The Philippine
Philippine System
DisasterTheManagement
Disaster Management
Systemby:
CARMELITAby:
A. LAVERINTO
Office of Civil DefenseJosefina
3-Regional
Disaster Coordinating 3
T. Porcil
Civil Defense Officer,
Planning DivisionCouncil
Office of Civil Defense-National
Disaster Coordinating Council(OCD-NDCC)(OCD-NDCC)

Scope of Presentation


General Information on thePhilippines
RP Disaster ProfileState of DRRM in the Philippines
Current DRR Initiatives
 SNAP DRRM Act 0f 2010
 Climate Change Act of 2009



Challenges/Task

The Philippines is anarchipelagic nation located inSoutheast Asia, comprising
7,107 islands, spanning 1,850
kms from north to south.

Introduction•••

Total land area – 299,764 sq.
kms.
Coastlines - 36,000 kilometers,
the longest coastlines in theworld
Bounded by three large bodies
of water:on the west and north - by theSouth China Sea
on the east - by the PacificOceanon the south - by the Celebes
Sea and the coastal watersof Borneo

Topography•

Large mountainous terrain,
narrow coastal plains and interiorvalleys and plains make up thecountry’s topography.
•

Three major island groups:
Luzon - largest island group with
141,000 sq. kms.
Mindanao - second with 102,000 sq.
kms.
Visayas - third with 57,000 sq. kms.

Luzon is the most mountainous withextensive valleys and plains running
through its interiors• Three major mountain ranges in thearea: the Sierra Madre, the Central
Cordillera and the Caraballo
Mountains• The southern portion of the island
has a dominantly volcanic•
topography with ridges and valleys ofgentle slope and generally accordant
drainage• Active volcanoes such as Mt
Pinatubo, Mayon Volcano and Mt
Bulusan are found in this group ofislands

Topography
•

•

•

•

Visayas Island - located in the central
Philippines, has a severe dissectionof topography due to its exposure totyphoons from Pacific and torrential
rainscharacterized by mountains and hills(where peaks reach 900m), river
basins, floodplains, plateaus andvalleys
Mindanao - has diverse structuralelements and different forms ofphysiographic development
including fault block mountains,
volcanic peaks, uplifted plateaus, lowflat basins, a notable fault zone which
also cuts through Luzon and Visayas,
fissure low masses, and incisedvalleys and canyons.
Major mountain ranges: the Easternor Pacific Cordillera, the BukidnonDavao Range

Climate• Tropical marine climate (has hightemperature and warm air currents
flow over its land masses)• Dominated by two major seasons: wet
and dry seasons• The summer (southwest) monsoon
brings heavy rains to most of thearchipelago from June to November• The winter (northeast) monsoon
brings cooler and drier air from
December to May• Mean annual temperature is 26.6ºC• 28.3ºC during summer months

Climate•

25.5ºC during rainy months•

Rainfall is the most important
climatic element in the Philippines.

•

Rainfall distribution throughout thecountry varies from one region toanother, depending upon the
direction of the moisture-bearing
winds and the location of themountain systems.

•

Mean annual rainfall varies from 965
to 4,064 millimeters annuallyMabuhay!
Population – 94.01 million
estimated as of July 2009
growth rate 1.96
Filipino – official language
90% of the population are
Christians
80% are Roman Catholics
The Philippines is a newly
industrialized country, withan economy anchored on
agriculture but with
substantial contributions
from manufacturing, mining,
remittances from overseas
Filipinos, and service
industries such as tourism,
and business process
outsourcing.

RP DISASTER PROFILENatural Hazards: A Major
Challenge to RP’s Development
Gains• Situated along two major
tectonic plates of the world –the EURASIAN and PACIFIC
Plates• average of 20 quakes per day• 100 to 200 earthquakes felt
every year
• 90 destructive earthquakes forthe past 400 years• 300 volcanoes, 22 as active• 36,289 kms. of coastline
vulnerable to tsunami

Natural Hazards Setting in the Philippines•

It is located along the typhoon belt on
the North Pacific Basin in the Pacificwhere 75 percent of typhoons originate:- average 20 to 30 typhoons per year, 5 to
7 of which can be destructive- eastern seaboard is highly exposed totyphoons with wind speeds of 200
kilometers per hour
- 25 percent of typhoons of such high windspeeds in the world occur in thePhilippine Area of Responsibility

