮ࡣ‘Te࡚ࡣࠊ࿨ྲྀࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜᭩࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ120ࠋ1855 ᖺ࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓ᭩⡠࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ
Parata ࡢႃ‘࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿ

₻࡟୍┤⥺࡟ྥ࠿࠸ࠊࡑࡢ

₻ࡢ୰࡟ධࡾ㎸ࡴࠋ࢝ࢾ࣮ࡣࠊࡑࡢ

₻࡟㣧ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࠊࡑࡢ⯪㤳ࡣࡑࡢ୰࡟ᾘ࠼࡚࠸ࡃ…*ࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࡢேࠎࡣࠊࡇࡢ
₻࡟ูࡢྡ⛠ࢆࡘࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
ࠗୡ⏺ࢆ⤊➃࡬࡜ᑟࡃᛴ࡞ୗࡾᆏ࠘࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠖ121ࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ
1872 ᖺ࡟ࠊࢳ࣮ࣕࣝࢬ࣭࢙࢘ࣥࢺ࣮࣡ࢫ(Charles Wentworth)䬃ࡣࠊࠕ༡ᓥ࡟㸦࡝࠺࠸࠺ࢃࡅ
࠿㸧ྥ࠿࠸ጞࡵࠊFrench Pass ࡜࠸࠺ᜍࢁࡋ࠸

₻࡛‶ࡕࡓ⊃࠸Ỉ㊰ࢆ㏻ࡾᢤࡅࡓࠋ…ࠖ࡜᭩࠸ࡓ122ࠋࡑࡢ 3 ᖺᚋࠊูࡢ⯪ဨࡀࠕ㸦ᡃࠎࡣ㸧᭷ྡ࡞ French Pass ࢆ㏻ࡾᢤࡅࡓࠋὶࢀࡀ

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㠀ᖖ࡟㏿࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ‶₻࡛ࡶᖸ₻࡛ࡶࠊᾏࡀฑ࠸࡛࠸ࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟㝈ࡾ㏻ࡾᢤࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
…ᾏᓙ஦ែࡣ⊃ࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᾏᓊ࠿ࡽ 50 ࣇ࢕࣮ࢺ㸦⣙ 15 m㸧௨ෆࡢ༓ᕪ୓ู࡞

₻࡜ὶࢀࠕὶࢀࡣኚࢃ
ࢆ㏻ࡗ࡚㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠖ࡜᭩࠸ࡓ123ࠋ1908 ᖺ࡟ฟࡉࢀࡓูࡢグ㏙࠿ࡽࡣࠊࡾࠊ௒ࡣ࢔ࢻ࣑ࣛࣝࢸ࢕‴(Admiralty Bay)࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢືࡁࡣ୙つ๎ࡍࡂࡿࡋࠊ
ᾏᇦࡣࡒࡗ࡜ࡍࡿᵝ┦࡛₻࡟࡞ࡗ࡚Ⲩࢀ≬ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠖࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ124ᑦࠊࡑࡢ⏤᮶ࡣࠊ࣐࢜ࣜ᪘ࡢఏㄝࡢே Kupe ࡜࠸࠺ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥࢻࢆⓎぢࡋࡓ᭱ึࡢ࣏ࣜࢿࢩ࢔ே࡟ᇶ
࡙ࡃࠋࡇࡢሙᡤࡢ maelstrom ࡣࠊᙼࡢ㣫ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㬼ࢆ䬩ࢀࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀࡀࡇࡇࡢ♋࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

⤖ㄽ㸸ࡇࡢㄽᩥࡣࠊ ₻ࡢ⌧㇟ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦࠶ࡗࡓ㸧12 ࠿ᅜࠊ20 ⟠ᡤࡢᩥ໬ⓗ࠾ࡼࡧṔྐⓗഃ㠃ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㐣ཤ࡟ࡣᜍࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ሙᡤࡶ࠶ࢀࡤ㸦Danube
River ࡸ Strait of Messina ࡞࡝㸧ࠊࢲ࣒ࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿỈὶ㸦Rance River㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ ₻࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣࠊ᪩℩࡟㏆࠸ࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Seymour NarrowsࠊShookumchuck
NarrowsࠊDeception Pass㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊࣁ࣡࢖ࡢ⌧㇟ࡣࠊ ₻࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㝗ἐ✰࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋ㐣ཤᩘⓒᖺ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ྛࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿᩥ⊩࠾ࡼࡧⱁ⾡సရࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚ࠊ᭩⡠࡟ᖜᗈࡃグ㏙ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⤮⏬࡟ᥥ࠿ࢀࡓࡶࡢࡀᴟࡵ࡚ᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ ࡗࡓ ࠋࡋ ࠿ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽࠊ ࣀࣝ ࢙࢘ ࣮࡛ Ⓨ ⏕ ࡍࡿ

₻ ࠊࡍ ࡞ࢃ ࡕ ࠊSaltstraumen ࡜

Moskstraumen ࡣࠊ᭱ࡶ㛗ࡁ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚グ㏙ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࡢ࠾ࡼࡧṔྐ࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ᭱ࡶ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

− 134 −

₻ࡢᩥ໬

1https://books.google.com/

2https://www.hathitrust.org/

3

https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/maelstrom

4

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/maelstrom

5

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool

6

Olaus Magnus. A Compendious History of the Goths, Swedes, and Vandals and Other

Northern Nation. (London; J. Streater, 1658) Book XXI, 226.
7

Conrad Malte-Brun, Universal Geography: Or A Description of All Parts of the World, on a

New Plan, According to the Great Natural Divisions of the Globe”, Volume 1. (A. Finley,1827) 162.
8

Fletcher S. Bassett, Legends and Superstitions of the Sea and of Sailors in all lands and at all
times (Chicago; Belford, Clarke&Co.,1885)

910The Encyclopedia Britannica, 9th edition, 1888.
http://www.momtastic.com/webecoist/2009/07/24/10-magnificent-maelstroms-and-destructive-₻ s/#Tw8IhpeOhrC1cYYv.99

11

https://www.pinterest.jp/pin/241998179952681793/?lp=true

12

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Narrows

13

Pacific Coast Pilot: Alaska. Dixon entrance to Yakutat Bay with inland passage from Strait of
Fuca to Dixon entrance, Part 1, (U.S. Government Printing Office.,1891) 39.

14

Ibid. p39.

15

Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore., Appletons' Guide-book to Alaska and the Northwest Coast:
Including the Shores of Washington, British Columbia, Southeastern Alaska, the Aleutian and
the Seal Islands, the Bering and the Arctic Coasts. (New York : D. Appleton and Co., 1893) 21.

16

Ibid. p21.

17

S.H. Cooke ““The Alaskan Fleet Adjust Compasses” in Motor Boating Vol. 45. No. 4 (April,1930)1421819

http://www.geog.uvic.ca/viwilds/ul-ripplerock.html
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/60-years-later-a-major-underwater-

explosion-in-b-c-still-fascinates-1.4598172− 135 −

20https://arachnoid.com/alaska2002/winds_currents.html

21

Ocean: The Definitive Visual Guide, (London; DK, 2014) 84.

22

Arthur Bryan Williams, Rod & Creel in British Columbia. (Progress Pub. Co.,1919)

23

Steward Edward White, Shookum Chuck: A Novel , (Doubleday, 1925)

24

Carl Bolin, Pacific Motor Boat, Vol. 29., 1936) 11

25

Milton A. Dalby, “Cruising Canadian in Motorboating, (April, 1946) 36-38

26

Ibid., 36-38

27

Ibid., 36.

28

Vera Kelsey, British Columbia rides a star, (Harper, 1958)

29

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deception_Pass

30

Jonathan Raban, Driving Home: An American Journey. (Pantheon. 2011) 216.)

31

Jonathan Raban, Passage To Juneau (Pan Macmillan, Jan 24, 2019) (1st ed. 1999)

32

United States Congressional serial set inventory control record 1, Volume 1165. (1864) 396

33

Miscellaneous: Special Report. United States. Dept. of Agriculture, (U.S. Government
Printing Office, 1884) 71

34

E.V. Smalley, Smalley's Magazine, Volumes 7-8. (1889), 27.

35

United States Congressional serial set, Issue 3080, (1892) 2757.

36

Travel, Volume 33. (Travel Magazine, Incorporated, 1919) 29.

37

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_Whirlpool38

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool_Aero_Car

39

Lieut. The Hon. Fred. Fitzgerald De Roos, Personal Narrative of the Travels in the UnitedStates and Canada in 1826, (London, William Harrison Ainsworth, 1827) 150.

40

Capt. Thomas Hamilton, Men and Manners in America, Vol II., (William Blackwood,
London, 1833) 332.

41

Joseph Wentworth Ingraham, A Manual for the Use of Visitors to the Falls of Niagara,(Charles Faxon, Buffalo, USA, 1834) 59.

42

S. De Veaux, The Falls of Niagara or Tourist`s Guide to this Wonder of Nature including
notices of the Whirlpool, Islands &c. and a complete guide thro` the Canadas., (William B.
Hayden, Buffalo, 1839) 85.

− 136 −

43

Andrew Burke, Burke`s Description Guide or the Visitor`s Companion to Niagara Falls: Its
strange and wonderful localities., (Buffalo. 1855) 86.

44

George Washington Holley, The Falls of Niagara and Other Famous Cataracts, (London:
Hodder and Stoughton, 1882) 46.

45

http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2009/07/24/10-magnificent-maelstroms-and₻ s/

destructive46

Natalie Zaman, Magical Destinations of the Northeast: Sacred Sites, Occult, Oddities andMagical Monuments, (Llewellyn Publications, 2016)₻47https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/old-sow-

48

William Heylinger, The Silver Run: a story of the sardine industry. (D. Appleton-Century
Co., 1934) 116

49

William Heylinger, SOS Radio patrol, (Dodd, Mead, 1940)88

50

Boy`s Life, Boy Scouts of America. (1941)

51

The Maine History News. Volumes 3-11. Maine League of Historical Societies and Museums,(1967) 10.

52

http://www.momtastic.com/webecoist/2009/07/24/10-magnificent-maelstroms-and-destructive53₻ s/#MUMamzJfBqTocSi7.99

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1747_Bowen_Map_of_the_North_Atlantic_Islan

ds,_Greenland,_Iceland,_Faroe_Islands_(Maelstrom)_-_Geographicus_-_OldGreenlandbowen-1747.jpg
54

Jesse Hart Rosdall, The Ikdal family history – the American branches of the Ikdal familywith an account of their origins in western Norwary and information concerning the
Norwegian relatives, (1947)

55

Rev. Erich Pontoppidan trans., Natural History of Norway, (London, 1755)

56

Rev. Thomas Smith, The Wonders of Nature and Art; or a Concise Account of Whatever ismost curious and remarkable in the World, Vol II. (London: Printed for J. Walker, J. Harris,
1803) 256.

57

S. Augustus Mitchell, An Easy Introduction of the Study of Geography Designed for theInstruction of Children in Schools and Families, (Philadelphia: Thomas, Cowperthwait & Co.,1846)

− 137 −

58

William L. Stone, The Poetry and History of Wyoming, (Wilkes-Barre : C.E. Butler, 1841) 311.

59Charlotte Elizabeth, Posthumous and Other Poems., (New York : M. W. Dodd, 1846) 37.

60“A Visit to the Corrycreckan” in The Athenaeum: Journal of Literature, Science, (No. 1923,
Sept 3, 1864)

61

William Henry Giles Kingston, A Yacht Voyage Round England, (London: The Religious
Tract Society, 1879) 223.

62

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Corryvreckan63

http://www.caithness.org/pentlandfirth2/

64

The Present State of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol 3. (London, Printed for J. Brotherton,
1716) 112.

65

J.J.A Worsaae, An Account of the Danes and Norwegians in England, Scotland, and Ireland(London, J. Murray, 1852) 251.

66

The Topographical, Statistical, and Historical Gazetteer of Scotland (Glasgow, A. Fullarton& Co., 1853) 463.

67

W. J. Thomas ed., Notes and queries and historic magazine. A monthly history, folk-lore,
mathematics, literature, science, art, arcane societies, etc.. Ser. 6, Vol 9.. (Manchester, N.H.,
S.C. & L.M. Gould., Jan~June 1884)

68

The Encyclopaedia Britannica – A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature, Vol.
XXIV. (Philadelphia, J.M. Stoddart Co., 1889) 571-572.

69

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rance_(river)70

https://stock.adobe.com/ie/images/a-powerful-₻ -is-generated-at-the-surface-of-the-green-waters-of-the-river-rance-by-the-action-of-a-turbine-of-the-tidal-power-station-nearsaint-malo-in-brittany-france/222108190
71

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltstraumen

72

William Thomson, The World of Tides, (Great Britian,Quercus Ltd., 2017) 93.

73

The London Journal of Arts and Sciences. Vol II. (London, Sherwood, Neely & Jones,1822)86-88.

74

John Platts, The manners and customs of all nations; also, remarkable biographies, histories,
sects., (London, H. Fisher, Son, and Co. 1827) 660.

− 138 −

75

Charlotte Elizabeth, Posthumous and Other Poems., (London, Burnside, and Seeley, 1846)
39.

76

John Murray, A Hand-book for Travellers in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Iceland, (NewYork : C. Scribner's Sons, 1858) 223.

77

Chambers's encyclopedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people. Volume 6.
(Edinburgh, W. & R. Chambers, 1890) 789.

78

The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature,
Volume 24. (Maxwell Sommerville, 1894), 572.
₻

79

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

80

Miscellaneous Pieces. Consisting of Select Poetry and Methods of Improvement in Husbandry,
Gardening and Various Other Subjects, useful to Families, 3rd ed. (Sherberne [Eng.]: Printed
for R. Goadby, 1752) 158.

81

Rev. Erich Pontoppidan trans., Natural History of Norway, (London, A. Linde, 1755)

82

Rev. Thomas Smith, The Wonders of Nature and Art; or a Concise Account of Whatever is
Most Curious and Remarkable in the World. (Philadelphia, Printed by Robert Carr 1803) 256
Rev. W. Hutton, The Wonders of Nature and Art Containing an Account of the mostremarkable and curious animals, and mineral and vegetable productions in the world. (1823)(same as 1803) 206.

83

John Harris, The Wanderings of Tom Starboard or the Life of a Sailor, his voyages and travels,
perils and adventures, by sea and land. (London, 1830) 287.

84

J. Olney, A practical system of modern geography: or, A view of the present state of the world ...
/ revised and illustrated by a new and enlarged atlas, (New York, Pratt, Woodford & cr., 1845)
195.

85

The Ladies’ Garland devoted to literature, amusement and instruction. Vol III. (Philadelphia,
J. Libby, 1840) 257.

86

Edgar Allan Poe, A Descent into the Maelstrom. (1841)

87

Jules Verne, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, (1923)

88

Charlotte Elizabeth, Posthumous and other Poems, (London, Burnside and Seeley, 1846) 38.

89

Edward Brown, A Brief Account of Some Travels in Hungaria, Servia, Bulgaria, Macedonia,
Thessaly, Austria, Styria, Carintha, Cariniola, and Fruili. (1673)− 139 −

90

Rev. Thomas Smith, The Wonders of the Nature and Art; or a Concise Account of Whateveris Most Curious and Remarkable in the World, (London, Printed for J. Walker, J. Harris, 1803)

91

Charles Campbell, The Traveller's Complete Guide Through Belgium, Holland and Germany:
Containing Full Directions for Gentlemen, Lovers of the Fine Arts, and Travellers in General.
(London, Sherwood, Neely and Jones, 1815) 253.

92

M Reichard, In Itinerary of Germany; Or, Traveller`s Guide Through that Country to whichis added an itinerary of Hungary and Turkey. (London, Printed for Samuel Leight, 1826) 55.

93

Baron Riesbeck, Travels Through Germany in a Series of Letters, Vol 1. (London, Printed for
T Cadell, 1837) 216.

94

Charles Edwards ed., Payne's Universum, or, Pictorial world: being a collection of engravingsof views in all countries, portraits of great men, and specimens of works of art, of all ages andof every character. Vol 11 (London, E.T. Brain and Co., 1845-1847) 86.

95

Robert Blachford, The Water Lily on the Danube: Being a Brief Account of the Perils of a Pairoar During a Voyage from Lambeth to Pesth., (Mansfield, J.W Parker, 1853) 138.

96

The Economist, Volume 50, Part 2 (September 17, 1892) 1190

97

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Messina

98

Rev. Cooper Willyams, A Voyage of the Mediterranean in his Majesty`s Ship the Swiftsure.
(London, A.M. T. Bensley, 1802) 16.

99

P. Brydone, A Tour Through Sicily and Malta in a series of letters to William Beckford, ESQ,
(London, Abernethy and Walker, 1809 28.

100

R. Brookes, Brooke`s General gazetter improved, (Virginia, Johnson and Warner, 1812)

101

Charlotte Elizabeth, Posthumous and Other Poems, (London, Seeley, Burnside, and Seeley,1846) 39.

102

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euripus_Strait

103

Georges Louis Le Clerc, A Natural History, General and Particular: Containing the History
and Theory of the Earth, a General History of Man, the Brute Creation, Vegetables, Minerals,
Etc. Etc. (Translated from the French by William Smellie, London, Published by Richard
Evans, 1817) 101.

104

The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, Volume 8.
(London, Charles Knigh t& Co., 1839) 184− 140 −

105

Freidrick K. Harford, The Diver: With Notes. (London, Bickers&Son, 1878) 26.

106

J. Minshull trans. Land, sea and sky; or, Wonders of life and nature”, tr. from the German.
(London, Ward, Lock &Co, 1881) 86-87.

107

Elisee Reclus, The ocean: a descriptive history of the phenomena of the life of the globe,(London, J.S. Virtue & Co., 1888) 100.

108https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosporus

109

David S.T. Blackmore, Warfare on the Mediterranean in the Age of Sail: A History, 1571–1866,(USA, McFarland & Company, USA, 2011) 19

110

Ibrahim Hilmi Voskay, The Significance of International Straits to Soviet Naval Operations
1975 -The Turkish Straits in International Diplomacy of Recent Times, 1936-1946,(Department of History, Stanford University., 1952)

111

C.W. Connon., The first four books of Milton's Paradise lost, (1855) 90

112

homerandatlantis.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Scylla-CharybdisJAH-1.pdf

113

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myeongnyang_Strait

114

http://folkency.nfm.go.kr/en/topic/detail/5567

115

http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2018/12/721_260362.html

116

Rev. M.N. Trollopem, “Kang-Wha” in Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic
Society, Vol II. (1902) 2.

117

Angus Hamilton, Korea, (London: W. Heinemann, 1904) 286.

118

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Pass

119

https://www.smashinglists.com/top-10-places-to-see-120

H.H Chambers, The New Zealand Journal, Volume 6, (1846) 46.

121

Sir George Grey, Polynesian Mythology and Ancient Traditional History of the New Zealand₻ s/2/

Race, as Furnished by the Priests and Chiefs, (London: John Murray, 1855) 140.
122

Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke, Greater Britain: A Record of Travel in English-speaking
Countries During 1866 and 1867. (London, Macmillan and Co., 1872) 238.

123

Egerton K. Laird, The Rambles of a Globe Trotter in Australasia, Japan, China, Java, India,
and Cashmere, Volume 1. (London, Chapman & Hall, 1875) 122.

124

Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Volume 40 (Royal Society of New Zealand,1908) 440.

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Narrows) http://www.geog.uvic.ca/viwilds/ul-ripplerock.html
WebEcoist “10 Magnificient Maelstroms”
http://www.momtastic.com/webecoist/2009/07/24/10- magnificent- maelstroms-and₻ s/#Tw8IhpeOhrC1cYYv.99

destructive-

Wikipedia, “Bosporus”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosporus
Wikipedia, “Danube”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danube
Wikipedia, “Deception Pass”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deception_Pass
Wikipedia, “Euripus Strait”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euripus_Strait
Wikipedia, “French Pass”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Pass
Wikipedia, “Gulf of Corryvreckan”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Corryvreckan
Wikipedia, “Myeongnyang Strait”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myeongnyang_Strait
Wikipedia, “Niagara₻”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_₻

Wikipedia, “Rance (river)”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rance_(river)
Wikipedia, “Saltstrumen”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltstraumen
Wikipedia, “Seymour Narrows”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Narrows
Wikipedia, “Shookumchuck Narrows”,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skookumchuck_Narrows
Wikipedia. “Strait of Messina”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Messina
Wikipedia, “₻ Aero Car”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Wikipedia, “₻”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/₻_Aero_Car₻

Wikipedia Commons, “File 1747 –Bowen Map of the North Atlantic Islands.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1747_Bowen_Map_of_the_North_Atlantic_Islands,_Greenland,_Iceland,_Faroe_Islands_(Maelstrom)_-_Geographicus_-_OldGreenlandbowen-1747.jpg
Zolotukhin, Anatoliy, “Where were Scylla and Charybdis located?”,homerandatlantis.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Scylla-CharybdisJAH-1.pdf
䠄ᚨᓥ኱Ꮫ䠅

− 148 −㬆㛛せሰ࡜ῐ㊰㕲㐨㸫ࠕほගᆅ࣭㬆㛛ࠖⓎᒎࡢไ⣙࡜ಁ㐍㸫బ⸨ᡓ๓ᮇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㬆㛛㸦ṇᚿ₻㸧ࡢほගᆅ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢⓎᒎ㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢᙧᡂ࡟ᯝࡓࡋࡓ

஺㏻ᶵ㛵ࡸᆅᇦ㸦⾜ᨻ㸧ࡢᙺ๭࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ⯪఍♫ࡸ㕲㐨఍♫ࡀⓎ⾜ࡋࡓ࣮ࣜࣇ
ࣞࢵࢺࡸ᪑⾜㞧ㄅ࡞࡝ࡢ࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࡀ㬆㛛ࡢᬒ຾ᆅ㺃ほගᆅ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆ࠿ࡓࡕ࡙ࡃࡾࠊほග᝟ሗࢆఏ㐩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊி㜰⚄ࡢほගᐈࢆㄏᘬࡍࡿࡢ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓ
ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ๓ሗ࿌᭩࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ㸦㸯㸧ࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣほගᆅ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㬆㛛ࡢⓎᒎ㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢⓎᒎ࡟ไ⣙ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࠕ㬆㛛せሰࠖ࡜ࠊ཯ᑐ࡟ࡑࡢⓎᒎࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋࡓࠕῐ㊰㕲㐨ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢṔྐࡢᴫせࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᡓᚋࡢ㬆㛛ࡢほග㛤Ⓨ࡟㛵ࢃࡗ࡚ࠊ༡ᾏ㟁㕲ࡀ୺య࡜࡞ࡾῐ㊰ᓥࠊᚨᓥ┴ࢆࡣࡌࡵᅄᅜࢆໟᦤࡋࡓᗈ኱࡞஺㏻ᅪࡢᙧᡂࢆࡵࡊࡋࡓࠕ኱༡ᾏᅪࠖᵓ᝿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᴫほࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ㸯㸬㬆㛛せሰ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

1 ࠕせሰࠖ࡜ࡣࡲࡎࠊせሰ࡜ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࠋἲつୖ࡛ࡣࠊࠕỌஂࡢ㜵ᚚᕤ஦ࢆ௨࡚Ᏺഛ
ࡍࡿᆅࢆせሰ࡜⛠ࡋྛせሰ࡟ࡣ඼ᆅྡࢆෙࡋ᯾せሰ࡜⛠ࡍࡿࠖ㸦᫂἞ 28㸦1895㸧ᖺ 3 ᭶ 30
᪥ࠗせሰྖ௧㒊᮲౛࠘㸧࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࠗせሰᆅᖏἲ ἲᚊ➨ 105 ྕ ࠘㸦᫂἞ 32㸦1899㸧
ᖺ 7 ᭶ 14 ᪥㸧➨ 1 ᮲࡟ࡣࠊࠕせሰᆅᖏࠖࡢᐃ⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕᅜ㜵ࣀⅭᘓタࢩࢱࣝㅖ⯡ࣀ㜵⚪
Ⴀ㐀≀ࣀ࿘ᅖࣀ༊ᇦࣤபࣇࠖ࡜つᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㜵ᚚⓗ㌷஦᪋タ࡜ࡋ࡚ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࠊỌஂせሰࡢሙྜࠊἢᓊࠊᅜቃࠊ ‴ࠊᓥᕋࠊ㒔ᕷ➼ࡢせᆅ࡟ࠕᆅୖ࡜ᆅୗ࡟ሀᅛ࡞㝕ᆅࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊ◙ྎࠊ㖠ᗙࠊ㞀ᐖ≀ࠊ㏻ಙࠊほࠊ་⒪ࠊᒃఫࡢྛタഛࡸ಴ᗜࠊ஺㏻㊰ࢆഛ࠼ࠊᆅୖࠊᾏ

ୖࠊ✵୰࠿ࡽࡢᨷᧁ࡟㛗ᮇⓗ࡟⪏࠼ࠊࡲࡓᨷᧁࡢᣐⅬ࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺⥲ྜⓗ࡟ᵓᡂࠖࡉࢀࡓࡶ
ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ₞ḟࠊせሰࡢᡓ␎ⓗ౯್ࡣࠕᶵືຊࡢḞዴࠖࡸࠕ⯟✵ᶵࡢⓎ㐩ࠖ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾ
పୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ 2 ࠋ
せሰࡢ୺せ᪋タ࡛࠶ࡿ◙ྎ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪋タ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ 3 ࠋ− 149 −

࣭◙ᗙ࣭࣭ⅆ◙㸦㸲㹼㸴㛛㸧ࢆᤣ࠼ࡿࠋ
࣭᳇ᜥ᥏䭍㒊㸦ࡏ࠸ࡑࡃ࠼ࢇ࡮࠸ࡪ㸧࣭࣭ᡓ㜚᫬ࠊරဨ㉳ᒃࡍࡿቸࠋ
࣭᥏䭍㒊࣭࣭ර⯋࣭ほᡤ࣭࣭ほ㸦↷‽㸧࡜ᑕᧁᣦ᥹ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ࣭ᙎ࣭ⅆ⸆ᗜ
࣭ᙎᘂ㸦ࡔࢇࡋࡻ࠺㸧࣭࣭ಙ⟶ࡸⅆ⸆ࠊ⿦⸆ࡢᩚഛ࡜඘ሸࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ࣭㟁ⅉᡤࠊ↷᫂ᡤ࣭࣭᥈↷ⅉ㸦ࢧ࣮ࢳࣛ࢖ࢺ㸧ࡢ㐠⏝ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ࣭ሏሠ࣭࣭ᾏᓊ◙ྎࡢ⫼ᚋ㸦㝣ṇ㠃㸧࠿ࡽᨷᧁࡋ࡚ࡃࡿᩛୖ㝣㒊㝲ࢆ◙ᧁࡍࡿ௵ົࠋ
୍⯡࡟ᑠཱྀᚄࡢ๓࡟ࡣቸࡀ᥀ࡽࢀࠊᶵ㛵㖠࡛ഃᑕ࡛ࡁࡿᵓ㐀㸦ሏሠ◙ྎ࣭࣭㝣ᾏ୧ṇ㠃࡟ᑐฎࠋ኱ཱྀᚄ࡜ᑠཱྀᚄࡢ୧ⅆ◙ࢆタ⨨ࠋ㸧࣭ᑕᇂ㸦ࡋࡷࡔ㸧࣭࣭㏆᥋ᡓ㜚࡟ഛ࠼ࡓࠊᑠ㖠ࡢᑕᧁ⟠ᡤࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ◙ྎࢆ௵ົ࡟ࡼࡾ༊ศࡍࢀࡤࠊἢᓊせሰࡢ୺ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ㛗᫬㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡾᩛⰄ⯲࡜◙ᡓࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊど⏺ࡀᗈ࠸ሙᡤ࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀࠊᑕ⛬ࡸ◙ᙎጾຊࡢ኱ࡁ࠸኱ཱྀᚄ◙ࢆᤣ࠼௜ࡅࡓࠕ◙ᡓ◙ྎࠖࠊᾏᓙ࣭‴ཱྀࡸ⊃Ỉ㐨࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀࠊᩛⰄ㝲ࢆᚅࡕཷࡅ࡚ᑕᧁࡋࠊᑕ⏺ࡢ⊃࠸పᆅ࡟࠾࠸࡚࿨୰⢭ᗘࡀ㧗ࡃⓎᑕ㏿ᗘࡢ㏿࠸࢝ࣀࣥ◙ࢆ㓄ഛࡋࡓࠕせᧁ◙ྎࠖࠊᩜタࡋࡓᶵ㞾㝖ཤࢆࡍࡿᩛࡢᑠⰄ⯪ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋࠊ㞄᥋ࡢ◙ྎࡢṚゅࢆ࢝ࣂ࣮ࡍࡿ୰ᑠཱྀᚄࡢ࢝
ࣀࣥ◙ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠕഃ㜵◙ྎࠖ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊⅆ◙ࡢ✀㢮࡟ࡼࡿ◙ྎ༊ศ࡛ࡣࠊ◙ྎࡀẚ㍑ⓗప࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀࠊᖹᑕᙎ
㐨࡛Ⰴ⯪ࡢ⯨ഃࢆᑕᧁࡍࡿ࢝ࣀࣥ◙ࡀタࡅࡽࢀࡓࠕ࢝ࣀࣥ◙◙ྎࠖࠊ୍⯡࡟㧗࠸ᒣ㡬ࡸୣ㝠࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀࠊ᭤ᑕᙎ㐨࡛Ⰴ⯪ࡢ⏥ᯈࢆᑕᧁࡍࡿࠕᵄᙎ◙◙ྎࠖࡸࠕ⮻◙◙ྎࠖࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ
4 ࠋ

