1 Diet and Exercise

Topic

LISTEN AND THINK
CD-04

An apple a day
Listen to an interview between a radio show
host, Jane Goodwin, and her guest, Kate. Take
notes and answer the questions below.

Tips

wedge
sayingany shape that is triangular in cross section
an adage or proverb

1. What is Kate’s earliest memory about apples?
2. What is onigiri in English?

PAIR WORK

Sayings or proverbs about food

What does “An apple a day keeps the doctor away” mean? Do you know the sayings
below? Do you know any other sayings or proverbs about food in English?
Rice is born in water and must die in wine.
Hunger is the best sauce in the world.
Good food is wise medicine.
My favorite animal is steak.

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CD-05

Reading

What is metabolic syndrome?

Many of you know that the digestivesystem breaks down food into smaller parts

so that they can be absorbed in the small
intestine and then transported around5

the body. You may also know that food ischanged into chemical energy. Well, thespeed in which this happens is known as the metabolic rate.

The body needs energy for its vital organs, like the heart. Also, we need acertain amount of energy for all our daily activities. This means that our energy
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input from food should equal our energy output. If the input and output is not
the same, we lose or gain weight. Our genes and our diet are two things that
affect the way we make and use energy.
So, what’s a balanced diet? A balanced daily diet is a combination ofcarbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water. But, sometimes our15

diet is not balanced causing health problems. Recently you may have noticed
that the topic of metabolic syndrome has been reported on the TV news.
Metabolic syndrome includes weight gain, high blood pressure, and high blood
sugar levels. One big reason for the concern about metabolic syndrome is that it
can lead to heart disease or diabetes.

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What can you do to lower the risk of metabolic syndrome? The number one
thing to do is exercise. The simple exercise of walking can help use your extra
calories and lower your bloodpressure. The second importantHypertension＞130/85mmHg
25Impaired
fasting glucose＜110mg/dLTriglycerides≧150mg/dL
Metabolicsyndrome

HDL-cholesterol＜140mg/dL (males)＜50mg/dL (females)

8Abdominal obesity
Waist ≧ 102cm (males)
Waist ≧ 89cm (females)

thing to do is to change your diet. A
diet low in fat and high in vegetables
and fruits is recommended by manydoctors.

Topic 1

rms

CD-06

Target Te

Let’s check the following words related to diet and exercise. Can you explain them toyour classmate? How many of the words do you know?

anabolism the part of metabolism concerned with the building up of living
tissue from simple substances
atherosclerosis hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaquecarbohydrate loading a technique used by endurance athletes to increase
the glycogen stored in muscles
catabolism
ones

the metabolic breakdown of complex molecules into simpler

glucose a major energy source in metabolism
glycogen a large chain of glucose molecules
hyperglycaemia
bloodhigh blood sugar (glucose) and too little insulin in the

hypoglycemia low blood sugar and too much insulin in the blood
insulin a hormone produced in the pancreas that decreases blood sugarlevels
lymphatic system a part of the circulatory system comprised of white blood
cells, and associated vessels and organs
metabolic rateenergythe rate that the body converts energy stores into usable

metabolic syndrome a group of signs/symptoms that are caused by a poor
diet and lack of exercise
type I diabetes insulin dependent diabetes
type II diabetes insulin resistant diabetes
vascular system the vessels and tissues that circulate fluids through thebody of an animal or plant

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FOCUS ONELANGUAG

Radio interview about lifestyle habits

Imagine you are on a radio show. Student A is theradio interviewer, and Student B is a doctor.
Use the words on the previous page and talk withyour classmate, as in the following dialogue.

A: Hello and welcome to WKRC Tokyo. Today we are with Dr. B to discussproblems related to food and exercise. Can you tell me something abouttype II diabetes?

B: Many people with type II diabetes are insulin resistant when the cells don’t
respond to insulin.

A: What type of people get type II diabetes?
B: People with metabolic syndrome can get type II diabetes.
A: Could you explain to our listeners, what is metabolic syndrome?
......
A: Thank you very much for joining our program, Dr B.
B: It was my pleasure. Thank you so much.

Other useful expressions

Really?

That’s interesting!

What do you mean?

What do you think about …?
What do you mean by …?

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Topic 1

FOCUS ONTCONTEN

How healthy is your diet?

If you are a teenager, you will keep growing until

your twenties. Therefore your diet is important. It
helps with the growth of cells, tissues, and organs,and provides energy to bodily functions, like yourheartbeat, breathing and so on. Your diet also

gives you the energy to be active and exercise.

A balanced diet of carbohydrates, proteins, fats,vitamins and minerals should provide all thenutrients needed for good health.
Carbohydrates
cereals, grains,
bread, pasta,
beans, corn,cakes

AProteins

Fats

Vitamins/Minerals

meat, poultry, ﬁsh,eggs, cheese, soya
foods, nuts

dairy products(milk, butter,cream), meat, ﬁsh,nuts

a wide range offruits & vegetables

Write down anything you ate and drank yesterday. In which food group does eachfood belong?
bread (carbohydrates)

B

Explain what you ate and drank to your classmate.
I had miso soup for breakfast.

CWas your diet balanced? Discuss what improvements each of you could make toyour diet.
I think you should eat more carbohydrates every day.

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RESEARCH

Promoting a healthy lifestyle

In ma n y c o un t r i e s a ro un d t h e wor ld, h e alt horga n izations have h ealth cam p aign s . Th e s ecampaigns often teach ways to be healthy. Theytarget diseases like type II diabetes, heart disease,and illnesses like high cholesterol. They suggest ways

to reduce the effects of poor lifestyle choices, andrecommend what we should eat and drink, and theamount of daily exercise we should do.

A

What do you think about Brad’s lifestyle?
Brad is 48 years old. He has a very busy job at a tax ofﬁce. He works

late most nights and feels a great deal of stress. He is a smoker whoenjoys eating out and drinking beer every night. To reduce his weight,
on Sundays he enjoys playing golf. He has high cholesterol, andrecently his blood sugar level has risen. Brad was diagnosed with type
II diabetes just last week. He now requires insulin injections.
B

Discuss the changes Brad should make in his lifestyle to become healthier.

CCreate a poster that will be displayed to educate the public about people andtheir healthy lifestyle choices. Your poster should be divided into 2 sections:
Section One
Section Two

Show an unhealthy case study

Show the case study for an improved patient

Too much food and no exercise

12Good exercise and healthy food