S.A.M.
The Software Automatic Mouth

OWNER’S MANUALTABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION _____________________________________ 4
THE S.A.M. DISKETTE ________________________________ 5
INSTALLING THE BOARD _____________________________ 6
RUNNING THE DEMO PROGRAMS _____________________ 6
USING S.A.M. FROM APPLESOFT_______________________ 7
USING RECITER FROM APPLESOFT____________________ 8
USE OF SAM. AND RECITER FROM MACHINE LANGUAGE _ 8
THE RECITER PROGRAM ______________________________ 9
I. THE PHONETIC SPELLING SYSTEM ___________________ 10
PHONEME CHART ____________________________________ 11
II. ADDING STRESS TO SAM’S SPEECH _________________ 13
III. THE EFFECTS OF PUNCTUATION ____________________ 15
IV. FINAL NOTES ON PHONETIC INPUT__________________ 15
THE USE OF PITCH AND SPEED CONTROLS ____________ 16
WHAT AM I HEARING?_________________________________ 17
ENGLISH-TO-PHONETIC SPELLING DICTIONARY_________ 19
FINDING PHONEME SPELLING ERRORS _________________ 34
TECHNICAL NOTES __________________________________ 34
IMPORTANT ADDRESSES _____________________________ 35
LISTING OF GUESSNUM ______________________________ 36
FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS _____________________________ 38

FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS
Improvements upon and modifications to the S.A.M. system may occur in the
future Such new versions of S.A.M. will be made available at nominal cost to
registered S.A.M. owners.
We are also planning to release a new program called ‘SUPERECITER”. RECITER
presently has a pronunciation accuracy of about 90%. SUPERECITER wilt show amajor improvement in this area. But, we need your help.
If you hear a word mispronounced by RECITER that you feel is important, jot if
down. Send us your list of these words (or proper names) so that we may
incorporate them into the expanded rule set of SUPERECITER. Your contributions
wilt be greatly appreciated.
S.A.M. is an ongoing project at DON’T ASK Computer Software. We welcome yourcomments and suggestions on our software speech synthesis products.

INTRODUCTION
Congratulations!
You have just purchased S.A.M. — the Software Automatic Mouth — a versatile,
high-quality speech synthesizer created entirely in software. You have added quality speech to your personal computer for a lower cost than ever before possible and,in the bargain, have gained features that other speech synthesizers cannot offer.
SAM. is designed to be easy to use. With a couple of simple program statements,
you can add speech to your BASIC or assembly-language programs. When you
have mastered the easy-to-learn phonetic alphabet, the inflection system, and theuse ot pitch and speed controls, you will be amazed at what you can make S.A.M.
do. And, until then twill already match the performance of other speech synthesizers.
We strongly suggest that you read this manual carefully while learning to use
S.A.M. There are thorough discussions of S.A.M.’s features with illustrative
examples of how to implement them. There is also a dictionary of useful words andtheir phonetic equivalents to help you learn the phonetic spelling system.
Also remember that as a registered S.A.M. owner, you are entitled to our services inanswering your SAM-related questions, providing updates and improvements to
the S.A.M. program at nominal cost, and helping you with your applications of
S.A.M. Yes, this is a not-too-subtle hint that you should send in your S.A.M. ownerregistration card today. We look forward to hearing from you.

-4-THE S.A.M. DISKETTE
The SAM. diskette contains several programs.
1 . The S.A.M. speech synthesis program —This program will boot in automatically and will leave your computer ready toaccept speech input through BASIC or machine language programs. The program
occupies about 9K bytes.
2 . RECITER—
RECITER is the English text-to-speech program that interfaces the S.A.M.
program with ordinary English text input, It is not used br phonetic input and must
be loaded in separately (see instructions), It occupies about 6K bytes.
3 . SAYIT—
A short BASIC program that allows you to type in strings ot phonemes or text
and hear them spoken immediately.
4 . DEMO—
A BASIC program that demonstrates some of S.A.M.’s features by telling a shortstory.
5 . SPEECHES—
Another BASIC program that features some familiar texts lobe spoken aloud by
S.A.M.
6 . GUESSNUM —A vocal version of the old guess-the-number-between-one-and-one-hundred
game. Great for kids.
We suggest that you do not write additional data on the S.A.M. diskette. Remove
after loading the desired programs.

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INSTALLING THE BOARD
Step 1: MAKE SURE THE COMPUTER tS OFF!!! Remove the Apples top Cover.
Step 2: Look at the bottom of the SAM. board and locate the edge with the word
REAR printed near it. This edge goes next to the back of the computer
Step 3: With a gentle torward-and-back rocking motion, insert the board into slot
connector #4. (See section on slot portability.)
Step 4: Connect the speaker lead wires to an 8-ohm speaker. We recommend a 4
to 8 inch diameter speaker in a small vented box. Larger speakers give
SAM, more chest” and smaller speakers tend to sound too tinny. Radio
Shack part #40-1 227A is a good, inexpensive choice.
Step 5: (Optional) It you desire all the Apple sounds to be amplified through to
S.A.M;s speaker, do the following: locate the small speaker inside theApple near the elI side ot the keyboard. A pair of wires runs to a connector
under the right side 01 the keyboard. Unplug this connector and replace itwith the duplicate connector coming from the S.A.M. board.
Step 6: Using a small screwdriver, turn the volume control on the S.A.M. board toits mid-position. Turn on the computer. Run a demo program from the
S.A.M. diskette.
It S.A.M is working but the Apple sounds, such as beeps,do not come through, turnoff the computer. Now unplug the substitute Apple speaker connector, turn itaround 180 .and plug it back in. Try it again; you actually have a 50/50 chance of it
working the first time

LOADING THE S.A.M. PROGRAMS
S.A.M. and RECITER are machine language programs stored as binary files on
disk. To load them, say BLOAD SAM or BLOAD RECITER in immediate mode orwithin a program. RECITER requires S.A.M., so you must toad both to use
RECITER. The order in which the programs are loaded is unimportant.

RUNNING THE DEMO PROGRAMS
Once S.A.M. is binary-loaded into the computer, you are ready to run any of theBASIC demo programs such as SAYIT, DEMO, SPEECHES, AND GUESSNUM.

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USING S.A.M. FROM APPLESOFT
SAM. patches into Applesoft by the use of the reserved string variable named SA$(easy to remember).
Two Applesoft statements are all that are required to make S.A.M. speak. The
following statements inserted anywhere in an Applesoft program will cause S.A.M.
to speak the phrase “I am a computer’.
100 SA$= “AY4 AEM AH KUMPYUW3TER.”
110 CALL 38128
By using Applesoft’s string handling capabilities, it is possible to generate the SA$
string from sentence fragments, data statements, text tiles, etc. The GUESSNUM
program listed in this manual illustrates some of these techniques.
TWO CAUTIONS
1 . To avoid stepping on S.A.M. with your Applesoft program, a HIMEM:29024
should appear before any variables (especially strings) are defined in yourprogram. Play it safe and make it the first statement executed after S.A.M. is
BLOADed.
2 . Never hit RESET while S.A.M. is speaking! Not only is it very rude, it also has
detrimental effects: S.A.M. uses many zero-page memory addresses which arerestored to normal after vocal output. Pressing RESET does not allow this tohappen and consequently, the chances of your program surviving are rather
slim. If you need to exit your program, use ctrl-C.

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USING RECITER FROM APPLESOFT
Using RECITER from Applesoft is the same as using S.A.M. in his phonetic mode.
However, this time the string SA$ is in plain English. Also the calling address isdifferent.
100 SA$="I AM A COMPUTER.”
110 CALL 38131
Use of punctuation with RECtTER is discussed later, but note that a dash will betreated as a pause-making dash only it there is a non-letter (not A-Z) on both sides
of if. Examples: the dash in "YOU ARE A RAT-FINK” will not pause, but the dash in"HELLO JIM - THIS IS ANN” will.

USE OF S.A.M. AND RECITERFROM MACHINE LANGUAGE
This is very similar to using S.A.M. from Applesoft except for one change: you must
do your own string handling. A string of ASCII characters (the same ones you
would use in Applesoft) is moved into locations $9500-$95FF. THe first charactermust be in $9500 and the last character, an $8D return character, marks the string’s
end. Bytes after the $8D are not read by S.A.M. All characters must have their MSB
on. Following the string definition, a JSR $94F6 is done and SAM. speaks. The
use of RECITER is the same except that you do a JSR $94F9 instead.

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THE RECITER PROGRAM
RECITER is an English text-to-speech program that converts ordinary text intophonemes that SAM. can understand. You simply supply output strings of 256
characters or less to the program. RECITER takes care ot the rest.
The program uses about 450 rules to convert English into SAM’s phonetic
language. Included among these rules are some stress markers for situations
where the stress choice in unambiguous. In addition, SAM’s usual punctuation
rules still operate with some additional symbols “I’, ‘:‘, and “:‘) being consideredas periods. The net result is that even directly-translated English text has a fairamount of inflection.
RECITER also recognizes a number of special characters. Numbers are read
aloud, and several others are pronounced as well. It a character is not understoodby RECITER, it simply isn’t passed to S.A.M.
We recommend use ot RECITER br any text-to-speech program, for that matter)
only br applications where the user has no control ot the text. For example, text
already in a file, text received over a MODEM. and text supplied by users unfamiliar
with the phonetic system. Where the highest quality speech with full inflection isdesired, we urge you to use S.A.M.s phonetic system.
Don’t be discouraged. though. You will find that RECITER will do a better job of
speaking from English text than other text-translator products.