Natural Hazards: A Major Challenge to RP’s Development Gains• From 1970 – 2009, annual
average direct damage todisasters ranged from PHP 5
Billion to PHP 15 Billion (US$ 100 Million to US $ 300
Million), indirect andsecondary impacts further
increase this cost
• Cost of direct damage isequivalent to more than 0.5 %of the national GDP• Annual average casualties due
to natural disasters - 1,002• Flooding as the topmost
disaster during the last five (5)yearsDisaster Impact(Last Quarter Storms of 2009: TS ‘Ondoy’, TY ‘Pepeng’ &TY ‘Santi’)• Areas Affected: Twelve (12) Regions in Central, Northern and Southern Luzon• Casualties:
Dead – 956 persons

Missing – 84

Injured – 736• Severely Affected Population:
9.3 M out of the 43.2 M population in affected regions• Total Estimated Damage & Losses- P 206 Billion or USD 4.38 Billion (equivalent to about 2.7% of GDP)
- More than 90% of the damage and losses were suffered by the private sector- Biggest damage: Housing – P25.5B; Businesses- P22.4B; Transport- P6.5
- Largest Losses: Business- P88.9B; Agriculture- P47.5B; Housing – P8.9B

Estimated Damage ofDisasters in RP (In M P @ 2000 Prices)
On the average, annual direct damage is P15 B
For typhoons, average of 0.5% of GDP every year

80,00070,00060,00050,00040,00030,00020,00010,0000

15 disasters(1978)

Luzon Earthquake(1990)

1.2% of GDP
Pinatubo Eruption(1991)

0.9% of GDP

Droughts(1984; 1987)

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006
Source: WB-NDCC

CALAMITY FUND APPROPRIATIONS VS.
COST OF DIRECT DAMAGE(1991-2007)**January to June 2007. Appropriations include 8 billion CARE fundPhilippines Disaster Risk
Reduction andManagement Framework
OCD-NDCC

Evolution of Disaster
Management Framework• Traditionally, disasters were viewed as
one-off events and responded to by
governments and relief agencies• The social and economic implications andcauses of disaster events were not wellappreciated• This view engendered a disastermanagement framework that was focusedon DISASTER RESPONSE

OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSEThe OCD serves as theoperating arm andsecretariat of the NDCC.

… has the primary task of
coordinating the activities andfunctions of various government
agencies and instrumentalities,
private institutions and civicorganizations for the protection
and preservation of life andproperty during emergencies…

- LOI NO.19, S-1972

OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE
VisionA service-oriented organization
A prepared nation
A safe population

MissionTo administer a comprehensive national civil
defense and civil assistance program by providing
leadership in the continuous development of
measures to reduce risk to communities andmanage the consequence of disasters.

EXISTING ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
BENITO T. RAMOS
OFFICE OF THE
ADMINISTRATORINTERNAL AUDITUNIT
INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY UNITFINANCIAL MGMTOFFICE (3 Sections)
CALAMITY FUND
MGMT UNITREGIONAL
MONITORING UNITDOLORES C MANIOADMINISTRATIVE DIV.
(4 Sections)(Chief -Administrative Offr
V)

(Director IV /Civil Defense Administrator)

OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY
ADMINISTRATOR(Director III /Civil Defense Deputy Administrator)

NATIONAL DISASTER
MANAGEMENT CENTER(NDMC)EMERGENCY MANAGEMENTINSTITUTE OF THE
PHILIPPINES (EMIP)

RONALD I. FLORESOFFICE OF THE CIVIL
DEFENSE EXECUTIVE OFFR.
(Director II /
Civil Defense Exec Officer)

Atty. PRISCILLA P. DUQUE
OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANTCIVIL DEFENSE EXEC. OFFR.
(Director I /Asst. Civil Defense Exec Offr)

Mrs CRISPINA ABATPLANNING DIV. (3Sections)(Chief-Planning Offr V)

Atty PRISCILLA P. DUQUE
TRAINING & INFORMATION
DIV.
(3 Sections)(Concurrent Chief – ACDEXO)

16 REGIONALCENTERSJOSEFINA TIMOTEOOPERATIONS DIV.
(3 Sections)(Chief - Civil Defense
Officer V)

The NDCC OPCEN (OPeration CENter)• Center for coordination of all pre- and post-disaster
operational activities• Central command and control facility• It does not normally control field assets and leaves
tactical decisions to local disaster coordinating
councils (DCCs)

