Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

By
SAROTE THIPRUT
VR2016B

Thailand country Report

Department
pof Disaster
Prevention andMitigation

THAILAND

2

Overview

3General Info
• Symbols of Thailand• Geography• Climate• Population• Language• Religion• Administratived i ii didivisionsii• Transportation• Economy• Land use• Water Resources4Symbols
yof Thailand
SymbolImageNotes

Coat of arms

Emblem of Thailand

[1]

Flag

Flag of Thailand[1]

National animal Thai elephant (Elephas maximus)[1]

National flower

Ratchaphruek or the Pudding Piper
Tree or the Indian Laburnum (Cassiafistula Linn)

NationalArchitecture

S l ThSalaThaii

[1]

[1]

5Geography
g p y• land area of 513,120,sq.kmq• coastline stretches for3 219 km3,219k• The highestgpointpinThailand is Doi Inthanon, at
2 565 meters (8,4152,565(8 415 feet)• The lowest point is the Gulfoff Thailand,h l d at sea llevell
6Climate• 3 seasons• Hot (March-May)• RainR i withith plenty
l t off sunshinehi (J(JuneSeptember)• Cool (October-February).
• Temperature during the time of theCongress is approximately 28°C (80°F)

7

Populationp• Population Total 65,729,098 (in 2016),• 32.2 million males• 33.433 4 million females8Languageg g• People 75% Thai
• 11% Chinese• 3.5%
3 5% Malays
M l• Others are Mons,, Khmers,, Burmese,,
Laotians, Indians and a variety of hill tribes

9Religiong• Buddhist (official) 93.6%,• Muslim 4.9%,• Christian
Ch i ti 1.2%,
1 2%• Other 0.2%,,• None 0.1%

10Administrative divisions• Thailand is a constitutional monarchy under the
beloved king,• King PHUMIPHON Adunyadet passed away inOctober 2016 after 70 years on the throne;• King WACHIRALONGKON Bodinthrathepphayawarangkun,
ascended the throne in December 2016.

• Thailand's current Prime Minister is Gen. PRAYUT
Chan-ocha,
Chanocha, was appointed prime minister in August2014• The country comprises 76 provinces (changwat,(changwat singularand plural) and 1 municipality* (maha nakhon)
11Transportationp• Raill transport• Roadoad ttransport
a spo t• Air transport• Water transport

12

Economyy• Agriculture - products: rice, cassava (manioc,tapioca), rubber, corn, sugarcane, coconuts,
palm oil, pineapple, livestock, fish products

13

Economyy• Industries: textiles and garments,
agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco,
cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry
and electric appliances, computers andparts integrated circuits
parts,circuits, furniture
furniture, plastics
plastics,
automobiles and automotive parts,
agricultural
i ll

14

Economyy• tourism

15

Economyy• tourism

16Economyy• tourism

17

Land use• agricultural land: 41.2%• arable land 30.8%• permanentt crops 8.8%
8 8%
• p
permanent p
pasture 1.6%
• forest: 37.2%• other:th 21.6%
21 6%

18

Water Resources• Thailand can be divided into 25 river basins.
• The average of annual rainfall for the country is
about 1,700 mm.
• The total annual rainfall of all river basins is about
800,000 million m³
m of which 75 % of the amount islost through evaporation, evatranspiration and theremaining 25 % (200,000 million m³)m ) is in streams
rivers, and reservoirs• Thus,Thus the available water quantity was about 3,300
3 300
m³/ capita/year
19

Disaster in Thailand• Disaster Statistical Data
• Disaster Risk Areas• Disaster Seasoning Calendar in Thailand• Recent Major Disaster20

Disaster Statistical Data
Types
yp of disasters affectingg Thailand(number of people affected by disaster type 20042015)
Flood

36,000,000

Droughtg21,000,000,,All others 4%

Storm

1,100,000

Extreme temperature

1,000,000

Earthquakes

85,000Landslides

33,000

Epidemic

3,000

Drought
35%
Floods61%

Data source: EMDAT-CRED

Disaster Statistical Data
Types of disasters affecting Thailand(number of people killed by disaster type 2004-2015)
Earthquake

8,300

Flood
Epidemic

2,200
114

Extreme temperature

63

Storm

45

Mass movement wet38

Not including the huge number of people killed by the Indian Ocean Tsunami in
2004, floods are responsible for the most deaths of any type of disaster.