2 ࠕᾏᓊ㜵ᚚ⟇ࠖࡢᒎ㛤࡜㬆㛛せሰࡢᡂ❧
1872㸦᫂἞ 5㸧ᖺ࡟㝣㌷┬ࡀᾏ㌷┬࡜࡜ࡶ࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊ㝣㌷┬ࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫ㝣㌷ᩍᖌᅋࢆᣍ⪸࠸࡚ࠊἢᓊ㜵ᚚࡢ⟇ᐃࢆጤࡡࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ௖㝣㌷ᩍᖌᅋ㛗ࡢ࣐ࣝࢡ࣮ࣜ୰బ
ࡣࠊࠕἢᾏ㜵ᚚἲ᱌ࠖࢆ⟇ᐃࡋࠊ㤳㒔ࡢᮾிࢆᏲࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᮾி‴㜵ᚚࢆ㔜どࡋࡓᥦ᱌ࢆ࠾
ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ1874 ᖺ࡟ᚋ௵ࡢ࣑ࣗࢽ࢚࣮୰బࡀ᮶᪥ࡋࠊᅜෆᕠ᳨࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁලయⓗ࡞ᾏᓊ㜵ᚚἲ᱌ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ࡞࠿࡛኱㜰࣭⚄ᡞࢆ㜵ᚚࡍࡿࡓࡵ⣖ῐᾏᓙせሰᘓタࡢ㔜せᛶࢆᘓ㆟ࡋࡓࠋࡓࡔࡑࢀ࡟ྠ⾜ࡋࡓཎ⏣୍㐨㝣㌷኱బࠊ∾㔝Ẏᑡబࠊ㯮⏣ஂᏕᑡబࡽࡣ

− 150 −

࣑ࣗࢽ࢚࣮᱌ࢆᢈุࡋࠊ඲ᅜⓗぢᆅ࡟ࡓࡗࡓᡓ␎㜵ᚚ᱌ࢆ㝣㌷䬃ᒣ┴᭷᭸࡟ᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠕ㜵ᚚࡍ࡭ࡁ⥭せ 5 ᆅ༊ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓࡢࡀࠊᮾி‴ཱྀࠊ⣖ῐᾏ㛛ࠊୗ㛵ᾏᓙࠊ㇏ணᾏ㛛࠾ࡼࡧ㬆㛛ᾏᓙ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ 5 ࠋ⾲㸯㸬ࠕᾏᓊ㜵ᚚ⟇ࠖࡢᒎ㛤࡜せሰᘓタೃ⿵ᆅᮾ㬆 ⣖ ᫂ ⱁ ᗈ ୗᶓబ㮵ᑐ ᩔ ⯙ ภ ᐊி㛗㛛 ῐ ▼ ண ᓥ 㛵䚷ᥦ᱌⪅䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷ೃ⿵ᆅ䚷䚷䚷㡲ୡඣ
㤿 ㈡ 㭯 㤋 ⹒‴ᓮᾏ ᾏ ᾏ ᾏ ‴ ᾏ㈡ಖᓥཱྀᓙ ᓙ ᓙ ᓙ ࿋ ᓙ᫂㻢㻚㻥䚷௖㝣㌷ᩍᖌᅋ㛗䝬䝹䜽䝸䞊୰బ䞉ἢᾏ㜵ᚚἲ᱌䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿᫂㻤䠊䚷௖ᩍᖌᅋ䞉䝭䝳䝙䜶䞊୰బ᫂㻤㻚㻝䚷ᒣ┴᭷᭸᫂㻤㻚㻝㻜䚷ཎ⏣୍㐨኱బ᫂㻝㻞㻚㻥䚷ᾏᓊ㜵ᚚྲྀㄪጤဨ
᫂㻝㻡䠊䚷ᾏ㜵ᒁ㛗䠄௒஭኱బ䠅᫂㻝㻢䠉㻝㻤䠊䚷ᾏ㜵ᒁ䞉㜵ᚚィ⏬
᫂㻝㻤䠊䚷䝽䞁䝇䜿䝷䞁䝧䝑䜽኱ᑚ䠄⹒䠅᫂㻞㻜䠊䚷䝯䝑䜿䝹ཧㅛᑡబ䠄⊂䠅᫂㻞㻜䠊䚷ཧㅛᮏ㒊㛗᫂㻞㻟㻚㻝㻝䚷ཧㅛᮏ㒊䞉ᾏᓊ㜵ᚚィ⏬኱せ᫂㻞㻠㻚㻥䚷ཧㅛ⥲㛗䞉㜵ᚚᆅⅬ㑅ᐃ䕿 䕿 䕿 䕿
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䕿 䕿

㻟㻜 㻟㻝

㻝㻟

㸦ฟᡤ㸧ཎ ๛㸦2002㸧ࠊᫍ㔝⿱ྖ࣭ᑠᯘ୍㑻㸦2005㸧ࠋ

1877㸦᫂἞ 10㸧ᖺࡢす༡ᡓத࡜࠸࠺ᅜෆ᭱኱ࡢෆᡓࡀ⤊⤖ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᮅ㩭ࢆᕠࡿΎᅜ࡜
ࡢᑐ❧ࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ࠊᨻᗓࡢ㌷஦ᨻ⟇ࡣࠕᅜෆ἞Ᏻ㜵Ṇࠖ࠿ࡽࠕᅜᅵ㜵⾨㔜どࠖࠊࠕᑐእ㜵⾨యไࠖࡢᩚഛ࡬࡜㌿᥮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢᇶᮏᨻ⟇ࢆ⟇ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ᫂἞ 11㸦1878㸧ᖺ࡟ཧㅛᒁᾏᓊ㜵ᚚྲྀㄪጤဨࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࠊᑐእ㜵⾨యไࡢ᰾࡛࠶ࡿᾏᓊせሰࡢᘓタᆅⅬࡢ㑅ᐃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᥦゝࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋྠጤဨࡣࠊ1879 ᖺ࡟せሰࡢ╔ᕤ㸦ᮾி‴ཱྀࠊ኱㜰‴࣭⣖ῐᾏᓙࠊୗ㛵ᾏᓙ㸧ࢆỴᐃࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ㈈ᨻ㞴࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ1880 ᖺ࡟ᮾி‴ཱྀ࣭ほ㡢ᓮ➨ 2 ◙ྎࡢࡳࡢ╔ᕤ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
1882㸦᫂἞ 15㸧ᖺ 1 ᭶ࠊཧㅛᮏ㒊ࡀᾏ㜵ᒁ㸦ᒁ㛗࣭௒஭ව฼኱బࠊࡢࡕཧㅛᮏ㒊➨୕ᒁ㸧ࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓࠋ7 ᭶௒஭ᒁ㛗ࡣ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࢆࡣࡌࡵ඲ᅜࡢせᆅ㸦⣖ῐᾏᓙࠊⱁணᾏᓙࠊᗈ
ᓥ‴ࠊୗ㛵ᾏᓙ㸧࡟⮫᫬ሏሠࡢᘓタࡋᅾ᮶ࡢⅆ◙ࢆタ⨨ࡋࠊ㜵ഛࢆᅛࡵࡿࡼ࠺ཧㅛᮏ㒊㛗࡟ពぢ᭩ࢆᥦฟࡋࡓࠋ9 ᭶࡟ࡣࠊෆᾏ 4 ᾏᓙ㸦㬆㛛ᾏᓙࠊ⣖ῐᾏᓙࠊᗈᓥ‴ࠊⱁணᾏᓙ㸧ࡢ㜵ᚚ᪉⟇ࢆᒣ┴ཧㅛᮏ㒊㛗࡟ୖ⏦ࡋࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ࠕᾏᓊ㜵ᚚ⟇ࠖࡀල⏦ࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊ⾲ 1 ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ከࡃࡢᥦゝࡢ࡞࠿࡟ࠊ
㬆㛛ᾏᓙࡢ㔜せᛶࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀせሰᘓタࡢೃ⿵ᆅ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1890㸦᫂἞ 23㸧ᖺ࡟ཧㅛ− 151 −

ᮏ㒊ࡀỴᐃࡋࡓࠕᾏᓊ㜵⚪ィ⏬኱せࠖࡣࠊ㜵⚪ᆅⅬ 22 ᆅⅬࢆ㑅ᐃࡋࠊ㔜せᗘ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ 3➼࡟༊ศࡋࡓࡀࠊ㬆㛛ᾏᓙ࡜⣖ῐᾏᓙࡀ➨ 1 ➼ 11 ᆅⅬࡢ࡞࠿࡟㑅ᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ1889
㸦᫂἞ 22㸧ᖺ࡟⏤Ⰻせሰࡢᘓタࡀඛ⾜ࡉࢀࠊ⏕▼㸦࠾࠸ࡋ㸧ᒣ➨୕◙ྎ࠿ࡽ╔ᕤࡉࢀࡓ㸦㹼 1906
㸦᫂἞ 39㸧ᖺ㸧 6 ࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ㬆㛛せሰࡣ 1897㸦᫂἞ 30㸧ᖺ࠿ࡽࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠕ኱㜰‴࡟౵ධࡍࡿᩛⰄ㝲ࢆ㜼Ṇࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᘓタࠖࡉࢀࡓ 7 ࠋ

࣭1894㸦᫂἞27㸧ᖺ᪥Ύᡓதࠋ⏤Ⰻせሰࠊⅆ◙ᮍタ⨨ࠊ኱㜰㜵⾨ࡢࡓࡵኳಖᒣ➼࡟⮫᫬◙ྎࠋ࣭1896㸦᫂἞ 29㸧ᖺ

7 ᭶ࠊ⏤Ⰻせሰྖ௧㒊㛤タࠋᕤර➨஧᪉㠃ࡀ⠏ᇛᕤ஦ࢆᢸᙜࠋ

࣭1897㸦᫂἞ 30㸧ᖺ

9 ᭶ࠊ⠏ᇛ㒊⏤Ⰻᨭ㒊࡜㬆㛛ᨭ㒊㛤タࠊ⠏ᇛᢸᙜࠋ

࣭1897㸦᫂἞ 30㸧ᖺ㬆㛛せሰࡢᘓタ╔ᕤࠋ࣭1899㸦᫂἞ 32㸧ᖺࠕせሰᆅᖏἲࠖබᕸ㸦⩣ 33 ᖺ 7 ᭶᪋⾜ࠊ኱ṇ 4 ᖺࠊ᫛࿴ 15 ᖺ 2ᗘᨵṇ㸧ࠋ࣭1899㸦᫂἞ 32㸧ᖺ㛛ᓮ◙ྎ❹ᕤࠋ
8 ᭶ࠊ㛛

࣭1900㸦᫂἞ 33㸧ᖺ⏤Ⰻせሰࠊ୍➼せሰ࡟᪼᱁ࠋ
⏤Ⰻ࡟◙ර⫃㝲ᮏ㒊ࠊ2 ࢣ኱㝲ࠊ῝ᒣ࣭⚟Ⰻ࡟ྛ 1 ࢣ኱㝲ࠋ

࣭1900㸦᫂἞33㸧ᖺ

3 ᭶ࠊ➲➲ᒣࠊ⾜⪅ᓅྛ◙ྎࡀ❹ᕤࠋ

࣭1900㸦᫂἞33㸧ᖺ

4᭶ࠊ㬆
㬆 㛛せሰྖ௧㒊ࠊ୕ཎ㒆㛛ᓮ࡟タ⨨ࠋྖ௧ᐁࡣ⏤Ⰻせሰ◙⫃㝲➨ 4 ኱㝲㛗㸦ዉⰋṊḟ㝣㌷୰ᑚ㸧ࡀවົࠋ3

㬆㛛せሰࡢ୺せᵓ㐀≀㬆㛛せሰࡣࠊ ḟ⾲ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ ࠕῐ㊰ᓥす༡➃ࡢࠊ⊃㛗࡞㬆㛛ᓁ࡟ࠊ໭ᮾ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚┤⥺ୖ࡟㓄⨨ࡉࢀࠖ 8 ࠊ㛛ᓮࠊ➲ᒣࠊ⾜⪅ᓅ࠾ࡼࡧᰠࢣཎሏሠ◙ྎ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᅗ 㸯ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟ 360
࠺ࡕᰠࢣཎሏሠ◙ྎ࡟タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓ 28 ੉ ᵄᙎ◙ࡢᑕ⏺ࡣࠊᅗᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ㏻㐣ᚋࡢᩛⰄ࡟ࡶ◙ᧁࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

− 152 −

ᅗ㸯㸬㬆㛛せሰࡢ◙ྎ㓄⨨࠾ࡼࡧ᭱኱ᑕ⛬࣭ᑕ⏺

㸦ฟᡤ㸧 㛗㇂ᕝ᫴⦅㸦2003㸧76 㡫ࠋ㬆㛛せሰࡢ◙ྎ

◙ྎྡ

ሙᡤ

㉳ᕤᖺ᭶

ഛ◙

㤳⥺

ഛ◙᏶஢

ᑕ⏺

ᖺ᭶

ࢡࣝࢵࣉᘧ 35 ཱྀᚄ 24cm

࣭SE20 ᗘ᫂἞ 32.1

61,800࢝ࣀࣥ◙ 2࣭㬆㛛ᾏᓙࢆྵࡴ

᫂἞ 34.9

20,000᫂἞ 33.5

114,000

᫂἞ 33.3

105,500

᫂἞ 36.7

117,500

❹ᕤᖺ᭶

㛛ᓮ◙ྎ

㬆㛛ᓁ✺➃

᫂἞ 30.3

ᶆ㧗 40 㹼 43m ᫂἞ 32.8

ࢫ࢝ᘧ 9cm ㏿ᑕ࢝ࣀࣥ◙ 2➲ᒣ◙ྎ㬆㛛ᓁ௜ࡅ᰿

᫂἞ 30.7

ᶆ㧗 95m᫂἞ 33.3

28cm ᵄᙎ◙ 6

࣭SE25 ᗘ࣭⣖ఀỈ㐨᧛☻䬮➲ ᒣ ◙ ྎ ࡢ ໭ ᫂἞ 30.10◙ྎᮾ 500mࠊᶆ㧗 ᫂἞ 33.3

࣭160 ᗘࠊ⣖ఀỈ㐨ࠊ

48m㬆㛛ᾏᓙࡢ༡㠃ᇦ

ሏሠ◙ྎ

ᰠཎᒣ

෇

270 ᗘ

⾜⪅ᓅ

ᰠࢣཎ

ഛ◙㈝

26 ཱྀᚄ 24cm ࢝ࣀࣥ◙ 6

࣭SE25 ᗘ᫂἞ 32.12

9 ੉࢝ࣀࣥ◙ 4ࠊ

࣭SE30 ᗘ᫂἞ 34.928cm ᵄᙎ◙ 4ࠊ

࣭210 ᗘ

16,50015cm ⮻◙ 4㸦ฟᡤ㸧ίἲᑎᮅぢ㸦1971㸧ࠊ㬆㛛ᕷྐ⦅⧩ጤဨ఍⦅㸦1982㸧ࠊ㛗㇂ᕝ᫴⦅㸦2003㸧ࠊཎ ๛㸦2002㸧ࠋ− 153 −

㛵㐃ᵓ㐀≀
ࡲࡓࠊ㬆㛛せሰࡣ⾲⾲ 㸰ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵㐃᪋タࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡲࡓ◙ྎ࡟ࡣࠊ᪥㟢ᡓதᑐᛂࡢ⥭ᛴ㓄ഛᕤරᡓഛ࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞᪋タ➼㸦⾲⾲㸱㸧ࡀ௜タࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

⾲㸰㸬㬆㛛◙ྎ㛵㐃᪋タ⾲㸱㸬⥭ᛴ㓄ഛᕤරᡓഛ㸦㬆㛛◙ྎ㸧 ᫂἞ 37 ᖺ 2 ᭶

㬆㛛せሰྖ௧㒊㫽ྲྀර⯋㸦୕ཎ㒆⚟Ⰻ⏫Ꮠ㫽ྲྀ㸧㫽ྲྀⅆලᗜᆅ༊◙රᣦ௧ᡤᩜᆅ㸦1㸧

⅕஦ሙᩜᆅ㸦2㸧ྠ௜ᒓ㟁ヰᐊᩜᆅ㸦1㸧

Ὑ℆ྎ≀ᖸ㸦3㸧ྠ௜ᒓཏᅗᩜᆅ㸦1㸧ྠỈ䬦⏝ᱞᶫ㸦2㸧㫽ྲྀර⯋௜ᒓ㏻ಙᐊࠊᾘ㜵ჾල᱁⣡ᡤ

௬஺㏻㊰㸦ᖜ 1mࠊ㛗ࡉ 2100m㸧
㸦1㸧 ᑠ౽ᡤ㸦3㸧

⾨ᡀ⑓㝔

Ỉ⁀㸦1㸧

㝵ẁ㸦5㸧

◙ර⦎රሙ

◙ྎ㛗఩⨨㸦5㸧ᒎᮃ䬆ᡤ㸦1㸧➲ᒣ◙ྎ⿦⸆ㄪ〇ရཬⅫ⸆ሸᐇᡤᑠ㝲㛗఩⨨㸦4㸧㈓Ỉᡤ㏦Ỉჾ㸦1㸧➲ᒣࠊ⾜⪅ᓅ୧◙ྎᙎᐊᣦᩘ∧఩⨨㸦4㸧ᑠ㟁ヰᐊ㸦2㸧㛛ᓮ◙ྎ᥏ᘂ㒊ᐷᗋཬ㖠ྍᵓ㐀௬ほᡤ㸦୰ᚄ 2m㸧㸦4㸧ᆅ༊◙රᣦ௧ᡤ㸦1㸧㛛ᓮ㟁ⅉࠊ㈓Ỉᡤྠ㸦ᖜ 1.8mࠊ㛗ࡉ 2.5m㸧㸦1㸧ྠ௜ᒓ㟁ヰᐊ㸦1㸧⛣ືᘧ㟁ヰᐊ㸦3㸧

⅕஦ሙ㸦3㸧

ᑕᧁᣦ᥹⏝㟁ヰ⥺ 3600m

஭ᡞ㸦1㸧

㸦ฟᡤ㸧JACAR㸦࢔ࢪ࢔Ṕྐ㈨ᩱࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧Ref.A01000012800ࠊኴᨻ㢮඾࣭➨஧⦅࣭᫂἞ᅄᖺ㹼᫂἞༑ᖺ➨ඵ༑஬ᕳ㸦ᅜ❧බᩥ᭩㤋㸧ࠊ ཎ⏣ಟ୍㸦2010㸧ࠋ㸦4㸧㬆㛛せሰࡢ⏤Ⰻせሰ࡬ࡢ⦅ධ
1903㸦᫂἞ 36㸧ᖺ 5 ᭶ࠊ㬆㛛せሰࡣ⏤Ⰻせሰ࡟ྜేࠊ⦅ධࡉࢀࠊ㬆㛛せሰྖ௧㒊ࡀ㛢㙐ࡉࢀࡓࠋ㬆㛛せሰࡀ⊂❧ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋࡓࡢࡣ 3 ᖺవࡾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋྜే㺃⦅ධࡉࢀࡓ⌮⏤ࡣࠊྐᩱ㸯࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⏤Ⰻせሰ࡜ྠࡌῐ㊰ᓥ࡟࠶ࡾࠊ㊥㞳ࡶ㏆᥋ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊྜྠ࡛ࡢරኈ
ࡢືဨࡀ୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ㬆㛛せሰ࣭⏤Ⰻせሰࡣࡑࡢ⏕ᾭࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᐇᡓ࡟౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ᪥
㟢ᡓதࢆ┠๓࡟ࡋࡓ 1904㸦᫂἞ 37㸧ᖺ 1 ᭶࡟⏤Ⰻせሰࡢ㛛ᓮ◙ྎࠊ⾜⪅ᓅ◙ྎࠊᰠࢣཎ
ሏሠ◙ྎ࡞࡝ᾏṇ㠃ࡢ◙ྎ࡟ᑕᧁ‽ഛ࿨௧ࡀୗࡗࡓࠋ‽ഛⅆ◙ࡣ⏤Ⰻせሰ඲య࡛ 98 㛛࡟

− 154 −

ୖࡗࡓࠋ⩣ 2 ᭶ࠊࠕ㆙ᛴ㓄ഛࠖ㸦ᐇᡓ᝿ᐃࡢែໃ㸧ࡀ࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀࠊ኱㜰Ṍර➨㸶⫃㝲ࡢ 1 ኱㝲࡜ 1 ୰㝲ཬࡧᕤර 2 ಶᑠ㝲ࡀቑ᥼ࡉࢀࠊ㬆㛛ᆅ༊࠾ࡼࡧ῝ᒣࠊ⏤Ⰻ࡟㓄ഛࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢᚋࠊ1909㸦᫂἞ 42㸧ᖺ࡟ࠕせሰᩚ⌮᱌ࠖࡀฟࡉࢀࠊ㌷⦰ࡀᮏ᱁໬ࡋࡓ኱ṇᮇ㸦኱ṇ 11㸪14 ᖺ㸧࡟ࡣせሰᩚ⌮ࡀ㐍ᒎࡋࡓࠋ
1923㸦኱ṇ 12㸧ᖺࡢࠕせሰ෌ᩚ⌮せ㡿ࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊ⏤Ⰻせሰࡢ෌ᩚ⌮᱌࡛ࡣࠊ➲ᒣࠊ⾜⪅ᓅ◙ྎࡢᗫṆ᱌ࡀฟࡉࢀࠊࡇࡢ௦᭰࡜ࡋ࡚ⅆຊቑᙉࡢࡓࡵఀᓥ࡟ 45 ཱྀᚄ◙ሪ 30cm
࢝ࣀࣥ◙ 2 㛛ࡢ◙ྎ᪂タ᱌ࡀ௻ᅗࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ1933㸦᫛࿴ 8㸧ᖺ࡟ࠕせሰ෌ᩚ⌮ཬಟṇィ⏬せ㡿ࠖࡀ⿢ྍࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࠊ⏤Ⰻせሰ࡛ࡣࠊࠕせᗘᑡ࢟ᪧᘧ◙ྎࣤᗫࢫࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚⾜⪅ᓅࠊᰠࢣཎሏሠ◙ྎࡢᗫṆ᱌ࡀฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ➲ᒣ◙ྎࡣᏑ⨨࡟ኚ᭦ࡉࢀࠊ᪂タணᐃ࡛࠶ࡗࡓఀᓥ
ࡣྲྀࡾṆࡵ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᙜヱᮇ࡟ࡣ඲ᅜⓗ࡟ࡶ◙ྎࡢ᪂タࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࠾ࡾ࠿ࡽࡢ⯟✵ᶵࡢⓎ㐩ࡀἢᓊせሰࡢ౯್ࢆపࡵࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ㖠◙ර㐃㝲ࡢ῝ᒣ⛣㌿࡛ර⯋ࡢᡶ࠸ୗࡆࡸ
ྖ௧㒊ࡢேဨࡀ๐ῶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡁࠊ1938㸦᫛࿴ 13㸧ᖺ࡟ࡣྛ◙ྎ࡟㓄⨨ࡉࢀࡓ◙ྎ┳Ᏺࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1 ྡ⛬ᗘ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆ⤊࠼࡚࠸ࡿ 9 ࠋྐᩱ㸯㸬ࠕ㬆㛛せሰྖ௧㒊ᗫṆ᱌ࠖࠕ㬆㛛せሰྖ௧㒊ࣤᗫࢩヱせሰࣤ⏤Ⰻせሰྖ௧ᐁࢽ㞔ᒓࢭࢩ࣒ᡓ᫬⏤Ⰻせሰ◙ර⫃㝲⦅ไ⾲ 㝃⾲➨ᅄභྕ ୰⏤Ⰻせሰせဨࢺ㬆㛛せሰせဨࢺࣀ༊ูࣤᗫࢫ ࣭࣭⌮⏤㬆㛛ཬ⏤Ⰻ஧せሰࣀ୺㒊ࣁඹࢽῐ㊰ࣀ୍ᓥෆࢽᅾࣜࢸ඼┦㊥ࣝ஼㐲࢝ࣛࢬஅ࢝Ⅽ࣓㜵⚪ィ⏬ୖ஫ࢽ┦ᐦ᥋ࣀ㛵ಀࣤ᭷ࢫࣝࣀ࣑ࢼࣛࢬ᭷஦ࣀ᪥Ṉ஧せሰࣀ⫼ᚋࢽ㏕࣐ࣛࣥࢺࢫࣝ

ᩛࣀୖ㝣ᆅࣤᐹࢫࣝࢽ၏ࢱ୍ࢽ㜿୓ᾆࣀ୍Ⅼ࢔ࣝࣀ࣑ࢽࢩࢸ⪋ࢩࢸṈⅬࢽୖ㝣ࢭࣥࢺࢫࣝᩛ
ࢽᑐࢩࢸࣁ୧せሰࣀᏲഛරࣤྜࢩ୍ᣦ᥹ᐁࣀୗࢽᅾࢸ㐍ࣥࢸ඼ୖ㝣ࣤጉᐖࢫࣝࣤ௨ࢸ⮳ᙜࢺࢫ࣭࣭࣭ᡓ᫬せሰ◙රཬ඼௚ࣀせဨࢽ᪊ࢸ୧せሰศᒓࣀ༊ศࣤᗫࢩஅ࢝౑⏝༊ศࣀᶒ⬟ࣤせሰྖ௧ᐁࢽጤࢫࣝࣤ௨ࢸ⮳ᙜࢺࢫࠖ㸦ฟᡤ㸧JACAR㸦࢔ࢪ࢔Ṕྐ㈨ᩱࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧Ref.C12121456800ࠗᡓ᫬⦅ไᨵṇཧ⪃᭩࠘
᫂἞ 37 ᖺ㸦㜵⾨┬㜵⾨◊✲ᡤᡤⶶ ࠋ− 155 −

5 ࠕせሰᆅᖏἲࠖ࡜ࠕྡ຾ᆅ㺃ほගᆅࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㬆㛛

1.ࠕせሰᆅᖏἲࠖ
᫂἞ 32 ᖺ 7 ᭶࡟බᕸࡉࢀࡓࠕせሰᆅᖏἲࠖࡣࠊࠕせሰᆅᖏࠖࢆせሰࡓࡿࠕ㜵ᚚ㐀Ⴀ≀ࡢྛ✺ฟ≀ࢆ㐃⤖ࡍࡿᇶ⥺ࠖࡼࡾࠕ஧༓஧ⓒ஬༑㛫 ⣙ 4km ௨ෆࠖ࡜ᐃࡵࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊせሰᆅᖏෆࢆࠊ➨ 1 ༊ 250 㛫䍦 450m ௨ෆ ࠊ➨ 2 ༊ 750 㛫䍦 1360m ௨ෆ ࠊ➨ 3 ༊ 2250
㛫䍦 4090m ௨ෆ ࡜ 3 ༊ศࡋࡓࠋ㌷஦ᶵᐦࢆಖᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊྛ༊㛫࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ
㸦1 ⁺⊟ࠊ 2
᥇⸴ࠊ 3 Ⰴ⯪ࡢ೵Ἡࠊ 4 ୙⇞ᘓ⠏࣭ᇙⴿᆅ࣭Ỉ㌴࣭㢼㌴࣭஭ᡞ࣭බᅬ࣭⏿࣭ሐ㜵࣭㐠Ἑ࣭㐨㊰࣭ᶫ࣭㕲㐨࣭ࢺࣥࢿ࣭ࣝỌஂᱞᶫࡢ᪂タ࣭ኚ᭦ࠊ 5 ᐙᒇ಴ᗜࡢቑᨵ⠏ࠊ 6 ሁᅵ࣭㛤๐ࡢᕤ஦࡞࡝࡟つไ࣭ไ㝈ࡀタࡅࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓཝࡋ࠸ไ㝈࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⁺ᴗࡸ᥇⸴࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⏕ᴗࡸᐙᒇ಴ᗜࡢቑᨵ⠏࡞࡝࡟ࡶྖ௧㒊ࡢチྍࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡾࠊᕷẸ⏕ά࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞㊊࠿ࡏ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ(10)ࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊྠἲ ➨㸵᮲ࠕఱேࢺ㞪せሰྖ௧ᐁࣀチྍࣤᚓࣝࢽ㠀ࢧࣞࣁせሰᆅᖏෆỈ㝣ࣀᙧ≧ཪࣁ᪋タ≀ࣀ≧ἣࢽ௜᧜ᙳࠊᶍ෗ࠊᶍ㐀ⱝࣁ㘓ྲྀཪࣁ඼ࣀ」෗ⱝࣁ」〇ࣤⅭࢫࢥࢺࣤᚓࢫࠖ࡜ࡢ つไࡣࠊほගᆅ࣭ྡ຾ᆅ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㬆㛛ࡢⓎᒎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚኱ࡁ࡞ࠕไ⣙ࠖ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࡜