Core functions
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•
•
•
•

Alert and monitoring
Multi-agency operational coordination
Response resource mobilization
Information management, andProgram coordination for operations capability upgradePD 1566

JUNE 11, 1978
(Strengthening the Philippine
Disaster Control Capability andEstablishing the National Program on
Community Disaster Preparedness)

NDCC’s LEGAL BASISPD No. 1566, Section 1

 RESPONSIBILITY FOR LEADERSHIP RESTS ON LOCAL CHIEF
EXECUTIVES SELF RELIANCE, SELF HELP AND MUTUAL ASSISTANCE(EACH POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUBDIVISION OF THE
COUNTRY SHALL UTILIZE ALL AVAILABLE RESOURCES IN THE
AREA BEFORE ASKING FOR ASSISTANCE FROM NEIGHBORING
ENTITIES OR HIGHER AUTHORITY.) PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY RESTS ON THE GOVERNMENTAGENCIES IN THE AFFECTED AREAS IN COORDINATION WITH THE
PEOPLE THEMSELVES ALL GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS, BUREAUS, AGENCIES, AND
INSTRUMENTALITIES TO HAVE DOCUMENTED DM PLANS
 NATIONAL GOVERNMENT EXISTS TO SUPPORT THE LOCALGOVERNMENTS

Secretary, National Defense - Chairman
Secretary, Interior & Local Gov’t- Member
Secretary, Public Works- Member
Secretary, Transportation & Communication - Member
Secretary, Social Welfare & Development - Member
Secretary, Agriculture - Member
Secretary, Education - Member
Secretary, Finance - Member
Secretary, Labor & Employment - Member
Secretary, Trade & Industry - Member
Secretary, Health - Member
Secretary, Science & Technology - Member
Secretary, Budget - Member
Secretary, Justice - Member
Secretary, Natural Resources – Member
Secretary, Foreign Affairs - Member
Director, Phil. Information Agency - Member
Sec-Gen, Phil National Red Cross - Member
Chief of Staff, AFP - Member

Administrator, Office of Civil Defense –Member & Executive Officer

NATIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILHIGHEST POLICY MAKING, COORDINATING AND
SUPERVISING BODY AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL FOR
DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN THE COUNTRYADVISES THE PRESIDENT ON THE STATUS OF NATIONALDISASTER PREPAREDNESS & MANAGEMENT PLANS

RECOMMENDS TO THE PRESIDENT THE DECLARATIONOF STATE OF CALAMITY AND RELEASE OF NATIONALCALAMITY FUND AS NEEDEDDCC ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORKNATIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL
16 REGIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS
80 PROVINCIAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS
117 CITY DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS
1,496 MUNICIPAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS
41,945 BARANGAY DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILSInternational Frameworks
that support and catalyze
the strengthening of DRM

UN General Assembly Resolution 42/169
dated 11 Dec 1987
• 1990 – International Decade for Natural
Disaster Reduction– Sec 7 “Calls upon Governments toparticipate … for concerted international
action for reduction of natural
disasters…hazards, assessing theparticular requirements of their respective
countries…”

World Conference on Disaster Reduction
Kobe, Japan, January 2005
• Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015“Building the Resilience of Nations andCommunities to Disasters– Priorities for Action
1. Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and local
priority with strong institutional basis for implementation
2. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhanceearly warning
3. Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a cultureof safety and resilience at all levels
4. Reduce underlying risk factors
5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at
all levels.

NDCC Paradigm Shift
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENTDISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

Reactive

Proactive

Disaster Preparedness
and Response

Disaster Risk Reduction
Disaster Risk Management (DRM)

Emergency Specialists
Hazard Scientists

Risks Specialists
Economic Managers
Development Planners“ DRR, poverty alleviation and sustainable development are
inextricably linked”

NDCC
COMPREHENSIVEDISASTERMANAGEMENTFRAMEWORKDISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

Pre-EventPost-Event

Defense forDevelopment
AgendaMTPDP
HFA 2005-2015
UNMDG…building the resilience ofcommunities to disasters…

DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

Pre-Event READY Project (UNDP/AusAID/ADB) – 27 Provinces Prioritization of Mapping (GOP) – 16 Provinces Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction- Infrastructure:- Education Sector:- Land-use & Physical Planning :- Local Governance:

