INDONESIAI.

Natural hazards in Indonesia

1.1 Natural hazards likely to affect the country
Earthquake, slides, volcanic eruption, flood, epidemic, wild fires, windstorm, epidemic, wave/surge.
1.2 Recent major disasters
year
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004

dis_subset
Earthquake
Landslide
Earthquake
Explosive
EruptionFlash Flood
Epidemic
Wild Fires
Arbovirus
Explosive
Eruption
Explosive
Eruption
Earthquake
Earthquake
Tsunamino_killed total_affected dam(US’000s)
―
1684―
―
143―
1659
26767704700658

26000
768225―58301

――
―
―
―

0

16828

―

2
33
32
165708

20005
83381
12833
532898――55000
4451600

Source: "EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database,www.em-dat.net - Université catholique de Louvain - Brussels Belgium"
Earthquake in Nias island (North Sumatera Province) on March 28,
2005, which is 8.7 Richter Scale caused 853 peoples died, 6.278 injured.
Around 32.637 houses destroyed and 13.115 houses totally destroyed.
This disaster caused 22.351 peoples displaced.
Flash flood that happened in Kutacane, South East Ache District(Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province) on October 18, 2005 caused 21
people died, 53 people injured and 1.448 people displaced.

Flash Flood that happened in Jember, East Java Province on December
31, 2005 caused 77 people died, 55 injured and 7.605 people displaced.

II.

Disaster Management system

2.1 Administrative system

Conventional long form:
Conventional short form:
Type of Government:
Capital:Administrative divisions:

Republic of Indonesia
Indonesia
republic
Jakarta
30 provinces (propinsi-propinsi, singular propinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerahistimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1
special capital city district** (daerah khususibukota);

2.2 Legal system, legal framework
The legislation of disaster management is in the process to be stipulated.
In mid of 1990’s the government had proposed the draft of Disaster
Management Act, but the process is stuck. After the Tsunami Disaster on
December 2004, the need of disaster management regulation is urgent.
The DPR (House of Representatives) has initiative to formulate Disaster
Management Act, and presently are submitted to the government.
2.3 Structure of disaster management
Based on the Presidential Decree Number 83 year 2005, the organization
structure of disaster management in Indonesia is as following:
National level:
BAKORNAS PB

Chaired by Vice President
Vice Chairman I: Min of People Welfare
Vice Chairman II: Min of Home Affairs
Members: Min of HealthMin of Social Affairs
Min of Public Works
Min of Energy and Minerals
Min of Transportation
Min of Communications
Min of FinanceArmed Forces Commander
Head of National Police
Chairman of Red Cross
Secretary: Kalakhar(ChiefExecutingOfficer)
BAKORNAS PB is supported by Executing Office, headed by Kalakhar.

Provincial level:
SATKORLAK PB Chaired by Governor
District or Municipal level:
SATLAK PB
Chaired by Bupati
Mayor(HeadofDistrict)

2.4 Priority on disaster risk management-Legislation and regulation
Human Resources Development and Capacity Building
Institution Building (Revitalization)
Risk Mapping
Disaster Preparedness Plan

III.

Disaster management plan

(1)

Sort of Plan

(2)

Legal Basis- Presidential Decree Number 3 Year 2001
- Decree of Secretary of BAKORNAS PBP Number 2 Year
2001

(3)

Date of Creation of the Plan
March 30, 2001

(4)

ContentDisaster Management Guideline

Part 1 Preliminary- Background- Basic Legislation- Purpose- Scope- Definitions
Part 2 Policy and Strategy- Policy- Strategy
Part 3 Organization- Position- Task and Function- Structureor

Part 4 Mechanism- General- Pre Disaster- During Disaster- Post Disaster
Part 5 Main Activities- Operational Activities- Supporting Activities
Part 6 Funding- Sources- Planning- Accountability
Part 7IV.

ClosureBudget size on national level

Prevention and Mitigation:
The total amount of this budget is difficult to identify because it spreads
into sectoral program of development.
Contingency budget for disaster response:
US. $. 125.800.000
Rehabilitation and reconstruction:a. Aceh and Nias : US.$. 210.000.000
b. Other Region : US. $. 109.000.000
V.