Data source: EMDAT-CREDThailand: Disaster Profile
number of people affected by year 2004-2015
15,000,000

11,500,000

11,000,000

3 500 000
3,500,000

2,500,000
580,000

820,000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

1,200,000

240,000

200,000

180,000

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

The number of people affected by disaster is erratic. In some yearse a e y few
e peoplepeop e aaree affected,
a ec ed, but
bu in someso e years,
yea s, droughtd oug (2008,( 008, 2010)
0 0)
relatively
and floods (2010, 2011) can affect millions of people. The floods in 2011
affected 16% of the entire population.

Data source: EMDAT-CRED

Thailand: Disaster ProfileKey points• Thailand is exposed to a variety of hazards,
but the ones affecting the most amount ofpeople are drought and floods• Disasters in Thailand are unpredictable.
g seasonal floodingg occurs everyy year,y ,Althoughsome years are far worse than others.

Disaster Risk Areas

Flood Hazard
Map

Drought
Hazard Map

Seismic
Hazard Map

Landslide
Hazard Map

25

Recent Major
j Disaster• 2017: Flood in the Southern of Thailand
Thailand.

26

Recent Major
j Disaster• 2011: Widespread flooding27Recent Major
j Disaster• December 2004: The Indian Ocean Tsunami.
Tsunami28

Thailand Disaster Management System• Disaster Risk Management Mechanisms• Emergency and Incident Management• Department of Disaster Prevention andDisaster Statistical Data
Mi i iMitigation• National Disaster Warningg Center• Early Warning Systems

29

Disaster Risk Management
Mechanisms
At Policy Level
National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation•National
committee•National
N il SSafety
f C
Councilil

30

Disaster Risk Management
Mechanisms
At OperationalpLevel•National Disaster CommandHeadquarters•DisasterDiMManagement CCentre•Provincial Disaster Management Centre•BangkokBangkok Metropolitan DisasterManagement Centre•District Disaster Management Centre•Pattaya City Disaster Management Centre•Municipal Disaster Management Centre•Subdistrict Administrative Organization
Disaster Management Centre

31

Emergency
g y and Incident Managementg• An emergency and incident management inThai context is classified into four levels basedon a wide range of parameters
Disaster Statistical Data32

DDPM SOPs

Emergency management tools:
Emergency support function (ESF)

ESF 1: Transportation

ESF 4: Fire fighting

ESF 2: ICT

ESF 3:3 Public
P bli
Utilities &Infrastructure

ESF 5: Emergency
Management

ESF 6: Social Welfareand human security

Emergency management tools:
Emergency support function (ESF)

ESF
S 7: Military
Resources

ESF 8: Medical Service
and Health care

ESF 9: Search andRescue

ESF 10: HAZMATand CBRNESF 11: Agriculture

ESF 12: Energy

Emergency management tools:
Emergency support function (ESF)

ESF 13: Security

ESF 16: Public Relations
and Information
Management

ESF 14: Recovery ofeconomic, education, &culture assets

ESF 17: Natural Resourcesand environment

ESF 15: Foreign Affairs

ESF 18: Budgetingand donations

Earlyy Warningg Systemsy•

Red : associated with colors are denotes the situation where the likelihood ofhazardous event is most imminent
imminent. It is recommended to remain or stay incompletely safe place and follow the advice or instruction of the authorities•g : denotes the situation where the likelihood of hazardous is imminent. The
Orangegovernment officials are attempting to bring emergency situation under control.
Take immediate action to evacuate to designated safety place and follow theguidelines set fort•

Yellow : denotes the situation where there has been an increased likelihood ofhazardous event. It is advised to be prepared to cope with potential disaster and toconform to the current advice•Blue : denotes the situation where an activation of disaster surveillance system isneeded Take all required steps to closely keep track of disaster information on aneeded.
24 hour basis•

Green : denotes non – emergency situation. It is advised to keep track of relevant
information on a regular basis
38

Warning System

Warning Process
Central government

Authorities in the country

Local Government Agenciesร ับข้อมูลและ
ข่าวสาร
International agencies

AnalysisandDecisionกระจายข้อมูลและข่ขาวสาราวสารMitigation Agencypeople

The Television Pool of Thailand.

