Chapter1

消防・防災

Fire and disaster prevention

国民の安心・安全を確的確に対応できる消防力の確保をめざし、
The world’s leading fire and disaster protection
Reviewing and maintaining an ideal ﬁreﬁghting service with the aim of

変化する災害に対応し、進化する消防防災行政
Advanced ﬁre services administration to respond to the ever changing face of disasters

これまでわが国は、充実した災害対策による安心・安全な社会を基盤として発展してきました。しかし、少子高齢化や産業・就業構造の変化をはじめ、国際情勢や自然環境の悪化など、急速に変動する社会経済情勢とこれに伴う地域社会の変化によって、災害のあり様も複雑多様化しています。
消防庁では、地震・台風などの自然災害や予想される企業災害、さらには有事やテロ災害等への不安を取り除くために、今日の変化に的確に対応できる実践的かつ効果的な体制の整備を、地域とともに進めています。

Until now, Japan had created a safe and secure society based on
outstanding disaster countermeasures. Yet with sharp changes insocioeconomic circumstances, including an aging population and a
declining birthrate, changes in industrial and employment structure,and combined with gradually declining international affairs andenvironmental conditions, disasters themselves have taken on a more
complex and diverse form.
To dispel any concerns the public may have over natural disasters suchas earthquakes and typhoons, or likely corporate disasters, as well asother emergencies and terrorist disasters, the FDMA is working withlocal communities to create a system that can respond precisely, and in apractical and effective manner, to the changes being experienced today.

首都高速で起きたタンクローリー横転、車両炎上事故
Accident involving a tanker truck that rolled over and burst into ﬂames on the Metropolitan Expressway

風水害等による被害状況 Damages from storms and ﬂoods（ 人 people ）わが国の最近の主な地震被害 Major recent earthquakes in Japan（ 棟 houses）

259

250

20,00018,202

200

177
147

141

150
109

100

71

50
227

10,000
4,375

1,756

77

88
48

304

467

333

5,179

60

2,480

5,000353

00H9H10H11H12H13H14H15H16H17H18

死者・行方不明者数
Number of deaths and missing persons

地震名等Date

Name of Earthquake

規模

死者・（マグニチュード） 行方不明者
Magnitude Casualties

H05.07.12

北海道南西沖地震

July 12, 1993

Hokkaido southwest offshore earthquake

M7.8

230

H07.01.17

兵庫県南部地震

M7.3

6,437

January 17, 1995

Hyogo Prefecture nanbu earthquake

H12.10.06

鳥取県西部地震

October 6, 2000

Tottori Prefecture seibu earthquake

M7.3

0H15.07.26

宮城県北部を震源とする地震

July 26, 2003

Earthquake with its epicenter at Miyagi Prefecture hokubu

M6.4

0H15.09.26

十勝沖地震

M8.02

M6.8

68

September 26, 2003 Tokachi offshore earthquake

H16.10.23

新潟県中越地震

October 23, 2004

Niigata Prefecture chuuetsu earthquake

H17.03.20

福岡県西方沖を震源とする地震March 20, 2005

Earthquake with its epicenter offshore from Fukuoka Prefecture
seiho

M7.0

1

H19.03.25

能登半島地震March 25, 2007

Noto peninsula earthquake

M6.91注）地震、火山噴火による被害を除いた数値である。

H19.07.16

新潟県中越沖地震

July 16, 2007

Niigata Prefecture chuuetsu earthquake

M6.815Note) Figures exclude damages from earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

H20.06.14

岩手・宮城内陸地震

231

住家被害〈全壊（流出）・半壊〉
Housing damages (complete collapse [washed away], half collapsed)

3

15,000

発生年月日

Fire and Disaster Management Agency

June 14, 2008

Iwate, Miyagi nairiku earthquake

M7.2

H20.07.24

岩手県沿岸北部を震源とする地震

July 24, 2008

Earthquake with its epicenter at Iwate Prefecture enganhokubu

M6.8

保する、世界屈指の消防防災体制
あるべき消防体制を検討・整備
service for ensuring the safety and security of the public
operating a ﬁre prevention service capable of responding with exact precision

市町村の消防組織 Organization of municipal ﬁreﬁghting prevention services
市町村長 Municipality Mayor

