Thailand’s DisasterManagement System
Presentation byAreerat Wijitpatcharaphon
ADRC Visiting Researcher

Outlines
I General Information

II Disaster Situation in Thailand•The Level of Disaster Intensity,Vulnerability, Managing Competency
and Risk Levels of Thailand• Thailand’s Disaster Situation
Summary in 2007

Outlines (cont.)
III Disaster Management System inThailand
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Act 2007
- National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan
- National Civil Defence Plan B.E. 2548 (2005)-Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation- National Safety Council of Thailand- Difficulties of Thailand’s Disastrous Management-IV My Responsibilities Concerning toDM

Geographic features

5º and 21º N latitude
97º and 106º E longitude,
Bordered by Laos, Myanmar,Cambodia, Gulf of Thailand
Malaysia, and Andaman
513,115 square kilometres.
Main 4 regions
Average height temperatureof 34◦c and the low of 23 ◦c.
population about 65 millions

Administrations 76 provices 3 levels

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II Disaster Situation in Thailand

The Level of Disaster Intensity, Vulnerability,
Managing Competency and Risk Levels of Thailand
Type of DisasterIntensityLevel

Vulnerability
Level

ManagingCompetency
Level

Risk Level

FloodHigh

Moderate

ModerateHighTropical Cyclone

HighHigh

Moderate

Moderate

Earthquake

Low

Low

Poor

Moderate

Land slide

Moderate

Low

Poor

ModerateDrought

High

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

FireHigh

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

Explosives

HighModerate

Poor

High

Accident

High

Moderate

Poor

High

Human Epidemics

Low

Low

Moderate

Low

Agricultural Pest
and Diseases

Moderate

Low

Poor

Moderate

Social Unrest

Low

Low

Poor

Moderate

Influx of Refugee

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Moderate

Source : Nation Civil Defence Plan 2005, Civil Defence Secretariat Office Ministry of Interior, Thailand

Thailand’s Disaster Situation Summary in 2007
Disaster type

Frequency

PeopleKilledTotal affected
peopleDamaged(USD)

Flood
Water wood–induced
Flash flood

1336

2,326,197

48,224,742

2

46

n/an/aDrought

1

n/a

16,754,980

5,665,849

Cold Spell1n/a5,910,339

n/a

Fire

1,901

45

9,761

25,022,622

Forest Fire

7,742

n/an/an/aThailand’s Disaster Situation Summary in 2007 (cont.)
Disaster type

Frequency

PeopleKilledTotal affected
peopleDamaged(USD)

Storm

2,233

10

245,619

6,701,347

Thunderboltinduced
disaster240

67

1473

264,249

Hail

3592

2328

54,702

Sabotage

1022

920

2,173,685Chemical &hazardous
materialinduced
disaster41

91330

1,459,254

Transportation

101,765

12,591

79,162132,011

Source : Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior, Thailand

III Disaster Management System inThailand

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Act 2007
Enacted on Nov 6, 2007
 Termination of Civil Defence Act 1979
 Termination of Fire Defence Act 1999
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Act 2007
* 3 main policy- making and planning bodies(National, Provincial and Bangkok Metropolitan)* Prime Minister or an assigned Deputy Minister asthe National Commander* DDPM is the core national government on DM* authorize LAO to take responsibility on DM

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Act 2007
Disaster classified into 3 categories
1)Man-made and naturaldisasters;2) Disaster resulted fromair raid during wartime;and3) Disaster resulted fromsabotage or terrorist attack

National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Committee

Members
Chairperson - PM
V Chairperson 1 – Minister ofInterior
V Chairperson 2 – Permanent Secof Min. of Interior
Permanent sec. of Min of Defense
Permanent sec. of Min of Social Dev.
Permanent sec. of Min of Agriculture etc.
Experts & Military Commanders

Member&Secretary – DDPM’s DG

To set up Sub-Committee (s)Duties•Formulate the National DisasterPrevention and Mitigation Plan
•Approve the National Plan before
submitting to the cabinet•Integrated the development ofDisaster Prevention andMitigation System among allconcerned sectors•give recommendations,consultation, and support toconcerned agencies•propose regulation on remuneration,
recompense and so on.

