Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

Properties, Uses,
Storage, and HandlingOpteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

Table of Contents
Introduction............................................................................3

Air Monitors and Leak Detection....................................... 14

Background...................................................................................................... 3

Types of Detectors..................................................................................14

Opteon™ YF Refrigerant Description............................................. 3

Shipping, Storage, and Handling ....................................... 15

Uses........................................................................................3

Shipping Information (Cylinders, Half-Ton, Ton, andISO Containers).........................................................................................15

Performance Comparison......................................................4

Cylinders Storage and Handling........................................ 15

Physical Properties................................................................5
Opteon™ YF General Property Information................................ 5

Aftermarket Cylinder Use and Storage............................. 15

Chemical/Thermal Stability...................................................6

Bulk Storage Systems ....................................................... 15
Bulk Storage Preparation....................................................................16

Stability with Metals ................................................................................. 6

Bulk Tank and Line Preparation.......................................................16

Thermal Decomposition......................................................................... 6

Converting Bulk Storage Tanks from R-134a
to Opteon™ YF ...........................................................................................16

Compatibility Concerns If R-134a and Opteon™ YF
Are Mixed.......................................................................................................... 7
Materials Compatibility........................................................................... 7

Material Compatibility Concerns...................................................17

Compatibility with Elastomers .......................................................... 7
Compatibility with Plastics .................................................................. 9

Handling Precautions for Opteon™ YF
Shipping Containers........................................................... 17

Compatibility with Desiccants.........................................................11

Recovery, Reclamation, Recycle, and Disposal................. 17

Lubricants............................................................................ 11

Recovery.........................................................................................................17
Reclamation.................................................................................................18

Safety.................................................................................. 11

Recycle............................................................................................................18

Decomposition...........................................................................................11

Disposal..........................................................................................................18

Inhalation Toxicity.....................................................................................12
Skin and Eye Contact............................................................................13
Flammability ...............................................................................................132

Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

Introduction

propagation in the unlikely event an ignition were to occur. Basicchemical information for Opteon™ YF is given in Table 1, and its

Backgroundchemical structure is given in Figure 1.

Under increasing pressure to address global warming
concerns, a directive was issued in the European Union to

Table 1: Opteon™ YF Chemical Information

begin the phaseout of high global warming potential (GWP)
refrigerants in automotive air conditioning starting January 1,
2011. R-134a is the predominant refrigerant used globally

Chemical Name

2,3,3,3- tetrafluoropropene

Molecular Formula

CF3CF=CH2

CAS Registry Number

in automotive air conditioning. R-134a has a 100 year GWP

754-12-1

Molecular Weightvalue of 1430 according to the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change 4th Assessment Report (AR4). Under the
EU Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC) Directive, replacement
refrigerants must have a GWP of less than 150. Therefore,
R-134a will have to be phased out for use in the European
Union for automobile air conditioning use.
Opteon™ YF Refrigerant Description
Opteon™ YF is a non-ozone depleting, low GWP refrigerant
that was developed to meet the EU MAC Directive. With a
GWP of 4, Opteon™ YF readily meets the EU MAC
Directive.
Opteon™ YF or HFO-1234yf is a hydrofluoro-olefin (HFO) ora hydrofluorinated compound with a double bond. The doublebond gives HFO-1234yf some unique environmental
properties. It is chemically stable in closed systems, such as
mobile air conditioning systems. However, when Opteon™ YF

114.04Lower Flammability Limit, Vol. % in
air (23 °C [73 °F], ASTM E681-09)

6.2

Upper Flammability Limit, Vol. %in air (23 °C [73 °F], ASTM
E681-09)12.3

Minimum Ignition Energy, mJ at
20 °C (68 °F) and 1 atm(Chemours in-house method.
Tests conducted in 12 liter flask
to minimize wall quenching effects)

5,000-10,000

Autoignition Temperature, °C (°F)
(EC Physico/Chemical Test A15,
Measured by Chilworth
Technology, UK)

405 (761)

Heat of Combustion, MJ/kg per
ASHRAE Standard 34(Stoichiometric composition
7.73% in air)

10.7

Fundamental Burning Velocity,
cm/s (per ISO 817, Measured by
AIST, Japan)

1.5

Figure 1: Opteon™ YF Chemical Structureis accidentally released into the atmosphere, it has a shortatmospheric lifetime of 11-12 days (compared to 13 years
for R-134a). The short atmospheric lifetime results in very
low global warming potential. The low GWP and equivalentcooling capacity and energy efficiency to R-134a enables
HFO-1234yf to provide better environmental benefits.
HFO-1234yf is a single component refrigerant; so, it does nothave a temperature glide in heat exchangers. Opteon™ YF does

Uses

not contain chlorine or bromine; so, it has an ozone depletion

Opteon™ YF performs similarly to R-134a from a coolingpotential (ODP) of zero. While HFO-1234yf is similar tocapacity and energy efficiency standpoint over a wide

R-134a, it is mildly flammable and classified by ASHRAE

range of operating conditions. It is designed for use inStandard 34 as a class 2L refrigerant (ASTM E-681-04). The

direct expansion type systems for new OEM mobile

properties of HFO-1234yf have been well investigated andair-conditioning system applications. Opteon™ YF exhibits

published in various journals. HFO-1234yf has a lower

similar operating temperatures and pressures compared to

flammability limit (LFL) of 6.2 vol% in air and upper flammability

R-134a, and has the potential to replace R-134a in all

limit (UFL) of 12.3 vol% in air at 23 °C (73 °F). Results indicate

applications where mild flammability is accepted.

HFO-1234yf has mild flammability versus other refrigerant
candidates when comparing lower flammability limit and the

Opteon™ YF has been listed by the U.S. Environmental

difference between LFL and UFL. HFO-1234yf has highProtection Agency (EPA) under the Significant New

minimum ignition energy, 5,000-10,000 mJ, indicating it is very

Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program as an acceptabledifficult to ignite with a spark ignition source. It also has a low

substitute for ozone-depleting substances in motor vehicle

burning velocity of 1.5 cm/sec, indicating very slow flame

air-conditioning applications, subject to use conditions.
3

Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

Information on HFO-1234yf use conditions can be found in

Figure 2: HFO-1234yf Vapor Pressure Compared to R-134a

the U.S. Federal Register, 76 FR 17488. Opteon™ YF is3

subject to the Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) in the
United States. Therefore, in the United States, this product2.5

should be used only in applications listed in the Opteon™ YF
Vapor Pressure, MPa

Safety Data Sheet (MSDS or eSDS) regulatory section.