消防本部807 本部▶ 各市町村または複数市町村で構成される組合等に設置▶ 消防に係る人事、予算、庶務などを統轄する

消防署

1,706 署消防団

Fire Defense Headquarters 807▶ Established with associations made up of eachmunicipality or numerous municipalitie▶ Administers personnel, budgets and generalaffairs related to fire services▶ 人口規模等に応じ、消防本部のもとに設置▶ 火災の予防、警戒、鎮圧、救急、救助、災害の防除等消防防災活動の第一線を担う▶ Established at the discretion of fire defense

Volunteer Fire Corps 2,380▶ 市町村ごとに設置▶ Established in each municipality▶ 火災の警戒、鎮圧、災害の防除等の活動▶ Participates in activities such as firewarnings, control and disaster preventionを行う分 団

Fire Department 1,706

2,380団

23,180 分団

Firefighting Squads 23,180▶ 市町村内の地域ごとに設置されることが多い

headquarters to suit population size

▶ Usually established in each region of amunicipality

Non-conventional fire services

Regular fire services

常備
消防

非常備
消防

▶ In charge of main line of fire and disasterprevention service activities such as preventing
fires, warnings, control, emergencies, rescue
and disaster prevention.

■ 消防職員…常勤の一般職の地方公務員
Fire fighters...General local government employee

出張所

3,218 所Fire Stations 3,218▶ 消防署のもとに、より小規模な出張所が設けられることがある■ 消防団員…非常勤特別職の地方公務員
Volunteer fire fighter...Part time special role local government employee▶ Smaller fire stations established at thediscretion of the Fire Department.

平成 20 年 4 月1 日現在
Current as of April 1, 2008

消防体制・活動環境の整備
Maintenance of ﬁre service systems and surroundings of activities

日本における消防機関は、常備消防と呼ばれる消防本部・消防署と、非常備消防である消防団により構成されています。いずれの組織も、住民に最も身近な自治体である市町村の責任のもとに設置され、市町村長の管理下で活躍しています。
消防庁は、最前線で働く消防職団員の活動環境の整備を推進するとともに、非常時において、全国の消防機関が戦略的・実践的に対処できるよう総合的な体制を確立し、被害の抑制に当たります。

Fireﬁghting agencies in Japan comprise of regular ﬁre prevention
services such as ﬁre defense headquarters and ﬁre department, andthe non-conventional volunteer ﬁre corps. Both these organizations
are established under the responsibility of regional municipalities
that are most familiar to the public, and are controlled under thejurisdiction of municipality mayors.
The FDMA continues to bring improvements to the way volunteer ﬁre corps
work at disaster sites, and has established an outstanding system ensuring
ﬁreﬁghting agencies around the nation can respond to emergencies in a
strategic and practical manner, thereby minimizing damage.

炎に挑む消防職団員
Fireﬁghting personnel battling a house blaze

Fire and Disaster Management Agency

4Chapter1
市町村の「消防の広域化」の推進
Plan to spread out municipal ﬁre services
By expanding the size of municipality ﬁre services, the ﬁre service
system can be better organized and enhanced. Accordingly, municipal
および充実強化を図り、住民サービスを向上させるために、
ﬁre services are being spread out to offer local residents improved
消防の広域化を推進しています。
services.

市町村消防の規模を拡大することにより、消防体制の整備

1 住民サービスの向上

Improved services for residents● 多数の部隊の統一運用による初動の消防力・増援体制の充実。

● 管轄区域の拡大に伴う消防署所の適正配置による現場到着時間の短縮。
Reduction in time required for arriving at disaster sites due to appropriate placement of fire
departments following expansion of jurisdictional areas.

Unified management of multiple firefighting squads for improved initial response tofires and reinforcement squads.

統合前

統合後

Before integration

After integration

A 市消防本部管轄区域 B 市消防本部管轄区域

新 AB 消防本部管轄区域

City A Fire Defense
Headquarters jurisdiction■ 初動出動台数が少ない■ 初動出動台数が充実■ 応援できる消防隊等が不足■ 統一的な指揮のもと、応援体制も強化■ Small number of squads initially■ 大規模災害、特殊災害へも対処可能■

responding to the fire
Insufficient reinforcement
firefighting squads■City B Fire Defense
Headquarters jurisdiction

New AB Fire Defense
Headquarter jurisdiction
消防署ができて安心だ！

近くに消防署が無くて不安だな I am a little

I feel much safer now
that a fire department
has been built

worried that there is nofire department nearby.