ࡃ࡟ࠊᬒほࡢࠕ᧜ᙳࠊᶍ෗ࠊᶍ㐀ⱝࣁ㘓ྲྀཪࣁ඼ࣀ」෗ⱝࣁ」〇ࠖࡀチྍไ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡇ
࡜ࡣࠊᬒ຾ᆅ࡛࠶ࡿࡔࡅ࡟ࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࠋ෗┿᧜ᙳࡸࢫࢣࢵࢳ࡟࠾
࠸࡚ྐᩱ㸰ࡸྐᩱ㸱ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ὀពࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
㢼ᬒࡢ෗⏕࡛ࡶࠊᥥ࠸ࡓ⤮ࡢ࡞࠿࡟ᬒほࡢ୍㒊ࡀධࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶཝࡋ࠸ไ㝈ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ᎘Ẽࡀࡉࡋࠕ෗ᬒࢆ᩿ᛕࠖࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀྐ
ྐᩱ㸲࡟グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ྐᩱ㸰㸬ࠕせሰᆅᖏ࡛ࡢ᧜ᙳࠖ
㸦ࠗ࢔ࢧࣄ࣓࢝ࣛ⮫᫬ቑห᭱㏆ࡢ෗┿▱㆑࠘1935 ᖺ 11 ᭶㸧

せሰᆅᖏ࡛෗┿ࡢ᧜ᙳࢆࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊඛ࡙➨୍࡟ḟࡢᙧᘧ࡟ࡼࡿ㢪᭩୍㏻ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋせሰᆅ㸦ᾏ㌷୺⟶ෆ㸧సᴗチྍ㢪୍ࠊసᴗࡢ✀㢮ཬ┠ⓗ㸦㔞ࠊ᧜ᙳࠊᶍ෗➼㸧㸦Ⴀᴗࠊ◊✲ࠊグᛕࠊፗᴦࡑࡢ௚㸧஧ࠊసᴗ༊ᇦ㸦୺⟶ᆅෆᡤせࡢࡶࡢࢆグධ㸧㸦Ⰴ⯪㒊㝲ᐁ⾨Ꮫᰯྡ➼ࢆグධ㸧୕ࠊసᴗᮇ᪥㸦⮬ᖺ᭶᪥

⮳ᖺ᭶᪥㸧ྑసᴗチྍ┦ᡂᗘせሰᆅᖏἲ࡟౫ࡾཬฟ㢪ೃ᫛࿴ᖺ᭶᪥
⌧ఫᡤ

⫋ᴗ㸦㌟ศ

せሰྖ௧ᐁẊ⫪᭩㸧Ặྡ॓ཪࡣ㙠Ᏺᗓᣦ௧㛗ᐁẊ

− 156 −

ᖺ᭶᪥⏕ྐᩱ㸱㸬ࠕ࣭࣭௨ୖࡣ᪥ᮏࡢせሰᆅᖏ࡛ࠊࡇ࢏࡛⧙ࢆ࠿ࡃ࡟ࡣࠊࡑࡢᅵᆅࡢࠊせሰྖ௧㒊࡬ࡺࡁࠊᒆࢆฟࡍࡢࡔࠋ༳ࡉ࡬ᣢ࡚ࡺࡅࡤࠊ⡆༢࡟チྍฟ᮶ࡿࠊ࡜ࡇࢁࡔࡅチྍࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠋࡀࠊ
ᒣࡢᙧࡸࠊᾏᓊ⥺࡞࡝ࠊ᳨㜀ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᾘࡉࢀࡿ஦ࡀࡲ࢏࠶ࡿࠋཪࠊチྍ࡞ࡃᥥࡃ࡜ࠊ⨩ࡏࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡽᚚὀពࠋࠖ

㸦ฟᡤ㸧ᶓ஭ᘯ୕ 1929ࠗ⨾ࡋࡁࢫࢣࢵࢳ⏬ሗ࠘༤ᩥ㤋ࠊ314 㡫ࠋྐᩱ㸲㸬ࡇࡢࡈࢁฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓୖ㔝ᒣΎ㈉ྩࡢࠕ෗⏕ᆅࠖ࡟ࡶࠊせሰᆅᖏࡢྲྀ⥾ࡾ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⏬ᐙഃࡢⱞ᝟ࡢ୍➃ࡀ₃ࡽࡉࢀ࡚ࢄࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣ㝶ศྂࡃ࠿ࡽࡢၥ㢟࡛ࠊࡋ࠿ࡶࡲࡓ⏬ᐙ࡟࡜ࡘ࡚㒔ྜࡢࡼ࠸ࡸ࠺࡟ゎỴࡉࢀࡎ࡟ࢄࡿࠋ࣭࣭࣭࡚᭯㜿Ἴࡢ㬆㛛࡟㐟ࢇࡔࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋチྍドࡣ㈔ࡘ࡚࠶ࡘࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࠊᑐᓊࡢᒣࢆ⏬୰࡟ධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᐜࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡜⪺࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢇ࡞᮰
⦡ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࡲ࡛↓⌮࡟ᥥࡃࡀࡶࡢࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࡽࠊ⚾ࡣࡑࡢ෗ᬒࢆ᩿ᛕࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࣭࣭
࣭⚾ࡢ௒⪃࡬ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢࡸ࠺࡟ࠊ㝈ࡽࢀࡓ༊ᇦෆࢆࠊ༢࡟෗┿ᶵࢆࡉࡆ⏬
㐨ලࢆᡭ࡟ࡋ࡚ᙸ᚞ࡋ࡚ࢄࡿ⪅࡟␲ᝨࡢ║ࢆྥࡅࡓࡾࠊࡑࡢ༊ᇦෆ࡛ఱ≀ࢆᥥࡃࡇ࡜ࢆࡶ㸫 ୍ே≀࡞ࡾ୍ᮏࡢᯇᶞ࡞ࡾࢆᥥࡃ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶ 㸫⚗ࡌࡿ࡜࠸ࡩࡸ࠺࡞᪉ἲࡣᨵࡵ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸
࡜ᛮࡩࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸦ฟᡤ㸧▼஭᯽ீࠕせሰᆅᖏࠖ1926ࠗ⥆ ୍᪥୍ᩥ࠘ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫ࠊ87-289 㡫ࠋࡲࡓほගᆅ㺃ྡ຾ᆅ࡛࠶ࡿ㬆㛛࡛ࡣᩘከࡃࡢ⤮ࡣࡀࡁࡀⓎ⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊせሰᆅᖏ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡣࠊᙜ↛せሰࡢ◙ྎࡢᙧࡸ఩⨨ࡀศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᥥ෗ࡸ෗┿ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣฟ᮶
ࡎࠊᅗ㸰ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊせሰྖ௧㒊ࡢ᳨㜀ࢆཷࡅ࡚チྍ᪥ࡀ௜ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡀ༳ๅࡉࢀࡓࠋ

− 157 −ᅗ㸰㸬ྖྖ௧㒊ࡢチྍᖺ᭶᪥ࡀ༳ๅࡉࢀࡓ⤮ࡣࡀࡁ㸦㬆㛛ྡᡤࠊ༓㫽ࢣ὾㸧ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓไ㝈࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ ⾲㸲 ࡢࡈ࡜ࡃࠊ 1935㸦᫛࿴ 10㸧ᖺ๓ᚋࡣࠊᅜ㕲ࡢ㧗ᚨ⥺ࡢ඲⥺
㛤㏻࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㬆㛛࡬ࡢほගᐈࡀ୍ᣲ࡟ቑຍࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊࠕせሰᆅᖏἲࠖ㐪཯࡜ࡋ࡚ㄝㅍὀពࢆ
ཷࡅࡓ⪅ࡶቑຍࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋせሰࡢᏑᅾ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓไ㝈࣭ไ⣙ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᬒほࢆほග㈨※࡜ࡍࡿほගᆅ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㺂ࡑࡢⓎᒎࡀ㜼ᐖࡉࢀࡿᴟࡵ࡚ཝࡋ࠸≧ἣ࡟࠾࠿ࢀ࡚࠸
ࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ

⾲㸲㸬㬆㛛࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕせሰᆅᖏἲࠖ㐪཯⪅ᩘ೧࣏ ؏ޭ‫ ਼ٮ‬ҩൕॴ෾ ઈ།஭қদ࿪̐









tt





t㸦ฟᡤ㸧ࠗ㬆㛛ᕷྐ࣭ୗᕳ࠘ࠋཎ㈨ᩱࡣࠗᚨᓥ᪥᪥᪂⪺࠘1938 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 9 ᪥ࠋ

− 158 −

ࠕྡ຾㬆㛛㏣ຍᣦᐃࠖせㄳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
1931㸦᫛࿴ 6㸧ᖺ 2 ᭶ 20 ᪥ࠊᩥ㒊┬࿌♧࡟ࡼࡾ㬆㛛ࡀࠕྡ຾ࠖᣦᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ᫛
࿴ 6 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 5 ᪥࡟ᩥ㒊ḟᐁ୰ᕝ೺ⶶ࠿ࡽ㝣㌷ḟᐁᮡᒣඖᐄ࡚࡟ྐᩱ㸳ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕྡ຾㬆㛛㏣ຍᣦᐃࠖࡢ↷఍ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ㏣ຍᆅᇦࡣῐ㊰ᓥഃࡢࠕරᗜ┴୕ཎ㒆⚟Ⰻ⏫Ꮠ㫽ྲྀࠊᏐ኱ᅬࠊ
Ꮠ㬀┿ዟࠊᏐส⸴ᆏᮏࠖࡢᅜ᭷ᆅ 6 ⏫ 7 ẁ㸯␇ 9 Ṍ࡜Ẹ᭷ᆅ 6 ⏫ 3 ẁ 20 Ṍ࠾ࡼࡧ୰℩ࠊࠕᑠᅗ 㸱ཧ↷㸧ࠋ㏣ຍ⏦ㄳࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࠕ㬆㛛ࣀ㬆㛛ࢼࣝᒾ♋ཬᾏᓙࣤྵ࣒ࠖ⠊ᅖ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗᆅᇦࣁᚨᓥ┴ࢽᒓࢫ༙ࣝ㠃ࢽṆ࣐ࣜࢩࣤ௨ࢸ㬆㛛㢼ᬒࣀ඲ほࣤಖᏑࢭ࣒࢞ࢱ࣓௒ᅇஅࣤ㐃᥋ࣀරᗜ┴⚟Ⰻ⏫ࢽᒓࢫࣝ㬆㛛ᾏᓙᕥᓊ୍ᖏࣀỈ㝣ࠖ࡟ᣑ኱ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟せሰᆅᖏࡢ࡞࠿࡛ࠕྡ຾ࠖࡢࠕ㏣ຍᣦᐃࠖࢆ┠ᣦࡍせㄳ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㝣㌷ḟᐁᮡᒣඖ࠿ࡽᩥ㒊ḟᐁ୰ᕝ೺ⶶᐄࡢ 9 ᭶ 14 ᪥ࡢࠕᅇ⟅ࠖࡣࠕᚚ↷᭳ࣀ㊃␗Ꮡ↓அೃࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢ⤒⦋ࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⌧᫬Ⅼ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠕྡ຾㬆㛛ࠖࡀᚨᓥ┴ᇦ࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡸࡣࡾせሰࡢᏑᅾࡀࡇࡢ㏣ຍᣦᐃࢆ㜼ࢇࡔ࡜᥎ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ

ྐᩱ㸳㸬 ࠕྡ຾㬆㛛㏣ຍᣦᐃࢽ㛵ࢫࣝ௳ࠖ㹙᫛࿴ 6 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 5 ᪥㸸ᩥ㒊ḟᐁ୰ᕝ೺ⶶЍ㝣㌷ḟᐁᮡᒣඖ㹛ࠕྡ຾㬆㛛㏣ຍᣦᐃࢽ㛵ࢫࣝ௳᭟ࢽ㈗┬࡟༠㆟ࣀୖᮏᖺ஧᭶஧୐᪥௜ࣤ௨ࢸᣦᐃ࿌♧┦ᡂࢱࣝྡ຾㬆㛛ࢽ㛵ࢩ᭦ࢽู⣬ᅗ㠃ࣀ⟠ᡤࣤ㏣ຍᣦᐃࢩබ┈ୖᚲせᕬ࣒ࣤᚓࢧࣝሙྜࣀእ⌧≧ࣀኚ᭦ࣁஅࣤチྍࢭࢧࣝぢ㎸ࣀฎヱᆅࣁせሰᆅᖏࢽࢩࢸୟࢶ㈗┬ᡤ⟶ඛᅜ᭷ᆅࣤࣔໟྵࢫࣝࢽ௜ᚚ␗㆟↓அဢᢎ▱⮴ᗘ
㏣⪋ྑせሰᆅᖏࢽ௜ࢸࣁ᭟ࣀࣔࣀࢺྠᵝ኱ṇ༑୍ᖺභ᭶஧༑ᅄ᪥௜ෆົ┬୍ࠐⓎ⌮஬஬ྕ↷఍ᕥグ᮲௳ࢽᣐࣝࢥࢺࢺ⮴ᗘ
グ
㸦ྡ຾㸧

㸦ᡤᅾᆅ㸧

㸦ᆅ┠㸧

㸦ᆅ✚㸧

㛛ᓮ

රᗜ┴୕ཎ㒆⚟Ⰻ⏫Ꮠ㫽ྲྀ୤஑භභ

◙ྎᩜᆅ஬୕཯ࠐ୍஬⾜⪅ᕌྠྠ୍ᅄ཯ࠐ஧ᅄ

୤஑භ୐ࠕ㬆㛛ᣦᐃᆅᇦ㏣ຍᡤᅾᆅරᗜ┴୕ཎ㒆⚟Ⰻ⏫Ꮠ㫽ྲྀࠊᏐ኱ᅬࠊᏐ㬀┿ዟ− 159 −

Ꮠส⸴ᆏᮏ

ࠖ

ᣦᐃᆅ✚
Ẹ᭷༑஧➹

ᅜ᭷஧➹

භ⏫୐ẁ୍␇ࠐ஑Ṍභ⏫୕ẁ஧༑Ṍእࢽ୰℩ࠊᑠ㬆㛛ࢼࣝᒾ♋ཬᾏᓙࣤྵ࣒

ㄝ᫂ᄧࢽྡ຾ࢺࢩࢸᣦᐃࢭࣛࣞࢱࣝ㬆㛛ࣀᆅᇦࣁᚨᓥ┴ࢽᒓࢫ༙ࣝ㠃ࢽṆ࣐ࣜࢩࣤ௨ࢸ㬆㛛㢼ᬒࣀ඲ほࣤಖᏑࢭ࣒࢞ࢱ࣓௒ᅇஅࢽ㐃᥋ࣀරᗜ┴⚟Ⰻ⏫ࢽᒓࢫࣝ㬆㛛ᾏᓙᕥᓊ୍ᖏࣀ
Ỉ㝣ࢽ᪊ࢣࣝ୰℩ࠊᑠ㬆㛛ࠊ㛛ᓮࠊ⾜⪅ᕌࠊἈࣀส⸴ࠊ㬆㛛㐟ᅬཬ㭯ᓥᓁࣀᬒ຾ࣤ㏣ຍ
ࢩᣦᐃࢭ࣒ࢥࢺ࣭࣭
ಖᏑࣀせ௳
බ┈ୖᚲせᕬ࣒ࣤᚓࢨࣝሙྜࣀእ㢼⮴ࣤᦆയࢫ࣋࢟⌧≧ኚ᭦ࣤチྍࢭࢨࣝࢥࢺࣤせࢫᒾ▼ࣤയࢣཪࣁ᥇ྲྀࢫࣝࢥࢺࣁஅࣤ⚗ࢬᶞᮌࣀఆ᥇ࠊᐙᒇࣀᘓ⠏ࠊ㐨㊰ࣀ᪂タಟ⠏ࢽᑵࢸࣁ༑ศࣀὀពࣤせࢫࠖ㹙᫛࿴ 6 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 14 ᪥㸸㝣㌷ḟᐁᮡᒣඖЍᩥ㒊ḟᐁ୰ᕝ೺ⶶ㹛ࠕኒ➨ᅄභ୕ྕ඼୍ ᩥ㒊┬ ྡ຾㬆㛛㏣ຍᣦᐃࢽ㛵ࢫࣝ௳ࠖࠕḟᐁࣚࣜᩥ㒊ḟᐁ࣊ᅇ⟅㤳㢟ࣀ௳ࢽ㛵ࢩ஑᭶஬᪥㝃ර᐀୍஬ྕࣤ௨ࢸᚚ↷᭳ࣀ㊃␗Ꮡ↓அೃ
㏣ࢸ኱ṇ༑୍ᖺභ᭶஧༑ᅄ᪥㝃ෆົ┬୍ࠐⓎ⌮➨஬஬ྕ↷఍ᕥグᲄ௳୰➨୍ཬ୐ᲄࣁᕥ
グࣀዴࢡᨵ࣒ࣝࢥࢺࢽ⮴ᗘᕥグ㹙㝣ᬑ➨୕ඵᅄ஬⹰ ᫛࿴භᖺ஑᭶ᣠᅄ᪥㹛୍ࠊྐ㋱ྡ຾ኳ↛グᛕ≀ಖᏑἲつᐃࣀ⾜Ⅽࢽࢩࢸせሰᆅᖏἲཬྠ᪋⾜つ๎ࢽ᢬ゐࢫࣝࣔࣀࣁྠἲཬྠ᪋⾜つ๎つᐃࣀᡭ⥆ࣤ⾜ࣇࢥࢺ୐ࠊ㝣㌷┬ࢽ᪊ࢸ⌧≧ࣤኚ᭦ࢫࣝ࢝ዴ࢟ᕤ஦ࣤࢼࢩཪࣁᕤస≀ࣤᘓタࢭࢩሙྜࢽࣁ඼ᴫ
せࣤᩥ㒊┬ࢽ㏻ሗࢫࣝࢥࢺ
㸦ฟᡤ㸧JACAR㸦࢔ࢪ࢔Ṕྐ㈨ᩱࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧Ref.C01001261600ࠊỌᏑ᭩㢮⏥㍴➨㸴㢮᫛࿴㸴ᖺ㝣㌷┬ࠗ኱᪥グ⏥㍴࠘᫛࿴ 6 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 13 ᪥㸦㜵⾨┬㜵⾨◊✲ᡤᡤⶶ㸧ࠋ− 160 −

ᅗ㸱㸬ࠕྡ຾㬆㛛㏣ຍᣦᐃࠖᆅᇦᅗ

㸦ฟᡤ㸧JACAR㸦࢔ࢪ࢔Ṕྐ㈨ᩱࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧Ref.C01001261600ࠊỌᏑ᭩㢮⏥㍴➨ 6 㢮
᫛࿴ 6 ᖺ㝣㌷┬ࠗ኱᪥グ⏥㍴࠘᫛࿴ 6 ᖺ 9 ᭶ 13 ᪥㸦㜵⾨┬㜵⾨◊✲ᡤᡤⶶ㸧ࠋ

3. ℩ᡞෆᾏᅜ❧බᅬ࡜㬆㛛ࡶ࠺ࡦ࡜ࡘࠊせሰࡢᏑᅾࡀࠕほගᆅ࣭㬆㛛ࠖࡢⓎᒎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ไ⣙࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊᅜ❧බᅬࡢᣦᐃࠊ⦅ධࢆࡵࡄࡿၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜ❧බᅬࡣࠊ1872 ᖺ࡟ୡ⏺࡛ึࡵ࡚ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ
࢖࢚࣮ࣟࢫࢺ࣮ࣥᅜ❧බᅬࡀᣦᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ 1911㸦᫂἞ 44㸧ᖺ࡟᪥ගࢆᖇᅜබᅬ
࡜ࡍࡿㄳ㢪ࡀᖇᅜ㆟఍࡟ฟࡉࢀࠊࡑࡢᚋࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞㐠ືࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ᫛࿴ 2㸦1927㸧ᖺ࡟ᅜ❧බᅬ༠఍ࡀ⤖ᡂࡉࢀࡓࠋྠᖺ 5 ᭶ 4 ᪥ࠊᚨᓥᕷ࡛ࡣ㜿Ἴಖ຾఍ࡀ㛤ദࡉࢀࠊ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࢆ୰ᚰ࡟༡ࡣᑠᯇᓥࠊ໭ࡣ㤶ᕝ┴ᒇᓥࡲ࡛ࡢᾏᓊ୍ᖏࢆᅜ❧බᅬ࡟⦅ධࡍ࡭ࡁ࡜ᘓ㆟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1931㸦᫛࿴ 6㸧ᖺࠊࠕᅜ❧බᅬἲࠖࡢไᐃࢆዎᶵ࡟ࠊᅜ❧බᅬࡢᣦᐃࢆࡵࡊࡍ㐠ືࡀྛᆅ࡛ࡓ࠿ࡲࡿ࡞࠿࡛ࠊᅜ❧බᅬጤဨ఍ࡣࠊ1932㸦᫛࿴ 7㸧ᖺ 10᭶࡟㜿ᐮ࣭ᐩኈ࣭᪥ග࣭℩ᡞෆᾏ࡞࡝ 12 ࠿ᡤࡢೃ⿵ᆅࢆỴᐃࡋࡓࠋ⩣ 33 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 16 ᪥࡟− 161 −

ࡣࠊᅜ❧බᅬጤဨ఍ጤဨ㛗ࡽ 24 ேࡀ㬆㛛බᅬࢆ 3 ᪥㛫ㄪᰝࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ29 ᪥࡟ࡣᅜ❧බᅬጤဨ఍ጤဨࡢ⏣ᮧ๛ࡽᑓ㛛ᐙ୍⾜ࡀ㬆㛛බᅬࡢㄪᰝ࡟ධࡿ࡞࡝ࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊᆅඖ࡛ࡣᣦᐃ
࡬ࡢᮇᚅࡀ㧗ࡲࡾࠊ㐠ືࡀ㧗ᥭࡋࡓ 11 ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ1934㸦᫛࿴ 9㸧ᖺ 3 ᭶ 16 ᪥࡟℩ᡞෆᾏ࣭㞼௝࣭㟝ᓥࡢ 3 ࠿ᡤࡀᅜ❧බᅬ࡟ᣦᐃࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢࠊ℩ᡞෆᾏᅜ❧බᅬࡣᒸᒣ㺃㤶ᕝ࡟ᣳࡲࢀࡓഛㆭ℩ᡞࡢࡳࡀᑐ㇟ᆅ
࡜࡞ࡾࠊ㬆㛛ࡣ㝖እࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢཎᅉ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶせሰࡢᏑᅾࡀ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊ➨ḟୡ⏺኱ᡓᡓࠊࠕ㌷஦ⓗไ⣙ࠖࡀᾘ⁛ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ1950㸦᫛࿴ 25㸧ᖺ 5 ᭶ࡢ➨ 1ḟ༊ᇦᣑᙇࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊ℩ᡞෆᾏࡢ࡯ࡰ඲ᇦࡀ℩ᡞෆᾏᅜ❧බᅬ࡟ᣦᐃࡉࢀࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ㬆㛛ࡀᅜ❧බᅬ࡟⦅ධࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ྐྐᩱ㸴㸪㸵ཧ↷㸧ࠋྐᩱ㸴㸬㬆㛛

ᯇ஭㈉௓

ࠕṈᗘ℩ᡞෆᾏᅜ❧බᅬ༊ᇦࡀᣑᙇࡉࢀ࡚ኳୗࡢྡ຾㬆㛛ᾏᓙࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿᆅᇦࡀ඼ࡢ୰
࡟⦅ධࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡘࡓࡀࠊ㬆㛛ࡢᬒほࡣ℩ᡞෆᾏᅜ❧බᅬࡢ୰࡛ࡣ㝶୍࡛࠶ࡾࠊཪᜍ
ࡽࡃ᪥ᮏ୍࡜⛠ࡋ࡚ࡶ㛫㐪ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ಙࡎࡿࠋ↛ࡋ㬆㛛ࡀኳୗ࡟㡪࠸࡚࠸ࡿᡤ௨ࡢࡶࡢࡣࡇ
ࡢ⨾ࡋ࠸ᬒⰍ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡚㬆㛛ᾏᓙࡢ₻ࡢ⃭ὶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣭࣭࣭㬆㛛࡜ゝ࠼ࡤవࡾࡢࡶࡇࡢ㦫ࡃ࡭ࡁ⃭₻࡟ࡼࡘ࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪㬆㛛ࡢᓥ࡟ୖࡘ࡚ぢࢀࡤᜍࡽࡃୡ⏺࡟⛥࡞ࡿ㞝኱ኊ㯇࡞ࡿᬒほࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣవࡾ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋஅࡣ௨๓Ọࡽࡃせሰᆅᖏ࡛࠶ࡘࡓⅭ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ᭦࡟ࡇࡢᓥ࡜㬆㛛ᕷ℩ᡞ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ୡ࡟ࡶ⛥࡞⨾ᬒࢆ㄂ࡿᑠ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࡢ࠶ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡶవࡾ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ࣭࣭࣭ࠖ
㸦ฟᡤ㸧⮬↛බᅬ㈈ᅋ 1950ࠗᅜ❧බᅬ࠘9㸦ᯇ஭ࡣᚨᓥ┴ィ⏬ㄢ㛗㸧ࠋྐᩱ㸵㸬℩ᡞෆᾏᅜ❧බᅬࡢᣑᙇ

▼⚄⏥Ꮚ㑻ࠕ᪤Ꮡࡢ℩ᡞෆᾏᅜ❧බᅬࡀࠊᮾࡣᑠ㇋ᓥ࠿ࡽࠊすࡣ㠞࡟⮳ࡿࠊᡤㅝഛㆭㅖᓥࡢ୍ᖏࡢࡳ
ࢆᣦᐃࡋࡓ࡟㐣ࡂࡎࠊ⣖ῐ࣭㬆㛛ᾏᓙ࠿ࡽࠊ㛵㛛ᾏᓙ࡟றࡿࠊᆅᙧᏛୖࡢ℩ᡞෆᾏࡢᩘศ
ࡢ୍࡟㐣ࡂࡠࡢࡣࠊᣦᐃᙜ᫬ࠊ඼௚ࡢ୺せ㒊ศࡀࠊせሰࡸ㌷➼ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ᣦᐃฟ᮶ࡎࠊ࣭