Performance Comparison
Opteon™ YF thermodynamic properties are very similar to
R-134a. Boiling point, critical point, and liquid and vapor
density are comparable to R-134a, as shown in Table 2
and Figure 2.

2

R-134aHFO-1234yf

1.5

1

0.5

Table 2: HFO-1234yf vs. R-134a Property Comparison
Properties

HFO-1234yf

R-134aBoiling Point, Tb–29.5 °C
(85.1 °F)

–26.1°C(79 °F)

Critical Point, Tc

94.7 °C(202.5 °F)

101 °C(214 °F)

Pvap, MPa (25 °C [77 °F])

0.683

0.665

Pvap, MPa (80 °C [176 °F])

2.62

2.63

Liquid Density, kg/m (25 °C [77
°F])

1092

1207

Vapor Density, kg/m3 (25 °C [77
°F])

37.9

32.4

ASHRAE Safety Class

A2L

A1

3

0
-200

20

40

60

80

Temperature, °C

Figure 3: Infrared Spectra of HFO-1234yf – Transmittance

Information generated using REFPROP version 9, release date November
2010. Ref. State: Enthalpy = 200 kJ/kg, entropy = 1 kJ/kg-K for thesaturated liquid at 0°C (32 F) (IIR)

Figure 4: Infrared Spectra of HFO-1234yf – Absorbance4

Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

Physical Properties
General physical properties for Opteon™ YF are shown in Table 3. Additional thermodynamic and physical property data may
be found in other Chemours publications.
Table 3: Opteon™ YF General Property Information
Physical Property

Unit

Opteon™ YF (HFO-1234yf)

Molecular Weightg/mol

114.04

Vapor Pressure at 25 °C (77° F)

kPa abs
psia

683
99.0

Boiling Point (1 atm)

°C
°F

–29.5
–21.0

Critical Temperature

°C
°F

94.7
202.5

Critical PressurekPa abs
psia

3382
490.6

Critical Density

kg/m3
lb/ft3476
29.7

Density (Liquid) at 25 °C (77 °F)

kg/m3
lb/ft3

1092
68.2

Density (Satd. Vapor) at 25°C (77 °F)

kg/m3
lb/ft337.9
2.37

Heat Capacity (Liquid) at 25 °C (77 °F)

kJ/kg·K
Btu/lb·F

1.39210.21786

Heat Capacity (Vapor) at 25 °C (77 °F) (1 atm)

kJ/kg·K
Btu/lb·F

0.90550.2165Heat of Vaporization at Normal Boiling Point

kJ/kg
Btu/lb145.37

W/m·K
Btu/hr·ft·F

0.063585
0.036763

W/m·K
Btu/hr·ft·F

0.013648
0.0078784

mPa·s
mPa·s

0.155450.012372

ASHRAE Std. 34, ISO 817

A2L

vol %
vol %

6.2%
12.3%

CFC-11 = 1.00

CO2 = 1

4

Thermal Conductivity at 25 °C (77 °F)
LiquidVapor (1 atm)
Viscosity at 25 °C (77 °F)
LiquidVapor (1 atm)
Flammability Rating
Flammability Limit in Air (1 atm, 23 °C [73 °F])
LFL
UFL
Ozone Depletion Potential
Global Warming Potential (AR4)
TSCA Inventory Status

IncludedYes

WEEL Exposure Limit**ppm (8 and 12 hr TWA)

500

5

Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

Chemical/Thermal Stability

Figure 5b: HFO-1234yf and R-134a with PAG Thermal
Stability Testing at 200 °C (392 °F) for 2 weeks

Stability with Metals
Stability tests for refrigerants with metals are typically	
  performed neat and in the presence of refrigeration
lubricants. Traditionally, the stability test is run in sealed

Front View of Sealed Tubes

Side View of Sealed Tubes	
  glass tubes at temperatures much higher than thoseencountered in refrigeration and air conditioning systems,
and is therefore referred to as an accelerated aging test.
HFO-1234yf has been evaluated for thermal stability
versus R-134a per ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1997-99.
Both the neat refrigerant and a mixture of lubricant andrefrigerant (50/50 volume ratio) were tested. Typically,
refrigerant or refrigerant/lubricant stability tests are
conducted at 175 °C (347 °F) for 2 weeks. In one study,
neat refrigerants were individually placed in sealed glass

Figure 6: HFO-1234yf and R-134a with POE Lubricant,tubes containing metal coupons (Al, Cu, and carbon steel)

Thermal Stability Testing at 175 °C (347 °F) for 2 weeks

and held at 200 °C (392 °F), a more severe condition, for
two weeks (Figures 5a and 5b).

	
  Figure 5a: HFO-1234yf and R-134a Thermal Stability
Testing at 200 °C (392 °F) for 2 weeks

Front View of Sealed Tubes

Side View of Sealed Tubes

Results obtained from these sealed tube stability tests for
Opteon™ YF indicate acceptable chemical stability in thepresence of common metals used in refrigeration and air
conditioning systems.
Thermal Decomposition
Results indicate neat HFO-1234yf and R-134a are

Like R-134a, Opteon™ YF will decompose when exposed tothermally stable, even at extremely high temperatures (200high temperature or flame sources. Decomposition may°C [392 °F]). There was no dulling of the steel coupon, no

produce toxic and/or irritating compounds, such as

coating or visible corrosion to any of the metals tested; inhydrogen fluoride. The decomposition products released

addition, there was no fluoride ion or acid generation. No

will irritate the nose and throat. Therefore, it is important todeposits or flocs formed during the testing.

prevent exposure to decomposition products by following
Chemours Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

As mentioned before, refrigerant/lubricant stability tests

recommendations for handling.

are normally conducted at 175 °C (347 °F) for 2 weeks.
However, HFO-1234yf had very good thermal stability, andtests were conducted up to 200 °C (392 °F).

6

Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

Compatibility Concerns If R-134a and Opteon™ YF

Materials Compatibility

Are Mixed

HFO-1234yf was evaluated for compatibility with a wide

Opteon™ YF and R-134a are chemically compatible witharray of plastics and elastomers used in automotive air

each other. This means they do NOT react with each otherconditioning systems to ensure compatibility with materials

and form other compounds. However, when these two

used in standard, as well as electric and hybrid, systems.

refrigerants are mixed by accident or deliberately, they will

Materials selected were those used in seals, gaskets,

form mixtures that are extremely difficult to separate.

hoses, motor fabrication, and insulation. Sealed tubes were

Mixtures of HFO-1234yf and R-134a refrigerant cannot

prepared containing either HFO-1234yf or R-134a andbe separated via on-site recycle machines or in typicalplastic/ elastomeric material, and held at 100 °C (212 °F)

facilities of an off-site reclaimer. The resulting blend will

for two weeks. Testing was done using more severe

have a small glide and may still be flammable, depending

conditions (100 °C [212 °F]) than typical material testing

upon degree of cross-contamination.

