ISSN 1881−445X

日本語用 論 学 会
■

第25 回

大会発表論文集
第18号

Proceedings of the 25th
Conference of the Pragmatics Societyof Japan

2022年11月26日（土）
・27日
（日）
■

於

京都大学

吉田キャンパス・オンライン開催

PSJ
The Pragmatics Society of Japan

日本語用論学会2022

日本語用論学会（The Pragmatics Society of Japan）
略称：PSJ

日本語用論学会役員
（執
行
部）
会
長 ：
副
会
長 ：
事務局委員会・事務局長 ：事 務 局 顧 問 ：会 計 担 当 ：会 計 補 佐 ：（編
集部）
編集委員会・委員長 ：副 委 員 長 ：
委
員 ：

滝浦 真人
山岡 政紀，堀江 薫，小山 哲春
秦 かおり
北野 浩章
長友 俊一郎
竹田 らら

堀江 薫
松井 智子，吉田 悦子
井出 里咲子，後藤 リサ，澤田 治，澤田 淳，椎名 美智，
柴﨑 礼士郎，首藤 佐智子，西田 光一，深田 智，難波 彩子，
増田 将伸，笠貫 葉子，早野 薫（大会部）
大会企画委員会・委員長 ：副 委 員 長 ：委
員 ：大会発表委員会・委員長 ：副 委 員 長 ：委
員 ：大会発表賞小委員会・委員長 ：大会総務委員会・委員長 ：副 委 員 長 ：
委
員 ：

岡本 雅史
小松原 哲太堀内 ふみ野，城 綾実，ツォイ・エカテリーナ
西田 光一
竹田 らら
五十嵐 海理，池 沙弥
竹田 らら
八木橋 宏勇甲田 直美，村田 和代（発表論文集担当）
大塚 生子，中馬 隼人，松浦 光，大志民 彩加

（事
業
部）
委
員
長 ：
副 委 員 長 ：
委
員 ：

尾谷 昌則
井出 里咲子
山口 征孝，武黒 麻紀子，木場 安莉沙，畑 和樹，ヴォーゲ・ヨーラン

（広
報
部）
委
員
長 ：
副 委 員 長 ：
委
員 ：

秦 かおり
八木橋 宏勇野村 佑子，横森 大輔，名塩 征史，木本 幸憲，Malik, Luke
（2023年6月11日現在）

学会連絡先
日本語用論学会

事務局（The Pragmatics Society of Japan）〒560-0043
豊中市待兼山町1-8
大阪大学大学院人文学研究科言語文化学専攻 秦かおり 研究室内
E-mail: secretary@pragmatics.gr.jp

学会ホームページ：http://pragmatics.gr.jp/
PSJ

目 次
シンポジウム「人とAIとメディアを繋ぐ語用論の新展開」＊

対話システムが与える語用論研究の新たな視点 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 東中竜一郎

1＊

日常会話コーパスがもたらす語用論研究の可能性 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 小磯

花絵

6

＊

モバイル時代の語用論―「打ちことば」は何を変えたか ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 三宅

和子

12

PSJ

研究発表（日本語発表）
日本語の間接的不満談話の開始部における前置きとしての「評価」と「正当化」‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ アサド マリーナ バハー

18

日本手話の対比構文「Ａ否定Ｂ」の談話構造‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 有光 奈美・高嶋由布子・數見

陽子・矢野羽衣子

26

感謝のやりとりに現れるアップシフト ―フッティングと同調シフトを中心に―‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 市原明日香

34＊

口語英語に見られるfor sureの分析

42＊

イン／ポライトネスの参与枠組みと多面的フェイスワーク ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 大塚

＊

＊

＊

―位置と機能に着目して― ‥‥‥‥‥ 岩井恵利奈
生子

50

第一・第二言語話者間のメタ語用論的意識に関する考察 ―I think の解釈に着目して―‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 木津 弥佳・行木 瑛子

58

はいはい面白い面白い：アイロニー専用表現に見る慣習化された間接性‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 木下蒼一朗

66

言語使用の三層モデルからみる「マジ卍」と「ぴえん」の語用論的機能‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 工藤

俊

74

＊

誇張に用いられるメタファーの考察 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 角出

凱紀

82

＊

聞き手のcommitmentから見た規約的含意表現asを含む節の意味解釈 ‥‥‥ 徳永

和博

90

会話中の非難から解き明かす友人同士の親しさ―能力に関する優劣が話題となるやりとりに着目して― ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 西阪

亮

98（第25回大会 大会発表賞受賞論文）他者の巻き込みによる組織としての報告の実践：
学校協議会報告の事例にみられる参与役割の複雑性 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 畑和樹

106「逆に言えば」の使用に関わる論理関係および談話構造：「裏を返せば」との比較‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 水田

洋子

114

SNSにおける新奇表現「どうぞする」にみる「どうぞ」のメトニミー的意味拡張‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 三瀬

凪乃

122

＊

現代英語におけるspeak of the devilの語用論的拡張について ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 山内

昇

130

＊

ハッシュタグの順序：場所を表すタグを中心に ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 山崎

由佳

138

＊

＊

＊

＊

＊

＊

＊

PSJ

研究発表（日本語発表）＊

比喩の観点からみた「告白行為」動詞の通言語的考察 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 山中

信彦

146

＊

「私、○○な人だから」 ―会話における自己呈示― ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 山本

綾

154

＊

中国語 “给” の語用論的機能 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 楊

世沢

162

能楽の稽古場面における指導行動のマルチモーダル会話分析：
指導者はどのように身体動作の訂正を行うのか ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 李

頌雅

170

＊

PSJ

研究発表（英語発表）
＊

＊

＊

＊

＊

＊

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Changes in Linguistic Landscape of Japan: Life ʻwith Coronaʼ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ IKE Saya

178

Interpretability of pragmatic gaps in Armenian and Japanese Noun Modifying Clause Constructions‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ Luiza KLOYAN, HORIE Kaoru 186
It versus That as the Subject of English Set Phrases ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ NAKAMURA Akira

194

The Use of Overt First-Person Singular Pronouns in Opinion-Negotiation Sequencein Japanese Conversation ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ OZAWA Miyabi

202

Colloquialization and genre variation: the case of the let s construction‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ SHIBUYA Yoshikata

210

Corpus Analysis of Japanese and Hungarian Negative Emotive Words
from a Discourse Interactional Perspective ‥‥‥‥‥ Martina Katalin SZABÓ, OTANI Naoki

218

Historical Pragmatics using State-Space Model ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ YAMADA Akitaka

226

PSJ

付録
＊

『大会論文集』（Proceedings）執筆規定 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥

234

PSJ

Table of Contents
Symposium Sessions: New Developments in Pragmatics Connecting Humans, AI, and Media＊＊＊HIGASHINAKA Ryuichiro: New Perspectives on Pragmatics Research Provided by Dialogue Systems ‥‥‥ 1
KOISO Hanae: Possibilities for pragmatics research offeredby the Corpus of Everyday Japanese Conversation ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 6
MIYAKE Kazuko: Pragmatics in the Age of Mobility: What has changed with digital communication? ‥‥‥ 12

PSJ

Lecture Sessions: Presentation in Japanese＊＊＊

ASAD Marina Bahaa: 'Evaluation' and 'Justification' as Prefaces
in the Initiation of Japanese Indirect Complaints ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 18
ARIMITSU Nami, TAKASHIMA Yufuko, KAZUMI Akiko, YANO Uiko:
Discourse Structures of a Contrastive Construction of Japanese Sign Language, “A NEG B (Not A, B)” ‥ 26
ICHIHARA Asuka: Upshifts are observed in interactions of gratitude―Mainly regarding footing and synchronized upshifts ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 34＊

IWAI Erina: An Analysis of For Sure in Colloquial American English: Focusing on Position and Function ‥‥ 42＊

OTSUKA Seiko: Participation Framework of Im/politeness and Multifaceted Facework ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 50

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KIZU Mika, GYOGI Eiko: A study on meta-pragmatic awareness between L1 and L2 speakers:
focusing on the interpretation of 'I think' ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 58
KINOSHITA Soichiro: Hai-hai omoshiroi omoshiroi: Conventionalized Indirectness in Gramatical Irony ‥‥ 66
KUDO Shun: The Pragmatic Function of Japanese Teen Slang Words Maji-Manjiand Pien from the Viewpoint of the Three-Tier Model of Language Use ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 74
SUMIDE Yoshiki: On a metaphoric hyperbole ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 82
TOKUNAGA Kazuhiro: A Sociopragmatic Analysis of Parenthetical As-clauses
from the Perspective of Commitment-based Theory ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 90
NISHISAKA Ryo: The intimacy between friends shown by accusations in the conversations:
Focusing on interactions about the superiority or inferiority regarding on ability ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 98
HATA Kazuki: Reporter's practice to accomplish the organisational (not individual) reportwith the practitionerʼs engagement: The case of School Management Council meeting（The Best Paper Award at the 25th Annual Meeting of PSJ） ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 106
MIZUTA Yoko: Logical relations and discourse structure involved in the use of Japanese "gyaku-ni ieba"('reversely speaking'): In comparison with "ura-o kaeseba" ('putting it the other way round') ‥‥‥‥‥‥ 114
MISE Nagino: Metonymic Expansion of the Meaning of "dōzo"in the Novel Expression "dōzo-suru" on SNS ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 122＊

YAMAUCHI Noboru: Pragmatic Expansions of "Speak of the Devil" in Present-Day English ‥‥‥‥‥‥ 130＊

YAMAZAKI Yuka: The Order of Hashtags: with a Focus on Hashtags Indicating Location ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 138

PSJ

Lecture Sessions: Presentation in English＊

YAMANAKA Nobuhiko: A Cross-linguistic Study of Speech Act Verbs of Confidingfrom the Viewpoint of Figurative Language ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 146＊

YAMAMOTO Aya: The Japanese X Na/Suru Hito Construction as a Vehicle of Self-Presentation in Talk ‥‥ 154＊

YANG Shize: Pragmatic functions of gěi in Chinese ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 162＊

LEE Song-ya: Multimodal conversation analysis of Japanese Noh practice instruction:
Instructorʼs corrections of bodily movements ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 170

PSJ

Lecture Sessions: Presentation in English
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IKE Saya: Changes in Linguistic Landscape of Japan: Life ʻwith Coronaʼ ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 178
Luiza KLOYAN, HORIE Kaoru: Interpretability of pragmatic gaps in Armenianand Japanese Noun Modifying Clause Constructions ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 186
NAKAMURA Akira: It versus That as the Subject of English Set Phrases ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 194
OZAWA Miyabi: The Use of Overt First-Person Singular Pronouns
in Opinion-Negotiation Sequence in Japanese Conversation ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 202
SHIBUYA Yoshikata: Colloquialization and genre variation: the case of the let s construction ‥‥‥‥‥‥ 210
Martina Katalin SZABÓ, OTANI Naoki: Corpus Analysis of Japanese andHungarian Negative Emotive Words from a Discourse Interactional Perspective ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 218
YAMADA Akitaka: Historical Pragmatics using State-Space Model ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 226

PSJ

Appendix＊

Instructions for Authors of the Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the Pragmatics Societyof Japan (PSJ) and the Style Sheet of Japanese and English Papers ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥ 234

PSJシンポジウムSymposium Sessions

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

対話システムが与える語用論研究の新たな視点
東中竜一郎
名古屋大学大学院情報学研究科
higashinaka@i.nagoya-u.ac.jp<Abstract> Dialogue systems, such as voice assistants on smartphones and communication
robots, are becoming more and more prevalent in our daily lives. Consequently, it is increasingly
crucial for these systems to communicate in a way that aligns with the user and the context ofthe dialogue. This paper will begin by describing the basics of dialogue systems. It will thendetail recent advancements in generating utterances that are tailored to the user and dialogue
situation, drawing on examples from the live dialogue system live competition and dialogue
robot competition. Finally, the paper will explore the ways in which pragmatic research can beapplied to enhance dialogue systems and the potential for pragmatic research to be implemented
in these systems.
【キーワード】 対話システム，対話状況，対話システムライブコンペティション，対話ロボット
コンペティション，大規模言語モデル

1

はじめに

対話システムとは人間と対話をするコンピュータを指す．Siri や Alexa などスマートフォンやス
マートスピーカーとして実装されたり，Pepper のようにコミュニケーションロボットとして実装
されたりする．近年では，大規模言語モデルを用いた対話システムが多く作られており，その性能が高まるとともに実社会においても広く利用され始めている．
対話システムは大きくタスク指向型と非タスク指向型に分かれる．前者は所定のタスクを遂行することを目的としており，後者はタスクの遂行を主な目的としない．Siri や Alexa は基本的にはタスク指向型の対話システムである．チャットボットと呼ばれる雑談を主に行う対話システムは非タスク指向型である．これ以外の分類として，身体を持つかどうかや入力としてテキスト，音声，
ジェスチャなどを受け付けるかどうかによっても分類される [7]．
対話システムの意義はさまざまある．まず，相手に合わせたやり取りが可能ということである．
対話では，やり取りにより相手の知識や理解の度合いが分かってくる．この特性により，ユーザに合わせた効率的な情報伝達ができる．また，アイズフリー・ハンズフリーと呼ばれる，画面を見なくても，また，操作を手で行わなくても利用できるという特性もある．運転や料理などの途
中で音声を介し，他の作業と並行して利用できる．また，対話という直感的なインタフェースを用いて機器操作ができることは大きな利点である．人工知能が高度化するにつれて，その機能を使いこなすには熟練が必要になってくる．対話による機器操作はデジタルデバイドの解消や多くのユーザに高度な技術の恩恵を与えうる．また，認知科学・人間科学への貢献という意義もある．
対話システムを構築することは，人間の構成論的な研究であると言える．対話システムを構築することにより，人間に関する知見を得ることができる．
対話システムは，社会の中で広く使われるようになっておきており，その影響から語用論研究との接点が多くなってきている．筆者が主催者として関わった，後述する対話システムライブコ
ンペティションや対話ロボットコンペティションでは，語用論に関わる知見が幅広く活用されている．本稿では，対話システムライブコンペティションや対話ロボットコンペティションにおける事例を参照しながら，ユーザや対話状況に即した発話の実現に向けた最近の取り組みについて述べる．そして，語用論研究の知見がどのように対話システムに活用されるかについて展望し，対−1−

対話システムが与える語用論研究の新たな視点

図 1: 画面上に表示されたマルチモーダル対話システム（CGErica）
εητϞ ໌઴ੜਭεθΩ ঃ ೧ྺ̎ࡂ৮‫ۂ‬୉ָ̐೧ਫ਼
Ϥʖδ ໌઴౮ઔϤΤΫ ஋ঃ ೧ྺ̎ࡂ৮‫ۂ‬୉ָ̐೧ਫ਼
࿫ं͹‫ ܐؖ‬ಋͣ୉ָ͹κϝ͹༓ਕಋ࢞৖ॶʀ࣎ؔ୉ָ͹ΩϓΥ౲ೖ͹द‫ۂ‬श྅‫ޛ‬য়‫ڱ‬ʀ࿫ୌεθΩʤεητϞʥͺϤΤΫʤϤʖδʥ͖ΔईΕͱ͏ͪຌΝจࣨ͢ɾศ
‫ͪͮ͵͚͵͘Ͳ͗٭‬ɿࣆ৚Νઈ໎͢ःࡓΝͤΖɿ
εθΩʤεητϞʥͳ༓ਕ͹ϤΤΫʤϤʖδʥͺಋͣ୉ָ͹κϝ͹༓ਕಋ࢞Ͳ͍ΖɿεθΩͺϤΤΫͶຌΝईΕͱ͏ͪɿͨΗͺ͖͵Ε߶Ճ͵઒໵ॽͲɾϤΤΫ͗̐ुؔ΍͹ؔɾ਑͏Πϩώ΢φΝ͢ͱΏͮͳഛͮͪ΍͹ͫͳஎͮͱ͏ͪ͗ɾࣙ෾΍‫ັڷ‬͹͍Ζ಼༲ͫͮͪ͹ͲໃཀྵΝ‫ͱͮݶ‬ईΕͪຌͫɿ͍Ζೖుऄ͹໤୪ͶΩώϱΝ๪Ηͱ͢Ήͮͪ͗ɾͨ͹ΩώϱͶͺईΕͱ͏ͪຌ͗೘ͮͱ͏ͪɿరಕճऀͶͺ໲͏߻Κͦͪ͢ɾܱࡱͶ΍࿊ཙͪ͗͢ɾΩώϱͺΉͫ‫͏͵͏ͱ͖ͮͯݡ‬ɿ΍ͬΘΞอঊ͢Γ͑ͳߡ͓ͱ͏Ζ͗ɾΉͥͺϤΤΫͶͬ͘ΞͳःΔ͵͏ͳ͏͜͵͏ɿͬ͞Δ͹੥қΝࣖͤͪΌͶɾϟʖϩΏు࿫Ͳͺ͵͚௜ંճͮͱःΘ͑ͳࢧ͑ɿͨ͞ͲεθΩͺϟʖϩͲʰͬΒͮͳ࿫͍͗ΖΞͫ͜ʹʱͳϤΤΫΝ୉಼ָ͹ΩϓΥͶ‫;ݼ‬ड़ͤ͞ͳͶͪ͢ɿ઎ͶΩϓΥͲଶͮͱ͏Ζͳɾ೘޳͖ΔϤΤΫ͗వͶ೘ͮͱཔΖ͹͗‫͓ͪݡ‬ɿ౏୼Ͷࢧ͏ड़͠ΗΖ͹ͺຌΝഛ͑ͪΌͶຘೖΠϩώ΢φΝ͢ͱ͏ͪϤΤΫ͹ɾϖφϖφͶൾΗ઀ͮͪࢡͫɿͺͪ͢ͱϤΤΫͺ‫͚ͱ͢ڒ‬ΗΖͫΘ͖͑ɿ

図 2: 第 5 回対話システムライブコンペティションにおけるシチュエーション
話システムを用いた語用論研究の可能性について述べる．

2

対話システムライブコンペティション

対話システムライブコンペティションとは，聴衆の前で対話システムをライブで動作させて評価し，対話システムの問題点をコミュニティで共有することが目的のコンペティションである [8]．
二つの部門からなり，任意の話題で会話をするオープントラックと所定の状況で人間らしく会話をするシチュエーショントラックがある．シチュエーショントラックでは，状況に合わせてどのよ
うに発話を行うべきかに焦点が当てられており，語用論研究との関係が深い．
第 5 回対話システムライブコンペティション [8] では，ユーザと表情やジェスチャを交えて話す
マルチモーダル対話システムが開発の対象であった．話者は画面上に表示される CG キャラクタ（図 1）と対話を行う．
シチュエーショントラックでは，謝罪のシチュエーションを扱った．具体的には図 2 に示されるシチュエーションを用いた．システム側が借りていた本をなくしてしまい，それについてユー
ザに謝罪するというものである．このシチュエーションは，言語教育におけるオーラルプロフィ
シャンシーインタビュー [9] を参考に作成した．本コンペティションにおいて対話システムの評価
はどのくらい人間らしく状況にあった対話ができたかで評価されるため，人間の謝罪の方法を参考にする必要がある．本コンペティションでは，主催者側が基準となるベースラインシステムを−2−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

図 3: SUNABA の GUI のスクリーンショット用意した．語用論的方策 [6] を用いたものであり，具体的には，謝罪にあたり話題の前触れ，事情説明，責任の承認，謝罪，申し訳なさの表明，なだめ，人間関係への言及，埋め合わせ，感謝，約束のシーケンスを行うものであった．
本トラックには 11 チームが参加したが，優勝したシステムは大規模言語モデルに基づく対話シ
ステムであった [5]．大規模言語モデルとは膨大なテキストデータを基に次単語を予測するモデル
であり，文脈を与えて次単語を順次予測することで，文脈に即した発話を生成する．二位のシス
テムは，談話研究や語用論の知見を活かしたシステムであり，前述の語用論的方策を用いると同時にマルチモーダル分析の知見を取り入れていた [4]．
対話システムの実装には一般にプログラミングなどの知識が必要となるが，第 5 回対話システ
ムライブコンペティションでは，SUNABA （https://boteditor.sunaba.docomo.ne.jp/） と呼ばれる GUI（グラフィカルユーザインタフェース）のツールを用いてマルチモーダル対話シス
テムを実現できる環境を主催者側で整えた．図 3 に SUNABA の GUI を用いた対話システム構築の様子を示す．これにより，多くの談話研究・語用論研究に関わる研究者の参加を実現でき，またこれらの分野の知見が対話システムに有効であることが確認できた．

3

対話ロボットコンペティション

対話ロボットコンペティション [1] とは，人型ロボットの対話能力を競うコンペティションである．
人と自然に対話しながら人々の活動を支援するロボットの実現を目指して，ロボットの対話技術を，コンペティションを通して分野全体で向上していくことを目的としている．
人型ロボットは，様々なセンサを用いてユーザの音声だけでなく表情やしぐさなどを認識できたり，体を用いてジェスチャや表情など様々な表現ができたりする．音声対話システムよりも複雑である反面，多くの情報や多くの表現手段を用いることで，従来の対話システムとは異なる方
法で人間との意思疎通を実現できる可能性がある．対話ロボットコンペティションは過去 2 回実施しており，直近の対話ロボットコンペティション 2022 では，ロボットに関する国際会議である
The 2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2022)の公式コンペティションとして実施した．
本コンペティションに用いた対話ロボットは人間に酷似したアンドロイドである．タスクは旅行代理店における接客（観光地のおすすめ）である．接客ではホスピタリティが求められ，その−3−対話システムが与える語用論研究の新たな視点

図 4: 対話ロボットコンペティション 2022 における対話模様．左側が筆者，右側が対話ロボット．
ために状況やユーザに応じた発話や表情，ジェスチャを実現する必要がある．
コンペティションの参加者は，対話ロボットを操作するソフトウェアを開発する．主催者側で必要なソフトウェアを準備することで，参加者はユーザの発話に対してシステム発話と表情・ジェ
スチャを生成する対話制御部のみを開発すればよいようにした．図 4 にロボットとの対話模様を示す．
優勝したシステムは，対話システムライブコンペティションと同様，大規模言語モデルを用いたシステムであった [3]．大規模言語モデルを用いることで，ユーザのさまざまな発話に柔軟に回答できる点が特に評価された．なお，大規模言語モデルを用いたシステムでは，発話生成を行う
方法としてプロンプティングを用いる．これは，適切な次発話を生成するための文脈を記述する方法である．この記述は対話シナリオの作成に類似した作業であり，SUNABA と並んで簡易に対話システムを実現する方法として有望である．その他のシステムは，ユーザの性格を推定することでユーザに応じて挙動を変えたりする [2] など，直接的に語用論研究の知見が活用されている
わけではないものの，ユーザや状況に応じた発話を行うための多くの取り組みが見られた．

4

対話システムと語用論研究

本稿でも述べたように，語用論研究は対話システムに取り入れられており，実社会における対話システムにおいてさらなる活用が望まれる．また，対話システムを用いた語用論研究も今後活発になると想定される．たとえば，理論の検証ツールとして対話システムは有用である．具体的には，実験条件をさまざま変えて人間と対話させ所定の理論の効果を実証することができる．さらに，実際に対話システムを構築すると，システムが行うすべての挙動を扱う必要があるため，対話システムは人間が当たり前と思っている対話現象に気づかせてくれる．加えて，対話システム
ならではの発話の用法の発見につながる可能性がある．システムだからこその言い回しや情報伝達ができるかもしれない．
現状，対話システム構築のコストが低くなってきている．SUNABA のような GUI を用いてもよいし，大規模言語モデルとプロンプティングを用いてもよい．対話システムライブコンペティション
や対話ロボットコンペティションでは，なるべく参加者が開発しやすいようにソフトウェアを準備している．詳しくは各コンペティションのホームページ（https://sites.google.com/view/dslc5，
https://sites.google.com/view/drc2022-jp）を参照されたい．語用論研究の知見が対話シス
テムに用いられることに加え，対話システムを用いた語用論研究の進展が期待される．

−4−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

謝辞
第 5 回対話システムライブコンペティションおよび対話ロボットコンペティション 2022 は，新学術領域研究「人間機械共生社会を目指した対話知能システム学」（19H05692）の支援を受けた．また，第 5 回対話システムライブコンペティションの予選については，ムーンショット目標１「2050年までに、人が身体、脳、空間、時間の制約から解放された社会を実現」（JPMJMS2011）の一環として実施した．

参考文献[1] Takashi Minato, Ryuichiro Higashinaka, Kurima Sakai, Tomo Funayama, Hiromitsu
Nishizaki, and Takayuki Nagai. Overview of dialogue robot competition 2022. arXiv preprint
arXiv:2210.12863, 2022.
[2] Tamotsu Miyama and Shogo Okada. Personality-adapted multimodal dialogue system. arXiv
preprint arXiv:2210.09761, 2022.
[3] Takato Yamazaki, Katsumasa Yoshikawa, Toshiki Kawamoto, Masaya Ohagi, Tomoya Mizumoto, Shuta Ichimura, Yusuke Kida, and Toshinori Sato. Tourist guidance robot based on
hyperclova. arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.10400, 2022.
[4] 白井宏美. 謝罪場面に適した人らしいマルチモーダル対話システムの実現に向けて. 人工知能学会研究会資料 言語・音声理解と対話処理研究会（第 13 回対話システムシンポジウム）,
Vol. 96, pp. 130–135, 2022.
[5] 吉川克正, 川本稔己, 山崎天, 水本智也, 小林滉河, 大萩雅也, 佐藤敏紀. シチュエーションに合わせたシナリオ誘導と HyperCLOVA を利用した応答生成によるハイブリッド対話システム.
人工知能学会研究会資料 言語・音声理解と対話処理研究会（第 13 回対話システムシンポジウム）, Vol. 96, pp. 124–129, 2022.
[6] ボイクマン聡子, 宇佐美洋. 友人間での謝罪時に用いられる語用論的方策—日本語母語話者と中国語母語話者の比較—. 語用論研究, No. 7, pp. 31–44, 2005.
[7] 東中竜一郎. 対話システムの作り方 (実践・自然言語処理シリーズ). 近代科学社, 2023.
[8] 東中竜一郎, 高橋哲朗, 堀内颯太, 稲葉通将, 佐藤志貴, 船越孝太郎, 小室允人, 西川寛之, 宇佐美まゆみ, 港隆史, 境くりま, 船山智. 対話システムライブコンペティション 5. 人工知能学会
研究会資料 言語・音声理解と対話処理研究会（第 13 回対話システムシンポジウム）, Vol. 96,
pp. 93–100, 2022.
[9] 嶋田和子, 酒井祥子, 西部由佳. ロールプレイ玉手箱. ひつじ書房, 2010.

−5−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）೔ৗձ࿩ίʔύε͕΋ͨΒ͢‫༻ޠ‬࿦‫ڀݚ‬ͷՄೳੑখү Ֆֆࠃཱࠃ‫ॴڀݚޠ‬<Abstract>

The main features of the Corpus of Everyday Japanese Conversation, CEJC, include: i) a focus
on conversations that occurred naturally in activities of daily life; ii) a balanced collection of
everyday conversations that capture their diversity; and iii) the publication of audio and video
data for a better understanding of the mechanism of real-life social behavior. The publication ofa large-scale corpus of everyday conversations that includes video data is a new approach. In thispaper, we ﬁrst present an overview of the corpus, and then consider the potential of the CEJC forpragmatics research.

ʲ Ω ʔ ϫ ʔ υ ʳ ೔ ৗ ձ ࿩ ɺ࿩ ͠ ‫ ݴ‬༿ ί ʔ ύ ε ɺί ʔ ύ ε ͷ ར ༻ Մ ೳ ੑ1͸͡Ίʹʰ೔ຊ‫ޠ‬೔ৗձ࿩ίʔύεʱ
ʢThe Corpus of Everyday Japanese Conversation, CEJCʣ͸ ɺࠃཱ ࠃ ‫ ڞ ॴ ڀ ݚ ޠ‬ಉ ‫ ڀ ݚ‬ϓ ϩ δ Σ Ϋ τʮ େ ‫ ن‬໛ ೔ ৗ ձ ࿩ ί ʔ ύ ε ʹ ‫ ͘ ͮ ج‬࿩ ͠ ‫ ݴ‬༿ ͷ ଟ֯ త ‫ ڀ ݚ‬ʯʹ ͓ ͍ ͯ 2016 ೥ ౓ Α Γ ߏ ங Λ ਐ Ί ɺ2022 ೥ 3 ݄ ʹ Ұ ൠ ެ ։ ͠ ͨ ɺ೔ ৗ ձ ࿩

200 ࣌ ؒ Λ ର ৅ ͱ ͢ Δ ί ʔ ύ ε Ͱ ͋ Δʢ খ ү ΄ ͔ 2023ʣɻ͜ Ε · Ͱ ެ ։ ͞ Ε ͯ ͖ ͨ ೔ ຊ ‫ ޠ‬ͷ ձ ࿩ ί ʔ ύ ε ͸ ɺେ ֶ ੜ ͳ Ͳ ͷ ए ऀ ಉ ࢜ ͷ ձ ࿩ ΍ೋ ऀ ؒ ձ ࿩ ɺి ࿩ ձ ࿩ ͱ ͍ ͬ ͨ Α ͏ ʹ ɺର ৅ ͱ ͢ Δ ࿩ ऀ ΍ ৔ ໘ ͳ Ͳ ʹ ภ Γ ͕ ‫ ݟ‬Β Ε ͨ ɻ· ͨ ࣮ ࡍ ͷ ೔ ৗ ৔ ໘ ͷ ձ ࿩ Ͱ ͸ ͳ ͘ ɺऩ ࿥ ͷ ͨ Ί ʹ ू · ͬ ͯ ࡶ ஊ ͠ ͯ ΋ Β ͏ ͱ ͍ ͬ ͨΑ ͏ ʹ ɺ࡞ Β Ε ͨ ৔ ໘ ͷ ձ ࿩ ΋ গ ͳ ͘ ͳ ͍ ɻ͠ ͔ ͠ ɺ೔ ৗ ձ ࿩ ͸ ࣾ ձ ੜ ‫ ׆‬ͷ ‫ ج‬൫ Ͱ ͋Γ ɺ೔ ৗ ͷ ࿩ ͠ ‫ ݴ‬༿ ͷ ಛ ௃ ΍ ࢓ ૊ Έ ɺ೔ ৗ ੜ ‫ ׆‬Λ ԁ ‫ ͢ ʹ ׈‬Δ ͨ Ί ͷ ձ ࿩ ί ϛ ϡ χ έ ʔγ ϣ ϯ ͷ ༗ ༷ Λ ղ ໌ ͢ Δ ͨ Ί ʹ ΋ ɺ೔ ৗ ձ ࿩ Λ ޿ ͘ ऩ ू ͠ ͨ ί ʔ ύ ε ͸ ෆ Մ ܽ Ͱ ͋Δ ɻͦ ͜ Ͱ CEJC Λ ߏ ங ͢ Δ ʹ ͋ ͨ Γ ɺ(1) ೔ ৗ ੜ ‫ Ͱ ׆‬ੜ ͡ Δ Ϧ Ξ ϧ ͳ ձ ࿩ Λ ର ৅ ͱ ͢Δ ͜ ͱ ɺ(2) ଟ ༷ ͳ ৔ ໘ ʹ ͓ ͚ Δ ଟ ༷ ͳ ࿩ ऀ ʹ Α Δ ձ ࿩ Λ Ͱ ͖ Δ ͩ ͚ ό ϥ ϯ ε Α ͘ ू ΊΔ ͜ ͱ ɺ(3) Ի ੠ ͩ ͚ Ͱ ͳ ͘ ө ૾ · Ͱ ‫ ؚ‬Ί ͯ ऩ ࿥ɾެ ։ ͠ ձ ࿩ ߦ ಈ Λ ૯ ମ త ʹ ղ ໌ ͢ Δ
ͨ Ί ͷ ‫ ڥ ؀ ڀ ݚ‬Λ ఏ ‫ ͢ ڙ‬Δ ͜ ͱ Λ ໨ ඪ ͱ ͠ ͨ ɻಛ ʹ ɺ೔ ৗ ձ ࿩ Λ 200 ࣌ ؒ ͷ ‫ ن‬໛ Ͱ ө
૾ · Ͱ ‫ ؚ‬Ί ͯ ެ ։ ͢ Δ ͱ ͍ ͏ ͷ ͸ ɺੈ ք త ʹ ‫ ͯ ݟ‬΋ ৽ ͠ ͍ औ Γ ૊ Έ ͱ ‫ ͑ ݴ‬Δ ɻຊ ߘ Ͱ͸ ɺCEJC ͷ ઃ ‫ ܭ‬΍ ߏ ੒ ͳ Ͳ ʹ ͭ ͍ ͯ આ ໌ ͠ ͨ ্ Ͱ ɺCEJC ͷ ࣋ ͭ ‫ ༻ ޠ‬࿦ ‫ ڀ ݚ‬ͷ Մ ೳ ੑʹ͍ͭͯߟ͍͑ͨɻ

−6−

日常会話コーパスがもたらす語用論研究の可能性

2

CEJC ͷઃ‫ܭ‬ɾߏ੒

2.1

ऩ࿥ํ๏

ଟ༷ͳ৔໘ʹ͓͚Δଟ༷ͳ࿩ऀʹΑΔձ࿩ΛͰ͖Δ͚ͩόϥϯεΑ͘ूΊΔͨΊʹ ɺ200 ࣌ ؒ ͷ ͏ ͪ 185 ࣌ ؒ ʹ ͭ ͍ ͯ ɺ‫ ݸ‬ਓ ີ ண ๏ ͱ ‫ ݺ‬͹ Ε Δ ํ ๏ Ͱ ձ ࿩ Λ ऩ ࿥ ͠ ͨ ɻ‫ ݸ‬ਓ ີ ண ๏ Ͱ ͸ ɺ40 ໊ ͷ ௐ ࠪ ‫ऀ ྗ ڠ‬ʢ உ ঁ ×20 ୅ɾ30 ୅ɾ40 ୅ɾ50 ୅ɾ60 ୅ Ҏ ্ × ֤ 4
໊ ʣʹ ໿ 3 ϲ ݄ ؒ ɺऩ ࿥ ‫ ࡐ ػ‬౳ Λ ି ͠ ग़ ͠ ɺͰ ͖ Δ ͩ ͚ ଟ ༷ ͳ ৔ ໘ɾଟ ༷ ͳ ࿩ ऀ ͱ ͷ ձ࿩ Λ ‫ ࣗ ऀ ྗ ڠ‬਎ ʹ ऩ ࿥ ͠ ͯ ΋ Β ͬ ͨ ɻ͜ ͷ த ͔ Β ɺσ ʔ λ ͷ ό ϥ ϯ ε ΍ ྙ ཧ త ໰ ୊ ͳͲ ΋ ߟ ྀ ͠ ͨ ্ Ͱ ɺ‫ ͨ ͋ ऀ ྗ ڠ‬Γ 4ʙ6 ࣌ ؒ ͷ ձ ࿩ Λ ί ʔ ύ ε ʹ ֨ ೲ ͢ Δ σ ʔ λ ͱ ͠ ͯબఆ͍ͯ͠Δɻ͜ ͷ Α ͏ ʹ ‫ ʹ ऀ ྗ ڠ‬͸ Ͱ ͖ Δ ͩ ͚ ଟ ༷ ͳ ৔ ໘ɾ࿩ ऀ ͱ ͷ ձ ࿩ Λ ऩ ࿥ ͢ Δ Α ͏ ґ པ ͨ͠ ͕ ɺ‫ ऀ ྗ ڠ‬Λ ੒ ਓ ʹ ‫ ͱ ͜ ͨ ͬ ݶ‬΍ ऩ ࿥ ‫ ڐ‬Մ ͷ औ ಘ ͷ ೉ ͠ ͞ ͳ Ͳ ͔ Β ɺະ ੒ ೥ ऀ ͷ ձ࿩ ΍ ࢓ ࣄ ৔ ໘ ͷ ձ ࿩ ͕ ෆ ଍ ͢ Δ ܏ ޲ ͕ ‫ ݟ‬Β Ε ͨʢKoiso et al. 2018ʣɻͦ ͜ Ͱ ͦ ͷ ෆ ଍ Λิ ͏ ͨ Ί ʹ ɺ࢓ ࣄ த ͷ ձ ٞ ձ ߹ Λ ໿ 10 ࣌ ؒ ɺத ߴ ੜ ͷ ࡶ ஊɾଧ ߹ ͤ ౳ Λ ໿ 5 ࣌ ؒ ɺ‫ܭ‬

15 ࣌ ؒ Λ ௥ Ճ Ͱ ऩ ू ͠ ͨ ɻ͜ Ε Λ ಛ ఆ ৔ ໘ ๏ ͱ ‫ ݺ‬Μ Ͱ ͍ Δ ɻ
ਤ 1 ʹ ɺ‫ ݸ‬ਓ ີ ண ๏ Ͱ ऩ ࿥ ͞ Ε ͨ ձ ࿩ ͷ ө ૾ σ ʔ λ ͷ ྫ Λ ࣔ ͢ ɻ‫ ݪ‬ଇ ͱ ͠ ͯ ɺձ ࿩ͷ ৔ ͷ ԣ ʹ ઃ ஔ ͠ ͨ Χ ϝ ϥ 2 ୆ Ͱ ࿩ ऀ ΍ ձ ࿩ ͷ ঢ় ‫ گ‬Λ ၆ ᛌ త ʹ ‫ ه‬࿥ ͢ Δ ͱ ͱ ΋ ʹʢ ਤ

1 ͷ ӈɾ্ Լ ʣɺ360 ౓ ࡱ Ө Մ ೳ ͳ Χ ϝ ϥ 1 ୆ Λ ձ ࿩ ͷ ৔ ͷ த ԝ ʹ ഑ ஔ ͠ ձ ࿩ ऀ Λ த ৺ ʹࡱ Ө ͠ ͯ ͍ Δʢ ਤ 1 ࠨ ʣɻऩ ࿥ ͷ ঢ় ‫ گ‬౳ ʹ Α ͬ ͯ ɺ3 ୆ ະ ຬ ͷ Χ ϝ ϥ Ͱ ͷ ऩ ࿥ ɺ͋ Δ ͍͸ ผ ͷ Χ ϝ ϥ Ͱ ͷ ऩ ࿥ ΍ ɺి ࿩ ձ ࿩ ͳ Ͳ Χ ϝ ϥ ͳ ͠ ͷ ऩ ࿥ ΋ ͋ Δ ɻ

ਤ 1: ө૾σʔλͷྫɿ෉්ͰྉཧΛ͍ͯ͠Δ৔໘ʢ࿦จ‫ʹ༻ࡌܝ‬࿩ऀͷ‫ʹإ‬ϘΧγॲཧΛ͍ͯ͠Δʣ

−7−

日本語用論学会

2.2

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ίʔύεͷߏ੒

ਤ 2 ʹ CEJC ͷ શ ମ ͷ ߏ ੒ Λ ࣔ ͢ ɻө ૾ɾԻ ੠ σ ʔ λ ɺస ‫ ه‬ς Ω ε τ ɺ୹ ୯ Ґ ৘ ใ ɺ௕୯ Ґ ৘ ใʢ ࣗ ಈ ෇ ༩ ʣ͸ CEJC શ ମ ʹ ର ͠ ͯఏ ‫ ͞ ڙ‬Ε Δ ɻ· ͨ ‫ ݸ‬ਓ ີ ண ๏ Ͱ ऩ ࿥ ͠ ͨ ձ࿩ ͔ Β શ ମ ͷ 1 ׂ ʹ ૬ ౰ ͢ Δ 20 ࣌ ؒ Λʮ ίΞ ʯσ ʔ λ η ο τ ͱ ͠ ͯ બ ผ ͠ ɺਓ ख म ਖ਼ɾਓ ख ෇ ༩ ͠ ͨ 4 छ ྨ ͷ Ξ ϊ ς ʔ γ ϣ ϯʢ ௕୯ Ґ ৘ ใ ɺ܎ Γ ड ͚ ৘ ใʢ ઙ ‫ݪ‬ɾए ‫ ڱ‬2022ʣɺஊ ࿩ ߦ ҝ ৘ ใʢIseki et al. 2022ʣɺӆ ཯ ৘ ใʢ খ

ਤ 2: CEJC ͷߏ੒үɾ٠ ஑ɾࢁ ా 2020ʣʣΛ ఏ ‫ ͢ ڙ‬Δ ɻ

2.3

ίʔύεͷ‫ن‬໛ɾ෼෍‫ ن‬໛ ͸ ɺձ ࿩ ਺ 577ɺԆ ΂ ࿩ ऀ ਺ 1675
໊ ɺҟ ͳ Γ ࿩ ऀ ਺ 862 ໊ ɺ໿ 240 ສ ‫ޠ‬ʢ ୹ ୯ Ґ ʣͰ ͋ Δ ɻਤ 3 ʹ ੑ ผɾ೥ ୅ ͝ͱ ͷ Ԇ ΂ ࿩ ऀ ਺ ͷ ෼ ෍ Λ ࣔ ͢ ɻ੒ ਓͷ ‫ ʹ ऀ ྗ ڠ‬ऩ ࿥ Λ ґ པ ͠ ͨ ͨ Ί ɺଟগ ͷ ҧ ͍ ͸ ‫ ݟ‬Β Ε Δ ΋ ͷ ͷ 20 ୅ ͔ Β

60 ୅ · Ͱ ͷ ੒ ਓ ʹ ͭ ͍ ͯ ͸ ͍ ͣ Ε ͷੈ ୅ ͷ உ ঁ ͱ ΋ 100 ਓ Ҏ ্ ͷ ࿩ ऀ ͕‫ · ؚ‬Ε ͯ ͓ Γ ɺ֓ Ͷ ό ϥ ϯ ε Α ͘ ऩ

ਤ 3: ೥ྸɾੑผ͝ͱͷԆ΂࿩ऀ਺ͷ෼෍࿥ Ͱ ͖ ͯ ͍ Δ ɻҰ ํ ɺະ ੒ ೥ ऀ ɺಛ ʹ

10 ࡀ ະ ຬ ͷ ࿩ ऀ ͸ ͔ ͳ Γ গ ͳ ͍ ɻ
3

CEJC ͷ࣋ͭ‫༻ޠ‬࿦‫ڀݚ‬ͷՄೳੑ1 અ Ͱ ΋ ड़ ΂ ͨ Α ͏ ʹ ɺै དྷ ‫ ڞ‬༗ Խ ͞ Ε ͯ ͖ ͨ ೔ ຊ ‫ ޠ‬ͷ ձ ࿩ ί ʔ ύ ε ͸ ɺେ ֶ ੜ ͳ Ͳͷ ए ऀ ಉ ࢜ ͷ ձ ࿩ ΍ ೋ ऀ ؒ ձ ࿩ ɺి ࿩ ձ ࿩ ͱ ͍ ͬ ͨ Α ͏ ʹ ɺ࿩ ऀ ΍ ৔ ໘ ͳ Ͳ ʹ ภ Γ ͕‫ ݟ‬Β Ε Δ ɻऩ ࿥ ͠ ΍ ͢ ͍ ৔ ໘ɾ࿩ ऀ Ͱ ͋ ͬ ͨ ͱ ͍ ͏ ͜ ͱ ΋ Ұ ͭ ͷ ཁ Ҽ Ͱ ͋ Δ ͱ ਪ ࡯ ͞Ε Δ ͕ ɺ࣮ ࡍ ͷ ೔ ৗ ৔ ໘ ʹ ͓ ͚ Δ ‫ ༻ ࢖ ޠ ݴ‬Λ ૝ ఆ ͠ ͯ ‫ ༻ ޠ‬࿦ ‫ ڀ ݚ‬Λ ਐ Ί Δ ͨ Ί ʹ ͸ ɺΑ Γ ଟ ༷ ͳ ৔ ໘ɾ࿩ ऀ Λ ‫ ؚ‬Ή ί ʔ ύ ε ͷ ‫ ڞ‬༗ Խ ͸ ෆ Մ ܽ ͱ ‫ ͑ ݴ‬Α ͏ ɻ

CEJC ʹ ‫ · ؚ‬Ε Δ ࿩ ऀ ͷ ೥ ྸɾੑ ผ ͷ ෼ ෍ ʹ ͭ ͍ ͯ ͸ ਤ 3 ʹ ࣔ ͠ ͨ ௨ Γ ɺ20ʙ60 ୅ ͸ό ϥ ϯ ε ྑ ͘ ऩ ࿥ ͞ Ε ͯ ͍ Δ ͕ ɺͦ Ε Ҏ ֎ ͷ ଆ ໘ ͸ Ͳ ͏ ͩ Ζ ͏ ͔ ɻCEJC Λ ߏ ங ͢ Δ−8−

日常会話コーパスがもたらす語用論研究の可能性ʹ ͋ ͨ Γ ɺͦ ΋ ͦ ΋ զ ʑ ͕ ී ஈ Ͳ ͷ Α ͏ ͳ छ ྨ ͷ ձ ࿩ Λ Ͳ ͷ ఔ ౓ ߦ ͬ ͯ ͍ Δ ͔ Λ ௐ ࠪ͠ʢ খ ү ΄ ͔ 2016ʣɺͦ ͷ ݁ Ռ Λ Ұ ͭ ͷ ࢦ ඪ ͱ ͠ ͳ ͕ Β CEJC ͷ ऩ ࿥ Λ ਐ Ί ͨ ɻͦ ͜ Ͱ ɺ

CEJC ͱ ձ ࿩ ߦ ಈ ௐ ࠪ ͱ ͷ ݁ Ռ Λ ൺ ֱ ͠ ͳ ͕ Β ɺCEJC ʹ Ͳ ͷ Α ͏ ͳ छ ྨ ͷ ձ ࿩ ͕ ‫· ؚ‬Ε ͯ ͍ Δ ͔ Λ ֓ ‫ ͍ ͨ ͠ ؍‬ɻձ ࿩ ‫ ࣜ ܗ‬ɺ࿩ ऀ ਺ ɺձ ࿩ ͷ ߦ Θ Ε ͨ ৔ ॴ ɺձ ࿩ த ͷ ‫ ׆‬ಈ ʹͭ ͍ ͯ ɺձ ࿩ ͷ ݅ ਺ ͱ ձ ࿩ ࣌ ؒ ͷ ‫ ͔ ఺ ؍‬Β ൺ ֱ ͠ ͨ ݁ Ռ Λ ਤ 4 ʹ ࣔ ͢ ɻ· ͣ ձ ࿩ ‫ ͯ ͍ ͭ ʹ ࣜ ܗ‬ɺࡶ ஊ ͩ ͚ Ͱ ͳ ͘ ༻ ஊ ૬ ஊ ΍ ձ ٞ ձ ߹ ͳ Ͳ ΋ Ұ ఆ ਺ ‫ · ؚ‬Ε ͯ
͍ Δ ͜ ͱ ͕ ෼ ͔ Δ ɻձ ࿩ ͷ ݅ ਺ Ͱ ‫ ݟ‬Δ ͱ ߦ ಈ ௐ ࠪ Α Γ CEJC Ͱ ͸ ࡶ ஊ ͕ ଟ ͘ ༻ ஊ ૬ ஊ͕ গ ͳ ͍ ܏ ޲ ͕ ‫ ݟ‬Β Ε Δ ͕ ɺձ ࿩ ࣌ ؒ Ͱ Έ Δ ͱ ߦ ಈ ௐ ࠪ ͱ ΄ ΅ ಉ ൺ ཰ ͱ ͳ ͬ ͯ ͍ Δ ɻ· ͨ ձ ࿩ ͷ ࿩ ऀ ਺ ʹ ͭ ͍ ͯ ΋ ɺ2 ਓ ձ ࿩ ͩ ͚ Ͱ ͳ ͘ ɺ5 ਓ Ҏ ্ ͷ ձ ࿩ ΋ ‫ ؚ‬Ί ଟ ༷ ͳ ਓ ਺ͷձ࿩͕‫·ؚ‬Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕෼͔ΔɻҰ ํ ɺ৔ ॴ ͱ ‫ ׆‬ಈ ʹ ͭ ͍ ͯ ͸ ɺߦ ಈ ௐ ࠪ ͱ CEJC ͱ Ͱ ό ϥ ϯ ε ͕ গ ͠ ҟ ͳ Δ ɻࣗ ୐ɾ৬ ৔ Ͱ ͷ Ո ࣄ ࡶ ࣄɾ࢓ ࣄ த ͷ ձ ࿩ ͕ ए ‫ ׯ‬গ ͳ ͘ ɺҿ ৯ ళ ͳ Ͳ ͷ ঎ ‫ ࢪ ڞ ެ ۀ‬ઃ ΍ ༑ ਓ ୐ɾ࣮ Ո ͳ Ͳ ͷ ࣨ ಺ Ͱ ͷ ࢲ త ‫ ׆‬ಈʢ ༑ ਓ ͱ ͷ ෇ ͖ ߹ ͍ ΍ Ϩ δ ϟ ʔ ‫ ׆‬ಈ ɼ՝ ֎ ‫ ׆‬ಈ ౳ ʣத ͷձ ࿩ ͕ ଟ ͍ ܏ ޲ ͕ ‫ ݟ‬Β Ε Δ ɻ͜ ͷ Α ͏ ʹ ߦ ಈ ௐ ࠪ ͱ ൺ ΂ ͯ ए ‫ ׯ‬ͷ ࠩ ͸ ͋ Δ ΋ ͷ ͷ ɺࣗ୐ Ͱ ͷ Ո ࣄ ࡶ ࣄ ΍ ৬ ৔ ΍ ֶ ߍ Ͱ ͷ ‫ ׆‬ಈ ɺె า ΍ ి ं Ͱ ͷ Ҡ ಈ த ͷ ձ ࿩ ͳ Ͳ ɺଟ ༷ ͳ ձ࿩͕‫·ؚ‬Ε͍ͯΔɻ͜ ͷ Α ͏ ͳ ଟ ༷ ͳ ৔ ໘ɾଟ ༷ ͳ ࿩ ऀ ͱ ͷ ձ ࿩ ʹ ͭ ͍ ͯ ɺCEJC શ ମ Λ · ͱ Ί ͯ ෼ ੳ ͢Δ ͜ ͱ ΋ Մ ೳ ͩ ͕ ɺ‫ ݸ‬ਓ ີ ண ๏ Ͱ ऩ ࿥ ͠ ͨ ൣ ғ ʹ ͭ ͍ ͯ ͸ ɺҰ ਓ ͷ ‫ ऀ ྗ ڠ‬Λ த ৺ ʹ ɺ৔໘΍૬खʹΑͬͯ‫ߦޠݴ‬ಈΛͲͷΑ͏ʹௐ੔͍ͯ͠Δ͔Λ෼ੳ͢Δ͜ͱ΋ՄೳͱͳΔʢ ྫ ͑ ͹ খ ү (2000) ͳ Ͳ ʣɻҰ ํ Ͱ ɺCEJC ʹ ‫ ݟ‬Β Ε Δ ภ Γ ʹ ΋ ஫ ҙ Λ ෷ ͏ ඞ ཁ ͕ ͋ Δ ɻCEJC ͸ ɺ೔ ৗ ੜ ‫ ׆‬ͷ ձ ࿩Λ ϥ ϯ μ Ϝ ʹ α ϯ ϓ Ϧ ϯ ά ͠ ͯ ऩ ࿥ ͠ ͯ ͍ Δ Θ ͚ Ͱ ͸ ͳ ͘ ɺௐ ࠪ ‫ ͕ ऀ ྗ ڠ‬ऩ ࿥ ͠ ΍ ͍͢ ৔ ໘ ΍ ৔ ॴ ɺ· ͨ ऩ ࿥ ʹ Ԡ ͡ ͯ ΋ Β ͑ Δ Α ͏ ͳ ؔ ܎ ੑ ͷ ૬ ख ͕ ର ৅ ͱ ͳ Γ ΍ ͢ ͍ ɻΑ ͬ ͯ ɺྫ ͑ ͹ ಉ ͡ ձ ٞ ձ ߹ Ͱ ͋ ͬ ͯ ΋ ɺվ · Γ ౓ ͷ ߴ ͍ ձ ٞ ձ ߹ ͸ ͋ · Γ ‫ · ؚ‬Ε ͓ͯ Β ͣ ɺඞ વ త ʹ ਌ ͠ ͍ ಉ ྅ ΍ औ Ҿ ઌ ͱ ͷ ձ ٞ ձ ߹ ͕ ଟ ͘ ͳ Δ ɻ͜ ͏ ͠ ͨ ภ Γ ʹ ஫ ҙ͠ ͯ ෼ ੳɾߟ ࡯ Λ ͢ Δ ඞ ཁ ͕ ͋ Δ ɻ

CEJC ͸ ɺ‫ ͘ ͳ Ͱ ͚ ͩ ֶ ޠ ݴ‬ɺ‫ ڭ‬ҭ ֶ ΍ ೝ ஌ Պ ֶ ɺ৘ ใ ޻ ֶ ͳ Ͳ ɺ෯ ޿ ͍ ෼ ໺ ͷ ‫ڀ ݚ‬ऀ ʹ ར ༻ ͞ Ε ͯ ͓ Γ ɺಉ ͡ ί ʔ ύ ε Λ ‫ ڀ ݚ ͨ ͠ ༻ ׆‬ͷ ͭ ͳ ͕ Γ ΋ ग़ ͯ ͖ ͯ ͍ Δ ɻ͜ ͏ͨ͠઀఺͕‫༻ޠ‬࿦‫ڀݚ‬Λ‫ؚ‬Ή‫ڀݚ‬ͷਐలʹߩ‫͢ݙ‬Δ͜ͱΛ‫͏ئ‬ɻ

−9−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ձ࿩‫ࣜܗ‬

࿩ऀ਺

৔ॴ

‫׆‬ಈ

ձ࿩݅਺ɹɹɹɹɹ

ձ࿩࣌ؒɹɹɹɹɹ

ਤ 4: ձ࿩‫ࣜܗ‬ɾ࿩ऀ਺ɾ৔ॴɾ‫׆‬ಈʹؔ͢Δ CEJC ͱߦಈௐࠪͷൺֱ

−10−

「モバイル時代の語用論―「打ちことば」は何を変えたか」ँࣙຊ ‫ ڀ ݚ‬͸ ࠃ ‫ ڞ ॴ ڀ ݚ ޠ‬ಉ ‫ ڀ ݚ‬ϓ ϩ δ Σ Ϋ τʮ େ ‫ ن‬໛ ೔ ৗ ձ ࿩ ί ʔ ύ ε ʹ ‫ ͘ ͮ ج‬࿩ ͠‫ ݴ‬༿ ͷ ଟ ֯ త ‫ ڀ ݚ‬ʯ͓ Α ͼ ‫ ܧ ޙ‬ϓ ϩ δ Σ Ϋ τʮ ଟ ੈ ୅ ձ ࿩ ί ʔ ύ ε ʹ ‫ ͘ ͮ ج‬࿩ ͠ ‫ ݴ‬༿ͷ ૯ ߹ త ‫ ڀ ݚ‬ʯͷ ੒ Ռ Ͱ ͋ Δ ɻί ʔ ύ ε ͷ ऩ ࿥ ʹ ͝ ‫ྗ ڠ‬ɾ͝ ࢀ Ճ ͘ ͩ ͞ ͬ ͨ օ ͞ · ʹ‫͢·͠ँײ‬ɻࢀরจ‫ݙ‬ઙ ‫ ݪ‬ਖ਼ ޾ɾ ए ‫ ڱ‬Ҁ ɽ2022. ʮʰ ೔ ຊ ‫ ޠ‬೔ ৗ ձ ࿩ ί ʔ ύ ε ʱʹ ର ͢ Δ ܎ Γ ड ͚ ৘ ใ Ξ ϊς ʔ γ ϣ ϯ ʯɺʰ ‫ ॲ ޠ ݴ‬ཧ ֶ ձ ୈ 28 ճ ೥ ࣍ େ ձ ༧ ߘ ू ʱ1699–1703ɽ

Iseki, Y. K. Kadota, and Y. Den. 2019. “Characteristics of everyday conversation derived from theanalysis of dialog act annotation”, Proceedings of the 22nd Oriental COCOSDA, 1–6.
Koiso, H., Y. Den, Y. Iseki, W. Kashino, Y. Kawabata, K. Nishikawa, Y. Tanaka, and Y. Usuda.
2018. “Construction of the Corpus of Everyday Japanese Conversation: An interim report,”
Proceedings of the 11th edition of Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, 4259–
4264.
খ ү Ֆ ֆɾ ౔ ԰ ஐ ߦɾ౉ ෦ ྋ ࢠɾԣ ৿ େ ีɾ૬ ᖒ ਖ਼ ෉ɾ఻ ߁ ੖ ɽ2016. ʮ ‫ ߧ ۉ‬ձ ࿩ ί ʔ ύε ઃ ‫ ܭ‬ͷ ͨ Ί ͷ Ұ ೔ ͷ ձ ࿩ ߦ ಈ ʹ ؔ ͢ Δ ‫ ૅ ج‬ௐ ࠪ ʯɺʰ ࠃ ཱ ࠃ ‫ ॴ ڀ ݚ ޠ‬࿦ ू ʱ10ɺ

85–106.
খ ү Ֆ ֆ ɽ2020. ʮ ೔ ৗ ձ ࿩ ί ʔ ύ ε Λ ‫ ͨ ͠ ༻ ׆‬ஸ ೡ ͞ɾର ਓ Ϟ μ Ϧ ς Ο ͷ ੜ ‫ ى‬ཁ Ҽͱ ͦ ͷ ࣮ ଶ ͷ ղ ໌ ʯɺా ‫ ߦ ۼ‬ଇɾ໺ ా ঘ ࢙ʢ ฤ ʣ
ʰσʔλʹ‫ͮ͘ج‬೔ຊ‫ޠ‬ͷϞμϦς Ο ‫ ڀ ݚ‬ʱɺ3–20ɺ౦ ‫ژ‬ɿ͘ Ζ ͠ ͓ ग़ ൛খ ү Ֆ ֆɾ ٠ ஑ ӳ ໌ɾࢁ ా ߴ ໌ ɽ2020. ʮʰ ೔ ຊ ‫ ޠ‬೔ ৗ ձ ࿩ ί ʔ ύ ε ʱ΁ ͷ ӆ ཯ ϥ ϕ Ϧ
ϯ ά–ϥ ϕ Ϧ ϯ ά ͷ ઃ ‫ ͱ ܭ‬೔ ৗ ձ ࿩ ͷ ӆ ཯ ͷ ಛ ௃–ʯɺʰਓ޻஌ೳֶձ‫ڀݚ‬ձࢿྉʱ

SIG-SLUD-B90, 34–39.
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第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ࠕࣔࣂ࢖ࣝ᫬௦ࡢㄒ⏝ㄽ̿ࠕᡴࡕࡇ࡜ࡤࠖࡣఱࢆኚ࠼ࡓ࠿ࠖ
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miyake@toyo.jp
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「モバイル時代の語用論―「打ちことば」は何を変えたか」͹࿰ૌΊͲͺଲॴ͘͢Η͵͏‫ݳ‬ে͹մ໎๏๑Νߡ͓Ζචགྷ͍͗Ζ΍͹͹ɼͨ͹ࣰସմ໎ͺɼʰαϱτέηφΝߡྂͶ೘Ηͱ‫༽࢘ޢݶ‬Ͷͯ͏ͱ‫ͤڂݜ‬Ζ෾໼ʀ๏๑࿨ʱ
ʤՅ౽ʀᖔీฦʤʥͳ͠ΗΖ‫༽ޢ‬࿨Ͷ͕͏ͱ΍॑གྷ͵՟ୌͲ͍Εɼࠕ‫ޛ‬͹‫ڂݜ‬͹ଁ୉ͳ਄Կ͗‫غ‬ଶ͠ΗΖɽ ͞ΗΉͲ͹‫ڂݜ‬͹ླྀΗΝ؈ୱͶ৾Εศͮͱ͕͑͞ɽ ೧ॵಆ͹‫ܠ‬ଵϟʖϩ͹‫ڂݜ‬ͺɼ‫ߨޢݶ‬ಊΏ‫ޢݶ‬න‫ݳ‬ʀන‫ى‬͹ಝ௅Ͷ஭໪͗ॄΉͮͪɽೖຌ‫ָޢ‬ʤɼʥͺ૥͏࣎‫غ‬Ͷ̐೧କ͜ͱ
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࣊Ώ‫ا‬ช࣊͹ཤ༽͹͖ͪ͢ͳਕؔ‫ܐؖ‬ΏऀճৼཀྵͶ΍঱఼͍͗ͱΔΗʤߧઔʀྵ໨ ɼࢀ୒
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ʰ଩ͬ͞ͳͻʱ㸯ͺɼชԿ৻٠ճࠅ‫ޢ‬෾ՌճͶΓΖͳɼʰుࢢϟʖϩΏ 616 ͵ʹ͹τΫηφ͹Ώ
ΕͳΕʱͶ͕͏ͱʰ࿫͢‫ݶ‬ཁ͹གྷોΝଡ͚‫؜‬΋৿͢͏ॽ͘‫ݶ‬ཁʱʤʥͲ͍Ζͳ͏͑ɽΉͪɼʰ‫ܠ‬ଵϟʖϩΏ 616 ͵ʹΝ༽͏ͪࢴద৖໚Ͷ͕͜ΖළൡͲ୻͏‫ݶ‬ཁ͹ΏΕखΕʱͶ͕͏ͱɼʰॽ͘‫ݶ‬ཁͲ͍ͮͱ΍ɾ͚ͫͪ͜࿫͢‫ݶ‬ཁదชର͗༽͏ΔΗʱΖʤʥͳ͢ɼྭͳ͢ͱන৚Ώ੢͹௒ࢢ͵ʹ͹৚ๅ͹ܿཚΝึ͑ͪΌ͹ֈช࣊ʀ‫ا‬ช࣊͹࢘༽ɼʰ͕ Nʤ2.ʥʱɾʰ͑ SʤXSʀΠρϕʥʱ͹Γ͑͵ʰ‫ޣ‬ร‫׷‬Νً‫ͤͳݱ‬Ζϋρφ଑‫ޢ‬ద͵න‫ى‬ʱΝ͍͝ͱ͏Ζɽͫ͗ɼ‫ܠ‬ଵు࿫ͳϏλαϱ͹ʰϟʖϩʱͺ໎Δ͖͵ην΢ϩ͹͍ࠫ͗Εɼֈช࣊Ώ‫ا‬ช࣊ͺචͥ͢΍ʰ‫֐ޢݶ‬͹৚ๅ͹ܿཚΝึ͑ͪΌʱͶͺ࢘ΚΗͱ͏͵͏ʤࢀ୒ Dʥɽ‫ܠ‬ଵϟʖϩΏ 616 ͲͺʰළൡͲ୻͏͞ͳ
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‫ͳحؽ‬ϕϧρφϓΧʖϞΝ௪͢ͱ‫ͳؔۯࣰݳ‬γ΢ώʖ‫͗ؔۯ‬༧߻ͤΖΓ͑͵αϝϣωίʖεϥϱ
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ʰ࿫͢‫ݶ‬ཁʱͳಋ༹ɼΓΕ‫͵֪ݭ‬੖ཀྵ͗චགྷ͵࣎‫غ‬Ͷཔͱ͏Ζ㸰ɽͳͺ͏͓ɼ؈݁Ͷઈ໎ͪ͢Εർֳͪ͢ΕͤΖ͞ͳ͗චགྷ͵৖߻΍͍ΖɽΩραΝͯ͜Ζ͵ʹ͢ͱࣖ͢ɼชহ಼Ͳ۫ରద͵−13−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ଲে൥ҕΝઈ໎ͤΖ͵ʹ͹޽෋͗චགྷͲ͍Θ͑ɽ͞͞Ͳͺ࢓ఈదͶɼ෼ཀྵదͶԽ੢Ͳන‫͠ݳ‬Ηͪ΍͹ΝʰԽ੢‫ޢݶ‬ʱɼช࣊Ͳන‫͠ݳ‬Ηͪ΍͹Νʰช࣊‫ޢݶ‬ʱͳ఑ҌΝ͢ɼʰߙ͠ʱYVʰೊΔ͖͠ʱͲ࣯͹ҩ͏Νઈ໎ͤΖ͞ͳΝ଩֋ࡨͳͪ͢͏ɽͨ͢ͱʰ଩ͬ͞ͳͻʱΝʰϋρφΝղͪ͢‫ޢݶ‬ʱ͹̏ͯͳͤΗͻɼʰߙ͏ʱϟʖϩ͹͖͢͞Ήͮͪชহ΍ʰೊΔ͖͏ʱ616 ͹ชহ΍‫؜‬΋͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘
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ࠕ⤮ᩥᏐ࣭࣭ࠕ࠾N㸦2.㸧ࠖ㸪ࠕ࠺S㸦XS࣭ࡢ᝟ሗࡢḞⴠࢆ⿵ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ

㢦ᩥᏐࠖࠊ
ࠕ࠾ N㸦2.㸧ࠖ㸪ࠕ࠺࢔ࢵࣉ㸧ࠖࡣࠕヰࡋゝⴥⓗࠖࡔࡅ࠿ FIࠕ㉸ゝᩥ୍⮴యࠖS㸦XS࣭࢔ࢵࣉ㸧ࠖ㸦ᩥ໬ᑂ㆟఍

࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊᩥᏐゝㄒࡔ࠿ࡽࡇ              ᅜㄒศ⛉఍      ࡢㄝ᫂㸧       㸦୕ᏯD㸧ࡍࡢ࠿ࡑࡢ⾲グ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿    ࠙ᬻᐃⓗᥦ᱌ࠚ                             ࠙ᬻᐃⓗᥦ᱌ࠚ


㡢ኌゝㄒ

ࢿࢵࢺࢆ௓ࡋࡓゝㄒᩥᏐゝㄒᅗ㸯㸬ࠕᡴࡕࡇ࡜ࡤࠖࠕヰࡋࡇ࡜ࡤࠖࠕ᭩ࡁࡇ࡜ࡤࠖࡢ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᢕᥱࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ࡜᪂ࡓ࡞ᥦ᱌
㸲㸬/,1( ࡢㄒ⏝ㄽ◊✲౛ ͞͞Ͳͺ /,1( Ͷ͕͜Ζғབ͹‫͖ڂݜ‬Δɼଲ໚ͳͺ୉͘͵ҡ͵ΕΝ‫ͦݡ‬ΖྭΝ়̐ͯղͤΖʤ৆

−14−

「モバイル時代の語用論―「打ちことば」は何を変えたか」ࡋͺࢀ୒ DɼEʥɽ ྭ໪ͺғབ͹ϏνʖϱͲ͍Ζɽೖຌ‫ޢ‬ͺʰ‫ڠ‬࿫ʱͳ͏͑֕೨Ͷে௅͠ΗΖΓ͑Ͷɼ૮घͳ‫ڠ‬ಋͲճ࿫Νߑ஛͢ͱ͏͚ͳ͏ΚΗΖʤਭ୫ ʥɽΉͪɼʰғབʱ͵ʹ͹
)7$ ͗߶͏൅࿫ߨҟΝߨ͑ࡏͺ͠ΔͶɼͪΌΔ͏Ώ‫͏ݶ‬ཐΊɼ૮घ͹ൕԢΝͽͳΉͥଶͯ͵ʹ͹ഓྂߨಊΝͳΖ͞ͳ͗ࢨఢ͠Ηͱ͏Ζʤೖ߶  ͵ʹʥɽͳ͞Θ͗͞͹௒ࠬ͹݃ՎͺΉ͚ͮͪҡ͵ͮͱ͏ͪɽғབ͹Ϗνʖϱͺ୉͚͘ʰҲ‫ـ‬ғབ‫ܗ‬ʱɼʰ෾ׄҲ‫ـ‬ғབ‫ܗ‬ʱɼʰࠠ߻ғབ‫ܗ‬ʱɼʰΏΕͳΕғབ‫ܗ‬ʱ͹̒झͶ෾͖Ηͪ͗ɼ૮घ͗ൕԢͤΖ઴ͶҲ‫ـ‬ͶғབͤΖ̐ͯ͹‫͗ܗ‬સର͹ 
Ͷ͹·ͮͪɽʰҲ‫ـ‬ғབ‫ܗ‬ʱͺਦ  ͹Γ͑Ͷɼ ͯ͹਩͘ड़͢ͲҲ‫ـ‬ͶғབΝߨ͑ν΢ϕɼʰ෾ׄҲ‫ـ‬ғབ‫ܗ‬ʱ΍ɼ͏͚͖ͯ͹਩͘ड़͢Ͷ෾͖ΗΖ΍͹͹૮घ͗ൕԢͤΖ઴Ͷғབ͢ͱ͢Ή͑ν΢
ϕͲ͍Ζɽʰࠠ߻ғབ‫ܗ‬ʱ΍ࣰͺʰҲ‫ـ‬ғབ‫ܗ‬ʱͶۛ͏ν΢ϕͲɼଲ໚͹αϝϣωίʖεϥϱͶ࠹΍ۛ͏ʰΏΕͳΕғབ‫ܗ‬ʱʤ͍͏Ͱͬ͵ʹ͹૮घ͹ൕԢΝ‫͗͵ݡ‬ΔғབΝਲ਼ߨͤΖʥͺ ˍͫͮ
ͪɽ͞͹ཀྵ༟ΝϓΧϫʖΠρϕʀ΢ϱνϑϣʖͲซ͚ͳɼ૮घ͗͏ͯ͹ν΢ϝϱήͲ‫ݡ‬Ζ͖Κ͖Δ͵͏ /,1( Ͳͺɼ͞ΉΌͶۢ઀Ζͳ࿫͹౏஦Ͳ૮घ͗ൕԢ͢ͱΏΕͳΕͶ͖͖࣎ؔ͗Ε൧ࡸͶ͵Ζɼໃମ͵Գ଎ΏৼഓΝ์͖ͦͱ͢Ή͑ɼͨΗΝඈ͜ΖͪΌͶҲ‫ـ‬Ͷғབ಼༲Νఽ͓ͪΆ͑͗͏͏ͳ͏͑౶͓͗ଡ͖ͮͪɽ͞͞ͲͺΨϱϧ΢ϱ͵ΔͲͺ͹ϛϧ΢φϋη͹қࣟ͗ಉ͏ͱ͏Ζɽ                    ⾲㸬྿ࡁฟࡋࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ౫㢗ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ
౫㢗ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ ௳ᩘ㸣୍Ẽ౫㢗ᆺ

ศ๭୍Ẽ౫㢗ᆺ





ΰྜ౫㢗ᆺ

ࡸࡾ࡜ࡾ౫㢗ᆺ





ྜィ

        







 
ᅗ 㸬୍Ẽ౫㢗ᆺ      ᅗ 㸬ࡸࡾ࡜ࡾ౫㢗ᆺ㸰౛┠ࡣࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࣂࢵࢡ⌧㇟࡜ྡ࡙ࡅࡓ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋLINE ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡣࢱ࢖࣒
ࣛࢢࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡓࡵࠊ┦ᡭࡢᛂ⟅ࡀ᮶ࡿ๓࡟⮬ศࡀⓎゝࡋࡓࡾࠊㄝ᫂ࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ㏵୰ࡸヰࢆḟ࡟㐍ࡵ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓᚋ࡟┦ᡭࡢ཯ᛂࡸ㉁ၥࡀධࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊᑐ㠃ࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾ࡛ࡣ㉳ࡇࡾ࠼࡞࠸
ㄯヰࡢᒎ㛤ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢሙྜࠊᅗ 4 ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢱ࢖࣒ࣛࢢ࡛㉳ࡇࡿࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡢ㱈㱒ࢆಟ෰ͪ͢Ε઴‫ؖͳޛ‬࿊Ͱͪ͜Ε͢ͱ஌࿫͹ηϞʖθ͵਒ߨΝৼ͗͜Ζචགྷ͍͗Ζɽଡ༹͵ࣁ‫ݱ‬Ν

−15−



日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）༽͏ͱʹ͹൅࿫΃͹ൕԢ͖͗෾͖ΖΓ͑Ͷ޽෋͢
ͱ͏Ζɽ͞Η΍ଲ໚Ͳͺ‫ݡ‬ΔΗ͵͏ɼ/,1( ͹Γ͑͵ඉଲ໚Ͳଊ࣎੓͹‫͏ک‬ϟυΡΠͲً͞ΕΏͤ͏‫ݳ‬েͲ͍Ζɽ ͞͞Ͷ͍ͪ͝ྭ͹Γ͑ͶɼϟυΡΠͶΓΖ੏༁Ώ࣎‫ؔۯ‬Νӿ͓ΖαϝϣωίʖεϥϱͲͺɼ/,1(Ͷ‫ݸ‬Δͥɼଲ໚Ͳͺً͞Εಚ͵͏Γ͑͵‫ݳ‬েΏ΢ϱνϧέεϥϱ͗‫܃‬Ε߁͝ΔΗɼ৙ସԿ͢ͱ͏͚ɽ
ʰϠώ΢ϩʀϟυΡΠ࣎େ͹‫༽ޢ‬࿨ʱ͹‫ٽ͗ڂݜ‬Ό
ΔΗΖΑ͓ΞͲ͍Ζɽ                    ᅗ 㸬ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࣂࢵࢡ⌧㇟㸳㸬࠾ࢃࡾ࡟ Ϡώ΢ϩʀϟυΡΠ͹ཤ༽ͺࠕ‫ޛ‬΍ଁ୉͢ɼήϫʖώϩͶఴ֋ͤΖͳߡ͓ΔΗΖɽࠅ֐Ͳͺ઒໵ࢿ -RXUQDORI&RPSXWHU0HGLDWHG&RPPXQLFDWLRQ  ɼ'LVFRXUVH&RQWH[W 0HGLD 
͹Ά͖ɼऀճͳ͞ͳͻ͹‫ؖ‬ΕΝߡ͓Ζ -RXUQDORI6RFLROLQJXLVWLFV ͵ʹकགྷ͵‫͗ࢿڂݜ‬ಝॄΝૌΊɼ͞͹๏໚͹‫ڂݜ‬Ͷ੷‫ۅ‬ద͵खΕૌΊ͗ߨΚΗͱ͏ΖɽαϫψՔΝ‫͖ͱܨ‬Δͺ͠ΔͶɼ&0& ͹༙༽੓ͳ໲ୌ఼΍ҲൢͶ΍ࣰ‫͠״‬ΗΖ஦ɼଡ༹͵‫ࣰޢݶ‬ભ͹‫ى‬फ़ͳ෾ੵ͗‫ٺ‬ແͲ͍Θ͑ɽͨ͹ͪΌͶͺɼ෾໼͹࿰Ν௔͓ͪ૮‫ླྀިޕ‬ʀࢂল͹ଇ਒ɼ๝෍͵ࡒྋΏࢻ఼Ν΍ͯऑघ‫͠੷ॄͳंڂݜ‬ΗͪஎࣟΏ෾ੵ๏๑Ν΍ͯज़࿇‫ͳंڂݜ‬͹‫ڢ‬ಉ͗‫ٽ‬ΌΔΗΖ͹Ͳͺ͵͏ͫΘ͖͑ɽὀ̏ɿຌߚͺʰ଩ͬ͞ͳͻʱͳන‫ͤى‬Ζ͗ɼช‫ݛ‬Ӏ༽͹৖߻ͺ‫ݬ‬ชͶனࣰͶʰ଩ͬ‫ݶ‬ཁʱͳͤΖɽ̐ɿ͞͞Ͳͺ؈݁੓Ν༑઎͢ͱ̑ͯΝखΕ৏͝ɼघ࿫͵ʹΝ‫؜‬Όͱ͏͵͏͗ɼαϝϣωίʖεϥϱͺ͞͹̑෾ྪͲฤ෉͜ΔΗΖ΍͹Ͳͺ͵͏͞ͳͺ͏͑ΉͲ΍͵͏ɽཧ↷ᩥ⊩Ѫ෨‫  ࢢڻ‬ʰָཻਫ਼͹ೖຌ‫ޢ‬ͶΓΖғབϟʖϩ͹ชহࢊड़գఖʗชহࢊड़գఖͶӪ‫ڻ‬Ν༫͓Ζགྷો͹෾ੵʗʱʲંৰ৖໚Ͷ͕͜Ζ‫ޢݶͳ༽࢘ޢݶ‬ସౕʳ ΠέχʖΠϱ ϕψϩʀ୉ශΖ͏ࢢ ʰೖຌਕָਫ਼ͳφϩαਕָਫ਼͹ғབߨಊ͹෾ੵʷ૮घഓྂ͹ࢻ఼͖Δʷʱʲ੊ֆ͹ೖຌ‫گޢ‬үʳɿ
৿Ҭฯ༡  ʰ‫ܠ‬ଵϟʖϩ‫ޢݶ‬ಝ༙න‫ى‬Ͷ‫ݳ‬ΗΖන‫ݳ‬ద‫ؽ‬೵͹ೖ‫ؘ‬ଲল‫ڂݜ‬ʗ୉ָਫ਼͹ःࡓ৖໚ΝଲেͶʗʱ௉ળ‫ڂݜޢ‬ճʤฦʥʲ௉ળ‫ڂݜޢ‬ʳ̓ɿ
ߧઔิʀྵ໨௜ਕ ʰःࡓชͶ෉༫͠Ηͪ‫ا‬ช࣊͗ण͜घ͹‫״‬৚Ͷ༫͓ΖްՎʱʲଲਕऀճৼཀྵָ‫ڂݜ‬ʳ ชԿ৻٠ճࠅ‫ޢ‬෾Ռճ ʰ෾͖Ε߻͑ͪΌ͹‫ޢݶ‬αϝϣωίʖεϥϱʤๅࠄʥ
ʱ

−16−

「モバイル時代の語用論―「打ちことば」は何を変えたか」

KWWSVZZZEXQNDJRMSNRKRBKRGRBRVKLUDVHKRGRKDSS\RBBLFV)LOHVDILHOGILOHDBSGI
+HUULQJ 6&  n$ )DFHWHG &ODVVLILFDWLRQ 6FKHPH IRU &RPSXWHU0HGLDWHG 'LVFRXUVH| /DQJXDJH#,QWHUQHWKWWSZZZODQJXDJHDWLQWHUQHWRUJDUWLFOHV
ೖ߶ਭุ ʰʰࡱ͢߻͏ʱ͹஌࿫ఴ֋Ͷ‫ݡ‬ΔΗΖೖຌ‫ޢ‬͹ഓྂ‫ߨޢݶ‬ಊʱࢀ୒࿪ࢢʀ໼ీচ
࢛ʀਫ਼ӿ৪धฦʲʰഓྂʱͺʹ͹Γ͑Ͷࣖ͠ΗΖ͖ʳt ౨‫ښ‬ʁͽͯͣॽ๬
Յ౽॑߁ʀᖔీ५ฦɿɿʲͺͣΌͱ͹‫༽ޢ‬࿨ʗ‫͖ેخ‬ΔԢ༽ΉͲʳ౨‫ښ‬ʁ‫ऀڂݜ‬ɿ
.+$07+21*7+,37$:$7ʰೖຌ‫ޢ‬͹ःࡓϟʖϩ͹ΏΕͳΕ͹ߑଆ෾ੵʁ༁଍Ϋϡϱιϩ͹ϟʖϩΝྭͳ͢ͱʱָҒ࿨ช ୉ࡗ୉ָɿ
‫ٳ‬ฯీͽΘ͏  ʰֈช࣊ͺՁΝఽ͓Ζ͖  ‫ܠ‬ଵϟʖϩͶ͕͜Ζֈช࣊͹Ϗϧ‫ޢݶ‬ద‫ؽ‬೵ͳτέηφ͹ߑଆԿʱʲ೟எ‫ָޢݶ‬࿨ߡʳ
૖ీ๗໽  ʰೖ‫ؘ‬฾‫ޢ‬৖໚͹ /,1( οϡρφ͹ճ࿫Ͷ͕͜Ζ͍͏Ͱͬ͹ಝ௅ʗ‫ڢ‬࿪ͳଲ࿫͹؏఼͖Δʗʱʲ୕৫୉ָ‫ڂݜָޢ‬ʳ
ਭ୫৶ࢢ ʲೖӵർֳ࿫͢͞ͳͻ͹ช๑ʳ͚Θ͕͢ड़൝
ࢀ୒࿪ࢢD ʰ‫ܠ‬ଵϟʖϩ͹࿫͢͞ͳͻͳॽ͘͞ͳͻʷుࢢϟυΡΠ࣎େ͹ϲΡζϣΠϩʀαϝϣωίʖεϥϱʱʲϟυΡΠͳ͞ͳͻʳ୊  ‫  ת‬౨‫ښ‬ʁͽͯͣॽ๬
ࢀ୒࿪ࢢ E ʰ‫ܠ‬ଵు࿫ͳऑं͹ଲਕ‫ܐؖ‬ʱʲߪ࠴ऀճ‫ޢݶ‬Ռָ  ϟυΡΠʳɿ౨
‫ښ‬ʁͽͯͣॽ๬
ࢀ୒࿪ࢢ ʰుࢢϟυΡΠ͹ช࣊ʀන‫ى‬ʗʰ௔‫ݶ‬ชҲ஗ରʱ͹‫ͳࡑݳ‬າཔʗʱʲೖຌ‫ޢ‬ช࣊ʀන‫ى‬͹ೋ͢͠ͳ͕΍͢Θ͠ʳSS SS     ౨‫ښ‬ʁ࠾ླྀऀ
ࢀ୒࿪ࢢD ʰ/,1( Ͷ͕͜Ζʰғབʱ͹஌࿫దಝ௅Ν‫ى‬फ़ʀ෾ੵͤΖ  ʷϟυΡΠಝ੓ͳϠώ΢ϩʀϧ΢ϓ͹ൕӫΝ୵Ζʷʱʲชָ࿨૸ʳɿ
ࢀ୒࿪ࢢE ʰϠώ΢ϩʀϟυΡΠͶ͕͜Ζഓྂʷ/,1( ͹ғབ஌࿫͹ಝ௅ʷʱࢃԮ੕‫ن‬ฦʲೖຌ‫ޢ‬ഓྂන‫ݳ‬͹‫ݬ‬ཀྵͳঀ૮ʳ ౨‫ښ‬ʁ͚Θ͕͢ड़൝
‫ٸ‬቎༟ඔ ʰ/,1( Ν༽͏ͪғབ৖໚Ͷ͕͜Ζૻण৶ं͹‫ߨޢݶ‬ಊʷන‫ݳ‬͹୴͑‫ؽ‬೵ͳߑଆͶ஥໪͢ͱʱ੤ඎ९್ଠฦʲ‫ޢݶ‬ϟυΡΠͳೖຌ‫ޢ‬ਫ਼‫׈‬͹‫ڂݜ‬ʳ ୉ࡗʁ୉ࡗැཱི୉ָɿ
஦Ҭ޹஋ʀᢢ‫ڰ‬ਸ‫ي‬ʀ෯ీ‫ܛ‬ཀྵࢢʀ޴Ҭ༡धɿ ʰ/,1( Ͳ͹ೖຌ‫ޢ‬฾‫ޢ‬࿫ ं͖Δ͹༢͏Νඉ฾‫ޢ‬࿫ं ͺʹ͑இͮͱ͏Ζ͖ʁʰ࠸༢͏ʱΝ༢൅ͤΖགྷҾ ͳͨ͹ഐ‫ܢ‬Ͷ͍Ζқࣟʱʲࠅཱིࠅ‫ॶڂݜޢ‬࿨ॄʳ
ೖຌ‫ ָޢ‬ʲೖຌ‫ָޢ‬ʳʤʥ౨‫ښ‬ʁ໎࣑ॽӅɿೖຌ‫ ָޢ‬ʲೖຌ‫ָޢ‬ʳʤʥ౨‫ښ‬ʁ໎࣑ॽӅɿ ཚ߻࠺ਕ ʰαϪʀλϪʀΠϪ͹࢘༽ࣰସ͖Δଌ͓Ζଲ໚ճ࿫͹࿫͢͞ͳͻͳ‫ܠ‬ଵϟʖϩʀ/,1( ͹ʰ଩ͬ͞ͳͻʱ ʱʲೖຌ‫ͳޢ‬ೖຌชָʳ 
૱ແ঴  ʰྫ࿪‫ݫ‬೧൝৚ๅപॽʱKWWSVZZZVRXPXJRMSPDLQBFRQWHQWSGIʤʥ
ోᬔஎՄ ʰ‫ܠ‬ଵϟʖϩϟριʖζ͹஌࿫෾ੵ  ‫ש‬༢ͳғབ͹න‫ݳ‬ͶΓΖ‫ݗ‬౾ ʱ ʲ৏ӿ‫گ‬ү୉ָࠅ‫ڂݜޢ‬ʳ                    

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口頭発表
Lecture Sessions

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）᪥ᮏㄒࡢ㛫᥋ⓗ୙‶ㄯヰࡢ㛤ጞ㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿ๓⨨ࡁ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕホ౯ࠖ࡜ࠕṇᙜ໬ࠖ
Marina B. ASAD
❧࿨㤋኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩥᏛ◊✲⛉<Abstract>
This study focuses on "Indirect Complaint" interactions in Japanese everyday conversations andexamines how Japanese indirect complaints are initiated and what the complainer aims to convey.
The results indicate that the complaints are preceded by an evaluation of th e target, followed byjustifications, and not just by expressing emotions. This combination serves as a prelude to thenarrative of the complaint [“story prefaces” (Sacks, 1989)], capturing the listener's attention andpromoting conversation participation. This result suggests that t he complainer seeks to establish
a shared evaluation with their interlocutor about the target of the complaint during the escalationof the discourse.

