6The language of physics 物理の言語の特徴を理解しよう

if は条件として「不確実な未来の状態や動作」を表す。
when は「確実性の高い未来の出来事」を表す。
例1

When we talk about static electricity, we are referring to electrons that aretransferred from one place to another without flowing in a current.
例2

However, if the wire is looped in a circular manner to form a helix, themagnetic effect of current will increase.
例3

Spotting Vampire Electronics

Do electrical appliances still use
electricity when they are turned off?
Yes, they do! For example, when anappliance has a LED or clock display, it
will still be using power even if theappliance isn’t turned on. This might be
one watt of power. One watt may notsound like a lot, but if you have 20+
electrical appliances in your home using
just 1 watt of power, that’s 20 watts
being used!

Many devices constantly draw power while
plugged in, which can quickly add up on
monthly electric bills. Keep an eye out for thefollowing clues as to what should be unplugged
when not in use.
External power
supplies:
Computers,
printers
Remotecontrols:
Window AC units,
TVs, DVD players
Digital displays:
washingmachines,
microwaves, VCRs
Rechargeable
batteries: Batterycharges, cordlesstelephones, power
tools

Think Read Science topics 1 and 2 again. Underline the uses of when and if.

40

Unit 6_p36-41（3刷）.indd

402022/03/09

8:31:10

6

The language of chemistry 化学の言語の特徴を理解しよう

受動態（be＋過去分詞）は、事実や結果に焦点を置き、順序を明確にするのに都合がよい。
例1

A pure liquid can be separated from a mixture of liquids in a solution by
fractional distillation.
例2

The crude oil is boiled and evaporated, and its vapors can condense atdifferent temperatures in the fractionating column.

(Science topic 1)

例3

Because of dead birds and spilled oil, water sports, fishing and other outdoor
activities cannot be enjoyed.

(Science topic 2)

例4

The success of a distillation can be evaluated by collecting temperature andspectroscopic data as the fractions are being separated.
例5

Distillation is commonly used to separate ethanol – the alcohol in alcoholic
drinks – from water.

Think Read Science topics 1 and 2 and find passive voice expressions.

Underline them and think how they are used.

52

Unit 8_p48-53（3刷）.indd

522022/03/09

8:32:06

125051
2-20

Science topic 2 読んで考えよう

Electromagnetic waves and radiation 電磁波と放射線
Think What color of light has the most energy?

Electromagnetic waves arefields. The two fields are oriented

Mathvibrations of electric and magnetic

Magnetic ﬁeld
Sourceperpendicular to each other, andperpendicular to both of thePhysics

the wave travels in a direction

Direction

Electric ﬁeld

fields. Electromagnetic waves canChemistrytravel through a vacuum at the speed of light.
The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves is called ‘electromagnetic
radiation’. Electromagnetic radiation comes in many forms that our eyes cannot
see including X-rays, ultraviolet (UV) and gamma rays, and it can be describedby frequency, wavelength or energy. Lower-energy radiation, such as radio

Storywaves and microwaves, is usually represented as frequency. Microwaves,infrared (IR) light, visible light and UV light are often expressed as wavelength.
And higher-energy radiation, such as gamma rays and X-rays, is also commonly
considered as energy. The energy of an electromagnetic wave is directly
proportional to its frequency and inversely proportional to its wavelength. The
higher energy the wave has, the higher frequency and the shorter wavelength ithas. Given this relationship, you can understand what color of visible light has
the most energy.
gamma rayultraviolet
X-ray

shorter wavelength
higher frequency
higher energy

visibleinfraredradio
microwave
longer wavelength
lower frequency
lower energy

electric field 電場 magnetic field 磁場 perpendicular to ～に垂直な vacuum 真空 infrared
赤外線 visible light 可視光線
proportional 比例の75

Unit 12_p72-77（3刷）.indd75

2022/03/09

8:32:40

4Science quiz できるかな？

1) Integration and differentiation are inverses of each other.
a) True   b) False
2) ∫ dx = C is a correct formula.
a) True   b) False
3) Although x = a is a critical point for f(x), f(x) does not necessarily have a local
minimum or local maximum at x = a.
a) True   b) False
4) Which is a maximum value of y = x3 − 3x?
a) (-2, -2)   b) (-1, 2)   c) (1, -2)   d) (2, 2)5) The integral of y = 2x is.