Sufficient number of squads initially responding
to the fire

■ Enhanced reinforcement firefighting squads underunified management■ Able to respond to large scale and special disasters

2 人員配備の効率化と充実

消防署同士が近すぎるんじゃない？

統合されてすっきりしたね

Aren’t these firedepartments too
close to each other?

It is muchneater after
being integrated

More efficient and appropriate deployment of personnel● 本部機能の統合による現場要員の増強。
Reinforcements to personnel working at disaster sites throughintegrated management of department functions.

A 市消防本部

新 AB 消防本部

City A Fire Defense Headquarters

New AB Fire Defense Headquarters● 業務の効率化によって生じた余剰人員を活用した専門的・専任的職員の養成。
Training of specialist and dedicated personnel using those maderedundant through more efficient operations

現場へ

B 市消防本部

To disaster sites

City B Fire Defense Headquarters

専門職員の養成
Training of specialist personnel

3 消防体制の基盤の強化

Enhancements made to basic fire prevention services● 財政規模の拡大による高機能な消防設備・施設等の計画的な整備。

● 適切な人事ローテーションによる組織の活性化。

Systematic planning of more advanced firefighting equipment and facilities with greater finances.

Revitalization of organization with appropriate rotation of personnel.

新 AB 消防本部
New AB Fire Defense Headquarters

A 市消防本部

異動

異動

Transfer

Transfer

City A Fire Defense Headquarters

異動
人事ローテーション・
年齢構成の平準化

Transfer■ 特殊車両等を計画的に増強整備可能■ 必要最小限の車両を整備■ Strategic increase in special vehicles possible

Personnel rotation,equal age distribution

人事の硬直化■ Maintain minimal number ofvehicles requiredInflexible personnel

異動

異動

Transfer

Transfer

年齢構成が不均衡
Imbalanced age distribution■ 個別に小規模な設備を整備■ Maintain minimal facilities

individually■ 高機能な設備を一元的に整備可能■ Unified management of advanced facilities possible

5

Fire and Disaster Management Agency■ 専門性を高めながら職員の総合能力が向上■ Increases expertise and while improving

general abilities of personnel

消防・防災 Fire and disaster prevention

地域に根づいた消防団の幅広い活動
The wide range of activities conducted by volunteer ﬁre corps established in each community

全国にくまなく配備され、動員力と即応力に優れる消防団。消防団員はそれぞれ仕事をもちながらも、「自分の町は自分で守る」という郷土愛護の精神のもとに、昼夜を問わず活躍しています。
その活動は消火活動をはじめ、地震や風水害などの自然災害における救助活動、警戒巡視、避難誘導など地域住民の生命・身体・財産を守るとともに、平常時においても地域に密着した活動を展開し、消防防災力の向上、地域コミュニティの活性化に大きく貢献しています。また女性消防団員も、一人暮らしの高齢者宅への防火訪問、幼稚園や小中学校での防火教室など女性ならではの特長を活かして活躍しています。
消防庁はこうした消防団の活動を支えるために、活動環境および資機材の整備を強力に推進するとともに、消防団の参加を促す様々な活動を行っています。

Volunteer ﬁre corps operate in every town and city of the country,
boasting outstanding mobilization and response capabilities. Every
member of the volunteer ﬁre corps has their own regular job, but areactive day or night protecting their own town by themselves, deeplyrooted in the spirit of their devotion to their hometown.
While they are involved in ﬁreﬁghting activities, they are also there
to protect the lives, physical being and properties of local residents
from natural disasters such as earthquakes, wind and water damage
through rescue efforts, warning patrols and evacuation guidance.
Even when there is no disaster present, volunteer ﬁre corps organize
numerous community-based activities designed to improve ﬁre anddisaster prevention capabilities, as well as rejuvenating their localcommunity. Female volunteer ﬁre corps participate in areas that havebeen predominantly female-oriented, including home visits to earlypeople for ﬁre prevention, and holding ﬁre prevention classes at
kindergartens and elementary schools.
To support the activities of these volunteer ﬁre corps, the FDMA is working
on improving the areas where they are active, as well as maintaining
equipment, and conducts a number of activities to promote participationin the volunteer ﬁre corps.

