KRT Software Operation Guide
V3.9.0Kingsine Electric Automation Co.,Ltd. © 1999-2022

by Kingsine Electric Automation Co.,Ltd.

Dear Customers:
Thank you for your using Kingsine brand protection relay testing system.
Hope that the technical data and help information in the manual will be
provided to you as detailed as possible about how to use Kingsine
products. Meanwhile, we shall be much appreciated to receiving any
views about this manual from all the readers and all the experts in the lineof relay testing. Should any business advice or technical support service
required, then you are welcome to call us or visit our website.

Notes:
Please concern the latest information on our website to get the latest andmost helpful information for your work. The function and pictures in thismanual should be based on the real published product.

KRT Software Operation Guide
Kingsine Electric Automation Co.,Ltd. © 1999-2022

All rights reserved. No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information
storage and retrieval systems - without the written permission of the publisher.
Products that are referred to in this document may be either trademarks and/or registeredtrademarks of the respective owners. The publisher and the author make no claim to these
trademarks.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document, the publisher and theauthor assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of
information contained in this document or from the use of programs and source code that may
accompany it. In no event shall the publisher and the author be liable for any loss of profit or any
other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by thisdocument.
Printed: Jan, 2018

Publisher
Kingsine Electric Automation Co.,Ltd

Managing Editor
Xiong Zhihuai
Technical Editors
Li Zhi
Yang XueKe
Gao Yan
Team Coordinator
Jin Tone

Contents

5

Table of Contents
Part 1 KRT Software User Guide

8................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1 Instructions
1.1.2........................................................................................................................................................... 8
Basic Concept........................................................................................................................................................... 12
Installation

1.1.3...........................................................................................................................................................
13
Communication
Setting

1.1.1...................................................................................................................................
Page15
1.2 Start
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3

1.2.4

........................................................................................................................................................... 15
Test Modules........................................................................................................................................................... 16
Test Template
Setting........................................................................................................................................................... 16
Hardw are.................................................................................................................................................. 16
Softw are .................................................................................................................................................. 17
UserInfo ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Phase........................................................................................................................................... 18
Default Value........................................................................................................................................... 20
Binary........................................................................................................................................... 20
Directory ........................................................................................................................................... 22
AuxDC .................................................................................................................................................. 22........................................................................................................................................................... 23
SupportCalibration.................................................................................................................................................. 23
Upgrade .................................................................................................................................................. 23
License .................................................................................................................................................. 24...................................................................................................................................
Modules Overview
25
1.3 Test
1.3.1
1.3.2
1.3.3
1.3.4
1.3.5
1.3.6

........................................................................................................................................................... 25
Menu bar
27
Status ...........................................................................................................................................................
bar........................................................................................................................................................... 28
Test Center...........................................................................................................................................................
31
Test view, State Table view , Setting view
31
Vector ...........................................................................................................................................................
View...........................................................................................................................................................
32
Other View...................................................................................................................................
config32
1.4 System
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
1.4.4

33
Device ...........................................................................................................................................................
Config...........................................................................................................................................................
35
Amplifieroutput connection...........................................................................................................................................................
36
IEC61850
mode
IEC61850-9-1..................................................................................................................................................
/237...........................................................................................................................................................
38
Binary input& outputs
GOOSE mode.................................................................................................................................................. 38
Hard Contacts..................................................................................................................................................
(Relay type)39...................................................................................................................................
Object39
1.5 Test
1.5.1
1.5.2
1.5.3
1.5.4

...........................................................................................................................................................
41
Test Object
Converter
42
Device ...........................................................................................................................................................
object...........................................................................................................................................................
43
Distance
Object...........................................................................................................................................................
45
Overcurrent Object

1.5.6...........................................................................................................................................................
46
Differential
ObjectProtection..................................................................................................................................................
Device Tab
46
Characteristic..................................................................................................................................................
Definition Tab
49
Harmonic Tab.................................................................................................................................................. 49...........................................................................................................................................................
49
Synchronizer
Object1.5.7

50
Circuit ...........................................................................................................................................................
Breaker Object

1.5.5

test
50
1.6 AC...................................................................................................................................

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KRT Software Operation Guide
1.6.1
1.6.2
1.6.3
1.6.4

...........................................................................................................................................................
52
Set Modeof Analog Output...........................................................................................................................................................
53
Rampingmode...........................................................................................................................................................
54
Fault Trigger
Logic
55
Result ...........................................................................................................................................................
View

1.6.6

...........................................................................................................................................................
55
Impedance
View...........................................................................................................................................................
55
Time Signal View

1.6.7

56
Wiring ...........................................................................................................................................................
View

1.6.5

................................................................................................................................... 56
1.7 Ramping
1.7.1
1.7.2
1.7.3
1.7.4
1.7.5
1.7.6

...........................................................................................................................................................
58
Set Modeof Analog Output...........................................................................................................................................................
59
Rampingmode...........................................................................................................................................................
59
Fault Trigger
Logic...........................................................................................................................................................
60
Results view...........................................................................................................................................................
61
Impedance
View...........................................................................................................................................................
61
Time Signal View................................................................................................................................... 62
1.8 StateSequencer
1.8.1
1.8.2
1.8.3

1.8.4

62
States ...........................................................................................................................................................
Menu Bar...........................................................................................................................................................
62
State Table
63
Setting...........................................................................................................................................................
View
Analog Output.................................................................................................................................................. 63
Trigger Condition.................................................................................................................................................. 64
Binary Output..................................................................................................................................................
Setting
65
General .................................................................................................................................................. 65
Others .................................................................................................................................................. 65........................................................................................................................................................... 65
Other View
Result Evaluation.................................................................................................................................................. 66
Time evaluation........................................................................................................................................... 66
State evaluation........................................................................................................................................... 67
Time Signal..................................................................................................................................................
View
68
Impedance..................................................................................................................................................
View
68
Wiring View.................................................................................................................................................. 68................................................................................................................................... 68
1.9 Harmonic
1.9.2...........................................................................................................................................................
70
Harmonic
Characteristic...........................................................................................................................................................
70
Fault Trigger
Logic

1.9.3

71
Result ...........................................................................................................................................................
View

1.9.1

...................................................................................................................................
Test
71
1.10 Frequency...........................................................................................................................................................
72
1.10.1 Under-Frequency
mode
Frequency.................................................................................................................................................. 73
Time.................................................................................................................................................. 74
df/dt Latch.................................................................................................................................................. 75
Under-U Latch.................................................................................................................................................. 76
Under-I Latch.................................................................................................................................................. 77...........................................................................................................................................................
78
1.10.2 Under-Voltage
mode
Voltage .................................................................................................................................................. 78
Time.................................................................................................................................................. 79
dv/dt Latch.................................................................................................................................................. 80
Under-I Latch.................................................................................................................................................. 81................................................................................................................................... 82
1.11 Transplay...........................................................................................................................................................
83
1.11.1 Channels
Combine........................................................................................................................................................... 84
1.11.2 Binary Output........................................................................................................................................................... 84
1.11.3 Advance........................................................................................................................................................... 84
1.11.4 Information................................................................................................................................... 84
1.12 Distance........................................................................................................................................................... 85
1.12.1 Shot Test
86
1.12.2 Search...........................................................................................................................................................
Test

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7........................................................................................................................................................... 86
1.12.3 Test Parameter........................................................................................................................................................... 88
1.12.4 Binary setting...........................................................................................................................................................
89
1.12.5 Impedance
View...........................................................................................................................................................
90
1.12.6 Time Signal
View...........................................................................................................................................................
90
1.12.7 Z/t Characteristic
Diagram................................................................................................................................... 90
1.13 Overcurrent........................................................................................................................................................... 91
1.13.1 Test Point91
1.13.2 Setting...........................................................................................................................................................
Parameter........................................................................................................................................................... 92
1.13.3 Binary setting...........................................................................................................................................................
93
1.13.4 Overcurrent
Characteristic...........................................................................................................................................................
93
1.13.5 Time Signal
View................................................................................................................................... 94
1.14 Differential...........................................................................................................................................................
94
1.14.1 Bias Curve
Diff.
Shot Test ..................................................................................................................................................
tab
95
Search Test..................................................................................................................................................
tab
96
General tab.................................................................................................................................................. 97...........................................................................................................................................................
97
1.14.2 Harmonic
Restraint
Shot Test ..................................................................................................................................................
tab
99
Search Test..................................................................................................................................................
tab99
General tab.................................................................................................................................................. 100................................................................................................................................... 101
1.15 Reclose
1.15.1 Test ........................................................................................................................................................... 101........................................................................................................................................................... 102
1.15.2 Fault Transfer........................................................................................................................................................... 102
1.15.3 Parameters
104
1.15.4 Binary...........................................................................................................................................................
Setting...........................................................................................................................................................
105
1.15.5 Impedance
View...........................................................................................................................................................
105
1.15.6 Z/t Characteristic
Diagram................................................................................................................................... 105
1.16 Synchronizer
106
1.16.1 Action...........................................................................................................................................................
voltage107
1.16.2 Action...........................................................................................................................................................
Frequency
108
1.16.3 Angle ...........................................................................................................................................................
/ Time...........................................................................................................................................................
108
1.16.4 ElectricZero108
1.16.5 Pulse ...........................................................................................................................................................
Width Control-V
108
1.16.6 Pulse ...........................................................................................................................................................
Width Control-F...........................................................................................................................................................
109
1.16.7 Slips accelerationlatch........................................................................................................................................................... 109
1.16.8 Auto Synchronizer
109
1.16.9 Binary...........................................................................................................................................................
setting...................................................................................................................................
Swing
110
1.17 Power........................................................................................................................................................... 111
1.17.1 Test Parameter...........................................................................................................................................................
112
1.17.2 System
Model
113
1.17.3 Surge...........................................................................................................................................................
Diagram...................................................................................................................................
Meter
113
1.18 Energy

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KRT Software User Guide

1

KRT Software User Guide

1.1

Instructions

1.1.1

Basic Concept
KRT can be considered as a "simple but still powerful" software fortesting most of the complex protection relays, energy meters &transducers etc. KRT finds its application in power utilities as well as
manufacturer's place. Kingsine's approach is to equip its customers
with the all in one software that concludes all the advanced features.
We have a fully automatic "test center" facility to test even the mosttypical multifunctional relays on a single click.
The reason behind KRT's success lies in "your priceless feedback".
Yes, We have received and successfully incorporated numerous
feedback from our esteemed customers & team mates, making KRT a
grand success. We believe that "perfection is the continuous process"& we are always open to receiving better ideas from your side.
(contact us on email: tone@kingsine.com.cn).
While using KRT a user can test -:Complex relays using basic AC/DC Test Module .
Complex relays using Advance Test Modules
Multifunctional Relays ( Using test center )IEC61850 enabled IED's ( GOOSE & Sampled Values )Energy Meters
Transducers
Merging Units

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Instructions

9

Diagram of KRT

Eagle's Eye View - Relay Testing
Relay is a switching device that issues a trip command to the Circuit
Breaker during abnormal fault conditions.
A Relay receives the input signals from CT’s/ PT’s and its program
calculates the fault conditions as per application. It issues a trip
command to the Circuit Breaker upon detecting a faulty condition.
Relay trip time (dT) is the time elapsed between the "Arrival" of
fault condition and the "Issuing" Trip command

Relay testing ( General Steps )Step 1: Relay Testing Kit injects fault in the form of I & V on
respective CT & PT points of Relay under test. The Timer of Relay

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KRT Software User Guide

Testing Kit starts at the moment of fault injection.
Step 2: Relay senses the fault & issues the trip command, its trip
timing must depend on the time characteristics of relay settings.
Step 3: Relay Testing Kit receives the trip command from Relay &Stops the timer.
Step 4: The measured tripping time & fault actuating characteristics
are compared with respect to the expected settings by Engineer. The
testing results should be accepted as long as they are within thetolerance range.

Kingsine's " COM " Terminology
To start with KRT, user has to remember a simple "COM"terminology:
C - Connect & Configure
O - Define Test Object
M - Test Module
1.Connect & Configure -:Establishing connection is the first step where the user connects
the relay test kit hardware with the KRT software (installed on
PC). Once the kit is connected, user can see "connected" statuson the top right corner of the software.
Second step is to "Configure" ,this option is used by the user toconfigure various settings as shown below -:The Analog I/P & O/P rating & characteristics (In System )The binary I/P & O/P characteristics (In System)
The GOOSE & Sample Value channels (In System)
Naming Terminology for all Analog & Binary channels (InSoftware).
Select the voltage rating for Auxiliary DC Voltage Source (In Aux
DC )2. Define Test Object
Each device under test (mostly relay) has respective "test settings". All these test object's settings are mentioned in this "Test
Object" section. Test Object section is used to -:a)Define relay's nominal & fault conditions .
b)Define relay's expected test results W.R.T those fault
conditions. Once a test is done, actual test results are thenautomatically compared with the expected results from "Test
Object data". If the results are within the tolerance band of"Test Object Settings" then the evaluation passes (else fails).
c)Based on the values of "Test Object" a visual test graphic is

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Instructions

11

simulated for fault parameters, this helps the user todirectly inject the fault by clicking on that graph.
directly see the status of result (pass/fail) on thegraph .
3. Define Test ModuleThis is the final step of the testing where the user enters in thisrespective test module and injects the fault. This section
generally defines the following parameters -:Fault Characteristics
Time delays (prefault time, fault time & post fault
time)
Binary Inputs & Outputs Trigger Logic
Visual Graphs defining faults under test
Different views such as vector view, Report View,
Connection View, Time View etc.
3 method to easy start a test:

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KRT Software User Guide

Different ways to import the settings .
KRT software is designed in a way that user can create the test plans& test settings at each step. These settings/ test plans can be easily
imported in the software making relay testing an effortless job todo.
According to the below schematic, a user can clearly see the flow
diagram during relay testing using KRT. Please note that the Yellow
Coloured Boxes are the stages where user can save/ import thesettings directly

1.1.2

Installation

Operating system requirement
System requirement:
Windows 7 sp1(32bit/64bit + .net framework V4.0
Windows 8 or 8.1(64bit), any SP
Windows 10
Administration or Power User rights for the installation
A screen resolution of 1024x768 or higher

Installation
Make sure the requirements are satisfied
Run the installer (KRT Vx.x.xx.exe) with admin privileges.
Note: Right click the INSTALLER and run the same as administrator.
Select the Lauguage for installation from Chinese (Simplified) or
English (US).
Follow the on-screen wizard instructions until it's successfully

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Instructions

13

installed.

1.1.3

Communication Setting
IP address setting:

1. The default IP address of the relay test kit is 192.168.1.123
2. Set the IP address of the laptop to the same network segment,
like: 192.168.1. xxx ;(xxx can be 1~254, but can not be the same as the last segmentof the test kit IP address. In this example, the IP address cannot
be set as 192.168.1.123)
Subnet mask of laptop should be set as: 255.255.255.0
3. Use Ethernet cable connect K3163i and laptop.

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KRT Software User Guide

See the Hardware instructions about Ethernet port, and TCP/IP
The connection status will be automatically displayed on the upper
right corner of KRT Start page.