࠙ ࢟ ࣮ ࣡ ࣮ ࢻ ࠚ㸸 㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࠊ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ᪥ ᖖ ఍ ヰ ࠊ ホ ౯ ࠊ ṇ ᙜ ໬ ࠊ ඹ ㏻ ᇶ ┙ ໬

1.

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
୙‶⾲᫂ࡢ⾜Ⅽࡣࠊ୙‶ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡜ᑐヰ┦ᡭࡀ୍⮴ࡍࡿ࠿ྰ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠕ┤᥋ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ (direct complaint)ࠖ࡜ࠕ 㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ (indirect complaint)ࠖࡢ ஧ ✀ 㢮 ࡟ ኱ูࡉࢀࡿࠋᚋ⪅ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ୙‶Ⓨヰ⪅ࡀࡑࡢሙ࡟࠸࡞࠸➨୕⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙‶ࡢឤ᝟ࢆᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡟⾲ฟࡍࡿ㝿ࡣࠊᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡟ྠㄪࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࠊ⮬ศࡢឤ᝟ࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚ඹឤࡋ࡚ ࡶ ࡽ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ (㔩 ⏣ , 2017) ࠋࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࠊ୙ ‶ ࢆ ⾲ ᫂ ࡍ ࡿ ཧ ୚ ⪅ ࡟ ࡜ ࡗ ࡚ ࡣ ࠊᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡟ྠㄪࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡓࡵ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ୙‶ࡢㄒࡾࢆᑟධࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࡀ኱ ࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊ㛫᥋ⓗ୙‶⾲᫂ࡢሙྜࡣࠊ୙‶ Ⓨヰ⪅ࡀ⮬㌟ࡢෆ㠃ࢆᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡟㢧ᅾ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ୙‶ࡢᑐヰ┦ᡭࡢ཯ᛂ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⬤ᙅ࡟࡞ࡾࠊ⪥ࢆഴࡅࡽࢀ⌮ゎࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᮇᚅࡀ⿬ษࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛യࡘࡁ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ
㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࠊ୙ ‶ Ⓨ ヰ ⪅ ⮬ ㌟ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ㈇ ࡢ ホ ౯㸦ࠕ ୙ ᖹ ᐙ ࠖࠕហ⑵ ࡗ ࡱ ࠸ ே ࠖ࡞ ࡝ 㸧ࡀ ႏ ㉳ ࡍ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡶ ࠶ ࡿ (Edwards, 2005)ࠋࡑ ࢀ ࡟ ࠊ㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ࡢᑐヰ┦ᡭࡣࠊ୙‶ Ⓨヰ⪅ࡢಶேⓗ࡞࠸ࡋぶᐦ࡞ഃ㠃࡟㛵ࢃࡿάື࡟㛵୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
ᮃࡲ࡞࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㛫᥋ⓗ୙‶⾲᫂࡟࠾࠸࡚ᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ

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日本語の間接的不満談話の開始部における前置きとしての「評価」と「正当化」

࠼ ࡿ ࠿ ࡝ ࠺ ࠿ ࡣ ୙ ‶ Ⓨ ヰ ⪅ ࡟ ࡜ ࡗ ࡚ ᣮ ᡓ ⓗ ࡞ ㄢ 㢟 ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ࠋࠕ ཧ ຍ ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ ࡽ ࠼ ࡿ ࠿ ࡝ ࠺࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡟⪺ࡁ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ ࡗ࡚ྠㄪࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ୺࡟᪥ᮏㄒ᪥ᖖ఍ヰ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ ࠕ㛫᥋ⓗ୙‶⾲᫂ ࠖ࡟╔┠ࡋࠊ㞧ㄯࡢ୰࡛ࡑࡢሙ࡟࠸࡞࠸➨୕⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙‶ࢆㄒࡾጞࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ⪅ࡣࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟୙‶ࡢㄒࡾࢆ㛤ጞࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠊཪࡑࡢ㛤ጞࡢ௙᪉࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ ᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚
ఱࢆᚿྥࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ2.

ࠕ㛫᥋ⓗ୙‶⾲᫂ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲2.1.ࠕ 㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࠖ ࡢ ᐃ ⩏ ࡜ ᵓ ᡂ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ せ ⣲ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࠕ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࠖࡣ ࠊ୙ ‶ ࡢ ࢱ ࣮ ࢤ ࢵ ࢺ ࡀ ┤ ᥋ ࡢ ᑐ ヰ ┦ ᡭ ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠕ┤᥋ⓗ୙‶⾲᫂ࠖ࡜ࠊࡑࡢሙ࡟࠸࡞࠸➨୕⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙‶ࢆ ࠊ୙‶ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊࡲࡓࡣ୙‶ࢆゎᾘࡍࡿ㈐௵ࡀ࡞࠸ᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡟ྥࡅࡿࠕ㛫᥋ⓗ୙‶⾲᫂ࠖࡢ
2 ✀ 㢮 ࡟ ศ 㢮 ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋࡇ ࡢ ᫬ ࠊࠕ ┤ ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࠖࢆ ࠊᑐ ヰ ┦ ᡭ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᘬ ࡁ ㉳ ࡇࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ዲ ࡲ ࡋ ࡃ ࡞ ࠸ ≧ ἣ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ཯ ᛂ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ (ᮤ , 2006) ࡜ ྠ ᫬ ࡟ ࠊ┦ ᡭ ࡟ ㅰ ⨥ ࠊ㈐ ௵ᢎ ㄆ ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ ᨵ ၿ ࡞ ࡝ ࢆ ᮇ ᚅ ࡍ ࡿ ゝ ㄒ ⾜ Ⅽ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᤊ ࠼ ࡿ ࠋࡑ ࢀ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࠊࠕ㛫᥋ⓗ୙‶⾲᫂ࠖࢆࠊᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸஦ែ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ⴣࡃࡇ࡜࡛ ࠊ┦ᡭ࡟ྠㄪࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ ࠊ⮬ศࡢ≧ἣࡸẼᣢ ࡕ ࢆ ⌮ ゎ ࡋ ඹ ឤ ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ ࡽ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ⾜ Ⅽ  (㔩 ⏣ , 2017) ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᤊ ࠼ ࡿ ࠋࡑ ࡋ ࡚ ࠊࠕ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࠖ ࢆ ᵓ ᡂ ࡍ ࡿ せ ⣲ ࡟ ࡣ ࠊ ୙ ‶ ࢆ ゝ ࠺ ഃ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠕ ୙ ‶ Ⓨ ヰ ⪅ (complainer)ࠖ
࡜ ࠊ୙ ‶ ࢆ ⫈ ࡃ ഃ ࡢࠕ ୙ ‶ ࡢ ᑐ ヰ ┦ ᡭ (complaint recipient)ࠖ࡜ ࠊ୙ ‶ ࡢ ⌮ ⏤ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ᮃ ࡲࡋ ࡃ ࡞ ࠸ ≧ ἣ ࡢࠕ ୙ ‶ ஦ ែ (complainable matter)ࠖ࡜ ࠊࡑ ࡢ ୙ ‶ ஦ ែ ࢆ ᘬ ࡁ ㉳ ࡇ ࡋ ࡓ ㈐௵ ࡢ ࠶ ࡿ ഃ ࡢࠕ ୙ ‶ ࡢ ࢱ ࣮ ࢤ ࢵ ࢺ (complaint target)ࠖ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ 4 ࡘ ࡢ せ ⣲ ࡀ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୙‶⾲᫂ࡢせ⣲ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓୖ࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㛫᥋ⓗ୙‶⾲᫂ࠖࢆࠕ୙‶Ⓨヰ⪅ࡀᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡟⾲᫂ࡍࡿ ࠊ࠶ࡿࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺཪࡣ࠶ࡿ୙‶஦ែ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⮬㌟ࡢྰᐃ
ⓗࢫࢱࣥࢫ࣭ྰᐃⓗホ౯ࡢゝㄒ⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࠋ 㛫᥋ⓗ୙‶⾲᫂ࡢᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ┠ⓗࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ୍ࡘࡢ᪉ἲࡣࠊヰࡋᡭ⮬ ㌟ࡀ୙‶ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ ྰ ᐃ ⓗ ࡞ ࢫ ࢱ ࣥ ࢫ ࢆ ᣢ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࡜ Edwards (2005)࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ㏙ ࡭ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࡣ୙ ‶ㄯヰࡢᑟධẁ㝵࡛ᐃᮇⓗ࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
2.2.ࠕ 㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࠖ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ඛ ⾜ ◊ ✲ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢࠕ 㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࠖࡢ ┦ ஫ ⾜ Ⅽ ࢆ ᢅ ࡗ ࡓ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊࠕ 㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࠖࡢㄒ ࡾ ࡀ ࠊ “Troubles-talk”(Jefferson, 1988; Roulston, 2000) ࡜ “Complaint Narratives”(Drew & Holt, 1988) ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ஧ ࡘ ࡢ ⏝ ㄒ ࡟ ศ ࠿ ࢀ ࡚ ౑ ⏝ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ ࠋ ୧ ⪅ ࡢ 㐪 ࠸ ࡣ ࠊ−19−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）“Troubles-talk” ࡣ ࠊ ୙ ‶ Ⓨ ヰ ⪅ ࡀ ⮬ ㌟ ࡢ ᝎ ࡳ ஦ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㄒ ࡿ ᫬ ࡟ ౑ ⏝ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊ“Complaint Narratives”ࡣ ࠊ ୙ ฼ ࡞ ❧ ሙ ࢆ ッ ࠼ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ (㔩 ⏣ , 2017) ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ྠ ᫬ ࡟ ࠊ ≉ᐃ ࡢ ᑐ ㇟ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ୙ ‶ ឤ ᝟ ࡢ ⾲ ฟ (Drew & Holt, 1988) ࡛ ࡶ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊ 㐨 ᚨ ⓗ ࡞ ព ࿡ ྜ ࠸ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ ㄒ ࡾ (Edwards, 2005) ࡛ ࡶ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࠕ 㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࠖࡣ “Complaint Narratives” ࡟ ┦ ᙜ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋ௨ ୗ ࡟ ࡣ ࠊࠕ 㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࠖ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ୺࡞▱ぢࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠺ព⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゎㄝࡍࡿࠋ
Drew & Walker (2009) ཬ ࡧ Traverso (2009) ࡛ ࡣ ࠊࠕ 㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࠖ ࡢ ┦ ஫ ⾜ Ⅽ ࡣ࠸࠿࡟ືⓗ࡛ࠊ༠ㄪⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡓࠋ ලయⓗ࡟ゝ࠺࡜ࠊ᭱ึࡣ
୙‶Ⓨヰ⪅ࡀ୙‶ࢆᬯ♧ࡍࡿࡀࠊᑐヰ┦ᡭࡀඹឤⓗ࡞཯ᛂࢆ♧ࡍ࡜ࠊ୙‶ࢆ᫂♧ⓗ࡟㏙ ࡭ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ ࠊ Drew & Walker (2009) ࡛ ࡣ ୙ ‶ ࡢ ᑐ ヰ ┦ ᡭ ࡣ ࠊ ୙ ‶ Ⓨヰ⪅⮬㌟ࡀࡑࡇࡲ࡛➨୕⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠾࠺࡜ࡋ࡞࠸୙‶ࢆࠊࡋࡤࡋࡤᚲせ௨ୖ࡟᫂☜࡟ ⾲ ᫂ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ほ ᐹ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋࡑ ࡋ ࡚ ࠊTraverso (2009) ࡛ ࡣ ࠊࠕ 㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࠖࡣ ࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ෇⁥࡟⾜ࢃࡿ࡜ࡣ㝈ࡽࡎࠊࡋࡤࡋࡤហ⑵ෆᐜࡢ஦ᐇ ㄆᐃࡀྰᐃࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶᏑᅾࡋࠊࡇࡢ᫬ࠊᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡟஺΅ࡋࡓࡾࠊࡲࡓࡣヰ㢟ኚ᭦ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ୺ ᙇ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋࡑ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊࠕ 㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࠖࡢ ┦ ஫ ⾜ Ⅽ ࡣ ↓ ⛛ ᗎ ࡞ ⾜ Ⅽ ࡔ ࡜ ㏙ ࡭࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋࡲ ࡓ ࠊRuusuvuori et al. (2019) ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊᴗ ⦼ ホ ౯ 㠃 ᥋ ࡢ ไ ᗘ ⓗ ሙ 㠃 ࡟ ╔ ┠ ࡋ࡚㛫᥋ⓗ୙‶ㄯヰࡢ㛤ጞ㒊ࢆศᯒࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ୙‶⾲᫂ࡢᐇ᪋ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡣࠊୖྖࡢࢱࢫ
ࢡ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓ ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣࠊ୙‶ㄯヰ࡬ࡢᑐヰ┦ᡭࡢཧຍࡣࠊ఍ヰཧ୚⪅ࡢ♫఍ⓗ࡞ᙺ๭ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧཧຍࡉࢀࡿ♫఍ⓗ࡞άື࡟࠾ࡅࡿᙺ๭࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ኱ ࡁ ࡃ ᙳ 㡪 ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ࡯ ࠿ ࡟ ࠊRuusuvuori & Lindfors (2009)࡛
ࡣࠊ་⒪ሙ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿඛ⾜་ᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᝈ⪅ࡢ୙‶⾲᫂ࡣࠊデᐹ᫬ࡢၥ㢟ᥦ♧ࡸࠊཷデࡢṇᙜᛶ࡞࡝࡜࠸࠺୺せ࡞ไᗘⓗࢱࢫࢡࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿᡭẁ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ௨ ୖ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࠊᚑ ᮶ ◊ ✲ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ᵝ ࠎ ࡞ ࢥ ࣥ ࢸ ࢡ ࢫ ࢺ ࡛ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿࠕ 㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱ぢࡀぢ ࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㛫᥋ⓗ୙‶⾲᫂ࠖࡢࢥࣥࢸ ࢡࢫࢺࡣࠊ㞧 ㄯ ࡢ ࡸ ࡾ ྲྀ ࡾ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ≀ ㄒ ࡢ ᙧ ࢆ ྲྀ ࡗ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ࠋ ≀ ㄒ ࡜ ࡣ ࠊ ୵ ⏣ ௚ (2017) ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊேࡀ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡸぢ⪺ࡁࡋࡓฟ᮶஦ࡀࠊ᫬⣔ิ࡟ㄒࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊฟ᮶஦ࡢㄒࡽࢀࡿ㡰ᗎࡣฟ᮶஦ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ᫬㛫࡟ἢࡗࡓ㡰␒࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㡰␒ ࡀ ๓ ᚋ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ ሙ ྜ ࡶ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ࡶ ୵ ⏣ ௚ (2017) ࡣ ᣦ ᦬ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊហ ⑵ ࢆ ࡇ ࡰ ࡋ ࡓ ࡾ ࠊ୙ホࢆ㏙࡭ࡓࡾ࡜࠸ࡗࡓሙ㠃࡛≀ㄒࡢ㡰␒ࡀ๓ᚋࡍࡿሙྜ࡛ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞せ⣲ࡀඃඛⓗ࡟Ⓨヰࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡲࡓࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㠀᫬⣔ิⓗ࡞⤌⧊໬ࡀఱࢆᚿྥࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࡣ౫↛࡜

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日本語の間接的不満談話の開始部における前置きとしての「評価」と「正当化」

ࡋ࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊᮏ◊✲ ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢⅬࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ

3.

ศᯒᡭἲ
ศᯒࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒẕㄒヰ⪅ࡢ᪥ᖖ఍ヰࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ཰㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠗ᪥ᮏㄒ᪥ᖖ ఍ ヰ ࢥ ࣮ ࣃ ࢫ ࠘ (ᑠ ☾ ௚ , 2022) ࠿ ࡽ 㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ㄯ ヰ 5 ౛ ࢆ ᢳ ฟ ࡋ ࠊ୙ ‶ ㄯ ヰ ࡢ 㛤 ጞ㒊ࡢศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࢥ࣮ࣃࢫ୰ࡢࠕ㛫᥋ⓗ୙‶⾲᫂ࠖࡢ఍ヰࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ᝟ሗࢆ௨ୗࡢ⾲1 ࡟♧ࡍࠋ
න 1ʁ ʲ ೖ ຌ ‫ ޢ‬ೖ ৙ ճ ࿫ α ʖ Ϗ η ʳ Ͷ ͕ ͜ Ζ ʰ ؔ ં ં ద ෈ ຮ න ໎ ʱ ͹ ճ ࿫ υ ʖ ν ͹ ৚ ๅ
օ K001-011 Ԅ ௗ ઎ ਫ਼ Ͷ ଲ ͤ Ζ ෈ ຮ         ֆ C002-016 Ө ‫ ۂ‬৮ ͹ ਕ ΃ ͹ ෈ ຮ

 (00:17:46-00:21:27)

       (00:17:32-00:18:33)

և C002-016 ଋ ࢢ ͹ พ Η ͪ ൶ ঃ ΃ ͹ ෈ ຮ         (00:41:09-00:43:27)

ֈ K003-006 ઎ ਫ਼ ΃ ͹ ෈ ຮ             ։ C002-013a ෳ ࢳ ࢬ અ Ͷ ͏ Ζ ฾ Ν ๜ ໲ ͢ ෗ ͹ ๜ ໲ Ν ‫ ש‬༢ 

(00:16:29-00:18:52)(00:03:23-00:07:36)୙‶ㄯヰࡢ㛤ጞ㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿ఍ヰཧ୚⪅㛫ࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆศᯒࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ
࡚ࠊ఍ヰཧ୚⪅཮᪉ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ⓨヰࢱ࢖ࣉࢆ ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࢆศ㢮ࡋࠊࡑࡢⓎヰ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚఍ヰཧ୚⪅ࡀᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ఱࢆᚿྥ ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ୙‶Ⓨヰ ⪅ 㸦 ௨ ୗ ࡢ ஦ ౛ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ఍ ヰ ཧ ୚ ⪅ A㸧 ࡣ ࠊ ᇶ ᮏ ⓗ ࡟ 3 ẁ 㝵 ࡛ ୙ ‶ ㄯ ヰ ࢆ ᑟ ධ ࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ 3 ẁ㝵ࡣࠊձࡲࡎᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡜ඹྠὀពࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟୙ ‶ ࡢ ࢱ ࣮ ࢤ ࢵ ࢺ ࢆ ᣦ ᦬ ࡋ ࡓ ┤ ᚋ ࡟ ࠊղ ࡑ ࡢ ୙ ‶ ࡢ ࢱ ࣮ ࢤ ࢵ ࢺ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ྰ ᐃ ⓗࠕ ホ ౯ ࠖࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠿ࡽࠊճࡑࡢホ౯ࢆࠕṇᙜ໬ࠖࡍࡿせᅉࢆ⾲♧ࡍࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ
ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊḟ❶࡟࠾࠸࡚ヲ⣽࡟ゎㄝࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺ࠕホ౯ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣࠊ୙‶ࢆ⾲᫂ࡍࡿ⪅ࡀ⮬㌟࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸࡜
ุ᩿ࡋࡓ஦ែ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⮬㌟ࡢぢゎࢆ㏙࡭ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕṇᙜ໬ࠖࡣࠊ࠶ࡿゝືࢆ⾜࠺㝿࡟ࠊࡑࡢ ゝືࡀṇࡋ࠸࡜ド᫂ࡍࡿ⌮⏤ࡸ᰿ᣐࢆ♧ࡋࡘ ࡘ ࡑ ࡢ ゝ ື ࢆ ྜ ⌮ ⓗ ࡟ ㄝ ᫂ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ᣦ ࡍ ࠋ Pomerantz (1986) ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ࡜ ࠊ ୙ ‶ ㄯ ヰ࡟࠾ࡅࡿṇᙜ໬ࡢලయⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ ୙‶ࡢฟ᮶஦ࡸࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ᭷ᐖ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚
ᥥ෗ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽ ࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞୙‶≧ἣࡢᥥ෗⮬యࡀࠊࡋࡤࡋࡤᴟ➃࡞ゝㄒᙧᘧ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࠊ୙‶⾲᫂ࡢṇᙜᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢᡭἲࡀ᭷ຠ࡛
࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿⅬ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊօᑐヰ┦ᡭࡢ㠀ྠㄪⓗ࡞཯ᛂࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࠿ࡽᏲࡿࡇ࡜ࠊֆ୙ ‶ ஦ ែ ࡢ ཎ ᅉ ࢆ ゎ ᫂ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࠊև ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࡑ ࡢ ࡶ ࡢ ࢆ ṇ ᙜ ໬ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ (ibid.:227)ࠊ࡜

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日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

࠸࠺ 3 Ⅼࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ௨ୖࡢ୙‶⾲᫂࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕホ౯ࠖ࡜ࠕṇᙜ໬ࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿぢゎ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚㆟ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠋ4.

ศ ᯒ ⤖ ᯝ :ࠕ 㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࠖ ࡢ 㛤 ጞ 㒊 ࡢ ᵓ 㐀஦ ౛ (1)ࡣ ࠊ ぶ ᡉ 㛵 ಀ ࡟ ࠶ ࡿ ஧ ே ࡢ ዪ ᛶ ࡢ 㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ㄯ ヰ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ఍ ヰ ཧ ୚ ⪅ A ࡣ ࠊᑐ ヰ ┦ ᡭ B ࡟ ࠊࡑ ࡢ ሙ ࡟ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ ඖ ⫋ ሙ ࡢ ᅬ 㛗 ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ୙ ‶ ࡢ ㄒ ࡾ ࢆ 㛤 ጞ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋࡇ ࡢ ஦౛ ࡢ ఍ ヰ ཧ ୚ ⪅ A ࡢ ⤒ 㦂 ㄒ ࡾ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊ୙ ‶ ㄯ ヰ ࡀ ࡝ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ 㛤 ጞ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡢ ࠿ ࢆ ศ ᯒࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛤ጞࡢ≉ᚩࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ୙ ‶ Ⓨ ヰ ⪅ A ࡣ ࠊ୙ ‶ ࡢ ࢱ ࣮ ࢤ ࢵ ࢺ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ୙ ‶ ࢆ ㄒ ࡾ ጞ ࡵ ࡿ 㝿 ࡣ ࠊࡑ ࡢ ୙ ‶ ࡢ ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ ᑐヰ┦ᡭࡢὀ┠ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿᡓ␎࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡎࡑࡢ୙‶ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ே ≀ ࡢ ໅ ົ ඛ ࡟ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ᑟ ධ ࡍ ࡿ [1]ࠋࡑ ࢀ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ᑐ ヰ ┦ ᡭ ࡜ ඹ ᭷ ὀ ព ࡀᚓ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ [7, 9]┤ ᚋ ࡟ ࠊ ࡑ ࡢ ୙ ‶ ࡢ ࢱ ࣮ ࢤ ࢵ ࢺ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ⮬ ศ ࡢ ྰ ᐃ ⓗ ࡞ ࠕ ホ ౯ ࠖ [10]ࢆ
♧ ࡍ ࠋࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࠊࠕ ホ ౯ ࠖࡢ Ⓨ ヰ ࡢ ཯ ᛂ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠊᑐ ヰ ┦ ᡭ ࡀ 㢔 ࠸ ࡓ ࡾ ࠊ┦ ᵔ ࢆ ᡴ ࡗ ࡓ ࡾ ࡍࡿࡢࡳ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡿࡓࡵࠊᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡟୙‶ࡢㄒࡾ࡟㛵୚ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣࡲࡔ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ୙‶Ⓨヰ⪅ࡀ๓ࡢⓎヰ࡛♧ࡋࡓ ྰᐃⓗ࡞ࠕホ౯ࠖࢆṇᙜ໬ࡍࡿ Ⓨ ヰ ࢆ 㐃 ⥆ ࡋ ࡚ ⾲ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ [12, 15]ࠋ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࡢ ࡣ ࠊ A ࡣ ࠊ ඖ ⫋ ሙ ࡬ ࡢ ゼ ၥ ࡀ ࠊࠕ ࡍ ࡈ ࠸ࡶ ࠺ ࡔ ࡵ ࡔ ࡜ ᛮ ࡗ ࡚ ࠖ [10] ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ホ ౯ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ ᚋ ࠊ ࡑ ࡢ ホ ౯ ࡢ ⫼ ᬒ ࡟ ࠶ ࡿ ᅬ 㛗 ࡢ ࢘ ࢙−22−日本語の間接的不満談話の開始部における前置きとしての「評価」と「正当化」

࣒ࣝ࢝ࡌࡷ࡞࠸⾜ືࡀࡑࡢホ౯ࡢཎᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺▱㆑ࢆ B ࡜ඹ᭷ࡋ⮬㌟ࡢ୙‶ࢆṇᙜ ໬ ࡍ ࡿ ࠿ ࡽ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋࡇ ࡇ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊࠕ ṇ ᙜ ໬ ࠖࡢ Ⓨ ヰ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࠊᑐ ヰ ┦ ᡭ ࡢ ༑ศ ࡞ ⌮ ゎ ࢆ ᚓ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࠊ ᑐ ヰ ┦ ᡭ ࡟ ࠕ ࢃ ࠖ [18]࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ 㦫 ࡁ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ཯ ᛂ ࢆ ㏉ ࡉ ࢀࡓ ࠋ⥆ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊ୙ ‶ Ⓨ ヰ ⪅ A ࡣ ࠊ19 ⾜ ┠ ࡛ ୙ ‶ ࡢ ࢱ ࣮ ࢤ ࢵ ࢺ ࡟ 㛵 ࡋ ࡚ࠕ බ ❧ ࡢ ᅬ 㛗 ඛ ⏕ࡔ ࡗ ࡓ ࠖ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ᝟ ሗ ࡶ ㏣ ຍ ࡋ ࠊ⮬ ㌟ ࡢ ୙ ‶ ࢆ ṇ ᙜ ໬ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࠊB ࡟ࠕ ࡞ ࡢ ࡟ 㸽 ࠖ[20]࡜ ࠊ ࡇ ࡢ ᫬ ࡶ 㦫 ࡁ ࡢ ཯ ᛂ ࡀ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋ ࡇ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ࠊ ᑐ ヰ ┦ ᡭ B ࡀ ୙ ‶ ࡢࢱ ࣮ ࢤ ࢵ ࢺ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ A ࡢ ࠕ ホ ౯ ࠖ ࡜ ࡑ ࡢ ホ ౯ ࡢࠕ ṇ ᙜ ໬ ࠖ ࢆ ༑ ศ ࡟ ⌮ ゎ ࡋ ࠊ A ࡜ ඹ ㏻
ࡋࡓホ౯ࢆᣢࡕ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊḟ࡟ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿ㛫᥋ⓗ୙‶ㄯヰ࡬ࡢཧຍࢆᕼᮃࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࢆᮇᚅࡉࡏࡿࠋ௨ ୖ ࡢ ஦ ౛ (1)ࡢ ศ ᯒ ⤖ ᯝ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊ㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࡢ ㄒ ࡾ ᡭ ࡀ ౑ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ࠊ㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕホ౯ࠖ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟⥆ࡃࠕṇᙜ໬ࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ⓨヰ㐃㙐ࡣࠊ୙‶ࡢ≀ㄒࢆ ண ♧ ࡍ ࡿ ാ ࡁ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ ࠕ ≀ ㄒ ࡢ ๓ ⨨ ࡁ (story preface)ࠖ(Sacks, 1989)࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ౑ ⏝ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ 㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ㄯ ヰ ࡢ 㛤 ጞ 㒊 ࡢ Ⓨ ヰ 㐃 㙐 ࡣ ࠊ஦ ౛ (4)࡜ (5)࡟ ࠾ ࠸
࡚ࡶඹ㏻ࡋ࡚ぢࡽࢀࡓ ࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢ⌧ᐇࡢ᪥ᖖ఍ヰ࡟࠾࠸࡚ཧ୚
⪅ࡢ཮᪉ࡀ஫࠸࡟ணᐃࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ୙‶⾜Ⅽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓሙྜࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ࠊࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ࡢ ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ⊂ ≉ ࡞ ≧ ἣ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ ࠊ⊂ ≉ ࡞ 㛤 ጞ ᪉ ἲ ࡀ ほ ᐹ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋᚑࡗ࡚ࠊ୙‶ㄯヰࡢ㛤ጞ㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ୙‶ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕホ౯ࠖࡔࡅࡀ♧ࡉࢀࠊࠕ ṇ ᙜ ໬ ࠖࡀ 㐜 ࢀ ࡓ ሙ ྜ㹙 ஦ ౛ (2), (3)ࡢ ሙ ྜ 㹛ࠊఱ ࡀ ㉳ ࡇ ࡿ ࡢ ࠿ ࡶ ศ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋḟ ࡢ ஦ ౛ (3)ࡢ ఍ ヰ ཧ ୚ ⪅ ࡣ ࠊጜ ጒ ྠ ኈ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊ஧ ே ࡜ ࡶ ୙ ‶ ࡢ ࢱ ࣮ ࢤ ࢵ ࢺ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ AࡢᜥᏊࡢᜊேࡢࡇ࡜ࢆඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ఍ヰཧ୚⪅ A ࡣࠊ1 ⾜┠࡛ᜥᏊࡀᜊே࡜ูࢀࡓ
ࡇ࡜ࢆᑐヰ┦ᡭ B ࡟ሗ࿌ࡋࡓᚋࠊ4 ⾜┠࡛ࠕⰋ࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜㏙࡭ࠊูࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ᝒࡋ࠸
ࡣࡎࡢヰ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ホ౯ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᜥᏊࡢඖᜊே࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙‶ࢆᬯ♧ࡍࡿࡀ ࠊࡑ ࡢ ┤ ᚋ ࡟ ࡑ ࡢ ホ ౯ ࢆ ṇ ᙜ ໬ ࡋ ࡞ ࠸ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊᑐ ヰ ┦ ᡭ B ࡣ ࡑ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ A ࡢ ព እ ࡞ ホ ౯࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ᑐ ❧ ࡋ ࡓ ホ ౯ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ [8]ࠊ13 ⾜ ┠ ࡛ ⮬ ㌟ ࡢ ᑐ ❧ ࡋ ࡓ ホ ౯ ࢆ ṇ ᙜ ໬ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋࡑ ࢀ ࡟ᑐ ࡋ ࠊ ୙ ‶ Ⓨ ヰ ⪅ A ࡣ 11 ⾜ ┠ ࡛ ⮬ ㌟ ࡢ ᙜ ึ ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ ホ ౯ ࢆ ᙉ ㄪ ࡋ ࠊ 15 ⾜ ┠ ࡛ ࡼ ࠺ ࡸ ࡃ⮬ ㌟ ࡢ ホ ౯ ࢆ ṇ ᙜ ໬ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋࡇ ࠺ ࡋ ࡓ 8-16 ⾜ ┠ ࡢ Ⓨ ヰ 㐃 㙐 ࡣ ࠊA ࡢ ᜥ Ꮚࡀ ᜊ ே ࡜ ู ࢀ ࡓ ヰ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿࠕ ホ ౯ ࠖࢆ ࡵ ࡄ ࡿ ஺ ΅ ࡢ Ⓨ ヰ 㐃 㙐 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ୙ ‶ Ⓨ ヰ ⪅ A ࡣ ࠊ
15 ⾜ ┠ ࡛ ୙ ‶ ࡢ ࢱ ࣮ ࢤ ࢵ ࢺ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ⮬ ㌟ ࡢ ྰ ᐃ ⓗ ホ ౯ ࡢ ṇ ᙜ ໬ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࡜ ࠊ17 ⾜ ┠ ࡛ B࡟㢔ࡁ࡛⌮ゎࢆ♧ࡉࢀࠊA ࡶ㢔ࡁ࡛཯ᛂࡋࠊ஫࠸࡟㢔ࡁྜࡗࡓ▐㛫࡛ඹ㏻ࡢ⌮ゎࡀ㐩ᡂࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋࡲ ࡓ ࡑ ࡢ ᚋ ࠊ ᑐ ヰ ┦ ᡭ B ࡣ 18-23 ⾜ ┠ ࡲ ࡛ ୙ ‶ Ⓨ ヰ ⪅ ࡜ ඹ ㏻ ࡋ ࡓ ホ ౯ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࢚ ࣆ ࢯ࣮ ࢻ ࢆ ⮬ ࡽ ᥦ ♧ ࡋ ࠊ A ࡜ ᥦ ᦠ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ྜ ᅗ ࢆ ぢ ࡏ ࠊ 27 ⾜ ┠ ࡛ ඹ ㏻ ࡢ ⌮ ゎ ࢆ ぢ ࡏ ࡿ−23−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ࠕࡩ࣮ࢇࠖࡢ┦࡙ࡕࢆᡴࡘࡇ࡜ࡶぢࡽࢀ ࡓࠋࡇࡢ஦౛࡛ぢࡽࢀࡓホ౯ࢆᕠࡿ஺΅ࡢⓎヰ 㐃 㙐 [8-16]ࡢ ⌧ ㇟ ࡣ Traverso (2009) ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࠊ“Negotiations for the initiationof (complaint) activity” (p.2398) ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᤊ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ௨ ୖ ࡢ ஦ ౛ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊ ୙ ‶ ㄯ ヰ ࡢ 㛤 ጞ 㒊 ࡛ ࡣ ࠊࠕ ホ ౯ ࠖ ࡔ ࡅ ࡀ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࠊࠕ ṇ ᙜ ໬ ࠖ ࡀ 㐜 ࢀࡓሙྜࠊ఍ヰཧ୚⪅㛫࡛ࠕホ౯ࠖࢆࡵࡄࡿ஺΅ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓ ࠋࡑࡢࡓ ࡵ ࠊ㛫 ᥋ ⓗ ୙ ‶ ㄯ ヰ ࢆ ᑟ ධ ࡍ ࡿ 㝿 ࡟ ࡣ ࠊࠕ ホ ౯ ࠖ࡜ࠕ ṇ ᙜ ໬ ࠖ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ 2 ࡘ ࡢ せ ⣲ ࢆ ే⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ ࡿࠋ

5.

ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡜⪃ᐹ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ୺࡟᪥ᮏㄒࡢ᪥ᖖ఍ヰ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ㛫᥋ⓗ୙‶⾲᫂ࠖ࡟╔┠ࡋࠊ ୙‶ㄯヰࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛤ጞࡉࢀࠊᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡟ఱࢆᚿྥࡍࡿࡢ࠿ ࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ᪥ᮏ ㄒ ࡢ 㛫 ᥋ ୙ ‶ ㄯ ヰ ࡣ ࠊ Wyrwas (2002) ࡛ ♧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࠊ ༢ ࡞ ࡿ ୙ ‶ Ⓨ ヰ ⪅ ࡢ ឤ ᝟⾲ ᫂ ࡛ 㛤 ጞ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ ࠊ୙ ‶ ࡢ ࢱ ࣮ ࢤ ࢵ ࢺ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿࠕ ホ ౯ ࡛ࠖ ጞ ࡲ ࡾ ࠊࠕṇᙜ໬ࠖࡢⓎヰࡀ㐃⥆ࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿ ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୙‶ㄯヰࡢ㛤ጞࡢ௙᪉࡟ࡼࡗ࡚

−24−

日本語の間接的不満談話の開始部における前置きとしての「評価」と「正当化」

ࡣࠊᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡟㦫ࡁࡸ⌮ゎࡢ཯ᛂ ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࠊḟ࡟ᒎ㛤ࡍࡿ୙‶ㄯヰ࡬ཧຍࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ㛫᥋ⓗ୙‶ࡢࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕホ౯ࠖ࡜ࠕṇᙜ໬ࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ⓨヰ㐃㙐ࡣࠊ୙‶ࡢ≀ㄒࢆண♧ࡍࡿࠕ๓⨨ࡁࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᑐヰ┦ᡭ ࡜ ṇ ᙜ ࡞ ᝟ ሗ ࢆ ඹ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ ඛ ࡟ ࠊ୙ ‶ ㄯ ヰ ࡢ 㛤 ጞ 㒊 ࡟ࠕ ホ ౯ ࠖࡀ ⾲ ᫂ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊ୙‶Ⓨヰ⪅ࡀ୙‶ㄯヰࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ୰࡛ᑐヰ┦ᡭ࡜ඹ㏻ࡢホ౯ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࠊᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡣ ࠊ࠶ ࡃ ࡲ ࡛ ࡶ ୙ ‶ ㄯ ヰ ࡢ 㛤 ጞ 㒊 ࡟ ↔ Ⅼ ࢆ ᙜ ࡚ ศ ᯒ ࡋ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊࡑࡢᚋࡢ୙‶ㄯヰࡢᒎ㛤࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ ࠊ఍ヰཧ୚⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ౑⏝ࡉࢀ ࠊ ࡝ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ඹ ㏻ ᇶ ┙ ໬ (Clark, 1996) ࡀ 㐩 ᡂ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡢ ࠿ ࡣ ౫ ↛ ༑ ศ ࡟ ほ ᐹ ࡛ ࡁ ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᖖ఍ヰࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᩘࢆᣑ኱ ࡋࠊ୙‶ㄯヰࡢ୰ᚰ㒊࡜⤊⤖㒊ࡢⓎヰ㐃㙐ࢆศᯒࡋࠊ఍ヰཧ୚⪅㛫࡛ࡢඹ㏻ᇶ┙໬ ࡀ୙‶ㄯヰࡢᵓᡂ࡟࡝
ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ ࡿࠋཧ↷ᩥ⊩
Clark, H. H. 1996. Using Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Drew, P. & Holt, E. 1988. “Complainable matters: The use of idiomatic expressions in making complaints. ”
Social Problems 35, 398-417.
Drew, P. & Walker, T. 2009. “Going too far: complaining, escalating and disaffiliation.” Journal of
Pragmatics 41, 2400-2414.
Edwards, D. 2005. “Moaning, whinging and laughing: The subjective side of complaints. ” Discourse
Studies 7(1), 5-29.
Jefferson, G. 1988. “On the sequential organization of troubles -talk in ordinary conversation. ” Social
problems 35(4), 418-441.
㔩 ⏣ ཭ 㔛 Ụ (2017). ࠗ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ఍ ヰ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ඹ ឤ ࡢ ௙ ⤌ ࡳ ̿ ⮬ ៏࣭ᝎ ࡳ࣭୙ ‶࣭ហ ⑵࣭ ⮬ ᕫ ༝ ୗ ࡢ ㅖ┦ ̿ ྡ ྂ ᒇ ኱ Ꮫ ኱ Ꮫ 㝔 ᅜ 㝿 ゝ ㄒ ᩥ ໬ ◊ ✲ ⛉ ࠘ࠊ ༤ ኈ Ꮫ ఩ ㄽ ᩥ ࠊ ᖹ ᡂ 29 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 㸬ᑠ☾ⰼ ⤮࣭ኳ㇂ ᬕ㤶࣭▼ᮏ ♸୍࣭ᒃ 㜝཭ 㔛Ꮚ࣭⮻⏣ Ὀዴ࣭᯽㔝 ࿴ె Ꮚ࣭ᕝ➃Ⰻ Ꮚ࣭⏣୰ ᘺ⏕࣭ఏ ᗣᬕ ࣭ す ᕝ ㈼ ဢ ࣭ Ώ 㑔 ཭ 㤶 . 2022. ࠕࠗ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ᪥ ᖖ ఍ ヰ ࢥ ࣮ ࣃ ࢫ ࠘ ࡢ タ ィ ࡜ ≉ ᚩ ࠖࠗ ゝ ㄒ ฎ ⌮ Ꮫ ఍➨ 28 ᅇ ᖺ ḟ ኱ ఍ Ⓨ ⾲ ㄽ ᩥ 㞟 ࠘ࠊ 2008-2012.
୵ ⏣ ⚽ ஓ ࣭ ᖹ ᮏ Ẏ ࣭ ᯘ ㄔ . 2017. ࠗ ఍ ヰ ศ ᯒ ධ 㛛 ࠘ ວ ⲡ ᭩ ᡣ .
Pomerantz, A. 1986. “Extreme case formulations: A way of legitimizing claims .” Human Studies 9, 219229.
ᮤ ၿ ጲ . 2006.ࠕ ᪥ 㡑 ࡢ ୙ ‶ ⾲ ᫂ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ୍ ⪃ ᐹ ̿ ᪥ ᮏ ே Ꮫ ⏕ ࡜ 㡑 ᅜ ே Ꮫ ⏕ ࢆ ẚ ㍑ ࡋ ࡚ ̿ ࠖࠗ ♫ ఍ ゝㄒ ⛉ Ꮫ ࠘ 8(2), 53-64.
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Text & Talk 20(3), 307-346.
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Research on Language and Social Interaction 52, 41-62.
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Journal of pragmatics 41, 2415-2434.
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Uniwersytetu ĝląskiego , Katowice 2002.

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日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）᪥ᮏᡭヰࡢᑐẚᵓᩥࠕ㸿ྰᐃ㹀ࠖࡢㄯヰᵓ㐀᭷ගዉ⨾㸦ᮾὒ኱Ꮫ㸧㧗ᔱ⏤ᕸᏊ㸦ᅜ❧㞀ᐖ⪅ࣜࣁࣅࣜࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢭࣥࢱ࣮◊✲ᡤ㸧ᩝ ぢ 㝧 Ꮚ 㸦 NPO ἲ ே ᡭ ヰ ᩍ ᖌ ࢭ ࣥ ࢱ ࣮ 㸧▮㔝⩚⾰Ꮚ㸦㛵すᏛ㝔኱Ꮫᡭヰゝㄒ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸧
<Abstract> This study classifies the usage s of the contrastive construction “ANEG B (which means ‘Not A, (but) B’ in English .)” These constructions arecharacteristic of Japanese Sign Language (JSL). Moreover, it points out thatelement A, which tends to be omitted in Japanese, is referred to with thisconstruction in JSL without being ignored. In Japan, NHK (Nippon Hoso Kyokai,
Japan Broadcasting Corporation) broadcasts the program Sign Language News

845, where deaf, native JSL signers translate Japanese manuscripts. The study
compared these news videos of JSL with the Japanese speech simultaneously
read. The results show the use of three negative markers: words translated as“different,” “not,” and one of the non-manuals (NM): “head shake.” This
construction has discourse condition s that convey information that, in contrast to
everyone’s shared assumption, it is B, not A. The results indicate the way
discourses are created between Japanese and JSL differs.

࣮࣮࠙࢟࣡ࢻࠚ㸸᪥ᮏᡭヰ࣭ᑐẚ࣭ྰᐃ࣭ㄯヰᵓ㐀࣭ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࣭㠀ᡭᣦせ⣲1. ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡟ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࡜ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ᵓ 㐀 ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ ᪥ ᮏ ᡭ ヰ (cf. ᮌ ᮧ ࣭ ᕷ ⏣ 1995, 2000) ≉᭷ ࡢ ᑐ ẚ ᵓ ᩥ ࠕ A ྰ ᐃ Bࠖ ࡢ ⏝ ἲ ࢆ ศ 㢮 ࡋ ࠊ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࡛ ࡣ ┬ ␎ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ せ ⣲ ࢆ ᪥ ᮏ ᡭヰ࡛ࡣ┬␎ࡏࡎ࡟ࡇࡢᵓᩥ࡛ゝཬࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ NHK ᡭ ヰ ࢽ ࣗ ࣮ ࢫ 845 ࡛ ᨺ ᫎ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࠊ ᪥ ᮏ ᡭ ヰ ࢆ ẕ ㄒ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ࢁ ࠺ ⪅ࡀ᪥ᮏㄒࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࢆ᪥ᮏᡭヰ࡟⩻ヂࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࠊྠ᫬࡟ㄞࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ 㡢ኌ᪥ᮏㄒࢆẚ㍑ࡋࠊࠕ㸿ྰᐃ㹀ࠖᵓᩥࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࡓࠋ

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日本手話の対比構文「Ａ否定Ｂ」の談話構造ᑐẚᵓᩥࠕ㸿ྰᐃ㹀࡛ࠖ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿྰᐃࡢ࣐࣮࣮࢝ࡣࠕ㐪࠺ࠖࠊࠕࡋ࡞࠸㸦ᤸࢆᕥྑ ࡟ ᣺ ࡿ 㸧ࠖࠊNM㸦 non-manualsࠊ㠀 ᡭ ᣦ せ ⣲ 㸧ࡢࠕ 㤳 ᣺ ࡾ ࠖࡢ 3 ࡘ ࡀ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ๓ ⪅㸰 ࡘ ࡢ ᡭ ᣦ ྰ ᐃ ㄒ ࡟ ࡣ NM ࡢ 㤳 ᣺ ࡾ ࡀ ඹ ㉳ ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ ඛ ⾜ ࡍ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡔ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ඛ ⾜ ◊ ✲ྰᐃࡢ࣐࣮࣮࢝

ᮏ◊✲ࡢ㔜せ࡞⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏᡭヰࡣ⊂❧ࡋࡓゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢㄒ㡰࡛ᡭᣦ༢ㄒࢆ୪࡭ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏᡭヰࡣࠊ┠࡛ぢࡿゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࠿ࡽ⊂❧ࡋࡓᩥἲࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᡭヰゝㄒ࡟ࡣࠊ㠀ᡭᣦせ⣲㸦௨ୗ
NM: Non-manuals㸧ࡀ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡋ ࠊ࿨ 㢟 ࡢ ᵓ 㐀 ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࡢ ࡟ 㔜 せ ࡞ ᙺ ๭ ࢆ ᯝ ࡓ ࡍ ࠋNM ࡟ ࡣ ࠊ㢌ࢆື࠿ࡍ㸦ᶓࠊ⦪㸧ࠊ┠ࢆぢ㛤ࡃࠊ㢡ࢆᘬࡃࠊ⫪ࢆࡍࡰࡵࡿ➼ࠊ࠸ࢁ࠸ࢁ࡞㢦 ࣭㢌ࡢືࡁࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
௨ୗ࡟ࠊ㠀ᡭᣦせ⣲ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾲ࡍᇶᮏ࡜࡞ࡿ ౛ᩥࢆᣲࡆࡿࠋ

(1) a. ᖹ ླྀ ᩥ᭷ -ග 㸦 㢔 ࡁ 㸧᭷ග࡛ࡍb. Yes/No ␲ ၥ ᩥ᭷ -ග 㸦 ┠ 㛤 ࡁ 㸧᭷ -ග ࡉ ࢇ ࡛ ࡍ ࠿ 㸽c. WH ␲ ၥ ᩥ᭷ -ග 㸦 ┠ 㛤 ࡁ ࠊ 㤳 ᣺ ࡾ 㸧᭷ගࡉࢇࡣ㹹࡝ࡇ㸭ఱࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿே㸭࡝ࢇ࡞ே㹻࡛ࡍ࠿㸽 ୖ グ ࡢ (1a)ࠊ(1b)ࠊ(1c) ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ᡭ ᣦ ༢ ㄒ ࡣ ྠ ࡌ ࡔ ࡀ ࠊ㢔 ࡁ ࠊ┠ 㛤 ࡁ ࠊ㤳᣺ ࡾ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ NM ࡢ ࡳ ࡀ ␗ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ 㡢 ኌ ゝ ㄒ ࡢ ㉸ ศ ⠇ ⓗ せ ⣲ 㸦 suprasegmental
feature㸧࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡢ ࢖ ࣥ ࢺ ࢿ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ࡟ ㏆ ࠸ ࡶ ࡢ ࡟ ぢ ࠼ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊᖹ ླྀ ᩥ ࡜ ␲ ၥ ᩥ ࡔ ࡅ ࡛ ࡞ࡃ ࠊᴟ ᛶ ␲ ၥ ᩥ ࡜ WH ␲ ၥ ᩥ ࡟ ศ ࡅ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ Ⅼ ࡛ ᝟ ሗ 㔞 ࡀ ከ ࠸ せ ⣲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋᡭ ᣦ ࡢ ࡳ ࡛⾲ ࡑ ࠺ ࡜ ࡍ ࢀ ࡤ ࠊ ࠕ ఱ ࠖ ࡸ ࠕ ࡝ ࡇ ࠖ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ᡭ ᣦ ༢ ㄒ ࡀ ᚲ せ ࡔ ࡀ ࠊ NM ࡔ ࡅ ࡛ ⾲ ࡏ ࡿ ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ ࡜␗࡞ࡿゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟୍ᑐ୍ᑐᛂ࡛ᡭᣦ༢ㄒࢆᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ
ࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥᡭẁ࡛࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ ࡢドᕥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣྰᐃ࡟╔┠ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㠀ᡭᣦせ⣲ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㤳᣺ࡾࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ
ᡭヰࡢሙྜࠊྰᐃࡢᡭᣦ༢ㄒ࡜ࠊ㤳᣺ࡾࡀඹ㉳ࡍࡿࠋ ᡭヰゝㄒࡢࢱ࢖࣏ࣟࢪ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚
ྰᐃ⾲⌧࡟ᡭᣦ༢ㄒ ࡜㠀ᡭᣦせ⣲ࡀ⩏ົⓗ࡟ඹ㉳ࡍࡿゝㄒ࡜ࠊ㠀ᡭᣦせ⣲ࡢࡳ࡛ྰᐃ

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日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ゝ ㄒ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸦 Zeshan 2006: 43㸧 ࠋ Morgan (2006) ࡢ グ ㏙ ࡟ ࡼ ࢀ ࡤ ࠊ ᪥ ᮏ ᡭヰࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟ᡭᣦせ⣲ࡀᚲせ࡞ゝㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ ᮏ ᡭ ヰ ࡢ ྰ ᐃ ⾲ ⌧ ࡟ 㛵 ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ࠊ ᕷ ⏣ (2005: 89-90) ࡣ ࠕ ᪥ ᮏ ᡭ ヰ ࡟ ࡣ ࠊ ᤸ ࢆ ᅇ ㌿ࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡦࡽࡦࡽࡉࡏࡿ㸺࡞࠸㸼࡜ࠊᤸࢆᕥྑ࡟᣺ࡿ㸺ࡋ࡞࠸㸼ࠊࡑࡋ࡚㸺㐪࠺㸼 ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ 㸱 ࡘ ࡢ ௦ ⾲ ⓗ ࡞ ྰ ᐃ ㄒ ࡀ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ ࠖ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ ࠊ Matsuoka (2016:1013) ࡣ ࠊ ྰ ᐃ ⾲ ⌧ ࡜ ࣔ ࢲ ࣜ ࢸ ࢕ ࡜ ࡢ 㛵 ಀ ࡟ ╔ ┠ ࡋ ࡚ ㄽ ࡌ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋᡭ ヰ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ྰ ᐃ ࡢ ࣐ ࣮ ࢝ ࣮ ࡟ ࡶ ࠊ ᡭ ᣦ ⾲ ⌧ ࡜ NM ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊ ௦ ⾲ ⓗ ࡞ ྰ ᐃ ⾲ ⌧ ࡢNM ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠊ ௨ ୗ ࡢ ⾲ ࡛ ᩚ ⌮ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋ

⾲ 1 ᪥ᮏᡭヰࡢྰᐃㄒ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟క࠺㠀ᡭᣦせ⣲ ྰᐃࡢ㠀ᡭᣦせ⣲࡟ࡣࠊ㤳᣺ࡾ࡜┱ᐤࡏࡀࡼࡃぢࡽࢀࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㤳᣺ࡾ࡟╔┠ࡍࡿ ࠋᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ᢅ ࠺ A ྰ ᐃ B ᵓ ᩥ ࡛ ࠊྰ ᐃ ࡢ 㒊 ศ ࡀ 㤳 ᣺ ࡾ ࡢ ࡳ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ ౛ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚㸦 2㸧
㸦 3㸧
ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

(2) ࡸ ࡿ 㸦 㤳 ᣺ ࡾ 㸧 ୙ せ m g ( p uh )㸦ࡑࢀࢆ㸧ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ࠊᚲせ࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ

(3) ࢥ ࣮ ࣄ ࣮ 㸦 㤳 ᣺ ࡾ 㸭 㢡 ࠶ ࡆ 㸧 ⣚ Ⲕ㸦ࡇࢀࡣ㸧ࢥ࣮ࣄ࣮࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⣚Ⲕ࡛ࡍࠋࡲ ࡓ ࠊ௨ ୗ ࡢ ศ ᯒ ࢆ ㏻ ࡋ ࡚ ࠊྰ ᐃ ࡢ ኱ ࡁ ࡞ ព ࿡ ࡣ NM ࡛ ࠊ⣽ ࠿ ࡃ ࡣ ᡭ ᣦ ࡛ ⾲ ⌧ ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋヲ⣽ࡣᚋࢁࡢࢭࢡࢩ࡛ࣙࣥㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ

−28−

日本手話の対比構文「Ａ否定Ｂ」の談話構造 ᩥἲ໬࡜ᑐẚᵓᩥࠕ㸿ྰᐃ㹀ࠖ᪥ᮏᡭヰࡢᩥἲ໬ࡢ౛࡟ࠕ㸿Ⰻ࠸㹀ࠖࠕ㸿ࢃ࠿ࡿ㹀ࠖᵓᩥࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࠕⰋ࠸ࠖࠊࠕࢃ
࠿ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ꮠ⩏㏻ࡾࡢព࿡ࡣᾘ࠼ࠕࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡢࡀᬑ㏻࡞ࡢ࡟ࠊࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព ࿡ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ ࠋᕷ ⏣ (2005:93-95) ࡢ ౛ ࢆ ཧ ⪃ ࡟ ࠊඹ ྠ ◊ ✲ ⪅ ࡢ ࢿ ࢖ ࢸ ࢕ ࣈ࣭ࢧ ࢖ ࢼ ࣮ ࡜ࡢస౛ࢆ௨ୗ࡟♧ࡍࠋ(4)㸦᪥ᮏㄒヂ㸧࠶ࡢேࠊࢱࣂࢥ྾ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ㸽㸦㏞ᝨࡔ࡞㸧㯲ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀᬑ㏻ࡔࡀࠊ⚾ࡣゝࡗࡓࠋᑐẚᵓᩥࠕ㸿ྰᐃ㹀ࠖࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᵓᩥ ࡜㢮ఝࡢ⾲⌧࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕ୍⯡࡟ࡣ㸿ࡔ࡜᝿ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㹀ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࢆᣢࡘࠋ ᑐ ẚ ᵓ ᩥ ࠕ 㸿 ྰ ᐃ 㹀 ࠖ ࡢ ព ࿡ ㄽ ࡜ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽᵓᩥㄽⓗ 4 ศ㢮ᑐ ẚ ᵓ ᩥࠕ 㸿 ྰ ᐃ 㹀 ࠖ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊᯘ (2021) ࡣ ௜ ຍ 㒊 (B)ࢆ ศ ᯒ ࡋ ࠊྰ ᐃ ᙧ ࡢ ศ ᕸ ࢆࠕ ྰ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ㸦 ౯ ್ ᇶ ‽ ࡢ ᭷ ↓ 㸧 vs. ྰ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸㸦 ᫬ ⣔ ิ 㸧ࠊㄒ ᙡ ⨨ ᥮ ࠊ᩿ ᛕ ࠊᮇᚅ እ ࢀ ࠊணࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࠊᅇ 㑊 ࠊᡴ 㛤 ࠖ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࢟ ࣮ ࣡ ࣮ ࢻ ࡛ ᩚ ⌮ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋࡑ ࢀ ࢆ ㋃ ࡲ ࠼ ࠊᮏ◊✲ࡣᵓᩥㄽⓗほⅬ࠿ࡽ௨ୗࡢ㸲ࡘࡢศ㢮ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋa. ྡ モ ࣞ ࣋ ࣝ 㸸 ᝿ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸺 ࡶ ࡢ 㸼 ࡢ ᪉ ࡀ ୍ ⯡ ⓗ ࡇࢀࡣࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭ࢧ࢖ࢼ࣮ࡢ┤ほ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜᭱ࡶ⡆༢࡛඾ᆺⓗ࡞౛࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢᵓᩥࡢ⡆༢࡛඾ᆺⓗ࡞౛ᩥࡣࠊᡭヰࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࡛➃ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡀぢࡘ࠿ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ
࡛ࠊඹྠ◊✲⪅ࡢࢿ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭ࢧ࢖ࢼ࣮࡜స౛ࡋࡓࡢࡀ௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

−29−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）(5)㸦 ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ヂ 㸧 ⚾ ࠊ ྑ ฼ ࡁ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ ࠊ ᕥ ฼ ࡁ ࡞ ࢇ ࡛ ࡍ ࠋ㸦 స ౛ 㸧᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣࠕ㸦ྑ฼ࡁ ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸧ࠖࡢ㒊ศࡣ⾲⌧ࡉࢀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㐪࿴ឤࡀ࡞࠸ ࡋࠊࡴࡋ ࢁ ⾲ ⌧ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡽ ෕ 㛗 ࡟ ឤ ࡌ ࡿ ࡣ ࡎ ࡔ ࠋ ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࠊ ᪥ ᮏ ᡭ ヰ ࡛ ࡣࠕ A ྰ ᐃ Bࠖ ࡢ A ࡢ 㒊ศ ࢆ ⾲ ⌧ ࡋ ࡓ ᪉ ࡀ ⮬ ↛ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋࡇ ࡇ ࡛ 㔜 せ ࡞ ࡢ ࡣ ࠊୖ グ ࡢ ౛ ᩥ㸦 5㸧ࡣ ࣐ ࢖ ࣀ ࣜ ࢸ ࢕ ࡛࠶ࡿᕥ฼ࡁ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝ࠺᫬ࠊྑ࡜ᑐẚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⮬↛ࡔࡀࠊྑ࡜ᕥࢆධࢀ᭰࠼ࡿ࡜ᐜ
ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠸Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᑐẚᵓᩥࠕ㸿ྰᐃ㹀ࠖࡣࠊ⪺ࡁᡭࡀ᝿ᐃࡍࡿ୍⯡ⓗ࡟ከ ᩘ ὴ ࡢ ᒓ ᛶ A ࢆ ྰ ᐃ ࡋ ࠊᑡ ᩘ ὴ ࡢ ᒓ ᛶ B ࢆ ᫂ ☜ ໬ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋྰ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡣ ୍ ⯡ ⓗ ࡟ࡳ࡞ࡀඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎࠊᑐ⩏ㄒ࡛࠶ࢀࡤධࢀ᭰࠼ࡽࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡘ ࡲ ࡾ ࠊᑐ ẚ ᵓ ᩥࠕ 㸿 ྰ ᐃ 㹀 ࠖࡣ ࠊ⪺ ࡁ ᡭ ࡀ ᝿ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ ୍ ⯡ ⓗ ࡟ ከ ᩘ ὴ ࡢ ᒓ ᛶ A ࢆ ྰᐃ ࡋ ࠊᑡ ᩘ ὴ ࡢ ᒓ ᛶ B ࢆ ᫂ ☜ ໬ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ࡞ ࠾ ࠊ㢮 ౛ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠊ௨ ୗ ࡢ ⾲ ࢆ ᣲࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ⾲㸰 ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿከᩘὴࡢ A ࡜ࠊᑡᩘὴࡢ B ࡢ౛
A

B

ྑ฼ࡁ

ᕥ฼ࡁ

ᮅ㣗࡟ⓑ⡿

ᮅ㣗࡟࣮࢝ࣞ

ⓑ⡿

⋞⡿

ࢫ࣐࣍

࢞ࣛࢣ࣮

JR

⚾㕲

ࡓ ࡜ ࠼ ࡤ ࠕ JR vs.⚾ 㕲 ࠖ ࡢ ᑐ ẚ ࡣ ࠊ ᮾ ி ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ 㒔 ᕷ 㒊 ࠿ ࠊ ᆅ ᪉ ࠿ ࠊ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࡶ ヰ ⪅ࡢឤࡌ᪉ࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ඲࡚ࡢᑐẚࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶᅛᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⤯ᑐⓗ ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊヰ⪅ࡀᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᖖ㆑ࢆᇶ‽࡟ࡋࡓ ᑐẚࢆ⾲ࡍࡶࡢ࡛ࠊேࡸヰ⪅ࢥ࣑ࣗ

−30−日本手話の対比構文「Ａ否定Ｂ」の談話構造ࢽࢸ࢕ࡢඹ᭷ࡉࢀࡓಙᛕ࡟ᕥྑࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ࡞ ࠾ ࠊ ࡇ ࡢ ࣂ ࣜ ࢚ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ࡟ ࠕ A ࡔ ࡅ 㐪 ࠺ Bࠖ㸦 A ࡔ ࡅ ࡛ ࡞ ࡃ B ࡶ 㸧 ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋࠕ Ᏹᐂ 㣕 ⾜ ኈ ࡟ ᩥ ⣔ ࡢ ே ࡛ ࡶ ᛂ ເ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࠖ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ⾲ ࡍ ࡢ ࡟ ࠊࠕ ⌮ ⣔ ே ࠎ [ࡔ ࡅ 㐪 ࠺ ] 㤳 ᣺ ࡾᩥ⣔ࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣ B ࡜࠸࠺ࡔࡅ࡛῭ࡴ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ㻀A ࡶ᫂♧ⓗ࡟௜ຍࡍࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶࠊA ࡣヰ⪅ࡸࡑࡢᡤᒓࡍࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ࡀಙࡌ࡚࠸ࡿᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜㸦Ᏹᐂ㣕 ⾜ ኈ ࡣ ᇶ ᮏ ⓗ ࡟ ࡣ ⌮ ⣔ ࡢ ே ࡀ ᛂ ເ ࡍ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡔ 㸧ࠊ B ࡣ ࡑ ࢀ ௨ እ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ࡇ ࡢ ౛ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ㻀A ࡜ B ࡀ➼ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ

b. ື モ ࣞ ࣋ ࣝ 1 㸸 ᝿ ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ὶ ࢀ ࡜ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ 㸦 ࢫ ࢡ ࣜ ࣉ ࢺ ࡢ ὶ ࢀ 㸧(3)㸦⏣୰ࡣࡶࡽࡗࡓㅰ♩㔠ࢆ⏦࿌ࡏࡎ⣙㸧஬ ༓ ஧ ⓒ ୓ ෇ to p PT3 ⛯ [ 1 ᡶ ࠺ 3 ] 㤳 ᣺ ࡾ 㞃 ࡍ PT3(20220329 ࡢ 51)

  㸦 ඖ ࡢ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ 㸧㸦 ␎ 㸧 ஬ ༓ ஧ ⓒ ୓ ෇ ࢆ ⬺ ⛯ ࡋ ࡓ 㸦 ࡢ ࡛ ᤕ ࡲ ࡾ ࠊ ⿢ ุ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸧୍⯡࡟ㅰ♩㔠ࢆࡶࡽ࠼ࡤࠕ⣡⛯ࡍࡿࠖ⩏ົࡢࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢඹ㏻ㄆ㆑ࢆ⿬
ษ ࡗ ࡚ࠕ ⬺ ⛯ ࡋ ࡓ ࠖ㸦 㞃 ࡋ ࡓ 㸧࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࠊつ ⠊ ⓗ ࢫ ࢡ ࣜ ࣉ ࢺ ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ 㐓 ⬺ ࢆ ⾲ ࡍ ࡢ ࡟ࠕ A ྰ
ᐃ Bࠖᵓ ᩥ ࢆ ౑ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋࡇ ࡇ ࡛ ࡢ ྰ ᐃ ⾲ ⌧ ࡣ 㤳 ᣺ ࡾ ࡢ ࡳ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋࠕ ⛯ ࢆ ᡶ ࠺ ࠖ࡜ࠕ 㞃ࡍ ࠖ ࡣ ཝ ᐦ ࡟ ࡣ 㻀 A㸻 B ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࠋ B ࡟ ࡣ ࠕ ᛀ ࢀ ࡿ ࠖ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣࠕ⬺⛯ࠖ࡜࠸࠺୍ㄒ࡟ࠕᡶ࠺࡭ࡁ⛯ࢆᡶࢃ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࡀධࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏᡭヰ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࢆࠕ⛯ࢆᡶ࠺࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢ࡟㞃ࡋࡓࠖ࡜ㄝ᫂ⓗ࡞⾲⌧࡟࡞ࡿࠋc. ື モ ࣞ ࣋ ࣝ 2 㸸 つ ᐃ ࡢ ὶ ࢀ ࡜ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ 㸦 ័ ⩦ ࡢ ኚ ໬ 㸧(4) 㸦 ࣉ ࣛ ࢫ ࢳ ࢵ ࢡ ࢫ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࢆ ῶ ࡽ ࡍ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊ ௻ ᴗ ࡟ ࡣ 㸧ᥦ ౪ ++ 㢌 ୖ ń ୗ [PT3 ᕥ ↓ ᩱ ࡋ ࡞ ࠸ ] 㤳 ᣺ ࡾ ࡁ ࡗ ࡕ ࡾ ᡶ ࠺ ኚ ᭦ ࡍ ࡿ 㸦 ␎ 㸧㸦ඖࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ㸧ᥦ౪ࡢ᭷ᩱ໬ ࡞࡝ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡲࡍ

(20220401 ࡢ 22)ࡇ ࡢ ౛ ࡶ 㸦 3㸧 ࡜ ྠ ᵝ ࡟ ࠊ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࡛ ࡣ ࠕ ᭷ ᩱ ໬ ࠖ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ 1 ㄒ ࡢ ⇍ ㄒ 㸦 -໬ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ኚ ໬ࢆ ⾲ ࡍ ᥋ ᑿ ㎡ ࡀ ࡘ ࠸ ࡓ 2 ᙧ ែ ⣲ 㸧࡛ ⾲ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡀ ࠊ᪥ ᮏ ᡭ ヰ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊࠕᚑ᮶ࡣ↓ᩱࡔࡗࡓ ࡜ ࡇ ࢁ ࠿ ࡽ ᭷ ᩱ ࡟ ኚ ᭦ ࠖ ࡜ ㄝ ᫂ ⓗ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ࡇ ࡢ ࠕ A ྰ ᐃ Bࠖ ᵓ ᩥ ࡣ ࠊ ኚ ໬ ࢆ⾲ ࡍ ࡢ ࡟ ័ ⩦ ⓗ ࡟ ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ 㻀 A㸻 B ࡛ B ࡬ ࡢ ኚ ໬ ࢆ ⾲ ࡍ ౛ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊ A−31−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ࡣࡳ࡞ࡀ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛ඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮࡛ࣝࣝ࠶ࡿࠋ

d. ๪ モ ࣞ ࣋ ࣝ 㸸 ๪ モ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ᑐ ẚ ᵓ ᩥ ࠕ 㸿 ྰ ᐃ 㹀 ࠖព࿡ⓗ࡟๪モ࡛ࠊ័⏝ྃⓗ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ ౛࠼ࡤࠕึࡵ࡚ࠖࡣࠕ௒ࡲ࡛࡟࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ࡜
ྠ⩏࡛ࠊ᪥ᮏᡭヰ࡛ࡣࠕ ௒ࡲ࡛ ࡞࠸㤳᣺ࡾ ึࡵ࡚ࠖ࡜⮬↛࡟࢖ࢹ࢕࣒࢜ⓗ࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚౑ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ ࡇ ࢀ ࡶ 㻀 A㸻 B ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ྠ ࡌ ෆ ᐜ ࡢ ⧞ ࡾ ㏉ ࡋ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊ ࡇ ࡢ 3 ㄒ ࢆྜࢃࡏ࡚⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣከ࠸ࠋ

3.2 ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ࣞ ࣋ ࣝ ࡢ ㄯ ヰ ຠ ᯝᮏ ᵓ ᩥ ࢆ ౑ ࠺ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ࡞ ື ᶵ ௜ ࡅ ࡣ ఱ ࡔ ࢁ ࠺ ࠿ ࠋ (d) ࡢ ๪ モ ࣞ ࣋ ࣝ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ័ ⏝ ໬ ࡋ࡚ ࠸ ࡚ ศ ᯒ ࡍ ࡿ ࡢ ࡀ 㞴 ࡋ ࠸ ࠋࠕ A ྰ ᐃ Bࠖ ࡢ B ࡢ ࡳ ࢆ ࠸ ࠺ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ ࠊ ┦ ᡭ ࡀ ᝿ ᐃ ࡍ
ࡿ A ࡜ ᑐ ẚ ࢆ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࠊ᪥ ᮏ ᡭ ヰ ࡢ ࣝ ࣮ ࣝ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ័ ⩦ ໬ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋḟ ࡟ ࠊྠ ⩏ ㄒ ཯᚟ ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ ᙉ ㄪ ࡍ ࡿ ࡢ ࡟ ౑ ࠼ ࡿ ࠋ౛ ࠼ ࡤ ࠊ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࡢࠕ ୓ ඲ ࢆ ࠖࢆ ヂ ࡍ ࡜ࠕ ₃ ࢀ ࡿ ࡞ ࠸ 㤳᣺ࡾ༑ ศ࣭‶ ࡓ ࡍ ࡋ ࡗ ࠿ ࡾ ࠖ
㸦 ₃ ࢀ ࡀ ࡞ ࠸ ࡼ ࠺ ࠊ‶ ㊊ ࠸ ࡃ ࡼ ࠺ ࠊࡋ ࡗ ࠿ ࡾ 㸧࡛㸦 20220406

ࡢ 14㸧3 ᅇ ྠ ⩏ ㄒ ࢆ ཯ ᚟ ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ ࠊᙉ ㄪ ࡢ ຠ ᯝ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋࡲ ࡓ ࠊ(b)ࡸ (c) ࡛ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࡛ ࡣ┬␎ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿඹ㏻▱㆑㸦๓ᥦ㸧ࢆゝㄒ໬ࡍࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡾࠊᩥ⬦ࢆ᫂♧໬ࡋࠊ࢝ࢸࢦ
࣮ࣜࢆ᫂☜໬ࡍࡿㄯヰຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࡲ ࡜ ࡵࠕ 㸿 ྰ ᐃ 㹀 ࠖᵓ ᩥ ࡣ ࠊࡳ ࡞ ࡀ ᝿ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ A ࡜ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ B ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ᭷ ᶆ ࡢ ᝟ ሗ ࢆ ఏ ࠼ࡿㄯヰ᮲௳࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢᵓᩥࡢ౛࠿ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏ ㄒ࡜᪥ᮏᡭヰ࡛ㄯヰࡢసࡾ᪉ࡀ␗
࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣࠊ㸯ㄒ࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠊᙜ↛ࡸࡿ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜ࢆࡸࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ
ࡇ࡜㸦⬺⛯ࠊࡎࡿఇࡳ࡞࡝㸧ࠊኚ໬㸦‫ۑۑ‬໬㸧ࡀࠊ᪥ᮏᡭヰ࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢᵓᩥ࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃࠊᙜ↛ࡢ≧ែࠊ௨๓ࡢ≧ែࢆ᫂♧໬ࡋ࡚ྰᐃࡍࡿࠋᡭ ヰ ゝ ㄒ ࡛ ྰ ᐃ ⾲ ⌧ ࡣ ࠊ㠀 ᡭ ᣦ せ ⣲㸦 㤳 ᣺ ࡾ 㸧ࡢ ࡳ ࡛ ᩥ ඲ య ࡢ ྰ ᐃ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ゝ ㄒ ࡜ ࠊᡭ ᣦ せ ⣲ ࡀ ᚲ せ ࡞ ゝ ㄒ ࡟ ศ ࡅ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ Zeshan(2006)ࡢ ࢱ ࢖ ࣏ ࣟ ࢪ ࣮ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ࡜ ࠊ᪥ᮏ ᡭ ヰ ࡣ ࠊ ᡭ ᣦ せ ⣲ ࡀ ᩥ ඲ య ࡢ ྰ ᐃ ࡟ ࡣ ᚲ せ ࡔ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ศ ᯒ ࡀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 Morgan
2006㸧ࠋᩥ ྰ ᐃ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ ᭦ ࡞ ࡿ ᳨ ウ ࡀ ᚲ せ ࡔ ࡀ ࠊᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࠊࡇ ࡢ ᑐ ẚ ᵓ ᩥࠕ Aྰ ᐃ Bࠖ ࡢ ྰ ᐃ せ ⣲ ࡣ ࠊ ᡭ ᣦ ࡀ క ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡶ ࠶ ࡿ ࡋ ࠊ 㠀 ᡭ ᣦ せ ⣲ 㸦 㤳 ᣺ ࡾ 㸧 ࡢ ࡳ ࡛ ࡶ ౑࠼ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ᥋⥆⏝ἲ࡛ࡣࠊྰᐃࡢ㠀ᡭᣦせ⣲ࡀᡭᣦせ⣲ࢆకࢃࡎ౑࠼ࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

−32−

日本手話の対比構文「Ａ否定Ｂ」の談話構造ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ᯘ  ள ⣖ Ꮚ (2021) ࠕ ࢁ ࠺ ㏻ ヂ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᑐ ẚ ᵓ ᩥ ࡢ 㑅 ᢥ Ɇ௜ ຍ 㒊 ࡢ ศ ᯒ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ⪃ ᐹ Ɇࠖࠊᅜ ❧ 㞀 ᐖ ⪅ ࣜ ࣁ ࣅ ࣜ ࢸ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ࢭ ࣥ ࢱ ࣮ Ꮫ 㝔 ᡭ ヰ ㏻ ヂ Ꮫ ⛉ ➨ 31 ᮇ ⏕ ༞ ᴗ Ⓨ ⾲ ఍㈨ ᩱ ࠊ 2021 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 19 ᪥ .
ᕷ ⏣ Ὀ ᘯ 㸦 2005㸧 ࠕ ᩥ ἲ ໬ Ɇ᪥ ᮏ ᡭ ヰ ࡢ ᩥ ἲ 㸦 㸵 㸧 ຓ ື モ ࠊ ྰ ᐃ ㄒ ࠊ ᵓ ᩥ ࣞ ࣋ ࣝ ࡢ ᩥἲ ໬ ࠖ ࠊ ࠗ ᭶ ห ゝ ㄒ ࠘ 2005 ᖺ 11 ᭶ ྕ ࠊ ኱ ಟ 㤋 ᭩ ᗑ .
ᮌ ᮧ ᬕ ⨾ ࣭ ᕷ ⏣ Ὀ ᘯ 㸦 2000㸧 ࠕ ࢁ ࠺ ᩥ ໬ ᐉ ゝ Ɇゝ ㄒ ⓗ ᑡ ᩘ ⪅ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡢ ࢁ ࠺ ⪅ ࠖ ࠊ ࠗ ࢁ࠺ ᩥ ໬ ࠘ ࠊ ⌧ ௦ ᛮ ᝿ ⦅ 㞟 㒊 㸦 ⦅ 㸧 ࠊ pp.8-22ࠊ ᮾ ி ࠊ 㟷 ᅵ ♫ .㸦 ࠗ ⌧ ௦ ᛮ ᝿ ࠘ 1995
ᖺ 3 ᭶ྕࡢ෌㘓㸧ᯇ ᒸ ࿴ ⨾ (2015)ࠗ ᪥ ᮏ ᡭ ヰ ࡛ Ꮫ ࡪ ᡭ ヰ ゝ ㄒ Ꮫ ࡢ ᇶ ♏ ࠘ ࠊ ᮾ ி ࠊ ࡃ ࢁ ࡋ ࠾ ฟ ∧ .
Matsuoka, Kazumi, Uiko Yano, Hitomi Akahori, Norie Oka (2016), Notes on Modals
and Negation in Japanese Sign Language, Studies in Languages Sciences:

Journal of the Japanese Society for Language Sciences , 15, 1-20. Kaitakusha,
Tokyo, Japan.
Morgan, M. W. (2006). Interrogatives and Negatives in Japanese Sign Language.
In U. Zeshan (Ed.), Interrogative and Negative Constructions in Sign
Languages (pp. 91–127). Nijmegen: Ishara Press.
Zeshan, Ulrike (2006).

Negative andInterrogative

Constructions in

Sign

Languages: A Case Study in Sign Language Typology. In U. Zeshan (Ed.),Interrogative and Negative Constructions in Sign Languages (pp. 28-68).
Nijmegen: Ishara Press.