THE SAYIT PROGRAMSAYIT is a short BASIC program that allows you to test many of S.A.M. andRECITER’s features by directly inputting the string SAM$.
II both S.A.M. and RECITER have been loaded in. you may opt for English input
when running the program.
Typing “ctrl-N” will allow you to input new pitch and speed values to lest thesefeatures. Once you have done so. the new pitch and speed will remain until you
type “crtI-N” again.

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PHONETIC INPUT TO S.A.M.
I. THE PHONETIC SPELLING SYSTEM
S.A.M. is equipped with a version of the easy-to-learn, very readable International
Phonetic Alphabet. There are about fifty phonemes which will let you spell all thewords in English. Some sounds from foreign languages are not available in thesystem at this time.
Why use the phonetic system? There are two compelling reasons. 1.) In thephonetic system, all the words will be pronounced correctly; and 2.) You can put
inflection into the speech however and wherever you want it.
If you have already tried the RECITER text-to-speech program, you know that it
does a fair job of pronouncing English words. However, it does make mistakes.
Some words sound a little strange and others are difficult to understand. The
reasons for this are not hard to understand. English is a language of exceptions
rather than rules; words that are spelled alike are pronounced differently (‘have’ vs.
“gave”). A rule system like RECITER cannot pronounce all words correctly unlessit stores an enormous dictionary that takes up vast amounts of memory. But thesecond flaw in text-to-speech conversion is more serious. Such a rule systemcannot decide where the stress belongs in what is being said. The phonetic system
in SAM., on the other hand, allows you to decide where to accent syllables within aword and where to stress words within a sentence.
So it is clear that the preferred way to make SAM. speak is with the phonetic
alphabet. But how hard is it to use? It’s really easier than writing in English
because you don’t have to know how to spell! You only have to know how to say theword in order to spell it phonetically.
Here is the complete list of phonemes, each presented with a sample word
containing its sound. Note that there are many vowels, which is why they are allindicated by two letters rather than one.
The phonemes are classified into two categories: vowels and consonants. Amongthe vowels are the simple vowel sounds such as the “i” in “sit”, the ”o” in “slot”, andthe "a” in ”hat” These vowels do not change their quality through out their duration.
The?e are also vowels called diphthongs such as the “i” in “site”, the “o” in “slow”,
and the “a” in “hate”, as well as the “oi” in “oil” and the “ow” in “how”. These vowels
start with one sound and end with another (e.g.”oi” glides from an “oh” sound to an“ee” sound).
The consonants are also divided into two groups: voiced and unvoiced. The
voiced consonants require you to use your vocal chords to produce the sound.
Such sounds as “b”, “I”, “n”, and “z” sounds fall into this category. The unvoiced
consonants, on the other hand, are produced entirely by rushing air and include
such sounds as the “p’, “t”, “h”, and “sh” sounds.
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PHONETIC ALPHABETFOR S.A.M.

The example words have the sound of the phoneme. not necessarily the same letters

Note: The symbol or the “H” sound is /H. A glottal stop is a forced stoppage of sound.

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On the phoneme chart, you will notice six phonemes — YX, WX, RX, LX, /X, and DX— which are described as being used by S.A.M.’s rule system. However, they havebeen provided with letter codes so that you may experiment with these special
sounds directly. YX and WX are weaker versions ot Y and W. RX and LX are smoothgliding versions of R and L. /X is the “h” sound in “who”, and DX is the quick flap of
the tongue on the upper palate as in the word “pity”
We are now ready to transcribe ordinary speech into its phonetic representation.
Let’s use the following sentence as an example:

I do my calculations on the computer.
The first step is to say each word aloud and decide how many syllables are in theword. a syllable has one vowel phoneme and its associated consonants (if any). We
then identify the proper vowel phoneme by comparing ifs sound to the sounds
listed in the fable. and do the same for the consonants. The resultant combinationof phonemes is the phonetic representation of the syllable. We do this for eachsyllable in a word.
In our example. the first word— “I” — is a single phoneme, the diphthong "AY". The
next word — “do— is a single syllable comprised of the diphthong "UW" precededby the voiced consonant “D”. The phonetic spelling is therefore "DUW". Similarly
the third word — “my” — again uses the “AY” sound. this time preceded by an “M".
resulting in “MAY".
The word “calculations” has four syllables. The first syllable transcribes as “KAEL”
The “c” sound is pronounced as “k”. unlike the “s” pronunciation in a word like“cell” (notice there is no “C” in the phoneme tablet. The next syllable — “cu" —transcribes as “KYUW”. Note here that the “Y” sound prevents this syllable frombeing pronounced as “coo”. The third syllable comes out as “LEY”. and the fourth
becomes “SHAX NZ”. This word ends with a voiced sound “Z” and not the hissy "S”
sound as in “list”. You will rapidly discover that many words contain the phonetic
combinations “AXL”. “AXM”. and “AXN”. To enhance the readability of thephonetic spelling, the special symbols “UL”. “UM". and “UN” can be substituted
for these combinations. The “lions” syllable is now written as “SHUNZ”. So“calculations” becomes “KAELKYUWLEYSHUNZ”.
The next word “on” becomes “AAN”. and “the” becomes “DHAX”. By the way. if theword “the” precedes a word beginning with a vowel, it gets pronounced “thee” andis spelled “DH IY”. You should also notice that the “th” letter combination has twophonetic representations: unvoiced (TH) as in “thin”, or voiced (DH) as in “the”.
By now, the steps used in getting from ‘computer” to “KUMPYUWTER” shouldat ready be obvious. Try it.

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Once you get used to the phonetic system it will seem very easy and obvious.
Initially, there will be some spellings that seem tricky (did you know that "adventure"
has a "CH" in it?). However, the rule is always to write the word the way you say it, notthe way you spell it.
To help you learn the system fast, we have provided an Engtish-to-phonetic
spelling dictionary ot almost 1500 words. Many common words are in the
dictionary: some unusual ones are in it as well. If you are really stuck on how tospell a word that isn’t in the dictionary. think ot another word that sounds like it andthat one may be listed.
In any case, don’t hesitate to experiment with the phonetic spelling system. Let
your ears be your guide. This system is easy to learn easy to use. easy to read, andyou will be amazed at what you can do with it

II. ADDING STRESS TO S.A.M.’S SPEECH
I’m the phonetic mode. S.A..M. is capable ot speaking with a great deal ot inflectionand emphasis. This gives a much more natural and understandable quality to the
speech than is otherwise possible.
The stress system for S.A.M. is particularly easy to use. There are eight stressmarkers that can be used simply by inserting a number(1-8) after the vowel to be
stressed. For example, the monotonic pronunciation of the word “hello” producedby the phonetic spelling “/HEHLOW” becomes a much friendlier sounding
greeting when spelled “/HEH3LOW”.
Why do you have to put in the stress markers? Simply because they can go
anywhere and SAM. has no way ot knowing where you want them to go. The
following simple example will demonstrate this point to you. Use the SAYIT
program on your SAM. disk to hear the following sample phrases.
We will have S.A.M. say“Why should I walk to the store?”in a number of different ways.
1. WAY2 SHUH7D AY WAO5K TUX DHAH STOH5R.
(You want a reason to do it.)
2. WAY7 SHUH2D AY WAO7K TUX DHAH STOH5R.
(You are reluctant to go.)3. WAY5 SHUH7D AY2 WAO7K DHAH STOHR.
(You want someone else to do it.)
4. WAY5 SHUHO AY7 WAO2K TUX7 DHAH STOHR.
(You’d rather drive.)
5. WAY5 SHUHD AY WAO5K TUX DHAH STOH2OH7R.
(You want to walk somewhere else.)
Each of these stress examples has a slightly different meaning. even though thewords are all the same. Stress markers give you the ability to let S.A.M. be expressive.
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What do the stress markers do? The number you type tells S.A.M. to raise (or lower)
his pitch and elongate the associated vowel soundThe number system works like this:
1 = very emotional stress
2 = very emphatic stress
3 = rather strong stress
4 = ordinary stress
5 = tight stress
6 = neutral (no pitch change) stress
7 = pitch-dropping stress
8 = extreme pitch-dropping stress
When should you use each of these? It all depends on how you want S.A.M. tosound. Say the words to yourself as expressively as you can and see where yourvoice rises and falls. Remember, the smaller the number, the more extreme theemphasis will be. Also, the stress markers will help get difficult words pronounced
correctly. If some syllable is not enunciated sufficiently, put in a neutral stress marker
A general rule is that the most important word or words in a sentence get the moststress and the rest ot the words get little or no stress. However, words ot more than
one syllable should have stress marked on their accented syllables (most dictionaries
show which these are it you are uncertain).
We will now assign stresses to our first example sentence about doing calculations
on the computer. The first word “AY” is usually an important word (can you think ot
anyone more important?).. We wilt write it as “AY4”, assigning ordinary stress.
“DUW”, the only verb, is also important. We’ll try "DUW4”. “MAY” isn’t very strong(unless you want to draw attention to it) and it is a single syllable, so we will leave it
alone. "KAELKYUWLEYSHUNZ” is polysyllabic so we must identity the accented
syllables. It is also the most important word in the sentence so it will have thestrongest stress. “LEY" has the primary stress and “KAEL" receives the secondarystress, so we will write "KAE4LKYUWLEY3SHUNZ”. “AAN” and “DHAX” are short.
unstressed words. “KUMPYUWTER” has a single accent on ‘PYUW” and gets
written “KUMPYUW4TER”. So. our original sentence gets written
AY4 DUW4 MAY KAE4LKYUWLEY3SHUNZ AAN DHAH KUMPYUW4TER.
Try typing it into the SAYIT program compared to the unstressed version.
How about really unusual stress? When you place extraordinary emphasis on aword, you do so by elongating its vowel sounds. SAM. can do the same thing. For
example, a call for help can become "/HEH5EH4EH3EH2EH2EH3EH4EH5EHLP.”
You can always do this with the ordinary vowel sounds, but be careful with thediphthongs. They are complex sounds and if you repeat them, they will not do what
you wa~t (e.g. “OYOYOYOYOYOY” sounds lust like it reads in English). To extend
the diphthong sounds, you need to break them into component parts. So ”OY” canbe extended with “OHOHIYIYIY", and “AY’ can be extended with “AAAAIYIYIY”.
You should experiment to find out just what you can do.
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Unlike many other speech synthesis systems, S.A.M. allows you 10 Control
consonant stresses directly. This is usually done to produce a special tonal pattern
in a word. Sometimes you might want a pitch rise on the final phoneme occurring justbefore a comma. For example. try typing. “AY4 YUWZ SAE5M3, AE4ND
RIYSAY4TER.” Notice how the pitch rises on the “M” It is never necessary to specify
stress for a consonant occurring immediately before a stressed vowel. This ishandled automatically.
Try to become familiar with the stress marker system. It makes all the difference
between an ordinary speech synthesizer and the very expressive SAM.

