First Workshop on Contactless Card Interoperability
Mutual European and Japanese Initiative for Interoperability
in Paris on October 24, 2001

The interoperability test
results of PCDs
Akihiko KASUYANTT Electronics Corporation
Tokyo JAPANhttp://www.nel.co.jp

Today’s contents
Interoperability
Interoperability test
test method
method Test
Test Results
Results-- 10
10 points
points operation
operation test
test-- Operating
Operating space
space measurement
measurement

Conclusions
Conclusions

Work flow for Interoperability Test
Apparatuses:
Definition
Definition ofofoperation
operation points
pointsNMDA Evaluation Tools

PCDPCDtest
testbybythethe ICICcards
cards

NMDA New Generation
Smart Cards

Feedback toImplementation Standards

PICC TEST APPARATUS
ISO/IEC 10373-6 Test Method
Function generator

OscilloscopeController

Sense coil assembly

Test PICC
Load modulation
test circuit

Definition of operation points
The definition of 10 operation points.
 Magnetic Field Strength more than 4[A/m].
z
Magnetic field≧ 4[A/m]Verificationpoints(10 points)
xy
PCDO

PCD test by the IC cards
10 points operation test
- On the defined point, It checks that IC cards
operates.

Operating space measurement- Measurement of a critical point of operation

The direction of each axis
Z-axisIC CardY-axisOPCD

X-axisTest Apparatus (1/4)
XYZ-STAGE

Intelligent Driver
ＸＹＺ-STAGE
ＸＹＺ
control software

Channel B

Z-axis1:Z-axis

PCD

I/F
converterIntelligent Driver

XY-axisPCD control software

Channel A

1:X-axis
2:Y-axis

to PCDIC CardTest Apparatus (2/4)
XYZStageIntelligent
drivers
I/F
converterTest Apparatus (3/4)
ICCardPCD

XYStageTest Apparatus (4/4)
Stage movebuttons

XYZ-Stage
XYZ-Stage
controlcontrolsoftware
softwareCurrentpositions

10 points operation testPurpose- Verification of interoperability between IC-cards andPCDs at the all defined pionts.

Test method- Setup IC-card and PCD on the defined point.
- 10-times REQB-ATQB communication at each point.
- 3-kinds of IC-cards developed for NMDA areapplied.

Feature of IC-card
IC-cardA
IC-cardB
IC-cardC

Typical performance andmiddle power consumption
Typical performance andlow power consumption
High performance andhigh power consumption

Results of 10 points operation test
Result on Z-axis

Definition
Area [mm]PCD

Card A

Card B

Card CXY

Zz0z+z0z+z0z+A0,±100,±100,+7O

O

OO

X

O

B

0,±100,±100,+4O

O

O

O

X

OC

0,±100,±100,+14O

O

O

O

O

X

D

0,±100,±100,+20O

O

O

O

O

X

E

0,±100,±100,+5O

O

O

O

X

X

F

0,±100,±100,+12O

O

O

O

O

O

G

0,±100,±100,+10O

O

O

O

O

X

O:Pass
X:FailureSummary of 10 points operation testCard A and Card B operate satisfactory in adefined cylindrical space for all PCDs.



Card C operates for a specified PCD,
otherwise in failure on Z=0 or Z=+ point.

Æ The power consumption of Card C is over 4 [A/m].
Æ Mismatching may occurre between IC card andPCD.

Operating space measurement
Purpose- To measure the critical operation distance in thecondition of interoperability operation between PCD
and IC card.



Test method- Move IC card from point to point on the X-Z plane
and Y-Z plane.
- 10-times REQB-ATQB communication at eachpoint.
- 2 kinds of IC cards are used.(Card B,Card C)

Results of operating space measurement
PCD C - Card B <X-axis>
Å X-axis [mm] Æ-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0

Å Z-axis [mm] Æ3028262422201816141210864200000000
920 10 100 10
108100 10109100900001010Y=0mm

2468 10 15 20 25 30 35 400000010 0
10 10 01010 01010 001010 0010 0000100

Results of operating space measurement
PCD C - Card B <Y-axis>
Å Y-axis [mm] Æ-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0

Å Z-axis [mm] Æ3028262422201816141210864200000 1000100 0
90 10 100 1010810100 10
91000001010X=0mm

2468 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

00009010 9 00101010 01010 0010 000
10 00100

Results of operating space measurement
PCD C - Card C <X-axis>
Å X-axis [mm] Æ-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0

Å Z-axis [mm] Æ302826242220181614121086420246Y=0mm
8 10 15 20 25 30 35 4000159495 5 5 75 10 10 10 1091010101059494 4 56 10 10 7 6 5 5109 10 10 10 591010 6101010 01010 5101010 0

Results of operating space measurement
PCD C - Card C <Y-axis>
Å Y-axis [mm] Æ-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0

Å Z-axis [mm] Æ302826242220181614121086420246X=0mm
8 10 15 20 25 30 35 4004 31 5 5 6 6 6 9 8 7 8 65 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 76 10910 10 56 10109 08 10108 53 10101010 5

Summary of operating space measurement
Card B have a sufficient margin in the direction of theZ-axis for all PCDs.

Æ The power consumption of Card B is enough low (below 4 [A/m]).
Card C operation doesn't reached the definition pointof the Z-direction for some PCDs.

ÆThe power consumption of Card C is high (over 4 [A/m]).
Unstable or false operation is observed at the pointon the Z=0 plane for some PCDs.

ÆImpedance mismatching may occurs between a card andPCD.

ConclusionsThe interoperability is verified in 4A/m definedcylindrical space between two cards and seven
PCDs which were independently developed bydifferent makers.
For high performance IC card, unstable or false
communication occurred between six PCDs at thetop edge or bottom edge of defined space.
The operation space on the PCD-PICC
communication is like a cap shape whose basearea depends on the diameter of PCD antenna andwhose height depends on RF power and IC card
power consumption.

-fin –
Thank you for your attention