Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views of
the ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Disaste Management System
DisasterS stem : Bangladesh
By
MohammadM
hdM
Maniruli l IIslaml
Senior Assistant Secretary

Ministryi i
off DisasteriManagement & Relief
li f
Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

MM1

B
Bangladesh:l d h A south
th A
Asian
i countrytTectonic Location of Bangladeshスライド 2
MM1

Bangladesh is in between Bay of Bengal and Himalya and its geographical position not only provides live giving monsoon but also make it hazard prone.
Bangladesh discharges almost entre runoff of western Himalyan catchment. The amount of water Bangladesh discharges in te bay, 92-93% are comingfrom upper catchment. Being the lower riperian country of te mighty rivers, Bangladesh has a graet deal of dependence on the rainfall and runoff , thevariation of what constitutes major hazards for Bang;ladesh. Cyclone land fall and storm surges originating in te Indian ocean and or in to the bay was
always there. One third of te country is under tidal excursiona and there by salinity.
MOHAMMAD MANIRUL, 2014/01/25

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Country Profile: Bangladesh•Total population : 165 million•Total Geographic Area : 147,570 sqkm
•Population density in coastal areas :1000/sqkm•Flood plains: 80% of total areas•Located at fragile deltaic flood-plain•More than 300 rivers (57 Trans boundary
rivers)•High-risk country to recurrent natural
disastersMohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Physiography of Bangladesh• Flood Plain• Costal forest• Hilly area
• High land forest

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

A riverine country
with 310 rivers
 Total river length : 24,000km
 Annual Ave. Rainfall:
1200mm in NW and
5500mm in NE
 Trans-boundary rivers-57- 57 from India- 03 from Myanmar

Cherapunji (in INDIA)
Worlds highest rainfall

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Disasters in Bangladesh
FloodTropical Cyclone
Storm Surge
Tornado
River Bank Erosion
Drought
Earthquake
Arsenic
FireLandslide

Year
1970
1988
1988
1991
1996
1997
1998
2004
2007
2007
2007
2009
2012
2012

Disaster
CycloneFlood
CycloneCycloneTornadoC l
Cyclone
Flood
Flood
Flood
Landslide
Cyclone(SIDR)y()
Cyclone (‘alia)
Landslide
Cyclone (Mahasen)

Death
300,000
2,373
5 704
5,704
138,868
545
550
918
747
1,071
129
3,406
190
119
14

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Flood/River Erosion, Cyclone and Earthquake Hazard Maps

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

NATIONAL DISASTER CONTEXT• Frequentlyq
y hit byy various natural disasters like Cyclones,y, Storm
surges, Floods, Tornadoes, Droughts and other calamities.
• Monsoon flooding is an annual occurrence shaping lives andl lh dlivelihoods.
• Almost 200 disaster events have occurred causing more than
500 000 deaths and leaving prolonged damage to livelihoods
500,000
livelihoods,
infrastructure and the economy.
• Climate change is likely to cause significant impact in the form of
severe floods, cyclones, droughts, sea level rise and salinity
affecting agriculture, livelihoods, natural orders, water supply,h lth etc.
healtht• The disaster vulnerable people demonstrates strong coping
capacity to face the disaster challenges
challenges.

DIS
SASTE
ERS

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013BDISAS
STERS

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

DIS
SASTE
ERS

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Key Factors of Vulnerability
Gl b l W
GlobalWarmingi andd Cli
Climatet Ch
ChangeGeographical location
Dominance of floodplains
Low elevation from the sea
High population densityHigh
g level of povertypyMohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B
Bangladesh DM History
 Soon after 1991 cyclone which caused huge damage and loss, the country hasrealized that the reactive response to disaster is no longer an option for
Bangladesh The country has adopted a paradigm shift from reactive response tocomprehensive DM approach that includes a number of strategies andmechanism/policy decision
 SOD formulated in 1997 – SOD recognized every bodies roles andresponsibilities in DM and those are spelt out in the document. SOD also
created and institutional CDMP was formulated in 2000 and launched in 2004
 Government also adopted a new DM vision A Bangladesh DM model has been created/developed and adopted – themodel gave main emphasis on disaster risk reduction

