はじめに英語が国際語であることは誰も否定できません。にもかかわらず、英語ができればどのような利点があるのかと聞かれて、即答できる日本人の若者は意外と少ないようです。「グローバル化」「国際化」などの言葉が氾濫していて、英語ができれば何となく就職に有利になりそうだとは感じているものの、国際語である英語を習得すれば自己にどのような益があるのかは明確に掴めていないようです。
本書は、国際語である英語を駆使して、国際舞台で活躍している様々な国の人を採り上げています。また、多様な文化的背景をもつ人とのビジネスを成功させるには、英語だけではなく文化を理解することも大切であることを実感した人々からのアドバイスも掲載しています。さらに、英語で他文化の人とコミュニケーションを図れば、習得できるものが多々あることも具体例を挙げて述べています。英語圏の人だけでなく世界の多様な人々と意思疎通が図れれば、国際的な視野に立って幅広い選択肢の中からあなたに合った生き方を探索することが可能になり、活躍の場が広がることを確信できるでしょう。
本書で取り上げている様々な意見の中には、あなた自身の意見とは異なる考え方もあることと思います。そのような場合には、自分の意見を整理し、異なる考えの人々とどのように意見交換ができるかを考えていただければと思います。各章の Group Activity や FurtherActivity の練習を活用して、自分の意見を発信する力を身につけましょう。学生の皆さん一人一人が自己に適した目標を見つけ、異文化への理解を深めながら、国際語である英語の学習に意欲的に取り組むことを切に願っています。
著者

■ 本書の特徴と効果的な使い方 ■本書は、国際語である英語を習得すると自己にどんな益があるのかを明確にしています。
漠然と英語を学習するのと、具体的な利点を実感しながら学習するのとでは学習意欲におのずと差が現れてくるでしょう。また、グローバル社会で多様な文化的背景をもった人々と建設的な人間関係を構築したり、ビジネスを成功させたりするには、英語だけではなく異文化理解が大切であることにも重点を置いています。各章の練習問題は、Reading Comprehension、Word Variations、Listening、GroupActivity (Pair Activity)、Further Activity から成り立っています。多様な練習問題を通して、英語力を効率よく身に付けられる構成になっています。

Reading Comprehension4 つの選択肢の中から最も適した解答を選択して、本文の大意が正確に把握できているかを確認します。

Word Variations本文と関連した単語や表現を採り上げている練習問題を通して、語彙の増強を目指します。日本人学生に特に注意して欲しい項目を最後にまとめていますから、特に注意して読みましょう。

Listening本文の内容の要約を聴き取り、空欄を補充することによって、再度内容を確認しましょう。

Group Activity と Pair Activity＊ Group Activity と Pair Activity を各章交互に用意しています。
グループ活動と、パートナーと 2 人の活動を交互に採り入れています。グループ活動は、本文と関連した話題を採り上げて話し合うように設定されています。グループの他の人の意見を聞いて、同じ話題でも異なる捉え方があることを実感しましょう。また、パートナーと会話の練習をして、実際に使えそうな表現を定着させましょう。

Further Activityグループで話し合ったことを参考にしながら、与えられたテーマについて自分の意見をまとめてみましょう。あるいは、会話で聴いたことと関連するテーマで、パートナーと話し合ってみましょう。

Contents

Chapter 1

English as an International Language _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6国際語としての英語

Chapter 2

The Beneﬁts of Bicultural People _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 つの文化を理解している人の利点

Chapter 3

Japanese perspectives _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14日本人の物の見方

Chapter 4

People’s Needs _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18人々のニーズ

Chapter 5

Creative Jobs (1) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22創造的な仕事（1）Chapter 6

Creative Jobs (2) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26創造的な仕事（2）Chapter 7

Gaps between Reality and Ideals _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30現実と理想の溝

Chapter 8

Various Reactions to Money _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34金銭に対する種々の反応

Chapter 9

Getting out of an Uneventful Life _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38安穏な生活からの脱皮

Chapter 10

Skills for Immediate Responses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42即答術

Chapter 11

Distinctive Responses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46個性的な応答

Chapter 12

British and American Styles of Communication _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 50イギリス式とアメリカ式コミュニケーション

Chapter 13

British and American Humor _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54イギリス人とアメリカ人のユーモア

Chapter 14Different Perspectives _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58異なる視点

Chapter 15

Ways to Overcome Historical Problems _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62歴史上の問題を乗り越える道

付録

Nobel Lecture by Malala Yousafzai (Oslo, 10 December 2014) _ _ _ _ 662014 年ノーベル平和賞受賞者マララ・ユスフザイ受賞スピーチ