(60 °C [140 °F]).

Accidental blends containing large amounts of R-134a within

Elastomers were inspected for weight change, linear swell,

HFO-1234yf will be virtually impossible to service due toand hardness change immediately after removing from thealtering of P-T relationship. These mixtures will need to besealed tube and after 24 hours. Plastics were thendisposed of by a certified waste handler through incineration.

inspected for weight change immediately after removingfrom the sealed tube and again 24 hours later. Materials

Vapor Pressure

3.5

exposed to HFO-1234yf were then compared to thosematerials exposed to R-134a. Results show that HFO-

31234yf is slightly less aggressive to materials than R-134a.

Pressure (MPa)

2.5

Compatibility with Elastomers

2Compatibility results are listed in Tables 4 and 5 for Opteon™

1.5

YF in the presence of elastomers. It should be recognized

R-134a1that these data reflect compatibility in sealed tube tests,

HFO-1234yf
0.5

and that refrigerant compatibility in real systems can be

50/50 Blend

influenced by the actual operating conditions, the nature of

0
-40

-20

0

20

40

60

the polymers used, compounding formulations of the80

Temperature (C)polymers, and the curing or vulcanization processes used tocreate the polymer. Polymers should always be tested under
actual operating conditions before reaching final conclusions
about their suitability.
Additional studies were also done with Opteon™ YF in thepresence of selected elastomers and a 46 SUS PAG.
Information is available in Table 6. Opteon™ YF has similarmaterial compatibility with the selected elastomers in thepresence of the PAG tested.

7

Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

Table 4: Compatibility with Elastomers
Percent weight change, linear swell, and hardness change after 2 weeks at 100 ºC (212 °F) in R-134a vs. HFO-1234yf
immediately after removing from sealed tubes
R-134a

HF0-1234yf

WeightChange,%Linear Swell,%

Hardness
Change, delta

RatingWeightChange,%Linear Swell,%

Hardness
Change, delta

Buna S (SBR)

2.7

0.4

Rating

–11.3

1

2.1

0.4

–9.7

1

Butyl Rubber

4.1

EPDM (Nordel)

3.6

0.8

0.3

0

5.0

1.5

–2.3

0

0.5

0.3

0

3.5

0.7

–1.7

0

Hypalon

3.2

0.8

–3.3

0

2.7

0.9

–2.3

0

HNBR

15.2

4.5

–7.3

1

5.2

1.5

–8.7

0

NBR

14.1

3.5

3.0

1

5.8

1.2

7.3

0

Neoprene O-ring

–0 .4

–2.2

1.0

1

3.0

–2.6

1.0

0

Neoprene WRT

2.6

1.3

0.7

0

2.4

0.4

0.3

0

Polyurethane

13.5

–

–

2

1.0

–

–

2

Silicone

10.6

2.3

0.3

1

2.0

0.0

1.7

0

Viton™

47.4

15.1

–24.0

2

20.0

7.2

–20.3

2

Material®

Rating0 – <10% wt gain and <10% linear swell and <10 hardness change
1 – >10% wt gain or > 10% linear swell or > 10 hardness change
2 – >10% wt gain and >10% linear swell and >10 hardness change

Table 5: Compatibility with Elastomers
Percent weight change, linear swell, and hardness change after 2 weeks at 100 ºC (212 °F) in R-134a vs. HFO-1234yf
24 hours after removing from sealed tubes
R-134a

HF0-1234yf

WeightChange,%Linear Swell,%

Hardness
Change, delta

Buna S (SBR)

1.1

0.2

Butyl Rubber

3.2

EPDM (Nordel)

0.7

Material

RatingWeightChange,%Linear Swell,%

Hardness
Change, delta

Rating

–7.7

0

0.8

0.2

–14.3

1

0.4

1.7

0

4.1

0.9

–4.7

0

–0.1

0.7

0

0.6

–0.1

4.3

0

Hypalon

2.6

0.5

–1.7

0

2.4

0.6

4.3

0

HNBR

9.9

2.5

–5.7

1

4.4

1.2

–7.7

0

NBR

8.0

2.0

1.7

0

4.6

1.0

5.0

0

Neoprene O-ring

–0.5

–1.6

7.7

0

2.3

1.1

1.7

0

Neoprene WRT

1.3

0.6

–0.7

0

1.3

0.3

3.7

0

®

Polyurethane

1.5

–

–

2

0.1

–

–

2

Silicone

–0.1

0.2

1.0

0

–0.4

–0.5

2.3

0

Viton™

8.0

2.7

–13.7

1

8.0

3.0

–16.7

1

Rating0 – <10% wt gain and <10% linear swell and <10 hardness change
1 – >10% wt gain or > 10% linear swell or > 10 hardness change
2 – >10% wt gain and >10% linear swell and >10 hardness change

8Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

Table 6: Compatibility with Elastomers and 46 SUS PAG
Percent weight change, linear swell, and hardness change after 2 weeks at 100 ºC (212 °F) in R-134a vs. HFO-1234yf
24 hours after removing from sealed tubes
R-134a

HF0-1234yf

WeightChange,%Linear Swell,%

Hardness
Change, delta

Butyl Rubber

–1.56

–1.12

EPDM

–0.40

HNBR

8.62

Material

RatingWeightChange,%Linear Swell,%

Hardness
Change, delta

Rating

–3.50

0

–1.94

–1.55

0.50

0

–1.06

–2.00

0

–1.16

–0.51

0.00

0

2.08

–5.50

0

5.54

1.63

–7.00

0

NBR

2.96

0.02

–3.50

0

–0.69

–1.20

4.00

0

Neoprene WRT

–1.26

–0.58

2.00

0

–0.33

0.00

1.00

0

Silicone

1.44

–1.37

–2.50

0

–2.48

–0.51

–14.501

Rating0 – <10% wt gain and <10% linear swell and <10 hardness change
1 – >10% wt gain or > 10% linear swell or > 10 hardness change
2 – >10% wt gain and >10% linear swell and >10 hardness change