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

GoB Vision on Disaster Management
To reduceTdth vulnerability
thelbilit off people,
l especially
i ll thethpoor, to the effects of natural, environmental andhuman induced hazards to a manageable andacceptable humanitarian level.
Mission of The MoDMR
To
o b
bring
g a paparadigm
ad gshiftt in dsdisastersaste managementa age e tfrom coventional response and relief to a morecomprehensive risk reduction culture and to promote
food security as an important factor in ensuring theresilience of the community to hazards.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

GoB Capacity in Disaster Management
•
•
•
•
•
•

Specialized Ministry for Disaster Management & Relief
Creation of Department Disaster Management : shifting focus
from relief to disaster management specially to risk reduction
culture.
ECNEC Decision as part of Mainstreaming of Disaster Risk
Reduction.
Reduction
Issuance of SOD (Standing Order on Disaster): establishingmechanisms and procedures for effective response at all levels
during disaster emergency
Initiate formulation of ‘Comprehensive Disaster Management
Framework’ involving all disaster stakeholders including donor
community
From 2000 onwards – introduction and mainstreaming of risk
reduction

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Disaster Management Institutions
in Bangladesh
National Disaster
Management Council
Inter Ministerial
Disaster Management
Coordination
Committee (IMDMCC)

National Disaster
Management Advisory
Council (NDMAC)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief
Cyclone Preparedness
Programme
Implementation Board

Department of Disaster Management
District Disaster
Management Committee
Municipal Disaster
Management Committee

City C
Cit
Corporationti
Disaster Management
Committee

Zone / Upazila

Union

UpazilaUpa
a Disastersaste Managementa age e t Committee
Co
ttee
Union Disaster Management Committee

VillageMohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

CDMP
CDMP isi a strategict t i iinstitutional
tit til andd programming
i approach
h th
thatt
is designed to optimize the reduction of long-term risk and tostrengthen the operational capacities for responding toemergencies and disaster situations including actions to improve
recovery from these events.
CDMP is now implementing programmes:
 Capacity building Partnership development
 Community empowerment
 Response management through its 12 components

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013BDRR Institutions
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

DDM
DOE
BMD
CPP
FFWC
IWM
SPARRSO
SOB
BARC
DAE
CEGIS
AFD

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Standing Orders On Disaster• The standing order creates
the opportunity toestablish disastermanagement committee atevery level.
• The standing orders fordisaster management
provide amplep
p scopep for
the Government, NGOs
and private sectors to think
locally and plan need based
program involving thecommunity.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Committees under SOD
 National Disaster Management Council (NDMC)
 Inter-Ministerial Disaster Management Co-ordination
Committee (IMDMCC) National Disaster Management Advisory Committee(NDMAC) Cyclone Preparedness Program Implementation Board(CPPIB) Disaster ManagementgTraining
g and Public Awareness
Building Task Force (DMTATF)
 Focal Point Operation Coordination Group of Disaster
Managementg((FPOCG)) NGO Coordination Committee on Disaster
Management (NGOCC)
 Committee for Speedy Dissemination of Disaster
Related Warning/ Signals (CSDDWS)

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Local Level DM Committee
 District Disaster Management Committee (DDMC) headed by the
Deputy Commissioner (DC) to co-ordinate and review the disastermanagement activities at the district level Upazila Disaster Management Committee (UZDMC) headed by the
U il Nirbahi
UpazilaNi b hi Officer
Offi (UNO) tto co-ordinate
di t andd review
i th
the didisastertmanagement activities at the Upazila level Union Disaster ManagementgCommittee ((UDMC)) headed byy the
Chairman of the Union Parishad to co-ordinate, review and implement
the disaster management activities of the concerned union Pourashava Disaster Management Committee (PDMC) headed by
Chairman of Pourashava (municipality) to co-ordinate, review andimplement the disaster management activities within its area ofjjurisdiction
 City Corporation Disaster Management Committee (CCDMC) headedby the Mayor of City Corporations to co-ordinate, review andimplement the disaster management activities within its area ofjurisdiction.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT FOR COORDINATION