Progress and situations of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)Action 1Aceh Tsunami followed by other major disasters in Indonesia since2004 to 2005 has raised our awareness that strong institution ofdisaster management is required. The institution should havesufficient power to coordinate the disaster management activities andclear mandate to deal with disaster. Therefore, Government of theRepublic of Indonesia aims to revitalize the Disaster ManagementInstitutioninalllevels(National,Provincialanddistrict/Municipality). The institutional role will be powered by
Disaster Management Bill which is being discussed by Governmentand House of Representatives.
Action 2Government of the Republic of Indonesia has already finished a

master plan or grand design of the Tsunami Early Warning System
which will be developed into multi hazards early warning system. In
the early phase (first year), It has already been set up thearrangement of seismic and tidal wave gauges for earthquake andtsunami monitoring. Right now, Meteorological and GeophysicalAgency (BMG) enable to calculate the magnitude and locate theepicenter within 10 minute after the incident. In the past, forcalculating parameters of earthquake took at least 30 minutes. Ourtarget, the tsunami early warning center (BMG) will able to give
tsunami warning within 10 minutes.
Action 3
Valuable lesson from Aceh Tsunami disaster has opened our mind
that the most effective way to reduce the risk of disaster is throughcommunity capacity building. Government facilitates community,institution, organization to involve in the capacity building processes.
Government supports the establishment of Centers of Disaster
Management Study in Universities such as University of Gadjah
Mada (Yogyakarta), Bandung Institute of Technology (Bandung) and
Sepuluh November Institute of Technology. Local Non Government
Organizations are also increasing activities in building capacity of thecommunity to deal with disaster.
Action 4
Hydrometeorological related disasters are the most often in Indonesia.
The main cause of the disaster is environmental degradation due toexcessive land cultivation and deforestation. Hence, Government
stipulated The National Movement for Land Rehabilitation andForestation. The main objective of the policy is to improve
environmental condition which is becoming worse. The target of land
rehabilitation and forestation program is 3 million hectares which
will be completed within 5 years. The program it self has been started
since 2003.
Action 5In order to raise awareness and preparedness to disaster, someactivities have been taken. Those are simulation exercises to deal
with disaster and training on capacity building and contingency
planning for all level (National, Provincial and district/municipal).
Encouraging local government to provide contingency budged to deal
with unpredictable disasters.

VI.

Projects on disaster reduction
(1)
(2)
(3)

Sectional Topic
Capacity Building for Local Government and Community
ActorsBAKORNAS PBP, SATKORLAK PBP and SATLAK PBPPartners
UN (OCHA, WFP, UNDP, WHO, UNESCO)

(4)

Title
Workshop Training on Emergency Management andContingency Planning(5) Contents
Training for National Facilitators
Training for Disaster and Emergency Management,
Workshop on Contingency Planning for Tsunami Hazard(6) Mean of Implementation
Training and Workshop(7) Target year
6 (six) months (2005/2006)(8) Target area
Provinces of West Sumatra, Bengkulu, Lampung and East Nusa
Tenggara(9) Expected outcome
Facilitators (national, provincial and districts)
Contingency Plan for District/Municipal and Province Level(10) Progress
There are 2 (two) provinces levels: West Sumatra and East Nusa
Tenggara had conducted the trainings and workshops. There are
5 (five) districts in West Sumatra: Pesisir Selatan, Padang,
Padang Pariaman, Pasaman Barat and Mentawai Islands. Alsoin the 7 (seven) districts in the Flores island (East Nusa
Tenggara).
(11) Other Information
The module and material used in the training and workshop are
modified from UNHCR Emergency Management andContingency Planning, UN Disaster Management Training
Program.
VII.

Counterpart Organization for ADRC
National Coordinating Board for Disaster Management(BAKORNAS PB)
Jalan Ir. H. Juanda 36, Jakarta
www.bakornaspbp.or.id