THE 23RD
INTERNATIONALCONFERENCE
on theSCIENCE &APPLICATIONSOF NANOTUBES

and Low-Dimensional Materials

4-9 JUNE 2023
Arcachon near Bordeaux, France

ABSTRACT BOOK

WELCOME
We are thrilled to welcome you in the charming seaside resort of Arcachonnear Bordeaux and its unique environment, the Arcachon bay. We areconfident that you will enjoy the venue and the local cuisine, and we havemade every effort to ensure a productive and enjoyable experience at NT'23.
You are an integral part of the adventure and we are counting on you todeliver your best speeches and show world-class results on your posters,
both during the plenary sessions and the seven symposia. As was the case at
NT’19 and NT’22, symposia are embedded in the main conference program,with plenary sessions taking place in the mornings whereas afternoons will
be dedicated to parallel symposia. Three long time slots of 3 hours have been
reserved for poster sessions with food and drinks to ensure attendance andpromote lively and fruitful discussions. While the schedule is full of exciting
and informative events, we have also provided some free time for coffee
breaks and lunches, allowing you to have informal talks with these far away
colleagues and friends that you greet at NT. We apologize in advance that
we cannot push the walls for more space. Nonetheless, we believe that the
Arcachon Congress Center is a delightful venue and the perfect location for
NT'23.
We hope you will very much enjoy NT’23. This should be the best reward forthe efforts we have put into preparing it.
The organizers
Étienne Gaufrès
Alain Pénicaud
Laurent Cognet
Philippe Poulin

LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
Etienne Gaufrès
Alain Pénicaud
Philippe Poulin
Laurent Cognet~ STUDENTS & STAFF
Béatrice Dupin
Quentin Grésil
Jean-Baptiste Marceau
Somen Nandi
Luna Boulbet
Benjamin Lambert
Limeng Ruan
Hadrien Kerkhof
Wilfrid Néri
David Tilve Martinez

STEERING COMMITTEE~ CHAIRS

Annick Loiseau, ONERA – CNRS, France
Shigeo Maruyama, University of Tokyo, Japan~ PARALLEL SYMPOSIA CHAIRS

Tobias Hertel, University of Würzburg, Germany
Yoshiyuki Miyamoto, AIST, Japan~ MEMBERS

Tobias Hertel, University of Würzburg, Germany
Ado Jorio, University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Esko Kauppinen, University of Aalto, Finland
Yan Li, Peking University, Peking, China
Ming Zheng, NIST, USA
Masako Yudasaka, AIST, Japan
Jing Kong, MIT, USA~ HONORARY MEMBERDavid Tomanek, Univ. Michigan, USA

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

ADVISORY BOARD
Jong-Hyun Ahn, Yonsei University, South Korea
Jeffrey L. Blackburn, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA
Adam Boies, University of Cambridge, UK
Sofie Cambré, University of Antwerp, Belgium
Laurent Cognet, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, France
Feng Ding, National Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea
Benjamin S. Flavel, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
Etienne Gaufres, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, France
Sarah Haigh, University of Manchester, UK
Daniel A. Heller, Sloan Kettering Institute, USA
Tobias Hertel, University of Wuerzburg, Germany
Kaili Jiang, Tsinghua University, China
Hiromichi Kataura, AIST, JapanKi Kang Kim, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea
Qingwen Li, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, CAS, China
Yan Li, Peking University, China
Chang Liu, Institute of Metal Research CAS, China
Janina Maultzsch, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
Albert Nasibulin, Skoltech, Russia
Suguru Noda, Waseda University, Japan
Riichiro Saito, Tohoku University, Japan
Lara Kühl Teles, Aeronautics Institute of Technology, Brazil
Yuhuang Wang, University of Maryland, USA
Jana Zaumseil, University of Heidelberg, GermanyNT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

SYMPOSIA ORGANISATION~ PARALLEL SYMPOSIA CHAIRS

Tobias Hertel, Univ. Würzburg, Germany
Yoshiyuki Miyamoto, AIST, Japan~ BIO

13th Symposium on Carbon Nanomaterials, Biology, Medicine and Toxicology
Chair
Co-Chairs

Dr Dan Heller, Sloan Kettering Institute, USA
Dr Laurent Cognet, CNRS – University of Bordeaux, France
Prof. Makita Landry, Berkeley University, USA~ COMPUTATION AND THEORY

15th Symposium on Computational Challenges in Nanotubes, 2D Materials, andTheir Macroscopic Assemblies
Chair
Co-Chairs

Prof. Christophe Bichara, CNRS, France
Prof. Feng Ding, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology& IBS, South Korea
Prof. Jean-Christophe Charlier, Université catholique de Louvain in
Belgium~ ELECTRONICS

Symposium on structure, properties, applications – Electronics and Metrology
Chair
Co-Chairs

Prof. Lian Mao Peng, Peking University, China
Dr Laëtitia Marty, CNRS, University of Grenoble, France
Prof. Yutaka Ohno, Nagoya University, Japan
Prof. Michael Arnold, University of Wisconsin-Madison, US~ ENERGY

5th Symposium on Materials for Energy and Sustainability
Chair
Co-Chairs

Prof. Huiming Cheng, IMR/Tsinghua University, China
Prof. Philippe Poncharal, University of Lyon, France
Prof. Yury Gogotsi, Drexel University, US

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

SYMPOSIA ORGANISATION~ SYNTHESIS

4th Symposium on Synthesis, Purification, Functionalization, andManufacturing of Carbon Nanotubes and Low-Dimensional Materials
Chair
Co-Chairs

Prof. Yan Li, Peking University, China
Prof. Catherine Journet, University of Lyon, France
Prof. Ming Zheng, NIST, USA~ MACROMATERIALS

Symposium on thin films, fibers, 3D materials and their properties
Chair
Co-Chairs

Prof. Esko Kauppinen, Aalto University, Finland
Prof. Adam Boies, Trinity College and University of Cambridge, UK
Prof. Suguru Noda, Waseda University, JapanDr Philippe Poulin, CNRS – University of Bordeaux, France~ FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES

Symposium on fundamental, structural and optical properties of 1D and 2D
materials and their heterostructures
Chair
Co-Chairs

Prof. Alexey Chernikov, Univerdity of Dresden, Germany
Dr Nicolas Izard, CNRS – University of Montpellier, France
Prof. Christophe Voisin, ENS Paris, France

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

THANKS TO OUR SPONSORSWITec GmbH

Société Francophone
d'Etude des Carbones (SFEC)

AppliedNanoFluorescence

Carbon Waters

First Light Imaging

CANOE

OXXIUSRENISHAW sas

Photon etc~ WITH SUPPORT FROM

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

speed

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Correlative Raman-SEM (RISE) image of graphene.

3D Raman Imaging

Turn ideas into discoveries
Let your discoveries lead the scientific future. WITec’s
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Raman • AFM • SNOM • RISE
MADE IN GERMANY

www.witec.de

SOCIÉTÉ FRANCOPHONE D’ETUDE DES CARBONESFrancophone Carbon Association
Created in 1961
Canad
a

News
of the Day

USA

Guadeloupe

Goals

Actions• Increasing knowledge about carbon
materials of any kind: natural andsynthetic, graphene- and diamondbased, from nano to macro• Promoting interactions between
academic research and industrial R&D• Educating and training young scientists(Master and PhD students, postdocs)
with oral and poster presentations andnetworking• Annual congress

Management• International events• Support to international Conferences,
Workshops, and Schools• Young Scientist Award (annual)• Best PhD Student talk Award(sponsored by Micromeritics)• Interactions with other national Carbon
Societies within the European Carbon
Association• Interactions with other continental
Carbon Groups (ACS, AACG, LACF)*

Board (2019-2025)
Chair: Nathalie Job (Univ. Liège, BE)
Vice-Chair: Michel Cataldi (ArianeGroup, FR)
Secretary: Alain Pénicaud (Univ. Bordeaux, FR)
Treasurer: Laurent Duclaux (Univ. Savoie, FR)
Webmaster: Colin Bousige (Univ. Lyon, FR)
Scientific Council (G30)
34 members

Every scientist able tounderstand French welcome
To inquire about membership, ask the
SFEC representative present at this event,or write toalain.penicaud@crpp.cnrs.fr*American Carbon Association, Association of Asian Carbon Groups, Latin American Carbon Federation

is a member of the European Carbon Association

TABLE OF CONTENT

1~ WIFI AT PALAIS DES CONGRÈS

2~ WHERE AND WHEN TO GO

3~ FIND YOUR WAY IN THE PALAIS DES CONGRÈS

8~ PROGRAM AT A GLANCE

10 ~ SYMPOSIA PROGRAM
14 ~ WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON EXCURSIONS
15 ~ WEDNESDAY NIGHT
16 ~ MAP OF ARCACHON
18 ~ ABSTRACTS
360 ~ INDEX OF AUTHORS
372 ~ LIST OF ABSTRACTSWIFI AT PALAIS DES CONGRÈS

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

1

Auditorium

Salle Dune du Pilat
Salle Ville d’HiverSalon VIP
Auditorium
Salle Dune du Pilat
Salle du MoulleauSun
Sun
Mo - Fri
Mo, Tu, Th
Mo, TuTu, ThMo, ThMo
Th
Mo, Tu, Th
TuTh
Mo, TuTutorials

WelcomePlenary Sessions

Poster sessions& Exhibition Sponsor

Symposium Bio

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

Symposium Computation & Theory

Symposium Electronics

Symposium Energy

Symposium Fundamental

Symposium Macromaterials

Symposium Synthesis

Salle du Moulleau

Salle Ville d’HiverSalon VIP

Espace DeganneSalle des Ambassadeurs

Auditorium

Salle des Ambassadeurs

LOCATION

EVENT

Level 2

Level 3
Level 2

Level 1, 2

Level 3
Level 3

Level 3

Level 3

Level 3

Level 0Level 1

Level 1, 2

Level 1

Level 1, 2

WHERE AND WHEN TO GO

2

FIND YOUR WAY IN THE PALAIS DES CONGRÈS

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

3

FIND YOUR WAY IN THE PALAIS DES CONGRÈS

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

4

FIND YOUR WAY IN THE PALAIS DES CONGRÈS

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

5

FIND YOUR WAY IN THE PALAIS DES CONGRÈS

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

6

Expertise
Carbon Waters produces graphene-based performance additives, opening
up multiple possibilities for all types of polymers.

Reinforcement

Waterproofing
and sealing

Optimization ofheat dissipation

Dissipation ofelectric charges

SolutionsWith its Graph'Up range, Carbon Waters offers you industrializable solutions toimprove your products, in multiple sectors.

Design office

Technical
specifications
14 av. Pey Berland
33600 PESSAC, FRANCE

R&D andoptimization

Transfer& scale-up
contact@carbon-waters.com
www.carbon-waters.com

PROGRAM AT A GLANCE

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

8

PROGRAM AT A GLANCE

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

9

~ MONDAY, 5

SYMPOSIA PROGRAM

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

10

~ TUESDAY, 6

SYMPOSIA PROGRAM

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

11

~ THURSDAY, 8

SYMPOSIA PROGRAM

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

12

C-RED 2

Single carbon nanotubes
NIR-II fluorescence imaging

CAMERAS FORSCIENCE AND
INDUSTRYHigh speed
High sensitivity
Low dark
Short Wave Infrared

Making the invisible visible
www.first-light-imaging.com

WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON EXCURSIONS~ GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONTake a raincoat, light walking shoes, sunglasses, sunscreen, hat, water bottle.

~ PILAT SAND DUNE
14h15: Departure by bus from the entrance of
the Casino, behind the Palais des Congrès~ BOAT TOUR14h00: Departure by walk from the entrance of
the Palais des Congrès~ OYSTERS FARM
14h15: Departure by bus from the entrance of
the Palais des Congrès

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

14

WEDNESDAY NIGHT~ CONFERENCE BANQUET

Degustation of local French food in the old market place of Arcachon.
At 8 mins by walk from the Palais des Congrès.
Where: Arcachon Market (see map)
Pl. des Marquises, 33120 Arcachon
When: Wednesday at 19h00

Beach

Beach

MarketPlace

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

15

MAP OF ARCACHON

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

16

NS Super

Excitation-emission scans of SWCNT suspensions in 1 minute
The NS Super is the latest addition to the innovative line of NanoSpectralyzer systems. It
provides rapid excitation-emission scans with continuously tunable visible excitation andsensitive near-infrared detection.
Tunable supercontinuum excitation from 450 to 850 nm·

NIR emission detection from 900 to 1600 nm·

Visible and NIR absorption from 410 to 1600 nm·

NIR fluorescence trace detection and kinetic studies with built-in high power 660 nm laser·

Raman spectra with 660 nm excitation (option)·User-friendly software for quick, fully automated measurements

Intensity (arb. units)

Excitation Wavelength (nm)·Raman Shift (cm-1)

Emission Wavelength (nm)info@appliednano.com+1-713-521-1450

www.appliednano.com

ABSTRACTS

Probing the nano-world with Raman imaging

1 µm

Raman image of graphene flake,
revealing growth defects

Understanding the structure of the smallest samples
Non-destructive. High resolution.

www.renishaw.com/raman
Sample fabricated at the Centre for Graphene Science, University of Exeter, UK.