−33−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ឤㅰࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾ࡟⌧ࢀࡿ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺ
̿ࣇࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࡜ྠㄪࢩࣇࢺࢆ୰ᚰ࡟̿
ᕷཎ᫂᪥㤶
┠ⓑ኱Ꮫ

㸺 Ab str act 㸼 Th e p u r p o se o f th is r e se ar c h is to r e v e al th e u p sh if t in u tte r an c e s o f"g ratitu de" in J apane se language and to c l arify it s func tio n . Up shift ing in thisstu d y r e f e r s to th e u s e o f p o lite s ty le ( - d e su / - m asu ) an d be n e f ac tiv e v e r bs ( te itad aku , e tc .) in c o n v e r satio n s b ase d o n c asu a l sty le amo n g f r i e n d s.A s a r e su lt ,u p sh if t s are o b se r v e d in 5 2% o f u t te r an c e s o f g r ati tu d e . B e n e f ic i ar ie s c ar r y o u t
grati tude by chan ging footin g (Goffman 198 1) from frie nd to be ne factor th roughu p sh if tin g . Ho w e v e r, be c au se u p sh if t in g r e m o v e s th e d i sp lay o f an e qu al r e la tio n
as f rie n d s, a sy n ch ro n ize d u p sh if t i s so me ti me s p e rf o rme d by th e be n e f acto r.
࣮࣮࠙࢟࣡ࢻࠚ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࠊࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࢩࣇࢺࠊྠㄪࢩࣇࢺࠊឤㅰ⾲⌧㸯㸬◊✲⫼ᬒࠊၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿ⌧㇟ ㄒ⏝ㄽ◊✲࡟ࡳࡿࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࢩࣇࢺࡢ஦౛࡛ࡣࠊᬑẁࡣ࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣝ࡞ࢫ
ࢱ࢖࡛ࣝヰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿぶࡋ࠸㛵ಀࡢ཭ேࡸᐙ᪘ࡀ✺↛ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣝ࡞ࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓሙ ྜ ࠊ o v e r- p o li te ࡛ ᭷ ᶆ ࡢ ᙧ ᘧ ࡜ ࡞ ࡾ ើ ᠑ ↓ ♩ ࡉ ࡸ ᛣ ࡾ ࡸ ⓶ ⫗ ࢆ ఏ ࠼ ࡿ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ࡿ 㸦 Lo ch e r 20 04㸸 89- 90 ࡞ ࡝ 㸧ࠋ ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࠊ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࡢ ሙ ྜ ࡣ ࣇ ࢛ ࣮ ࣐ ࣝ ࡞ ࢫ ࢱ ࢖ ࣝ ࡬ ࡢษࡾ᭰࠼ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ព࿡ࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊྠ୍ࡢヰࡋᡭ࡜⪺ࡁᡭ࡟ࡼࡿྠ୍఍ヰෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ษࡾ᭰࠼ࡽࢀࡿ⌧㇟ࡣࡵࡎࡽࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞౛࡟ ࠕ ឤ ㅰ ࠖ ࡢ Ⓨ ヰ ⾜ Ⅽ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋࠕ ឤ ㅰ ࠖ ࡣ ࣏ ࢪ ࢸ ࢕ ࣈ ࣭ ࣏ ࣛ ࢖ ࢺ ࢿ ࢫ ࡢ Ⓨ ヰ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊ┦ᡭ࡜㊥㞳ࢆ⨨ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆពᅗࡋ࡞࠸࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡢぶࡋ࠸㛵ಀࡢឤㅰㄯ
ヰ࡟ࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣝ࡞ࢫࢱ࢖࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ୎ᑀయ㸦ࢹࢫ࣭࣐ࢫ㸧ࡀ౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ
Ⓨ⾲ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࠕឤㅰࠖࡢⓎヰ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᣦ᦬ࡋࠊࡑࡢࡣࡓࡽࡁ
ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᬑ㏻యᇶㄪࡢ཭ே㛵ಀࡢ఍ヰ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᩥᮎࡢ୎ᑀయ㸦ࢹࢫ࣭࣐ࢫ㸧ࡸࠊ┠ୖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᤵཷ⾲⌧㸦ࢸ࢖ࢱࢲࢡ࣭ࢸࢡࢲࢧࣝ
➼㸧ࢆࠕ୎ᑀయࠖ࡜࿧ࡧࠊᮏⓎ⾲ࡢ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺ࡜ࡣࠊᬑ㏻య࠿ࡽ୎ᑀయ࡟୍᫬ⓗ࡟ษࡾ᭰࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿࠋ

−34−

感謝のやりとりに現れるアップシフト―フッティングと同調シフトを中心に―㸰㸬ඛ⾜◊✲ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡢ ᶵ ⬟ ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࢩࣇࢺࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ୎ᑀయᇶㄪࡢ఍ヰ࠿ࡽᬑ㏻య࡬ࡢࢩ
ࣇࢺࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࢲ࢘ࣥࢩࣇࢺࢆศᯒࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀከᩘࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺ࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ࡣᩘࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡢᶵ⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊㄯヰศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㔞ⓗ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟
ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡣࠊ㸦  㸧ヰ 㢟 ࡢ ⛣ ⾜ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢࠕ ㄯ ヰ ୖ ࡢ ᶵ ⬟ ࠖࠊ㸦  㸧ᚰ ⓗ ㊥ 㞳 ࢆ ⨨ ࡃ ࡇ ࡜ ࡢࠕ ᑐ ே ㄪ ᩚ ᶵ ⬟ ࠖ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ㸦 ⏕ ⏣ ࣭ ஭ ฟ     㸪୕ ∾     㸪Ᏹ బ ⨾     ࡞ ࡝ 㸧ࠋ ఍ ヰ ࡢ ࡸࡾ ࡜ ࡾ ࡢ ศ ᯒ ࠿ ࡽ ࡣ ࠊ㸦  㸧 ᣦ ᑟ ⓗ ❧ ሙ ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ୍ ᫬ ⓗ ࡞ ࢔ ࢖ ࢹ ࣥ ࢸ ࢕ ࢸ ࢕ ࢆ ᣦ ᶆ ࡍ ࡿ ᶵ⬟㸦 & R R N    D 㸤    E㸧ࠊ㸦  㸧≀ ㄒ ࡢ ᯟ ⤌ ࡳ ࢆ ᥦ ♧ ࡋ ᮏ ➽ ࢆ 㝿 ❧ ࡓ ࡏ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ す 㜰      㸧ࠊ㸦  㸧 ┦ ᡭ ࡢ ୎ ᑀ య ࡬ ࡢ ྠ ㄪ ࠊ ୎ ᑀ ᗘ ࡢ ప ࡉ ࡢ ⿵ ൾ ᔱ ཎ      㸧ࠊ㸦  㸧 ఍ ヰ ┦ ᡭ ࠿ ࡽ 㐺ษ ࡞ ཯ ᛂ ࢆ ୎ ᑀ ࡟ ᘬ ࡁ ฟ ࡍ ༓ ࠎ ᒾ 㸧 ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ᶵ ⬟ ࡀ ᣦ ᦬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ ࠋ ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡣึᑐ㠃఍ヰࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵᬑ㏻యᇶㄪࡢ఍ヰ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡸࠊ఍ヰࡢ
ෆᐜࡸ㈇ᢸࡢ኱ᑠࡣ⤫ไࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊ≉ᐃࡢⓎヰ⾜Ⅽ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊぶࡋ࠸㛵ಀ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿឤㅰࡢ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᛂ⏝࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ
 ≉ ᐃ ࡢ Ⓨ ヰ ⾜ Ⅽ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ≉ ᐃ ࡢ Ⓨ ヰ ⾜ Ⅽ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࢆ ศ ᯒ ࡋ ࡓ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ᩘ ࡣ 㝈 ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊࠕ ෕ㄯࠖࠕ⓶⫗ࠖࠕ ᣦ ♧㸦 ' L U H F W L YH V 㸧ࠖࠕ ୙ ‶ ࠖࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ% H X F N P D QQ 㸤 0 R U L     ࡣ ࠊ
ࠕ౫㢗ࠖ
ࠕ່ㄏࠖ
ࠕ ㅰ ⨥ ࠖ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ≉ ᐃ ࡢ Ⓨ ヰ ⾜ Ⅽ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㔞 ⓗ ࡟ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ≉ᐃࡢⓎヰ⾜Ⅽࡣ㈇ᢸࡀ㔜࠸ࡓࡵ࡟ࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࡶ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊᜠᜨࡢ୚࠼ᡭ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㈇ᢸࡢ㔜࠸ࠊ㔜኱࡞ࠕឤㅰࠖ࡟ࡶぶࡋ࠸㛵ಀ࡛࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ศᯒࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
 ྠ ㄪ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ྠ ㄪ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡇ ࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ Ⅼ ࡣࠕ ㉁ ၥ ̿ ⟅ ࠼ ࠖࠕ⮬ᕫ㛤♧̿཯ᛂ ࠖ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ 㞄 ᥋ ࣌ ࢔ ࡛ ྠ ㄪ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡀ ㉳ ࡇ ࡾ ࡸ ࡍ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜㸦 ⏦ 㸧࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊྠ ㄪ ࢩ ࣇࢺ ࡢ ᶵ ⬟ ࡸ ࠊࠕ ឤ ㅰ  ឤ ㅰ ཷ ࡅ ࠖ ࡢ ྠ ㄪ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ ࠋ ௨ ୖ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ ࣜ ࢧ ࣮ ࢳ ࢡ ࢚ ࢫ ࢳ ࣙ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ḟ ࡢ ஧ Ⅼ ࡟ ↔ Ⅼ ࢆ ᙜ ࡚ ࡿ ࠋ
54㸸 ཭ ே ྠ ኈ ࡢ ぶ ࡋ ࠸ 㛵 ಀ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ឤ ㅰ ࡢ ࡸ ࡾ ࡜ ࡾ ࡟ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡀ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠿ 54㸸 ཭ ே ྠ ኈ ࡢ ぶ ࡋ ࠸ 㛵 ಀ ࡢ ឤ ㅰ ࡢ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡟ ࡣ ࡝ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᑐ ே ㄪ ᩚ ᶵ ⬟ ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿㸱㸬ࢹ࣮ࢱ࠾ࡼࡧศᯒ᪉ἲ

−35−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022） ᡭ 㡰   ᖺ  ᭶ ࠿ ࡽ  ᭶ ࡟ ࠿ ࡅ ࡚ ᮾ ி ࡢ ኱ Ꮫ ࡟ ᡤ ᒓ ࡍ ࡿ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ẕ ㄒ ヰ ⪅ ࡢ Ꮫ ⏕  ே ࠊ  ⤌ ࡢ ࣟ ࣮ ࣝ ࣉ ࣞ ࢖ ఍ ヰ ࢆ 㘓 㡢 㘓 ⏬ ࡋ ᩥ Ꮠ ໬ ࡋ ࡚ ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋே 㛫 㛵 ಀ ࢆ ⤫ ไ ࡍ ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ㄪᰝ༠ຊ⪅ࢆເ㞟ࡍࡿ࡟㝿ࡋࠊᐇ㝿࡟཭ே㛵ಀࡢ࣌࢔࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊྠᛶ࡝࠺ࡋ
࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᮲௳࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞ࢖࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾ⮬↛࡞఍ヰࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺ᕤኵࢆࡋࡓࠋឤㅰ⾲⌧ࡢㄪᰝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡩࡏࠊ┦ᡭࡢ࣮࣮ࣟࣝ࢝ࢻࡣぢࡎࠊ࣮࣮ࣟࣝ࢝ࢻ࡟グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜ௨እ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⮬⏤࡟タᐃࡋ࡚ࡼࡋ࡜ࡋࠊ఍ヰ⤊஢ࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢࡶㄪᰝ⪅ࡣ⤫ไࡏࡎ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ศᯒࡢᡭ㡰ࡣࠊᩥᏐ໬ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࢱ࣮ࣥࢆᢳฟࡋࠊఱ
⤌࡟࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡀฟ⌧ࡋࡓ࠿ࢆᩘ࠼ࡓࠋḟ࡟ࠊ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࢱ࣮ࣥࡈ࡜
࡟ࠊ๓ᚋࡢᩥ⬦࠿ࡽឤㅰࡢⓎヰ࠿࡝࠺࠿☜ᐃࡋࠊఱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢឤㅰ࠿ࢆ⢭ᰝࡋࡓࠋ
 ࣟ ࣮ ࣝ ࣉ ࣞ ࢖ ࡢ ෆ ᐜ   ⤌ ࡢ ࣌ ࢔ ࡟  ࢩ ࣮ ࣥ ࡎ ࡘ ࣟ ࣮ ࣝ ࢝ ࣮ ࢻ ࢆ Ώ ࡋ ࡚ ࣟ ࣮ ࣝ ࣉ ࣞ ࢖ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡚ ࡶ ࡽ ࠸ ࠊྜィ  ࢩ ࣮ ࣥ ࡢ ఍ ヰ ࢆ ཰ 㘓 ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ࢩ ࣮ ࣥ  ࡜ ࢩ ࣮ ࣥ  ࡣ ᕷ ཎ 㸦 㸧 ࡜ ྠ ᵝ ࡢ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠊࢩ࣮ࣥ  ࡣᮏⓎ⾲ࡢศᯒ࡟㏣ຍࡋࡓࠋ㸦  㸧ࢩ ࣮ ࣥ  ࡛ ࡣ ࠊࣟ ࣮ ࣝ $ ࡟ ࡣࠕ ᫖ ᪥ % ࡢ ඛ ㍮ ࡜ ఍ ࡗ ࡚ ఍ ♫ ࡢ ヰ ࢆ ⪺ ࡃ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࠖཬࡧࠕ㛗ᮇఇࡳࡢணᐃࢆヰࡍࠖࡇ࡜ࠊ࣮ࣟࣝ % ࡟ࡣࠕ㛗ᮇఇࡳࡢணᐃࢆヰࡍࠖࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ♧ࡋࡓࠋࢩ࣮ࣥ  ࡛ࡣ $ ࠿ࡽேࡢ⤂௓ࢆཷࡅࡓࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤㅰࡢࡇ࡜ࡤ ࡀ ண ᝿ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ㸦  㸧 ࢩ ࣮ ࣥ  ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ࣟ ࣮ ࣝ $ ࡟ ࡣ ࠕ ኱ ࡁ ࡞ ⟽ ࡟ ධ ࡗ ࡓ ್ ẁ ࡀ 㧗 ࠸ ࠾ⳫᏊࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࠊ࣮ࣟࣝ % ࡟ࡣࠕ࠾ࡳࡸࡆࢆࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜ࠊ⏝஦ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢሙ࡛
㛤ࡅࡎ࡟❧ࡕཤࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ♧ࡋࡓࠋࢩ࣮ࣥ  ࡛ࡣ % ࠿ࡽ࠾ᅵ⏘≀࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤㅰࡢゝⴥࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ண ᝿ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ㸦  㸧 ࢩ ࣮ ࣥ  ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ࣟ ࣮ ࣝ $ ࡟ ࡣ ࠕ ᩍ ᐊ ࡛ % ࡜ അ ↛ ఍ ࠸ ࠊ᪂Ꮫᮇࡢᤵᴗࡢෆᐜࢆヰࡍࠖࡇ࡜ࠊ࣮ࣟࣝ % ࡟ࡣࠕ࠾ࡳࡸࡆࢆ࠾࠸ࡋࡃ㣗࡭ࡓࡇ࡜ࠖࠕㅮ⩏せ㡯ࢆぢࡏ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜ࠖࢆᣦ♧ࡋࡓࠋࢩ࣮ࣥ  ࡛ࡣࠊ% ࠿ࡽࡶࡽࡗࡓඛ᪥ࡢ
࠾ᅵ⏘≀࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤㅰࡸㅮ⩏せ㡯ࢆぢࡏ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜࡬ࡢឤㅰࡢゝⴥࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
㸲㸬⤖ᯝ ཭ ே ྠ ኈ ࡢ ぶ ࡋ ࠸ 㛵 ಀ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ឤ ㅰ ࡢ ࡸ ࡾ ࡜ ࡾ ࡟ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡀ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠿ ⾲  ࡣࠊࠕ ఍ ヰ 㛤 ጞ ࠿ ࡽ ⤊ ஢ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ࢫ ࣆ ࣮ ࢳ ࣞ ࣋ ࣝ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡢ ᆺ ࡜ ⤌ ᩘ ࡛ࠖ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ⤌ ࡈ࡜ ࡟ ఍ ヰ ࡢ 㛤 ጞ ࠿ ࡽ ⤊ ஢ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ᩗ య ࢆ ࠕ 㸩 ࠖࠊ ᬑ ㏻ య ࢆ ࠕ  ࠖ ࡛ ♧ ࡍ ࠋ ⾲ 㻝 㻌 ఍ ヰ 㛤 ጞ 䛛䜙⤊ ஢ 䜎䛷䛾䝇䝢䞊䝏 䝇䝍䜲䝹䝅䝣䝖䛾ᆺ 䛸 ⤌ ᩘ 㻌−36−感謝のやりとりに現れるアップシフト―フッティングと同調シフトを中心に―㻖 㻌㻌 㻜 䠖 ᬑ ㏻ య 䚸 䠇 䠖 ᩗ య 㻌 䋻䠖 䝅 䝣䝖䛾 㡰 ᗎ 㻌 䋽 䜖 䜜㻌䝅 䝣䝖 䛾 ᆺ 㻖 㻌ฟ⌧⤌ᩘ㻌ฟ ⌧ ⋡ 䠄 㻑䠅 㻌䜰 䝑 䝥䝅 䝣䝖 䛒䜚 㻌 㻜 㻌 䋻 㻌 䠇 㻌 䋻 㻌 㻜 㻌㻝㻟㻌㻡㻞㻑㻌ᬑ ㏻ య 䛾䜎䜎 㻌 㻌 䠉 䋻㻌 䠉 㻌㻤㻌㻟 㻞 㻑㻌୎ ᑀ య 䛾䜎䜎 㻌 㻌 㻗 㻌 䋻㻌 㻗 㻌㻞㻌㻤 㻑㻌୎ ᑀ య 䝧 䞊 䝇䛷 䜖䜜 㻌 㻗 䋽 㻌㻞㻌㻤 㻑㻌䝎 䜴䞁 䝅 䝣 䝖 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻗 㻌 䋻㻌 䠉 㻌
㻜㻌
㻜 㻑㻌
ྜィ㻌
㻞 㻡㻌
㻝 㻜 㻜 㻑㻌 ࢩ ࣮ ࣥ ࡢ ఍ ヰ ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚   ⤌ ୰   ⤌ ࡟ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡀ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ㸦   э 㸩 э   㸧ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ゝ࠺࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺ࡜ࡣࠊᬑ㏻యᇶㄪࡢ఍ヰ࡟࠾࠸࡚୎ᑀయࢆ  ࢱ࣮ࣥ࠿ࡽ  ࢱ࣮ࣥ ࡢ ࡳ ౑ ⏝ ࡋ ࡓ ᚋ ࡟ ᬑ ㏻ య ࡟ ᡠ ࡗ ࡚ ఍ ヰ ࢆ ⤊ ࠼ ࡿ ᆺ ࡢ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊ 㸣 ࡜ 㐣 ༙ ᩘ ࢆ ㉸࠼ ࡓ ࠋ  ⤌ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ  ⤌ ࡣ ୎ ᑀ య ౑ ⏝ ࡀ ୍ ษ ࡞ ࡃ ᬑ ㏻ య ࡢ ࡲ ࡲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ㸦 ⾲ ୰ ࡢ グ ྕ ࡢ
ᬑ ㏻ య 㸫 э 㸫 㸧ࠋ  ⤌ ࡣ ୎ ᑀ య ౑ ⏝ ࡢ ࡲ ࡲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ 㸦 㸩 э 㸩 㸧ࠋ ௚ ࡟ ࠊ ୎ ᑀ య ࡜ ᬑ ㏻ యࡀ ΰ ྜ ࡋ ࠊ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡜ ࡣ ゝ ࠼ ࡞ ࠸ࠕ ࡺ ࢀ ࠖ㸦 я 㸧ࡀ  ⤌ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ୎ ᑀ య ࠿ ࡽ ᬑ ㏻ య࡬ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡋ ࡚ ఍ ヰ ࢆ ⤊ ஢ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࢲ ࢘ ࣥ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ᆺ 㸦 э 㸩 㸧 ࡣ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࡞ ࠾ ࠊࠕ࠶ࡊ࣮ࡗࡍࠖࠕ ࠸ ࠸ ே ࡗ ࡍ ࡡ ࠖࡣ ࢿ ࢜ ᩗ ㄒ ࡜ ࡶ ゝ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࡀ ᩗ ㄒ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ศ 㢮 ࡍ ࡿ ࡟ ࡣ ぢゎࡀศ࠿ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㝖እࡋࡓࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡀ⏕㉳ࡋࡓⓎヰෆᐜࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋ⾲  ࡟࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡀ⏕㉳ࡋࡓࢱ࣮ࣥࡢⓎヰ⾜Ⅽࢆ♧ࡍࠋ⾲ 㻞 㻌 䜰 䝑䝥䝅䝣䝖 䛜⏕ ㉳ 䛧 䛯 䝍 䞊䞁䛾Ⓨ ヰ ⾜ Ⅽ 㻌ឤㅰ㻌≀ 䛾ᡭ Ώ 䛧 㻌 ឤ ㅰ ཷ 䛡 㻌 䛿䛢䜎䛧 㻌 ඲ 䝍 䞊䞁 ᩘ 㻌
㻝㻟㻌
㻤㻌
㻞㻌
㻝㻌
㻞 㻠㻌
㻡㻠㻑㻌
㻟 㻟 㻑㻌㻤㻑㻌㻠 㻑㻌㻝 㻜 㻜 㻑㻌⾲  ࡢ   ⤌ ࡢ ࠺ ࡕ ࠊ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡢ ࠶ ࡿ ࢱ ࣮ ࣥ ࡣ ྜ ィ ࡛   ࢱ ࣮ ࣥ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ 㸦 ⾲  㸧ࠋ๓ ᚋ ࡢ ᩥ ⬦ ࠿ ࡽ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡀ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ Ⓨ ヰ ⾜ Ⅽ ࡢ ✀ 㢮 ࢆ ศ 㢮 ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ࠊ ឤ ㅰ ࡣ  ࢱ ࣮ ࣥ ࠶ࡗࡓࠋឤㅰ௨እࡢⓎヰ⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡣࠕ㣗࡭࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠖ࡞࡝࡜≀ࡢᡭΏࡋࢆ♧ࡍⓎヰࡀ ࢱ࣮ࣥࠊ┦ᡭࡢឤㅰࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠕࡼ࠿ࡗࡓ࡛ࡍࠖ࡞࡝ࠕឤㅰཷࡅࠖࡢྠㄪࢩࣇࢺࡀ  ࢱ࣮ ࣥ ࠊࠕ ࡀ ࢇ ࡤ ࡾ ࡲ ࡋ ࡻ ࠺ ࠖ ࡢ ࠕ ࡣ ࡆ ࡲ ࡋ ࠖ ࡀ ྛ  ࢱ ࣮ ࣥ ࡛ ࠊ ឤ ㅰ ௨ እ ࡢ ྜ ィ ࡣ   ࢱ࣮࡛ࣥ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡞࠾ࠊࠕ ឤ ㅰ ࢫ ࢺ ࣛ ࢸ ࢪ ࣮ ࠖ࡜ ࡣ ࠕࠊ ࠶ ࡾ ࡀ ࡜ ࠺ ࠖ➼ ࡢ ᐃ ᆺ ⾲ ⌧ ࡔ ࡅ ࡛ ࡞ ࡃ ࠊᕷ ཎ㸦     㸧࡛ ឤ ㅰ ࢫ ࢺ ࣛ ࢸ ࢪ ࣮ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ศ 㢮 ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠕ ฼ ┈ ෆ ᐜ ࡢ ᫂ ♧ ࠖࠕ ࡯ ࡵ ࠖࠕ ឤ ㅰ ࡢ Ẽ ᣢ ࡕࡢ⾲᫂ࠖ➼ࡢឤㅰࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ⓑ࡟ぢ࡚࡜ࢀࡿⓎヰࢆᣦࡍࠋࡉ ࡽ ࡟ ࠊឤ ㅰ ࡢ Ⓨ ヰ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡢ   ࢱ ࣮ ࣥ ࡀ ࠊఱ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ឤ ㅰ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ−37−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ࡢ ࠿ ࠊ ឤ ㅰ ࡢ ᑐ ㇟ ู ࡟ ศ 㢮 ࡋ ࡓ 㸦 ⾲  㸧ࠋ  ⾲ 㻟 㻌 ឤ ㅰ 䛾ᑐ ㇟ ู 䛻 䜏䜛䜰 䝑䝥䝅 䝣䝖 ᩘ 㻌ឤ ㅰ 䛾ᑐ ㇟ 㻌ឤ ㅰ 䛾 Ⓨ ヰ 䝍 䞊䞁 ᩘ 㻌 䜰䝑䝥䝅䝣䝖⏕ ㉳ ᩘ 㻌ே 䜢⤂ ௓ 䛧 䛶 䜒 䜙 䛖 㻌㻡 㻤㻌㻤㻌䛚䜏䜔䛢 ≀ 䜢䜒䜙䛖 㻌㻝㻝㻣㻌㻡㻌ㅮ ⩏ せ 㡯 䜢 ぢ 䛫䛶䜒 䜙䛖 㻌㻥㻌㻜㻌䛿䛢䜎䛧 䛾ゝ ⴥ 㻌㻞㻌㻜㻌ィ ⏬ 䛻 ᑐ 䛩䜛䜋 䜑 ゝ ⴥ 㻌㻝㻌㻜㻌㞄 䛾ᖍ 䛻䛩䜟䜙 䛫䛶䜒䜙䛖 㻌
㻝㻌
㻜㻌
ྜィ㻌
㻝 㻤 㻤㻌㻝 㻟㻌࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡀ⌧ࢀࡓឤㅰᑐ㇟ࡣࡑࡢࡍ࡭࡚ࡀࠕேࢆ⤂௓ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠖࡇ࡜࡜ࠕ࠾ࡳ ࡸ ࡆ ≀ ࢆ ࡶ ࡽ ࠺ ࠖࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋࠕ ㅮ ⩏ せ 㡯 ࢆ ぢ ࡏ ࡚ ࡶ ࡽ ࠺ ࠖࡇ ࡜ ࡬ ࡢ ឤ ㅰ ࡣ  ࢱ ࣮ࣥ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࡀ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡣ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ௚ ࡟ ࠊࠕ ࡣ ࡆ ࡲ ࡋ ࡢ ゝ ⴥ ࠖ࡬ ࡢ ឤ ㅰ ࡜ࠕ ィ⏬ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ࡯ ࡵ ゝ ⴥ ࠖ࡬ ࡢ ឤ ㅰ ࠊࠕ 㞄 ࡢ ᖍ ࡟ ᗙ ࡽ ࡏ ࡚ ࡶ ࡽ ࠺ ࠖࡇ ࡜ ࡬ ࡢ ឤ ㅰ ࡢ Ⓨ ヰ ࡀ ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡣࡳࡽࢀࡎࠊࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢሙࡢ⾜ື࡛≀ࢆぢࡏ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ẚ㍑ⓗ㍍࠸ᜠᜨ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡀࡳࡽࢀࡎࠊேࡢ⤂௓࡞࡝ࡢ௨๓࡟ཷࡅࡓᜠᜨࡸ」ᩘࡢࢱ࣮ࣥ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ឤㅰࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᜠᜨࡢᗘྜ࠸ࡢ㔜࠸ᑐ㇟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
 」ᩘࡢࢱ࣮ࣥ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ឤㅰࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊࡑࡇ࡟࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ඾ᆺⓗ࡞ࣃࢱ ࣮ ࣥ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ఍ ヰ ౛ 㸯 ࢆ ᣲ ࡆ ࡿ ࠋ - 1   ࡣ   ⾜ ┠ ࡛ ࠕ ࠶ ࡾ ࡀ ࡜ ࠺ ࠖ ࡜ ゝ ࡗ ࡓ ᚋ ࡛ ࠊ 
⾜ ┠ ࡛ ࠕ ࠶ ࡾ ࡀ ࡜ ࠺ ࡈ ࡊ ࠸ ࡲ ࡍ ࠖ ࡜ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡋ ࠊ   ⾜ ┠ ࡛ ࠕ ࠶ ࡾ ࡀ ࡜ ࠺ ࠖࠊ   ⾜┠࡛ࠕࡳࢇ࡞࡛㣗࡭ࡿࢃᐙ᪘࡛ࠖ࡜ᬑ㏻య࡟ࡶ࡝ࡿࠋʨ ճ ࿫ ྭ ̏ @ -1 ʁ Ͳ ɾ ͍ ͨ ͑ ͫ ͨ ͑ ͫ ɾ ͳ Ε ͍ ͓ ͥ ɾ ͍ ͹ Ή ͍ ͕ ՝ ࢢ Ͳ ɾ Ή ͍ ɾ ΁ ͮ ͬ Ύ ͜౨‫Ͳښ‬΍ഛ͓ΖΞͫ͜ʹɾ͍͹ɾണ͹݆ͮͱ͏͑͹࣍ͮͱ͖ͪ͘Δ -1 ʁ ͍ ɾ ͍ Ε ͗ ͳ ͑  ʴ ‫ ״‬ः ʵ  -1 ʁ Ҳ Ԣ Ά Δ Ά Δ ͕ ੊ ࿫ Ͷ ͵ ͮ ͱ Ζ Ξ Ͳ   -1  ʁ ͍ ɾ Ά Ξ ͳ Ͷ ʃ ͍ Ε ͗ ͳ ͑ ͟ ͡ ʨ ͏ Ή ͤ  ʴ ‫ ״‬ः ʵ ʽ ͕ ࣛ ٓ ʾ  -1 ʁ               ʨ ͧ ͽ ͧ ͽ  -1 ʁ ͍ Ε ͗ ͳ ͑  ʴ ‫ ״‬ः ʵ  -1 ʁ ͏ Ώ ͏ Ώ ͏ Ώ  -1 ʁ Ί Ξ ͵ Ͳ ৱ ΄ Ζ Κ ɾ Պ ଔ Ͳ  ʴ ཤ ӻ ಼ ༲ ͹ ໎ ࣖ ʵ  -1 ʁ ͍ ʖ Γ Θ ͢ ͚ ɾ ͑ Ξ ͑ Ξ  -1 ʁ Ό ͮ ͬ Ύ ͢ Ύ ΄ Ε ͪ ͏ Ξ ͫ ͜ ʹ ͠ ʁ ɾ ས र ౌ ࿧ Ͳ ร ߍ ͢ ͪ ͏ ͹ ͗ ͍ ͮ ͱ ʁྠ ㄪ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡢ ౛ ࡣ ఍ ヰ ౛  ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ⾜ ┠ ࡛ - 1   ࡀࠕ ࠺ ࢇ  ࡯ ࢇ ࡜ ࠶ ࡾ ࡀ ࡜ ࠺ ࠖ ࡜
ᬑ ㏻ య ࡛ ឤ ㅰ ࡋ ࠊ- 1   ࡶࠕ ࡔ ࠸ ࡌ ࡻ ࡪ ࡔ ࠸ ࡌ ࡻ ࡪ  ࡼ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡼ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࠖ࡜ ᬑ ㏻ య ࡛ ᛂ−38−感謝のやりとりに現れるアップシフト―フッティングと同調シフトを中心に―ࡌ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊ ⾜ ┠ ࡛ -1 ࡀࠕ ࡯ ࢇ ࡜ ࡟ ࠾ ヰ ࡋ ⪺ ࡅ ࢇ ࡢ ࠶ ࡾ ࡀ ࡓ ࠸ ࠿ ࡽ㸦 ࠺ ࢇ 㸧 ࡯ ࢇ ࡜࡟ ࠺ ࢀ ࡋ ࠸  ࡯ ࢇ ࡜  ࠶ ࡾ ࡀ ࡜ ࠺ ࡈ ࡊ ࠸ ࡲ ࡋ ࡓ ࠖ࡜ ឤ ㅰ ⾲ ᫂ ࡀ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡜ ࠊ- 1   ࡶࠕ ࡔ ࠸ ࡌ ࡻ ࡪ ࡛ ࡍ ࠖ࡜ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡛ ᛂ ࡌ ࡿ ࠋ┤ ᚋ ࡢ  ⾜ ┠ ࡛ ࡣ ᮾ ி ࡢ ࡃ ࡔ ࡅࡓཱྀㄒࡢᩥᮎ⾲⌧ࠕࡉࠖࡸࠕࡌࡷࢇࠖ࠿ࡽࡶศ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᬑ㏻య࡛࢝ࢪࣗ࢔ࣝ࡞ࢫࢱ
࢖ࣝ࡟ᡠࡉࢀࡿࠋ
>ճ ࿫ ྭ ̐ @ 
 -1   -1  
 -1  ͪ -1  
 -1   -1  
 -1    -1  -1   -1  
 -1  ͕ͺΓʁ͕ͺΓʁɾͽ͢͠΁Εͽ ͠ ͢ ΁ Ε  ͵ Ξ ͖ ͠ ʁɾ͞ ͹ Ή ͓ ͬ Β ͑ ʹ ͠  ࠦ ౽ ͠ Ξ ͖ Δ ࿊ ཙ ͏ͫ͏ͱ͠ ࠕౕҲյͨ͹म‫׈‬͹૮஌Ͳճ͑͞ͳͶ͵͖ͮͪΔ͠ʁ
Γ͖ͮͪʁ
͑Ξ ΆΞͳ͍Ε͗ͳ͑ ʴ‫״‬ःʵͫ͏ͣΒ΁ͫ͏ͣΒ΁ Γ͖ͮͪΓ͖ͮͪΆ Ξ ͳ Ͷ ͕ ࿫ ͢ ซ ͜ Ξ ͹ ͍ Ε ͗ ͪ ͏ ͖ Δʤ ͑ Ξ ʥ Ά Ξ ͳ Ͷ ͑ Η ͢ ͏ ΆΞͳ ͍Ε͗ͳ͑͟͡͏Ήͪ͢ ʴཤӻ಼༲ʶ‫ͬ࣍ـ‬ʶ‫״‬ःʵͫ͏ͣΒ΁Ͳͤ
ࠕౕ΍͑τηφͲ͠ɾͨΗशΚͮͪΔՈ‫ٵ‬ΊͣΎΞΆΞͳ‫͵͏͢ذ‬Ո‫ٵ‬Ί͵ͶͤΖʁʃ

௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡀฟ⌧ࡍࡿ఍ヰ࡛ࡣࠊᬑ㏻య࡛㛤ጞࡉࢀࡓ఍ヰࡢὶࢀ࡛ ᭱ ึ ࡢ ឤ ㅰ ࡢ Ⓨ ヰ ࡣ ᬑ ㏻ య ࡛ ⾜ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊ ᗘ ࠊ ᗘ ࡜ ឤ ㅰ ⾲ ᫂ ࡢ ࢱ ࣮ ࣥ ࡀ ⥆ ࡃ ࠺ ࡕ࡟࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡋࠊឤㅰࡢㄯヰࡀ⤊஢ࡍࡿⓎヰࡸࡑࡢ┤๓࡛ᬑ㏻య࡟ᡠࡉࢀ࡚఍ヰࢆ⤊஢ࡍࡿᒎ㛤ࡀ඾ᆺⓗ࡟ࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ
 ཭ ே ྠ ኈ ࡢ ぶ ࡋ ࠸ 㛵 ಀ ࡢ ឤ ㅰ ࡢ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡟ ࡣ ࡝ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᑐ ே ㄪ ᩚ ᶵ ⬟ ࡀ ࠶ࡿ࠿ ឤㅰࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾ࡟ࡳࡽࢀࡿ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡢᶵ⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࡲࡎឤㅰ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ Ⓨ ヰ ⾜ Ⅽ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ᣺ ࡾ ㏉ ࡿ ࠋ 2 K D V K L    ࡣ * RI I PD Q 㸦    㸧 ࡢ ࣇ ࢙ ࢖ ࢫ ࣡ ࣮ࢡ ࢆ ᥼ ⏝ ࡋ 㸪ࠕ ឤ ㅰ ̿ ྰ ᐃ 㸦 ࠶ ࡾ ࡀ ࡜ ࠺ ̿ ࠸ ࠼ ࠸ ࠼ 㸧ࠖ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ Ⓨ ヰ 㐃 㙐 ࠿ ࡽ ឤ ㅰ ࡣ ࢩ ࣮ࢯ࣮ࡢࡼ࠺࡟┦஫࡟ᜠᜨࡢ㔜ࡉࢆㄪᩚࡋࠊ㈚ࡋ೉ࡾࡢ୙ᆒ⾮ࢆ㍍ῶࡍࡿⓎヰ⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࠋゝ࠸᥮࠼ࢀࡤᜠᜨࡢཷࡅᡭࡀឤㅰࡢࡇ࡜ࡤ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚೉ࡾࢆᇙࡵྜࢃࡏࠊࣂࣛ ࣥ ࢫ ࢆ ࡜ ࡿ Ⓨ ヰ ⾜ Ⅽ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸦 ᅗ  㸧ࠋᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࠿ ࡽ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ࠊ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ୎ᑀయ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡶ㔜࠸೉ࡾࢆ㏉ࡍ᪉␎࡜ࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࡞ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ



−39−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）эਦ 䛒䜚䛜䛸䛖䛤
䛦䛔䜎䛩ୁ͢ईΕ͹෈‫ߩۋ‬Νܲ‫ͤݰ‬Ζ‫״‬ःࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊᜠᜨࢆ୚࠼ࡿഃࠊࡘࡲࡾឤㅰࡉࢀࡿഃࡀ㈚ࡋࡢ࠶ࡿୖࡢ❧ሙ࡟❧ࡘࡇ࡜࡟ࡶ࡞ࡾࠊឤㅰࡍࡿഃ࠿ࡽࡢ୎ᑀయ࡬ࡢ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚཭ேྠኈࡢྠ➼㛵ಀࡶྠ᫬࡟ࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆኻ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢྠ➼㛵ಀࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࡢㄪᩚࡢࡓࡵ࡟ྠㄪࢩࣇ ࢺ ࡀ ᶵ ⬟ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ㸦 ᅗ  㸧ࠋ ࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ ࠊឤ ㅰ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ഃ ࡀ ྠ ㄪ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࢆ ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྠ➼㛵ಀࡀ࿊♧ࡉࢀࠊឤㅰㄯヰࡀ⤊஢ࡍࡿ┤๓ࡲࡓࡣ┤ᚋ࡟ᬑ㏻య࡟
ᡠࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊぶࡋ࠸཭ே࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ෌ࡧ᫂♧ࡉࢀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡿࠋ

䛰䛔䛨䜗䜆䛷䛩

䛒䜚䛜䛸䛖
䛦䛔䜎䛩

э 

ਦ̐

༓ਕಋ࢞͹ಋ౵‫ܐؖ‬Ν௒੖ͤΖಋ௒εϓφࡶ࠺୍ᗘࠊ఍ヰ౛㸰ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊ ⾜┠࠿ࡽጞࡲࡗࡓឤㅰࡢࡸࡾྲྀࡾࡣ  ⾜┠ࡢ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚཭ேྠኈࡢྠ➼㛵ಀࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆኻ࠺ࡀࠊ┦ᡭࡢྠㄪࡢ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺ㸦 ⾜┠㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ྠ➼㛵ಀࡀㄪᩚࡉࢀಖࡓࢀࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋឤㅰࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡀ⤊஢ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ᪂ ࡓ ࡞ ヰ 㢟 ࡛ ࡣࠕ ࢸ ࢫ ࢺ ࡛ ࡉ ࠖࠕ ኟ ఇ ࡳ ࡌ ࡷ ࢇ ࠖ࡜ ࢝ ࢪ ࣗ ࢔ ࣝ ࡞ ࢫ ࢱ ࢖ ࣝ ࡛ ぶ ࡋࡉࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ឤ ㅰ ࡢ ࡸ ࡾ ࡜ ࡾ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡣ * R I I P D Q 㸦   㸧 ࡀ ㏙ ࡭ ࡓ ࣇ ࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡢኚ໬࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࣇࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࡜ࡣ௚⪅࡟ᢞᫎࡉࢀࡿ⮬ᕫࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡛ࠊ௚⪅ࡀ⮬ᕫ࡟࠶࡚ࡣࡵࡿㄆ▱ᯟ⤌ࡳࢆࣇࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡢኚ໬࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚᧯సࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ௚⪅࡬ࡢ⮬ᕫ࿊♧࡜࠸࠺ࠋࣇࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡢኚ໬ࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕࢥ
࣮ࢻࡢኚ໬ࢆక࠺ࠖ
㸦 * R I I P DQ   㸸    㸧ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡶ ᪥ ᖖ ⓗ࡞཭ே㛵ಀ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃឤㅰࡍࡿ⪅࣭ឤㅰࡉࢀࡿ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࣇࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋྠ➼㛵ಀࡢࣇࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࠿ࡽ┠ୖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞୎ᑀ࡞ࣇࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ ࡟ ኚ ໬ ࡍ ࡿ ⮬ ᕫ ࿊ ♧ ࡣ ࠊ఍ ヰ ౛ 㸯 ࡛ ࡣ ࠾ ㎡ ൤㸦   ⾜ ┠ 㸧 ࡢ ጼ ໃ ࡀ ࡳ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࠿ ࡽࡶ᫂ⓑ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

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感謝のやりとりに現れるアップシフト―フッティングと同調シフトを中心に―㸳㸬⤖ㄽ࣮ࣟࣝࣉࣞ࢖࡟ࡼࡿ㝈ࡽࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ཭ேྠኈࡢឤㅰሙ㠃ࡢ఍ヰ࡟࠾࠸࡚ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡢ ฟ ⌧ ⋡ ࡣ   㸣 ࡜ 㐣 ༙ ᩘ ࢆ ㉸ ࠼ ࠊ≉ Ṧ ࡞ ஦ ౛ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ≉࡟」ᩘࡢࢱ࣮ࣥ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ឤㅰࢆ⾜࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ẚ㍑ⓗ㔜࠸ᜠᜨ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࢔ࢵ
ࣉࢩࣇࢺࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ឤㅰࡢ኱ࡁࡉࢆ♧ࡋࠊឤㅰࡢⓎヰ⾜Ⅽࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢥ࣮ࢻࢆኚ ࠼ ࠊࣇ ࢵ ࢸ ࢕ ࣥ ࢢ ࡢ ኚ ໬ ࠊࡍ ࡞ ࢃ ࡕ ࠊឤ ㅰ ࡍ ࡿ  ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ⪅ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ⮬ ᕫ ࿊ ♧ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋឤㅰࡉࢀࡿഃࡀྠㄪࢩࣇࢺࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡸࠊ఍ヰ⤊஢ࡲ࡛࡟ᬑ㏻య࡟ᡠࡍࡇ࡜
࡛ࠊ཭ேྠኈࡢྠ➼㛵ಀ࡜ぶᐦࡉࢆᨵࡵ࡚᫂♧ࡋ࠶࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟
࢔ࢵࣉࢩࣇࢺࡣឤㅰ࡜࠸࠺Ⓨヰ⾜Ⅽࡢ㐙⾜࡜ేࡏ࡚ឤㅰㄯヰ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑐே㛵ಀࡢㄪᩚ࡟᭷ຠ࡟ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋཧ↷ᩥ⊩Be u ckman n , F. an d M o ri, K . 201 8. “An aly s i s o f Sp e e ch Le v e l in Jap an e se : Po w e r
an d R an k o f I m p o si t io n o n R e qu e s t, I n v i tat io n , an d A p o lo g y be tw e e n C lo se
Par ticip ant s” The Jap anese Journal of Lan guage Society, 2 1( 1) ,2 55-23 8.
༓ ࠎ ᒾ ᏹ ᫭ .20 16.ࠕ ࢫ ࣆ ࣮ ࢳ ࢫ ࢱ ࢖ ࣝ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡢ ఍ ヰ ศ ᯒ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ ◊ ✲ : ᪥ ᮏ ㄒࡢ 㞧 ㄯ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ཯ ᛂ せ ồ ࡢ ᢏ ἲ ࠖࠗ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࣭ ᪥ ᮏ ᩥ ໬ ◊ ✲ ࠘ 26, 11 5 - 126.
Co o k, H. M. 20 08a . Social izing Identi tie s through Speech Sty le: Learner s ofJapanese as a Foreig n Language. : Mu lti lin g u al M at te rs.
Co o k, H. M. 2 00 8b. St y le Sh if t s in J ap an e se Acad e m i c Co n su l ta tio n . I n J. K im be r ly
& T. O n o ( e d s .) , Styl e Shifting in J apane se. 9- 38. Am ste rd a m/ Ph il ad e lp h ia:
Jo h n B e n j amin s .
G o f f m an , E. 1 98 1. Forms of Talk .㸸 U n iv e r si ty o f Pe n n sy lv an ia Pr e ssᕷ ཎ ᫂ ᪥ 㤶 .20 20.ࠕ ᚋ ᪥ ෌ ఍ ࡋ ࡓ ሙ 㠃 ࡛ ࡢ ෌ ឤ ㅰ ࡢ ᶵ ⬟ ̿ ㄯ ヰ ᒎ 㛤 ࡜ ឤ ㅰ ࢫ ࢺ ࣛ ࢸ ࢪ࣮ ࡢ ᪥ ୰ ᑐ ↷ ศ ᯒ ࠿ ࡽ ̿ ࠖ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ Ꮫ ఍ ➨ 22 ᅇ ኱ ఍ Ⓨ ⾲ ㄽ ᩥ 㞟 ( 15) 1-8⏕ ⏣ ᑡ Ꮚ ࣭ ஭ ฟ ⚈ Ꮚ . 1 983. ࠕ ♫ ఍ ゝ ㄒ Ꮫ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ㄯ ヰ ◊ ✲ ࠖࠗ ᭶ ห ゝ ㄒ ࠘ , 12( 1 2) , 7784.㸸 ኱ ಟ 㤋 ᭩ ᗑ
Lo ch e r, M.A. 20 04. Po wer and Politeness in Action: Di sagre ements in Oral
Communication ,8 9- 90 . Wal te r d e G ru y te r.
୕ ∾ 㝧 Ꮚ .2 00 2. ࠕ ᚅ 㐝 ࣞ ࣋ ࣝ ⟶ ⌮ ࠿ ࡽ ࡳ ࡓ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ẕ ㄒ ヰ ⪅ 㛫 ࡢ ࣏ ࣛ ࢖ ࢺ ࢿ ࢫ ⾲ ♧ ̿ ึᑐ 㠃 ఍ ヰ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࠗ ♫ ఍ ⓗ つ ⠊ ࠘ ࡜ ࠗ ಶ ே ࡢ ࢫ ࢺ ࣛ ࢸ ࢪ ࣮ ࠘ ࢆ ୰ ᚰ ࡟ ̿ ࠖࠗ ♫ ఍ ゝㄒ ⛉ Ꮫ ࠘ , 5 ( 1) , 56-7 4.
す 㜰 ௮ .200 7. ࠕ ⾜ Ⅽ 㐃 㙐 ࡢ ୰ ࡢ ᩗ య ࡜ ᖖ య ࠖࠗ ᫂ ἞ Ꮫ 㝔 ኱ Ꮫ ኱ Ꮫ 㝔 ♫ ఍ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ⛉ ⣖ せ ࠘
31, 55-7 8.
Oh ash i, Ju n . ( 201 3). Than king and Pol iteness in Jap anese B alancing Acts inInteraction , Lo ndo n : Palg r av e M acmil lan.
ᔱ ཎ ⪔ ୍ .201 4. ࠕ ẕ ㄒ ሙ 㠃 ཬ ࡧ ᥋ ゐ ሙ 㠃 ࡢ ྠ ➼ ึ ᑐ 㠃 ఍ ヰ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡟ ࡘ࠸ ࡚ ࠖࠗ ♫ ఍ ゝ ㄒ ⛉ Ꮫ ࠘㸦 16 㸧 2. 66- 74⏦ ፾ ၿ .200 7. ࠕ ┦ ஫ ⾜ Ⅽ ࠿ ࡽ ࡳ ࡓ ࢫ ࣆ ࣮ ࢳ ࢫ ࢱ ࢖ ࣝ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ̿ ⪺ ࡁ ᡭ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ࠗ ྠ ㄪ ࠘ ࡟╔ ┠ ࡋ ࡚ ̿ ࠖࠗ ⟃ Ἴ ᛂ ⏝ ゝ ㄒ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ࠘ 14, 59- 72.
㧘 ᐑ ඃ ⨾ .201 7. ࠕ ᬑ ㏻ య ࢆ ᇶ ㄪ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓ ⮬ ↛ ㄯ ヰ ࡟ ⌧ ࢀ ࡿ ୎ ᑀ య ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ̿ ୙ ‶ ࢆ ⾲ ᫂ࡍ ࡿ 㝿 ࡢ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ࡟ ╔ ┠ ࡋ ࡚ ̿ ࠖࠗ ࡇ ࡜ ࡤ ࠘ 3 8, 63-8 2.
Ᏹ బ ⨾ ࡲ ࡺ ࡳ . 19 95. ࠕ ㄯ ヰ ࣞ ࣋ ࣝ ࠿ ࡽ ぢ ࡓ ᩗ ㄒ ౑ ⏝ : ࢫ ࣆ ࣮ ࢳ ࣞ ࣋ ࣝ ࢩ ࣇ ࢺ ⏕ ㉳ ࡢ ᮲௳ ࡜ ᶵ ⬟ ࠖࠗ Ꮫ ⱌ ࠘ 66 2 .᫛ ࿴ ዪ Ꮚ ኱ Ꮫ ㏆ ௦ ᩥ ໬ ◊ ✲ ᡤ : 27- 4 2.

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日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）    
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−42−

口語英語に見られるfor sure の分析―位置と機能に着目して―

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−43−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

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E ຌ ౲ Ͷ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ͫ Γ ͖ Δ  ͺ ɼʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱͳʰ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʱ͗ ‫ ܙ‬༲ ಊ ࢼ ͹ श ࢯ ‫ ޢ ༽ ׈ ܙ‬ඎʰ ͫ ʱΏ ࿊ ର ‫׈ ܙ‬༽‫ޢ‬ඎʰ͵ʱͶંକ͢ͱ͏ΖྭͲ͍Ζɽ͞ΗΔͺͤ΄ͱɼ‫ܙ‬༲ಊࢼͳ͢ͱ͹ಝ௅ͳ߻஗ͤΖ͹Ͳɼʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱ΍ʰ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʱ΍ ‫ ܙ‬༲ ಊ ࢼ ͳ ͢ ͱ ͹ ༽ ๑ ΍ ༙ ͤ Ζ ɽ͞ ͹ ఼ Ͳ ɼ౹‫ ޢ‬ద Ͷ ΍ ྪ ࣇ ͢ ͱ ͏ Ζ ͳ ͏ ͓ Ζ ʤ FI ߁ ࣛ ԕ ୊ ࣥ ൝ ɼ ୉ ໼  ଠ ʥɽ  ஌ ࿫ ద ྪ ࣇ ੓ D߀ ͦ ͨ ͑ Ͳ Ϝ ζ მ ͫ ͸ ̉ D‫ ؾ‬Ε ͹ ॎ ଼ Ϝ ζ მ ͫ Γ ɽ EEϟ΢έ৏घ͚͏͖͵͚ͱͿ͓Ξͫ͸͕ ‫ ן‬ৱ ΄ ͪ ͖ Δ ΍ ͑ ৺ Ή ͤ ʞ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ͫ Γ ኏ ੋ  ͵ ʹ Ͷ Γ Ζ ͳ ɼʰ ͸ ʱ Ώ ʰ Γ ʱ ͺ ซ ͘ घ ࢦ ޴ ͹ श ঁ ࢼ Ͳ ͍ Ζ ɽ  ͹ ৖ ߻ ɼशঁࢼʰ͸ʱ͗ྈන‫ݳ‬͹शࢯ‫ܙ‬Ͷକ͏ͱ͏Ζ͗ɼ͞Ηͺ࿫ं͹қ‫ݡ‬Ͷଲ͢ͱซ͘घͶಋ қ Ν ଇ ͤ Γ ͑ ͵ ༽ ๑ Ͳ ͍ Ζ ɽ  ͹ श ঁ ࢼ ʰ Γ ʱ ͺ ɼ ซ ͘ घ Ͷ ͳ ͮ ͱ າ எ ͫ ͳ ࢧ Κ−75−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

ΗΖ৚ๅΝఽୣͤΖࡏͶ༽͏ΔΗΖɽ͞ΗΔ͹ช๑੓͖Δɼྈන‫ͳݳ‬΍Ͷซ͘घ͹ଚࡑΝ઴఑ͳͪ͢න‫͍Ͳݳ‬Ζͳ͏఼͑Ͳྪࣇ͢ͱ͏Ζɽ  ૮ ҩ ఼   ઇ͹ߡࡱ͖Δɼྈන‫ݳ‬ͺҲ‫ݡ‬ɼྪࣇͪ͢‫ޢݶ‬න‫͍Ͳݳ‬Ζͳ༩଎Ͳ͘Ζ͖΍͢Η͵͏ ɽ͢ ͖ ͢ ɼҐ Ծ Ͷ ࣖ ͤ Γ ͑ Ͷ ૮ ҩ ఼ ΍ ଚ ࡑ ͤ Ζ ɽҐ Ծ Ͳ ͺ ɼช ຼ ғ ଚ ౕ ɼқ ັ ો ੓ ɼ؉ ࿪ KHGJH ͹  ఼ Ͷ ͯ ͏ ͱ ɼ ྈ න ‫ ݳ‬͹ ಝ ੓ ͹ ҩ ͏ Ν ߡ ࡱ ͤ Ζ ɽ  ช ຼ ͹ ғ ଚ ౕ   D Ϝ ζ მ ɽ E Ϳ ͓ Ξ ɽ  ͹ Γ ͑ Ͷ ช ຼ ͗ ͵ ͏ ৖ ߻ ͺ մ ए Ͷ ࠫ ͗ ਫ਼ ͣ Ζ ɽ
ʰ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʱͺʰ ൷ ͢ ͠ ʱ΍ ͢ ͚ ͺʰ ‫ذ‬͢ ͠ ʱΝ න ͢ ͱ ͏ Ζ ͳ ༩ ଎ Ͳ ͘ Ζ Ҳ ๏ ɼ
ʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱ͹ ਜ਼ ֮ ͵ մ ए Ͷ ḹ Ε ஥ ͚ ͹ ͺ ࠖ ೋ Ͳ͍ Ζʤ ޽ ౽   ʥɽ͞ Η ͺ ɼྈ න ‫ ݳ‬͹ ‫ ޢ‬ኰ қ ັ Ͷ ؒ ‫ ͠ ݫ‬Η Ζ ɽ઎ Ͷ फ़ ΄ ͪ Γ ͑ Ͷ ɼ
ʰ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʱͺʰ ‫ ͚ ٿ‬ʱͳ ͏ ͑ ߨ ҟ ͹ Ψ ό Ϝ φ Ϙ ͵ ͹ Ͳ ɼͨ ͹ ߨ ҟ Ͷ ‫ ؖ‬࿊ ෉ ͜ Δ Η Ζʰ ൷͢͠ʱ΍͚͢ͺʰ‫͢͠ذ‬ʱ͹͏ͥΗ͖Ͷ‫ݸ‬ఈ͠ΗΖɽͪ͗ͮ͢ͱɼ൅࿫͹қਦΝਬ଎ͤΖ͞ͳͺർֳద༲ҝͲ͍ΖɽҲ๏ʰმʱͺ‫ݫ‬ʓɼ࣋Ӆ౵Νනͤ‫͍Ͳߺى‬Εɼ‫״‬৚Νఽ ୣ ͤ Ζ ͪ Ό ͹ ‫ ޢ ݶ‬න ‫ Ͳ ݳ‬ͺ ͵ ͏ ɽ ͯ Ή Ε ɼ ऑ ं ͞ ͳ ͻ ͳ ͢ ͱ ͹ ʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱ ͺ ɼʰ მ ʱ͹‫ݬ‬ٝ͗մएͶΉ͚ͮͪൕӫ͠Ηͱ͕Δͥɼซ͘घͶ୉͘͵ਬ࿨͹ෝ୴Ν‫͗͵͏ک‬Δ
༽ ͏ Δ Η Ζ ಝ ҡ ͵ න ‫ ͍ Ͳ ݳ‬Ζʤ ޽ ౽ E ʥɽ͵ ͕ ɼ‫ ݳ‬େ ༽ ‫ ޢ‬͹ ‫ ે خ‬எ ࣟ  Ͷ ͺʰ ຌ ౲ Ͷ ɼຌ ‫ Ͳ ـ‬ɼΏ Ζ ‫ ـ‬ຮ ʓ ɼ৏ ౵ ͫ ɼ‫ ʹ ͵ ͑ ͨ ک‬ɽϜ ζ მ ͺ მ ͹ ‫ ک‬௒ ‫ ܙ‬ɽʱͳఈٝ͠Ηͱ͏Ζ͗ɼ৏‫Ͳى‬ΊͪʰϜζმʱ͹ྭ͹қັͺɼ͞͹ఈٝͶͺ౲ͱͺΉΔ͵͏ ɽ͞ ͹ ͞ ͳ ͖ Δ ΍ ɼʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱͺ ଡ ༹ ͵ մ ए ͹ Ն ೵ ੓ Ν ‫ ؜‬Ξ Ͳ ͏ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͗ ͑ ͖ ͗ ͓ Ζ ɽ  ͵͕ɼຌཔͺ‫ޢݶ‬దқັΝ࣍ͪ͵͏ʰმʱͳ͏͑‫ߺى‬Ν‫ޢݶ‬න‫͏༽ͱ͢ͳݳ‬Ζ͞ͳͶ Γ Ε ɼࣙ क ‫ و‬੏ Խ ͳ ಋ ౵ ͹ ‫ ؽ‬೵ Ν Վ ͪ ͤ ͞ ͳ Ͷ ͵ Ζ ɽͨ ͹ ݃ Վ ɼซ ͘ घ ͺʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱ͹‫ޢ‬ኰқັద͵घ͖͗Ε͗Ҳ઀͵͏য়ସͲɼชຼ͹Ί͖Δన઀͵մएΝਬ଎ͤΖ͞ͳΝ ‫ ͏ ک‬Δ Η Ζ ɽͯ Ή Ε ɼ
ʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱ͹ న ઀ ͵ մ ए Ν ಚ Ζ Ͷ ͺ ɼช ຼ Ώ য় ‫ ڱ‬Ͷ ୉ ͘ ͚ ғ ଚͤΖͳ͏͓Ζɽ қ ັ ો ੓  ͹ ߡ ࡱ Ν қ ັ ો ੓ ͹ ؏ ఼ ͖ Δ ଌ ͓ ௜ ͤ ͳ ɼ න  ͹ Γ ͑ Ͷ Ή ͳ Ό Δ Η Ζ ɽ −76−言語使用の三層モデルからみる「マジ卍」と「ぴえん」の語用論的機能

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ʰ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʱ͹ қ ັ Ν எ ͮ ͱ ͏ Ζ Ͷ ΍ ͖ ͖ Κ Δ
ͥ ɼ % ͹ Γ ͑ Ͷ ซ ͘ ศ ͤ ͞ ͳ ͺ Ͳ ͘ ͵ ͏ ɽ ͨ ͹ ৄ ‫ ڎ‬Ͷ ɼ $ ͺ ʰʰ ʹ ͑ ͏ ͑ қ ັ ʃ ʱͮͱʹ͑͏͑қັʃʱͳ໲͏ศͤ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζɽ  ؉ ࿪ ͹ ν ΢ ϕ   D ͕ ‫ ͬ ܓ‬Ύ Ξ Ͷ ཀྵ ෈ ਜ ͵ ͞ ͳ ‫ ݶ‬Κ Η ͪ Ξ ͫ ͜ ʹ ɽʪ Ϝ ζ ΋ ͖ ͯ ͚ ʙ Ϝ ζ მ ʫɽ ʤ ޽ ౽  D ʥE ͍ ͏ ͯ ɼ ࢴ ͹ ඁ ື Ν ͻ Δ ͢ Ώ ͗ ͮ ͪ ʪ Ϝ ζ ΋ ͖ ͯ ͚ ʙ Ϝ ζ მ ʙ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʫ  .XGR WRDSSHDU D ͹ ‫ ޛ‬ൔ ෨ʰ Ϝ ζ ΋ ͖ ͯ ͚ ʱͳ ͏ ͑ ൅ ‫ ݶ‬ͺ ɼ࿫ ं ͹ ‫ ״‬৚ ͗ ΋ ͘ ड़ ͢ Ͳ ࿒ ࠐ ͵ һ ে Ν༫͓Ζɽͨ͹ͪΌɼ࿫͢घͶଲͤΖซ͘घ͹ৼেͺѳ͚͵ΖՆ೵੓͍͗Εɼଲਕ‫ܐؖ‬Ͷ᫃᫡͗ਫ਼͖ͣ͸͵͏ɽҲ๏ɼซ͘घғଚౕ͗߶͏ʰϜζმʱͶ஖͘‫͓׷‬Ζͳɼ౲֚න‫ݳ‬͹‫ޢ‬ኰқັద͵ᐈຖ͠ͶΓͮͱɼซ͘घͶਬ࿨͹༪ஏΝ༫͓Ζɽͨ͹݃Վɼซ͘घͺ࿫͢घ͹໎֮͵қਦΝཀྵմͤΖ͞ͳͺͲ͘͵͏͵͗Δ΍ɼชຼ͖Δ൳ఈద͵಼༲Ν फ़ ΄ ͱ ͏ Ζ ͳ ਬ ଎ Ͳ ͘ Ζ ɽ‫ ͓ ׷ ͏ ݶ‬Ζ ͳ ɼซ ͘ घ Ͷ ͍ ͓ ͱ ਬ ࿨ ͹ ෝ ୴ Ν ՟ ͤ ͞ ͳ Ͳ ɼ࿫͢घͺʰϜζ΋͖͚ͯʱͳ͏͑࿒ࠐ͵න‫ݳ‬Ν൅͢ͱɼϛζτΡϔʀϓΥ΢η ͹‫ڶ‬ҘͶ͠Δ͠ΗΖ͞ͳΝյඈͯͯ͢ɼ୉Ή͖͵қਦΝซ͘घͶఽୣͤΖ͞ͳ͗ Ͳ͘Ζɽ͞͹ ྭ ͖ Δ ΍ ɼʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱ ͺ ಝ Ͷ ଲ ਕ ‫ ܐ ؖ‬Ͷ ഓ ྂ ͢ ͪ න ‫ ͍ Ͳ ݳ‬Ζ ͞ ͳ ͗ ෾ ͖ Ζ ɽ  Ҳ ๏ ɼ࿫ ं ͹ ౘ Ε Ν න ͤ E ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ช ຼ Ͳʰ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʱΝ ༽ ͏ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͺ Ͳ ͘ ͵ ͏ ɽ−77−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）͞Ηͺɼʰ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʱ͹ න ͤ ड़ པ ࣆ ͗ ൷ ͢ Ί Ώ ‫ ͍ Ͳ ; ج‬Ζ ͞ ͳ Ͷ ً Ҿ ͢ ͱ ͏ Ζ ɽͲ ͺ ɼʰͿ͓Ξʱ͹‫༽ޢ‬࿨దްՎͳͺʹ͹Γ͑͵΍͹Ͳ͍Θ͖͑ɽDࢴɼࡤೖஂਫ਼ೖͫͮͪ͹Ͷϟʖϩཔ͵͖ͮͪɽࠕɼͳͱ΍ͯΔ͏ɽͿ͓Ξ

Eஏ‫཯ݫ‬ΗͬΎ͖ͮͪΔऒ͚͢ͱࢰͶͨ͑Ϳ͓Ξʤ޽౽ ʥชຼΝߡྂ͢͵͜Ηͻɼʰ ͳ ͱ ΍ ͯ Δ ͏ ʱΏʰ ࢰ Ͷ ͨ ͑ ʱͳ ͏ ͮ ͪ න ‫ ݳ‬ͺ ɼ࿫ ͢ घ ͗ ૮౲਄ࠃ͵য়‫ڱ‬Ͷ͍Ζͳ͏͑һেΝ༫͓Ζɽͨ͞ͶʰͿ͓ΞʱΝ෉ՅͤΖ͞ͳͲɼԽӈద ͵ ौ Δ ͖ ͠ ΍ ૮ Ή ͮ ͱ ɼ਄ ࠃ ͠ Ν ؉ ࿪ ͤ Ζ ް Վ ͗ ਫ਼ Ή Η Ζ ɽՅ ͓ ͱ D Ͳ ͺ ɼֈ ช࣊ ͹ Ն Ѭ Δ ͢ ͠ ΍ ਄ ࠃ ͠ ͹ ؉ ࿪ Ͷ ߫ ‫ ͏ ͱ ͢ ݛ‬Ζ ɽ ͞ ͹ ਄ ࠃ ͠ ͹ ؉ ࿪ ͺ ɼ  ͹ ช ຼ ͖
Δ ʰ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʱ ͕ Γ ; ֈ ช ࣊ Ν ঴ ྲྀ ͢ ͪ  ͳ ർ ֳ ͤ Ζ ͳ ໎ ֮ Ͷ ͵ Ζ ɽDࢴɼࡤೖஂਫ਼ೖͫͮͪ͹Ͷϟʖϩཔ͵͖ͮͪɽࠕɼͳͱ΍ͯΔ͏ɽ

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͞͞ΉͲ͹٠࿨ΝΉͳΌΖͳҐԾ͹Γ͑Ͷ͵Ζɽ؉࿪͹ν΢ϕʰϜζმʱ

ʰͿ͓Ξʱ

ౘΕͶًҾͤΖߊܺ੓͹؉࿪൷͢͠ͶًҾͤΖ਄ࠃ͠͹؉࿪න ʁʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱ ͳ ʰ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʱ ͹ ؉ ࿪ ͹ ν ΢ ϕ ‫ ༽ ࢘ ޢ ݶ‬͹ ࢀ ૜ Ϡ υ ϩ ͖ Δ Ί ͪ ʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱ ͳ ʰ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʱ  +LURVHH   ɼ ኏ ੋ     ઇͲ໎Δ͖Ͷ͢ͱͪ͘ʰϜζმʱͳʰͿ͓Ξʱ͹૮ҩ఼Νઈ໎ͤΖࡏɼ኏ੋ͹Ҳ࿊ ͹ ‫ ڂ ݜ‬Ͷ ͕ ͜ Ζʰ ‫ ༽ ࢘ ޢ ݶ‬͹ ࢀ ૜ Ϡ υ ϩ ʱ͗ ࣖ ࠨ ద Ͳ ͍ Ζ ɽ኏ ੋ ͺ ɼ‫ ༽ ࢘ ޢ ݶ‬ͺʰ য়‫ ڱ‬೼ Ѵ ʱɼʰ য় ‫ ڱ‬ๅ ࠄ ʱɼʰ ଲ ਕ ‫ ܐ ؖ‬ʱ ͹  ͯ ͹ ૜ ͖ Δ ͵ Ε ɼ ‫ ޢ ݶ‬͹ ࣍ ͯ ࣙ ‫ ހ‬஦ ৼ ੓ ʤ ͯΉ Ε ໃ ඬ ͹ ௜ ࣖ ద ஦ ৼ ʥ ͗ ɼ ӵ ‫ ޢ‬͹ Γ ͑ Ͷ ʰ ޮ ద ࣙ ‫ ހ‬ʱɼ ͯ Ή Ε ఽ ୣ ͹ क ର Ͷ ͍ Ζ ͖ ɼೖ ຌ ‫ ޢ‬͹ Γ ͑ Ͷʰ ࢴ ద ࣙ ‫ ހ‬ʱɼͯ Ή Ε ࢧ ߡʀ қ ࣟ ͹ क ର Ͷ ͍ Ζ ͖ Ͷ Γ ͮ ͱ ɼ ͯ ͹ ૜ ͹−78−

言語使用の三層モデルからみる「マジ卍」と「ぴえん」の語用論的機能ૌ Ί ߻ Κ ͦ ͗ ҡ ͵ Ζ ͳ क ௃ ͢ ͱ ͏ Ζ ɽʤ ኏ ੋ   ʥ ৆ ࡋ ͵ ઈ ໎ ͺ ኏ ੋ  Ͷ ৣ Ζ ͳ ͢ ͱ ɼ͞ ͞ Ͳ ͺ ຌ ࿨ Ͷ ‫ ؖ‬Κ Ζ ֕ ೨ ͹ ؈ ୱ ͵ ઈ ໎ Ͷ ͳʹΌΖɽ˕
6 ͗නͤໃඬ͹௜ࣖద஦ৼ͗ޮదࣙ‫ހ‬Ͷ͍Ζ͹͗ӵ‫Ͳޢ‬ɼࢴదࣙ‫ހ‬Ͷ͍Ζ͹͗ ೖ ຌ ‫ ͍ Ͳ ޢ‬Ζ ɽয় ‫ ڱ‬೼ Ѵ ͺ ɼࢴ ద ࣙ ‫ ހ‬6 ͗ য় ‫ ڱ‬2 Ν մ ए ͢ ɼҲ ఈ ͹ ࢧ ͏ Ν ‫ ܙ‬੔ ͤ Ζ૜ ɼয় ‫ ڱ‬ๅ ࠄ ͺ ɼࢴ ద ࣙ ‫ ހ‬Ͷ Γ Ζ য় ‫ ڱ‬೼ Ѵ Ν ޮ ద ࣙ ‫ ހ‬6 ͗ ซ ͘ घ + Ͷ ఽ ୣ ͤ Ζ ૜ ɼͨ͢ͱଲਕ‫ܐؖ‬ͺɼޮదࣙ‫ ހ‬6 ͗ซ͘घͳ͹‫ܐؖ‬Νߡྂ͢ɼଲਕ௒ઇΝߨ͑૜Ͳ͍Ζɽਦ  ͹Γ͑Ͷ ɼӵ‫ Ͳޢ‬ͺয়‫ ڱ‬೼Ѵ ͳয় ‫ڱ‬ๅ ࠄ ͗Ҳର Կ͢ ɼͨ ΗͶ ଲ ਕ‫ ܐؖ‬͹૜ ͗෉ Յ͠ΗΖ‫ܐؖ‬Ͷ͵ΖɽҲ๏ɼਦ  ͹ೖຌ‫Ͳޢ‬ͺɼয়‫ڱ‬೼Ѵ͗য়‫ڱ‬ๅࠄ͕Γ;ଲਕ‫͖ܐؖ‬Δಢཱི͢ͱ͏ΖҲ๏ɼয়‫ڱ‬ๅࠄͺଲਕ‫ͳܐؖ‬ҲରԿͤΖ‫ܐؖ‬Ͷ͵ͮͱ͏ Ζɽ  ʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱ ͳ ʰ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʱ ͹ য় ‫ ڱ‬ๅ ࠄ ͕ Γ ; ଲ ਕ ‫ ܐ ؖ‬ ઴ઇ͹ࢀ૜Ϡυϩ͹؈ୱ͵಍೘ΝಁΉ͓͓ͪ͑Ͳɼ࿫ΝʰϜζმʱͳʰͿ͓ΞʱͶ໯ ͤ ͳ ͢ Γ ͑ ɽ ྈ න ‫ ݳ‬͹ қ ັ ો ੓ Ν Ή ͳ Ό ͪ න  Ν ր Ό ͱ ͟ ལ ͏ ͪ ͫ ͘ ͪ ͏ ɽʰ Ϝ ζმ ʱͶ ͺ ɼʰ მ ʱͳ ͏ ͑ ‫ ߺ ى‬Ͷ ༟ པ ͤ Ζ қ ັ մ ए ͹ ෈ ֮ ఈ ͠ ͗ ͍ Ζ ͞ ͳ Ν फ़ ΄ ͪ ɽͯ ΉΕ ɼ͞ ͹ න ‫ ࣙ ݳ‬ର Ͷ ໎ ֮ ͵ қ ັ ͺ ඍ Κ ͮ ͱ ͕ Δ ͥ ɼ͏ Κ ͻ ‫ ͜ ෉ ޛ‬͹ Γ ͑ Ͷʰ ‫ ; ج‬ʱɼʰ൷͢ Ί ʱɼʰ ౘ Ε ʱ͵ ʹ Ν න ͤ Γ ͑ Ͷ ͵ ͮ ͪ ͳ ͏ ͓ Γ ͑ ɽ͞ Η Ν ಁ Ή ͓ Ζ ͳ ɼʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱΝ࢘༽ͤΖࡏͺɼ஖͖Ηͪয়‫ڱ‬Νਜ਼֮ͶๅࠄͤΖͳ͏͑ΓΕ΍ɼଲਕ‫ܐؖ‬Ν௒ઇͤΖ͞ͳͶϓΧʖΩη͗ߞΔΗͱ͏Ζ͹Ͳͺ͵͏͖ ͳ͏ͮͪՀઈΝཱིͱΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζɽ  D ͕ ‫ ͬ ܓ‬Ύ Ξ Ͷ ཀྵ ෈ ਜ ͵ ͞ ͳ ‫ ݶ‬Κ Η ͪ Ξ ͫ ͜ ʹ ɽʪ Ϝ ζ ΋ ͖ ͯ ͚ ʙ Ϝ ζ მ ʫɽ E ͍ ͏ ͯ ɼ ࢴ ͹ ඁ ື Ν ͻ Δ ͢ Ώ ͗ ͮ ͪ ʪ Ϝ ζ ΋ ͖ ͯ ͚ ʙ Ϝ ζ მ ʙ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʫ 





−79−



日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ʰ Ϝ ζ ΋ ͖ ͯ ͚ ʱɼ΍ ͢ ͚ ͺ Γ Ε գ ܻ ͵ʰ ࢰ ͸ ʱͳ ͏ ͮ ͪ ࿒ ࠐ ͵ න ‫ ݳ‬Ν ࢘ ͓ ͻ ɼয় ‫ ڱ‬ๅࠄͳ͏͑ଈ໚Ͷ͕͏ͱͺɼқࢧఽୣͺ໲ୌ͵͚ୣ੔͠ΗΖͲ͍Θ͑ɽ͖͢͢ɼͨ͹େঊͳ͢ͱʰ‫ݶ‬ཁ͹Ԝ͏౗ͫʱͳ೟ࣟ͠ΗΖՆ೵੓΍߶͚͵ΖɽҲൢͶɼི௜͵য়‫ڱ‬ๅࠄͶΓͮͱ΍ͪΔ͠ΗΖϨηέΓΕ΍ɼଲਕ‫ܐؖ‬͹ң࣍Ν༑઎͢Γ͑ͳͤΖৼཀྵ͗ ͺ
ͪΔ͚ɽͨ͞Ͳɼ໎֮͵‫ޢ‬ٝΝ࣍ͪ͵͏ʰϜζმʱΝ࢘༽ͤΖ͞ͳͲɼซ͘घͶਬ࿨͹ෝ୴Ν‫͗͵͏ک‬Δɼਜ਼֮Ͳͺ͵͏΍͹͹ɼࣙਐ͹ࢧ͏ΝωϣΠϱηͲ ఽୣͤΖ͞ͳ͗ Ͳ ͘ Ζ ɽͨ ͹ ݃ Վ ɼͲ Ί ͪʰ ࿒ ࠐ ͠ ͹ ؉ ࿪ ʱ͗ ୣ ੔ ͠ Η Ζ ɽ͞ ͹ʰ ࿒ ࠐ ͠ ͹ ؉ ࿪ ʱͳ͏͑͹ͺɼʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱ͹ ‫ ޢ‬ٝ ͖ Δ ૓ ड़ ͠ Η ͪ ‫ ༽ ޢ‬࿨ ద ް Վ ͳ ͏ ͑ Γ Ε ͺ ɼқ ັ ͗ ෈ ໎͵න‫ݳ‬ͶໃཀྵΏΕқັΝ৒ͦΖ͞ͳͲਫ਼ͣΖ‫༽ޢ‬࿨దްՎͲ͍Ζɽ Ҳ๏ʰͿ͓Ξʱͺɼࣙ‫ހ‬͹ࢧ͏ΝๅࠄͤΖ͞ͳɼͯΉΕয়‫ڱ‬ๅࠄ͹ଈ໚͗ࡏཱིͯන‫ ͍ Ͳ ݳ‬Ζ ɽ΍ ͬ Θ Ξ ɼ
ʰ ਄ ࠃ ͠ ͹ ؉ ࿪ ʱͳ ͏ ͑ ଲ ਕ ‫ ܐ ؖ‬௒ ੖ ‫ ؽ‬೵ ͗ ͍ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͺ Ͳ Ίͪ͗ɼ͍͚ΉͲ΍ͨΗͺʰ൷͢͏ʱͳ͏͑‫״‬৚Νซ͘घͶఽୣ͢Γ͑ͳͤΖқਦ͗ଚࡑ͢ɼͨΗΝʰͿ͓Ξʱͳ͏͑‫ࣞܙޢݶ‬Ͷ৒ͦͱ͏Ζ͞ͳ͗઴఑Ͳ ͍Ζɽ  D Ϳ ͓ Ξ E Ϝ ζ მ D ͹ Γ ͑ Ͷ ɼ઎ ߨ ช ຼ ͗ ͵ ͏ ‫Ͳ ڧ ؂‬ʰ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʱ͗ ൅ ࿫ ͠ Η Ζ ͳ ɼͨ ͹ ‫ ޢ‬ٝ ͖ Δ ซ ͘घ ͺ ൳ ఈ ͖ ߢ ఈ ͹ ͏ ͥ Η ͖ Ͷ մ ए Ν ߞ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͗ Ͳ ͘ Ζ ɽҲ ๏ ɼ
ʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱͶ ͺ ಝ ఈ ͹ ‫ޢ‬ٝ ͗ ͵ ͏ ͹ Ͳ ɼ E ͹ Γ ͑ Ͷ ൅ ࿫ ͠ Η ͱ ΍ ɼ൅ ࿫ ं ͹ ৼ ‫ ڧ‬Ν ಣ Ί ख Ζ ͞ ͳ ͺ ࠖ ೋ Ͳ ͍Ζ ɽ͞ ͹ ࣆ ࣰ ͖ Δ ΍ ɼʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱͺ য় ‫ ڱ‬ๅ ࠄ Γ Ε ΍ ଲ ਕ ‫ ܐ ؖ‬௒ ੖ Ν ࢦ ޴ ͤ Ζ න ‫ ͍ Ͳ ݳ‬Ζ͹ Ͷ ଲ ͢ ɼʰ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʱ ͺ য় ‫ ڱ‬ๅ ࠄ Ͷ क ‫ ͖ ͕ ͗ ء‬Η ͪ න ‫ ͍ Ͳ ݳ‬Ζ ͞ ͳ ͗ ͑ ͖ ͗ ͓ Ζ ɽ   श Κ Ε Ͷ  ຌ‫Ͳڂݜ‬ͺɼʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱͳʰ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʱ͹ ‫ ى‬फ़ ద ߡ ࡱ ͖ Δ ࢟ Ό ɼͨ ͞ Ͳ ໎ Δ ͖ Ͷ ͵ ͮ ͪྈ න ‫ ݳ‬͹ ҩ ͏ Νʰ ‫ ༽ ࢘ ޢ ݶ‬͹ ࢀ ૜ Ϡ υ ϩ ʱ͹ ؏ ఼ ͖ Δ ઈ ໎ ͤ Ζ ͞ ͳ Ν ࢾ Ί ͪ ɽͨ ͢ ͱ ɼ
ʰ Ϝ ζ მ ʱ ͺ ଲ ਕ ‫ ܐ ؖ‬௒ ઇ Ͷ ॑ ͘ ͗ ஖ ͖ Η ɼ য় ‫ ڱ‬ๅ ࠄ ͺ ್ ࣏ ద Ͳ ͍ Ζ Ҳ ๏ ɼʰ Ϳ ͓ Ξ ʱͺଲਕ‫ܐؖ‬௒੖ΓΕ΍য়‫ڱ‬ๅࠄࢦ޴Ͳ͍Ζ͞ͳΝक௃ͪ͢ɽࠕ‫ޛ‬ͺɼྈන‫ͳݳ‬ଠ͹ऑं͞ͳͻͳ͹ർֳΏɼӵ‫ޢ‬͹ηϧϱήͳ͹ർֳͶ‫ڂݜ‬͹൥ҕΝ߁͝ͱ͏ͪ͘͏ɽ ஭ ʤ Ґ Ծ ͹ 85/ ͺ ͤ ΄ ͱ  ೧  ݆  ೖ ࠹ श Ԁ ལ ʥʁ 

 KWWSVWZLWWHUFRPKDPXKDPXVWDWXV ʤ ౦ ߚ ೖ ʁ ʥ  KWWSVWZLWWHUFRPZD\QHBWVXNLVWDWXV ʤ ౦ ߚ ೖ ʁ ʥ −80−

言語使用の三層モデルからみる「マジ卍」と「ぴえん」の語用論的機能 KWWSVWZLWWHUFRP\M-.$LYDSUD7$7:VWDWXV ʤ ౦ ߚ ೖ ʁ ʥ  KWWSVWZLWWHUFRPSDSDBSDFKRPDUXVWDWXV ʤ ౦ ߚ ೖ ʁ ʥ  KWWSVWZLWWHUFRPKL\RULWDOHVVWDWXV ʤ ౦ ߚ ೖ ʁ ʥ  KWWSVWZLWWHUFRP5XUXBFKDQVWDWXV ʤ ౦ ߚ ೖ ʁ ʥ  KWWSVWZLWWHUFRP\DNLB7\SKORVLRQVWDWXV ʤ ౦ ߚ ೖ ʁ  ʥ  KWWSVWZLWWHUFRPVUVQB \V\NVWDWXV ʤ ౦ ߚ ೖ ʁ ʥ  KWWSVWZLWWHUFRPIHDUDVWDWXV ʤ ౦ ߚ ೖ ʁ ʥ  KWWSVWZLWWHUFRPRQ\RVWDWXV ʤ ౦ ߚ ೖ ʁ ʥ  KWWSVWZLWWHUFRPIXOOBPHWDOOHUVWDWXV ʤ ౦ ߚ ೖ ʁ ʥ  KWWSVWZLWWHUFRPWDPDPLBVNJFVWDWXV ʤ ౦ ߚ ೖ ʁ ʥ  KWWSVWZLWWHUFRPBVKRYHOVWDWXV ʤ ౦ ߚ ೖ ʁ ʥ  KWWSVWZLWWHUFRPVDZDSLSSLVWDWXV ʤ ౦ ߚ ೖ ʁ ʥ ࢂߡช‫ݛ‬୉໼ ੜ߀ɿɿ
ʰೖຌ‫ޢ‬͹‫ܙ‬༲ಊࢼͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ༩ඍద‫ڂݜ‬ʁ୊Ҳ‫֭ޢݶ‬ಚգఖͳಊదช๑ཀྵ࿨ʱ
ɼʲѬஎॖಛ୉ָ࿨ॄʷިླྀชԿָ෨Ἥʷʳ୊  ߺɼtɼѬஎʁѬஎॖಛ୉ָɿ޽౽ य़ɿɿ
ʰऑं͞ͳͻʰϜζმʱ͹‫ޢݶ‬దಝ௅ʗʰΏͻ͏ʱͳ͹ർֳΝ஦ৼͶʗʱɼʲ۪ୖঃࢢ୉ָ‫نڂݜ‬གྷʳ୊  ߺɼtɼ۪ୖঃࢢ୉ָʁ౨‫ښ‬ɿ޽౽ य़ɿDɿʰऑं͞ͳͻʰϜζმʱ͹‫༽ޢ‬࿨దಝ௅ʱɼ
ʲӵ‫ָޢ‬ʀӵ‫گޢ‬ү‫ڂݜ‬ʳ୊  ‫ ת‬ߺɼtɿ޽౽ य़ɿEɿʰऑं͞ͳͻʰͿ͓Ξʱ͹ช๑దಝ੓ͳਬ࿨͹ෝ୴Ͷͯ͏ͱʱɼ
ʲೖຌ‫༽ޢ‬࿨ָճ୊  յ୉ճ൅න࿨ชॄʳ୊  ߺɼtɿ޽౽ य़ɿɿ
ʰʰϜζმʱͳʰͿ͓ΞʱͶӫΖऑं͹ৼʱɼʲϤϨ΢Ωʳ ೧  ݆ߺɼtɼ੪ౖऀʁ౨‫ښ‬ɿ
.XGR6WRDSSHDUn-DSDQHVH7HHQ6ODQJ3LHQʤͿ͓ΞʥDQG0D]LPDQ]LʤϜζმʥDVD+HGJH|

3URFHHGLQJVRIWK/LQJXLVWLFV&ROORTXLXP /LQJXLVWLN,QWHUQDWLRQDO 3HWHU/DQJ3XEOLVKLQJ%HUQ
+LURVH <  n'HFRQVWUXFWLRQ RI WKH 6SHDNHU DQG WKH 7KUHH7LHU 0RGHO RI /DQJXDJH 8VH|

7VXNXED(QJOLVK6WXGLHVt኏ੋ߀ਫ਼ɿɿʰक؏੓ͳ‫༽࢘ޢݶ‬͹ࢀ૜ϠυϩʱɼʲϧϋΩʖ͹ʤؔʥक؏੓ͳͨ͹ఴ֋ʳɼ஦ଞ๗‫ٳ‬ʀ৏‫૳ݬ‬ʤฦʥɼtɼ֋୕ऀʁ౨‫ښ‬ɿ኏ੋ߀ਫ਼ɿɿ
ʰࣙ෾͹‫ָޢݶ‬ʗ‫༽࢘ޢݶ‬͹ࢀ૜ϠυϩͶ޴͜ͱʗʱ
ɼʲࢀ૜ϠυϩͲΊ͓ͱ͚Ζ‫ޢݶ‬͹‫ؽ‬೵ͳ͚͢Ίʳɼ኏ੋ߀ਫ਼ʀౣీկ੘ʀ࿪ీচ໎ʀۜ୫༑ʀௗ໼໎ࢢʤฦʥɼtɼ֋୕ऀʁ౨‫ښ‬ɿʲ߁ࣛԕʤ୊ࣥ൝ʥʳɼ৿ଞ ड़ʤฦʥ
ɿɿ‫آ‬ഀॽవɿ
ʲ‫ݳ‬େ‫ޢ‬͹‫ેخ‬எࣟ ʳɼࣙ༟ࠅ຿ऀʤฦʥ
ɿɿࣙ༟ࠅ຿ऀɿ

−81−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）‫ގ‬௃Ͷ༽͏ΔΗΖϟνϓΟʖ͹ߡࡱֱड़֎‫ن‬‫౐ښ‬୉ָ୉ָӅʽ Abstract ʾ
One of the functions of metaphor is to exaggerate. A great deal of laundry, for example, issometimes referred to as yama-noyona-sentakumono, “a mountain of laundry” in a hyperbolic
way. For another example, heavy rain is hyperbolically referred to as taki-noyona-ame,“floods of rain”. In addition, an extremely hard job is metaphorically referred to as oninoyona-shigoto, “a devil of a job”. This paper attempts to analyze these metaphoric hyperboles which stem from image-mappings from the perspective of grammaticalization, and claims
that these metaphorical expressions have undergone the process to a greater or lesser extent,
which result in the different usages.