Note: If the IP address of the laptop and the relay test kit is not in
the same network segment, then the KRT software will show the IPof test kit but will not connect successfully. Instead, it willcontinuously attempt to establish connection. The user needs tocheck the IP address of the local laptop and whether the system
firewall has adopted a policy that disables access to the network for
KRT.

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Start Page

1.2

15

Start Page

The upper side shows the connection status.
On the left side shows the category of test modules, include Basic,
Advance, MU, Additional, Test Template 16 , Setting, Support, andLanguage & Theme selection.
See: Configure, Support

1.2.1

Test Modules
Basic

AC test, Ramping, StateSequencer, Harmonic, Frequency
Test, Transplay
Advanced Distance, Overcurrent, Differential, Harmonic Restrain, Diff
Configuration, Reclose, Synchronize, PowerSwing etc.
Additonal Transducer, Energy
Note: The license of these functions are authorized byhardware authorization.
Press "License" from "Support" panel to see the detailhardwareauthorization.

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1.2.2

KRT Software User Guide

Test Template
Test Template provide manage, create, and edit test templates.

1.2.3

Setting
Setting panel include "Hardware", "Software" and "AuxDC".

1.2.3.1

HardwareIn "Hardware", user can:
1. Edit the IP address of relay testing kit in "Hardware"
2. While in disconnected status, user can import an other firmware
configuration to simulate different relay tester model for software
function demo and study.

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17

3. Check all the firmware configurations.

1.2.3.2

Software1.2.3.2.1 UserInfo
UserInfo defined by testing engineer, it will generate and export in
the reports.

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KRT Software User Guide

1.2.3.2.2 Phase
Allow user set the phase marking and customize color display invector view.

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KRT Software User Guide

1.2.3.2.3 Default Value
Set the global value of default voltage, current and frequency.

1.2.3.2.4 Binary
Set the marking of Binary input & output.
Set the mapping relations of virtual binary input.

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Start Page

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KRT Software User Guide

1.2.3.2.5 Directory
Customize working directories.

1.2.3.3

AuxDC
Set the auxiliary DC constant output for testing object working power
supply.
This setting can be change on the status bar of all testing modules.

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23

While Auxiliary DC output working, in Start page, the text's color of AuxDC symbol will be in
RED; in Status bar, the color of AuxDC symbol will be in GREEN and the output value willshows together.

1.2.4

Support

1.2.4.1

Calibration
This function only used by authorized engineer for the testing kit
parameters calibration.

1.2.4.2

UpgradeUsed for "Firmware" upgrade.

Firmware upgrade process
1.Connect the relay test kit and enter to "Upgrade" function;
2.Select the corresponding firmware "Kxxxx_*.zip" and press upgrade.
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KRT Software User Guide(The upgrade process needed about 3~10 minutes, do not
power off or disconnect the relay test kit during upgrading)
3.Wait until the "Upgrade success" message box pops up.

1.2.4.3

License
Display the detail hardware license;
User can update the license with an authorized access code.

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Test Modules Overview

1.3

25

Test Modules Overview

1. Name of selected test module
2. Menu bar 25
3. Test Center 28
4. Test view 31, Other View 32
5. Hideable dock panel of "History Status", "BI/BO Status" and"Alarm"6. Status bar.

1.3.1

Menu barMenu bar - Main:

Main - Test Object
Provide edit / import / export test objects
parameter, test template using these parameters inall test modules.
Each template file corresponds to a particular test
object. See: Test Object 39

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KRT Software User Guide

Main - System Config
See: System config 32
Main - Goose / SVFor IEC61850 SV and GOOSE abnormal test.
These two icon only valid while the corresponding
IEC61850 & GOOSE function activated.
Main - Light / Heavy
Switch the output burden.
Note: This 2 buttons do not valid for all relay test
models.
Main - LoadData
Import comtrade file for transplay.
This icon only valid in Transplay module.
Main - Combine
Arithmetical operation the data of selectedchannels and generate for transplay.
This icon only valid in Transplay module.
Main - Open
Open a XML format test result for review.

Main - Save
Save test result to a XML format file for review
purpose.
Main - Report
Save the test reports in ".RTF" format corresponding
to Report Config for edit or print purpose.
Main - Start(F5) / Stop(F6)Start / Stop buttons control the test procedure by
the user.
Main - Continue (F7)Start the test procedure from currently selected test
point of the test module in test center.
Main - Virtual BinIn (F12)Manual simulate the binary input signal by button
or F12 keyboard.
Main - Clear Result
Clear the test result of current selected module.

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27

Main - Comment
Add a comment to the report for a tested module.
Main - Assessment
Manually assessment the test result for a tested
module.
Main - Report Set
User can define the report contents.

Menu bar - View:
View - Primary & Secondary
Toggle change the values displayed for primary or
secondary, calculated by the ratio settings.
View - Relative & Absolute
Toggle change as absolute or relative values
corresponding the ratio settings.
View - Second & Cycle
Toggle change the time of results in second or
cycle.

1.3.2

Status bar
History Status

Toggle display the "History Status" dock.

BI/BO Status

Toggle display the "BI/BO status" dock.

Alarm

Toggle display the "Alarm" dock.
While an alarm occurred, the color of "Alarm" text
will be in RED, and the alarm signal indicator also
in RED.

V,H

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Voltage Amplifier overheating

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KRT Software User Guide

V,I
V,S

Voltage Amplifier wrong connected toexternal H.V source
Voltage output wiring shorted

I,H

Current Amplifier is overheating

P,B

Main +/- power supply in imbalance

L,I

Low-level outputs wrong connected toexternal H.V source
IA,IB,IC,IX,I Correspond current outputs wiring
Y,IZ
opened.
AuxDCV

Active/Deactive Auxiliary DC output, see AuxDC 22
Indicate the running / stop status.
Disconnect status
Connected to the corresponding IP address.

1.3.3

Test Center
Test center organizing all the system config and test modules as atree-node view, it performing the testing process from top to bottom
and parent node to child node; User can right-click mouse to operateon the tree-node;

1 The top level node is "Bay"; In test center may have multi-bay toorganize the test objects according the real scenario.
2 The second level node is "Test Object"; Under a bay may havemulti-objects, A testing process is only performed within the scope of one
test object, not across it anyway.
3 Below the "Test Object" is "System Config" and other user definedtest modules; Each module can active / deactive, the test process

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Test Modules Overview

29

only performing the actived modules.
Functions:

Add
Add a test module after current selected node.
DeleteDelete current selected node.
Copy
Append a selected node at the last.
ModifyRename or change the settings of current selected node.
From
Link a binary reference parameter from the data of test
Reference..object. This data will binding and active/deactive to.
current node.
A linked node will appear as blue ground color and disableuser operate the active/deactive selection until remove
the link reference.
RemoveRemove the linked reference.
Reference
Open
Open an exist template.
Save
Save the present settings to a template file.

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KRT Software User Guide

Special nodes:

Bay

Bay is the top level node; In test center may have multi-bay

to organize the test objects according the real scenario.
Test
Test Object is the second level node; Under a bay may have
Object multi-objects, A testing process is only performed within the scope of
one test object, not across it anyway. All test modules must
under a test object.
System System Config saved all the settings relation to the testing
Config kit; It is a kind of test module.
Under a test object, may have multi-System Configs, eachsystem config only effective for the after modules and childnodes, it will not effective to the previous modules or supernode. Each test module will search a nearest previous or
super-node system config to use.
Example:There have 3 system configs: S1, S2and S3;
S1 is the default system config, it
valid in the full range of this test
object, it is not able to delete andcan not be deactived.
The valid range of S2 is underGroup-1 and its child-node while it isactivated.
The valid range of S3 is underGroup-2 and its child-node while it isactivated.
In this example:
Because S2 is deactived, so onlyStateSequencer using S3; Others
modules all using S1;
If S2 toggle to actived, then Test
Delay, Differential and Harmonic

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Restraint will switch to use S2,StateSequencer remaining use S3,others modules using S1;
If S3 toggle to deactived, then all
modules will use S1 as the system
config.
If S2 toggle to actived and S3 toggle
to deactived, Test Delay, Differentialand Harmonic Restraint will switch
to use S2, others modules include
StateSequencer will use S1;The Overcurrent module linked toreference data, user can not
manually change the active/deactive
status.
Test
It is a kind of test module; Allow user pause the testing
Delay process, and display an user-defined prompt message andpicture.
Group It is a parent tree-node for organize the child test modules. A
group can contain other child-groups.

1.3.4

Test view, State Table view, Setting view
Test view, State Table view and Setting view are the main
parameters panel of each test module.
State Table view valid in StateSequencer module only.
Setting view valid in Frequency test module only

1.3.5

Vector View
According the function of testing module, Display the voltage andcurrent outputs in text and graphic mode.
User can change the display in PToP, PToE, Symmetrical, Powermodes;

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1.3.6

KRT Software User Guide

Other View
Other View have multi-tabs, corresponds to the test modules.
The tabs include Result view, Wiring view, Time signal view,
Impedance view, Overcurrent Characteristic view, Differential
characteristic view, etc.

1.4

System config
Selecting "System Config" from Main menu can enter into system
configuration.
Allow user to define the relay test kit working mode, include:
Output type

Binary TypePower Amplifier
Low-Level
IEC-61850-9-2
IEC-61850-9-1
FT3
Collector
Hard (Dry / Wet inputs & relay typeoutputs)
Goose
Virtual Binary Input (Manual simulate
binary input signal); See Binary 20, Menu
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33

bar 26
Ratio Config
Group1 - Group6
Current Open Circuit Alarm A threshold value setting for open circuit
Detection
detection sensitivity. Below this setting
value will not activate the open circuit
determine function.
Range: 0.01A ~ 0.05A; default setting:
0.02A
This setting is valid for Power Amplifiermode only.
While IEC61850 selected, user can choose
the edition version in Ed1.0 or Ed2.0;

After finishing the configuration, must press "Apply" to submit thesetting. If test kit is not online, "Send Config Failed' message will
pop up.

1.4.1

Device Config
Device Config
On "Device Config" tab of System Configuration allow set the test kit
output mode as Analog amplifier output ,Low-Level outputs,
IEC61850 mode

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Output Type
Amplifier mode

Define the voltages and currents outputs from theamplifier channels.
Amplifier output mode have to selection. See:
Amplifier output connection 35
Low-Level output Define the voltages and currents outputs from themode
Low-Level output ports.
IEC61850 modes This modes include IEC61850-9-1, IEC61850-9-2,
FT3, Collector.
Its defined the voltages and currents outputs by
the mapping of SV channels of IEC61850 protocol.

Binary Type
Hard
Goose

Define the Binary I/Os from the hard type I/O ports(Banana or Combination ports).
Define the Binary I/Os by the mapping GOOSE
channels (Fiber ports)

Ratio config
Ratio for Low-Level output mode:

Ratio for IEC61850 mode:"Ratio config" defined the ratios used for Low Level output andIEC61850 modes.
Low Level output modes effective only Group1 and Group2, IEC61850
mode can effective up to 6 groups.
Ratio of Power Amplifier mode doesn't defined here, It is defined inKingsine Electric Automation Co.,Ltd. © 1999-2022

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the Device object 42

1.4.2

Amplifier output connection
Amplifier output modes is automatic detected by the analog channelsof currently hardware configurations.
Configurable of Current Channel
For 6-phase currents model
6-Phaseindependent channel output.

3-phasegroup1 & group2 parallel output mode.

3-phase + 1-phasegroup1 set as independent output, group2 set as
3-phase parallel mode.

1-phase + 3-phasegroup1 set as 3-phase parallel mode, group2 set
as independent output.
this mode only available for few modules, like AC
test, Ramping, State sequence.
1-phase + 1-phasegroup1 & group2 set as 3-phase parallel mode.
this mode only available for few modules, like AC
test, Ramping, State sequence.
3-phase DC current output mode
output from group1 ports, short group2 ports toneutral.

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For 3-phase currents model
3-Phaseindependent channel output.

1-phasegroup1 set as 3-phase parallel mode

3-phase DC current output mode
output from group1 ports, short group2 ports toneutral.

Configurable of voltage channels
For 4-phase voltages model
4-phase voltages with/without Auxiliary DC
outputFor 7-phase voltages model
7-phase voltages independent output mode
without Auxiliary DC output.

5-phase voltages independent output with
Auxiliary output mode.
while activated Auxiliary DC output, the Ib and Ic
channel of group2 will automatically disabled.

1.4.3

IEC61850 mode
The Top Menu will automatic active according the selection of
IEC61850-9-1 / IEC61850-9-2 / FT3 / Collector modes.

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37

See: IEC61850-9-1 /2 37
1.4.3.1

IEC61850-9-1 /2
IEC61850-9-1 / IEC61850-9-2 is different protocol type of IEC61850.
user should set to correct mode according the actual IED device.

User can import from a defined SCD/CID/ICD file or load from a saved
file to quickly start the configurations.
The "Scout" button provide an online SV detection.
IED selection:

This area allow to select connected IED device.
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This area allow edit and mapping the SV channels to a logic channel
which displayed on all the test modules.
"Set as G1-6" are the shortcut button map to Group1 - Group 6.

1.4.4

Binary input & outputs

1.4.4.1

GOOSE mode
GOOSE Subscription & GOOSE Publish will active according the"GOOSE" of "Binary Type" selected.

User can import from a defined SCD/CID/ICD file or load from a saved
file to quickly start the configurations.
The "Scout" button provide an online GOOSE event detection.
GOOSE map to Binary inputs:

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39

User should select the correct GOOSE channel map to binary inputs.

1.4.4.2

Hard Contacts (Relay type)"Binary input" allow user define the type of binary input signal.

The turnover conditions of each binary inputs must fulfilled the
Deglitch time 43 .
Columns and substantive description
Input
Contact type

Binary input ports
1. Dry contact
2. Trigger on threshold
Trigger type
Low Level or High Level, available for "Trigger onthreshold" type.
Nominal voltage Set the DC trigger Nominal voltage in "V", availablefor "Trigger on threshold" type.
Reaction's
Factor of trigger threshold voltage, allow user
threshold (%)
control the trigger threshold accuracy.

1.5

Test Object
Selecting "Test Object" from Main menu can enter into Test Object
configuration.
In KRT software, Test Object parameter was built in the test
template(.KRT)
More information, See: Basic Concept 8

Test Object View:
From the Menu "Parameter " or Toolbar, selecting "Test Object" canenter the Test Object view.

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On the left section displays the test objects management: user can
add or delete objects and change currently active object from the list.
It also provides the "Edit" entry for relay parameter import and filter
functions (Test Object Converter 41 ).
On the right side displays all the parameters for Device, Distance,
Overcurrent, Differential, Synchronize, Circuit Breaker, .etc functions.
All parameters on the right side are imported from the TOS filter. Anychanges in this Test Object view will not reverse map to TOS filter.
Anyhow, all parameters in this window are the only effective
parameters of test object during testing.

The light gray font on the top tab bar means this function has notbeen defined in the present active object on the left side. Parameters
under this function was set to a default parameters.