Disaster Management Information Centre (DMIC)
has been established to support information
management and coordination.
coordination
Objectives:
 Enhance disaster management coordination
through improved facilities and information
sharing capacities of DMIC during normal andemergency periods
 Improved capacity of information sharing during
normal (non(non-emergency) periods
 EOC more effectively and efficiently coordinatedduring disasters

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

I f
Informationti FlowFlduringd i Emergency
E
ResponseR
Upazila Disaster Management
Committee

Union Disaster
Management Committee

District Disaster
Managementt Committee
M
C
itt

CPP
Volunteers
NDRCC ofMoDMR

CPP H/Q

PM officemonitoring
cell

BMD/
SPARRSO

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013BCYCLONE PREPAREDNESS PROGRAMME (CPP)
Covered coastal area

District-- 13
District
U
UpazilaUpazila
il - 37
Union-Union

321

Unit-Unit

3281

Volunteer-- 49,215
VolunteerMohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

The Main activities of Cyclone Preparedness
Programme••••

Disseminate cyclone warning signals to local residents;
Assist people in taking shelter.
Rescue victims affected by a cyclone.
Provide first aid to people injured by a cyclone.

CPP is now a worldwide renowned organization for
its’ dedicated volunteers and effectiveness inemergency response during disaster especially incyclone.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Early Warning Dissemination
BMD and FFWC generates Early warnings
Ensure receipt of warning signals of imminent disasters by allconcerned officials, agencies and mass communication media
Publish daily bulletins during disaster period for foreign embassies
and UN Missions
CPP plays vital roles disseminating EW to community level
Committees under SOD ensure EW dissemination at all level

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Lines of Defense• StructuralSl– Cyclone shelters– Embankments– Polders, evacuation routes, killahs– Houses and building retrofitting (cyclone resilient)• Non structural– Institutional preparedness– Warningg systemy– Response preparedness– Communityy & civil societyy mobilization

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Evacuation and Rescue Operation
I t t local
Instructl l authoritiesth iti ffor evacuation
ti andd rescue operationsti
Undertakingg evacuation measures in risk areas byy Local DM
Committees
49000 CPP Volunteers
Vol nteers and the Community
Comm nit Leaders in the risk
areas play important roles in evacuation to shelters
AFD, CPP and DMC members take part in rescue operation
Emergency Responses by GO
GO, NGOs and Others

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Immediate Assistance & Needs• Search and rescue operation• Supply of instant food
• Medicare• Water and sanitation• Humanitarian Assistance Programme• Temporary
Tshelterh lt ffor didisplacedld peoplel• Restoration of livelihoods• Safety Net Programmes

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Resource Mobilization System
MoDMR
Department Of
DisasterManagement

DC Offices

UNO Offices andUnion Parishad
FIELD

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Cyclone Shelter Total Number of Cyclone Shelters-2975
Killas- 137
 Total Number of Killas

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Disaster Management Regulative Framework
DisasterManagement Act)

National Plan for DM

DM Policy

Sectoral Policies

Sectoral Plans(DRR Incorporated)(DRR Incorporated)

SOD

Local Plans
Hazard Plans

Guideline
Templates

Programming for Implementation

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

INTERNATIONAL COPERATION Chair, SDMC (SARRC Disaster Management Centre).
 Focal Point, HFA Progress Monitoring and Reporting.
 Development of close collaboration with Asian Disaster
Preparedness Centre (ADPC) of Thailand, Asian Disaster
Reduction Centre (ADRC) of Japan
Japan, Federal Emergency
Management Agency(FEMA) of America, Institute ofDisaster Risk Management (IDRM) of Philippines
Philippines,
Emergency Management of Australia etc.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Bangladesh
National progress report on the implementation of the
H
Hyogo
Framework
F
k for
f A
Actioni ( 2009-20112009 2011)

Priority for action 1“E“Ensurethatth t disasterdi t riski k reduction
d ti iis a nationaltil andd a llocall priority
i it with
ith a strongtinstitutional basis for implementation”
PROGRESS:
9
A new ministry established to deal with disaster management affairs
exclusively named Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief (MoDMR)
9N ti
Nationall Di
Disastert M
Managementt Pl
Plan ( 20102010-2015
2015 ) approvedd iin A
April,
il 2010thlinked with Vision 2021 and 6 Five Year Plan
9
Revised Standing Orders on Disaster ( SOD ) , which explicitly outlined the
DRR & CCA business for GO, NGO, public representatives & citizens
9National Disaster Management Act has been published in 2012