a) 2   b) 4   c) x   d) x2
6) The derivative of 2x + 4 is.

a) 2   b) 4   c) x   d) x27) For the function x2, the slope at x = 1 is 2 and the slope at x = 5 is.

a) 2   b) 4   c) 10   d) 258) The gradient of the curve y = x2 -5x + 6 is zero at.

a) x = 2   b) x = 2.5   c) x = 3   d) x = 69) Which of the following is the derivative of y = x2+4?
d = 2x + 4   b) d = 2x   c) d = 2x2  d) 4a) dxdxdx10) What is the area under the function y = 3x?
a) 1.5x2  b) 2x2  c) 3x2  b) 6x80

Unit 13_p78-83（3刷）.indd80

2022/03/09

8:33:32

135The language of math 数学の言語の特徴を理解しよう

グラフ上で積分や面積を表す場合、前置詞がよく使われる。
・区間

from A to B, between A and B
area under the function ƒ (x), at x = 1・位置

Math

例

Find the area under the function y = 2x between x = 2 and x = 4.
The area A can be found by subtracting the indefinite integral at x = 2 fromPhysics

that at x = 4.
The indefinite integral is: ∫ 2x dx = x2 + C

ChemistryAt x = 2: ∫ 2x dx = 22 + CyAt x = 4: ∫ 2x dx = 42 + C

y＝2x

Subtract: (42 + C) − (22 + C) = 42 + C − 22 − C= 16 − 4 + C – CStory

A= 12The definite integral, from 2 to 4, of 2x dx:x2∫ 42 2x dx = [x2]42 = 42−22 = 12

4

Think Read Math topic again. Underline the prepositions and check how they

are used.

6Self-assessment checklist 学習理解の自己評価
100%

70%

30%

I understand more about differentiation and integration.
I have learned words and phrases
related to differentiation and integration.
I have thought about differentiation and integration.
I have utilized concepts about differentiation and integration.

81

Unit 13_p78-83（3刷）.indd

812022/03/09

8:33:53

solar-cellsolidsolution
splitstate change
steroidogenesis
strong acidstrong basesublimation
subshellsuffix
suffocation
superheavy
synthesize
synthetically

太陽電池
固体
溶液
分裂する
状態変化
ステロイド産生

加速度
acceleration
3倍
a factor of three
アンペア（電流の単位）
ampere
アンペア回数
ampere turn振幅
amplitudea police or emergency vehicle

強酸
強塩基
昇華（固体→気体）

警察緊急車両電化製品

appliance
apply作用する、加える

副殻
接尾辞
窒息
超重元素

B
be proportional toby means of

比例する～によって～を合成する
合成的にC
compact fluorescent lamp
小さいらせん状蛍光灯 ( 電球型蛍光灯 )Tthree states of mattertintitrant
trap
trial and errorU
undue
unreasonable
unstableV
vapor
vapor pressure
vermiculite
volatile

W

物質の三態
錫
滴定剤
閉じ込める
試行錯誤

法外な、非現実的な不安的な

蒸気
蒸気圧
揮発性の鉛

zinc

物理A

加速する

accelerate

伝導伝導体
従来の変換するクローン（電荷の単位）
反対に作用するD
dashboarddischarge
disturbancedrawn bow
droplet

ダッシュボード
放電する
妨害
ピンと張った弓
水滴

バーミキュライト、蛭石

～に値する

Z

圧縮

過度の保湿器warmerworth

compression
conductionconductor
conventional
convertcoulomb
counteractEelastic potential energy 弾性位置エネルギー
電気回路
electric(al) circuit
電圧 (voltage)electric(al) pressure
電荷electric charge
電場electric field
電気electricity
電磁石electromagnet
働かせる
exert

