未 然に防ぐ！何よりも3Chapter
火災予防Fire prevention

火災等による「被害を最小限に抑える」た
Preventing the unexpected! The most important
Implementing various ﬁre safety measures to “minimize damage by all

社会情勢の変化に対応した防火安全対策
Elite teams coming to your assistance from across the country

近年では、これまでは想定外であった使用形態の建築物や施設等が出現することで、甚大な人的被害を伴う火災や周辺住民の生活に重大な影響を及ぼす火災や爆発事故などの企業災害が発生しており、これらに対する迅速な防火安全対策が求められています。
消防庁においては、全国すべての救急隊に少なくとも救急救命士が 1 人配置できるよう、救急救命士の養成を積極的に推進しています。

Fire prevention and safety policies to suit changes in social conditions
With the recent increase in buildings and facilities that are being
used in unexpected ways, there have been a number of ﬁres withextensive loss of human life, as well as corporate disasters such as ﬁresand explosions that have had a major impact on the lifestyles of local
residents. Fire prevention and safety policies that can respond quickly tothese disasters are required.
The FDMA responds to the possibility of ﬁre hazards occurring inbuildings and facilities that are being used in new ways with the highest
priority placed on human life by planning proposals of required safety
policies, and implementing them.

立入検査実施数と命令件数

小規模雑居ビルの違反是正状況

Number of On-site Inspections and Number of Orders Issued

Number of Violation Corrections in Small Multiple-tenant Buildings(‘0000 cases)
（万）

110

91.9

90
109

110

479
103

104

500
395

100

372

95

287

400

96

300
200

84

1003251.0︶

56.2

300
2000

60.6

56.2

50.6

35.7
35.7

30.7

28.1

32.3

0

80
H1278.8



97

135

9078.8違反率︵ 60Violation Rate (%)

98

346

91.9

H13

H14

H15

H16

H17H18

H192001

20022003

2004

2005

20062007

立入検査実施数

命令件数

Number of On-site Inspections

Number of Orders Issued

H13.10 末

H15.1末H16.12 末H18.12 末End of October, 2001

End of January, 2003

End of December, 2004

End of December, 2006

新たな要因を除く場合

新たな要因を含む場合

Case excluding new factors

Case including new factors※新たな要因：自動火災報知設備の設置義務の拡大等* New factors: Increased obligatory installation of automatic fire alarms

平成 18 年 長崎県大村市認知症高齢者グループホーム火災
2006 Fire at home for dementia and elderly patients inOmura City, Nagasaki Prefecture

平成 19 年 東京都渋谷区温泉施設爆発火災
2007 Explosion and ﬁre at a hot spring facility in Shibuya Ward, Tokyo15

Fire and Disaster Management Agency平成 19 年 兵庫県宝塚市カラオケボックス火災
2007 Fire at a karaoke booth in Takarazuka City, Hyogo Prefecture大切な消防の使命
め、あらゆる防火安全施策を推進
responsibility of ﬁre prevention
means” during ﬁres and disasters

防火・防災管理制度
Fire prevention, disaster management system

消防法では、万一の火災の発生に備え、建築物の利用形態や消防法では、万一の火災の発生に備え、建築物の利用形態や規模・構造等による火災の危険性に応じて、防火管理者の選任や消防計画の作成などソフト面における対策と、初期消火・警報・避難・消防活動等を円滑に行うための消防用設備等に関する基準を定め、その設置と維持管理を義務づけるなど、防火安全対策を講じています。
また一定以上の大規模・高層ビル等については、大規模地震等の災害に備えて、防火管理者と同様に防災管理者を選任することや、事業所の従業員により構成された自衛消防組織の設置も義務化しています。

The Fire Services Act requires a range of ﬁre prevention safety measures
to be enacted in response to ﬁre hazards due to usage, size and layoutof the building in the event a ﬁre occurs. These include the appointment
of ﬁre prevention chiefs and creation of ﬁreﬁghting plans in thesoftware ﬁeld, as well as setting of standards related to ﬁreﬁghting
and other equipment to ensure that early ﬁreﬁghting efforts, warnings,
evacuation and ﬁre prevention activities are conducted smoothly, and thesubsequent obligation to install and maintain these.
High-rise buildings and buildings that exceed a certain size require
the appointment of a disaster prevention chief in addition to theﬁre prevention chiefs to prepare for a disaster such as a large-scale
earthquake, and also requires the establishment of an in-house ﬁreﬁghting team comprised of personnel from that particular ofﬁce.