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Priority for action 02“Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning”

9 Updating of the risk assessment 12 guidelines in revised SOD
9 Specific Sectoral Disaster Risk Reduction guidelines develops by CDMP
9 Detailed risk assessment mapping for earthquake and tsunami forthree cities Dhaka, Chittagong & Sylhet prepared and planned for neweight cities
9 DRR budget now 4.5% of national Budget
9 Climate Change Fund (CCF ) US $ 100m/Year
9 Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund ( BCCRF ) US $ 110m
9 Resource allocation increased to all line ministries towards DRR
9 Development Partners support increases towards national DRR
initiatives

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Priority for action 03“Use knowledge, innovation and education to built a culture of safety and resilience at alllevels”

9 Bangladesh DM Education Research and Training ( BDMERT )established
9 Key ministries, research institutions and civil society organization
established website for sharing of disaster related knowledge
9 DMIC established network with 64 Districts HQ and planned to expand
to all 485 Upazilas by 2012
9 BMD. FFWC, CPP, BTV, Radio, mobile phone companies & Other
electronic and print media contributing significantly in dissemination ofearly warning and disaster Messages
9 Disaster & climate risk information are included in text book fromelementary to higher secondary level
9 DRR education & special course in universities, institutions, armed
forces div
div, civil service college etc

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Priority 04“ Reduce the underlying risk factors “
9 National Adaptation Program of Action ( NAPA) & Bangladesh Climate
Change Strategy & Action Plan has already prepared
9 Bilateral
Bil t l & multilateralltil t l ddonors exploringl i ththe possibilities
ibiliti off creatingti
multi-donor trust fund to accelerate financing for research andadaptation
9 Climate change Cell established and focal points identified for eachministries
9 DRR & CCA link developed with the introduction of various program
launched by different ministries i.e sustainable land management
program, climate resilience crop verities, cyclone resistance house etc
9 Strong institutionall arrangement ffor implementinglsociall protection
program
9 National committee for updating national building code, land use plan
9 Disaster risk reduction & EIA for all development projects

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Priority for action 05“ strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels”

9 Nationall Planl ffor DM, DM Act, SOD mentioned
d tasks
k ffor allll
sectoral safety preparedness
9 For existing structure
structure, retrofitting techniques are being
introduced to combat earthquakepsafetyy
9 Mock drill gguidelines for school and hospitals
9 Earthquake contingency developed for AFD, FSCD, DGHS & DRR
9 30,000 members of local DMCs imparted training oncomprehensive DM
9 DMB established damage, loss and need assessment cell
9 60,000
60 000 volunteerl
are working
ki 13 cyclonelprone district
di i
9 Search and rescue equipment
9 Adequate reserve of relief materials in each district

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Community Risk Assessment (CRA) Process

GIS Application

Social Map

Hazard Map

Risk Map

CRAs for 612 unions of 16 districts

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Risk Reduction Interventions Come-out through CRA

Construction of Community
Shelters

Renovation of existing
shelter

Construction of road to go to
Shelter

CommunityC
it people
l raisedi d thethground height of the village andprotected the entire village withbamboo and Chaillya

Seed distribution in flood
affected area

Construction of dug- well for
drinking water

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

What Made the Difference
9 Improvement of disaster risk reduction
measures including early warning system.
9 Active leadership role in the field level
Disaster Management Committees
9 Coastal afforestation projects
9 Cyclone and Flood shelters
9 Embankments in Coastal Belts（3433ｋｍ）
9 18000 Urban Volunteers.
9 Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP)having 49,000 volunteers.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Comparison
CyclonePopulation Death

1970>300 000>300,000

1991>140,000
140 000

SIDR 2007

3,406

Aila 2009
Mahasen 2013

190
16

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Vulnerability Mapping for Earthquake

Seismic Zoning Map ofBangladesh

National
Building CodeRegulations endorsedby parliament on Nov.
2006 for implementing
building code

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

SEISMIC MICROZONING MAP OF MAJOR CITIES UNDER CDMP
Major Geological
F lt
FaultsScenario based seismic microzoning Map