AD161-01-A.indd 1

AD161-01-A

11/06/2014 08:53:46

T1
DEVELOPMENT OF OPTICAL NANOTUBE SENSORS BY
ENGINEERING BIOLOGICAL WRAPPINGS
A. A. Boghossian 1*
1

Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)*email: ardemis.boghossian@epfl.ch

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) emit near-infrared fluorescence that is ideal for
optical sensing applications. These fluorescence emissions can optically penetrate biological andsynthetic materials that are otherwise opaque to visible light. This penetrability is ideal for deeptissue and opaque packaging applications. The SWCNT fluorescence is also indefinitely
photostable, enabling long-term and continuous optical measurements. Importantly, theseemissions respond to changes in the SWCNT environment. This sensitivity serves as a promisingbasis for the optical detection of analytes. However, in the absence of appropriate
functionalization, SWCNTs can interact and respond non-selectively to off-target analytes andundesired changes in the environment. Current endeavors therefore focus on controlling these
fluorescence responses through SWCNT surface functionalization.
In this tutorial, we will discuss the state-of-the-art approaches for engineering SWCNT
fluorescence through surface functionalization. The tutorial will focus on recent advancements in
DNA and protein-based strategies. It will review advances in the experimental and computational
fronts and conclude with an outlook on emerging efforts in this growing field.

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

20

T2
ATOMIC-SCALE MODELLING OF CARBON NANOTUBES FOR
EXPERIMENTALISTS
C. Ewels *NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

21

T3
INTERCALATION-BASED EXFOLIATION OF LAYERED MATERIALS
D. Voiry 1*
1

Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM, CNRS UMR5635, UM, ENSCM), Montpellier (France)*email: damien.voiry@umontpellier.fr

2D materials have gained widespread attention in optoelectronics and energy storage, but
their potential applications extend far beyond those fields1. Due to their unique properties andversatile composition, 2D materials are increasingly being explored for environmental
applications. In particular, their two-dimensional aspect and atomic thickness make them wellsuited for developing innovative technologies. The use of exfoliated 2D materials relies
essentially on the preparation of individual nanosheets with controlled thickness and defectdensity.
In this context, the intercalation-based exfoliation of layered materials is a broadly applicablestrategy for the scalable production of atomically thin (from mono- to few-layer) sheets,
including graphene, black phosphorus, hexagonal boron nitride and transition metal
dichalcogenides1. This strategy typically involves the intercalation of foreign species (ions or
small molecules) into the interlayer spaces of layered materials, followed by a mild exfoliation
process (spontaneously or via bath sonication, stirring or manual shaking). In this tutorial, I will
review several intercalation-based exfoliation methods and highlight the factors that influence thequality of exfoliated nanosheets. I will also introduce the phase-transition phenomena involved inintercalation-based exfoliation, which may induce the resultant nanosheets to differ electronicallyand structurally from their bulk counterparts.

References[1] Bhimanapati, R. et al. Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional Materials beyond Graphene, ACS Nano, 9, 12,11509–11539[2] Yang, R. et al. Synthesis of atomically thin sheets by the intercalation-based exfoliation of layered materials.
Nature Synthesis, 2, 101–118 (2023)

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

22

K1
DNA-GUIDED FUNCTIONALIZATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES
M. Zheng 1*
1

National Institute of Standards and Technology - Gaithersburg (United States)*email: ming.zheng@nist.gov

Controlling carbon nanotube structure, functionalization, and placement at atomic precision isa fundamental challenge. DNA-guided manipulation of carbon nanotubes may offer a path toovercome the challenge. In this talk, I will first report current status of DNA-based carbon
nanotube sorting. I will then present our work on DNA-controlled functionalization of singlechirality carbon nanotubes, using the photochemical Guanine oxidation reaction first reported by
the Weisman group (ACS Nano, 2019, 13, 8222). By employing resonance Raman andfluorescence spectroscopy, we are able to reveal strong sequence-dependent modification ofcarbon nanotubes. We have also used cryo-EM to characterize the reaction product. By DNA
screening we identify a sequence C3GC7GC3 whose reaction with an (8,3) enantiomer yields
minimum disorder-induced Raman mode intensities and photoluminescence Stokes shift,suggesting ordered defect array formation. Single-particle cryo-EM shows that the C3GC7GC3
functionalized (8,3) has an ordered helical structure with a 6.5Å periodicity. Reaction mechanism
analysis suggests that the helical periodicity arises from an array of G-modified carbon-carbon
bonds separated by a fixed distance along an armchair helical line. Our findings may be used toremodel nanotube lattices for novel electronic properties.

References
Lin et al. “DNA-guided lattice remodeling of carbon nanotubes” Science 2022, v.377, pp.535-539

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

23

K2
RECENT PROGRESSES IN VAN DER WAALS LAYERED MAGNETICSEMICONDUCTORS
Y.H. Lee 1*
1

IBS Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University - Suwon(Korea, Republic of)*email: leeyoung@skku.edu

Ferromagneticsm in van der Waals two-dimensional (2D) materials has been reported
recently. Intrinsic CrI3 and CrGeTe3 semiconductors reveal ferromagnetism but the Tc is still
low below 60K. In contrast, monolayer VSe2 is ferromagnetic metal with Tc above room
temperature but incapable of controlling its carrier density. Moreover, the long-range
ferromagnetic order in doped diluted chalcogenide semiconductors has not been demonstrated atroom temperature. The key research target is to realize the long-range order ferromagnetism, Tc
over room temperature, and semiconductor with gate tunability. In this talk, we introduce
magnetic dopant, for example, vanadium in semiconducting WSe2 and manifest Tc at room
temperature and gate tunability at low doping concentration. We further explore different doping
concentrations including highly degenerate regime and demonstrate unconventional magnetic
order by random telegraph spin noises via interlayer coupling and strange metal.

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

24

K3
MID-IR OPTICAL EFFECTS IN GRAPHENE AND NANOTUBES WITH
CHEMICAL GRAFTS AND DOPING
R. Martel 1*
1

Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7 (Canada)*email: r.martel@umontreal.ca

Surface plasmons are electromagnetic waves in materials coupled to oscillating electrons,
which can be engineered to form antennas capable of guiding and concentrating light below thediffraction limit. The plasmons of nanocarbon materials are in the mid-infrared and can be
tailored by the material’s shape, conductance, and doping, but it is also tinted by electron-phonon
interactions forming resonance loops and interference phenomena. This talk will present thegeneral properties of Mid-IR plasmons in nanocarbons in the context of electron-phonon
interactions and Fano anti-resonances. Experiments performed in the last years will be firstreviewed to gain a better understanding of the mid-IR response in graphene and nanotube films.
The Fano antiresonances in nanocarbons (graphene, single-walled, and double-walled nanotubes)
is ascribed to electron-phonon (e-ph) interactions enabled by surface chemistry, disorder, anddoping [1-3]. We will then discuss strategies for promoting these optical effects in the Mid-IR
spectra of the graphene and nanotubes. The role of redox doping [4] and the modulation of theanti-resonances in the plasmonic response after chemical grafting will be discussed to gain
insight into the e-ph interaction mechanism. Better control on the growth of graphene and on thecovalent chemistry of nanocarbons using e.g. sulfur atoms will also be discussed as new tools for
tailoring the optical properties of thin films. Through examples, I will describe how a promotionof e-ph interactions can be used to track chemical processes at interfaces, amplify MIR signals,
and serve as modulators of THz waves [5].
Note that part of this work was done in collaboration with T. Hertel and his group (U. Würzburg).
This talk is dedicated to Phaedon Avouris and his achievements on this topic and on nanocarbon
research.

Figure abstract. Wavelength-dependent transmittance difference with applied potential of a double-wall carbon
nanotubes (5 nm) thin film [Ref. 5].
References[1] F. Lapointe et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 121, 9053–9062 (2017)[2] F. Lapointe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 097402 (2012)[3] K. Eckstein et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 125, 5700−5707 (2021)[4] F. Shoghi et al., Carbon, 184, 659-668 (2021)[5] P. Gagnon et al., J. of Appl. Phys. 128, 233103 (2020)

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25

K4
SMALL ORGANIC MOLECULES IN NANOTUBES - ENCAPSULATION,
CHARACTERIZATION AND REACTIONS
K. Kamarás 1*
1

Wigner Research Centre for Physics and Centre for Energy Research - Budapest (Hungary)*email: kamaras.katalin@wigner.hu

The long tubular cavities of nanotubes can naturally act as encapsulation spaces for small
molecules and thus form nanocontainers or nanoreactors [1]. In this talk, I will discuss various
methods of encapsulation and subsequent chemical reactions resulting in metallic clusters [2],polymers [3,4], nanoribbons [5,6] or inner nanotubes [7]. The size of the tube limits themolecular dimensions and determines the reaction pathways by geometric constraints.
Encapsulation can be performed from vapor phase by sublimation, from various solutions by
nanoextraction and from liquid phase. In all cases, the elimination of side products, mainly
adsorbed molecules on the outer surface of the tubes, is crucial [3]. The two most often used
types of nanotubes consist of carbon and boron nitride, respectively. Because of the weakersecondary interaction of organic molecules with boron nitride than carbon, encapsulated
molecules are much more easily removed from boron nitride nanotubes [7]. Besides classicalcharacterization methods, mostly Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence, high-resolution
transmission electron microscopy [3, 5-7] as well as near-field spectroscopy and microscopy(infrared [2,4] and Raman [5]) can be employed to detect the constituents of the hybrid systems
and follow the processes happening on the nanoscale.

References[1] Cadena A, Botka B, Kamarás K 2021 Oxford Open Mat. Sci. 1, itab009[2] Németh G, Datz D, Pekker Á et al 2019 RSC Advances 9, 34120[3] Botka B, Füstös ME, Tóháti HM et al 2014 Small 10, 1369
[4] Datz D, Németh G, Walker KE et al 2021 ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 4, 4335
[5] Cadena A, Botka B, Pekker Á et al 2022 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 13, 9752
[6] Cadena A, Pekker Á, Botka B et al 2023 Phys. Status Solidi-Rapid Res. Lett. 17, 2200284[7] Walker KE, Rance GA, Pekker Á et al 2017 Small Methods 1, 1700184

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26

K5
M. Pasquali *NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

27

I01
1D TRANSITION METAL CHALCOGENIDES: GROWTH,STRUCTURES, AND PROPERTIES
Y. Miyata 1*
1

Tokyo Metropolitan University - Tokyo (Japan)*email: ymiyata@tmu.ac.jp

Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) are attractive materials with a wide variety ofnanostructures and properties. In particular, recent advances in growth techniques have enabled
the fabrication of various 1D forms of TMCs. In this talk, we report on our recent progress in the
fabrication and characterizations of such TMC-based 1D nanostructures including nanotubes,
nanoscrolls, nanowires, nanoribbons, and 1D interfaces (Figure 1). For example, the edges oflayered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) can be used to grow TMDC nanoribbons with
controlled edge structure by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [1]. This process also creates inplane heterostructures with 1D interfaces that exhibit various functions such as chiral or
wavelength-tunable electroluminescence [2,3], directional exciton-energy transport [4], and bandto-band tunneling [5]. Isolated boron nitride (BN) nanotubes have enabled the templatedsynthesis of single-wall TMDC nanotubes [6]. In addition to TMDCs, we have recently achieved
the wafer-scale growth of bundles of atomically-thin W6Te6 wires by salt-assisted CVD [7]. The
W6Te6 bundles can be tailored into thin, nanoribbon-like structure, where a 2D carrier gas isformed [8]. Such ribbon-shaped bundles have been further used for a conversion to layered
nanoribbons of WS2, WSe2 and WTe2 [9] and for synthesis of metal-intercalated ternary TMC[10]. These TMC-based 1D nanostructures would provide opportunities for exploring lowdimensional physics and novel device applications.

Figure 1. Structure models of TMC-based 1D nanostructures.
References[1] Y. Kobayashi, et al., ACS Nano, 13 (2019) 7527.
[2] N. Wada, et al., Adv. Func. Mater., 32 (2022) 2203602.
[3] J. Pu, et al., Adv. Mater. 34 (2022) 2203250.
[4] M. Shimasaki, et al., ACS Nano, 16 (2022) 8205.
[5] H. Ogura, et al., ACS Nano (2023) in press.
[6] S. Furusawa, et al., ACS Nano, 16 (2022) 16636.
[7] H.E. Lim, et al., Nano Lett., 21 (2021) 243.
[8] H. Shimizu, et al., ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 5 (2022) 6277.
[9] H.E. Lim, et al., ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 5 (2022) 1775.
[10] R. Natsui et al., ACS Nano (2023) in press.

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I02
TAILORING THE PROPERTIES OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON
NANOTUBES: THE EFFECT OF FUNCTIONALIZATION
A. Setaro 1,*, A. Fiebor 2, M. Adeli 2, S. Reich 2
1

Free University Berlin and Pegaso University - Berlin And Naples (Germany)
2
Free University Berlin - Berlin (Germany)*email: setaro@physik.fu-berlin.deSingle-walled carbon nanotubes are all-carbon nanostructured one-dimensional systems withoutstanding mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. For targeted applications it is desirable
to fine-tune their properties. Among the different strategies, a wide set of physico-chemicalfunctionalization treatments has been developed over the years. Here we will focus on thedevelopments achieved through a noncovalent functionalization technique we developed someyears ago [1] to bridge a triazine derivative onto the nanotubes’ sidewalls without affecting thepi-conjugation of the nanotubes nor causing any structural defects while preserving the nanotube
emissive features. The triazine derivative can be exploited as platform to immobilize virtually
any molecular or nanostructured systems of interest in the immediate proximity of the tubes. On
the same time, the integration of this functional platform also affects the density of charges
within the nanotubes, offering a fine-tuned control the position of the Fermi level within thefunctionalized tubes. We will show how this lets us modulate the photoluminescence of the tubes,
switching their emission on and off through the attachment of the switchable
spiropyran/merocyanine system [2]. We also will focus on a class of ad hoc synthesized chargetransfer agents that either donate or withdraw electrons depending on the arrangements of theirbuilding units [3] and how their decoration affects the properties of the tubes.