自主防災組織の推移 Trends in voluntary disaster prevention organizations

消防団員数の推移 Trends in numbers of volunteer ﬁre corps(‘0000)（万 ）(‘0000 people)(people)（ 万人 ）

（人）

69.9

14

12

66.9

56.1

57.9

59.7

61.3

109,01610

896,875100,594

64.5

62.5

71.7
133,34470

95951,069

16,699944,134

937,169

127,824

15,502
928,432
13,148120,29960

115,814112,052

（%）

H12

H13

H14

H15

H16

H17

H18

H19

H20

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

40

15,00090

104,53950

13,864

14,66585

80

10,176

10,776

11,597

12,440919,105

908,043

10,000900,007892,893888,900

H12

H13

H14

H15

H16

H17H18

H19

H20

2000

2001

2002

2003

20042005200620072008

組織数

活動カバー率消防団員数

女性消防団員数

Number of Organizations

Ratio of activities covered

Number of volunteer fire corps

Number of women volunteer fire corps

消防職員との恊働による消火活動
Fireﬁghting under the coordination of ﬁreﬁghters

5,000

高齢者宅訪問Home visits to elderly people

防火指導を受ける子供たち
Children learning ﬁreﬁghting techniques

消防団操法大会
Volunteer ﬁre corps pump competition

Fire and Disaster Management Agency

6

Chapter1
地域防災を支える人材育成
Training of personnel to prevent disasters in regional areas

電話が不通になり、道路や橋は損壊し、ライフラインが寸断される。このような大規模災害では、発災直後の迅速な救助が被災者の生命を左右します。初動における大量の人員投入が必要ですが、消防隊員だけですべての被災者を同時に救うことは困難です。このような状況下でいち早く被災者を救助できるのは、間違いなくそこに暮らし働く住民一人ひとりであり、連帯意識のもとに住民たちで組織された自主防災組織です。
消防庁では、自主防災組織や企業の自衛消防組織など地域の防災関係団体との連携を図りながら、地域防災を支える人材の資質向上、自主防災組織の活性化や防災・危機管理教育の充実、企業等の防災に関する社会貢献への取り組み等を促進しています。

Imagine all life-lines being severed, telephone services interrupted,and roads and bridges destroyed. Immediate rescue efforts after largescale disasters can have a major impact on the lives of those in disaster
stricken areas. A large number of personnel are required as part of theinitial response efforts, however it is difﬁcult for emergency response
teams to save everyone affected by the disaster at the same time.
There is no doubt that the only people who can save those affectedby the disaster the quickest are local residents who live and work in
the area. This is where voluntary disaster prevention organizations,comprised of local residents with common bonds and ideals, step in.
The FDMA works with local disaster prevention groups such as voluntarydisaster prevention organizations and in-house ﬁre ﬁghting team ofcompanies for the promotion of initiatives that contribute to the localcommunity. These include improving the quality of personnel serving
to prevent disasters in regional areas, rejuvenating voluntary disasterprevention organizations and enhance danger management training, andincreasing disaster prevention awareness within companies.

消防団と自主防災組織の合同防災訓練
Joint emergency drill held by volunteer ﬁre corps and voluntary disasterprevention organizations

火の用心Fire prevention patrol

防災拠点となる公共施設等の耐震化の促進
Implementing earthquake resistance at public facilities that are at the center of disaster prevention

地震等の大規模災害において、住民の安全を確保し被害軽減を図るためには、まず災害対策の拠点となる都道府県・市町村庁舎や消防署、そして避難所となる学校や体育館など、公共施設等の安全性を確保しなくてはなりません。

消防庁では、地方公共団体が単独で実施する耐震改修事業に対して地方債と地方交付税による財政支援を行うとともに、耐震診断・改修工事の効果的な実施手法や事例を紹介するなど、防災拠点となる公共施設等の耐震化を積極的に推進しています。

7

Fire and Disaster Management Agency

The safety of public facilities that are at the center of disasterprevention countermeasures, which includes prefectural and municipal
government buildings, ﬁre departments, and evacuation areas suchas schools and gymnasiums, it is essential for assuring the safety ofresidents and minimizing damage during large-scale disasters such as
earthquakes.
The FDMA provides ﬁnancial support in the form of municipal bonds
and local tax allocations to regional public organizations that areimplementing their own earthquake resistant improvements. The agency
also suggests effective methods and examples of testing earthquake
resistance and modiﬁcation work, all as part of drastically improving
earthquake resistance of public facilities that are at the center of disasterprevention.