ʴΫʖϭʖχʵ: ΢ϟʖζʀϟνϓΟʖɼ‫ގ‬௃๑ɼช๑Կ



ͺͣΌͶ
ϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ ͹ क གྷ ͵ ‫ ؽ‬೵ ͹ Ҳ ͯ ͳ ͢ ͱ ਼ ྖ Ώ ఖ ౕ ͹ ‫ ގ‬௃ ͗ ‫ ͝ ڏ‬Δ Η Ζ (Goatly

1997: 164)ɽྭ ͓ ͻ ɼ
ʲ ‫ ݳ‬େ ೖ ຌ ‫ ݶ ͘ ॽ ޢ‬ཁ ‫ ߩ ۋ‬α ʖ Ϗ η  ஦ ೴ ‫ ݶ‬൝ ʳ(Ґ Ծ ɼBCCWJɽ஦ ೴ ‫ ݶ‬ώ ʖ ζ ϥ ϱ 2.7.0ɽ υ ʖ ν ώ ʖ ζ ϥ ϱ 2021.03ɽ ) Ͳ ͺ ɼ ࣏ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ࣰ ྭ ͗ ؏ ࡱ͠ΗΖɽ(1) …յ ఺ Ზ ͹ ϋ ν Γ Ε ΍ ͮ ͳ മ ͏ ࢶ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ύ Ϟ Ώ ο ʖ θ ͗ ͪ ͮ ͪ Ҳ ທ ɼϏγϏγϏϱͶ୉ࣆͨ͑Ͷͺ͠ΞͲ͍Ζ…
(PB59_00404 7020)

͞͞ͲͺʰύϞΏοʖθ͹മ͠ʱ͗ʰࢶ͹മ͠ʱͶᄽ͓ΔΗͱ͏Ζ͗ɼύϞΏοʖθ͹ മ ͠ Ν ཀྵ մ ͤ Ζ ͑ ͓ Ͳ ࢶ ͹ മ ͠ Ν ഖ ղ ͳ ͤ Ζ ච གྷ ͺ સ ͚ ͵ ͏ ɽ‫ ͓ ׷ ͏ ݶ‬Η ͻ ɼʰࢶ͹Γ ͑ ͵ ʱ ͺ ୱ ͵ Ζ ‫ ک‬௒ Ώ ‫ ގ‬௃ ͹ ͪ Ό Ͷ ૢ ೘ ͠ Η ͱ ͏ Ζ Ͷ գ ͙ ͵ ͏ ɽʰ ࢶ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱ
ͶΓͮͱമ͠Ν‫ک‬௒ͤΖΓ͑͵༽ྭͺαʖϏη৏ͲͺଠͶΆͳΞʹ‫͖ͯݡ‬Δͥ ɼ݇͹

−82−

誇張に用いられるメタファーの考察න ‫ ݳ‬ͺ ඉ ৙ Ͷ ৿ ‫ د‬ద ͵ ΍ ͹ Ͳ ͍ Ζ ͳ ࢧ Κ Η Ζ ɽ͢ ͖ ͢ ɼ ‫ ގ‬௃ ͹ ϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ ͺ (2-4) ͹Γ͑Ͷఈ஥ͪ͢‫༽׵‬න‫͏ͱͮ͵ͳݳ‬Ζ͞ͳ͍͗Ζɽ(2) ୎ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ‫ ͗ ׾‬ɼֻ ͖ Δ ๻ ΃ ͳ …         (OB0X_00002 21390)(3) …ຘ ೖ ࢃ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ જ ୗ ෼ Ͳ ͤ ɽ        

 (LBi5_00033 20650)(4) ِ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ࢔ ‫ ͗ ۂ‬ଶ ͮ ͱ ͏ ͪ Ε ͢ ͵ ͏ ͖ ɽ       (OC04_01461 950)

ຌ‫Ͳڂݜ‬ͺɼ͞͹Γ͑͵ఈ஥ͪ͢‫ގ‬௃͹ϟνϓΟʖͶ‫ͱؖ͢‬ҐԾ͹఼್Νक௃ͤΖ
͞ͳΝ௪͢ͱɼ͞ΗΉͲܲࢻ͠Ηͱͪ͘΢ϟʖζʀϟνϓΟʖͶޭΝ͍ͱΖ͞ͳΝͨ͹໪దͳͤΖɽA) ଡ ͚ ͹ ΢ ϟ ʖ ζ ʀ ϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ ༟ པ ͹ ‫ ގ‬௃ න ‫ ͗ ݳ‬ช ๑ Կ Ν ‫ ͏ ͱ ܨ‬Ζ ɽB) ช ๑ Կ ͹ ఖ ౕ ࠫ Ͷ Γ ͮ ͱ ɼη ϫ ρ φ Ͷ ਫ਼ ً ͢ ͑ Ζ ໌ ࢼ ۡ ͹ ࣙ ༟ ౕ ɼ͕ Γ ; ɼ‫ގ‬௃ͤΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζқັ಼༲͗ҡ͵Ζɽຌ ߚ ͹ ླྀ Η ͺ ࣏ ͹ ௪ Ε Ͳ ͍ Ζ ɽ୊ 2 ઇ Ͳ ͺ ΢ ϟ ʖ ζʀϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ Ͷ ‫ ͤ ؖ‬Ζ ઎ ߨ ‫ ڂ ݜ‬͹‫ ى‬फ़ Ν ֮ ೟ ͢ ɼକ ͚ ୊ 3 ઇ Ͳ ຌ ‫ ͗ ڂ ݜ‬ଉ Ζ ช ๑ Կ ͹ Π ϕ ϫ ʖ ο Ν ় ղ ͤ Ζ ɽ୊ 4 ઇ Ͳͺ ɼί ʖ η η ν υ Ρ ͳ ͢ ͱʰ ୎ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱʰ ࢃ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱʰ ِ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱ͹ ࢀྭͶ‫ྭࣆͱؖ͢‬෾ੵΝࢾΊΖɽຌ‫ڂݜ‬͹ΉͳΌͺ୊ 5 ઇͲߨ͑ɽ

΢ϟʖζʀϟνϓΟʖ
Lakoff (1987b) ͺ ɼ ֕ ೨ ϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ (conceptual metaphor) ͳ ͺ ໡ ৯ ͗ ҡ ͵ Ζ ΍ ͹ ͳ͢ ͱ ɼ ΢ ϟ ʖ ζ ʀ ϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ (image metaphor) ͹ ଚ ࡑ Ν ࢨ ఢ ͢ ͱ ͏ Ζ ɽ(5) a. My wife . . . whose waist is an hourglass.
b. His toes were like the keyboard of a spinet.
(Lakoff and Turner 1989: 90)

Lakoff (1987b) Ͷ Γ Ζ ͳ ɼ ֕ ೨ ϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ ͗ ෵ ࡸ ͵ ֕ ೨ ߑ ଆ (conceptual structure) Νࣺ ଀ ͤ Ζ Ҳ ๏ Ͳ ɼ΢ ϟ ʖ ζʀ ϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ ͺ ‫ ׵‬स ద ͵ ৼ ద ΢ ϟ ʖ ζ (mental image) Ν ࣺ଀ ͤ Ζ ɽ ۫ ର ద Ͷ ͺ ɼ (5a)Ͳ ͺ ʽ ࠯ ࣎ ‫ ܯ‬ʾ ͹ ৼ ద ΢ ϟ ʖ ζ Ν ʽ ঃ ੓ ͹ ࠌ ʾ ͹ ৼ ద ΢ ϟʖ ζ Ͷ ࣺ ଀ ͠ Η ͱ ͏ Ζ ɽಋ ༹ Ͷ ɼ(5b) Ͳ ͺ ʽ 伶 ൭ ʾ ͹ ৼ ద ΢ ϟ ʖ ζ ͗ ʽ ௼ ઎ ʾ ͹ ৼ ద−83−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）΢ϟʖζͶࣺ଀͠Ηͱ͏Ζɽ͞͞Ͳ͹ৼద΢ϟʖζͺकͶࢻְద͵΍͹Νࢨࣖͤ͢ɽ
͖͢͢ɼৼద΢ϟʖζͺɼຌཔɼࢻְద͵΍͹Ͷ‫ݸ‬ఈ͠ΗͥɼԽ‫ڻ‬΢ϟʖζΏྙಊద΢ ϟ ʖ ζ ΍ ‫ ؜‬Ί ͑ Ζ ͞ ͳ Ͷ ஭ қ ͤ Ζ ච གྷ ͗ ͍ Ζ (Lakoff 1987c: 146)ɽ
ͨ ͢ ͱ ɼ֕ ೨ ϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ ͳ ಋ ༹ Ͷ ΢ ϟ ʖ ζʀϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ ΍ ‫ ׵‬स Կ ͠ Η Ζ ͞ ͳ ͗ ͍ Ζ ɽ
Lakoff (1987a) ͺ ‫ ׵‬स Կ ͠ Η ͪ ΢ ϟ ʖ ζʀϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ ͳ ͢ ͱ ್ ͯ ͹ ྪ ‫ ܗ‬Ν ࣖ ͢ ͱ ͏ Ζ ɽ(6) a. pedigree ‫ ܗ‬: ࠞ ‫ ྘ ݱ‬Ү ͹ ৼ ద ΢ ϟ ʖ ζ ‫ ; ٶ‬΢ ϟ ʖ ζ ࣺ ଀ ͗ ଚ ࡑ ͢ ͵ ͏
b: dunk ‫ܗ‬: ࠞ‫྘ݱ‬Ү͹ৼద΢ϟʖζ‫;ٶ‬΢ϟʖζࣺ଀͗ଚࡑͤΖྭ ͓ ͻ ɼʰ Պ ‫ ܧ‬ਦ ʱ Ν қ ັ ͤ Ζ ӵ ‫ ޢ‬͹ pedigree ͺ ɼʰ ௿ ͹ ‫ ٯ‬ʱ Ν қ ັ ͤ Ζ ‫ ݻ‬ϓ ϧ ϱ η‫ ޢ‬pie de grue ͗ ‫ ͍ Ͳ ݱ ޢ‬Ζ ɽ ͞ ͹ қ ັ ร Կ ͹ ഐ ‫ ܢ‬Ͷ ͺ ɼ ʽ ௿ ͹ ‫ ٯ‬ʾ ͹ ৼ ద ΢ ϟ ʖ ζ ͗ʽՊ‫ܧ‬ਦʾ͹ৼద΢ϟʖζͶࣺ଀͠Ηͪ΢ϟʖζʀϟνϓΟʖ͗‫ؖ‬ΚΖɽ͖͢͢ɼ‫ݳ‬େ͹ӵ‫ޢ‬࿫ंͶͳͮͱʽ௿͹‫ٯ‬ʾ͹ৼద΢ϟʖζͺ΍ͺΏʰࢰΞͫʱ΍͹Ͳ͍Εɼͪ͗ͮ͢ͱɼ΢ϟʖζࣺ଀΍ʰࢰΞͫʱ΍͹ͳ͵ͮͱ͏ΖɽҲ๏ͲɼώηίρφϚʖϩ͹ʰ ξ ϱ έ ε ϣ ʖ φ ʱΝ қ ັ ͤ Ζ dunk ͺ ɼʰέρΫʖΏχʖψς͵ʹ͹ܲৱΝࣙਐ͗ӁΞͲ͏ΖӁΊ෼Ͷਃͤʱͳ͏͑қັ΍࣍ͯɽ͞͹Γ͑͵ଡٝ੓ͺɼ‫ंޛ‬͹ৼద΢ϟʖζ͗઴ं͹ৼద΢ϟʖζͶࣺ଀͠ΗΖ͞ͳͶΓͮͱࣰ‫͠ݳ‬ΗΖɽ͖͢͢ɼ઴फ़͹pedigree ͳ ͺ ҡ ͵ Ε ɼ ‫ ݳ‬େ ͹ ӵ ‫ ޢ‬࿫ ं Ͷ ͳ ͮ ͱ dunk Ͷ ͕ ͜ Ζ ྈ ं ͹ ৼ ద ΢ ϟ ʖ ζ ͺ
ʰ ਫ਼ ͘ ͪ ʱ ΍ ͹ Ͳ ͍ Ε ɼ ͨ ͹ ࣺ ଀ ‫ ܐ ؖ‬΍ ʰ ਫ਼ ͘ ͪ ʱ ΍ ͹ Ͳ ͍ Ζ (Lakoff 1987a: 144)ɽ

ช๑Կ࣏ Ͷ ຌ ߚ ͗ ෾ ੵ Ͷ ༽ ͏ Ζ ช ๑ Կ Ͷ ͯ ͏ ͱ ؈ ୱ ͵ ় ղ Ν ͢ ͱ ͕ ͚ ɽ Traugott (2010) ͶΓΖͳɼช๑ԿͶଲͤΖΠϕϫʖο๏๑ͺ୉್͚ͯ͘ଚࡑͤΖɽҲ๏ͺ‫ޢݶ‬รԿͶ͕͜ Ζ क़ ঘ (reduction) Ͷ ঱ ఼ Ν ͍ ͱ Ζ Π ϕ ϫ ʖ ο Ͳ ͍ Ε ɼ ΍ ͑ Ҳ ๏ ͺ ֨ ௃ (expansion)Ͷ঱఼Ν͍ͱΖΠϕϫʖοͲ͍Ζɽຌ‫͞ͳ͑ݶͲڂݜ‬Θ͹ช๑Կͳͺ‫ंޛ‬͹ΠϕϫʖοΝࢨͤɽ
Bybee (2015) ͺ ɼ ช ๑ Կ Ͷ ͕ ͜ Ζ ֨ ௃ ͹ Ҳ ྭ ͳ ͢ ͱ Ω τ β Ϩ ʖ ֨ ௃ (category expansion) Ν ࢨ ఢ ͢ ͱ ͏ Ζ ɽ(7) Grammaticalizing constructions also have slots or categories that start out as
semantically restricted, but expand or become more schematic (covering moremeanings) during the process.

−84−誇張に用いられるメタファーの考察(Bybee 2015: 127)Ή ͪ ɼ Ω τ β Ϩ ʖ ֨ ௃ ͺ ͢ ͻ ͢ ͻ қ ັ ͹ ථ പ Կ (bleaching) Ν ൒ ͑ ͞ ͳ Ͷ ͵ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͗
Bybee (2015: 129) Ͷ Γ ͮ ͱ ࢨ ఢ ͠ Η ͱ ͏ Ζ ɽ ྭ ͓ ͻ ɼ ‫ ݳ‬େ ӵ ‫ ޢ‬͹ ঁ ಊ ࢼ can ͹ ൅ ୣ ͺ Ω τ β Ϩ ʖ ֨ ௃ ͳ қ ັ ͹ ථ പ Կ ͹ ૮ ‫༽ ࡠ ޕ‬Ͷ Γ Ζ ΍ ͹ Ͳ ͍ Ζ ͳ ෾ ੵ ͠ Η Ζ (Bybee 2003, 2015)ɽ ݇ ͹ ঁ ಊ ࢼ ͹ ΍ ͳ Ͷ ͵ ͮ ͪ cunnan ͺ ‫ ݫ‬པ ಊ ࢼ Ͳ ͍ Ε ɼ ͟ ͚ ‫ ݸ‬Δ Η ͪ ಊ ࢼ ͹ Ί Ν ึ ෨ ͳ ͢ ͱ ‫ ͪ ͏ ͱ ͢ ڒ‬ɽ ͢ ͖ ͢ ɼ ஦ӵ‫غޢ‬Ͷֽ͖ࠫ͢Ζͳึ෨Ͷ͚Ζಊࢼ͹झྪͺ֨௃͠Ηͱ͏͚͞ͳͶ͵Ζɽ͞͹͞ͳͺ ɼ can ͹ қ ັ ͗ mental ability ͖ Δ ෱ ߁ ͚ ability Ν න ͤ ΍ ͹ ΃ ͳ ථ പ Կ ͢ ͪ ͞ ͳ Ν ࣖࠨ ͤ Ζ ɽ ߍ Ͷ ɼ ॵ ‫ ۛ غ‬େ ӵ ‫ غ ޢ‬Ͷ ͺ root possibility ͹ ༽ ๑ ͗ ౌ ৖ ͢ ࢟ Ό ɼ ͨ Η Ͷ ൒ ͏क‫ޢ‬͹ηϫρφͶਕؔҐ֐͹΍͹Ν͓ܶΖΓ͑Ͷ͵Ζɽන : can ͹ ช ๑ Կ (Bybee 2003: 606)
Stage

Subject

Main verbs

Mental ability

Human agentsIntellectual states and activities
Communicating
SkillsAbility

Human agents

All of the above
Overt actions and activities

Root possibility

Human agents

All of the above

Passive subjects
Inanimate subjects



ࣆྭ෾ੵ
ຌ ࿨ ช Ͳ ͺ ɼί ʖ η η ν υ Ρ ͳ ͢ ͱ ๱ ಆ Ͷ ‫ͪ ͝ ڏ‬ʰ ୎ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱʰ ࢃ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱʰ ِ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱ͹ ࢀ ྭ Ν ѽ ͑ ɽ͞ Η Δ ͺ સ ͱ ΢ ϟ ʖ ζʀϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ ༟ པ ͹ ‫ ގ‬௃ න ‫ݳ‬Ͳ ͍ Ζ ͗ ɼNP ͹ η ϫ ρ φ Ͷ ਫ਼ ً Ͳ ͘ Ζ ‫ ۡ ޢ‬͹ ࣙ ༟ ౕ ɼ‫ ; ٶ‬ɼ‫ ގ‬௃ ͤ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͗ Ͳ ͘ Ζ қັ಼༲Ͷ͕͏ͱҡ͵Ζ৾෥͏Ν‫ͦݡ‬Ζɽ

 ʰ ୎ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱ
BCCWJ Ͷ ͕ ͏ ͱ ɼ
ʰ ୎ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱ͹ ࣰ ྭ ͺ સ 24 ྭ ‫ ͖ ͯ ݡ‬Ζ ͗ ɼNP ͹ η ϫ ρ φ−85−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）Ͷ ਫ਼ ً ͤ Ζ ໌ ࢼ ͳ ͢ ͱ ͺ ʰ ӏ ʙ ୉ ӏ ʱ (10 ྭ ; 41.6%) ͳ ʰ ‫ ׾‬ʱ (9 ྭ ; 37.5%) ͗ ୉ ൔ ΝઐΌΖɽ(8) a. ‫ ͖ ۯ‬Δ ߳ Ε ஭ ͛ ୎ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ӏ Ͳ …        (LBk9_00245 1280)
b. સ ਐ ͖ Δ ୎ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ‫ ླྀ ͗ ׾‬Η ཚ ͬ …       (PB29_00363 16720)

ब ว ద ͵ ࣆ ྭ ͳ ͢ ͱ ɼʰ ྨ ʱʰ ঘ ส ʱʰ ࣎ ؔ ʱ ͗ ֦ 1 ྭ ͥ ͯ ‫ ͖ ͯ ݡ‬Ζ ɽ(9) a. ෗ ͺ ୎ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ྨ Ν ླྀ ͢ ͵ ͗ Δ …      (PB32_00158 42000)b. ‫ ٺ‬Ͷ ഇ ͗ ం ͮ ͪ ͖ ͳ ࢧ ͑ ͳ ୎ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ঘ ส Ν ͢ ͪ ɽ(PB29_00248 49510)
c. …୎ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ࣎ ؔ ͗ ɼ ਪ ௜ Ͷ ࢢ ‫ ڛ‬͹ ͵ ͖ Ν ླྀ Η ͱ ͏ Ζ …
(OT03_00045 26910)

͞ ͞ Ͷ ‫ ͱ ΄ ͤ ͪ ͝ ڏ‬͹ ༽ ྭ Ͷ ͕ ͏ ͱ ‫ ڠ‬௪ ͤ Ζ ͹ ͺ ɼ NP ͹ η ϫ ρ φ Ͷ ਫ਼ ً ͤ Ζ ໌ ࢼۡ͗ʽླྀΗΖӹରʾͳ͏͑ৼద΢ϟʖζΝ༙͢ͱ͏Ζ͞ͳͲ͍Ζɽ༏Ҳ͹ྭ֐ͳ͢ͱʰ ࣎ ؔ ʱ͗ ߡ ͓ Δ Η Ζ ͗ ɼ͞ Η ͺ ʽ ࣎ ؔ ͺ ਭ ʾ ͳ ͏ ͑ ֕ ೨ ϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ (୉ ੶ 2006) ͹ಉ ͘ Ͷ Γ Ζ ΍ ͹ Ͳ ͍ Ζ ͳ ઈ ໎ Ͳ ͘ Ζ ɽ Ή ͪ ɼʰ ୎ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱ Ͷ Γ ͮ ͱ ‫ ގ‬௃ ͠ Η ͱ ͏Ζ ͹ ͺ ɼNP ͹ ܻ ͢ ͠ Ώ ྖ ͹ ଡ ͠ Ͳ ͍ Ζ ͗ ɼ͞ ͹ ͞ ͳ ͺ ʽ ୎ ʾ ͹ ৼ ద ΢ ϟ ʖ ζ ͗ າ ͫ Ͷਫ਼ ͘ ͪ ΍ ͹ Ͳ ͍ Ζ ͞ ͳ Ν ࣖ ࠨ ͤ Ζ ɽ͢ ͪ ͗ ͮ ͱ ɼLakoff (1987a) ͹ ෾ ྪ Ͷ ॊ ͑ ͳ ɼdunk͹ྪ‫ܗ‬Ͷ଒ͤΖͳ͏͑͞ͳͶ͵ΖɽҐ ৏ ͹ ؏ ࡱ ͖ Δ ɼʰ ୎ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱ Ͳ ͺ NP ͹ η ϫ ρ φ Ͷ ͕ ͜ Ζ Ω τ β Ϩ ʖ ֨ ௃ ͺΆ·‫ݡ‬ΔΗͥɼʽ୎ʾ͹ථപԿ΍ΆͳΞʹ਒ΞͲ͏͵͏ͳ݃࿨Ͱ͜ΔΗΖɽ‫͓׷͏ݶ‬Ηͻɼ݇͹ϟνϓΟʖන‫ݳ‬Ͷ͕͏ͱช๑ԿͺΆ·਒ߨ͢ͱ͏͵͏΍͹ͳߡ͓ΔΗΖɽ

 ʰ ࢃ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱ ࣏Ͷɼʰ ࢃ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ 13ʱͶ ࿫ Ν Ң ͤ ͞ ͳ Ͷ ͤ Ζ ɽ%&&:- Ͷ ͕ ͜ Ζʰ ࢃ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ 13ʱ͹ ༽ ྭ ͺ સ ෨ Ͳ  ྭ ֮ ೟ Ͳ ͘ Ζ ɽ ͞ ͹ ͑ ͬ ࣊ ٝ ௪ Ε ͹ ༽ ๑ Ώ ୉ ͘ ͠ ͹ ‫ ގ‬௃  HJ ࢃ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ घ  Ν ঈ ͚ ͳ ɼ  ྭ ͺ  (10) Ͷ ࣖ ͠ Η Ζ Γ ͑ Ͷ ਼ ྖ ͹ ‫ ގ‬௃ ͹ ͪ Ό Ͷ ༽ ͏ Δ Ηͱ͏Ζɽ(10) a. জ ͹ ৏ Ͷ ࢃ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ใ Ί ͗ ஖ ͖ Η ͱ ͏ Ζ ͹ ͫ ɽ  (OB2X_00116 92150)−86−誇張に用いられるメタファーの考察

b. ࢃ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ॽ ྪ ΍ …              (PB59_00285 27480)
c. ࢃ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ई ۜ Ͳ ड ͗ յ Δ ͵ ͚ ͵ Ε ͖ ͜ ͱ Ζ …  (LBc9_00162 47410)
d. …ࢃ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ Պ ࣆ Ν ͞ ͵ ͤ ͞ ͳ ΍ ͢ ͻ ͢ ͻ ͫ ͮ ͪ ɽ (LBn9_00216 1000)
e. …൶ ͹ ࠤ ͹ ஦ Ͷ ͺ ‫ ͗ ܊‬Ζ ࢃ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ໟ ૟ ͗ ੷ Ί ॑ ͸ Δ Η ͱ ߨ ͮ ͪ ɽ(LBo9_00222 1700)

͞ ͞ Ͳ ‫ ັ ڷ‬਄ ͏ ͹ ͺ NP ͹ η ϫ ρ φ Ͷ ਫ਼ ً ͤ Ζ ໌ ࢼ ۡ ͳ ͢ ͱ ʰ ใ Ί ʱ Ώ ʰ ॽ ྪ ʱ ͳ͏ࣰͮͪରΝ࣍ͯ΍͹͖Δɼ
ʰईۜʱ
ʰՊࣆʱ
ʰ ໟ ૟ ʱͳ ͏ ͮ ͪ ࣰ ର Ν ࣍ ͪ ͵ ͏ ΍ ͹ Ή Ͳ෱߁͚؏ࡱ͠ΗΖͳ͏͑͞ͳͲ͍Ζɽ୉ྖͶ੷Ί॑͵ͮͪใΊΏॽྪΝࢃͶᄽ͓Ζͳ͏͑͹ͺɼ‫ۅ‬Όͱ΢ϟʖζʀϟνϓΟʖΔ͢͏න‫͍Ͳݳ‬Εɼ ྈं͹ৼద΢ϟʖζ‫;ٶ‬΢ϟʖζࣺ଀ͺਫ਼͘ਫ਼͘ͳͪ͢΍͹Ͳ͍Ζͳ‫͓ݶ‬ΖɽҲ๏Ͳɼ݇͹ϟνϓΟʖන‫͗ݳ‬ࣰ ର Ν ࣍ ͪ ͵ ͏ ʰ ई ۜ ʱʰ Պ ࣆ ʱʰ ໟ ૟ ʱ Ν NP ͹ η ϫ ρ φ Ͷ ܶ ͓ Ζ ͹ ͺ ɼ ʽ MORE IS
UPʾ ͳ ͏ ͑ ϕ ϧ ΢ Ϝ Ϩ ʖ ʀ ϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ (Grady 1997) ͹ ಉ ͘ Ͷ Γ Ζ ͳ ͞ Θ ͗ ୉ ͘ ͏ ɽ͞ ͹ ϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ Ͷ Γ ͮ ͱ ɼ ຌ པ ੷ Ί ॑ ͸ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͗ ೋ ͢ ͏ ʰ ई ۜ ʱʰ Պ ࣆ ʱʰ ໟ ૟ ʱ Ν ੷Ί ॑ ͸ ɼͨ ͹ ‫ ۯ‬૟ ৏ ͹ ਻ Ν ࢃ Ͷ ᄽ ͓ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͗ Ն ೵ ͳ ͵ Ζ ͹ Ͳ ͍ Ζ ɽΉ ͪ ɼʰࢃ͹Γ͑͵
NPʱ͗ ‫ ގ‬௃ ͹ ଲ ে ͳ ͤ Ζ ͹ ͺ ઒ Δ ਼ ྖ ͹ ଡ ͠ ͹ Ί Ͳ ͍ Ζ ɽ͞ ͹ ͞ ͳ ͺ ɼʽ ࢃ ʾ ͹ ৼ ద΢ϟʖζ͹஦Ͳʰ߶͠ʱҐ֐͹ଈ໚͗ഐ‫ܢ‬Կ͠Η͍ͯͯΖ͞ͳΝࣖࠨͤΖɽΑ͓Ͷɼpedigree ‫ ͳ ܗ‬dunk ‫ ܗ‬͹ ஦ ؔ ஊ ֌ Ͷ Ғ ஖ Ͱ ͜ Ζ ච གྷ ͗ ͍ Ζ ɽ͢ ͪ ͗ ͮ ͱ ɼʰ ࢃ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱ Ͳ ͺ Ω τ β Ϩ ʖ ֨ ௃ ͗ ঙ ͵ ͚ ͳ ΍ ͍ Ζ ఖ ౕ ͺ ೟ Ό Δ
Η Ζ ɽΉ ͪ ɼʽ ࢃ ʾ ͹ ථ പ Կ ΍ ෨ ෾ ద Ͳ ͍ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͖ Δ ɼ઴ फ़ ͹ʰ ୎ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱΓ Ε΍ช๑Կ͗਒ߨ͢ͱ͏Ζͳ݃࿨Ͱ͜ΔΗΖɽ

 ʰ ِ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱ૥ ੋ (1990) ͺ ૥ ͚ ͖ Δ ‫ د‬ຽ ͵ʰ ِ ʱ͹ ϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ ͹ ଚ ࡑ Ν ࢨ ఢ ͢ ͱ ͏ Ζ ͗ ɼ઎ Ͷ ཤ༽ ͢ ͪ BCCWJ ৏ Ͳ ͺ ͨ ͹ ࢘ ༽ ྭ ͺ Ά ͳ Ξ ʹ ؏ ࡱ ͠ Η ͵ ͏ ɽ ͢ ͖ ͢ ɼ ΢ ϱ ν ʖ ϋ ρ φͲͺҐԾ͹Γ͑͵࢘༽ྭ͹ଚࡑ͗೟ΌΔΗΖɽ(11) a. ِ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ՟ ୌ Ώ ॕ ୌ ͗ ड़ ͠ Η …
(https://www.leglabo.jp/blog/entry/post -126/)b. ِ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ๫ ͢ ͠ ʄ(https://blog.goo.ne.jp/nissinbasket/e/e62dedb35c055e2e864e9609d69badae )c. ࠕ ೖ ͹ ‫ ה‬Ճ ͺ ِ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ஍ Ծ ͝ …

−87−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）(https://minkabu.jp/stock/7908/pick/10000000002658769)
d. ࢀ ᝍ ‫ ܈‬ɼ ِ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ Ω ρ φ ΢ ϱ ͖ Δ 2 ࢾ ߻ ࿊ କ β ʖ ϩ ʄ ʄ(https://sakamato.com/mitoma_goal20230103/ )e. …ʰ ೥ ϙ ΢ ϙ ΢ ʱ ͗ ِ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ Ն Ѭ ͠(https://www.buzzfeed.com/jp/tsunehikonishimaki/neko -hoihoi)઴ फ़ ͹ ್ ྭ ͳ ͺ ୉ ͘ ͚ ҡ ͵ Ε ɼʰ ِ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱ ͺ NP ͹ η ϫ ρ φ Ͷ ଡ झ ଡ ༹ ͵໌ࢼۡ͗ਫ਼ًՆ೵Ͳ͍ΕɼͨΗͶԢͣͱͨ͹‫ގ‬௃͹ଲে΍ଡ‫ز‬ͶΚͪΖ͞ͳ͗‫ͱݡ‬ͳ Η Ζ ɽࠦ ʓ ໨ (2010a) ͺ ‫ ݳ‬େ ೖ ຌ ਕ ͗ ʽ ِ ʾ Ͷ ଲ ͢ ͱ ์ ͚ һ ে ͳ ͢ ͱ Π ϱ ί ʖ φ௒ࠬͶΓΕʽ‫͏ڬ‬ʾʽѳ͏ʾʽ‫͏ک‬ʾʽ୉͘͏ʾ͵ʹ͍͗Ζͳๅࠄ͢ͱ͏Ζ͗ɼ(11) Ͷ ‫ ގ ͗ ྭ ༽ ͪ ͝ ڏ‬௃ ͤ Ζ ͹ ͺ ͨ ͹ ͏ ͥ Η ͹ ଒ ੓ Ͷ ΍ ౲ ͱ ͺ Ή Δ ͵ ͏ ɽ͞ Η Ͷ ଲ͢ ͱ ɼ ࠦ ʓ ໨ (2010b: 62) ͺ ɼʰ ͨ Η Ή Ͳ ʰ ِ ʱ Ͷ ෉ ஥ ͢ ੓ ࣯ Ν න ‫ ͪ ͘ ͱ ͢ ݳ‬ʰ ୉ ͘͏ʱʰ ‫ ͏ ک‬ʱ͗ ɼʰ ِ ʱ͹ ΍ ͳ Ν ཯ Η ͪ ͞ ͳ Ͷ Γ ͮ ͱ ɼ
ʰ ِ ʱ͹ ΢ ϟ ʖ ζ Ͷ ಼ ใ ͠ Η ͵͏ଲেΉͲ΍ർᄽՆ೵ͳ͵ͮͪʱͳߡࡱ͢ͱ͏Ζɽ ͯΉΕɼຌཔ͹ʽِʾ͹ৼద΢ϟ ʖ ζ ͹ ͑ ͬ Ͳʰ ୉ ͘ ͏ ʱ
ʰ ‫ ͏ ک‬ʱҐ ֐ ͹ ଈ ໚ ͗ Ά · ‫ ׮‬સ Ͷ ഐ ‫ ܢ‬Կ ͠ Η ͪ ݃ Վ ɼʽ ِʾͳͺໃ‫͵ܐؖ‬ʰ๫͢͠ʱΏʰՆѬ͠ʱͳ͏ͮͪ΍͹Ν‫ގ‬௃ͤΖͶࢺͮͪͳߡ͓ΔΗ Ζ ɽ ͞ ͹ ఼ Ͷ ͕ ͏ ͱ ɼʰ ِ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱ ͺ pedigree ‫ ܗ‬Ͷ ଒ ͤ Ζ ΢ ϟ ʖ ζ ʀ ϟ ν ϓΟʖͲ͍Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳͶ͵ΖɽҐ ৏ Γ Ε ɼʰ ِ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱ ͺ ଠ ͹ ್ ྭ Γ Ε ΍ Ω τ β Ϩ ʖ ֨ ௃ ͳ ʽ ِ ʾ ͹ ථ പ Կ͗਒ߨ͢ͱ͕Εɼช๑Կ͹ఖౕ΍ࢀं͹஦Ͳ࠹΍਒ΞͲ͏Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳͶ͵Ζɽ



͕ΚΕͶ

 ຌ ‫ Ͳ ڂ ݜ‬ͺ ɼʰ ୎ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱʰ ࢃ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱʰ ِ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱ ͳ ͏ ͑ ࢀ ͯ ͹ ίʖ η η ν υ Ρ Ν ௪ ͢ ͱ ɼ‫ ގ‬௃ ͹ ΢ ϟ ʖ ζʀϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ ͗ ช ๑ Կ ͹ գ ఖ Ν ‫ ͏ ͱ ܨ‬Ζ ͞ ͳ ɼ‫ ; ٶ‬ɼ ช ๑ Կ ͹ ఖ ౕ ࠫ Ͷ Γ Ε NP ͹ η ϫ ρ φ Ͷ ਫ਼ ً ͤ Ζ ໌ ࢼ ۡ ͹ ࣙ ༟ ౕ Ώ ‫ ގ‬௃ Ͳ ͘ Ζқັ಼༲͗ҡ͵Ζͳ͏఼್͑Νࢨఢͪ͢ɽ ࠹‫ޛ‬Ͷຌ‫͓์͗ڂݜ‬Ζ್ͯ͹໲ୌ఼Νࢨఢ͢ͱ͕ͪ͘͏ɽ୊ҲͶɼ෾ੵଲে͹ঙ͵͠ ͗ ‫ ͝ ڏ‬Δ Η Ζ ɽ ຌ ߚ Ͳ ͺ ࢶ ෱ ͹ ౐ ߻ ͖ Δ ʰ ୎ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱʰ ࢃ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱʰ ِ ͹Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱͳ ͏ ͑ ࢀ ྭ Ͷ ෾ ੵ ଲ ে Ν ߞ ͮ ͱ ͏ Ζ ͗ ɼ‫ ༽ ׵‬ద ͵ ‫ ގ‬௃ ͹ ϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ ͺ ଠ Ͷ΍ʰ പ ‫ ڗ‬͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱʰ ΍ Ώ ͢ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ NPʱ͵ ʹ ଡ ਼ ଚ ࡑ ͤ Ζ ɽΉ ͪ ɼ‫ ࣞ ܙ‬໚ Ͷ ‫͢ ؖ‬ͱ ΍ʰ ୎ ͹ Γ ͑ Ͷ ླྀ Η Ζ ‫ ׾‬ʱΏʰ ॽ ྪ ͹ ࢃ ʱʰ ِ ͖ Κ ͏ ͏ ʱͳ ͏ ͮ ͪ Γ ͑ Ͷʰ NP 1 ͹ Γ͑ ͵ NP 2 ʱ Ґ ֐ Ͷ ΍ ଡ झ ଡ ༹ ͵ ‫ ࣞ ܙ‬Ν ͳ Ζ ‫ ގ‬௃ ͹ ϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ ͗ ؏ ࡱ ͠ Η Ζ ɽ ୊ ್ Ͷ ɼ−88−

誇張に用いられるメタファーの考察ช๑Կ͹ఖౕࠫͶଲͤΖߡࡱ͹෈ଏ͗‫͝ڏ‬ΔΗΖɽຌ‫Ͳڂݜ‬ͺ‫ގ‬௃͹ϟνϓΟʖ͹ช๑ԿͶఖౕࠫ͗ଚࡑͤΖ͞ͳΝࢨఢͪ͗͢ɼ ͞͹Γ͑͵ఖౕࠫ͗ਫ਼ͣΖഐ‫ܢ‬Ͷͯ͏ͱͺ໎Δ͖Ͷ͵ͮͱ͏͵͏ɽҐ৏͹఼Ͷ‫ͱؖ͢‬ͺɼࠕ‫ޛ‬͹՟ୌͳͪ͢͏ɽ

࢘༽αʖϏηࠅ ཱི ࠅ ‫( ॶ ڂ ݜ ޢ‬ฦ ). ʲ ‫ ݳ‬େ ೖ ຌ ‫ ݶ ͘ ॽ ޢ‬ཁ ‫ ߩ ۋ‬α ʖ Ϗ η  ஦ ೴ ‫ ݶ‬൝ ʳ(஦ ೴ ‫ ݶ‬ώ ʖζ ϥ ϱ 2.7.0ɽ υ ʖ ν ώ ʖ ζ ϥ ϱ 2021.03ɽ ).

ࢂলช‫ݛ‬Bybee, J. 2003. Mechanisms of Change in Grammaticization: The Role of Frequency. In Joseph, B.D. and R.D. Janda (eds.) The Handbook of Historical Linguistics , 602–623.
Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Bybee, J. 2015. Language Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Goatly, A. 1997. The Language of Metaphors (2nd edition). London and New York: Routledge.
Grady, J.E. 1997. Foundations of Meaning: Primary Metaphors and Primary Scenes. Ph .D.
dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
૥ ੋ চ ࢢ . 1990.ʰʰ ِ ʱ ͺ ʹ ͞ ͖ Δ པ ͪ ͖ ʱɼʲ Osaka Literary Reviewʳ 29ɼ 1–9ɿLakoff, G. 1987a. The Death of Dead Metaphor. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity 2(2), 143–
147.
Lakoff, G. 1987b. Image Metaphors. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity 2(3), 219-222.
Lakoff, G. 1987c. Women, Fire and Dangerous Things . Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Lakoff, G. and M. Turner. 1989. More than Cool Reason. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
୉ ੶ ‫ ژ‬. 2006.ʰʲ ਭ ͹ ϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ ʳ ࠸ ߡ ʊα ʖ Ϗ η Ν ༽ ͏ ͪ ֕ ೨ ϟ ν ϓ Ο ʖ ෾ ੵ ͹ ࢾΊ ʊʱɼʲ ೖ ຌ ೟ எ ‫ ָ ޢ ݶ‬ճ ࿨ ช ॄ ʳ 6ɼ 277–287ɿࠦ ʓ ໨  ᠵ ଢ ࿢ . 2010a.ʰ ೖ ຌ ͳ ஦ ࠅ Ͷ ͕ ͜ Ζʲ ِ ʳ͹ ΢ ϟ ʖ ζ ͹ ࠫ ҡ Ͷ ͯ ͏ ͱ ʗ Ϝ ΢ϱ χ Ϝ ρ ϕ ௒ ࠬ ͹ ෾ ੵ ʱʲ ࢃ ޳ ୉ ል ช ል ၍ ࢦ ʳ 60ɼ 61-73.
ࠦ ʓ ໨  ᠵ ଢ ࿢ . 2010b.ʰʲ ِ ʳ ͹ ΢ ϟ ʖ ζ ͳ ർ ᄽ න ‫ ݳ‬Ͷ ͯ ͏ ͱ ʗ Π ϱ ί ʖ φ ௒ ࠬ ͹ ෾ੵ ʗ ʱʲ ࢃ ޳ ࠅ ช ʳ 33ɼ 54-68.
Traugott, E.C. 2010. Grammaticalization. In Jucker, A.H. and I. Taavitsainen (eds.) Historical
Pragmatics, 97–126. Berlin and New York: De Gruyter Mouton.

−89−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

聞き手の commitment から見た規約的含意表現 as を含む節の意味解釈
徳永

和博

三重大学 (特任講師)

toku8nn@gmail.com

Abstract
This study reexamines parenthetical as-clauses that appear in sentence-initial or -ﬁnal positions using a commitment-based framework (Geurts 2019). Parenthetical as-clauses have been characterized
as expressions representing conventional implicature (CI; Potts 2002, 2005). However, this argument does not explain why negating the content of as-clauses is rendered felicitous, unlike other CI
expressions. This paper contends that parenthetical as-clauses indicate assertoric commitment andhence require interlocutors to share their commitment to the content of the clauses (“commitment
sharing” in Geurts’s terminology). Commitment sharing can be a starting point for negotiation
between interlocutors. If the hearer declines to be committed to the content of the as-clauses,
commitment sharing does not take place. This process explains why the content of parentheticalas-clauses can be denied in contrast to other CI-expressions.

Keywords: as-clause, commitment, conventional implicature, corpus, sociopragmatics,

speech act

1.

はじめに

本稿は (1) のような「挿入節として用いられる as 節 (parenthetical as-clause)」を対象に、Geurts (2019)の commitment の枠組みを用いて、その語用論的特徴を検討する 1) 。Potts (2002) は挿入節の as 節を 2 種類に分類している。(1a) の as 節内では predicate に当たる部分 (solved the problem) が did で置き換えられており、(1b) の as 節内では、節 (cryptography is a blast ) が省略されている。Potts (2002) では、それぞれPredicate-as 、CP-as と呼ばれている。当該 as 節は、(2a, b) の特徴が指摘されている。
(1)

(2)

a. Juan solved the problem, as Sven did.

[Predicate-as]b. Cryptography is a blast, as Alan claimed.

[CP-as](Potts 2002: 650; 下線は筆者)(ibid.: 624; 下線は筆者)

a. 挿入節の as 節は conventional implicature を示す表現 (CIs) の 1 種である。話し手は as 節の内容を真だと思っていることが規約的に含意される 2) 。

b. CI 表現の内容は、話し手も聞き手も否定の対象にしにくい特徴を持つ。
:::::::(Potts 2002, 2005)(Potts 2007)

第 3 節で確認するように (2b) の特徴づけには検討の余地がある。他の CI 表現と比べると、as 節は聞き手が否定の対象に::::::::
しやすい傾向があるからである。そこで本稿では、第 4 節で取り上げる Geurts (2019) の−90−

聞き手のcommitment から見た規約的含意表現 as を含む節の意味解釈

commitment sharing の枠組みを用いて、as 節が持つ社会語用論的な特徴を分析し、聞き手の立場から as 節の内容がどのように談話内で理解されるのかを明らかにする。そして、結論として以下の 3 点を主張する。

(3)i. as 節は「節内の内容が真であるように振舞う」という「話し手の commitment」を表明する。
ii. commitment の観点から見ると、as 節は assertion に類似した特徴を持ち、他の CI 表現と異なり、commitment sharing を要求する。

iii. (i, ii) が as 節の内容の否定のされやすさに貢献している。

2.

先行研究

2.1.

CI 表現としての as 節の特徴

Potts (2005, 2007) は、conventional implicature を示す様々な表現 (CI 表現) を扱っており、CI 表現の意
味は文の真理条件的な意味から独立していると述べている。例えば、 (4) の挿入句 the cyclist は、真理条件
的な意味 (Descriptive: Lance Armstrong battled cancer という命題の真偽に関わる意味) とは独立した規約的に含意される意味 (Lance Armstrong is a cyclist という意味) を表している 3) 。

(4)Lance Armstrong, the cyclist, battled cancer.
Descriptive4) = Lance Armstrong battled cancer.
(Potts (2007: 668) より本文に合わせ引用)

CI = Lance Armstrong is a cyclist.

CI 表現の意味が真理条件的意味と大きく異なる点は、CI 表現の意味は、談話内で話し手と聞き手の間のcommon ground に入るという点である。つまり、対話者間で共通知識として認識される情報なので、話し手にとっても、聞き手にとっても、真であることが当然のこととして談話内で認識される。例えば、(4) の場合、

CI 表現 the cyclist の意味である「Lance Armstrong が cyclist であること」は、聞き手によって疑問の対象
5)になったり、真偽を問われたりされにくいということになる。実際、Potts (2007) は、聞き手が No, that’s:::::::::

wrong と反対しても、ほとんどの場合、Lance Armstrong battled cancer という Descriptive の内容を否定しているように受け取られると述べている (Potts 2007: 672-673)。このように、CI 表現は、聞き手によって否定の対象に:::::::::
されにくいという特徴がある。

Potts (2002) は、本稿で扱う as 節も CI 表現の一種として分類している。(5) のように、as 節内の内容が真であることを規約的に含意する語であると述べている。

(5)As-morphemes conventionally implicate the truth of their complement [. . . ](Potts (2002: 684) より本文に合わせ引用。下線は筆者)

これまでの Potts の一連の研究を踏まえると、CI 表現である as 節も聞き手から否定::::::::::
されにくい特徴を持つと予測される。しかし、コーパスデータを観察すると、(6a) のように as 節の内容を否定したり、(6b) のように as 節の内容に嫌疑を示したりしている例が見つかる 6) 。

−91−

日本語用論学会(6)

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

a. “But I am not an unmarried young lady, as you are.”“I am not so young any more, ” Tess rejoined.

(COCA: ﬁction)b. Robin Roberts Our thanks to the Game Show Network. For more nostalgic game show fun
check out Game Show Network’s “Play It Back” series featuring each decade’s best shows,that’s starting September 7th as you said. Bob Eubanks Did I say 7? Robin Roberts That
was close enough. You still said Garvin, Gavin.

(COCA: spoken より本文に合わせ引用)(6a) は、男性である話し手が「自分はあなたのような未婚の若い女性ではない」ということを述べ、聞き手である Tess が「自分はもうそれほど若くない」という返答をしている。Tess は、話し手が述べた主節の内容に対して否定をしているのではなく、明らかに CI 表現の as 節の内容を否定している。(6b) についても同様である。話し手 (Robin Roberts) は概略「あなたが言ったように、Game Show Network の Play It Back シ
リーズが 9 月 7 日に始まる予定である」と述べているが、その直後、聞き手 (Bob Eubanks) は「7 日と言いましたか」と疑問文で応答している。その後の話し手の返答 (That was close enough) から分かるように、話し
手は聞き手が実際に述べた日付と異なる日付を言っており、聞き手にとって偽の情報を述べている。こうした例を見ると、挿入節の as 節は、否定のされやすさに関して、他の CI 表現と異なる特徴を持つのではないかという疑問が生じる。次節では、この疑問点を確認するために行った簡易的な容認度調査と、その結果について
説明する。

3.

容認度調査

3.1.

容認度調査の概要

されにくい特徴を持っていれば、容認度調査の概要は (7) である 7) 。もし、as 節が他の CI 表現と同様に否定::::::::::
容認度が低下することが予測される。

(7)

テスト概要

a. オンライン上のテスト (the PsyToolkit platform) を使用 (Stoet 2010, 2017)。
b. Proliﬁc を利用し、アメリカ英語母語話者 10 名に容認度調査を実施。
c. フィラー文を含んだ会話のペアがランダムに表示され、聞き手の返答が自然かどうかを 4 つの尺度
(Extremely natural (EN)、Somewhat natural (SN)、Somewhat unnatural (SU)、Extremely
unnatural (EU)) で答える形式を取った。
d. 文頭・文末で使われる Predicate-as と CP-as を否定する返答 (No, that’s wrong) を含んだ会話
例を提示した。

3.2.

容認度調査の結果

以下、(8) から (15) までが、テストに用いた会話例と容認度調査の結果である。as 節は文頭か文末かの 2 つのタイプがあり、as 節内の主語は、1 人称か 2 人称かのバリエーションがある。natural か unnatural かで人数が多かった方を太字にしている。(8)-(11) は CP-as 、(12)-(15) は Predicate-as である。

−92−

聞き手のcommitment から見た規約的含意表現 as を含む節の意味解釈(8)[CONTEXT: A few days ago, Speaker A said to Speaker B that the tunnel has been underconstruction for three years. Speaker B wants to point out Speaker A’s mistake.]Speaker A: Just as I said, the tunnel has been under construction for ﬁve years.
Speaker B: No, that’s wrong [intended meaning: You didn’t say that].
結果: EN (2), SN (4), SU (3), EU (1)(9)[CONTEXT: A few days ago, Speaker B said to Speaker A that the musical has been running fortwo months. Speaker B wants to point out Speaker A’s mistake.]Speaker A: Just as you said, the musical has been running for two years straight.
Speaker B: No, that’s wrong [intended meaning: I didn’t say that].
結果: EN (4), SN (3), SU (3), EU (0)(10)[CONTEXT: A few days ago, Speaker A said to Speaker B that the new train carries over 500
passengers. Speaker B wants to point out Speaker A’s mistake.]Speaker A: The new train carries over 300 passengers, as I said.
Speaker B: No, that’s wrong [intended meaning: You didn’t say that].
結果: EN (2), SN (4), SU (1), EU (3)(11)[CONTEXT: A few days ago, Speaker B said to Speaker A that the new concert hall can accommodate over 2000 people. Speaker B wants to point out Speaker A’s mistake.]Speaker A: The new concert hall can accommodate over 1000 people, as you said.
Speaker B: No, that’s wrong [intended meaning: I didn’t say that].
結果: EN (3), SN (5), SU (2), EU (0)(12)[CONTEXT: A few days ago, Speaker A said to Speaker B that Speaker A bought an older versionof iPhone. Speaker B wants to point out Speaker A’s mistake.]Speaker A: Just as I did, Mike bought the latest iPhone.
Speaker B: No, that’s wrong [intended meaning: You bought an older version of it, not thelatest one].
結果: EN (3), SN (5), SU (1), EU (1)(13)[CONTEXT: A few days ago, Speaker B won second prize in the lottery. Speaker B wants topoint out Speaker A’s mistake.]Speaker A: Just as you did, Juan won ﬁrst prize in the lottery.
Speaker B: No, that’s wrong [intended meaning: I won second prize, not ﬁrst].
結果: EN (6), SN (1), SU (1), EU (2)(14)[CONTEXT: Speaker A is not so young. Speaker B wants to point out Speaker A’s mistake.]Speaker A: You’re a young unmarried scientist, as am I.
Speaker B: No, that’s wrong [intended meaning: You’re not so young any more.].
結果: EN (3), SN (0), SU (7), EU (0)(15)[CONTEXT: Speaker B is not so young. Speaker B wants to point out Speaker A’s mistake.]Speaker A: I’m a young unmarried scientist, as are you.
Speaker B: No, that’s wrong [intended meaning: I’m not so young any more].
結果: EN (4), SN (2), SU (4), EU (0)−93−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）(8) から (15) において、(14) 以外は、すべてのケースで as 節内の内容を否定する that’s wrong を使った返答の容認度が高い結果となった 8) 。簡易的ではあるが、ここから、Potts の 主張と異なり、as 節の内容を否定す
ることは認可される場合が多いことが分かる。これは、他の CI 表現と異なり、as 節の内容が真である情報として対話者間の common ground に入るものではなく、話し手と聞き手の間で共通知識として認定するかどうかの negotiation が行われることを示唆している。この点で、(5) の一般化は再考の余地があるといえる。これを踏まえて次節では、commitment の側面から Potts の as 節に対する特徴づけを捉え直していく。

4.

Commitment-based theory による分析

4.1.

Commitment について

まず、commitment の概念について概説する。commitment とは、元々言語哲学の分野から提案された概念で、簡潔に言えば、コミュニケーションを「他者との間に規範的な関係を創り出す行為」と捉える社会的概念である 9) 。このアプローチでは発話の意味を以下のように捉えている。

(16) 「話し手が何かを意味し、聞き手がそれを受け取ったときに、話し手と聞き手はそれからどういう振る
舞いをするよう義務付けられるのか」(三木 2022: 7) という規範性 (normativity) の観点から話し手の意味を分析する。

つまり、発話の意味を話し手の信念や意図という心理的な概念で捉えるのではなく、「その発話は対話者間でどういう振る舞いを期待させるものなのか」という発話によって生み出される規範的な関係をベースにして発話の意味を考える。本稿で採用するのは、その中でも Geurts (2019) で提案されている social commitment と呼ばれる枠組みである。

Geurts (2019) は、(17) のように commitment を「話し手」、「聞き手」、「命題」の 3 項関係で捉えている。
この 3 項関係は Ca,b p と表され、「p であるという前提のもとに行為する」という話し手 a の聞き手 b に対するコミットメントの表明であると説明されている (田村 2021 : 89)。

(17)[C]ommitment is a three-place relation between two individuals, a and b, and a propositional
content, p: a is committed to b to act on p, or Ca,b p, for short.
(Geurts (2019: 3-4) より本文に合わせ引用)(17) は話し手側からの commitment を示した定義だが、重要なのは聞き手側も話し手の命題に commit するという点である。これを commitment sharing (以下、CS) と呼ぶ。(18) はその定義である。

(18)

Commitment Sharing (CS)
If Ca,b p, then ceteris paribus Cb,a p(Geurts 2019: 17)(18) では、「話し手側だけでなく聞き手側も、特別な事情がなければ (ceteris paribus)、話し手が発話した pが前提になるように行為する」という commitment が成立するということが述べられている。つまり、Geurts(2019) のいう commitment とは、話し手と聞き手の同意によってはじめて成立する関係であり、両者が受け−94−

聞き手のcommitment から見た規約的含意表現 as を含む節の意味解釈

入れなければ成立しない関係である (Geurts 2019: 19)10) 。(17) と (18) について、Agnes が Bruce に “Clyde

is mowing the lawn” と assert した場合を例に考えてみよう。Geurts (2019) の枠組みに従えば、まず (17)より Ca,b p が成り立つので、話し手は聞き手に対して (19a) のような commitment を示すことになる。そして、CS が成立すれば、(19b) のように、聞き手側も話し手の命題に commit することになる。

(19)

a. Agnes は Bruce に対して Clyde is mowing the lawn が真であるように振舞う。

((17) よりCa,b p)b. Bruce も Agnes に対して Clyde is mowing the lawn が真であるように振舞う。

((18) より

Cb,a p が成立)

CS が成立すれば、命題 Clyde is mowing the lawn は話し手と聞き手の間で真である情報として対話者間で共有されることになる。聞き手に CS が拒否された場合は、この assertion は「真の情報を伝える」という機能を果たせないので、談話の更新に寄与しないことになる 11) 。CS の枠組みから考えると、assertion は「話し手が真であるように振舞う情報を伝える行為」というだけでなく、「相手にもそれが真であるように振舞うことを促す行為」(規範に基づく社会的関係を構築する行為) ということができる。次節では、これを踏まえて、

as 節が assertion に類似した特徴があることを検討する。

4.2.

as 節の assertion らしさ

他の CI 表現と違い、as 節の内容が否定されやすい要因を検討するうえで参考になるのが Green (2000) の研究である。Green (2000) によれば、(20) は 2 つの assertion に分類できるという。ひとつは、if snow iswhite then grass is green という assertion であり、もうひとつは、「発話者は雪は白いものだということにcommit している」という as 節の表す assertoric commitment である。この as 節の assertion らしさを念頭に置いて、Green (2000, 2018) は (20) のような as 節を a weak illocutionary force indicating device (weakiﬁd) と呼んでいる。

(20)

If snow is, as I suppose, white, then grass is green. (Green 2000: 447 より本文に合わせ引用。下線は筆者)

weak iﬁd について、Green (2000) は (21) のように説明している。

(21)

For the use of such a parenthetical as ‘. . . , as I believe’, permits the speaker to undertake
assertoric commitment to a content without asserting it. Doing so can enable the addressee
to understand the speaker’s peculiar commitments without the speaker having to shoulder an
unwanted argumentative burden.12)(Green 2000: 460; 下線は筆者)(21) では概略、「as I believe のような挿入節を使用することによって、話し手は assertion の内容を直接 assert
することなく、その内容について assertoric commitment を表明できる」ということが述べられている。換言
すれば、挿入節の as 節は assertion の一種ということである。

−95−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

これまで見てきた Geurts (2019) の枠組みと Green (2000) の分析を基に as 節の社会語用論的特徴を考え
ると、as 節は assertion のように、話し手の assertoric commitment (話し手は聞き手に対して as 節の内容が真であるように振舞うこと) を表明する表現であり、これに加えて、聞き手との CS を要求する表現であると言える。CS を要求するということは、聞き手は as 節で示された内容に commit するか、しないかが求められることになる。これが、否定のされやすさに貢献していると考えられる。もしCS が成立し、話し手も聞:::::::::
き手も as 節の内容を真であるように振舞うことに commit すれば、他の CI 表現と同様に、as 節内の情報は
対話者間の共通知識として扱われる。一方、話し手が as 節によって提示した内容に対して、聞き手が否定したり、嫌疑を示したりすることによって「事後的な修正」13) が行われた場合は、CS が成立せず、as 節内の情報は対話者間の common ground に入らないといえる。

5.

結論

本稿では、他の CI 表現と異なり、as 節の内容が否定されやすい点に注目して、その社会語用論的要因を

commitment-based theory の観点から検討した。結論として、挿入節として使われる as 節は、「節内の内容が真であるように振舞う」という話し手の assertoric commitment を表明し、commitment sharing を聞き手に促す表現であるため、聞き手がそれを共有するかどうかの選択が生まれるので、否定されやすいことを指摘:::::::::した。

謝辞
本稿の元となる第 25 回語用論学会の発表資料を作成するうえで大変有益なコメントをくださった 3 名の匿名
査読者の方々、第 25 回語用論学会でコメントをくださった先生方、 大阪大学の三木那由他先生、大阪認知言語学研究会のメンバーの方々、三重大学 Ling Supper 研究会のメンバーの方々に感謝申し上げる。本稿の不備・誤りはすべて筆者の責任である。

注1) 本稿では Potts (2002, 2005) の用語に従う。
2) 澤田 (2020: 26) によれば、implicature は「推意」という訳語が定着しているとされており、本によっては conventional

implicature を「慣習的推意」と呼ぶが、本研究では特に区別なく「規約的含意」と呼ぶ。
3) Potts (2005) では、非制限用法の関係節や文副詞、敬語や expressives など多様な CI 表現が扱われている。こうした理由から、厳密に言えば、ここで対象としているのは「狭義の CI 表現」である。
4) Descriptive は Potts (2005) などで at-issue meaning (真理条件的な意味) と呼ばれるものと同様のものである。また、CI 表現の意味が真理条件的な意味と独立していることをどう確認するのかということや、CI 表現のその他の特徴については Potts (2005) を参照。また、Gutzmann(2013) は先行研究の主張の優れたまとめとなっており、CI 表現の研究を概観するうえで有益な文献である。
5) Potts (2007) では、この特性を assertoric inertia と呼んでいる。
6) 用いたコーパスは Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) (Davies 2008-) である。検索日は 2022 年 9月 27 日である。
7) ここで行った容認度調査は非常に簡易的なものであり、今後より厳密な形で行う必要がある。
8) (14) は容認度が低いが、この要因については今後の課題としたい。
9) commitment の捉え方や定義は様々である。言語哲学の立場からは三木 (2019, 2022) や Michael (2022)、社会語用論の立場からは Elder (2021)、関連性理論の立場から Boulat and Maillat (2017)、speech act 関係では Fogal et al. (2018)がある。また、Michael (2022) は規範性が関わる事例だけではなく、心理的な要因も commitment の形成に重要な役割があると主張し、実験によって仮説を検証している。

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聞き手のcommitment から見た規約的含意表現 as を含む節の意味解釈

10) commitment ベースの speech act に関する研究は歴史が古く、MacFarlane (2011) では、assertion と commitment についての研究は Peirce (1934) まで遡れることが述べられている。また、代表的な研究も列挙されている。
11) Geurts (2019) は、common ground ではなく、CS が談話の更新に関わるという立場に立っている。
12) Green (2000:

460) では、“without the speaker having to shoulder an unwanted argumentative burden” とされているが、これは筆者の見解とは異なる。例えば (6a) のように聞き手の考えている事実と異なることを as 節で言われた場
合、話し手は聞き手から非難される可能性もあると思われる。
13) ここでは、話し手がまず commitment sharing を要求し、それに対して聞き手が事後的に共有を否定しているという意味

で「事後的な修正」という表現を用いている。

参照文献
Boulat, K. and D. Maillat. 2017. “She Said You Said I Saw It with My Own Eyes: a Pragmatic Account ofCommitment.” In J. Blochowiak, C. Grisot, S. Durrleman, C. Laenzlinger (eds.) Formal Models in the Study ofLanguage, 261–279. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
Davies, M. 2008-. The Corpus of Contemporary American English: 560 million words, 1990-present.
https://corpus.byu.edu./coca/.
Elder, C. 2021. “Speaker Meaning, Commitment and Accountability.” In M. Haugh, D.Z.Kádár., and M. Terkouraﬁ (eds).The Cambridge Handbook of Sociopragmatics, 48–68. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fogal, D., Daniel, W.H., and Matt M. (eds.). 2018. New Work on Speech Acts. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Geurts, B. 2019. “Communication as Commitment Sharing: Speech Acts, Implicatures, Common Ground.” Theoretical Linguistics 45, 1–30.
Green, M.S. 2000. “Illocutionary Force and Semantic Content.” Linguistics and Philosophy 23, 435–473.
Green, M.S. 2018. “Reﬁnement and Defense of Force/Content Distinction.” In Fogal, D., Daniel, W.H., and Matt
M. (eds.) New Work on Speech Acts, 99–122. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gutzmann, D. 2013. “Expressives and Beyond: An Introduction to Varieties of Use-Conditional Meaning.” In
Gutzmann, D. and Gärtner H.M. (eds.) Beyond Expressives: Explorations in Use-Conditional Meaning, 1–58.
Netherlands: Brill.
MacFarlane, J. 2011. “What is assertion?” In Brown J. and H. Cappelen (eds.) Assertion, 79–96. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Michael, J. 2022. The Philosophy and Psychology of Commitment. London and New York: Routledge.
三木那由他. 2019.『話し手の意味の心理性と公共性』東京: 勁草書房.
三木那由他. 2022.「意味とコミットメント」（シンポジウム「言語の意味研究の現在」, 関西言語学会 (2022 年 6 月 11日–12 日, オンライン).
Peirce, C.S. 1934. Belief and Judgement. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Potts, C. 2002. “The Syntax and Semantics of As-Prentheticals.” Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 20,
623–668.
Potts, C. 2005. The Logic of Conventional Implicatures. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Potts, C. 2007. “Into the Conventional-Implicature Dimension.” Philosophy Compass 2(4), 665–679.
澤田淳. 2020.「第 2 章 グライス語用論」, 加藤重広・澤田淳 (編)『はじめての語用論–基礎から応用まで』, 24–40, 東京:
研究社.
Stoet, G. 2010. “PsyToolkit - A Software Package for Programming Psychological Experiments Using Linux.”
Behavior Research Methods, 42(4), 1096–1104.
Stoet, G. 2017. “PsyToolkit: A Novel Web-Based Method for Running Online Questionnaires and Reaction-TimeExperiments.” Teaching of Psychology, 44(1), 24–31.
田村早苗. 2021.「コミットメント概念に基づく 2 種のコトダ構文の分析」,『KLS Selected Papers: Selected Papers
from the Meeting of the Kansai Linguistic Society 3』, 80–94.

−97−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ճ࿫஦͹ඉೋ͖Δմ͘໎͖ͤ༓ਕಋ࢞͹਎͢͠ʗ೵ྙͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ༑྾͗࿫ୌͳ͵ΖΏΕͳΕͶ஥໪͢ͱʗ੤ࡗ ྆
‫ؖ‬੤ָӅ୉ָ୉ָӅʽ Abstract ʾ The purpose of this study is to examine the close
relationship between friends. To approach it, this study analyzes “self deprecation – agreement of self-deprecation” sequences, which causes
inferiority complex of the self-deprecation’s speaker. Results of theanalysis by using Conversation Analysis as the research methodology, I
found that the speakers structure the conversation relying on “Therecipient knows who he is”, and the recipients also shows by his responsethat he knows the speaker. Therefore, participants were referring to eachother's knowledge and using it as a resource to structure theirconversation. This could be one basis for being intimate.
ʴ Ϋ ʖ ϭ ʖ χ ʵʁ ճ ࿫ ෾ ੵ ʀ ਎ ͢ ͏ ‫ ܐ ؖ‬ʀ త ଲ ‫ ܐ ؖ‬ʀ ࣙ ٰ ʀ ༑ ྾ ̏ɿͺͣΌͶ ଠंͳ͹༑྾Ν݀ͤΖ͞ͳͺɼ‫ܐؖ‬੓͹ң࣍Ͷͳͮͱ‫͵ݧث‬΍͹Ͳ͍Ζͳߡ͓ΔΗ
Ζ ɽྭ ͓ ͻ ɼ3RPHUDQW]  Ͳ ͺ ɼ࿫ ͢ घ ͹ ࣙ ٰ ద ൅ ࿫ʤ VHOIGHSUHFDWLRQʥͶ ଲ ͢ ɼซ͘घ͗ಋқͪ͢৖߻ɼͨΗͺ࿫͢घ΃͹൹൓Ͷͯ͵͗ΖՆ೵੓͍͗ΖͪΌɼਕʓͺ෈ಋқΝߨ͑ɼ͍Ζ͏ͺɼಋқΝඈ͜Ζ͞ͳͶࢦ޴ͤΖͳफ़΄ΔΗͱ͏ΖɽҲ๏ɼٰࣙͶಋқ͢ɼ༑྾Ν͍͓ͱ‫ࡑݨ‬Կ͢ɼతଲͤΖߨҟΝߨ͑͞ͳ΍͍Ζɽ ଠ๏ɼతଲ‫ܐؖ‬Νߑ஛ͤΖ͞ͳ͗ɼ‫ٱ‬Ͷ ʰ਎͢͏‫ܐؖ‬੓ʱΝࣖ͢߻͑΍͹ͳ͢ͱखΕ ѽ Κ Η Ζ ͞ ͳ ΍ ͍ Ζ ʤ %DWHVRQ ɼ ୉ ௣ ʥɽ ͢ ͖ ͢ ɼ ͨ Η ͗ ৙ Ͷ ਎ ͢ ͏ ‫ܐ ؖ‬੓Νࣖͤ΍͹ͳ͵ΖΚ͜Ͳͺ͵͚ɼຌ‫ـ‬͹΍͹ͳ͢ͱଌ͓ΔΗΖ͞ͳ΍͍Ζɽͨ͹ͪΌɼਕʓͺɼͨΗ͗৓஌Ͳ͍Ζͳซ͘घͶ΍Κ͖ΖΓ͑Ͷɼ঺͏Ώӈཱ૤ࡠ͵ʹ͹๏๑ Ν ༽ ͏ Ζ ͳ ͏ ͑ ʤ ୉ ௣ ʥɽ Ҳ ๏ Ͳ ซ ͘ घ ΍ ɼ ৓ ஌ ͫ ͳ ཀྵ մ ͢ ͪ ͞ ͳ Ν ࣖ ͤ ͪ ΌͶɼ঺ͮͪΕɼ࿫͢घ͹࿫͢๏͵ʹΝਇࣇͪ͢Εͳ͏ͮͪ๏๑Ν༽͏Ζ͞ͳ͗໎Δ͖

−98−会話中の非難から解き明かす友人同士の親しさ―能力に関する優劣が話題となるやりとりに着目して―Ͷ ͠ Η ͱ ͏ Ζ ʤ ୉ ௣ ʥɽ Ґ৏͹઎ߨ‫͖ڂݜ‬Δ΍Κ͖Ζ௪Εɼతଲ‫ܐؖ‬͹ߑ஛ͳ͏͑ϨλʖηΝ༽͏ͱ঺͏߻
͑ΏΕͳΕ͖Δͺɼ౲֚͹ճ࿫ࢂՅंಋ࢞͹਎͢͏‫ܐؖ‬੓Ν֠ؔ‫ݡ‬Ζ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζɽଠ๏ɼͨ΍ͨ΍ʰ਎͢͏ʱͳͺʹ͹Γ͑͵͞ͳΝࢨͤ͹ͫΘ͖͑ɽྭ͓ͻɼೖʓ͹ࣙ෾ࣙਐ͹‫͗ʹ͵ݩܨ‬৙Ͷ‫༙͠ڠ‬ΗΖΓ͑͵஧͵͹͖ɼָߏͳ͏͑৖Ͳέϧηϟʖφͳ͢ͱ࿫ͤΓ͑͵஧͵͹͖ɼͨ͹౐ౕɼ਎͢͠͹қັ߻͏͗รΚΕ͑Ζ΍͹͹Γ͑ͶࢧΚΗΖɽ͖͢͢͵͗Δɼͨ͹Γ͑͵༹ʓ͵਎͢͠͹ร਼Ͷଲ͢ͱɼͨΗ͗Ҳରʹ͹Γ͑͵਎͢͠͵͹͖ͳ͏͑͞ͳͶͯ͏ͱͺɼ͞ΗΉͲրΌͱ໲ΚΗΖ͞ͳͺ͠Ηͱ ͞͵͖ͮͪͳߡ͓ΔΗΖɽͨ͞Ͳɼຌ൅නͲͺɼ తଲ‫ܐؖ‬Νߑ஛ͤΖͳ͏͑ΏΕͳΕ͹੓࣯͗ɼ਎͢͏‫ܐؖ‬੓Νනड़ͤΖ΍͹Ͳ͍Ζͳ͏ཱི͑৖ΝखΖ͹Ͳͺ͵͚ɼͨ͹ΏΕͳΕ Νߨ͑஦Ͳʰ਎͢͏ ‫ ܐ ؖ‬੓ ʱ ͗ nཤ ༽ ͠ Η ͱ ͏ Ζ |͞ ͳ Ν क ௃ ͤ Ζ ɽ ͨ ͑ ͤ Ζ ͞ ͳ Ͳ ɼ ਎ ͢ ͠ ͹ ຌ ࣯ Ͷ Πϕϫʖο͢ͱ͏ͪ͘͏ɽͨ͹ͪΌͶɼຌ൅නͲͺճ࿫υʖν͹஦͖Δɼ๱ಆͲखΕ৏ͪ͝༑྾͗‫ࡑݨ‬ԿͤΖΏΕͳΕΝखΕड़͢ɼ෾ੵΝߨ͏ͪ͏ɽ
ਕʓ͹ճ࿫Ͷ͕͏ͱ ɼࢂ༫ंؔ͹ʰ‫ܐؖ‬੓ʱཱི͗ͬ‫ݳ‬ΗΖ͞ͳͺ ɼ͞ΗΉͲ͹‫ڂݜ‬Ͷ ͕ ͏ ͱ ΍ ࢨ ఢ ͠ Η ͱ ͏ Ζ ɽྭ ͓ ͻ ɼ੤ ࡗʤ ʥͺ ɼు ࿫ ճ ࿫ Ͷ ‫ ͤ ؖ‬Ζ ߡ ࡱ ͹ ஦ Ͳ ɼʰు࿫͹͖͜घͳण͜घ͹‫ܐؖ‬ͺు࿫͹ճ࿫͹߻ཀྵ੓͹ࠞ‫ͱ͢ͳڎ‬ಊҽ͠Ηͱ͏Ζʱ
ʤ Sʥͳ फ़ ΄ ͱ ͏ Ζ ɽ͢ ͪ ͗ ͮ ͱ ɼ
ʰ ు ࿫ ͹ ֐ ͹ ‫ ܐ ؖ‬ͺ ɼు ࿫ ͹ ஦ ͹ ༹ ʓ ͵ ‫ ۃ‬໚ Ͷ ͕͏ͱಃ͜ͱ‫͓ݡ‬Ζʱ
ʤ Sʥͳ ͏ ͑ ɽ͠ Δ Ͷ ɼ߶ ໨ʤ ʥͲ ΍ ɼు ࿫ ͹ ճ ࿫ Ͷ ͕ ͏ ͱ ɼࢂ༫ंಋ࢞͹ʰ਎ື͵‫ܐؖ‬ʱ͗ࠕ͞͞͹૮‫ߨޕ‬ҟͶ͕͏ͱࣰભ͠Ηͱ͏Ζ͞ͳΝࢨఢ
͢ͱ͏Ζɽ͞ΗΔ͹͞ͳ͖Δɼਕʓ͹ճ࿫ΝଲেͶਕʓ͹਎͢͠ΝߡࡱͤΖ͞ͳͺ༙ް͵घஊͲ͍Ζͳߡ͓ΔΗΖɽΉͪɼຌ൅නͲखΕ৏͝ΖࣆྭͺɼಝͶɼ༑྾ͳ͏͑
್ߴଲཱི‫ࡑݨ͗ܐؖ‬ԿͤΖΓ͑͵΍͹Ͷ঱఼Ν౲ͱΖɽ༑྾Νཤ༽ͤΖճ࿫Ͷ஥໪ͤΖ ͹ ͺ ɼ༑ ྾ Ν ݀ ͤ Ζ ͞ ͳ ࣙ ର ͗ ɼ͍ Ζ ఖ ౕ ਎ ͢ ͚ ͵ ͜ Η ͻ ࠖ ೋ ͵ ࿫ ୌ Ͳ ͍ Ζ Ҳ ๏ Ͳ ɼͨΗΝཤ༽͢ͱΏΕͳΕΝߑ஛ͤΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζ఼Ͳɼ਎͢͠͹ࠞ‫ڎ‬Ͷ͵Ε͑Ζͳߡ
͓ΔΗΖ͖ΔͲ͍Ζɽ Ґ৏ΝಁΉ͓ຌ൅නͲͺɼ༓ਕಋ࢞͹ؔͲ༑྾͚͗ͯΓ͑͵࿫ୌ͹஦Ͳਫ਼ͣ ΖΏΕͳΕͶ஥໪͢ɼͨ͹஦Ͳճ࿫ࢂՅंͪͬ͗ճ࿫Νߑ੔ͤΖ৏Ͳཤ༽͢ͱ͏Ζࣁ‫ݱ‬ɼ͠ΔͶ‫ͻ͓ݶ‬ɼ‫ܐؖ‬੓Ͷͯ͏ͱɼճ࿫෾ੵ͹घ๑Ν༽͏ɼ൅࿫࿊࠱৏͹Ғ஖ͳૌΊཱིͱ͹؏఼͖Δ‫ى‬फ़ͤΖɽͨ͹৏Ͳɼճ࿫ࢂՅंಋ࢞͹਎͢͏‫ܐؖ‬੓͗ʹ͹Γ͑Ͷ ཱིͬ‫ݳ‬Ηͱ͏Ζ͹͖Νߡࡱ͢ͱ͏ͪ͘͏ɽ


−99−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

̐ɿυʖν͹ઈ໎ຌ൅නͲͺ̐ͯ͹υʖνΝ࢘༽ͪ͢ɽ̏ ͯ ͺ ɼ 7DON%DQNʤ 0DF:KLQQH\ʥ Ͷ फ ࿧ ͠ Η ͱ ͏ Ζ &DOOKRPH ͖ Δ ɼ ̐ ໌ ͹ೖຌ‫ޢ‬฾‫ޢ‬࿫ंͶΓΖు࿫ճ࿫Νࡀ༽ͪ͢ɽ̐ਕʤϝΨͳΩψʥͺಋͣ୉ָͶ௪͑ಋ‫څ‬ਫ਼Ͳ͍Ζ͗ɼΩψͺ‫ࡑݳ‬ΠϟϨΩͶָཻ͢ͱ͏ΖɽϝΨͺΩψָཻ͗஦Ͷद‫ۂ‬͹ େศ  Ν ഛ ͮ ͱ ड़ ͪ Ε ɼκ ϝ ݀ Ό ͹ ͪ Ό ͹ ৚ ๅ ఑ ‫ ʹ ͵ ڛ‬Ν ͢ ͱ ͏ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͖ Δ ɼྒྷ ޹ ͵ ‫ܐ ؖ‬
Ͳ͍Ζ͞ͳ͗ਬ଎͠ΗΖɽ΍͑̏ͯͺɼ
ʲೖຌ‫ޢ‬ೖ৙ճ࿫αʖϏηʳʤ ঘ ұ ଠ ʥ͖ Δ ɼ̐ ໌ ͹ ೖ ຌ ‫ ޢ‬฾ ‫ ޢ‬࿫ंͶΓΖ‫ڋ‬ठԲͲ͹࿧Խʀ࿧ժυʖνΝࡀ༽ͪ͢ɽ ਕʤඎ‫ࠞͳܙ‬ຌʥͺ஦ָ͹ಋ‫څ‬ਫ਼Ͳ͍ΕɼՊ͗ͳͱ΍͚ۛɼ‫Ͳࡑݳ‬΍ළൡͶճ͑஧Ͳ͍Ζͳ͏͑ɽ Ήͪɼඎ‫ܙ‬ͺ୉ָӅਫ਼Ͳ͍Εɼम৮‫׈‬ಊ஦Ͳ͍ΖɽҲ๏ɼࠞຌͺऀճਕͲ͍Ζɽɿ ෾ ੵ  ༑ ྾ ͗ ‫ ࡑ ݨ‬Կ ͤ Ζ ࣙ ٰ ͳ Ԣ ౶ ҐԾ͹ʴஇฤ̏ʵΝ‫ͱݡ‬ΊΓ͑ɽ͞Ηͺָཻ஦͹ΩψͳೖຌͶे΋ϝΨ͹ճ࿫Ͳ͍Ζ ɽ ஭ ໪ ͤ Ζ ՗ ॶ ͺ  ߨ ໪ ʤ ˢ ʥ ͳ  ߨ ໪ ʤ ˲ ʥ Ͳ ͍ Ζ ɽ ͵ ͕ ɼ இ ฤ ͹ ॽ ͘ ً ͞ ͢‫ ߺ ى‬Ͷ ͯ ͏ ͱ ͺ ɼ ෉ ‫ ى‬Ͷ ‫ ͤ ࡎ ܟ‬Ζ න ̏ Ν ࢂ ল ͠ Η ͪ ͏ ɽ ʴ இ ฤ ̏ ʰ ർ ΄ Ξ ͵ ʱ &DOOKRPHʵ ʤʤ இ ฤ ௜ ઴ Ͳ ͺ ɼ ϝ Ψ ͗ Ω ψ Ͷ ଲ ͢ ɼʰ ӵ ‫ ͵ ޢ‬Ξ ͖ ࿫ ͢ ͱ ʱ ͳ ண Կ ͤ Γ ͑ ͵ ‫ ͏ ݶ‬๏ Ͳғ བ Ν ߨ ͏ ɼ ͨ Η Ͷ ଲ ͢ Ω ψ ͺ ʰ ஽ Η ͵ ͏ ʱ ͳ ఏ ߇ Ν ࣖ ͢ ͱ ͏ Ζ ɽʥʥ 
13  ϝ Ψ ʁ ஽ Η Ζ Γ ͑ ͵ ͮ ͪ ʃ [͵ Ξ 14  Ω ψ ʁ[hhh
15  Ω ψ ʁ Κ ͖ - Ξ ::͍ Ξ Ή ஽ Η ΃ Ξ ͜ ʹ :ͨ Ξ ͵ ΄ [Δ ΄ Δ .
16  ϝ Ψʁ                   [haha ͢ Ύ (h)΄ (h)Η (h)Γ17     hoho.hh
18  Ω ψ ʁ [ͨ Ξ ͵ ஽ Η ΃ Ξ ͜ ʹ ::,19  ϝ Ψ ʁ [na ซ ͘ ͳ Η Ζ ͞ ͳ ͺ ซ ͘ ͳ Η Ζ ʃ =20  Ω ψ ʁ =Ͳ ΍ (.)‫ ͳ ͞ ͑ ͳ ͮ ݶ‬ͺ ୉ ର Κ ͖ Ζ .(0.3)͑ Ξ .
21  ϝ Ψ ʁ Κ ͖ Ζ Γ ͑ ͵ ͮ ͪ ʃ
22  Ω ψ ʁ ͑ Ξ :.
23    (0.7)
24  ϝ Ψ ʁ Ώ Ζ Ώ Ξ ,25    (1.0)
26  Ω ψ ʁ Κ ͖ Ζ Γ ͑ ͵ ͮ ͪ ͖ ͵ ::෕ ௪ ͹ ,27    (2.0)
28  Ω ψ ʁ ஽ ͮ ͳ ͑ ͞ ͳ ͳ ͖ .=29 ˢ ϝ Ψ ʁ =<ঙ ͵ ͚ ͳ ΍ >ࢴ Γ Ε ঋ ͱ Ζ ʃ huhuhu
30 э Ω ψ ʁ .hhhhhh Ή h ͍ h ͸ h:
31  ϝ Ψ ʁ Ĺ.hĹ.hĹ.hĹ.h−100−

会話中の非難から解き明かす友人同士の親しさ―能力に関する優劣が話題となるやりとりに着目して―

32  Ω ψ ʁ haha:
33  ϝ Ψ ʁ ¥ർ ΄ Ξ ͵ :ͮ ͱ ¥ʃ
34  Ω ψ ʁ ͑ Ξ ::.(ͳ h ͖ h ͮ ͱ hʙ ർ h ΄ h Ξ h-)Κ ͖ Δ ΃ Ξ .
  ߨ ໪ ͖ Δ ͹ ࿊ ࠱ Ͷ ࢺ Ζ Ή Ͳ ɼ ϝ Ψ ͺ Ω ψ Ͷ ଲ ͢ ɼ ӵ ‫ ͗ ޢ‬࿫ ͦ Ζ Γ ͑ Ͷ ͵ ͮ ͪ ͖ ɼซ ͘ ख Η Ζ Γ ͑ Ͷ ͵ ͮ ͪ ͖ ɼͳ ࣯ ໲ ͢ ͱ ͏ Ζʤ ɼ ߨ ໪ ʥɽͨ Η Δ Ͷ ଲ ͢ ɼΩ ψ ͺ ɼ஽ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͺ Ͳ ͘ ͵ ͏ ͗ ɼซ ͘ ख Ε ͺ Ͳ ͘ Ζ Γ ͑ Ͷ ͵ ͮ ͪ ͳ ౶ ͓ Ζʤ ɼɼ ߨ ໪ ʥɽΩψ͹Ԣ౶Ͷଲ͢ɼϝΨͺʰΏΖΏΞʱͳߢఈద͵඲ՃΝ༫͓Ζɽ͖͢͢ɼͨ͹඲Ճ͹‫ޛ‬ɼΩψͺʰ෕௪͹஽ͮͱ͏Ζ͞ͳͺΚ͖Ζʱͳɼࣙਐ͹೵ྙͶͯ͏ͱήϪʖχξΤ ϱ ͤ Ζ Γ ͑ ͵ ൅ ࿫ Ν ߨ ͑ʤ ɼ ߨ ໪ ʥɽ ߨ ໪ ͺ ͨ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ Ω ψ ͹ ൅ ࿫ ͹ ‫ ޛ‬͹ Ғ஖Ͳࢊड़͠ΗΖɽϝ Ψ ͹  ߨ ໪ ͹ ൅ ࿫ Ͷ ஭ ໪ ͤ Ζ ͳ ɼʰ ঙ ͵ ͚ ͳ ΍ ʱͳ ͏ ͑ ࠹ ఁ ‫ ͍ Ͳ ݸ‬Ζ ͞ ͳ Ν න ͤ෯ࢼ͗ࢴʤϝΨʥͶर২ͤΖ‫ࢊͲܙ‬ड़͠Ηͱ͏Ζɽͪ͗ͮ͢ͱɼϝΨͺࣙ෾ࣙਐΝ࠹ఁ ͳ ͢ ͱ ɼ ͨ ͹ ࣙ ෾ Γ Ε ΍ Ω ψ ͗ ঋ ͱ Ζ ͖ Ν ซ ͏ ͱ ͏ Ζ ͳ ‫ ͓ ݶ‬Ζ ɽ ͞ ͹ ͞ ͳ ͖ Δ ɼ ߨ ໪ ͹ ϝ Ψ ͹ ൅ ࿫ Ͷ ͺ ࣙ ٰ ద ੓ ࣯ ͗ ‫ ؜‬Ή Η ͱ ͏ Ζ Γ ͑ Ͷ ‫ ͓ ݡ‬Ζ ɽͨ Η Ͷ ଲ ͢ʰ Ή ͍ ͸ ʱͳ౶͓Ζ͞ͳͺɼ࣯໲ͶଲͤΖԢ౶Νࢊड़ͤΖͳಋ࣎ͶɼϝΨ͹ӵ‫͗ྙޢ‬ఁ͏ͳ͏͑ࣙ ٰ Ͷ ͕ ͕ ΋ ͸ ಋ қ ͤ Ζ ͞ ͳ Ͷ ΍ ͵ Ζ ͫ Θ ͑ ɽΉ ͪ ɼ ߨ ໪ ͺʰ ঋ ͱ Ζ ʃ ʱͳ ͏ ͑ ࣯໲Ͳ͍ΕɼΩψ͗৏Ͳ͍Ζ͞ͳΝන໎͢ͱ͏ΖΓ͑Ͷ‫͓ݡ‬ΖɽͨΗΝ ʰΉ͍͸ʱͳ೟Ό Ζ ͞ ͳ ͺ ɼࣙ ਐ ͹ ༑ ੐ ͵ ཱི ৖ Ν ೟ Ό Ζ ͞ ͳ Ͷ ΍ ͵ Ζ ɽ͢ ͪ ͗ ͮ ͱ ɼ ߨ ໪ Ͷ ଲ ͤ Ζ ߨ ໪ ͹ Ԣ ౶ ͺ ɼΩ ψ ͳ ϝ Ψ ͹ ༑ ྾ ͹ ࠫ Ν ‫ ࡑ ݨ‬Կ ͠ ͦ ͱ ͏ Ζ ͳ ‫ ͓ ݶ‬Ζ ɽͨ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ΏΕ ͳ Ε ͹ ‫ ޛ‬ɼϝ Ψ ͳ Ω ψ ͺ ঺ ͏ʤ ɼ ߨ ໪ ʥɼକ ͚  ߨ ໪ Ͳ ϝ Ψ ͺʰ ¥ർ ΄ Ξ ͵ :ͮͱ ¥ʃ ʱͳ ɼͶ Ώ ͜ Ν ൒ ͏ ͵ ͗ Δ ࣯ ໲ Ν ߨ ͑ ɽ͞ ͹ ൅ ࿫ Ͷ ͺʰ ͮ ͱ ʱͳ ͏ ͑ Ӏ ༽ Ν ࣖ ͤන‫͏༽͗ݳ‬ΔΗͱ͏Ζ΍͹͹ɼʰ ർ ΄ Ξ ͵ ʱͳ ͏ ͑ ɼΩ ψ ͹ ൅ ࿫ Ͷ ͺ න Η ͱ ͏ ͵ ͏ ΍ ͹͗Ӏ༽͠Ηͱ͏ΖɽͨΗΔΝ‫؜‬Ξͫ൅࿫͗‫ޢ‬ඎΝ৏͝ͱࢊड़͠Ηͱ͏Ζ͞ͳ͖ΔɼΩψͶଲͤΖՁΔ͖͹֮೟གྷ‫ٽ‬Νߨͮͱ͏ΖΓ͑Ͷ‫͓ݡ‬Ζɽକ ͏ ͱ ɼʴ இ ฤ ̐ ʵ ΍ ‫ ͱ ݡ‬Ί Γ ͑ ɽ ͞ ͹ ࣆ ྭ Ͷ ΍ ɼʴ இ ฤ ̏ ʵ ͳ ྪ ࣇ ͤ Ζ ࿊ ࠱ ߑ ଆ ͗‫ ݡ‬Δ Η Ζ ɽ ஭ ໪ ͤ Ζ ՗ ॶ ͺ  ߨ ໪ ʤ ˢ ʥ ͳ ɼ  ߨ ໪ ʤ ˲ ʥ Ͳ ͍ Ζ ɽ ʴ இ ฤ ̐ ʰ ͖ ͵ ͍ ͑ Ξ ͱ ʱ &(-&B7Bʵ ʤʤ ඎ ‫ ܙ‬ͺ ɼ υ ʖ ν फ ࿧ ͹ ‫ ྙ ڢ‬Ͷ Γ ͮ ͱ 12 ຬ ͹ ๅ ृ ͗ ΍ Δ ͓ Ζ Δ ͢ ͏ ɽʥʥ
23  ࠞ ຌ ʁ .h::::ʆ ͏ ͏ ͵ :ʆ ̏ ̐ ຬ ͕ Η ΍ Ά ͢ ͏ ͵ ::,24ඎ ‫ ܙ‬ʁ ͏ ͏ ͣ Ύ Ξ ,(.)΍ Δ ͮ ͱ Ξ ͣ Ύ [Ξ ,]25  ࠞ ຌ ʁ            [͍ ]Ώ ΄ .((ৱ ΄ ෼ Ν ཚ ͳ ͤ ))26    (0.7)
27ࠞ ຌ ʁ ͓ ?(.)΍ Δ ͮ ͱ ͵ ͏ Γ ::.
28  ඎ ‫ ܙ‬ʁ nhh−101−

日本語用論学会

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第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）   (8.0)ࠞ ຌ ʁ <΍ Δ ͮ Ĺͱ Ξ >͵ Ξ ͱ Γ ͚ Α ͑ Γ ͸ ,ඎ ‫ ܙ‬ʁ ʆ ͏ Ώ ʆ Ͷ ͣ ΐ ͑ ͵ Ξ ຬ ΍ Δ ͮ ͱ Ζ ͮ [͢ Β :. ] ࠞຌʁ[(cough)]Ѝࠞຌʁ̑ɾ̒೧ͪ͢Δ͕઴͹๏͗΍Δ͑ͧ,   (1.5)эඎ‫ܙ‬ʁ͖͵͌, ࠞ ຌ ʁ >ʆ ͑ Ξ ʆ <.=э ඎ ‫ ܙ‬ʁ =͑ Ξ .
   (2.0)
 ࠞ ຌ ʁ ͖ ͵ ͌ ͑ Ξ ͱ .hh ඎ‫ܙ‬ʁ͑Ξ.
   (2.9)ඎ‫ܙ‬ʁΚ͖ΔΞΓ.