References[1] Setaro et al. Nature Communications 8, 14281 (2017).
[2] Godin et al. Science Advances 5, eaax1166 (2019).
[3] Fiebor et al. J. Phys. Chem. C. 125, 19925 (2021).

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I03
S.Y. Xie *NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

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I04
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND SPECTROSCOPY OF LOWDIMENSIONAL HYBRID MATERIALSK. Suenaga 1*
Osaka Univeristy - Osaka (Japan)*email: suenaga-kazu@sankan.osaka-u.ac.jp
1

Electron microscopy and spectroscopy are widely used to characterize various lowdimensional materials. Identifying the atomic structures and/or measurements of local opticalproperties are of great importance in designing nanoscale devices based on hybrid nanostructures.
Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) has been widely used for elemental identification intransmission electron microscopes (TEM) by using core-level excitations. Recent developments
of monochromators after the e-beam guns have enabled us to access optical and vibrational
information from the valence EELS ranges of nanometric materials. Here we show our latest
studies to develop the possibilities of EELS applied for low-dimensional hybrid materials.
Examples for atomic defects in in-plane hybrid TMDCs[1], monolayer structures of metal
chlorides intercalated in bi-layer graphene[2, 3], surface adatoms for catalysis[4], onedimensional hetero-nanotubes[5], isotopically heterogeneous graphene[6], and the other new
forms of 1D/2D hybrid materials [7] will be shown.

References[1] Y.-C. Lin et al., Adv. Mater., (2021) 2007819[2] Y.-C. Lin et al., Adv. Mater. (2021) 2105898[3] Y.-C. Lin et al., Nano Lett., 21 (2021) 10386-10391[4] S. Wu et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 143 (2021) 9105-9112[5] R. Xiang et al., Science 367 (2020) 537-542[6] R. Senga et al. Nature 603 (2022) 68-73[7] J. Zhou et al. Nature 609 (2022) 46-51[8] The works presented here are supported by JST-CREST and ERC MORE-TEM projects.

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I05
YTTRIUM-INDUCED PHASE-TRANSITION TECHNOLOGY FOR
FORMING PERFECT OHMIC CONTACTS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL
ELECTRONICS
L.M. Peng 1*
1Peking University - Beijing (China)*email: lmpeng@pku.edu.cn

The van der Waals (vdW) strategy is promising for overcoming the Fermi pinning challengein two-dimensional (2D) transistors. However, the lack of advanced-node lithography-compatible
methods hinders wafer-scale integrated manufacturing of vdW contacts. An yttrium-dopinginduced phase-transition technology is developed for making perfect ohmic contacts with twodimensional semiconductors. In particular InSe FET is scaled down to 10 nm in channel lengthand 0.5 V on supply voltage [1], showing a record high transconductance of 6 millisiemens per
micrometer and a room-temperature ballistic ratio in the saturation region of 83 percent,surpassing those of any reported silicon FETs; and can effectively suppress short-channel effects
with a low subthreshold swing of 75 millivolts per decade and drain-induced barrier lowering of
22 millivolts per volt. Furthermore, low contact resistance of 62 ohm micrometers is reliably
extracted in 10-nm ballistic InSe FETs, leading to a smaller intrinsic delay and much lower
energy-delay product than the predicted silicon limit.

Comparison of ballistic 2D InSe FETs and other short-channel 2D FETs.

References[1] Chengguang Qiu et al., Nature (2023) in press

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I06
ELECTRON-PHONON INTERACTIONS IN TWISTED AND
ANISOTROPIC 2D MATERIALS STUDIED BY RESONANCE AND
POLARIZED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
M. Pimenta 1*
1

Physics, UFMG - Belo Horizonte (Brazil)*email: mpimenta11@gmail.com

In this seminar I will discuss the use of Raman spectroscopy to study phonons and electronphonon interactions in 2D materials. I will start reviewing the Raman spectra of graphene,
showing that measurements performed by changing the energy of the incident photon provide
information about the electronic structure of the material. I will then focus on the resonanceRaman effect in twisted bilayer graphene (TBG), presenting experimental results performed in
TBG samples with different twisting angles that allow the distinction of intralayer and interlayerelectron-phonon (el-ph) interactions [1], and theoretical calculations of the double-resonance(DR) Raman intensity in graphene by imposing the momentum conservation rules for these two
el-ph processes [2]. I will then present angle-resolved polarized Raman measurements in triclinic
ReSe2 and show that the Raman tensor elements for the different phonons are given by complex
numbers due to the resonance effect. I will show that the wavevector dependence of the electron–
phonon interaction is essential for explaining the distinct results observed for each phonon mode
[3].

References[1] G. S. N. Eliel et al, Nature Comm 9, 1221 (2018)[2] M. V. O. Moutinho et al, Scientific Reports, 11, 1, 17206 (2021)[3] G. C. Resende et al, 2D Materials 8, 025002 (2020)

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I07
CARBON NANO-ONIONS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
S. Giordani 1*
DCU - Dublin Ireland*email: silvia.giordani@dcu.ie
1

In this presentation, carbon nano-onions (CNOs) will be discussed as a potential vesicle fornanocarrier-type drug delivery systems.1 CNOs, or multi-layer fullerenes, consist of multiple
concentric layers of sp2 hybridized carbon and are emerging as platforms for biomedical
applications because of their ability to be internalized by cells and low toxicity.2
In my research group we have developed methodology for the synthesis of pure, monodispersed
CNOs and various chemical functionalization strategies for the introduction of different
functionalities (receptor targeting unit and imaging unit) onto the surface of the CNOs. The
modified CNOs display high brightness and photostability in aqueous solutions and are
selectively taken up by different cancer cell lines without significant cytotoxicity.
Supramolecular functionalization with biocompatible polymers is an effective strategy to develop
engineered drug carriers for targeted delivery applications. We reported the use of a hyaluronic
acid-phospholipid (HA-DMPE) conjugate to target CD44 overexpressing cancer cells, while
enhancing solubility of the nanoconstruct. Non-covalently functionalized CNOs with HA-DMPE
show excellent in vitro cell viability in human breast carcinoma cells overexpressing CD44 andare uptaken to a greater extent compared to human ovarian carcinoma cells with an undetectableamount of CD44. In addition, they possess high in vivo biocompatibility in zebrafish during thedifferent stages of development suggesting a high degree of biosafety of this class ofnanomaterials.3
We recently synthesized Boron/nitrogen co-doped CNOs 4 and examined their interactions withbiological systems. Our study on the toxicological profiles of BN-CNOs and oxidized BN-CNOs
in vitro in both healthy and cancer cell lines, as well as in vivo on the embryonic stages ofzebrafish (Danio rerio) demonstrate that these new class of carbon nanoparticles have high cytobiocompatibility and a high biosafety. 5 Non covalent functionalization of BN-CNOs with HADMPE gave dispersions with long term aqueous stability. 6
Our results encourage further development as targeted diagnostics or therapeutics nanocarriers.

FigureReferences[1] M. Bartkowski and S. Giordani, Dalton Transactions 2021, 50 (7), 23.
[2] S. Giordani et al., Current Medicinal Chemistry 2019, 26 (38), 6915.
[3] M d’Amora et al., Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2020, 110779.
[4] A. Camisasca et al., ACS Applied NanoMaterials 2018, 1, 5763.
[5] M d’Amora et al., Nanomaterials 2021, 11 (11), 3017.
[6] H. Mohan et al., Applied Sciences 2022, 11 (22), 10565.

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I08
WATER FLOWS IN 1D AND 2D NANOCHANNELS, FROM CARBONMEMORIES TO QUANTUM FRICTION
L. Bocquet 1*
ENS - CNRS (France)*email: lyderic.bocquet@ens.fr
1

The emerging field of nanofluidics explores the molecular mechanics of fluids. This world of
infinitesimal fluidics is the frontier where the continuum of fluid dynamics meets the atomic
nature of matter, or even its quantum nature. Nature fully exploits the fluidic oddities at thenanoscale and it is capable of breath-taking technological feats using a fluidic circuitry made ofmultiple biological channels, such as ionic pumps, proton engines, ultra-selective pores,
stimulable channels, ... A major challenge at stake is to harness the strange properties of fluid
transport at nanoscale to reproduce or mimick some of these functionalities?
In this talk, I will discuss various experimental and theoretical results that we obtained recently in
my team on the transport of water and ions in ultra-confinement, both in 1D nanotubes and 2D
channels obtained by van der Waals assembly. I will in particular discuss the water-carbon
couple, which highlights a variety of exotic transport properties. I will focus on two suchphenomena: the emergence of memory in quasi–two-dimensional water channels and thedevelopment of elementary ion-based computing, with basic forms of Hebbian learning [1]; andthe nearly frictionless flows of carbon nanotubes and its quantum roots [2,3].
I will conclude by briefly discussing how such nanoscale emerging phenomena can be exploited
to develop technological innovations for water and energy.

References[1] “Long-term memory and synapse-like dynamics of ionic carriers in two-dimensional nanofluidic channels”, P.
Robin, T. Emmerich, A. Ismail, A. Nigues, Y. You, G.-H. Nam, A. Keerthi, A. Siria, A.K. Geim, B. Radha, L.
Bocquet, Science 379, 161-167 (2023).
[2] “Massive radius-dependent flow slippage in single carbon nanotubes ” E. Secchi, S. Marbach, A. Niguès, D.
Stein, A. Siria and L. Bocquet, Nature 537 210 (2016)[3] “Fluctuation-induced quantum friction in nanoscale water flows”, N. Kavokine, M.-L. Bocquet and L. Bocquet,
Nature 602, 84-90 (2022)

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I09
CONTROLLABLE PREPARATION OF ULTRALONG CARBON
NANOTUBES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTREME PROPERTIES
F. Wei 1*
1

Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University - Beijing (China)*email: wf-dce@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

Carbon nanotubes with superior properties are expected to be critical materials in many
cutting-edge applications, including aerospace, military equipments and mobile communication
etc. Crucial advances have been made in the controllable preparation and properties developmentof carbon nanotubes, as it has been reported that the tensile strength of defect-free carbon
nanotubes and carbon nanotube bundles can approach the theoretical limit. However, the largescale controllable preparation of carbon nanotubes with macro-length and the cross-scale transferof excellent properties have not been well solved, which seriously limited its practicalapplications. Based on this research status, the report will introduces the latest progress of theresearch group in the controllable preparation and extreme performance development of ultralong carbon nanotubes, including the evolutionary growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes, thelarge-scale controllable preparation of ultra-long carbon nanotubes, and the cross-scale precise
assembly and extreme performance development of carbon nanotubes. The prospects andchallenges of the further development of carbon nanotubes will also be discussed.

References[1] Wei, F.* et al. Super-durable ultralong carbon nanotubes. Science 369, 1104 (2020).
[2] Wei, F.* et al. Carbon nanotube bundles with tensile strength over 80 GPa. Nature Nanotechnology 13, 589-595(2018).
[3] Wei, F.* et al. Rate-selected growth of ultrapure semiconducting carbon nanotube arrays. Nature
Communications 10, 4467 (2019).
[4] Wei, F.* et al. A single-molecule van der Waals compass. Nature 592, 541-544 (2021).
[5] Wei F.* et al. In situ imaging of the sorption-induced subcell topological flexibility of a rigid zeolite framework.
Science 376, 491-496 (2022).

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I10
IMAGING NEUROMODULATORS WITH CARBON NANOTUBES
M. Landry 1*
1

University of California Berkeley - Berkeley (United States)*email: landry@berkeley.edu

Neurons communicate through neurotransmitter signals that either terminate at thepostsynaptic process (“wired transmission”) or diffuse beyond the synaptic cleft to modulate theactivity of larger neuronal networks (“volume transmission”). Molecules such as dopamine,
serotonin, and neuropeptides such as oxytocin belong to the latter class of neurotransmitters andhave been the pharmacological targets of antidepressants and antipsychotics for decades. Owing
to the central role of neuromodulators over a range of behaviors and psychiatric disorders, realtime imaging of the signal’s spatial propagation would constitute a valuable advance inneurochemical imaging. To this end, we present a library of nanoscale near-infrared fluorescentnanosensors for dopamine (Beyene et al. Science Advances 2019; Yang et al. Nature Protocols2021), serotonin (Jeong et al. Science Advances 2019), and oxytocin, where the nanosensors aredeveloped from polymers pinned to the surface of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT). We
characterize our findings in the context of their utility for high spatial and temporal
neuromodulator imaging in the brain, describe nanosensor exciton behavior from a molecular
dynamics (MD) perspective, and validate nanosensor for use to elucidate neuromodulator
signaling variability with disease or pharmacological perturbations at a synaptic scale.
We next use this dopamine imaging nanosensor to study dopamine signaling deficits in
Huntington’s Disease (HD), where dysregulation of dopamine transmission plays a key role inmultiple neurodegenerative diseases. While several treatments for physical and psychiatric HD
symptoms target dopaminergic neuromodulation, little is known about the relationship between
dopamine and the principal cause of HD, production of mutant huntingtin protein. Specifically,knowledge of what drives decreased dopamine release at motor symptom onset is uncertain andcould be driven by decreasing dopamine release site numbers, decreasing dopamine quantal
release per site, or a combination of the two. By imaging dopamine activity in the striatum of
R6/2 HD model mice, we find that late-disease decreases in evoked dopamine release are
primarily driven by decreases in the number of dopamine release sites as opposed to net
decreases in dopamine release per release site. We discuss how to use these findings as optimal
therapeutic intervention timepoints for siRNA-based HD therapies, discuss how dopaminergic
projections are affected by mutant huntingtin, and whether specific targeting of these loci isimportant for developing gene-therapy efforts.