Provincial Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Committee

Members

DutiesChairperson – Governor
Vice Chairperson – Deputy
Governor/
Military Commander/
Chairman of Provincial
Administration
Organization-Representatives from Provincial
Government
Services, Local AdministrationOrganization,
Private Sector/NGO’s
Member & Secretary – DDPM’s
Provincial Chief•Formulate the Provincial
Disaster Prevention andMitigation Plan•Oversee and provide training
for volunteer•Oversee & investigate localadmins. of preparing
equipment•Operate as government
service unit at local admins.
level to assist the disaster
affected and other activities

BMA’s Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Committee
Members

DutiesChairperson – BMA Governor
Vice Chairperson–BMA Permanent
Secretary•Formulate the Disaster
Prevention and Mitigation
Plan for Bangkok•Oversee and train volunteer
in BK•Procure material,equipment, tools, vehicles
and others•Support and assist localadmins. and the neighboringin disaster prevention

Government Agencies Reps.
DDPM’s Reps. Private
sector/NGO’s Reps. Community
Reps.
Military Reps.
Education Institution
Reps.

National Disaster Prevention andMitigation Plan
• devised by National Disaster Prevention andMitigation Committee• the master plan for establishing provincial andBangkok Metropolitan plan , and other related
government agencies and local administrations’operational plan.
• 3 levels- national, provincial, and Bangkok provinces• reviewed every 3 years by DDPM• The new National Plan has yet to be complete, so the2005 National Civil Defence Plan is still in use.

Substantial Part of 3-level Plan
National plan

Provincial Plan

Bangkok Plan

(1) Guide lines,
measures and budget
to support disasterprevention andmitigation operations(1) The setting up ofSpecial CommandCenter when everdisasters strike(1) establish command
center where disasteroccurred(2) Guide lines andmethods for providing
aids and mitigate theimpacts of disasters(2) Plan andprocedures for local
administrations for
procuring tools,equipments, materials,
hardware and vehicles
in disaster prevention
and mitigation
operations(2) plan and process
to procure materials ,tools , equipment, andvehicle for disasterprevention andmitigation

National Disaster Prevention andMitigation Plan (cont.)
National plan

Provincial Plan

Bangkok Plan

(3) Relevant government
agencies and local
administrations shallproceed operations
under (1) and (2), andshall seek for availability
and mobility of fund(3) Plan and procedures
for local administrations
for procuring an early
warning system andother equipments(3) plan and process toprocure signaling
devices for notifying theoccurrence of a disaster(4) Preparedness
perspectives on support
personnel, equipments
and other materials(4) Operation plan fordisaster prevention andmitigation at local
administrations(4) Bangkok Disaster
Pevention andMitigation Action
Operation Plan

(5) Guide line on fixing, (5) Cooperation plan torecovery and restoration other relevant public
to community right after charities.
disaster(5) Coordination Plan
with Public Charity
Organizations inBangkok

National Civil Defense Plan 2005
• developed from the same plan yearly 2002
• still serves as the master plan for agencies
concerned• updated by DDPM every three year• comprise 2 components
1) disaster prevention and mitigation,2) Civil Defence for Security (Rear-AreaProtection)

National Civil Defense Plan 2005
1) disaster preventionand mitigation

2) Civil Defence for Security(Rear-Area Protection)

Department of Disaster Preventionand Mitigation (DDPM)•the central government
agency to function of national
DPM activities.
•power and authorities:

1) formulates the National Disaster Prevention andMitigation Plan for the committee
2) Organizes and researches on procedures and measures3) Operates, cooperates, supports and assists all relevant
agencies
4) Guides, and provides consultancy, and train allconcerned sectors
5) Follow-up, assesses and evaluates all activities16 เชียงราย CHIANGRAI