Buttons of Test Object:
RenameDeleteImport (.RIO/.RIO3)
Export (.RIO/.RIO3)

Rename the selected test object.
Delete the selected test object.
Import a .RIO/.RIO3 format file to Over Write
current test object settings; or Export present
active test object settings to a .RIO/.RIO3 format
file;.RIO format is used compatibility for KRT Version

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41

2.x and 3.x; but not all features able to export
to .RIO format file such as more than 3 elementsin each Overcurrent element type.
.RIO3 format only compatibility for KRT V3.x;
Edit / Import .Krt Entry to Test Object Converter will enable editing of
Template
the a .Krt template, import settings from relay
parameters, etc.
Save
Save modified settings.
All changes in this window are only effective aftersaving, otherwise they will be abort after exiting
this window.
Save & Exit
Save modified settings and exit to test center.

1.5.1

Test Object Converter
Press "EDIT" button from the "Test Object" on the left manager panel
to enter into the Test Object Converter.

The Test Object Converter uses a TOS filter to display the relay data.
It is constructed similarly to the relay manufacturers for which
includes all the data of the relay under testing. TOS filter allows theuser to manually enter the parameters or use import function to copy
the relay data from relay parameter setting software. It willautomatically convert the relay data to the KRT test parameters.

3 steps to achieve the converted parameters:
1.Open a .KRT template according to the current relay under testingand enter into the test object converter interface by "Test object" > "Edit".
2.Enter parameters manually or use the "import" function to importfrom relay data to the TOS filter fields.

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3.Confirm and Save to the KRT test object.

Import Function
A .KRT template file may has inbuilt multiple different filters allowed
for selection.

Buttons of Test Object Converter:Save
Add as New
Save & Exit
Exit
1.5.2

Overwrite current settings on selected test object inTest Center.
Add as new test object to Test Center.
Overwrite current settings on selected test object inTest Center & Exit.
Exit to test object view.

Device object
Device tab description:
Device/Test object's information.
Substation/Bay
Nominal values Number of Phases
f nom: Nominal frequency

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Test Object

V nom(L-L): L-L voltage of the PT in primary or
secondary side.
V nom(L-N): L-N voltage of the PT in primary or
secondary side.
I nom: I nominal of CT in primary or secondary side.
Primary and secondary CT / PT parameters, thesesettings effective the ratio on relative 25 display.
(for IEC61850 & Low-Level modes, the ratio see"Device config 33".
Filter the instantaneous impulse trig signal,
programmable from 0~25ms

Deglitch time

1.5.3

43

Distance Object
PT location:
at line:at busbar:

Voltage of Post-fault = 0V
Voltage of Post-fault = Vnom

CT starpoint:
Dir. line:
Dir. busbar:

the injected current flows from the test kit into thetest object.
the injected current flows from the test object into thetest kit.(180° phase shift)

Grounding Factor:
The grounding factor is applicable for single phase ground faults
impedance measured in response to the relay.
ZL grounding factor is used for constant current or constant voltage
fault mode.
ZS grounding factor is used for constant system impedance mode. ZS
impedance settings see: Test Parameter 86 of distance module.
3 modes to help input these parameters from the relay settings.
For ZL grounding factor input:
KL, RE/RL & XE/XL, Z0/Z1
KL uses Magnitude and Angle mode to calculate:

RE/RL & XE/XL use resistance and reactance mode to
calculate:&Note: KR & KX does not represent the real and imaginaryparts of the grounding compensation coefficient K, and theconversion from KR & KX to K as below:

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Z0/Z1 is polar coordinate that represents the magnitude andangle of KL.
"Z0" represents the zero-sequence impedance while "Z1"
represents the positive-sequence impedance of the line
protected.
For ZS grounding factor input:

KM, RE/RL & XE/XL, Z0M/Z1M

ZS grounding factor is the equivalent line impedance (positive
sequence impedance) of the system power supply to thelocation of protected object, it is only valid when the fault
model is set as "Zs constant"; all formula representation should
be referred to the grounding factor.
Tolerances:
Time and Impedance tolerances for the assessment are compared.
These are the global tolerance for all impedance zones instead of
one that is defined in any particular zone.
Relative and Absolute tolerances will be calculated to figure out
the greater value of the two.
Zones
The zone list contains a listing of all specified zones for all fault
loops.
A graphical editor allows the user to define the nominal relay
characteristics and settings easily.
"New","Remove" and "Edit" buttons enable adding or deleting a zone,
as well as modifying the characteristic of the selected zone.
Active
Zone
Label
Type

Fault loop
Trip Time

only active zones are in-use when a test is performed.
the name of individual zone
for individual zone identification.
Tripping: tripping zone has a corresponding trip timeassociated with it.
Extended: extended zone is similar to a tripping zone.
The user can define whether an area requires activation
while testing.
Non-tripping: this zone has no tripping allowed (e.g.
load encroachment area)
specifies the fault types for which the settings arevalid.
Tripping time for each zone.

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1.5.4

45

Overcurrent Object
PT connection:
on line:on busbar:

Voltage of Post-fault = 0V
Voltage of Post-fault = Vnom

CT starpoint:
Towards line:

Phase shift between the currents and voltages =fault angle.
Towards busbar: Phase shift between the currents and voltages =fault angle + 180°.
PT and CT connections setting will be disabled while "Directional
behavior" of the relay is set as "Non-Directional".
Overcurrent elements
Element type include:IL
Phase element
IN
Residual element
I1
Positive sequence element
I2
Negative sequence element
I0
Zero sequence element
Element list:
ActiveElement nameCharacteristic
I pick-up
Time
Direction

only activated elements are in-use when a test is
being performed.
Unique name for each element; double-click the cell
to rename it.
Name of the tripping characteristic.
Pick-up current of the element, specified as amultiple of the Inom.
It gives the trip time in seconds for a definite time
characteristics and a time index for inverse
characteristics.
It can be Forward, Reverse or Non-directional

Note: All active elements are treated as working in parallel, see"View Resulting Characteristic" for the final combined curve.
Define Element Characteristic
The current characteristic selection controls the display of parameterfields in the "Characteristic" area.
To those self-defined elements, the parameters area are of no use.

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The parameters A,B,P,Q,K1 and K2 are used for inverse
characteristics equation.
The parameters A,Q,P are used for I2T characteristics equation.
The parameters A,B,C,D and E are used for IAC characteristics
equation.
From "New" - "Custom", user can define characteristics in tabularform. This area holds a table of current-time value pair defining thecharacteristics that are required to edit them. The table entries are
sorted in an ascending order according to the values.
Reset Characteristic:Off
no reset time defined
Definite time
fixed reset time for all shot points.
Inverse time
Automatically calculating the reset time tr(s) insecondstr(s) = R*Td
R: definable constant
Td: Time index scaling the time axis of thecurve.

View Resulting Characteristic
This page displays the combined diagram of all active tripping
elements defined for an element type.
1.5.5

Differential Object
Differential object parameters are managed globally and can be set
identically for all differential test modules:
Protection Device Tab 46
Characteristic Definition Tab 49
Harmonic Tab 49

1.5.5.1

Protection Device Tab
Protected Object TypeDefined the type of object you want to protect.
Windings
Count
Winding

Number of windings
Select reference winding used for measuring
currents and phase angles.
When testing the Bias curve differential andharmonic restraint, the fault is placed on thisselected side.

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47

For 3 windings, if the selected reference winding isPrimary, the other side have to be specificallydefined according to its test method. 3 windings are
only used for testing a transformer objects.
the tertiary column is available only if 3 windings
are selected for the Count of windings.

Balance coefficient calculation method
Select the calculation method or direct setting for balanced
coefficient.
System parameters table
PowersVoltages
Currents
Primary I
Secondary I
CT polarity
Vector.Group

Starpt.Ground

Delta - CT

Nominal power per winding.
Nominal voltage per winding
Show the line current calculated from power andvoltage ratings.
Nominal primary current per winding
Nominal secondary current per winding
Define a direction for the CT start point grounding(towards line or towards protected object)
Define the vector group of connection of theprotected object.
possible connection areY(star connection) or
D(delta connection).
Set a start point grounding of the corresponding
winding.
This setting influences the current flow for singlephase faults.
Set whether there is a delta-connection of the CTs
While the corresponding vector group is set to Y
type.

Reference Current
The absolute value of the measuring currents transformed from areference winding is different for a vector group adjustment or a zerosequence elimination. This is due to different ratios Inom instrumenttransformer / Inom transformer for the single windings of thetransformer.
Therefore, the parameters chosen to testing the absolute value
standardization of the currents varies from either using theProtected Object Nominal Current or the CT Nominal Current forKingsine Electric Automation Co.,Ltd. © 1999-2022

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winding the power. These parameters are required and differ for eachrelay manufacturer.
Zero Sequence Elimination
Zero sequence elimination is relevant for single phase faults only.
None: The absolute value recalculation will be performed in therelay. no zero sequence elimination.
IL - I0 : Line current - zero sequence current
YD interposing Transformer
YDY interposing transformer

Calculate Model
The calculation of the Ir (Ibias) current is handled differently by the relay
manufacturers.

Diff Current Settings
Enter these parameters settings according to the manufacturer's data
sheets.
Diff Time Settings
Enter these parameters settings according to the manufacturer's data
sheets.
Current TolerancesEnter these parameters settings according to the manufacturer's data
sheets. The larger of the relative and absolute tolerance will be used.
Time TolerancesEnter these parameters settings according to the manufacturer's data
sheets.The larger of the relative and absolute tolerance will be used.

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1.5.5.2

49

Characteristic Definition Tab
This tab defined the bias characteristic of the test object.
Diff Current Settings
Idiff> & Idiff>> values are taken from the Protection Device tab,
"Diff Current Settings".
Buttons
Add
RemoveTool...

Adds the segment defined by the Ibias & Idiff pairs.
Deletes the currently selected segment.
Auxiliary tools for segments generate.

No combined characteristic
If the relay measures Ibias and Idiff phase selectively, then themeasurement of one phase has a Idiff/Istab current twice as high as
the other two phases may occur for certain test objects, vector
groups and zero-sequence eliminations.
In the healthy phases, the relays can filter out the currents with highdeviation, so activate the "No combined characteristic" option todisable the use of combined characteristic. This will allow for testing
relays to block the trip decision in the healthy phases.
1.5.5.3

Harmonic Tab
This tab defines the harmonics curves and Tolerances band of thetest object.
Buttons
Add
Remove1.5.6

Adds the inflection segment defined by the Ixf/Idiff& Idiff pairs.
Deletes the currently selected segment.

Synchronizer Object
System 1 (Vs side)This side simulates the power grid. It will be the reference for synchronization
conditions.
Rotation Sense: Set the Vs direction of the Vs side phase rotation
System 2 (Vg side)This side simulates the generator side. It will be synchronized to the Vs side.
Rotation Sense: Set the direction of the Vg side phase rotation"Use Vs side voltage", enable this option to set the Vg side voltage to be theKingsine Electric Automation Co.,Ltd. © 1999-2022

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same as Vs side. Otherwise, set it as the user defined value.
Setting
CB closing time

Displays the CB closing time as set in the CB tab oftest object.
Transformer
This value is defined from an optional block orgroup phase shift coupling transformer.

Synchronizer Characteristic
Voltagetolerances &Defined the maximum over-voltage( v>) and underv voltage( v<) with their tolerances. The larger ofthe relative and absolute tolerance will be used.
Frequency
Defined the maximum above synchronous( f>) andtolerances & f subsynchronous( f<) with their tolerances. The
larger of the relative and absolute tolerance will be
used.
Phase tolerances Defined the phase shifts and their tolerancesand Phase
between the Vs and Vg side in consideration with
CB closure delays and coupling transformer. The
larger of the relative and absolute tolerance will beused.
Dead Zones
The Dead Zones are areas when the synchronizing( fmin &relay should not output any adjustment voltage andfmax)
frequency control command

1.5.7

Circuit Breaker Object
The Circuit Breaker Object configures the CB trip and closes thecommand delay time while simulates the real connection from CB
auxiliary contacting 52a and 52b during trip and closing.

1.6

AC testAC test module provide the basic function, allow the user to manuallyor automatically output voltages, currents and frequencies staticallyor as ramped outputs.
Prerequisites for testing
It is not necessary to set the Test Object 39 prior to testing, but thissetting will be helpful in the testing.
Define the hardware, routing, wiring and trip commands.
Define the Set mode, Variable, Test mode, Prefault, Fault Interval,
etc in the "Test View" of main panel.

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Buttons and Options
In manual mode, increase the value of current
variables;
In automatic mode, start fault simulation inpositive direction by step value. If step value > 0,then the limit value must > current variablesetting; else while step value < 0, the limit value
must < current variable setting.
Keyboard shortcut is "F2"
The function is opposite to the
Keyboard shortcut is "F3"button.

Lock the current output value, allow adjustment of
the analog value to your desired, then release thisbutton for a transient signal. This button is only
available in manual mode.
Enable this option will shift to auto-ramping mode.
Enable this option for automatically stop outputting
once the Result Trigger Logic is received.
Enable this option for test the pickup & drop off
function automatically at one time.
Note: This option will disable the Prefault and Fault
Interval state.

Prefault & Fault Interval
Prefault & Fault Interval are available only when "Auto Step" isactivated
Enable this option to activate the prefault state inauto-ramping mode.
The prefault output value allows custom settings,
usually V=Vnom, I=0.0A;
Enable this option will limit the prefault output
state effective only in the first run time.
Define the output time for prefault state.
Prefault state will switch to fault state by a Binary
inputs command or once the time was met.
Prefault state will switch to fault state by a
keyboard command.
Enable this option to add a state after the fault
state.
The time and value of fault interval allows custom
settings, usually V=0.0V, I=0.0A;
Enable this option will shift to the pulse ramping
mode.

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Variable setting
Provide variable selection, it can be any channel(s) and any quantityof amplitude, phase angle or frequency.
Fault state output mode
Set the output phase angle as continuous waveform
while state changing.
Set the output phase angle as absolute setting
while state changing.

