CD1- 01
MP3 001

Model 1-1

はじめに本書で学ぶみなさんへ
大学生であるみなさんは、英語をこれまで少なくとも６年間学習してきました。
大学生になった今、4 技能のどの技能を特に伸ばしたいと思いますか。大学で最も学びたいことは「話すこと」という大学生に対する調査結果もありました。しかし、みなさんも想像できるように、話す技能を身に着けるのはなかなか一朝一夕にできることではありません。
本書は、オーラル・コミュニケーションに必ず伴う「発音」に焦点をあてています。特に、日本人が注意して習得すべき発音要素を中心に勉強を進めます。本書を終えるころには、言いたいことが伝わりやすくなる英語が身についているはずです。
英語の発音が上手になるにはどのような勉強をすべきでしょうか。まず、日本語と英語の発音の構造的な違いを基礎知識として知ることが必要です。次に、身につけた知識を活かして実際に発音できるようになりましょう。教室の中で、頭と口と耳をしっかりと働かして、個々の音を安定して出せるようになりましょう。そして英語らしいリズムやイントネーションに支えられた発音もできるようになりましょう。
このようなことができるようになるには、反復練習と練習の持続が必要です。練習を積み重ねること無しに安定した発音が身につくことはありません。
反復練習は、ともすると単調で退屈になりがちです。本書では、皆さんが楽しみながら練習できるよう、早口言葉やチャンツ（曲のない歌）などリズム教材を多く用いました。また、発音とリスニングの勉強は平行して行うとより学習効果があがります。ですから、大部分の音声学習はリスニングを通して音のイメージをつかむことから始めます。
本書で勉強を続けると、次第に自分やクラスメートの発する音声について、その善し悪しや適切さ不適切さを判断でき、指摘できるようになります。クラスメートの発音を直してあげることもできます。この力はとても重要です。なぜなら、みなさんが今後授業外で英語の勉強を続けるときに大きな支えになるからです。また、実際のコミュニケーション場面で英語がうまく通じなくて困った時などに特に役に立つ力でもあるからです。
本書では、日本人大学生 Emi がアメリカのボストンを初めて訪ね、そこで世界から集まる同世代の人々と出会い、英語を共通語として交流を深めるというストーリが展開されます。授業で学ぶ表現は、みなさんが旅行した時にそのまま現地で役立つ表現です。毎回の授業が近い将来の旅行のリハーサルという気持ちで一緒に楽しみましょう。
毎回の授業で “Now I got it!” と感じてもらうことを期待して。
中條純子

Table of Contents
PREPARATORY INTRODUCTION UNIT
World Englishes

7• Recording Assignment 1

UNIT 1

Eating Out - Fried Rice or Fried Lice?

13• Consonants /l/, /r/
She sells seashells down by the seashore.
CHANTS   Seashells / Real Lemons

UNIT 2Check In - Woof! Woof! What is this sound?

24• Consonant /w/
How much wood would you chuck if you could chuck wood?
CHANTS   Woodchuck

UNIT 3Sightseeing - Do you need a fan or a van, a vase or a base? 31• Consonants /f/, /v/
A flea and a fly flew up in a flue.
CHANTS   Flea and Fly

UNIT 4

Getting Directions - Thank you or sank you?

39

• Consonants /θ/, /ð/
1. Thank the other three brothers of their father’s mother’s brother’s side.
2. I thought a thought but the thought that I thought was not the thought that I thoughtthat I thought.
CHANTS   Weather

UNIT 5

Shopping - I’m on a seafood diet. I see food and I eat it.

48• Consonants /s/, /z/, /ʃ/She sells seashells down by the seashore.
CHANTS   Seashells

UNIT 6

Review （Units 1 — 5）- Let’s check your progress!

57

UNIT 7

Monitoring 1 / Presentation

61• Recording Assignment 2    • Self & Peer Monitoring 1• Presentation Contest

UNIT 8Phone Calls - Do you need a cab or a cap?

63

• Consonants  /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /ɡ/
1. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
2. A big black bug bit a big black bear!
3. Can you can a can as a canner can can a can?
CHANTS   Peter Piper

UNIT 9A Date? - What are English stress, rhythm and intonation?