III. THE EFFECTS OF PUNCTUATION
S.A.M. understands tour punctuation marks. They are the hyphen, comma, period,and question mark.
The hyphen (-) serves to mark clause boundaries by inserting a short pause in the
speech. It also has other uses to be discussed later. The comma marks phraseboundaries and inserts a pause approximately double that of the hyphen. The
question-mark and period mark the end ot sentences. The period inserts a pause
and also causes the pitch to tall. The question-mark also inserts a pause, but it
causes the pitch to rise. Notice that not all questions should end with a questionmark (rising pitch), only those that require a yes-or-no answer. (“Are we hiking
today?” rises; “Why are we going to the woods?” taIls at the end and should bemarked with a period).

IV. FINAL NOTES ON PHONETIC IN PUT
S.A.M. is capable ot speaking only 2.5 seconds ot speech without a break (this is
the size ot his “breath”). It the string to be spoken exceeds this, S.A.M. will insert
short breaks every 2.5 seconds. S.A.M. always breaks at punctuation marks inanticipation ot the following phrase. So, it you don’t like where S.A.M. broke up aphrase, you can specify your own breaks with hyphens. An example of this is: “I use
the telephone - to call out of town".
S.A.M. uses the spaces between words to makes his sentence-breaking decisions.
It a single word requires more than 2.5 seconds to say, S.A.M. will not be able toinsert his own breaks and will therefore be unable to say the word.
In summary, the procedures outlined above may seem complex, but this is because
they were presented in fine detail. In reality, the steps become automatic and you
will soon be able to type in phonetics almost as fast as you can type English text.

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THE USE OF PITCH AND SPEED CONTROLSSAM. is capable of speaking in a wide range of tones and at many different rates.
Both pitch and speed controls are accessed by single POKES to memory locations.
The following chart shows the effects of different values in the pitch and speed
registers.*
PITCH
POKE PITCH. N
N=
00-20
impractical
20-30
very high
30-40
high
40-50
high normal
50-70
normal70-80
low normal
80-90
low
90-255 very low
default = 64
SPEED
POKE SPEED. M
M=
0-20
impractical
20-40
very fast
40-60
fast
60-70
fast conversational
70-75
normal conversational
75-90
narrative
90-100 slow
100-225 very slow
default = 72*see the memory reference chart for these locations-16-

WHAT AM I HEARING?
In recent years, many new speech synthesizers have appeared in the marketplace.
The techniques they use vary widely depending on the intended application. Most
synthesizers found in consumer products. such as talking televisions or microwave
ovens, use a speech compression technique ot one sort or another. These
techniques require a person to speak he needed words or entire sentences. The
speech waveform is then compressed’ using a mathematical algorithm and, as aresult, can then be stored in a memory chip without taking up a lot ot room. The
synthesizer’s lob is to then take this compressed speech information and expand it
back into the original waveform. Some ot these systems work quite well. retaining
the speaker’s intonation and sometimes even his or her identity. The processes
used in such synthesizers differ greatly from those used in unlimited vocabularysynthesizers like S.A.M.
Let’s follow the evolution of an unlimited vocabulary speech synthesizer. First, wemust define the task. Simply. we want to create a system that wilt synthesize any
English utterance. One way to begin would be to record every possible utterance
on tape and just play back the right one whenever we need it. This would take up
more tape or computer memory than could ever exist, so this method is obviously
not too practical.
The next method might be to record all the English words and play them back in a
specific order to create sentences. This is certainly practical. It would take up alarge amount ot memory. but it would work. However, we have lost something inthis process. The words now sound disjointed because we have "spliced" thesentence together. Also, the stress or inflection pattern ot the sentence is either
wrong or non-existent. It we wanted an accurate stress pattern, we would need torecord every word in a number ot different styles, at different pitches. etc.
Such a system needs too much memory. So. let’s break things down even further
and try to store as little as possible in memory. Instead of storing sentences orwords or even syllables, we could store phonemes. Phonemes are the atoms ot
spoken language, the individual speech sounds. It turns out that English has alittle over forty ot them. Wow — this takes up practically no memory at all! We could
specify the phonemes in the order we need to create words and sentences andreally have ourselves a system. So, we go and record the phonemes and play themback to say the sentence, “I am a computer.” Why can we barely understand it? It
seems we have broken things down a bit too tar. When we chop the words down tothis level and then try to reassemble them, everything that blends one sound intoanother is lost and the results are nothing less than horrible.

-17-But all is not lost. Our efforts are not wasted because we have the acousticphonetician to come to our rescue. These people deal in the study of speechsounds and they can tell us just how to repair our phoneme-based system. First,
instead or recording the actual speech waveform, we only store the frequency
spectrums. By doing this, we save memory and pick up other advantages. Second,
we learn that we need to store some data about timing. These are numbers
pertaining to the duration of each phoneme under different circumstances, andalso some data on transition times so we can know how to blend a phoneme into its
neighbors. Third, we devise a system of rules to deal with all this data and, much to
our amazement, our computer is babbling in no time.
The advantages in synthesizing speech in this way are tremendous. We use very
little memory for all the data and the rules to use that data, and we also gain theability to specify inflection, timing, and intonation. This is because we have notstored actual speech sounds, only their spectrums. (You can think of this as a
printer needing only tour colors of ink to reproduce all the colors in a picture.)Now, in actuality, we do not store all the spectrums, but only those that are targets.
Each phoneme has associated with it a target spectrum which can be specified
with very little data. The target may be thought of as a frozen’ speech sound, thesound you would be making if your mouth was frozen exactly in the middle ofpronouncing the phoneme. The timing rules tell the synthesizer how to move fromtarget to target in a manner that imitates the timing of a human talker.
S.A.M. is this type of synthesizer implemented entirely in software. It has the tablesof phoneme spectra and timing, together with the rules for using this data to blend
the sounds together into any English utterance we may have in mind. We have
traded some quality from the method using all the recorded words, but what wehave gained is versatility, practicality, and the ability to do it all in realtime, with very
little memory usage, on an inexpensive microcomputer.

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ENGLISH-TO-PHONETIC SPELLING DICTIONARY-A -approve = AHPRUW4V
area= EH4RIYAH
arm = AA4RM
arrive = AHRAY4V
ask = AE4SK
assumption = AHSAH4MPSHUN
astronomy = AHSTRM4NUMIY
Atari = AHTAA4RIY
atom = AE4TUM
attack = AHTAE4K
audio = AO4DIYOW
authority = AHTHOH4RIXTIY
automatic = AO5TUMAE4TIXK
auxiliary = AOKZIH4LYERIY
available = AHVEH4LAXBULabandon = AHBAE4NDUN
ability = AHBIH4LIXTIY
able = EY4BUL
abort = AHBOH4RT
about = AHBAW4T
above = AHBAH4V
absolute = AE5BSOHLUW4T
abuse = AHBYUW4S
accelerate= EHKSEH4LEREYT
accent = AE4KSEHNT
accept = AEKSEH4PT
access = AE4KSEHS
accident = AE4KSIXDEHNT
account = AHKAW4NT
acknowledge = EHKNAA4LIHJ
action = AE4KSHUN
active = AE4KTIHV
address = AE4DREHS
adjust = AHJAH4ST
adult = AHDAH4LT
advance = EHDVAE4NS
adventure = AEDVEH4NCHER
affair = AHFEY4R
afford = AHFOH4RD
after = AE4FTER
age = EY4J
agree = AHGRIY4
air = EH4R
airplane = EH4RPLEYN
alarm = AHLAA4RM
algebra = AE4LJAXBRAH
alien = EY4LIYIXN
allow = AHLAW4
alone = AHLOW4N
along = AHLAO4NX
alphabet = AE4LFAXBEHT
alternate = AO4LTERNIXT
America = AHMEH4RIXKAH
among = AHMAH4NX
analysis = AHNAE4LIXSIXS
and = AE4ND
anger = AE4NXGER
announce = AHNAW4NS
answer = AE4NSER
antenna = AENTEH4NAH
anticipate = AENTIH4SIXPEYT
apology = AHPM4LAXJIY
appear = AHPIY4R
apple = AE4PUL
appropriate = AHPROH4PRIYIXT- Bbaby = BEY4BIY
back = BAE4K
bad = BAE4D
balance = BAE4LIXNS
bank = BAE4NXK
bargain = BAA4RGUN
base = BEY4S
basic = BEY4SIHK
battle = BAE4TUL
beam = BIY4M
beautiful = BYUW4TIXFUHL
behave = BIY/HEY4V
belief = BIXLIY4F
beneficial = BEH4NAXFIH4SHULbetray = BIYTREY4
better = BEH4TER
bible = BAY48ULbibliography = BIH5BLIYAA4GRAXFIY
bicycle = BAY4SIXKUL
billion = BIH4LYUN
binary = BAY4NEHRIY
bite = BAY4T
black = BAE4K
blast = BLAE4ST
block = BLM4K
blood = BLAH4D
board = BOH4RD
bomb = BAA4M
book = BUH4K
boot = BUW4T
boss = BAO4S
bottle = BM4TUL
bottom = BAA4TUM
box = BAA4KS-19-