Compatibility with Plastics
Compatibility results are listed in Tables 7 and 8 for Opteon™ YF in the presence of plastics. It should be recognized thatthese data reflect compatibility in sealed tube tests, and that refrigerant compatibility in real systems can be influenced by
the actual operating conditions, the nature of the plastics used, and the actual product formulations. Plastics should always
be tested under actual operating conditions before reaching final conclusions about their suitability.
Additional studies were also done with Opteon™ YF in the presence of selected plastics and a 46 SUS PAG. Information isavailable in Table 9. Opteon™ YF has similar material compatibility with the selected plastics in the presence of the PAG tested.
Table 7: Compatibility with Plastics
Percent weight change after 2 weeks at 100 ºC (212 °F) in HFO-1234yf vs. R-134a immediately after removing fromsealed tubes
R-134aWeightChange,%PhysicalChangeAcetal (Delrin™)

2.7

Epoxy

HF0-1234yf
RatingWeightChange,%PhysicalChangeRating

0

0

0.7

0

0

0.1

0

0

–0.1

0

0

Motor Insulation

0.0

0

0

–2.9

0

0

Motor Insulation (Wire)

0.2

0

0

–0.1

0

0

Nylon Resin (Zytel™ 330)

0.3

0

0

–0.2

0

0

Phenolic

–0.8

0

0

–0.8

0

0

Polycarbonate

4.2

0

0

0.9

0

0

Polyester PBT (Crastin™ SK605)

12.5

0

1

1.1

0

0

Polyester PET (Bexloy™ 550)

9.3

0

0

5.3

0

0

Polyester Resin (Hytrel™ 5526)

7.6

0

0

4.2

0

0

Polyethylene (Alathon™)

1.3

0

0

1.7

0

0

Polyimide (Vespel™)

3.7

0

0

3.4

0

0

Teflon™ FEP

3.1

0

0

3.8

0

0

Teflon™ PTFE

2.7

0

0

3.0

0

0

Tefzel™ ETFE

6.0

0

0

4.9

0

0

Material

RatingPhysical Change

0 – weight percent change <10 and no physical change

0 – no change

1 – weight percent change >10 or physical change 1 or greater

1 – surface change

2 – weight percent change >10 or physical change 1 or greater

2 – destroyed or dissolved

9Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

Table 8: Compatibility with Plastics
Percent weight change after 2 weeks at 100 ºC (212 °F) in HFO-1234yf vs. R-134a 24 hours after removing fromsealed tubes
R-134a

HF0-1234yf

WeightChange,%PhysicalChangeRatingWeightChange,%PhysicalChangeRatingAcetal (Delrin™)

2.1

0

Epoxy

–0.3

0

0

0.6

0

0

0

–0.1

0

0

Motor Insulation

–1.6

0

0

–2.9

0

0

Motor Insulation (Wire)
Nylon Resin (Zytel™ 330)

–0.1

0

0

–0.2

0

0

–0.5

0

0

–0.4

0

0

Phenolic

–1.0

0

0

–0.8

0

0

Polycarbonate

3.9

0

0

0.8

0

0

Polyester PBT (Crastin™ SK605)

12.3

0

1

1.1

0

0

Polyester PET (Bexloy™ 550)

5.8

0

0

3.8

0

0

Polyester Resin (Hytrel™ 5526)

2.2

0

0

2.3

0

0

Polyethylene (Alathon™)

1.1

0

0

1.3

0

0

Polyimide (Vespel™)

3.2

0

0

3.2

0

0

Teflon™ FEP

2.7

0

0

3.2

0

0

Teflon™ PTFE

2.3

0

0

2.4

0

0

Tefzel™ ETFE

4.8

0

0

4.2

0

0

Material

RatingPhysical Change

0 – weight percent change <10 and no physical change

0 – no change

1 – weight percent change >10 or physical change 1 or greater

1 – surface change

2 – weight percent change >10 or physical change 1 or greater

2 – destroyed or dissolved

Table 9: Compatibility with Plastics and 46 SUS PAG
Percent weight change after 2 weeks at 100 ºC (212 °F) in HFO-1234yf vs. R-134a 24 hours after removing fromsealed tubes
R-134aMaterial

WeightChange,%PhysicalChange

Epoxy

0.25

Nylon (Zytel™ 330)
Polyester PET (Bexloy™ 550)

HF0-1234yf
RatingWeightChange,%PhysicalChangeRating

2

1

0.26

2

1

–1.41

2

1

–1.54

2

1

2.81

1

1

2.01

1

1

Polyester

5.58

1

1

4.40

1

1

Polyimide (Vespel™)

0.67

1

1

0.15

1

1

RatingPhysical Change

0 – weight percent change <10 and no physical change

0 – no change

1 – weight percent change >10 or physical change 1 or greater

1 – surface change

2 – weight percent change >10 or physical change 1 or greater

2 – destroyed or dissolved

10Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

Compatibility with Desiccantslubricant to flow with the liquid refrigerant and return to the

In refrigeration systems, keeping the refrigerant andcompressor. Even if the lubricant/refrigerant pair are not
miscible (two liquid phases form) in the evaporator, they

lubricant free of moisture is very important. Dryers filled

may still have some degree of solubility. Solubility ofwith moisture-absorbing desiccant are typically used torefrigerant in lubricant lowers lubricant viscosity, which

prevent moisture accumulation. The required desiccant

helps it flow through the evaporator and return to theamount/type depends on 1) refrigerant solubility andcompressor. This is why many refrigeration systems canreactivity with water, 2) rate of water permeation into a

operate properly, even though the lubricant and refrigerantsystem, and 3) the desired level of system dryness. R-134a

are immiscible (yet partially soluble) at evaporation

systems currently use UOP XH-7™ or UOP XH-9™ typedesiccants with about 40-60 grams of charge.

temperatures. Other factors, such as refrigerant vapor

Opteon™ YF has generally been found to be compatible

return. Overall, it is important to note that lubricant/with current R-134a UOP XH-7™ and UOP XH-9™ driers

refrigerant miscibility is helpful, but not necessarily

used in automotive systems for R-134a. In general,

essential, for proper system operation.

velocity and system geometry, play key roles in lubricant

Opteon™ YF has moisture pick-up similar (a little lower) to

Lubricant selection is based on many factors, including

R-134a. HFO-1234yf was found to be generally lessreactive with desiccant than R-134a.

compressor wear characteristics, material compatibility,

Lubricants

return to the compressor). Opteon™ YF, similar to R-134a,

Lubricant return to the compressor is required to provide

is compatible with PAG and POE lubricants. It should be

and lubricant/refrigerant miscibility (this can affect oil

noted that HFO-1234yf, while having similar material

proper lubrication. One factor that affects oil return is thecompatibility to R-134a with commercially available PAGs,

liquid-phase lubricant/refrigerant miscibility, particularly at

did not have the same level of miscibility. Therefore, PAGs

evaporator temperatures. Miscibility is the ability of two

used with HFO-1234yf should be those PAGs that are

liquids to mix and form a single liquid phase—similar todesigned for use with HFO-1234yf.