࣭࣭⨺㢌≸⫗ࡢឤ࡞ࡁࢆᚓ࡞࠿ࡘࡓࠋࠖ㸦ฟᡤ㸧⮬↛බᅬ㈈ᅋ 1950ࠗᅜ❧බᅬ࠘9ࠋ− 162 −

6࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᾏ㌷࡟ࡼࡿ㬆㛛せሰࡢ᝟ሗᢕᥱࠕせሰᆅᖏἲࠖ➼࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㬆㛛せሰ࠾ࡼࡧ⏤Ⰻせሰࡢせሰᆅᖏࡣࠊཝࡋ࠸ไ⣙࡟࠾࠿ࢀࠊ
ྡ຾ࡢᣦᐃᆅᣑ኱ࡀ㜼Ṇࡉࢀࠊ℩ᡞෆᾏᅜ❧බᅬ࡬ࡢ⦅ධࡀᐇ⌧ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀ
ࡽࠊࡣࡓࡋ࡚せሰ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᶵᐦࡣ⫢ᚰࡢእᅜ㸦ே㸧࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ಖᣢ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
၈⃝㟹ᙪࡢ◊✲࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊࣟࣂ࣮ࢺ࣭L࣭࣮࣋ࣜ኱ᑚ㸦ᾏ㌷᝟ሗᑗᰯ㸧ࡀࣟࢩ࢔ேṊᐁ࠿ࡽᚓࡓࠕᮾி‴ࠊ⣖ఀỈ㐨ࠊ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࠊ℩ᡞෆᾏከஂ㔝ᓥࠊ࿋ࠖࡢせሰ⠏ᇛࡢ᝟ሗࣇ࢓
࢖ࣝࡀ⡿ᅜ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ DC ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜᾏ㌷᝟ሗᒁ Office of Naval Intelligence㸦⌧ᅾ⡿ᅜᅜ❧බᩥ᭩㤋 NARA ᡤⶶ㸧࡟ಖᏑࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ONI ࡣ᪥Ύᡓதᚋࡢ⡿すᡓத㸦1898 ᖺ㸧๓࠿ࡽࢫ࣌࢖ࣥ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟᪥ᮏࢆࠕ₯ᅾᩛࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢἢᓊせሰ⠏ᇛࢆㄪᰝᑐ㇟࡟ධࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋㄪᰝࡢ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊせሰ௜㏆ࢆ
⯟⾜ࡍࡿ⯪⯧࠿ࡽ཮║㙾࡛どㄆࡋࡓࡾࠊ௚ᅜࡢ᝟ሗᑗᰯ࡜ࡢ᝟ሗ஺᥮ࠊ㝖㝲ࡋࡓ◙රර༞ࡸẸ㛫ே࠿ࡽࡢࠕ㛫ㅁࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ࡢㅁሗᡭẁࠖࢆ౑ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㅁሗάື࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓ
ࡽࢀࡓ ONI ᩥ᭩ࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡢᥦ౪ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࡣࠊࠕ⋢▼ΰ஺࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠕ᏶඲࡟ṇ☜࡞ᢕᥱ࡛ࠖᅗ 㸲࠿ࡽศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᾏ㌷࡟ࡼࡿ㬆㛛せሰᢕᥱࡢດຊࡣࠊせࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊᅗ
㸦12㸧ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ሰᆅᖏἲࡢᏑᅾ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠖ
ࠕ࠿࡞ࡾṇ☜࡟㬆㛛せሰࢆᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ

ᅗ㸲㸬㬆㛛せሰࡢࢫࢣࢵࢳ

ୖᅗ

1902㸦᫂἞ 35㸧ᖺࡢࢫࢣࢵࢳ

1909㸦᫂἞ 42㸧ᖺࡢ㬆㛛せሰ

NARA RG38 Entry98

ୗᅗNARA RG38 Entry98ᮾࡢᾏୖࡼࡾࡳࡓ 1902 ᖺࡢ㬆㛛せሰ
NARA RG38 Entry 98

㸦ฟᡤ㸧3 ᅗ࡜ࡶ၈⃝㟹ᙪ㸦2009㸧ࠋ− 163 −

㸰㸬ῐ㊰㕲㐨࡜㬆㛛ほග1

ῐ㊰㕲㐨ࡢタ❧1925㸦኱ṇ 14㸧ᖺ 6 ᭶࡟Ὢᮏ㺃⚟Ⰻ㛫࡛඲⥺㛤ᴗࡋࡓῐ㊰㕲㐨ࡣࠊῐ㊰ᓥࢆᮾす࡟ᶓ᩿ࡍࡿ඲㛗 23.4kmࠊ㌶㛫 1067mm 3 ࣇ࢕࣮ࢺ 6 ࢖ࣥࢳ㸧ࠊ17 ࡢ㥐ࢆ᭷ࡋࡓࠋ࣑ࢽ㕲㐨࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᆅ᪉㕲㐨ἲ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁᘓタࡉࢀࡓῐ㊰ᓥ༡㒊ࡢ㞟ⴠࠊほගᆅࢆ⤖ࡧࠕ㛵す⚾㕲ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡢ୍⩼ࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ 13 ࠋྠ㕲㐨ࡢタ❧࣭㛤㏻ࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒⦋ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࠋ

࣭1896㸦᫂἞29㸧ᖺ᪥ΎᡓதᚋࡢዲᬒẼࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ῐ㊰࡛ึࡵ࡚ࡢ㕲㐨᪋タィ⏬ࡀ⾲㠃໬ࠋῐ㊰ࡢ᭷ᚿࠊᓥእࡢ㕲㐨㛵ಀ⪅࡟ࡼࡿⓎ㉳ே఍⤖ᡂࠋ

࣭1897㸦᫂἞30㸧ᖺ㈨ᮏ㔠 85 ୓෇࡛ࠊὪᮏ㹼⚟ⰋࠊὪᮏ㹼⏤ⰋࠊὪᮏ㹼ᚿ⠏㛫 3 ࣝ
࣮ࢺ࡟㍍౽㕲㐨ࡢᩜタࢆ┠ㄽࡴࡀࠊ⏦ㄳࡣࡍ࡭࡚୙チྍࠋ

࣭1910 ᫂἞ 43㸧ᖺ

12 ᭶ࠊරᗜ┴▱஦ࡢෆㅙࢆᚓ࡚ࠊ୕ཎ㒆ࡢ㈨⏘ᐙ࣭㈡㞟᪂஑㑻ࠊ୰ᮧ㔜ḟ㑻ࡽ 25 ேࡀⓎ㉳ே࡜࡞ࡾࠊὪᮏ㺃⚟Ⰻ㛫ࡢ㕲㐨ᩜタィ⏬
࡟஌ࡾฟࡍࠋ

࣭1911㸦᫂἞ 44㸧ᖺ㕲㐨㝔࡟㕲㐨ᩜタචチ⏦ㄳࠋ࣭1912㸦኱ṇඖ㸧ᖺ

10 ᭶ 25 ᪥ࠊタ❧ㄆྍࠋ11 ᭶ 17 ᪥ࠊⓎ㉳ே⥲఍࡛஦ᴗෆᐜࢆࠕ㍍
౽㕲㐨ࢆᩜタࡋ୍⯡᪑ᐈ࠾ࡼࡧ㈌≀ࡢ㍺㏦ࢆႠࡴࠖࠋ
๰❧ጤဨ㛗࡟㈡㞟᪂஑㑻㸦ࡢࡕ♫㛗㸧ࢆ㑅ฟࡋࡓࡀࠊᰴᘧࡢᡶ࠸
㎸ࡳࡀ㐍ࡲࡎࠊ๰❧ᘏᮇࠋ

࣭1913 ኱ṇ 2㸧ᖺ

11 ᭶ 18 ᪥ࠊᨵࡵ࡚タ❧ㄆྍࢆཷࡅࡿࠋ

࣭1914㸦኱ṇ3㸧ᖺ

4 ᭶ 10 ᪥ࠊ๰❧⥲఍ࠋῐῐ㊰㕲㐨఍♫㸦㈨ᮏ㔠 45 ୓෇㸧Ⓨ㊊ࠋᗈ⏣ඵᖭ⚄♫ ⥳⏫㸧࡛㉳ᕤᘧࠋࡑࡢᚋ➨㸯ḟ኱ᡓຨⓎ࡛ࡢ≀౯㧗㦐ࡸ㈨㔠㞴ࠊᰴ୺㛫ࡢᑐ❧࡛ 2 ᗘࡢᕤ஦୰᩿ࠋ

࣭1919㸦኱ṇ 8㸧ᖺ

8 ᭶ 9 ᪥ࠊࠗ኱㜰ẖ᪥᪂⪺࠘ࡀῐ㊰㕲㐨࡛ࠕ࣐ࢲ㐠ືࡀ㊊ࡾࡠࠖ࡜ᙜ
ᒁ⪅ࡢㄯࢆᥖ㍕ࠋࠕ㕲㐨㝔࡛ࡣᅄᅜ⥺࡜㐃⤡ࡏࡋࡵࡿ࡟ࡣᮏᕤ஦ࢆ
᏶ᡂࡏࡋࡵࡿ࡜⌧ᅾࡢᑠᯇᓥ 㜿Ἴ ࡜රᗜ㛫ࡢỶ⯪㐃⤡࡟ẚࡋ᫬㛫࡟᪊࡚஧᫬㛫▷⦰ࡋᚓࡽࡿࠖࠕᮏ㕲㐨ࡀฟ᮶ࡓᬡ࡟ࡣ࣭࣭࣭㌷− 164 −

஦ୖ࠿ࡽࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せどࡉࢀ࡚ᒃࡿ⥺ࠖࠋ
࣭1921 ᖺ ኱ṇ 10㸧᪋⾜ᮇ㝈‶஢࡜࡞ࡿࡀ㕲㐨኱⮧ࡼࡾ 1 ᖺࡢᘏᮇࢆㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ
୕ཎ㒆఍ࠊὪᮏ⏫఍ࡢỴ㆟࡛ྛ 1 ୓෇ࡢ⿵ຓ㔠ࠋ

࣭1922㸦኱ṇ11㸧ᖺᖺ

11 ᭶ࠊὪᮏཱྀ㸦ࡢࡕᏱᒣ㸧㹼ᕷᮧ㛫㛤ᴗࠋ

࣭1925 ኱ṇ 14㸧ᖺ

6 ᭶ 1 ᪥ࠊ㈡㞟㹼⚟Ⰻ㛫❹ᕤࠊὪὪᮏ࣭⚟Ⰻ㛫 23.4 ੊඲⥺㛤㏻ࠋ
1 ᪥㹼 3 ᪥Ὢᮏ኱὾ᾏᓊ㸦බᅬ㸧࡟࡚඲⥺㛤㏻ᘧࠋ

ୖグᖺ⾲ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊῐ㊰㕲㐨タ❧ࡢㄆྍࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣ኱ṇඖᖺ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⤒῭≧
ἣࡀᝏࡃ㈨㔠ࡀ㞟ࡲࡽࡎࠊ๰❧ࡀᘏᮇࡉࢀࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᕤ஦ࡀ㐜ᘏࡋࠊ኱ṇᮎᮇ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ࡀ᏶஢ࡋࠊࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ㛤㏻࡟ࡇࡂ╔ࡅࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊῐ㊰㕲㐨ࡣ⏤Ⰻせሰࡢせሰᆅᖏෆ࡛ࡢᩜタࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ㐜ᘏ⌮⏤᭩ࠖ㸦 ྐᩱ㸶㸧 ࡸࠕせሰᆅᖏෆ㕲㐨᪋タࠖ⏦ㄳ᭩㸦ྐᩱ㸷㸧ࡀῐ㊰㕲㐨♫㛗㈡㞟᪂஑㑻ࡼࡾせሰྖ௧ᐁᐄ࡟ᥦฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ྐᩱ㸶㸬ࠕせሰᆅᖏෆ㕲㐨ᩜタチྍ⏦ㄳ㐜ᘏ⌮⏤᭩ᙜ♫ᆅ᪉㕲㐨㊰⥺ෆ⏤Ⰻせሰᆅᖏෆ㕲㐨ᩜタᕤ஦ࢽ㛵ࢩ኱ṇඖᖺ༑᭶஧༑භ᪥㝃ᚚチྍ┦
ᡂ᪩㏿ᕤ஦ࢽ╔ᡭྍ⮴➻ࣀ⹦⤒῭⏺ኚືࣀᙳ㡪୪ࢽ⏝ᆅ㈙཰㡾ࣝᅔ㞴ࢼࣜࢩⅭ࣓஦ᴗఇṆࣀ≧ែࢺ┦ᡂᒃೃ⹦኱ṇ༑୍ᖺཬ༑஧ᖺࢽ㈨㔠ㄪ㐩‫ڧڧ‬኱ṇ༑୕ᖺ༑୍᭶⏝ᆅ㈙཰᏶஢⮴ೃࢽ௜ᛴ㏿ᕤ஦ࢽ╔ᡭ⮴ೃ⹦せሰᆅᖏෆ㕲㐨ᩜタチྍ⏦ㄳࣤኻᛕ⮴ೃࣤ௒ᅇ‫ڧ‬ぢ❧௙ೃࢽ௜ᮏ⏦ㄳ᭩ࣤᥦฟࢫࣝḟ➨ࢽᚚᗙೃරᗜ┴ὠྡ㒆Ὢᮏ⏫
⏤Ⰻせሰྖ௧ᐁ

኱ṇ༑ᅄᖺ୕᭶༑஑᪥ῐ㊰㕲㐨ᰴᘧ఍♫

ྲྀ⥾ᙺ♫㛗

㈡㞟᪂஑㑻

㤶᳝⚽୍Ẋࠖ

ྐᩱ㸷㸬ࠕ⫔➨஬ࠐ୐ྕ せሰᆅᖏෆ㕲㐨ᩜタࢽ㛵ࢫࣝ௳ ➨஧஑ྕ せ᪥➨ᅄභྕ๪ᐁࣚࣜ⏤Ⰻせሰྖ௧ᐁ࣊㏻∭ ᐈ᭶஧༑භ᪥㈗㒊⤒⏤➨ᅄ஬භྕࣤ௨ࢸ㐍㐩ࢽಀࣝ㤳㢟ࣀ௳ྑࣁᕥグᮇ㛫ࢽ㝈ࣜㄆྍ┦ᡂೃᲄチྍドࣤ㢪ே࣊஺௜᪉ྲྀィ┦ᡂᗘೃஓ ㏣ࢸ↓チྍࢽࢸᕤ஦ࣤᐇ᪋ࢩࢱࣝせሰᆅᖏἲ㐪཯⾜Ⅽࢽ㛵ࢩࢸࣁ᠇රⱝࢡࣁ㆙ᐹᐁ᠇ࣤࢩࢸ᳨ᣲࣀ
ୖฎศࢭࢩ࣒ࣝᵝᡭ⥆ࢭࣛࣞᗘᑦྠἲ➨༑୐ᲄつᐃࣀ㝖ཤࣁஅࣤせࢭࢧࣝ൤ࢽ௜⏦ῧೃ⮬኱ṇ༑ᅄᖺᅄ᭶ᘨᣠ୐᪥ ⮳኱ṇ༑ᅄᖺ஑᭶ᘨᣠᅄ᪥ 㝣ᬑ➨୍஬භ஑ྕ
チྍド රᗜ┴ὠྡ㒆Ὢᮏ⏫ ῐ㊰㕲㐨ᰴᘧ఍♫ ྲྀ⥾ᙺ♫㛗

− 165 −㈡㞟᪂஑㑻୍ࠊᕤ஦ࣀ✀㢮
୍ࠊ఩⨨

㕲㐨᪋タ

රᗜ┴୕ཎ㒆⚟Ⰻ⏫㈡㞟ᮧቃ⏺ࣚࣜ⚟Ⰻᾏᓊㆤᓊ▼ᇉ䭟୍ࠊᮏド᭷ຠᮇ㝈⮬኱ṇ༑ᅄᖺᅄ᭶஧༑୐᪥
⮳኱ṇ༑ᅄᖺ஑᭶஧༑ᅄ᪥ࠖ

㸦ฟᡤ㸧JACAR ࢔ࢪ࢔Ṕྐ㈨ᩱࢭࣥࢱ࣮ Ref.C03012152400ࠊỌᏑ᭩㢮எ㞟➨㸱㢮➨㸰෉኱ṇ 14 ᖺ 㜵⾨┬㜵⾨◊✲ᡤ ࠋ2ῐ㕲࡜ほග஦ᴗ
1925㸦኱ṇ 14㸧ᖺ࡟඲⥺㛤㏻ࡋࡓῐ㊰㕲㐨ࡣࠊྐᩱ㸯㸮ࡢࡈ࡜ࡃࠊῐ㊰ᓥࡢᆅ᪉⤒῭ࡢ᣺⯆ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࠕእ᮶ほගᐈㄏ⮴ࠖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᡂᯝࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㧗ࡃホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋྐᩱ㸯㸮㸬ࠕᩥ໬ࡢ㧗పࢆ▱ࡽࢇ࡜ḧࡏࡤඛ࡙඼ࡢᆅࡢ஺㏻ᶵ㛵ࡢᩚྰࢆぢࡼࠖ࡜ᐇ࡟↛ࡾ࡛ῐ㊰㕲㐨ᰴᘧ఍♫ࡀὪᮏ⚟Ⰻ㛫༑஧ိࡀῐ㊰၏୍ࡢ஺㏻㐠㍺ᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ᆅ᪉⏘ᴗ⤒῭ࡢ㐍ᒎཬ඼௚୍⯡ᩥ໬ྥୖࡢ㔜せ࡞ࡿ౑࿨ࢆ㐙⾜ࡋṦ࡟㏆᫬እ᮶ほගᐈㄏ⮴࡟ດຊࡋᖺ࡜
ඹ࡟኱࠸࡟ぢࡿ࡭ࡁᡂ⦼ࢆᣲࡆࡓ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿㛫᥋࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ㎰஦ࡢᨵⰋ࡜࡞ࡾ᯿ᶲ᱂
ᇵ⋢ⵄࡢቑ⏘࡞࡝ዴఱ࡟ඃⰋ࡞ࡿᡂ⦼ࡒ஧༑୓ᓥẸㄡࢀ࠿Ḡᛌࢆྉࡤࡊࡿࡒ࣭࣭࣭
㸦ฟᡤ㸧኱ෆᕷ㑻⦅ 1941ࠗᰴ୺ࡼࡾぢࡓࡿῐ㕲࠘ῐ㕲ᮇ┒ྠᚿᅋࠊ6 㸫 7 㡫ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊྠ㕲㐨࡟ࡼࡿ㬆㛛ほ₻࡟㛵ࡍࡿほග஦ᴗࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡳ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋࡲࡎࠊ
1932㸦᫛࿴ 7㸧ᖺ࡟⇞ᩱ㈝ࡢ࠿࠿ࡿ⵨Ẽᶵ㛵㌴ࢆࡸࡵ࡚㏿ᗘࡢฟࡿ࢞ࢯࣜࣥ㌴ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ㡭࠿ࡽࠊࠕ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ほගᐈㄏ⮴ࠖ࡟஌ࡾฟࡋࡓࠋ⩣ 1933 ᖺ 4 ᭶࡟ࡣࠕ㬆㛛ほ₻㐃⤡ๆࠖࢆ
Ⓨ኎ࡋࠊ34 ᖺ 3 ᭶࡟ࡣ኱㜰ᕷෆ࡟᪑⾜㸦᪑ᐈ㸧᱌ෆᡤࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓࠋ1939 ᖺ 4 ᭶࡟ி㜰⚄ 9㟁㕲࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࠕ㬆㛛ほ₻㐃⤡㐠㍺ࠖࢆ㛤ጞࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠕ㬆㛛ほ₻ࠊேᙧί⍠⍵㚷㈹ࠊࢫ࢖ࢭࣥぢᏛ࡞࡝ࢆ࿧ࡧ࠿ࡅࡿ PR ࡜ཷࡅධࢀ࡟♫ࢆᣲࡆ࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࠊᚎࠎ࡟͆ほගῐ㕲͇ࡀ▱ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠖ࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ 14 ࠋ

− 166 −

ᕥࡢ෗┿ࡣࠊ1939 ᖺ࡟ῐ㊰㕲㐨ࡀⓎ⾜ࡋࡓࠗ⪷ᆅῐ㊰ᓥ࡛࠘࠶ࡿࠋྠ᭩ࡣࠊࠕῐ㊰ࢆㄒࡿࠖ㸦Ọ⏣⚽ḟ㑻㸧ࠊࠕ᩿❶㺃ῐ㊰ࠖ㸦▼ᕝḯ୍㸧ࠊࠕ࠾ࡢࡇࢁᓥ⣖⾜ࠖ㸦ྂᯘၿ἞㸧࡞
࡝ 5 ⦅ࡢ⣖⾜ᩥࢆ཰㍕ࡋࠊྛ⣖⾜ᩥ࡟ࡣ㛵㐃ࡍࡿῐ㊰㕲㐨ࡢ஌㝆㌴㥐ྡࡀグ㍕ࡉࢀࠊほග᱌ෆ᭩࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ15 ᯛ࡯࡝ࡢῐ㊰ࡢ㢼ᬒ෗┿࡞࡝ࢆ༳ๅࡋࡓูๅࡾ
࣮࣌ࢪࡀᤄධࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᕳᮎ࡟ࡣῐ㊰ᓥࡢᆅᅗࡀᢡࡾ
㎸ࡲࢀࡓ 30 㡫వࡾࡢ෉Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ྠ᭩ࢆᡭ࡟ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᑠ෉Ꮚ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᆅ᪉ࡢᑠつᶍ࡞㕲㐨఍♫ࡀ௻⏬ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞ฟ∧≀࡛࠶ࡾࠊῐ㊰㕲㐨ࡢほග஦ᴗ࡬ࡢྲྀࡾ
⤌ࡳࡢᙉ࠸ពḧࢆឤࡌࡉࡏࡿࠋῐ㊰㕲㐨ࡣᡓᚋࡶ㬆㛛ほග㸦ほ₻㸧࡟ຊࢆධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠗ᪑࠘㸦1997 ᖺ 1 ᭶ྕ㸧࡟ࡣࠕὪᮏ࠿ࡽ஌㌴ࡋࡓከࡃࡢほගᐈࡣ⚟Ⰻࡲ࡛⾜ࡁࠊᚨᓥࡢᒸᓮࡲ࡛ほ₻⥺࡟஌ࡗࡓࡾࠊࡲࡓᐃ
ᮇ౽࡟஌ࡗࡓࠋ㜿Ἴ㋀ࡾࡢᏘ⠇࡟ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢ㟁㌴ࡀ㉮ࡾࠊ᭶ぢࠊᱵぢ࡞࡝࡟ࡶ⮫᫬౽ࡀฟࡓࠖ㸦185 㡫㸧࡜⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୙ᐃᮇᛴ⾜ࡣࠊほ₻࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚Ὢᮏ㺃⚟Ⰻ㛫ࢆ↓೵㌴ 36ศ࡛㉮ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠕほගῐ㕲ࠖࡣࠊி㜰⚄࠿ࡽࡢほගᐈࡀ㬆㛛ほ₻ࡢࠕ᪥ᖐࡾほගࠖࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡶ୙ྍḞ࡞Ꮡᅾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊྠᴗ௚♫࡜ࡢ༠ຊ㛵ಀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㬆㛛ほග࠿ࡽඛࡢᚨᓥ┴ࡢほගᆅ࡟᪑⾜ᐈࢆㄏ࠺ᙺ๭ࡶᯝࡓࡋࡓࠋ
1935 ᫛࿴ 10㸧ᖺ࡟Ⓨ⾜ࡉࢀࡓࠗῐ㊰㜿Ἴᘔ㐟࠘ࡣࠊῐ㊰㕲㐨ࢆࡣࡌࡵᦤ㝧ၟ⯪ࠊ㜿ῐ㐃⤡Ỷ⯪ࠊ᧙㣴⮬ື㌴ࠊ㜿༡⮬ື㌴༠఍ࠊ㜿༡㕲㐨఍♫⮬ື㌴㒊ࠊ㜿ἼᅜඹྠỶ⯪ࡢ 7 ♫ࡀඹྠ࡛Ⓨ⾜ࡋࡓ࣮ࣜࣇࣞࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋୗグࡢࡼ࠺࡟ῐ㊰ᓥࡢྡᡤᪧ㊧ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊ㬆㛛ほ₻ࡸᚨᓥࡢほගᆅࡢࠕᘔ㐟ࠖࢆᥦ᱌ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ7 ♫ࡢ஺㏻ᶵ㛵ࢆ஌ࡾ⥅ࡄࣔࢹࣝࢥ
࣮ࢫࢆ᱌ෆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⾲⣬ࡢ࢖ࣛࢫࢺ࡛ศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ῐ㊰ᓥࢆᶓ᩿ࡍࡿῐ㊰㕲㐨ࡀࠕᘔ㐟ࠖࡢ࡞࠿࡛㔜せ࡞఩⨨࡟࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ

− 167 −

ᘔ㐟ࢥ࣮ࢫ
኱㜰㺃⚄ᡞ㹼Ὢᮏ㛫ᦤ㝧ၟ⯪

2 ᫬㛫 ᛴ⾜㸧࠙Ὢᮏᇛ㊑࣭୕⇃ᒣ࣭኱὾බᅬࠚ
Ὢᮏ㹼⚟Ⰻ㛫

ῐ㊰㕲㐨࢞ࢯ࣮ࣜࣥ࢝ 53 ศࠊࣂࢫ 1 ᫬㛫࠙ඛᒣ࣭㩗ᒇࡢ℧࣭࠾ࡢࡇࢁᓥ⚄♫㺃ୖ⏣ụබᅬ㺃῟ோኳⓚᚚ㝠ࠚ⚟Ⰻ㹼᧙㣴㛫

㜿ῐ㐃⤡Ỷ⯪1 ᫬㛫࠙➉ᓥ㺃㬆㛛ほ₻㺃㬆㛛බᅬࠚࠚ᧙㣴㹼ᚨᓥ㛫

᧙㣴⮬ື㌴

40 ศ

࠙᧙㣴ࠚ
ᚨᓥ㹼ᑠᯇᓥ㛫㜿༡⮬ື㌴༠఍ࠊ
㜿༡㕲㐨఍♫⮬ື㌴㒊

20 ศ࠙༑㑻ර⾨ᒇᩜ࣭ኤࡂࡾሯ࣭
ᚨᓥබᅬ࣭┱ᒣබᅬ࣭❧Ụᑎ㺃ᑠᯇᓥᾏỈᾎሙࠚᑠᯇᓥ㹼኱㜰㛫

3ᦤ㝧ၟ⯪ࠊ㜿ἼᅜඹྠỶ⯪7 ᫬㛫ῐ㊰㕲㐨ࡢ཰ᨭཬࡧ஌ဨᩘࡢ᥎⛣⾲㸳࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ๰ᴗ࠿ࡽ 1956㸦᫛࿴ 31㸧ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢῐ㊰㕲㐨ࡢ⤒Ⴀ≧ἣࢆࡳ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋ

− 168 −

ྠ♫ࡣ 1943㸦᫛࿴ 18㸧ᖺ 6 ᭶࡟඲ῐ⮬ື㌴࡜ྜేࡋࠊ఍♫ྡࢆῐ㊰஺㏻࡜ᨵ⛠ࡋࡓࠋ㕲㐨ࡣࠕῐ㊰஺㏻㕲㐨⥺ࠖ࡜࡞ࡾ㺂㕲㐨࡜ࣂࢫ஦ᴗࢆවႠࡍࡿ௻ᴗ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸦࡞࠾ࠊグ㏙
ୖࡣࠕῐ㊰㕲㐨ࠖ࡜ࡍࡿ㸧ࠋ
ྜే᫬Ⅼ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡍ࡛࡟཰ධ㠃࡛ࡣ⮬ື㌴ࡀ㕲㐨ࢆୖᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㕲㐨ࡢ཰ධࠊ஌ᐈ
ᩘ࡜ࡶ᫛࿴ 20 ᖺ௦ࡢࡣࡌࡵࡲ࡛ࡣఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ࣮ࣔࢱࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᛴ㏿࡞㐍ᒎࡢ࡞
࠿࡛ࠊ20 ᖺ௦༙ࡤ௨㝆ࡣ㕲㐨ࡢ஌ᐈᩘࡀⴠࡕ㎸ࡳࡣࡌࡵࡓࠋ