U Aux-N config
Set the U Aux-N channel output during the shot testing.
ManualThis mode allows the user to manually define the
U Aux-N output.
+U0, -U0,
These modes will automatically calculate the U Aux+√3*U0,-√3*U0 N output from the vector sum of 3-phase network.
+3U0,-3U0,+√3*3U0,√3*3U0

1.6.1

Set Mode of Analog Output
Analog outputs provides 11 set modes for 3-Phase network.
1. Direct
Set Line-Neutral values.
2. Line-Line
Symmetrical, allow set line-line voltage, V0, phasecurrents and angles, All the frequency value isreceived from the Fnom of Device tab in Test
Object.
3. Symmetrical Provide the settings for V1, V2, V0, I1, I2, I0 andangles.
4. Powers
Provide the settings for real power(W), reactive
power(var), phase voltages and angles.
5. Fault value
Provide the settings for fault type, voltage, current
and angle.
6. Z-I Const
Provide the settings for the fault type, fault
impedance and test current. the fault voltage
calculated by module.
If the fault voltage greater than Vnom*0.9, module
will automatically reduce the test current.
7. Z-V Const
Provide the settings for the fault type, fault
impedance and test voltage. The fault current iscalculated by the module.
If the fault current is greater than Imax output, themodule will automatically reduce the test voltage.
8. Z-Zs Const
Provide the settings for the fault type, fault
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53

calculated by the module.
ZS = ZL*SIR, ZL is line impedance, by default, thegrounding factor of ZS equal to ZL's grounding
factor.
9. Z%-I Const
Provide the settings for the fault type, fault
impedance in % of selected relative zone
impedance, and the test current, the fault voltage
is calculated by the module.
If the fault voltage is greater than Vnom*0.9, themodule will automatically reduce the test current.
10. Z%-V Const Provide the settings for the fault type, fault
impedance in % of selected relative zone
impedance, and the test voltage, the fault current
is calculated by the module.
If the fault current is greater than Imax output, themodule will automatically reduce the test voltage.
11. Z%-Zs Const Provide the settings for the fault type, fault
impedance in % of selected relative zone
impedance and SIR, ZS = ZL*SIR, ZL is line
impedance, by default, the grounding factor of ZS
equal to ZL's grounding factor.
When selecting the test mode as Z-I, Z-V, Z-Zs, Z%-I, Z%-V, Z%-Zs
Const modes, the user can pickup a test impedance from theimpedance view with mouse click to get the test point.
The grounding factor and test line length will use the " DistanceObject" 43 Test Object" to define the parameters.
1.6.2

Ramping mode
Ramping modes is different according to whether the mode is active
during the "Prefault" and "Interval time" period.
Prefault Disabled "Output once only"& Fault
Interval
Normalramping
mode:

Enabled "Output once only"n/a

Rampingwith
Prefault:

Ramping
with
Fault
Interval:

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Rampingwith
Prefault
and
Fault
Interval:

1.6.3

Fault Trigger Logic

The user can select "Or" / "And" logic of the selected Binary inputs.
Symbols description:
Means binary input is activated and the trigger
mode is automatically detected.
Means binary input is activated and the trigger
mode only accepts the raise signal(0 -> 1).
Means binary input is activated and the trigger
mode only accepts the drop signal(1 -> 0).
Means binary input is deactivated.
The status of each input ports is automatically saved while thetesting has started. All of the ports detects the turnover trigger
signals independently.
The turnover conditions of each binary inputs must fulfill the Deglitch
time 43.

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1.6.4

55

Result View
Result view include "Action Time" and "Action Value" 2 tabs;

Column explains:
Binary In
Pickup Time
Drop Time
Variable
Pickup Value
Drop Value
Dr/Pu Factor

1.6.5

List all Binary input ports
Display the run-time Pickup time result.
Display the run-time Drop off time result.
This column valid only while "Pickup & Drop" option
enabled.
List all the currently variable settings.
Display the pickup value according to the trip timeand variables.
Display the drop-off value according to the trip timeand variables.
Calculate the Dr/Pu factor according the pickup anddrop-off values.

Impedance View
Impedance view is separated by analog group outputs and will be
automatically linked to the currently selected fault type.
The Impedance view always shows the characteristic in secondary
value of the relay settings.
When the test mode is selected as Z-I, Z-V, Z-Zs, Z%-I, Z%-V, Z%Zs Const modes, the user can pickup a test impedance from theimpedance view with click of a mouse.

1.6.6

Time Signal View
Time Signal View always displays the chart of tested output signal
sequence and Binary I/O status. This chart is calculated before
testing, and redrawn after finishing a shot test; and this TimeChart isKingsine Electric Automation Co.,Ltd. © 1999-2022

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only available for the "Auto Step" mode.
Buttons & Input fields:
Zoom
Set the scaling of zoom, default scaling set as 1.1;
Offset
Set the definite offset time from the start signal.
Optimize
Quickly zoom the TimeChart to the default scaling.
Show
Allow selectable the signals channel that you want
to show on the TimeChart.
Move
A toggle button to activate/deactivate the "Move"function to move the graphic right/left.
ExportAllow the current TimeChart to to be saved as acomtrade format file for replay purpose.
Place the focus on the signal view and scrolling the mouse cancontinuously zoom in/out the signals. Hold down and drag the mouseto draw a rectangular shape to zoom in the selected area.
1.6.7

Wiring View
Display the corresponding wiring diagram according to the power
amplifier output configuration in the hardware configuration. (forpower amplifier analog output only)

1.7

Ramping
The Ramping module allows the user to manage a ramping table toinclude series of ramping multiple states, each states equates anauto-mode procedure of AC test module.
Prerequisites for testing
It is not necessary set the Test Object 39 prior to testing, but thissetting will be helpful in the testing.
Define the hardware, the routing and wiring and trip logic.
Define and manage the test states, and the variables, start value,stop value, step value, ramping time etc in the state.
Define the prefault state, interval time as demand.
States and Variables management
Add State
Add Variable
Remove
Copy
Up
Down

Add a new state
Add a new variable under the current state
Delete a variable, if the variable is the only variableof the state, the state will deleted.
Copy current state as a new state.
Move current state to be before the previous state.
Move current state to be after the next state.
Move the cursor between all the states.

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Ramping

Group
ChannelQuantity
From
To
Step
Δt
Test time
Trigger

57

Select the group to apply the variables.
Select the analog output channels to apply thevariable.
The selectable list will refresh as per to the test
mode changed.
A manifestation of the selected variable.
It will refresh as the variable changes.
The starting value that the variable will ramp from.
The stop value that the variable will ramp to.
The step value that the variable will be changed toduring the ramping process.
Ramping time of each steps.
This time is automatically calculated as per to theFrom, To, Step, Time settings.
The trigger only available when the prefault
activated.

Prefault & Fault Interval
Enable this option to activate the prefault state inpulse-ramping mode.
The prefault output value allows custom settings,
usually V=Vnom, I=0.0A;
Enable this option will limit the prefault output
state effective only in the first run time.
Define the output time for prefault state.
Prefault state will switch to fault state by a Binary
inputs command or once the time was met.
Prefault state will switch to fault state by a
keyboard command.
Enable this option to add a state after the fault
state.
The time and value of fault interval allows custom
settings, usually V=0.0V, I=0.0A;
Enable this option will shift to the pulse ramping
mode.

Fault state output mode
Set the output phase angle as continuous waveform
while state changing.
Set the output phase angle as absolute setting
while state changing.

U Aux-N config
Set the U Aux-N channel output during the shot testing.
ManualThis mode allows the user to manually define the
U Aux-N output.
+U0, -U0,
These modes will automatically calculate the U Aux+√3*U0,-√3*U0 N output from the vector sum of 3-phase network.

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KRT Software User Guide+3U0,-3U0,+√3*3U0,√3*3U0

1.7.1

Set Mode of Analog Output
The variables list will refresh according to the analog test modechanges. Allow the user to select different kinds of variables.
Analog outputs provide 11 set of modes for 3-Phase network.
1. Direct
Set Line-Neutral values.
2. Line-Line
Symmetrical, allow the setting of line-line voltage,
V0, phase currents and angles. All the frequency
value is got from Fnom of Device tab in Test
Object.
3. Symmetrical Provide the setting for V1, V2, V0, I1, I2, I0 andangles.
4. Powers
Provide the setting for real power(W), reactive
power(var), phase voltages and angles.
5. Fault value
Provide the setting for fault type, voltage, current
and angle.
6. Z-I Const
Provide the setting for the fault type, fault
impedance and test current. The fault voltage iscalculated by module.
If the fault voltage is greater than Vnom*0.9, themodule will automatically reduce the testing
current.
7. Z-V Const
Provide the setting for the fault type, fault
impedance and test voltage. The fault current iscalculated by the module.
If the fault current is greater than Imax output,
then the module will automatically reduce thetesting voltage.
8. Z-Zs Const
Provide the setting for the fault type, fault
impedance and SIR, the fault current and voltage
are calculated by the module.
ZS = ZL*SIR, ZL is line impedance, by default, thegrounding factor of ZS equals to ZL's grounding
factor.
9. Z%-I Const
Provide the setting for the fault type, fault
impedance is in % of the selected relative zone
impedance, and the test current, the fault voltage
is calculated by the module.
If the fault voltage is greater than Vnom*0.9, themodule will automatically reduce the test current.
10. Z%-V Const Provide the setting for the fault type, fault
impedance is in % of the selected relative zone
impedance, and the test voltage, the fault current
is calculated by the module.
If the fault current is greater than Imax output,
module will automatically reduce the test voltage.
11. Z%-Zs Const Provide the setting for the fault type, fault
impedance is in % of the selected relative zone

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59

impedance and SIR, ZS = ZL*SIR, ZL is line
impedance, by default, the grounding factor of ZS
equals to ZL's grounding factor.
When selecting the test mode as Z-I, Z-V, Z-Zs, Z%-I, Z%-V, Z%-Zs
Const modes, the user can pickup a test impedance from theimpedance view with a mouse click to get the test point.
In these modes, the grounding factor and test line length willautomatically use the parameters defined in the" Distance Object" 43
to do the calculations.

1.7.2

Ramping mode
Ramping modes is different according to whether the mode is active
during the "Prefault" and "Interval time" period.
Prefault Disabled "Output once only"& Fault
Interval
Normalramping
mode:

Enabled "Output once only"n/a

Rampingwith
Prefault:

Ramping
with
Fault
Interval:

Rampingwith
Prefault
and
Fault
Interval:

1.7.3

Fault Trigger Logic

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The user can select "Or" / "And" logic of the selected Binary inputs.
Symbols description:
Means binary input is activated and the trigger
mode is automatically detected.
Means binary input is activated and the trigger
mode only accepts the raise signal(0 -> 1).
Means binary input is activated and the trigger
mode only accepts the drop signal(1 -> 0).
Means binary input is deactivated.
The status of each input ports is automatically saved while thetesting has started. All of the ports are independent as they detect
the turnover trigger signals.
The turnover conditions of each binary inputs must fulfill the Deglitch
time 43.
1.7.4

Results view
Result View include "Ramp Measurements" and "Calculated Condition"
2 parts.

Ramp measurements
The row of results is generated as the states and variables aredefined, the user can add the settings and deviations for automatic
assessment.
Columns:Name
It can be customized by the user to identify theevaluated item in the output report;
Ramp, Group,
Automatically corresponds to the corresponding variable
Signalchannel of the current ramping state;
SettingEnter a reference value for evaluation; usually a set
value for a voltage, current, or impedance;(corresponding to the current variable)
Dev. Enter a value for the negative deviation range; (absolutevalue)

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Ramping

Dev. +
ActualDev
T.TripAssessment

61

Enter a value for the positive deviation range; (absolutevalue)
The actual action value of the currently selectedvariable; valid after the test finishes;
According to the setting value and the Actual value, thecalculation is obtained.
Actual action time; (for reference only, without
evaluation)
The program automatically gives the evaluation aconclusion according to the setting value, the actual
value and the deviation value.

Calculated Condition
When there are more than one ramping state, it can be further
calculated by calculating the conditions. For example, in order tocalculate the return coefficient, the action value can be measured by
the ramping state one, and the return value can be measured by theramping two, and then the return coefficient can be calculated bydefining the formula "ramping two / changing one".
Six function equations are provided for the user to select, and thenthe setting value and positive and negative deviation can be set likethe Ramp measurement to automatically evaluate the new results.

1.7.5

Impedance View
Impedance view is separated by analog group outputs andautomatically links to the currently selected fault type.
The Impedance view always shows the characteristic in secondary
value of the relay settings.
When selecting the test mode as Z-I, Z-V, Z-Zs, Z%-I, Z%-V, Z%-Zs
Const modes, the user can pickup a test impedance from theimpedance view with mouse click.

1.7.6

Time Signal View
Time Signal View always displays the chart of the tested output
signal sequence and Binary I/O status, this chart is calculated before
the test, and redrawn after finishing a shot test; and this TimeChart
is only available for the "Auto Step" mode.
Buttons & Input fields:
Zoom
Set the scaling of zoom, default scaling set as 1.1;
OffsetSet a definite offset time for the start signal.
Optimize
Quickly zoom the TimeChart to default scaling.
Show
Allow to select the signals channel that you want toshow on the TimeChart.
Move
A toggle button to activate/deactivate the "Move"function to move the graphic to the right/left.

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ExportAllow to save the current TimeChart to a comtradeformat file for replay purpose.

Place the focus on the signal view and scroll the mouse tocontinuously zoom in/out the signals. Hold down and drag the mouseto draw a rectange to zoom in the selected area.

1.8

StateSequencer
This module allows a sequence of states to be defined. This can beused for testing the trip times or other time measurements.

1.8.1

States Menu Bar
Append a state to the last one.

Insert a state before the current state.

Copy the current state and append to the last one.

Delete the current state.

Navigate the state to First/Previous/Next/Last.

Exchange the state sequence with previous (Up) or
next (Down) state.

1.8.2

State Table
Listed all the states in table mode.
Include trigger conditions, binary input and output configurations.
Use "State" menu bar control the states. (Add, Insert, Copy and
Delete etc.)

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1.8.3

Setting View

1.8.3.1

Analog Output

63

Set mode
Set mode provides 11 set of modes for 3-Phase network.
1. Direct
Line-Neutral
2. Line-Line
Symmetrical, allow to set the line-line voltage, V0,phase currents and angles, All the frequency value
is got from Fnom of Device tab in Test Object.
3. Symmetrical Provide the settings for V1, V2, V0, I1, I2, I0 andangles.
4. Powers
Provide the settings for real power(W), reactive
power(var), phase voltages and angles.
5. Fault value
Provide the settings for fault type, voltage, current
and angle.
6. Z-I Const
Provide the settings for the fault type, fault
impedance and angle or resistance R and reactance
X, with constant current. The fault voltage iscalculated by the module.
7. Z-V Const
Provide the settings for the fault type, fault
impedance and angle or resistance R and reactance
X, with constant voltage. The fault current iscalculated by the module.
8. Z-Zs Const
Provide the settings for the fault type, fault
impedance and angle or resistance R and reactance
X, with constant SIR(ZS/ZL). The fault current andvoltage are calculated by the module.
9. Z%-I Const
Provide the settings for the fault type, fault
impedance in % of line length, constant angle, withconstant current. The fault voltage is calculated by
the module.
10. Z%-V Const Provide the settings for the fault type, fault
impedance in % of line length, constant angle, withconstant voltage. The fault current is calculated by
the module.
11. Z%-Zs Const Provide the settings for the fault type, fault
impedance in % of line length, constant angle, withconstant SIR(ZS/ZL), the fault current and voltage
are calculated by the module.
When selecting the test mode as Z-I, Z-V, Z-Zs, Z%-I, Z%-V, Z%-Zs
Const modes, the user can pickup a test impedance from theimpedance view with a mouse click to get the test point.
The grounding factor and test line length will use the parameters
defined in the " Distance Object" 43 to do the calculations.
dv/dt & di/dt
Click the "dv/dt, di/dt" button in the parameter settings area to enter
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the advanced options setting, which allows the user to make dv/dt,
di/dt and df/dt linear changes to the values of any channel in astate; The initial value of the changed channel is set in the outputs
parameter interface, the dv/dt, di/dt, df/dt and final values can only
be set in the advanced settings view.
The user can also set the closing angle of the current state and thesuperimposed a DC offset with a constant time attenuation.
Note:
The time period of dv/dt and df/dt is limited by the total time
duration of the current state. If the state time is longer than that of
dv/dt, di/dt or df/dt, then the Voltage or Frequency outputs willremain the end value of dv/dt, di/dt or df/dt until the end of thestate.
When the "Advanced" setting is activated, the border of the"Advance" button will turn red.
dv/dt or di/dt:

df/dt:

dv/dt & df/dt:

1.8.3.2

Trigger Condition
Define the fault trigger conditions.
Time
Trigger by time settings.
BinaryTrigger by binary input settings logic.
Binary + Time
Trigger by both of binary input settings logic andtime settings, the smaller of the two will be used.
Key-press
Trigger by keyboard command pressed
GPS or IRIG-B
Trigger by a GPS or IRIG-B time setting, usuallywith a PPS or PPM signal.