water and alcohol. Ideally, the lubricant/refrigerant pair havesufficient miscibility or mutual solubility to allow the
Table 10: Miscibility of Opteon™ YF in Various Lubricants
Lubricant Type
Wt% Refrigerant

POE

PAG 1

PAG 2

Minimum

Maximum

Minimum

Maximum

Minimum

Maximum

10%–65 °C (–85 °F)

80 °C (176 °F)–65 °C (–85 °F)

80 °C (176 °F)–65 °C (–85 °F)

80 °C (176 °F)

25%–65 °C (–85 °F)

80 °C (176 °F)–65 °C (–85 °F)

80 °C (176 °F)–65 °C (–85 °F)

80 °C (176 °F)

50%–65 °C (–85 °F)

80 °C (176 °F)–65 °C (–85 °F)

80 °C (176 °F)

Immiscible

Immiscible

75%–50 °C (–58 °F)

65 °C (149 °F)–45 °C (–49 °F)

25 °C (77 °F)

Immiscible

Immiscible

90%–65 °C (–85 °F)

75 °C (167 °F)–50 °C (–58 °F)

35 °C (95 °F)

Immiscible

Immiscible

SafetyHow can I tell if a refrigerant has thermally decomposed?

Decomposition

The strong odors released from the thermally decomposed
refrigerant will provide early warning and likely result in an

What causes decomposition?

attempt to evacuate the area. The irritating fumes released

Refrigerants will decompose when exposed to highfrom thermal decomposition will likely irritate the nose,

temperatures from flames or electric resistance heaters.

throat, eyes, and skin. Follow all Chemours recommendations

Decomposition may produce toxic and irritating

listed in the extended Safety Data Sheet or Material Safety

compounds, such as hydrogen fluoride, fluorinated

Data Sheet for refrigerant handling to prevent refrigerant

compounds, and/or carbon oxides.

thermal decomposition and other hazards.

11

Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

Are thermal decomposition products hazardous?

Can inhaling Opteon™ YF vapors cause suffocation?

Yes. The acidic vapors produced are dangerous, and the

Any substance can cause suffocation if the chemicalarea should be evacuated immediately and ventilated toconcentration is high enough to displace the oxygen

prevent exposure to personnel. Anyone exposed to theneeded to maintain a healthy breathing atmosphere. If athermal decomposition products should be taken to fresh

large release of refrigerant occurs, vapors can concentrate

air and medical treatment sought immediately. The

near the floor or in low areas, displace available oxygen, andexposure area should not be re-entered until it is deemed

potentially cause suffocation. In the event of a large spill orsafe by the appropriate authorities.

leak, always wear proper respiratory and other personal
protective equipment per Chemours eSDS or MSDS

Inhalation Toxicity

guidelines. Canister-type respiratory masks do not provide

Is Opteon™ YF toxic?

adequate protection when entering an enclosed space withThis refrigerant has an excellent safety profile and can behigh levels of refrigerant vapors. These should be used forescape purposes only. Use self-contained breathingsafely used when handled in accordance with Chemours

apparatus or an air-line respirator when entering confinedrecommendations and exposures are maintained at or
below appropriate occupational exposure limits (OELs).

areas, such as tanks or basement areas, where vapors may

What are OELs?

using appropriate monitoring equipment before entering.

have accumulated. Test all work areas for available oxygenPlace a second employee outside the work area when you

Occupational exposure limits are airborne chemical

enter, and use a lifeline to that employee.

concentrations that are expected to be safe for nearly all
healthy workers who may be exposed over a working

How can I work safely on systems in enclosed areas?

lifetime. Occupational exposure limits are set by several

1. Make sure all relief and purge vent piping is routed

organizations or manufacturers. Some examples of OELs

outdoors and away from all air intakes to the building.

are the Workplace Environment Exposure Limit (WEEL), theThreshold Limit Value (TLV), and the Allowable Exposure

2. Make certain the area is well-ventilated. Use auxiliary

Limit (AEL). The American Industrial Hygiene Association

ventilation such as blowers or fans, if necessary, to

WEEL committee has adopted a WEEL of 500 ppm 8-hr

disperse refrigerant vapors.

time weighted average for HFO-1234yf, which isconsistent with the low toxicity profile for Opteon™ YF.

3. Test the work area for available oxygen before entering
enclosed areas. Do not use a leak monitor to test for

What are common symptoms of overexposure?

oxygen. A refrigerant leak detector will not tell you if

Inhalation abuse and misuse may be associated withadequate oxygen is present to sustain life.

temporary central nervous system depression with
narcosis (sleepiness), lethargy, weakness, dizziness, a

4. Install refrigerant leak detection and oxygen monitoring

feeling of intoxication, incoordination, unconsciousness,

equipment in the work areas. For a discussion of leakand may be fatal.

detection equipment, see Chemours technical bulletin
ARTD-27A. Also, refer to ASHRAE Standard 15, “Safety

What is cardiac sensitization?

Code for Mechanical Ventilation,” for ventilation and air

Cardiac sensitization is a situation where the body has amonitoring requirements for equipment rooms.

heightened sensitivity to adrenaline. Under suchcircumstances, the heart rhythm may be affected with a

What should I do if a large refrigerant leak or spill occurs?

potentially fatal outcome. Cardiac sensitization potential

Do not attempt to enter the area to repair equipment until

has been observed with many hydrocarbons andthe vapors are dispersed OR until you are equipped withfluorocarbons. For example, R-134a has a cardiac

proper breathing apparatus. Evacuate everyone until thesensitization threshold of 75,000 ppm in highly susceptiblearea has been ventilated. Use blowers or fans to circulate

laboratory model systems. However, in these sameair at the floor level and in any basement or low areas.

laboratory model systems, HFO-1234yf did not produce
cardiac sensitization at the highest concentration tested• Appropriate respiratory protection equipment should be(120,000 ppm).

readily available in case of a large release.
12Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant• Personnel should be trained how to use this equipment.

Refrigerants should not be exposed to open flames orelectrical heating elements. High temperatures and flames• Consult the eSDS or MSDS for additional safety andcan cause refrigerants to decompose, releasing toxic anduse information.

irritating fumes. In addition, a torch flame can become
dramatically larger or change color if used in highIs the deliberate inhalation of Opteon™ YF dangerous?

concentrations of many refrigerants, including R-134a, as

Intentional misuse or deliberate inhalation of any

well as many other refrigerants. This flame enhancementhydrocarbon or fluorocarbon refrigerant is potentiallycan cause surprise or even injury. Always recoverdangerous, as they may disrupt heart rhythm and cause

refrigerants, evacuate equipment, and ventilate work areas

death without warning. This practice is extremely dangerous.

properly before using any open flames.