大規模地震等に対応した自衛消防力の確保 Creating in-house ﬁre ﬁghting team to tackle large-scale earthquakes
百貨店・旅館・ホテル・病院・学校・オフィスビル・工場・地下街 など ※共同住宅・倉庫等は除く
Department stores, hostels, hotels, hospitals, schools, office buildings, factories, underground shopping mall etc* Excludes apartment buildings and warehouses■規模：①延べ面積 5 万 m2以上
② 5 階以上かつ延べ面積 2 万 m2以上
③ 11 階以上かつ延べ面積 1 万 m2以上
④地下街で延べ面積 1 千 m2以上

Size: (1) Floor area of 50,000 m2 or more
(2) Five floors or higher, and a floor area of 20,000 m2 or more
(3) 11 floors or higher, and a floor area of 10,000 m2 or more
(4) Underground shopping mall with a floor area of 1,000 m2 or more

【 防災管理者 】【 管理権原者 】【 自衛消防組織 】

Disaster Management Chief

Management Official

In-house fire fighting team

一定の防災管理に関する講習を修了した防災管理業務を推進する責任者

建物の所有者・事業所の経営者・賃貸人など管理について権限を有する者

発災時の応急活動を行う事業所の従業員等により構成された消防組織

Personnel in charge who have completed certain disastermanagement courses and to implement disaster management
operations● 消防計画の作成● 消防防災設備等の点検・整備

Person with management authorities such as the building
owner, business manager or tenant.

選任Appoints● 防災管理者の選任● 防災管理者に防火管理業務を実行させるための指揮、監督● 消火・通報・避難訓練の実施● 防災に必要な構造・設備の維持管理● 収容人員の管理● 災害時の応急措置・避難誘導 ほか- Appoints the Disaster Management Chief- Instructs and monitors fire prevention management
operations conducted by the Disaster Management Chief- Creation of fire prevention plans- Inspection and maintenance of fire prevention and disasterprevention equipment- Conducting training for firefighting, warnings and evacuations- Maintenance and operation of structures and facilities required fordisaster prevention- Management of building capacity- Response measures and evacuation guidance during a disaster etc

消防計画作成・変更 届出
Submits
Created fire prevention plans and changes

消 防 機 関設
置
Establishes

In-house fire fighting team comprised ofpersonnel from business officers that provide
emergency activities during a disaster● 在館者の生命・身体の保護● 通報連絡● 被害の拡大防止● 避難誘導● 救出・救護 ほか- Protecting the lives and people in the building- Contacting others with warnings- Preventing further damage- Evacuation guidance- Rescue and evacuation etc

防災管理者の選任・解任
自衛消防組織の設置等 届出Submits
Disaster Management Chiefs appointments anddismissals Established in-house fire fighting teams

Fire Prevention Organizations

Fire and Disaster Management Agency

16

Chapter3
防火管理者選任状況等の推移
Trends in appointment of Fire Prevention Management Chiefs(‘0000)（ 万件 ）

120（%）
1,040,84190

1,039,998
74.2

73.3762,437

673,545

60

64.7

76.0

防火管理者・防災管理者

794,674
710,099 72.0

67.7

67.0

65.6

65.4

75.8

779,944696,408

773,455
679,998

771,277
680,34180.0

1,048,904

1,038,746
75.1

1,037,000
74.6

68.0

Fire Prevention
Management Chief
Disaster Supervisor

64.0
30
60.0
H15

H16

H17

H18

H192003

2004

2005

2006

2007

56.0

防火管理者選任義務対象物数
Number of cases that are the appointed duties of the Fire Prevention Management Chiefs

防火管理者選任対象物数
Number of cases that are duties of the Fire Prevention Management Chiefs