While the trigger condition is set as "Binary" or "Binary+Time", theuser can select "Or" / "And" logic of the selected Binary inputs.
Symbols description:
Means binary input is activated and is set as theautomatically detecting trigger mode.

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65

Means binary input is activated and the trigger
mode only accepts the raise signal(0 -> 1).
Means binary input is activated and the trigger
mode only accepts the drop signal(1 -> 0).
Means binary input is deactivated.
The status of each input ports are automatically saved while thetesting has started. All of the ports are independent as they detect
the turnover trigger signals.
The turnover conditions of each binary inputs must fulfill the Deglitch
time 43.
1.8.3.3

Binary Output Setting
Allow the binary outputs to be selectable. The selected binary output
will turnover in the specified states.

1.8.3.4

General
Number of repeated loops of all states.

1.8.3.5

Others
Output mode
Set the output phase angle as continuous waveform
while state changing.
Set the output phase angle as absolute setting
while state changing.

OthersEnable this option to disable current state outputs
in the sequence.

U Aux-N config
Set the U Aux-N channel output during the shot testing.
ManualThis mode allows the user to manually define the
U Aux-N output.
+U0, -U0,
These modes will automatically calculate the U Aux+√3*U0,-√3*U0 N output from the vector sum of 3-phase network.
+3U0,-3U0,+√3*3U0,√3*3U0

1.8.4

Other View
Other View in StateSequencer module include Result view, Vector
view, Wiring view, Time signal view, and Impedance view.

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KRT Software User Guide

Result Evaluation
The result evaluation is divided into time evaluation and statusassessment;
When the state sequence is tested repeatedly, the resulting
evaluation is only for the first sequence.

1.8.4.1.1 Time evaluation
Time evaluation allows the users to customarily define any
evaluation, and the evaluation results are based on the actual
tripping time of the state sequence. This evaluation is only for thetripping time. If you want to evaluate the action status of the binary
inputs, please use the State evaluation 67 .

Columns:Name
Ignore previous

Start

Stop

T.nom
Dev (-)Dev (+)

It can be customized by the user to identify theevaluated item in the output report;
When "0-> 1" or "1-> 0" is selected in the "start" item, it
is optional to filter interference signals that are not usedpreviously; while the default is blank, it automaticallystarts from the beginning of state 1.
Select the state while the timer starts, start the timing at
the beginning of the state; you can also choose to start
the timer according to the action logic "0-> 1" or "1->0"; (used in conjunction with ignore previous)
Select the state while the timer ends, start the timing at
the beginning of the state;
If the "ignore previous" option is activated, then theevaluation results for the "stop" status can only beobtained after the "ignore previous" state.
Enter a reference value for evaluation; usually a set
value for trip time;
Enter a value for the negative deviation range; (absolutevalue)
Enter a value for the positive deviation range; (absolute

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T.act

Dev
Evaluate

67

value)
Actual action time; after the test is completed, it iscalculated automatically by the``Start'' and``stop'' state
options;
According to the T.nom value and the T.Act value, thecalculation is obtained.
The program automatically gives the evaluation
conclusion according to T. Nom, T.act and deviation
value.

1.8.4.1.2 State evaluation
Time evaluation allows the users to customarily define any
evaluation, and the evaluation results are based on the actual binary
input status of each sequence. This evaluation is only for the binary
inputs status. If you want to evaluate the tripping time, please use
the Time evaluation 66.

All states are automatically listed here. The users can select theresults to be evaluated for each state, and after the test iscompleted, the program is automatically evaluated according to theaction logic of the binary input.
No evaluation.
Evaluate whether the binary input logic of the current state is from1-> 0 (from closed to open)
Evaluate whether the binary input logic of the current state is from0-> 1 (from open to closed)
After the test is complete, the user can press "manual evaluation" tomodify the status evaluation results, the modified evaluation results
only affect the output report.

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1.8.4.2

KRT Software User Guide

Time Signal View
Time Signal View always displays the chart of the tested output
signal sequence and Binary I/O status, this chart is calculated before
test, and redrawn after finishing a shot test.
Buttons & Input fields:
Zoom
Set the scaling of zoom, default scaling set as 1.1;
Offset
Set the definite offset time from the start signal.
Optimize
Quickly zoom the TimeChart to the default scaling.
Show
Allow to select the signals channel that you want toshow on the TimeChart.
Move
A toggle button to activate/deactivate the "Move"function to move the graphic right/left.
ExportAllow to save the current TimeChart to a comtradeformat file for replay purpose.
Place the focus on the signal view and scrolling the mouse cancontinuous zoom in/out the signals. Hold down and drag the mouseto draw a rectangular to zoom in the selected area.

1.8.4.3

Impedance View
Impedance view is separated by the analog group outputs and is
automatically refreshed to the currently selected fault type.
The Impedance view always shows the characteristic in secondary
value of the relay settings.
When selecting the test mode as Z-I, Z-V, Z-Zs, Z%-I, Z%-V, Z%-Zs
Const modes, the user can pickup a test impedance from theimpedance view with a mouse click.

1.8.4.4

Wiring View
Display the corresponding wiring diagram according to the power
amplifier output configuration in the hardware configuration. (forpower amplifier analog output only)

1.9

Harmonic
Harmonic test module allow the user to manually or automatically
output 2 groups of voltages, currents and frequencies statically or as
ramped outputs with specific superposition harmonics.
Prerequisites for testing
It is not necessary to set the Test Object prior to testing.
Define the hardware, the routing and wiring and trip commands.
Use "+" mark in the columns head of main view to add new harmonicorders to be superposition.

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69

Define the Variables, Test mode, Prefault, etc in the main view.
Columns define
THD
RMS
1
+

Total harmonic distortion
Root mean square value (fundamental + harmonics)
RMS of fundamental wave (include magnitude andphase angle)
Press to add and define customized harmonics(include magnitude and phase angle, the harmonic
angle is based on the fundamental wave);
The harmonics are selectable from 2~63 times.
Once the harmonic is defined, the "+" symbol will
be shown as the harmonic times, press it again candelete it.

Buttons and Options
In manual mode, Increase the value of the current
variables;
In automatic mode, start fault simulation inpositive direction by step value. If step value > 0,then the limit value must > currently variable value
setting; else while step value < 0, the limit value
must < currently variable value setting.
Keyboard shortcut is "F2"
The function reversed to
Keyboard shortcut is "F3"button.

Lock the current output value, allow to set theanalog value to your liking, then release this button
for a transient signal. This button is only available
in manual mode.
Enable this option to automatic stop outputs while
the received trigger command has met the Result
Trigger Logic.
Enable this option will shift to the auto-step mode.
Enable this option to display the THD andHarmonics magnitude in percentage value from thefundamental voltages or currents.
Prefault & Fault Interval
Prefault & Fault Interval are available only when "Auto Step" isactivated
Enable this option to activate the prefault state inpulse-ramping mode.
The prefault output value allows for custom setting,usually V=Vnom, I=0.0A;
Enable this option will limit the prefault output
state effective only in the first run time.

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Define the output time for prefault state.
Prefault state will switch to the fault state by aBinary inputs command or once the time was met.
Prefault state will switch to the fault state by a
keyboard command.
Enable this option to add a state after the fault
state.
The time and value of the fault interval allows forcustom settings, usually V=0.0V, I=0.0A;
Enable this option will shift to the pulse ramping
mode.
Variable setting
Provide variable selection, it can be any channel(s), order and any
quantity of amplitude, phase angle or frequency.

1.9.1

Harmonic Characteristic
Harmonic characteristic shows the 10 cycles length of thefundamental output signal;
Buttons & Input fields:
Zoom
Set the scaling of zoom, default scaling set as 1.1;
Offset
Set the definite offset time from the start signal.
Optimize
Quickly zoom the TimeChart to the default scaling.
Show
Allow the user to select the signals channel thatyou want to show on the characteristic.
Move
A toggle button to activate/deactivate the "Move"function to move the graphic to the right/left.
Place the focus on the characteristic view and scrolling the mouse cancontinuous zoom in/out the signals. Hold down and drag the mouseto draw a rectangular to zoom in the selected area.

1.9.2

Fault Trigger Logic

The user can select the "Or" / "And" logic of the selected Binary
inputs.
Symbols description:
Means binary input is activated and the trigger
mode is automatically detected.
Means binary input is activated and the trigger
mode only accepts the raise signal(0 -> 1).
Means binary input is activated and the trigger
mode only accepts the drop signal(1 -> 0).

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71

Means binary input is deactivated.
The status of each input ports are automatically saved when thetesting has started. All of the ports are independent as they detect
the turnover trigger signals.
The turnover conditions of each binary inputs must fulfill the Deglitch
time 43.
1.9.3

Result View
Binary In
Action Time
Variable
Action Value

List all Binary input ports
Display the run-time trip status
List all the current variable settings
Display the trip value according to the trip time andvariables.

1.10 Frequency Test
The frequency test module provides the functionality to define andperform tests for frequency relays by df/dt, under-frequency, tripping
time, dv/dt, under-voltage latch, under-current latch, etc.
The difference of under-frequency / under-voltage protection withother traditional protections.
Under-frequency / Under- Tradional relay
voltage Relay
Functions
In order to ensure theremove the fault
normal operation of the equipment in time whenpower network, underthe short circuit fault
frequency is used tooccursensure the normal power
consumption of importantload in order to get rid of
the unimportant loadwhen the power load islacking and the supply is
seriously smaller than the
demand.
Protected object In order to protect the
To protect some electricalentire power gridequipment
Protection
When the voltage
When the voltage
principle
amplitude on the line (or amplitude on the line (orbus) is felt, thebus) is felt, the frequency
frequency drops slowly
suddenly drops below the
below the set value, that set value, that is, a shortis, there is no shortcircuit fault occuring on
circuit fault on the line, the line.
but the voltage amplitude
is reduced because theload is too large.
The selectivity of Removal of normal load inRemoval of fault load
the removal
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72

Prerequisites for testing
It is not necessary to set the Test Object prior to testing.
Define the hardware, the routing and wiring and trip commands.
Select test mode, setting the test values and times of states, add tothe test table to be performed.
Test Mode
This module contains 2 classify modes for under-frequency relays andunder-voltage relays.
Under Frequency:
Frequency
Time
df/dt
Under-U Latch
Under-I Latch
Under Voltage:
VoltageTime
dV/dt

Common parameters:
1. Prefault
output
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Defined all the analog outputs magnitudes andphase angles. Make the protection relay work
properly.
Prefault time During the prefault state, using the output config
with the starting frequency value.
Interval time No output in this state.
Fault time
Maximum time of fault state automaticallycalculated by module.
Hold time
A stable state after the variable slipped if notripping is met.
NominalUse the Fnom value defined in the Device object 42.
Frequency

1.10.1 Under-Frequency modeThis classified mode specifies the under-frequency protection
functions.

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73

1.10.1.1 Frequency

This function aims to check the tripping frequency value of the underfrequency protection.

In the Under-frequency test, the "start frequency" and "stopfrequency" defined the destination frequency value to be ramped,
software controlling the frequency signal from "Rated frequency"
slides to the ramping destination.
The "start frequency" is required to be greater than the action
frequency of the protection setting. If the protection relay has the"start frequency" requirement, it should also be greater than the"start frequency" of the protection. The "stop frequency" should be
set as less than the action frequency of the protection relay toensure the protection relay can meet the trip conditions.
Parameters:
1. Freq. start
2. Freq. step

3. Freq. stop

4. Freq. df/dt

Defined the first frequency on each steps to bereached.
Defined the ramping step frequency value from thestart frequency to the destination frequency.
Reducing this value can increase the accuracy oftest result.
Defined the destination frequency value; Usually
this value should ensure that the protection relay
can trip.
Note: Normally this value should be greater than
45Hz, it may make the protection relay latched andto ensure an effective test result.
Defined the slip from start frequency to the current
stop frequency. Usually this value should be lessthan the df/dt latch value of protection relay.

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1.10.1.2

KRT Software User Guide

Time
This function aims to check the tripping time of under-frequency
protection.

The method of measuring the action time is: the frequency slides
from the start value to the stop value, and waits for the protection
relay to meet the trip condition. During testing, the stop value should
be set slightly less than the action frequency setting of theprotection relay to ensure the successful action of tripping.
Parameters:
1. Freq. start
2. Action
frequency
3. Freq. stop
4. Freq. df/dt

Defined the initial frequency on start.
Usually is set to Fnom.
Defined the start point of timer of a particularfrequency.
Usually this value is the tripping frequency of theprotection.
Defined the destination frequency value.
Defined the slip from the start frequency to thedestination frequency. This value must be less thanthe df/dt latch value of the protection relay.

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df/dt Latch
This function aims to check the df/dt latch value of under-frequency
protection.

In the df/dt latch test, The frequency slides from the start frequency
to the stop frequency according to the defined df/dt slip value, this isa test cycle; the df/dt is fixed in each cycle, and it ramps from "start
df/dt" to "stop df/dt" with "step df/dt" settings in every next cycles.
The process of this test is that when the test has started, the start
df/dt value set as greater than the slips setting of the protection
relay, the protection is in the disallowed action status, and then the
df/dt value is adjusted to be less than the slip latch value. While theprotection has tripped, at this time, the current df/dt value isrecorded, and the df/dt latch value is to be calculated.
Parameters:
1. Freq. start
2. Freq. stop
3. df/dt start

4. df/dt stop

5. df/dt step

Defined the initial frequency once each steps havestarted.
Usually is set to Fnom.
Defined the destination frequency value.
Must less than tripping frequency settings.
Defined the start df/dt slip value.
This value has to be great than df/dt latch value ofthe protection relay, to make the protection relay inthe lockout status.
Defined the destination df/dt slip value.
This value has to be less than df/dt latch value ofthe protection relay, to make the protection relay
into the trip permit status.
Defined the ramping step df/dt value from start df/
dt to destination df/dt. Reducing this value canincrease the accuracy of the test result.

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1.10.1.4

Under-U Latch
This function aims to check the under-voltage latch value ofprotection.

In the under-voltage latch test, The frequency slides from the startfrequency to the stop frequency according to the defined slip value,
this is a test cycle;
At the same time, there is a fixed voltage output value in every
cycle, and it is ramping from "start voltage" to "stop voltage" with"voltage step" settings in every next cycles.
The process of this test is that when the test has started, the "start
voltage" is set as less than the under-voltage latch value of theprotection, so the protection is in the disallowed action status, andthen the voltage value is increased to be greater than the undervoltage latch value. While the protection has tripped, at this time,
the current voltage value is recorded, and the under-voltage latch
value to be calculated.
Parameters:
1. Freq. start
2.
3.

4.
5.