DPWH/ADPC
DepEd/ADPC/ECHONEDA/UNDP/ECHODILG/GTZ/ECHO Climate Change Adaptation- DENR/FASPO/WB (GEF)- NEDA/DENR/UNDP/MDG-F Flood Mitigation Master Plan – DENR/DPWHDISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

Pre-Event National Disaster and Calamities Plan
 NDCC Four- Point Plan of Action
 Keeping RP Bird-Flu Free: NAIPTF / AIPI Network
 Contingency Planning: LGUs/UNHCR National WASAR Training – LGUs
 PEER Program (CSSR, MFR, HOPE) – NSET/USAID
 CBRN Response Capacity Building – Canada/USA
 PDRSEA Phase 4 Project– ADPC/UNESCAP/ECHO Learning from Good Practices on DRM OXFAM/APSEMO/ECHO Strategic Nat’l Action Plan on DRR –UNDP/ISDR/ECHODISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT Mobilize Resources- Local Government Units- National Government Agencies (UN Cluster Approach)- NGOs/Private Sector/ Civil Society)- International (NGOs, Aid Agencies, UN) PMO 36, IHAN, ASEAN ADMER (SASOP)
 UN OCHA (UNDAC, Relief Web, CALAMIDAT.ph)

Post-EventDISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT Build disaster resilient infrastructure and communities
 Rebuild houses and restore damaged infrastructure Address the immediate need for alternative livelihood
 Strengthen disaster risk reduction measures Strengthen institutional capacity
 Provide for business continuity“BUILD BACK BETTER”

Post-Event

Passage and Implementation ofof RA 10121 known as:• “An Act Strengthening the Philippine
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) andManagement System Providing for the
National Disaster Risk Reduction andManagement Framework andInstitutionalizing the National DRR andManagement Plan, Appropriating Funds
Therefor and for Other Purposes” or“Philippine DRR and Management Act of2010” – passed into Law on May 27, 2010

Major Changes• NDCC to NDRRMC, LDCC to LDRRMC, BDCC to
BDRRM Committee of Brgy. Devt. Council• Increase of agency- representation/membership from19 to 38
• Establishment of LDRRMO with DRRMOC at all levels(Regional-Provincial/Municipalities/Cities)• Establishment of Training Institutes (Nat’l. to Regional)• OCD to be fully regionalized• OCD Administrator from Director IV to the rank of
Department Undersecretary• Funding for OCD- PhP 1B as to the effectivity of the Act• Calamity Fund (CF) is known as National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Fund (NDRRM Fund)• Local Calamity Fund (LCF) is known as Local Disaster
Risk Reduction and Management Fund (LDRRMF)

NDCC vs NDRRMC
Chairperson: Secretary, National Defense

Secretary, National Defense - Chairman
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Secretary, Interior & Local Gov’t- Member
Secretary, Public Works- Member
Secretary, Transportation & Communication Member
Secretary, Social Welfare & Development Member
Secretary, Agriculture - Member
Secretary, Education - Member
Secretary, Finance - Member
Secretary, Labor & Employment - Member
Secretary, Trade & Industry - Member
Secretary, Health - Member
Secretary, Science & Technology - Member
Secretary, Budget - Member
Secretary, Justice - Member
Secretary, Natural Resources – Member
Secretary, Foreign Affairs - Member
Director, Phil. Information Agency - Member
Sec-Gen, Phil National Red Cross - Member
Chief of Staff, AFP - Member

Administrator, Office of Civil Defense –Member & Executive Officer

Vice chairpersons:
Disaster Preparedness-Secretary, DILG
Disaster Response–Secretary, DSWD
Disaster Prevention & Mitigation-Secretary, DOSTDisaster Rehabilitation & Recovery-DG, NEDA
Members:•
Secretary, DOH•
Secretary, DENR•
Secretary, DA•
Secretary, DepEd•
Secretary, DOE•
Secretary, DOF•
Secretary, DTI•
Secretary, DOTC•
Secretary, DBM•
Secretary, DPWH•
Secretary, DFA•
Secretary, DOJ•
Secretary, DOLE•
Secretary, DOT•
The Exec. Secretary, OP•
Secretary, OPAPP•
Chairman, CHED•
Chief of Staff, AFP•
Chief, PNP•
The Press Secretary

