ADRC
Asian Disaster Reduction Center(ADRC)

MALAYSIA
COUNTRY REPORTMUHAMMAD KHALIL BIN AB AZIZMALAYSIAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT

Outline of Presentation
Introduction
Natural Disaster of Malaysia
Role of Malaysian Meteorological

Department (MMD) in Disaster Management
Role of National Security Council (NSC) as
leading agency in Disaster Management
Role of Non Government Organization
Progress and situations of HFA
Conclusion

Introduction to Malaysia

Estimate Population = 27 m
Land Area = 328,550 sq km
Malaysia Coast Line = 4,675 km
State: 13 State + 3 Federal Territories
District:114 Districts

CLIMATE OF MALAYSIA
 Uniform temperature (max. 330C, min.
230C)

23
 High humidity (70 – 90 %) Heavy rainfall amount (> 2000 mm)
 Winds are generally light 2 monsoon’s season (2 Inter-monsoon

period in between)Monsoon in Malaysiai) Northeast Monsoon (Nov – Mar)ii) Southwest Monsoon (May – Sept)iii) 2 Inter-Monsoon (April & Oct)i) Northeast Monsoon
November – March Steady easterly andnortheasterly (10-20 knots)
 Cold surges from Siberia (>

30 knots)Monsoon weather systems
which develop in
conjunction with cold air
outbreaks from Siberia
produce rains that last fordays and often cause
severe floods over east
coast peninsula andSarawakii) Southwest Monsoon
 May – September Winds are southwesterly and light (< 15knots)

 Stable atmospheric condition in the

Equatorial region
 Drier season except for State of Sabah
 Sabah is wetter due to the tail effect of
typhoons

iii) Inter – Monsoon
 April and October Winds are light and variables
 Clear sky in the morning favors

thunderstorms activities in theafternoon
 West coast of Peninsula gets the
maximum mean of monthly rainfall
during this season

Natural Disaster in Malaysia
 Wind Storms e.g. Typhoons, Tropical

Storms, Thunderstorms, Squall lines Heavy Rain, Floods & Landslides
 Tsunamis
 Droughts Forest/Grassland Fires, Haze(local & transboundary)

Recent major disasters for past few years
Year

Disaster

KilledInjured2009(Jan)

Flood

8470

2008

Flood

10210

2008

Landslide

11

2007

Flood

33

158000

225m

2006

Flood

19

138000

343m

2005

Flood

17

10000066m

2005

Mud flood

3

2793

15

Total
affected

Damage(USD)

1422

Severe Weather & Seasons
Flood:
Northeast Monsoon(Nov – Mar)

Haze:
Southwest Monsoon(Jun – Sep)

Flash Flood:
Inter-Monsoon(April & October)NE Monsoon Flood in Kelantan, Malaysia (Dec 2004)

Flash Flood and Landslides due
to Severe Thunderstorms/Heavy
Rain

Forest Fire &HazeImpacts of 1997/1998
El NinoTsunami - 26 December 2004

Damages caused by storm Vamei

Role of MMD
 Monitoring and Forecasting Warning Systems
 Criteria of Warning Warning Dissemination

Monitoring and Forecasting
Severe Weather
The effective monitoring and prediction of theoccurrences of severe weather depends on:
An efficient and advanced observational station
networkAdequately-trained and highly-skilled
technicians and meteorologists
Access to state of the art numerical weather
and wave prediction models
Improved forecasting techniques
High speed communication facility for datatransferWarnings - a processthat begins with the production of

information about weather and climate andends with effective loss minimising actions

Early warning systems provide
communities with the information neededto activate disaster plans in time to protect
life and minimize economic losses.
Warnings must be produced
 Warning message must be transmitted & received
 Information must be understood Information must be confirmed
 Message must be believed
 Risk must be personalised Decision to take appropriate defensive and preparatory
actions Resources and capacity for preparatory actionOBSERVATIONAL STATION NETWORKPULAULANGKAWICHUPING

KOTA BHARU

KUDAT

ALOR
SETAR

BAYAN
LEPAS

BUTTERWORTHPRAIKUALA KRAIKOTAKINABALUKUALA
TRENGGANUSANDAKANLABUAN

L. MERBAU
IPOH
SITIAWANCAMERON BATU EMBUNHIGHLAND

TAWAU

MIRI

TEMERLOH
SUBANG

P. JAYAMUADZAM
SHAH

SIBU

KLIA

(Doppler)

MERSING

MALACCABINTULU

KUANTAN

B. PAHATKLUANGKUCHINGSRI AMAN

SENAI

Omar

LEGEND

PRINCIPAL METEOROLOGICALSTATION (38)RADAR STATION (10)AIR POLLUTIONSTATION (22)