boy = BOY4
brain = BREY4N
branch = BRAE4NCH
break = BREY4K
brief = BRIY4F
bring = BRIH4NX
broken = BROW4KIXN
brother = BRAH4DHER
budget = BAH4JIXT
buffer = BAH4FER
bug = bAH4G
bureau = BYER4OW
burglar = BER4GULER
bus = BAH4S
business = BIH4ZNIXS
busy= BIH4ZIY
by = BAY4
byfe = BAY4T

cheap = CHIY4P
cheese = CHIY4Z
child = CHAY4LD
children = CHIH4LDRIXN
chocolate CHAO4KLIXT
choreography = KOH5RIYAA4GRAXFIY
Christmas = KRIIH4SMAXS
church = CHER4CH
cinema = SIH4NUMAH
circle = SER4KUL
circuit = SER4KIXT
circumstance = SER4KUMSTAENS
citizen SIH4TIXSUN
city = SIH4TIY
classify = KLAE4SIXFAY
clear= KLIY4R
close = KLOW4Z
coaxial = KOHAE4KSIYUL
coffee = KAO4 FlY
coherent = KOW/HEH4RIXNT
cold = KOW4LD
college = KAA4LIXJ
color = KAI-I4LER
comfortable = KAH4MFTERBUL
command = KUMAE4ND
common KAA4MUN
company KAHM4PUNIY
complain = KUMPLEY4N
complex = KUMPLEH4KS
component = KAHMPOH4NUNT
computer KUMPYUW4TER
condition = KUNDIH4SHUN
conscience = KAA4NSHUNTS
console = KAA4NSOHL
control = KUNTROH4L
conversation = KAA5NVERSEY4SHUN
coordinate = KOHWOH4DUNIXT
corporation = KOH5RPEREY4SHUN
correction = KOHREH4KSHUN
count = KAW4NT
country = KAH4NTRLY
cousin = KAH4ZIXN
create = KRIYEY4T
critical = KRIH4TIXKUL
culture = KAH4LCHER
curious = KYUH4RIYAXS—C—
cabinet = KAE4BUNIXT
cable = KEY4BUL
calculate = KAE4LKYAXLEYT
calendar = KAE4LUNDER
call = KAO4L
calorie = KAE4LERIY
cancel = KAE4NSULcandy = KAE4NDIY
cant = KAE4NT
capacity = KAXPAE4SIXTIY
captain = KAE4PTIXN
capture = KAE4PCHER
card = KAA4RD
careful = KEH4RFUHL
carry= KEH4RIY
cartridge = KAA4RTRIXJ
case = KEY4S
cashier KAE4SHIY4R
cassette KAXSEH4T
catalog KAE4TULAOG
celebrate = SEH4LAXBREYT
celestIal = SULEH4SCHIYUL
Celsius = SEH4LSIYAXS
center = SEH4NTER
certain = SER4TQN
challenge = CHAE4LIXNJ
change = CHEY4NJ
channel = CHAE4NUL
chapter = CHAE4PTER
charge = CHAA4RJ
chauvenism = SHOH4VIXNIRZUM-Ddanger = DEY4NJER
data = DEY4TAH
decay = DIXKEY4-20-

decide = DIXSAY4D
decibel = DEH4SIXBUL
decrease = DIYKRIY4S
definition = DEH5FUNIH4SHUN
degree = DIXGRIY4
delay = DIXLEY4
demonstrate = DEH4MUNSTREYT
department DIYPAA4RTMIXNT
desire = DIXZAY4ER
develop = DIXVEH4LAHP
dictionary = DIH4KSHUNEHRIY
different = DIH4FRIXNT
discount = DIH4SKAWNT
distance = DIH4STIXNS
distribution = DIH5STRAXBYUW4SHUN
division = DIXVIH4ZHUN
doctor = DAA4KTER
double = DAH4BUL
down = DAW4N
drive = DRAY4V
dungeon = DAH4I’JJUN-Fface = FEY4S
fail = FEY4L
Fahrenheit = FEH4PIXNIHAYT
false = FAO4LS
family = FAE4MULIY
fast = FAE4ST
fatal = FEY4TUL
father = FAA4DHER
fault = FAO4LT
female = FIY4MEYL
light = FAY4T
figure = FIH4GYER
file = FAY4L
filter = FIH4LTtR6
finance = FAY4NAENS
find = FAY4NIJ
finger = FIH4NXGER
finish = FtH4NIXSH
fire = FAY4ER
first = FER4ST
flavor = FLEY4VER
flight = FLAY4T
flow chart = FLOW4CHAART
flower = FLAW4ER
fluorescent = FLUHREH4StXNT
focus = FOW4KAXS
follow = FAA4LOW
foot = FUH5T
force = FOH4RS
formula = FOH4RMYUXLAH
forward FOH4RWERD
fraction = FRAE4KSHUN
fragile = FRAE4JUL
freedom = FRIY4DUM
frequency = FIIIY4KWUNSIY
from = FRkAH4M
fuel = FYUW4L
full = FUH4L.
function = FAH4NXKSHUN
fundamental = FAH5NDUMEH4NTUL
fuse = FYUW4Z
fusion = FYUWSZHUN
future = FYUW4CHER-Eearth= EFl4TH
easy = IY4ZIY
economics = IY5KUNAA4MIXKS
education = EH5JUWKEY4SHUN
either = Y4DHER
eject = IXJEH4KT
electricity = ULEHKTRIH4SIXTIY
electronic = ULEHKTRkA4NIXK
elementary = EH4LUMEH4NTRIY
emphasis = EH4MFAXSIHS
encyclopedia=EHNSAY5KLAXPIY4DIYAH
energy = EH4NERJIY
engineering = EH5NJUNIY4RIHNX
enter = EH4NTER
enunciate = IYNAH4NSIYEYT
equal = IY4KWUL
erase = IXREY4S
error = EH4ROHR
escape = EHSKEY4P
estimate = EH4STUMIXT
Europe = YUH4RAXP
eviL = IY4VUL
excItlhg = EHKSAY4TIHNX
explain = EHKSPLEY4N
expression = EHKSPREH4SHUN
extra = EH4KSTRAH

galaxy = GAE4LAXKSIY
game = GEY4M
garbage = GAA4RBIXJ-21-

gasoline = GAE4SULIYN
gate = GEY4T
general = JEH4NERUL
generate = JEH4NEREYT
genius = JIY4NYAXS
gentle = JEH4NTULgenuine = JEH4NUYXIXN
geometry = JIYAA4MIXTRIY
get = GEH4T
giant =JAY4IXNT
gift = GIH4FT
glass = GLAE4S
gnome = NOW4M
go = GOW4
gold = GOH4LD
good = GUH4D
gourmet = GUHRMEY4
government = GAH4VERNMEHNT
grand = GRAE4ND
graphic = GRAE4FIXK
gravity = GRAE4VIXTIY
ground = GRAW4ND
guarantee = GAE4RIXNTIY4
guide = GAY4D
gun = GAH4N
gyroscope = JAY4RAXSKOWP

home = /HOW4M
honest = AA4NIXST
horoscope = /HOH4RAXSKOWP
hospital = /HM4SPIXTUL
hour = AW4ER
house = /HAW4S
however = /HAWEH4VER
huge = /HYUW4J
human = /HYUW4MUN
humor /HUYW4MER
husband = /HAH4ZBUND
hyper = /HAY4PER
hypothbsis = /HAYPM4THAXSIHS—I—
I = AY4
ice = AY4S
idea = AYDIY4AX
identical = AYDEH4NTIXKUL
identity = AYDEH4NTIXTIY
illusion = IHLUX4ZHUN
image = IH4MIXJ
imagination IHMAE4JIXNEY5SHUN
immobilize = IXMOH4BULAYZ
important = IHMPOH4RTUNT
in = IH4N
inch=IHN4CH
included = IHNKLUX4DIXD
income = IH4NKUM
inconvenient = IHN5KUNVIY4NYUNT
increase = IHNKRIY4S
indeed = IHNDIY4O
index = IH4NOEHKS
indicate = IH4NDIXKEYT
indirect = IH5NDEREH4KT
individual = IH5NDIXVIH4JUWUL
industry = IH4NDAHSTRIY
inferior = IHNFIH4RIYER
inflation = IHNFLEY4SHUN
influence = IH4NFLUWIXNS
information = IH5NFERMEY4SHUN—ing = IHNX
inject = IHNJEH4KT
injure = IH4NJER
initial = IXNIH4SHUL
inside = IHNSAY4D
inspect = IHNSPEH4KT
insulator = IH4NSULEYTER
integer = IH4NTIXJER
intelligent = IHNTEH4LIXJIXNT
interest = IH4NTREHST-Hhabit = /HAE4BIXT
hacker = /HAE4KER
hair = /HEH4R
half = /HAE4F
hallucination = /HULUW4SIXNEY5SHUN
hand = /HAE4ND
happy = /HAE4PIY
hardware = /HAA4RDWEHR
harmony = /HAA4RMUNIY
have = /HAE4V
head = /HEH4D
heart = /HAA4RT
helicopter = /HEH4LIXKAAPTER
hello = /HEH4LOW
here/ = HIY4R
hero = /HIY4ROW
herta = /HER4TS
hesitate = /HEH4ZIXTEY6~
hexadecimal = /HEH5KSIXDEH4SUMUL
high = /HAY4
history = /HIH4STERIY
hobby = /HAA4BIY
hold = /HOW4LD-22-interference = IH4NTERFIY4RIXNS
intermittent = IH4NTERMIH4TNNT
invader = IHNVEY4DER
invent = IHNVEH4NT
inverse = IH4NVERS
involve = IHNVAA4LV
iron = AY4ERN
irrational = IHRAE4SHUNUL
isolate = AY4SULEYT
issue = IH4SHUW
item = AY4TUM