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I11
CARBON NANOTUBES FOR PROFILING CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEIN
RECOGNITION
G. Ao 1*1

Cleveland State University - Cleveland (United States)*email: g.ao@csuohio.edu

Additional Authors: Ana DiLillo, Brandon J. Heppe, Nina Dzombic, Fjorela Xhyliu, Michael A.
Cantwell, Ka Keung Chan, Joseph M. Keil, Xue-Long Sun
The recognition interactions between cell surface carbohydrates and carbohydrate-binding
proteins (CBPs) play a vital role in a multitude of cellular activities, such as immune responses
and infections. Our laboratory develops glyconanomaterials, such as carbohydrate-decorated
single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), for detecting specific carbohydrate-protein interactions
and understanding their underlying mechanisms, that are crucial for discovering therapeutic anddiagnostic mechanisms. We created noncovalent complexes of SWCNTs and glycopolymers,
which are polymers with carbohydrate pendant groups and have been used extensively to mimic
the functions of naturally occurring glycoconjugates. These glycopolymer-wrapped SWCNTs
showed distinct nanostructure-induced interactions between the internal sugar group of
glycopolymers and a specific CBP, as compared to the currently known interaction behavior of
CBPs with the terminal glycan of oligosaccharides. Additionally, we demonstrated the role ofwater in creating fluorescent quantum defects on SWCNTs as a step toward the covalentfunctionalization of bright SWCNTs with carbohydrates via bioorthogonal click chemistry inaqueous environment. These glyconanomaterials can potentially lead to the creation of versatile
optical sensors for detecting carbohydrate-protein interactions with enhanced specificity andsensitivity.

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C01
INTENSE RAMAN D BAND WITHOUT DISORDER IN FLATTENEDCARBON NANOTUBES
E. Picheau 1,*, A. Impellizzeri 2, D. Rybkovskiy 3, M. Bayle 2, J.Y. Mevellec 2, F. Hof 1,
H. Saadaoui 1, L. Noé 4, A. Cefas Torres Dias 4, J.L. Duvail 2, M. Monthioux 4, B. Humbert 2,
P. Puech 4, C. Ewels 2, A. Pénicaud 1
CRPP - Bordeaux (France)
2
IMN - Nantes (France)
3
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology - Moscow (Russian Federation)
4
CEMES - Toulouse (France)*email: picheau.emmanuelvincentdavid@nims.go.jp
1

Above a critical diameter, single or few-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) spontaneously
collapse as flattened carbon nanotubes (FCNTs). FCNTs can be consider as few layer graphene
nanoribbons (GNRs), with continuity at the edges forming two lateral cavities. FCNTs overcome
the as-yet unsolved difficulty to obtain scalable GNRs with atomically smooth edges, critical forelectronics.[1] FCNTs can be obtain in solution by reported methods,[2,3] and has been deposited
on a surface. A close correlation between atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy
allowed to measure Raman spectra of isolated self-collapsed FCNTs. Strikingly, the collapse
provokes the appearance of an intense and narrow D band (see figure 1), independent of thepresence of topological defects. It arise solely as a signature of folding, as shown by experimental
and theoretical evidences.[4] This conclusion should have wide repercussions for the field ofgraphene and related materials regarding defect quantification and serve as a basis to revisit
materials comprising structural distortion where poor carbon organization was concluded on
Raman basis. Our finding also emphasizes cultural differences in understanding of a defectbetween chemists and physicists, a possible source of confusion for researchers working in
nanotechnologies.

Raman spectra CCNT/FCNT. Raman spectra of a cylindrical (black, top) and of a collapsed (red, bottom) carbon
nanotube
References[1] Impellizzeri, A., Briddon, P. & Ewels, C. P. Stacking- and chirality-dependent collapse of single-walled carbon
nanotubes: A large-scale density-functional study. Phys. Rev. B 100, 115410 (2019).
[2] Jiao, L., Wang, X., Diankov, G., Wang, H. & Dai, H. Facile synthesis of high-quality graphene nanoribbons. Nat.
Nanotechnol. 5, 321–325 (2010).
[3] Choi, D. H. et al. Fabrication and Characterization of Fully Flattened Carbon Nanotubes: A New Graphene
Nanoribbon Analogue. Sci. Rep. 3, 1617 (2013).
[4] Picheau, E. et al. Intense Raman D Band without Disorder in Flattened Carbon Nanotubes. Under revision.
(2020).

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C02
GRAPHENE NANORIBBONS IN CARBON AND BORON NITRIDENANOTUBES FROM 1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE
A. Cadena 1,*, B. Botka 2, Á. Pekker 2, C.D. Tschannen 3, C. Lombardo 3, L. Novotny 3,
A.N. Khlobystov 4, E. Dodony 5, Z. Fogarassy 5, B. Pécz 5, K. Kamarás 6
Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 --- Department of Chemical
and Environmental Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest Universityof Technology and Economics, 1111 - Budapest (Hungary)
2Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 - Budapest (Hungary)
3
Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 - Zürich (Switzerland)
4
Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD - Nottingham (United Kingdom)
5
Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research - Budapest (Hungary)
6
Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, 1525 --Institute of TechnicalPhysics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Researc - Budapest (Hungary)*email: anacristina.cadena@wigner.hu

1Synthesis of graphene nanoribbons from small molecules encapsulated in nanotubes has many
advantages: uniform width, clean edges, and easily removable, volatile side products. We present
the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons from the liquid precursor 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. The firststep is the encapsulation, which takes place by immersing the open nanotubes in the liquid. The
removal of the precursor molecules adsorbed on the outer surface can be achieved by simply
letting them evaporate. This procedure is followed by a thermal reaction resulting in nanoribbons
with width determined by the nanotube diameter and length up to 100 nm. The formation of
nanoribbons was proven by transmission electron microscopy and macroscopic and tip-enhanced
Raman scattering. [1]The above synthesis can be performed also in boron nitride nanotubes where the nanoribbon
formation has not been as successful so far as inside carbon nanotubes. The significance of
producing graphene nanoribbons using boron nitride nanotubes lies in the transparent nature ofthese tubes which, contrary to carbon nanotubes, allows obtaining information of the reaction
products in a wide optical range. In this case, the reaction products were analyzed with Raman
scattering, transmission electron microscopy and wide-range optical spectroscopy. [2]References[1] A. Cadena et al. , J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 13, 9752—9758 (2022)[2] A. Cadena et al. , Phys. Status Solidi-Rapid Res. Lett. 17, 2200284—1—5 (2023)

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C03
CARBON NANOTUBE QUANTUM WELL DEFECT EMISSION FOR
MACHINE LEARNING-GUIDED DIAGNOSTICS
D. Heller 1,*, K. Mijin 1, Z. Yaari 2, Y. Wang 3, A. Jagota 4, Z. Ming 5
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center - New York (United States)
2
Hebrew University - Jerusalem (Israel)3
University of Maryland - College Park (United States)
4
Lehigh University - Bethlehem (United States), 5NIST - Gaithersburg (United States)*email: hellerd@mskcc.org
1

We employ the photoluminescence of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNTs), andcovalent sp3 quantum well defects (aka organic color centers, OCCs) on SWCNTs, to develop
new diagnostic methods for cancer and other diseases. Serum biomarker measurements arewidely used for diagnosis, but these markers largely provide low sensitivity and specificity. We
developed a method using defect-modified SWCNTs to identify a “disease fingerprint” throughthe collection of large data sets of molecular binding interactions to an array of quantum defectmodified carbon nanotubes. We found that a library of OCCs exhibited differentiated spectral
variation in response to an ensemble of molecular binding events in patient serum. Via machinelearning algorithms, we built a prediction model of nanosensor responses that reliably identified
ovarian cancer substantially better than the established, FDA-approved biomarker, CA125. We
have expanded this approach to other indications without known biomarkers, providing a general
method to identify diseases.

References[1] M Kim, C Chen, P Wang, JJ Mulvey, Y Yang, C Wun, M Antman-Passig, H-B Luo, S Cho, K Long-Roche, LV
Ramanathan, A Jagota, M Zheng, Y Wang, DA Heller*. “Machine-Learning-Based Detection of an Ovarian Cancer
Disease Fingerprint from Serum via Quantum Defect-Modified Carbon Nanotube Arrays.” Nature Biomedical
Engineering 6 (2022) 267-275.
[2] Z Yaari, Y Yang, E Apfelbaum, C Cupo, A Settle, Q Cullen, W Cai, K Long Roche, DA Levine, M Fleisher, L
Ramanathan, M Zheng, A Jagota, DA Heller*. "A Perception-Based Machine-Perception Nanosensor Platform to
Detect Cancer Biomarkers." Science Advances 7 (2021) eabj0852.

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C04
EVIDENCE AND ANALYSIS OF DISCONTINUOUS THERMODYNAMIC
PROPERTIES UNDER EXTREME ONE DIMENSIONAL CONFINEMENT
M. Kuehne 1,*, S. Faucher 2, R.P. Misra 2, H. Oliaei 3, H. Li 4, J. Yang 2, A. Penn 2, Y.M. Tu 2,
X. Xu 4, G. Zhang 2, V.B. Koman 2, A. Majumdar 4, N. Aluru 5, D. Blankschtein 2, M.S. Strano 2
2

1
Brown University - Providence, Ri (United States)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge, Ma (United States)
3
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign - Urbana, Il (United States)
4
Stanford University - Stanford, Ca (United States)
5
The University of Texas at Austin - Austin, Tx (United States)*email: kuehne@brown.edu

Recent interest in one-dimensionally confined fluids, where confinement approaches
molecular dimensions, has demonstrated exceptionally high fluxes from slip flow and large
distortions of fluid phase boundaries [1,2]. The Center for Enhanced Nanofluidic Transport(CENT) was recently formed as an intellectual hub for studying extreme fluid confinement inwhat we label Single Digit Nanopores (SDNs). To this end, in this work, we note that predicting
such phenomena for a given conduit dimension has been confounded by a dearth of fundamental
thermodynamic measurements and analysis as a function of confinement diameter and wallcomposition. To this end, we develop a platform based on Raman spectroscopy and ultra-longcarbon nanotubes with diameters less than 3 nm suspended over electron microscopy windows to
identify and study new types of vibrational coupling to the CNT environment. Electron
diffraction assigned Double Walled Carbon Nanotubes (DWNT) suspended across with 20 μm
slit on 1,500 μm transmission electron microscopy (TEM) windows are used to probe in vacuum
an enormous 10 to 15% Radial Breathing Mode (RBM) downshift shift with increasing
temperature that is both reversible and robust over dozens of cycles. A new analysis based on aharmonic oscillator model is able to assign the hyperbolic trajectory to a reversible increase indamping, generating a shift that is the reverse of prior expectations. The environmental source ofthe coupling is assigned to graphitic ribbons shown by TEM to decorate the surface up to an axial
coverage of 60%. A linear, strain-dependent coupling of the ribbon fragments driven by thermal
expansion of the supporting nanotube describes the distinctive cusp that appears throughout the
91 temperature scans of 3 distinct DWNTs. We find that each connection of the fragments with
the DWNT surface keeps the ratio of spring to damping frequencies constant, producing aremarkable saturation of the RBM frequency in the low-tension limit. The high fidelity of theoscillatory model shows that the RBM has negligible intrinsic temperature dependence and that
evidence for impurity-induced damping as a confounding variable is commonly present inexperiments previously thought to be on pristine systems. Overall, these findings significantly
increase our understanding of the environmental coupling of 1D nano-mechanical systems,
providing the basis for new technological applications and improved spectral analysis.