 ߨ ໪ Ͳ ࠞ ຌ ͺ ɼ ඎ ‫ ͗ ܙ‬ճ ࿫ α ʖ Ϗ η ͹ ‫ ྙ ڢ‬Ͷ Γ ͮ ͱ  ຬ ԃ ͹ ๅ ृ Ν ण ͜ ख Ζ ͞ͳ Ͷ દ Ή ͢ ͠ Ν ࣖ ͤ ɽͨ Η Ν ण ͜ ɼඎ ‫ ܙ‬ͺ ࠞ ຌ ͗ Ձ ͖ ͢ Δ ͹ ๅ ृ Ν ΍ Δ ͮ ͱ ͏ Ζ  ͞ ͳͶ‫͢ٶݶ‬ɼࠞຌ͖Δ͹દΊΝյඈ͢ͱ͏ΖΓ͑Ͷ‫͓ݡ‬Ζɽଲ͢ɼࠞຌͺʰ΍Δͮͱ͵ʰ <΍ Δ ͮ Ĺͱ Ξ >͵ Ξ ͱ Γ ͚͏ ʱͳ ൳ ఈ Ν ߨ ͏ʤ  ߨ ໪ ʥɼ͢ ͻ Δ ͚ ௞ ໩ ͗ କ ͏ ͪ ‫  ޛ‬ɼΑ ͑ Γ ͸ ,ʱͳ Ҳ ౕ ౏ ઀ Η ͪ Ώ Ε ͳ Ε Ν ࠸ ֋ ͢ ɼඉ ೋ Ͷ ΍ ซ ͞ ͓ Ζ ൅ ࿫ Ν ߨ ͑ ɽͨ Η Νण ͜ ͱ ɼඎ ‫ ܙ‬ͺʰ ʆ ͏ Ώ ʆ Ͷ ͣ ΐ ͑ ͵ Ξ ຬ ΍ Δ ͮ ͱ Ζ ͮ ͢ Β :.ʱͳ ɼࠞ ຌ ͗ ΍ Δ ͮ ͱ͏ Ζ ‫ ڇ‬ྋ ͫ ͳ ࢧ Κ Η Ζ ۜ ֻ Ͷ ‫ ͤ ٶ ݶ‬Ζ ͞ ͳ Ͳ ൕ ࿨ ͤ Ζ ɽ ߨ ໪ ͺ ͨ ͹ ‫ ޛ‬͹ Ғ ஖ ͹ ൅ ࿫Ͳ͍Ζɽࠞ ຌ ͹  ߨ ໪ ͹ ൅ ࿫ Ͷ ஭ ໪ ͤ Ζ ͳ ɼʰ ͕ ઴ ͹ ๏ ͗ ʱͳ ɼ໎ Δ ͖ Ͷ ࣙ ෾ ͳ ඎ ‫ ܙ‬͹ʰ ̑ ɾ̒ ೧ ʱ‫ ޛ‬͹ ‫ ڇ‬ྋ Ν ർ ΄ ͱ ͏ Ζ ɽͨ ͢ ͱ ɼʰ ΍ Δ ͑ ͧ ʱͳ फ़ ΄ ͱ ͏ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͖ Δ ɼඎ ‫ ܙ‬͹ ‫ڇ‬ྋ͗ࣙ෾ΓΕ΍৏Ͷ͵ͮͱ͏Ζ͞ͳΝන໎͢ͱ͏ΖɽҲ๏Ͳɼ͞͹൅࿫ͺͨ͹ർֳͳ͏͑੓࣯৏ɼগཔదͶࠞຌ͗ඎ‫ܙ‬ΓΕ΍‫ڇ‬ྋ໚ͲԾͶ͵ͮͱ͏Ζ͞ͳ͗ࣖࠨ͠ΗΖɽ͞ ͹ ͞ ͳ ͖ Δ ɼ ߨ ໪ ͹ ࠞ ຌ ͹ ൅ ࿫ Ͷ ͺ ࣙ ٰ ద ੓ ࣯ ͗ ‫ ؜‬Ή Η ͱ ͏ Ζ Γ ͑ Ͷ ‫ ͓ ݡ‬Ζ ɽͨΗ Ͷ ଲ ͢ ʰ ͖ ͵ ͌ ʱɼ ͨ ͢ ͱ ɼʰ ͑ Ξ ʱ ͳ ౶ ͓ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͺ ɼ গ པ ద Ͷ ࠞ ຌ ͹ ‫ ڇ‬ྋ Γ Ε ΍ ࣙ෾͹๏͗߶͚͵ͮͱ͏Ζ͞ͳΝ͕͕΋͸೟ΌΖͳಋ࣎Ͷɼࠞຌ͹‫ڇ‬ྋ͗ࣙ෾ΓΕఁ͏͞ ͳ Ν ͕ ͕ ΋ ͸ ೟ Ό Ζ ͞ ͳ Ͷ ͵ Ζ ɽ ͢ ͪ ͗ ͮ ͱ ɼ  ߨ ໪ Ͷ ଲ ͤ Ζ ɼ  ߨ ໪ ͹ Ԣ ౶ͺɼࠞຌͳඎ‫ܙ‬͹༑྾͹ࠫΝ‫ࡑݨ‬Կͦ͠ͱ͏Ζͳ‫͓ݶ‬Ζɽͨ͢ͱɼͨ͹‫ޛ‬Ͷକ͚ɼࠞຌ ͹ʰ ͖ ͵ ͌ ͑ Ξ ͱ .ʱͳ ͏ ͑ ɼӀ ༽ Ν ࣖ ͤ න ‫ݳ‬ʰ ͮ ͱ ʱ͗ ༽ ͏ Δ Η ͪ ൅ ࿫ ͺ ɼࠞ ຌ ͗ࢊड़ͪ͢൅࿫ΝखΕ৏͝ɼ໎ࣖదͶ‫܃‬Εศ͢ͱ͏Ζ͞ͳ͖Δɼͨ͹ࠞຌ͹൅࿫સରͶଲ͢ͱ໲ୌ͍͗ͮͪ͞ͳΝࢨఢ͢ɼඉೋ͢ͱ͏ΖΓ͑Ͷ‫͓ݡ‬ΖɽҐ৏Ίͱͪ͘Γ͑Ͷɼ̐ͯ͹இฤͺɼٰࣙదͶซ͓͞Ζ൅࿫Ͷଲ͢ɼ͕͕΋͸ͨΗͶಋқͤΖ൅࿫͗͵͠Ηɼ༑྾͗‫ࡑݨ‬ԿͤΖɽͨ͢ͱͨ͹‫ޛ‬ɼӀ༽න‫ݳ‬ʰͮͱʱΝ༽−102−

会話中の非難から解き明かす友人同士の親しさ―能力に関する優劣が話題となるやりとりに着目して―͏ͪ൅࿫ͶΓͮͱ֮೟གྷ‫ٽ‬Ώࢨఢ͗͵͠ΗΖͳ͏͑ྪࣇͪ͢࿊࠱ߑଆ͵ͮͱ͏Ζɽ   ਎ ͢ ͏ ‫ ܐ ؖ‬੓ ̐ ͯ ͹ இ ฤ Ͳ ‫ ڠ‬௪ ͤ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͺ ɼࣙ ٰ Ν ߨ ͑ ࿫ ͢ घ ͗ ɼ
ʰ ࢴ Γ Ε ʱΏʰ ͕ ઴ ͹ ๏ ͗ ʱͳ ɼଠͲ΍͵͚ࣙ෾ࣙਐͳซ͘घΝർ΄ͱ͏Ζ͞ͳͲ͍Ζɽ͠ΔͶɼͨ͹ٰࣙ͗ߨΚΗΖҒ ஖ ͺ ɼʴ இ ฤ ̏ ʵ Ͳ ͺ ɼ ඲ Ճ ͗ ή Ϫ ʖ χ ξ Τ ϱ ͠ Η ͪ ʤ ɼ  ߨ ໪ ʥ ‫ ޛ‬ɼʴ இ ฤ ̐ ʵͲ ͺ ɼʰ ΍ Δ ͮ ͱ ͏ ͵ ͏ ʱͳ ͏ ͑ क ௃ʤ ɼ  ߨ ໪ ʥͶ ଲ ͢ ͱ ൕ ࿨ʤ  ߨ ໪ ʥ͗ ߨ ΚΗͪ‫͍Ͳޛ‬Ζɽ͞ΗΔΝಁΉ͓Ζͳɼٰࣙ൅࿫ͺɼ௜઴͹൅࿫Ͷଲ͢ɼࣙ෾ࣙਐΝӀ͘ ߻ ͏ Ͷ ड़ ͤ ͞ ͳ Ͳ ൕ ࿨ ͹ ࠞ ‫ ڎ‬Ν ఑ ࣖ ͤ Ζ ΍ ͹ ͹ Γ ͑ Ͷ ΍ ‫ ͓ ݡ‬Ζ ɽ‫ ͏ ݶ‬๏ Ν ร ͓ Η ͻ ɼซ͘घ͗ࣙਐ͹ӵ‫ྙޢ‬Ν଎Ζɼ͍Ζ͏ͺɼগཔ͹‫ڇ‬ྋ͹߶͠Ν‫੷ݡ‬΍Ζࣁ‫ͱ͢ͳݱ‬ɼ࿫͢घͺࣙ෾ࣙਐΝർֳଲেͳ͢ͱ఑ࣖ͢ͱ͏Ζͳ‫͓ݶ‬Ζɽ ͞͹Γ͑͵ΏΕ๏ͺɼซ͘ घ ͗ ʰ ࣙ ෾ ͹ ͞ ͳ Ν எ ͮ ͱ ͏ Ζ ʱ ͞ ͳ Ν n͍ ͱ Ͷ ͢ ͪ |൅ ࿫ ͹ υ δ ΢ ϱ ͫ ͳ ‫ ͱ ͮ ݶ‬΍Γ͏͖΍͢Η͵͏ɽଠ๏ɼซ͘घͺ࿫͢घͶΓͮͱ఑ࣖ͠ΗͪർֳଲেͲ͍Ηͻɼ͞ΗΉͲ೟ΌΖ͞ͳͶఏ߇Νࣖ͢ͱ͏ͪࣙਐ͹ӵ‫ྙޢ‬͹޴৏Ώๅृ΃͹દΊͶଲ͢ͱɼ͕͕΋͸ಋқ͹Ԣ౶Νߨͮͱ͏ΖɽͯΉΕɼ࿫͢घ͗ʹ͹Γ͑͵ӵ‫͵ྙޢ‬͹͖ɼ‫ڇ‬ྋ͗ʹΗ͚Δ͏͵͹͖ͳ͏ͮͪ৚ๅΝ࣍ͮͱ͏Ζ͞ͳΝන໎͢ͱ͏Ζͳߡ͓ΔΗΖɽͪ͢ ͗ ͮ ͱ ɼྈ இ ฤ Ͷ ͕ ͜ Ζ ճ ࿫ ࢂ Յ ं ͪ ͬ ͺ ɼʰ ͕ ‫ ͏ ޕ‬Ͷ ‫ ͤ ؖ‬Ζ எ ࣟ Ώ য় ‫ ڱ‬Ν ɼ͕ ‫͏ ޕ‬Ͷࢂল͢߻͓Ζ‫ܐؖ‬Ͷ͍Ζʱͳ‫͓ݶ‬ΖͫΘ͑ɽ͞ ͹ Γ ͑ Ͷ ɼຌ ൅ න Ͳ ෾ ੵ ͢ ͱ ͘ ͪ ࣆ ྭ Ͷ ͺ ɼʰ૮घ͗ࣙ෾͹͞ͳΝΓ͚எͮͱ͏Ζ‫ܐؖ‬Ͷ͍Ζʱ͞ͳΝɼ൅࿫͹ૌΊཱིͱ͹ࣁ‫ݱ‬ɼ͍Ζ͏ͺɼൕ࿨͹ͪΌ͹ࣁ‫༽ͱ͢ͳݱ‬͏ͱ͏Ζɽͨ͢ͱͨΗͺ࿫͢घͫ͜Ͳ͵͚ɼซ͘घ΍ͨΗͶࢦ޴ͪ͢Ԣ౶Νߨͮͱ͏
Ζ͞ͳ͖Δɼ͕‫͏ޕ‬Ͷͨ͹Γ͑͵‫ܐؖ‬੓Νճ࿫͹ΏΕͳΕ͹஦Ͳཤ༽͢߻ͮͱ͏Ζ͹
Ͳ͍Ζɽ͞͹ࣆࣰͺɼ਎͢͏‫͍Ͳܐؖ‬Ζ͞ͳΝৄ໎ͤΖҲͯ͹ࠞ‫͵ͳڎ‬Ε͑Ζ͹Ͳͺ͵͏ͫΘ͖͑ɽ
̓ɿ͕ΚΕͶਕʓ͹ճ࿫͹஦Ͷͺɼͨ͹ճ࿫Νߨ͑Ͷ͍ͪͮͱࢂল͠Ηͱ͏Ζʰ‫ܐؖ‬੓ʱ͗‫͓ݡ‬ӇΗͤΖɽࣙ෾ͳ૮घΝർ΄ɼͨ͹༑྾Ͷͯ͏ͱ‫ͤٶݶ‬Ζ͞ͳ΍ɼճ࿫ࢂՅंಋ࢞͹‫ ܐ ؖ‬੓ ͗ ཱི ͬ ‫ ݳ‬Η ͱ ͏ Ζ Γ ͑ Ͷ ‫ ͓ ݡ‬Ζ ɽຌ ൅ න Ͳ ͺ ɼҲ ਕ ͹ ࿫ ं ͗ ɼʰ૮घ ͹೵ྙ͗ࣙ
෾ΓΕ৏ͫʱͳ͏͑൅࿫Νߨ͏ɼ΍͑Ҳਕ͹࿫ं͗ͨΗΝ೟ΌΖΓ͑͵൅࿫Νߨ ͑ͳ͏͑Ҳ࿊͹൅࿫࿊࠱Ν෾ੵ͢ɼճ࿫͹஦Ͳࢂল͠Ηͱ͏Ζճ࿫ࢂՅंؔ͹‫ܐؖ‬੓Ͷͯ͏ͱߡࡱ͢ͱͪ͘ɽͨ͢ͱɼճ࿫ࢂՅं͕ͪͬ͗‫͏ޕ‬Ͷɼ͕‫͏ޕ‬Ͷ‫ͤؖ‬ΖஎࣟΝࢂল

−103−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）͢ͱ൅࿫Νߑ੔ͤΖ͞ͳͲɼ͕‫͗͏ޕ‬ʰஎࣟΝ‫͏ͱ༙͢ڠ‬Ζʱͳ͏͑͞ͳΝࣖ͢߻ͮ
ͱ͏Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳ͗Κ͖ͮͪɽҲ ๏ ɼʰ எ ࣟ Ν ‫ ͏ ͱ ͢ ༙ ڠ‬Ζ ʱ ͫ ͜ Ͳ ͺ ɼʰ ਎ ͢ ͏ ‫ ܐ ؖ‬੓ ʱ Ͳ ͍ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͺ ‫ ઀ ͏ ݶ‬Η ͵͏ͫΘ͑ɽ࢕ࣆͲಋ಼ͣ༲Ν‫ͪ͏ͱ༙͢ڠ‬Εɼ͍Ζड़པࣆͶͯ͏ͱಋͣ‫ى‬ԳΝ‫༙͢ڠ‬
ͱ͏Ζ͞ͳ΍͍Ζɽʰ எ ࣟ ͹ ‫ ༙ ڠ‬ʱ͗ ɼ͵ ͧ ਎ ͢ ͏ ͞ ͳ ͹ ৄ ໎ Ͷ ͵ Ζ ͹ ͖ Ͷ ͯ ͏ ͱ ͺ ࠕ‫ޛ‬υʖν͹ΓΕ੠៝͵‫ى‬फ़ͶΓͮͱߡࡱΝ਄Όͱ͏͚චགྷ͍͗ΖͫΘ͑ɽΉͪɼ૮घͶ‫ͤؖ‬ΖஎࣟΝ༽͏Ζ͞ͳͲҲରʹ͹Γ͑͵૮‫ߨޕ‬ҟΝୣ੔͢Γ͑ͳ͢ͱ͏Ζ͹͖Ͷͯ͏ͱɼຌ൅නͲͺ௧‫͖ͪͮ͵͘Ͳٶ‬ɽ͞ΗΔͶͯ͏ͱͺࠕ‫ޛ‬͹՟ୌͳͪ͢͏ɽ ෉‫ى‬න  ॽً͘͢͞‫ߺى‬Ҳལ
‫ߺى‬

ઈ໎

‫ߺى‬

ઈ໎

>

൅࿫͹॑͵Ε͹࢟ΉΕ"Ծ߳௒ஆ΋Γ͑͵Խ@൅࿫͹॑͵Ε͹शΚΕ

ʆช࣊ʆ

ঘ͠͵Խ

ช࣊

‫͏ک‬Խ

ˤช࣊Խ͗‫ܻٺ‬Ͷ৏͗Ζ!ช࣊૥͚࿫͢ͱ͏Ζ˥ช࣊Խ͗‫ܻٺ‬ͶԾ͗Ζช࣊!

ங͚࿫͢ͱ͏Ζ



Խ͹৵;



൅࿫͗઀Η໪͵͚କ͚KK‫ـݼ‬Խ‫ـٷ‬Խ਼࣊ ௞໩͹භ਼

ช K ࣊ K ঺͏͵͗Δ࿫͢ͱ͏Ζช࣊ ಊࡠ͵ʹ͹஭қॽ͘?ช࣊?঺͏Ν‫؜‬΋Խঙ͢৏ত௒৏ত௒

ช࣊



͖ͤΗͪԽ஭ ຌਕͶେΚͮͱद‫ۂ‬Ͷड़ੰͤΖ͞ͳɽ ຌ൅නͲ఑ࣖͤΖυʖν͹ॽً͘͢͞Ͷͺɼಝच͵‫͏༽͗ߺى‬ΔΗΖɽ‫ߺى‬Ͷ‫ؖ͢‬ͱ ͺ ɼ *DLO-HIIHUVRQ Ͷ Γ ͮ ͱ ߡ Ҍ ͠ Η ɼ ੤ ࡗ ʀ ۴ ీ ʀ ‫ ۿ‬୫ ʤ ʥ ͗ ೖ ຌ ‫ Ͳ ޢ‬΍ ཤ༽Ͳ͘ΖΓ͑Ͷࡠ੔ͪ͢΍͹ΝࢂߡͶ͢ͱ͏Ζɽ ࠞຌ΍αʖϏη‫͍Ͳंྙڢ‬Ζ͞ͳ͖Δɼಋ͚ͣๅृΝ΍Δ͑Ն೵੓΍ߡ͓ΔΗΖɽҲ๏ɼʰ τ ΢ ϩ ʱන ‫ ࢘ ͗ ݳ‬Κ Η ͱ ͏ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͖ Δ ɼऀ ճ ਕ Ͳ ͍ Ζ ࠞ ຌ ͗ ‫ ܩ‬କ ద Ͷ ण ͜ ख ͮͱ͏Ζ‫ڇ‬༫͹͞ͳͲ͍Ζͳ΍ߡ͓ΔΗΖɽ͏ͥΗͶ͢ͱ΍͞͹൅࿫͹఼࣎Ͳͺ൓இͲ͘͵͏ɽ ௞໩͹ؔɼ̐ਕͺྋཀྵΝࣙ෾͹͕ࡾͶΓͨͮͱ͏Ζɽ −104−

会話中の非難から解き明かす友人同士の親しさ―能力に関する優劣が話題となるやりとりに着目して―ࢂলช‫ݛ‬%DWHVRQ*   6WHSVWRDQHFRORJ\RIPLQG &KLFDJR8QLYHUVLW\RI&KLFDJR3UHVV ঘұ՘ֈʀ‫ڋ‬ᮭ༓཮ࢢʀӕీ଻೙ʀന໼࿪Մࢢʀઔ୼ྒྷࢢʀీ஦໽ਫ਼ʀఽ߃੘ʀ੤ઔ
‫ ࠺ ݣ‬ʰʰ ೖ ຌ ‫ ޢ‬ೖ ৙ ճ ࿫ α ʖ Ϗ η ʱ ͹ ߑ ஛ ʱɼʲ ‫ ॴ ޢ ݶ‬ཀྵ ָ ճ ୊  յ ೧ ࣏ ୉ ճ൅ න ࿨ ช ॄ ʳɼ 
0DF:KLQQH\% n7KH7DON%DQN3URMHFW| ,Q-&%HDO.3&RUULJDQDQG+
/0RLVO HGV &UHDWLQJDQGGLJLWL]LQJODQJXDJHFRUSRUD6\QFKURQLFGDWDEDVHV9RO +RXQGPLOOV3DOJUDYH0DFPLOODQ੤ ࡗ ‫ ھ‬ʰ ‫ ܐ ؖ‬͹ ஦ ͹ ు ࿫ ʙ ు ࿫ ͹ ஦ ͹ ‫ ܐ ؖ‬ʱɼ ࢃ ీ ‫ ܡ‬Ҳ ʤ ฦ ஸ ʥʲ Ϡ ώ ΢ ϩ α ϝϣ ω ί ʖ ε ϥ ϱ ʁ ‫ ܠ‬ଵ ు ࿫ ͹ ճ ࿫ ෾ ੵ ʳɼ ɼ ୉ र ‫ ॽ ؙ‬వ ੤ ࡗ ‫ ھ‬ʀ ۴ ీ ऴ ໷ ʀ ‫ ۿ‬ख ஒ ࢢ ʰ ಝ ॄ ʰ ૮ ‫ ߨ ޕ‬ҟ Ͷ ͕ ͜ Ζ ‫ ༽ ࢘ ޢ ݶ‬ʁ ճ ࿫ υ ʖ νΝ ༽ ͏ ͪ ‫ ڂ ݜ‬ʱ Ͷ ͯ ͏ ͱ ʱɼʲ ऀ ճ ‫ ޢ ݶ‬Ռ ָ ʳ ʤ ʥɼ ୉ ௣ ༓ ඔ ʰ ਎ ͢ ͏ ༓ ਕ ಋ ࢞ ͹ ճ ࿫ Ͷ ͕ ͜ Ζ ϛ ζ τ Ρ ϔ ʀ ϛ ϧ ΢ φ ϋ η ʷ ༣ ; ͳ͢ ͱ ͹ ଲ ཱི ߨ ಊ Ͷ ஥ ໪ ͢ ͱ ʷ ʱɼʲ ऀ ճ ‫ ޢ ݶ‬Ռ ָ ʳ ʤ ʥɼ ୉ ௣ ༓ ඔ ʰ ճ ࿫ Ͷ ͕ ͜ Ζ ৓ ஌ ͹ α ϝ ϣ ω ί ʖ ε ϥ ϱ ಝ ௅ ʘ η ν ΢ ϩ ε ϓ φ Ͷ ΓΖ ৓ ஌ ͹ ৖ ߻ ʘ ʱɼʲ ऀ ճ ‫ ޢ ݶ‬Ռ ָ ʳ ʤ ʥɼ 
3RPHUDQW] $  n$JUHHLQJ DQG GLVDJUHHLQJ ZLWK DVVHVVPHQWV VRPH IHDWXUHV RI
SUHIHUUHGGLVSUHIHUUHG WXUQ VKDSHVbb ,Q $ -RKQ DQG + -RKQ HGV  6WUXFWXUHV RI

VRFLDO DFWLRQ 6WXGLHV LQ FRQYHUVDWLRQ DQDO\VLV   &DPEULGJH &DPEULGJH 8QLYHUVLW\
3UHVV ߶ ໨ ஒ ੊ ʰ ऀ ճ ద ࣰ ભ ͳ ͢ ͱ ͹ ೖ ৙ ճ ࿫ ᶚ ʷ ʰ ਎ ͢ ͠ ʱ ͹ ࣰ ભ ʷ ʱɼʲ ࿨ ٠ ‫ ݳ‬େ‫ ޢ‬ʀ ‫ ݳ‬େ ช Կ ʳ ɼ 


−105−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）௚⪅ࡢᕳࡁ㎸ࡳ࡟ࡼࡿ⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢሗ࿌ࡢᐇ㊶㸸Ꮫᰯ༠㆟఍ሗ࿌ࡢ஦౛࡟ࡳࡽࢀࡿཧ୚ᙺ๭ࡢ」㞧ᛶ⏿ ࿴ᶞᮾி㒔ᕷ኱Ꮫ

<Abstract> Utilising conversation analysis, this work focuses on complexity of participation
in institutional multi-party activity of the School Management Council. In the meeting, theprincipal takes a representative position to deliver the report, but has not been involved in
the work; which is instead carried out by the practitioner-in-charge. The paper illustrates theprincipal’s practice to request confirmation without ceasing the reporting by a temporal gazeshift to the practitioner. The practice makes it relevant for a minimal engagement of thepractitioner to approve or complement the content of the report. Such mutual orientation
promotes groupness providing the report from the organisation, not the reporter individually.

࠙ ࢟ ࣮ ࣡ ࣮ ࢻ ࠚ㸸 ከ ே ᩘ ఍ ヰ ࣭ ఍ ㆟ ሗ ࿌ ࣭ ཧ ୚ ᙺ ๭ ࣭ ど ⥺ ࣭ 㢔 ࡁ ࣭ ㄆ ㆑ ⓗ ᆅ ఩

1. ◊ ✲ ࡢ ⫼ ᬒከேᩘ఍ヰࡣᖖ࡟」ᩘࡢ⪺ࡁᡭࡀ࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡋ࡚ࠊཧ୚⪅ࡢᙺ๭ࡣ஧⪅఍ヰࡼࡾࡶ」㞧࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ஧⪅఍ヰ࡛ࡣࠊヰࡋᡭ࡜ཷࡅᡭࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡣẚ㍑ⓗ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋከேᩘ఍ヰ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊヰࡋᡭࡀⓎヰࢆᐄ࡚ࡓཧ୚⪅ࠊࡇࢀࢆࠕ ⾜ Ⅽ ࡢ ཷ ࡅ ᡭ㸦 addressee㸧ࠖ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ࡞ ࡽ ࡤ ࠊࡑ ࡢ ᙺ ๭ ࡣ ヰ ࡋ ᡭ ࡢ Ⓨ ヰ ࡀ ┤ ᥋ ᐄ ࡚ ࡽ ࢀ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ ࠕ ഐ ཧ ୚ ⪅ 㸦 side participant㸧ࠖ ࡜ ࡣ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡜ ࠸ ࠼ ࡿ 㸦 Goffman 1981㸧ࠋ ఍ヰࡢᩥ⬦ࡀᖖ࡟᭦᪂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡟ࠊཧ୚⪅ྛࠎࡢᙺ๭ࡶࠊࡑࡢ᫬ࠎࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⛣⾜ࡍࡿࠋࡺ࠼࡟ࠊཧ୚⪅ࡀࡑࡢ᫬ࠎࡢሙ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ఱ࡟ᚿྥࡋࠊ࠸࠿࡞ࡿᙺ๭ࢆ
ᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᢏἲࢆࡶࡗ࡚㸦௚ࡢཧ୚⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㸧ほᐹ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ ࡟ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࠿ ➼ ࠊྛ ཧ ୚ ⪅ ࡢ ᙺ ๭ ࡀ ࠸ ࠿ ࡞ ࡿ ㈨ ※ ࡓ ࡿ ࡢ ࠿ ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ࠊά ື ࡢ ඹ ྠ ᵓ ⠏ ࢆ ᤊ ࠼ ࡿ ࠺ ࠼ ࡛ 㔜 せ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸦 Rae 2001: 273㸧ࠋᮏ ✏ ࡣ ࠊ➹ ⪅ ࡀࠕ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ Ꮫ ఍ ➨ 25 ᅇ ኱ ఍ ࡛ࠖ Ⓨ ⾲ ࡋ ࡓ ෆ ᐜ ࡟ ᇶ ࡙ ࡁ ࠊ఍ ㆟ ࡢ ሗ࿌⪅ࡀ㛵ಀཧ୚⪅ࡢᚑ஦ࢆሗ࿌άືࡢ㈨※࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡴ⌧㇟࡟╔┠ࡍࡿࠋ཰㘓ࡋࡓ

−106−

他者の巻き込みによる組織としての報告の実践：学校協議会報告の事例にみられる参与役割の複雑性఍㆟࡟ࡣࠊ࠶ࡲࡾෆ᝟࡟ヲࡋࡃ࡞࠸ཧ୚⪅ࡶ࠸ࢀࡤࠊ₯ᅾⓗ࡟ሗ࿌⪅࡜ྠ➼ࡶࡋࡃࡣ௨ ୖ ࡢ ▱ ㆑ ࡸ ⤒ 㦂 ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ ᐇ ົ ᢸ ᙜ ⪅ ࡶ ฟ ᖍ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋࡇ ࢀ ࡣ ࡲ ࡉ ࡟ ࠊGoodwin㸦 1986㸧ࡀ ᣦ ᦬ ࡋ ࡓ ㏻ ࡾ ࠊ ཧ ୚ ⪅ ࡟ ࡣ ከ ᵝ ࡞ ㄆ ㆑ ⓗ ᆅ ఩ 㸦 Heritage 2012㸧 ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ♧ ၀ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙ㠃࡛ࠊሗ࿌⪅ࡣ୍᫬ⓗ࡟ど⥺ࢆࠊሗ࿌ෆᐜ࡟᭱ࡶ㛵㐃ࡍࡿཧ୚⪅࡟ᐄ࡚ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᢎㄆࡸ⿵㊊ࢆᚓࡿᶵ఍ࢆసࡿࠋ 1 ࡑࡇ࡛ᢎㄆࡸ⿵㊊ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓཧ୚⪅ࡢᙺ๭ࡣࠊ༢࡟ሗ࿌ࡀᐄ࡚ࡽࢀࡓཷࡅᡭ࡜ࡋ࡚࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊሗ࿌ෆᐜࢆホ౯࡛ࡁࡿ❧ሙ㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬
࡟࠶ࡿᐇົ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐇົ⪅ࡢሗ࿌࡬ࡢྵ᭷
ࡀࠊ⌧ᅾࡢሗ࿌ࡀሗ࿌⪅ಶே࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢሗ࿌ࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜
ࢆㄽࡌࡓ࠸ࠋ

2. ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ཰ 㘓 ࡋ ࡓ ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ࡣ ࠊ ࠶ ࡿ ᑠ Ꮫ ᰯ ࡛ 2021 ᖺ ᗘ ࡟ 㛤 ദ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ Ꮫ ᰯ ༠ ㆟ ఍ 2 ࢆ ⣙ 16 ᫬ 㛫 ࡟ࢃࡓࡾ㘓⏬࣭㘓㡢ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ఍㆟࡟ࡣࠊᏛᰯ࡜ᆅᇦࡢ㐃ᦠࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࠊᙜ ヱ Ꮫ ᰯ ⟶ ⌮ ⫋ 2 ྡ 㸦 ᰯ 㛗 ࣭ ᩍ 㢌 㸧ࠊ ᙜ ヱ Ꮫ ᰯ ᩍ ဨ 2 ྡ 㸦 ࠺ ࡕ 1 ྡ ࡣ ᩍ ົ ୺ ௵ 㸧ࠊ ᙜ ヱᏛ ᰯ ඣ ❺ ࡢ ಖ ㆤ ⪅ ௦ ⾲ 2 ྡ ࠊᆅ ᇦ ఫ Ẹ 3㹼 4 ྡ ࠊᏛ ㆑ ⤒ 㦂 ⪅㸦 ጤ ဨ 㛗 㸧1 ྡ ࠊᏛ ᰯ ᆅ ᇦ㐃 ᦠ ࢥ ࣮ ࢹ ࢕ ࢿ ࣮ ࢱ ࣮ 1 ྡ ࡀ ཧ ຍ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ࠸ ࡎ ࢀ ࡢ ఍ ㆟ ᅇ ࡶ ఍ ㆟ ᐊ ࡸ ᅗ ᭩ ᐊ ࡛ ෇ ༟ࡢᙧᘧ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࠊ఍㆟㐍⾜ࢆ⟶⌮ࡍࡿࡓࡵᩍ㢌ࡀ㆟஦ࢆົࡵࡿࠋࡲࡎࡣᰯ㛗࠿ࡽᏛᰯࡢ≧ἣࡸ㐠Ⴀࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࡢ㉁␲᫬㛫࡛ฟᖍ⪅࠿ࡽࡢ㉁ၥࡸពぢࡀᢎㄆࡉࢀࠊ≉ẁࡢၥ㢟ࡸ␲⩏ࡀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣḟࡢ㆟㢟࡟㐍ࡴࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊጤဨ
㛗࡛࠶ࡿᏛ㆑⤒㦂⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⿵㊊ㄝ᫂ࡢ౫㢗ࡸホ౯ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ᅗ 1

఍㆟ཧ୚⪅ࡢᗙᖍ㓄⨨ጤဨ㛗ሗ࿌⪅㸦ᰯ㛗㸧ᩍົ୺௵

3. ศ ᯒ
ศᯒᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡿᏛᰯ༠㆟఍ࡢሗ࿌ሙ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᰯ㛗ࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛⤌⧊ࡢ௦⾲࡜ࡋ࡚ሗ࿌ࢆ⾜࠺ไᗘⓗ࡞❧ሙ࡟࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊᐇ㝿࡟ᴗົࢆᢸᙜࡋࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡑࢀ࡟῝ࡃᦠࢃࡗࡓ⤒㦂ࢆᣢࡘࡢࡣࡴࡋࢁᐇົࢆᢸᙜࡋࡓᩍဨ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀᨾ࡟ࠊሗ࿌ࡀᰯ㛗−107−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

ࡢ୺ほ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡶࡋࡃࡣㄗࡗࡓ᝟ሗࢆఏ࠼ࡿࣜࢫࢡࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ ࠋࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ሗ ࿌ ⪅ ࡜ ᐇ ົ ⪅ 㛫 ࡢ ㄆ ㆑ ࡢ ᕪ ࡢ ㄢ 㢟 ࡟ ᑐ ฎ ࡍ ࡭ ࡃ ࠊሗ ࿌ ⪅ ࡣ ձ ㌟ య ࡢྥ ࡁ ࢆ ಖ ᣢ ࡋ ࡓ ࡲ ࡲ ど ⥺ ࢆ ᐇ ົ ⪅ ࡬ ᐄ ࡚ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ஧ ࡘ ࡢ ᚿ ྥ ࢆ ୧ ❧ 㸦 Mondada 2013㸧ࡉࡏࠊղࡑࡢⓎヰ㒊ศ࡟ᖹླྀᩥࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊሗ࿌άືࢆ㐙⾜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊᐇົ⪅࡟ሗ࿌ෆᐜࡢ☜ㄆࢆせồࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᐇົ⪅ࡣࠕ㢔ࡁࠖ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ཷࡅᡭࡢᙺ๭ࢆ♧ࡋ
㸦 Stivers 2008㸧ࠊෆ ᐜ ࢆ ᢎ ㄆ ࡍ ࡿ ࠊ࠶ ࡿ ࠸ ࡣ ᭱ ᑠ 㝈 ࡢ Ⓨ ヰ ࢆ ࡶ ࡗ ࡚ ሗ ࿌ ࢆ ⿵ ㊊ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋࡇࡢሗ࿌⪅࡜ᐇົ⪅ࡢ୍᫬ⓗ࡞┦஫ᚿྥࡀࠊ⤌⧊໬ࡉࢀࡓྜពࢆ࿊♧ࡋࠊ⌧ᅾࡢሗ࿌ࡀ
㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬ሗ࿌⪅ಶேࡢ୺ほ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢሗ࿌࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୺ᙇࡉࢀࡿࠋ
஦౛ 1 ࡣࠊ3 ᖺ⏕௨ୖࡢඣ❺ࡢ⮬ᏯᏛ⩦ࡀ᝿ᐃࡼࡾࡶᤖࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀࠊጤဨ㛗࡟ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࡿሙ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋሗ࿌⪅ࡣ 6 ⾜┠࡛㐍ᤖࡢᤖࡾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⌮⏤ࢆ㏙࡭ࡿ㝿ࠊ୍᫬ ⓗ ࡟ ど ⥺ ࢆ ⛣ ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠊ ࡑ ࡢ ሗ ࿌ ⟠ ᡤ ࡢ ཷ ࡅ ᡭ ࡟ ᐇ ົ ⪅ ࢆ ᣦ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ 㸦 Lerner 1996㸧ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ሗ࿌ࡢᐄඛ࡛࠶ࡗࡓጤဨ㛗ࡶࠊ7 ⾜┠࡛ᐇົ⪅࡟ど⥺ࢆྥࡅࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊሗ࿌
⪅࡜ጤဨ㛗࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ㌟యࡢ኱㒊ศࡣኚࢃࡽࡎ஫࠸ࢆྥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊሗ࿌⮬యࡣ㐙⾜୰࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ࡞࠸ࡋࡣᐇົ⪅࡬ࡢᚿྥࡣ୍᫬ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿ㸦 Schegloff 1998㸧ࠋ

஦౛ 1
1
2
3
4
5

ሗ࿌⪅㸸

6
ሗ࿌⪅
7
ጤဨ㛗
ᐇົ⪅

࠶ ࡢ - (.) ≧ ἣ ୗ ࡢ :Ꮫ ⩦ (.) ෆ ᐜ ࢆ :ᥦ ౪ ࡛ ࡁ ࡓ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࠺ ࡢ ࡣ ::(0.5)
ࡑ ࢀ ࡣ (.)

(⾜ 1–5)#✚ ࡳ 㔜 ࡡ#ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æᐇ ົ ⪅ )%ࡔ ࢁ ࠺ ࡞ ࠵ :: $=%ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æᐇ ົ ⪅ )$㢔 ࡁ(⾜ 6–7)8ሗ࿌⪅
9=ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ #࠺ ࡢ ࡣ#ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æጤ ဨ 㛗 )ᛮ ࠸ %ࡲ ࡍ

>>>
(⾜ 8)

ጤဨ㛗

%㢔 ࡁ + ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æᰯ 㛗 )
>>>
㢔ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ

(0.3)
10

ሗ࿌⪅㸸

% (.) >(ࡓ )ࡔ < #㏫ Ќ ࡟ :

−108−

(⾜ 9)

他者の巻き込みによる組織としての報告の実践：学校協議会報告の事例にみられる参与役割の複雑性ሗ ࿌ ⪅ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ 6–8 ⾜ ┠ ࡢ Ⓨ ヰ ࡟ ࡣ ࠊ ࡑ ࡢ Ⓨ ヰ ᵓ ᡂ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊ ሗ ࿌ ࡢ 㐙 ⾜ ࢆ ୰ ᩿ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡞ࡃᐇົ⪅࡟☜ㄆࢆせㄳࡍࡿࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡀぢ࡚࡜ࢀࡿࠋࡶࡋᐇົ⪅࡬ෆᐜࡢ☜ㄆࢆྲྀࡿࡢ࡛ ࠶ ࢀ ࡤ ࠊ␲ ၥ ᩥ ࢆ ౑ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࠊ࠶ ࡿ ࠸ ࡣ ㄒ ᑿ ࡢ ࢖ ࣥ ࢺ ࢿ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ࢆ ୖ ࡆ ࡿ ᵓ ᡂ ࡛㸦 Sacks
and Schegloff 1979㸧ࠊࡼ ࡾ ᫂ ♧ ⓗ ࡞ ᵓ ᡂ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ ࡓ ࡣ ࡎ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ୍ ᪉ ࡛ ࠊሗ࿌⪅ࡣど⥺ࡢኚ᭦࡜ᖹླྀᩥࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢⓎヰᵓᡂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᐇົ⪅࡟ᐄ࡚ࡓ⟠ᡤࡶ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ሗ࿌ࡢ୍㒊࡜ࡋ࡚⏘ฟࡉࢀࡓⓎヰ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊሗ࿌ ⪅ ࡣ ࡇ ࡇ ࡛͆ ࡔ ࢁ ࠺ ࡞ ࠵ ͇
㸦 ⾜ 7㸧࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ゝ ࠸ ᪉ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠊ㐍 ᤖ ࡀ ᤖ ࡗ ࡓ ⌮ ⏤㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬
ࡀ͆✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ͇࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊࡑࢀࢆ⮬㌟࡛ࡣ᩿ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢫࢱࣥࢫࢆ࿊♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᙜヱࡢⓎヰ⟠ᡤࢆఙ㛗ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᐇົ⪅࡟ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ ᛂ ⟅ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ᶵ ఍ ࡀ ᥦ ౪ ࡉ ࢀ ࠊࡑ ࡇ ࡛ ᐇ ົ ⪅ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ 㢔 ࡁ ࡀ ⏘ ฟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ㸦 ⾜ 7㸧ࠋࡑ ࡢ 㢔ࡁ ࢆ ᚓ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠊ ሗ ࿌ ⪅ ࡣ ど ⥺ ࢆ ጤ ဨ 㛗 ࡟ ᡠ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ ሗ ࿌ ࢆ ⥅ ⥆ ࡍ ࡿ 㸦 ⾜ 8㸧ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ὀ┠ࡋࡓ࠸ࡢࡣ 9 ⾜┠࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓጤဨ㛗ࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋጤဨ㛗ࡣᐇົ⪅㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬࡟ࡼࡿ㢔ࡁࢆᚓࡓᚋ࡟ሗ࿌⪅࡬ど⥺ࢆᡠࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀࢆ㢔ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢጤ
ဨ㛗ࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸࡟ࡣࠊሗ࿌⪅࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᐇົ⪅࡬ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ♧ࡍ௨ୖࡢാࡁࡀ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡴ
ࡋࢁࠊሗ࿌ࡀ㐙⾜ࡉࢀࡿ୰࡛ࠊᐇົ⪅࠿ࡽࡢ௚⪅ᢎㄆࢆሗ࿌ࡢ୍㒊࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅྲྀࡗࡓ
ࡇ࡜ࢆ࿊♧ࡍࡿ⾜Ⅽ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊᐇົ⪅ࡢ㢔ࡁࡣࠊ༢࡟ሗ࿌ࡢཷࡅᡭ࡜ࡋ࡚
㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬㸬ࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᐇົ⪅ࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽ⾜ࢃࢀࡿᢎㄆ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⤌⧊࡟ࡼࡿሗ࿌ࢆ㐩ᡂ
ࡍࡿ㈨※࡜ࡋ࡚⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
๓㏙ࡢ஦౛࡛☜ㄆࡋࡓሗ࿌⪅ࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸࡜ྠᵝࡢࡶࡢࡀࠊሗ࿌άືࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿୖ࡛ఱࡽ࠿ࡢᅔ㞴ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᐇົ⪅ࡢᨭ᥼ࢆồࡵࡿ㝿࡟ࡶ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢሙྜࠊど⥺ࢆᐄ࡚ࡽࢀࡓᐇົ⪅ࡣሗ࿌ෆᐜࡢ⿵㊊ࢆⅭࡍ࡭ࡃⓎヰ㡰␒ࢆ࡜ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ஦౛ 2 ࢆཧ↷ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣኟఇࡳ᫂ࡅ࡟᪤ᐃࡢᤵᴗ᪥ᩘࢆ‶ࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗ࿌ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋᢤ⢋㒊ศࡢ┤๓࡛ࠊሗ࿌⪅ࡣᤵᴗ᪥ᩘࢆ‶ࡓࡏࡿぢ㏻ࡋ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ 1 ⾜┠ࡣࠊᤵᴗ᪥ᩘࡔࡅ
࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⫢ᚰࡢᏛ⩦㐍ᗘ࡟ࡶၥ㢟ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ゝཬࡍࡿⓎヰࡢ㛤ጞ㒊࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

஦౛ 2
1

ሗ࿌⪅㸸
ሗ࿌⪅

2
ሗ࿌⪅
3
4
5
ᐇົ⪅

ᐇ ࡣ #ࡶ ࠺#ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æྑ ๓ ᪉ )(1.1)#(1.0)#ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æᐇ ົ ⪅ )࡜- ࡜(0.8)࡜ ࡗ ࡃ ࡟ ࢡ ࣜ $࢔ (h)ࡋ ࡚ ࡓ (h)$ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æ???)

−109−

(⾜ 1)

(⾜ 2)

日本語用論学会

6
7

ᐇົ⪅㸸
ሗ࿌⪅

8
ሗ࿌⪅
9

ሗ࿌⪅㸸
ሗ࿌⪅
ᐇົ⪅

10
11

ሗ࿌⪅㸸

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

࡜ [࠸ ࠺ ࠿[$(࠼ )࡜
$ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æሗ ࿌ ⪅ )ࡽ ࡃ ࡽ ࡃ ࡛ $ࡍ =$㢔 ࡁ=#$࠺ (h)ࢇ#㢔 ࡁ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æྑ ๓ )$ᗙ ࡾ ┤ ࡋ(1.7)
஧ ࠿ ࡆ ࡘ ::

>>>
㢔ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ
(⾜ 9)

1 – 6 ⾜ ┠ ࡢ Ⓨ ヰ ᵓ ᡂ ࠿ ࡽ ࠊሗ ࿌ ⪅ ࡀ ⌮ ゎ ୖ ࡢ ၥ 㢟 ࠿ ࠊ࠶ ࡿ ࠸ ࡣ ᙜ ヱ ሗ ࿌ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ㌋ ㌉ ࠿ ࠊሗ ࿌ ࢆ 㐙 ⾜ ࡍ ࡿ ୖ ࡛ ఱ ࡽ ࠿ ࡢ ࢺ ࣛ ࣈ ࣝ ࢆ ᢪ ࠼ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ♧ ၀ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋࡲ ࡎ ࠊ ሗ ࿌ ࡢ ㏵ ୰ ࡛ 1.1 ⛊ ࡢ ỿ 㯲 ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡓ ࠶ ࡜ ࠊ ሗ ࿌ ⪅ ࡣ ᐇ ົ ⪅ ࡟ ど ⥺ ࢆ ኚ ᭦ ࡋ ࠊ ࡑࡇ ࠿ ࡽ ᭦ ࡟ 1.0 ⛊ 㛫 ࡢ ỿ 㯲 ࢆ ࠾ ࡃ 㸦 ⾜ 2㸧ࠋ ࡑ ࡢ ᚋ ࠊ ሗ ࿌ ⪅ ࡣ ど ⥺ ࢆ ᐇ ົ ⪅ ࡟ ᐄ ࡚ ࡓ ࡲࡲ ࠊ ⮬ ᕫ ಟ ᚟ ࢆ ᐇ ⾜ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ ࡶ Ⓨ ヰ ࢆ ⥅ ⥆ ࡍ ࡿ ࡀ 㸦 ⾜ 3–5㸧ࠊ͆ ࡜ ࡗ ࡃ ࡟ ࢡ ࣜ ࢔ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ࡓ ͇ࢆ ➗ ࠸ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ ⏘ ฟ ࡋ ࠊ࠿ ࡘ ࠊࡑ ࢀ ࢆ͆ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࠿ ͇㸦 ⾜ 6㸧࡟ ᥋ ⥆ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠊሗ࿌࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ᭕᫕࡞ෆᐜࡀఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ㐍⾜ᛶࡢ⁫ࡾࢆྵࡴⓎヰᵓᡂ࡟ࡣࠊ⌧ᅾ
ࡢሗ࿌ࢆⓎヰࡢ㏻ࡾ࡟⌮ゎࡍ࡭ࡁ࡜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶࠊྠ᫬࡟ࠊࡑࡢሗ࿌ෆᐜ࡟ࡣఱࡽ࠿ࡢၥ 㢟 ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ሗ ࿌ ⪅ ⮬ ㌟ ࡢ ㄆ ㆑ ࡀ ⾲ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠼ ࡿ㸦 Potter and Hepburn 2010㸧ࠋሗ࿌⪅ࡀᐇົ⪅࡟ど⥺ࢆᐄ࡚⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᏛ⩦㐍ᗘࡢ㐩ᡂᗘࢆㄒࡿୖ࡛ࡢㄆ㆑ ୖ ࡢ ᶒ ጾ (Heritage and Raymond 2005) ࡀ ᐇ ົ ⪅ ࡟ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ሗ ࿌ ⪅ ࡀ ㄆ ࡵ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᐇົ⪅ࡶࠊ⮬㌟ࡀሗ࿌ෆᐜࢆࡼࡃ▱ࡿ❧ሙ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ሗ࿌⪅ࡀ⮬㌟࡟☜ㄆࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡓ࠿ࡽࡇࡑࠊሗ࿌⪅ࡢⓎヰࡀ᏶஢ྍ⬟Ⅼ࡟⮳ࡗࡓ
7 ⾜ ┠ ࡛ Ⓨ ヰ 㡰 ␒ ࢆ ྲྀ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋࡑ ࡢ 㝿 ࠊᐇ ົ ⪅ ࡣ͆㸦 Ꮫ ⩦ 㐍 ᗘ ࢆ 㸧࡜ ࡗ ࡃ ࡟ ࢡ ࣜ ࢔ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ͇࡜࠸࠺஦ᐇሗ࿌ࢆ᭱ᑠ㝈ࡢⓎヰ࡛࢔ࢵࣉࢢ࣮ࣞࢻࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᐇົ⪅࡟ࡼࡿホ౯ࢆࠊሗ࿌⪅ࡣ㢔ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽど⥺ኚ᭦ࡍࡿ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ሗ࿌ࡢ୍㒊࡜ࡋ࡚ᢎㄆࡋࡓࡇ ࡜ ࡛㸦 ⾜ 9㸧ࠊࡶ ࡜ ࡶ ࡜ ࡣ ᭕ ᫕ ࡟ ఏ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ሗ ࿌ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡢ ሗ ࿌ ⪅ ࡜ ᐇ ົ ⪅ ࡢ ྜ ព ࡀ๓ 㠃 ໬ ࡋ ࠊ ሗ ࿌ ⪅ ࡀ 11 ⾜ ┠ ௨ 㝆 ࡛ ⿵ ㊊ ㄝ ᫂ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ὶ ࢀ ࡟ 㐍 ࡴ ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ஦౛࡟ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚ほᐹ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊᐇົ⪅࡟ࡼࡿᚑ஦ࡢᗘྜ࠸࡟㐪࠸ࡣ࠶ࢀࠊሗ࿌⪅ࡀᐇົ⪅࡟ࠊ⤌⧊ࡢᵓᡂဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ሗ࿌࡬ᚑ஦ࡍࡿᶵ఍ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶
ࡿࠋୖ㏙ࡢሗ࿌⪅ࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࡣࠊ࡝ࡢཧ୚⪅ࡀሗ࿌ෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᭱ࡶ▱ࡾ࠼࡚ࠊᢎㄆ
ࡸ⿵㊊ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞❧ሙ࡟࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ┦஫⾜Ⅽୖ࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ஦౛
3 ࡛ࡣࠊሗ࿌ෆᐜ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㉁␲ࡢ㝿࡟ࠊጤဨ㛗ࡣ㉁ၥࢆሗ࿌⪅࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᐇົ⪅࡟ᐄ࡚࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ1 ⾜┠ࡣࢥࣟࢼ⚝࡛㛗ᮇ࡟ரࡗ࡚ᑐ㠃ᤵᴗࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ࡝ࡢᏛᖺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᏛ⩦㐍ᗘ࡟ၥ㢟ࡀ↓࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ሗ࿌ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ┤ᚋࡢሙ

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他者の巻き込みによる組織としての報告の実践：学校協議会報告の事例にみられる参与役割の複雑性㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡇ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛࡟ࠊሗ࿌⪅ࡣ๓㏙ࡢ᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ」ᩘᅇࠊᐇົ⪅࠿ࡽሗ࿌ෆᐜ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᢎㄆࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ௜ゝࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ

஦౛ 3
31
32

33
34

ጤဨ㛗:
ጤဨ㛗
ሗ࿌⪅
ሗ࿌⪅:
ጤဨ㛗:
ጤဨ㛗
ᐇົ⪅
ሗ࿌⪅

35
ᐇົ⪅
ሗ࿌⪅
36
37

ጤဨ㛗
ᰯ㛗:
ሗ࿌⪅

(2.1)
>ࡑ %ࢀ ࡣ < [#࡞ z-=%ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æᐇ ົ ⪅ )#ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æጤ ဨ 㛗 )[ࡇ Ĺࢀ =%$#࡞ ࡐ ࡛ ࡍ Ĺ࠿%ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æሗ ࿌ ⪅ )$ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æጤ ဨ 㛗 )#⭎ ࢆ ⤌ ࡳ ࠊ ᚋ ࢁ ࡟ ࡶ ࡓ ࢀ ࠿ ࠿ ࡿ ----->(0.3) $(1.6) #(0.5)$ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æሗ ࿌ ⪅ )-------------#ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æᐇ ົ ⪅ )%(0.4)%ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æᐇ ົ ⪅ )#ᩍ ဨ ࡀ࠸ࡲ##ど ⥺ ኚ ᭦ (Æጤ ဨ 㛗 )ࡋ ,ᕥ ⭎ ࢆ ᩍ ဨ ࡟ ྥ ࡅ ࡿ #ጤ ဨ 㛗 ࡣ 32 ⾜ ┠ ࡛ ࠊᤵ ᴗ ࡢ 㐍 ᗘ ࡟ ၥ 㢟 ࡀ ↓ ࠿ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡜ ࡢ ⌮ ⏤ ࢆ ၥ ࠸ ࠿ ࡅ ࡿ 㝿 ࠊᐇ ົ ⪅࡬࡜ど⥺ࢆ⛣ࡍࠋࡇࡢጤဨ㛗ࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸࠿ࡽࠊጤဨ㛗ࡣࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ᅇ⟅⪅࡜ࡋ࡚㐺௵࡞Ꮡᅾࡀሗ࿌⪅࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᐇົ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡼ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑ
ࡢጤဨ㛗ࡢ㉁ၥࡀሗ࿌⪅ࡢⓎヰ㛤ጞ࡜㔜」ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊጤဨ㛗ࡣ༶ᗙ࡟ど⥺ࢆሗ࿌⪅ ࡟ ᡠ ࡋ ࠊ 34 ⾜ ┠ ࡛ ㉁ ၥ ࢆ ෌ 㛤 ࡍ ࡿ ࠋሗ ࿌ ⪅ ࡣ 35–36 ⾜ ┠ ࡛ ࠊ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ᅇ ⟅ ࢆ ฟ ࡉ ࡎ ࡟ 3 ⛊ ㏆ ࡃ ỿ 㯲 ࢆ ࠾ ࡃ ࠋ ࡇ ࡢ 㛫 ࠊሗ࿌⪅ࡣᚋࢁ࡟ࡶࡓࢀ᥃࠿ࡿືసࠊ࠾ࡼࡧᐇົ⪅࡬࡜ど⥺ࢆᐄ࡚ࡿ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆࡶࡗ࡚
⮬㌟ࡢཧ୚ࡢᗘྜ࠸ࢆୗࡆࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࡦ࠸࡚ࡣሗ࿌⪅⮬㌟࠿ࡽࡢᅇ⟅ࢆணᮇࡉࡏ࡞࠸
ᵝᏊࢆぢࡏࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᐇົ⪅ࡶࠊⓎヰ㡰␒ࢆྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡏࡎ࡜ࡶࠊሗ࿌⪅ࡢど⥺࡟ྠㄪࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ど⥺ࢆྜࢃࡏ⥆ࡅࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ጤဨ㛗ࡣሗ࿌⪅࠿ࡽࡢᛂ⟅ࢆᚅࡘࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁ ࡓ ࡣ ࡎ ࡔ ࡀ ࠊ 36 ⾜ ┠ ࡛ ෌ ᗘ ࠊ ᐇ ົ ⪅ ࡬ ࡜ ど ⥺ ࢆ ᐄ ࡚ ࡿ ࠋ ࡑ ࡢ ᚋ ࠊ ሗ ࿌ ⪅ ࡣ 37 ⾜ ┠࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᐇົ⪅ࢆᅇ⟅⪅࡜ࡋ࡚᫂♧ⓗ࡟ᣦྡࡍࡿࠋ
ᮏ஦౛ࡣࠊሗ࿌⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇົ⪅ࡀᅇ⟅⪅࡜ࡋ࡚㐺௵࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂♧ࡉࢀࡿ๓࡟ࠊ
ጤဨ㛗ࡀࡑࢀࢆணᮇ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊጤဨ㛗ࡢ㉁ၥࡣࠊሗ࿌⪅ಶே࡟ྥࡅࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᐇົ⪅ࢆྵࡵࡓࠊ⤌⧊࡟ᑐࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ
࠿ࡿࠋ

−111−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）



4. ⤖ ㄒ
ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊሗ࿌⪅ࡀᐇົ⪅ࡢᚑ஦ࢆሗ࿌ࡢ㈨※࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡴᢏἲ࡟╔┠ࡋࡓࠋሗ࿌
⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ఏ࠼ࡽࢀࡓෆᐜࡀࠊᐇົ⪅࠿ࡽᢎㄆࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⿵㊊ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㐙⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿάືࡀࠊಶே࡟ࡼࡿሗ࿌࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢሗ࿌࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ๓㠃࡟ฟ㸬㸬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋᮏ✏࡛ᢅࡗࡓ஦౛ࡀ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡣࠊヰࡋᡭࡢࡳࡀሗ࿌ࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿ ⪅ ࡛ ࡶ ࡞ ࡅ ࢀ ࡤ ࠊሗ ࿌ ⪅ ࢆ 㝖 ࡃ ಶ ࠎ ࡢ ཧ ୚ ⪅ ࡀ ᆒ ➼ ࡟ ሗ ࿌ ࡟ ᚑ ஦ ࡍ ࡿ ࢃ ࡅ ࡛ ࡶ ࡞ ࠸ ࠊཧ୚⪅ྛࠎࡢ❧ሙࡢ୰࡛ࠊヰࡋᡭ࡜ཷࡅᡭࡢ୍ඖⓗ࡞㛵ಀࢆ㉸࠼࡚ࠊ⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢཧ
୚ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡀ㝿❧ࡘሙ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࠿ࡽ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡸࡣࡾཧ୚ᙺ๭ࡢ」㞧ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ఍㆟ሗ࿌࡟࠾࠸࡚
ྛࠎࡀⅭࡍᙺ๭ࡣࠊሗ࿌ࢆᐄ࡚ࡽࢀࡓ࠿ࠊᐄ࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࠿ࡽࡣ⮬᫂࡜࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆࠊᮏ✏ࡢ஦౛ࡣ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋཧ୚⪅ࡢᙺ๭ࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛┦஫⾜Ⅽࡢᖐ⤖࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊཧ୚⪅ࡢ⾜Ⅽ㐃㙐࠿ࡽ⊂❧ࡋࡓయ⣔࡜ࡋ࡚グ㏙ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋሗ࿌⪅࡟ࡼࡿᐇົ⪅ࡢᚑ஦ࢆ㈨※࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡴ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࡣࠊࡑࡢ᫬ࠎ࡛
ᖖ࡟᭦᪂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡃ఍ヰࡢᩥ⬦ࢆࡼࡃ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࠕ ཧ ୚ ࠖ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ༢ ୍ ࡞ ᴫᛕࢆ࡜ࡽ࠼┤ࡍព⩏ࡢ୍ࡘࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ

᩿∦グྕ
[ ]

Ⓨヰ㔜」ࡢ㛤ጞ࣭⤊஢⟠ᡤ

exa-

Ⓨヰࡢ୰᩿

(.)

0.2 ⛊ ᮍ ‶ ࡢ ỿ 㯲><㏿ࡃⓎኌࡉࢀࡓ⟠ᡤ㸦ୖグ௨ୖࡢ㸧ỿ㯲ࡢ⛊ᩘ<>㐜ࡃⓎኌࡉࢀࡓ⟠ᡤษࢀ┠ࡢ࡞࠸⥆⾜

exam

(0._)
=
(  )

⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࡀᅔ㞴࡞Ⓨヰ⟠ᡤ(())

㡢ࡢᙉㄪ⟠ᡤ
㌿෗⪅ࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ

ĹĻ┤ᚋࡢ㡢ࡢୖ࣭᪼ୗ㝆

:

㡢ࡢఙ㛗

h

࿧Ẽ㡢

---

᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࡢ⥅⥆⟠ᡤ#᣺ࡿ⯙࠸㸦ሗ࿌⪅㸧ࡢ㛤ጞ࣭⤊஢⟠ᡤ%᣺ࡿ⯙࠸㸦ጤဨ㛗㸧ࡢ㛤ጞ࣭⤊஢⟠ᡤ$᣺ࡿ⯙࠸㸦ᐇົ⪅㸧ࡢ㛤ጞ࣭⤊஢⟠ᡤㅰ㎡
ᮏ Ⓨ ⾲ ࡢ せ ᪨ ᥇ ᢥ ᫬ ࡟ ♧ ၀ ࡟ ᐩ ࡴ ࡈ ຓ ゝ ࢆ ࡃ ࡔ ࡉ ࡗ ࡓ ᑂ ᰝ ጤ ဨ ࡢ ⓙ ࡉ ࡲ ࠊࡲ ࡓ Ⓨ ⾲ ᫬ ࡟ ࡈᣦ ᦬࣭ࡈ ᥦ ᱌ ࢆ ୗ ࡉ ࡗ ࡓ 㐲 ⸨ ᬛ Ꮚ ඛ ⏕ ࠊ⏣ ୰ ᘅ ᫂ ඛ ⏕ ࡟ ឤ ㅰ ࠸ ࡓ ࡋ ࡓ ࠸ ࠋࡲ ࡓ ࠊᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡣ
JSPS ⛉ ◊ ㈝ 20K02466 ࡢ ຓ ᡂ ࢆ ཷ ࡅ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ㈗ 㔜 ࡞ ఍ ヰ ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ཰ 㞟 ࡟ ࡈ ᑾ ຊ ࠸ ࡓ ࡔ ࠸ ࡓ஭ ୖ ೺ ඛ ⏕ ࡜ ᒇ ᩜ ࿴ ె ඛ ⏕ ࠊ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ◊ ✲ ┠ ⓗ ࡛ ࡢ බ 㛤 ࡟ ᛌ ㅙ ࠸ ࡓ ࡔ ࠸ ࡓ ཧ ຍ ⪅ ࡢ ⓙ ᵝ ࡟ ឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋ

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他者の巻き込みによる組織としての報告の実践：学校協議会報告の事例にみられる参与役割の複雑性1 ᮏ✏ࡣ⣬ᖜࡢ㒔ྜ࠿ࡽཱྀ㢌Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓ஦౛ࡢࡳ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࡀࠊᐇົ⪅࠿ࡽゞṇࡀධࡗࡓ஦౛ࡶࢥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡣ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

2

 ࡇࡢ఍㆟࡟ࡣṇᘧྡ⛠ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࡢྡ⛠ࡀᑐ㇟ᆅ༊ࡸᑠᏛᰯࢆ≉ᐃࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺
ࡓࡵࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣ౽ᐅୖࠕᏛᰯ༠㆟఍ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟␃ពࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ

ཧ↷ᩥ⊩
Goffman, E. 1981. Forms of Talk. England: Blackwell.
Goodwin, C. 1986. “Audience Diversity, Participation and Interpretation.” Text 6(3), 283–
316.
Heritage, J. 2012. “Epistemics in Action: Action Formation and Territories of Knowledge.”
Research on Language and Social Interaction 45, 1–25.
Heritage, J., and Raymond, G. 2005. “The Terms of Agreement: Indexing Epistemic Authority
and Subordination in Talk-in-Interaction.” Social Psychology Quarterly 68(1), 15–38.
Lerner, G. H. 1996. On the Place of Linguistic Resources in the Organization of Talk-inInteraction: “Second-Person” Reference in Multi-Party Conversation. Pragmatics 6,281–294.
Mondada, L. 2013. “Embodied and Spatial Resources for Turn-taking in Institutional Multiparty Interactions: Participatory Democracy Debates.” Journal of Pragmatics 46(1), 39–
68.
Potter, J., and Hepburn, A. 2010. “Putting Aspiration into Words: ‘Laugh Particles’,Managing Descriptive Trouble and Modulating Action.” Journal of Pragmatics 42(6),1543–1555.
Rae, J. 2001. “Organizing Participation in Interaction: Doing Participation Framework.”
Research on Language and Social Interaction 34(2), 253–278.
Sacks, H., and Schegloff, E. A. 1979. “Two Preferences in the Organization of Reference to
Persons in Conversation and Their Interaction.” In G. Psathas (ed.) Everyday Language:
Studies in Ethnomethodology, 15–21. New York: Irvington.
Schegloff, E. A. 1998. “Body Torque.” Social Research 65(3), 535–596.
Stivers, T. 2008. “Stance, Alignment, and Affiliation during Storytelling: When Nodding Is
a Token of Affiliation.” Research on Language and Social Interaction 41(1), 31–57.

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

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ʰ ‫ٱ‬Ͷ‫ͻ͓ݶ‬ʱ͹࢘༽Ͷ‫ؖ‬ΚΖ࿨ཀྵ‫͕ܐؖ‬Γ;஌࿫ߑଆʁ  ʰཬΝศͦͻʱͳ͹ർֳ ਭీ༺ࢢࠅࡏ‫خ‬ಞ‫گ‬୉ָ
$EVWUDFW!-DSDQHVH J\DNXQLLHED  dUHYHUVHO\VSHDNLQJb*. DVDGLVFRXUVHPDUNHUUDLVHVWKHIROORZLQJTXHVWLRQV:KDWNLQGRIUHYHUVHUHODWLRQGRHV J\DNX LQGLFDWH"6SHFLILFDOO\GRHVLWLQGLFDWHWKHUHYHUVHUHODWLRQLQORJLF"'RHV*.MXVWSURYLGHDQDOWHUQDWLYHZD\RIGHVFULELQJWKHPDWWHURUGRHVLWDOVRLQYROYHQHZLQIRUPDWLRQ",V*.FRPSDWLEOHZLWKXUDRNDHVHED  dSXWWLQJLWWKHRWKHUZD\URXQGb85 "7KLVZRUNSURYLGHVDFRPSDUDWLYHDQDO\VLVRIWKHIXQFWLRQVRI*.DQG85EDVHGRQWKHTXDQWLWDWLYHDQGTXDOLWDWLYHDQDO\VHV
RIFRUSXVGDWDDQGVKHGVOLJKWRQWKHLUUHODWLRQVWRGLVFRXUVHSDUWLFLSDQWVbWKRXJKWDQG
XQGHUVWDQGLQJʴΫʖϭʖχʵʁ‫ٱ‬Ͷ‫ͻ͓ݶ‬ɼ࿨ཀྵ‫ܐؖ‬ɼ஌࿫ߑଆɼཬΝศͦͻɼαʖϏη෾ੵ ͺͣΌͶೖຌ‫ޢ‬͹ʰ‫ٱ‬Ͷ‫ͻ͓ݶ‬ʱ
ʤ*.ʥͺɼͨ͹઴‫ޛ‬Ͷफ़΄ΔΗΖ಼༲͹஌࿫஦Ͳ͹‫ܐؖ‬ΝࣖͤͪΌɼড়݇ઇ͖Δ൅ୣͪ͢஌࿫ඬࣟͳΊ͵ͦΖɽ*. ͺೖ৙దͶ࢘ΚΗΖ͗ɼͨ͹࢘༽Ͷͯ͏ͱҐԾ͹໲͗ਫ਼ͣΖʗʰ‫ٱ‬ʱͺʹ͹Γ͑͵؏఼͖Δ͹‫ܐؖٱ‬Νනͤ͹͖ɽಝͶɼ*.
͹઴‫ޛ‬͹ໍୌͺ࿨ཀྵָͶ͕͜Ζʰ‫ٱ‬ʱ͹‫ܐؖ‬ʤ0F&DZOH\ ໼໾ʥͶ͍Ζ͹͖ɽΉͪɼʰ‫ͻ͓ݶ‬ʱͺන‫ݳ‬৏͹ҩ͏Νනͤ͹͖ɼͨΗͳ΍಼༲ద͵৿৚ๅ΍‫ؖ‬Κͮͱ͏Ζ͹͖ɽߍͶɼྪࣇ͹න‫ݳ‬ʰཬΝศͦͻʱʤ85ʥͳͺ‫͵׷ޕ‬͹͖ɽࣛॽͶ͕͜Ζ‫ى‬फ़Ͳͺ *. ͳ 85 ͹ҩ͏͗Κ͖Δ͵͏ɽ஌࿫ߑଆ͹෾ੵɼ஌࿫ඬࣟસൢ
͹੓࣯Ώ‫ݺ‬พ͹஌࿫ඬࣟͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ͠Ή͡Ή͵‫͍͗ڂݜ‬Ζ͗ʤ$MPHU  )LVFKHU 
/HQN  0DQQ DQG 7KRPSVRQ  2QRGHUD  6KLQ]DWR  :HEEHU DQG3UDVDGʥɼ*. Ώ 85 Ͷͯ͏ͱ͹ཀྵ࿨దʀࣰৄద͵‫ڂݜ‬ͺ‫ݡ‬౲ͪΔ͵͏ɽຌ‫Ͳڂݜ‬ͺɼαʖϏηυʖνΝ༽͏ͱ *. ͳ 85 ͹༽ྭ͹࣯దʀྖద෾ੵΝߨ͏ɼͨΗͩΗ͹஌࿫஦Ͳ͹қັ‫ؽ‬೵Νմ໎ͤΖͳͳ΍Ͷɼྈं͹ർֳΝߨ͑ɽͨΗͶΓΕɼ*. ͳ
85 ͗஌࿫஦Ͳ͹࿫ंͳ௎ं͹ࢧߡͶʹ͹Γ͑Ͷ‫ؖ‬Κͮͱ͏Ζ͖ΝߡࡱͤΖɽ


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「逆に言えば」の使用に関わる論理関係および談話構造：「裏を返せば」との比較

  ઎ߨ‫ͳڂݜ‬༩ඍஎࣟ
 ઎ߨ‫ڂݜ‬Ή ͥࣛ ॽ Ͷ ͕ ͜Ζ ‫ ى‬फ़ Ν ‫ݡ‬Ζ ɽ ส ٕ ৏ɼ Τ Υ ϔ ৏Ͳ ཤ ༽ Ն ೵͵ ࣛ ॽ Ν ࢘ͮ ͪ ɽ:HEOLRྪ‫ࣛޢ‬ఱʤ*5$6 ήϩʖϕ‫ࣞה‬ճऀ ʥͶͺɼ*. ͹қັͺʰҲͯ͹ࣆณͶଲ͢ͱൕଲ͹ֱౕ͖Δ‫࣎ͪݡ‬͹න‫ݳ‬ʱ͕Γ;ʰ͍Ζ͞ͳ͗‫ٱ‬͹ްՎΝ΍ਫ਼΋͠Ήʱͳ͍Εɼ઴ं͹қັͶ͕͜Ζಋٝ‫ ͱ͢ͳޢ‬85 ͗‫͝ڏ‬ΔΗͱ͏Ζɽʰ߁ࣛԕໃྋ‫ࣛ߁ ࡩݗ‬ԕʱ͹ʰ‫ٱ‬ʱ͹ߴͲͺɼқັᶅͳ͢ͱʰ෼ࣆ͹ॳ঄Ώ๏޴͗ൕଲͲ͍Ζ͞ͳɽ͖͠͠Ήʱͳ͍Εɼқັᶇͳ͢ͱ࿨ཀྵָͶ͕͜Ζʰ‫ٱ‬ʱ͗ॽ͖Ηͱ͏Ζ 6RUDE ɽʰཬΝศͤʱͶͯ͏ͱͺɼқັᶆͳ͢ͱʰಋͣࣆณΝ‫ٱ‬͹໚͖Δ‫͑ݶ‬ʱͳॽ͖Ηͱ͏Ζ 6RUD D ɽʰ߁ࣛԕໃྋ
‫ ࡩݗ‬୉ࣛྜྷʱͶͺʰཬΝศͤʱ͹ߴ͹қັᶆͶʰʤʰཬΝศͦͻʱ͹‫Ͳܙ‬ʥ‫ٱ‬͹໚͖Δ‫ݶ‬͓ͻɽ‫ٱ‬͹‫͏ݶ‬๏ΝͤΗͻʱͳ͍Ζ 6RUD F ɽͪ͗ͮ͢ͱɼ͞ΗΔ͹ࣛॽͲͺɼ*.
ͳ 85 ͺಋٝͳ͢ͱѽΚΗͱ͏Ζɽरࣛߑଆཀྵ࿨ʤ0DQQDQG7KRPSVRQʥͲͺɼ஌࿫͹ఴ֋Νॶఈ͹‫ܐؖ‬Ν࢘ͮͱ෾
ੵͲ͘Ζ͗ɼ*. ͳ 85 ͺ‫ڠ‬Ͷଲർʤ&RQWUDVWʥΏ੠៝Կʤ(ODERUDWLRQʥͳ͏͑‫ܐؖ‬Νනͤ΍͹ͳ͵ΕɼͨΗҐ৏͹৆ࡋͺѽ͓͵͏ɽ஌࿫ඬࣟͶ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ‫ڂݜ‬ʤ$MPHU)LVFKHU
 /HQN  0DQQ DQG 7KRPSVRQ  2QRGHUD  6KLQ]DWR  :HEEHU
DQG3UDVDGʥ͹஦Ͷ΍ *. Ώ 85 Ͷͯ͏ͱ͹ཀྵ࿨దʀࣰৄద͵‫ڂݜ‬ͺ‫ݡ‬౲ͪΔ͵͏ɽ ༩ඍஎࣟ
‫ޢݶ‬න‫ݳ‬͹න಼ͤ༲͗࿨ཀྵʤָʥద͵಼༲ͳʹ͹Γ͑Ͷ‫ؖ‬Κͮͱ͏Ζ͖Ͷͯ͏ͱɼ‫ޢݶ‬ָΏ࿨ཀྵָ͹૔๏͖Δ࿨ͣΔΗͱ͏Ζʤ0F&DZOH\  ໼໾ ʥɽߍͶɼ‫ޢݶ‬͹࢘༽Ͷ͕͜Ζ࿨ཀྵ৏͹ࠠཛྷΏφϨρέɼಝͶᨑอͶͯ͏ͱ΍٠࿨͠Ηͱ͏Ζʤ‫ٳ‬໼ ໼࡜ ʥɽ஌࿫஦Ͳ‫ޢݶ‬න‫ݳ‬͹қັΝਜ਼͚͢ཀྵմͤΖͶͺɼୱͶ‫ޢ‬ኰΏߑชΝཀྵմͤΖͫ͜Ͳͺ͵͚ɼഐ‫ޛ‬Ͷ͍Ζ࿨ཀྵߑଆΏ஌࿫ߑଆΝਜ਼͚͢ͳΔ͓Ζ͞ͳ͗،གྷͳ͵Ζɽ༩ඍஎࣟͳ͢ͱɼໍୌؔ͹࿨ཀྵద͵‫ܐؖ‬ΝΉͳΌͱ͕͚ɽໍୌ S ͳ T Ͷଲ͢ͱɼໍୌ ;ΝʰS ˢ Tʱʤ́͵Δͻ͂ʥͳͤΖͳɼໍୌʰT ˢ SʱʤT ͵Δͻ SʥɼʰᵉT ˢ ᵉSʥʱʤTͲ͵͏͵Δͻ S Ͳ͵͏ʥɼ͕Γ;ʰᵉS ˢ ᵉTʱʤS Ͳ͵͏͵Δͻ T Ͳ͵͏ʥͺͨΗͩΗ ;͹‫ٱ‬ɼଲ۰ɼཬͳ‫ͻݼ‬ΗΖɽ͞͞Ͳɼʰˢʱͺ࿨ཀྵద‫؜‬қ͹‫ܐؖ‬ΝɼΉͪʰᵉʱͺໍୌ͹൳ఈΝනͤ࿨ཀྵ‫͍Ͳߺى‬Ζɽ೜қ͹ໍୌ ; ͳͨ͹ଲ۰ͺಋ஍Ͳ͍Ζʤྈं͹ਇْͺಋͣʥɽಝͶɼ; ͗ਇ͵Δͻɼ; ͹ଲ۰ໍୌ΍ਇͲ͍Ζɽ͖͢͢ໍୌ ; ͗ਇͲ͍ͮͱ΍ɼ; ͹‫ٱ‬Ώཬ͹ໍୌͺਇͳͺ‫ݸ‬Δ͵͏ɽ ࿨ཀྵద͵ਇʤ෾ੵద͵ਇʥͳ‫ݩܨ‬ద͵ਇΝۢพͤΖ͞ͳ͗චགྷͲ͍Ζɽྭ͓ͻɼʰ೧݆̐͹ೖ਼ͺ  ೖͲ͍Ζʱͳ͏͑ໍୌͶଲ͢ͱɼͨ͹‫ٱ‬ʰ ೧͹͍Ζ݆͹ೖ਼͗

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日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022） ೖ͵Δɼͨ͹݆ͺ݆̐Ͳ͍Ζʱͺɼ‫੊ࣰݳ‬ֆͶ͕͏ͱͺਇͲ͍Ζ͗ɼͨΗͺ΍ͳ͹ໍୌ͖Δ࿨ཀྵదͶ಍͖ΗΖ΍͹Ͳͺ͵͏ɽஎࣟΏਬ࿨Ͷ͕͜Ζ࿨ཀྵͳ‫༽ޢ‬࿨͹ ‫ܐؖ‬΍஭қΝགྷͤΖɽྭ͓ͻɼʰӏ͗߳ͮͱ͏ͪΔ
ࢁΝͤ͠ʱ͗නͤ͹ͺɼ̐ͯ͹ࣆে͹ؔͶ‫ݩܨ‬దͶ‫ݡ‬ΔΗΖ‫͍Ͳܐؖ‬Εɼ࿨ཀྵద͵‫؜‬қ‫ؖ‬‫Ͳܐ‬ͺ͵͏ɽΉͪɼໍୌ ; ͖Δͨ͹‫ٱ‬ΏཬΝ಍͚͞ͳͺɼ࿨ཀྵదͶͺͲ͘͵͏͗ʤ৏‫ى‬ʥɼೖ৙ద͵ਬ࿨Ͷ͕͏ͱͺқັΝ࣍ͬɼͨΗͩΗΠϔξέεϥϱʤDEGXFWLRQʥ͕Γ;༢಍
ਬ࿨ʤLQYLWHGLQIHUHQFHUHDVRQLQJʥͳ‫ͻݼ‬ΗΖɽྭ͓ͻɼʰิߨं͗ࢁΝ͢͠ͱ͏Ζ͖Δ
ӏ͗߳ͮͱ͏Ζ͹ͫΘ͑ʱͳ͏͑ਬ࿨ͺɼʰӏ͗߳ͮͱ͏ͪΔࢁΝͤ͠ʱͳ͏͑‫ݩܨ‬ద͵‫و‬ଉ͖Δͨ͹‫ٱ‬Ν಍͚΍͹ʤΠϔξέεϥϱʥͲ͍ΖɽΉͪɼʰόʖφΝୁ͢ͱ͚ΗͪΔαʖϐʖΝ‫ޜ‬சૺͤΖΓʱͳ‫ݶ‬ΚΗͪ৖߻ɼͨ͹ཬͶ͍ͪΖʰόʖφΝୁ͢ͱ͚Ηͪ৖߻͹ΊαʖϐʖΝ‫ޜ‬சૺͤΖΓ ʤୁ͢ͱ͚Η͵͖ͮͪΔαʖϐʖΝ‫ޜ‬சૺ͢͵͏ʥʱͳ͏͑
‫؜‬қΝἠΊखΖ͹ͺ༢಍ਬ࿨Ͳ͍Ζɽ͑ͪ͢͞ɼ‫ݩܨ‬ద͵ഐ‫ܢ‬Ώ൅࿫͹қਦ͵ʹ͹‫༽ޢ‬࿨ద͵གྷો͗‫ؖ‬ΚΖਬ࿨ͺɼೖ৙‫ޢݶ‬Ͷ͕͏ͱͺළൡͶߨΚΗΖ͗ɼ࿨ཀྵదͶਜ਼͢͏ਬ࿨ͳ͹ۢพ͖͗ͯ͵͚͵ΖͳɼࢧߡΏ٠࿨Ͷ͕͏ͱࠠཛྷ͗ਫ਼ͣΖɽᨑอͺ͞͹఼Ν޾ΊͶཤ༽ͪ͢΍͹Ͳ͍Ζɽ ๏๑
‫ݳ‬େೖຌ‫ݶ͘ॽޢ‬ཁ‫ߩۋ‬αʖϏη  ௪৙൝ʳʤ%&&:-ʥΝ༽͏ͱɼ*. ͳ 85 Ͷͯ͏ͱช࣊྽‫ࡩݗ‬ʤ઴‫ޛ‬ชຼͺ֦  ࣊ʥΝߨ͏ɼ85 Ͷͯ͏ͱͺ෼ཀྵద͵ʰཬศͤʱ͹қັͲ͹༽ྭ  ݇Νঈ֐͢ͱɼͨΗͩΗ  ͕݇Γ;  ݇͹༽ྭΝಚͪɽΉͥ༽ྭસରΝ֕؏͢ɼ࿨ཀྵߑଆΏଲলͶ‫ؖ‬ΚΖकགྷ͵ʰν΢ϕʱΝ‫͝ڏ‬ɼસ༽ྭͶν΢ϕ͹ϧϗϩΝ෉ͪ͜ɽͨ͢ͱν΢ϕ͹झྪΏ‫خ‬६Ν໎֮Կͪ͢‫ޛ‬ɼϧϗϩ෉͜͹݃ՎΝ֮೟ʀरਜ਼ͪ͢ɽߍͶɼ֦༽ྭͶଲ͢ͱ *. ͳ 85 ͹‫׷ޕ‬੓Ν൓ఈͪ͢ɽ
 ࿨ཀྵߑଆΏଲলͶ‫ؖ‬ΚΖʰν΢ϕʱ*. ͕Γ; 85 ͗නͤ஌࿫஦͹‫ܐؖ‬Ͷͯ͏ͱɼҐԾ͹Γ͑Ͷν΢ϕ $f* Νઅͪ͜ɽ$ʛ' ͺໍୌؔ͹࿨ཀྵ‫͍Ͳܐؖ‬Εɼ$ ͺ‫ٱ‬ɼ% ͺཬɼ& ͺଲ۰ɼ' ͺ࿨ཀྵద‫؜‬қͲ͍Ζɽ( ͺ̐ͯ͹෼ࣆ͹ଲলͶ‫ؖ‬ΚΖ΍͹ ɼ) ͺ઴͹಼༲͹੠៝Կʤ৆ࡋઈ໎͵ʹʥɼ* ͺන‫ݳ‬৏͹‫͍Ͳ͓׷͏ݶ‬Ζɽ