late = LEY4T
laugh = LAE4F
launch = LAO4NGH
law = LAO4
layer = LEY4ER
lead = LIY4D
lease = LIY4S
lecture = LEH4KCHER
left = LEH4FT
legal = LIY4GUL
legend = LEH4JIXND
leisure = LIY4ZHER
length = LEH4NTH
letter = LEH4TER
level = LEH4VULliberal = LIH4BERUL
life = LAY4F
lift = LIH4FT
light = LAY4T
like = LAY4K
limit = LIH4MIXT
linear = LIH4NIYER
liquid = LIH4KWIXD
list = LIH4ST
listen = LIH4SIXN
literature = LIH4TERIXCHER
little = LIH4TUL
load = LOW4D
local = LOW4KUL
location = LOWKEY4SHUN
lock = LAA4K
logarithm = LAO4GERJH5DHUM
logical = LAA4JIHKUL
long= LAO4NX
look = LUH4K
loop = LUW4P
lose = LOW4Z
love = LAH4V
low=LOW4
loyal = LOY4UL
luminescence = LUW4MIXNEH5SIXNS
lunatic = LUW4NAXTIH6K
luxury = LAH4GZHERIY—j—jacket = JAE4KIXT
jam = JAE4M
jargon = JM4RGUN
jazz = JAE4Z
jiffy = JIH4FIY
job = JAA4B
join = JOY4N
joke = JOW4K
judge = JAH4J
jump = JAH4MP
junction = JAH4NXKSHUN
junior = JUW4NYER
just = JAH4ST
jail = JEY4L
jewelry = JUW4LRIY
journey = JER4NIY
jungle = JAH4NXGUL
junk = JAH4NXK-Kkeep = KIY4P
key = KIY4
keyboard = KIY4BOHRD
kilobyte=KIH4LAXBAYT
kind = KAY4ND
kingdom = KIH4NXGDUM
knight = NAY4T
knowledge = NAA4LIXJ
-L-

-M-

label=LEY4BUL
lady = LEY4DIY
language = LAE4NXGWIXJ
large = LAA4RJ
laser = LEY4ZER
last = LAE4ST

machine = MAXSHIY4N
madam = MAE4DUM
made = MEY4D
magazine = MAEGAXZIY4N
magic = MAE4JIHK
magnet = MAE4GNIXT-23-

magnitude = MAE4GNIHTUX5D
mail = MEY4L
main = MEY4N
major = MEY4JER
make = MEY4K
malfunction = MAE5LFAH4NXKSHUN
man = MAE4N
manager = MAE4NIXJER
maneuver = MUNUW4VER
manipuIate = MUNIH4PYIJHLEYT
manual = MAE4NYUWUL
manufacture = MAE5NUYXFAE4KCH ER
many = MEH4NIY
marginal = MAA4RJIXNUL
market = MAA4RKIXT
marriage = MEH4RIXJ
mass = MAE4S
master = MAE4STER
mate = MEY4T
material = MAXTIH4RIYUL
mathematics = MAE4THUMAE5TIXKS
mature = MAXCHUX4R
maximum = MAE4KSIXMUM
may = MEY4
meaning = MUY4NIHNX
measure = MEH4ZHER
mechanical = MIXKAE4NIHKUL
mechanism = MEH4KUNIHZUM
media = MIY4DIYAH
medical = MEH4DIXKUL
medium = MIY4DIYUM
member = MEH4MBER
memory = MEH4MERIY
mental = MEH4NTUL
menu = MEH4NYUW
merchandise = MER4CHUNDAY5S
merge = MER4J
metal = MEH4TUL
meter = MIY4TER
method = MEH4THIXD
micro = MAY4KROW6
middle = MIH4DUL
might = MAY4T
mile = MAY4L
military = MIH4LIXTEH6RIY
million = MIH4LYUN
mind = MAY4ND
mineral = MIH4NERUL
miniature = MIH4NIYAXCHER
minimuni = MIH4NIXMUM
minus = MAY4NIXS
miracle = MIH4RIXKUL

miscellaneous = MIH5SULEY4NIYAXS
missile = MIH4SUL
mister = MIH4STER
mixture = MIH4KSGHER
mnemonic = NIXMAA4NIXK
model = MAA4DUL
modulation = MM4JULEY5SHUN
molecule = MAA4LIXKYUWL
moment = MOH4MIXNT
money = MAH4NIY
monitor = MAA4NIXTER
monolithic = MAANULI H4THIXK
monotone = MAA4NAXTOW6N
month = MAH4NTH
moon = MUW4N
morning = MOH4RNIHNX
most = MOW4ST
mother = MAH4DHER
motion = MOW4SHUN
motor = MOW4TER
mouth = MAW4TH
move = MUW4V
much = MAH4CH
multiply = MAH4LTIX6PLAY
murder = MER4DER
muscle = MAH4SUL
music = MYUW4ZIXK
must = MAH4ST
my = MAY4
myself = MAYSEH4LF
mystery = MIH4STERIY-Nnaive = NAY5IY4V
name = NEY4M
narrate = NAE4REYT
narrow = NAE4ROW
natural = NAE4CHERUL
nature = NEY4CHER
navigate = NAE4VIXGEYT
near= NIY4R
need = NIY4D
negative = NEH5GAXTIH6V
negotiate = NIXGOW4SH1YEYT
neighborhood = NEY4BER/HUH6D
nerve = NER4V
neutral = NUX4TRULnews = NUW4Z
nice = NAY4S
night = NAY4T
noise = NOY4Z-24-

nomenclature = NOH4MIXNKLEY6GHER
none = NAH4N
normal = NOH4RMUL
north = NOH4RTH
nose = NOW4Z
notation = NOHTEy4SHUN
notice = NOW4TIXS
nothing = NAH4THIHNX
now = NAW4
nuclear = NUX4KLIYER
number = NAH4MBER

outside = AWTSAY4D
over = OW4VER
own = OW4N
oxygen = AA4KSAXJIXN- Ppack = PAEPAE4K
package = PAE4KIXJ
page = PEY4J
paint = PEY4NT
pair = PEH4R
palace = PAE4LIXS
panel = PAE4NUL
paper = PEY4PER
parabola = PERAE4BULAH
paradox = PAE4RAXDAA6KS
parallel = PAE4RULEH6L
caragraph = PAE4RAXGRAEF
pardon = PAA4RDUN
parent = PEH4RUNT
parity = PAE4RIXTIY
park = PAA4RK
part = PAA4RT
particle = PAA4RTIXKUL
particular = PAARTIH4KYUHLER
pass = PAE4S
patch = PAE4TCH
pathetic = PAHTHEH4TIXK
pattern = PAE4TERN
pause = PAO4Z
pay = PEY4
payroll PEY4ROW6L
peculiar = PIXKYUW4LYER
penalty = PEH4NULTIY4
penetrate = PEH4NAXTREY6T
perception = PERSEH4PSHUN
perfect = PER4FIXKT
period = PIH4RIYIXD
permanent = PER4MUNIXNT
permission = PERMIH4SHUN
person = PER4SUN
personality = PER4SUNAE5LIX1
perspective = PERSPEH4KTIXV
pet = PEH4T
phantom = FAE4NTUM
phase = FEY4Z
phenomenon = FUNAA4MIXNU
philosophy = FULAA4SAH Flyphoneme = FOW4NIYM
photo = FOW4TOW
physical = FIH4ZIXKUL-0object = AA4BJEHKT
obligation = AA5BLIXGEY4SHUN
observe = AXBZER4V
obvious = AA4BVIYAXS
occational = AHKEY4ZHUNUL
occupation = AA5KYUXPEY4SHUN
ocean = OW4SHUN
odd = AA4D
of = AH4V
off = AO4F
offer = AO4FER
office = AO4FIXS
official = AHFIH4SHUL
ogre = OW4GER
ohm = OW4M
oil = OY4L
O.K. = OW4 KEY
old = OW4LD
omen = OW4MUN
on = AA4N
open = OW4PUN
operate = AA4PEREYT
opinion = AHPIH4NYUN
oppose = AHPOW4Z
opposite = AA4PAXSIHT
option = AA4PSHUN
orbit = OH4RBIHT
orchestra = OH4RKEHSTRAH
order = OH4RDER
ordinary = OH4RDIXNEHRIY
organize = OH4GUNAYZ
origin = OH4RIXJIXN
oscillation = AA5SULEY4SHUN
other = AH4DHER
ought = AO4T
out = AW4T
outlet = AW4TLEHT
output = AW4TPUHT-25-