References[1] S. Faucher, N. Aluru, M. Z. Bazant, D. Blankschtein, A. H. Brozena, J. Cumings, J. Pedro De Souza, M.
Elimelech, R. Epsztein, J. T. Fourkas, A. G. Rajan, H. J. Kulik, A. Levy, A. Majumdar, C. Martin, M. McEldrew, R.
P. Misra, A. Noy, T. A. Pham, M. Reed, E. Schwegler, Z. Siwy, Y. Wang, M. S. Strano. Critical Knowledge Gaps in
Mass Transport through Single-Digit Nanopores: A Review and Perspective. J. Phys. Chem. C 123, 21309–21326(2019).
[2] K. V. Agrawal, S. Shimizu, L. W. Drahushuk, D. Kilcoyne, M. S. Strano. Observation of extreme phasetransition temperatures of water confined inside isolated carbon nanotubes. Nat. Nanotechnol. 12, 267–273 (2017)

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C05
HEXAGONAL ARRAYS OF CARBON MICROPYRAMIDS FORMED BY
SELF-ASSEMBLY OF SOOT NANOPARTICLES ON THE SURFACE OFRESISTIVELY HEATED CARBON FILAMENTS IN LOW-OXYGENATMOSPHERE
V. Luchnikov 1,*, Y. Saito 2, L. Delmotte 1, J. Dentzer 1, E. Denys 1, V. Malesys 1, L. Josien 1,
L. Simon 1, S. Gree 1
1

Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M, UMR 7361 - Mulhouse (France)
2
The University of Tokyo - Mulhouse (Japan)*email: valeriy.luchnikov@uha.fr

Almost regular hexagonal arrays of microscopic pyramids consisting of soot nanoparticles areformed on the surface of graphitized filaments of chitosan, which are resistively heated to∼1800−2400 °C under an Ar atmosphere containing trace amounts of oxygen (∼300 ppm) [1]. At
higher temperatures (T >2200)°C, approximately) the soot particles are represented mainly bymulti-shell carbon nano-onions. The height and width of the pyramids are strongly dependent on
the temperature of the resistive heating, diminishing from 5 to 10 μm at T ≈ 1800°C to ∼1 μm at
2300−2400 °C. The pyramids always point normally to the surface of the filaments. As appeared,
the pyramids are soft and can be easily destroyed by touching them, but can be hardened byheating under an oxygen-free atmosphere. The thermophoretic force generated by a strong
temperature gradient near the tubes may be the cause of the structure formation. The regularmutual arrangement and the sharp extremities of the micropyramids allow considering them asprospective microstructures for advanced applications. We have demonstrated that the individualcarbon micropyramids emit a tunneling current upon application of a local electrical field. This
indicates the principal possibility to create field emitter arrays on the base of the micropyramid
ensembles. The pyramids arrays may be also investigated for the creation of superhydrophobic
and bactericidal coatings, as well as ultra-black materials.

The self-assembled soot micropyramids. (a) An array of micropyramids self-assembled at 2000°C and relativeoxygen concentration 300 p.p.m. (b) Soot nanoparticles (carbon nano-onions) which form the micropyramids.

References[1] Valeriy A. Luchnikov, Yukie Saito, Luc Delmotte, Joseph Dentzer, Emmanuel Denys, Vincent Malesys, Ludovic
Josien, Laurent Simon, Simon Gree, Self-Assembly of Soot Nanoparticles on the Surface of Resistively Heated
Carbon Microtubes in Near-Hexagonal Arrays of Micropyramids., ACS Nano 2023, 17, 3, 1906–1915
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.2c04395

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C06
CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES IN SENSING CHEMICALS WITH
CARBON NANOTUBE THIN-FILM ELECTRONIC DEVICES
F. Lapointe 1*, C. Guo 1, Z. Li 1, J. Lefebvre 1, J. Ding 1
1

National Research Council Canada - Ottawa (Canada)*email: francois.lapointe@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs) are attractive for chemical
detection with electronic devices [1] due to their special characteristics: since they are structured
with a one-atom-thick wall in a quasi-1D form factor, sc-SWCNTs are particularly sensitive toelectrostatics in their environment. Furthermore, their bandgap of about 1 eV is much larger than
the thermal energy at room temperature, and at the same time it is in a suitable range forelectronic applications. Their density of state also exhibits van Hove singularities that cause
strong modulation of their conductivity and optical properties with charge carrier injection. The
biggest challenge in chemical detection with sc-SWCNT thin-film electronic devices is their lackof selectivity and several approaches have been devised to impart specificity. [1] In this talk wewill present different chemical detection strategies with enriched sc-SWCNTs using electronictransduction and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We will demonstrate detection ofammonia at concentrations below 1 ppm using sc-SWCNTs wrapped with a decomposable
polymer in a chemiresistor configuration. [2] Selective detection of CO2 with chemiresistors was
obtained by developing a SWCNT-wrapping indigo-ﬂuorene-based copolymer with specificinteractions for carbonyls. [3] Finally, we will present a strategy for differentiating the responseof sensing elements to a variety of volatile analytes by modifying the nature of the gate’s polymer
dielectric in a three-electrode, bottom-gate chemitransistor configuration. [4] This methodology
paves the way for the implementation of sc-SWCNT-based chemitransistors in a printed crossreactive sensor array.

A) Selective CO2 sensing using an indigo-ﬂuorene-based copolymer used in wrapping and enriching sc-SWCNTs.
B) Cartoon representation of a sc-SWCNT network FET sensor array. C) A matrix displaying the compound
response (difference in mobility and shift in threshold voltage) for an array of sc-SWCNT network FET transistors
with various polymer gate dielectrics exposed to a series of volatile compounds.

References[1] Schroeder, V. et al. Chem. Rev. 119, 599 (2019)[2] Li, Z. et al. Adv. Funct. Mater. 1705568 (2018)[3] Guo, C. et al. ACS Sensors 5 2136 (2020)[4] Lapointe, F. et al. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 1 3269 (2019)

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C07
SOLAR ENERGY HARVESTING IN SEMICONDUCTING SWCNTBASED HETEROJUNCTIONS
J. Blackburn 1,*, A. Hermosilla-Palacios 1, A. Ferguson 1, A. Myers 1, J.U. Lee 2, G. Oyibo 2,
L. Huang 3, D. Blach 3, C. Nuckolls 4, S.T. Bao 4
1
NREL - Golden (United States)
SUNY Polytechnic Institute - Albany (United States)
3
Purdue University - West Lafayette (United States)
4
Columbia University - New York (United States)*email: jeffrey.blackburn@nrel.gov

2

Quantum-confined semiconductors provide highly tunable optical and electrical properties fora wide variety of emerging applications. Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sSWCNTs) have shown tremendous potential in applications ranging from digital logic, biologicalimaging, quantum information processing, photovoltaics, and thermoelectric energy harvesting.
Energy harvesting applications rely critically upon the creation of tailored interfaces that enable
the movement of energetic species (excitons, electrons, holes) in specified directions. In this talk,I will discuss the use of a variety of rationally designed heterojunctions between s-SWCNTs andorganic and inorganic semiconductors to harvest visible/near-infrared photons and convert these
excitations into long-lived charge-separated states and electrical current. Type-II heterojunctions
between s-SWCNTs and monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) enable rapid
exciton dissociation and microsecond charge-separated state lifetimes.1-3 I will discuss new
results that consider how charge separation efficiency and rate depend on interfacial bandalignment, as well as the degree of bound charge transfer character of the resulting chargeseparated state. I will also discuss new results demonstrating that graded bandgap energy funnelarchitectures that mimic photosynthetic energy transfer pathways can enable energy harvesting pn junctions formed solely from s-SWCNT thin films.4 Finally, I will discuss new results on
Type-II heterojunctions formed between s-SWCNTs and novel molecular perylene diimide (PDI)
based electron acceptors.5 Taken together, these studies provide fundamental insights into thelinks between ground-state thermodynamics and excited-state dynamics for model nanoscale
heterojunctions used to harvest solar energy and produce long-lived charge-separated states.

References[1] Energy & Environmental Science 13, 2684-2740 (2020).
[2] Nanoscale 13, 8188-8198 (2021).
[3] Materials Horizons 6, 2103-2111 (2019).
[4] Nano Letters 22, 9100-9106 (2022).
[5] Materials Horizons 8, 1509-1517 (2021).

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C08
SPATIALLY RESOLVED MOLECULAR ENGINEERING OF GRAPHENE
T. Wei 1*
1

Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg - Erlangen (Germany)*email: tao.wei@fau.deExploring the tailored physical/chemical properties is at the forefront of graphene research.[1]The emerging development of covalent molecular engineering represents a rather promisingtactic for this purpose carrying several unique advantages. In this line, we have developed two
scenarios, including reduction-mediated lithography and laser writing, for spatially resolved
covalent 2D-patterning of graphene, affording a variety of well-structured graphenearchitectures.[2-3] Furthermore, based on the combination of 2D-patterning techniques and postfunctionalization approaches, more promising hierarchically ordered multifunctional graphenearchitectures were facilely constructed. We further demonstrated that the chemical information ofthese built 2D-systems can be finely manipulated by establishing complete write/read/erase
circles.

References[1] Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2104060.
[2] Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 552.
[3] J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 19825.

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C09
SUPER MACKAY CLUSTER FE₄₂CO₁₃ FOR CHIRALITY SELECTIVEGROWTH OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
S. Maruyama 1*
The University of Tokyo - Hongo (Japan)*email: maruyama@photon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
1

We propose a super Mackay cluster Fe42Co13 for the selective chirality growth of singlewalled carbon nanotubes. The double icosahedral structure, the so-called Mackay structure, iswell known by theoretical works[1,2]. However, the Mackay structure is meta-stable in ourmolecular dynamics simulation (MD). The most stable structure in MD simulation is shown in
Fig. 1(a); internal core Fe12Co is rotated 15 degrees from the Mackay structure. If we let thiscluster vibrate at high temperatures, we can observe the mode-crossing rotation of the inner core.
From MD simulations, we found the extremely high melting point of Fe42Co13 cluster, 1800K.
We believe the extremely high melting point originates from this unique mode-crossing vibration.
By preliminary MD simulation of carbon nanotube growth, we found the fully solid behavior ofthis catalyst up to 1800K, as in Fig. 1(b). The chirality of SWCNT of the simulated nanotube will
be discussed. As we can guarantee the fully solid catalysts in the usual CVD condition, we try togrow chirality-specific SWCNTs based on this super Mackay cluster. The preliminary result
based on ACCVD [3] is shown in Fig. 1(c). The Fe42Co13 alloy ratio gives a higher growthefficiency than pure Co, pure Fe, and a 1:1 mixture.

Super Mackay structure and growth of SWCNTs. (a) super Mackay structure of Fe42Co13. Co atoms are in cyan
and Fe atoms are in orange. (b) Molecular dynamics simulation of growth. (c) CVD growth of SWCNTs by zeolitesupported bimetallic alloy at 850 C. The absorption corresponds to (8,7) nanotubes.

References[1] M. Zhang, R. Fournier, J. Mol. Struct., 762 (2006) 49.
[2] K. Yuge, Mater. Trans., 52 (2011) 1339.
[3] B. Hou et al., Carbon, 119 (2017) 502.

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C10
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF METALLIC CARBON NANOTUBES:BEYOND THE STANDARD SEMI-EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR
PLASMONIC PREDICTIONS
D. Baux 1,*, P. Hermet 2, S. Campidelli 3, J.L. Bantignies 1, E. Rousseau 1, N. Izard 1
Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR5221 - Montpellier (France)
2
ICGM, Univ. Montpellier - Montpellier (France)
3
Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN - Gif-Sur-Yvette (France)*email: domitille.baux@umontpellier.fr
1

In recent years, plasmonics has become a rapidly growing area of research with the potential
to bring advancements in various fields such as sensing[1] and highly integrated photonic
devices[2]. In an effort of miniaturization, metallic Single-Wall Carbon NanoTubes (m-SWCNT)
could be envisioned as the smallest metallic wire, a building block for plasmonic devices at thenanoscale. In order to engineer such practical nanotube-based optical devices, the knowledge of
m-SWCNT complex dielectric constant is fundamental. However, experimental measurements
are mostly limited to unsorted samples[3] or focused only on a narrow frequency range[4].
Furthermore, most theoretical calculations have focused on the optical properties ofsemiconducting SWCNT or missed the intraband-transitions contribution of m-SWCNT. An
analytical model, known as the surface conductivity model[5], has also been developed but has
not been confronted with experiments. Therefore, we investigate the intraband-transitions
contribution to the optical properties of metallic carbon nanotubes both experimentally andtheoretically[6]. The experimental dielectric constant for m-SWCNT samples is derived fromreflectance measurements through electromagnetic modeling and Kramers-Kronig relations(figure a-b). It is found in remarkable agreement with the predictions from ab initio calculations
but demonstrates a failure of the standard semi-empirical model[5] (figure c), widely used invarious fields of physics especially for predicting the optical properties of many 2D materials.
We report new theoretical predictions for the plasma frequency of m-SWCNT unambiguously
validated by experimental observations.

m-SWCNT experimental complex dielectric constant (a) real and (b) imaginary part compared with DFT
calculations. (c) Cut-off energy as a function of the diameter from analytics (blue stars), DFT (red dots), andmeasurement (yellow area).
References[1] M. Butt et al., Fiber and Integrated Optics 40, 14 (2021)[2] S.A. Maier et al., Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 12, 1671 (2006)[3] G.A. Ermolaev et al., App. Phys. Lett. 116 231103 (2020)[4] Q. Zhang, J. Kono et al., Nano Lett. 13 5991 (2013)[5] G.Y. Slepyan et al., Phys. Rev. B 60, 17136 (1999)[6] D. Baux et al., arXiv:2301.11662 (2023)

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C11
CHIRALITY-DEPENDENCE OF TRIPLET EXCITONS IN (6,5) AND (7,5)
SWCNTS REVEALED BY OPTICALLY-DETECTED MAGNETICRESONANCE
I. Sudakov 1, E. Goovaerts 1, W. Wenseleers 1, J.L. Blackburn 2, J.G. Duque 3, S. Cambré 1,*
University of Antwerp - Antwerp (Belgium)
Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory - Golden (United States)3
Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory - Los Alamos(United States)*email: sofie.cambre@uantwerpen.be1