ࠕɼ*. ͳ 85 Ͷ‫ؖ‬ΚΖଲলགྷોΝ ; ͕Γ; < ͳͤΖɽ &ʤଲ۰ʥͲͺ ;ʤS ͵Δͻ
Tʥͳ <ʤT Ͳ͵͏͵Δͻ S Ͳ͵͏ʥ͗ಋ஍Ͳ͍Ζ͗ɼ$ʤ‫ٱ‬ʥɼ%ʤཬʥɼ'ʤ࿨ཀྵద‫؜‬қʥͲͺ ; ͳ < ͺಋ஍Ͳ͵͏ɽ$ ͕Γ; % Ͷͯ͏ͱͺɼ; ͗ਇͲ͍ͮͱ΍ < ͗ਇͳͺ‫ݸ‬Δ͵͏ɽ' Ͷͯ͏ͱͺɼ; ͹‫͗ٱ‬੔Εཱིͯ͹ͺ ; ͗ಋ஍‫ܐؖ‬͹ͳ͘Ͷ‫ݸ‬ΔΗΖɽ( ͺࢻ఼ʤʹ−116−「逆に言えば」の使用に関わる論理関係および談話構造：「裏を返せば」との比較

͖͞Δʙʹ͞Ν‫ݡ‬ΖʥͶ‫ؖ‬ΚΖɽ( ͳ ( ͺ ; ͳ < ͗࿊ಊͤΖ৖߻Ͳɼ; ͳ < ͗߁ٝ͹‫ࣰͳࣞܙ‬ସ͹‫ܐؖ‬Ͷ͍Ζ৖߻Ν (ɼͨΗҐ֐͹‫ܐؖ‬Ͷ͍Ζ৖߻Ν ( ͳͪ͢ʤ৏Ծɼ
ࠪӊɼߢఈదʙ൳ఈద͵ଈ໚͵ʹ͹‫ܐؖ‬ʥɽ( ͺ ; ͳ < ͗࿊ಊ͢͵͏৖߻ʤ৿͢͏ࢻ఼
͹಍೘͵ʹʥͲ͍Ζɽ'ɼ( ɼ)ɼ* Ͳͺɼ; ͳଲল͠ΗΖ͹ͺ ; ͹൳ఈͲ͍Εɼͨ͹݃Վɼʰพ͹ɼ৿ͪ͵ʱ͹қັ͗‫ؖ‬Κͮͱ͏Ζɽ ৏‫ى‬͹ν΢ϕ͹ͨΗͩΗͳ *.85 ͹‫׷ޕ‬੓Ͷͯ͏ͱɼྭΝࣖͤɽαʖϏηʤ%&&:-ʥ͹༽ྭ஦͹ʰ‫ٱ‬Ͷ‫ͻ͓ݶ‬ʱͳʰཬΝศͦͻʱͺͨ͹ΉΉॽ͘ɼ஖͘‫͓׷‬Νྲྀ‫Ͳޢ‬ɼඉ‫׷ޕ‬Νʰʱʤ‫ڒ‬༲Ͳ͘͵͏ʥͲන͢ɼช຦Ͷν΢ϕΝࣖͤɽ%&&:- ͹υʖν͹຦ඎͶγϱϕϩ ,' ͳ֋࢟Ғ஖Ν෉ͪ͢ɽ  Ҳਕ฽Δ͢ ͹ঃͺɼ ෼ ૿͖ͫΔ໌ ઴Νॽ͖ ͵ ͏Ξͫɽʪ‫ٱ‬Ͷ‫ͻ͓ ݶ‬ʙ 85ʫɼ໌࣊ ͫ͜Ͳ ɼ ໌ ઴ ͗ ॽ ͏ ͱ ͵ ͏ ෨ Բ ͺ ঃ ͹ Ҳ ਕ ฽ Δ ͢ ɼ ͳ ߡ ͓ ͱ Ά · ؔ ҩ ͏ ͵ ͏/%WB >$ ‫@ٱ‬ ࢴͺɼ΢νϨΠͲ࢘ͮͱ͏ΖࡒྋΝ࢘͏ɼϪϗϩΝฯͮͱ͏Ηͻɼͤ΄ͱ΢νϨΠྋ
ཀྵͲ͍Ζͳߡ͓ͱ͏Ήͤɽ ʪ‫ٱ‬Ͷ‫ͻ͓ݶ‬ʙ85ʫɼ΢νϨΠͲ࢘ͮͱ͏͵͏ࡒྋΝ࢘ͮͪ৖߻ͺɼͨΗͺ΢νϨΠ෫Ͳͺ͍Θ͑͜Ηʹɼ΢νϨΠྋཀྵͨ͹΍͹Ͳͺ͵͏ͳࢧ͏Ήͤɽ /%EB >% ཬ@ ड़Պरߨ͹ຳྙͳ͏͑͹ͺՁ͖ͳ‫ͳ͑ݶ‬ɼ͞͹ऀճ͹֐Ͷड़Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳͲͤɽͨ
͑͏͑๏๑ Ͷඉ৙ Ͷଡ ͚͹ऑ͏ਕ ͪͬ͗ ຳྙ Ν‫ͳ ͑͞͏ ͳͪͣ״‬ͺ ɼ ^ཬΝศͦͻ ʙ*.`ɼ͞͹ऀճ ͹ඉ ৙ Ͷଡ͚ ͹ଈ໚ ͗ߢఈ Ͳ ͘͵͏ ɼ΋͢ Θ͞͹ ऀ ճͨ͞ ଂ΋΄ ͘ɼ൳ఈͤ΄͘΍͹Ͳ͍Ζͳ͏͑ৼ৚Ν͞͹ऀճͺਫ਼Ίड़͢ͱ͢Ήͮͱ͏ͪ͹Ͳͺ͵͏͖ɽ /%NB >% ཬ@ ΠγϨ۹Ε‫ͤͲ͑ͨͫࢯے‬Γɼ͟Ӈ‫ڋ‬ɽ ^‫ٱ‬Ͷ‫ͻ͓ݶ‬ʙ85`ɼࡀΗΖͮͱ͞ͳͲͤΓ͸ɽ 2<B >( ࢻ఼ @ ࣥॉࡂΉͲ ಉ͚͞ ͳΝ મ΄Ζऀճ ͳ͏͑ ͹ͺ ࢴ΍୉࢏੔ Ͳ͍Ε Ήͤ ͢ ɼ^‫ٱ‬Ͷ‫ͻ ͓ݶ‬
ʙ85`ɼࣥॉ ࡂΉ Ͳಉ ͚͞ͳ ͗ຳྙ ͍Ζ ऀճ Ν͚ͯ Ζ͞ͳ ͗චགྷ ͣ Ύ͵͏ ͖ͳࢧ ͑ΞͲͤ͗ɼ 20B   >) ੠៝Կ@ ͨ͑͏ౖ͑໨‫ݒ‬ଆ෼͹݊સౕͳਅ͢Ή͖ͤɼ^‫ٱ‬Ͷ‫ͻ͓ݶ‬ʙ85`ɼ‫ͳౕݧث‬ਅ͢Ή͖ͤΝϧϱέͰ͜Ν͏ͪ͢ͱ͕ΕΉ͢ͱɼ 20B >* න‫ݳ‬ʤ‫͓׷͏ݶ‬ʥ@༽ྭ  Ͷ͕͏ͱɼໍୌ S ͳ T ΝʰS ঃ͹Ҳਕ฽Δ͢ʱ͕Γ;ʰT නࡵͺ໌࣊ͫ͜Ͳ໌઴ͺॽ͖͵͏ʱͳͤΖͳɼ*. ͹઴‫ޛ‬Ͷ͍Ζ ; ͕Γ; < ͺͨΗͩΗʰS ͵Δͻ Tʱ͕Γ;
ʰT ͵Δͻ SʱΝනͤͪΌɼν΢ϕͺʰ$ ‫ٱ‬ʱͳ෾ੵ͠ΗΖɽͯΉΕɼ; ͹‫ < ٱ‬΍੔Εཱི

−117−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ͯͳक௃͢ͱ͏Ζɽ*. ͺ 85 Ͷ஖͘‫ͱ͓׷‬΍ࣙષͲ͍Ζɽ༽ྭ  ͕Γ;  ͺͳ΍Ͷʰ%ཬʱ͹ν΢ϕͲ͍Ζɽ઴ंͺ *. Ν‫؜‬΋ྭͲɼ*. Ν 85 Ͳ஖͘‫͓׷‬Ζͳ෈ࣙષͲ͍Ζɽ ͺ 85 Ν‫؜‬΋ྭͲ͍Εɼ 85 Ν *. Ͷ஖͘‫ͱ͓׷‬΍ࣙષͲ͍Ζɽ༽ྭ  ͺʰΠγϨ۹Ε‫ࢯے‬ʱͳ͏͑ϩʖϩ͖Δɼʰͨ͑͏͑‫ߴࣆࢯے‬Νઅ͜ͱ͍Ζ͹ͺɼࣰࡏΠγϨ͗ࡀΗ
Ζ͖Δͫʱͳ͏͑ഐ‫ܢ‬৚ๅΝಣΊմ͚͞ͳΝනͤɽͪ͗ͮ͢ͱɼ*. ͹ν΢ϕͺ߁ٝ͹‫ܙ‬ࣞͳࣰସ͹‫ܐؖ‬Νනͤʰ( ࢻ఼ ʱͳ෾ੵͲ͘ɼ*. Ν 85 Ͷ஖͘‫ͱ͓׷‬΍ࣙષͲ͍Ζɽ༽ྭ  ͺɼࣥॉࡂΉͲಉ͚͞ͳΝમ΄Ζऀճ ͖ΔߍͶಁΊࠒΞͲɼࣥॉࡂΉͲಉͪ͘͏
ͳ੷‫ۅ‬దͶࢧ͓ΖऀճͶ‫͏ͱ͢ٶݶ‬ΖͪΌɼ*. ͗නͤ͹ͺʰ) ੠៝Կʱ͹‫ͳܐؖ‬෾ੵ͠
ΗΖɽ85 Ͷ஖͘‫͓׷‬Ζͳ෈ࣙષͲ͍Ζɽ༽ྭ  ͺʰ* න‫ݳ‬ʤ‫͓׷͏ݶ‬ʥʱͳ෾ੵͲ͘Ζɽʰ݊સౕ͗୉͘͏ʙঘ͠͏ʱͺɼʰ‫ౕ͗ݧث‬ঘ͠͏ʙ୉͘͏ʱͳಋͣ͞ͳͲ͍ΖͪΌɼઈ໎৏͹‫͓ߡͳ͓׷͏ݶ‬ΔΗΖɽ͞͹ *. Ν 85 Ͳ஖͘‫͓׷‬Ζͳ෈ࣙષͲ͍Ζɽ͵͕ɼʰ݊સౕʱͳʰ‫ౕݧث‬ʱͺଲলద͵ଈ໚Ͷ஭໪ͪ͢΍͹Ͳ͍ΖͪΌʰ( ࢻ఼ ʱ΍ޫึͳ͵
Ζɽ͖݊͢͢સౕͶՅ͓ͱ‫఼ࢻ͵ͪ৿͑͏ͳౕݧث‬Ν༫͓Ζ͹Ͳͺ͵͚ɼʰͳਅ͢Ή͖ͤʱ
Ͷ΍න͠ΗΖΓ͑Ͷɼϧϱέ෉͜͹‫;ݼ‬๏͹ҩ͏Ͷ‫͏ͱ͢ٶݶ‬ΖͪΌɼʰ* න‫ݳ‬ʤ‫׷͏ݶ‬͓ʥʱͳͪ͢ɽ͞͹Γ͑Ͷ෾ੵ͹พմ͍͗Ζ৖߻ͶͺΓΕన઀͵΍͹ΝમΞͫɽ  ෾ੵ݃Վ
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「逆に言えば」の使用に関わる論理関係および談話構造：「裏を返せば」との比較

સରͲ͹*.85‫  ི׷ޕ‬        
1$                        න̏Ͷࣖͤ௪Εɼ਼݇͹߻‫ܯ‬ͺɼ*. ͺ 85 ͹༁̑ഔ͍ͮͪɽ෾ාͺɼ85 ͺकͶ (ͳ ( Ͷॄ஦͢ͱ͏Ζ͹Ͷଲ͢ɼ*. ͺ &ɼ(ɼ* Ͳ͹࢘༽΍Ҳఈఖౕ͍Εɼ( ͗ർֳదঙ͵͏ɽ‫׷ޕ‬੓ͺɼસରͲͺ Ͳ͍ͮͪ͗ɼ‫ི׷ޕ‬͹߶͏ν΢ϕͳఁ͏ν΢ϕͶ್‫ۅ‬Կ͢ͱ͏Ζɽ‫׷ޕ‬੓ɼ෾ාɼ਼݇Ν૱߻దͶߡྂͤΖͳɼᶅ*. ͳ 85 ͗Ά·‫͵׷ޕ‬ν΢ϕͺ (ɼᶆ*. Ͷಝ௅ద͵͹ͺ &ɼ(ɼ͕Γ; *ɼᶇ85 Ͷಝ௅ద͵͹ͺ ( Ͳ͍Ζͳ෾ੵͲ͘Ζɽ  ࣯ద෾ੵ
࣏ͶɼྭΝ‫* ͱ͝ڏ‬. ͳ 85 ͹࣯ద͵ർֳΝͤΖɽඉ‫׷ޕ‬ͺɼʰʱʤ‫ڒ‬༲Ͳ͘͵͏ʥ͕Γ;ʰ""ʱʤ͖͵Ε෈ࣙષʥͲනͤɽ ʰ੶ਈʱʰঘࢁʱ ͲͺҲ ‫ۄ‬͹஦ৼ͗ՐངͶΓͮ ͱࡠΔΗΖɽ ߶༴ͤΖ ෨෾ͲՐང͗༽
͏ΔΗΖ͹ͫ͗ɼ^‫ٱ‬Ͷ‫ͻ͓ݶ‬ʙ85`ɼՐངͶΓͮͱ෥ୈ͗߶༴͢ɼ‫ݶڲ‬͹ʰ‫ڲ‬ʱ͹য়ସ͖͗΍͢ड़͠ΗΖ͹Ͳ͍Ζɽ /%EB >$ ‫@ٱ‬ ਕ͹ѳ ޳Ώ ൹൓ ͳ͏ ͑ ΍͹ͺ ɼ^""*.ʙཬ Ν ศͦͻ`ɼࣩ ెΏ ࣙ෾ ࣙ ਐͶࣙ ৶͗ ͵͏͞ͳ͹͍ΔΚΗ͹Γ͑͵‫͗͢ـ‬Ήͤɽҩ͑Ͳ͢Β͖͑ɽ 3%B >( ࢻ఼@ ͨ͞Ͳਫ਼Ίड़͠ΗΖγʖϑη͹ྒྷ͢ѳ͢ʤ஦ྲྀʥͶ‫͚͵ܐؖ‬ɼҲఈ͹ྋۜ͗ࢩ෹ΚΗΉͤ ɽ^*.ʙཬ Ν ศͦ ͻ`ɼ ͨΗ Ґ৏ ͹γ ʖϑ ηΏ ޽෋ Ν͢ ͪͳ ͢ͱ ΍Ձ Δ͹ ‫ ࡃܨ‬ద‫ݡ‬ศΕͺಚΔΗ͵͏࢕ૌΊͶ͵ͮͱ͏Ήͤɽ /%IB >( ࢻ఼ @ ͺໍୌʰ෥ୈ͗߶༴ˢՐངΝ࢘༽ʱ͹‫͗ٱ‬੔Εཱིͯ͞ͳΝ৿৚ๅͳ͢ͱफ़΄ͱ͏Ζɽ*. ͺʰ‫ٱ‬Ͷʱ͹қັͲ࢘ΚΗͱ͕Εɼࣰࡏɼʰ‫ͻ͓ݶ‬ʱΝঈ͏ͱୱͶʰ‫ٱ‬Ͷʱͳͪ͢๏
͗໎֮Ͳ͍Ζɽ85 Ͳͺ‫ٱ‬͹ໍୌ͹੔ཱིΝ઴఑ͳ͢ͱ͏ΖωϣΠϱη͗ਫ਼ͣΖͪΌ෈ࣙષ
Ͳ͍Ζɽ  ͺɼ‫ݳ‬েʤѳ޳Ώ൹൓ʥͶ൒ࣰ͑ସʤৼ͹஦ʥͶͯ͏ͱ͹ਬ଎Νफ़΄ͱ͏Ζɽ ͺ‫͍Ͳ׷ޕ‬Ζ͗ҩ͏͍͗Ζɽ*. ͺಋͣໍୌΝ͚ͫ͏ͱઈ໎ͤΖཱི৖Νන͢ɼ85 ͺ௎ं͗‫॑͏͵͏ͱ͏෉ـ‬གྷ͵͞ͳʤಝͶɼ෼ࣆ͹ຌ࣯ʥΝ๭͚Γ ͑͵ ωϣΠϱη Νਫ਼ͣ Ζɽ ‫خ‬ຌదͶɼʰ‫ٱ‬ʱ΍ʰཬʱ΍ɼ಼ࡑద͵‫خ‬६ͶΓΖ΍͹ͳ૮ଲద͵΍͹ͳ͍͗Ζʤྭʰ໌ࡵ͗৏Ծ‫ٱ‬Ͷ͵ͮͱ͏Ζʱ YV ʰʲࢃຌʳ͹‫ٱ‬ͺʲຌࢃʳͫʱɼʰෲΝཬศ͢Ͷ஥ͱ͏Ζʱ
YV ʰࢶͶ࣊Νॽ͏ͱཬศͤʱʥɽߍͶɼαʖϏηυʖν͹࣯ద෾ੵͶΓΕҐԾ͹͞ͳ͗ࣖ−119−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ࠨ͠Ηͪɽᶅ*. ͕Γ; 85 Ͷ͕͜Ζʰ‫ٱ‬ʱʙʰཬʱͺɼ૮ଲద͵΍͹Ͷ‫ݸ‬ΔΗΖɼᶆ*.
Ͷ͕͏ͱͺɼ
ʰ‫ٱ‬ʱͺ ; ͹൳ఈͳ͢ͱʰพ͹ɼ৿ͪ͵ʱ͹қັΝන͢ɼʰൕଲʱ͹қັͲͺ͵͚͵Ζ৖߻͍͗Ζʤ ઇͲ‫ٶݶ‬ʥɼᶇ85 Ͷ͕͏ͱͺɼ৙ͶනͳཬͶ͍ͪΖགྷો͗ιρφͳ͵Ζɼᶈ85 Ͷ͕͏ͱͺʰཬʱ͗ʰӇΗͱ͏Ζ໚ʱΝන͢ 85 ͺʰӇΗͱ͏Ζ෨෾Νਬ଎ͪ͢Ε๭͏ͪΕͤΖʱ͹ωϣΠϱηΝ࣍ͯ৖߻͗ଡ͏ɽ ͕Γ;  Ͷ͕͜Ζ *. ͳ 85 ͹ҩ͏ͺɼ৏‫ى‬ᶈΝࣖࠨͤΖɽΉͪɼන̏Ͷ͕͏ͱ*. ͳ 85 ͶยΕ͗‫ݡ‬ΔΗΖ෨෾ʤ& ଲ۰ɼ( ࢻ఼ ɼ( ࢻ఼̐ɼ* න‫ݳ‬ʥͺ৏‫ى‬ᶆʛᶇͳືંͶ‫ؖ‬Κͮͱ͏Ζɽ  ٠࿨ͳཀྵ࿨ద‫؜‬қ*. ͺɼช࣊௪ΕͶͺɼʰ‫ٱ‬Ͷʱͳҡ͵Εಋ஍͹ໍୌΝพ͹‫͏ݶ‬๏Ͳफ़΄ΖΓ͑Ͷմए
Ͳ͘Ζɽྭ͓ͻ৏‫ى‬͹Γ͑Ͷɼ༽ྭ  Ͳͺɼ85 ͳಋ༹Ͷɼ‫ٱ‬͹ໍୌ͹੔ཱིΝ઴఑ͳͤΖ‫؜‬қ͗‫ͱͮޣ‬ਫ਼ͣಚΖɽν΢ϕ %ɼ(ɼ) Ͷͯ͏ͱ΍ಋ༹Ͳ͍Ζɽ‫ޢ‬ኰద͵қັΏߑช͵ʹͺཀྵմ͢ͱ͏ͱ΍ɼ஌࿫͹࿨ཀྵద͵ླྀΗΝਜ਼͚͢೼ѴͲ͘͵͏৖߻Ώɼ࿫ं͗қਦͪ͢φϨρέΏᨑอͶ௎ं͗‫ؗ‬ΖՆ೵੓͍͗Ζɽຌ‫ڂݜ‬ͺɼ*. Ͷ‫ؖ‬͢ͱ࿫ंͳ௎ं͹ࢧߡΏαϝϣωίʖεϥϱΝঁ͜Ζ‫͵ͳેخ‬Ζ͞ͳ͗‫غ‬ଶͲ͘Ζɽຍ༃Ώӵ‫گޢ‬үͶ΍‫ؖ‬༫ͤΖɽ*. ͕Γ; 85 ͹ӵ༃Ͳͺɼୱ९Ͷ FRQYHUVHO\ Ώ UHYHUVHO\ͳ௜༃ͤΖ͞ͳͺͲͥ͘ɼʹ͹Γ͑͵ଲল͗‫ؖ‬Κͮͱ͏Ζ͹͖Ν‫ۅݡ‬ΌΖචགྷ͍͗Ζɽͨ͹ࡏɼຌ‫ڂݜ‬Ͷ͕͜Ζ෾ੵ༙͗༽Ͳ͍Ζɽྭ͓ͻ % ͺ RQWKHRWKHUKDQG ɼ& ͺ FRQYHUVHO\ ɼ( ͺ E\FRQWUDVW ɼ( ͺ DFWXDOO\ ɼ* ͺ LQRWKHUZRUGV ͵ʹ͗న઀ͫΘ͑ɽ ݃࿨
*. ͳ 85 ͹࢘༽Ͷͺ‫خ‬ຌదͶՁΔ͖͹ଲলద͵؏఼͗‫ؖ‬ΚΖɽ࿨ཀྵ‫ܐؖ‬Ώଲল‫ܐؖ‬͹ν΢ϕͶ‫ͱ͏Ͱخ‬αʖϏηυʖνΝ࣯దʀྖదͶ෾ੵͤΖ͞ͳͶΓͮͱɼ۫ରద͵ಝ௅͗
໎Δ͖Ͷ͵ͮͪɽ*. ͺ࢘༽൥ҕ͗ΓΕ߁͚ɼωϣΠϱη΍‫؜‬ΌΗͻ *. ͳ 85 ͹‫׷ޕ‬੓ͺ‫ݸ‬ఈదͲ͍Ζ͞ͳ͗ࣖ͠Ηͪɽ஌࿫ඬࣟͺ஌࿫஦͹࿨ཀྵ‫ܐؖ‬Ώ஌࿫ߑଆΝཀྵմͤΖͪΌ͹॑གྷ͵घ͖͗Εͳ͵Ζɽͨ͹ൕ໚ɼన઀Ͷ࢘༽ʀཀྵմ͠Η͵͜ΗͻࠠཛྷΝড͚Ն೵੓΍͍Ζɽຌ‫Ͳڂݜ‬ͺ *. Ͷͯ͏ͱқັ‫ؽ‬೵Ν۹ΕԾͪ͝ɽಚΔΗͪஎ‫ݡ‬ͺɼըʓ͹ࢧߡΏαϝϣωίʖεϥϱͶؒ‫ͤݫ‬Ζ͞
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第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

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第25 回大会発表論文集

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13BB3H;9@3 % :3E:F3963K  ] y   O+73D5:34>7 ,3>= ,:7 $;@9G;EF;5 G@5F;A@E A8")&+.& -  N  '!
13BB3H;9@3% 



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3E:F39E P + &(    ", %("(' -%.$-*!+ &("!&".!&- +/,-"$A@6A@>AA?E4GDK(G4>;E:;@9  −145−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ẚ႘ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡳࡓࠕ࿌ⓑ⾜Ⅽࠖືモࡢ㏻ゝㄒⓗ⪃ᐹ
ᒣ୰ಙᙪ
ᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ

<Abstract> This paper compares the vocabulary denoting the speech act ofconfiding in Japanese, Chinese, Korean, English, German, and Russian from theviewpoint of figurative language and describes similarities and differences among
them. It classifies the vocabulary according to what sense each item is used in tomean “to confide”. The six languages are similar in that they have many itemswith a sense “speak”, “open”, “take out”, or “show”. The items with any of the latter
three senses can be given a unified account if the act of confiding is to beconceptualized as that of opening the speaker ’s heart, take out and show what is
hidden in it.

࠙ ࢟ ࣮ ࣡ ࣮ ࢻ ࠚ㸸 㢮 ⩏ ㄒ ࣭ ࣓ ࢱ ࣇ ࢓ ࣮ ࣭ ࣓ ࢺ ࢽ ࣑ ࣮ ࣭ ᴫ ᛕ ໬ ࣭ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ せ ⣲㸯㸬 ᗎㄽ
࿌ ⓑ ⾜ Ⅽ ࢆ ⾲ ࡍ ື モ ࡢ 㢮 ⩏ ㄒ࣭㢮 ⩏ ⾲ ⌧ ࡟ ࡣࠕ ᡴ ࡕ ᫂ ࡅ ࡿ ࠖࠕ Ἶ ࢆ ྤ ࡃ ࠖ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺
࡞ ẚ ႘ ⓗ ࡞ ࡶ ࡢ ࡀ ከ ࡃ ྵ ࡲ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋᮏ ✏ ࡣ ࠊࠕ ࿌ ⓑ ⾜ Ⅽ ࠖື モ ࢆ ẚ ႘ ࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࠿ ࡽ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ࣭୰ᅜㄒ࣭㡑ᅜㄒ࣭ⱥㄒ࣭ࢻ࢖ࢶㄒ࣭ࣟࢩ࢔ㄒࡢ㸴ゝㄒ࡛ẚ㍑ࡋ㢮ఝⅬ࣭┦㐪Ⅼࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ୺࡞┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋᮏ✏ࡢࡼ࠺࡞どⅬ࠿ࡽࡢ࿌ⓑㄒᙡ◊✲ࡣࠊእᅜㄒᩥ
⊩࣭᪥ᮏㄒᩥ⊩ࢆၥࢃࡎࠊ㏻ゝㄒⓗ࡟ࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇ୍ࡘࡢゝㄒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ ඲ࡃ࡞࠸࡜ゝࡗ ࡚ ࡶ 㐣 ゝ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ 㸦 Web of Science ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ CiNii ࡢ ᳨ ⣴ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ 㸧ࠋᮏ✏࡛ᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࡢࡣࠊࠕ ⮬ ศ ⮬ ㌟ ࡟ 㛵 ࢃ ࡿ ෆ ᐜ ࡛ බ ゝ ࡋ ࡟ ࡃ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ㸦 ᪂ ᝟ ሗ ࡜ ࡋ࡚㸧⪺ࡁᡭ࡟ఏ࠼ࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࢆ⾲ࡍㄒᙡ㸦௨ୗࠊ័⏝⾲⌧ࡶྵࡴࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋఏ ࠼ ࡿ ෆ ᐜ ࡣ ࠊᝏ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࡶ ࡼ ࠸ ࡋ ࠊࡑ ࠺ ࡛ ࡞ ࡃ ࡚ ࡶ ࡼ ࠸㸦 ౛ ࠼ ࡤ ᜊ ឡ ឤ ᝟ ࡞ ࡝ 㸧ࡀ ࠊࠕ⮬ศ⮬㌟࡟㛵ࢃࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚑࡗ࡚ࠊࡓ࡜࠼⛎ᐦࡢෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠕ ᭀ ࡃ ࠖࠕ ࿌ ࡆ ཱྀ ࡍ ࡿ ࠖࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ࠕ ⮬ ศ ⮬ ㌟ ࡟ 㛵 ࢃ ࡿ ࠖࡇ ࡜ ࡟ ࡣ ౑ ࢃ ࡞ ࠸ ࡶ ࡢ ࡣ ᢅ ࢃ࡞ ࠸ ࠋࡲ ࡓ ࠊࠕ ཱྀ ࢆ ⁥ ࡽ ࡏ ࡿ ࠖࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ⾜ Ⅽ ࡀ ព ᅗ ⓗ ࡛ ࡞ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ྵ ព ࡍ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡶ ┬ ࠸
ࡓࠋ

−146−

比喩の観点からみた「告白 行為」動詞の通言語的考察

ㄒᙡࡢ᥇ᢥࡢ┠Ᏻࡣࠊୖ࡛ᐃ⩏ࡋࡓព࿡ࢆᣢࡕࠊ༢୍ືモࡢሙྜࡣࡋ࠿ࡶࠕ⛎ᐦࢆ㹼㸦 㹼 a secret㸧ࠖࡲ ࡓ ࡣࠕ ᚰ ୰ ࢆ 㹼㸦 㹼 one’s heart㸧ࠖ࡜ ࠸ ࠺㸦 ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ ゝ ㄒ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࡣ๓⨨モ௜ࡁࡢ⿵ㄒ࡞࡝ࢆక࠺㸧ᩥᆺ࡛ࠕ㹼ࠖࡢ఩⨨࡟ධࢀ࡚౑࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊཝ
ᐦ࡞ᇶ‽࡜ࡲ࡛ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࠕ ࿌ ⓑ ⾜ Ⅽ ࠖື モ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࢝ ࢸ ࢦ ࣜ ࣮ ࡢ እ ᘏ ࡣ ᫂ ☜ ࡟ ᐃ ࡵ ࡀࡓࡃࠊࡇࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡣࣉࣟࢺࢱ࢖ࣉᵓ㐀ࢆᣢࡘ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣࡲࡎࢩࢯ࣮ࣛࢫ࡟ồࡵࡿࡀࠊࢩࢯ࣮ࣛࢫࡀ㈋ᙅ࡞ሙྜࡣ ᬑ㏻ࡢ㎡᭩࡛᥈ࡋࡓࡾ࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢺ࡟ᑜࡡࡓࡾࡋ࡚⿵ࡗࡓࠋ
ḟ࡟ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽࡳ࡚ࠕ࿌ⓑࡍࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛౑ࢃࢀࡿ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ ㄒᙡࢆศ㢮ࡋࡓࠋほⅬࡣࠊࡲࡎඹ᫬ⓗ࡞㛵㐃ࡍࡿ௚ࡢព࿡࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤㄒᵓᡂ ࡸ ㄒ ※ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ タ ᐃ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋ౛ ࠼ ࡤࠕ㸦 ᮏ 㡢 ࢆ 㸧₃ ࡽ ࡍ ࠖࡣࠕ Ỉ ࢆ ₃ ࡽ ࡍ ࠖ࡟ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿᇶᮏ⩏࠿ࡽ⪃࠼࡚㸺ฟࡍ㸼࡜࠸࠺ほⅬࢆࠊࠕ ࿌ ⓑ ࡍ ࡿ ࠖࡣ ㄒ ᵓ ᡂ せ ⣲ ࡢࠕ ⓑ ࠖࡀࠕ ヰ ࡍ ࠖ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ព ࿡ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ ࡓ ࡵ 㸺 ヰ ࡍ 㸼 ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ほ Ⅼ ࢆ ࠊ confess ࡣ ㄒ ※ ࡟ ࡼ ࡾ 㸺 ㄆ ࡵ ࡿ 㸼 ࡜ ࠸࠺ほⅬࢆタᐃࡍࡿࠋ㸰㸬 㸴ゝㄒࡢ㢮ఝⅬ࡜┦㐪Ⅼ㸴 ゝ ㄒ ࡢ ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ࢆ ୖ ㏙ ࡋ ࡓ ほ Ⅼ ࠿ ࡽ ศ 㢮 ࡋ ࡚ ࡲ ࡜ ࡵ ࡓ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ 㸦 ᅗ 1㸧 ὀ  ࠋ

ᅗ 1 ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࣭ ୰ ᅜ ㄒ ࣭ 㡑 ᅜ ㄒ ࣭ ⱥ ㄒ ࣭ ࢻ ࢖ ࢶ ㄒ ࣭ ࣟ ࢩ ࢔ ㄒ ὀ  ࡢ ࠕ ࿌ ⓑ ⾜ Ⅽ ࠖ ື モ㸦ୗ఩⠊␪ࡣྑୗࡆ࡛♧ࡍ㸧ヰ ࡍ㸸

࿌ ⓑ ࡍ ࡿ  ⓑ ≧ ࡍ ࡿ  ⮬ ⓑ ࡍ ࡿ㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ᪥ 㸧gàobái[࿌ ⓑ ]sù[䇹 ]

ᗳ]

kocoy[ ࿌ ⨥ ]-hatataytatĆnbái> ඖ ⲭ @ 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ୰ 㸧  kopayk[ ࿌ ⓑ ]-hatatánxūn[䈸capayk[⮬ ⓑ ]-hata㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ㡑 㸧 speak out one’s heart speak (out)one’s mind tell㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊⱥ 㸧 vygovorit’

vygovorit’sja

govorit’ po du šam㸦௨ୖࠊ㟢㸧ㄆ ࡵ ࡿ 㸸 confess fess up admit ὀ   acknowledge owngesteheneingestehenzugebeneinbekennen㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ⊂ 㸧  soznat’sja

own up㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ⱥ 㸧bekennenFarbebekennen

priznat’sja㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ 㟢 㸧᜼ ࠸ ࡿ㸸 ᠲ ᜼ ࡍ ࡿ㸦 ᪥ 㸧chànhuŭ[ᗿ ᛄ ]㸦 ୰ 㸧yeycham[⚰ ᠲ ]-hatachamhoy[ᠲ ᜼ ]-hata㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ 㡑 㸧  pokajat’sja㸦 㟢 㸧౪ ࠼ ࡿ㸸 ⮬ ౪ ࡍ ࡿ㸦 ᪥ 㸧gòng[౪ ]gòngchřng[౪ ⛠ ]㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ୰ 㸧 cakong[⮬ ౪ ]-hata㸦 㡑 㸧−147−gòngrèn[‫ ׋‬䇔 ]zìgòng>㠚 ‫@ ׋‬日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ᕪ ࡋ ฟ ࡍ 㸸  hé pán tuż chƈ>઼ ⴈ ᢈ ࠪ ]㸦 ୰ 㸧ಙ 㢗 ࡍ ࡿ 㸸 confide㸦 ⱥ 㸧 doverit’

poverit’㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ 㟢 㸧Ώ ࡍ 㸸 vydat’㸦 㟢 㸧ศ ࠿ ࡕ ྜ ࠺㸸 hoypho[᠜ ᢪ ]lul selo nanwuta㸦 㡑 㸧 podelit’sja

razdelit’ 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ㟢㸧ࡣ ࡓ ࡃ 㸸 (kasum.ul / kantam.ul) thel.e-nohta㸦 㡑 㸧ฟ ࡍ 㸸  ₃ ࡽ ࡍ  ࡪ ࡕ ࡲ ࡅ ࡿ  ࡉ ࡽ ࡅ ฟ ࡍ  ⫵ ⫢ ࢆ ฟ ࡍ 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ᪥ 㸧  tœoxūn>ᦿ ᗳ @tœo xūnwżzi>ᦿ ᗳ ネ ᆀ @㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ୰ 㸧nay-po.ita㸦 㡑 㸧 out with it㹙ࠕ ⪃ ࠼ ࡚࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ゝ ࠼ ࠖ㹛let it all hang out㹙ࠕ ࡉ ࡽ ࡅ ฟ ࡍ ࠖ㹛㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊⱥ 㸧 auspacken㸦 ⊂ 㸧 vyložit’vyložit’sja㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ 㟢 㸧 ྤ ࡃ㸸 ྤ ࡃ  Ἶ ࢆ ྤ ࡃ  ྤ ࡁ ฟ ࡍ  ྤ 㟢 ࡍ ࡿ㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ᪥ 㸧 tƊ>ੀ @tƊlù>ੀ 䵢 @tƊshí>ੀ ᇎ @㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ୰ 㸧 key.wuta

seltho[ㄝ ྤ ]-hatasiltho[ᐿ ྤ ]-hata 

tholo[ ྤ 㟢 ]-hatathosel[ ྤ ㄝ ]-hata

sil-thoceng[ ᐿ ྤ ᝟ ]-hatathoceng[ ྤ ᝟ ]-hatathochwul[ ྤ ฟ ]-hatathopha[ ྤ ◚ ]-hatatho[ྤ ]-hata㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ 㡑 㸧  spit it out㹙ࠕ Ἶ ࢆ ྤ ࡃ ࠖ㹛㸦 ⱥ 㸧ฟ ࡿ 㸸 come out

come out of the closet㹙ࠕ ྠ ᛶ ឡ ⪅ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ᫂ ࠿ ࡍ ࠖ㹛 comeout with 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ⱥ 㸧  herausr¾cken㸦 ⊂ 㸧ὀ ࡄ ࠊ ὶ ࡍ 㸸 pour out㸦 ⱥ 㸧 izlit’

izlit’sja㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ 㟢 㸧ᢞ ࡆ ࡘ ࡅ ࡿ 㸸 obrušit’㸦 㟢 㸧㏻ ࡍ 㸸  tòudŭ>䘿 ᓅ @tòutáng>䘿 㟋 @㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ୰ 㸧ഴ ࡅ ࡿ 㸸  ⫢ ⫹ ࢆ ഴ ࡅ ࡿ 㸦 ᪥ 㸧  dào[ಽ ] qūngsù[‫ ٮ‬䇹 ]qūngtƊ[‫ ٮ‬ੀ ] 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ୰ 㸧⿬ ㏉ ࡍ 㸸  ocang[஬ ⮤ ] kkaci twi-cip.e-po.ita㸦 㡑 㸧
ぢ ࡏ ࡿ㸸 ᫂ ࠿ ࡍ  ᡴ ࡕ ᫂ ࡅ ࡿ  ⫵ ⫢ ࢆ ᫂ ࠿ ࡍ㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ᪥ 㸧bàolù>ᭀ 㟢 ]с]

liàngdŭ> Ӟ ᓅ ]  liàngsū> Ӟ ⿱ ]shì’ài[ ⽪ ⡡ ]tĆnlù>㻂 䵢 @㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ୰ 㸧nay-po.ita㸦 㡑 㸧 reveal
unbosom  declareliàngchžu>Ӟ
tĆnlù> ඖ 䵢 @

disclose disbosom

expose 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ⱥ 㸧 offenbarensich offenbaren

verraten㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ⊂ 㸧
そ ࠸ ࢆ ྲྀ ࡿ 㸸 kka-nohta 㸦 㡑 㸧  bare  lay bare  unveil  uncoverunclotheundress㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ⱥ 㸧 enthüllen㸦 ⊂ 㸧 obnažit’㸦 㟢 㸧୪ ࡭ ࡿ 㸸  chénqíng>䱸 ᛵ @㸦 ୰ 㸧 ᗈ ࡆ ࡿ 㸸  phye-nohta㸦 㡑 㸧  razvernut’㸦 㟢 㸧㛤 ࡃ 㸸  ⬚ あ ࢆ 㛤 ࡃ  ⫢ ⫹ ࢆ ᢨ ࡃ  ⫵ ⫢ ࢆ ᢨ ࡃ  ᢨ ℡ ࡍ ࡿ 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ᪥ 㸧  pū gœn lì−148−

比喩の観点からみた「告白 行為」動詞の通言語的考察

dĆn>ᣛ 㛍 ⋕ 㛶 @pū gœn lì xuè>ᣛ 㛍 ⋕ 㹰 @ pūhuái>ᣛ ᘰ @ pūlì>ᣛ ⋕ @pūlùgœndĆn> ᢨ 㟢 㛍 㛶 @ 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ୰ 㸧  kasum.ul heychye-nohta

kantam.ul

heychita

the-nohta

kantam.ul

yel.e-nohta

sok(.ul)/ma.um.ul

philyek[ᢨ ℡ ]-hata㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ㡑 㸧 open

open up unlock㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊⱥ 㸧 öffnensich öffnen 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ⊂ 㸧  otkryt’otkryt’sja

raskryt’

raskryt’sja

priotkryt’ 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ 㟢 㸧๭ࡿ㸸 ᡴࡕ๭ࡿ ⭡ࢆ๭ࡿ ᗏࢆ๭ࡿ ཱྀࢆ๭ࡿࡣ ࡌ ࡅ ࡿ 㸸  bàoliào>⇿ ᩱ @㸦 ୰ 㸧྿ ࡃ 㸸 pwulta

pwullim-hata㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ 㡑 㸧Ⲵ ࢆ 㝆 ࢁ ࡍ 㸸 disburden  unburden  unload  get off one’s chest 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ⱥ 㸧vygruzit’

vyvalit’ 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ 㟢 㸧ở ࢀ ࢆ ࡜ ࡿ 㸸 come clean make a clean breast ofࡑ ࡢ ௚ 㸸  ⭡ ᚰ ࢆ ᕸ ࡃ  ࿌ ゎ ࡍ ࡿ  ⮬ 㤳 ࡍ ࡿ  ⴠ ࡕ ࡿ 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ᪥ 㸧  jiœodài[ ஺ ௦ ]jiœoxūn[஺ ᚰ ]shízhœo[ᇎ ᤋ ]tóuàn>ᣅ Ṹ @  zhœo>ᤋ @  zhœogòng>ᤋ ‫@ ׋‬zhœorèn>ᤋ 䇔 @  zhíshƈ xiżngyì>ⴤ ᣂ 㜨 㟶 @  zìshžu>㠚 俆 @ 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ ୰ 㸧capok[ ⮬ ᭹ ]-hata  caswu[ ⮬ 㤳 ]-hata 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ 㡑 㸧  blurt out  cry on
someone’s shoulder㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊⱥ 㸧 beichten
posvjatit’ispovedovat’singen 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ⊂ 㸧 otvesti dušu

ispovedovat’sja  ob”jasnit’sja v ljubvi 㸦 ௨ ୖ ࠊ㟢㸧ࡲࡎ㸴ゝㄒࡢ㢮ఝⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㸺ヰࡍ㸼㸺㛤ࡃ㸼㸺ฟࡍ㸼㸺ぢࡏࡿ㸼࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽ ᤊ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ㄒ ࡀ ከ ࠸ ࠋᚋ ࡢ ୕ ࡘ ࡣ ࠊヰ ࡋ ᡭ ࡢ ᚰ ୰ ࡟ 㞃 ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࢆ ࠊ ὀ  ᚰ ࢆ 㛤ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ฟࡋࠊぢࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚࿌ⓑ⾜Ⅽࡀᴫᛕ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡜⤫୍ⓗ࡟ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࠋᚋ㏙ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࿌ⓑࡢ࣓ࢱࣇ࢓࣮ࡣ⤒㦂ⓗ࡞ᇶ┙ࡀ ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡿ ࠋ Sweetser (1990: 42, 45)ࡣ ࠊ ㌟ య ⓗ ࡞ ▱ ぬ ࡜ ෆ ⓗ ࡞ ឤ ぬ ࡜ ࡢ ࣓ ࢱ ࣇ ࢓ ࣮ ⓗ ࡞ ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࡣయ⣔ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡣᬑ㐢ⓗࡲࡓࡣ㏻ᩥ໬ⓗ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊྠᵝࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ࿌ⓑㄒᙡ࡟ࡶᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
ḟ࡟┦㐪Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㸺ㄆࡵࡿ㸼ࡣⱥ࣭⊂࣭㟢࡟ぢࡽࢀࠊ㸺ฟࡍ㸼ࡢୗ఩⠊␪ࠓྤࡃࠔࡣ᪥࣭୰࣭㡑࡟ከࡃࠊ㸺Ⲵࢆୗࢁࡍ㸼ཬࡧ㸺ぢࡏࡿ㸼ࡢୗ఩⠊␪ࠓそ࠸ࢆྲྀࡿࠔ
ࡣⱥㄒ࡟ከ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ┦㐪Ⅼࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢゝㄒࡢᩥ໬ⓗ⫼ᬒ࡜࠿࠿ࢃࡿࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡍࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊタᐃࡋࡓほⅬ࡟ࡣྵព㛵ಀࡸ㐃⥆ᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊఱ࠿ࢆ㸺ഴࡅࡿ

−149−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）㸼 ࡇ ࡜ ࡣ ࡑ ࡢ ୰ ࡟ ධ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࢆ 㸺 ฟ ࡍ 㸼 ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ྵ ព ࡍ ࡿ ࠋࡲ ࡓ ࠊࣟ ࢩ ࢔ ㄒ ࡢ otkryt’ࡣ ㄒ ⩏ ༊ ศ ࡟ ᛂ ࡌ ࡚ࠕࠑ ࡩ ࡓ ࡢ ࠶ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࢆ ࠒ࠶ ࡅ ࡿ ࠖࠕࠑ ࡓ ࡓ ࢇ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࢆ ࠒ㛤 ࡃ ࠊᗈࡆࡿࠖࠕ࠾࠾࠸ࢆྲྀࡿࠖࠕ㸦 ᰦ ࡞ ࡝ ࢆ 㛤 ࡅ ࡚ 㸧ࡔ ࡍ ࠖ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ヂ ㄒ ࡀ㸦 ᮾ 㒓 ࡯ ࠿ ⦅ .1988㸧ࠊ㡑 ᅜ ㄒ ࡢ phye-nohta ࡣ ྠ ᵝ ࡟ࠕ ᗈ ࡆ ࡚ ᩜ ࡃ ࠖࠕ㸦 ᮏ ࢆ 㸧㛤 ࠸ ࡚ ࠾ ࡃ ࠖ࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ヂ ㄒ ࡀ㸦 Ἔ㇂ ࡯ ࠿ ⦅ . 2018㸧 ࠶ ࡚ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ ࠊ ほ Ⅼ ┦ ஫ ࡢ ቃ ⏺ ⥺ ࡀ ᫂ ☜ ࡟ ࡣ ᘬ ࡅ ࡞ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸱㸬 ಶูⓗ࡞ㄒᙡ㡯┠ࡢ⪃ᐹ
Lakoff and Johnson (2003[1980])ࡢ ᴫ ᛕ ࣓ ࢱ ࣇ ࢓ ࣮ ⌮ ㄽ ࠿ ࡽ ぢ ࡿ ࡜ ࠓ ྤ ࡃ ࠔ ࡣ ㉳ Ⅼ㡿ᇦ㸦㌟యⓗ࡞჎ྤ㸧࡜┠ᶆ㡿ᇦ㸦⢭⚄ⓗ࡞ྤ㟢㸧࡜ࡢ㛫࡛」ᩘࡢせ⣲ࡀᑐᛂࡍࡿⅬ࡛ ὀ ┠ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ༶ ࡕ ࠊࠕ Ἶ ࢆ ྤ ࡃ ࠖࢆ ౛ ࡟ ࡜ ࡿ ࡜ ࠊ჎ ྤ ࡍ ࡿ ⪅ ࡀ ྤ 㟢 ࡍ ࡿ ⪅ ࡟ ࠊ๓ ⪅ ࡢయෆ࡟࠶ࡿ᭷ᐖ࡞≀㉁㸦㸻Ἶ㸧ࡀᚋ⪅ࡢᚰ୰࡟࠶ࡿ⨥ᝏឤ㸦ࡢཎᅉ㸧࡟ࠊ჎ྤ⾜Ⅽ࡟క࠺㸦≉࡟჎ྤ┤๓ࡢ㸧㌟యⓗⱞ③ࡀྤ㟢⾜Ⅽ࡟క࠺㸦≉࡟ྤ㟢┤๓ࡢ㸧⢭⚄ⓗⱞ③࡟ࠊ჎ྤࡢᚋࡢ᭷ᐖ࡞≀㉁ࡢ㝖ཤ࡟ࡼࡿ∝ᛌឤࡀྤ㟢ࡢᚋࡢ⨥ᝏឤࡢ㍍ῶ࡟ࡼࡿᏳሚ
ឤ࡟ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀᑐᛂࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋὀ ࡇࢀࡽࡢせ⣲ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊࡸࡸほⅬࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡀ࿌ⓑ⾜Ⅽࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ↔Ⅼ໬ࡋࡓ⾲⌧ࡀⱥㄒࡢ make a clean breast of ࡛ ࠶ ࢁ ࠺ ࠋ ⨥ ῝ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ࿌ ⓑ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ࠊ ࡑ ࢀ ࡀ ࡶ ࡓ ࡽ ࡍ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠕᚰࡢί໬ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡛ࠊࡇࡢ⾲⌧࡟ࡣ࣓ࢱࣇ࢓࣮ࡔ ࡅ ࡛ ࡞ ࡃ ᫬ 㛫 ࡢ ࣓ ࢺ ࢽ ࣑ ࣮ ࡶ ࠿ ࠿ ࢃ ࡿ ࠋࡘ ࡲ ࡾ ࠊ mark ࡀࠕ Ⅼ ᩘ 㸦 ࢆ ࡘ ࡅ ࡿ 㸧ࠖ࡜ ࠸࠺⤖ᯝⓗព⩏࡛ࡶࡗ࡚ࠊࡑࢀ࡟ඛ⾜ࡍࡿࠕ᥇Ⅼࡍࡿࠖࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࡢ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠝ ⤖ ᯝ ࡛ ࣉ ࣟ ࢭ ࢫ ࠞ ࢆ ⾲ ࡍ ࣓ ࢺ ࢽ ࣑ ࣮ ࣃ ࢱ ࣥ ࡢ ୍ ౛ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸦 ℩ ᡞ 2005㸸 151㸧 ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋcry on someone’s shoulder ࡣ ࠊࠝ ⤖ ᯝ ࡛ ࣉ ࣟ ࢭ ࢫ ࠞ ࢆ ⾲ ࡍ ࣓ ࢺ ࢽ ࣑ ࣮ ࡢ ࡉ ࡽ ࡞ ࡿ ౛࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊDeignan (2005: 65ࠊヂ ᭩ 78 㡫 )࡛ ࡣࠕ ࣓ ࢺ ࢽ ࣑ ࣮ ⏤ ᮶ ࡢ ࣓ ࢱࣇ࢓࣮ࠖࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡑࢀࡣࠕ㏻ᖖࠊពᅗⓗ࡟ㄡ࠿࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ
࡚ᝎࡳࢆヰࡋࠊྠ᝟ࢆᘬࡁฟࡍࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ ࠊᐇ㝿ࡢ⾜ືࡀᏐ⩏㏻ࡾ࡟⪺ࡁᡭࡢ⫪࡛ࡍࡍࡾἽࡃ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࣓ࢺࢽ ࣑ ࣮ ࡢ ື ᶵ ࡙ ࡅ ࢆ ᣢ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠖ㸦 ヂ ᭩ 79 㡫 㸧 ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ᫬ 㛫 ࡢ ࣓ ࢺ ࢽ ࣑ ࣮ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ Ⅼ ࠿ ࡽ ぢ ࡿ ࡜ ࠊࠕ ⬚ あ ࢆ 㛤 ࡃ ࠖࠕ ⭡ ࢆ ๭ ࡿ ࠖ ࡞ ࡝ ࡣ ࠝ ཎ ᅉ ࡛ࣉ ࣟ ࢭ ࢫ ࠞ ࢆ ⾲ ࡍ ౛ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸦 ℩ ᡞ 2005㸸 152㸧 ࡜ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ㸲㸬 ᪂ወ࡞࿌ⓑ⾲⌧−150−

比喩の観点からみた「告白 行為」動詞の通言語的考察

᪂ወ࡞࣓ࢱࣇ࢓࣮ࡣ័⏝ⓗ࡞࣓ࢱࣇ࢓࣮ࢆᣑᙇࡋ࡚సࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ ࡀ ᣦ ᦬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡀ 㸦 Lakoff and Turner (1989: 67); Lakoff (1993: 210)㸧ࠊ ࿌ ⓑ ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ௨ୖ㏙࡭ࡓẚ႘ࡢ㢮ᆺࡀࠊᩥᏛసရ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞㠀័⏝ⓗ࡞࿌ⓑ⾲ ⌧ ࡟ ⏕ ࠿ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡀ ☜ ㄆ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ 㸦 ୗ ⥺ ㏣ ຍ 㸧ࠋ (3) 㹼 (5) ࡛ ၥ 㢟 ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ

unravel ࠊ vystavljat’ ࠊ razorvat’ ࡢ ᭱ ࡶ 㛵 㐃 ᛶ ࡢ ࠶ ࡿ ព ࿡ ࡣ ࠊ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ࠕ ࡯ ࡝ ࡃ ࠖࠕ ே┠ ࡟ ࡉ ࡽ ࡍ ࠖࠕ ศ ᩿ ࡍ ࡿ ࠖ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊࠕ ࿌ ⓑ ࡍ ࡿ ࠖ ࡣ ౑ ⏝ ࡋ ࡓ ㎡ ᭩ ࡟ ࡣ ぢ ᙜ ࡓ ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ ࠋࡌࡼ࠺࠶࠸(1) ␲ ࠸ ࡢ ሢ ࡾ ࢆ ࡑ ࡢ ᪥ ࡑ ࡢ ᪥ ࡢ ᝟ ྜ ࡛ ໟ ࢇ ࡛ ࠊ ࡑ ࡗ ࡜ ⬚ ࡢ ዟ ࡟ ࡋ ࡲ ࡗ ࡚ ⨨ ࠸ ࡓዟ ࡉ ࢇ ࡣ ࠊࡑ ࡢ ᬌ ࡑ ࡢ ໟ ࡳ ࡢ ୰ ࢆ ⚾ ࡢ ๓ ࡛ 㛤 ࡅ ࡚ ぢ ࡏ ࡓ ࠋ㸦 ኟ ┠ ₙ ▼ࠗ ࡇ ࡇ ࢁ ࠘᪂ ₻ ᩥᗜ 㸸 ୖ 19㸧ࡁࡼࡃࡏࡲ(2) ࡑ ࡢ ᴟ ࠶ ࡞ ࡓ ࡣ ⚾ ࡢ 㐣 ཤ ࢆ ⤮ ᕳ ≀ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࠊ ࠶ ࡞ ࡓ ࡢ ๓ ࡟ ᒎ 㛤 ࡋ ࡚ ࡃ ࢀ ࡜ 㐕ࡗࡓࠋ㹙 ୰ ␎ 㹛⚾ ࡣ ௒ ⮬ ศ ࡛ ⮬ ศ ࡢ ᚰ ⮚ ࢆ ◚ ࡗ ࡚ ࠊࡑ ࡢ ⾑ ࢆ ࠶ ࡞ ࡓ ࡢ 㢦 ࡟ ᾎ ࡏ ࠿ ࡅ ࡼ ࠺࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ࡍ ࠋ㸦 ྠ ୖ 㸸 ୗ 2㸧(3) He broke into my very Soul by it ; and I unravell’d all the Wickedness of myLife to him: (Daniel Defoe, Moll Flanders . Penguin Classics: 366)ᙼࡣࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⚾ࡢ㨦ࡢዟᗏ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡾࡇࡳࠊ⚾ࡣ⏕ᾭࡢ୍ษࡢᝏ஦ࢆᙼ࡟≀ㄒࡾࡲ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ㸦 ࢹ ࣇ ࢛ ࣮ ࠗ ࣔ ࣝ ࣭ ࣇ ࣛ ࣥ ࢲ ࣮ ࢬ 㸦 ୗ 㸧࠘ ᒾ Ἴ ᩥ ᗜ 㸸 176㸧(4) i xot’ i vnutrenno stydjas’ togo, Āto vystavljaet svoi intimnejšie Āuvstva, takskazat’, na «vseobšĀij pozor», (F.M.Dostoevskij, Brat’ja Karamazovy . Polnoe
Sobranie SoĀinenij v Tridcati Tomax, Tom ÿetyrnadcatyj. Izdatel’stvo Nauka: 423)
⮬ศࡢࡶࡗ࡜ࡶෆᐦ࡞ឤ᝟ࢆ࠸ࢃࡤࠓୡ㛫ࡢࡉࡽࡋࡶࡢࠔ࡟ࡍࡿ ࡇ࡜ࢆෆᚰ࡛ࡣ᜝ࡌ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ ࡶ ࠊ㸦 ࢻ ࢫ ࢺ ࢚ ࣇ ࢫ ࢟ ࣮ ࠗ ࢝ ࣛ ࣐ ࣮ ࢰ ࣇ ࡢ ඗ ᘵ 㸦 ୰ 㸧࠘ ᪂ ₻ ᩥ ᗜ 㸸 ➨ 9 ⦅ 4㸧(5) Ved’ ja, tak skazat’, dušu moju razorval popolam pred vami, (ibid.: 446)ࡔ ࡗ ࡚ ൅ ࡣ ࠊ࠸ ࢃ ࡤ ࠶ ࡞ ࡓ ᪉ ࡢ ๓ ࡟ ᚰ ࢆ ┿ ࡗ ஧ ࡘ ࡟ ๭ ࡗ ࡚ ࡳ ࡏ ࡓ ࢇ ࡛ ࡍ ࡼ ࠊ㸦 ྠ ୖ㸸
➨ 9 ⦅ 7㸧㸳㸬 ࠕ࿌ⓑ⾜Ⅽࠖືモ࡜ㄒ⏝ㄽⓗせ⣲㸱 㸬 ࡛ ㏙ ࡭ ࡓ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࠊࠕ ࿌ ⓑ ⾜ Ⅽ ࠖ ື モ ࡟ ほ ᐹ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࣓ ࢺ ࢽ ࣑ ࣮ ࡢ ୍ 㒊 ࡣ make aclean breast of ࡸ cry on someone’s shoulder ࡟ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ 㸺 ᚰ ࡢ 㔜 Ⲵ ࢆ ୗ ࢁ ࡍ㸼 ࡇ ࡜ ࡟ 㛵 ಀ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋᒣ ୰㸦 2020㸧ࡣ ྰ ᐃ ⓗ ࡞ ෆ ᐜ ࢆ ࡶ ࡘ ⊃ ⩏ ࡢ ࿌ ⓑ ࡢ Ⓨ ㄒ ෆ ⾜ Ⅽ ࢆ
Coleman and Kay (1981) ࡢ ཎ ᆺ ព ࿡ ㄽ ⓗ ࡞ ⪃ ࠼ ᪉ ࡟ ᇶ ࡙ ࠸ ࡚ グ ㏙ ࡋ ࠊ ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ ࿌ ⓑ ࡜࠸ ࠺ Ⓨ ヰ ⾜ Ⅽ ࡢ ィ ⏬ ࠿ ࡽ 㐙 ⾜ ࡲ ࡛ ࢆ ྵ ࡵ ࡓ ඲ 㐣 ⛬ ࢆ ࠊLakoff (1987) ࡢ ࣉ ࣟ ࢺ ࢱ ࢖ ࣉ࣭

−151−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ࢩࢼࣜ࢜࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࢆ᥼⏝ࡋ࡚グ㏙ࡋࡓࠋୖ㏙ࡋࡓ㸺ᚰࡢ㔜Ⲵࢆୗࢁࡍ㸼ࡣࠊ௬ᐃࡋࡓⓎㄒෆ⾜Ⅽࡢ㸯せ⣲࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ௬ᐃࡋ
ࡓࢩࢼࣜ࢜ࡢ᭱⤊ẁ㝵ࠕ࿌ⓑࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍᙳ㡪ࠖࡢ୍ࡘ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ⓨヰ⾜Ⅽࡢㄒ⏝ㄽⓗせ⣲ࡀࠊⓎヰ⾜Ⅽືモࡢព࿡ࡢ୍㒊࡜ࡋ࡚⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ࡇࢀࡣࠕྤ
ࡃࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ㸧ࡇ࡜ࡣ⯆࿡῝࠸ࠋὀ㸯 ࠕྤ㟢ࡍࡿࠖ࡞࡝ࠊ」ᩘࡢほⅬ㸦㸺ฟࡍ㸼㸺ぢࡏࡿ㸼㸧࠿ࡽศ㢮࡛ࡁࡿ㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ↹㞧ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡎࢀ࠿୍ࡘࡢほⅬ࡟ᒓࡉࡏࡿࠋ㸰 ࣟࢩ࢔ㄒࡢືモࡢᙧែ࡟ࡣ᏶஢య࡜୙᏶஢యࡢ༊ูࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ࿌ⓑ⾜Ⅽࡢ⾲⌧࡟ࡣ᏶஢యࡢ᪉ࡀࡼࡾ⮬↛࡛࠶ࡿࠊ࡜࠸࠺࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢺࡢᣦ᦬࡟ᚑ࠸᏶஢యࢆ௦
⾲࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊࣟࢩ࢔ㄒࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣᇸ⋢኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥ♫఍⛉Ꮫ◊ ✲ ⛉ ༤ ኈ ๓ ᮇ ㄢ ⛬ 㸦 ᙜ ᫬ 㸧 ࡢ Olga Anosova Ặ ࡟ ኱ ኚ ࠾ ୡ ヰ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ཌ ࡃ ᚚ ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋఱࡽ࠿ࡢㄗࡾࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ඲࡚ⴭ⪅ࡢ㈐௵࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸱  admit ࡜ acknowledge ࡟ 㛵 ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ࠊ௨ ୗ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࠊၥ ࢃ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ⮬ Ⓨ ⓗ࡟ ࿌ ⓑ ࡍ ࡿ ᩥ ⬦ ࡛ ౑ ࢃ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ౛ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸦 ୗ ⥺ ㏣ ຍ 㸧㸸
㸦 Pip ࡢ ᚋ ぢ ே ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ᘚ ㆤ ኈ ࡢ Jaggers ࡣ ࠊ ࠿ ࡘ ࡚ ẅ ே ᐜ ␲ ࡛ ⿢ ุ ࡟ ࠿ ࡅ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ዪᛶ ࡢ ౫ 㢗 ே ࡜ ࠊ ࡑ ࡢ 㞃 ࡋ Ꮚ ࡛ ู ࡢ ዪ ᛶ ࡢ 㣴 ዪ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ፉ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㄒ ࢁ ࠺ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋ㸧“....But now, about this other matter. I’ll put a case to you. Mind! I admit nothing.”(Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations . Penguin Classics: 412f.)
I acknowledged my sin unto thee , and mine iniquity have I not hid. (Psalm 32:
3-5, KJV Open Bible , Thomas Nelson.)㸲  Dancygier and Sweetser (2014: 65ࠊ ヂ ᭩ 90 㡫 )࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ࡜ ࠓ ⛎ ᐦ ࡣ 㞃 ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠔ࡜࠸࠺࣓ࢱࣇ࢓࣮ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㸳  ࡇ ࢀ ࡜ ఝ ࡓ ぢ ᪉ ࡀ Dancygier and Sweetser (2014: 83ࠊ ヂ ᭩ 115 㡫 )࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ࣈ ࣞࣥ ࢹ ࢕ ࣥ ࢢ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ mental detox㸦 ᚰ ࡢ ゎ ẘ 㸧࡞ ࡝ ࡢ ศ ᯒ ࡟ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ༶ ࡕࠕ ᭷ ẘ ࡞ ᡂศࡢ㝖ཤࡀ㌟యࡢ἞⒪࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀࠕ᭷ẘ࡞⪃࠼ࡢ㝖ཤࡀᚰࡢ≧ែࡢᨵၿ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ཧ↷ᩥ⊩
Coleman, L. and P. Kay 1981. “Prototype Semantics: the English Word ‘Lie’.”Language 57(1), 26-44.

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比喩の観点からみた「告白 行為」動詞の通言語的考察

Dancygier, B. and E. Sweetser. 2014. Figurative Language . New York: Cambridge
University Press. 㸦 㔝 ᮧ ┈ ᐶ  ௚ ヂ ࠗࠕ ẚ ႘ ࠖ ࡜ ࡣ ఱ ࠿ ̿ ㄆ ▱ ゝ ㄒ Ꮫ ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ ࢔ ࣉࣟ ࣮ ࢳ ̿ ࠘ 㛤 ᣅ ♫ ࠊ 2021 ᖺ 㸧
Deignan, A. 2005. Metaphor and Corpus Linguistics . Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
㸦 Ώ ㎶ ⚽ ᶞ  ௚ ヂ ࠗ ࢥ ࣮ ࣃ ࢫ ࢆ ά ⏝ ࡋ ࡓ ㄆ ▱ ゝ ㄒ Ꮫ ࠘ ኱ ಟ 㤋 ᭩ ᗑ ࠊ 2010 ᖺ 㸧
Lakoff, G. 1987. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things . Chicago: The University of
Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G. 1993. “The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor.” In Ortony, A. (ed.)

Metaphor and Thought (2nd edition), 202-251. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge
University Press.
Lakoff, G. and M. Johnson. 2003[1980]. Metaphors We Live by . Chicago: The
University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G. and M. Turner. 1989. More than Cool Reason: a Field Guide to Poetic

Metaphor . Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
℩ ᡞ ㈼ ୍ . 2005. ࠗ ࡼ ࡃ ࢃ ࠿ ࡿ ẚ ႘ ࠘ ᮾ ி 㸸 ◊ ✲ ♫ .
Sweetser, E.E. 1990. From Etymology to Pragmatics: Metaphorical and Cultural

Aspects of Semantic Structure . New York: Cambridge University Press.
ᒣ ୰ ಙ ᙪ . 2020.ࠕ ࣉ ࣟ ࢺ ࢱ ࢖ ࣉ ࡟ ᇶ ࡙ ࡃ ࿌ ⓑ ࡢ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ࠖࠗ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ Ꮫ ఍ ➨  ᅇ ኱఍ Ⓨ ⾲ ㄽ ᩥ 㞟 ࠘㸦 ➨  ྕ 㸧ࠊ ཧ⪃㈨ᩱ
Glosbe ㎡ ᭩ https://ja.glosbe.com
ᑠ ✄ ⩏ ⏨  ௚ ⦅ . 1980.ࠗ ◊ ✲ ♫ ᪂ ⱥ ࿴ ኱ ㎡ ඾ 㸦 ➨ 5 ∧ 㸧࠘ ᮾ ி 㸸 ◊ ✲ ♫ .
Open thesaurus.de Synonyme und Assoziationen https://www.openthesaurus.de໭ ி ࣭ ၟ ົ ༳ ᭩ 㤋  ᑠ Ꮫ 㤋  ඹ ྠ ⦅ 㞟 . 2016.ࠗ ୰ ᪥ ㎡ ඾ 㸦 ➨ 3 ∧ 㸧࠘ ᮾ ி 㸸 ᑠ Ꮫ 㤋 .
ᰘ ⏣ Ṋ ࣭ ᒣ ⏣ 㐍 ⦅ . 2002.ࠗ 㢮 ㄒ ኱ ㎡ ඾ ࠘ ᮾ ி 㸸 ㅮ ㄯ ♫ .
Thesaurus.com https://www.thesaurus.com෠ ᒣ ⰾ ṇ  ௚ ⦅ . 1993.ࠗ 㑳 ᩥ ᇽ ⊂ ࿴ ㎡ ඾ 㸦 ➨ ஧ ∧ 㸧࠘ ᮾ ி 㸸 㑳 ᩥ ᇽ .
ᮾ 㒓 ṇ ᘏ ࣭ ᰁ ㇂ ⱱ ࣭ ☾ ㇂ Ꮥ ࣭ ▼ ᒣ ṇ ୕ ⦅ .1988ࠗ ◊ ✲ ♫ 㟢 ࿴ ㎡ ඾ ࠘ ᮾ ி 㸸 ◊ ✲ ♫ .
Ἔ ㇂ ᖾ ฼ ࣭ 㛛 ⬥ ㄔ ୍ ࣭ ᯇ ᑿ ຬ ࣭ 㧗 ᓥ ῄ 㑻 ⦅ . 2018.ࠗ ᑠ Ꮫ 㤋 㡑 ᪥ ㎡ ඾ ࠘ ᮾ ி 㸸 ᑠ Ꮫ 㤋 .

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日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）َஎ‫ٳٳؚ‬ऩযटऊैُ
‫ص‬ভਵपउऐॊঽഞႫં‫ص‬
ࢃຌ ҃
౨༺୉ָ

<Abstract>
This study examines how Japanese speakers describe themselves as X na hito or X suru
hito [I am the kind of person who is/does X] in conversation. This X na/suru hito
construction serves as a platform for self-representation in Goffmanian sociology(Matsuoka, 2021), albeit stigmatized as a sign of a speaker’s arrogance. A quantitative
analysis of approximately 200 hours of conversations shows that the construction is foundacross age groups, used typically by female speakers, and often co-occurring with certain
self-referring expressions and clause-final particles. A qualitative analysis identifies
several interactional patterns preceding and following the construction.

ʴ Ϋ ʖ ϭ ʖ χ ʵʁ ˕ ˕ ͵ ਕ ʀ ࣙ ‫ ހ‬ఆ ࣖ ʀ ೖ ຌ ‫ ޢ‬ೖ ৙ ճ ࿫ α ʖ Ϗ η ʀ ࣙ স ࢼ



ͺͣΌͶ

 ຌ ‫ Ͳ ڂ ݜ‬ѽ ͑ ‫ ݳ‬ে ճ࿫Ͷ͕͏ͱ͍ΖࢂՅं͗ࣙ෾ࣙਐͶͯ͏ͱ‫ޢ‬Ζͳ͘Ͷɼʰ ࢴ ɼ˕ ˕ ͵ ਕ ͫ ͖ Δ ʱʰࣰͺ ˕ ˕ ͤ Ζ ਕ ͵ Ξ ͫ ʱ͹ Γ ͑ Ͷʰ ਕ ʱΝ ༽ ͏ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͗ ͍ Ζ ɽྭ ͓ ͻ ɼʲೖຌ‫ޢ‬ೖ৙ճ࿫αʖϏηʳͲͺҐԾ͹൅࿫͗‫ݡ‬ΔΗΖɽࣆ ྭ ̏  ǘ ƨ Ơ  ; ǿ Ǥ ǯ ^˳ Ꮛ ᫾ Ʊ Ɣ Ʃ Ǌ Ƴ ʴ ŵࣆ ྭ ̐  Ʀ Ǖ ൢ ƴ Ƴ Ƭ ƪ ǌ Ə ʴ . Ƴ ǜ ư ŵ ͑ͪ͢͞‫͏ݶ‬յ͢ͺɼ͢ͻ͢ͻऑंΏঃ੓͵ʹ࿫͢घ͹଒੓ͳ݃;ͯ͜ΔΗͪΕɼ༰ க ͠ Ώ ࣙ ‫ ހ‬஦ ৼ ੓ ͹ ‫ ݳ‬Η ͫ ͳ ൹ ൓ ͠ Η ͪ Ε ͤ Ζ ɽࢾ ͢ Ͷ Yahoo!எ ‫ ܛ‬ୀ Ͳʰ ࢴ ͮ ͱ ˕˕ ͵ ਕ ʱ ͳ ‫ ͤ ࡩ ݗ‬Ζ ͳ ɼʰ ऑ ͏ ͸ ͓ ͬ Ύ Ξ ͗ ͏ ͏ Ή ͤ Γ ͸ ʱɼʰʲ ͍ ͵ ͪ ͺ ࢴ ͳ ͏ ͑ ਕ Νஎ Ζ ΄ ͘ Ͳ ͤ ʳͳ ͏ ͑ ɼၙ ອ Ͳ ಢ વ ద ͵ ൅ ૟ ͗ ࠞ ఊ Ͷ ͍ Ζ ʱ
ʰ ࣙ ৶ ͗ ͵ ͏ ͳ ͘ ɼ͍ Ζ ͏ͺ Ն Ѭ ͏ ෼ ‫ ͱ ͮ ࢧ ͳ ͏ ݶ‬ʱ͵ ʹ ͹ α ϟ ϱ φ ͗ ‫ ݡ‬Δ Η Ζ ɽં ۲ Ϝ ψ ʖ Ν ઈ ͚ ࣰ ༽ ॽ Ͳ ͺ ɼʰࣙ෾Νಧ͘๎͢ͱ͏ΖΓ͑Ͳ͏ͱࣰͺࣙ෾͹͞ͳ͖͗Κ͏͚ͱ࢕๏͗͵͏ψϩεη−154−

「私、○○な人だから」―会話における自己呈示―φ ͵ ͹ Ͳ ͺ ʱ ͳ ඲ ͠ Η ͱ ͏ Ζ ʤ ೖ ຌ ‫ ֺ ۠ ޢ‬෨ 1999: 164-165ʥɽ  ઎ ߨ ‫ ڂ ݜ‬
2001 ೧ Ͷ ช Կ ு ͗ ࣰ ࢬ ͢ ͪ ੊ ࿨ ௒ ࠬ Ͷ Γ Η ͻ ɼ
ʰʲ Κ ͪ ͢ ͮ ͱ ʞ ͵ ਕ ͵ Ξ Ͳ ͤ Γ ʳͳ
͏ ͑ ‫ ͏ ݶ‬๏ Ν ͤ Ζ ͞ ͳ ͗ ͍ Ζ ʱͳ ౶ ͓ ͪ ਕ ͺ 6.2ˍ ͏ ͪ ɽஏ Ү Ͷ Γ Ζ ‫ ݨ‬ஸ ͵ ࠫ ͺ ‫ ݡ‬Δ Η͵͏͗ɼ஋੓ΓΕঃ੓͗Κ͖ͥͶଡ͚ɼΉͪ஋ঃͳ΍Ͷऑ೧૜Ν஦ৼͶർི͗߶͏ͳ
͠ Η Ζ ʤ ช Կ ு ช Կ ෨ ࠅ ‫ ޢ‬՟ 2001ʥɽऀ ճ ָ ͹ ෾ ໼ Ͳ ͺ ɼ ন Ԯ ʤ 2021ʥ ͗ ʰ ࢴ ͮ ͱ ˕ ˕ ͵ ਕ ͫ ͖ Δ ʱ Ͷ ͯ ͏ ͱ ࡠ ྭ Ͷ ‫Ͱ خ‬͘ ߡ ࡱ ͢ ͱ ͏ Ζ ɽ ন Ԯ ʤ 2021ʥ Ͷ Γ Η ͻ ɼ ͞ Η ͺ ࣙ ‫ ހ‬ఆ ࣖ ʤ self-presentation; Goffman
1959, 1981 Ά ͖ ʥ ͳ ‫ ͻ ݼ‬Η Ζ ΀ Ζ Ή ͏ ͹ Ҳ ͯ Ͳ ͍ Ε ɼ ˕ ˕ Ͷ ૮ ౲ ͤ Ζ ༀ ׄ Ν ࣍ ͯ ਕ ؔͳ͢ͱં͢ͱΆ͢͏ͳଠंͶ૎͓Ζһে૤ࡠͳ͠ΗΖɽࣙ ‫ ހ‬ఆ ࣖ ͺ ɼऀ ճ ৼ ཀྵ ָ ͹ ෾ ໼ Ͳ ΍ ‫ ڂ ݜ‬ଲ ে ͳ ͵ ͮ ͱ ͏ Ζ ɽʰଠं͹ࣙ෾ͶଲͤΖ೟
எ͍Ζ͏ͺ඲ՃΝ౹੏ͤΖͪΌͶɼࣙ‫ހ‬Ͷ‫ͤؖ‬Ζ৚ๅΝఽୣ͢Γ͑ͳͤΖқਦΝ൒ͮͪ ߨ ಊ ʱ ͳ ఈ ٝ ͠ Η ʤ ‫ ྜྷ ܂‬1995: 110ʥɼ ࣰ ‫ ݩ‬Ώ ࣯ ໲ ࢶ ௒ ࠬ ͗ ߨ Κ Η ͱ ͏ Ζ ɽʰ˕˕͵ʙͤΖਕʱΝΌ͛ͮͱ੊࿨௒ࠬΏऀճָద͵ߡࡱɼࣙ‫ހ‬ఆࣖͶͯ͏ͱ͹ऀճৼཀྵָద͵ࣰৄ‫͗ڂݜ‬਒΋Ҳ๏Ͳɼࣰࡏ͹αϝϣωίʖεϥϱ͹৖Ͳ୯͗ʹ͹Γ͑Ͷʰ˕˕͵ʙͤΖਕʱͳ൅࿫ͤΖ͹͖ɼճ࿫͹૮घ͗ʹ͹Γ͑ͶԢ౶ͤΖ͹͖Ͷͯ͏ͱͺΉͫ໎Δ͖Ͷ͵ͮͱ͏͵͏ɽͨ͞Ͳຌ‫Ͳڂݜ‬ͺɼ࿫͢घ͗ࣙΔͶͯ͏ͱʰʕʕ͵ʙͤΖਕʱͳफ़΄Ζ΀ΖΉ͏Νࣙ‫ހ‬ఆࣖͳͳΔ͓ɼೖ৙͹ճ࿫Ͷ͕͜ΖࣰସΝ௒ࠬͤ
Ζɽ‫ڂݜ‬՟ୌͺ࣏͹  ఼Ͳ͍Ζɽ‫ڂݜ‬՟ୌ̏ ʰʕʕ͵ʙͤΖਕʱ൅࿫ͺɼ୯ͶΓͮͱʹ͹Γ͑Ͷ͵͠ΗΖ͹͖‫ڂݜ‬՟ୌ̐ ʰʕʕ͵ʙͤΖਕʱ൅࿫ͺɼճ࿫͹ʹ͹Γ͑͵ླྀΗ͹஦Ͳ‫ݳ‬Ηɼʹ͹Γ͑ͶԢ౶͠ΗΖ͹͖ࣁྋͳ๏๑

 ճ ࿫ ࣁ ྋ  ຌ‫Ͳڂݜ‬ͺɼ‫ع‬எ͹ؔณͶΓΖ΢ϱϓΧʖϜϩ͵ճ࿫Νࣁྋͳ͢ͱ༽͏ͪɽජं͗फ ࿧ ͢ ͪ ୉ ָ ਫ਼ ͪ ͬ Ͷ Γ Ζ ࡸ ஌ ʤ 12 ૌ ɼ ༁ 4 ࣎ ؔ ʥ i ͳ ɼʲ ೖ ຌ ‫ ޢ‬ೖ ৙ ճ ࿫ α ʖ Ϗ η ʳͶ फ ࿧ ͠ Η ͪ Պ ଔ Ώ ༓ ਕʀஎ ਕʀಋ ྇ ͵ ʹ ͹ ‫ ܐ ؖ‬Ͷ ͍ Ζ ࿫ ं ͪ ͬ Ͷ Γ Ζ ࡸ ஌ ͳ ༽ ஌ʤ 577
ૌ ɼ ༁ 188 ࣎ ؔ ʥ ii Ͳ ͍ Ζ ɽ ๏ ๑ Ήͥɼճ࿫ࣁྋ͖Δʰ˕˕͵ʙͤΖਕʱ൅࿫͗‫؜‬ΉΗΖΏΕͳΕΝસͱൊ͘ड़͢ɼ

−155−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）൅࿫ंࣙਐΝࢨ͢ͱ͏ΖͳմएͲ͘ΖࣆྭΝபड़ͪ͢ɽ࣏Ͷɼ‫ڂݜ‬՟ୌ 1 Ͷͯ͏ͱྖద ෾ ੵ Ν ߨ ͮ ͪ ɽ෾ ੵ ͹ ؏ ఼ ͺ ɼʰ ˕ ˕ ͵ ʙ ͤ Ζ ਕ ʱ൅ ࿫ ͹ ළ ౕ ɼ൅ ࿫ ं ͹ ଒ ੓ ɼ‫ً ڠ‬
ͤΖ‫͍Ͳࣞܙ‬Ζɽକ͜ͱ‫ڂݜ‬՟ୌ  Ͷͯ͏ͱɼ઎ߨ͕Γ;‫ޛ‬କͤΖΏΕͳΕ͹ϏνʖϱΝ୵Ζ࣯ద෾ੵΝߨͮͪɽ



݃Վ

 ළ ౕ 
ʰ ˕ ˕ ͵ ʙ ͤ Ζ ਕ ʱ൅ ࿫ ͺ ɼ୉ ָ ਫ਼ ؔ ͹ ࡸ ஌ Ͳ ͺ ̓ ࣆ ྭ ɼʲೖຌ‫ޢ‬ೖ৙ճ࿫αʖϏηʳͲ ͺ 14 ࣆ ྭ ‫ ݡ‬Δ Η ͪ ɽ̏ ࣎ ؔ ͍ ͪ Ε ͹ ड़ ‫ ݳ‬ළ ౕ Ͷ ‫ ͤ ࢋ ׷‬Ζ ͳ ɼ઴ ं Ͳ ͺ ༁ 1.3 յ ɼ‫ޛ‬ं Ͳ ͺ ༁ 0.07 յ ͳ ͵ Ζ ɽ൅ ࿫ ͢ ͪ ࣰ ਕ ਼ ͺ ɼ୉ ָ ਫ਼ ࡸ ஌ Ͳ ̒ ਕ ɼʲೖ৙ճ࿫αʖϏηʳͲ ͺ 11 ਕ Ͳ ͍ ͮ ͪ ɽ ઴ ं Ͳ ͺ ̖ ਕ Ͷ ͯ ͘ ̏ ਕ ɼ ‫ Ͳ ं ޛ‬ͺ ༁ 78 ਕ Ͷ ͯ ͘ ̏ ਕ ͗ ɼ ࣙ ਐͶͯ͏ͱʰ˕˕͵ʙͤΖਕʱΝ༽͏ͪ͞ͳͶ͵Ζɽ ൅ ࿫ ं ͹ ଒ ੓ 
3.1 Ͳ ࣖ ͢ ͪ 15 ਕ ͹ ൅ ࿫ ं ͹ ಼ ༃ ͺ ɼঃ ੓ ͗ 12 ਕ ɼ஋ ੓ ͗  ਕ Ͳ ͍ ͮ ͪ ɽͪ ͫ ͢ ɼຌ ‫ ڂ ݜ‬͹ ճ ࿫ ࣁ ྋ Ͳ ͺ ঃ ੓ ࿫ ं ͗ ஋ ੓ ࿫ ं Γ Ε ΍ ଡ ͏ʤ ঃ ੓ 482 ਕ ɼ஋ ੓ 412 ਕ ʥɽͨ͞ Ͳ Fischer ͹ ਜ਼ ֮ ֮ ི ‫ ݗ‬ఈ Ν ߨ ͮ ͪ ͳ ͞ Θ ɼ੓ พ Ͳ ༙ қ ͵ ย Ε ͗ ೟ Ό Δ Η ͪʤ ฤ ଈ ɼ
p=0.03ʥɽঃ ੓ ͹ ๏ ͗ ɼࣙ Δ Ͷ ͯ ͏ ͱʰ ˕ ˕ ͵ ʙ ͤ Ζ ਕ ʱͳ ൅ ࿫ ͤ Ζ ܑ ޴ ͗ ‫͓ ݶ ͳ ͏ ک‬Ζɽ೧ ྺ ૜ Ν ‫ ݡ‬Ζ ͳ ɼ ช Կ ு Ͷ Γ Ζ 2001 ೧ ͹ ੊ ࿨ ௒ ࠬ ݃ Վ ʤ 1.2 ࢂ ল ʥ ͳ ͺ ҡ ͵ Ε ɼ ऑ೧ ૜ ͗ ஦ ৼ ͳ ͺ ‫ ઀ ͏ ݶ‬Η ͵ ͏ ͞ ͳ ͗ ൓ ໎ ͢ ͪ ɽ ൅ ࿫ ं 15 ਕ ͹ ͑ ͬ 10 େ ͗  ਕ ͳ 1/3
Ν ઐ Ό Ζ ΍ ͹ ͹ ɼ20 େ  ਕ ɼ30 େ  ਕ Ͷ ଲ ͢ ͱ ɼ40 େ ͳ 50 େ Ͳ ֦  ਕ ɼ60 େ Ͳ ΍ ਕ͗༽͏ͱ͏ͪɽ
 ‫ ͤ ً ڠ‬Ζ ‫ ࣞ ܙ‬ʰ ˕ ˕ ͵ ʙ ͤ Ζ ਕ ʱ൅ ࿫ સ 19 ࣆ ྭ Ͷ ͯ ͏ ͱ ɼࣙ স ࢼ ͹ ༙ ໃ ͳ झ ྪ Ν ௒ ΄ ͪ ɽͨ ͹ ݃Վɼࣙসࢼ༙Ε͹ࣆྭ͹๏͗ଡ͏͞ͳ͗Κ͖ͮͪɽࣙসࢼ͹झྪͺɼਦ  ͶࣖͤΓ͑ͶϭνεʤΠνεɼΠʖεΝ‫؜‬΋ʥ͗࠹΍ଡ͚‫ݡ‬ΔΗͪɽ࣏Ͷɼ‫͢͠͏ݶ‬ʤ౹‫ޢ‬దͶช͗‫͏͵݃͢׮‬য়ସͲ࿫ं͗ި଺ͤΖʥͳ‫઀͏ݶ‬Εʤ౹‫ޢ‬దͶช͗‫͖ͱ݃͢׮‬Δ࿫ं͗ި଺ͤΖʥͶ್෾͓ͪ͑͢Ͳɼ൅࿫຦Ͷ‫ݳ‬ΗΖන‫ݳ‬Ν௒΄ͪɽͨ͹݃Վɼ‫઀͏ݶ਼͗ྭࣆ͢͠͏ݶ‬Εࣆྭ਼Ν৏յΖ͞ͳɼ‫͢͠͏ݶ‬͹͵͖Ͳ ΍ ξ Ω ϧ ͳ ‫ ͢ ً ڠ‬Ώ ͤ ͏ ͞ ͳ ͗ Κ ͖ ͮ ͪ ʤ ਦ  ࢂ ল ʥɽ−156−