physics = FIH4ZIXKS
piano = PYAE4NOW
pick = PIH4K
picture = PIH4KCHER
pilot = PAY4LIXT
pin = PIH4N
pirate = PAY4RIXT
pistol = PIH4STUL
pitch = PIH4TCH
pity = PIH4TIY
place = PLEY4S
plan = PLAE4N
planet = PLAE4NIXT
plastic = PLAE4STIXK
plausible = PLAO4ZAXBUL
play = PLEY4
please = PLIY4Z
pleasure = PLEH4ZHER
plectrum = PLEH4KTRUM
plenty = PLEH4NTIY
plot = PLM4T
plug = PLAH4G
plus = PLAH4S
poetry = POW4IXTRIY
point = POY4NT
poke = POW4K
police = PULIY4S
policy = PAA4LIXSIY
polynomial = PAA5LIXNOH4MIYUL
pop = PAA4P
popular= PM4PYULER
population = PAA4PYULEY4SHUN
port = POH4RT
portable = POH4RTAXBUL
positive = PM4ZIXTIX6V
position = PAXZIH4SHUN
power = PAW4ER
practice = PRAE4KTIHS
precise = PRIXSAY4S
prefer = PRIXFER4
prelimianry = PREIXLIH4MIXNEHRIY
prepare = PRIXPEH4R
present = PREH4ZIXNT
press = PREH4S
pressure = PREH4SHER
prevent = PRIXVEH4NT
primary= PRAY4MEHRIY
primitive = PRIH4MIXTIX6V
prince = PRIH4NS
princess = PRIH4NSEHS
print = PRIH4NT
private = PRAY4VIXT

probably = PRM4BAXBLIY
problem = PRAA4BLUM
proceed = PROHSIY4D
process = PRAA4SEHS
produce = PRAXDUW4S
professional = PRAXFEH4SHUNUL
professor = PRAHFEH4SER
profit = PRAA4FIXT
program = PROW4GRAEM
project = PRM4JEHKT
promise = PRAA4MIHS
pronounce = PRUNAW4NS
proper = PRAA4PER
proportional = PRAXPOH4RSHUNUL
protect = PRAXTEH4KT
proud = PRAW4D
psychiatrist = SAYKAY4AXTRIX6ST
public = PAH4BLIXK
publish = PAH4BLIHSH
pull = PUH4L
pulse = PAH4LS
pure = PYUW4R
push = PUH4SH
put = PUH4T-Qquality = KWAA4LIXTIY
quantity = KWAA4NTIXTIY
question = KWEH4SCHUN
quick= KWIH4K
quiet = KWAY4IXT
quit = KWI~4T
quiz = KWIH4Z
quote = KWOW4T
quotient = KWOW4SHUNT

race = REY4S
radar = REY4DAAR
radiation = REY5DIYEY4SHUN
radio = REY4OIYOW
radius REY4DIYAHS
rain = REY4N
random = RAE4NDUM
range = REY4NJ
rare = REH4R
rate = REY4T
rather =RAE4DHER
ratio = REY4SHIYOW
reach = RIY4CH-26-

reaction = HIYAE4KSHUN
read = RIY4D
realistic = RIY5LIH4STIXK
reason = RIY4ZUN
receive = RIXSIY4V
reciter= RIXSAY4TER
recognize = REH4KAXGNAYZ
recommend = REH5KUMEH4ND
record = REH4KERD
recover = RIYKAH4vER
rectangle = REH4KTAENXGUL
reduce = RIXDUW4S
refer = RIYFER4
reference = REH4FERIXNS
reflection = RIXFLEH4KSHUN
refrigerator = RIXFRIH4JEREYTER
region = RIY4JUN
register = REH4JIXSTER
regular = REH4GYUXLER
reject = RIXJEH4KT
relativity = REH5LAXTIH4VIXTIY
relax = RIXLAE4KS
relay = RIY4LEY
release = RIXLIY4S
relief = RIYLIY4F
religion = RIXLUH4JUN
remain = RIYMEY4N
remember = RIXMEH4MBER
remove = RIYMUX4V
rent = REH4NT
repeat = RIXPIY4T
replace = RIXPLEY4S
reply = RIXPLAY4
report = RIXPOH4RT
represent = REHPRIXZEH4NT
reproduction = RIY5PRAXDAH4KSHUN
republic = RIXPAH4BLIXK
rescue = REH4SKYUW
research = RIY4SERCH
reserve = RIXZER4V
resistance = RIXZIH4STUNS
respect = RIXSPEH4KT
response = RIXSPAA4NS
rest = REH4ST
restore = RIXSTOH4R
retail = RIY4TEY6L
return = RIXTER4N
reverse = RIXVER4S
review = RIXVYUW4
revolution = REH5VULUXWSHUN
rhapsody = RAE4PSAXDIY
rhythm = RIH4DHUM

rich = RIH4CH
ride = RAY4D
ridiculous = RIXDIH4KYULAxS
right = RAY4T
rigid = RIH4JIXD
ring = RIH4NX
rise = RAY4Z
river = RIH4VER
road = ROW4D
rocket = RAA4KIXT
roll = ROH4L
room = RUW4M
rough = RAH4F
round = RAW4ND
rubber = RAH4BER
rule = RUW4L
run = RAH4N
rush = RAH4SH-Ssabotage = SAE5BAXTAA6ZH
sacrifice = SAE4KRIXFAYS
sad = SAE4D
safe = SEY4F
safety = SEY4FTIY
saint = SEY4NT
sale = SEY4L
SAM. = SAE4M
same = SEY4M
sample = SAE4MPUL
sanctuary = SAE4NXKCHUWEH6RIY
sandwich = SAE4NWIXCH
sarcasm = SM4RKAEZUM
satisfaction = SAE4TIXSFAE4KSHUN
savage = SAE4VIXJ
save = SEY4V
say = SEY4
scale = SKEY4L
scandal = SKAE4NDUL
scarce = SKEY4RS
scatter = SKAE4TER
scenic = SIY4NIXK
schedule = SKEH4JYUWL
scheme = SKIY4M
scholar = SKAA4LER
school = SKUW4L
science = SAY4IHNS
scientific = SAY4UNTIH5FIXK
scientific = SAY4AXNTIH5FIXK
scissors = SIH4ZERZ
score = SKOH4R-27-

scramble = SKRAE4MBULscratch = SKRAE4GH
scream = SKRIY4M
screw = SKRUW4
script = SKRIH4PT
scroll = SKROW4L
seal = SIY4L
search = SER4CH
season = SIY4ZUN
second = SEH4KUND
secret = SIY4KRIXT
secretary = SEH4KRIXTEH5RIY
section = SEH4KSHUN
security = SIXKYUH4RIXTIY
see = SIY4
seek = SIY4K
segment = SEH4GMIXNT
self = SEH4LF
sell = SEH4L
semi- = SEH4MIY
send = SEH4ND
sensation = SEHNSEY4SHUN
senior = SIY4NYER
sense = SEH4NS
sensible = SEH4NSIXBUL
sensitive = SEH4NSIXTIX6V
sentence = SEH4NTIXNS
separate = SEH4PERIXT
sequence = SIY4KWEHNS
serial = SIH4RIYUL
serious = SIH4RIYAHS
serve = SER4V
service = SER4VIXS
session = SEH4SHUN
set = SEH4T
settle = SEH4TUL
several = SEH4VERULsex = SEH4KS
shadow = SHAE4DOW
shake = SHEY4K
shame = SHEY4M
shape = SHEY4P
share = SHEY4R
sharp = SHAA4RP
she = SHIY4
sheet = SHIY4T
shield = SHIY4LD
shift = SHIH4FT
shook = SHAA4K
shoot = SHUW4T
shop = SHAA4P
short = SHOH4RT

should = SHUH4D
show = SHOW4
shy = SHAY4
sick = SIH4K
side = SAY4D
sight = SAY4T
sign = SAY4N
signal = SIH4GNUL
silent = SAY4LIXNT
silver = SIH4LVER
similar = SIH4MULER
simple = SIH4MPUL
simplicity = SIHMPLIH4SIXTIY
simulator = SIH4MYULEYTER
sin = SIH4N
single = SIH4NXGUL
sinister = SIH4NIXSTER
sir = SER4
siren = SAY4RIXN
sit = SIH4T
situation = SIH5GHUWEY4SHUN
skeptical = SKEH4PTIXKUL
sketch = SKEH4TCH
skill = SKIH4L
skip = SKIH4P
slang = SLAE4NX
sleep = SLIY4P
sleeve = SLIY4V
slip = SLIH4P
slot = SLAA4T
slow = SLOW4
small = SMAO4L
smart = SMAA4RT
smell = SMEH4L
smooth = SMUW4DH
snap = SNAE4P
so = SQW4social = SOW4SHULsociety = SAXSAY4IXTIY
soft = SAO4FTsolar = SOW4LER
soldier = SOH4LJER
solemn = SAA4LUM
solid = SAA4LIXD
solitude = SAA4LIXTUW6D
solution = SULUW4SHUN
some = SAH4M
somebody = SAH4MBAADIY
song = SAO4NXsoon = SUW4N
sophisticated = SAXFIH4STIXKEYTIXD
sorry = SkA4RIY-28-

son = SOH4RT
sound = SAW4ND
south = SAW4TH
space = SPEY4S
spare = SPEY4R
spatial = SPEY4SHULspeak = SPIY4I≤
special = SPEH4SHUL
specific = SPAXSIH4FIxK
speculate = SPEH4KYULEYT
speech = SPIY4CH
speed = SPIY4D
spell = SPEH4L
spend = SPEH4ND
sphere = SFIY4R
spin = SPIH4N
spiral = SPAY4RUL
Spirit = SPIH4RIXT
splendid = SPLEH4NDIXD
split = SPLIH4T
spoil = SPOY4L
spontaneous = SPAANTEY4NIYAHS
sports = SPOH4RTS
spot = SPAA4T
spread = SPREH4IJ
spring = SPRIH4NX
spy = SPAY4
square = SKWEH4R
squeeze = SKWIY4Z
stability = STAXBIH4LIXTIY
staff = STAE4F
stand = STAE4ND
standard = STAE4NDERD
star = STAA4R
start = STAA4RT
State = STEY4T
static = STAE4TIXK
station = STEY4SHUN
stay = STEY4
steady = STEH4DIY
steer = STIY4R
step = STEH4P
stereo = STEH4RIYOW
stick = STIH4K
stimualte = STIH4MYULEYT
stock = STAA4K
stone =STOW4N
stop = STAA4P
store = STOH4R
story = STOH4RIY
straight = STREY4T
Strange = STREY4NJ