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Sec-Gen., Phil. Red
Cross (PRC)
Commissioner, NAPC
Chairperson, NCRFW
Chairperson, HUDCC
Exec. Director, CC
Office of the CCC
President, GSIS
President, PhilHealthPresident, ULAP
President, LPP
President, LCP
President, LMP
President, LMB
Four (4) reps from the
CSOs
One (1) rep from thePrivate Sector

Administrator, Office of Civil Defense –Member & Executive Director

National Calamity Fund (NCF) and Local
Calamity Fund (LCF)• Under GAA, both Funds are being used to support disaster risk
management and risk reduction activities;• NCF is being used for DRR for mitigation, prevention andpreparedness activities. It is also utilize for relief, recovery,
reconstruction and other work or services in connection withnatural or human-induced calamities which may occur during
the budget year or those that occurred in the past 2 years fromthe budget year. For 2010, allocated CF is Php 2B (30% is
allocated as QRF);• LCF is the local government units allocated 5% fund from theirannual revenue. The LCF is primarily use also for DRM-related
activities specifically for post-disaster activities.

EO 888*: Adopting the Strategic National Action Plan
(SNAP) on DRR 2009-2019 & Institutionalizing DRR
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Program/Project
Governance and Peace/Disaster Risk
Management (DRM) Act
Multi-stakeholder Dialogues on Disaster
Risk Reduction (DRR)
Institutionalization of Disaster
Management Office (DMO)
Enhancing Capacity Development for Local
Disaster Coordinating Councils (LDCCs)
Mainstreaming DRR into the Peace Process
Mainstreaming DRR in Various Government
Plans and Programs
Public-Private Partnership (PPP)
Resource Mobilization
Information and Database Generation

Agency of Primary
Responsibility
OCD
0CD
DILG
DILG
DND-AFP and OPPAP
NEDA
OCD
DBM
DENR-NAMRIA*Signed on June 7, 2010

Strategic National Action Plan (SNAP)No.

Program/Project

Agency of Primary
Responsibility

10Knowledge Management

DOST

11

Supporting DRR: Mainstreaming through Sectoral
Approach

OCD

12Preparedness for Effective Disaster Response

OCD

13

Information, Education and Communication (IEC)Campaign

PIA

14

Institutional and Technical Capacity Building

OCD

15

Education and Research

16

Forecasting and Early Warning

DOST

17

Risk Evaluation

DILG

18

Development of Tools for Assessment andMonitoring of DRR Measures

NEDA

DepEd, CHED, DOST

Challenges• Disasters remain a major challenge to achieve adisaster-resilient and safer community by 2015
• Natural hazards abound: typhoon, flood, landslide,drought, volcanic eruption earthquake, tsunami, etc.
• Climate change remains a potential risk to thecountry•

Poverty, a vulnerability condition, prevails•

Fast growing population, increasing population
densities, urbanization, environmental degradationand pollution increase disaster risks

Tasks at Hand
 Drafting of the IRR of RA 10121 (ongoing) Implementation of the Strategic National
Action Plan (SNAP) in view of the approval of
Executive Order 888
 Observance of National Disaster
Consciousness Month (July) highlighted by
the “Gawad KALASAG”
 Preparations for the onset of the rainy season
 Continuing implementation of current
programs and projects

Conduct of Training & Seminars

National Disaster Consciousness Month
July 1, 2010 – kick-off Ceremony

First Aid and Basic Life Support Olympics

National Disaster Consciousness MonthFirst Aid and Basic Life Support Olympics

National Disaster Consciousness MonthFirst Aid and Basic Life Support Olympics

Earthquake Drill

Organizational Performance Indicator Framework
Societal
Goal

NATIONAL SECURITY TO UPHOLD SOVEREIGNTY AND TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY, SUPPORTSOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND POLITICAL STABILITY

Sectoral
Goal

PEACEFUL, SECURE AND STABLE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT

Organizational
Outcome

Major
Final
OutputPrograms/
Activities/
Projects

Partnership in the
Asia-Pacific Region

Lives Protected andProperty Preserved in timesof war and other national
emergencies

Disaster Resilient
Communities and SocioEconomic Development

Disaster Risk Reduction Management

Risk Identificationand Hazards
Vulnerability Assessment

Civil Protection
and Preparedness

Coordination of Disaster
Response Operations andRehabilitation Initiatives

Maraming Salamat
Thank you