Can I smell Opteon™ YF?

Based on the above information, the following operating

Most refrigerants have such a faint odor that they can bepractices are recommended.

difficult to detect, even at dangerous levels. Do not use
smell as a test for safe levels of refrigerants in a work area.

• Do Not Mix with Air for Leak Testing

Frequent leak checks and air monitoring are the only

– Equipment should never be leak tested with aadequate ways to determine that areas are safe for entry

pressurized mixture of Opteon™ YF and air.

and work.

Pressurized mixtures of dry nitrogen and Opteon™ YF
can be used for leak testing.

Skin and Eye Contact
Is skin or eye contact with Opteon™ YF hazardous?

• Bulk Delivery and Storage

At room temperature, refrigerant vapors have little effect– Opteon™ YF is flammable and needs to be consideredon skin or eyes.

in the design and maintenance of bulk delivery andstorage facilities. Before designing any systems, read

Always wear protective clothing, including long-sleeve

all Chemours safety information, and follow all local/

clothing and gloves, when there is a risk of exposure to

regional regulations that may apply to bulk delivery andliquid refrigerants. Protection should include goggles andstorage facilities, including all site safety requirements.

face shield to protect the eyes. If liquid refrigerant enters
your eyes, flush them with plenty of water and then seek

– Tanks should normally be evacuated prior to initial

medical attention immediately.

filling and should never be filled while under positive
air pressure.

Is frostbite a possible hazard?

– Tank pressure should never be allowed to exceed the

In liquid form, this refrigerant can freeze skin or eyes on

maximum allowable working pressure when filling withcontact, causing frostbite. If you are splashed with liquid,

Opteon™ YF. Relief devices on either the tanks or theimmediately remove all clothing that contains refrigerant to

supply system should be present and in goodprevent additional freezing. Soak the exposed area inoperating condition.

lukewarm water, not cold or hot. Do not use dressings or– Tank pressures should be monitored routinely.

ointments. Then seek medical attention immediately.

– Air lines should never be connected to storage tanks.

Flammability
As mentioned previously, Opteon™ YF has been assigned a• Filling and Charging Operations

safety classification of A2L, mildly flammable, based on– Before evacuating cylinders or refrigeration

flammability tests conducted according to ASHRAE

equipment, any remaining refrigerant should beStandard 34 and ISO 817 guidelines. This refrigerant can beremoved by a recovery system.

used safely following industry and Chemours recommended
guidelines. Before working with this refrigerant, read all– Vacuum pump discharge lines should be free ofsafety data information and Chemours handling guidelines.

restrictions that could increase discharge pressuresand result in the formation of combustible mixtures.

13

Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant– Cylinders or refrigeration equipment should be

Nonselective Detectors

evacuated at the start of filling and should never beNonselective detectors are those that will detect any typefilled while under positive air pressure.

of emission or vapor present, regardless of its chemicalcomposition. These detectors are typically quite simple to– Filled cylinders should periodically be analyzed for airuse, very durable, inexpensive, and usually portable.

(non-absorbable gas [NAG]).

However, their inability to be calibrated, long-term drift,lack of selectivity, and lack of sensitivity limit their use for• Refrigerant Recovery Systems. Efficient recovery ofarea monitoring.

refrigerant from equipment or containers requires
evacuation at the end of the recovery cycle. Be sure to

Halogen-Selective Detectors

use equipment that meets the flammability

Halogen-selective detectors use a specialized sensor that

requirements of HFO-1234yf. Suction lines to aallows the monitor to detect compounds containing

recovery compressor should be periodically checked for

fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, without interference

leaks to prevent compressing air into the recovery

from other species. The major advantage of such acylinder during evacuation. In addition, the recovery

detector is a reduction in the number of “nuisance alarms”—

cylinder pressure should be monitored and evacuation

false alarms caused by the presence of some compound in

stopped in the event of a rapid pressure rise indicating

the area other than the target compound.

the presence of air. The recovery cylinder contents
should then be analyzed for NAG, and the recovery

These detectors are typically easy to use, feature higher

system leak checked if air is present. Do not continue tosensitivity than the nonselective detectors (detection limits

evacuate a refrigeration system that has a major leak.

are typically <5 ppm when used as an area monitor and<0.05 oz/yr when used as a leak pin-pointer), and are very

Air Monitors and Leak Detection

durable. In addition, due to the partial specificity of theService personnel have used leak detection equipment for

detector, these instruments can be calibrated easily.

years when servicing equipment. Leak detectors exist not
only for pinpointing specific leaks, but also for monitoring an

Compound-Specific Detectors

entire room on a continual basis for the absence of oxygen or

The most complex detectors, which are also the mostpresence of refrigerant. There are several reasons for leakexpensive, are compound-specific detectors. These units

pinpointing or area monitoring, including conservation of

are typically capable of detecting the presence of a single

refrigerants, protection of valuable equipment, reduction of

species, without interference from other compounds.

fugitive emissions, and protection of employees.

Fluorescent Additives (UV Dyes)

Prior to the purchase of a detector or monitor, make sure

Fluorescent additives have been used in refrigeration

you consider your requirements or criteria for the monitor,

systems for several years. These additives, invisible undersuch as sensitivity, detection limits, selectivity, productordinary lighting, but visible under ultraviolet (UV) light, areflammability, and/or flammability limits in air. Air monitors

used to pinpoint leaks in systems. The additives are

and leak detectors should be labeled as appropriate for use

typically placed into the refrigeration lubricant when thewith HFO-1234yf. UV dyes should meet SAE J 2297, andsystem is serviced. Leaks are detected by using a UV lightelectronic leak detectors should meet SAE J2913 and/or

to search for additive that has escaped from the system.

VDA requirements.

The color of the additive when subjected to UV light isnormally a bright green or yellow and is easily seen.

Types of Detectors
Using selectivity as a criteria, leak detectors can be placed

As a leak pin-pointer, fluorescent additives work very well,into one of three categories: nonselective, halogen-because large areas can be rapidly checked by a single

selective, or compound-specific. In general, as theindividual. And, the use of high quality battery-powered UV

specificity of the monitor increases, so does the complexity

lights has made this task even simpler. Leak rates of lessand cost. Other methods used to find leaks are to add

than 0.25 oz/yr can be found with the additives. The only

fluorescent additives to the system or coat the suspectdrawback to the use of additives is that some areas may bearea with a soapy water solution, and look for soap bubbles.

visually unobservable, due to cramped spaces.