Chapter

1

English as an International Language国際語としての英語英語が国際語であることを、プライドの高いフランス人をはじめとするヨーロッパ人はどのように捉えているのでしょうか。

016 |Quite a while has passed since English has been recognizedas an international language. France was once very criticalof this trend and attempted to maintain French inﬂuence byinvesting a large amount of money promoting French cultureto the world. However, even France couldn’t resist the trendof the times. French people aiming for success in the businessworld are working hard on acquiring English asan international business language. The Frenchpeople I came across in the United Kingdomdidn’t hesitate to mention the need of learningEnglish: for instance, “I’m a salesperson. Inorder to promote sales, I have to explain theproducts in English, so I’ve put a lot of effortinto acquiring English;” and “I’m an engineer. If I can speakEnglish well, I’ll be highly paid. So I’m taking an intensiveEnglish course here.”Needless to say, it is truer of other European nationalitiesthat are in a less advantageous position than French people. “I’mSpanish. Spain has a lot of beaches and discos. Spanish peoplein general focus on immediate pleasure, and don’t worry abouttomorrow. They act on impulse, but I personally like to makeplans. In the future I’m hoping to import vegetables and fruitfrom African countries, and export them to European countries.
In order to achieve this aim, English is essential. So I’ve keptlearning English.”Another Spanish person mentioned another reason whysome people learn English. “Recently the unemployment ratehas become higher, giving people no other choice but to work

Notes

resist ～に抵抗する

other Europeannationalities他のヨーロッパの人々

immediate 目先のact on impulse衝動的に行動する

essential 必須のunemployment rate失業率hard. My friends and I are exploring ways to ﬁnd employmentby learning English as an international language. Some Spanishpeople go to former colonized countries in Central and SouthAmerica to work because they can communicate in Spanish.
However, we consider the past history of exploitation there anddon’t want to go to Central and South America.”Also, an Italian stated, “Italians are often said to be lazy,but it was true only in the past.” Italians who want to achievesuccess in the business world learn English and conducttransactions with various nationalities in English.
Whether people like it or not, English as an internationallanguage will play a more and more important role in thebusiness world from now on. This view is shared by themajority of Europeans. It would be wise for not only Europeansbut also Japanese people to adjust themselves to the trend ofthe times.
(406 words)

explore ～を模索するformer colonizedcountries 旧植民地国exploitation 搾取

transactions 取引view 見解adjust themselves to～に順応する

Reading ComprehensionQuestions are based on the content of the text. Choose the best answer.

1. What did French politicians once spend much money on?
Ⓐ They spent it on the development of technology in France.
Ⓑ They spent it on foreign language education in France.
Ⓒ They spent it on promoting French culture abroad.
Ⓓ They spent it on the understanding of foreign cultures.
2. What is a true statement of the French business people?
Ⓐ They are so proud of their own language that they don’t try to learn English.
Ⓑ They still insist that French should be an international language.
Ⓒ They hire interpreters who can speak English when necessary.
Ⓓ They have begun to learn English in order to succeed in the business world.
3. What is an accurate description of the ﬁrst Spanish person?
Ⓐ He focuses on immediate pleasure just like other Spanish people.
Ⓑ He likes to make plans for the future, unlike other Spanish people.
Ⓒ He likes to spend his time on beaches and discos with his friends.
Ⓓ He likes to spend his time on beaches by himself.

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4. What is the point of the Italian statement?
Ⓐ Italians are often criticized for being lazy, but it is not valid any longer.
Ⓑ	Italians are often criticized for being lazy, but it is based on culturalmisunderstandings.
Ⓒ People don’t recognize the fact that Italians are more diligent than other Europeans.
Ⓓ People aren’t aware that Northern Italians are different from Southern Italians.
5. What can the majority of Europeans share?
Ⓐ Another language will replace English in the near future.
Ⓑ English and French will be international languages.
Ⓒ English will continue to be an international language.
Ⓓ Many nationalities will be able to speak foreign languages.
Word Variations

Nouns（名詞）

Choose the best answer as a synonym of the word(s) given in the bracket.