消防・防災 Fire and disaster prevention

耐震化の図られた公共施設
Public facility with earthquake resistance technology

平成 16 年 新潟県中越地震
2004 Niigata Prefecture chuuetsu earthquake

発生が懸念される主な大規模地震 Major earthquakes that could occur
Tokai earthquake
Name ofEarthquake

いつ発生してもおかしくない状況
May occur any timeMagnitude

東海地震

M8.0

Tokai earthquake

Nankai, Tounankaiearthquake

南海・東南海地震

今世紀前半における発生が懸念される
Fears that it could hit sometime in the first half of thiscentury

Nankai, Tounankai earthquake

首都直下地震Tokyo inland earthquake
Japan Trench, Kuril Trench
offshore trench earthquake

Tokyo inland earthquake

M7 クラスの地震はある程度の切迫性を有する
An M7 class earthquake is imminent to some extent

約40年間隔で発生する宮城県沖地震をはじめ切迫性が指摘される
Occurs approximately every 40years. This earthquake is consideredimminent, and includes the expected
Miyagi Prefecture offshore earthquake

日本海溝・千島海溝
周辺海溝型地震

M8.6

M7.3

M7.6

Japan Trench, Kuril Trench
offshore trench earthquake

No. of Completely
Collapsed Houses

Economic Loss

約 9 千人約 46 万棟

約 37 兆円

Approximately
9,000 persons

Approximately
460,000 houses

Approximately
37 trillion yen

約 1 万 8 千人

約 63 万棟

約 57 兆円

Approximately
18,000 persons

Approximately
630,000 houses

Approximately
57 trillion yen

約 1 万 1 千人

約 85 万棟

約 112 兆円

Approximately
11,000 persons

Approximately
850,000 houses

Approximately
112 trillion yen

約 3 千人

約 2 万 1 千棟

約 1 兆 3 千億円

Approximately
3,000 persons

Approximately
21,000 houses

Approximately
1.3 trillion yen

Casualties※ 発生する地震のタイプにより被害が異なるため、被害別に最大となるものを記載。
* Damage may vary depending on the type of earthquake that may occur. The largest figure foreach damage scenario has been used.

消防団員確保に向けた施策
Policies for maintaining a Volunteer Fire Corps

消防庁では、新戦力の確保に向けて、事業所や大学等に被雇用者・学生の入団促進を働きかけるとともに、事業所における理解と活動環境の整備、学生の参加対策への支援を行っています。
また将来の地域防災の担い手となる児童や生徒を対象に、地域防災スクールの開催、少年消防クラブ活動の拡充強化を推進するほか、様々な施策を打ち出しています。

● 消防団協力事業所表示制度
消防団員の約 7 割が被雇用者である現状を踏まえ、消防団協力事業所を認定し、広く公表することで、当該事業所の信頼性を向上させながら、地域における消防防災体制の充実を図る制度。

The FDMA approaches employees and students at company ofﬁces anduniversities in an attempt to ﬁnd new recruits, while also keeping trackof understanding and operating environments at company offices, andproviding support for increasing participation by students.
Various policies are being implemented, such as running regional disasterprevention schools and expansion of youth firefighting club activities
aimed at children and students who will be in charge of regional disasterprevention in the future.

消防団協力事業所表示マーク
Volunteer Fire Corps OfﬁceSymbol

Volunteer Fire Corps Ofﬁce Symbol SystemConsidering that approximately 70% of volunteer fire corps members arecompany employees, ofﬁces that cooperate with volunteer ﬁre corps are beingcertified and announced publicly as often as possible. This system serves toimprove the credibility of that particular ofﬁce, and improves by and disasterprevention within the region as a whole.

郵政団員
Postal service members

予防広報分団Disaster prevention publicity teamOB 団員Former members

大学生防災サポーター
University disaster prevention support team● 消防団員確保アドバイザー派遣制度
消防団員の減少に歯止めをかけるべく、消防団員の確保に苦慮している都道府県や市町村等へ、団員確保に要する知識・経験豊かなアドバイザーを派遣する制度。
Volunteer Fire Corps Member Advisor Dispatch System
To tackle a reduction in the number of members of the volunteer ﬁre corps, thesystem sends skillful and highly experienced advisers to prefectural and municipalorganizations in an attempt to sign up members for the volunteer ﬁre corps.

Fire and Disaster Management Agency

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