2

The excitonic structure of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) consists of multiple
singlet (SE) and triplet excitons (TEs) of which only one SE is optically bright.[1] To stimulate
future applications in nanophotonics, a deeper understanding of the role of TEs in thephotophysics of SWCNTs is highly needed. Previously, an unambiguous proof of the existenceof TEs in SWCNTs was provided by combining optical spectroscopy with a spin-sensitivetechnique, namely optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR).[2,3] In this work, we report
the detailed characterization of TEs in chirality-purified samples of (6,5) and (7,5) SWCNTs,
either randomly oriented in a frozen solution or with in-plane preferential orientation in a film, bymeans of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy. In both chiral structures,
the nanotubes are shown to sustain three types of TEs. One TE exhibits axial symmetry withzero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters depending on SWCNT diameter, in good agreement withthe tighter confinement expected in narrower-diameter nanotubes. The ZFS of this TE also
depends on nanotube environment, pointing to slightly weaker confinement for surfactant-coatedthan for polymer-wrapped SWCNTs. A second TE type, with much smaller ZFS, does not show
the same systematic trends with diameter and environment and has a less well-defined axial
symmetry. This most likely corresponds to TEs trapped at defect sites at low temperature, as
exemplified by comparing SWCNT samples from different origins and after different treatments.
A third triplet has unresolved ZFS, implying it originates from weakly interacting spin pairs.
Aside from the diameter dependence, ODMR thus provides insights in both the symmetry,
confinement, and nature of TEs on semiconducting SWCNTs.[4]Figure 1. ODMR of triplet excitons in carbon nanotubes as a function of the angle of the magnetic field with the film
plane.
References[1] M.S. Dresselhaus et al, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2007, 58, 719[2] D. Stich et al, Nature Photon. 2014, 8, 139[3] J. Palotás et al, ACS Nano 2020, 14, 11254[4] I. Sudakov et al, ACS Nano 2023, 17, 2190

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C12
THE EVOLUTION OF CONFINED PRECURSOR MOLECULES INSIDECARBON NANOTUBES
Y. Chen 1, K. Tang 1, H. Zhang 1, H. Zhang 1, K. Cao 2, W. Cui 1, L. Shi 1,*
Sun Yat-sen University - Guangzhou (China)
Shanghai Tech University - Shanghai (China)*email: shilei26@mail.sysu.edu.cn

1
2

Unraveling the chemical reaction process still remains a challenge. The 1D nanospace ofcarbon nanotube is an ideal nanoreactor for synthesis of nonexistent or unusual materials, e.g.,previously we have synthesized ultra-long linear carbon chains [1-4]. Thanks to the confinementof the carbon nanotube, the evolution (or reaction) of precursor molecules under high temperatureor high pressure can be studied in detail now. Here, our recent results discovered that some
precursor molecules with/without hexatomic rings can be converted into graphene nanoribbons[5-7], whereas some aromatic molecules can be transformed into linear carbon chains [8]. These
unusual phenomena are beyond the conventional chemical reaction. In addition, many kinds of
1D elemental or compound chains can be obtained by using the same confined synthesis [9],which paves the way to create a library of novel 1D materials that do not exist or are yet to be
explored.

References[1] Lei Shi, et al., Nature Mater. 15, 634–639, 2016
[2] Lei Shi, et al., Nano Lett. 21, 1096–1101, 2021
[3] Weili Cui, et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60, 9897, 2021
[4] Weili Cui, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 32, 2206491, 2022
[5] Hans Kuzmany, et al., Carbon 171, 221–229, 2021
[6] Yifan Zhang et al., Nano Research 15 (3), 1709–1714[7] Kunpeng Tang et al., in preparation.
[8] Yingzhi Chen et al., in preparation.
[9] Haoyuan Zhang et al., in preparation.

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C13
COUPLED COLORED CENTERS GRAFTED ON A SINGLE WALL
CARBON NANOTUBE FOR QUANTUM LIGHT GENERATION.
A. Borel 1, Y. Chassagneux 1, F. Rapisarda 1, S. Doorn 2, C. Voisin 1,*
LPENS - Paris (France)
LANL - Los Alamos (United States)*email: christophe.voisin@ens.fr
1

2

The development of covalent diazonium functionalization of carbon nanotubes brings unique
opportunities in terms of original quantum sources of light, similar to colored centers in large gap
semi-conductors. However, carbon nanotubes colored centers have unique assets, such as theirversatile emission energy that can be tuned using the nanotube bandgap and the chemical natureof the grafted molecule. This opens avenues for original interplay between neighboring centers.
In particular, it should be possible to create a linear ensemble of closely packed single-photon
sources along the carbon nanotube backbone. The physical proximity of several dopants would
make it possible to couple them to a resonant cavity mode and to induce original dynamics andlight emission properties. Here, we investigate experimentally the case of a series of four
quantum emitters attached to the same carbon nanotube within a few hundreds of nanometers.
We explore their properties using excitation photoluminescence spectroscopy, polarization andsuper-localization measurements and time-resolved techniques such as correlation and photoluminescence decay measurements. We show that the ensemble of quantum emitters splits into
two pairs with qualitatively different behaviors in terms of spectral diffusion and luminescencesaturation, which we interpret as electronically coupled or uncoupled quantum emitters.

Ensemble of four quantum emitters grafted on the same single wall carbon nanotube.

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C14
IN SITU STUDIES OF THE KINETICS OF GROWTH AND ETCHING OF
INDIVIDUAL SWCNTS BY OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
V. Pimonov 1, E.A. Zamudio Medina 1, H.N. Tran 1, L. Monniello 1, S. Tahir 1, T. Michel 1,
R. Podor 2, M. Odorico 2, G.D. Förster 3, C. Bichara 3, V. Jourdain 1,*
2

1
Université de Montpellier - Montpellier (France)
ICSM - Bagnols Sur Cèze (France), 3CINAM - Marseille (France)*email: vincent.jourdain@umontpellier.fr

Understanding the kinetic selectivity of carbon nanotube growth at the scale of individual
nanotubes is essential for the development of growth methods with high chiral selectivity. Here
we report on the use of homodyne polarization microscopy [1,2] for high-throughput imaging oflong individual carbon nanotubes under real growth conditions (at ambient pressure, on asubstrate), and with sub-second time resolution. Our in situ observations on hundreds ofindividual nanotubes [3] reveal that about half of them grow at a constant rate all along their
lifetime while the other half exhibits stochastic changes in growth rates, and switches between
growth, pause and shrinkage. Statistical analysis shows that the growth rate of a given nanotube
essentially varies between two values, with similar average ratio (~1.7) regardless of whether therate change is accompanied by a change in chirality. These switches indicate that the nanotube
edge or the catalyst nanoparticle fluctuates between different configurations during growth. In
addition, we will report our recent investigations of the influence of the growth parameters(temperature, precursor and etchant concentrations) on the kinetics of growth and etching ofindividual SWCNTs using the same experimental approach [4].

References[1] Liu et al, Nature Nanotechnology (2013), 8, 917.
[2] Comprehensive model of the optical spectra of carbon nanotubes on a substrate by polarized microscopy,
Monniello, Jourdain et al., Physical Review B (2019), 99, 115431.
[3] Dynamic instability of individual carbon nanotube growth revealed by in situ homodyne polarization microscopy.
Pimonov, Jourdain et al. Nano Letters (2021), 21(19), 8495-8502.
[4] Förster et al., arXiv:2302.12077 (2023), submitted.

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C15
THERMODYNAMIC UNDERSTANDING OF CARBON NANOTUBE
CATALYST ACTIVITY
B. Maruyama 1,*, R. Waelder 1, R. Rao 1, C. Park 2
AFRL - Dayton (United States)
Florida State U. - Tallahasee (United States)*email: benjimaruyama@gmail.com
1

2

Understanding and controlling nanoparticle catalyst behavior as it relates to carbon nanotube(CNT) growth is key to scaling their production. In supported catalyst growth, the reduction of anoxidized metal catalyst enables growth, but the reduction also leads to catalyst deactivation via
Ostwald ripening, agglomeration, and other effects. Here, using a machine learning planner basedon a novel jump regression algorithm, we identified optimal conditions for CNT growth as afunction of the driving force for catalyst reduction in a fraction of the time and cost of
conventional experimental approaches. We found a discontinuous jump in yield corresponding to
the phase transformation from oxidized to reduced metal catalyst. Indeed, we found that growth
peaked at the oxidation/reduction boundary as we varied temperature and the reducing potentialof the growth gases. We believe that by operating at the thermodynamic boundary between
oxidized and reduced catalysts we optimize catalyst activity by inhibiting Ostwald ripeninginduced deactivation, thereby keeping the catalyst particles smaller and more numerous. Our
work identifies optimal thermodynamic conditions for the production of small diameter singlewalled CNTs using iron catalyst, and establishes a rationale for a generalized understanding the
behavior of other metal catalysts in CNT growth. We demonstrate the value of physics-aware
machine learning-driven design of experiments to greatly accelerate materials science.

CNT Yield results versus thermodynamic reduction potentials for FeO (left) and Fe2O3 (right). The yield roughly
follows Gibbs free energy of reduction contours, supporting the hypothesis that CNT yield optimal at theoxidation/reduction boundary. The thinner catalyst film (blue circles) became active at more reducing conditions
than the thicker catalyst film (red diamonds), indicating that they are more difficult to reduce.
References
Pavel Nikolaev, Daylond Hooper, Frederick Webber, Rahul Rao, Kevin Decker, Michael Krein, Jason Poleski, Rick
Barto, and Benji Maruyama. Autonomy in materials research: a case study in carbon nanotube growth. npj
Computational Materials, 2(1):16031, November 2016.
Placidus B. Amama, Cary L. Pint, Laura McJilton, Seung Min Kim, Eric A. Stach, P. Terry Murray, Robert H.
Hauge, and Benji Maruyama. Role of Water in Super Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Carpets. Nano
Letters, 9(1):44–49, January 2009.
Stach, Eric, et al. "Autonomous experimentation systems for materials development: A community perspective."
Matter 4.9 (2021): 2702-2726.

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C16
VERTICALLY ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBES: LATEST ADVANCESIN SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS
T. Goislard 1, P. Boulanger 1*
NAWAtechnologies - Aix En Provence (France)*email: pascal.boulanger@nawatechnologies.com
1

Amongst the great family of carbon nanotubes and graphene materials, Vertically Aligned
Carbon NanoTubes (VACNT) received particular interest as they gather advantages of carbon
nanotubes plus a specific structure that enhance final properties of any applications . VACNT
array is a perfect Z-axis anisotropic structure for which electrical, thermal as well as mechanicalproperties of Carbon nanoTubes (CNT) are maintained and some other like tortuosity, diffusion,light absorption came from the structure itself. The main roadblock for VACNT was the scalingup of the manufacturing process but recent progresses in the synthesis of VACNT completelychanged VACNT arrays availability for industry and new research areas.This presentation will
review the latest progress made considering VACNT synthesis, with a detailed approach on CVD
processes (one step process with co-injection or 2 steps processes with catalyst predeposition,
their advantages and drawbacks), catalysts materials as well as additives to the growth of
VACNT. VACNT are grown from a substrate and a large review of the substrates will be given
as well to highlight some applications like energy storage [1]. Recipes to grow VACNT will also
be reviewed with the angle of having a lower CO2 footprint (lower temperature, green gas, waste
and recycling) [2]. Some synthesis has limitations leading to thin VACNT arrays, some other canbe unlimited leading to ultra-long VACNT considered as wires or yarns [3]. VACNT also benefit
with all the advantages of post treatment such as functionalization, transfer and other processes tomake "VACNT-composites" made from VACNT and a matrix. The presentation will review allthese "engineering" processes, illustrated with most promising applications. We will highlightfunctionalization for energy applications, biocompatibility for biotechnologies [4], polymer
matrices impregnation for composites applications as well as VACNT transfer on various
secondary substrates to ease their use in new applications.

VACNT add functions to structures
References[1] Growth of VACNT on flexible metal substrates: Advances, challenges, and applications - K. Moyer-Vanderburgh
and al, CARBON 2023
[2] VACNT: Production and applications for environmental sustainability- W Shi, DL Plata, Green Chemistry, 2018
[3] Advanced functional carbon nanotubes fibers from preparation to applications - F. Wang and al, Cell Reports
Physical Science, 2022
[4] VACNT as a Unique Material for Biomedical Applications, A. Kohls et al. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022

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C17
COEFFECTS OF CATALYSTS AND CARBON-SUPPLY CONDITIONS ON
SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE GROWTH
Y. Li 1*
1

College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University - Beijing (China)*email: yanli@pku.edu.cn

Structure-controlled synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is one of themost important research topics in the field. It is known that catalysts play a key role in the
nucleation and growth of nanotubes in chemical vapor deposition. Therefore, the effect of
catalysts on the selective growth of SWCNTs caused much attentions from the very beginning.
Later, theoretical studies showed the importance of growth kinetics, which was echoed by someexperimental evidences. Relying on the statistic study of structures of SWCNTs grown withdifferent catalysts at different conditions and the in-situ study of SWCNTs on catalysts using
high resolution electron microscope, we clarified the co-effects of catalysts and growth
conditions on the selectivity of SWCNT growth. The structure-specified growth of SWCNTs canbe achieved by manipulating the template effect of the catalysts together with the optimization of
kinetic growth condition. We also found the different growth modes of SWCNTs on various
catalysts.