UPPER AIRSTATION (8)SATELLITE STATION(6)FORECAST
OFFICE (8)WEATHER MONITORING, FORECASTING AND WARNING SYSTEM
GOES-9 Weather
Satellite
Aircraft
Observation

Radar
Storm Warning

Surface
StationMarineObservation

Upper Air
Observation

Receiving Antenna
Satellite imagery

Data Collection
Data dissemination

Computer Processing
Facility and Forecasting
Model
Weather Forecast

Warning

Public Agencies

Massa Media
Printing & Electronic

Receive and Action

PublicCOMPUTERISED TELECOMMUNICATIONNETWORK

Bangkok (GTS)PULAULANGKAWICHUPING

Forecast Offices
Observational
Station

KOTA BHARU
ALOR
SETAR

KUDAT

KUALA KRAI
BAYAN
LEPAS

IPOH
SITIAWAN
BATU EMBUNCAMERONHIGHLANDTEMERLOHKLIA
MALACCA

TAWAU

MIRI
KUANTANBINTULU

MUADZAMPETALING SHAH
JAYA

HQ-KLIASUBANG(GTS/AFTN)SANDAKANLABUANINTERNET
Dial-upLine
Dedicated
Line
to
HQPJ

L. MERBAU

HQ-DCA(AFTN)KOTA
KINABALUKUALA
TRENGGANUBUTTERWORTHSIBUMERSINGKUCHING

B. PAHATKLUANGSRI AMANSENAISingapore (GTS)Omar

LEGENDTELECOMMUNICATION CENTRE

PRINCIPAL METEOROLOGICAL STATIONFORECAST OFFICEUPPER AIR STATION

Dissemination of Severe Weather and RoughSeas Warning to the relevant agencies, mass
media and the public• Facsimile• Telephone• Web page (http://www.met.gov.my)• Mass Media• SMS(BKN, MMD, JPS, Polis, MOSTI& SUK)DISSEMINATION OF SEVERE WEATHER AND
ROUGH SEAS WARNING IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
STATE LEVELNATIONAL LEVEL
2

1

PUSAT KAWALAN
MALAYSIA

11

BHG. HIDROJABATANPENGAIRAN &SALIRAN

3

PUSAT KAWALAN
OPERASI BENCANA(BILIK GERAKAN BKN)PERSATUAN
BULAN SABITPEJABATSETIAUSAHA
NEGERIJABATAN LAUT

4CENTRAL
10RADIO
MALAYSIA(CAWANGAN
NEGERI)FORECASTING
OFFICEHQPJ

SYARIKATCARIGALIFORECAST
OFFICESAND STATIONSVISUAL SIGNALWARNING SYSTEMLOCATIONS

5JABATAN LAUT
9TLDM LUMUT

LOCAL POLICE

8JABATANPERIKANAN

7

6

JABATANORANG ASLIMASS MEDIA(RADIO, TV & LOCALPRESS)BERNAMA
COASTAL RADIO STATIONLEGENDJABATANPENGAIRAN &SALIRAN(CAWANGAN
NEGERI)HEAVY RAIN WARNINGSTRONG WINDS
AND ROUGH SEAS

Heavy rain and strong winds advisory
Sent to 1, 2, 3 and 4 only.

Strong Winds and Rough Seas
Visual Signal System
SULU
SEA

PENINSULAR
MALAYSIACELEBESSEARed Flag System(4 Locations)
Notice Board System(8 Locations)Hotspots

The DC - indicative values of the moisture content of a deep layer of compact
organic matter, such as peat soil, to indicate the potential for fire to smoulder andcause smoke and haze. It can also be used as an indicator of difficulty inextinguishing deep burning peat fires as well as an early warning indicator ofserious haze events.

ENSO MonitoringMALAYSIAN NATIONALTSUNAMI EARLYWARNING SYSTEM

Geophysics and Tsunami division

ANIMATION OF THE TSUNAMI EVENT IN
S.E. ASIA ON 26TH DEC 2004

System Overview
Data & Information Collection Component
VIDEO WALL
Weather Info

MINI-STUDIO
Dissemination Component

Coastal
CameraNetwork

Radar
Satellite
Surface
Upper AirSMS

Processing Component

Critical Asian & ASEAN
Seismic Stations

Integration& Analysis

SEISMICCTBTO Stations

Deep
Ocean
Buoy

National Buoy Network
Regional
Buoy Networks

LOCAL AREA NETWORK

USGS

Tidal
Gauge

Regional
Tidal Gauge
Networks

JMA
PTWC

Other
CentresIntelligent
Decision Making
Sub-System

Tsunami Prediction
DB

National Tidal Gauge
Network

Decision Making

Fault-tolerant
Multi-Processor
High End Server

ModelHigh Performance Cluster

Information & Warning Dissemination

National Seismic Stations

Critical Disaster Management Agencies
Stakeholders & MediaPUBLIC ALERTS
Public Customized Phone [TM]]Public SMS alerts