15 ลําปางLAMPANG

10 อุดรธานี UDONTHANI
17 พิษณุโลกPHITSANULOK

11 สกลนคร SAKONNAKHON

18 กําแพงเพชร KAMPHAENGPHET
2 ชัยนาท CHAINAT

12 ขอนแกน KHONKAEN
13 อุบลราชธานี UBONRATCHATHANI

4 สุพรรณบุรี SUPHANNBURI
14 นครราชสีมา NAKHONRATCHASIMA
1 ปทุมธานี PATHUMTHANI

3 เพชรบุรี PRACHINBURI
9 จันทบุรี CHANTHABURI

5 ประจวบคีรีขันธPRACHUAPKHIRIKHAN

6 สุราษฎรธานี SURATTHANI

7 ภูเก็ตPHUKET

8 สงขลา SONGKHLA

18 DDPMregionalCenterNational Safety Council of Thailand• focus on man-made and technologicaldisaster management• established in 1982 to solve theproblem of road traffic accidents,
chemical and occupational accident,
accident in home and public venues,
fire in high-rise building,• chaired by the Prime Minister• DG of DDPM is the member and theSecretariat

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF DM IN THAILAND
PM

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ORTP
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ST

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COORDINATEREQUESTSUP P
ORTREQ

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DDPM

ORDER
RTOP
S UP
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DIR. OF DDPM’SREQUESTPROVINCIAL
DIRMILITARY REQUESTREGIONALCNTR
BMA DIRSUPPORTSUPPORTREQUESTUESTSUREQSO
ORDERPTPORORPPTU
ORDER PRIVATE SCTR S S
NEAR BY PRVDISTRICT DIR ORDER
S& NGO’SDIRR
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ORDER
ORDER NEAR BY DISTRICTVOLUNTRS.
JOINOR LOCAL DIRO(ORDER IN CASE OF MIL)

EOU

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DISASTROUS AREA

EOU

EOU

Difficulties of Thailand’s Disastrous
Management•having inadequate technical andtechnological know-how as well as
systematic coordination among concernedorganizations is the prominent problem ofThailand DM• Thailand has coped with those disasters
situation in line with the DPM Act 2007,
concept of TDRM , and the following
preparedness approaches

Disaster Preparedness Approaches:

Establishment of the Ministerial
Integrated Disaster Prevention andMitigation Action Plan on DM• focusing on disaster management by•

participation of all involved agencies atprovincial and ministerial, private andgovernment sectors, and foundation andNGOs.

Disaster Preparedness Approaches:
Setting up the Strategic National
Action Plan(SNAP):
to provide direction of thecountry in understanding
disaster risk reduction
in line withthe context of HFA.

Disaster Preparedness Approaches:
Contribution of CBDRM to sustainable
development:
formulating the annual disaster prevention andmitigation plan establishing the joint exercise, pursuant to theformulated plan establishing the network and recruiting more Civil
Defense Volunteer.
 developing human resource providing disaster management related equipments erecting warning system.
Disaster Preparedness Approaches:
Enhancement the capacity of local
authorities in disaster management:• develop know – how and skills oflocal government staffs
in disaster management
through•training.
• equip local authorities with disastermanagement related equipments andtoolsEnhancement the capacity of local authorities• allocate annual central budget to local
authorities for disaster management• increase the numbers of community – based civil
defence volunteers (CDVs) (1,087,690 CDVs)Enhancement the capacity of local authorities
Provide efficient One Tambon One Search and Rescue
Team (OTOS) covering
the country (7,255 tambons).

Disaster Preparedness Approaches:
Emergency Response Team Development Project

To response for each type of large scale hazards orincidents

Disaster Preparedness Approaches:

Evacuation Plan and Drill:
formulate Provincial
Evacuation Plan forcorresponding to thethreatening disasterwithin the province.
 conductedevacuation drill at
least twice a year.
National Drill:
National Drill or Crisis
Management Exercise(C-MEX)
 to test capabilities ofconcerned government
agencies (policy makerand operational units)with respect to theCivil Defence Plan2005.
My Responsibilities Concerning to DM
International cooperation on disastermanagement
DDPM-ADRC DDPM-ASEAN



Technical support for policy making
process of the DDPM