73• English Pronunciation
CHANTS   The ABC

UNIT 10Language School			- Do you know the most common English vowel called “schwa”?

UNIT 11

Hello From Japan - A horse says neigh, neigh, neigh.

82• Vowels /æ/, /a/, /ə/
1. Swan swam over the sea, swim, swan, swim!
2. A big black bug bit a big black bear!
3. Can you can a can as a canner can can a can?
CHANTS   Swan90• Vowels /ei/, /iər/, /εər/, /uər/
1. I ate eight eggs at eight.
2. Their rare deer appeared near here.
CHANTS   DreamUNIT 12

Review （Units 1 — 11）/ Monitoring 296• Review Activities• Recording Assignment 3    • Self & Peer Monitoring 2

Assignments
Unit 1 〜 Unit 12101

本書の構成本書は、「本編（Preparatory Unit ならびに Unit 1〜Unit 12）」と「巻末付録（Assignments）」で構成されています。
本編では、16の子音（Unit 1〜Unit 5、Unit 8）、超分節音（ストレス、リズム、イントネーション）（Unit 9）、７つの母音（二重母音を含む）（Unit 10、Unit 11）の順に練習をします。練習する要素は、日本人が練習により音声コミュニケーションの阻害を減らすことのできるものに絞っており、また、とくに焦点を当てているのが子音です。そして、発音についての気づきと理解が深まるよう、本編の中盤（Unit 9）で英語の発音について要点を解説しています。習得モデルは、
アメリカ標準英語です。また、発音をモニターし、修正できるようになっているかを知識と技術の両面で確認する復習ユニットを配列しています（Unit 6、Unit 7、Unit 12）。とくに Unit 7と Unit 12の Monitoring コーナーでは、日頃練習した自分の発音を録画し、それをもとに自己チェックとクラスメイトとの相互チェックを行います（準備とやり方は、下記の Weekly Self-Trainingと p.12の Recording Assignments ならびに、Unit 7、Unit 12に指示されています）。

本編各 Unit の後半は、日本人大学生 Emi のボストン滞在を描いた TOPIC DIALOGUE です。
会話の穴埋め問題に取り組みながら、実際的な会話を学ぶことができます。
巻末の Assignment は切り離して提出できるようになっています。目標音を多く含んだリスニング問題を用意しました。また、教室内での英語の学習を実世界と結びつけるよう、インターネットを使用し、オーセンティックな情報を取得することで完成するような課題も盛り込みました。英語のサイトから実際の情報を得ることで真の英語使用の経験と意味を感じ、英語学習に意義を見出してほしいと思います。

Practice makes perfect!
Weekly Self-Training

1. Underline the target sounds on the recording
scripts.（Recording scripts ⇨ p. 12）
2. Practice reading aloud.
3. Record your reading.
4. Listen to your reading.
5. Listen to the model reading.
6. Compare the sounds and compare yourperformance with the model.
7. Practice again.
8. Record again.
9. Save the sound file when you feel comfortable with your performance.

6

Preparatory Introduction Unit

World Englishes

Listen to the following explanation of World Englishes.
Then, write down the missing words in the blanks.

There are an estimated（ 1.

CD1- 01
MP3 001）billion people using English all over the globe.

Some use it as their first language, some use it as a second language, and some as a（ 2.

）language, like Japanese people. The ability of these English

speakers differs. However, among these 2 billion English users,（ 3.
percent are non-（ 4.

））speakers of English. In our current era, English is

not just for the people of Great Britain, the United States, Canada, Australia and NewZealand. English is used by all people as the（ 5. lglobe for（ 6.

f）around the）communication.

A number of English varieties exist and Japanese English is one of the manyvarieties of English. Nevertheless, in actual communication, Japanese people often
encounter difficulties in oral communication in English. Why is this so? There are anumber of reasons, but one of the main reasons is（ 7.

）.

There are pronunciation points that Japanese English speakers need to acquire in order
to be understood. Needless to say, the ability to（ 8.

）otherEnglish speakers is also crucial in order to engage in spoken communication.
Let’s develop your oral communication（ 9.
of World Englishes! Don’t hesitate to（ 10.

）and join the community）in English!