F
filament lamp
flux
force

白熱電球
流束
力

88

Glossary_p84-90（3刷）.indd

882022/03/09

8:34:26

References
Unit 13	https://www.mathsisfun.com/pythagoras.html
https://quizlet.com/336447027/module-2-end-of-module-review-flash-cards/
4	https://www.shuledirect.co.tz/discussion/view/9/87
https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/definitions.html5	https://www.gauthmath.com/solution/In-a-class-in-the-school-down-the-road-everyone-plays-tennisor-golf-or-both-In--1707402451196933

Unit 22 	https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-microbiology/chapter/atomic-structure/3	https://periodic.lanl.gov/about.shtml
5	https://www.wyzant.com/resources/answers/4463/difference_between_elementary_molecules_and_compound_molecules

6	https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/radiation+symbol7	https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/the-atomic-bomb/
Unit 32	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force
3 & 5	https://www.physics.hku.hk/~phys1055/lectures/chap04.html
6	https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-4/Newton-s-Third-Law
7	http://web.mit.edu/16.00/www/aec/rocket.html
Unit 43 	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_algebra
Story 1	https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/news/2016/20161130_1/
Unit 53	https://www.school-for-champions.com/science/matter_states_changing.htm#.YTmNRY77Sbg	https://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch14/melting.php
5	https://www.school-for-champions.com/science/matter_states_dry_ice.htm#.YTmRvI77Sbg
6	https://courses.lumenlearning.com/earthscience/chapter/states-of-matter/

Unit 62	https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/what-is-electricity/all3	https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/electromagnetism/electromagnets.html
5	https://www.primaryconnections.org.au/themes/custom/connections/assets/SBR/data/Phy/sub/electrostatics/electrostatics.htm	https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/home/F_What_Causes_Lightning_Flash.html

6	https://www.takecontrolandsave.coop/welcome-to-our-blog/posts/2020/october/phantom-energy-load/7	https://www.autodesk.com/products/eagle/blog/solar-panels-solar-electricity-works/
https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Photovoltaic_effect

91

References＿p91-93_初.indd

912022/03/09

8:27:45	https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Photovoltaic_cell

Unit 7
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-an-isosceles-triangle-definition-properties-theorem.html
2
Story 2 https://www.energy-exchange.net/artificial-photosynthesis/
Unit 84	https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zyvc6fr/test6	https://www.thermofisher.com/jp/ja/home/industrial/spectroscopy-elemental-isotope-analysis/
spectroscopy-elemental-isotope-analysis-learning-center/spectroscopy-elemental-isotope-analysisresource-library/nmr-lesson-plans/simple-distillation.html

Unit 93	https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Mechanical-Energy
5	https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zgvc6fr/revision/4
Unit 10 https://www.khanacademy.org/math/statistics-probability/summarizing-quantitative-data/variancestandard-deviation-population/a/introduction-to-standard-deviation#:~:text=Standard%20
deviation%20measures%20the%20spread,the%20greater%20its%20standard%20deviation.&text=Interestingly%2C%20standard%20deviation%20cannot%20be,shown%20by%20
the%20dotted%20line)	https://www.khanacademy.org/math/statistics-probability/describing-relationships-quantitative-data/
introduction-to-scatterplots/a/scatterplots-and-correlation-review

Story 3	https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2016/press-release/
Unit 116 	https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z33j6sg/revision/2
Unit 123	https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/Lesson-1/Sound-is-a-Mechanical-Wave	https://www.takoi.edu.hk/~phy/studwork/s6gp2_0304_S6_webpage/Sound%20wave.htm	https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/u11l1c.cfm	https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/engineering-and-technology/technology/
sound-music-technology-introduction/content-section-2.3
https://www.soundproofingcompany.com/soundproofing_101/what-is-soundhttps://www.soundproofingcompany.com/soundproofing_101/what-is-sound4 	https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/sound/Lesson-2/The-Speed-of-Sound5	https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/toolbox/emspectrum1.html
Unit 133	https://www.mathsisfun.com/calculus/integration-introduction.html
Story 4	https://www.compoundchem.com/2021/ 07/27/tokyo2020/

92

References＿p91-93_初.indd

922022/03/09

8:27:45