Monitoring

Predicting

Disseminating
Information

Department of Disaster Prevention andMitigation (DDPM)• Pursuant to the 2002 Government Reform Act,
DDPM was established on 9 October 2002 as adepartment under the Ministry of Interior(MOI)
Disaster Statistical Data
• Core agency: DDPM as the central
government agency to operate any relatedl
activities on national disaster prevention andmitigation
41

Department of Disaster Prevention andMitigation (DDPM)• As of January 2016 DDPM has 4,578 staff member
working in HQ, Regional Centers and provincial
offices nationwide.
Disaster Statistical Data42

National Disaster Warningg Center• The National Disaster Warning Center was
established under the Order of the Office ofthe Prime Minister and then transferred to beunder of the Ministry of Information andCommunication Technology.
• Now, NDWC had
h transferred
fto a part off thehDepartment of Disaster Prevention andMitigation.
43

Legal Framework and National Disaster risk
Management Plan
• Legal Framework• National Disaster risk Management Plan
(2015)

44

Disaster prevention and mitigation act
2007 (b.E.2550)(b E 2550)• Entry into force on 6 Nov2007• Authorize DDPM as theCentral Agency responsible
for Disaster Management• Mandate DDPM toformulate the NationalPlan45

National Disaster prevention andmitigation plan 2015
• Principle plan for national disastermanagement aimed to minimize
disaster risks and losses of live andproperties of people and State
property• Approved by National Disaster
Prevention and Mitigation Committee• The Cabinet on 31 March 2015
endorsed the National Disaster
Prevention and Mitigation Plan
mandating all parties concernedto fully support and implement
theh plan.
l46

Thailand national disaster prevention andmitigation plan 2015•••••

Participatory Process
From “disaster management” to “disaster risk management”
Concept of Operation: Framework and providing guidelines
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015
Toward building “resilience”
SendaiFramework

DRR

Sustainable
Development
Goal

Sustainable

National policy framework

Thailand national disaster prevention andmitigation plan 2015
• 3 Goals,, 4 Strategiesg
1st Strategy: Disaster risk
2nd Strategy: Integrated
reduction oriented
emergency management
kkkkklGOALS
1. An effective
ffd
disaster riskk management
system is in place to tackle unprecedented
emergencies.
2: Thai society is regarded as the Learning
Community and capable of managing disasterrisk
3: Thai people are more safety minded, throughwhich proper knowledge, risk awareness, safetypculture and ultimatelyy resilience are developed

3rd Strategy: Effective
recovery and resilienceb ildibuilding

4th Strategy: Strengthened
pInternational cooperation

Thailand national disaster prevention andmitigation plan 2015
– 8 Chapters
Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4• Country Risk Profile and Future Projection• National Policy Framework and its Strategies• Principles of Disaster Risk Management• Disaster Risk Reduction

Thailand national disaster prevention andmitigation plan 2015Chapter 5

Ch t 6
Chapter

Chapter 7

Chapterp 8• Emergency Management• Principles of Disaster Risk Management• International Cooperation for Disaster Risk Management• Implementation Plan

Thailand national disaster prevention andmitigation plan 2015
• Different level ofmechanisms duringg
disaster will be activatedaccordingg to the level ofemergencies

Thailand national disaster prevention
and mitigation plan 2015
• Emergency Support Functions (ESF): 18 ESFs will beestablished to provide support by function to the decision
maker during the emergencies.
emergencies• The concept of “Build Back Better and Safer” is corporate
within the plan
• The plan indicates roles and responsibilities of eachg
involve in disaster management
gand coordination
organization
structure• Implementation: DDPM provides guideline for each agencies
in crafting their own action plan which in accordance with thenational planInternational Cooperation• Partnerships with Internationalgbodies/agencies• International Frameworks and Guidelines

54

Partnerships with Internationalb di /bodies/agenciesi
1. The ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM) andACDM Working Groups.
()
2. Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC)
3. Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC)
4. The Typhoon
ypCommittee (TC)’s( ) Workingg Groupp on Disaster RiskReduction
5. APEC’s Emergency Preparedness Working Group (EPWG)
6. ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)
p International Cooperation
pAgencyg y (JICA),(), Japanp
7. Japan
8. USAID & USFS
9. GIZ
55