strategy = STRAE4TIXJIY
street = STRIY4T
strength = STREY4NTH
strike = STRAY4K
strong = STRAO4NXStructure = STRAH4KGHER
stubborn = STAH4BERN
student = STUW4DIXNTStudy = STAH4DIY
stuff = STAH4F
stupid = STUX4PIXD
style = STAY4L
subject = SAH4RJEHKTsubstance = SAH4BSTIXNS
subtle = SAH4TUL
succession = SAHKSEH4SHUN
succeed = SAHKSIY4D
such = SAH4CH
sudden = SAH4DIXN
suggest = SAHGJEH4ST
sum = SAH4M
summer = SAH4MER
sun = SAH4N
super = SUX4PER
superb = SUXPER4B
superior = SUXPIH4RIYER
supply = SAXPLAY4
support = SAXPOH4RT
sure = SHUX4R
surprise = SERPRAY4Z
surroundings = SERAW4NDIHNXGZsuspend = SAHSPEH4ND
swear = SWEH4R
sweep = SWIY4P
swell = SWEH4L
swing = SWIH4NX
syllable = SIH4LAXBULsymbol = SIH4MBULsymbolic = SIHMBAA4LIXK
symmetric = SIHMEH4TRIXK
sympathy = SIH4MPAXTHIY
synchronize = SIH4NXKRAX5NAYZ
synonym = SIH4NUNIXM
system = SIH4STUM
synthesizer = SIH4NTHAXSAYZER-Ttab = TAE4B
table = TEY4BUL
tactical = TAE4KTIXKUL
tail = TEY4L-29-

take = TEY4K
talent = TAE4LIX6NT
tall = TAO4L
talk = TAO4K
tap = TAE4P
tape = TEY4P
target = TAA4RGIXT
task = TEY4SK
tax = TAE4KS
teach = TIY4CH
team = TIY4M
technical = TEH4KNIXKULtechnology = TEHKNAA4LAXJIY
telephone = TEH4LAX6FOWN
television = TEH4tAX6VIXZHUN
temper = TEH4M PER
tender = TEH4NDER
tense = TEH4NS
tension = TEH4NsHuN
term = TER4M
terminal = TER4MIXNUL
terrestrial = TER6EH4STRIY6UL
terrible = TEH4RAXBUL
territory = TEH4RAXTOH6RIY
terror = TEH4RER6
test = TEH4ST
testimony = TEH4STUMOHNIY
text = TEH4KST
than = DHAE4N
than = DHAE4N
thank = THAE4NXK
that = DHAE4T
the = DHAH4
theater = THIY4AHTER
then = DHEH4N
theorem = THIY4RUM
theory = THIY4RIY
thermometer = THERMM4MIXTER
thesis = THIY4SIXS
they = DHEY4
thin = TRIH4N
thing = THIH4NX
think = THIH4NXI(
this = DHIH4S
thought = THAO4T
threshold = THREH4SH/HOWLD
through = THRUW4
ticket = TIH4KIXT
tight = TAY4T
time = TAY4M
tiny = TAY4NIY
tired = TAY4ERD

title = TAY4TUL
together = TUXGEH4DHER
tolerance = TAA4LERIXNS
tone = TOW4N
tool = TUW4L
top = TAA4P
toss = TAO4S
touch = TAH4CH
tough = TAH4F
tournament = TER4NUMIXNT
toward = TOH4RD
toward = TOW4RD
town = TAW4N
toy = TOY4
trace = TREY4S
track = TRAE4K
trade = TREY4D
tradition = TRAXDIH4SHUN
traffic = TRAE4FIXK
trail = TREY4L
trajectory = TRAXJEH4KTERYtransaction = TRAENZAE4KSHUN
transfer = TRAE4NSFER
transform = TRAENSFOH4RM
transistor = TRAENZIH4STER
translate = TRAE4NZLEYTtransmit = TRAE4NZMIXT
transparent = TRAE5NSPEH4RIXNT
transportation =TRAE5NZPOHRTEY4SHUN
trap = TRAE4P
treasury = TREH4ZHERIY
tree = TRIY4
trek = TREH4K
tremendous = TRIXMEH4NDAXS
trespass = TREH4SPAES
trial = TRAY4UL
trangle = TRAY4AENXGUL
trick = TRIH4K
trgger = TRIH4GER
trim = TRIH4M
trip = TRIH4P
triple = TRIH4PUL
triumph = TRAY4AHMF
troll = TROW4L
trophy = TROW4FIY
trouble = TRAH4BUL
truck = TRAH4K
true = TRUW4
truth = TRUW4TH
try = TRAY4
tune =TUW4N
tunnel = TAH4NUL-30-

turn = TER4N
tutor = TUW4TER
twist = TWIH4ST
type = TAY4P
typewriter = TAY4PRAYTER

video = VIH4OIYOW
village = VIH4LIXJ
vinyl = VAY4NUL
violation = VAY4AXLEY5SHUN
virtue = VER4CHUW
visible = VIH4ZIXBUL
visit = VIH4ZIXT
vital = VAY4TUL
vocabulary = VOHKAE4BYULEHRIY
vocal = VOW4KULvoice = VOY4S
volt = VOW4LT
volume = VAA4LYUWM
voluntary = VAA4LUNTEH5RIY vote = VOW4T
vowel = VAW4UL
voyage = VOY4IXJ
video = VIH4DIYOW-Uugly = AH4GLIY
ultimate = AH4LTAX6MIXT
uncle = AH4NKUL
under = AH4NDER
understand = AH5NDERSTAE4ND
uniform = YUW4NIXFQHRM
union = YUW4NYUN
unit = YUW4NIXT
universal = YUW5NIXVER4SUL
unless = AHNLEH4S
up = AH4P
upset = AHPSEH4T
urge = EH4RJ
use = YUW4S
utility = YUWTIH4LIXTIY-Wwater = WEY4FER
wage = WEY4J
wait = WEY4T
wake = WEY4K
walk = WAO4K
wall = WAO4L
war = WOH4R
warm = WOH4RM
warp = WOH4RP
warranty = WOH5RIXNTIY4
wash = WAA4SH
waste = WEY4ST
watch = WAA4CH
water = WAO4TER
watt = WAA4T
wave = WEY4V
way = WEY4
weak = WIY4K
wealth = WEH4LTH
wear = WEH4R
wedding = WEH4DIHNX
week = WIY4K
weight = WEY4
welcome = WEH4LKUM
well = WEH4L
were = WER4
what = WHAH4T
wheel = WHIY4L
when = WHEH4N-Vvacation = VEYKEY4SHUN
vacuum = VAE4KYUWM
vague = VEY4G
valid = VAE4LIXD
value = VAE4LYUW
valve = VAE4LV
vanadium = VUNEY4DIYUM
vapor = VEY4 PER
variation = VEH5RIYEY4SHUN
various = VEH4RIYAHS
vary = VEH4RIY
veal = VIY4L
vector = VEH4KTER
vegetable = VEH4JTAXBUL
vehicle = VIY4IX6KUL
ventilate = VEH4NTULEYT
verb = VER4B
versatile = VER4SAXTUL
verse = VER4S
version = VER4ZHUN
vertical = VER4TIXKULvery = VEH4RIY
veto = VIY4TQW
vibration = VAYBREY4SHUN
vicinity = VAXSIH4NIXTIY
victory = VIH4KTERIY-31-

which = WHIH4CH
while = WHAY4L
whisper = WHIH4SPER
white = WHAY4T
who = /HUW4
whole = /HOW4L
wide = WAY4D
wild = WAY4LD
will = WIH4L
win = WIH4N
window = WIH4NDOW
wing = WIH4NX
winter = WIH4NTER
wise = WAY4Z
wish = WIH4SH
with = WIH4TH
wizard = WIH4ZERD
woman = WUH4MUN
women = WIH4MIXN
wonder = WAH4NDER
word = WER4D
Wordrace = WER2D REYS
work = WER4K
world = WUH4RLD
worry = WER4IY
would = WUH4D
wrap = RAE4P
write = RAY4T
wrong = RAO4NX

zig-zag = ZIH3GZAEG
zip = ZIH4P
zodiac = ZOW4DIY6AEKzone = ZOW4N- DAYS OF THE WEEK Monday = MAH4NDEY
Tuesday = TUW4ZDEY
Wednesday = WEH4NZDEY
Thursday = THER4ZDEY
Friday = FRAY4DEY
Saturday = SAE4TERDEY
Sunday = SAH4NDEY- MONTHS OF THE YEAR January = JAE4NYUXEHRIY
February = FEH4BRUXEH6RIYMarch = MAA4RCH
April = EY4PRIXL
May = MEY4
June = JUW4N
July = JUHLAY4
August = AO4GAXST
September = SEHPTEH4MBER
October = AAKTOW4BER
November = NOHVEH4MBER
December = DIHSEH4MBER-NUMBERS-