FAX
NADDI
WEB PAGE
MMS
PublicAnnouncement System
Loudspeakers, Sirens

MMD
Emergency
TeamTSUNAMI SYSTEM DESIGNCONCEPT
Seismic
Network
Water Level
Observation
Stations

Satellite
communication,
land lines,
Internet

TsunamiWarning
information

Data Processing,
Analysis andDecision Making

Ocean Bottom
Pressure
recordersNumerical Model
Historical Data
Coastal Vulnerability
Bathymetry

Delivery
SystemTWO BASIC WARNING NEEDS• VERY RAPID EARTHQUAKE EVALUATION• VERY RAPID SEA LEVELEVALUATION
Multi-national, Global Nets
Real-time transmission(Radio, microwave,
landline/satellite phone,satellite, Internet)

 BOTH REQUIREDFOR WARNINGSYSTEM

The Need
1. Continuous real-time monitoring ofearthquake occurrences and tsunami on
24-hour basis
2. Effective and timely information/early
warning of earthquake and tsunami (within
15 min) when security/safety of Malaysia isthreatened
3. Link to Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning
System and Other Early Warning Systems

Data and Information
Collection Component
1. Seismic Network Sub-system
2. Deep Ocean Buoy Network Sub-system
3. Tide Gauge Network Sub-system

NATIONAL SEISMIC NETWORK

Kudat
Kulim

K.Trengganu

Ipoh

Sandakan
K.Kinabalu
Tawau

P.JayaBintulu

Kluang

Sibu
Kuching

Broadband sensor
Short-period sensor

NETWORK OF EXISTING TIDAL GAUGES
SOUTH CHINA SEA
P. Langkawi
P. Pinang

Pulau Layang-Layang
Kudat

GetingSandakan
Kota Kinabalu

Cendering

P. Labuan

Lahad Datu

Miri

SempornaPelabuhan Tawau

Lumut
Pelabuhan Kuantan

P. Tioman
Tanjung Keling

Tanjung Sedili

Pelabuhan Bintulu

P. Lakei
Sejingkat

Johor Bahru
Kukup
Tanjung Pengelih

MMD
RMN
DSMM

( 5 Port Meteorological Stations )( 12 Locations )( 21 Locations )PROPOSED NEW TIDAL GAUGES
SOUTH CHINA SEA
Pulau Perak
Pulau Banggi
Pulau Perhentian

Pulau Silingan

Pulau Dayang Bunting
Pulau Kapas

Pulau Pangkor

Pulau Pandanan
Pulau Mabul
Pulau Sipadan

Location of Tsunami Buoys

Buoy 1
Buoy 2
Buoy 3(proposed)
MMD
HQProcessing Component
1. Integration and Analysis Sub-system
2. Tsunami Prediction Sub-system
3. Decision Making Sub-system
4. Television and Mini Studio Sub-system
5. Big Screen Display Sub-system

DISSEMINATION OF TSUNAMIWARNING TO THE PUBLIC
Malaysian Control
CentreNational Operation
Management Centre,
NSC

IOTWC

PTWC

JMA

Malaysian
Meteorological
Department

Civil Defence
TV / Radio
Community
PA System
Mobile Phone Text
Messaging
Web casting

PublicEMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS
SirensEmergency Alert System
Radios & TV
Telephone/Hotlines
Data Systems
Satellite
Mobile Phone Text Messaging

Tsunami Warning System
Limitations and Challenges

TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM
LIMITATIONSLead time available for a tsunami
alert/warning, triggered by an earthquake
occurring near Malaysia, could be very short;as little as an hour in the case of tsunamis
generated within 300-400 km from ourshoreline.

Initial warnings are based solely on seismic
data. Short time constraint for vigorous
verification, could lead to high incidences of“false alarms”– estimated by one source to be
more than 75%!

TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM
LIMITATIONS• Too sparse sea level data. (wait too long)• Teletsunami forecasting only beginning.
(warning accuracy poor)• Difficult to warn and educate for local
tsunami. (no warning where biggest impact)• Can miss tsunamis generated by landslides
etc. (underwarn)

TWS CHALLENGES BALANCE NUMBER OF FALSEWARNINGS WITH MISSED EVENTS. High
number of false alarms reduces credibility.
 LIKELIHOOD OF WARNINGS FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TSUNAMIS
 => BUT, IF NO WARNING SYSTEM, THEN NO

FALSE WARNINGS!
 PREPARE & EDUCATE PUBLIC, MEDIA,

EMERGENCY OFFICIALS POSSIBILITY OF NO WARNING FORLANDSLIDE-GENERATED TSUNAMISNational Security Council(NSC)
TWS CHALLENGESBALANCE NUMBER OF FALSE WARNINGS WITHMISSED EVENTS. High number of false alarms
reduces credibility.



LIKELIHOOD OF WARNINGS FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVETSUNAMIS=> BUT, IF NO WARNING SYSTEM,THEN NO FALSE WARNINGS!

PREPARE & EDUCATE PUBLIC, MEDIA, EMERGENCY
OFFICIALSPOSSIBILITY OF NO WARNING FOR LANDSLIDEGENERATED TSUNAMISRole of NSC

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Secretariat for the Disaster Management and Relief
Committees according to the level of disaster occurred
To ensure that the practise as well as implementation of thepolicy and mechanism in disaster management is carried out
To ensure post-mortem is carried out after occurrence ofdisaster
To activate SMART for search and rescue operations whennecessary
To coordinate the handling of disaster management exercise
as well as search and rescue from time to time
To monitor the implementation of disaster preventive
measures and control carried out by the relevant agencies
To monitor the implementation of the educational, training
and preventive strategies
To give advice to Disaster Management and Relief
Committee, when requested to ensure the smooth handlingand management of a disasterDirective No. 20
National Security Council
The Policy and Mechanism on National Disaster andRelief Management established on 11th May 1997;
 Takes along the power of Law because it was signedby the Prime Minister as Directive of Operation who
derive the power of His Majesty the King in the
Emergency (Essential Powers) Ordinance 1970
 The aim of this Directive is to outline the Policy andMechanism on Disaster and Relief Management on
Land, according to the level of disaster and toestablish a management mechanism with the
purpose of determining the roles and responsibilitiesof the various agencies involved in handling thedisaster.
Level of The Disaster Management
and Relief Committee

Policy and Strategic Planning

The District Disaster Management and Relief Committee (Level I)
The State Disaster Management and Relief Committee (Level II)
The National Disaster Management and Relief Committee (level
III)
FederalDeputy Prime Minister

State
State Secretary
District
District Officer

Secretariat:
NSC

Sub System of each level
Disaster Operating
Control Center (DOCC)

Search and Rescue

On Scene Post
Security Control

Health and MedicalMedia
WelfareSupportOperational Approach Bottom Up Approach If the District has shortage of Manpower,

Fund or Equipments, the state level orfederal level will assist and coordinatePublic Awareness Program Publication of Public Awareness Guideline

on Disaster (on review) 26 December is declared as National
Disaster Awareness Day; Publication of Safer School Manual by
Ministry of Education; Publication of Safety Manual of Crisis andDisaster by NSC.

Disaster Awareness Day 2006
 2-Day Seminar on “Mainstreaming

Disaster Risk Reduction Into
Development Policy, Planning and
Implementation”;
 Launching of Safety Manual of Disasterand Crisis; Launching of Disaster Day’s Song, “Dunia

Semakin Usang”;
 Received contribution from other country,
private sectors and NGO for National
Disaster Relief Trust Fund; 26 December 2006, Kuala Lumpur.

Preparedness
 Early Warning System

 Structural- Flood Mitigation Structure i.e. The

Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel(SMART) National Disaster Relief Trust Fund (NDRTF)
 Policy, Guidelines and Standard Operating
Procedures (S.O.P)
 Establishment of Central Store Capacity Building Bilateral, Regional and International
Cooperation

Early Warning SystemMalaysian Meteorological Department (MMD)
Weather Forecasting and Warning Tsunami Early Warning System

Malaysian Department of Irrigation and Drainage
(DID)




Malaysian Centre for Remote Sensing (MACRES)

Telemetry System - Flood Forecasting Models and Infobanjir

National Disaster Data and Information Management System (NADDI)

Department of Environment (DOE)