消防計画作成防火対象物数

Large-scale, high rise buildings0

Number of cases that are part of firefighting plans and fire prevention○○事業所

大規模・高層
建築物
等

消防計画
OO Ofﬁce
ﬁreﬁghting plans

大規模地震に対応した
消防計画
Fireﬁghting plan to respond tolarge-scale earthquakes

防火管理者選任率 Appointment ratio of Fire Prevention Management Chiefs
消防計画作成率 Creation ratio of firefighting plans

自衛消防組織In-house ﬁre ﬁghting team

住宅用火災警報器
Residential ﬁre alarms

建物火災の約９割を占める住宅火災による死者数は、平成１５年以降５年連続で１，０００人を超える高い水準で推移しており、そのうち約６割が６５歳以上の高齢者で、高齢化の進展とともにさらなる増加が懸念されています。
また、住宅火災の逃げ遅れによる死者が約６割と圧倒的に多く、火災の早期発見に有効な住宅用火災警報器の設置が急務であることから、消防庁では、全戸設置に向けた取り組みを強化し、住宅火災の死者低減に向け取り組んでいます。

住宅用火災警報器
Residential ﬁre alarms

The number of fatalities due to residential ﬁres, which make up approximately
90% of ﬁres that occur in buildings, is extremely high at more than 1000
people continuously for ﬁve years 2003. Approximately 60% of those fatalities
involve elderly persons aged 65 years or older, and there are concerns overfurther increases with the shift to an aging society.
A surprisingly large number of fatalities, approximately 60%, were due topeople who failed to escape from ﬁres. The installation of residential ﬁre alarms,
which are effective for the early detection of ﬁres, has become increasingly
important, and the FDMA has increased efforts toensure that every house has an alarm installed. Thisis just one way of reducing the number of fatalities
due to residential ﬁres.

住宅火災の経過別死者発生状況

火災による死者の推移（自殺者等を除く）

Number of fatalities as residential ﬁres progress

Trends of fatalities due to ﬁres (excluding suicides etc)
(People)
（人）

1,259

1,204
その他

377人

1,200

32.8%
出火後再進入 20人

Other 377
32.8%

逃げ遅れ

697人

60.7%
Failing to escapethe fire 697
60.7%

1,090

1,140

住宅火災
1,220
1,148

800
600

着衣着火 54人

923

981

1,041
923

死者 1,000 人
1000 fatalities

691

684

589

549
511

499

4.7%
Clothes catching fire 544.7%

17Fire and Disaster Management Agency

平成 19 年中
During 2007

400

Building fireHouse fire

1,119

1,000

1.8%
Re-entering the premises
after the outbreak of fire 20
1.8%

建物火災

1,366

1,400

H9H11H13H15

H17H191997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

高齢者（住宅）Elderly person (house)火災予防 Fire prevention

危険物施設における総合的な事故防止対策
Comprehensive accident prevention measures in place at facilities with dangerous materials
Facilities that handle dangerous materials such as highly ﬂammablegasoline and diesel are present in all shapes and forms aroundthe country, ranging from industrial facilities including plants andpetroleum tanks, to more familiar facilities such as gasoline stands.
Accidents at these facilities can have a major social and economic
impact. Accordingly, accident prevention measures are rapidly being
implemented at facilities with dangerous materials in preparation forthese accidents, as well as an imminent large-scale earthquake.

火災危険性の高いガソリンや軽油などの危険物を取り扱
う危険物施設は、工場や石油タンクなどの産業施設からガソリンスタンドなどの身近な施設まで、様々なかたちで全国に存在します。これらの施設での事故が社会・経済に与える影響は大きく、さらに切迫する大規模地震に備えるためにも、危険物施設における事故防止対策の推進が急がれます。

The FDMA is ready to handle a variety of different disasters that can occur
at facilities with dangerous materials. To prevent unexpected accidents
from occurring, the agency works to maintain a comprehensive list ofsafety standards, as well as implementing accident prevention measuresthat apply to both public and private sectors.