Defined the initial frequency on the beginning ofeach steps .
Usually is set to Fnom.
Freq. stop
Defined the destination frequency value. Needs tobe be less than the tripping frequency settings.
Freq. df/dt
Defined the slip from the start frequency to thestop frequency.
Usually this value should be less than the df/dt
latch value of protection relay.
Voltage start Defined the testing under-voltage start value.
This value must make the protection relay into thelockout status.
Voltage stop Defined the testing under-voltage destination
value.
This value has to make the protection relay into thetrip permit status. Usually it can be set to Vnom.

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6. Voltage step Defined the ramping step voltage from the start tothe destination under-voltage. Reducing this value
can increase the accuracy of test result.

1.10.1.5

Under-I Latch
This function aims to check the under-current latch value ofprotection.

In the under-current latch test, The frequency slides from the startfrequency to the stop frequency according to the defined slip value,
this is a test cycle;
At the same time, there is a fixed current value outputs in every
cycle, and it is ramping from the "start current" to "stop current" with"current step" settings in every next cycles.
The process of this test is that when the test has started, the "start
current" is set as less than the under-current latch value of theprotection, so the protection is in the disallowed action status, andthen the current value is increased to become great than the undercurrent latch value. While the protection has tripped, at this time,
the current value is recorded, and the under-current latch value to be
calculated.
Parameters:
1. Freq. start

Defined the initial frequency on each the beginningof each steps.
Usually is set to Fnom.
2. Freq. stop
Defined the destination frequency value. to be lessthan the tripping frequency settings.
3. Freq. df/dt
Defined the slip from the start frequency to thestop frequency.
Usually this value should be less than the df/dt
latch value of protection relay.
4. Current start Defined the testing under-current start value.
This value must make the protection relay into thelockout status.

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5. Current stop Defined the testing under-current destination
value.
This value has to make the protection relay into thetrip permit status. Usually it can be set to be great
than 1.2*Ipickup.
6. Current step Defined the ramping step current from the
beginning to the destination under-current.
Reducing this value can increase the accuracy oftest result.
1.10.2 Under-Voltage modeThis classified modes specifies for the under-voltage protection
functions.
1.10.2.1 Voltage

This function aims to check the tripping voltage value of undervoltage protection.

In the Under-voltage test, the "start voltage" and "stop voltage"
defined the destination value to be ramped, software controlling thevoltage signal from "Rated voltage" slides to the ramping
destination.
the "start voltage" is required to be greater than the action undervoltage of the protection setting. "stop voltage" is set as less than
the action under-voltage of the protection relay to ensure theprotection relay can meet the trip conditions.
Parameters:
1. Voltage start Defined the initial voltage on each steps start.
Usually is set to Vnom.
2. Voltage step Defined the ramping step voltage value from thestarting voltage to the destination voltage.
Reducing this value can increase the accuracy oftest result.
3. Voltage stop Defined the destination voltage value; Usually thisvalue should ensure the protection relay can trip.
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4. Voltage df/dt Defined the slip from the starting voltage to thecurrent stop voltage. Usually this value should beless than the dv/dt latch value of protection relay.

1.10.2.2

TimeThis function aims to check the tripping time of under-voltage
protection.

The method of measuring the action time is: the voltage slides fromthe start value to the stop value, and waits for the protection relay
to meet the trip condition. During testing, the stop value should be
set slightly less than the under-voltage action setting of theprotection relay to ensure successful tripping.
Parameters:
1. Voltage start Defined the initial voltage on start.
Usually is set to Vnom.
2. Action
Defined the starting point of the timer of a
voltageparticular voltage.
Usually this value is the tripping voltage of theprotection.
3. Voltage stop Defined the destination voltage value.
4. Voltage dv/dt Defined the slip from the starting voltage to thedestination voltage.
This value should be less than the dv/dt latch valueof protection relay.

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dv/dt Latch
This function aim to check the dv/dt latch value of under-voltage
protection.

In the dv/dt latch test, The voltage slides from the start voltage tothe stop voltage according to the defined dv/dt slip value, this is atest cycle; the dv/dt is fixed in each cycle, and it ramping from "start
dv/dt" to "stop dv/dt" with "step dv/dt" settings in every next cycles.
The process of this test is that when the test has started, the start
dv/dt value set as greater than the slips setting of the protection
relay, the protection is in the disallowed action status, and then the
dv/dt value is adjusted to be less than the slip latch value. While theprotection has tripped, at this time, the current dv/dt value isrecorded, and the dv/dt latch value is to be calculated.
Parameters:
1. Voltage start Defined the initial voltage on the starting of eachsteps.
Usually is set to Vnom.
2. Voltage stop Defined the destination voltage value.
Must be less than the under-voltage tripping value.
3. dv/dt start
Defined the start dv/dt slip value.
This value has to be greater than dv/dt latch valueof the protection relay, to make the protection relay
into the lockout status.
4. dv/dt stop
Defined the destination dv/dt slip value.
This value has to be less than dv/dt latch value ofthe protection relay, to make the protection relay
into the trip permit status.
5. dv/dt step
Defined the ramping step dv/dt value from thestarting dv/dt to the destination dv/dt. Reducing
this value can increase the accuracy of test result.

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Under-I Latch
This function aims to check the under-current latch value ofprotection.

In the under-current latch test, The voltage slides from the startvalue to the stop value according to the defined slip value, this is atest cycle;
At the same time, there is a fixed current value outputs in every
cycle, and it is ramping from "start current" to "stop current" with"current step" settings in every next cycles.
The process of this test is that when the test is started, the "start
current" set as less than the under-current latch value of theprotection, so the protection is in the disallowed action status, andthen the current value is move toward to great than the under-current
latch value, while the protection tripped, at this time, the currently
current value is recorded, and the under-current latch value to be
calculated.
Parameters:
1. Voltage start Defined the initial Voltage on each steps start.
Usually is set to Vnom.
2. Voltage stop Defined the destination Voltage value. to be lessthan under-voltage settings.
3. Voltage dv/dt Defined the slip from the start Voltage to the stop
Voltage.
Usually this value should less than the dv/dt latch
value of protection relay.
4. Current start Defined the testing under-current start value.
This value must make the protection relay into
lockout status.
5. Current stop Defined the testing under-current destination
value.
This value have to make the protection relay into
the trip permit status. Usually it can be set to great
than 1.2*Ipickup.
6. Current step Defined the ramping step current from start toKingsine Electric Automation Co.,Ltd. © 1999-2022

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destination under-current. Reduce this value canincrease the accuracy of test result.

1.11 Transplay
The transplay module has the following functions:
Allow the user to import the Comtrade format transient data fileand performs playback;With manual trigger, binary trigger, GPS trigger, etc;
All data of any voltage or current channel are editable andsuperimposed;
The output value of each current and voltage channel is adjusted
proportionally and converted from the primary value to thesecondary value;
The data of the original record is interpolated and calculated;
By setting the repetition start time, repeat the interval and repeat
times, repeat a certain section of the waveform;
Prolonging the output time of the normal state or repeating theoutput of a certain fault waveform;
Prerequisites for testing
It is not necessary to set the Test Object prior to testing.
Define the hardware, the routing and wiring and trip commands.

Load the transient data file using theof toolbar, adjust theratios scaled of the amplitudes of the analog output channels.
Prefault Output Config
Define the prefault state output area and trigger conditions of fault
state.
Time Trigger
Trigger by time settings.
BinaryTrigger by binary input settings logic.
Key-press
Trigger by keyboard command pressed.
GPS or IRIG-B
Trigger by a GPS or IRIG-B time setting, usually is a
PPS or PPM signal.
Define a fixed value of the prefault state output.
If this mode is enabled, the angle of waveform may
not be continuous while the state has switched to
the fault state.
Start
Defined the prefault area of the transient data toEndbe performed in the prefault state.
RepeatNumber of repeats in the prefault state.

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Fault Output Setting
Max.Fault time
Start

Frequency

CountsStart
End

Defined the maximum time limit of the fault state
to be playback.
Defined the start time of the transient data to be
playback.
If the prefault state has defined an area, then thisstart time will automatically continue from the endof the prefault waveform.
Display the nominal frequency of the transient data
to be playback.
Enable this option to repeatedly playback an area ofthe transient data.
Number of repeats of the playback in the defined
fault area.
Defined the start time of the fault area to be
playback repeatedly.
Defined the end time of the fault area to be
playback repeatedly.

Max value type & CT/PT ratio

PT Primary/Secondary
CT Primary/SecondarySwitch the display of the Maximum/Minimum values.
P-P: peak to peak
RMS: root-mean-square
P-P = RMS * √2
Comtrade file uses P-P value for record, but Relay
test kit always uses RMS value to perform output.
Available for all voltage channels. The transplay
module uses this ratio to calculate the real output
value while performing playback.
Available for all current channels. The transplay
module uses this ratio to calculate the real output
value while performing playback.

1.11.1 Channels Combine
The channel combine function on the toolbar allows the users
to adjust and calculate the imported waveforms before output;

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The adjusted waveform data can be applied to the specified channel
for playback;The user can adjust one channel at a time.
1.11.2 Binary Output
The user can set the binary output time while performing thetransient playback, it has 2 modes:
Custom binary output: Binary output action follows the customary"binary config" settings
Use comtrade binary input settings: Binary output action adjusts
according to the comtrade file defined.
1.11.3 AdvanceThe user can select different interpolation algorithm to perform thetransient data.

Binary input Logic
Defined the binary inputs Logic to be effective during playback of thetransient data to measure the trip time.
The user can select "Or" / "And" logic of the selected Binary inputs.
The status of each input ports are automatically saved while thetesting starts. All of the ports are independent as they detect the
turnover trigger signals.
The turnover conditions of each binary inputs must fulfill the Deglitch
time 43 .
1.11.4 Information
Display the general information of the loaded comtrade file.

1.12 DistanceThe distance module provides the functionality to define and perform
tests for distanced relays by zone ranges and the trip times definedin the impedance characteristics.
The Test View area provides 4 tabs for setting the parameters: Shot
Test 85, Search Test 86, Test Parameter 86 and Binary setting 88

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Prerequisites for testing
The setting and characteristics of the relay under test has to be
defined in the Distance tab of Test Object 43 prior to testing.
Define the hardware, the routing and wiring and trip commands.
Define the Fault Model, Test time, Trigger config, etc in the "TestParameter 86" tab of the main view.

1.12.1 Shot Test
The aim of the shot test is to check the reaches of the individualzones and trip times with any test points.
Add Test Points
Tests are defined in the impedance plane. Adding test points can beachieved by right clicking on the impedance plane or entering the test
point parameters into the input fields "|Z|, Phi, R, X" by keyboard
entry.
All test points are added to a test table. This table will automaticallybe sorted by the defined fault type and linked to the impedance view.
Base on the selected fault type and test points and fault model (Iconstant / V constant / Z constant), the voltages or currents at therelay location are calculated automatically and displayed on the
Vector View.
Buttons:
Add
RemoveRemove All

Add the defined point to the test table below.
Delete the currently selected test point from the
Test points list.
Clear the test list

Options:
If active, the impedance of test points will berecalculated by the percentage of the defined zone
characteristics after the line angle automaticallyadjusts.
If active, the impedance of test points will becalculated by the percentage of the defined zone
characteristics.
If active, the time of fault state will use the"maximum fault time".
Existing points will not refresh once this option is
selected. It is only effective for the new test
points.

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1.12.2 Search Test
The aim of search test is to determine the exact reach and checktheir trip times of the individual zones by applying several shots
along a search line. The number of shots is calculated according to
the zones define and the automatic search resolution.
Add search Line
Search line is defined by a terminal point (same as shot test) and theline length and line angle, or manually drawn by the mouse from theimpedance plane.
Base on the selected fault type and test points and fault model (Iconstant / V constant / Z constant), the voltages or currents at therelay location are calculated automatically.
Buttons:
Add
Add Multi...
Sequence
RemoveRemove All

Add the defined search line to the test table below.
Quickly add multiple fault types of a defined search
line.
Quickly add multiple search lines and multiple fault
type based on an origin terminal shot point to thetest list.
Delete the currently selected search line.
Clear the test list

Options:
If active, the assessment of search procedure will
not be referred to the defined zone characteristics.
1.12.3 Test Parameter
Fault Model
Fault Model include 3 types as below:
I=Constant test Fixed test current. The fault voltage is calculated bycurrent
the module.
If the fault voltage is greater than Vnom*0.9, themodule will automatically reduce the test current.
U=Constant test Fixed test voltage. The fault current is calculated byvoltagethe module.
If the fault current is greater than the Imax output,
the module will automatically reduce the test
voltage.
Z=Constant
ZS is fixed. The fault current and voltage aresourcecalculated by the module according to theimpedance
impedance of ZS and testing point.
The grounding factor of ZS is defined in the
Distance Object 43.
This Model is a global setting used for both shot test and search
test.

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Test Time
Each shot consists of 3 states: Prefault, Max-fault and Postfault .
The exact prefault time becomes effective only if the Fault Trigger
config is set at "Time" mode.
If "Ignore Nominal Time" or "Ignore Nominal Characteristic" areactivated, the "Max Fault time" value is always effective for use in
the test. Otherwise, the "Max Fault time" will be automaticallycalculated by the module according the data of the definedtest
object.
The presence of voltage in the interval state depends on the locationof the PT.(defined in the Distance Object 43)

Trigger Config
Define the fault trigger conditions.
Time
Triggered by the Prefault time
Key-press
Triggered by pressing the keyboard command
GPS or IRIG-B
Triggered by a GPS or IRIG-B time setting. This is
usually a PPS or PPM signal.
CB simulator
Simulate the circuit breaker trip delay and close delay time if theresulting trigger signal is connected from the circuit breaker.
Load Setting
Current
Phase

Load current is effective only in the prefault state
Offset angle between the load current and voltage.

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Fault Inception
This setting allows using the phase angle of the specified voltage,and hence the angle of the fault current at the inception of the fault.
Before the fault turns into a steady state, it is possible to simulate
the DC offset transient behavior.
RandomThis mode allows the use of a randomly generated
fault angle at inception.
Setting
The fault angle at inception can be freely adjusted
by entering a value in the close angle field.
DC offset
Enable this option to activate the DC offset
transient behavior.
Atten Const
Define the Tconstant of DC offset, during theTconstant, voltage output is calculated by:
1/(10 ^ (Δt / Tconstant))
U Aux-N config
Set the U Aux-N channel output during the shot testing.
ManualThis mode allows the user to manually define the
U Aux-N output.
+3U0,-3U0,
These modes will automatically calculate the U Aux+√3*3U0,N output from the vector sum of 3-phase network.
√3*3U0
Refer-VA, VB,
VC, VAB, VBC,
VCA

1.12.4 Binary setting

Binary Input Define
Allow the user to customize the binary input as per the relay trip
command.
Binary Output definition
This table allows the user to define the binary output independently.
Column explain:
Binary output
Activate the specified binary outputs and set theinitial status.
Disabled
Initialize as NO status.
Initialize as NC status.
Reference mode 1. Reference fault: Binary output turnover function
starting from the start of fault time.

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2. Reference prefault: Binary output turnoverfunction starting from the start of prefault time.
3. Reference input: Binary output turnover function
starting from the defined binary input trigger.
Reference binary Define the reference binary input channel.
inDelay time
Binary outputs after this time will be turnoverHold time
Keeping this time after the binary output has
turnover1.12.5 Impedance View
Impedance view is grouped by the fault type and automatically links
to the currently selected fault type.
The Impedance view always shows the characteristic in secondary
value of the relay settings.
The user can pickup a test impedance from the impedance view witha mouse click.
After completion of the test, "Passed" points will be displayed in''green'' color, "Failure" points are displayed in "red" color.
On the right side of the impedance view, 3 magnifying glasses areprovided to quickly zoom in, zoom out, or return to the default view.

