C

hapter 6

癌を検知する「賢いメス」
CD18

医療工学

What’s new?
音声を聞いて、写真（臓器をレーザで切り取ったときに生じる煙で癌ができているかどうかを検知できる新型外科ナイフを使って、豚の肝臓で実験している）を説明している英文を a 〜 c から選びましょう。

aCD

19bc

Learn useful sci-tech expressions
音声を聞いて、1 〜 5 の（1．radiation（
2．operating（
3．make（4．（5．（）内に適当な単語を書き入れましょう。

）））））［放射線治療］［手術台］［確認する］［除去する］［実験的な］

Learn engineering English tips
大きな数字を読む時は、数字を区切っているコンマの所にまとまった数字を表す語を入れながら読みます。
1 〜 4 の数字の読み方を示した語句の（1．120,000,000,000
2．5,000,000
3．250,000
4．380,000）内に適当な語を書き入れましょう。

→ one hundred and twenty（→ five（）→ two（）and fifty（→ （）（）and（）））（Chapter 6医療工学）

27Get informationCD20

New surgical knife can detect cancer instantly

5NotesSurgeons may have a new way to smoke out cancer. An

surgical「外科用の」experimental surgical knife can help surgeons make sure theysurgeon「外科医」

have removed all the cancerous tissue, doctors repor ted on

cancerous tissue

Wednesday. Surgeons typically use knives that heat tissue as they

「癌組織」

cut, producing a sharp-smelling smoke.
The new knife analyzes the smoke and can instantly signal

typically「通常」
signal「知らせる」

whether the tissue is cancerous or healthy.
Dr. Zoltan Takats of Imperial College London suspected the10smoke produced during cancer surger y might contain some
important cancer clues. So he designed a “smart” knife hooked up

clue「手がかり」

to a refrigerator-sized mass spectrometry device on wheels thathook up to…
「〜につなぐ」

analyzes the smoke from cauterizing tissue.

mass spectrometry

The smoke picked up by the smar t knife is compared to alibrary of smoke “signatures” from cancerous and non-cancerous
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suspect「〜ではないかと思う」

tissues. Information appears on a monitor: green means the tissue
is healthy, red means cancerous and yellow means unidentifiable.
Currently, surgeons send samples to a laboratory to make sure

「質量分析」

cauterize「焼き切る」
library「資料」
signature「特性」
unidentifiable「特定できない」

they have removed the tumor while the patient remains on theoperating table. It can take about 30 minutes to get an answer in20

the best hospitals, but even then doctors cannot be entirely sure,entirely「完全に」so they often remove more tissue than they think is strictlystrictly「厳密に」necessary. If some cancerous cells remain, patients may need to25

have more surger y or undergo chemotherapy or radiation

undergo chemotherapy

treatment.

「化学療法を受ける」

The new knife and its accompanying machines were made forabout £250,000（$380,000）, but scientists said the price tag would
likely drop if the technology is commercialized.

accompany「伴う」
commercialize「商品化する」（by Maria Cheng, Associated Press, July 17, 2013）＊ Imperial College London（インペリアル・カレッジ・ロンドン：イギリス , ロンドンに本部を置くイギリスの公立大学）

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Understand what you read
本文を読んで 1 と 2 は質問に答え、3 は本文の内容に合うように英文を完成させましょう。

1．How is Dr. Takatsʼ new knife different from other surgical knives?
a） It produces smoke as it cuts through tissue.
b）It offers quicker analysis of whether the tissue is cancerous.
c）It reduces the smell of burning tissue to aid analysis.
d）It is linked to a refrigerating unit which reduces the heat produced.
2．Which of the following statements about the current method of surgery is NOTtrue?
a） The tests are carried out before the operation.
b） It can take longer than half an hour to get the test results back.
c）Surgeons are not able to know for certain whether they have removed all of thecancerous material.
d）Some patients may need a course of chemotherapy after surgery.
3．The price of the new technologya） means most hospitals cannot afford it.
b）will definitely increase in the future.
c）is lower for scientists.
d）could decrease if it was mass produced.

Summarize what you read
本文の内容に合うように、（）内に選択肢から適当な語を選んで書き入れましょう。

A new type of surgical（1.

）has been developed that cancer surgeons

could use to dramatically reduce the time it takes for them to test whether all cancerous（2.

）has been removed. Surgical knives use（3.

）to cut

and the new technology takes advantage of this. It analyzes the smoke which is produced
and compares its makeup to existing（4.

）on cancerous and non-cancerous

tissue almost instantaneously.
heatknife

datatissue

Chapter 6

医療工学

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Get to know engineering genres▶ Note-taking
講義を聞いてノートをとる場合、できるだけ数字や固有名詞など忘れてしまいやすい情報は必Target Genreずメモします。また話の骨子は文章でメモするのではなく、句や節単位で簡潔に情報の流れをまとめることが重要です。

CD21

以下は本文で紹介された外科メスに関する講義の一部を聞いた学生の講義ノートの一部です。音声を聞いてメモ中の間違いを 3 つ見つけましょう。

Testing the knife
・Created database of 3000 ＋ molecular profiles of cancerous smoke
・Tried the knife（2001-2013）@ 3 hospitals
・Compared smoke from 19 operations with database・100% success rate・published in “Science Translation Medicine”

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