⾲㸳㸬ῐ㊰㕲㐨㸦஺㏻㸧ࡢ཰ධࠊ஌ဨᩘࡢ᥎⛣೧ୖẁ㸸㕲㐨ࠊୗẁ㸸ࣂࢫफ೘ ԃʥ ৒ҽ਼ʤਕʥ ॊ ‫ ۂ‬ҽ
਼ʤਕʥ

୉





 ݆ ֋௪ࣞɼӋࢃōࢤଞؔʤᶵʥ֋௪







 ̖݆ ଁࣁɼࣁຌۜຬԃɼ݆ ࢤଞʀծॄؔ֋௪







 ݆̓ ഓ౲֋࢟ʤ༑઎‫ה‬෾ɼ෕௪෾ʥ







 ݆̓ ळຌōӋࢃؔ֋௪ɼ݆̔ ծॄʀෳྒྷؔ֋௪ͶΓΕસત֋௪









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









 ݆̑ ࣙಊऄࣆ‫࢟֋ۂ‬







 ݆̒ ୸࿑ॐؑࣙಊऄઅཱི























 ݆̓ ΪλϨϱ‫ٮ‬ऄӣ఺֋࢟







 ݆̒ ໒໵؏ொ࿊ཙ‫݌‬൅ജ







 ݆̑ ୉ࡗͶྃߨҌ಼ॶઅ஖ɼ݆̕ ୸࿑ࣙಊऄഛफ























 ݆ ࢤଞ஦ԟνέεʖഛफ















 ݆ ‫ࡗښ‬ਈ̗ురͳ໒໵؏ொ࿊ཙӣ༎֋࢟দ݆ ࢝ࠅ঴તͳ࿊ଵӣ༎֋࢟

− 169 −







 ݆ ੡ஏ୸࿑‫ݨ‬ঞճ൅ًઅཱིɼ݆ ੡ஏ୸࿑ఴ֋࠷ ୉ࡗɼ℆ౣ
͵ʹʥ







 ݆ ໎੶ɼ໒໵ք‫ڨ‬௤ಕరಕ‫ݒ‬અଇ਒ӣಊ֋࢟ ़Ӆ੧‫୔ࡀب‬ʥ







 ݆ ࢀ‫ࣙݬ‬ಊऄഛफ







 ݆ ໎੶ɼ໒໵ք‫ڨ‬௤ಕరಕ‫غݒ‬੔ಋ໏ճ݃੔













फ೘ ԃʥ

৒ҽ਼ʤਕʥ೧݆ સ୸ࣙಊऄͳ߻ญɼ݆ ୸࿑ި௪‫ࣞה‬ճऀͳঐߺรߍॊ ‫ ۂ‬ҽ
਼ʤਕʥ

দ



































































 ݆ ೈքురΓΕుऄྈ߬೘ɼ݆ రಕుԿॣ޽݆ ໒໵ຶͶώϱΪϫʖɼৱಌɼജవࢬઅ

 ݆ ຌౖɼ୸࿑ɼ࢝ࠅ௜௪ӣ༎‫غ‬੔ಋ໏ճ൅ଏ݆̕ ໒໵ຶͶώϱΪϫʖ౫ ݆ ؏ޭώηӨ‫࢟֋ۂ‬





− 170 −

























 ݆ ୸࿑νέεʖઅཱི ݆ ୉ࡗ߶ౣԲͲ୸࿑ఴ݆ ೈքురΓΕుऄྈ߬೘

㸦ฟᡤ㸧ῐ㊰஺㏻ 1956ࠗῐ㊰஺㏻୕༑஬ᖺࡢṌࡳ࠘ࠊῐ㊰஺㏻ 1964ࠗ๰❧஬༑ᖺ୪㕲㐨඲㏻ᅄ༑ᖺࡢṌࡳ࠘ࠋῐ㊰㕲㐨ࠊ᭱ึࡢỶ㌴㸦኱ṇ 11 ᖺ㡭㸧ῐ㊰㕲㐨ࠊึᮇࡢ㟁㌴

㸦ฟᡤ㸧ࠗ┠࡛ぢࡿῐ㊰ᓥࡢ 100 ᖺ࠘ࠋ㸦ฟᡤ㸧ࠗࡦࡻ࠺ࡈ᠜࠿ࡋࡢ㕲㐨࠘ࠋ

4㕲㐨஦ᴗࡢᗫṆ➨ 2 ḟ኱ᡓᚋ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊῐ㊰㕲㐨ࡣ࢞ࢯࣜࣥ୙㊊࠿ࡽ 1948 ᫛࿴ 23㸧ᖺ 2 ᭶࡟඲⥺ࢆ㟁໬ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ㕲㐨㊰⥺ࡢᘏ㛗ࢆ௻ᅗࡋࠊὪᮏ㺃ᒾᒇ㛫ࡢ㕲㐨ᩜタ⏦ㄳࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㊰⥺ᘏ㛗ࡀᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤࠊῐ㕲ࡣᒾᒇ࠿ࡽὪᮏࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚⚟Ⰻ࡟⮳ࡿῐ㊰ᓥࢆ⦪᩿ࡍࡿ㕲㐨࡜࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢ㐠࿨ࡶ኱ࡁࡃ࠿ࢃࡗࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࢞ࢯࣜࣥࡀฟᅇ
ࡾጞࡵࠊࣂࢫ஦ᴗࡀዲㄪ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ㕲㐨ᣑᙇࡣ᩿ᛕࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢᚋࡶࠊῐ㊰㕲㐨ࡣࠕ㏻໅㺃㏻Ꮫᐈࡸ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࡢ࠺ࡎ₻ࡢほගᐈ࡛㈰ࢃࡗࡓࠖࡀࠊ᫛
࿴ 30 ᖺ௦࡟ධࡿ࡜ࠕᓥࡢ㐨㊰ᩚഛࡀ㐍ࡳࠊ࣐࢖࣮࢝ࠊ኱ᆺࣂࢫࠊࣇ࢙࣮ࣜࡢ኱ᨷໃ࡛㕲㊰ࡣࠊḟ➨࡟ࡉࡧࢀ࡚ࠖ࠸ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ᫛࿴ 30 ௦ᚋ༙࡟ࡣࠕ㌴࡛ほගᆅ࡬┤⾜ࡍࡿ᪂ࡋ࠸஺㏻ࡢὶࢀ࡟ኚࠖࡗࡓ 15 ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ1966 ᖺ ᫛࿴ 41㸧ୖᮇỴ⟬࡛ࠊ㟁㌴㒊㛛ࡢ⣼✚㉥Ꮠࡀ 9,000 ୓෇࡟㐩ࡋࠊ9− 171 −

᭶ 30 ᪥࡟ῐ㊰㕲㐨ࡣᗫṆࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ 16 ࠋ㸱㸬༡ᾏ㟁㕲ࡢࠕ኱༡ᾏᅪࠖᵓ᝿

1༡ᾏ㟁㕲࡜ῐ㊰㕲㐨࡜ࡢᴗົᥦᦠ
༡ᾏ㟁㕲࡜ῐ㊰㕲㐨㸦ῐ㊰஺㏻㸧࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣࠊ༡ᾏ㟁㕲࠿ࡽῐ㊰㕲㐨࡬ࡢ㌴㍗ࡢㆡΏࡸῐ㊰࠿ࡽ༡ᾏ࡬஌ົဨࡀฟྥࡋࠊᩍ⫱࡞࡝ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᴗົᥦᦠ㛵ಀࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓ 17༡ᾏ㟁㌴ࡀி㜰⚄ࡢほගᐈ࡟່ࡵࡓ㬆㛛ほ₻ࡣࠊ኱㜰࡞ࢇࡤ࠿ࡽ῝᪥⤒⏤࡛ῐ㊰ᓥࡢ

Ὢᮏ࡟Ώࡿ༡ᾏỶ⯪㸦1 ᪥ 2  ᚟ࠊ㛵すỶ⯪ࡀ 1 ᪥ 5  ᚟ࠊ1961 ᖺ࠿ࡽࡣ኱㜰‴⯟㏦⯪㸦༡ᾏ⣔ิࡢࣇ࢙࣮ࣜࡀ㐠⯟㸧࡟஌⯪ࡋࠊὪᮏ࠿ࡽࡣῐ㊰㕲㐨࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣂࢫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⚟Ⰻ࡟⾜ࡁࠊࡇࡇ࡛ほ₻⯪࡬஌⯪ࡋ࡚ほ₻ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ㬆㛛ほගࡢᐃ␒࣮ࣝࢺࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ⚟Ⰻ࠿ࡽࣂࢫ࡛㛛ᓮࡲ࡛⾜ࡁࠊ㬆㛛ᓁ࠿ࡽほ₻ࡍࡿ࣮ࣝࢺࡶ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
᫛࿴ 30 ᖺ௦࡟༡ᾏ㟁㌴ࡀⓎ⾜ࡋࡓࠕ㬆㛛ほ₻ࠖ᱌ෆࡢ࣮ࣜࣇࣞࢵࢺࡢ୍㒊ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ୰ࡢ஺㏻ᅗࡸࠕ࠾ᴦ࡞᪥ᖐࡾࢥ࣮ࢫࠖࡢㄝ࡛᫂ࡶศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ༡ᾏ㟁㌴ࠊ༡ᾏỶ⯪࡟ࡼࡿ㬆㛛ほ₻ࡢࠕ᪥ᖐࡾほගࠖࢆ⾜࠺ሙྜࡣࠊῐ㊰஺㏻࡜ࡢ༠ຊ࣭ᥦᦠ㛵ಀࢆ⤌ࡴࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡣࡌࡵ࡚ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚋ㏙ࡢࠕ኱༡ᾏᅪࠖᙧᡂ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶῐ㊰㕲㐨㸦ῐ㊰஺㏻㸧ࡣ୙ྍḞࡢᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

༡ᾏ㟁㌴࡟ࡼࡿࠕ㬆㛛ほ₻ࠖ᱌ෆ࣮ࣜࣇࣞࢵࢺձ ࠕᾏὒࡢ㟷᫓㸟㬆㛛ほ₻ࠖ㸦1953 ᖺ㸧⾲⣬− 172 −

ղࠕ㬆㛛ほ₻ࠖⓎ⾜ᖺ୙ヲ
⿬⾲ぢ㛤ࡁ

࠙ෆ
ෆഃぢ㛤ࡁ࣮࣌ࢪࠚ
ࠕ࠾ᴦ࡞᪥ᖐࡾࢥ࣮ࢫࠖ
㸦ࡺࡁ㸧࡞ࢇࡤ㸦8.10㸧Ѝ῝᪥ЍὪᮏ

㸦9.30 Ⓨ㸧

㸦11.10 ╔㸧ࠊЍὪᮏᕷЍ⚟ⰋЍ㬆㛛ほ₻㸦ࣂࢫࡲࡓࡣほ₻⯪㸧㸦ᖐࡾ㸧㬆㛛ほ₻ Ѝ⚟ⰋЍὪᮏ㥐ЍὪᮏ

㸦17.10 Ⓨ㸧Ѝ῝᪥

㸦18.50 ╔㸧Ѝ࡞ࢇࡤ㸦20.10 ╔㸧ճࠕ㬆㛛ほ₻ࡢᰭࠖ㸦1951 ᖺ㸧ぢ㛤ࡁ− 173 −

2༡ᾏᅄᅜࣛ࢖ࣥ
༡ᾏ㟁㕲ࡣࠊ᫛࿴ 30 ᖺ௦࡟ୗグᖺ⾲ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᅄᅜ㐃⤡⯟㊰ࡢᩚഛ࡜ᚨᓥ┴ෆࡢ஺㏻

ᶵ㛵࡬ࡢᢞ㈨ࢆ㐍ࡵࠊࡑࢀࢆ࡚ࡇ࡟ᅄᅜ࡬ࡢ㐍ฟࢆᅗࡾጞࡵࡓࠋ

࣭1956 ᖺ ᫛࿴ 31

5 ᭶ 6 ᪥ࠊ༡ᾏ㟁㕲๰❧ 70 ࿘ᖺグᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚ᅄ
ᅄᅜ⯟㊰㛤タࠋ࿴ḷᒣ㺃࿴ḷᒣ࿴ḷᒣ

࣭1957 ᖺ ᫛࿴ 32㛫㛤ᴗࠋ㞴Ἴ࠿ࡽ┤㏻ิ㌴㐠㌿ࠋ㺃ᑠᯇᓥ㐃⤡⯟㊰࡟ࠕ༡ᾏ୸ࠖࠊ⩣ᖺࠕࢃ࠿୸ࠖᑵ⯟ࠋ

3 ᭶ࠊ༡ᾏ஺㏻♫ࠊᚨᓥႠᴗᡤタ⨨ࠋ࣭1958 ᖺ ᫛࿴ 33㸧 1 ᭶ࠊࠕ༡ᾏ୸ࠖ஦ᨾࠋ
࣭1961ᖺ ᫛࿴36

3 ᭶ࠊᚨᓥࣂࢫ࡟⤒Ⴀཧຍ ᚨࣂࢫ࣭࣭ᚨᓥ┴ୗࠊ㤶ᕝ┴኱ᕝ㒆ࠊ㧗▱┴Ᏻⱁ㒆࡟ 12 Ⴀᴗᡤࠊ㌴୧ 434 ୧࡛Ⴀᴗࠊ㬆㛛Ỉ᪘㤋ࡢ⤒Ⴀ㸧ࠋ࣭1961 ᖺ ᫛࿴ 36

6 ᭶ࠊᚨᓥࣂࢫ࡟㛤㛤Ⓨᐊタ⨨ࠋ༡ᾏ࠿ࡽฟྥࡢຍ℩୍㑻ᐊ㛗ࡢୗ࡛㸪ほග㛤Ⓨ➼ࢆ❧᱌ࠋ

࣭1961 ᖺ ᫛࿴ 36༡ᾏ୙ື⏘ࠊᅜᅜ㝿ほග᪑㤋ࠕ㬆㛛ࠖ㈙཰ࠊ⤒Ⴀ࡟஌ࡾฟࡍࠋ

࣭1961 ᖺ ᫛࿴ 36

11 ᭶ࠊᚨᓥࣂࢫࠊ㬆㬆㛛ࢱࢡࢩ࣮㈙཰ࠋ

࣭1961 ᖺ ᫛࿴ 36

12 ᭶ࠊ༡ᾏ࡜ᚨᓥࣂࢫ㒔ࡢඹྠฟ㈨࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚨ
ᚨᓥ༡ᾏࢱࢡࢩ࣮タ❧ࠊᚨᓥࠊ㬆㛛ࠊᑠᯇᓥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ 47 ㍗࡛Ⴀᴗࠋ

࣭1962ᖺ ᫛࿴37

ᅄᅜ୺せ㒔ᕷ࡬ࡢ㐲㊥㞳᥋⥆ࢆᅜ㕲࡟せㄳࠋࢹ࢕࣮ࢮ࣮ࣝ࢝᪂㐀㈝ࡢ฼⏝മ 8 ୧ศ㸧ࢆ༡ᾏ㟁㌴ࡀᘬࡁཷࡅࠋྠᖺ 4 ᭶ᑠᯇᓥ㹼㧗▱㺃ከᗘὠ㛫 1 ᪥ 2  ᚟ ከᗘὠࡣ 1  ᚟㸧‽ᛴࠕ࠶ࡉࠖྕࠖࠊ⩣ 38 ᖺ 2᭶ࠊከᗘὠ⾜ࡁࢆᯇᒣࡲ࡛ᘏ㛗ࠊ‽ᛴࠕ࠸ࡋ࡙ࡕྕࠖ㐠㌿㛤ጞࠋЍ༡ᾏᅄᅜࣛ࢖ࣥࡢ㢳ᐈᕷሙࡀᅄᅜ඲ᇦ࡟ᣑ኱
࣭1963 ᖺ ᫛࿴ 38༡ᾏ㟁㌴ࠊᅄᅜ㐃⤡ࡢࠕ࠶ࢃྕࠖ
ࠕ࡜ࡉྕࠖࢆ≉Ṧ≉ᛴ࡟᱁ୖࡆࠊ1 ᪥ 4 ᚟ࡢ඲ิ㌴࡟ ᗙᖍᣦᐃไ᥇⏝ࠊ஌㌴ๆࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆタ⨨ࠋ฼⏝ᐈᖺ㛫 20 ୓ேࠋ᪂㐀⯪ࠕࡼࡋࡢ୸ࠖ1241 ࢺࣥᑵ⯟ࠋ

࣭1964 ᖺ ᫛࿴ 39

4 ᭶ࠊᚨᓥ༡ᾏࢱࢡࢩ࣮ࠊ㬆㛛ࢱࢡࢩ࣮㈙཰ࠋ

࣭1964ᖺ ᫛࿴39

4᭶ࠊᚨᓥࣂࢫࠊ㬆㬆㛛බᅬ࣊ࣝࢫࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦ࡢࡕ㬆㛛බᅬ࣍ࢸࣝ㸧㛤ᴗࠋ

࣭1964 ᖺ ᫛࿴ 39

12 ᭶ࠊ༡ᾏᚨࣂࢫࣅࣝࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ୍㒊Ⴀᴗ㛤ጞࠊ⩣ᖺ 1 ᭶❹ᕤࠋ

࣭1964 ᖺ ᫛࿴ 39 ᮎ᪥ᮏ᭱኱ࡢᐈ㈌ව⏝⯪࣮࢝࢝ࣇ࢙࣮ࣜࠕࡁ࠸୸ࠖ3000 ࢺࣥᑵ⯟ࠋ༡ᾏᅄᅜࣛ࢖ࣥࠊ1 ᪥ 7  ᚟ࠋ࣭1965 ᖺ㸦᫛࿴ 40㸧༡ᾏᅄᅜࣛ࢖ࣥࠊᖺ㛫฼⏝᪑ᐈ㸪㛤タᙜึࡢ 5 ಸ 100 ୓ேࠊすࡢᏱ㧗㐃⤡࡜୪ࡪᅄᅜ㐃⤡ࡢ኱ᖿ⥺࡟ᡂ㛗ࠋ㸦ฟᡤ㸧ࠗ᭱㏆ࡢ 10 ᖺ㸫༡ᾏ 80 ࿘ᖺグᛕㄅ㸫࠘ࠋ

− 174 −

ୖグࡢᖺ⾲ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ1956㸦᫛࿴ 31㸧ᖺ࡟༡ᾏ㟁㕲ࡣᅄᅜ⯟㊰ࢆ㛤タࡋࠊ࡞ࢇࡤ㺃࿴ḷᒣ࣭ᚨᓥࢆ⤖ࡪ࣮ࣝࢺࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࠊᚨᓥ┴ෆ࡛ᚨᓥࣂࢫ࡬ࡢ⤒Ⴀཧຍࢆ⓶ษࡾ࡟ࠊࢱ
ࢡࢩ࣮஦ᴗࡸ࣍ࢸࣝ⤒Ⴀ࡟ཧධࡋࡓࠋ
1961㸦᫛࿴ 36㸧ᖺ 3 ᭶ࡢ༡ᾏ㟁㕲ࡢᚨᓥࣂࢫ࡬ࡢ⤒Ⴀཧຍࡣࠊᚨᓥࣂࢫ♫㛗୕ᮌ୚ྜྷ㑻ࡀࠕ኱㜰ࠊ⣖ఀࢆ᰿ᣐ࡟ᚨᓥ࡟࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣῐ㊰࡟ࠊ኱஺㏻࣮ࣝࢺࢆᣢࡕࠊ࠿ࡘほග஦ᴗ࡟⤒㦂ࡢ࠶ࡿ༡ᾏ㟁㕲࡜ᡭࢆ⤖ࡧࠊࡑࡢே࡜㈨㔠࡛ࡶࡗ࡚ᚨᓥ┴ࡢほග㛤Ⓨ࡟ᐤ୚ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ
࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ఍♫ࡢࡓࡵࠊ┴ࡢࡓࡵ᭱ࡶ㐺ษ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࠕᮏ┴ほග㛤Ⓨ࡜ᙜ♫ࡢᑗ᮶ࡢࡼࡾ
኱ࡁ࠸Ⓨᒎ࡟ഛ࠼࡚㈨ᮏᥦᦠࡍࡿࠖ࡜ࡢࠕពᅗࠖ࠿ࡽ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ఍♫⥲ᰴᩘࡢ 3 ศࡢ 1 ࢆ༡ᾏ㟁㕲㛵ಀ⪅࡟ㆡΏࡋࠊ୕ᮌ♫㛗࡜ 8 ேྲྀ⥾ᙺࠊ2 ேࡢ┘ᰝ⣙ࡢ඲ᙺဨࡀ㎡௵ࡋࠊ༡ᾏഃ࠿ࡽኑ⏣ಟ㸦༡ᾏ♫㛗㸧ࡽ 6 ྲྀ⥾ᙺࠊ3 ┘ᰝᙺࡀ᪂ࡓ࡟ᑵ௵
ࡋࠊᚨࣂࢫᮏ♫࠿ࡽ 3 ྲྀ⥾ᙺࡀᑵ௵ࡋࠊᚨᓥࣂࢫࡣ༡ᾏ㈨ᮏࡢചୗ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢᚋࠊ⤒Ⴀཧຍࡋࡓ༡ᾏࡢ୺ᑟୗࠊ1961 ᫛࿴ 36 ᖺ 6 ᭶࡟ࠊᚨᓥࣂࢫෆ࡟㛤Ⓨᐊࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࠊ༡ᾏ࠿ࡽฟྥࡢຍ℩୍㑻ᐊ㛗ࡢୗ࡛㸪ほග㛤Ⓨ➼ࡀ❧᱌ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ 18 ࠋ༡ᾏ࣭ᚨᓥࣂࢫࡣ 㬆㛛࡛ࡣᅜ㝿ほග᪑㤋ࠕ㬆㛛ࠖࡢ㈙཰ࡸ㬆㛛ࢱࢡࢩ࣮㈙཰࡞࡝ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊほගᆅ࣭㬆㛛࡬ࡢ㐍ฟ࡟ࡶຊࢆධࢀࡣࡌࡵࡓࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊ༡ᾏࡣᅄᅜ⯟㊰࡜ᅜ㕲ࡢ㐲㊥㞳㒔ᕷ㐃⤡ࢆᕼᮃࡋࠊᅜ㕲ࡢ ࢹ࢕࣮ࢮ࣮ࣝ࢝᪂㐀㈝ࡢ฼⏝മ 8 ୧ศ㸧ࢆ༡ᾏ㟁㌴ࡀᘬࡁཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᅄᅜࡢ୺せ㒔ᕷ࡜⤖ࡤࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊ

ᮏᕞ࡜ᅄᅜࢆ⤖ࡪ୰ᚰⓗ࡞ࠕࣅࢪࢿࢫࣛ࢖ࣥࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᛶ᱁ࢆᙉࡵ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ
୍᪉࡛ῐ㊰ࣛ࢖ࣥࡣࠊࠕᖺ୰࡟ࡂࢃ࠺㬆㛛ほ₻ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸪ኟࡢᾏỈᾎࠊ࢟ࣕࣥࣉࠊᓥࡵࡄ
ࡾ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾὪᮏࠊ⏤Ⰻࡉࡽ࡟すᾏᓊࡢ៞㔝ᯇཎࠊ஬Ⰽࡢ὾࡞࡝࡬ࡢ᪑ᐈࡀቑຍࡋࠊ㐃⤡฼⏝ᐈᩘࡣࠊᖺ㛫 48 ୓ே࡟㐩ࡋ࡚ࠖ࠾ࡾࠊࠕほගࣛ࢖ࣥࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᛶ᱁ࡀᙉ࠿ࡗࡓ 19 ࠋ

3 ࠕ኱༡ᾏᅪࠖᵓ᝿
ᡓ๓࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᦤ㝧ၟ⯪ࡸ㜿ἼᅜඹྠỶ⯪ࡀ኱㜰࣭රᗜ࣭ᚨᓥࠊ኱㜰࣭රᗜ࣭Ὢᮏ࣭⚟Ⰻ➼ࡢᐃᮇ⯟㊰ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ༡ᾏ㟁㕲ࡣᅄᅜࡸῐ㊰࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᣢࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗ
ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᡓᚋ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ㍺㏦ຊࢆቑᙉࡉࡏタഛࡢ㏆௦໬ࢆࡣ࠿ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟Ꮿᆅ㛤Ⓨࡸほග㛤Ⓨ஦ᴗ࡟ࡶ✚ᴟⓗ࡟஌ࡾฟࡍ୍᪉࡛ࠊῐ㊰㕲㐨㸦ῐ㊰஺㏻㸧࡜ࡢ㐃ᦠᙉ໬ࢆࡍࡍࡵࠊ
ࡉࡽ࡟ୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ1950 ᖺ௦࡟ධࡾᚨᓥ┴࡬ࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞㈨ᮏ㐍ฟࢆᅗࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

− 175 −

ྠ♫ࡢ♫ྐࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟グ㏙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⃭ࡋ࠸⤒῭➇த࡟ᡴ຾ࡕ⤒ႠࡢᏳᐃ࡜཰┈ቑ኱ࢆᅗࡿࡓࡵࠊࠕ⤒Ⴀつᶍࡢᣑ኱ࠊᕷሙࡢ
㛤ᣅࠊ஦ᴗࡢከゅ໬࡞࡝࡟ᡴ㛤ࡢ㏵ࢆồࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࠖࡀࠊ஺㏻஦ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠕ㐠㍺஦ᴗࢆ
ᣑ඘ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊࡇࢀ࡟┤᥋㛫᥋࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ஦ᴗࢆࡶ㛤Ⓨࡋࠊ⫱ᡂ࡟ດࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࠖࡢ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋႠᴗᅪࡢᣑ኱࡟ࡼࡾ㧗ḟࡢⓎᒎࢆᮇࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࠕᚑ᮶ࡢ㝈ࡽࢀࡓႠᴗᇶ┙࡟㛢ࡌࡇࡶࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊ᪂つࡢႠᴗศ㔝ࢆ㛤ᣅࡋࠊᆅᇦⓗ࡞ᣑ኱ࢆࡶᙉຊ࡟᥎㐍ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠖࠋࠕఙ
ࡤࡏ༡ᾏ࣭඘ࡓࡏ༡ᾏࠖࡢྜゝⴥࡢୗࠊࠕ㐃⤡㍺㏦⥙ࢆ୰᰾࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊྛᆅ࡟㛤ⓎࡢᣐⅬࢆ࠾ࡁࠊ஺㏻஦ᴗࠊほග஦ᴗ࡞࡝⥲ྜⓗ࡞ㅖ஦ᴗࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆᒎ㛤ࠖࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ 20 ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚ࠊ኱㜰ࡢ࿴Ἠᖹ㔝㺃ἙἨୣ㝠࠿ࡽࠕ༡⣖㐃⤡㍺㏦⥙ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿⓑ὾ࠊ୵ᮏࠊ
຾ᾆࠊ⇃㔝ࠊ୰⣖➼ࡢ㛤Ⓨࠊᅄᅜ㐃⤡⥙ࢆ㍈࡜ࡍࡿᅄᅜᆅ༊࡬ࡢ㐍ฟࠖࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊ࿴ḷᒣࡉࡽ࡟ᅄᅜ㺃ῐ㊰ᓥࢆ୍ᖏ࡜ࡋ࡚⮬ࡽࡢ஺㏻ᅪ࡟ໟᦤࠊᣑ኱ࡉࡏࠊほග㛤Ⓨࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍ
ࡿከゅⓗ⤒Ⴀࢆ᥎㐍ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ⫼ᬒ࡟ࠊྠ♫ࡢࠕ኱༡ᾏᅪࠖᵓ᝿ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ 21 ࠋࡲ࡜ࡵほගᆅ㺃㬆㛛ࡢⓎᒎ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ๓ሗ࿌᭩࡛ぢࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⾜ᨻࡸ஺㏻ᶵ㛵ࡢᯝࡓࡋࡓᙺ
๭ࡀ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ࡞࠿࡛㬆㛛せሰ࣭⏤ⰋせሰࡢᏑᅾࡣࠊᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟ࡣ⯟✵ᶵࡀᨭ㓄ࡍࡿᡓத࡟ࡣᙺ❧ࡓࡎࠊ⡿ᅜ࡬᝟ሗࡶ₃ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊほගᆅ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㬆㛛ࡢⓎᒎ࡟኱ࡁ࡞㞀ቨ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊྠࡌῐ㊰ᓥ࡟࠶ࡗࡓῐ㊰㕲㐨ࡢᏑᅾࡣࠊி㜰⚄࠿ࡽࡢほගᐈ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㬆㛛ほ₻ࡢࠕ᪥ᖐࡾࠖ᪑⾜ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡉࡏࠊࡉࡽ࡟ྠ㕲㐨ࡣ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ほගᐈㄏᘬᨻ⟇ࢆ⾜࡞࠺࡞࡝㬆㛛ࡢほගᆅ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢⓎᒎ࡟኱ࡁࡃᐤ୚ࡋࡓࠋ
༡ᾏ㟁㕲࡟ࡼࡿࠕ኱༡ᾏᅪࠖᵓ᝿ࡣࠊ኱㜰࠿ࡽ࿴ḷᒣࠊῐ㊰ᓥࠊᅄᅜࢆྵࡴᗈ኱࡞஺㏻
ᅪࡢ๰ฟ࡜ࡑࡇ࡛ࡢほග㛤Ⓨࢆࡵࡊࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㬆㛛ࢆ௦⾲࡜ࡍࡿᚨᓥ┴ࡢほග㛤Ⓨ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚┴እ㈨ᮏࡀ㛵ࢃࡿ㔜せ࡞㌿ᶵ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࣮ࣔࢱࣜࢮ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᛴ㏿࡞㐍ᒎ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࡛࠶ࡗࡓῐ㊰஺㏻ࡀ㕲㐨஦ᴗࢆᗫṆࡋࠊࡉࡽ࡟኱㬆㛛ᶫࡸ᫂▼኱ᶫࡢᯫᶫࡀᐇ⌧ࡋࠊῐ㊰ᓥࡸᅄᅜෆ࡛ࡢ㧗㏿㐨㊰ࡀᩚഛࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᵓ᝿ࡣ₽࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡑࢀࡣྠ᫬࡟ࠊῐ㊰㕲㐨タ❧࡟┦๓ᚋࡋ࡚ᶍ⣴ࡉࢀࡓᮏᕞ࠿ࡽῐ㊰ࠊᅄᅜ࡬࡜㕲㊰ࢆࡘ࡞ࡄࠕᮏᕞᅄᅜ⦪㈏㕲㐨ィ⏬ࠖࡢክࡶᾘ⁛ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢ⦪㈏㕲
㐨ィ⏬ࡢክࡣᑗ᮶ᅄᅜ᪂ᖿ⥺ࡀ⌧ᐇ໬ࡋࡓ᫬࡟᪂ࡋ࠸ᙧ࡛᚟άࡍࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣ⣬ᖜࡢ㛵ಀ࡛⦪㈏㕲㐨ィ⏬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢグ㏙ࡣ┬␎ࡋࡓࠋ௒ᚋ㬆㛛ࡢほගᆅ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢⓎᒎ࡜