7

Which of the following statements apply to the term “lingua franca”? Choose theappropriate statement from A - D.
A. English has always been a lingua franca for international communication.
B. Lingua franca is the language which Americans, Canadians, British, Australians, and New

Zealnders speak.
C. Lingua franca is a language spoken as ﬁrst language in a paticular part of the world.
D. English is a lingua franca for international communication in today’s world.

Here are some messages from students from all over
the world who were visiting Boston. Listen to themessages and let’s find out about them.

1VideoClip 3
CD1- 02

MP3 002

CD1- 03

MP3 003

CD1- 04

MP3 004

Sada
Country

A. Germany

B. Scotland

C. New York

B. A weekend

C. Ten days

Stay in Boston
A. A month2Georgia
Country

A. Norway

B. India

C. Italy

A. Olá

B. Buon giorno

C. CiaoMajor

A. Physics

B. Psychology

C. ScienceHobby

A. Volleyball

B. Basketball

C. Badminton

Hello in Her Language

3WesleyCountry

A. Brazil

B. Venezuela

C. BosniaB. Namaste

C. Olá

Occupation A. Singer

B. Student

C. Engineer

Major

B. Engineering

C. Communication

Hello in His language
A. Ciao

8A. Art4

CD1- 05

MP3 005

CD1- 06

MP3 006

CD1- 07

MP3 007

CD1- 08

MP3 008

JadeCountry

A. Philippines

B. Thailand

C. South Korea
Hello in Her Language
A. An-nyeyong
Occupation A. Singer

B. Namaste

C. Sawatdi

B. Student

C. Noverist

B. Accounting

C. Architecture

Major in Her Country
A. Music5Pia
Country

A. Jamaica

B. Switzerland

C. Germany

B. Ni hao

C. HejHello in Her Language
A. Guten Tag
Occupation A. Doctor

B. Ph.D. student & scientist

C. Yoga instructor
Hobby

6

A. Singing

B. Sailing

C. Dancing

Amy
Country

A. Austria

B. U.S.A.

C. Australia

Major in Her Country
A. Media & communications

B. Arts

C. Music
Hobby

A. Fishing

B. Watching movies

C. Singing

7NicoleCountry

A. Australia

B. U.S.A.

C. Austria

A. New England

B. Mexico

C. New YorkA. Visit cafés

B. Open cafés

C. Shopping

Current Place to Study
Hobby

98

CD1- 09

MP3 009

CD1- 10

MP3 010

SalmaCountry

A. Canada

B. U.S.A.

CityA. San Jose

B. San Francisco

C. France

C. New YorkSpecialized Field of Study
A. Clinical psychology

9B. Medicine

C. MathEmi
Konnichiwa! I’m Emi from Japan. I am a freshman at aJapanese university. I am majoring in education. I am hoping
my ﬁrst visit to the U.S. will be a wonderful experience. It’snice to meet you all! Let’s have a good time together!

Write your own self introduction and join the community of World Englishes! Find apartner and introduce yourself to him / her. Then write down your partner’s introduction.

10Hello! My name is11
My partner’s name is10

Where is Boston?
1. Boston is located on the（ West Coast / East Coast ）of the United States of America.
2. Boston is located in the（ north / south ）of N.Y.
3. Boston is in the state of（）.

Hints

CANADA
SeattleBostonSan Francisco

USA

ChicagoNew York

Washington, D.C.

Los Angeles
BostonHoustonMASSACHUSETTS

MEXICO

11

Recording Assignment 1
Due DateFirst（1）：1Using your own voice, video record
the following script with a computer or acellular phone.

2

Save the files and send them to thefollowing email address as attachment
files:➡

Email address
The subject of the email and ﬁle name should be as follows: day of the week, classperiod, name, English student identiﬁcation number (ESIDN) and First (1) recording.
Ex: The subject of the email → Mon-3-Emi Hirata-38-(1)The ﬁle name →3

File1-Mon-3-Emi Hirata-38-(1)If you were not successful either in recording or in sending the file, please do notworry. We can find a solution in the next class. Just save your files.

Recording Scripts
File 1

fawatha la(thank)

sharafa

leadwood van

those sip

sheet

light

fast

sinkright

think thesewhatzero

read

ship

thought

thasa(thank)ravasatha(that)

latha wa(that)vazazasha

File 212vasefanzestUnit2Check In

Woof! Woof! What is this sound?