「私、○○な人だから」―会話における自己呈示―ਦ ࣙসࢼ͹༙ໃͳझྪਦ ൅࿫຦͹න‫ݳ‬  ઎ ߨ ͤ Ζ Ώ Ε ͳ Ε ʰʕʕ͵ʙͤΖਕʱ൅࿫͹௜઴͹ΏΕͳΕΝΊΖͳɼճ࿫͹঱఼͗୯Ͷ౲ͪͮͱ͏
Ζ͖ɼΉͪՁΔ͖͹ଲཱིΏଲർ͗‫ݡ‬ΔΗΖ͖ͶΓͮͱ෾ྪͲͪ͘ɽఱ‫ܗ‬దͶͺɼ͍Ζճ࿫ࢂՅं͹੓֪ʀ೵ྙʀ৮‫ʹ͵ۂ‬͹‫ݽ‬ఈద͵଒੓Ώߨಊʀस‫ʹ͵׵‬Ͷ঱఼͗౲ͪͮ
ͪͳ͞ΘͲɼͨ͹ࢂՅं͗ʰ˕˕͵ʙͤΖਕʱͳ൅࿫ͤΖɽಝఈ͹ճ࿫ࢂՅंͶ঱఼͗౲ͪͮͱ͏͵͏৖߻ɼճ࿫ࢂՅंͪͬ͹ؔΉͪͺճ࿫ࢂՅंͳͨΗҐ֐͹ਕ෼ʀॄ஄ͳ͹ؔͲɼᅄ޹Ώक௃͵ʹͶଲཱིΏଲർ͗‫ͱݡ‬खΗͪɽͪͫ͢ɼ໎Δ͖͵ଲཱིΏଲർ͗‫ݡ‬ΔΗ͵͚ͱ΍ɼʰ ʕ ʕ ͵ ʙ ͤ Ζ ਕ ʱ൅ ࿫ ͗ ‫ ݳ‬Η Ζ ͞ ͳ ΍ ͍ ͮ ͪ ɽ෾ ྪ Ν ਦ ̑ Ͷ ΉͳΌɼͨΗͩΗͶଲԢͤΖࣆྭΝࣖͤɽ
ࣆྭ̑
ࣆྭ̒
ࣆྭ̓
ࣆྭ̔

ਦ 

ʰ˕˕͵ʙͤΖਕʱ൅࿫Ͷ઎ߨͤΖΏΕͳΕ͹ྪ‫ܗ‬ࣆྭ̑ʁӿ୫͹৮‫ۂ‬Ͷ঱఼͍͗ͪΖɽӿ୫ͺໃ৮Ͳ͍ΕɼࣙਐͶͯ͏ͱʰ͕࢕ࣆΝ୵͢ ͱ Ζ ਕ ʱ ͳ ઈ ໎ ͤ Ζ ʤʲ ೖ ຌ ‫ ޢ‬ೖ ৙ ճ ࿫ α ʖ Ϗ η ʳ T022_011ʥ
ઉ࣪(R ͳ ͮ ͘ )͠ Ξ ͺ ࠕ Ձ ͢ ͱ Ξ ͹ ?ɽ @IC02ʀ IC03 Ͷ ޴ ͖ ͮ ͱ((̓ ߨ ঴ ྲྀ ))ӿ୫ࠕ ‫ٽ‬৮ंɽ

ઉ࣪(T ͍ )ɽ

ӿ୫( Ƌ Ʒ   Ɠ ˁ ʙ Ǜ ੕ Ơ Ư ǔ ʴ ŵࣆྭ̒ʁ༨ৱͶ࢘ͮͪৱࡒΝΌ͛ͮͱՊଔؔͲଲཱི͗ਫ਼ͣΖɽҲό‫͢ͳ͗͠ٸ‬Ͷ෈ຮΝ ࣖ ͢ ɼ ਫ਼ έ Ϩ ʖ Ϟ Ν ʰ ভ Կ Ͳ ͘ ͵ ͏ ਕ ʱ ͫ ͳ क ௃ ͤ Ζ ʤ ಋ α ʖ Ϗ η T004_001ʥ

−157−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）Ҳό‫ٸ‬ਫ਼ έ Ϩ ʖ Ϟ ͳ ͖ (D Τ )ʹ ͮ ͬ Ύ Ε ೘ Η ͪ Ξ Ͳ ͢ Β ?ɽҲό‫ٸ‬Ͳ ਫ਼έϨʖϞͮͱ

͠ͳ͢

͑Ξɽ

Ҳό‫ٸ‬

Ƌ ƨ Ơ 9 Ȣ ^ǋ Ə Ƣ Ɲ ƍ ෞ ҄ μ ໱ ư Ɩ Ƴ ƍ ʴ Ƴ Ʒ ŵ((̑ ߨ ঴ ྲྀ ))ࣆྭ̓ʁ໊͹ੋࡌ͗ชԿࡉ६ඍ͹෈ຮΝ฾Ͷ‫ޢ‬ΖɽࣙਐΝଠ͹ָਫ਼ͪͬͳଲർͦ͠ɼ‫ ڧ ۦ‬Ͷ ͍ ͮ ͱ ʰ Φ ϋ ϩ ά ʖ Ν ͽ ͪ ͤ Δ ೫ Ώ ͤ ਕ ʱ ͳ স ͤ Ζ ʤ ಋ α ʖ Ϗ η T024_007ʥੋࡌ΍ ͑ (R ૓ ൅ ୉ )͹ ช Կ ࡉ ͳ ͖ ͻ ͖ Δ ͢ ͚ (U ͱ )ߨ ͮ ͱ Δ Ξ (U ͸ ͓ )Γ ɽ((̔ ߨ ঴ ྲྀ ))ੋࡌ

9 Ǣ ȸ Ƿ ^Ƌ ƨ Ơ Ƹ ƶ ((̐ ߨ ঴ ྲྀ ))ੋࡌ. Ǆ Ɣ Ʒ ʴ ƕ ƶ 

ΊʹΕ

͑Ξɽ

ੋࡌ

ख़ၠǛǏƏǑƏƳཞඞưƶ

ΊʹΕ

͑Ξɽ

ੋࡌ

( Ʀ Ʒ   Ɣ ǘ ƍ Ʀ Ə Ƴ Ʒ ƴ ᪴ ࢌ Ƭ Ư ǔ ǘ ƨ Ơ Ƭ Ư Ǐ Ə Ʒ ư ੋࡌǨ ȍ ȫ Ǯ ȸ Ǜ ƻ ƨ Ƣ ǒ ༓ Ǎ Ƣ ʴ Ʃ Ɣ ǒ ŵࣆྭ̔ʁಋ྇ʹ͑͢Ͳठ͹޹ΊΝ‫ޢ‬Ε߻ͮͱ͕ΕଲཱིΏଲർͺ‫ݡ‬ΔΗ͵͏͗ɼྲࢢ͗ࣙ ෾ ͺ ͖ ͯ ͱ ൅ ๒ ठ Νʰ ͍ Ή Ε ഛ Κ ͵ ͏ ਕ ͫ ͮ ͪ ʱͳ ΀ Ε ͖ ͓ Ζʤ ಋ α ʖ Ϗ η C001_013ʥ
୤౤Φ ο β ϑ ʖ ϩ ͤ ͟ ͚ Γ ͖ ͮ ͪ ͵ :ɽྲࢢƋƨƠǋƳǜƔƶ ႆණᣒƸ

୤౤

͑Ξɽ

ྲࢢ

ƋǜǇǓᝰǘƳƍʴƩƬƨƷŵ  ‫ ޛ‬କ ͤ Ζ Ώ Ε ͳ Ε ʰ˕˕͵ʙͤΖਕʱ൅࿫Ͷକ͚ଠ͹ճ࿫ࢂՅं͹ण͓ͪ͜͞Ν‫ݡ‬Ζͳɼ˕˕Ͷ‫؜‬ΉΗ Ζ ಼ ༲ Ν ճ ࿫ ͹ ࣁ ‫ ͱ ͢ ͳ ݱ‬ཤ ༽ ͤ Ζ ͖ ൳ ͖ Ͷ Γ ͮ ͱ ୉ พ Ͳ ͘ ͪ ɽਦ ̒ Ͷ ࣖ ͤ Γ ͑ Ͷ ɼཤ༽͢͵͏৖߻ͺ̐ͯɼཤ༽ͤΖ৖߻ͺ̒ͯ͹Ϗνʖϱ͗‫ݡ‬ΔΗͪɽ

ࣆྭ 
ࣆྭ 
ࣆྭ 
ࣆ ྭ ࣆ ྭ ਦ ʰ˕˕͵ʙͤΖਕʱ൅࿫Ͷ‫ޛ‬କͤΖΏΕͳΕ͹ྪ‫ܗ‬−158−

「私、○○な人だから」―会話における自己呈示―ࣆ ྭ 7ʁ ඔ Մ ͗ TV ൬ ૌ Ν ʰ ͻ Ξ ͻ Ξ ‫ ͱ ݡ‬Ζ ਕ ͫ ͖ Δ ʱ ͳ फ़ ΄ Ζ ͳ ɼ ਭ ໼ ͳ ᴶ ͺ ঺ ͏ʤ Lʥ Ͳ ൕ Ԣ ͢ ɼ ͍ ͏ Ͱ ͬ ʰ ΀ ʖ Ξ ʱɼ ‫ ܃‬Ε ศ ͢ ʰ ್ ࣎ ؔ ʱ Ͳ ৚ ๅ ͹ ण ͜ ख Ε Ν ߻ ਦ ͤ
Ζ ΍ ͹ ͹ ɼ ඔ Մ ͹ ൅ ࿫ ಼ ༲ Ν ͠ Δ Ͷ ۹ Ε Ծ ͝ ͺ ͢ ͵ ͏ ʤ ಋ α ʖ Ϗ η C002_006cʥ
ඔՄʚ ଺ ᧓ ǵ ǹ Ț ȳ ǹ Ʊ Ɣ  Ɯ Ə  ƹ ǜ ƹ ǜ ᙸ Ư ǔ ʴ Ʃ 7 Ɣ ǒ ŵ 

ਭ໼

/ 

ཆ

΀ʖΞɽ

ਭ໼

8 ್ ࣎ ؔ ɽ ඔՄ΍͑୉޹͘͵͹ɽࣆྭ̖ʁରүࣰٗ͹ϓρφγϩ͗࿫ୌͳ͵ͮͱ͕Εɼௗ୫͗ʰઊଲಊ͖͵͏ਕʱͫΘ͑ͳࣙẏͤΖͳɼ੤஦͗ʰͥͮͳཱིͮͱΖਕͲ͢Βʱͳಋ௒ͤΖʤ୉ָਫ਼ؔ͹ࡸ஌ʥ੤஦ϓρφγϩɼखͮͱͪɽ

‫ڰ‬Ծ͏͏͵ʖɽ

ௗ୫͑ΞɼӕƬƯǋŴᅶŴዌ‫ݣ‬ѣƔƳƍʴƩƱ࣬Ə੤஦β ʖ ϩ ࿮ Ͷ ͥ ͮ ͳ ཱི ͮ ͱ Ζ ਕ Ͳ ͢ Β ʤ ঺ ʥɽ ࣆྭ̗ʁౣ͗௉ͺʰ͙Ε͙ΕΉͲ৺ͪ͏ਕʱͳफ़΄Ζͳɼࠪీً͗জ͖Δड़൅ΉͲΝ‫ͤࢋٱ‬Ζ࣯໲Ν॑͸ɼ৆ࡋԿΝଇͤʤ୉ָਫ਼ؔ͹ࡸ஌ʥౣƑŴƏƪŴ଺᧓ƳǒƗǓƗǓǇư‫ݏ‬ƨƍŴ‫ݏ‬ƨƍʴƩƔǒŵࠪీ͓ɼଶͮͱɼଶͮͱɽͣΎɼՁ࣎Ͷड़Ζ͹ʃ͏ͯ΍  ‫ݸ‬͹ͳ͘ɽࣆ ྭ 10ʁʰ ૬ ͏ ࣆ ɼ‫ ͵ ͏ ݑ‬ਕ ͫ ͜ ʹ ͸ ʱͳ ͏ ͑ ԁ ͹ ࣙ ‫ ހ‬඲ Ճ Ͷ ଲ ͢ ɼ৏ ‫ ރ‬ͺʰ ͑ Ξ ʱͶକ ͜ ͱ Ōԁ ͗ ଠ ਕ Ν ළ ൡ Ͷ അ ͮ ͱ ͏ Ζ ͳ ൕ ࿨ ͤ Ζ ʤ ୉ ָ ਫ਼ ؔ ͹ ࡸ ஌ ʥԁʗƍʙŴ‫ۯ‬ƍƳʴƩƚƲƶŴᅶƶɽ

ԗࢃ

঺

৏‫ރ‬

͑Ξ


͑Ξ Ͳ΍ɼΓ͚ɼͲ΍ɼ͘ɼԜ͏‫ݶ‬ཁɼ࢘ͮͱΞͣΎΞɽࣆ ྭ 11ʁϑ ϱ β ୉ ճ ͹ ݃ Վ Ͷ ͯ ͏ ͱ ‫ ٹ‬ֈ ͗ʰ સ ષ ౲ ͪ Δ ͵ ͖ ͮ ͪ ਕ ʱͳ फ़ ΄ Ζ ͳ ɼࠦ஝ ͗ ʰ ͍ ͪ ͢ ࣙ ਐ ΍ ʱ ͳ ࣙ ෾ ͹ ର ‫ ݩ‬Ν ‫ ޢ‬Ε ࢟ Ό Γ ͑ ͳ ͤ Ζ ʤ ಋ α ʖ Ϗ η T011_007ʥ‫ٹ‬ֈ͵ Ξ ͱ : Ϥ eΑ ͑ Ξ ͫ ͮ ͜  Ϩ ʖ ο Ͷ ͵ ͮ ͪ ͹ Ͷ 

ࠦ஝

͑Ξɽ

‫ٹ‬ֈ

μ໱࢘ƨǒƳƔƬƨʴƩƬƨƷŵ

࡛೭

/ 

ࠦ஝

͍ͮɽ

ࠦ஝

͍ ͪ ͢  ͍ ͪ ͢ ‫ٹ‬ֈ

எ Δ ͵ ͏ ?ɽ((̕ ߨ ঴ ྲྀ ))ࠦ஝Ͳ ΍  ͍ ͪ ͢ ࣙ ਐ ΍ ͤ ͟ ͚ ౲ ͪ Δ ͵ ͖ ͮ ‫ٹ‬ֈ͵Ξ͖ͫɽ

−159−

日本語用論学会



第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ΉͳΌຌ‫Ͳڂݜ‬ͺɼೖ৙͹ճ࿫Ͷ͕͏ͱࢂՅं͗ࣙ෾ࣙਐͶͯ͏ͱफ़΄ΖࡏͶʰਕʱΝ༽͏ Ζ ‫ ݳ‬ে Ͷ ஥ ໪ ͢ ɼ‫ ڂ ݜ‬՟ ୌ ̏ ɿ
ʰ ʕ ʕ ͵ ʙ ͤ Ζ ਕ ʱ൅ ࿫ ͗ ୯ Ͷ Γ ͮ ͱ ʹ ͹ Γ ͑ Ͷ ͵ ͠Η Ζ ͹ ͖ ɼɿճ ࿫ ͹ ʹ ͹ Γ ͑ ͵ ླྀ Η ͹ ஦ Ͳ ‫ ݳ‬Η ɼʹ ͹ Γ ͑ Ͷ Ԣ ౶ ͠ Η Ζ ͹ ͖ Ͷ ͯ ͏ ͱ୵ ͮ ͪ ɽ ͹ ݃ Վ ͳ ͢ ͱ ɼ
ʰ ʕ ʕ ͵ ʙ ͤ Ζ ਕ ʱ൅ ࿫ ͹ ड़ ‫ ݳ‬ළ ౕ ͺ ߶ ͚ ͺ ͵ ͚ ɼ൅ ࿫ ं ͺঃ੓͗ଡ͏͗ऑ೧૜Ͷஸ͚͢ยͮͱ͏ΖΚ͜Ͳͺ͵͏͞ͳ͗໎Δ͖Ͷ͵ͮͪɽΉͪɼࣙসࢼʤྭɿϭνεʥΝ൒͑ͳͳ΍Ͷɼ൅࿫຦ͶͺξΩϧ͗‫ݳ‬ΗΏ͚ͤͨ͹Ғ஖Ͳ࿫ं͗ި଺ͤΖܑ޴͗‫ݡ‬ΔΗͪɽ ͹݃Վͳ͢ͱɼ͍Ζճ࿫ࢂՅंͶ঱఼͗౲ͪͮͪΕଲཱིΏଲർ͗‫ࡑݨ‬Կͪ͢ΕͤΖͳʰɼ ʕ ʕ ͵ ʙ ͤ Ζ ਕ ʱ൅ ࿫ ͗ ‫ ݳ‬Η Ζ ͞ ͳ ͗ ࣖ ࠨ ͠ Η ͪ ɽʰʕʕ͵ʙͤΖਕʱ൅࿫͗͵͠ΗΖͳɼଠ͹ճ࿫ࢂՅं͗ͨ͹৚ๅΝճ࿫͹ࣁ‫͢ͳݱ‬
ͱཤ༽ͤΖ৖߻΍͍Ηͻɼण͜ླྀͤ৖߻΍͍Ζͳ֮೟͠Ηͪɽճ࿫͹ࣁ‫ͱ͢ͳݱ‬ཤ༽ͤΖΏΕ͖ͪͳ͢ͱɼಋ௒Ώൕ࿨͵ʹ  ௪Ε͗‫ݡ‬ΔΗͪɽຌ‫ͪ͏༽Ͳڂݜ‬ճ࿫ࣁྋ͹஦Ͷͺɼ
ʰν΢ϕʱ
ʰ‫ܧ‬ʱ
ʰ ഁ ʱͶ Γ ͮ ͱ ࣙ ਐ Ͷ ͯ ͏ ͱ ‫ ޢ‬Ζࣆ ྭ ΍ ‫ ݡ‬Δ Η ͪʤ ྭ ɿƏ ƪ Ŵኽ ನ ŴƋ Ʒ Ŵƍ ŴƋ ǜ Ǉ Ǥ ȩ Ǥ ȩ Ơ Ƴ ƍ ǿ Ǥ ȗ Ɣ Ƴ Ʊ ࣬ Ƭ ƨǓ ʥɽࠕ ‫ ޛ‬ͺ ɼʰ ਕ ʱͶ ྪ ࣇ ͢ ͪ Ω τ β Ϩ ʖ Կ න ‫ ݳ‬΍ ଲ ে Ͷ ‫ ؜‬Ό ௒ ࠬ Ν ߨ ͏ ͪ ͏ ɽΉ ͪ ɼຌ‫Ͳڂݜ‬ͺʰ˕˕͵ʙͤΖਕʱ൅࿫ͶࢺΖգఖͳ൅࿫௜‫ޛ‬͹ճ࿫͹ఴ֋Ͷͯ͏ͱྪ‫ܗ‬Կ Ν ࢾ Ί ͪ ͗ ɼ‫ ݺ‬ʓ ͹ ࣆ ྭ Ͷ ͯ ͏ ͱ Γ Ε ৆ ࡋ ͵ ‫ ى‬फ़ ɼ‫ ݗ‬౾ Ν Յ ͓ ͪ ͏ ɽ
ʰ ਕ ʱ͕ Γ ; ͨ͹ྪࣇන‫ݳ‬Ν༽͏ͪࣙ‫ހ‬ఆࣖ͹༹ࢢΝϝέϫϪϗϩͲଌ͓ΖͶ͍ͪͮͱͺɼ੔ҽΩτβ Ϩ ʖ Կ ૹ ஖ ʤ Sacks 1972a, bʥ Ώ η Ϡ ʖ ϩ ʀ η φ ʖ Ϩ ʖ ͳ ϛ ζ ε ϥ ω ϱ ή ʤ Bamberg
2004 Ά ͖ ɼ ਉ 2017ʥ ͹ ࿰ ૌ Ί ͗ ༙ ް Ͳ ͺ ͵ ͏ ͖ ͳ ߡ ͓ ͱ ͏ Ζ ɽः ࣛ  ೖ ຌ ‫ ༽ ޢ‬࿨ ָ ճ ୊ 25 յ ୉ ճ Ͷ ͱ α ϟ ϱ φ Ν ͚ ͫ ͠ ͮ ͪ ๏ ʓ Ͷ ͕ ླ Ν ਅ ͢ ৏ ͝Ή ͤ ɽ ຌ ‫ ڂ ݜ‬ͺ JSPS Ռ ‫ ݜ‬ඇ JP21K00658 ͹ ঁ ੔ Ν ण ͜ ͱ ͏ Ή ͤ ɽ஭i̐ ं ؔ ճ ࿫ ̒ ૌ ͳ ̑ ं ؔ ճ ࿫ ̖ ૌ ɼ ճ ࿫ ͹ ௗ ͠ ͺ ฑ ‫ ͱ ͢ ۋ‬༁ 20 ෾ ؔ ʙ ૌ Ͳ ͍ Ζ ɽii࿫ ं ͺ ͹ ΄ 862 ਕʤ ಼ ༃ʁ஋ 412 ঃ 450ʥɼ0-4 ࡂ ͖ Δ 95-99 ࡂ Ή Ͳ ͹ ೧ ྺ ૜ ͗ ‫ ؜‬Ή Η Ζ ɽ ं ؔ ճ ࿫ 280 ૌ ɼ  ं ؔ ճ ࿫ 111 ૌ ɼ  ं ؔ ճ ࿫ 92 ૌ ɼ  ं ؔ Ґ ৏ ͹ ճ ࿫ 94 ૌ Ν ‫ ؜‬Ί ɼճ ࿫ ͹ ௗ ͠ ͺ ฑ ‫ ۋ‬༁ 20 ෾ ؔ ʙ ૌ Ͳ ͍ Ζ ʤ ࠅ ཱི ࠅ ‫ ॶ ڂ ݜ ޢ‬ʰ ೖ ৙ ճ ࿫ α ʖ Ϗ η ʱ ϕ ϫ ζ Υ
έ φ 2022ɼ ӕ ీ Δ 2018ʥɽ

ࢂলช‫ݛ‬Bamberg, M. 2004. “Narrative Discourse and Identities.” In Meister, J. C., T. Kindt, W.

−160−

「私、○○な人だから」―会話における自己呈示―

Schernus and M. Stein (eds.) Narratology beyond Literary Criticism, 213-237. Berlinand New York: Walter de Gruyter.
ช Կ ு ช Կ ෨ ࠅ ‫ ޢ‬՟ . 2001.ʲ ฑ ੔ 12 ೧ ౕ ࠅ ‫ ޢ‬Ͷ ‫ ͤ ؖ‬Ζ ੊ ࿨ ௒ ࠬ ʳʤ https://www.bunk
a.go.jp/tokei_hakusho_shuppan/tokeichosa/kokugo_yoronchosa/pdf/92701201_19.pdfʥ
Goffman, E. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Anchor.
Goffman, E. 1981. Forms of Talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
ਉ ͖ ͕ Ε . 2017. ʰ η Ϡ ʖ ϩ ʀ η φ ʖ Ϩ ʖ ʱɼ ྵ ໨ ྆ ࢢ Ά ͖ ʤ ฦ ʥʲ ࿫ ͢ ͞ ͳ ͻ ΃ ͹ Π
ϕ ϫ ʖ ο ʳɼ 249-252ɼ ౨ ‫ ښ‬ʁ ͽ ͯ ͣ ॽ ๬ .
ࠅ ཱི ࠅ ‫ ॶ ڂ ݜ ޢ‬ʰ ೖ ৙ ճ ࿫ α ʖ Ϗ η ʱ ϕ ϫ ζ Υ έ φ . 2022.ʲ ೖ ຌ ‫ ޢ‬ೖ ৙ ճ ࿫ α ʖ Ϗ η༙ঊ൝ʳ౨‫ښ‬ʁ୉ָ‫ڠ‬ಋཤ༽‫ؖؽ‬๑ਕਕؔชԿ‫ߑؽڂݜ‬.
‫ ڣ ࠂ ྜྷ ܂‬. 1995. ʰ ࣙ ‫ ހ‬ఆ ࣖ ʁ ༽ ‫ ޢ‬͹ ۢ พ ͳ ෾ ྪ ʱɼʲ ໌ ‫ ݻ‬Բ ୉ ል ‫ گ‬ү ል ෨ ‫ ن‬གྷ ‫ گ‬үৼ ཀྵ ָ Ռ ʳ 42ɼ 107-114.
ন Ԯ ஒ ช . 2021. ʰ Π ʖ ϲ Ρ ϱ ή ʀ β ϓ Ϝ ϱ ͹ ऀ ճ ָ ʗ ͍ Ε ΀ Η ͪ ʲ α ϝ ϣ ω ί ʖ ε
ϥ ϱ ʳ Ν ߡ ͓ Ζ ʗ ʱɼʲ Cute.Guidesʳʤ https://guides.lib.kyushu-u.ac.jp/goffmanʥ .
ೖ ຌ ‫ ֺ ۠ ޢ‬෨ . 1999. ʲ ͨ Ξ ͵ ʰ ‫ ݶ‬ཁ Ͱ ͖ ͏ ʱ Ͳ ͺ ஑ Ν ͖ ͚ 2ʗ ೖ ຌ ‫ ޢ‬ɼ ਜ਼ ͢ ͏ ͯ ΍Ε͗ؔҩ͏ͫΔ͜ʗʳ౨‫ښ‬ʁՑड़ॽ๬৿ऀ.
Sacks, H. 1972a. “An Initial Investigation of the Usability of Conversational Data for
Doing Sociology.” In D. Sudnow (ed.) Studies in Social Interaction, 31-73. New York:The Free Press.
Sacks, H. 1972b. “On the Analyzability of Stories by Children.” In Gumperz, J., and D.
Hymes (eds.) Directions in Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication, 325345. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
ӕ ీ ଻ ೙ ʀ ઔ ୼ ྒྷ ࢢ ʀ ੤ ઔ ‫ ࠺ ݣ‬ʀ ੶ ຌ ༠ Ҳ ʀ ঘ ұ ՘ ֈ . 2018.ʰʲ ೖ ຌ ‫ ޢ‬ೖ ৙ ճ ࿫
α ʖ Ϗ η ʳ Ͷ ͕ ͜ Ζ ఺ ‫ ى‬͹ ‫ خ‬६ ͳ ࡠ ੔ घ ๑ ʱɼʲ ࠅ ཱི ࠅ ‫ ॶ ڂ ݜ ޢ‬࿨ ॄ ʳ 15ɼ 177193.
Yahoo!எ ‫ ܛ‬ୀ ʤ https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q12199124647?sor
t=1&page=1ʥɼʤ https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q13357683ʥ .

−161−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）୰ ᅜ ㄒ Ā 㔉 ā ࡢ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ᶵ ⬟ 1᳿ୡἑி㒔኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔<Abstract> Through comparisons with the words bƗng, wèi, and xiàng, this paper aims to
explore the usage restrictions and pragmatic functions of gČi in Chinese to shed light on the
pragmatic aspect of construal, a concept in cognitive linguistics. The results indicate that gČi
is often used in private situations and inti mate relationships. From this, two pragmaticfunctions are adduced: showing an intimate relationship with the hearer and shortening the
speaker ’s personal distance from the hearer. This paper further suggests that the concept of
construal is not simply concerned with how the speaker construes an event, but that the aspectof the speech situation should also be taken into consideration.

࠙ ࢟ ࣮ ࣡ ࣮ ࢻ ࠚ㸸 㔉 ࣭ ౑ ⏝ ไ 㝈 ࣭ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ᶵ ⬟ ࣭ ᤊ ࠼ ᪉  1㸬 ࡣ ࡌ ࡵ ࡟ ୰ ᅜ ㄒ ࡢ ᤵ ཷ ⾲ ⌧ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠊĀ 㔉 ā (give)澳 ࡀ ࠶ ࡆ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋĀ 㔉 ā ࡣ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ᶵ ⬟ ࡟ ࡘ࠸ ࡚ 㛗 ᮇ ࡟ ࢃ ࡓ ࡗ ࡚ ㆟ ㄽ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ᮏ ✏ ࡣ ཷ ᐜ ⪅ ࢆ ஧ ே ⛠ ࡟ ⤠ ࡾ ࠊ Ā ᑞ ā (help)ࠊ
Ā Ѫ ā (for)ࠊ Ā ੁ ā (to) ࡟ ⨨ ࡁ ᥮ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ᩥ ࢆ ศ ᯒ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠊ Ā 㔉 ā ࡢ ౑ ⏝ ไ 㝈 ཬࡧ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ᶵ ⬟ ࢆ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡋ ࠊㄆ ▱ ゝ ㄒ Ꮫ ࡛ ᥦ ၐ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿࠕ ᤊ ࠼ ᪉ (construal) ࠖࡢ ㄒ ⏝ㄽ ⓗ ഃ 㠃 ࢆ ⪃ ᐹ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ ࢆ ┠ ⓗ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 2ࠋᮏ✏ࡣ඲ 4 ⠇࠿ࡽ࡞ࡾࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᵓᡂ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋḟࡢ➨ 2 ⠇࡛ࡣࠊඛ⾜◊✲ࢆᴫほࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊၥ㢟Ⅼ࡜ᮏ✏ࡢ఩⨨࡙ࡅࢆ♧ࡍࠋ➨ 3 ⠇࡛ࡣࠊĀ㔉āࡢ౑⏝ไ㝈ཬࡧㄒ⏝ㄽⓗᶵ⬟ࢆ᳨ウࡋࠊࠕ ᤊ ࠼ ᪉ ࠖࡢ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ഃ 㠃 ࢆ ㄽ ࡌ ࡿ ࠋ᭱ ᚋ ࡟ ࠊ➨ 4 ⠇ ࡛ࡣ඲యࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࠊ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ
2㸬 ඛ ⾜ ◊ ✲ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ୰ᅜㄒࡢĀ㔉ā࡟ࡣ᪥ᮏㄒᤵཷືモࡢࡼ࠺࡞┠ୖ࣭┠ୗ࡜࠸࠺ ே 㛫 㛵 ಀ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ไ 㝈 ࡀ ࡞ ࠸ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ౛ ࢆ ぢ ࡚ ࡳ ࡼ ࠺ 3ࠋ−162−

中国語“给”の語用論的機能(1)a. 㘱 ᐸ ˈ ᡁ 㔉 ᛘ ᤯ ੗ Ǆ 
b. ? ඛ ⏕ ࠊ ⚾ ࡀ ᣢ ࡗ ࡚ ࠶ ࡆ ࡲ ࡋ ࡻ ࠺ ࠿ ࠋཎ ᩥ ࡣ (17)ࠊ (18b)ࠊ ᳿ 2009: 4

᳿ 㸦 2009: 4㸧 ࡣ ᤵ ཷ ⾲ ⌧ ࡀ ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ (1b) ࡣ ࠕ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ᮲ ௳ ࡟ ᢬ ゐ ࡍ ࡿ ࠖ ࡜ ㏙ ࡭࡚࠾ࡾࠊㄒ⏝ㄽⓗ᮲௳ࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(2)᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࡛ ࡣࠕ ┠ ୖ ࡢ ே ࠖࡲ ࡓ ࡣ ᩗ ព ࢆ ᡶ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࡭ ࡁ ே ≀ ࡀ ┦ ᡭ ࡢ ሙ ྜ ࠊࡑ ࡢ ே࡬ ࡢ ᜠ ᜨ ᤵ ୚ ࢆ ᫂ ♧ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ኻ ♩ ࡞ ゝ ࠸ ᪉ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࡋ ࡲ ࠺ ࠋ㸦 ୰ ␎ 㸧 ㏫ ࡟ ࠊ ཷ ┈ᶆ ㆑ ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ࠊᜠ ╔ ࡏ ࡀ ࡲ ࡋ ࠸ ࢽ ࣗ ࢔ ࣥ ࢫ ࡀ ฟ ࡚ ࡋ ࡲ ࠸ ࠊሙ ྜ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࡣ ࠿࠼ ࡗ ࡚ ୙ ⮬ ↛ ࡞ ⾲ ⌧ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ ሙ ྜ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ㸦 ᳿ 2009: 4-5㸧୰ ᅜ ㄒ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊĀ 㔉 ā ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ (1a) ࡣࠕ ࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ྵ ព ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ ࠊĀ 㔉 ā ࡣ ༢ ࡞ࡿ ୚ ᱁ ྡ モ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡢ ཷ ┈ ⪅ ࢆ ᑟ ධ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡟ ࡍ ࡂ ࡞ ࠸ ࠖ ࡜ ㏙ ࡭ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸦 ᳿ 2009: 5㸧ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ᪥ᮏㄒࡢࢸ࢔ࢤࣝࡣᢲࡋ௜ࡅࡀࡲࡋ࠸ࢽࣗ࢔ࣥࢫࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⪺ࡁᡭࡀ┠ୖࡢே࡛ࠊ࠿ࡘཷ┈⪅࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࠊࢸ࢔ࢤࣝࡢ౑⏝ࢆ᥍࠼ࡓ᪉ࡀࡼࡃࠊ୍᪉ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ
ࡢĀ㔉āࡣ༢࡟ཷ┈⪅ࢆᑟࡃᶵ⬟ࢆᯝࡓࡋࠊ⪺ࡁᡭࡢ㌟ศࢆၥࢃࡎࠊㄡ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ౑
࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡓࡔࡋࠊĀ㔉āࢆ⏝࠸ࡿᩥࡀᮏᙜ࡟ㄡ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ౑࠼ࡿ ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊពぢࡀศ࠿ࢀ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋỌ Ụ㸦 2005㸧ࡣ ⾜ Ⅽ ⪅ ࡀ ࡝ ࡢ ≧ ἣ ࡛ ᡭ ࢆ ㈚ ࡍ ࠿ ࡟ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࠊࠕ┦ᡭࡀ⾜Ⅽࢆࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿ ≧ ἣ ࠖࠊࠕ ┦ ᡭ ࡀ ᡭ ຓ ࡅ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡿ ≧ ἣ ࠖࠊࠕ ┦ ᡭ ࡟ ᡭ ຓ ࡅ ࢆ ồ ࡵ ࡽ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ ≧ ἣ ࠖ ࡜ ࡢ
3 ࡘ ࡟ ศ ࡅ ࠊĀ ᑞ ā ࡜ Ā 㔉 ā ࡢ ඹ ㏻ Ⅼ ࡜ ᕪ ␗ ࢆ ⪃ ᐹ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋࠕ┦ᡭࡀ⾜Ⅽࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
≧ἣࠖ࡜ࠕ┦ᡭࡀᡭຓࡅࢆồࡵࡿ≧ἣ࡛ࠖࡣࠊĀ㔉āࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡣᜠ╔ࡏࡀࡲࡋ࠸ࢽࣗ
࢔ࣥࢫࡀ࠶ࡾࠊኻ♩࡜࡞ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

(3)a. ૾ ˈ ሩ н 䎧 Ǆ ᡁ 㔉 ֐ ᤯ ੗ Ǆb. ૾ ˈ ሩ н 䎧 Ǆ ᡁ ᑞ ֐ ᤯ ੗ Ǆ㸦 ཎ ᩥ ࡣ (19A)ࠊ (19’)ࠊ Ọ Ụ 2005: 116-115㸧

(3) ࡣ ┦ ᡭ ࡀ ࠕ ࠿ ࡤ ࢇ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ ࠖ ⾜ Ⅽ ࢆ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ≧ ἣ ࡛ ࠊ ヰ ࡋ ᡭ ࡀ ᡭ ຓ ࡅ ࢆ ࡍ ࡿ ᩥ ࡛ ࠶ࡿ ࠋ Ọ Ụ 㸦 2005: 115㸧 ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ࡜ ࠊ (3a) ࡣࠕ ࡓ ࡃ ࡉ ࢇ ࡢ Ⲵ ≀ ࢆ ᢪ ࠼ ࡚ ᅄ ⱞ ඵ ⱞ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᐙ᪘ࡸ௰ࡢⰋ࠸཭㐩ྠኈ࡛ࡣ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊึᑐ㠃ࡢே࡟⏝࠸ࡿ ࡢࡣࠗ࠶−163−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）࡞ ࡓ ࡣ ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࠸ ࡔ ࢁ ࠺ ࠿ ࡽ ࡋ ࡚ ࡸ ࡿ ࡼ ࠘࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ࢽ ࣗ ࢔ ࣥ ࢫ ࡟ ⪺ ࡇ ࠼ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ኻ ♩ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ ௨ ୖ ࠊ Ā 㔉 ā ࡢ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ᶵ ⬟ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ඛ ⾜ ◊ ✲ ࢆ ᴫ ほ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ᮏ ✏ ࡣ Ọ Ụ 㸦 2005㸧 ࡢ⤖ ㄽ ࢆ ᨭ ᣢ ࡋ ࠊĀ 㔉 ā ࡟ ࡣ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ౑ ⏝ ไ 㝈 ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ୺ ᙇ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋࡓ ࡔ ࡋ ࠊỌ Ụ㸦 2005㸧࡟ ࡣ ࡲ ࡔ ᳨ ウ ࡢ వ ᆅ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ᛮ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ ࡲ ࡎ ࠊ Ọ Ụ 㸦 2005㸧 ࡣ Ā 㔉 ā ࡜ Ā ᑞ ā ࢆ ୰ ᚰ࡟⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᤵ୚ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿĀ㔉āࡣĀᑞāࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊĀѪāࠊĀੁā࡟ࡶ⨨᥮࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊĀ㔉āࡢㄒ⏝ㄽⓗไ㝈ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿሙྜࠊĀᑞāࡢ౛ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ ࡃ ࠊĀ Ѫ ā ࠊĀ ੁ ā ࡢ ౛ ࡶ ど 㔝 ࡟ ධ ࢀ ࡿ ࡭ ࡁ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 4 ࠋࡲ ࡓ ࠊỌ Ụ㸦 2005㸧ࡣ ᡭ ຓ ࡅࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⮬↛࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽĀ㔉āࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ➹⪅ࡢㄒឤ࡛ࡣࠊ
Ā㔉āࡢ౑⏝ࡣࠊⓎヰሙ㠃࡞࡝࡜ࡶ㛵ࢃࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊぶࡋ࠸㛫᯶࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ ࠊ఍ ㆟ ࡞ ࡝ ᨵ ࡲ ࡗ ࡓ ሙ 㠃 ࡟ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ ࠊ(3a) ࡣ ౑ ࢃ ࢀ ࡟ ࡃ ࠸ ࠋࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࠊᮏ ✏ ࡣ Ā ᑞ ā ࠊĀѪāࠊĀੁāࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊே㛫㛵ಀ࡜Ⓨヰሙ㠃࡜࠸࠺ 2 ࡘࡢഃ㠃࠿ࡽࠊĀ㔉āࡢㄒ⏝ㄽⓗไ㝈ཬࡧᶵ⬟ࢆ᥈ࡿࠋ3㸬 ⪃ ᐹ  ᮏ ⠇ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊĀ 㔉 ā ࡢ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ไ 㝈 ࢆ ᥈ ࡾ㸦 3.1 ⠇ 㸧ࠊࡑ ࢀ ࢆ Gu (1990) ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ⌮ ㄽ ࡛ㄝ ᫂ ࡍ ࡿ 㸦 3.2 ⠇ 㸧ࠋ ࡑ ࢀ ࢆ ࡶ ࡜ ࡟ ࠊ Ā 㔉 ā ࡢ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ᶵ ⬟ ࢆ 2 Ⅼ ᥦ ᱌ ࡋ 㸦 3.3 ⠇ 㸧ࠊ ᤊ࠼ ᪉ ࡢ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ഃ 㠃 ࢆ ⪃ ᐹ ࡍ ࡿ 㸦 3.4 ⠇ 㸧ࠋ

3.1. Ā 㔉 ā ࡢ ౑ ⏝ ไ 㝈⤖ㄽ࠿ࡽゝ࠺࡜ࠊᮏ✏ࡣĀ㔉āࡀࣉࣛ࢖࣮࣋ࢺ࡞ሙ㠃࡛⪺ࡁᡭࡀぶࡋ࠸㛫᯶࡟౑ࢃࢀ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ౑ ⏝ ไ 㝈 ࢆ ᥦ ᱌ ࡍ ࡿ 5ࠋ ௨ ୗ ࡛ ࡣ Ā ᑞ ā ࠊ Ā Ѫ ā ࠊ Ā ੁ ā ࡢ 㡰 ࡟ ⪃ ᐹ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋࡲࡎࠊĀ㔉ā࡜Āᑞāࡢ㐪࠸࠿ࡽ᳨ウࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ

(4) a. ֐ ৫ ⅷ ⵰ ੗ ˈ ࢙ л Ⲵ ᡁ 㔉 ֐ ‫ ڊ‬Ǆb. ֐ ৫ Ձ ᚟ ੗ ˈ ࢙ л Ⲵ ᡁ ᑞ ֐ ‫ ڊ‬Ǆ (4a) ࡜ (4b) ࡣ ࡜ ࡶ ࡟ ࠕ ⪺ ࡁ ᡭ ࡟ ఇ ᠁ ࢆ ྲྀ ࡽ ࡏ ࠊ ヰ ࡋ ᡭ ࡀ ṧ ࡾ ࡢ 㒊 ศ ࢆ ࡍ ࡿ ࠖ ࡢ ព ࿡࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ Ā 㔉 ā ࡀ ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ (4a) ࡢ ᪉ ࡣ ࠊ ヰ ࡋ ᡭ ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ື స ࡢ ᢲ ࡋ ௜ ࡅ ࡀ ᙉ ࡃ ឤ ࡌࡽ ࢀ ࠊࡃ ࡔ ࡅ ࡓ ⾲ ⌧ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡚ ࡶ ᕪ ࡋ ᨭ ࠼ ࡞ ࠸ ୍ ᪉ ࠊ(4b) ࡣ ࡼ ࡾ ୎ ᑀ ࡟ ⪺ ࡇ ࠼ ࡿ ࠋࡑ ࡇ
࡛ ࠊ(4a) ࡣ ࣉ ࣛ ࢖ ࣋ ࣮ ࢺ ࡞ ሙ 㠃 ࡛ ⪺ ࡁ ᡭ ࡀ ぶ ࡋ ࠸ 㛫 ᯶ ࡟ ౑ ࢃ ࢀ ࠊ(4b) ࡣ ᨵ ࡲ ࡗ ࡓ ሙ 㠃࠿ ␯ 㐲 ࡞ ே ࡟ ౑ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋࡇ ࢀ ࡣ ࠊĀ ⅷ ⵰ ā ࡜ Ā Ձ ᚟ ā ࡢ 㐪 ࠸ ࠿ ࡽ ࡶ ⿬ ௜ ࡅ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋĀ ⅷ

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中国語“给”の語用論的機能⵰ ā ࡜ Ā Ձ ᚟ ā ࡣ ྠ ࡌ ࡃࠕ ఇ ࡴ ࠖࢆ ព ࿡ ࡍ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊĀ ⅷ ⵰ ā ࡢ ᪉ ࡣ ࡼ ࡾ ཱྀ ㄒ ࡟ ㏆ ࡃ ࠊĀ Ձ᚟āࡣ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜ᩥㄒ࡟㏆࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊĀⅷ⵰āࡣĀ㔉ā࡜ඹ㉳ࡋࡓ᪉ࡀ⮬↛࡛ࠊĀՁ᚟āࡣĀᑞā࡜࡜ࡶ࡟౑ࡗࡓ᪉ࡀ⮬↛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ḟ࡟ࠊĀѪāࡢ౛ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ
(5)a. 䘉 ᱟ ᡁ 㔉 ֐ ߶ ༷ Ⲵ а ⛩ ሿ ⽬ ⢙ ˈ 䈧 ࣑ ᗵ ᭦ л Ǆb. 䘉 ᱟ ᡁ Ѫ ֐ ߶ ༷ Ⲵ а ⛩ ሿ ⽬ ⢙ ˈ 䈧 ࣑ ᗵ ᭦ л Ǆ (5a) ࡜ (5b) ࡣ ࡜ ࡶ ࡟ ࠕ ࡉ ࡉ ࡸ ࠿ ࡞ ࣉ ࣞ ࢮ ࣥ ࢺ ࡛ ࡍ ࡀ ࠊ ࡐ ࡦ ཷ ࡅ ྲྀ ࡗ ࡚ ࡃ ࡔ ࡉ ࠸ ࠖ ࡢព ࿡ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ(5a) ࡣ ⪺ ࡁ ᡭ ࡟ ᤵ ୚ ࡍ ࡿ ࢽ ࣗ ࢔ ࣥ ࢫ ࡀ ᙉ ࡃ ࠊࣉ ࣛ ࢖ ࣋ ࣮ ࢺ ࡞ ሙ 㠃 ࡛ ⪺ ࡁᡭ ࡀ ཭ 㐩 ࡞ ࡝ ぶ ࡋ ࠸ 㛫 ᯶ ࡟ ౑ ࠸ ࡸ ࡍ ࡃ ࠊ(5b) ࡣ ࡼ ࡾ ṇ ᘧ ࡟ ⪺ ࡇ ࠼ ࠊࣇ ࢛ ࣮ ࣐ ࣝ ࡞ ሙ 㠃ࡸ␯㐲࡞ே࡟౑ࢃࢀࡸࡍ࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡣĀࡍ⅑㿱䶒㸦ࡣࡌࡵࡲࡋ࡚㸧āࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡉࡽ࡟᳨ド࡛ࡁࡿࠋĀࡍ⅑㿱䶒āࡣᨵࡲࡗࡓሙ㠃࡛ึᑐ㠃ࡢே࡟౑ࢃࢀࡿᣵᣜゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊ (5a) ࡜ ඹ ㉳ ࡋ ࡟ ࡃ ࡃ ࠊ (5b) ࡜ ඹ ㉳ ࡋ ࡓ ᪉ ࡀ ⮬ ↛ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ࠶ ࠼ ࡚ (5a) ࡜ ඹ ㉳ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊヰࡋᡭࡀ⪺ࡁᡭࡼࡾே㛫㛵ಀࡢୖ఩࡟❧ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⮬ศࡢᆅ఩ࢆ࢔ࣆ࣮ࣝࡍ
ࡿࡼ࠺࡟⪺ࡇ࠼ࠊ୙ᛌឤࢆぬ࠼ࡉࡏࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊĀੁāࡢ౛ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ
(6)a. ᡁ ᶕ 㔉 ֐ 䀓 䟺 а л Ǆb. ᡁ ᶕ ੁ ֐ 䀓 䟺 а л Ǆ (6a) ࡜ (6b) ࡣ ࡜ ࡶ ࡟ ࠕ ⪺ ࡁ ᡭ ࡟ ㄝ ᫂ ࡍ ࡿ ࠖ ࡢ ព ࿡ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ (4)ࠊ (5) ࡜ ྠ ࡌ ࠊ (6a) ࡣࣉ ࣛ ࢖ ࣋ ࣮ ࢺ ࡞ ሙ 㠃 ࡛ ぶ ࡋ ࠸ ே ࡟ ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࠊࡑ ࠺ ࡛ ࡞ ࠸ ሙ ྜ ࠊ(6b) ࡀ ౑ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋබ ⫈఍࡞࡝ࡢ㉁␲ᛂ⟅ࢆ᝿ീࡋࡼ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡣ࠿࡞ࡾṇᘧ࡞ሙ㠃ࡔ࡜࠸࠼ࠊࡋ࠿ࡶ㏻ᖖࡇࡢሙ࡛⪺ࡁᡭࡣᚰ⌮ⓗ࡟␯㐲࡞ே࡜ࡋ࡚ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ㸦࠸ࡃࡽぶࡋ࠸㛫᯶࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊࡦ࡜ ࡲ ࡎ ␯ 㐲 ࡞ ே ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ᢅ ࠺ ࡢ ࡀ ࡩ ࡘ ࠺ ࡔ ࢁ ࠺ 㸧ࠋࡑ ࡇ ࡛ ࠊࡇ ࡢ ሙ ྜ ࡟ ࡣ (6b) ࡢ ౑ ⏝ࡀ ⮬ ↛ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ(6a) ࢆ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ࠊୖ ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ ┠ ⥺ ࡀ ᙉ ࡃ ឤ ࡌ ࡽ ࢀ ࠊࠕ⚾ࡣ࠶࡞ࡓࡼࡾศ࠿ࡿ
࠿ࡽࠊᩍ࠼࡚࠶ࡆࡿࡼࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪺ࡇ࠼ࡿࠋࡓ࡜࠼ࡑࡢ❧ሙ࡟┦ᛂࡋ࠸ே࡟ゝࢃࢀ࡚ࡶ ࠊࡸ ࡸ ୙ ᛌ ឤ ࡀ ṧ ࡿ ࠿ ࡶ ࡋ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ ࠋ(6a) ࡣ ࡴ ࡋ ࢁ ཭ 㐩 ྠ ኈ ࡢ ⚾ ⓗ ࡞ ሙ 㠃 ࡛ ౑ ࢃ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ ௨ୖɼĀᑞāࠊĀѪāࠊĀੁā࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊĀ㔉āࡢ౑⏝ไ㝈ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋ⧞
ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊĀ㔉āࡣືసࡢᤵ୚ࢆᙉࡃព࿡ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᨵࡲࡗࡓሙ㠃࠿ࡘぶࡋ࠸㛫᯶࡟౑ࢃࢀࡿࠋ࡛ࡣࠊ࡞ࡐᢲࡋ௜ࡅࡀࡲࡋ࠸ࢽࣗ࢔ࣥࢫࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ࠊĀ㔉āࡀ཭㐩

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日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）ࡸ ࣉ ࣛ ࢖ ࣋ ࣮ ࢺ ࡞ ሙ 㠃 ࡟ ౑ ࠼ ࡿ ࡢ ࠿ ࠋ ௨ ୗ ࡢ 3.2 ⠇ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ࡇ ࢀ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㄝ ᫂ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋ

3.2. ⌮ ㄽ ⓗ ㄝ ᫂ ᮏ ⠇ ࡛ ࡣ ࣏ ࣛ ࢖ ࢺ ࢿ ࢫ ⌮ ㄽ ࢆ ᅵ ྎ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ㄝ ᫂ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋ Brown and Levinson (1987) ࡟ ࡼࡿ ࣏ ࣛ ࢖ ࢺ ࢿ ࢫ ⌮ ㄽ ࡀ ᥦ ၐ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ௨ ᮶ ࠊ ࡑ ࡢ ᬑ 㐢 ᛶ ࡣ ᖖ ࡟ ㆟ ㄽ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࡁ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ  (Ide1989; Gu 1990)ࠋ Gu (1990) ࡣ ୰ ᅜ ㄒ ࢆ ⪃ ᐹ ࡋ ࠊ ḟ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ၥ 㢟 Ⅼ ࢆ ᣦ ᦬ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ(7)

a. (T)he Chinese notion of negative face seems to differ from that defined by Brown
and Levinson. For example, offering, inviting, and promising in Chinese, underordinary circumstances, will not be considered as threatening H’s negative face,i.e. impeding H’s freedom.
b. (I)n interaction politeness is not just instrumental. It is also normative.
(Gu 1990, 241-242)ࡑ ࡋ ࡚ ࠊGu (1990) ࡣ ୰ ᅜ ࡢ ࣏ ࣛ ࢖ ࢺ ࢿ ࢫ (lӿmào) ࢆ ࠊᑛ ᩗ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ (respectfulness),ㅬ 㐯 (modesty)ࠊ⇕ ព (attitudinal warmth)ࠊୖ ရ (refinement) ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ 4 ࡘ ࡢ ほ ᛕ ࡜ ㄔ ព(sincerity)ࠊ ᆒ ⾮ (balance) ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ 2 ࡘ ࡢ ཎ ๎ ࡛ ࡲ ࡜ ࡵ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋᮏ ✏ ࡣ ࠊ ࡜ ࡾ ࢃ ࡅ ࠕ ⇕ ព ࠖ ࡢ ᴫ ᛕ ࢆ ᥼ ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋ Gu (1990: 239) ࡣ ࠕ ⇕ ព ࠖ ࢆ “self ’s
demonstration of kindness, consideration, and hospitality to other” ࡜ ᐃ ⩏ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ (7a)ࡢ ᣦ ᦬ ࠿ ࡽ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡞ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࠊ Brown and Levinson (1987) ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ࢿ ࢞ ࢸ ࢕ ࣈ ࣇ ࢙ ࢖ ࢫ ࢆ౵ᐖࡍࡿ⾜Ⅽࡣ୰ᅜㄒヰ⪅࡟ࡑ࠺࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ゝ࠺࡜ࠊ୰ᅜㄒ
ヰ⪅࡟ࡣࡴࡋࢁࠊࢃࡊ࡜⪺ࡁᡭࡢ⚾ⓗ㡿ᇦ࡟㋃ࡳ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜࡛⮬ศࡢ⇕ពࢆ⾲ ࡍ⩦័ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᖺ㱋ࡸᖺ཰࡞࡝ࠊすὒே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣಶே᝟ሗࡔ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿෆᐜࢆᑜࡡࡿࡇ࡜
ࡸ (Huang 2008: 99-100)ࠊ ᣍ ᚅ ࢆ ఱ ᗘ ࡶ ⧞ ࡾ ㏉ ࡍ (Zhu and Bao 2010: 851) ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ⾜Ⅽࡣࠊ୰ᅜㄒヰ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ⚾ⓗ㡿ᇦࢆ౵ᐖࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ㏫࡟ヰࡋᡭࡢ⇕ពࢆ⾲ࡍࡓࡵࡢࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⪺ࡁᡭࡶ⮬ศࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ౵ᐖࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺
࡟ᤊ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ┦ᡭࡢពᅗࢆࡁࡕࢇ࡜⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࠊ஫࠸࡟ᨭ㞀࡞ࡃࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮
ࢩࣙࣥࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊヰࡋᡭࡢពᅗࡀศ࠿ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊሙྜ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ୙ ᛌឤࢆぬ࠼ࡿேࡶ࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣝ࡞ሙ㠃ࡸࠊ┦ᡭ࡜ࡲࡔᚰ⌮ⓗ࡟㊥㞳ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࠊࡇࡢࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮ࡣ฼⏝ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋĀ㔉āࡢ౑⏝ࡶࡇࢀ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋĀ㔉āࡣᤵཷࡢព࿡ࢆᣢ
ࡕࠊ⪺ࡁᡭࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟ᙉࡃ௓ධࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿࡀࠊ⪺ࡁᡭࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟௓ධࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣヰ−166−

中国語“给”の語用論的機能⪅ ࡢ ⇕ ព ࡢ ⾲ ♧ ࡔ ࡜ ࡶ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࠊ Gu (1990) ࡟ ࡼ ࡿ ୰ ᅜ ㄒ ࡢ ࣏ ࣛ ࢖ ࢺ ࢿ ࢫ ⌮ ㄽ ࡟ ᚑ ࠼ࡤࠊࡇࡢ᫬ࡢĀ㔉āࡣ࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫࢆ♧ࡍ⾲⌧࡜ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊࣉࣛ࢖࣮࣋ࢺ
࡞ሙ㠃࡛⪺ࡁᡭࡀぶࡋ࠸㛫᯶࡜ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿሙྜࠊĀ㔉āࡀ౑ࢃࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

3.3. ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ᶵ ⬟ 
 3.1 ࡢ ౑ ⏝ ไ 㝈 ࢆ ࡶ ࡜ ࡟ ࠊ ᮏ ✏ ࡣ Ā 㔉 ā ࡢ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ᶵ ⬟ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠊࠕ ぶ ࡋ ࠸ ே 㛫 㛵 ಀ ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࠖ࡜ࠕᚰ⌮ⓗ㊥㞳ࢆ⦰ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࠋ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ㡰࡟ࡳ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ ࡲࡎࠊ
ࠕ ぶ ࡋ ࠸ ே 㛫 㛵 ಀ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࡇ ࡜ ࠖ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊࡇ ࡢ ᶵ ⬟ ࡣ 3.1 ࡛ ㄝ ᫂ ࡋ ࡓ Ā 㔉 ā ࡢ౑⏝ไ㝈ࠕ⪺ࡁᡭࡀぶࡋ࠸㛫᯶࡟౑ࢃࢀࡿࠖ࠿ࡽࡢⓎᒎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊĀ㔉āࡣぶࡋ࠸㛫᯶࡛౑ࢃࢀࡿࡓࡵࠊࠕ ⪺ ࡁ ᡭ ࡀ ヰ ⪅ ࡟ ࡜ ࡗ ࡚ ぶ ࡋ ࠸ ே ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠖ࡜ ࠸ ࠺ ㄆ ㆑ ࢆ ⾲ ࡍᶆ㆑࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛ ࠼ ࡤ ࠊ཭ 㐩 ࡟ (4a) ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ゝ ࠸ ᪉ ࢆ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ࠊ⪺ ࡁ ᡭ ࡜ ㏆ ࠸ ㊥ 㞳 ࢆ ಖ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡜ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࠊ ே 㛫 㛵 ಀ ࢆ ࠺ ࡲ ࡃ ⥔ ᣢ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࠋ ぶ ࡋ ࠸ 㛫 ᯶ ࡟ ࠶ ࠼ ࡚ (4b) ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ゝ ࠸ ᪉ ࢆࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㊥㞳ឤࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࠊ⪺ࡁᡭ࡟୙Ᏻࢆឤࡌࡉࡏࡿࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊĀ㔉āࡀぶࡋ࠸ே㛫㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡋࠊྠ᫬࡟ࠊⓎヰࡢሙࢆࡼࡾࣉࣛ࢖࣮࣋ࢺࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊே࡜ࡢᚰ⌮ⓗ㊥㞳ࡀ⦰ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ
(8)a. ᛘ ᭮ ᗳ ੗ ˈ ᡁ Ԝ 㔉 ᛘ 䘱 䍗 к 䰘 Ǆb. ᛘ ᭮ ᗳ ੗ ˈ ᡁ Ԝ Ѫ ᛘ 䘱 䍗 к 䰘 Ǆᗑ ဨ ࡣ ࡩ ࡘ ࠺ ᐈ ࡟ (8b) ࢆ ౑ ࠺ ࡣ ࡎ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊ(8b) ࡢ ௦ ࢃ ࡾ ࡟ (8a) ࢆ ౑ ࠺ ࡇ ࡜ ࡛ ࠊぶࡋࡉࢆ♧ࡍ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊࣉࣛ࢖࣮࣋ࢺࡢࡼ࠺࡞㞺ᅖẼࢆసࡾୖࡆࠊⓎヰࡢሙࡀᰂࡽ࠿ࡃ࡞ ࡿ ࡜ ࡜ ࡶ ࡟ ࠊᐈ ࡜ ࡢ ᚰ ⌮ ⓗ ㊥ 㞳 ࢆ ⦰ ࡵ ࡿ 6 ࠋࡑ ࡇ ࡛ ࠊᐈ ࡢ ಙ 㢗 ࢆ ᚓ ࠊᐈ ࡟ Ᏻ ᚰ ࡋ ࡚ ㉎ධࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊĀ㔉āࡣ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

3.4. ࠕ ᤊ ࠼ ᪉ ࠖ ࡢ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ഃ 㠃  ᤊ࠼᪉ࡢㄒ⏝ㄽⓗഃ㠃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣦ᦬ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

(9)a. (C)onstrual is not simply a cognitive process. Construal is always for a purpose in
a communicative act. That is, meaning involves construal for the purpose ofcommunication. (Croft 2009: 410)

−167−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

b. ヰ ⪅㸦 ㄆ ㆑࣭⾲ ⌧ ⪅ 㸧ࡀ ࠊ࡝ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᑐ ㇟ ࢆ ࡝ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ᤊ ࠼ ࡚㸦 construe; ࠶ࡿ ࠸ ࡣ ㄆ ㆑ ࡋ ࡚ 㸧⪺ ࡁ ᡭ ࡟ ᥦ ♧ ࡍ ࡿ ࠿ ࠋࡑ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᤊ ࠼ ᪉ ࢆ ⫼ ᚋ ࠿ ࡽ ᨭ ࠼ ࡚࠸ ࡿ ㄆ ▱ ࡢ ࣓ ࢝ ࢽ ࢬ ࣒ ࡣ ࡝ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ࡶ ࡢ ࠿ ࠋ㸦 ᮏ ከ 2006: 7㸧ㄆ▱ゝㄒᏛ࡛ࡣࠊゝㄒ⾲⌧ࡣே㛫ࡢㄆ▱ࢆ཯ᫎࡋࠊྠࡌ஦㇟ࡢ␗࡞ࡿゝ࠸᪉ࡣே㛫ࡀ ஦ ㇟ ࡟ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ㄆ ▱ ୖ ࡢ 㐪 ࠸ ࢆ ཯ ᫎ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ࡓ ࡔ ࡋ ࠊ (9) ࠿ ࡽ ࡶ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡞ࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࠕ ᤊ ࠼ ᪉ ࠖࡣ ࡼ ࡾ ᗈ ࡃ ࠊ⪺ ࡁ ᡭ ࡶ ྵ ࢇ ࡛ ࠸ ࡞ ࡅ ࢀ ࡤ ࡞ ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ ࠋᮏ ✏ ࡣ ࡑ ࡢ ୍ ౛ࢆ࠶ࡆࡓࠋĀ㔉ā࡜ĀᑞāࠊĀѪāࠊĀੁāࡀ⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡽࢀࡿሙྜࠊ࡝ࡕࡽࢆ㑅ࡪ࠿ࡣ༢࡟ヰ⪅ࡢ஦㇟ㄆ▱ࢆ཯ᫎࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ⪺ࡁᡭ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ࠿ ࡶ ཯ ᫎ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋぶ ࡋ ࠸ 㛫 ᯶ ࡛ ࠶ ࢀ ࡤ ࠊĀ 㔉 ā ࢆ ࠊࡑ ࠺ ࡛ ࡞ ࠸ ሙ ྜ ࠊĀ ᑞ ā ࡞ ࡝ ࢆ ౑ ࠺ ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᮏ✏ࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࡣ⪺ࡁᡭࡢഃ㠃ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊⓎヰሙ㠃࡞࡝ࡶໟྵࡍ࡭ࡁࡔ࡜
♧၀ࡍࡿࠋⓎヰሙ㠃࡟ᑐࡍࡿヰ⪅ࡢㄆ㆑࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊĀ㔉ā࡜Āᑞā࡞࡝ࡢ౑⏝࡟㐪࠸ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡿ ࠋせ ࡍ ࡿ ࡟ ࠊゝ ㄒ ࡣ ᖖ ࡟ ࢥ ࣑ ࣗ ࢽ ࢣ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ᶵ ⬟ ࢆ ᯝ ࡓ ࡍ ௨ ୖ ࠊࠕ ᤊ ࠼ ᪉ ࠖࡶ஦㇟ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟␃ࡲࡽࡎࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢഃ㠃ࠊࡘࡲࡾㄒ⏝ㄽⓗഃ㠃ࡶධࢀࡿ࡭
ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㸬࠾ࢃࡾ࡟
4㸬
௨ୖࠊĀᑞāࠊĀѪāࠊĀੁā࡜⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡽࢀࡿᩥࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ Ā㔉āࡢ౑⏝ ไ 㝈 ࡜ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ᶵ ⬟ ࡀ ᫂ ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋࡇ ࢀ ࢆ ㋃ ࡲ ࠼ ࠊࠕ ᤊ ࠼ ᪉ ࠖࡢ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ⓗ ഃ 㠃 ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋĀ㔉āࡣ⇕ពࢆ⾲ࡋࠊࣉࣛ࢖࣮࣋ࢺࡢሙ㠃࡛ぶࡋ࠸㛫᯶࡟ࡼࡃ౑ࢃࢀࡿࠋ
Ā㔉āࡣ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣏ࣛ࢖ࢺࢿࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡢ࡛㸪≧ἣ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ぶࡋ࠸ே㛫㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡸ㸪㊥㞳ࢆ⦰ࡵࡿࡓࡵ࡟౑ࢃࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ㄒ⏝ㄽⓗᶵ⬟ࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋᮏ
✏࡛ࡣཷᐜ⪅ࢆ஧ே⛠࡟㝈ᐃࡋࡓࡀࠊ୍ࠊ୕ே⛠ࡢ⪃ᐹࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀ ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᮏ✏࡛ᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ౑⏝ไ㝈ࢆࡉࡽ࡟᳨ドࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡣ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ṧࡉࢀࡿࠋὀ
1

ᮏ ✏ ࡣ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ Ꮫ ఍ ➨ 25 ᅇ ኱ ఍ 㸦 2022 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 26 ᪥ ࠊ ࢜ ࣥ ࣛ ࢖ ࣥ 㛤 ദ 㸧 ࡛ Ⓨ ⾲ࡋࡓෆᐜࢆࡶ࡜࡟ᇳ➹ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭷┈࡞ຓゝࢆࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓ᪉ࠎ࡟ឤㅰࢆ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋ
2ᙜ↛ࠊࡍ࡭࡚ࡢĀ㔉āࡀĀᑞāࠊĀѪāࠊĀੁā࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼ࡽࢀࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ



−168−

中国語“给”の語用論的機能ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᮏ✏࡛࠸࠺౑⏝ไ㝈ࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛⨨᥮࡛ࡁࡿሙྜ࡟㝈ࡽࢀࡿ ࠋ3ᮏ✏࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏝౛ࡣ≉࡟᩿ࡾࡢ࡞࠸㝈ࡾࠊ➹⪅࡟ࡼࡿస౛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

4Ā 㔉 ā࡟ ⨨ ࡁ ᥮ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ㄒ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚Ā ᴯ ā㸦 ௦ ࢃ ࡾ ࡟ 㸧ࡶ ࠶ ࡆ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋࡓ ࡔ ࡋ ࠊĀ ᴯ āࡣ

ᙜヱ⾜Ⅽࡀ┦ᡭࡢᮏᴗ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛Ā㔉ā࡜␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⪃ᐹᑐ㇟࠿ࡽእࡍࠋ
5ࡇࡇ࡛࠸࠺ࠕぶࡋ࠸㛫᯶ࠖ࡜ࡣࠊ⾑⦕㛵ಀ࡞࡝࡛Ỵࡵࡽࢀࡿ⤯ᑐ㛵ಀ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊヰ⪅ࡀ⪺ࡁᡭ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ࠸࠿࡟ᢅࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺┦ᑐⓗ࡞ᚰ⌮ⓗ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿ6

ࡓࡔࡋࠊ㊥㞳ࢆ⦰ࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡢࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ヰࡋᡭഃࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊ⪺ࡁᡭࡀࡑࢀࢆ࡝࠺ཷࡅྲྀࡿ࠿ࠊࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࡢᶵ⬟ࡣ㡰ㄪ࡟ᯝࡓࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡣูࡢၥ㢟࡟࡞ࡿࠋཧ↷ᩥ⊩
Croft, W. 2009. “Toward a Social Cognitive Linguistics.” In V. Evans and S. Pourcel (eds.)
New Directions in Cognitive Linguistics, 395-420. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Gu, Y. 1990. “Politeness Phenomena in Modern Chinese.” Journal of Pragmatics 14(2), 237257.
ᮏ ከ ၨ . 2006.ࠕ ㄆ ▱ ព ࿡ ㄽ ࠊࢥ ࣑ ࣗ ࢽ ࢣ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ࠊඹ ྠ ὀ ព 㸫 ᤊ ࠼ ᪉㸦 ⌮ ゎ 㸧ࡢ ព ࿡ㄽ ࠿ ࡽ ぢ ࡏ ᪉ 㸦 ᥦ ♧ 㸧 ࡢ ព ࿡ ㄽ ࡬ 㸫 ࠖࠊࠗ ㄒ ⏝ ㄽ ◊ ✲ ࠘ 8ࠊ 1-13.
Huang, Y. 2008. “Politeness Principle in Cross-Culture Communication.” English Language
Teaching 1(1), 96-101.
Ide, S. 1989. “Formal Forms and Discernment: Two Neglected Aspects of Universals of
Linguistic Politeness.” Multilingua 8-2/3, 223-248.
Ọ Ụ ㈗ Ꮚ . 2005.ࠕ Ā ᑞ ā࡜Ā 㔉 āࡢ ඹ ㏻ Ⅼ ࡜ ᕪ ␗ ࠖࠊࠗ࠾ⲔࡢỈዪᏊ኱Ꮫ୰ᅜᩥᏛ఍ሗ࠘
24ࠊ 122-108.
᳿ ถ ᰤ . 2009.ࠕ ୰ ᪥ ཷ ┈ ⾲ ⌧ ࡜ ᡤ ᭷ ᵓ 㐀 ࡢ ᑐ ↷ ◊ ✲ ࠖࠊࠗ ᪥ ୰ ゝ ㄒ ◊ ✲ ࡜ ᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ᩍ ⫱ ࠘2ࠊ 1-12.
Zhu, J., and Bao, Y. 2010. “The Pragmatic Comparison of Chinese and Western ‘Politeness’
in Cross-cultural Communication.” Journal of Language Teaching & Research 1(6), 848851.

−169−日本語用論学会

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<Abstract>
This study aims to clarify the features of instructors’ verbal and nonverbal
behaviors and learners’ reactions by observing the interactions in a classroom
practicing the Japanese dance Noh. It uses multimodal conversation analysis to
examine video-recorded data. Results show that, first, the instructor starts acorrection sequence by identifying problems with the learner ’s bodily movements.
Second, the instructor demonstrates the correct movements and compares themwith those that the learner is struggling with. Third, the learner is observed toadopt the said bodily corrections by imitating the instructor ’s movements.

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Keevallik, L. 2010. Bodily Quoting in Dance Correction. Research on Language andSocial Interaction , 43(4), 401426.
Mondada,L.2018.  Multiple Temporalities of Language and Body in Interaction:
Challenges for Transcribing Multimodality.  Research on Language and Social

Interaction , 51(1),85106.
  {  . 2013.  ¬ - ^ c ,   5 u § b g , T " 5 ` Y
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Råman, J. 2019. Budo Demonstrations as Shared Accomplishments: The Modalities
of Guiding in the Joint Teaching of Physical Skills. Journal of Pragmatics, 150,
1738.
Sacks, H. 1992. Lectures on Conversation. (G. Jefferson, Ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.
Schegloff, E. A., Jefferson, G. and Sacks, H. 1977. The Preference for Self-Correctionin the Organization of Repair in Conversation. Language , 53(2), 361382.
 S  s . 2004.    - X 8 £  u § " 5  ) /  ¬ P - ^ c - v Á 8 2 ) ,  ª ¸
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日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

Changes in Linguistic Landscape of Japan: Life ‘with Corona’
Saya IKE
Meijo University<Abstract>
This study investigates longitudinal changes in COVID-19 related signage in Japan. Collecting
over 2,000 signs in Kyoto and Nagoya over two years, it documents the ongoing changes in
Linguistic Landscapes (LL). The data reveal a significant decrease in bottom-up temporalrequest signs and increase in unified and formularised request signs. While many signs were
put up in front of the shops in 2021, signs were discreetly displayed inside the shops (i.e.,backgrounded) in 2022. The backgrounding of such signs also suggests that the signs have truly
become part of the ‘landscape’, losing the primary function of being noticeable. The current LL
investigation proves that the LL is fluid and mirrors what is valued at the time in a given society.
ʴKeywordsʵ
ʁlinguistic landscapes, COVID-19, directive speech act, signage

1. Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 stopped the world, and our mobility was severely restricted.
The first case of the COVID-19 in Japan was identified on January 16th, 2020, followed by the
first ‘state of emergency’ announced by the government on April 7th. Then, the Linguistic
Landscapes (LL) drastically changed all over the world. This study investigates longitudinalchanges in COVID-19 related signage in Japan. Upon collection of over 2,000 signs in Kyoto
and Nagoya over two years, it documents the ongoing changes of social norms and practices
reflected in the local LLs.
2. Background
The theory of Linguistic Landscape (LL) was proposed in the 1990s by scholars such as Spolsky
and Cooper (1991) and Landry and Bourhis (1997). LL in general refers to the language signs
that are visible in public spaces such as road signs, billboard signs, and shop signs. Earlier
studies (e.g., Landry & Bourhis, 1997; Spolsky & Cooper, 1991; Tan, 2014) focused on−178−Changes in Linguistic Landscape of Japan: Life ʻwith Coronaʼbilingual communities where two or more languages were spoken on a daily basis, and argued
that the language choice in signs represented the identity of community. The study focus wasthen expanded to multilingualism, and many studies have been conducted to document the useof English as an additional language in sign in the wave of globalisation (e.g., Backhaus, 2007;
Malinowski, 2010; Reh, 2004). Reh (2004) especially discusses the level of English translationof the original, dominant language, whether it is a complete translation of the message or partial
translation. More recently, multimodal aspects of LL have been discussed. For example,
Jaworski and Thurlow (2010) use a term ‘semiotic landscape’ and argue for taking into
consideration of the use of space where signs are placed. Similarly, Marshall (2021) showssome examples of signs integrated into objects in a park, naming them ‘grassroot artefacts’.
Also, there have been more selective approaches, focusing on a specific type of signs such asgraffiti (Pennycook, 2010) and tourism posters (Jaworski & Thurlow, 2010), or specific location
within the areas such as stations (De Los Reyes, 2014). Pragmatic aspects, especially directive
speech acts, have also been recently focused HJ%D\QH)HUHQþtN0RUURZ
Nishijima, 2014; Svennevig, 2021).
In the last few years, the LL drastically changed around the world, heavily influenced by
the demographic and social changes under the pandemic. There have been reports of the shift
from multilingual signs to monolingual (Dunn, Coupé, & Adams, 2020; Marshall, 2021;
Nakamura, 2022). In particular, Marshall (2021) reports the increase of top-down signs issued
by national and/or local government authorities, and Ike and Hori (2021) report such signs were
often related to directive speech acts, such as reminding to keep social distance, repeatedly
sanitize or wash your hands, and to wear masks. Also, Nakamura (2022) argues that signs inTokyo-Kanagawa area are not sufficient for non-Japanese speaking residents. However, there
has not been sufficient studies on LL, especially in the COVID era. Thus, this study attempts
to fill the gap by longitudinally documenting the LL in two cities in Japan, Kyoto and Nagoya.
In what follows, it will present the overview of the data, show preliminary pragmatic
analysis of signage related to COVID-19, and report changes in LL over the two years.
3. Survey
The first preliminary survey was conducted in July to August, 2021 in Kyoto, and the second
follow-up survey was conducted one year later in August, 2022. The survey area was also
expanded to include Nagoya for comparison.

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The areas were chosen following %DFNKDXV  , who found over 1,000 items in a 190m
street in Tokyo. The area in Kyoto is approximately 400 square metres around Karasuma
subway station in Shijo area (one of major tourist spots in Kyoto), consisting of four blocks andinclude key industries (banks, post offices), large commercial institutions (department stores,
company buildings), franchised restaurants/shops, private shops/restaurants, and residentialbuildings/houses. An area in Nagoya was then chosen to match the area in Kyoto for the second
survey. It is also approximately 400 square metres around Sakae station, a popular tourist spotin Nagoya, consisting of six blocks with a similar mixture of buildings.
Taking a selective approach, signs visible from a street were surveyed but only the signs
identified as COVID-19-related were photographed. The main criteria for identification were
specific words such as ‘corona (COVID-19)’, ‘kansen (infection)’, ‘shodoku (sanitising)’ and‘kyori (distance)’, as well as notification of restricted business hours and entry ways that werein practice at the time i. Individual items were all separately recorded. In addition, multiple items
were often placed next to each other and displayed together. Taking a semiotic landscapeapproach, multiple signs in one space were also recorded as a combination sign.
Each sign was then coded partially basing on classification by Reh (2004), according to
its place type, duration type, modality type, content type, and sender/receiver type. The focus
in this paper is especially on the last two codings; content type (i.e., speech acts) and sender
type. The sender was coded roughly in two ways: the top-down signs produced by national or
local governments, and bottom-up signs produced by individual shops and restaurants.
4. Results and Analysis
4.1. Overall results
From the two surveys, a total of 2,031 signs were collected as summarised in Table 1 below.
Table 1. The number of signs in each locationindividual signs
combination of signs
Total

1st survey 2021

2nd survey 2022

KYOTO
610

761

KYOTO

149
702

−180−

Total
NAGOYA
463

568

2,031

Changes in Linguistic Landscape of Japan: Life ʻwith CoronaʼThere were 761 COVID-19-related signs in Kyoto in 2021, which decreased to 702 in thesecond survey in 2022. This may be because that many shops were either closed or operatingwith restricted business hours in 2021 due to the prevention measures that were in place at thetime, and there were signs of temporary closure or shorter business hours. Meanwhile, there
ZHUHVLJQVLQ1DJR\DLQ$OWKRXJKWKHWRWDOQXPEHURIWKHVLJQVLVQRWLFHDEO\VPDOOHU
than that in Kyoto, the number is high enough for comparison. Of the three sets of data, about
RIWKHVLJQVDUHLQDIRUPRIPXOWLSOHGLVSOD\ Q LQ.\RWRQ LQ.\RWR
DQGQ LQ1DJR\D 
Similar to reports elsewhere, there are very few English signs. LesV WKDQ  RI WKHLQGLYLGXDOVLJQVZHUHLQ(QJOLVKLQ.\RWRLQ  DQGLQ1DJR\DLQ  7KH
VHFRQGVXUYH\LQ.\RWRLQVKRZHGDVOLJKWLQFUHDVHLQ(QJOLVKVLJQV  EXWPRVWRI
the English signs were produced at the department store and large scale commercial buildings,
often on a hand sanitizer, and often only for part of the information. Thus, As Nakamura (2022)
pointed out, there is still very little English available overall.
4.2. The first survey in Kyoto
In analysing the first set of data from Kyoto 2021, a particular attention was paid to directive
VLJQVHVSHFLDOO\UHTXHVWV HJ³SOHDVHZHDUDPDVN´ $WRWDORIVLJQVLQYROYHGGLUHFWLYH
VSHHFKDFWVRIZKLFKWKHPDMRULW\ Q  ZHUHERWWRP-up signs, produced by individual shops
and restaurants. It was also found that there were many formulaic expressions in bottom-up
signs, and the request itself was fairly ambiguous. Figure 1 below is an example.
Regarding the prevention measures for COVID-19
As part of prevention measures for COVID-19, weare temporarily closed for the time being.
Thank you for your understanding andcooperation.
(Author’s translation)
Figure 1. Example of formulaic expression

Figure 1 is part of a bottom-up, temporal closure sign of a restaurant. It is anannouncement, but at the end there is an ambiguous request for the viewers (customers) in aphrase “gorikai, gokyoryoku yoroshiku onegai itashimasu (thank you for your understanding /for your cooperation)”. In fact, this phrase was often used without any specific requests.

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It should also be noted that bottom-up signs often involved some creativity. Marshall(2021) showed creative signage in a park in Vancouver, and it was observed also in Kyoto. For
example, there was a line of stickers in front of a computer and mobile phone provider shop.
Each sticker was different, showing different types of product available at the store, and placed
2 meters apart from each other in line. These were discreetly guiding its customers to wait inline, keeping the social distance in their own creative way. The letters on stickers did not have
any linguistic directive speech acts, but the use of space created a semiotic landscape (Jaworski& Thurlow, 2010) and successfully delivered the directive speech act message.
While many of the bottom-up directive speech act signs in the first survey were fairly
direct and clear, the above two examples show how the message can be integrated into theJapanese context of politeness.
4.3. The second survey: ComparisonsThis section will first present a preliminary analysis of the two areas, and shows the changes in
LL in two years focusing on the two data sets from Kyoto.
As mentioned earlier, the proportion of request signs were similar between Kyoto andNagoya. There was also a similarity in the use of top-down signs between the two areas. Table
2 below shows an example of most frequently observed top-down signs at restaurants.

Kyoto(b) “Kyoto manner”(a) Certificate sticker
posterNagoya(c) Certificate sticker(d) List of
prevention measures

Figure 2. Examples of top-down signs

These were all top-down signs, issued by a local, prefectural government. Stickers (a)Q  DQG F  Q  LQGLFDWHWKDWWKHUHVWDXUDQWKDVPHWWKHSUHYHQWLRQUHTXLUHPHQWVVHWE\
the local government. In Kyoto, these stickers were often placed together with another topdown advisory sign of customer behaviour (b). In Nagoya, there was an additional check list(d) placed with the sticker to show what requirements were met. Often times those stickers were−182−

Changes in Linguistic Landscape of Japan: Life ʻwith Coronaʼthe only visible signs outside restaurants, especially at small scale private restaurants. Thus, thepreference of top-down signs was common in two places, but top-down signs were at the local
government level, and not so much of the national level. This means that even though theapproaches taken in two areas are almost identical, the signs themselves are quite different ineach area, contributing to the different LLs in each location.
Compared to the first survey in 2021, there were fewer creative bottom-up signs and more
standardised and unified signs in Kyoto. In the surveyed area, 31 restaurants and shops had astandardised request format in some variations as shown in Figure 2 below.
(a)

x
x
x

Wearing a maskx
Sanitising handsxRefrain from entering if x
experiencing any symptoms(b)

8SWRSHRSOHDWRQFH
Keep social distancing
No speaking

(c)

x
x
x

Coughing etiquette ii
Keep at least 1 meter toeach otherNo sharing plates

Figure 3. Examples of standardised request format

As can be seen in the three pictures of behavioural requests, the font, the backgroundcolour, and the use of iconic illustrations are all unified. These were not observed in Nagoya,so it can be assumed the format is locally created and shared among the restaurants with someblank spaces so that each restaurant can put in their own requests. As a result, most of thecreative, temporal request signs disappeared and community-specific standardised forms
replaced those signs. Some top-down signs of prevention measures and behavioural advices
were also hidden behind other signs and no longer visible. This may indicate that top-down
signs that were produced as general guidelines of prevention measures have lost their authority
and significance. Instead, bottom-up sign producers have worked together during the COVID
era in sharing requests and their needs in preventing the infection, giving the local LL to a morebonded-community flavour.
On the other hand, it was noted that objects, especially sanitizers, did not always
accompany signs in the second survey. Sometimes a sanitiser was placed without any signs, or−183−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

blended with other objects. This suggests that sanitisation has become a norm and no longer
requires special attention with a sign.
5. Discussion and Concluding Remarks
The two-year investigation of the COVID-19-related signs in two areas has shown a number ofsocial practices. There was a decrease in the number of COVID-19-related signs in Kyoto in
the second survey due to the removal of restrictions. However, the analysis also suggests thatthe backgrounding and blending of signs or sanitisers indicate norminalised prevention
measures. In 2021, in which everyone was still trying to understand the disease and working
hard to survive, similar requests such as wearing masks and social distancing in different
formats (e.g., handwritten vs. typed, bottom-up vs. top-down) were placed next to each otherforming a strong semiotic message of the importance of prevention measures. A year later in
2022, many of the request signs have been reorganised and sorted out, and some signs havebecome standardised. The standardised forms not only indicate stronger community andregional efforts rather than individual efforts, but also indicate more authority within the local
context. By having the standardised form, shops and restaurants seem to be forming their own
authority in positioning themselves as a group over the customers. In addition, these unified
forms of signs have contributed to forming the local LLs. Top-down signs and stickers that areissued by prefectural governments also add colours to the LLs. As argued elsewhere, LLs mirror
what is valued at the time at the place. That is, in the last two years, the life ‘with corona’ has
become widely accepted, and thus signs have lost their function of ‘standing out, to be visible’
but instead become truly part of the landscapes. With the world changing very fast yet again,
Japan has moved towards the life ‘after corona’, re-opening its borders to international tourists
and easing prevention measure requirements. Another year of continuing investigation of the
LLs will show how the social practices change accordingly. It is believed that there is a needfor documentation of temporal signs over time in order to reveal longitudinal construction ofcultural norms and changes in linguistic choices.
Funding
This work was partially suSSRUWHG E\ -636 .$.(1+, &  *UDQW 1XPEHU .ʥ
Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Linguistic Landscapes: Life 'with Corona'.