− 176 −

ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊࠕᮏᕞᅄᅜ⦪㈏㕲㐨ィ⏬ࠖࡢṔྐ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࢆ῝ࡵࡓ࠸࡜⪃࠼࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ

ὀ
1

బ⸨ṇᚿ 2017ࠕࠗほගᆅ࣭㬆㛛࠘ࡢᙧᡂ࣭Ⓨᒎ࡜࣓ࢹ࢕࢔ࠖ㸦ࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ᳨ウጤဨ఍ 2017ࠗࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖୡ⏺㑇⏘Ⓩ㘓Ꮫ⾡ㄪᰝ₻ࠖୡ⏺㑇⏘Ⓩ㘓Ꮫ⾡ㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩㹼ᩥ໬⦅㹼࠘ᡤ཰㸧2

ᑎ⏣㏆㞝 1994ࠕせሰࠖࠗ᪥ᮏ኱ⓒ⛉඲᭩ ࢽࢵ࣏ࢽ࢝ ࠘ᨵゞ∧ࠊᑠᏛ㤋ࠊࢹࢪࢱࣝ∧࠿ࡽᘬ⏝ࠋ

3

ཎ๛ 2002ࠗ᫂἞ᮇᅜᅵ㜵⾨ྐ࠘㘊ṇ♫ࠊ124 㡫ࠋ

4

ྠୖࠊ124 㸫 126 㡫ࠋ

5

ྠୖࠊ99 㸫 106 㡫ࠋ

6

ྠୖࠊ99 㸫 106 㡫ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ

7

๓ᥖ࣭ཎ

8

๓ᥖ࣭ίἲᑎ 1971ࠊ196 㡫ࠋ

9ཎ⏣ಟ୍ 2010ࠕ⏤Ⰻせሰࡢኚ㑄ࠖࠗṔྐ࡜⚄ᡞ࠘49 6 ࠋ

10㐲⸨ⰾಙ 2000ࠊ2001ࠕせሰᆅᖏἲࡢᡂ❧࡜἞Ᏻయไ Iίἲᑎᮅぢ 1971ࠗ᪥ᮏ⠏ᇛྐ࠘ཎ᭩ᡣࠊ184 㸫 184 㡫ࠋ

2002ࠊ99 㸫 106 㡫ࠋ♫఍⛉Ꮫ⦅ ࠘51 1

㬆㛛ᕷྐ⦅⧩ጤဨ఍⦅

12၈⃝㟹ᙪ 2009ࠕ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ᾏ㌷ࡀᤊ࠼ࡓ㬆㛛せሰ

13ࠖࠗ໭ᾏ㐨ᩍ⫱኱Ꮫ⣖せ ேᩥ⛉Ꮫ࣭

2 ࠋ

11

Ϩ

II

1988 ࠗ㬆㛛ᕷྐ࠘㬆㛛ᕷࠊ989-990 㡫ࠋ
1902-1909 ᖺࠖ㏆௦⠏ᇛ㑇㊧◊✲఍⦅ࠗ⏤Ⰻせሰ

኱㜰‴㜵⚪ࡢ㏆௦⠏ᇛ㑇㊧࠘ᡤ཰ࠋᰩཎᬒ 2016ࠕኻࢃࢀࡓ㕲㊰ࡢグ᠈ 26 ᪩ࡍࡂࡿᗫṆࡀᝰࡋࡲࢀࡿᓥࡢ㟁㌴ ῐ㊰㕲㐨ࠖࠗ㕲㐨ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ࠘50 6 ࠊ128-133 㡫ࠋ

14⚄ᡞ᪂⪺⥲ྜฟ∧ࢭࣥࢱ࣮⦅ 2005ࠗࡦࡻ࠺ࡈ᠜࠿ࡋࡢ㕲㐨 :15

ྠୖࠊ92 㡫ࠋ

16⚄ᡞ᪂⪺⥲ྜฟ∧ࢭࣥࢱ࣮⦅

2013 ࠗරᗜࡢ㕲㐨ᗫ⥺ࢆṌࡃᗫ⥺ࣀࢫࢱࣝࢪ࣮࠘ྠࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠋ

ᅄᏘ࡟ฟ఍࠼ࡿ㐨࠘ ྠࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠊ

109 㡫ࠋ
17

㧗ᶫಟ 2001ࠗ㛵す኱ᡭ⚾㕲ࡢㆡΏ㌴ࡓࡕ ୗ࠘ࢿࢥ࣭ࣃࣈࣜࢵࢩࣥࢢࠋ

18ᚨᓥࣂࢫᰴᘧ఍♫♫ྐ⦅⧩ᐊ⦅ 1962ࠗᚨᓥࣂࢫࡢ 20 ᖺ࠘ྠ♫ࠊ102 㸫 106 㡫ࠋ19༡ᾏ㟁Ẽ㕲㐨ᰴᘧ఍♫⦅㞟 1965ࠗ᭱㏆ࡢ 10 ᖺ㸫༡ᾏ 80 ࿘ᖺグᛕ㸫࠘ྠ♫ࠊ58 㡫ࠋࡲࡓࠊᑠᕝຌ 1995ࠕ༡ᾏࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ⣔㆕ࠖࠗ㕲㐨ࣆࢡࢺࣜ࢔ࣝ

㸦20㸧๓ᥖ࣭༡ᾏ㟁Ẽ㕲㐨ᰴᘧ఍♫⦅㞟 1965ࠊ75 㡫ࠋ− 177 −

⮫᫬ቑหྕ 45 ⮫᫬ቑห ࠘615 ྕࠋ21㟷ᮌᰤ୍ 1979ࠕ༡ᾏ㟁Ẽ㕲㐨ࡢ࠶ࡺࡳ㸫ࡑࡢ㊰⥺⥙ࡢᙧᡂ࡜ᆅᇦ㛤Ⓨ㸫ࠖࠗ㕲㐨ࣆࢡࢺࣜ࢔ࣝ 29⮫᫬ቑห ࠘367 ྕࠋཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㬆㛛せሰ࣭⏤Ⰻせሰίἲᑎᮅぢ 1971ࠗ᪥ᮏ⠏ᇛྐ࠘ཎ᭩ᡣ
Ὢᮏᕷྐ⦅ࡉࢇጤဨ఍⦅ 1974ࠗὪᮏᕷྐ࠘Ὢᮏᕷ㸦ࠕ⏤Ⰻせሰ࡜㔜◙ර㝲ࠖ㸧㬆㛛ᕷྐ⦅⧩ጤဨ఍⦅ 1982ࠗ㬆㛛ᕷྐ ୰ᕳ࠘㬆㛛ᕷ㛗㇂ᕝ᫴⦅ 2003ࠗ᪥ᮏࡢせሰ̿ᛀࢀࡽࢀࡓᖇᅜࡢᇛሰ࠘Ꮫ⩦◊✲♫㧗ᓥົ 1986ࠕ⏤Ⰻせሰࡢ㏆࣭⌧௦ྐ ⣖ῐ࣭㬆㛛ᾏᓙࡢ୍ᖏ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ⏤Ⰻせሰࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠖࠗṔྐ◊✲࠘298
す⏣ṇ᠇ 1994ࠕ℩ᡞෆᾏᅜ❧බᅬࡢ㏆௦せሰ㑇㊧ࠖࠗ㐀ᅬ㞧ㄅ࠘57-5
ᫍ㔝⿱ྖࠊᑠᯘ୍㑻 2005ࠕ᫂἞ᮇ࡟ᘓタࡉࢀࡓἢᓊせሰࡢタィᛮ᝿ࠖࠗᅵᮌྐ◊✲ ㅮ₇㞟࠘25

ῐ㊰㕲㐨࣭ῐ㊰஺㏻኱ෆᕷ㑻⦅ 1941ࠗᰴ୺ࡼࡾぢࡓࡿῐ㕲࠘ῐ㕲ᮇ┒ྠᚿᅋ
ῐ㊰஺㏻ 1956ࠗῐ㊰஺㏻୕༑஬ᖺࡢṌࡳ࠘ྠ♫ῐ㊰஺㏻ 1964ࠗ๰❧஬༑ᖺ୪㕲㐨඲㏻ᅄ༑ᖺࡢṌࡳ࠘ྠ♫
᪂ぢ㈏ḟ⦅ 1979ࠗ෗┿㞟᫂἞኱ṇ᫛࿴Ὢᮏ : ࡩࡿࡉ࡜ࡢ᝿࠸ฟ 92࠘ᅜ᭩ห⾜఍Ṋ⏣ಙ୍ 1995ࠗ┠࡛ぢࡿῐ㊰ᓥࡢ 100 ᖺ : Ὢᮏᕷ࣭ὠྡ㒆࣭୕ཎ㒆࠘㒓ᅵฟ∧♫๓⏣຾୍ 1991ࠗ⚟Ⰻࡴ࠿ࡋࡴ࠿ࡋ࠘ᩍ⫱ฟ∧ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㺂⚄ᡞ᪂⪺ῐ㊰⥲ᒁ⦅ 2001ࠗῐ㊰ࡢ 20 ୡ⣖ : ࡑࡢග࡜ᙳ࠘⚄ᡞ᪂⪺⥲ྜฟ∧ࢭࣥࢱ࣮⸨ᮏ㞞அ 2014ࠕῐ㊰㕲㐨ࡢ㕲㐨㑇⏘ࠖࠗ⏘ᴗ⪃ྂᏛ࠘151 ྕ༡ᾏ㟁㕲༡ᾏ㟁Ẽ㕲㐨ᰴᘧ఍♫⦅ 1985ࠗ༡ᾏ㟁Ẽ㕲㐨ⓒᖺྐ࠘ྠ♫ᐑ⬥ಇ୕⦅ⴭ 1996ࠗ㕲㐨ᗫ⥺㊧ࢆṌࡃϩ࠘JTB ᪥ᮏ஺㏻බ♫ฟ∧ᒁᒣᮧᐃ㞝 1970ࠕᾏࢆΏࡿ≉ᛴ"ᅄᅜ"ࠖࠗ㕲㐨ࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣝ࠘1970 ᖺ 6 ᭶ྕࠕ≉㞟 ༡ᾏ㟁Ẽ㕲㐨ࠖ1995ࠗ㕲㐨ࣆࢡࢺࣜ࢔ࣝ
⯪㉺೺அ㍜ 1997ࠕ㕲㐨ᗫ⥺㊧⣖⾜ 9⮫᫬ቑหྕ࠘㏻ᕳ 615 ྕᾘ࠼ࡓ㕲㊰ࡢᙼ᪉࡟

ῐ㊰஺㏻㸦රᗜ┴㸧ࠖࠗ᪑࠘1997 ᖺ 1 ᭶ྕࠕ≉㞟 ༡ᾏ㟁Ẽ㕲㐨ࠖ2008ࠗ㕲㐨ࣆࢡࢺࣜ࢔ࣝ ⮫᫬ቑหྕ࠘㏻ᕳ 807 ྕ− 178 −

㬆㛛᧙㣴ࡢሷᴗ࡜⸄࣭ᯇⴥࡢᒣ✌ࡂ
㔠ཎ

♸ᶞ

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
㏆ୡ㬆㛛ࡢ㢼ᬒࡣከࡃࡢ⤮࡟ᥥ࠿ࢀࠊリ࡟ャࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣࠊࠕ

₻ࠖࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࠕࢃ࠿ࡵྲྀࡾ࡞࡝ࡢ⁺ᴗࠖࠊࠕⲴ≀ࢆ㐠ࡪ⯪ࠖࠕሷ↝ࡁࡢ↮ࡀࡓ࡞ࡧ࠸࡚
࠸ࡿሷ❟ࡸᗈࡀࡿሷ⏣ࠖࠕᓥࡸᒣࠎࢆそ࠺ᯇཎࠖ࡞࡝⏕ᴗ࡜⤖ࡧࡘࡃ㢼ᬒࡀከࡃྲྀࡾୖࡆ
ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
᫖ᖺᗘࡢሗ࿌᭩ࡢ୰࡟ࡣሷᴗ࣭⁺ᴗ࣭ၟᴗ࡜࠸࠺㬆㛛ࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞⏘ᴗࡸࠊ〇⸆࣭▼ᮦࡸ㤿ࡢ⏕⏘࡞࡝ࡢ⏘ᴗࡀྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࠊ࡯ࡰฟࡋᑾࡃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿឤࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆཷࡅ
࡚ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋ㐪ࡗࡓ㈨ᩱ࠿ࡽࠊ㏆ୡ㬆㛛࿘㎶ࡢ⏕ᴗࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿࠋ

㸯ࠕ㬆㛛㎶㞟ࠖࡢ⏘ᴗ
ᐶᨻ 7 ᖺ㸦1795㸧࡟సᡂࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠕ㬆㛛㎶㞟ࠖ 1 ࡣࠊ㬆㛛ࡢ࿘㎶ࡢ࠸ࢃࡺࡿᆅ

ㄅ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᮧࡈ࡜࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⏕ᴗࢆ୰ᚰ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᭩ࡁୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ㬆㛛㎶㞟ࠖࡣ 㬆㛛ᕷྐࡢୗᕳู෉࡟ゎㄞࡉࢀࠊෆᐜࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡓ⾲࡞࡝ࡀ௜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ133 㡫࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⏘ᴗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⾲࠿ࡽ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ㬆㛛ࡢ୰ᚰ⏘ᴗࡣࠊሷᴗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୰ᚰ㒊ࡢ 12 ࠿ᮧࡀሷ὾✌ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢෆ㸰࠿ᮧ༡὾ᮧࡣᅄ㌺ᒇ⏫ࠊᅄ㌺ᒇ⏫ࡢ໭࡟⧅ࡀࡿᩧ⏣ᮧࡢ㯮ᓮ࡟ࡣၟேࡀ㞟ఫࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⸬࠿
ࡽࡶ㒓⏫㸦ၟᴗᆅᇦ㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᅄ㌺ᒇ⏫ࡢ᧙㣴ᕝࢆᣳࢇࡔᑐᓊࠊᯘᓮᾆࡸῐ㊰࡞࡝࡬ࡢ⋞㛵ཱྀ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᒸᓮᮧ࡞࡝ࡣၟᴗᆅᇦ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸
ࡓࠋ㬆㛛ᮾ㒊ࡢᾏᓊ⥺ࡢᮧࠎࠊᅵబἩᾆ࣭㔛ᾆ࣭⢖ὠᾆࡣࠊᾆ࡜ᢕᥱࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿຍᏊࡀఫࡴ
ሙᡤ࡛ࠊ⁺ᴗ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᶒ฼ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࠕㅖ㨶࣭ࢃ࠿ࡵ࣭ࡢࡾࠖ࡞࡝ࡢ㬆㛛ࡢ௦⾲ⓗ࡞Ỉ⏘≀ࢆ⏕⏘ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
㬆㛛ࡢ໭㒊ࡢᮧࠎࡣࠊᇽᾆ࣭໭Ἡᾆࡢᾆ࡛ࡣᮾ㒊ࡢᾏᓊ⥺࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟໭㒊ࡢᾏᓊ⥺ࡢᶒ฼ࢆᣢࡕࠊ⁺ᴗࡀ⏕ᴗ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᾏᓊ⥺ࢆᣢࡘᮧࠎ࡛ࡣࠊ⯪ᣢࡕ࡜ࡋ࡚⯪✌ࡂࢆ⏕ᴗ࡜ࡍࡿேࡧ࡜ࡶከ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ㬆㛛ࡢ໭す㒊ࠊㆭᒱ࡜ࡢᅜቃ࡟㐃࡞ࡿ໭ℿࡢᮧࠎࡣࠊᾏᓊ⥺࡟㠃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ⁺ᴗࡶ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ໭ℿࡢᾏࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣ໭Ἡᾆࡢ⟶⌮ୗ࡟⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊᚋⓎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

− 179 −

ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᒣ✌ࡂ㸦ᯘᴗ㸧ࡀ㔜せ࡞⏕ᴗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ໭㒊ࡸᮾ㒊ࡢᮧࠎ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ
ᒣࡀࡕ࡞ᆅᙧࡢሙྜྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ᒣ✌ࡂࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
௒ሗ࿌࡛ࡣࠊ㬆㛛ᆅᇦ࿘㎶࡛ᗈࡃ⏘ᴗ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᒣ✌ࡂࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ
ࡇࡢᒣ✌ࡂࡣࠊሷᴗ࡜ࡃ࡟ሷࡢ㔩↏ࡁ࡜୙ྍศ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ

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⾲ 1ࠕ㬆㛛㎶㞟㸦ᐶᨻ 7㸦1795㸧ᖺ㸧ࠖ࡟ぢࡿᮧูࡢ⏘ᴗ࡜⏘≀
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⪔స࣭⁺ᴗ࣭⯪✌࣭ᒣ✌ㅖ㨶࣭ࢃ࠿ࡵ࣭ࡢࡾ࣭⺾࣭ᯇ㟢࣭ⷃ㯏㔛ᾆ⪔స࣭ᒣ✌࣭⁺ᴗ㫇࣭ࢃ࠿ࡵ࣭ࡢࡾ࣭ᯇ㟢࣭኱᰿࣭㯞ⓑ㨶࣭⺾࣭㯞࣭኱᰿࣭ⵄ
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ㅖၟ኎࣭⯪✌ሷ὾✌ሷ὾✌ሷ὾✌࣭⪔స࣭ሷ὾✌࣭ㅖၟ኎ㅖၥᒇ࣭ሷ὾✌࣭ㅖၟ኎ሷ὾✌࣭⪔స࣭⯪✌ሷ὾✌࣭⪔స࣭⯪✌ሷ὾✌࣭⯪✌
ሷ὾✌࣭⯪✌㸦ሷ὾✌㸧ሷ὾✌࣭⪔స࣭ᒣ✌࣭⯪✌ሷ὾✌࣭⪔స࣭ᒣ✌⪔స࣭⁺ᴗ࣭ᒣ✌࣭⯪✌
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⪔స࣭⁺ᴗ࣭ᒣ✌⪔స࣭⁺ᴗ࣭ᒣ✌

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⪔స࣭ᒣ✌࣭⁺ᴗ࣭⯪✌⪔స࣭⁺ᴗ࣭ᒣ✌࣭⯪✌⪔స࣭⁺ᴗ࣭ᒣ✌࣭⯪✌⪔స࣭ᒣ✌࣭⁺ᴗ࣭⯪✌⡿࣭㫇࣭⊂ά㸦࠺࡝㸧⪔స࣭⁺ᴗ࣭ᒣ✌࣭⯪✌㸦⪔స࣭⁺ᴗ㸧㬆㛛ᕷྐୗᕳู෉ࠗ㬆㛛㎶㞟࠘133 㡫⾲ࢆ୍㒊ᨵኚሷ࣭㯞࣭㊊⿄኱᰿࣭ⱳᏊ࣭㯞࣭㊊⿄࣭ⵄㅖ㨶࣭ࢃ࠿ࡵ࣭ࡢࡾ࣭㌴࢚ࣅ࣭ࢼ࣐㫇࣭⺾ㅖ㨶࣭㈅㢮࣭ࢃ࠿ࡵ࣭ࡢࡾ࣭ࢼ࣐ࢥ
⡿࣭➉Ꮚ⡿࣭ᯇⲖ࣭ⶍ⳯㸦ࡌࡹࢇࡉ࠸㸧− 180 −㸰 㬆㛛ሷ❟ࡢࠕ⸄࣭ᯇⴥ↏ࡁࠖ࡜ࠕ▼Ⅳ↏ࡁࠖ㬆㛛᧙㣴ሷ⏣ᆅᇦ࡟ࡣࠊ⸄ࡸᯇⴥࡢⳘ኱࡞㟂せࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡛ࡣࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟
ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ㟂せࢆ㈥ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡲࡎࠊ⠛ཎᐙᩥ᭩㸦ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᐤク㸧ࡢ㈨ᩱ
࠿ࡽ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ
㬆㛛ࡢ㧗ᓥᮧࡣሷ⏣ᆅᇦࡢ୰ᚰࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㧗ᓥᮧࡢᗉᒇ࡛࠶ࡿ⠛ཎᐙᩥ᭩࡟ࠊ჆
Ọඖᖺ㸦1848㸧࡜࡯ࡰᖥᮎࡢ᫬ᮇࡔࡀࠊሷ㔩࡟⸄࣭ᯇⴥ࡜▼Ⅳࢆ㸯ᖺ㛫౑⏝ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ぢ✚ࡶࡾ࡜࡞ࡿ࠿ࢆ᭩ࡁ࠶ࡆࡓᖒ⡙ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀࠕ▼Ⅳᖼᯇⴥ↏ඹⲨ✚ぢྜ⟬ᘓᖒࠖ 2 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ㬆㛛᧙㣴ሷ⏣࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⸄࣭ᯇⴥࡢᖺ㛫౑⏝㔞࡜㔠㢠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㈨ᩱ
ࢆᇶ࡟⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢ㈨ᩱ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ㬆㛛᧙㣴࡟ࡣ 12 ࠿ᮧ඲య࡛ሷ⏣ࡀ 34,000 ᯛ࠶ࡾࠊ㔩ᐙ㸦℺Ỉࢆ↻ワࡵሷࢆసࡿᘓ≀㸧ࡣሷ⏣ 170 ᯛ࡟㸯㌺ࡢ๭ྜ࠸࡜࡞ࡾ඲య࡛ 200 ㌺࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㸯᪥ࡢ㔩ᐙ࡛↏ࡃ⸄ࡢ᮰ࡣ 700 ᮰ᚲせ࡛ࡑࡢ௦㖟ࡣ 56 ໜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㔩ᐙࡣࠊሷ⏣ࡢኳೃࡸఇ὾ࡢ≧ἣ࠿ࡽᖺ㛫 110 ᪥༙✌ാࡍࡿࠋ㔩ᒇ㸯㌺࡛ࡢᖺ㛫⸄௦ࡣ㸴㈏ 188 ໜ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽ㬆㛛᧙㣴ࡢሷ⏣ᆅᖏ࡛ࠊ㸯ᖺ㛫඲࡚⸄࡛ሷ㔩ࢆ↏ࡃ࡜ィ⟬ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊᖺ㛫 1547 ୓᮰ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⥲௦㖟ࡣ㖟 1237 ㈏ 600 ┠࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆ㖟 60 ┠㸻㔠㸯୧࡛᥮⟬ࡍࡿ࡜⸄௦ࡣᖺ㛫㸰୓୧ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ẚ࡭ࠊ㔩ᒇࡀ▼Ⅳࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚ሷࢆ↏࠸ࡓሙྜࠊ1 ᪥ 384 ㈏వࡢ▼Ⅳࡀᚲせ࡛ࠊࡑࡢ௦㖟ࡣ 50 ໜవ㸦ࡇࡇ࡟ࡣ⯪ࡢ㐠㈤➼ࡶྵࡲࢀࡿ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ඲࡚▼Ⅳࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓሙྜࡢ
㔩ᒇ㸯㌺ࡢᖺ㛫▼Ⅳ౑⏝㔞ࡣ 42500 ㈏ࠊࡑࡢ௦㖟ࡣ㸳㈏ 278 ໜ㸯ศ㸳ཊ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㬆㛛᧙㣴඲యࡢሷ㔩࡛඲࡚▼Ⅳࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ࡜ィ⟬ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ850 ୓㈏㸦⣙ 31875 㹲㸧ࠊ௦㖟ࡣ 1055
㈏ 630 ┠࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ㔩ᐙ㸯㌺࡛㸯ᖺ㛫ࡢ✌ാ࡛⏘ฟࡍࡿሷࡣ㸯᪥࡟ 60 ಥࡢ᥮⟬࡛ 6,630 ಥ࡟࡞ࡾࠊࡇࡢሷࢆ኎ࡗࡓ௦㔠ࡣ 13 ㈏ 260 ┠࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㬆㛛᧙㣴ሷ⏣ᆅᖏ඲య 200 ㌺࡛ࡢ⏘ฟ㔞ࡣ 132 ୓ 6000 ಥࠊࡑࡢ௦㖟ࡣ 2652 ㈏┠㸦㒆 60 ┠㸻㔠 1 ୧᥮⟬࡛ 44200 ୧㸧࡜࡞ࡿࠋሷࡢ኎ࡾୖࡆࡢෆࠊ⸄࡛࠶ࢀࡤ⣙ 46 㸣ࠊ▼Ⅳ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ⣙ 40 㸣ࡀ༨ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ▼Ⅳࡢࡳࡢ౯᱁ࡣ㖟⣙ 910 ┠㸦⣙ 14 㸣㸧Ᏻࡃタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ౯᱁
ᕪࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟ࠊᒣ⏣ᐙᩥ᭩㸦ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᐤク㸧࡛ᐶᨻᮇ࡟సࡽࢀࡓࠕ㜿Ἴᚿ⦅㞟ሷᒇ⤌ࠖ 3 ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊሷᒇ⤌㸯㸰ࣨᮧࡢሷ὾ᒙᆤᩘࡣ 33,976 ᯛ࡜࠶ࡾࠊ34,000 ᯛ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡢぢ✚ࡶࡾࡣࠊ࡯ࡰ➼ࡋ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᐶᨻ㸦1800 ᖺ㡭㸧࠿ࡽ⣙ 50 ᖺᚋࡢ჆Ọ− 181 −

ඖᖺ㸦1850㸧ࡲ࡛࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ሷ὾ࡢ≧ἣ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ኚ໬ࡀ↓࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

㸱㬆㛛࿘㎶ࡢ⸄⏕⏘࡜ሷᴗḟ࡟ࠊ㬆㛛࿘㎶࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⸄⏕⏘࡜฼⏝ࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡼ࠺࡜ᛮ࠺ࡀࠊ㏆ୡึᮇࡢሷ

⏣ࡸ⸄⏕⏘ࡢᐇែࢆ♧ࡍ㈨ᩱࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋሷࡢ⏕⏘ࡀᣑ኱ࡋᏳᐃࡋࡓ᫬ᮇࡢ⸄⏕⏘࡜ὶ㏻ࡣ
ᙜ↛ࡢ๓ᥦ᮲௳࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡲ࡜ࡲࡗࡓ㈨ᩱࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᫖ᖺ࡟
సᡂࡉࢀࡓࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖሗ࿌᭩ࡢ࠺ࡕ⚟ᐙΎྖࠕཎጞ࣭ྂ௦࣭୰ୡࡢ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࠖ࡟ࡣࠊ

ࠕᩥᏳ 2 ᖺරᗜ໭㛵ධ⯪⣡ᖒࠖࡢศᯒ࠿ࡽ 15 ୡ⣖࡟ࡣ㬆㛛㏆㎶࡛ሷࡢ⏕⏘ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡔࢁ
࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊࡲࡓࠕරᗜ໭㛵㞧⯪⣡ᖒࠖࡢศᯒ࠿ࡽࠊ㬆㛛࿘㎶ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ᧙㣴࣭໭Ἡ࣭ᮌὠ