14

Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

One cautionary note concerning the use of fluorescent• Keep cylinders at temperature not exceeding 52 °C

additives: the compatibility of the specific additive with the(126 °F).

lubricant and refrigerant should be tested prior to use. For• Do not roll large cylinders. Use a hand cart or dolly to move.

detailed information about which lubricants andrefrigerants have been tested with which additives, contact• Do not store cylinders with or near incendiary items.

the fluorescent additive manufacturers.

• Do not pierce or burn the cylinder, except when following
Dispose-A-Can™ (DAC™) cylinder disposal procedures.

Shipping, Storage, and Handling• Never refill disposable cylinders with anything. The

Shipping Information (Cylinders, Half-Ton, Ton, andshipment of refilled disposable cylinders is prohibited by

ISO Containers)

EU and U.S. regulations.

For information on shipping containers in your specificregion, contact your local Chemours refrigerant distributor• Never refill returnable cylinders without Chemours consent.

or technical service representative. As mentioned• If cylinders must be stored outside, store under a roof topreviously, Opteon™ YF is subject to a Significant New Use

protect from weather extremes.

Rule (SNUR) and in the United States should be used only

• If a large number of cylinders must be stored in an

in applications listed in the Opteon™ YF Safety Data Sheet(MSDS or eSDS) regulatory section.

unoccupied space, potentially exceeding the lower

ADR

catastrophic leak, be sure to check with local regulations,flammability limit (LFL) per room volume in the event ofcountry codes, and fire officals for additional guidance.

Class

2

Classification Code2F

HI Number23

UN Number

3161

Labeling Number

2.1

classified by ASHRAE standard 34 and ISO 817.

Proper Shipping Name

Liquefied gas, flammable, n.o.s.
(2,3,3,3,-Tetrafluoropropene)

region, it is always best practice to limit the amount ofTunnel Restriction Code

B/D

Aftermarket Cylinder Use and Storage
HFO-1234yf is a mildly flammable refrigerant gas as
Therefore, while local codes may differ from region to
flammable product in the aftermarket air conditioning
service shop.

IATA
Class

2.1

UN Number

3161

Proper Shipping Name

Liquefied gas, flammable, n.o.s.
(2,3,3,3,-Tetrafluoropropene)

Opteon™ YF aftermarket cylinder size will be 4.5 kg or 10 lb.
Typical air conditioning service shop bays are at least 28 m2
or 300 ft2, roughly a little larger than the size of a large car.
Therefore, even in the event of a leak from one cylinder in agarage bay, the LFL will not be exceeded.

DOT
UN Number

3161

Proper Shipping Name

Liquefied gas, flammable, n.o.s.
(2,3,3,3,-Tetrafluoropropene)

Class

2.1

Labeling Number

2.1

Bulk Storage Systems
Chemours can supply storage systems to its Opteon™ YF
customers. The type of systems can vary from region toregion and from customer site to customer site. Somesystems are prefabricated, tested, and ready to installon-site. The units are designed to optimize economy,
efficiency, and safety in the storage and dispensing of

Cylinders Storage and Handlingthese refrigerants. The delivered systems include all

Depending upon the region, Chemours offers a wide variety

components, such as storage tanks, pumps, piping, valves,of returnable cylinders from 45 kg (6 L) to 100 kg (108 L).

motors, and gauges, as an integrated unit. All systems are

In some regions, and depending upon local regulations,equipped with the Chemours Fluorochemical Emission

Chemours is also able to offer disposable cylinders. Details

Elimination Delivery (FEED) or alternative system toon available cylinders can be obtained from your local

prevent emissions during deliveries and with dual pumps to

Chemours representative.
15

Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

provide an installed spare. The units are skid-mounted, andBulk Tank and Line Preparation

require only placement on a concrete pad and connection

Do’s

to electrical and process systems.

• Do ensure that the bulk tank and lines are clean before
starting the commissioning process. If these are notYour Chemours Marketing Representative can arrange forclean or suspected of being fouled with welding flux, oil,guidance on site selection, purchase, installation, startup,or debris, clean the contaminated surfaces with mildand maintenance.

detergent or even clean warm water.
• Do ensure that the bulk tank and lines are dry. Purge the

Bulk Storage Preparation

bulk tank and lines with dry nitrogen (99.99% purity),

Bulk Storage Tank

which has a maximum moisture specification of 10 ppm.

Bulk storage tanks will need to meet required regulatorycodes and standards. Conversion from an existing• Do ensure that the bulk tank and lines are evacuated to

HFC-134a bulk storage tank to HFO-1234yf can requireat least 28.5 in Hg vacuum prior to filling withsignificant planning to meet the requirements needed forrefrigerant. This step should take only 1–2 days, but canflammable material storage. Depending on the history oftake longer depending on volume to be evacuated.

the bulk storage container shell, there will be a need toensure there is no degradation of the interior shell

Don’tssurfaces (no pitting, gouges, etc.). The same issue will

• Don’t use strong cleaning agents to clean the bulk tank,apply to the exterior of the bulk storage container. New orlines, or filling equipment. While Opteon™ YF has good

refurbished bulk tanks will need to be checked formaterial compatibility and stability, it is not compatible

possible manufacturing residue particle debris, including

with strong oxidizers—such as those found in peroxide-

cleaning agents or solutions, that could negatively impact

type cleaning agents.

product quality.

• Don’t let extraneous chemicals, such as thread locking
agents or sealants, get into the system and possibly lead

Piping and Lines

to contamination and incompatibilities. There are at

Pipe lines that convey HFO-1234yf will have to beleast several hundred different thread locking agents,

compliant for flammable gas. In general, carbon steel orand while one from a particular family may be compatible

stainless steel lines that are used for HFC-134a can bewith Opteon™ YF, that does not ensure that all products

re-used for HFO-1234yf, but need to be checked forare compatible.

additional flammable gas requirements. Changing the lines
from HFC-134a to HFO-1234yf will also require that new• Don’t let excess air or moisture get into the system. As

O-rings and seals are used. The general rule is that oncewith all refrigerants, excessive amounts of air andthe line is broken, the seals/O-rings lose integrity and canmoisture can lead to improper vehicle filling and poor

be a potential leak point. Therefore, complete replacement

A/C system performance.

of seals, gaskets and O-rings is common.