−184−

Changes in Linguistic Landscape of Japan: Life ʻwith CoronaʼiAt the time of the first survey, man-en boushi tou juuten shochi (priority preventative measures) were inaction. This means that the restrictions were not as severe as the state of emergency but businesses werestill heavily restricted including shorter business hours and no-alcohol policy in addition to social
distancing and wearing masks.
ii“coughing etiquette” refers to a Japanese norm of behaviour. It is advised to cover your mouth whencoughing, preferably with a mask, but with sleeves or hands if not.

References%DFNKDXV3  6LJQVof Multilingualism in Tokyo: A Diachronic Look at the Linguistic
Landscape. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2005  121. doi,MVO-176.103
Backhaus, P. (2007). Linguistic Landscapes: A Comparative Study of Urban Multilingualism
in Tokyo. Clevedon; Buffalo: Multilingual Matters.
Bayne, K. (2018). Manner Posters as an Element of the Japanese Linguistic Landscape.
Bulletin of Seisen University Research Institute for Cultural Science, 39, 140-113.
doi:10.24743/00001060
De Los Reyes, R. A. (2014). Language of “Order”: English in the Linguistic Landscape of
Two Major Train Stations in the Philippines. Asian Journal of English Language
Studies, 2(1), 24-49.
Dunn, J., Coupé, T., & Adams, B. (2020). Measuring Linguistic Diversity During COVID-19.
Paper Presented at the Fourth Workshop on Natural Language Processing andComputational Social Science, Online.
)HUHQþtN0  ,P3oliteness on the Move: A Study of Regulatory Discourse Practices
in Slovakia's Centre of Tourism. Journal of Pragmatics, 134, 183-198.
doi:https://doiRUJMSUDJPD
Ike, S., & Hori, Y. (2021). COVID-19 Discourse in Linguistic Landscape: Dynamic
Positioning Through Pragmatic Usage. Paper Presented at the 24th Annual
Conference of the Pragmatics Society of Japan Online.
Jaworski, A., & Thurlow, C. (2010). Semiotic Landscapes: Language, Image, Space:Bloomsbury Academic.
Landry, R., & Bourhis, R. Y. (1997). Linguistic Landscape, and Ethnolinguistic Vitality.
Journal of Language & Social Psychology, 16(1), 23-49.
Malinowski, D. (2010). Showing Seeing in the Korean Linguistic Cityscape. Linguistic
Landscape in the City, 199-Marshall, S. (2021). Navigating COVID-19 Linguistic Landscapes in Vancouver’s North
Shore: Official Signs, Grassroots Literacy Artefacts, Monolingualism, and Discursive
Convergence. International Journal of Multilingualism, 1-doi
0RUURZ35  'LUHFWLYHVin Japanese: Evidence from Signs. World Englishes, 34(1),78-87. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12119
Nakamura, J. (2022). COVID-19 Signs in Tokyo and Kanagawa: Linguistic Landscaping for
Whom? Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 22, 80-94.
Nishijima, Y. (2014). Politeness in Sign Expressions: A Comparison of English, German, andJapanese. Intercultural Communication Studies, 23, 110-123.
Pennycook, A. (2010). Language as a Local Practice. NY: Routledge.
Reh, M. (2004). Multilingual Writing: A Reader-oriented Typology -- With Examplesfrom
Lira Municipality (Uganda). International Journal of the Sociology of Language,
2004(170), 1-41.
Spolsky, B., & Cooper, R. L. (1991). The Languages of Jerusalem: Clarendon Press.
Svennevig, J. (2021). How to Do Things with Signs. The Formulation of Directives on Signs
in Public Spaces. Journal of Pragmatics, 175-183.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2021.01.016
Tan, P. K. (2014). Singapore's Balancing Act, from the Perspective of the Linguistic
Landscape. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, 29(2), 438-466.

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Interpretability of pragmatic gaps in Armenian and Japanese Noun Modifying
Clause Constructions
Luiza Kloyan & Kaoru Horie
Nagoya University
luizakloyan39@gmail.com<Abstract>
Our aim is to reconsider Noun-modifying clause constructions (NMCCs), which havebeen divided into two major types (European-type and Asian-type) in linguistic
typology. From this perspective, Armenian NMCCs are an interesting case in point asthey include not only “European”-type finite NMCCs, but also non-finite NMCCs.
Crucially, the latter NMCCs resemble “Asian”-type GNMCCs (Matsumoto 1997) like
Japanese. This study thus compares Armenian “non-finite” NMCCs and Japanese
NMCCs. It was found that Armenian NMCCs show similar patterns of acceptability
with their Japanese counterparts when the head noun is “causally” or “temporally”
connected to the modifying clause by pragmatic inference. However, the parallelism
ends when the head noun needs to be “spatially” connected to the modifying clause.
This indicates that the “spatial” connectivity gaps between the head noun and themodifying clause are harder to fill by pragmatic inference than the “temporal” or“causal” connectivity gaps.
࠙Keywordsࠚ: Noun-modifying clause constructions (NMCCs), Armenian language,
Japanese language, finite NMCCs, non-finite NMCCs, “spatial”, “temporal” , “causal”
connectivity gaps, interpretability of pragmatic gaps

1. Introduction
Noun-modifying clause constructions (NMCCs) have been a topic of cross-linguistic
investigations for a long time. These investigations lead to a mindset in linguistic
typology that European and Asian languages have distinct types of NMCCs and can bedivided into two linguistic groups. Specifically, many East and South East Asian
languages have been found to possess “General Noun Modifying Clause Constructions(GNMCCs)” (Matsumoto 1997). A GNMCC is a single noun-modifying construction
covering a wide range of interpretations including, but not limited to a “relative clause”
interpretation, as shown in (1) in Japanese:−186−

Interpretability of pragmatic gaps in Armenian and Japanese Noun Modifying Clause Constructions(1) [atama ga
yoku-naru] hon
head
NOM good-become book‘the book (by reading which one’s) head gets better’ (Matsumoto 1997:7)
Armenian, an Indo-European language, is an interesting case in point as it possesses not
only “European”-type finite clause constructions, but also non-finite clause
constructions, which resemble “Asian”-type GNMCCs. This study compares Armenian“non-finite” NMCCs and Japanese NMCCs.
2. Armenian language
Modern Eastern Armenian (MEA) constitutes its own branch of the Indo-European
language family. With this regard, it must be noted that main grammatical features of
MEA resemble those of Indo-European languages. As it is shown in (2), MEA marks
nouns for case, number and person.
(2) gn-ac-ner-smek‘ena-ner-um...
buy-RES.PTCP.PL.1 car-PL.LOC“In cars that we bought...”On the other hand, MEA is the only IE language that is considered to have nogrammatical gender. Another feature far from common in modern IE languages isagglutinative system of declension, which is highly developed in MEA, as shown in (3).
It is known that agglutination is a core element of Turkic languages, as well as
Caucasian languages like Georgian, and some Asian languages, such as Japanese.
(3) þ‘hamajaynec‘vac
NEG.‘agree’. CAUS. PASS. RES.PTCP
ࠕྠពࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸭ྠពࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖ
These are a few examples to show that Armenian language does shows some unique andmysterious features compared to all the other IE languages and a thorough investigationis needed.
3. Noun-modifying clause constructions
The main interest of this study is, interpretability of pragmatic gaps in Armenian andJapanese Noun Modifying Clause Constructions. As it was mentioned above, NMCCs

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have been a topic of cross-linguistic investigations for a long time. These investigations
lead to a mindset in linguistic typology that European and Asian languages have distinct
types of NMCCs and can be divided into two linguistic groups. Comrie (1996, 2002)
broadly classifies RCs of the world languages into European type and Asian type.
European type RCs are those in which relations between head nouns and modifierclauses are defined syntactically. Asian type RCs are the ones in which the relationshipbetween head nouns and modifier clauses is determined by pragmatic factors. English isa typical example of the European type and Japanese is a typical example of the Asiantype (Other languages: Korean, Chinese, Ainu, Dravidian, Turkish languages (excluding
Turkish)). Matsumoto (1997) suggested that many East and South East Asian languages
have been found to possess General Noun Modifying Clause Constructions (GNMCCs).
GNMCC is a single noun-modifying construction covering a wide range ofinterpretations including, but not limited to a “relative clause” interpretation, as shownin Japanese example (4).
(4) [㢌ࡀⰋࡃ࡞ࡿ] ᮏ‘the book (by reading which one’s) head gets better’(Matsumoto 1997)
3.1 Armenian NMCCs
Armenian, is an interesting case in point as it possesses not only “European”- type finite
clause constructions, such as (5)Finite RCs (=European type)(5) Erexaner-ԥ,voronk‘
child.PL.DEF who-Pl
aveli
More

banjareáen
vegetable

šat
a lot

en
are

utum,
eat=PRES.PTCP

a৘oáj
en.
healthy are‘Children who eat vegetables a lot are likely to be more healthy.’
but also, non-finite (participial and infinitival constructions) clause constructions, which
resemble “Asian”-type GNMCCs, such as (6) and (7).
Non-finite RCs (=Asian type)(6) [Aynteá
over therek‫ދ‬n-ac ]sleep-RES.PTCP

táa-n...
boy-the−188−

Interpretability of pragmatic gaps in Armenian and Japanese Noun Modifying Clause Constructions‘the boy sleeping over there’(7) [Inþ‫ ދ‬vor mek-i
du৘-ԥ
someone-GEN
door-thecec-el-u]
hit-INF-GEN

jayn-ԥ.
sound-theǥthe sound of someone knocking at the door’
3.2 Parallels between Japanese and Armenian languages
Similarly, to a Japanese GNMCC (8), which can mean either (8a) or (8b) according to
the world knowledge of the speaker, its Armenian counterpart is subject to twointerpretations as well.
(8) [㔝ᮧࡉࢇࡀ㈙ࡗࡓ] ሙᡤࡣ࡝ࡇ࡛ࡍ࠿ࠋ (Japanese, JP) a. ‘Where is the place (in which) Mr. Nomura bought (something)?’b. ‘Where is the place (which) Mr. Nomura bought?’
㸦Matsumoto 1997: 42;modified㸧(8’) [Paron Nomu৘a-yi
gn-ac]
vayr-ԥ
orteá Ɲ? (Armenian, AR)
Mr.
Nomura-GEN buy-PTCP.RES
place-DEF where is‘Where is the place {in which/which} Mr. Nomura bought.’
To understand better how world knowledge influences the meaning of the sentence we
can consider examples (9a) and (9b).
(9) a. [[࡜ࡶࡕࡷࢇࡀ㈙ࡗࡓ]ᗑ]ࡣ࡝ࡇࠋ
‘Where is the store (in which) little Tomo bought ( )?’b. [[ࢻࢼࣝࢻ࣭ࢺࣛࣥࣉࡀ㈙ࡗࡓ]ᗑ]ࡣ࡝ࡇࠋ
‘Where is the store (which) Donald Trump bought?’
Matsumoto㸦1997㸧(10) a. [[P‫ދ‬ok‫ދ‬riklittleTomo-yignႀac]

xanut‫ދ‬-ԥ]

Tomo-GEN

buy-PTCP.RES shop-DEF

orteá

Ɲ?

where

is

‘Where is the store (in which) little Tomo bought ( )?’b. [[DonaldT‫ދ‬ramp‫ދ‬-ign-ac]
 xanut‫ދ‬-ԥ]
Donald Tramp-GEN buy-PTCP.RES shop-DEF‘Where is the store (which) Donald Trump bought?’

orteá  Ɲ?
where isThe extent of similarity between Armenian and Japanese constructions is rather striking.
Armenian GNMCCs are deemed acceptable just like their Japanese counterparts when
the head noun can be “causally” or “temporally” connected to the modifying clause by−189−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

pragmatic inference.
“causally” connected GNMCCs(11) … [tarec‫ ދ‬knoj-Č
sep‫ދ‬akan bnakaran-um dažanabar span-el-u]
elderly woman-GEN own
apartment-LOC brutally murder-INF-GEN 
meáadrnak‫ދ‬-ov
datapart-v-elƝc‫ދ‬mahazatazrk-man.
charge-INST   sentence-pass-INF  islife
imprisonment-DAT
https://www.azatutyun.am“...was sentenced to life imprisonment on charges of brutally murdering an elderly
woman in her own apartment.”(12) [erkar tari-ner artasahman-um
long year-PL abroad-LOC

apr-el-u]
ardyunk‫ދ‬-ԥ… (AR)live-INF-GEN result-DEF ‘the result of living/having lived abroad’(12’) [㛗ᖺእᅜ࡟ఫࡴ㸭ఫࢇࡔ]⤖ᯝ… (JP)“temporally” connected GNMCCs
Similarities among two languages can be detected regarding to the rule of the ‘temporalcontinuity’ (Kato 2003) as well. Kato (2003) notes that the difference in acceptability in
two sentences bellow is related to temporal continuity. (13) is possible as there is certain
continuity between the head noun and the modifying clause. While in (13’) we cannot
observe such kind of continuity, as a result, (13’) is unacceptable. This observation is
also true about their Armenian counterparts.
(13) a. [ᚭኪࢆࡋࡓ] ᮅࡣࠊጁ࡟┠ࡀ෪࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡔࠋ
㸦ⓑᕝ 1986: 10)
b. [Amboá‫ۥ‬
gišer art‫ދ‬un mnac‫ދ‬-ac]a৘avot-ԥaþ‫ދ‬k‫ދ‬-er-s


all
night
awake remain-PTCP.REStarǀrinakoren parz en.
weirdly
clear aremorning-DEF eye-PL.my(13’) a. *[ᐮ࠸෤ࡢኪእ࡛㐟ࡧࡍࡂࡓ]⫵⅖b. *[zm৘anc‫ދ‬urtgišer-ԥ
drs-um šatxaáac‫ދ‬-ac]  winter.GEN coldnight-the outside-LOC a lot of play-PTCP.RESt‫ދ‬ok‫ދ‬aborb-ԥ.
pneumonia.DEF
However, despite the parallelism between the two languages, in some cases we can−190−Interpretability of pragmatic gaps in Armenian and Japanese Noun Modifying Clause Constructions

observe some differences in their meanings. One of such cases is the ambiguity related
to the tense interpretation of Armenian sentences, as shown in example (14). As we cansee from its Japanese counterpart, in Armenian sentence (14) the modifying clausecould be interpreted either as temporally preceding or succeeding to the head noun.
(14) [xn‫ۥ‬uyk‫ދ‬-in masnakcұ-el-u]a৘avot-ԥ… (AR)party-DAT participate-INF-GEN morning-DEF(14’) [ࣃ࣮ࢸ࢕࣮࡟ཧຍࡍࡿ㸭ཧຍࡋࡓ]ᮅ…(JP)‘the morning before/after participating in party…’
As we confirmed above, Armenian RCs are mostly acceptable in case of “causally” or“temporally” connected constructions. However, the picture changes when we change
the topic to͆spatially” contiguous GNMCCs.
“spatially” contiguous GNMCCs
These kinds of constructions show least level of acceptability among all kinds. In somecases, it might seem acceptable as in example (15), but as we look closely at themeaning, we can see that these constructions are different from their Japanesecounterparts. In case of (15) the Japanese language could be interpreted as a. or b.,
which have different interpretability regarding time, while the Armenian sentence canonly be interpreted as an intention regarding to the future tense.
(15) Nra

bnakvel-ik‫   ދ‬dimac‫ދ‬i   bnkaranԥ  mek taria৘a‫ۥ‬

he.GEN
live.FUT.PTCP2 front.GEN  apartment one year
veranorogec‫ދ‬in.
reform. AOR.3PL

ago‘A year ago, they reformed the apartment in front of us, that he is planning to live.’(15’) ᙼࡀఫࡴ┠ࡢ๓ࡢ࣐ࣥࢩࣙࣥࡣ୍ᖺ๓࡟ಟ⌮ࡋࡓࠋ

a. ‘A year ago they reformed the apartment in front of us, where he lives.’b. ‘A year ago they repaired the apartment in front of the place he lives.’

However, in some rare cases, with a relatively low level of acceptability, “spatially”
connected relational RCs can also be observed in Armenian language.
(16)? [erexayi
child.GENk‫ދ‬n-el-u]koák‫ދ‬i

sleep-ING-GEN side-GEN−191−

senyakumroom.LOC

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

cnoánern
Ɲink‫ދ‬n-um.
parent.PL.DEF are
sleep-PTCP.PRS‘Parents are sleeping in the room next to their children.’(17)? Nraašxat-el-u
koáki
grasenyak-um
 he/she.GEN work-INF-GEN side-GEN
office.LOC
ašxat-um.
work-PTCP.PRS‘His sister works in the company next to his workplace.’k‫ދ‬uyrnƝsister.DEF is

3.3 Why Genitive Case?
It should be noted, that all relational NMCCs require the genitive case of the infinitivein Armenian. As we know Genitive is a grammatical case used in a variety of languages
primarily to indicate possession and composition. However, as seen in (18) or (19), theusage of the Genitive case is quite broad and it can also be used in phrases to express“time/location and event relationship”, or “causal-event result relationship”, etc.
Time and event relationship㸦18㸧garnan
anjrew 㸦᫓㞵㸧
spring.GEN

rain

Causal-event result relationship㸦19㸧šak‫ދ‬ari
hivandut‫ދ‬yun 㸦㸦◁⢾ࡢ⑓Ẽ㸧⢾ᒀ⑓㸧
sugar.GEN
diseaseHowever, the Genitive case requires some semantic relation between the modifying
clause and the head noun. For example, “spatially” contiguous constructions might
require spatial adjacency. Ex. (21) is acceptable as we can confirm such spatialadjacency, while in (22) the spatial adjacency can not be confirmed, thus it appears
unacceptable.
(21) saridimac‫ދ‬idašt㸦ᒣࡢ๓ࡢ⏿㸧

mountain.GEN front.GEN field(22)*saridimac‫ދ‬isar 㸦ᒣࡢ๓ࡢᒣ㸧
mountain.GEN front.GEN mountain
Infinitive in Armenian is rather an agent noun (denoting action), and it is natural that in
RCs it requires Genitive case. However, it could be assumed that above mentioned−192−

Interpretability of pragmatic gaps in Armenian and Japanese Noun Modifying Clause Constructions

semantic features of Genitive case affect the acceptability of infinitival constructions as
well. That is, “spatial” infinitival constructions can be acceptable in case of spatiallyadjacent phrases (ex. 23), but cannot be so when such adjacency is not confirmed (ex.
24).
(23) [xanut‫ދ‬gn-al-u]
shop
go-INF-GENࠕ[ᗑ࡟⾜ࡃ] ㏵୰࡛…ࠖ
(24) *[xanut‫ދ‬shop

gn-al-ukeshalfþanaparh-in …
way-DAT.DEF]  dimac‫ދ‬-i

poáoc‫ދ‬-um …

go-INF-GEN

front.GEN

street-LOC

ࠕ[ᗑ࡟⾜ࡃ] ๓ࡢ㐨࡛…ࠖ
4. Conclusion
In this study we compared Armenian “non-finite” NMCCs and Japanese NMCCs. It was
found that Armenian NMCCs show similar patterns of acceptability with their Japanesecounterparts when the head noun is “causally” or “temporally” connected to themodifying clause by pragmatic inference. However, the parallelism ends when the headnoun needs to be “spatially” connected to the modifying clause. This indicates that the“spatial” connectivity gaps between the head noun and the modifying clause are harder
to fill by pragmatic inference than the “temporal” or “causal” connectivity gaps. It wasalso concluded that the genitive property of the infinitive in Armenian makes it harder
to fill “spatial” connectivity gaps between the head noun and the modifying clause bypragmatic inference than the “temporal” or “causal” connectivity gaps.
References
Comrie, Bernard (1996) “The Unity of Noun-Modifying Clauses in Asian Languages.”
Pan-Asiatic linguistics: Proceedings of the fourth international symposium on
languages and linguistics, 1077-1088. Salaya, Thailand: Mahidol University at
Salaya.
Comrie, Bernard (2002) “Typology and Language Acquisition: The Case of Relative
Clauses.” In: Ramat, Anna Giacalone (ed.) Typology and Second Language  Acquisition, 19-37. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
ຍ⸨㔜ᗈ (2003) ࠗ᪥ᮏㄒಟ㣭ᵓ㐀ࡢㄒ⏝ㄽⓗ◊✲࠘ᮾி: ࡦࡘࡌ᭩ᡣ.
Matsumoto, Y. (1997) Noun-Modifying Constructions in Japanese: A Frame Semantic
Approach. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

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第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

It versus That as the Subject of English Set Phrases               NAKAMURA Akira              Atomi University

ʽAbstractʾ This article discusses the selection of it versus that as the subject of English set
phrases where either of the two anaphors has a non-nominal antecedent in the preceding context.
Previous literature on the problem is shown to be inadequate, and a new pragmatic prediction is
proposed. The author argues that in the current exchange between speakers A and B, the latter’s
choice of that rather than it to refer to the previous information offered by A could be seen as B’sflouting of Paul Grice’s maxim of quantity, and that this non-observance of the maxim mightcause the use of that to bring out implicatures such as B’s interest, attention, surprise, concern or
empathy as to what A has just said.
ʴKeywordsʵʁit, that, the quantity maxim, flouting, implicature

1. Introductory remarks
The problem this paper will attempt to solve is that of finding a principle that underlines theselection of it versus that as the subject of set phrases. The two examples in (1) are typical cases,in which it or that is the anaphor and the information expressed in the first utterance is theantecedent.
(1) a. ‘Is he coming?’ ‘That depends. He may not have the time.’b. “Do you think you’ll go back to college?” “It all depends. I will if I can afford it.” 1(1a) is from OALD and (1b) from MWCD. The former describes the phrase as ‘that depends | it(all) depends’, and the latter regards it depends as a variant form of that depends. This kind of
explanation suggests that It depends is used in place of That depends in (1a), and It all depends
can be replaced by That all depends in (1b).
The problem to be considered in the present paper, that is, the examination of the choice
between anaphoric it and that is not an unfamiliar one, and it has been treated in several books
or articles, and there are at least two treatises that are entirely devoted to it, i.e. Kamio & Thomas−194−

It versus That as the Subject of English Set Phrases(hereafter K & T) (1999) and Takahashi (2004).
This paper proposes a pragmatic approach to the remaining issues raised through reviewing
K & T (1999) and Takahashi (2004). This pragmatic approach, derived from the quantity maxim
proposed by Grice (1989), might formulate a logical and original conclusion that could resolve
the research questions raised by the examination of the two studies: (i) what does the speaker’s
selection of it versus that communicate to his or her addressee?; (ii) how can we explain
conversation exchanges, such as (1b), where the antecedent, expressed in the first speaker’s
utterance, is immediately followed by the anaphor it used by the second speaker?
The data for the discussion in this paper are mostly dialogue examples which include set
phrases with it or that appearing as entry heads in Spears (2012). However, examples of thefollowing types are not included in the author’s analysis: (i) examples including it or that withnominal antecedents; (ii) examples where it or that requires the hearer to carry out a complex
process of inference to arrive at their antecedents; (iii) examples demonstrating that the hearer
was already aware of the speaker’s information while the speaker imparted that information in
his or her utterance; (iv) examples including formal it; (v) examples including preparatory it.
2. Literature review
This paper restricts its review to K & T (1999) and Takahashi (2004), because the former
discusses the choice between it and that based on related articles published prior to it, and thelatter approaches the issue in reference to the former, and because the two studies approach thematter from different points of view, i.e. a functional linguistic view and a cognitive linguistic
view.
2.1. A functional linguistic analysis: K & T (1999)
K & T (1999) make two claims about the referential properties of it and that. The first claim isthat it refers to information already known and already present in the speaker’s central store ofknowledge while that refers to incoming information which is more peripherally located in the
speaker’s knowledge. The following are two of their examples that illustrate the first claim.
(2) [A rushes into the room excitedly]
A: Guess what! I just won the lottery!
B1: *It’s amazing!
B2: That’s amazing!

    

−195−

(K & T 1999: 291)

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）(3) A: Guess what! I just won the lottery!
B: (Yes,) it’s amazing! I heard about it on the radio, and I’ve invited everyone on the block
to our house for a party!

    

(K & T 1999: 293)

With respect to (2) and (3), K & T explains: ‘… speaker A’s statement is completely novel
information to speaker B; in this context, the response in B1 is quite artificial, whereas B2 is anatural expression of surprise at hearing unexpected news. However, B1, It’s amazing!, could bean acceptable response to the same announcement, in a different context. Imagine that before A
arrives home, B hears the names of today’s lottery winners read over the radio. In this case, A’sstatement is prior knowledge 2 to B at the point when A utters it’. K & T contend that this is thereason why it’s amazing is natural in the discourse in (3)K & T’s second claim is that ‘that narrowly specifies its referent, whereas it refers broadly:
while that points, it evokes’ (p. 296). An example to demonstrate their position is:(4) Sonja was born out of wedlock, but I never revealed a. it / b. that to her. (K & T 1999: 296)
As to example (4), K & T explain: ‘... it in this context refers broadly to a set of related facts andevents: it means something like “that Sonja was born illegitimately, and the whole story of her
mother’s disastrous affair with the Prime Minister, the dangerous international intrigue which
resulted from it, etc.”’
2.2. A Cognitive linguistic analysis: Takahashi (2004)
K & T’s views shown above seem to be defended by Takahashi (2004), who offers three cognitive
linguistic views about the selection of it versus that. His first claim is that it and that have a
different degree of specificity, and that it is more abstract than that. His second claim is that it
refers to the most salient thing in discourse while that refers to a salient thing. One of Takahashi’s
examples is:(5) Luke: Why would I need mouthwash? I brush my teeth twice a day.
Sharon: Sometimes that’s/it’s not enough, especially for people who love garlic as much as
you do.

(Based on Takahashi 2004: 26-27)−196−

It versus That as the Subject of English Set Phrases

Takahashi writes that the choice between it and that is related to the difference in saliency
between it and that. He also remarks that the use of that sometimes emphasizes the action ofbrushing teeth twice a day.
Takahashi’s third claim is that it refers to a thing in the speaker’s short-term memory whilethat refers to a thing in the speaker’s immediate memory. This claim is consistent with that of K
& T (1999).
2.3. Issues remaining unresolved
Examining K & T (1999) and Takahashi (2004) has raised two potential issues. Firstly, although
the two studies have accounted for how information referred to by the use of it or that is processedand stored in the human mind, they have not discussed fully what the speaker’s choice of it orthat communicates to the hearer. Secondly, the two studies’ claims seem to have no application
to cases such as (6)-(15) below,3 in which it is used to refer to newly acquired information. Notethat in these examples, what the first speaker utters is followed immediately by the second
speaker’s response in lieu of pause or delay.
(6) Sally: (smoking a cigarette): Do you mind if I smoke?
Bill: It doesn’t bother me any.

(Spears 2012:110)(7) John: Do you suppose we should report that man to the police?
Jane: No, it isn’t worth it.

(Spears 2012: 111)

(8) Tom: Shall I wrap all this stuff back up?
Mary: No. It’s not worth the trouble. Just stuff it in a paper bag.

(Spears 2012: 111)

(9) Tom: I’m leaving you. Mary and I have decided that we’re in love.
Sue: So, go ahead. It doesn’t matter to me. I don’t care what you do. (Spears 2012: 112)
(10) A: We’ll sell the sofa and buy some comfortable chairs.
B: Great! It sounds like a plan.

(Spears 2012: 112)(11) Sally (lighting a cigarette): Do you mind if I smoke?
Bill: It won’t bother me at all.

(Spears 2012: 112)(12) Bob: Is it okay if I sign us up for the party?
Sally: It works for me.

(Spears 2012: 112)(13) Mary: Do you mind carrying all this up to my apartment?
Tom: It’s no trouble.

(Spears 2012: 115)

(14) John: Can we go to the mountains for a vacation this year?

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日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

Jane: It’s out of the question.

(Spears 2012: 116)(15) Bill: I’m going to take my car to the racetrack and see if I can race against someone.
Sue: It’s your funeral.

(Spears 2012: 118)

In these examples, there seems to be very little time for the second speaker to incorporate theinformation communicated by the first speaker into the second speaker’s central store ofknowledge. Moreover, there seems to be no time for the second speaker to think of a set of facts
or events related to the new information communicated by the first speaker. These two facts areinconsistent with K & T’s two claims.
According to Takahashi’s third claim, the referent of it must be already present in the
speaker’s short-term memory. It seems, however, that in (6)-(15) the second speaker had no time
to store the referent of it in his or her short-term memory. Rather, the second speaker seems tostore it in his or her immediate memory. To deal with these remaining issues, the author presents
a pragmatic perspective in the next section.
3. An alternative pragmatic approach
In exophoric reference the use of that is frequently accompanied by the speaker’s indexing acts
such as gestures of gazing in that direction, whereas using it normally need not involve any suchacts. This corroborates the following inference: in exophoric reference that refers to the thingwhich is unidentifiable by the hearer without the speaker’s indexing acts; it refers to the thingwhich is identifiable by the hearer without such acts.
From this inference, the following prediction seems applicable: in anaphoric reference theuse of that rather than it when referring to the thing which has been already identified by thehearer could be regarded as the flouting of the quantity maxim by Grice (1989) in that the use ofthat is more informative than is necessary for the current context (that is two letters longer thanit, and the former takes a longer time to pronounce than the latter).4
From this prediction, the following proposal could be made: this non-observance of the
maxim might bring out implicatures with the use of that; those implicatures might be thespeaker’s emotional reactions such as interest, surprise, concern, sympathy, anger or satisfaction.
In other words, in anaphoric reference, the speaker uses that when he or she communicates hisor her emotional reaction to the information given by the addressee.

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It versus That as the Subject of English Set Phrases

4. Discussion
This section addresses examples (6)-(15), using the proposal shown in the preceding section. The
set phrases could be semantically grouped into four types:
Type A: the set phrases in (6), (9), (11) and (13), which could be paraphrased as ‘you will
give me no trouble; you can go ahead’.
Type B: the set phrase in (7) and (8), which could be paraphrased as ‘it is worthless to do theaction; don’t bother to do the action’.
Type C: the set phrases in (10) and (12), which could be paraphrased as ‘I agree with you’.
Type D: the set phrase in (14) and (15), which could be paraphrased as ‘no way; I warn youof some danger’.
In Type A phrases, the second speaker might sound indifferent to what the first speakeruttered, or at least they do not seem to convey apparent emotional reactions to what the first
speaker will or wants to do. Therefore, the second speaker’s use of it could be seen as reasonable.
In Type B, like Type A, the second speaker is taken be indifferent to what the first speakerwants to do. This leads to the second speaker’s use of it.
Type C phrases are interpreted to show the second speaker’s interest or agreement. Thus, hisor her choice of That sounds like a plan and That works rather than It sounds like a plan and It
works appears to be reasonable. However, Spears (2012) only lists the it-versions, which implies
that in examples (10) and (12) the second speaker’s reaction to the first speaker’s information is
not strong enough to use that. The same speculation seems to apply to Type D phrases, which
are taken to show the second speaker’s concern or disagreement.
Additional possible support for the author’s discussion might come from the following tableshowing the frequencies of the set phrases in examples (6)-(15) and their that-versions in the
COCA corpus. Note that the set phrases with non-contracted forms as well as those with
contracted forms are listed in the table.
Table 1: COCA frequency research results
type
It-versions
tokensA
It doesn’t bother me any.
0A
It does not bother me any.
0A
It doesn’t bother me at all.
22
A
It does not bother me at all.
1
B
It isn’t worth it.
31

−199−

That-versions
tokensThat doesn’t bother me any.
1
That does not bother me any.
0That doesn’t bother me at all.
9
That does not bother me at all.
1
That isn’t worth it.
4日本語用論学会

B
B
B
B
B
A
A
C
A
A
C
A
A
D
D
D
D

第25 回大会発表論文集

It’s not worth it.
It is not worth it.
It’s not worth the trouble.
It isn’t worth the trouble.
It is not worth the trouble.
It doesn’t matter to me.
It does not matter to me.
It sounds like a plan.
It won’t bother me at all.
It will not bother me at all.
It works for me.
It’s no trouble.
It is no trouble.
It’s out of the question.
It is out of the question.
It’s your funeral.
It is your funeral.

382
20
8
0
1
87
3
3
1
0
109
88
3
93
11
54
0

第18号（2022）

That’s not worth it.
That is not worth it.
That’s not worth the trouble.
That isn’t worth the trouble.
That is not worth the trouble.
That doesn’t matter to me.
That does not matter to me.
That sounds like a plan.
That won’t bother me at all.
That will not bother me at all.
That works for me.
That’s no trouble.
That is no trouble.
That’s out of the question.
That is out of the question.
That’s your funeral.
That is your funeral.

1
2
0
0
0
14
1
27
0
0
100
5
0
76
11
1
1

These frequency data might include examples that have been excluded from the author’s
analysis in this paper (see section 1). Hence, strictly speaking, the figures indicated in the table
might not work satisfactorily to support the discussion of (6)-(15). Even so, the author thinks thatthese data suggests that (i) it rather than that tends to occur in Type A and B phrases; (ii) as toType C, That sounds like a plan rather than It sounds like a plan frequently appears, and It works
and That works are both preferred; (iii) with respect to Type D, It’s (It is) out of the question andThat’s (That is) out of the question are both preferred, but It’s funeral appears much more
frequently than That’s (That is) your funeral. 5
5. Concluding remarks
This paper has proposed a pragmatic prediction which complements K & T (1999) and Takahashi(2004). In short, the author has made the following claim about the pragmatic property of English
that: the speaker’s choice of that rather than it communicates that his or her emotional feelings
are rather strong.
Interestingly enough, K & T give the following example, where it refers to totally new
information.
(16) A: My dog was just bitten by a poisonous snake!
B: I’m sorry to hear it. Will he be all right?

(K & T 1999: 300)

K & T explain: ‘… B unconsciously represents the referent of the pronoun as having been−200−

It versus That as the Subject of English Set Phrases

incorporated into his or her store of knowledge as a means of communicating sincere
involvement in the news which speaker A announces. This constitutes a pragmatically-motivatedfalsification of the actual status of the referent of it, which serves to express B’s solidarity with
A … This property is limited to quasi-idiomatic expressions like I’m glad to hear it or I’m sorry
to hear it…’ (p. 300). This observation is contrastive to the author’s in that K & T regard the useof it as communicating the speaker’s emotions. K & T further claim this pragmatic property of it
is limited to a number of set phrases, which is different from the author’s claim. These points areworth discussing for future work.
Notes
1. The words It and depends are originally italicized.
2. ‘Prior knowledge is typically information which a speaker already has access to before it enters
into the relevant conversational exchange’ (K & T: 1999: 291).
3. In examples (6)-(15), the set phrases are shown in boldface.
4. That carries stress, while it normally does not. Grice (1989: 51) remarks: ‘… stress clearly
does in fact on many occasions make a difference to the speaker’s meaning; indeed it is oneof the elements which help to generate implicatures’.
5. The author cannot speculate why It is funeral seems to be the standard form.
References  
Grice, H. P. 1989. Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Kamio, A. and M. Thomas. 1999. ‘Some Referential Properties of English It and That.’ In A.
Kamio, K. Takami, and S. Kuno (eds.), Function and Structure: In Honor of Susumu Kuno,
289-315. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Spears, R. D. 2012. Common American Phrases in Everyday Contexts: A Detailed Guide toReal-Life Conversation and Small Talk. 3rd ed. New York: McGaw-Hill.
Corpora and dictionaries
COCA: Corpus of Contemporary American English (https://www.english- corpora.org/coca/).
MWCD: Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/).
OALD: Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. 8th ed. 2010. Oxford University Press.

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日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集



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−202−


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−203−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集



第18号（2022）

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−204−


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−205−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）<;?@<;?5@5;:-8<->@5/81? -45348534@5:3<->@5/81!J-8?;K-@;<5/9->75:3
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01

Kana:

hutsuuni watashi kawaasobi de shinu jishin ga aru‘I am confident I will die by playing in the river’

02

Nao :

ehhehehehe ((laugh)) ((putting her hand on her mouth))‘hahaha’

03

Nao :

uso?
‘seriously?’((Kana is putting her hand on her mouth and probably open



−206−


The Use of Overt First-Person Singular Pronouns in Opinion-Negotiation Sequence in Japanese Conversation

her mouth to say something, but nothing is heard/ audible))
04



Nao :

ya watashi sonnna kawaitta koto nai,

‘well I haven’t played in the river that much’8-595:38-/7;21<5?@195/-//1??C;>7?-?-?@>-@13E@;-//;A:@2;>05?-3>1191:@>-@41>
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01

Koga:

are kyushoku igai de tabeta koto nai [yo.
‘(I) haven’t eaten one except at the school lunch.’

02

Kane:

[nai!
‘(I) haven’t’

03

Koga:

ebikuriimu raisu tte.
‘shrimp-cream-rice’

04

Ogat:

un.
‘yeah’

05

Kane:

dokoni ittara kuennoka tteyuu.
‘where the heck can (we) eat (such food)?’

06

Hama:

{laugh}

07

Koga:

ne.
‘right’

−207−日本語用論学会

08

Ogat:

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）



a
‘oh’

09

Koga:

[youshoku nano? nannano mitaina.
‘Is it a western food? Or what?’

10



Ogat:

[ore tsukuttayo.
‘I made it’

11

Kane:

__tsukutta hahahaha‘(you) made it? hahaha’

12

Ogat:

__tsukutta __tsukutta‘I made it’

13

Kane:

e. jibunde?
‘by yourself?’

14

Ogat:

un.
‘yeah’

15Kane:jisakuka
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−213−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

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−215−

日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）?6 C@?;5> >7<9C8 925BNC ?2C5BF1D9?> 9C 3?>C9CD5>D G9D8 D85 @B5C5>D CDE4I /9D8 B5C@53D D?
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−216−

Colloquialization and genre variation: the case of the letʼs construction

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Corpus Analysis of Japanese and Hungarian Negative Emotive
Words from a Discourse Interactional Perspective
Martina Katalin Szabó1,2,3, Naoki Otani1
1

Graduate School of Global Studies, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Tokyo, Japan
2

Institute of Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

3Computational Social Science – Research Center for Educational and Network Studies (CSS-RECENS), Centre
for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
Szabo.Martina@tk.hu
otani@tufs.ac.jp<Abstract>
The main goal of this paper is to uncover the wide range of different uses and pragmatic functions of the so-called
Negative Emotive Words (henceforth NEWs) based on the corpus data of two languages belonging to different
cultures, namely Hungarian and Japanese. NEWs refer to words having a prior negative semantic content, but they
can lose it partly or totally in certain use cases, e.g. En. terribly nice or the party was terrific! (Szabo and Bibok 2019).
To that end, two NEWs have been selected: the Hungarian durva (lit.) ‘harsh’ and the Japanese ᒨᒔᑨ (yabai) (lit.)‘dangerous’. We analyze word-form variations of the two words, including durván of durva and yabe and yabaku of
yabai (Putri 2021). Our investigation demonstrated similarities and differences between the two words, identifying
several features about the Hungarian and Japanese NEWs that had not been known so far.
Keywords: Hungarian, Japanese, Negative emotive words, Politeness Theory, Intensifiers, Interjections
1. Introduction
This paper discusses Negative Emotive Words (henceforth NEWs) that have a prior negative semantic content (ontheir own, i.e. without context). It is known that these words often lose the negative semantic content partly or entirelyin certain use cases, e.g. En. terribly nice or the party was terrific! (Szabo and Bibok 2019). In the literature NEWs aremainly discussed within the group of intensifiers. However, they can have several other meanings and functions aswell (Szabó et al. 2022). For instance, they may express a positive evaluation or the surprise of the speaker, and they

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Corpus Analysis of Japanese and Hungarian Negative Emotive Words from a Discourse Interactional Perspective

may also be used as an interjection. In this paper we attempt to discover the range of different uses and pragmaticfunctions of NEWs in Hungarian and Japanese, on the basis of a corpus analysis. For the investigation, two NEWs
have been selected: the Hungarian durva (lit.) ‘harsh’ and the Japanese ᒨᒔᑨ (yabai) (lit.) ‘dangerous’. We also
analyze word-form variations of the NEWs in question, such as durván of durva and yabe and yabaku of yabai (Putri
2021).
The paper is structured as follows: First, we briefly discuss the relevant literature on the examination ofNEWs, with special regard to studies dealing with NEWs in the Hungarian and Japanese languages. Second, we
present the corpus of the analysis along with the methodology of the corpus processing and annotation procedure.
Third, we show the basic data of the annotation, and the results of the manual analyses. Fourth, we discuss the results
concerning the Hungarian and the Japanese data, and then, from a comparative perspective. Throughout the text,
some observations are made with corpus examples. Lastly, we summarize the main findings of the research work,and then state our intentions on plans for future study.
2. Literature review
Despite the fact that more and more authors have been investigating NEWs (e.g. Dragut and Fellbaum 2014; JingSchmidt 2007; Laczkó 2007; Paradis 2001, 2008; Szabó and Bibok 2019; Szabó et al. 2022; Wierzbicka 2002,
among others), the authors who focus on functions of NEWs other that intensification is just a handful. For instance,
as far as we are aware, only Andor (2011), Szabó (2018), Szabó and Bibok (2019) and Szabó et al. (2022) discuss
the phenomenon when a NEW expresses a positive evaluation of the speaker towards the given information e.g.
brutális alaplap (lit. ‘brutal motherboard’–‘high quality motherboard’) (authors call this usecase polarity shift). In
addition to the intensifier and polarity shifting functions, NEWs may have some other pragmatic function, e.g. in acertain context they express the surprise of the speaker or are used as an interjection (see above, Section 1). However,
we are not aware of any paper that systematically scrutinizes all these functions and uses of NEWs based on a large
language dataset.
There are some studies that analyze the phenomenon in the Hungarian language. They mainly discuss theissue from the viewpoint of semantic development of NEWs over time (e.g. Andor 2017; Varga 2019). Regarding
specifically the word durva in the Hungarian language, to the best of our knowledge, there is only one paper (Andor
2011) that dealt specifically with this NEW, and another that examined this NEW together with other NEWs (Szabó
et al. 2022).
As for Japanese, most of the papers discussing NEWs focus on their historical development, analyze theiracceptability by Japanese speaker groups, or just take note of them as an existing phenomenon in the Japanese

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language, which is especially popular in the language of the younger generation. Some of these papers focus
specifically on the NEW yabai (e.g. Sano 2005; Konno 2015; Putri 2021).
3. The corpus and the methodology of the analysis
For the Hungarian cases, we analyzed the data of HuTongue Corpus, consisting of spontaneous speech texts (Vincze
et al. 2021). The corpus consists of 1,149,457 tokens (without punctuation). For the Japanese cases, the Corpus of
Everyday Japanese Conversation (CEJC corpus, Koiso et al., 2018) was applied, consisting of approximately
2,400,000 tokens. All occurrences of the NEWs in question were filtered out, and we annotated different syntactic,
semantic and pragmatic features of NEWs.
As for syntactic features, we decided whether the NEW in the given example was an adjective, an adverb
or an interjection, i.e. they constituted an utterance by themselves (Ameka 1992; Norrick 2009). Regarding semantics,
we annotated evaluative semantic content, i.e. how the speaker evaluated what he or she said. There were three optionsin this case, namely positive, negative or neutral. We shall refer to this semantic feature here by the term sentimentfrom the research field of computational linguistics instead of a more general linguistic term polarity.1 Besides
sentiment, we annotated other semantic features, such as the exact meaning and function of the given NEW. We
annotated three types: literal or figurative sense, intensifier function and emotive usage. In the latter case, the original
negative semantic content is already bleached and the NEW expresses feelings or impressions of the speaker about
the given piece of information, e.g. A parti Ęrület volt! ‘The party was crazy!’. Then, we scrutinized all the occurrencesfrom a pragmatics point of view. A study that systematically analyzes NEWs from a pragmatic viewpoint was notbeen conducted prior to the current analysis, so we did not have any pragmatic systematization that we could rely on.
Thus, we referred to some pragmatic papers on interaction, with special regard to the Framework of Politeness
Theory2 (Quirk et al. 1985; Östman 1995; Kockelman 2003; Kádár 2017). This part of our analysis was basically
exploratory; we investigated the range of pragmatic functions such as agreement and disagreement, callingsomeone’s attention, a compliment, an evidential marker, an attention marker, etc. (Fraser 2009).
4. Results of the analysis
Firstly, let us review the Hungarian results. The raw frequencies of each form were the following: durva: 213(0.0185%) and durván: 44 (0.0038%). Surprisingly, durva and durván have completely different features in the
Hungarian corpus. The main function of durva is interjection (42.77%) and it does not have an intensifier function atall. Then, both durva and durván mostly have a positive or neutral meaning. In the case of durva, it accounts for
69.64% all together, while durván accounts for 62.92% of the total.

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Corpus Analysis of Japanese and Hungarian Negative Emotive Words from a Discourse Interactional Perspective

Durva has some specific pragmatic function in almost half the cases (47%). For instance, it occurs in anagreeing utterance, expressing agreement and support toward the speaker (1a), or functions as an attention marker
indicating that the listener can understand and follow what was said (1b) (Fraser 2009):(1)

a. –Nem tudtam jobbra fordítani a fejemet. Az nagyon szar volt. ‘I couldn't turn my head to the right. That
was really shit.’–Durva. ‘Crazy.’b. –Ki a „hedonista”? ‘Who is the „hedonist”?’– […]–Habzsolja az életet. ‘The one who really enjoys life.’–Habzsolja az életet? Durva. ‘Really enjoys life? Ok / I see.’In contrast to durva, durván has an intensifier function in most cases (48.14%) and the category “emotive” is lessrepresented here. Durván basically has no special pragmatic function, with two exceptions. When they do, theyoccur in an agreeing, supporting reply or they function as an evidential marker. For the latter, see (2) below.
(2)

Hát igen, ez lenne az alap, csak ez Magyarországon már luxusnak számít, durván. ‘Well yes, it should be abasic thing but in Hungary it is treated as some kind of luxury, really’
As for Japanese, the raw frequencies of each form were the following: yabai: 609 (0.025%), yabe: 37(0.0015%) and yabaku: 57 (0.0024%). The details of the corpus investigation are shown in the table below:
adjective

adverbinterjection

noun

total

yabai

224

0

377

8

609

yabaku

2

32

23

0

57

yabe

0

0

32

0

32

total

226

32

432

8

698

The three forms yabai, yabaku and yabe appear 698 times in total (yabai 609 times, yabaku 57 times and yabe 32
times). They show interesting distribution as to their parts of speech: though yabai and yabe is etymologically

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adjectives and yabaku is an adverbial form of yabai, 62% of the three forms are used as interjections. That is, they do
not modify anything. Rather, they show subjective feelings by the speakers.
Likewise, we found the interesting behaviors as to the sentiment features. Though yabai is originally related
to negative values, reversal of polarity is observed: 15% of the three forms expresses positive evaluation. However,though the polarity of yabai is somehow weakened in some examples, Japanese yabai seems to hold either positiveor negative evaluation at least to some extent. So, even if it intensifies the state illustrated by the modified nouns orverbs, yabai is not a pure intensifier; rather, it always includes the speakers’ subjective evaluation to the modified
objects.
5. Discussion
As we have seen, our findings identified several features on the frequency distribution of each wordform and theirfunctions. In addition, differences in the frequency distribution of these meanings and functions of both the Hungarianand Japanese NEWs were noted.
Regarding the Hungarian data, we found that the wordform without a suffix, i.e. durva is represented in our
corpus approximately five times more often than the suffixed form, i.e. durván. We also saw that durva and durván
have markedly different features and functions. The main function of durva is interjection and this NEW does nothave an intensifier function in the corpus at all. Then, in contrast to durva, durván does not occur as an interjection in
the corpus at all. Our findings also showed that both durva and durván have a positive or neutral meaning in mostcases. In the latter case, namely when the given NEW is neutral, it expresses the extreme nature of the topic or the
surprise of the speaker. We think that the fact that the analyzed words are positive or neutral in most cases reflects thedesemantization of these NEWs, i.e. their prior negative semantic content has already faded a lot.3 We also learned
that durva – in contrast with durván – usually has some specific pragmatic function and it is often used as a positive
politeness marker, i.e. expressing agreement and support towards the speaker, as well as an attention marker. Basedon the markedly different semantic features and syntactic patterning, we argue that both wordforms in question are inan advanced state of semantic-pragmatic development. However, this development has not led to the same result, i.e.
exactly the same semantic-pragmatic function.
Regarding the Japanese data, our discussion can be summarized as follows: First, in the investigation,
Japanese yabai is annotated based on the criteria that was used for the analysis of Hungarian durva. Though thesecriteria are effective for classifying various examples of yabai to some extent, it is necessary to focus on other features
as well in order to capture the characteristics of yabai in more depth. Second, basically, the use of yabai can beclassified into the two types. The first type shows the state of nouns or clauses such as “it is yabai” or “He is yabai.”
The second shows the subjective emotion of speakers such as “I feel ‘yabai’ to something”. The former can be labeled

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Corpus Analysis of Japanese and Hungarian Negative Emotive Words from a Discourse Interactional Perspective

as “objective use” and tends to be realized as adjectives and adverbs, while the latter can be labeled as “subjective use”
and tends to be realized as interjections. Third, positive evaluation of yabai tends to be associated with certain contexts,
such as eating something or complimenting a dog. Fourth, the various pragmatic use of yabai might emerge fromlexicalization of contextual meanings. When yabai co-occurs with certain phrase such as yabai doushiyou or yabai
yabai yabai, its contextual meanings are entrenched in the lexical meaning of yabai, and the pragmatic/contextual
meanings become a part of lexical meaning. Finally, a reduplication of yabai tends to have pragmatic functions. For
example, Yabai, yabai, yabai has a function to ask for suggestions, meaning “what should I do.”As for the features of NEWs from a comparative linguistic perspective, our study showed that NEWs areable to express a range of speaker’s subjective and intersubjective stances in both examined languages, and theyshould be viewed as noteworthy markers of positive politeness (despite this, it is not widely discussed topic in theliterature). We also observed signs of semantic-pragmatic development (bleaching the prior negative semantic
content) of NEWs, as well as the differences in the progress and results of this process. In addition, the change of wordclasses was observed in both datasets. For instance, NEWs can be used as interjections in both languages, indicating
the speaker's emotion, but Japanese yabai and Hungarian durván are mainly used as intensifiers. As far as the maindifferences are concerned, as we mentioned, durva and durván are mostly neutral but yabai is negative in most cases.
Then, yabai tends to be used as an expletive while Hungarian durván tends to be used as an intensifier.
6. Summary
Here, we analyzed the wide range of different usage and functions of Negative Emotive Words (NEWs) based on
corpus data of the Hungarian and Japanese languages. Our findings uncovered several features of the Hungarian andJapanese NEWs (along with the similarities and differences between each examined wordform) that had notencountered so far, as well as similarities and differences between the two languages. Semantic bleaching of meaning,reversal and neutralization of negative semantic content, along with the change of word classes (e.g. interjections andintensifiers) were observed in both languages. Closely connected to all of these, NEWs are able to express a range of
speaker’s subjective and intersubjective stances. At the same time, identified semantic-pragmatic functions andsyntactic patterning highlighted the progress of these NEWs in the semantic-pragmatic development at different
levels. What is more, this development has not led to the same result, even within each language.
In the future, we intend to carry out a more detailed analysis of the pragmatic features of NEWs. In the study,
we plan to especially focus on the semantic and pragmatic development of NEWs over time, utilizing historical
corpora and corpora of other domains as well.

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In pragmatics, polarity is, in essence, the relation between semantic opposites, such as hot-cold (Israel 2004). Since we are interested in theevaluative semantic content, the term sentiment – referring to the evaluative meaning specifically – is more accurate and appropriate here.
2

A speech act can threaten the other’s “negative face,” their wish to be left in peace, or “positive face,” their wish to be appreciated (Kádár 2017).

Politeness comes into existence with the other’s face needs in mind: Inorder to ameliorate the effect of a face threatening act, the speaker will makeuse of negative politeness strategies. What is more, positive politeness strategies express friendliness and solidarity (Daly et al. 2004).
3

NEWs proceed through a desemantization procedure over time, during which they gradually lose their lexical meaning (for more details, see

Szabó et al. 2022).

References
Ameka, F. 1992. "Interjections: the Universal yet Neglected Part of Speech." Journal of Pragmatics 18, 101-118.
Andor, J. 2011. "De durva ez a tema! – Megfigyelések a melléknévi polaritásváltásról." [This is a Damn Topic! –Observations on Polarity Changing of Adjectives] Hungarológiai Évkönyv 12., 33-42.
Andor, J. 2017. "A lexikai fokozás polaritásváltásairól." [On the Polarity Change of Lexical Intensification] In GecsĘ
T. and Szabó M. (eds.) Az ellentét nyelvi és nonverbális kifejezésének lehetĘségei, 11-17. Székesfehérvár–
Budapest: Kodolányi János FĘiskola–Tinta Könyvkiadó.
Daly, N., Holmes, J., Newton, J., Stubbe, M. 2004. "Expletives as Solidarity Signals in FTAs on the Factory Floor."
Journal of Pragmatics 36(5), 945-964.
Dragut, E., Fellbaum, C. 2014. "The Role of Adverbs in Sentiment Analysis." In Frame Semantics in NLP: A
Workshop in Honor of Chuck Fillmore, 38-41. ACL, Baltimore, MD.
Fraser, B. 2009. "An Account of Discourse Markers. " International review of Pragmatics, 1(2), 293-320.
Israel, M. 2004. "The Pragmatics of Polarity. " In Horn, L., Ward, G. (eds.) The Handbook of Pragmatics, 701-723.
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Jing-Schmidt, Z. 2007. "Negativity Bias in Language: A Cognitive-Affective Model of Emotive Intensifiers."
Cognitive Linguistics 18(3), 417-443.
Fraser, B. 2009. "An Account of Discourse Markers." International Review of Pragmatics 1(2), 293-320.
Kádár, D.Z. 2017. Politeness in Pragmatics. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics.
Kockelman, P. 2003. "The Meanings of Interjections in Q’eqchi’ Maya: from Emotive Reaction to Social andDiscursive Action." Current Anthropology 44, 467-490.
Koiso, H., Den, Y., Iseki, Y., Kashino, W., Kawabata, Y., Nishikawa, K. Y., ... & Usuda, Y. (2018). Construction of
the Corpus of Everyday Japanese Conversation: An Interim Report. In Proceedings of the EleventhInternational Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018), 4259-4264.
Konno, H. 2015. "The Grammatical Significance of Private Expression and its Implications for the Three-Tier Modelof Language Use." English Linguistics 32(1), 139-155.
Laczkó M. 2007. "Napjaink tizenéveseinek beszéde szóhasználati jellemzĘk alapján." [The Speech of Today's
Teenagers Based on Word Usage Characteristics] Magyar NyelvĘr 131(2), 173-184.
Norrick, N. R. 2009. "Interjections as Pragmatic Markers." Journal of Pragmatics 41(5), 866-891.
Östman, J.-O. 1995. "Pragmatic Particles Twenty Years After." In Wårvik, B., Tanskanen, S.-K., Hiltunen, R. (eds.)
Organization in Discourse. Proceedings from the Turku Conference, 95-108. University of Turku.
Paradis, C. 2001. "Adjectives and Boundedness." Cognitive Linguistics 12(1), 47-65.
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Paradis, C. 2008. "Configurations, Construals and Change: Expressions of Degree." English Language andLinguistics 12(2), 317-343. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1360674308002645
Partington, A. 1993. "Corpus Evidence of Language Change: The Case of the Intensifier." In Baker, M., Francis, G.,
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Putri, A.A., Haristiani, N. 2021. "Register Analysis on High School Students’ Language in Japanese Manga andAnime." In Fifth International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE
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Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., Svartvik, J. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language.
London: Longman.
Sano, S. 2005. "On the Positive Meaning of the Adjective yabai in Japanese." Sophia Linguistica: Working Papers
in Linguistics (53), 109-130.
Shioda, T. 2003. "Attributive Variation in Popular New Expressions and the Media: ‘-tte-iuka’, ‘yabaku-nai?’ From
the Nationwide Survey on Linguistic Change in the Japanese Language in the Recent Years (1)." The NHK
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Szabó M.K. 2018. A szentimentérték módosulásának a problémája a magyar nyelvĦ szövegek
szentimentelemzésében, különös tekintettel az értékvesztésre és az értékváltásra. [Problems of Sentiment
Analysis on Hungarian Texts, with Particular Regard to Polarity Loss and Polarity Shift] PhD Thesis.
University of Szeged, Doctoral School in Linguistics, Ph.D. Programme in Hungarian Linguistics, Szeged,
Hungary. June 2018. https:// doi.org/10.14232/phd.9976
Szabó M.K., Bibok K. 2019. "Értékvesztésre és értékváltásra képes lexémák újabb vizsgálata." [A novel Analysis of
the Elements that Can Undergo a Loss of Polarity and Polarity Shift] Argumentum 15, 639-649.
Szabó M.K., Vincze V., Bibok K. 2022. "“Thank You for the Terrific Party!” – An Analysis of Hungarian Negative
Emotive Words". Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory. https://doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2022-0013. In press.
Szabó M.K., Dam B., Vincze V. 2023. On the Semantic Development of Negative Emotive Intensifiers in HungarianNews. Manuscript.
Varga M. 2019. Középmagyar kori világi szövegek nyelvtörténeti vizsgálata, különös tekintettel a szövegtani éspragmatikai sajátságokra. [A Historical Linguistic Investigation of Middle Hungarian Secular Texts: Textualand Pragmatic Aspects] PhD Thesis. ELTE, Nyelvtudományi Doktori Iskola.
Vincze V., Üveges I., Szabó M.K., Takács K. 2021. "A magyar beszélt és írott nyelv különbözĘ korpuszainak
morfológiai és szófaji vizsgálata." [Morphological and Phonological Examination of Various Corpora of the
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Historical Pragmatics using State-Space Models1
Akitaka Yamada
a.yamada.hmt@osaka-u.ac.jp

Abstract. In Historical Pragmatics, we cannot easily rely on contemporary speakers’
introspections. Therefore, quantitative examination of frequency tables assumes particularimportance. A commonly used statistical technique is Chi-square analysis. However, thisanalysis has a number of limitations that make it unsuitable for investigating chronological timeseries data. Moreover, too much dependency on Chi-square analysis may result in biased and/or
misleading interpretations. To overcome these shortcomings, this paper recommends the use ofState-Space Models, more specifically, the Bayesian implementation of Dynamic Generalized
Mixed-Effects Models (DGMM). The advantages of these models are demonstrated in two casestudies that examine the variations found in Japanese honorific constructions.
Keywords: Chi-square analysis, State-Space Model, Historical Pragmatics, honorifics

1. Introduction: methodological issues in Historical Pragmatics
Historical Pragmatics is the study of language use in the past, and its development over time —although there are differences in definition between the Anglo-American tradition and theContinental European style (Goossen 1995; Jucker 2008; Taavitsainen and Jucker 2010). Froma methodological perspective, one controversy is whether to study a language by relying solely
on spoken data. In recent literature, however, the clear-cut dichotomy between spoken andwritten language has been challenged, and instead their continuity has been emphasized (Jucker
2008; Taavitsainen and Jucker 2010). Under this reassessment, each piece of writing is now
seen as a mixture of different modes of language, thus laying a theoretical foundation forjustifying the use of written texts in Historical Pragmatics.
However, this does not mean that all methodological issues are settled. A lingering
problem for Historical Pragmatics which, in my view, has not received enough attention is the
choice of quantitative methods. Of course, quantitative studies are not the only research method,and it is not my intent to promote one method over another. But in most cases, practitioners ofHistorical Pragmatics have no choice but to develop their arguments by relying on the frequency
of constructions of their interest; digital corpus archives make this task easy. No one would
deny that statistical methods are useful for fine-grained investigations. Nonetheless, whencompared to other fields of humanities or social sciences (such as economics, psychology, andsociology), advanced statistical methods have not been as widely used. As a result, simplistic
statistical models are blindly utilized to the extent that interpretating the data becomes biased
or even misleading. One such practice is the use of Chi-square analysis.
The purpose of this present study is, therefore, to introduce an underused and advanced
1

There was a typo in the title included in the program: *Space-State ĺ State-Space.

−226−

Historical Pragmatics using State-Space Models

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Table 1 A hypothetical classification table for Chi-square analysis.

statistical model, the State-Space Model, and to embed Historical Pragmatics into the larger
context of Digital Humanities (Blei and Lafferty 2006, McCart 2014). After reviewing thelimitations of descriptive and inferential statistics using Chi-square analysis, this paper presents
the basics of the State-Space Model, and demonstrates how the analysis is applied tochronological data by taking two recent studies of honorifics for our primary examples.
2. Common practices in the literature
2.1. Descriptive statistics
A departure-point of a corpus/philological study is to create a table summarizing the frequencyof the observed constructions (see for example Table 1). It is possible to develop an analysis
that directly interprets the numbers in the table, but this line of descriptive approach has several
disadvantages. First, the interpretation may depend too much on the researcher’s subjective
impression. Second, the table is just a sample of a larger population, the understanding of whichis, in most cases, the ultimate goal of linguistic inquiry.
2.2. Inferential statistics: Chi-square analysis
To overcome these problems, inferential statistics has been developed, which allows us to makean inference about the structure of the population in a less subjective manner. For example, Chisquare analysis can be applied to the data in Table 1 (߯ ଶ ൌ ͷǤͲͺͻ͹, df = 1, p-value = 0.02407).
Under the commonly assumed threshold of ߙ ൌ ͲǤͲͳ , it would be concluded that the null
hypothesis that there is no difference between the two time periods is maintained. In such asetting, one cannot argue for the presence of a language change. Note that, as an elaborate
modification, Fisher’s exact test is utilized for smaller sample sizes (aka Collostructional
Analysis, Gries and Stefanowitsch 2004; Stefanowitsch 2013), but it is essentially the same as
Chi-square analysis in that it applies to data with a discrete classification table.
As common as these tests are, they are not suitable for diachronic corpus studies for atleast the following reasons. First, for Chi-square analysis, we need to categorize the otherwise‘continuous’ time variables into an arbitrary ‘discrete’ set of time periods. In Table 1, thesamples are classified as either occurring before 1951 or after 1950, but this cut-off point iscompletely arbitrary, and the results differ under different cut-off points. For example, by using
two more cut-off points, one could create the results seen in Table 2. Then, when Chi-squareanalysis is applied to these numbers, a very small p-value is obtained (߯ ଶ ൌ ͳ͸Ǥͻͻͻ, df = 3, pvalue = 0.0007), so unlike in our previous table, we could conclude that there was a change inlanguage use, despite the fact that the data itself remains unchanged.
Second, in Chi-square analysis, independent fixed effects variables are notincorporated. The lack of explicit manipulation of independent/confounding variables can resultin a biased interpretation. For example, suppose that Construction A is favored in the past tense−227−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

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Table  Using different cut-off points for the data in Table 1.
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Table 3 A classification table with a larger sample size.

throughout the 20th century, and the relatively large number of uses of Construction A during
1976–2000 in Table 2 is, in fact, not attributed to language change, but to the fact that there aremany more past tense constructions collected than from the other three time periods. Naïve
classification tables such as Table 2 fail to differentiate the effect of such confounding variablesfrom the real chronological change. Thus, we need to explicitly incorporate intra/extralinguistic
variables, whether they are fixed-effects or random-effects factors.
Finally, a large sample size results in a very small p-value, regardless of there being asubstantial difference in population. Unlike in traditional experiments, where human subjects
are recruited and the sample size is often smaller than in corpus linguistics, the data size usedin corpus linguistics is quite large and thus tends to give a smaller p-value, which in turn makes
a Type I error more likely. For example, the ratio in Table 3 is exactly the same as in Table 1.
Nonetheless, due to the large sample size, the null hypothesis is rejected with a small p-value(߯ ଶ ൌ ͷͺǤ͵Ͷʹ, df = 1, p-value = 2.203e-14).
3. State-Space Model
Given the discussion so far, an ideal model for statistical analysis of diachronic language change
should meet the following requirements:(1) Desiderata
a. Track down the ‘continuous’ language shift/change as clearly as possible.
b. Incorporate fixed-effects/random-effects variables — intra-/extralinguistic factors.
c. Deal with the p-value issue by using a large sample size.
The Bayesian estimation of elaborate Dynamic Generalized Mixed-Effects Models (DGMM),
as described below (Hagiwara 2021), is demonstrated to have these desired properties, andhence to be superior to Chi-square analysis in all respects.
3.1. State-Space ModelIn the State-Space Model, observed values at time t are assumed to be generated on the basis of
the latent state at a given time, which is related only to the state at the previous time point. Forሺ௧ሻexample, suppose that the i-th observed value at time t, ‫ݕ‬௜ , is a binary outcome variable,−228−

Historical Pragmatics using State-Space Models

Figure 1 State-Space Model: (Left) Observation equation; (Right) State equation.
ሺ௧ሻrepresenting whether the meaning in question is expressed by Construction A (‫ݕ‬௜ሺ௧ሻConstruction B (‫ݕ‬௜ ൌ ͳሻǤൌ Ͳሻ orIt is assumed that the probability of using Construction B isdetermined by the latent state ߨ ሺ௧ሻ at the given time point. If ߨ ሺ௧ሻ is large, then Construction
B is likely to be pronounced, and if it is small, then Construction A is more likely. Researchers
cannot directly observe every value of ߨ ሺ௧ሻ , and it is a hypothesized construct; for this reason,ሺ௧ሻ

it is called the LATENT STATE. The left panel in Figure 1 captures this relation between ‫ݕ‬௜and ߨ ሺ௧ሻ , and the mathematical formula describing this relation is called the OBSERVATIONEQUATION. In our case, the equation is expressed as follows:ሺ௧ሻ(2) ‫ݕ‬௜‫ ׽‬൫ߨ ሺ௧ሻ ൯

The latent state is, however, not assumed to be stable across time; if it becomes larger,
then Construction B becomes more popular. The right panel in Figure 1 represents the changeof ߨ ሺ௧ሻ , and the formula describing this chronological relation is called the STATE EQUATION.
While there is a degree of freedom regarding how we postulate the relation, a commonly usedmodel is the one with the random-walk structure, as shown in (3). The main objective of theState-Space Model is to estimate the magnitude of each latent state, so we can track down thetrend in time series data.
(3) ߨ ሺ௧ሻ ‫ܰ ׽‬൫ߨ ሺ௧ିଵሻ ǡ ߪ௪ଶ ൯
3.2. Dynamic Generalized Mixed-Effects Model (DGMM)
The aforementioned State-Space Model can be extended by explicitly incorporating intra- andextralinguistic factors. For example, irrespective of the year, Construction B may be preferred
when it is used in the past tense; some predicates are more likely to be used in Construction B,
or Construction B is more easily produced in some genres (sociolinguistic environments). Just
as in the practice of Variation Theory (Cedergren and Sankoff 1974), the presence or absenceof certain linguistic features is coded as a fixed-effect variable, and the idiosyncratic propertyof open-class elements (such as verbs and genres) as a random variable (Yamada 2022a, b). Forሺ௧ሻexample, by taking the i-th observation of the j-th genre at given t, the value of ߨ௜௝ can thenሺ௧ሻ

be modeled as a linear combination of the intercept ߛ଴଴ , the random variable ‫ݑ‬଴௝ , and the−229−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集

ߨ ሺ௧ሻ

第18号（2022）

Constr. B

Constr. A
Figure 2 Posterior distributions for ࣊ሺ࢚ሻ .

fixed-effects term ߚ‫ݔ‬௜ (aka the Dynamic Generalized Mixed-Effects Model or DGMM):
ሺ௧ሻ

ሺ௧ሻ

ଶ ሻ
(4) ߨ௜௝ ൌ ̴ቀߛ଴଴ ൅ ‫ݑ‬଴௝ ൅ ߚ‫ݔ‬௜ ቁ; ‫ݑ‬଴௝ ‫ܰ ׽‬ሺͲǡ ߪ଴଴

In a recent development in computation statistics, estimation becomes fairly easy
within the Bayesian framework; the examples introduced in Section 4 are estimated by Stan on
R (Gelman et al. 2013). For example, Figure 2 shows what the results of DGMM looks like.
Based on the solid line (the posterior median), and the gray-shaded area (the credible intervals),
we can interpret how the probability of Construction B changes. Notice that in DGMM, we donot segment the time points into a set of arbitrary time ranges, thus circumventing the problem
of Chi-square analysis in (1)a. As more clearly shown in Section 4, the posterior distributions
for fixed- and random-effects variables are also calculated (= (1)b), and since the shaded area
captures the uncertainty, researchers can make an inference without resorting to the notorious
p-value (= (1)c), as is done in Frequentist statistics. In this way, the three desiderata in (1) areclearly satisfied. DGMM is superior for diachronic linguistic data in all respects.
4. Case studies
4.1. Case 1: Development of the use of des- in the canonical adjective construction
The honorific allocutivity (i.e., the addressee-honorification system) underwent a significant
change in the 20th century (Kawaguchi 2014); Construction B in (5) became gradually more
popular, making the old variant (Construction A) less common.
(5) a. Construction A: [canonical adj. (i-adj.)] + gozai-mas ‘ADJ-HONU-HONA’
b. Construction B: [canonical adj. (i-adj.)] + des ‘ADJ-HONA’
Yamada (2022a) applied DGMM to the data in CHJ (the Corpus of Historical Japanese),
assuming the structure in (6) for the population, and revealed how the change was affected byseveral extra-/intralinguistic factors.

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Historical Pragmatics using State-Space Models

Figure  Posterior distributions for the fixed effects.

Figure  Posterior distributions for the random effects (i.e., the canonical adjective).
ሺ௧ሻ

ሺ௧ሻ

ሺ௧ሻ

ሺ௧ሻ

ሺ௧ሻ

ሺ௧ሻ

ሺ௧ሻ

ሺ௧ିଵሻ

(6) ‫ݕ‬௜௝ ‫  ׽‬൬̴ቀߚ଴ ൅ ߚଵ ‫ݔ‬ଵ௜ ൅ ߚଶ ‫ݔ‬ଶ௜ ൅ ߚଷ ‫ݔ‬ଷ௜ ൅ ߚସ ‫ݔ‬ସ௜ ൅ ‫ݑ‬଴௝ ቁ൰‫ݑ‬଴௝ ‫ܰ ׽‬ሺͲǡ ߬ ଶ ሻǢ ߚ଴ ‫ܰ ׽‬ቀߚ଴ǡ ߪ఍ଶ ቁሺ௧ሻThe estimated posterior distributions for ߨ ሺ௧ሻ ൌ ̴ ቀߚ଴ ቁ are shown in Figure 2, andthose of the fixed- and random-effects are given in Figures 3 and 4, respectively.
4.2. Case 2: Diachronic alternation between sase-te kure and sase-te moraw
When a speaker describes an event, the execution of which is permitted by an authoritative andhonorable person, one of the applicative constructions in (7) is chosen (Yamada 2022b).
(7) a. Construction A: -sase-te kure (kudasar) ‘-CAUS-CV APPL (APPL.HON)’
b. Construction B: -sase-te moraw (itadak) ‘-CAUS-CV APPL (APPL.HON)’
To reveal the historical change of these constructions, Shiina (2021) conducted a
corpus study using BCCWJ and Aozora Bunko. Applying Chi-square analysis, she concluded
that the non-honorific use of Construction A (-sase-te kure), and the honorific use ofConstruction B became popular in the 20th century.
However, Yamada (2022b), who re-analyzed the Aozora Bunko corpus (the same data
examined by Shiina 2021) points out that the aforementioned generalization is not easy to−231−日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

Constr. B

Constr. A
Figure  Estimated probability of -sase-te moraw over -sase-te kure in Aozora Bunko

Constr. B

Constr. A
Figure  Estimated probability of -sase-te itadak over -sase-te kudasar in Aozora Bunko

Constr. B

Constr. A
Figure  Estimated probability of -sase-te moraw over -sase-te kure in BCCWJJ

Constr. B

Constr. A
Figure 8 Estimated probability of -sase-te itadak over -sase-te kudasar in BCCWJ
WJ

maintain with the estimated results of the parameters of the following Time Series model
assumed for the population (Figures 5 and 6); the subscripts i and j represent the i-th observationሺ௧ሻof the j-th verb and ߛ଴଴ is the intercept for the probability of producing Construction B at t,
which has a random walk structure with variance ߪ௪ଶ ; ‫ݑ‬଴௝ represents the uniqueness of theverb j, and ߚଵ is the coefficient for the honorification.
ሺ௧ሻ

ሺ௧ሻ

ሺ௧ିଵሻ

ଶ ሻ;
ߛ଴଴ ‫ܰ ׽‬ቀߛ଴଴(8) ‫ ݕ‬ሺ௧ሻ ‫  ׽‬൬̴ቀߛ଴଴ ൅ ‫ݑ‬଴௝ ൅ ߚଵ ‫ݔ‬௜௝ ቁ൰; ‫ݑ‬଴௝ ‫ܰ ׽‬ሺͲǡ ߪ଴଴−232−

ǡ ߪ௪ଶ ቁHistorical Pragmatics using State-Space Models

Additionally, Yamada (2022b) examined the data from BCCWJ, and suggested (i) thatthe ratio between -sase-te kure and -sase-te moraw remains stable irrespective of the author’s
birth year; and that (ii) while the use of -sase-te itadak came into use in the 19th century — forthe simple reason that this construction was never utilized in any earlier period — it did not
become popular enough to outnumber the competing construction (-sase-te kudasar) (Figures
7 and 8). In this way, Time Series Analysis enables us to make a finer-grained analysis oflanguage change, which would not be so easy to detect with Chi-square analysis.
References
Blei, D. M. & John D. L. 2006. Dynamic Topic Models. Proceedings of the 23rd International
Conference on Machine Learning, 113-120.
Cedergren, H. J. & Sankoff, D. 1974. Variable Rules: Performance as a Statistical Reflection ofCompetence. Language 50(2). 333–355.
Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B.. Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A. & Rubin, D. B. 2013. Bayesian
Data Analysis [3rd edition]. London: CRC Press.
Goossens, L. 1995. Historical Linguistics. Handbook of Pragmatics: Manual, ed. by J.
Verschueren, J.-O. Östman & J. Blommaert, 323–9. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Gries, S. Th. & A. Stefanowitsch. 2004. Extending Collostructional Analysis: a Corpus-Based
Perspective on ‘Alternations.’ International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 9(1), 97129.
Jucker, A. H. 2008. Historical Pragmatics. Language and Linguistics Compass 2(5), 894-906.
Hagiwara, J. 2021. Time Series Analysis for the State-Space Model with R/Stan. Singapore:
Springer.
Kawaguchi, R. 2014. Teineitai Hiteikei no Barieeshon ni Kansuru Kenkyuu [A Study of
Variations among Negative Polite Forms]. Tokyo: Kuroshio Publishers.
McCart, T. M. 2014. A Statistical Analysis of Witchcraft Accusations in Colonial America: A
Time Series Count Data Analysis. Ph. D. Thesis, Youngstown State University.
Schiffrin, D. 1987. Discourse markers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Shiina, M. 2021. “Saseteitadaku” no Goyooron: Hito wa Naze Tukaitaku Naru no ka [ThePragamtics of “Saseteitadaku”: Why do People Want to Use it?]. Tokyo: Hituzi
Syobo.
Stefanowitsch, A. 2013. Collostructional Analysis. In T. Hoffmann, and G. Trousdale (eds), The
Oxford Handbook of Construction Grammar. 290-306. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Taavitsainen, I. & A. H. Jucker. 2010. Historical Pragmatics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Yamada, A. 2022a. Constructionalization of the Japanese Addressee-Honorification System.
The 23rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Cognitive Linguistics Association. J. F.
Oberlin University. Sep 3-4.
Yamada, A. 2022b. Tekiyokei no Tuuziteki Koubun Koutai: “Saseteitadaku,” “Sasetemorau.”“Sasetekudasaru” and “Sasetekureru” no Sentaku nitaisuru Zyootai Kuukan
Moderu o Motiita Zikeiretu Bunseki [Diachronic Constructional Alternation ofHigh-Applicative Forms: A Time-Series Analysis Using a State-Space Model for
the Choice among “Sasete itadak,” “Sasete moraw,” “Sasete kudasar,” and “Sasetekure”]. Oral Presentation at the 66rd Meeting of the Mathematical LinguisticSociety of Japan. Sep 17, Tokyo, Nihon University.

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録

Appendix日本語用論学会

第25回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）『大会発表論文集』（Proceedings）執筆規定（日本語による発表をされた方用）
第 25 回『大会発表論文集』（Proceedings）（第 18 号）
日本語用論学会では、2005 年度より、毎年の大会で発表された論文をとりまとめ、大会後に、『大会発表論文集』を発行しています。つきましては、大会の「研究発表」、「シンポジウム」、「ワークショップ発表」、「ポスター発表」にて発表されました皆様で、ご投稿を希望される方々は、以下の要領で原稿をご提出ください。なお、投稿を希望されない方は提出不要です。
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共著論文の場合は、著者ごとに「氏名（所属）」の様式にて右揃えで記す。

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＜特にご留意いただきたいこと＞（1）英語の文献と日本語の文献を混在させて、アルファベット順に並べる。

−234−

『大会発表論文集』（Proceedings）執筆規定（2）英語の文献名は、内容語の語頭は大文字、機能語の語頭は小文字とする。
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ｂ．要旨は＜ Abstract ＞とページの左上に記し、行頭をインデントしないこと。
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ｂ．キーワードと本文との間は２行空ける。
原稿のイメージ（1 ページ目）＜共著の場合＞
氏名1（所属）タイトル
氏名

氏名2（所属）所属＜Abstract＞
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・【キーワード】：1、 2、 3、

２．その他の注意事項
ａ．内容は、
大会発表に沿ったものとする。
（この際、タイトルの変更は不可とするが、内容について、発表時のコメントをふまえて修正を加えることは妨げない。）
ｂ．使用言語は、発表言語に合わせて、日本語とする。
ｃ．『プロシーディングズ』に掲載した内容は、さらに発展させて、『語用論研究』に投稿することができる。その場合は、必ず十分な加筆・修正を施すこと。

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日本語用論学会

第25回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

３．原稿の提出方法
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【問い合わせ先】
日本語用論学会 大会総務委員会 発表論文集（プロシーディングズ）担当

村田 和代

proceedings@pragmatics.gr.jp＊投稿に関するお問い合わせは、2023 年 3 月 24 日（金）までにお願いいたします。

−236−

Request for submitting manuscripts for the Proceedings

Request for submitting manuscripts for the Proceedings ofthe 25th Annual Conference of the Pragmatics Society ofJapan（PSJ）（Vol. 18）[For participants who presented papers in English]
Since 2005, the Pragmatics Society of Japan has been publishing presentations
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第25回大会発表論文集第18号（2022）

be preceded by one blank line.
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3. Abstracts:
a. All abstracts should be written in English and should be about 100 words in length.
b. The abstract should appear on the first page of the manuscript, after the title, authorʼsname, and authorʼs affiliation. The abstract should begin with the word ʻ<Abstract>ʼ inthe upper left corner and the first line should not be indented.
4. Keywords:
a. A maximum of 5 keywords should be given below the abstract, preceded by one blankline and【Keywords】
ʻ: ʼ. [Refer to the figure below.]b. Main text should be preceded by two blank lines.
The Image of Your Title Page

<Co-authored paper>

Title
Authorʼs nameAuthorʼs affiliation＜Abstract＞
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・【Keywords】：1, 2, 3,−238−

Name1 (Affiliation)
Name2 (Affiliation)

Request for submitting manuscripts for the Proceedings

2. Other important points
a. Aside from necessary corrections based on comments from the audience at yourpresentation, manuscript contents should be faithful to the content of the presentation
actually given at the Annual Meeting. Especially, you are not allowed to change your paper
title in the proceedings from the one at your presentation.
b. Manuscripts should be written in English (the same language you used at the presentation).
c. Papers in the proceedings can be submitted to Goyoron Kenkyu (Studies in Pragmatics[S/P]) with an appropriate revision.

3. Method of submission
a. Your manuscript (Microsoft Word [doc /docx] or PDF) should be uploaded through “LOG
IN (Mypage)”, on the conference homepage. In case you are an organizer of a workshop,
you are required to collect and submit manuscripts of all the contributors.
b. According to the instruction of submission on “Mypage”, you are asked to give informationon the manuscript as well as authorʼs name and e-mail address.

4. Deadline of submission
Due no later than 23:59 (JST) on Friday, March 31st, 2023
＊Please note that the submission page will be closed after the above deadline and you cannot
submit any paper after that. The Conference Administration Committee will consider thatnot submitting your manuscript by the deadline is equal to you not willing to contribute to
the proceedings. We appreciate your kind understanding.
＊If you have any inquiries or concerns, please contact us at the following address by no later
than Friday, March 24th, 2023:
proceedings@pragmatics.gr.jp（Kazuyo MURATA）−239−

Proceedings of the 25th Conference of the Pragmatics Society of Japan

編集後記『日本語用論学会

第25 回大会発表論文集』第18号をお届けいたします。日本語用論学会

では、2005年度より年次大会でのご発表内容を論文集としてとりまとめ、大会後に発行しております。今号では、シンポジウム3件、研究発表27件（日本語発表23件、英語発表7件）、
合計30件のご寄稿をいただきました。 第26回大会後は『日本語用論学会

第26回大会発表

論文集』第19号を発行する予定でございますので、どうぞご期待ください。

＊従来、巻末に掲載しておりました 日本語用論学会規約 は、紙面削減のため、割愛させていただきました。学会サイト（http://www.pragmatics.gr.jp）をご覧ください。

（『大会発表論文集』編集担当

日本語用論学会

第25回大会発表論文集

大志民彩加・中馬隼人・八木橋宏勇）

第18号（2022）（Proceedings of the 25th Conference of the Pragmatics Society of Japan）
発

行

日

2023年8月31日

代

表

者

滝浦

編集・発行

真人

日本語用論学会

事務局（The Pragmatics Society of Japan）〒560-0043 大阪府豊中市待兼山町1-8
大阪大学大学院人文学研究科言語文化学専攻
秦かおり 研究室内

E-mail:印

secretary@pragmatics.gr.jp

刷 （株）田中プリント〒600-8047

京都市下京区松原通麸屋町東入ル677-2

TEL：075-343-0006

FAX：075-341-4476

PSJⓒ日本語用論学会