Zerox = ZIH4RAAKS
X-ray = EH4KSREY
xylophone = ZAY4LAXFOWN

one = WAH4N
two = TUW4
three = THRIY4
four = FOH4R
five = FAY4V
six = SIH4KS
seven = SEH4VIXN
eight = EY4T
nine = NAY4N
ten = TEH4N
eleven = IXLEH4VIXN
twelve = TWEH4LV
Lhirteen = THER4TIY6N
twenty = TWEH4NTIY
thirty = THER4TIY
hundred = /HAH4NDRIXD
thousand = THAW4ZUND
million = MIH4LYUN—Y—
yacht = YAA4T
yard = YAA4RD
yawn = YAO4N
year = YIH4R
yellow = YEH4LOW
yes = YEH4S
you = YUW4
your = YOH4R
youth = YUX4TH—Z—
zany = ZEY4NIYzero = ZIY4ROW-32-

- STATES AND PROVINCES -West Virginia = WEH5ST VERJIH4NYAH
Wisconsin = WIHSKAA4NSUN
Wyoming = WAYOW4MIHNX

United States = YUWNAY4TIXD STEY4TS
Alabama = AE4LAXBAE6MAX
Alaska = AHLAE4SKAH
Arizona = EH4.RAXZOW5NAH
Arkansas = AA4RKUNSAO
California = KAE5LAxFOH4RNYAH
Colorado = KAA5LAXRAA4DOW
Connecticut = KAHNEH4TIXKAHT
DelaTware = DEH4LAXWEH6R
Florida = FLOH4RIXDAH
Georgia = JOH4RJAH
Hawaii = /HAHWAY4IY
Idaho = AY4DAH/HOW
Illinois = IHLUNOY4
Indiana = IH5NDIYAE4NAH
Iowa = AY4AHWAH
Kansas = KAE4NZIXS
Kentucky= KEHNTAH4KIYLouisiana = LUXIY4ZIYAE5NAH
Maine = MEY4N
Maryland = MEH4RULIXND
Massachusetts = MAE5SAXCHUW4SIXTSMichigan = MIH4SAXGUN
Minnesota = MIH5NAXSOVVATA~
Mississippi = MlH5SlXSlH~IF’
Missouri = MIHZUH4RIY
Montana = MAANTAE4NAH
Nebraska = NAXBRAE4SKAH
Nevada = NAXVAE4DAH
New Hampshire = NUW6/HAE4MPSHER
New Jersey = NUWJER4ZIY
New Mexico = NUWMEH4KSIXKOWNew York = NUWYOH4RK
North Carolina = NOH4RTH
KEH5RULAY4NAH
North Dakota= NOH4RTH DAHKOW4TAH
Ohio=OW/HAY4OW
Oklahoma = OWKLAX6/HOW4MAH
Oregon = OH4RIXGUN
Pennsylvania = PEH5NSULVEY4NYAH
Rhode Island = ROW5D AY4LUND
South Carolina = SAW4TH
KEH5RULAY4NAH
South Dakota = SAW4TH DAXKOW4TAH
Tennessee = TEH5NAXSIY4
Texas = TEH4KSAXS
Utah = YUW4TAO6
Vermont = VERMAA4NT
Virginia = VERJIH4NYAH
Washington = WAA4SHIHNXTAHNProvinces of Canada =PRAA4VIXNSIXZ AHV KAE4NAXDAH
Alberta = AELBER4TAH
British Columbia =BRIH4TIXSH KAHLAH4MBIYAH
Manitoba = MAE5NIXTOW4RAH
New Brunswich = NUWBRAH4NZWIXK
Newfoundland = NUW4FIXNLIXND
Nova Scotia = NOH4VAXSKOW4SHAH
Ontario = AANTEH4RIYOW
Prince Edward Island =PRIH5NS EH4DWERD AY4LUND
Quebec = KUHBEH4K
Saskatchewan = SAESKAE4CHAXWAAN- UNITS —units = YUW4NIXTS
inches = IH4NCHIXZ
feet = FIY41
yards = YM4RDZ
miles = MAY4LZ
centimeters = SEH4NTIXMIY6TERZ
kilometers = KIXLAA4MIXTERZ
acres = EY4KERZ
ounces = AW4NSIXZ
pounds = PAW4NDZ
tons = TAH4NZ
grams = GRAE4MZ
teaspoons = TIY4SPUWNZ
cups = KAH4PS
pints = PAY4NTS
quarts = KWOH4RTS
gallons = GAE4LUNZ
liters = LIY4TERZ
degrees = DAXGRIY4Z-33-

FINDING PHONEME SPELLING ERRORS
If you have made a phonetic spelling mistake that causes S.A.M. to be unable tobreak your string down into phonemes, he will beep twice at you and come back toApplesoft without speaking. The location of the bad letter in the string is stored for
you to examine. You may PEEK at this location in a program to see where the firsterror in spelling was and then make the required change.
Here is a sample error-checking and display program:

100 SA$=”MAY VOY4C IHZ BIHZAA5R.”
110 CALL 38128
120 IFPEEK(38143)<255 THEN GOSUB 1000:REM ERROR CHECK

1000 REM ERROR DISPLAY— ERROR APPEARS IN INVERSE
1010 N = PEEK(38143): REM ERROR BYTE
1020 IF N = 1 GOTO 1040
1030 PRINT LEFT$ (SA$, N-i)
1040 INVERSE: PRINT MID$ (SA$, N, 1);1050 NORMAL: IF LEN (SA$)= N THEN PRINT: RETURN
1060 PRINT RIGHT$ (SA$, LEN (SA$)-N)
1070 RETURN
The inverse character marks the spot where SAM. could no longer continue
reading the string.

TECHNICAL NOTESUSES OF S.A.M.’S D/A CONVERTER BOARD
The board included with S.A.M. is a general purpose, 8-bit digital-to-analog
converter connected to an audio amplifier. To output a value to the converter, a
STA, STX, or STY $CONO instruction is executed in a machine language program.
N = B + the slot number of the board. (The use of the board from BASIC is
not practical because BASIC runs far too slowly.) By rapidly outputting different
values to the converter, an audio waveform may be defined. Using SAM’s board,machine language programmers have the opportunity to create and output any
sound imaginable.

-34-

SLOT PORTABILITY
When S.A.M. is loaded, the slot number he outputs to is always #4. If your slot #4 isin use by some other card, you may change the slot number by doing a
POKE 38140,N in your program, where N is the slot number.

MEMORY MAP

Notice: Reciter partially overlaps HI-RES page 2-35-

LISTING OF GUESSNUM
1REM-- GUESSNUM -10 HIMEM: 16600
20 A = 38128: REM SAM’S ADOR
30 HOME :N = INT (99 RND (1)) + 1
40 SA$ = "GEH3S DHAX NAH4M8ER BIXTWIY5N WAH4N Q AEND WAHN6 /HAH4NDRIHD:CALL A
50 HTAB I9: INPUT G
60 IF G > 99 THEN SA$ = "DHAE5TS MOHER DHAEN WAI-t~ /HAH4NORIHD.”: CALL A
GOTO 56
70 IF 0C 1 THEN SAt DHAESTS LEH3S DHAEN WAH6N." : CALL A: GOTO 50
80 C$ = " "90 IF G < 10 THEN 8$ = " ": GOTO 310
100 ON G - 9 GOTO 120,130,140,150,160,170,180,190,260, 210
110 GOTO 220
120 B$ = "TEH4N": GOTO 430
130 B$ = "IHLEH4VIXN: GOTO 430
140 B$ = “TWEH4LV": GOTO 430
150 B$ = "THER4TIY6N": GOTO 430
160 B$ = "FOH4RTIY6N": GOTO 430
170 B$ = "FIH4FTIY6N": GOTO 430
190 B$ = “SIH4KSTIY6N": GOTO 430
190 B$ = "SEH4VUNTIY6N": GOTO 430
280 B$ = "EY4TIY6N”: GOTO 430
210 B$ = “NAY4NT1Y6N": GOTO 430
220 ONINT (G / 10) — 1 GOTO 230,240,250,260,270,280,290,300
230 B$ — "THEH4NTIY": GOTO 310
240 B$ = "THER4TIY": GOTO 310
250 B$ = "FOH4RT1Y": GOTO 310
260 B$ = "FIH4FTIY" : GOTO 310
270 B$"S1H4KST1Y": GOTO 310
280 B$ = "SEH4VUNTIY: GOTO 310
290 B$ = "EY4TIY": GOTO 320
300 B$ = "NAY4NTIY"
310 R = G — 10 INT (G / 10)
320 IF R = 0 GOTO 430
330 ON R GOTO 340,350,360,370,380,390,480,410, 420
340 C$ = "WAH5N": GOTO 430
350 C$ = "TUW5": GOTO 430
360 C$ = "THRIY5": GOTO 430
370 C$ = "FOH5R": GOTO 430
380 C$ = "FAY5V": GOTO 430
390 C$ = "S1H5KS": GOTO 430
400 C$ = "SEH5VUN": GOTO 430
410 C$ = "EY5T": GOTO 430
420 C$ = "NAYSN"
430 IF G > (N + 25) THEN R$ = " IHZ MAH3CH TUW5 /HAY6. ": GOTO 500
440 IF G > (N + 5) THEN R$ = " IHZ TUW3 /HAY6.": GOTO 500
450 IF G > N THEN R$ = " IHZ AH LIH3TUL TUW4 /HAY6. ": GOTO 500
460 IF G > (N — 25) THEN R$ = " IHZ MAH3CH TUW4 LAXOW.": GOTO 500
470 IF G > (N — 5) THEN R$ = 1HZ TUW3 LAXOW.": GOTO 500
480 IF G > N THEN R$ = " IHZ AH LIH3TUL TUW4 LAXOW.:" GOTO 500
490 IF G = N THEN R$ = "? YUW3 AAR RAY2IHT."
500 SA$ = B$ + C$ + R$: CALL A
510 IF G < > N GOTO 50
520 FOR I = 1 TO 1000: NEXT : GOTO 30

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