References[1] F. Yang et al., Acc. Chem. Res. 2016, 49, 606–615.
[2] X. Zhao et al., Acc. Chem. Res. 2022, 55, 3334–3344.
[3] F. Yang et al., Sci. Adv. 2022, 8, eabq0794.

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C18
CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF ULTRALONGCARBON NANOTUBES
R. Zhang 1*
Tsinghua University - Beijing (China)*email: zhangrufan@tsinghua.edu.cn

1

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have drawn intensive research interest in the past near 30 years dueto their excellent properties and wide applications. Ultralong CNTs usually have perfectstructures and lengths up to centimeters, even decimeters, showing extraordinary mechanical,
electrical, and thermal properties. Ultralong CNTs are promising candidates for transparent
displays, nanoelectronics, superstrong tethers, aeronautics and aerospace, etc. The controlled
synthesis of ultralong CNTs with perfect structures is the key to fully exploit the extraordinary
properties of CNTs. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the studyof ultralong CNTs, but there are also great challenges in controlled synthesis and mass productionof ultralong CNTs, which limits their application.
In this talk, I will talk three aspects about ultralong CNTs.
(1) The growth mechanism of ultralong CNTs.
(2) The controlled synthesis of ultralong CNTs with ultrahigh yields.
(3) The structural coloration of CNT fibers and their properties.

Controlled Synthesis and Applications of Ultralong Carbon Nanotubes
References[1] Yunxiang Bai, Rufan Zhang*, Fei Wei*, et al., Science, 2020, 369(6507), 1104-1106.
[2] Fengxiang Chen, Rufan Zhang*, et al., Science Advances, 2022, 8(26), eabn5882.
[3] Qinyuan Jiang, Rufan Zhang*, et al., Nano Letters, 2023, 23, 2, 523–532.
[4] Qinyuan Jiang, Rufan Zhang*, et al., Advanced Functional Materials, 2022, 202212665.
[5] Yanlong Zhao, Rufan Zhang*, et al., ACS Nano, 2023, 17, 3, 2893–2900.
[6] Fei Wang, Rufan Zhang*, et al., Cell Reports Physical Science, 2022, 3, 8, 100989.
[7] Qinyuan Jiang, Rufan Zhang*, et al., Advanced Materials, 2022, 34(18), 2107062.
[8] Run Li, Rufan Zhang*, et al., Science Bulletin, 2022, 67(8), 784-787.
[9] Run Li, Rufan Zhang*, et al., Small Methods, 2021, 6(1), 2101333.
[10] Yunxiang Bai, Rufan Zhang*, Xide Li*, Fei Wei*, et al., Nature Nanotechnology, 2018, 13(7), 589-595.

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OS01
NEAR INFRARED IMAGING AND DETECTION OF PATHOGENS WITH
MULTIPLEXED NANOSENSORS
S. Kruss 1*
1

Ruhr-University Bochum - Bochum (Germany)*email: sebastian.kruss@rub.de

Infectious diseases are worldwide a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Fast and specificdetection of pathogens is needed to combat these diseases. Additionally, pathogens affect plant
health and have a huge impact on agriculture. Optimal methods to detect them would be noninvasive and without extensive sample-taking/processing. We developed a set of near infrared(NIR) fluorescent nanosensors and used them for remote fingerprinting of clinically important
bacteria/viruses and to detect pathogen responses in plants [1,2,3]. The nanosensors are based on
single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that fluoresce in the NIR optical tissue transparency
window, which offers ultra-low background and high tissue penetration. To identify bacteria
relevant for humans they were chemically tailored to detect released metabolites as well as
specific virulence factors (lipopolysaccharides, siderophores, DNases, proteases) and integrated
into functional hydrogel arrays with different sensors. These hydrogels are exposed to important
bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli, …) and remote NIR imaging allows to identify
and distinguish them. In another approach, we developed nanosensors that change their spectral
signature in response to polyphenols, which are released by plants when they are exposed toinsects and pathogens. Using these sensors we visualized the plant’s chemical defense remotelyin the NIR. Finally, we show the detection of corona virus proteins using aptamer modified
SWCNTs. In summary, such nanosensors in combination with NIR imaging concepts
demonstrate huge potential for precise monitoring of pathogens.

References[1] R. Nißler, O. Bader, M. Dohmen, S. Walter, C. Noll, G. Selvaggio, U. Groß, S. Kruss, Nat. Commun. 11, 5995
(2020)[2] Robert Nißler, Andrea Müller, Frederike Dohrmann, Larissa Kurth, Han Li, Eric Cosio, Benjamin Flavel, Juan
Giraldo, Axel Mithöfer, Sebastian Kruss, Angewandte Chemie, 60, 2-10, (2022)[3] Justus Tom Metternich, Linda Sistemich, Robert Nißler, Svenja Herbertz, Sebastian Kruss, ChemRxiv 2023.

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OS02
RECENT PROGRESS IN UNDERSTANDING TAILORED CARBON
NANOTUBES AND CONFINED CARBYNE HYBRID SYSTEMS
T. Pichler 1*
1

University of Vienna - Vienna (Austria)*email: thomas.pichler@univie.ac.at

Precise tailoring of the properties of carbon nanotubes yields to completely new properties.
Especially tailoring 1D cylinders by encapsulating 1D chains yields new hybrid structures withnovel properties. In this contribution I will present an overview of recent progress understanding
the fundamental properties of these novel hybrid systems confining carbyne inside carbon
nanotubes by using inelastic scattering as probe (resonance Raman and EELS). Stabilized by theencaging nanotubes allows high yield (stepwise) synthesis [1,2] and specific tailoring by doping
and isotope engineering [3]. This enables tracing nano chemical reactions and unraveling their
growth [4]. These systems also have the biggest resonance Raman cross section so far [5] whichmakes them particularly suitable for sensing application such as truly local contact freetemperature sensors [1,6]. In addition, I will show first results on complementary
nanospectroscopic EELS inside a TEM [7] allow to directly assign the structure & properties ofindividual carbyne@CNT hybrids. This shows the full potential to unravel functional CC@CNT
as individual 1D quantum wires and as a perfect 1D reference system for new local EELS
nanospectroscopy studies inside a TEM as completely new toolbox to directly monitor the
influence of local structure on the vibronic structure, the electronic transport & optical properties.

References[1] L. Shi et al., Nat. Mat., 15, 634 (2016); DOI: 10.1038/NMAT4617[2] L. Shi et al., Nano Lett. 21, 1096 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04482[3] W. Cui et al., Angewandte Chemie 60, 9897 (2021); doi.org/10.1002/anie.202017356[4] W. Cui et al,, Adv. Funct. Mat. 32, 2206491 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202206491[5] C. D. Tschannen et al. Nano Lett. 20, 6750 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02632[6] C.D. Tschannen et al., ACS Nano 15, 12249(2021); https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c03893[7] R. Senga, et al., NanoLett. 18 , 3920 (2018), DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01284
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon
2020 research and innovation program (MORE-TEM ERC-SYN project, grant agreement No 951215)

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OS03
P. Simon *NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

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OS04
NANOELECTRONICS FROM NANOMATERIALS: HOW WE ENABLE
AND HINDER A PROMISING FUTURE
A. Franklin 1*
1

Duke University - Durham (United States)*email: aaron.franklin@duke.edu

When the first carbon nanotube (CNT) transistor was demonstrated in the late 90’s,
enthusiasm for a future of nanomaterial-based electronics grew at an outrageous pace. Within
five years, researchers from nearly every discipline – from electrical engineering to chemistry –were working on advancing transistors from these semiconducting molecules of pure carbon.
This research fervor opened even more broadly with the advent of two-dimensional
semiconductors, such as the transition metal dichalcogenides (e.g., MoS2) and their contrasting
properties compared to CNTs, including large band gap and high effective mass. While thethousands of scientific papers published on nanomaterial-based transistors over the years provide
evidence of the tremendous promise they can bring for future electronics, there are aspects of thisdisciplinarily diverse field that hinder progress. Important questions have emerged without
consistent answers, such as: Does mobility matter for high-performance transistors? How muchcurrent is needed for certain applications? How are the current and corresponding operating
voltage properly measured and reported? What are the foremost limitations to nanomaterial-based
devices? In some ways, the inconsistent perspectives and reports from the research community
have fueled an off/on interest in nanomaterials from industry. In this talk, I’ll provide somehistorical perspective on what brought us to the present moment in nanomaterial-based transistors
and suggest some ways that we can better enable their promising future. Through more consistentbenchmarking and messaging, continued progress can be made, and we can reduce the hindrance
that misinformation may generate. There’s little doubt that a future of nanoelectronics fromnanomaterials is a bright one, we just need to make sure we get there.

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OS05
CVD GRAPHENE: GROWTH FRONTIERS & MASS PRODUCTION
Z. Liu 1*
1

College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University; Beijing Graphene Institute - Beijing (China)*email: zfliu@pku.edu.cn

With 18 years history of graphene materials, there still exist lots of technical challenges
towards graphene industry, including: 1) Low-cost mass production technology; 2) Batch
peeling-transfer technology; 3) Transition from single-layer graphene component to macroscopic
materials with retained intrinsic performances; 4) Dispersing technology into matrix materials; 5)
Irreplaceable killer applications. Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), established in 2018 andcurrently having over 330 employees, aims to solve these challenging issues by paying particularemphasis to mass production of high-quality CVD graphene materials and manufacturing
equipment. BGI is devoted to providing the best graphene materials and related equipment to themarket as well as the graphene-related R&D services to enterprises. The current R&D emphasison CVD graphene materials at BGI is laid on three different directions: 1) high-quality graphenefilms and wafers for general purpose; 2) graphene-skinned materials (GSM); 3) purpose-oriented
graphene materials focusing on thermal managements, optical communications and medical
applications. The star products into market are A3-size graphene films with mm grain boundaries,
4- and 6- inch single crystal graphene wafers, superclean graphene films with best thermal andelectrical performances, graphene-skinned glass & fibers, graphene-skinned aluminum oxidefibers, etc. The graphene-skinned glass fibers have been used for deicing applications withextremely high electrothermal conversion efficiency up to 94%. At BGI, we are also working forthe customized graphene growth depending on the special needs and requests from customers.
There is a great space in this area, which is particularly important before graphene films andwafers find their practical application market in next ten years.

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OS06
AN OVERVIEW OF LUMINESCENCE FROM AND CHARGE
TRANSPORT IN DENSE NETWORKS OF PRISTINE AND
FUNCTIONALIZED SWCNTS
J. Zaumseil 1*
1

Heidelberg University - Heidelberg (Germany)*email: zaumseil@uni-heidelberg.de

Advanced sorting methods have enabled the purification of large amounts of semiconducting
and even monochiral single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that can be integrated indevices with outstanding properties. For example, field-effect transistors based on solutionprocessed random networks of sorted SWCNTs exhibit high charge carrier mobilities and on/off
current ratios that are suitable for a wide range of electronic applications [1]. To further improve
performance, it is important to understand the interplay of various parameters such as nanotube
density, length, diameter distribution, n- and p-doping, intentional and unintentional defects andtheir impact on macroscopic charge transport properties [2]. Furthermore, the narrow nearinfrared emission of SWCNTs in networks is sensitive to their dielectric environment,interactions with each other and with the substrate. It can be tuned by electrochemical andelectrostatic doping leading to red-shifted trion emission [3] and by the controlled introduction of
luminescent sp³-defects [4]. These quantum defects with characteristically red-shifted emission
and long photoluminescence lifetimes, enable higher quantum yields and even single-photon
emission at room temperature. For chiral (6,5) SWCNTs, the type of defect emission (E11* orE11*-) is governed by the precise binding configuration, which depends on the functionalization
chemistry [5]. I will give an overview of the field in general with a focus on recent progress ofunderstanding inter- and intra-nanotube charge transport in random networks of SWCNTs, theiremission properties and the impact of sp³ defects on both of them.

Schematic illustration of parameters affecting charge transport in a network of SWCNTs and impact offunctionalization on luminescence spectra.

References[1] M. Brohmann et al., ACS Nano 2019, 13, 7323-7332.
[2] N.F. Zorn et al., Appl. Phys. Rev. 2021, 8, 041318.
[3] S. Wieland et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 2023, 127, 3112–3122.
[4] J. Zaumseil, Adv. Opt. Mater. 2022, 10, 2101576.
[5] S. Settele et al., Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 2119.

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OS07
WHAT CAN WE LEARN ABOUT CVD AND NANOMATERIAL GROWTHUSING COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES?
A. Page 1*
1

University of Newcastle - Newcastle (Australia)*email: alister.page@newcastle.edu.au

Over the last few decades, catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has matured as asynthetic technique for producing many low-dimensional inorganic nanomaterials, such as carbon
nanotubes, graphene, boron nitrides and transition metal dichalcogenides. van der Waals
heterostructures comprising these 1D and 2D allotropes have also been recently developed.
During this time, computational approaches have played a critical role in developing ourunderstanding how these materials are structured, behave and grow. In this talk, I will summarise
our own recent contributions to this field, and will discuss how molecular dynamics and quantum
chemistry help us understand the chemistry of CVD nanomaterial growth [1,2], nucleation
mechanisms of 1D and 2D inorganic nanomaterials [3] and heterostructure stability [4]. I will
also discuss how machine learning and graph neural networks are emerging as powerfulapproaches for identifying improved heterogeneous catalytic interfaces for CVD nanomaterial
growth [5].