PGA: 300-500

PGA: 700-900

PGA: 300-500

Dhaka

Chittagong

SylhetMohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Bangladesh: The Good Practices• Established the DM Regulatory Framework – identified theactors and their roles related to DRR and Emergency
Response• Professionalizing the DM system – inclusion of disasterand climate risks in education curricula at primary,secondary and tertiary levels• Introduction of a bottom up approach in development
planning (CRA and RRAP)• Seismic vulnerability mapping and contingency planning(ADPC acted as a technical partner)• Information sharing through DMIC network from central tocommunity level (ADPC acted as a technical partner)• Promoted volunteerism both in urban and rural (ADPC
acted
d as a technicalh i l partner))Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

National Priorities for 2011-2020••••

Implementation of the National Plan for
Disaster Managementg(2010-2015)()
Strengthen institutional capacity of allactors as per the revised SOD
Coordinated social safety net to reduce
vulnerable population
Strengthen mechanisms for sectoral andlocal level implementation of DRR/CCA
measures

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Regional Priorities for 2011-2020• Coordination
C di i off regionalil agendas
d ffor global
l b l
representation and national level leveraging• Establishing/utilization of common
resources/mechanisms for enhancing nationalrisk reduction coordinationg
responsepplan/mechanismp• Establishingg a regional
for catastrophic disasters

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Achieving the Cultural Shift!!
• Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction• Developing medium to long term milestones• Developing broad and logically sequenced PPRR
strategies
g that target
g all levels• Capacity Building• Policy Reform• Legal Framework

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Risk Reduction Challenges• EEarly
l warning
i withith adequatedt lleadd titime iin community
it
language;• Integrated framework for Earthquake preparedness and andpost-Earthquake response.
embankment, green belt along the coast;• Resilient embankment• Expansion of disaster management information network• Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction and climate change
adaptation in development process• Strengthening linkage with regional and internationalorganizations involved in DRR in line with HFA.
• Mainstreamingg disaster risk reduction and climate changegadaptation in development process

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Research Topicp
An Integrated Framework for the Earthquake
Preparedness: An Assessment of the
A li bili off JJapanese EExperience
ApplicabilityiiniBangladesh.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Background of Research• Bangladesh,B l d h ad
densely
l populatedl t d countryt iin theth W
World.
ld• Tectonically, Bangladesh stands on the junction of threet t i plates
tectonicl t - theth IIndian
di plate,l t ththe EEurasiani platel t anddthe Burmese micro-plate.
• The
Th northh andd north-easternhparts off B
Bangladeshl d h are thehmost active seismic zones.
• Two major earthquake caused severe damage.
• About 20 moderate earthquakes occurred in Bangladesh,and surrounding areas in the years 1833 to 1988.
• Recently every years Bangladesh has experienced 5.0 to
5.5 magnitude earthquakes.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Justification of Research• In Bangladesh, Earthquake are still unreachable atpoint of p
preparedness,pemergency
g y responsep
the p
and risk reduction.
• Nation shall have time bound implementable
National Earthquake Risk Reduction Plan.
• The occurrence of earthquakes in Bangladesh andneighbouring regions are poorly documented.
Few records of them are available in publishedand unpublished literatures.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Specific Aims of this Research• To understand tools and processes on earthquake
preparedness at a national and local level in Japan.
• To review response models and ways of working withpother keyy responders.
• To asses applicability of Japanese experience onearthquake response and recovery in Bangladesh
Bangladesh.
• Replicating Japanese vast experience on earthquake
risk reduction in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh• To prepare recommendations for improvement of the
National Earthquake Risk Reduction Plan in
Bangladesh.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Expected Outcomes• The research will provide necessary informationand guidelines to facilitate tools,
tools processes andmodels on managing earthquake;• identify inadequacy and gaps of earthquake
management and preparedness in Bangladesh;• pave the way to find specific mechanisms to applypexperiencepin BangladeshgregardingggJapanese
earthquake management preparedness;• introduce an integrated framework for theearthquake preparedness.

Mohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Rana PlazaR
Pl
ExperienceMohammad Manirul IslamADRC Visiting Researcher FY2013B

Th k You
Thank