TONGUE TWISTER

Listen to the following tongue twister and try to say it five times.

CD1- 28
MP3 028

How much wood would you chuck if you could
chuck wood?
How many sounds of /w/ do you hear? 3/w/（ ）PRONUNCIATION FOCUS

CD1- 29
MP3 029

Step 1 Here is today’s pronunciation point: /w/. This sound is used in words such as “what”
and “swim.”/w/ の発音 ① 口を軽くすぼめて、スタートの形を作ります（日本語の「ウ」よりも口をすぼめます。口笛を吹くことができるくらいの緊張した状態です。舌は引いた状態です）。
② 喉の奥の筋肉を絞り、うなり声を出します。
② 急速に緊張を解くと同時に息を吐きながら、次の母音を出します。

3Lip movement change/w/ の音は持続されず、すぐに次の母音の構えに移行します。そのため、音声学の用語では「移行音」（glide）または「半母音」(semi-vowel) と呼ばれています。小さくせばめられた息の通り道が急に広くなるという点がこの音の特徴です。

Unit 1 で練習した /l/ と /r/ はどこでそれぞれの音を出すのかつづりで判断できました。/w/ の場

合、語中で “w” とつづられていても /w/ の音を出すとは限りません（例、how, two, window）。
また、“once” , “quick” , “distinguish” などは、“w” のつづりが含まれていませんが、/w/ の音が含まれています。

/w/ は語尾には現れません。
24

Unit 2

Evaluate Yourself!
Read

Use a mirror and check your articulation.
aloud !

/w/ wa wi wu we wo
How is your articulation?
Not good... orGood!

Let scheck !

If you are not doing well, ask for help now!
Your classmates or teacher will be happy to help you.

Step 2 Take a look at the video clip and imitate the modeling.

Model 2-1

Step 3 Practice saying A below with the beat. Then, create B and model it for your partner.
Exchange the textbook with your partner and practice his/her B.
Rhythmic Reading Aloud Practice
Awa we wi wu / wa we wi wu we wo wa wo /we wi wo wu / wa we wi wo wu we wa wo / wu wi wa wo / we

B

Step 4 Find the sound of /w/ in the TONGUE TWISTER section and write how many times you
hear it in the blank. Then, try to say it carefully and slowly.

Step 5 Listen and write down the following words and phrases that contain the sound of/w/ in the blanks. Then, underline all the sounds of /w/. Each word and phrase isCD1- 30
repeated twice.
MP3 030

1234567891011121314151617181920212225

232425

26（Your Score/ 26 Points）

Step 6 Keep practicing the /w/ sound. Practice the previous words and phrases in
Step 5 with the beat.

CD1- 31
MP3 031

CHANTS

Listen to the following chant and fill in the blanks. Then, underline all the /w/ sounds.
CD1- 32
MP3 032

Woodchuck
How much wood（ 1.
（ 2.

）
（ 3.

A woodchuck would（ 5.
（ 4.

）a woodchuck chuck）woodchuck（ 4.

）as much（ 6.

）, if a woodchuck（ 4.

）chuck wood?

）（ 7.
）chuck（ 8.

Word Lista wood he chuck as would if could

Woodchuck
Since woodchucks dig holes and live underground,they are also called “groundhogs.”

26））.

Unit 2EXERCISE 1
Listen to the words and circle the one you hear. Then, write the meaning. EXERCISE
CD1- 33
Each word is repeated twice.
MP3 033

1357（ABwillill意志）（）

would（could）

（）

（）

（）

tall（wall）

he（we）

24

68A

B

wool

cool（）

A&B
CD1- 34
MP3 034（rule）

wool（）（）（）（）（Your Score/ 8 Points）

met）

wet（wood）

hood（EXERCISE 2
The following sentences from one to five give the definitions of English words that all contain/w/ sounds. Find the word and write in the missing letters.
1. The woman that a man is married to: a married woman. ⇒F

CD1- 35
MP3 035

2. The fourth day of the week. ⇒3. The wife of a king. ⇒4. The planet earth. ⇒EL

5. To move through the water by movements of the arms and legs or of ﬂippers, ﬁns, tail, etc.
⇒27

TOPIC DIALOGUE
After Emi has a meal at the airport, she is ready to leave. She decides to take a taxi. Sheshows the address and a map to the driver and arrives at the hostel. Then, after she checks
in, she meets one of her roommates.
CD1- 36
MP3 036

LISTENING

Listen to the dialogue without looking at your textbook.