International Frameworks andGuidelines
1. The ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency
RResponse(AADMER) andd th
the AADMER W
Workk P
Programme 2016 2020
2 The ASEAN Declaration on One ASEAN One Response (OAOR)
2.
3. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) 2015 –2030
4. Bangkok Declaration on Disaster Risk Reduction (The outcome ofthe 6th AMCDRR)
5. UNDAC/INSARAG Guidelines (UN-OCHA)
6. APC MADRO (UN-OCHA)
7. ASEAN SASOP and ERAT Guidelines (AHA Centre)
8. East Asia Summit (EAS) Disaster Management Tool Kits
9. IFRC’s Guideline for International Disaster Relief Laws
56

Thailand and ASEAN on DisasterManagement• Thailand as one of theactive member ofASEAN• DDPM as the National
Focal Point on disastermanagement in ASEAN• ASEAN Agreement onDisaster Managementand Emergency
Response (AADMER)

ASEAN Tools and mechanisms ondisaster management• ASEAN Coordinating
Centre for Humanitarian
Assistance on disastermanagement:gAHACentre• Established inNovember 2012
• Located in Jakarta,JakartaIndonesia

ASEAN Committee on Disaster
Management: ACDM

Standard Operating procedure

AHA Centre Roles and Responsibilities

ASEAN tools and mechanisms onDisaster Response• ASEAN Emergency Rapid Assessment Team: ASEAN ERAT• Disaster Emergency Logistics System: warehouse for stockpileof emergency relief items in Subang, Malaysia• ASEAN Regionall Disaster Simulation
lExercise• Disaster Monitoring and Response System (DMRS)Thailand and ASEAN during disasterresponse and relief••••Communication with AHA Centre
Activation of ASEAN ERAT members
procedure accordingg to SASOP
Activation of p
“One ASEAN One Response”

Recent Projects on Disaster Risk Reduction• Flood Prevention Project• One-Tambon-One-Search and Rescue Team (OTOS)• Disaster Management Training• Community-Based Disaster Risk Management(CBDRM) Programg Trainingg Programg• "Mr. Warning"• Emergency Response Team Development Project(ERT)• Development of Civil Defence Volunteer NetworkProgram66

Counterpart of ADRC
• Department of Disaster Prevention andg
Ministryy of Interior
Mitigation,• Address: 3/12 U-Thong Nok Road, Dusit,
Bangkok 10300 THAILAND.
THAILAND• Tel: +66 2243 5279
• Fax: +66 2243 5279
• E-mail:E
il fforeign_dpm@yahoo.com
i d @ h• Website: www.disaster.go.th.
67

Research PlanTitle: A study of the best practice on the prevention and reducing
the impact of disasters by Civil Engineering method in Japan foradaptation to Thailand.

Specific Aims:•To study the Disaster Management System in Japan.
•To gather the knowledge of Civil Engineering to prevent and reduce the impactof the disaster in Japan.
•ToTo identify better ways of Civil Engineering method for prevention and reducing
the impact of disasters that can be applied to Thailand.
•Prepare recommendations for improvement of DDPM in Thailand
68

Research Plan
Expected Results:•I would be able to learn the knowledge
g and innovations in the risk
map from Japan for create and develop the risk map to preventand reduce the impact on the risk area.
•I would have identified better ways of Civil Engineering methodfor prevention and reducing the impact of disasters that can beappliedli d tto ThThailand.
il d•Best practices of Japan could be replicated in Thailand.

69

References
1 C
1.
Centrall Intelligence
I lliAgency.
A(2017 Fabruary(2017,F b02) THE WORLD FACTBOOK.
02).
FACTBOOK Retrieved
R i d ffrom
www.cia.gov: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html
2. CHARIYAPHAN, R. (2012). Thailand’s country profile 2012. Kobe,Japan: ADRC.
3 DDPM.
3.
DDPM (2011)(2011). The Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Act B
B.E.
E 2550 (2007) and relevant
supportive legislations. Bangkok: Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation.
4. DDPM. (2015). National Disaster Risk Management Plan. Bangkok: Department of DisasterPrevention and Mitigation.
5. DDPM. (2016, 01). Thailand's Disaster Management System. bangkok: Department ofDisaster Prevention and Mitigation.
p
Of Provincial Administration. ((2017,, Fabruaryy 2).
) Departmentp
Off Provincial
6. Department
Administration. Retrieved from www3.dopa.go.th:
http://www3.dopa.go.th/images/document/0301/person58edit.PDF
7. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.,. (2017, Febyuary 3). Transport in Thailand. Retrieved fromwikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Thailand70

Thank you.

71