消防庁では、危険物施設等における災害の多様化に対応し、事故を未然に防げるよう、保安上の基準等の整備を図るとともに、官民一体となった事故防止対策を推進しています。

危険物施設数の状況
Number of facilities with dangerous materials
一般取扱所

製造所

General outlets

Manufacturing plants

71,139（ 14.6%）

屋内貯蔵所

5,121（ 1.0%）

Indoor storage facilities

53,473（ 11.0%）

移送取扱所
Transfer stations

1,215（ 0.3%）

屋外タンク貯蔵所
Outdoor storage tanks

取扱所

第二種販売取扱所

70,898（ 14.6%）

148,832（ 30.6%）

Sales offices for Type 2
dangerous materials

567（ 0.1%）

Facilities
dealing with 危険物施設総数
dangerous
Total number ofproducts
facilities with
148,832
dangerous materials(30.6%)

第一種販売取扱所
Sales offices for Type 1
dangerous materials

1,523（ 0.3%）

屋内タンク貯蔵所
Indoor storage tanks

12,965（ 2.6%）

486,812

貯蔵所 332,859（ 68.4%）

給油取扱所
Fuel supply depots

地下タンク貯蔵所
Underground storage tanks

Storage facilities 32,859(68.4%)

74,388（ 15.3%）

108,292（ 22.2%）

屋外貯蔵所
Outdoor storage facilities

11,471（ 2.4%）

簡易タンク貯蔵所

ガソリンスタンド（給油取扱所）
Gas station (fuel supply depot)

Simple storage tanks

移動タンク貯蔵所

1,247（ 0.3%）

Transfer storage tanks

平成 20年 3月末現在
Current as of March, 2008

74,513（ 15.3%）

保管庫（屋内貯蔵所）
Storage (indoor storehouse)

危険物施設における火災・流出事故発生件数の推移
Trends in the number of accidents and spillage accidents involving dangerous materials

（件）

600
511

500
400

438

335

344

319

372

202

212
174

200
133

210

107

113

134

238

144

155

598

434

269

157

162

194

334

331

169

170

火災

Fires

流出

392

281

603

Spillages

431

317
228

580

501

393

287

300

540
503

554

352

359

188

195

総事故件数
Total number of accidents

375

223
188

169

100
0
H4H5H6H7H8H9H10H11H12H13H14H15H16H17H18H19199219931994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Fire and Disaster Management Agency

18

Chapter3
原子力災害対策
Disaster countermeasures for nuclear power plants

消防庁では、万が一の原子力災害に備えて、関係省庁と連携し、原子力防災体制の整備を推進しています。また原子力施設の火災等への対策として、消防機関と原子力事業者がより適切かつ連携のとれた消火活動等を実施できるよう、消防活動対策マニュアルの見直しや実践的な消防訓練のあり方に関する検討を行うなど、原子力施設における防火安全対策の充実強化を図っています。

The FDMA has disaster prevention systems in place for nuclear power
plants through the collaboration of various associated agencies, in
preparation for any possible disaster at a nuclear power plant. As partof countermeasures to combat ﬁres at nuclear power plants, the FDMA
conducts reviews of ﬁreﬁghting activity policy manuals and studies
into the way practical ﬁreﬁghting training should be carried out. This
enables ﬁreﬁghting organizations and nuclear power plant operators
to execute ﬁreﬁghting activities appropriately and in a coordinatedmanner. The FDMA is committed to improving and strengthening ﬁreprevention and safety measures implemented at nuclear power plants.

平成 19 年 黒煙を上げる柏崎刈羽原子力発電所 3 号機所内変圧器
2007 Transformer within Unit 3 at the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power plant emitting black smoke

原子力発電所立地地点移 Locations of Nuclear Power Plants●関西電力（株）高浜

北海道電力（株）泊KEPCO The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. Takahama

HEPCO Hokkaido Electric Power Co., Inc. Tomari●関西電力（株）美浜電源開発（株）大間（建設中）
J-POWER Oma (under construction)

KEPCO The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. Mihama

東京電力（株）柏崎刈羽●関西電力（株）大飯TEPCO Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. Kashiwazaki-Kariwa

KEPCO The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. Oi●日本原子力研究開発機構

北陸電力（株）志賀JAEA Japan Atomic Energy Agency

東京電力（株）東通（計画中）

Hokuriku Electric Power Company Shika●日本原子力発電（株）敦賀

TEPCO Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. Higashidori(planning stage)

The Japan Atomic Power Company Tsuruga

中国電力（株）島根東北電力（株）東通

The Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Shimane

Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Higashidori

東北電力（株）女川中国電力（株）上関（申請準備中）

Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Onagawa

The Chugoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Kaminoseki(application stage)