࡞࡝ࡀࠊ␥ෆᆅ᪉ࡢ㔜せ࡞⸄ࡢ౪⤥ᆅ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 4 ࠋࡇࢀࡽ࡟ࡼ
ࡾࠊ15 ୡ⣖࠿ࡽ㬆㛛ཬࡧ㏆㞄ࡢᆅᇦ࡟኱つᶍ࡞⸄⏕⏘࠾ࡼࡧሷ⏕⏘ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊᑠᶫ㟹ࠕῐ㊰ᓥ࡜㬆㛛ᕷᇦࡢሷᴗ㸫ᅵჾ〇ሷ࠿ࡽ⌧௦ࡢሷᴗࡲ࡛㸫ࠖࡢグ㏙࡛ࡣࠊ〇ሷᅵჾ࡞࡝࡟㢗ࡗࡓ୰ୡᮇࡢሷᴗ࡟⥆࠸࡚ࠊ㬆㛛࣭᧙㣴࡟సࡽࢀࡓ኱つᶍ࡞ධ὾ሷ⏣ࡣࠊ
16 ୡ⣖ᮎᮇ࡛࠶ࡿ៞㛗 4㸦1599㸧ᖺ࠿ࡽࠊ᧛☻࣭ῐ㊰࠿ࡽࡢᢏ⾡⛣㌿࡟ࡼࡾጞࡵࡽࢀࠊ⸬
ࡢᗊㆤ࡟ࡼࡿேࡢὶධࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ࠿࡞ࡾ᪩࠸᫬ᮇ࡟ປാ㞟⣙ⓗ࡞⏘ᴗ࡜ࡋ࡚ሷᴗࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㬆㛛࣭᧙㣴ࡢධ὾ሷ⏣ࡢከࡃࡣࠊ㐜ࡃ࡜ࡶ 17 ୡ⣖ᮎ㸦ඖ⚘ᮇࡲ࡛㸧࡟ࡣ࡯ࡰ᏶ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔࠋࡲࡓࠊ⸄➼ࡢ⇞ᩱࢥࢫࢺࡣࠊሷ⏕⏘ࢥࢫࢺ඲యࡢ 50 㸣ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᇶᖿཎᩱ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 5 ࠋሷ⏣࡛సࡽࢀࡓ℺Ỉࢆᅛᙧࡢሷ࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ℺Ỉࢆ㔩࡛↏ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㔩⅕ࡁࡢ
⇞ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⸄ࡣᚲ㟂ရ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⸄࡟ࡣ㞧ᮌࡸ㛫ఆᮦ࡞࡝࠸ࢃࡺࡿᰘࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸
ࡀࠊ≉࡟ⅆຊࡀᙉࡃຠ⋡ࡢⰋ࠸ᯇᮦཬࡧᯇⴥࡣࠊሷ↏⇞ᩱࡢ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
᧙㣴࿘㎶ࡢᒣࠎ㸦≉࡟㜿ㆭᒣ⬦ࡢᅵబἩᾆ࣭㔛ᾆ࣭᫂⚄ᮧ࣭ᇽᾆ࣭‖㇂ᮧ࣭ᑠᓥ⏣ᮧ࣭᧙బᮧ࣭ᐊᮧ࣭኱ᓥ⏣ᮧ࣭୰ᓥ⏣ᮧ࣭໭Ἡᾆ࣭໭ℿ㸶࠿ᮧ㸧ࡣࠊ୰ୡ௨᮶ࡢᰘ࣭ᯇⴥࡢᐆ
ᗜ࡛࠶ࡾࠊሷ⏣㛤Ⓨ⮬యࡇ࠺ࡋࡓⰋ㉁ࡢ⸄࣭ᯇⴥࢆ⏘ฟࡍࡿሙᡤࡀ㏆㎶࡟࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ๓
ᥦ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ− 182 −

෗┿㸲ᯈ㔝㒆ᅗࡢ࠺ࡕ㬆㛛࿘㎶㒊ࢆᢤ⢋㸦୕ᮌᩥᗜᡤⶶ㸧 6ྜྷ㔝ᕝ୰ὶᇦ࠿ࡽࡢ⸄࣭ᯇⴥᅇ₈ࡇࡢ࠶࡜ࡣࠊලయⓗ࡞㈨ᩱ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⸄࣭ᯇⴥࡢ㬆㛛࣭᧙㣴࡬ࡢᅇ₈ࡸࠊ㬆㛛᧙㣴ࡢሷ㔩࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⸄࣭ᯇⴥ⅕ࡁ࠿ࡽ▼Ⅳ⅕ࡁ࡬㌿᥮࡟ࡼࡿᆅᇦ⏘ᴗࡢኚ໬࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゐࢀ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠋ
㜿Ἴ㒆ఀἑᮧ㸦⌧㜿Ἴᕷ㸧ࡢỌ஭ᐙᩥ᭩㸦ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᐤク㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ㜿Ἴ㒆ఀἑᮧࡣࠊྜྷ㔝ᕝ୰ὶᇦ໭ᓊ࡟࠶ࡿᮧ࡛ࠊྜྷ㔝ᕝࡢὶᇦ࠿ࡽ㜿ㆭᒣ⬦ࡢᒣ㛫㒊ࡢዟ῝ࡃࡲ࡛ఀἑᒣࡀᗈࡀࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⸄ࡸᯇⴥ࡞࡝⇞ᩱᮦࡢ⏕⏘ࡶ┒ࢇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

୍㸦㺣㺔㺐 02519㸧

ぬ

ࠕ

ᯇⴥᑠఆ

ඵ༑භ⯺ᘨྜ

ྑࡣࠊ⚾ㄳᡤࠊᙜᖺ௙ᡂࡋᯇⴥࠊ᧙㣴ሷ⸄࡟✚ᘔࡋ⏦ࡋೃᡤࠊ┦㐪ᚚᗙ࡞ࡃೃࠊ௨ୖ
㜿Ἴ㒆ఀἑᒣㄳ㈇ே

ᮡྑ⾨㛛॓ኳ᫂භ༗ᖺ༑஧᭶

− 183 −

ᗈᓥᚚศ୍ᡤᚚዊ⾜ᵝࠖࡇࡢ㈨ᩱ㸦7㸧ࡣࠊ㜿Ἴ㒆ࡢఀἑᒣ࡛⏘ฟࡉࢀࡿ⸄ࡢ኎㈙ࢆㄳࡅ㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓᮡྑ⾨㛛ࡀࠊ㬆㛛࣭᧙㣴࡟㏻ࡌࡿྜྷ㔝ᕝ㸦⌧ᪧྜྷ㔝ᕝ㸧ἢ࠸ࡢᗈᓥᾆ㸦⌧ᯇⱱ⏫㸧ᚚศ୍ᡤ࡬ฟࡋࡓⲴ
⯪ࡢ㏻⾜ド࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮇ㛫ࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࡀኳ᫂ 6 ᖺ㸦1786㸧㡭࡟ఀἑᒣ⏘ฟࡢᯇⴥࡀࠊ᧙㣴ሷ⸄࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ86 ⯺㸰ྜศ㏦ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᗈᓥᚚศ୍ᡤ࡟⏦ㄳࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋỌ஭ᐙᩥ᭩࡟ࡣࡇࡢ
ᩥ᭩ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᚋኳ᫂㹼ᩥ໬ᮇ࡟ࠊ㏻ᖒࡸ὾ฟᖒ࡞࡝ࡢᯇⴥ⸄኎㈙࡟㛵ࡍࡿᖒ⡙ࡶṧࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ୍ᐃᮇ㛫࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ࠿࡞ࡾࡢᩘ㔞ࡢᯇⴥ࣭⸄ࢆ✚ࡳ㏦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓྜྷ㔝ᕝὶᇦ࠿ࡽ㬆㛛࣭᧙㣴࡬ࡢᯇⴥ࣭⸄ᅇ₈ࡣࠊఀἑᮧ࡟㝈ࡽࡎ㜿Ἴ㒆ࡼࡾୗὶᇦࡢᩘከࡃࡢᮧࠎ࠿ࡽ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋᯈ㔝㒆ᯈᮾᮧᗉᒇ㏆⸨ᐙᩥ᭩㸦ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᡤⶶ㸧࡟ࡣࠊྜྷ㔝ᕝ໭ᓊࡢᒣ㛫㒊ࢆᢪ࠼ࡿࠊᯈᮾᮧࢆࡣࡌࡵᕝ➃࣭ụ㇂࣭ᕝᓮ࣭ὠឿ࣭ụ㇂࣭す㤿ワ࣭୕ಛ࣭ᱠ➼ࡢᮧࠎࡢ⸄ᮐ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᮧࠎ࠿
ࡽࡢ⸄⏕⏘ࡶ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿ 8 ࠋ㬆㛛᧙㣴ࡢሷ⏣࡟ᚲせ࡞⸄ࡢ⏕⏘ᆅࡣࠊ㬆㛛࿘㎶ࡢᒣࠎࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊᅇ₈࡟౽฼࡞ྜྷ㔝ᕝὶᇦࡢᒣࠎ࠿ࡽᖜᗈࡃㄪ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

㸳▼Ⅳ⅕ࡁࡢᑟධ
୍᫖ᖺᗘࡢᑠᶫሗ࿌࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ஑ᕞ࠿ࡽࡢ㬆㛛᧙㣴࡛ࡢ▼Ⅳᑟධࡣࠊᩥ໬㸲ᖺ㸦1807㸧ࡀ᭱ึ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 9 ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ஑ᕞ࡛ 17 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡢᐶᩥ࣭ᘏᐆᮇ࠿ࡽᑟධࡀጞࡲࡗࡓ
࡜࠸࠺ヰ࠿ࡽࡍࡿ࡜ 140 ᖺ㏆ࡃ㐜࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㛫඲ᅜ࡛ࡢሷ⏕⏘ࡣᣑ኱ࡋ⏕⏘㐣๫ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊ⏕⏘㔞ࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡓࡵఇ὾㸦ᖺ㛫୍࡛ᐃᮇ㛫ሷ࡙ࡃࡾࢆࡸࡵࡿ㸧➼ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊ౯᱁ࡢᏳᐃࡀᅗࡽࢀࡿ୍᪉ࠊ⏘ᆅ㛫➇தࡣ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ⏘ᆅ㛫➇த࡟຾ࡕᢤࡃࡓ
ࡵ࡟ࡣࠊሷ〇㐀ࢥࢫࢺࡢ࠺ࡕ༙ศ㏆ࡃࢆ༨ࡵࡿሷ↏⇞ᩱࡢࢥࢫࢺࢆぢ┤ࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡣ
ࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⏘ᆅ㛫➇தࡢ୰࡛ࠊ㜿Ἴࡢ▼Ⅳᑟධࡀ㐜ࢀࡓ⌮⏤ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࠊ
஑ᕞⅣ㖔࠿ࡽ᧙㣴ࡢᆅࡀ㐲᪉࡛࠶ࡾ༑ศ࡞౪⤥ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ᮲௳࡟࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ
᧙㣴ሷ⏣ࡀ㜿Ἴᅜෆࡸῐ㊰࡞࡝ࡢ㏆㞄ࡢ⸄౪⤥ᆅ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࡜࡚ࡶ⥭ᐦ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࠊ㬆㛛᧙㣴ሷ⏣ᆅᇦ࡬ࡢ⸄࣭ᯇⴥ౪⤥ࡢ୰ᚰᆅࡣࠊྠᆅᇦࡢす᪉ࠊ㜿ㆭᒣ⬦ࡢ໭㯄ᾏᓊἢ࠸࡟ᗈࡀࡿ໭ℿᆅᇦ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋෆࡢᾏ࡬ࡢ໭ࡢ⋞㛵ཱྀ࡟࠶ࡿ໭Ἡᾆࡢす࡟᷸ᮌᮧ࣭

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⢖⏣ᮧ࣭኱ᾆᮧ࣭ᐟẟ㇂ᮧ࣭㫽ࣨ୸ᮧ࣭ᢡ㔝ᮧ࣭኱㡲ᮧ࣭◻ᾆᮧࡢ㸶ࣨᮧࡀ࠶ࡾㆭᒱᅜ࡜
ࡢᅜቃ࡟⮳ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᮧࠎࡢᒣ㛫ᆅ࡟ࡣ⇞↝ຠ⋡ࡢࡼ࠸ᯇᯘࡀከࡃࠊࡉࡽ࡟ᒣ㛫ᆅ࡜ᾏᓊ⥺ࡀ㏆᥋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ

࡬ࡢ὾ฟࡋࡀᐜ࡛᫆ࠊྛᮧࡢ

࠿ࡽᘔ⯪࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐠㏦ຠ⋡ࡶⰋ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ⸄ᯇⴥࡢ୺ࡓࡿ⏕⏘ᆅ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢ໭ℿࡢ⢖⏣ᮧᗉᒇ࡛࠶ࡿ⸨಴ᐙᩥ᭩ ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᐤク ࡟ࡣࠊᯘ᪉௦ᐁᡤࡀฟࡋ
ࡓ໭ℿࡢᒣ᪉࡜᧙㣴ࡢሷ὾᪉࡜ࡢヰࡋྜ࠸ࢆồࡵࡓゐ᭩ࢆࠊ⸨಴Ⅽஅ㐍ࡀ໭ℿࡢᮧࠎ࡟ᅇ
ぴࡋࡓᘔ≧ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦10 ࠋࠕࡇࡢ㡭὾᪉ሷ⸄࡟▼Ⅳ㈙࠸㎸ࡳ᫬⠇࡟ೃฎࠊ▼Ⅳ⏒ࡣࡔ㧗್࡟௜ࠊᮌ࣭ᯇⴥ↏࡟௙ࡾࡓࡃೃ࠼࡝ࡶࠊ὾᪉࡟ࡣ୍᫨ኪᅄᣠ┠⛬࡟࡚ࡇࢀ↓ࡃೃ࠼ࡤ㈙㎸ࡳ㞴ࡃࠊᒣ᪉࡟ࡣ஬ᣠ┠↏఩࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣᘬྜࡶ࠺ࡉࡎ⏤࡟࡚ᒣ὾ࡢᚚᑐㄯ┦ㄪ࠸ࡀࡓࡁ㐠ࡧ┦⪺࠼ೃࠊᑵ࡚ࡣ඼᪉
ඹ⤌ୗᮧࠎᒣㄳࡢ⪅࡝ࡶᡭඖ㔜ࠎᡭワࡾ┦⾜╔ࠊ཮᪉୰‫ࡢڧ‬ᡤࢆ௨࡚ࠊ኎ࡾ஦┦ㄪ࠼ೃᵝࠊ⢭ࠎ┦⣙ࡵጤ᭤᭩௜ࢆ௨࡚᪩㏿⏦ࡋฟ࡛࡭ࡃೃࠊ௨ୖ
࡞࠾௨࡚ᮏᩥࡢ൤ᣦᛴࡑࡂࡢ⩏࡟ೃ᮲ࠊ᮶ࡓࡿ༑୐᪥ࡲ࡛࡟┦⣙ࡵᣦࡋฟࡍ࡭ࡃೃ
ᯘ᪉ᚚ௦ᐁฎ
༑୍᭶୐᪥
ᚚᮏᩥࡢ㏻ࡾ௮ࡏ௜ࡅࡽࢀೃ᮲┦ゐࢀೃ㛫ࠊᒣㄳே࡝ࡶᡭඖ⢭ࠎ┦⾜╔ࠊ᮶ࡓࡿ༑ᅄ᪥
ࡲ࡛࡟᭩௜ࢆ௨࡚⏦ࡋฟࡔࡉࡿ࡭ࡃೃࠊࡶࡗ࡜ࡶྑ᭩௜ᣢཧ࡟࡚ࠊᒣㄳேඹྊ㐃ࢀᙺே୰ࡢෆࠊྑ᪥㝈⨭ࡾฟ࡛⏦ࡍ࡭ࡃೃࠊ௨ୖ
⸨಴Ⅽஅ㐍
༑୍᭶༑᪥
໭ℿ⤌ᮧࠎ

ᗉᒇ࣭஬ே୚୰ࠖ

ࡇࡢ᫬ࡣࡶࡣࡸሷ㔩↏ࡁ⇞ᩱࡢ୺ຊࡣ▼Ⅳ࡟⛣ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ▼Ⅳࡢ್ẁࡀᛴ㦐ࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊ
ሷ὾᪉ࡣ⸄࣭ᯇⴥࡢ౑⏝ࢆᮃࢇࡔࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊሷ὾᪉ࡣ⸄࣭ᯇⴥࡢ㈙࠸ྲྀࡾ౯᱁ࢆ㸯᪥ศ࡛㸲㸮┠࡜ࡋࡓ࠸ࡀࠊ໭ℿᒣ᪉ࡣ㸳㸮┠࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤᘬࡁྜࢃ࡞࠸࡜཮᪉ゝ࠸ྜ࠸ࠊ኱ࡁ࡞౯
᱁ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵᢡࡾྜ࠸ࡀ௜࠿࡞࠸ࡀࠊ཮᪉ヰࡋྜ࠸ࡢୖࠊᛴ࠸࡛Ỵ╔ࡉࡏࡼࠋ࡜ᯘ᪉௦
ᐁᡤࡣᙉᘬ࡞௰௓࡟ฟ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸰๭ࡶࡢ౯᱁ᕪࡣᇙࡵࡀࡓࡃࠊỴ╔ࡀࡘࡃࡢࡣࡉࡽ࡟ඛ࡟
࡞ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࡀࠊ⸬ࡢ௰௓ࡶྵࡵ࡚໭ℿᒣ᪉࡜᧙㣴ሷ὾᪉ࡀ⥭ᐦ࡞㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ࠺
࠿ࡀ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

− 185 −

ࡑࡢᚋᑠᶫሗ࿌࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊᩥ໬㸷ᖺ㸦1812㸧࡟ࡣ▼Ⅳ㸱ศ㸦㸱๭㸧⅕ࡁࠊᩥᨻ㸱ᖺ㸦1820㸧
࡟ࡣ▼Ⅳ༙ᩘ㸦㸳๭㸧⅕ࡁࡀチྍࡉࢀࠊᩥᨻ㸲ᖺ㸦1821㸧࡟ࡣ▼Ⅳ⥲⅕ࡁࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸦11㸧ࠋ㬆㛛᧙㣴ࡢሷ㔩࡛ᛴ㏿࡟▼Ⅳ⅕ࡁࡀᗈࡀࡗࡓ≧ἣࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ

㸴ྜྷ㔝ᕝ୰ὶᇦࡢ⸄⏘ᆅ᧔㏥
ࡇࡢ▼Ⅳᑟධ࡟࠸ࡕ᪩ࡃ཯ᛂࡍࡿᆅᇦࡣࠊ᧙㣴ሷ὾ࡲ࡛㐠㏦㊥㞳ࡀ࠶ࡿ㜿Ἴ㒆ఀἑᮧࡢ᪉࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋỌ஭ᐙᩥ᭩㸦ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᐤク㸧 12 ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊఀἑᮧ࡛ࡣࠊ▼Ⅳ㸱ศ⅕
ࡁࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ⩣ᖺࡢᩥ໬ 10㸦1813㸧ᖺ㡭࠿ࡽࠊ᧙㣴ᆅᇦ࡛ࡢ▼Ⅳᑟධࡀ㐍ࢇࡔࡇ࡜࡟
ࡼࡾࠊఀἑᒣࡢ⸄➼࡟タᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㐠ୖ㖟ୖ⣡ࡀᅔ㞴࡜࡞ࡾࠊ▼Ⅳ↏ࡁࡢ⦰ᑠ࡜ୖ⣡⧞ࡾᘏ࡭ࢆッ࠼ࡿッゴࢆጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ▼Ⅳ༙ᩘ⅕ࡁࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊ᧙㣴ሷ὾࡛ࡢ▼Ⅳ⅕ࡀᗈࡀ
ࡿᩥᨻ㸱㸦1820㸧ᖺ࡟ࡣᯘ᪉࡟㐠ୖ㖟ࡢῶච㢪࠸ࢆᥦฟࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋỌ஭ᐙᩥ᭩࠿ࡽࡣ⸄࣭
ᯇⴥࡢ὾ฟࡋ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿᩥ᭩ࡣぢ࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ⸄ࡢ㈍኎࡞࡝ࡣࠊ㈍኎༢౯ࡀᏳ࠸௚ࡢ⏝㏵
࡟㌿⏝ࡉࢀࠊྜྷ㔝ᕝ୰ὶᇦ࡛ࡣࠊᑡࡋ᪩ࡃ᧙㣴ሷ⅕ࡁ⏝ࡢ⸄⏕⏘࠿ࡽࡣ᧔㏥ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ㸵໭ℿ⸄⏘ᆅࡢ᧔㏥▼Ⅳᑟධࡢᣑ኱ࡣࠊ⤖ᒁ㬆㛛໭ℿᒣ᪉ࡢᮧࠎ࡟ࡶࠊ⏘ᴗᵓ㐀ࢆኚ࠼ࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞

Ỵᐃⓗ࡞ᡴᧁࢆ୚࠼ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡎࠊᯈ㔝㒆➉℩ᮧ㸦⌧⸛ఫ⏫㸧ࡢᗉᒇᮌෆᐙᩥ᭩ࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋ➉℩ᮧࡣࠊᪧྜྷ㔝ᕝ࡜ྜྷ㔝ᕝ࡟ᣳࡲࢀࡓྜྷ㔝ᕝୗὶࢹࣝࢱᆅᖏࡢ୰࡟࠶ࡿᮧ࡛ࠊ᭱ࡶ⸛సࡀ┒ࢇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᆅᇦࡢ୍ゅ࡟࠶ࡿࠋᮌෆᐙᩥ᭩࡟࠶ࡿᩥᨻ㸶ᖺ㸦1825㸧ࠕ໭ℿᅔ❓࡟௜ࠊᚚჃࡁ⏦ࡋୖࡆ⏘ᴗ᪉ᚚㆭㄯ௮ࡏ௜ࡅࡽࢀ㈚ࡋ௜ࡅ୍ᕳࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᩥ᭩ࡣࠊᩥᨻ㸲ᖺࡢ▼Ⅳ⥲↏ࡁ࡟ࡼࡾ໭ℿࡢᮧࠎ඲࡚ࡀᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࠊᒣ✌ࡂࡀ࡛ࡁࡎᅔ❓ࡋࡓࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢవ๫ປാຊࢆ౑ࡗ࡚᪂ࡋ࠸ᶵ⧊
ࡾࡢ⏘ᴗࢆ㉳ࡇࡍࡓࡵࠊྜྷ㔝ᕝ໭ᓊࡢ⸛సᆅᖏࡢᮧࠎࡀ㈨ᮏ㔠ࢆฟࡍࡓࡵࡢィ⏬᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
వ๫ປാຊࡢෆࠊ⏨ᡭࡣฟ✌ࡂ࡟㬆㛛᧙㣴ࡢሷ⏣ᆅᇦࡸ⸛సᆅᖏ࡞࡝ࡢ⏘ᴗࢆᣢࡘᆅᇦ࡟
࡟ฟࡿࡓࡵࠊዪᡭ୰ᚰ࡛࡛ࡁࡿ⏘ᴗࢆᶍ⣴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ 13 ࠋࡲࡓࠊྠࡌᩥᨻ㸶ᖺࡢ⸨಴ᐙᩥ᭩ࠕ⏦ୖࣝぬࠖ 14 ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࠕ⏦ୖࣝぬࡇࡢ⠇᧙㣴ሷ὾ࠊᮌ࣭ᯇⴥ↏௙ࡾࡓࡁ⪅࡝ࡶᚚᗙೃ࠼࡝ࡶࠊ್ẁ㧗್ࡢᡤࠊᒣ᪉ぢ㎸ࡳ− 186 −

୍᫨ኪ஬ᣠ┠ࠊ὾᪉࡟࡚ᅄᣠ┠࡞ࡽ࡛ࣁᘬྜ࡟┦ᡂࡾ⏦ࡉࡎೃ㊃࡟௜ࠊᒣ὾┤⤌⇍ࡋ௙ࡾࡀࡓࡃࠊ௙ᡂࡋ᪉┦ὴ❧ࡕ⏦ࡉࡎೃࠊ୪ࡧ࡟▼Ⅳࡢ൤ࡣ὾᪉࡬௙ධࢀ࿋ࢀೃ࡬ඹࠊᮌ
࣭ᯇⴥࡢ⩏ࡣᒣ᪉⾜㏕ࡾఱࢀඖධࢀ௙ࡿࡣኍேࡶᚚᗙ↓ࡃೃᨾࠊᒣ᪉㏆ᖺΏୡ᣺࠿࡬ᒣ
ᴗ௙ࡿ⪅ඹ⛥࡟⨭ࡾᡂࡾࠊ὾᪉ࡼࡾᮌ࣭ᯇⴥ↏௙ࡾࡓࡃ┦ᮃࡳೃࡶࡢᚚᗙೃ࡚ࡶྑࡢ௙
ྜࠊ⪁ᗂࡢ⪅࡝ࡶ₞ࠎᑡࠎᐄᮌ࣭ᯇⴥ௙ᡂࡋೃ࠼࡝ࡶ⪵ࡢ⸄ᘬᙜ࡚ࠊ὾ேඹཱྀ㔠❧࡚௙ࡿ⩏⨭ࡾᡂࡽࡎೃ஦ᨾࠊᣐ࡞ࡃ▼Ⅳ↏௙⩏࡟ᚚᗙೃᵝ┦⪺࠼ೃࠊ㸦ᚋ␎㸧ࠖࡇࡢᩥ᭩࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ໭ℿᒣ᪉࡜᧙㣴ሷ὾ࡢ㛫࡛⸄࣭ᯇⴥ್ẁࡢᢡࡾྜ࠸ࡘ࠿ࡎࠊᒣ᪉࡛
ࡣඖධࢀ㸦㈨ᮏࢆධࢀ࡚ၟ኎ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸧ࢆࡍࡿேࡀ㸯ேࡶ࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊ⏘ᴗ࡟࡞ࡽࡎከ
ࡃࡢᒣ✌ேࡀ௙஦ࢆኚ࠼࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛▼Ⅳࡢ್ẁࡀ㧗㦐ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᒣ✌ࡂࡢᡭ㛫ࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ⸄࣭ᯇⴥࢆ௙ධࢀࡓࡃ࡚ࡶ௙ධࢀࡽࢀ࡞࠸≧ἣ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᐇ㝿࡟▼Ⅳࡢ㧗㦐ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࠕ⸄௙ᡂ㖟ࠖ㸦▼Ⅳ↏ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓሙྜࠊ⸄↏ࡁ࡟୍ᐃࡢ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆᨭᡶ࠺௙⤌㸧ࢆ᪂タࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㢪᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠋሷ὾᪉࡛ࡣࠊእ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣ධရ࡛࠶ࡿ▼Ⅳ࡬ࡢ୍᪉ⓗ࡞౫Ꮡࢆᑡࡋ࡛ࡶῶࡽࡍࡓࡵࠊ⸄࣭ᯇⴥࢆ⏕⏘ࡍࡿ໭ℿࡢᮧࠎ࡜ࡢጇ༠
Ⅼࢆ᥈ࡗࡓࡀࠊ໭ℿࡢேࠎࡣ⏕ᴗ࡜ࡋ࡚ᡂࡾ❧ࡓ࡞࠸ᒣ✌ࡂࢆ⥆ࡅࡎࠊ㌿⫋ࢆᅗࡿࡶࡢࡀ
ከ࠿ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡇࡢࠕ⸄௙ᡂ㖟ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢᚋࡶᒣ᪉࡜὾᪉࡛㔠㢠ࡀᢡࡾྜࢃࡎࠊᩥᨻ 11
㸦1828㸧ᖺ࡟ࡣ໭ℿᒣ᪉ࡢᯘ᪉㐠ୖ㖟ࢆ༙ศ࡟ῶචࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࡯ࡰ໭ℿࡢ⸄࣭ᯇⴥࡢ⏕⏘᧔㏥ࡀබⓗ࡟ࡶㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

㸶໭ℿ⸄⏕⏘᚟⯆࡬ࡢᶍ⣴ࡑࡢᚋࠊ჆Ọඖ㸦1848㸧ᖺ࡟ሷ⏣ࡢ୰ᚰᆅࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠊ㧗ᓥᮧ⠛ཎᐙᩥ᭩࡛๓ฟࡢ