Converting Bulk Storage Tanks from R-134a to Opteon™ YF

There has been a tendency to overlook the small points in

Before switching from R-134a to Opteon™ YF refrigerant,

refrigerant line installations. One common point that can

the existing storage equipment must be checked to verify

have major impact on future refrigerant quality is linethat it is adequate and can be converted for use withcleanliness. While lines are new, there could be residual

HFO-1234yf. Storage tanks built to the specifications ofparticles from the welding process and otherthe Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 97/23/EC of the

manufacturing processes that can negatively impact

EU or the American Society of Mechanical Engineers

product quality. Therefore, it is imperative that proper(ASME) Pressure Vessel Code are required to have a metal

cleaning procedures are used.

nameplate indicating each tank’s maximum allowable
working pressure (MAWP). The rating must be 186 psig
(1375 kPa abs) or higher for Opteon™ YF service. The set
pressure and capacity of the relief devices on the top of thetanks must also be verified and changed, if necessary.

16Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

Due to the flammability of Opteon™ YF, it is recommended• The choice of an appropriate glove does not depend onlythat an on-site visit be conducted by appropriate personnel

on its material, but also on other quality features, and isto verify potential for tank conversion and necessary steps

different from one producer to the other. Please review

for this process. Your Chemours Marketing Representative

the instructions regarding permeability andcan arrange for guidance on site selection, purchase,breakthrough time that are provided by the glove

installation, startup, and maintenance.

supplier. Also take into consideration the specific local
conditions under which the product is used, such as theMaterial Compatibility Concerns

danger of cuts, abrasion, and potential contact time.

Most metal components suitable for use with R-134a are• Avoid skin contact with liquid refrigerant, as it may

also compatible with Opteon™ YF, including standard types

cause frostbite.

of carbon steel, aluminum, and copper. Some elastomeric• Never heat a container to a temperature higher thanor non-metallic components suitable for R-134a may not

52 °C (125 °F).

be adequate. However, manufacturing of materials varies
regionally across manufacturers. Therefore, all elastomeric• Never apply direct flame or live steam to a container oror nonmetallic components throughout the system must be

valve.

identified and their compatibility with Opteon™ YF verified.

• Never use a lifting magnet or sling (rope or chain) when

See Material Compatibility section for starting point

handling containers. A crane may be used when a safe

guidelines. For complete reliability, any component that

cradle or platform is used to hold the container.

cannot be properly identified should be replaced.

• Never use container for rollers, supports, or any purpose

In a fluorocarbon storage system, elastomers are mostother than to store refrigerants.

commonly found in:• Never tamper with the safety devices in the valves orcontainers.

• Packing and seats of manual valves• Pressure-relief device seats• Never attempt to repair or alter containers or valves.

• Flange and manway gaskets• Never force connections that do not fit. Make sure thethreads on the regulators or other auxiliary equipment• Mechanical pump seals

are the same as those on the container valve outlet.

• Wet-end pump gaskets and O-rings• Keep valves tightly closed, and valve caps and hoods inplace, when containers are not in use.

• Filter O-rings• Protect containers from any object that will result in• Sight-flow indicator gaskets

cuts or other abrasion in the surface of the metal.

• Back-pressure regulator diaphragms and O-rings• Use a vapor recovery system to collect refrigerant

Handling Precautions for Opteon™ YF Shipping
Containers

vapors from lines after unloading a container.

The following rules for handling these refrigerants

Recovery, Reclamation, Recycle, and Disposal

containers are strongly recommended:

RecoveryRecovery refers to the removal of Opteon™ YF from• Use personal protective equipment, such as safety

equipment and collection in an appropriate external

glasses with side shields, gloves, and safety shoes, whencontainer. As defined by the U.S. Air Conditioning, Heating,handling containers. Eye protection should comply withand Refrigeration Institute (AHRI), a recovery does not

EN 166 or ANSI Z87.1. Additionally, wear a face shield

involve processing or analytical testing. These refrigerants

when the possibility exists for face contact due tomay be recovered from refrigeration equipment usingsplashing, spraying, or airborne contact with thispermanent on-site equipment or from mobile air-material. Protective gloves should comply with EN 374

conditioning systems using portable recovery recycle

or U.S. OSHA guidelines.

recharge (R/R/R) machines. The portable R/R/R machines

17

Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

contain a small compressor and an air-cooled condenser, andReclamation offers advantages over on-site refrigerant

may be used for vapor or liquid recovery. At the end of therecycling procedures, because these systems cannot

recovery cycle, the system is evacuated to remove vapors.

guarantee complete removal of contaminants. Putting
refrigerants that do not meet new product specifications

Standards for recovery equipment are readily available.

back into expensive equipment may cause damage to the

Please check the appropriate regional regulations. Before

automotive system and/or contaminate virgin refrigerant.

purchasing a specific recovery unit, check with the
manufacturer to be sure that it can be used to recover

RecycleHFO-1234yf refrigerant.

Refrigerant recycle refers to the reduction of usedrefrigerant contaminants using devices that reduce oil,

NOTE: Due to mild flammability of Opteon™ YF compared towater, acidity, and particulates. Recycle is usually a field or

R-134a, equipment should be designed to handle HFO-

shop procedure with no analytical testing of refrigerant.

1234yf. It is not adequate to use existing R-134a R/R/R or

Before using one of these devices with Opteon™ YF, consult

recovery-only equipment with HFO-1234yf. Equipment

the manufacturer to confirm compatibility.

used should meet all regulatory and industry standards.
While there may be other standards, some known

Disposal

appropriate R/R/R standards or recovery-only standards are

Disposal refers to the destruction of used Opteon™ YF.

SAE J2843, SAE J2851, and/or the VDA standards.

Disposal may be necessary when the refrigerant has
become badly contaminated with other products and no

Reclamation

longer meets the acceptance specifications of Chemours or

Reclamation refers to the reprocessing of used Opteon™ YF

other reclaimers. Licensed waste disposal firms are available

to new product specifications. Quality of reclaimed productfor this purpose. Be sure to check the qualifications of any

is verified by chemical analysis. In the United States,

firm before sending them used Opteon™ YF.

HFO-1234yf refrigerant is included in the Chemours
refrigerant reclamation program. Contact Chemours or oneof its refrigerant distributors for further information.

18

Opteon™ YF

Automotive Refrigerant

For more information on the Opteon™ family of refrigerants, or other refrigerants products, visit opteon.com or call (800) 235-7882.
The information set forth herein is furnished free of charge and based on technical data that Chemours believes to be reliable. It is intended for use by persons having technical skill, attheir own risk. Because conditions of use are outside our control, Chemours makes no warranties, expressed or implied, and assumes no liability in connection with any use of thisinformation. Nothing herein is to be taken as a license to operate under, or a recommendation to infringe, any patents or patent applications.
© 2018 The Chemours Company FC, LLC. Opteon™ and any associated logos are trademarks or copyrights of The Chemours Company FC, LLC. Chemours™ and the Chemours Logo aretrademarks of The Chemours Company.
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