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1.12.6 Time Signal View
TimeChart always displays the chart of the tested output signal
sequence and Binary I/O status. This chart is calculated before thetest, and redrawn after finishing a shot test.
Buttons & Input fields:
Zoom
Set the scaling of zoom. The default scaling is set
as 1.1;
Offset
Set the definite offset time for the starting signal.
Optimize
Quickly scale the TimeChart to the default scaling.
Show
Allow the user to customarily select the signals
channel to be shown on the TimeChart.
Move
A toggle button to activate/deactivate the "Move"function to move the graphic to the right/left.
ExportAllow to save the current TimeChart to a comtradeformat file for replay purposes.
Placing the focus on the signal view and scrolling the mouse cancontinuously zoom in/out of the signals. Hold down and drag themouse to draw a rectangle to zoom in the selected area.
1.12.7 Z/t Characteristic Diagram
At the Z/t plane, show the current Z/t characteristics of the test
object and all of the added test points in the same angle fromtesting list.

1.13 Overcurrent
The Overcurrent module allows for testing of the over-current relays
with inverse time, definite time, thermal I2T and customized curvecharacteristics.
Prerequisites for testing
The setting of the characteristics and tripping element of the relay
under test has to be defined in the Overcurrent tab of Test Object 45
prior to testing.
To test the directional relays, the three voltages are required inaddition. This has to be defined in the Setting Parameter 91 tab.
Define the hardware, the routing and wiring and trip commands.
Define the Max Fault time, Fault voltage, Load current, Prefault andinterval time in the Setting Parameter tab.

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1.13.1 Test Point
In this tab, a single test or multiple tests can be added to the table
for testing the tripping characteristic of the relay.

Add test points
Adding test points can be achieved by right clicking on theovercurrent Characteristic or manually entering the test point
parameters into the input fields "Test Current", "Angle(I)".
All test points are added to a test table. This table will be
automatically sorted by the defined fault type to be linked to theOvercurrent Characteristic view.
Based on the selected fault type and test points, the voltages orcurrents at the relay location are automatically calculated anddisplayed on the Vector View.
Buttons:
Add
Add Multi...
RemoveRemove Type
Remove All
Check

Add the defined point to the test table below.
Quickly add multiple fault type of a defined test
point.
Delete the currently selected test point from the
Test points list.
Delete all the test points of the currently selectedfault type.
Clear the test list
Perform testing of the currently selected test point.

All test points added into a test list, it will automatically sort whileadd.
The sort priority is:
1. Fault type2. Fault angle. (ascending)
3. Fault current magnitude. (ascending)
Check Result
All test points assess the Trip time and Pickup current should bewithin the tolerance bands set at the Current and Time Tolerances at
Overcurrent tab of the Test Object.

1.13.2 Setting Parameter
Max Fault time
Max Fault time
Relative Max
Time

Define the maximum time for the fault output if thetrigger condition is not met.
Maximum fault time relative to Td. in consideration
with the positive tolerance. This value has to be

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compare with the max fault time.
The system always uses the smaller one of thesetime values.
(Td: Time index scales the time axis of the curve.)
Fault Voltage
Enable Fault
Voltage

Select this option if you want to apply the fault
voltage during the fault state.
For directional relays, this option is always
activated.
For non-directional relays, voltage output may benecessary to aviod tripping of other relay functions.
V Fault LN
These fields define the voltage applied to the faulty
phases during the fault state.
The LN voltage is applied for all fault types except
for the two-phase faults.
V Fault LL
The LL voltage is applied for the two-phase faults
only.
Nominal Voltage These fields are for information and values set in
LN
the Device tab of Test Object.
Nominal Voltage
LL
Load Current
Relative Nom
Set the load current as the multiple of Inominal.
Relative Fault
Set the load current as the multiple the Ifault.
current
Load angle
The phase angle of the load current.
Note: if the added test points on the Overcurrent Characteristic are
shown in RED circle, and the assessment shows "Load current toohigh", that means the test point cannot be tested. This is due to thetest module's constraints. Please reduce the current load setting
values.

1.13.3 Binary setting

Binary Input Define
Allow the user to define the binary input for the relay trip command.
Binary Output defineThis table allows the user to define the binary output independently.
Column explained:
Binary output
Activate the specific binary outputs and set theinitial status.
Disabled.
Initial as NO status.
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Initial as NC status.
Reference mode 1. Reference fault: Binary output turnover function
starting from the start of the fault time.
2. Reference prefault: Binary output turnoverfunction starting from the start of the prefault time.
3. Reference input: Binary output turnover function
starting from the defined binary input trigger.
Reference binary Define the reference binary input channel.
inDelay time
Binary outputs after this time will be turnover.
Hold time
Keep this time after the binary output turnover.
1.13.4 Overcurrent Characteristic
Overcurrent Characteristic view is separated by the fault type andautomatically links to the currently selected fault type.
After completion of the test, "Passed" points will be displayed ingreen color, "Failure" points will be displayed in "red" color.

All test points are marked with a cross cursor, the vertical size isadjusted according to the tolerances of trip time, the horizontal size
is adjusted according to the I tolerances of the test point.
1.13.5 Time Signal View
TimeChart always displays currently selected test point output signal
sequence. This sequence is calculated before the test, and redrawn
after finishing a shot test.
Buttons & Input fields:

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Zoom
OffsetOptimizeShow
Move
Export

Set the scales of zooming. The default scaling is
set as 1.1;
Set the definite offset time from the start signal.
Quickly zoom the TimeChart to the default scaling.
Allow the signals channel that you want to show on
the TimeChart to be selectable.
A toggle button to activate/deactivate the "Move"function to move the graphic to the right/left.
Allow to save the current TimeChart to a comtradeformat file for replay purposes.

Place the focus on the signal view and scroll the mouse tocontinuously zoom in/out of the signals. Hold down and drag themouse to draw a rectangule to zoom in the selected area.

1.14

Differential
The Differential software has 2 sets of test modules for testing theBias Curve Characteristic and Harmonic Restrain.
See: Bias Curve Diff. 94 and Harmonic Restraint 97 modules.

1.14.1 Bias Curve Diff.
The Bias Curve Differential module is tested by simulating faults
inside and outside of the protected zone. It contains 2 modes, the"Shot Test 95" and "Search Test 96".
Each test modes creates a test list. The module will perform the list
though determining the shot or search.
For a search point consisting of several shots, the Ibias was given
and Idiff was calculated and searched.
Prerequisites for testing
The setting and characteristics of the relay under test have to be
defined in the Differential tab of Test Object 46 prior to testing.
Define the hardware, the routing and wiring and trip commands.
Define the Test time, Voltage output, Trigger config, etc in the"General 97 " tab of the main view.
Differential Characteristic View
Differential Characteristic view is separated by the fault type andautomatically linked to the currently selected fault type.
Place the focus on the Differential Characteristic view. Hold down anddrag the mouse to draw a rectangule to zoom in the selected area.

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On the right side of the Characteristic, 3 magnifying glasses buttons
are provided for quickly zoom in, zoom out, or return to the default
view.
1.14.1.1 Shot Test tab

Add Test Points
Tests are defined in the Differential Characteristic diagram. Adding
test points can be achieved by clicking the "Add" button or manuallyentering the test point parameters into the input fields "Idiff","Ibias".
All test points are added to a test table. This table will be
automatically sorted by the defined fault type and linked to the
Differential Characteristic diagram.
Based on the selected fault type and test points, the voltages orcurrents at the relay location are calculated automatically anddisplayed on the Vector View.
Buttons:
Add
RemoveRemove All
Check

Add the defined point to the test table below.
Delete the currently selected test point from the
Test points list.
Clear the test list
Perform testing for the currently selected test point.

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ResultIn a shot test, all test points assessing whether or not a trip occurs
during the test time set at the Diff time settings at the Differential
tab of Test Object.
1.14.1.2

Search Test tab
Add Test Lines
Test lines are defined in the Differential Characteristic diagram.
Adding test lines can be achieved by clicking the "Add" button, or
entering the test point parameters manually into the input fields"Ibias".
All test lines are added to a test list and linked to the Differential
Characteristic diagram.
Each test line consists of several shots. While searching for the line,
the Ibias is fixed, the Idiff is calculated and controlled by themodule, and the final boundary of the Idiff value is determined bywhether it is inside or outside protected zone.
Based on the selected fault type and test points, the voltages orcurrents at the relay location are calculated automatically anddisplayed on the Vector View.
Enabling the "Ignore Nominal Characters" option will cover the entire
range Idiff scanning from 0 to Idiff>>, this option may need more
shot points for each lines.
Reducing the Resolution value can improve the accuracy of the result,but needs more shot points.
Buttons:
Add
Add Sweep
RemoveRemove All
Check

Add the defined search line to the test table below.
Add multiple lines from a starting value to an
ending value by a step, the exact lines areautomatically calculated.
Delete the currently selected search line.
Clear the test list.
Perform testing on the currently selected test line.

ResultIn a Search test, all test lines assessing the Idiff should be within
the tolerance bands set at the Current Tolerances at the Differential
tab of Test Object.

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1.14.1.3

97

General tab
Test Time
Each shot consists of 3 states: Prefault, Max-fault and PostFault.
The Max Fault Time becomes effective only if the shot point has nontripping time or the tripping time is longer than this Max Fault time
and the trigger condition is not met within this time.
By default, Max Fault time and Interval time equal the Max test timeand Reset time at the Differential tab of Test Object.
The exact prefault time becomes effective only before the Prefault
option is enabled and is set as "Time" mode.
The prefault current only applies in the prefault state.
If the prefault mode is set as GPS trigger, the fault start trigger
depends on the GPS time setting, which is usually a PPS or PPM
signal.

Voltage output
Enabling the voltage output option will apply the voltage output tothe selected winding.
The presence of voltage in the interval state depends on the locationof the PT.
PT=on Line
Vinterval = 0V
PT=on busbar
Vinterval = Vnom

1.14.2 Harmonic Restraint
The Harmonic Restraint module checks the correct relay behavior of
the harmonic restraint of the differential function. It contains 2
modes, the "Shot Test 99" and "Search Test 99".

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Each test mode creates a test table. The module will perform thetable list determine the shot or search.
For a search line consisting of several shots, the Idiff was given and
the Percentage of harmonics is calculated and searched for eachsearch line.
Three currents are required for the Harmonic Restraint test. It is
carried out on the reference winding side.
Prerequisites for testing
The setting and characteristics of the relay under test have to be
defined in the Differential tab of Test Object 46 prior to testing.
Define the hardware, the routing and wiring and trip commands.
In the "Generalconfig, etc.

100

" tab of main view, define the Test time, Trigger

Harmonic Restraint Characteristic View
Harmonic Restraint Characteristic view is separated by the Harmonic
count.
Place the focus on the Harmonic Restraint Characteristic view. Holddown and drag the mouse to draw a rectangule to zoom in theselected area.

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1.14.2.1 Shot Test tab

Add Test Points
Tests are defined in the Differential Harmonic Characteristic diagram.
Select the harmonic count of your choice. Adding test points can beachieved by clicking the "Add" button, or manually entering the test
point parameters into the input fields "Idiff", "Ixf/Idiff", "Angle".
Only one harmonic can be tested at a time. You can add more
harmonic restraint instances to the current test center for more
harmonic counts.
Harmonic with the suffix "N/A" is not available.
All test points are added to a test table. This table will be
automatically sorted by the defined fault type and linked to the
Differential Harmonic Characteristic diagram.
Based on the selected fault type and test points, the voltages orcurrents at the relay location are calculated automatically anddisplayed on the Vector View.
Buttons:
Add
DeleteDelete All
Check

Add the defined point to the test table below.
Delete the currently selected test point from the
Test points list.
Clear the test list
Perform testing on the currently selected test point.

ResultIn a shot test, all test points assess whether or not a trip occurs
during the test time set at the Diff time settings at Differential tabof the Test Object.
1.14.2.2

Search Test tab
Add Test Lines
Test lines are defined in the Differential Harmonic Characteristic
diagram. Select the harmonic count of your choice. Adding test lines
can be achieved by clicking the "Add" button, or manually entering
the test point parameters into the input fields "Idiff".
Only one harmonic can be tested at a time. You can add more
harmonic restraint instances to the current test center for more
harmonic counts.
Harmonic with the suffix "N/A" are not available.
All test lines are added to a test table and linked to the Differential
Characteristic diagram.

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Each test line consists of several shots. While searching the line, theIdiff is fixed, the Ixf/Idiff is calculated and controlled by the module,
the final boundary of the Ixf/Idiff value is determined from the insideor outside protected zone.
Based on the selected fault type and test points, the currents at therelay location are calculated automatically and displayed on the
Vector View.
Enabling the "Ignore Nominal Characters" option will cover the entire
range of Ixf/Idiff scanning from 0 to 100%>>, this option may needmore shot points for each lines.
Reducing the Resolution value can improve the accuracy of the result
but need more shot points. The minimum resolution of the Ixf/Idiff is
0.1%.
Buttons:
Add
Add ToDeleteDelete All
Check

Add the defined search line to the test table below.
Add multiple lines from a starting value to an
ending value by a step. The exact lines areautomatically calculated.
Delete the search line for the currently selected
test point along of the search line.
Clear the test list
Perform testing on the currently selected test line.

ResultIn a Search test, all test lines assessing the Ixf/Idiff should be within
the tolerance bands set at the Harmonic Tolerances at Differential
tab of the Test Object.

1.14.2.3

General tab
Test Time Settings
Each shot consists of 3 states: Prefault, Max-fault and PostFault.
The Max Fault Time becomes effective only if the shot point has nontripping time or the tripping time is longer than this Max Fault time
and the trigger condition is not met within this time.
By default, the Max Fault time and Interval time equal the Max test
time and Reset time at the Differential tab of Test Object.
The exact prefault time becomes effective only if the Prefault option
is enabled.
The prefault current is applied only in the prefault state.

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101

1.15 Reclose
This module is used for testing the auto-reclosing processed together
with a line protection, which can simulate the before/after state of
the reclose state with post-acceleration.
This module uses the Ux channel to simulate the line extracting
voltage, allow for setting the amplitude, phase angle and changing
the reference channel.

Prerequisites for testing
The setting and characteristics of the relay under test has to be
defined in the Distance tab of Test Object 43 prior to testing.
Define the hardware, the routing and wiring and trip/reclose
commands.
102

In the "Parameter " tab of main view, define the Fault Model, Test
time, Trigger config, etc.

1.15.1 Test
Add Test Points
Tests are defined in the impedance plane. Adding test points can beachieved by right clicking on the impedance plane or manuallyentering the test point parameters into the input fields "|Z|", "Phi","R", "X".
All test points are added to a test table. This table will be
automatically sorted by the defined fault type and linked to theimpedance view.
Based on the selected fault type and test points and fault model (Iconstant / V constant / Z constant), the voltages or currents at therelay location are calculated automatically and displayed on the
Vector View.