Air Pollutant Index (API) - Haze

Malaysian Tsunami Early
Warning System
After the Asian Tsunami in Dec 2004
 Developed by Malaysian Meteorological Dept.
 Three technologically advanced deep waterbuoys to be deployed at locations around
Malaysia.
 The first buoy was installed near Pulau Rondo,
Sumatra on 30 December 2005
 The second buoy installed at Peninjau Island on
the South China Sea in early March 2006
 The third buoy proposed to deploy in the Sulu/
Celebes Sea.
 Dissemination System: Short Messaging System(SMS), mass media, telephone, fax and website
The Stormwater Management and Road
Tunnel (SMART)
Jointly project between
Department of Drainage
and Irrigation and theHighway Authority of
Malaysia
 Inner diameter 11.8m,
distance 9.7km
 diverting the water into
the river downstream Dual function i.e. formotorway during normaldays and water drainage
during heavy rain/flood.
National Disaster Relief TrustFund (NDRTF)
 Annual allocation from the Government Public Contribution
 Operating Expenditure from various

agencies for recovery and reconstruction
 To address the immediate needs of theaffected communities
 Monitoring and distribution by NSC

Standard Operating
ProceduresStandard Operating Procedures (S.O.P.) on preparation,
prevention, response, recovery and rehabilitation
 Three major S.O.P.
 S.O.P. for flood (Chapter 1),
 S.O.P. for industrial disasters (Chapter 2) and S.O.P.

for forest fire/open burning and haze
(Chapter 3).

National Contingency Plan for Oil Spill Combat
 S.O.P. for earthquake and tsunami disasters (after 26
December 2004) – in progress
 S.O.P. on Pandemic/ Endemic Preparedness Plans – onrevisionBilateral, Regional andInternational Cooperation
Regional Cooperation
 ASEAN Committee on Disaster

Management (ACDM) (Regional
Cooperation and Assistance)
 ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)(Confidence Building) Asian Disaster Reduction Centre (ADRC)(Information Sharing) Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre(ADPC) (Educational and Training
Cooperation)

Bilateral, Regional and International
Cooperation

International Cooperation
 FEMA – (USA) (International Networking) United Nations – International Search andRescue Advisory Groups (UN – INSARAG)(Humanitarian Assistance Networking) Typhoon Committee (Mitigation,
Coordination and Early Warning
Cooperation)
 Participating in UN-ISDR (United Nations –International strategy for Disaster
Reduction).
 Malaysian Meteorological Department(MMD) – World MeteorologicalOrganization

Response and Relief
Search and Rescue - Special Malaysia Disaster
Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART Team) Health and Medical – i.e. Emergency Medical
Services and Malaysian Armed Forces Welfare/ Evacuation Centre – i.e. Welfare Dept.
 Support – i.e. District Office, Municipal/Town
Council, Malaysian Telecommunication Ltd.
 Media – i.e. Information Dept. and Broadcasting
Dept.
 Security Control – Royal Malaysian PoliceRole of Non Government
Organization (NGOs)
To provide assistance in disaster mitigation, response,
recovery, rehabilitation and construction;
 Malaysian Red Crescent Society (MRCS) – medical
assistance and rehabilitation
 MERCY – medical assistance and rehabilitation
 Haluan Malaysia – rehabilitation and reconstruction
 Global Peace Malaysia – medical assistance andrehabilitation
 AMAN Malaysia – rehabilitation and reconstruction
 St. John Ambulance – medical assistanceProgress and Situations of the
Hyogo Framework for Action(HFA)
HFA had been adopted by Malaysia during the
National Disaster and Relief Management
Committee Meeting chaired by the Deputy Prime
Minister on November 2005.
 Malaysia is still in the phase of restructuring andreorganizing the disaster management system to
fit in the HFA.
 Malaysia is also in the phase of enhancing thecoordination of responsibility between thegovernment agencies in terms of disastermanagement system.
Progress and Situations of the
Hyogo Framework for Action
(HFA)









To ensure that disaster risk reduction is anational and local priority with a strong
institutional basis for implementation.
To identify, assess and monitor disaster risks
and enhance early warning.
Use knowledge, innovation and education tobuild a culture of safety and resilience at alllevels.
To reduce the underlying risk factors.
To strengthen disaster preparedness for
effective response at all levels

Conclusion








Malaysia hopes to create a safer environment for thecommunity through effective disaster management, risk
reduction concept and sustainable development ingoing through the millennium years.
Since natural hazards cannot be avoided, integration ofrisk assessment and early warnings, with prevention
and mitigation measures, can prevent them fromescalating into disasters.
Good collaboration with international organization suchas ADRC, WMO, JICA, UN, etc of sharing informationand technologies.
Good cooperation between agencies to promote betterways in dealing with disasters in Malaysia.

ADRC
Asian Disaster Reduction Center(ADRC)

Thank you for your kindattention
TERIMA KASIH
ありがとう