DICTATION

Listen to the dialogue again and fill in the blanks. Answer choices are listed at theend of the section.
CD1- 37
MP3 037

Taxi Driver: Where to?
Emi: Boston International Hostel, please. Here is the address.
Taxi Driver: Let’s see... All right.
Emi: How long will it take?
Taxi Driver: Um.... About twenty minutes or so.
Emi: All right.
The taxi arrives at the hostel.

Taxi Driver: Here we are. That will be twelve-twenty.
Emi: Here you go. Keep the change, please.
Emi receives her luggage and enters the hostel.

Emi: Hello.
Receptionist: Hi! May I help you?
Emi: Yes,（ 1.

）. My name is Emi Hirata. I have a reservation here.

Here is the（ 2.

）form.

Receptionist: What’s your last name again?
Emi: Hirata. H, I, R, A, T, A.
Receptionist: Oh, Hirata.（ 3.

）to Boston. Let me see.... (Checking thecomputer...) Yes, you have a reservation for 8 nights, 9 days.
Emi: Yes, that’s right.

28

Unit 2

Receptionist: Ok, you are in（ 4.

）211, bed number one. I will write it down

for you. And... the（ 5.

）is $280.

Emi: Ok. Umm... can I use a credit card?
Receptionist: Sure. Do you remember your PIN number?
Emi: Yes I do remember.
Receptionist: Great. Enter it（ 6.

）, please. Thank you. Here is your receipt ...

and the key. Also I will give you the linens and towels. Please（ 7.
them back here when you（ 8.

）

）out.

Emi: All right, thank you.
Emi goes upstairs, knocks on the door, and is ready to open the door with her key card.

Emi: Hello!
Yan: Hi!
Emi: Let’s see... My bed number is（ 9.

）... Which one is it?

Yan: This is yours. It says one,（ 10.

）.

Emi: Oh, thank you. I’m Emi.
Yan: Hi, I am Yan from（ 11.

）.

Emi: I’m from Japan. Nice to meet you.
Yan: Nice to meet you, too. So, how long will you（ 12.

）here?

Emi: Ah... for eight nights. And you?
Yan: I（ 13.

）stay long. I’ll be here（ 14.

）Wednesday.

Then, I am going to Washington D.C. to visit my friends.
Emi: Oh, how nice! So, how do you like Boston so far?
Yan: I like it very much. It’s a beautiful city. Just the weather hasn’t been very good.
It has been raining and the（ 15.
（ 16.

）been so strong. But the）forecast says tomorrow（ 17.

）be a beautiful day.

Emi: Oh, I’m glad to hear that. So, are you ready to go to bed?
Yan: Yes, I（ 18.

）around all day, so I am pretty（ 19.

）.

Emi: Ok, well.... good night.
Yan: See you in the（ 20.

）.

Word List

total won’t please walked here（2） check will reservation weather
until welcome bring tired room be one Malaysia wind’s morning

29

COMPREHENSION CHECK

Listen to the dialogue again and answer the questions.

CD1- 38
MP3 038

Q1. How many days does Emi plan to stay in the hostel?
（A）nine（B）five（C）ten（D）seven

Q2. Circle the item Emi does NOT receive after she pays the money at the reception.
（A）card key（B）voucher （C）linens（D）towels

Q3. Where is Yan from?
（A）Indonesia （B）Mexico（C）Malaysia（D）Portugal

Q4. Why will Yan go to Washington D.C. after visiting Boston?

To.

Q5. How much in U.S. dollars per night does it cost for Emi to stay in this hostel?

dollars.

TRAVEL TIPS
◦ Tipping the taxi driver is not a familiar custom in Japanese society. In the U.S., however, it
is considered a courtesy to give 10 to 15 percent when you leave the car or after receiving
help with your luggage.
◦ When you get out of the taxi, please make sure you close the door by yourself. Unlike taxis
in Japan, the door will not open or close automatically.

Congratulations!
Now, you can ride in a taxi
and get around!

30