東北電力（株）浪江小高（申請準備中）

九州電力（株）玄海

Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Namie Odaka (application stage)

Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc. Genkai

東京電力（株）福島第一
TEPCO Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. Fukushima Daiichi

東京電力（株）福島第二TEPCO Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc. Fukushima Daini

日本原子力発電（株）東海第二四国電力（株）伊方The Japan Atomic Power Company Tokai Daini

Yonden Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc. Ikata

中部電力（株）浜岡
九州電力（株）川内Kyushu Electric Power Co., Inc. Sendai

19

Fire and Disaster Management Agency

Chubu Electric Power Co., Inc. Hamaoka

平成 20 年 7 月末現在
Current as of July, 2008

火災予防 Fire prevention

石油コンビナート災害対策
Disaster countermeasures for petroleum complexes

危険物や高圧ガス等の可燃性物質が大量に集積する石油コンビナートでは、消防法や石油コンビナート等災害防止法などにより、様々な保安上の規制を行っています。しかし、近年、施設の腐食等劣化に伴う事故等が多く発生しており、また、新たな地震対策上の課題にも対応する必要があります。

Petroleum complexes, home to the stores of vast quantities ofdangerous and high pressure ﬂammable gases, employ various safety
regulations in accordance with the Fire Service Act and the Law on thePrevention of Disasters in Petroleum Industrial Complexes and OtherPetroleum Facilities. Yet there have been a large number of accidents
in recent years involving corroding and aging facilities, and there isalways the need to comply with issues presented by new earthquake
countermeasures.

消防庁では、石油コンビナート災害を防止できるよう、石油タンクの耐震基準の強化、施設の適切な維持管理の推進、毎分1 万リットル以上の放射能力をもつ大容量泡放射システムをはじめとする防災資機材の配備とその維持管理等の徹底を通じて、災害の予防、消防力の充実強化を図っています。

To prevent disasters occurring at petroleum complexes, the FDMA has
began installing ﬁreﬁghting equipment and applying stringent operationand maintenance standards, including increased earthquake-proof
standards for petroleum tanks, promotion of appropriate operation andmaintenance of facilities, and large-scale foam jet systems capable ofspraying more than 10,000L of foam per minute. The result is improvementsfor preventing disasters and increases in ﬁreﬁghting capabilities.

平成 15 年 十勝沖地震によるナフサタンクの全面火災（ナフサ：原油を蒸留したもので、粗製ガソリンとも呼ばれる）

大容量泡放射システム
High capacity foam jet system

2003 Complete destruction of naphtha tanks due to the Tokachi offshore earthquake(naphtha: a distillation product from petroleum, and is also called crude gasoline)

石油コンビナート事故発生件数（種別ごと）の推移
Trends in the number of accidents at petroleum complexes
(No.)

（件）

456

注）災害件数には、平成 5 年の北海道南西沖地震による5 件、平成 6 年の三陸はるか沖地震による46 件、平成 7 年の三陸はるか沖地震の最大余震による22 件
爆発
および兵庫県南部地震（阪神・淡路大震災）によるExplosions
367件、平成13年の芸予地震による2件、平成15年の十勝沖地震による28件の事故を含む。

火災

250

236
11Fires243
17200
357

107931005321244450
1627

135

17372559
6 23

91

9 76

460150

23121

5097

161150244225963474

36

5 37

86
424547

4860

その他
Other

61106884

69Leakages

1845

漏えい

129
665
370

15465

49

36

30
5638

4 82

59144

91

H4H5H6H7H8

H9H10

H11

H12H13

H14

H15

H16

H17

H18

H191992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

(Note)The number of accidents includes: 5 accidents in1993 due to the Hokkaido southwest offshore
earthquake, 46 accidents in 1994 due to the Sanriku
Haruka offshore earthquake, 22 accidents in 1995
due to the largest aftershocks of the Sanriku Haruka
offshore earthquake and 367 accidents due to theHyogo Prefecture nanbu earthquake (Great Hanshinearthquake), 2 accidents in 2001 due to the Geiyo
earthquake and 28 accidents in 2003 due to theTokachi offshore earthquake.

Fire and Disaster Management Agency

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