ࠕ▼Ⅳᖼᯇⴥ↏ඹⲨ✚ぢྜ⟬ᘓᖒࠖ 15 ࡀసᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⠛ཎᐙࡣ᧙㣴ሷ⏣ഃࡢ❧ሙࡔࡀࠊࡇࡢࡇࢁ▼Ⅳࡀࡉࡽ࡟㧗㦐ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜㛗ᮇ㛫⏕⏘ࡀᏳᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ
໭ℿ➼࡛ࡢ⸄࣭ᯇⴥࡢ⇞ᩱᮦ౑⏝ࡢ᚟άࢆᶍ⣴ࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢᖒ⡙ࢆసᡂࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢᖒ⡙ࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟グࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ձࠕྑ୧ရ㸦▼Ⅳ࡜⸄ᯇⴥ㸧Ⲩ✚⟬❧࡚࡟࡚ࡣࠊ▼Ⅳ↏ࡼࡾᯇⴥ↏ࡢ᪉࡟࡚ࠊᦆ㖟࡟࠶࠸ᡂࡾೃ࠼࡝ࡶࠊ▼Ⅳࡢ⩏ࡣ㏣ࠎධ὾භࣨᩜ㸦㞴ࡋࡃ㸧ࠊྑ┦ᛂᣠࣨᖺ⛬ࡢᖹࡋ㸦࡞ࡽࡋ㸧࡟࡚ᘨໜኍศ࡟┦❧࡚ೃ࠼࡝ࡶࠊྑ┦ሙ࡟ࡼࡾᘬୖࡾ⏦ࡋೃ࠿ࠊୗ┤ࡢ᪉ࡣᚚᗙ࠶ࡿࡲ

− 187 −

ࡌࡃ࡜Ꮡࡌዊࡾࠊ࠿ࡘཪࠊᯇⴥࡢ᪉⛬ඞ㸦࡯࡝ࡼࡃ㸧┦ὴ❧㸦ࡣࡔࡕ㸸┒ࢇ࡟࡞ࡿᵝ㸧ೃ᫬ࡣࠊ⮬↛࡜ୖရ≀ἑᒣ࡟࠶࠸ᡂࡾࠊ⊰ཪ✌᪉࡟ࡶ࡞࡟࠿࡜㒔ྜྥ┦㐪ࡶᚚᗙೃ࠼ࡤࠊ
ᙼ᫝୧ရඹ␃ࡾ㖟኱య↷ࡾྜࡏࡶ┦ᡂࡾೃ᪉࡜Ꮡࡌዊࡾೃࠖ
ղࠕᅄ༑㌺ᯇⴥ↏ࡢ❟ᐙࠊ༑஧ࣨᮧ㓄ᙜ௙ࡾࠊ඼ᮧษࠊᡭඖ┦ᛂࡢ὾ே୪ࡧ࡟⯪╔຾ᡭᐅࡁሙฎ➼ࡣࠊ඼ᮧࠎ࡟࡚ྲྀࡾ✲ࡵೃᵝ௮௜ࡽࢀࡓࡁᚚ஦ࠖ
ճࠕ᫂ᖺ↏ᯇⴥᅖ᪉ࡢ⩏⪅ࠊ‫ࡾࡼ⛅ڦ‬ᒣ᪉࡬ᠱྜࢽ┦ཬࡧೃ൤࡟࡚ࠊ‫ڦ‬෤ࡼࡾ⩣᫓㎾ࡢ௙
ᡂࡋᯇⴥ‫ڦ‬ᘔࡾ኱యᅄ᭶୰࡟ࡣᅖ┦௙⯙࠸ࡢᵝ┦㐠ࡧೃࢃࢇ࡚ࡣ୙౽฼࡟⨭ᡂࡾࠊᕥೃ
࡬ࡤኍࣨᖺศ௦㖟භ㈏┠వࡢฎࠊ༙ᩘ఩ᚚⅭ᭰ᚚᣏ೉௮௜ࡽࢀࡓࡁᚚ஦ࠖ
մࠕ㏆㡭▼Ⅳⓙ↏࡟┦ᡂࡾೃ࡚ࠊ௚ᅜࡣ໚ㄽᚚᅜ୪ࡧ࡟ῐᕞඹࠊ⤯࡚ᯇⴥᠱྜᚚᗙ࡞ࡃೃ
࡟௜ࡁࠊྈ௒ᯇⴥ᥃ྜ௙ࡾೃ࡚ࡶࠊ⢭ᐇࡢྲྀ⤌ࡣ┦ᡂࡾ㞴ࡃೃ࡟௜ࠊඛࠊᡭᐤ໭ℿඵ࠿ᮧࡢศࠊ௚ᅜ኎⛻ࡋࡃᚚᕪ␃௮ࡏ௜ࡅࡽࢀࠊᚚᯘ᪉ᚚᙺᡤࡼࡾࡶྑᮧࠎ࡬௙ᡂඖධ࡜ࡋ
࡚ࠊᚚᡭᙜ௮ࡏ௜ࡅࡽࢀೃ࠼ࡤࠊᚚ㐠ୖ㖟ࡶ୔ኵ࡟ୖ⣡┦⫱ࡴᵝᏑࡌዊࡾೃ࡟௜ࠊࡇࡢ
ẁᚚㆭㄯ௮ࡏ௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓࡁᚚ஦ࠖ

㸦‫ࡵࡓࡢᦆ◚ࡣڦ‬ㄞࡵࡎ㸧ࡲࡎ㧗ᓥᮧ⠛ཎᐙࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሷ὾ഃ࡛ࡶࠊሷ↏ࡁࡢ⇞ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚▼Ⅳࡀ㧗㦐ࡍࡿ୰࡛ࠊ໭ℿ௜㏆࡛ࡢ⸄࣭ᯇⴥࡢ⏕⏘ࡀ᫇ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㌶㐨࡟஌ࢀࡤࠊ▼Ⅳ࡜➇ࡾྜ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸࠿࡜ㄝ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ᧙㣴ሷ὾඲య஧ⓒ㌺ࡢ㔩ᒇࡢ࠺ࡕᅄ༑㌺㸦஧๭㸧ࢆᯇⴥ⅕ࡁ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ≉࡟໭ℿ࠿ࡽࡢᅇ₈ࡀࡋࡸࡍ࠸ᮧࢆỴࡵ࡚⸄࣭ᯇⴥ↏ࡁ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲ
ࡓࠊ᮶ᖺࡢ⸄࣭ᯇⴥࢆ⏕⏘ࡉࡏࡿ࡟ࡣࠊࡇࡢ⛅࠿ࡽᒣ᪉࡟᥃ࡅ࠶࠸ࠊ෤࠿ࡽ᫓࡟࠿ࡅ࡚⏕⏘ࡋ࡚㐜ࡃ࡜ࡶᅄ᭶୰࡟⤊ࢃࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊኟᒣ࡛ࡣ⸄࣭ᯇⴥࡢ⏕⏘ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊᡭ㛫㈤ࡢඛᡶ࠸ࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵᖺ㛫௦㖟භ㈏┠ࡢ༙ศࢆ೉ࡾࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠿ᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉ
ࡽ࡟ሷࡢ⸄࣭ᯇⴥ⅕ࡁࡣ▼Ⅳ⥲⅕ࡁ௨㝆㜿Ἴῐ㊰ࢆྵࡵ௚ᅜ࡛ࡶ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝↓ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡢ࡛ࠊᡭ㏆࡞໭ℿᒣࠎ࡛ࡢ⏕⏘ရࢆ௚ᅜ࡬኎ࡽࡏ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊ⸬ࡢᯘ᪉ᙺᡤ࠿ࡽඖධ
㔠ࢆධࢀ࡚⏘ᴗࢆ⫱࡚ࢀࡤ᚟άࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࢆሷ㔩㸯㌺࡛㸯ᖺ㛫▼Ⅳ࡜⸄ᯇⴥࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ሷࢆ↏࠸ࡓ࡜ࡁࡢ⟬⏝ࡀୗグࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ཮᪉ࡢ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ᚓศࡢᕪࡣᖺ㛫㖟 440 ┠⛬࠶ࡾࠊ⸄࣭ᯇⴥ⅕ࡁࢆ᚟άࡉࡏࡿ࡟ࡣཝ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡔ
ࢁ࠺ࠋ− 188 −

⾲㸰ሷ❟▼Ⅳ⅕ࡁ࣭ᯇⴥ⅕ࡁ㸯ᖺ㛫ࡢ⟬⏝⾲㸯㌺๓ᯇⴥ↏ࡁࡢ⟬⏝㸯ࣨᖺࡢᯇⴥ௦❟↏㈤ᅖᡭ㛫ேኵ㈤๓೉฼㊊ᑠィ㸯㌺๓▼Ⅳ⅕ࡁࡢ⟬⏝

6 ㈏ 188 ໜ

1 ࣨᖺࡢ▼Ⅳ௦

1 ㈏ 49 ໜ 7 ศ 5 ཊ❟↏㈤331 ໜ 5 ศ▼Ⅳ኎ᣠ㈤371 ໜ 3 ศ 8 ཊ❟❧↏ࡁ௜ࡅᮌ௦

7 ㈏ 940 ┠ 6 ศ 3 ཊൾ࠸㖟ฟ᮶ሷ௦㸫ᑠィ

5 ㈏ 319 ໜ 3 ศ 7 ཊ▼Ⅳ↏ൾ࠸㖟

552 ໜ 5 ศᯇⴥ⅊኎ࡾ௦㖟55 ໜ 2 ศ 5 ཊ

5 ㈏ 578 ໜ 1 ศ 2 ཊ
1 ㈏ 50 ┠55 ໜ 2 ศ 5 ཊ
80 ┠138 ໜ 1 ศ 3 ཊᑠィ

6 ㈏ 896 ໜ 5 ศᚓศ

6 ㈏ 363 ໜ 5 ศ㸦▼Ⅳൾ࠸㖟ࡣ㸯᪥࡟㸯ໜ㸰ศ㸳ཊ㸧

5 ㈏ 927 ໜ 1 ศ 2 ཊᚓศ⠛ཎᐙᩥ᭩ࠕ▼Ⅳᖼᯇⴥ↏ඹⲨ✚ぢྜ⟬ᘓᖒࠖࡼࡾసᡂ

ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ໭ℿࡢ⸨಴ᐙᩥ᭩࡟ࡣࠊ჆Ọ୕ᖺ࣭ᅄᖺ࡟ᰘ⯪✌㸦⸄➼ࡢᘔ⯪㸧ࡢ᪂タ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㢪᭩ࡀฟ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᥦ᱌࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚⸄⏕⏘᚟ά࡬ࡢᶍ⣴ࡀᐇ㝿࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ
ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊ⸨಴ᐙᩥ᭩ࠊᖥᮎᮇ࡛࠶ࡿᩥஂ㸱ᖺ 1863 ᖺ࡟ࡘࡃࡽࢀࡓࠕ⏦ୖぬࠖ㸦16㸧ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

ࠕ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿぬ໭ℿᮧࠎ᝷ᒣ௙ᡂࡋ᪉ࡢ⩏ࡣࠊୖᮌ୕ẁ࡟┦⫱࡚ࠊⲨᮌࡢศࡼࡾᖺᘔࡾ┦௙ᡂࡋࠊୗ
ⲡࡢ⩏ࡣዟᒣ㇂ࠎࡲ࡛ࡶᖺࠎୗส௙ࡾࠊᮌ࣭ᯇⴥ࣭ᰘࡢ⩏ࡣࡍ࡭࡚᧙㣴ᆅሷ❤↏࡟┦⏝࠸ೃฎࡼࡾࠊୗᯇࡢ⏕❧ࡕࡶᐅࡋࡃ᭷ࡾ㞴ࡃΏୡ┦Ⴀࡳ᮶ࡾᒃࡾ⏦ࡍ࡜ࡇࢁࠊཤࡿ
ᩥᨻᖺ୰ࡼࡾ᧙㣴὾᪉▼Ⅳ᭰↏௨᮶ࠊୗⲡᤍཱྀࡇࢀ↓ࡁฎࡼࡾ᝷ᒣ㡰ࠎ㏆ᒣࡲ࡛ࡶୗ
ส௙ࡽࡎೃ࡟௜࡚ࡣࠊ㏣ࠎⲈ࣭㨣ࡋࡔࡢࡳ⏕⦾ࡾࠊᑠᯇஅ㢮ࡣ㒔࡚┦⏕࠼⏦ࡉࡎࠊୖᮌ࣭ṧࡾᮌࡢศࡶᖺᘔࡾẖࠎఆࡾᑾࡃࡋࠊ᭱ᐤ㏆ᒣ࡜࡚ࡶ㏆ᖺㅖရ㧗್࡟㝶࠸⮬↛௙ᡂࡋῶ࡟┦ᡂࡾࠊྈ௒᝷ᒣࡢᶍᵝࢆぢ✚ࡾೃ࡚ࡣᙼ᫝භࠊ୐ศ㏻ࡶ᝷ᒣྠᵝࡢጼ࡟┦ᡂࡾࠊᢡゅ㏆ᖺྂ᮶ᮍ᭯᭷ࡢᮌရ㧗┤ẁ࡟ࢽ┦ᡂೃ࡚ࡶࠊ๓㢧ࡢᠱࡾ᰿ඖࡢᮌရ┦ῶࡌᒃࡾ⏦ࡍฎࡼࡾࠊ✵ᩜ㸦ࡴ࡞ࡋࡃ㸧ⓒጣΏୡࢆኻ࠸ࠊ↓ᐙ╩ࡢ⪅ඹࡣ┈ࠎᅔ❓࡟┦− 189 −

㏕ࡾᒃࡾ⏦ࡍ⩏࡟ᚚᗙೃࠊేࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡇࡢୖࡶᮌရ㧗┤ࡢ㛫࡟᝟ࠎ㨣ࡋࡔ࣭Ⲉࢆࡶส
ࡾᢤࡁࠊ᳜ᯇ࡞࡝ࡶ௙ࡾࠊ࡞࡟࡜ࡒ๓ᖺࡢጼ࡬❧ࡕᡠࡉࡏ⏦ࡋᗘࠊ୍⤫┦ບࡳᒃࡾ⏦ࡍ⩏࡟ࡣᚚᗙೃ࠼࡝ࡶࠊ୰ࠎᙜ᫬஬ᖺࠊ༑ᖺࡢෆࠊᡤヮ๓ᖺࡢጼ࡬❧ᡠࡾೃᵝ┦ぢ࡬⏦ࡉࡎࠊྑ௙ྜࡢᚚ㐠ୖ㖟ฟ⢭࡜⏦ࡍ⛬ࡢሙྜ࡟࡚ࡣ඲ࡃࡇࢀ↓ࡃࠊࡼࡗ࡚ཤ෤௨᮶
ᩘᗘᚚᡭᢲࡋ࡟ࡶ௮ࡏ⪺࠿ࡉࢀࠊẖᗘཧ఍⏦ㄯ࡟┦ཬࡧೃ࠼࡝ࡶࠊᚚ⟅⏦ୖᵝࡶࡇࢀ↓ࡃࠊᜍ࡞ࡀࡽ㐜⁫௙ࡾᒃࡾ⏦ࡍ⩏࡟ᚚᗙೃ㛫ࠊ࡞࡟࡜ࡒ๓᮲ࡢጤ᭤ᚚ㈼ᐹࡢୖࠊ↛ࡿ࡭ࡁᵝᚚᇳࡾᡂࡋࡢ⛬㢪࠸ୖࡆዊࡾࡓࡃࠊኻᩗ࡞ࡀࡽᶓษ᭩௜ࢆ௨࡚᭷ጼࡢ㐠ࡧᚚ
ᡭඖᵝࡲ࡛⏦ࡋୖࡆዊࡾೃࠊ௨ୖ

ᩥஂ୕஻ᖺ༑஧᭶

◻ᾆᮧᗉᒇ

ඵ⏣Ꮮኴኵ

኱㡲ᮧᗉᒇ

໭ᓥ⸨୕㑻

ᢡ㔝ᮧᗉᒇ

኱す⡿ኴ

㫽ࣨ୸ᮧᗉᒇ

㢮ᐟẟ㇂ᮧᗉᒇ

㛗ྑ⾨㛛

኱ᾆᮧᗉᒇ

ᐁኴ㑻

⢖⏣ᮧᗉᒇ

⸨಴௝ᕥ⾨㛛

᷸ᮌᮧᗉᒇ

ఏර⾨

‖㇂ᮧᗉᒇ

ᖾᕥ⾨㛛

ⶶ

┿㘠⩏அ୥࣭┿㘠 Ꮫ㑻 Ẋࠖࡇࡢ㈨ᩱࡣ໭ℿඵ࠿ᮧ࠾ࡼࡧᮾ࡟㞄᥋ࡍࡿ‖㇂ᮧࡢᗉᒇࡓࡕࡀᚚᯘ᪉ୗᙺ࡛࠶ࡿᯘ┠௜┿㘠⩏அ୥ࡽ࡟㏦ࡗࡓ⸄࣭ᯇⴥࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓᒣ✌ࡂᐇែ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗ࿌᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
໭ℿࡢᮧࠎ࡛ࡣࠊඖࠎࡣࠊୖᮌ㸦ᮦᮌ࡜ࡋ࡚ୖ➼࡞ᮌ࣭ᯇࢆྵࡴ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㛫ఆࢆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᖺᅇࡾࢆぢ࡚ษࡾฟࡋࠊୗⲡࡣዟᒣ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ᖺࠎୗสࡾࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ⸄࣭ᯇⴥࡣ඲࡚
᧙㣴ᆅሷ㔩↏ࡁ࡟඲࡚ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜᭩ࡁࠊ໭ℿࡢᒣ᪉࡜ሷ὾᪉ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟Ⰻ࠸㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡗࡓ
ࡇ࡜ࢆグࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓୗⲡสࡾ࡟ࡼࡾࡉࡽ࡟ᯇࡢ⏕⫱ࡶⰋࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ࡜࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ᚠ⎔ࡀసࡾฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ᧙㣴ሷ❟࡛▼Ⅳ↏ࡁࡀᑟධࡉࢀ࡚࠿ࡽୗⲡࡢࡣࡅཱྀࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ඲࡚ࡢᒣ࡛ୗ
สࡾࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋୗสࡾࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊⲈࡸ㨣ࢩࢲࡢࡳࡀ⏕࠸ⱱࡾࠊᑠᯇ
࡞࡝ࡀ⏕࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊⰋ࠸ᯇࡣษࡾᑾࡃࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࠋ
㏆ᖺࡣ≀౯ࡀୖࡀࡾࠊᮌࡢ್ẁࡀྂ᮶ᮍ᭯᭷࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿ⛬㧗࠸ࡢ࡟ࠊᮌ⮬యࡀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ

− 190 −

ⓒጣඹࡣ௙஦ࢆኻ࠸ࠊᐙ╩ࡢ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍᅔ❓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾࠊᮌࡢ್ẁࡀ㧗࠸ෆ࡟ࠊⲈࡸ㨣ࢩࢲࢆᘬࡁᢤ࠸࡚ࠊᯇࢆ᳜࠼࡚ඖࡢᒣ࡟ᡠࡑ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊඖ࡟ᡠࡍࡓࡵ࡟
ࡣ㸳ᖺ࣭10 ᖺࡢᮇ㛫࡛ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠊ࡜᭩࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⸬ࡢᯘ᪉ࡣࠊᮌᮦࡢ್ẁࡀ㧗࠸ࡇࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟ᑡࡋ࡛ࡶ໭ℿࡢᮧࠎ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᒣࡢ⏘ᴗࢆඖ࡟ᡠࡑ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔࡀࠊୗⲡสࡾࡀ⏘ᴗ࡜࡞ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊᒣࡢ⏘ᴗ඲యࡢ᚟⯆ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᚟⯆࡟ࡣ⮳ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㸷ࡴࡍࡧ࡜ᒎᮃ
㬆㛛᧙㣴ࡢ〇ሷᴗࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡋࡓ⸄࣭ᯇⴥ࡞࡝⇞ᩱᮦࡢᒣ✌ࡂࡣࠊ▼Ⅳᑟධࡲ࡛㬆㛛㏆㎶

ࡢᒣ㛫ᆅ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᖺ㛫㸰୓୧ࢆ⏕ࡴ࡯࡝ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞⏘ᴗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢᒣ✌ࡂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㬆㛛໭ℿࡢᒣࠎ࡛ࡣᒣࡢᡭධࢀࡀ⾜ࡁᒆࡁࠊᯇᯘࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓᒣࡢᬒほࡀᏲࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ〇ሷᴗ࡬ࡢእ࠿ࡽࡢ㧗ຠ⋡࡞▼Ⅳᑟධ࡟ࡼࡾࡑ࠺ࡋࡓࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࡣᔂࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡇ
ࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚໭ℿࡢᒣࠎ࠿ࡽࠊ㬆㛛᧙㣴ࡢ〇ሷᆅᇦ࡬ࡢฟ✌ࡂࡸ⸛సᆅᇦ࡬ࡢฟ✌ࡂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ேࠎࡀὶฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡾࠊᒣࡀⲨࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ໭ℿࡢᒣ᪉ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ〇ሷᴗࡢഃ࡛ࡶᖥᮎᮇࡢ࢖ࣥࣇࣞ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡿ▼Ⅳࡢ㧗㦐࡞࡝ࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ࠊඖࠎᏳᐃࡋ࡚⏕⏘ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ⸄࣭ᯇⴥ⅕ࡁࢆ᚟άࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡣఱᗘࡶᶍ
⣴ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࠋᒣ᪉ࡀᏳᐃࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᆅᇦ඲యࡢ⤒῭ࡸ἞Ᏻ➼ࡢᏳᐃ࡟⧅ࡀࡿ
࡜ඹ࡟ࠊඖࠎ࠶ࡗࡓᩚ↛࡜ࡋࡓᯇᯘࢆᣢࡘᒣࡢᬒほࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡍ࡜࠸࠺ពᅗࡶᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⤮⏬ࡸ⤮ᅗ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࠊᩚ↛ࡋࡓᯇᯘࡀᗈࡀࡿ㬆㛛ࡢ㢼ᬒࡣࠊ⸄࣭ᯇⴥ⏕⏘ࡢࡓࡵேࠎࡢᡭ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ᏺࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ୍㠃ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㬆㛛᧙㣴ࡢሷ㔩࡛▼Ⅳ⅕ࡁࡀᗈࡀࡾࠊ
ᒣࡀⲨࢀࡓ≧ἣ௨㝆ࡢᵝᏊࡋ࠿ᡃࠎࡣぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⸄࣭ᯇⴥ⏕⏘ࡀ┒ࢇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓỤᡞ᫬௦୰ᮇ௨๓࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㬆㛛ࡢ㢼ᬒࡣࠊ⌧ᅾ࡜ࡣ㐪࠺㠃࡛⣲ᬕࡽࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡔࡗࡓࡔࢁ࠺ࠋὀ
1 㬆㛛ᕷྐ⦅⧩ጤဨ఍⦅ࠗ㬆㛛ᕷྐୗᕳู෉

㬆㛛㎶㞟࠘㸦1988㸧

2 ᯈ㔝㒆㧗ᓥᮧᗉᒇ⠛ཎᐙᩥ᭩㸦ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᐤク㸧ࠕ▼Ⅳᖼᯇⴥ↏ඹⲨ✚ぢྜ⟬ᘓᖒࠖ㸦჆Ọඖᖺ㸦1848㸧

㺚㺧㺨 03764㸧

− 191 −

3 ᯈ㔝㒆ఫྜྷᮧ⤌㢌ᗉᒇᒣ⏣ᐙᩥ᭩㸦ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᐤク㸧ࠕ㜿Ἴᚿ⦅㞟ᯈ㔝㒆༑␒அෆ஧␒ሷᒇ⤌ࠖ㸦ᐶᨻභᖺ㸦1794㸧㐍ㄢ⦅ࠗ㜿Ἴᚿ⦅㞟
4 ࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ

㺲㺭 203243㸧ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ㬆㛛ᕷᕷẸ⎔ቃ㒊ᩥ໬஺ὶ᥎

㬆㛛ᕷᇦࡢ⤌ᮧศ࠘㸦2013㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⩻้ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

₻ࠖୡ⏺㑇⏘Ⓩ㘓Ꮫ⾡ㄪᰝ᳨ウጤဨ఍⦅ࠗࠕ㬆㛛ࡢㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩㹼ᩥ໬⦅㹼࠘
㸦2017㸧
㸦௨ୗࠗࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖୡ⏺㑇⏘Ⓩ㘓Ꮫ₻ࠖሗ࿌᭩࠘࡜␎ࡍࠋ㸧⚟ᐙΎྖࠕཎ

ጞ࣭ྂ௦࣭୰ୡࡢ㬆㛛ᾏᓙࠖ㸦15 㡫㹼㸧ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
5 ࠗࠕ㬆㛛ࡢ₻ࠖሗ࿌᭩࠘ ᑠᶫ㟹ࠕῐ㊰ᓥ࡜㬆㛛ᕷᇦࡢሷᴗ㸫ᅵჾ〇ሷ࠿ࡽ⌧௦ࡢሷᴗࡲ࡛㸫ࠖ㸦441 㡫㹼㸧ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
6 ࠕᯈ㔝㒆ᅗࠖࡣࠊ㸦බ㈈㸧୕ᮌᩥᗜࡀᡤⶶࡍࡿᯈ㔝㒆ࡢศ㛫ᅗࠋᩥ໬ 12 ᖺ㸦1816㸧ࡢ
グ㏙ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
7 㜿Ἴ㒆ఀἑᮧỌ஭ᐙᩥ᭩㸦ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᐤク㸧ࠕぬࠖ㸦ኳ᫂ 6 ᖺ 1786

㺣㺔㺐 02519㸧

8 ᯈ㔝㒆ᯈᮾᮧᗉᒇ㏆⸨ᐙᩥ᭩㸦ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᡤⶶ㸧࡟ࡣࠊᢡ㔝࣭㫽ࣨ୸࡞࡝ࡢ໭ℿࡢᮧࢆྵࡵࠊ⸄ᮐࡢ㐠ୖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱࡀṧࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㜿ㆭᒣ⬦ࡢ༡໭࡛⸄⏕⏘ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ኱ᓥ⏣ᮧᩥ᭩㸦ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᡤⶶ㸧࡛ࡣ኱ᓥ⏣ᮧ㸦⌧㬆㛛⏫㸧ࠊᮌὠᮧ㛗㇂ᑎᩥ᭩㸦ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᐤク㸧࡛ࡣᮌὠᮧ࡛ࡶ⸄ࢆ⏕⏘ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㈨ᩱࡀぢ࠼ࡿࠋ
9 ๓ฟᑠᶫ㟹ࠕῐ㊰ᓥ࡜㬆㛛ᕷᇦࡢሷᴗࠖ460 㡫ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
10 ᯈ㔝㒆⢖⏣ᮧᗉᒇ⸨಴ᐙᩥ᭩㸦ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᐤク㸧ࠕゐᘔ≧ࠖ㸦ᩥᨻ 9 ᖺ㸦1826㸧ࣧ㺪㺚㺖 00816㸧
11 ๓ฟᑠᶫ㟹ࠕῐ㊰ᓥ࡜㬆㛛ᕷᇦࡢሷᴗࠖ461 㡫ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
12 㜿Ἴ㒆ఀἑᮧỌ஭ᐙᩥ᭩㸦ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᐤク㸧ࠕஆᜍዊ㢪ୖぬࠖ㸦ᩥ໬ 10 ᖺ㸦1813㸧
㺣㺔㺐 01295㸧࡞࡝ࠋ
13 ᯈ㔝㒆➉℩ᮧᗉᒇᮌෆᐙᩥ᭩㸦ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᐤク㸧ࠕ໭ℿ➽ᅔ❓ࢽ௜ᚚḹ⏦ୖ⏘ᴗ᪉ᚚㆭㄯ⿕௮௜㈚㝃୍ᕳࠖ㸦ᩥᨻ 8 ᖺ㸦1825㸧
14

㺕㺧㺑 01001㸧

ᯈ㔝㒆⢖⏣ᮧᗉᒇ⸨಴ᐙᩥ᭩㸦ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᐤク㸧ࠕ⏦ୖࣝぬࠖ
㸦ᩥᨻ 8 ᖺ㸦1825㸧
㺪㺚㺖 00987㸧

15 ๓ฟ⠛ཎᐙᩥ᭩ࠕ▼Ⅳᖼᯇⴥ↏ඹⲨ✚ぢྜ⟬ᘓᖒࠖ
16 ᯈ㔝㒆⢖⏣ᮧᗉᒇ⸨಴ᐙᩥ᭩㸦ᚨᓥ┴❧ᩥ᭩㤋ᐤク㸧ࠕ⏦ୖぬࠖ㸦ᩥஂ 3 ᖺ㸦1863㸧
㺪㺚㺖 00339㸧

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「鳴門の渦潮」世界遺産登録学術調査報告書
発行日

平成 31 年４月 22 日発行

発行者 「鳴門の渦潮」世界遺産登録学術調査委員会
電話088−621−2012

ファクシミリ製本

協業組合 徳島印刷センター

088−621−2830