1. Many Europeans use English when doing business with otherⒶ nationalists Ⓑ nationalities Ⓒ natives Ⓓ natures. (peoples)2. Spanish people in general focus on immediate. (amusement)Ⓐ pleasure Ⓑ present Ⓒ preparation Ⓓ progress3. Recently however, the highrate has changed their attitude. (no jobs)Ⓐ underline Ⓑ unity Ⓒ underdogⒹ unemployment4. They have no otherbut to work hard. (way)Ⓐ selection Ⓑ decision Ⓒ choice Ⓓ division5. They have to do so in order to ﬁnd. (jobs)Ⓐ employees Ⓑ employers Ⓒ employmentⒹ empresses単語の覚え方関連する言葉はまとめて覚えると記憶に残り易いものです。employment（雇用）を覚える際、employ（～を雇用する）、employees（従業員）、employers（雇用主）も一緒に覚えましょう。
更にその逆の unemployment（ 失業）、unemployment rate（失業率）も同時に確認しておきましょう。これらはいずれも TOEIC に頻出する単語です。TOEIC などの試験対策として語彙を学習する際も関連語に注目すると効果的です。
SummaryListeningThe following is a summary of the text. Fill in the blanks.
028 |

1.

the fact that English is an international language.

2. Even French peopleinternational language.

to learn English as an

3. Recently the high unemployment rate in Spain.

4. Spanish people who don’t want to go to former colonized countriesby learning English.
5. English isamong Europeans in the future.

▶▶フランス人とのビジネスインタビューこぼれ話

外国人とビジネスする際、相手の文化を理解し、相手に適した対応をすることがビジネスを円滑に進めるコツです。フランス人とビジネス経験のある日本人が次のように語りました。「最近のフランス人ビジネスマンは英語が話せ、英語でコミュニケーションが図れるのはいいのですが、夏に長期休暇を取るので困ります。連絡を取ろうとしても、『担当者は長期休暇を取っている』『私は担当者ではないので分からない』などと当然のように応答されます。」過去から学んだ教訓は、事前に担当者がいつ長期休暇に入るかを確認し、それまでに必ず仕事を終えてもらう約束を取り付けることだ、とのことです。

Group ActivityRecall an incident when you wished you could speak English well, and share itwith other members in your group. Use either English or Japanese based on yourinstructor’s guidelines.
「英語が上手に話せればいいのにな」と思った出来事をグループで話し合ってみましょう。先生の指示に従って英語か日本語を用いましょう。

ex.
1. Have you ever been asked for assistance by a foreign tourist on the street or a train?
2. Have you ever spoken to an international student on the campus in English?

Further ActivityOrganize your ideas about the advantages of having a good command of Englishwhen ﬁnding employment.
英語ができる場合の就職の際の利点について、意見をまとめてみましょう。

記入欄| 9Chapter

2

The Beneﬁts of Bicultural People2 つの文化を理解している人の利点2 つの文化を理解している人は、グローバル社会でどのように有利なのでしょうか。
Notes03

Bicultural people can have an advantage over monoculturalpeople in the global community. Then, how can they expandtheir opportunities to display their ability?
A Mexican man living in the United States said, “I usedto work for the government in Mexico. I found a better joband decided to immigrate to the United States. I work at alarge insurance company, and provide Hispanic clients withinsurance.” He recognized that Mexicans and other Hispanicsvalue personal relationships more than Anglo-Americans. Hecommunicated with his clients in Spanish, and treated them asif they were friends. Then, his reputation spread by word ofmouth in the Hispanic communities. He succeeded in attractingmany clients to contracts compared with his Americancolleagues. That led to a remarkable increase in the number ofclients, and he got a promotion.
A Japanese-American has adjusted her communicationstyles depending on the other person; that is, whether theperson is Japanese or American. That brought her various jobopportunities. “Executives in the United States have to takepart in seminars about how to avoid sexual harassment everyyear. When writing letters to American companies, I justfocus on business matters. Otherwise, they wouldn’t read theletters. When I send the same letters to Japanese companies,however, I start with apologetic expressions such as ‘I’m sorryto interrupt your tight schedule.’ If I just write about businessmatters, they will regard it as impolite.” Also, when eventsare held in the United States, I try not only to help plan eventsbut also to give advice after taking cultural differences into

10 |bicultural ２つの文化を理解しているhave an advantage有利な立場に立つ

monocultural １つの文化しか理解していない

immigrate 移住するinsurance company保険会社

Hispanicラテンアメリカ系のAnglo-Americansヨーロッパ系アメリカ人

reputation 評判by word of mouth口コミでcolleagues 同僚promotion 昇進

executives 重役sexual harassmentセクハラ

apologetic expressions謝罪表現

impolite 失礼なconsideration. For instance, I urge Japanese companies to takeall letters and receipts with them for events so that they won’tincur additional charges. American colleagues take the measurefor granted, and they don’t offer it as cultural advice.
The above people can clearly recognize what monoculturalpeople can never see. By utilizing this special skill, they canbeneﬁt from their ability. Bilingual people have been highlyregarded up to now. In the future, people with biculturalbackgrounds will play a prominent role in global business.

incur additionalcharges 追加料金を請求される

measure 対策be highly regardedもてはやされる

prominent 際立った(351 words)Reading ComprehensionQuestions are based on the content of the text. Choose the best answer.