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Buttons:
Shot
Zone Verify
DeleteDelete All
Check

Add the defined point to the test table below forshot test.
Quickly add multiple fault types of a definedsequence point for fixed value verification.
Delete the currently selected test point from the
Test points list.
Clear the test list
Perform testing on the currently selected test point.

Options:
If active, the impedance of test points willrecalculate after the line angle has changed.
If active, the impedance of test points will becalculated by the percentage of the defined zone
characteristics.
Setting a fixed value for the coefficient of DPFC
relay.
Enabling this option for permanent fault simulation.
The fault still exists after the reclose state. Bydefault, the module is set as the transient mode.
Result
All test points given a trip time, reclose time and second trip(postacceleration) time.
1.15.2 Fault Transfer
This tab allows the user to enable a transfer fault impedance and thestart reference.
Transfer fault impedance can be manually defined at the input fields"|Z|", "Phi", "R", "X".
Transfer time can define the start reference. It may happen in thefirst fault state or the reclosed state.
Turn time defines the lag time of the fault after the referenced
transfer time.

1.15.3 Parameters
Test Time
Each shot consists of 5 states: Prefault, fault state, post-fault,
reclosed and post-acceleration.
The exact prefault time becomes effective only if the Fault Trigger
mode is set as "Time" mode.

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The maximum fault time is limited to the beginning and end of thefault.
The presence of voltage in the post-fault and post-acceleration state
depends on the location of the PT.(defined in the Distance Object 43 )Fault Trigger Mode
Define the fault trigger conditions.
Time
Trigger by Prefault time
Key-press
Trigger by keyboard command pressed{8} Turnover
Trigger by Binary input 8 turnovers
GPS or IRIG-B
Trigger by a GPS or IRIG-B time setting, this is
usually a PPS or PPM signal.
Fault Model
Fault Model include 3 types as below:
I=Constant test Fixed test current. The fault voltage is calculated bycurrent
the module.
If the fault voltage is greater than Vnom*0.9, themodule will automatically reduce the test current.
U=Constant test Fixed Test voltage. The fault current is calculated
voltageby the module.
If the fault current is greater than the Imax output,
the module will automatically reduce the test
voltage.
Z=ConstantFixed ZS, the fault current and voltage aresourcecalculated by the module.
impedance
The grounding factor of ZS is defined in the
Distance Object 43 .
Delay Config
The lag time setting can simulate the circuit breaker trip delay andKingsine Electric Automation Co.,Ltd. © 1999-2022

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close delay time if the resulting trigger signal is connected from thecircuit breaker.
Load Setting
Current
Phase

Load current is effective only to the prefault state
Offset angle between the load current and voltage.

UX config
Set the Ux channel output during the shot testing.
CustomThis mode allows the user to manually set the Ux
output to apply to all states.
+3U0,-3U0,
These modes will be applied to all states with the+√3*3U0,Ux output that are automatically calculated from
√3*3U0the 3-phase network.
Sync.VA, ....Sync.These modes will automatically use the reference
VCA
channel value as the Ux output and apply it to allstates except for the Post-fault state. While in the
post-fault state, the Ux setting value will be
automatically used according to the reference
channel.
Fault Inception
This setting allows the use to specify the phase angle of the voltage,and hence the angle of the fault current at the time of fault
inception. Before the situation of the fault becomes steady, it ispossible to simulate the DC offset transient behavior.
RandomThis mode allows the use of a random number
generator for the fault inception angle.
Setting
The fault inception angle can be freely adjusted byentering a value in the close angle field.
DC offset
Enabling this option to activate the DC offset
transient behavior.
Atten Const
Define the Tconstant of DC offset. During theTconstant, voltage output is calculated by:
1/(10 ^ (Δt / Tconstant))
1.15.4 Binary Setting

Binary Input Define
The module has predefined the binary input 1/2/3 as single pole or 3
poles. The binary input 4 is defined as the "Reclose" command.
Binary Output defineThis table allows the user to define the binary output independently.
Column explain:
Binary output
Activate the specified binary outputs and set theKingsine Electric Automation Co.,Ltd. © 1999-2022

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initial status.
Disabled
Initial as NO status.
Initial as NC status.
Reference mode 1. Reference fault: Binary output turnover function
starting from the beginning of fault time.
2. Reference prefault: Binary output turnoverfunction starting from the beginning of prefault
time.
3. Reference input: Binary output turnover function
starting from the defined binary input trigger.
Reference binary Define the reference binary input channel.
inDelay time
Binary outputs after this time will be turnoverHold time
Keeping this time after the binary output turnover
1.15.5 Impedance View
Impedance view is automatically linked to the currently selected fault
type according to the different groups of fault types.
The Impedance view always shows the characteristic in secondary
value of the relay settings.
The user can pickup a test impedance from the impedance view withthe click of a mouse.
After completion of the test, "Passed" points will be displayed ingreen color, "Failure" points are shown in "red" color.
1.15.6 Z/t Characteristic Diagram
At the plane, the Z/t shows the current Z/t characteristics of the test
object and all added test points in the same angle of testing list.

1.16 Synchronizer
This module aims to perform a synchronism check by simulating anenvironment to connect a generator to the network or power grid.
Prerequisites for testing
The setting and characteristics of the synchronizing relay under test
have to be defined in the Synchronizer tab of Test Object 49 prior to
testing.
Define the hardware, the routing and wiring and trip commands.
Select a test item and parameters settings then add to the test tableto perform testing.

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Initial parameters setting
System 1 (VsSide)

System 2 (VgSide)

This is the reference system. Hence its phase angle
is set to 0 degrees. The amplitude and frequency
value from the "Device" tab of the test object.
The wiring type combo is used to simulate thevoltage channels of the power grid by defining thevoltage output channels.
This is the generator side. The values are initializedaccording to the test item.
The wiring type combo is used to simulate thevoltage channels of the generator by defining thevoltage output channels.

Time setting
Each function test time is limited by the "Max-Sync" time setting.
A Pre-sync time is a period when voltages are outputting before
issuing a "Start" binary output signal to the synchronizing relay. At
the end of the pre-sync time, the start signal is issued. To obtain
this purpose, any one of the binary outputs should be activated andset as "Reference fault" mode.
Delay time is used for "Slips acceleration latch" function and isapplicable only when synchronization is obtained between the Vg andVs sides. During this time period, the KRT will continue to output
voltages.

1.16.1 Action voltage
This function performs a ramping voltage on the Vg side for thevoltage that has not met the synchronization conditions. Eachramping step time is automatically calculated by the difference of
frequency between Vg and Vs sides. The synchronized voltage will be
returned as the result.
In this function test, the frequency of Vg side must be set as "metthe synchronization condition".
A "V step" value defines the ramping voltage range of each steps.
The syncing cycle time is automatically calculated by the module.

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Process on Vg side:

1.16.2 Action Frequency
This function performs a ramping frequency on the Vg side for thefrequency that has not met the synchronization conditions. Eachramping step time is automatically calculated by the difference of
frequency between Vg and Vs sides. The synchronized frequency will
be returned as the result.
In this function test, the voltage of Vg side must be set as "met thesynchronization condition" or equal to Vs side.
A "F step" value defines the ramping frequency range of each steps.
The syncing cycle time is automatically calculated by the module.
Process on Vg side:

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1.16.3 Angle / Time
This function performs a ramping frequency on the Vg side for thefrequency that has not met the synchronization conditions. Eachramping step time is automatically calculated by the difference of
frequency between Vg and Vs sides. The synchronized Lead-Angle
and Lead-Time will be returned as the result.
In this function test, the voltage of Vg side must be set as "met thesynchronization condition" or equal to Vs side.
A "F step" value defines the ramping frequency range of each steps.
The syncing cycle time is automatically calculated by the module.
Process on Vg side:

1.16.4 Electric Zero
This function performs a fixed outputs test for the Electric Zero typesynchronize relay. The synchronized Return-Angle, Action-Angle andAction-Time will be returned as the results.
In this function test, the voltage and frequency of Vg side must be
set as met the synchronization conditions and the frequency should
not equal to the Vs side.
1.16.5 Pulse Width Control-V
This function performs a fixed outputs test for the pulse width of thevoltage adjustment signal.
In this function test, the voltage of Vg side should be set as havenot met the synchronization conditions.
1.16.6 Pulse Width Control-F
This function performs a fixed outputs test for the pulse width of thefrequency adjustment signal.

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In this function test, the frequency of Vg side should be set as havenot met the synchronization conditions.
1.16.7 Slips acceleration latch
This function performs a ramping df/dt on the Vg side, simulating aslips acceleration to test the synchronization relay from an action
permitted to latched status. The first latched df/dt value will be
returned as the result.
In this function test, the voltage and frequency of Vg side must be
set as have met the synchronization conditions.
The ramping df/dt value is defined by the "From", "To" and "Step"
settings.
The syncing cycle time is automatically calculated by the module.
Process on Vg side:

1.16.8 Auto Synchronizer
This function performs an automatic adjustment for thesynchronization relay, the synchronized Lead-Angle and Lead-Timewill be returned as the results.
In this function test, the voltage and frequency of Vg side settings,
at least one of them should not have met the synchronization
conditions.
The adjustmentv/ t andf/ t values have to be defined.

1.16.9 Binary setting
Define of Binary inputs
Binary inputs:
CB tripping command from the synchronization relay
1~4
Binary input: 5 Voltage increase the adjustment signal
Binary input: 6 Voltage decrease the adjustment signal

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Define of Binary inputs
Binary input: 7 Frequency increase the adjustment signal
Binary input: 8 Frequency decrease the adjustment signal
Binary outputs (Allow user generate a start/release signal to thesynchronization relay)
Binary output
Activate the specified binary outputs and set theinitial status.
Disabled
Initial as NO status.
Initial as NC status.
Reference mode 1. Reference fault: Binary output turnover function
starting from the beginning of the fault time.
2. Reference prefault: Binary output turnoverfunction starting from the beginning of the prefault
time.
3. Reference input: Binary output turnover function
starting from the defined binary input trigger.
Reference binary Define the reference binary input channel.
inDelay time
Binary outputs after this time will be turnoverHold time
Keeping the time after the binary output has
turnover1.17 Power Swing
The power oscillation module simulates the oscillation process of thesystem and the voltage and current output at the protection
installation (K point) when the fault occurs in the system, as shownin the figure below, using a two-terminal transmission system as amodel.

Em: Generator side
En: System side
It is mainly used to analyze the action characteristics of generator
out-of-step protection, oscillation de-listing device, and the influenceof the system oscillation on the action behavior of line protection
such as distance, zero sequence, etc.
Prerequisites for testing
It is not necessary to set the Test Object prior to testing.
Define the hardware, the routing and wiring and trip commands.
According to the system model, enter the corresponding parameters
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into the software "system Model" tab.
Set Test parameters to Software "Test parameters" setting tab
According to the test requirements, choose whether to add the "Fault
on oscillate" section.
1.17.1 Test Parameter
Parameter settings:
Frequency
Osc. typeStart Angle
End Angle
Cycle

Times of Osc.
Pre-fault t.

The output frequency of voltage and current during
power angle δ oscillation; generally set as the rated
frequency
The generator side voltage Em angle δ oscillationmode, the program provides three ways, including:
Swing: The generator angle δ swings, the power
angle δ starts from the "start angle" and swings
between the "start angle" and "end angle".
Rotary (CW): the power angle δ starts from the"start angle" and rotates in the clockwise
direction in the 360° range.
Rotary (CCW): the power angle δ starts fromthe "start angle" and rotates in the counterclockwise direction in the 360° range.
Initial angle of oscillation
Available only for the swing oscillate type as it
represents the stop angle of oscillation
The time required to complete 1 cycle of oscillationof the power angle δ;
Rotary: 0 360° is a cycle;
Swing: Start angle End angle Start angle;
Sets the number of the power oscillation (that is,
the number of sliders)
Output time of the state before oscillation
Before entering the oscillation, the tester will first
output the pre-oscillation state for a period of timeto ensure the protection is reliable.
The pre-oscillation state is calculated automaticallyby the software according to the starting angle ofthe oscillation and combined with the systemmodel.

Fault on oscillate
Fault start time Fault trigger time, which takes the entry oscillation
as the reference point of the time scale.
Fault time
Fault trigger time, which takes the entry oscillation
as the reference point of the time scale
Fault type
Seven types of faults are provided: AN, BN, CN, AB,
BC, CA, and ABC;
Software automatically calculates the voltage andcurrent values of A, B, C three-phase according to
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the setting of the system model and thecorresponding fault impedance parameters.
Fault current
Fault short circuit current
Fault impedance Short circuit point F to protection installation (Kpoint) short circuit impedance Zf.
Polar coordinates form: amplitude, angle
1.17.2 System Model
System Impedance
Zm
Zn
Zl

Impedance of the generator side
Impedance of the system side
Impedance of the connection line

Em/En potential
En
Em/En

The voltage amplitude of En side;
The voltage does not change and the angle is fixed
to 0° in the oscillation process.
A factor used to calculate generator side voltage
Em, Em=En*factor;
In the oscillation process, the amplitude of thevoltage does not change, and the angle δoscillates.

Oscillate parameters
Center point Z
Center pointangle
Max U, Max I,
Min U, Min I

According to the impedance parameters of thesystem, the out-of-step central impedance iscalculated automatically.
(representing the impedance of the equivalent
power supply within the generator)
Peak value of the instantaneous Voltage andcurrent in Oscillation process

CT/PT
CT polarity:

CT position:

Dir. Busbar: CT polarity toward busbar is positive,
current flow from busbar to line is positive;
Dir. Line: CT polarity toward line is positive, current
flow from line to busbar is positive;
Busbar: Voltage of Post-fault = Vnom
Line: Voltage of Post-fault = 0V

Binary Inputs
Used to receive the relay tripping signals.
Binary output
Control the binary outputs turn-over at the beginning of theKingsine Electric Automation Co.,Ltd. © 1999-2022

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oscillation.
Turn time
Hold time

113

Flip moment, how long does it take to flip after thetest starts.
How much time to reset the binary outputs after
the turnover have maintained; set to 0 to maintain
until the end of the test

1.17.3 Surge Diagram

According the system parameter settings (Zm, Zn, Zl, En and Em/En
factor), software will calculate the swing path line and show on thisdiagram view.(the red color trace on above). The start angle point
marked as green color.
Show / Unshown the zone impedance which definedin the distance object settings.
Zoom in
Zoom out.
Default zoom view.

1.18 Energy Meter
This module is used to calibrate the function and accuracy of energy
meters.
Prerequisites for testing
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First, set the energy meter type, pulse constant, CT/PT ratio, pulse
type, etc on the "Meter" tab page;If necessary, you can configure the pulse output constant andwhether pulse output is required on the "Settings" page, as well as
the heat engine time, startup time during the test process, etc;
Configure hardware type, wiring mode; (The pulse I/O ports refer the
hardware introduction of relay test kit)
With reference to the energy meter to be tested, the output
parameters are set in the "three-phase equilibrium system" area ofthe "Test" tab;
Set the number of pulses and deviations for the test and add them tothe test list to be tested.
Press "Start(F5)" to start testing, and the software automaticallyevaluates the test results.
Note: Before start testing, please ensure the "Photoelectric conversion

sampler" must connected and working well.

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