1. Why did the Mexican man decide to live in the United States?
Ⓐ He found better employment.
Ⓑ He wanted to lead a luxurious life.
Ⓒ He considered his children’s education.
Ⓓ He had many American friends.
2. What does the Mexican statement imply?
Ⓐ	Hispanics are more efﬁcient in business thanAnglo-Americans.
Ⓑ Hispanics cherish human relationships more than Anglo-Americans.
Ⓒ Hispanics value written contracts more than Anglo-Americans.
Ⓓ Hispanics are more ambitious than Anglo-Americans.
3. What is an accurate description of the Japanese-American?
Ⓐ She personally prefers the American style because it is more efﬁcient.
Ⓑ She personally prefers the Japanese style because it is more polite.
Ⓒ She can use her communication styles properly.
Ⓓ She needs to practice written Japanese more.
4. What expressions does the Japanese-American often use in communication withJapanese?
Ⓐ Expressions for showing happiness.
Ⓑ Expressions for showing gratitude.
Ⓒ Expressions for showing regret.
Ⓓ Expressions for showing apologies.
5. Why can’t American colleagues give appropriate advice to Japanese companies?
Ⓐ They don’t recognize that all letters and receipts are important.

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Ⓑ They don’t think Japanese companies should prepare all letters and receipts.
Ⓒ They can’t grasp what advice is culturally necessary for Japanese companies.
Ⓓ They know that each company has different policies.

Word Variations

Adjectives（形容詞）

Choose the best answer as a synonym of the word(s) given in the bracket.

1. A seminar about how to avoidⒶ sexualⒷ sentimental

harassment is held every year. (related to gender)Ⓒ spiritualⒹ power

2. At events in the United States,receipts. (extra)Ⓐ adequateⒷ additionalcharges may be requested if you don’t haveⒸ assistantⒹ advanced

3. Japanese often say, “I’m sorry to interrupt yourⒶ hardⒷ highⒸ tightⒹ muchschedule.” (heavy)

4. If you just write about business matters, it will be considered as(impolite)Ⓐ roughⒷ roundⒸ rudeⒹ loyal5. Many people ﬁnd advice from bicultural peopleⒶ helpfulⒷ handyⒸ handfulⒹ hasty

by Japanese.

. (useful)

和製英語に注意和製英語の「セクハラ」「パワハラ」がニュースでよく使われていますが、どちらも日本人が短縮した形でそのままでは英語圏の人に伝わりません。“sexual harassment”（女性に対するいやがらせ）、“power harassment”（ 権力を濫用したいやがらせ）と英語では総て言わなければなりません。この短縮形を用いる傾向は他にも見られ、「コンビニ」、「リストラ」は、“convenience store”、“restructuring”と言う必要があります。

ListeningThe following is a summary of the text. Fill in the blanks.
04

1. Bicultural people are in apeople in the global community.
2. The Mexican is3. The Mexican

than monoculturaltreat Hispanic clients.
the number of clients.

4. The Japanese-American candepending on the situation.
5. Bicultural people are expected to12 |in business.

▶▶ヒスパニック系の人とのビジネスインタビューこぼれ話

ヒスパニック系の人とビジネス経験のある日本人が次のように語りました。「ヒスパニック系の人は効率より人間関係を重んじるので、いきなり商談を始めると失敗します。挨拶言葉に時間を掛けたり、スポーツや音楽の話題を続けたりしますが、彼らにとってはその時間も商談同様に大切なのです。」日頃からスポーツ・音楽などにも関心をもち、相手が提供した話題に興味を示すことが肝要だ、とのことです。

Pair ActivityListen to the following conversation and have pair conversation practice.以下の会話を聞いて、パートナーと会話練習をしましょう。

(A: American, J: Japanese)05

A : The other day I had an appointment to meet a Japanese friend at 2. I arrived at theappointed place at 1:50, and she showed up 5 minutes later than me. I was surprisedto hear her say, “I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.”J : If you were put in her place, what would you say?
A : I would say, “Oh, you’re early” or “Thank you for waiting.”J : You think that Japanese people use “I’m sorry” too much, don’t you?
Further ActivityDo you personally think that Japanese people use “I’m sorry” too much?
incident when you said, “I’m sorry,” and talk about it with your partner.

Recall an

あなたは日本人が「すみません」を使い過ぎだと思いますか。「すみません」と言った出来事を思い出し、パートナーと話し合ってみましょう。

記入欄| 13