References[1] Eveleens, C., Page, A. J., Nanoscale, 9, 1727-1737 (2017). DOI: 10.1039/C6NR08222J[2] McLean, B., Kauppinen, E.I., Page, A. J. Journal of Applied Physics. 129, 044302 (2021). DOI:
10.1063/5.0030814[3] McLean, et al. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 141, 13385-13393 (2019). DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03484[4] Brown, J. et al., Submitted (2023).
[5] Li, et al. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 12, 7305-7311 (2021). DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01851

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OS08
GROWTH OF 2D MATERIALS ON CURVED SURFACES
Z. Zhuhua 1*, H. Zhili 1
1

Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics - Nanjing (China)*email: chuwazhang@nuaa.edu.cn

Chemical growth of two-dimensional (2D) materials with controlled morphology is critical tobring their tantalizing properties into fruition. The growth usually occurs on a nonideal substrate,
which involves either discrete curved features or continuous undulation, at a scale significantly
larger than the materials thickness. Using a newly developed method based on the Metropolis
algorithm and taking graphene as a prototype, we find that either isolated curved features or
periodical undulations on substrates can cause lattice stress in 2D materials, which interacts withthe growth chemistry and results in a variety of lattice defects in 2D materials. More specifically,as the feature’s size increases by just nanometers, the lattice defects can vary from adatoms,
dislocation pairs, and grain boundary scars to long-range grain boundaries, in contrast to
previously reported defect-free modes of rigid colloidal crystals growing on spheres. On the other
hand, 2D materials growing on periodically undulated substrates with nonzero Gaussian
curvature of practical relevance follow three distinct modes: defect-free conformal, defect-freesuspension and defective conformal modes. The curvature induced stress gradually lifts thematerials from substrate and progressively turns the conformal mode into a suspension mode withincreasing the undulation amplitude. Further enhancing the undulation can trigger Asaro–Tiller–
Grinfield growth instability in the materials, manifested as discretely distributed topologicaldefects due to strong stress concentration. We further rationalize the above results by model
analyses and establish ‘phase diagrams’ for guiding the control of growth morphology anddefects via substrate patterning.

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OS09
TAILORING CARBON NANOTUBE FIBERS FOR WEARABLE SMART
DEVICESJ. Di 1, Q. Li 1*, Q. Zhang 1
1

Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123 (China - Suzhou
And China)*email: qwli2007@sinano.ac.cn

Carbon nanotube fibers are ideal multifunctional electronic materials due to its unique
combination of structural, mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, enabling thempromising candidates for developing intelligent materials and devices in areas of sensing,actuating and computing fields etc.. In my talk, I will introduce our recent research progress inthe strengthening, shaping and functionalization of CNT fibers for wearable smart devices. My
talk includes three aspects: 1) Gas-phase spinning of high-performance CNT fibers and wet
functionalization of CNT fibers with desirable morphology, strength and conductivity;2)Fabrication of CNT fibers for artificial muscles with multifunctionalities and knittability. For
instance, through the construction of a high-twist-pervaded structure, the CNT fiber produced alarge reversible contraction of 62.4% under high load (10000 times the mass of the yarn muscle)
and low driving voltages (<5 V). Interestingly, the fiber can be also fabricated as an artificial
neuromuscular device by multilayered coaxial integration strategy, making it with adaptive
actuation upon environmental change; 3) Fabrication of fiber-shaped self-powered sensing
devices for smart textile. For instance, a fiber-shaped artificial optoelectronic synapse wasconstructed with double-twisted architecture consisting of high-density TiO2-x and MoS2 arrays.
Such a simple structure can emulate both electrical and light-induced synaptic functions such as
excitatory postsynaptic current, short/ long-term plasticity, and ‘‘learning-forgetting-relearning’’
behavior. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, multiple fiber devices were woven into
commercial textiles to form optoelectronic synapse arrays for perception and memory of image
information. Finally, I will show my viewpoints on the future development of CNT fibers andtheir promise in smart textiles and composites.

References
Y.L. Wang, J.T Di, Q.W. Li, et al., Nano Energy 102 (2022) 107609;
L.Z. Dong, J.T. Di , Q.W. Li, Science Advances 8 (2022) 7033;
M. Ren, J.T. Di, Q.W. Li, ACS Nano 16 (2022) 15850−15861;
Q. Gong, Q.W. Li, J. Zhang, Advanced Functional Materials 32 (2022) 2107360.

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OS10
EVIDENCE AND ANALYSIS OF DISCONTINUOUS THERMODYNAMIC
PROPERTIES UNDER EXTREME ONE DIMENSIONAL CONFINEMENT– THE CENTER FOR ENHANCED NANOFLUIDIC TRANSPORT (CENT)
M. Strano 1*
1

Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Cambridge (United States)*email: strano@mit.edu

Not all nanopores are created equal. By definition, all have characteristic diameters or conduit
widths between approximately 1 and 100 nm. However, the narrowest of such pores, perhaps best
called Single Digit Nanopores (SDNs), defined as those with less than 10 nm diameters, have
only recently been accessible experimentally for precision transport measurements. To address
the challenges of bridging the deficiencies of theory and experiment for fluids confined within
the most extreme conduits, we have formed the Center for Enhanced Nanofluidic Transport(CENT). This talk will outline some of the major successes of this collaboration inunderstanding the thermodynamics and transport through SDN systems. In one recent advance,
highlighted in this presentation, we develop a platform based on Raman spectroscopy and ultralong carbon nanotubes with diameters less than 3 nm suspended over electron microscopy
windows to identify and study new types of vibrational coupling to the CNT environment.
Electron diffraction assigned Double Walled Carbon Nanotubes (DWNT) suspended across with
20 μm slit on 1,500 μm transmission electron microscopy (TEM) windows are used to probe in
vacuum an enormous 10 to 15% Radial Breathing Mode (RBM) downshift shift with increasing
temperature that is both reversible and robust over dozens of cycles. A new analysis based on aharmonic oscillator model is able to assign the hyperbolic trajectory to a reversible increase indamping, generating a shift that is the reverse of prior expectations. The environmental source ofthe coupling is assigned to graphitic ribbons shown by TEM to decorate the surface up to an axial
coverage of 60%. A linear, strain-dependent coupling of the ribbon fragments driven by thermal
expansion of the supporting nanotube describes the distinctive cusp that appears throughout the
91 temperature scans of 3 distinct DWNTs. We find that each connection of the fragments with
the DWNT surface keeps the ratio of spring to damping frequencies constant, producing aremarkable saturation of the RBM frequency in the low-tension limit. The high fidelity of theoscillatory model shows that the RBM has negligible intrinsic temperature dependence and that
evidence for impurity-induced damping as a confounding variable is commonly present inexperiments previously thought to be on pristine systems. Overall, these findings significantly
increase our understanding of the environmental coupling of 1D nano-mechanical systems,
providing the basis for new technological applications and improved spectral analysis. This
platform sets forth a new and reliable approach for studying the environmental coupling of the
CNT to phases of interest for study, with future work demonstrating its utility for investigating
fluids in single digit nanopores under extreme confinement. CENT is organized around criticalgaps in our understanding of nanoscale hydrodynamics, molecular sieving, fluidic structure, andthermodynamics. These knowledge gaps are, in turn, an opportunity to discover and understandfundamentally new mechanisms of molecular and ionic transport that may inspire novel
membranes for separations, new gas-permeable materials and energy storage devices.

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OS11
CLASSIFICATION OF 2D CARBON ALLOTROPES
V. Meunier 1,*, L. Macmillan 1, E. Costa Girão 2
1

The Pennsylvania State University - State College, Pa (United States)
2
Universidade Federal do Piauí - Piauí (Brazil)*email: vincent.meunier@psu.edu

A unified taxonomy for sp2 nanocarbon allotropes in two dimensions (2D) is proposed where
structures are assigned a unique symbol associated with the geometry of each allotrope.[1] The
naming scheme will be demonstrated for all the structures described in the literature and is further
illustrated for a number of other topology-allowed carbon sp2 systems. The symbol is easy to use
and gives a direct access to geometrical features such as the number of polygons and theirarrangement. It facilitates the classification of structures reported in the literature, where manysuch structures are found to have been assigned a name based on each author's somewhat
arbitrary choice. The naming scheme can be applied to 1D systems and has the potential to be
expanded to mixed sp2-sp3 carbon system as well as non-carbon nanostructures in 2D. In this talk,I will also present a search algorithm for 2D structures and show why not all structures obeying
Euler criteria are acceptable solutions.

Example of the application of the proposed naming scheme where polygon counts and lattice symmetries are used.

References[1] Classification of sp2-bonded carbon allotropes in two dimensions, EC Girão, A Macmillan, V Meunier, Carbon
203, 611-619 (2023)

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OS12
CARBON NANOTUBE TRANSISTORS PROGRESS TOWARDSINTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE CMOS LOGIC
G. Zeevi 1*, S. Mitra 1, H.S.P. Wong 1
Stanford uni (United States)*email: giladz21@stanford.edu
1This talk will present the latest advances in the field of high-performance carbon nanotube
field effect transistors (CNFETs). CNFETs may extend the scaling of digital systems beyond thelimits of traditional Si CMOS to deliver logic density, speed, and energy benefits. Additionally,
the low temperature of CNFET fabrication enables new monolithic 3D architectures with highspeed and low-energy logic in the back-end-of-line, enabling ultra-dense 3D interconnectivity
between logic and memory for large benefits in computing energy efficiency and throughput.
Many fundamental building blocks as well as complex digital logic systems have been
demonstrated using CNFETs. Moreover, the CNFET technology started its transition from theacademia into multiple commercial manufacturing facilities (at relaxed nodes), demonstratingprocess compatibility with existing fab manufacturing equipment and flows.
Over the last few years there have been major advances in the synthesis and sorting of singlewalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), along with improved miniaturization of CNFET components.
These include solutions of highly enriched semiconducting CNTs enabling better control over theband gap, assembly of dense aligned CNTs, gate-stack, doping and low contact resistance forboth p-type and n-type CNFETs. We will share our perspectives on the remaining challenges forthe realization of high-performance highly-scaled CNFET CMOS systems.
Acknowledgments: This work is supported in part by the US Department of Defense, DARPA
and the Stanford SystemX Alliance. Our work is performed in collaboration with the Corporate
Research team at TSMC.

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IS01
FLUORESCENCE MODULATION OF DNA FUNCTIONALIZED SINGLE
WALL CARBON NANOTUBES BY CATECHOL-BEARING MOLECULES
A. Krasley 1, C. Bulumulla 1, A. Beyene 1*
HHMI - Ashburn ((United States)*email: beyenea@janelia.hhmi.org
1

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have several photophysical properties that makethem attractive for imaging in biology. Small diameter (~1 nm) SWCNTs fluoresce in the nearinfrared (NIR) region of the spectrum (900 – 1300 nm), which can facilitate imaging in opticallychallenging biological specimens. SWCNTs exhibit superior photostability and are considered to
be non-photobleaching on time scales of interest to biological imaging. Furthermore, SWCNT
fluorescence can be selectively sensitized to the local chemical environment, which has served asa basis for the synthesis and application of optical biosensors for a variety of biologicallyimportant molecules including metabolites, signaling molecules, proteins, and oligonucleotides.
One class of optical biosensors that have been particularly successful in our research includes(GT)N oligonucleotide functionalized SWCNTs that exhibit exquisite fluorescence turn-on
response to compounds that contain catechol-like motifs, including some of the mostneurotransmitters in the brain. In this work, we offer new insights into the mechanism ofmolecular recognition and fluorescence modulation of this sensor class by catechol-likecompounds. We carried out a fragment-based structure activity relationship to establish how thestructural and electronic properties of these compounds correlated with their ability to modulate
SWCNT-fluorescence. This helped us establish a spectrum of substrate functionalities that aredetectable by this sensor class. Intriguingly, our experiments revealed that solution phasefluorescence turn-on events are critically influenced by factors that are not intrinsic to theanalytes, such as solution pH. We will discuss the pH dependence of fluorescence turn-on eventsand establish structural and electronic correlates for these dependencies. As a results of these
explorations, we have been able to achieve an improved understanding of sensor dynamics andsensing mechanism. We expect that the insights gleaned from this work will contribute to thebody of knowledge that underpins SWCNT-based optical sensors. Finally, we will discuss new
developments from our lab regarding the biological applications of this class of biosensors,
including our continued efforts to leverage the flexibility of the nanosensor to study aspects ofcatecholamine neurochemistry that elude conventional methods of inquiry.

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IS02
OXYGEN-DOPED CARBON NANOTUBES FOR NEAR-INFRAREDIMAGING PROBES
T. Okazaki 1*
1

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology - Tsukuba (Japan)*email: toshi.okazaki@aist.go.jp

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) emit fluorescence in the near-infrared (NIR) region,
which is highly transparent for biomaterials. Because the fluorescence quantum yield of CNTs
can be increased by modest chemical functionalization, bio-imaging applications offunctionalized CNTs are especially interesting. In this presentation, we report the synthesis of
epoxide-type oxygen-doped CNTs (Ep-CNTs) and their application as near-infrared fluorescentprobes. Treated (6, 5) nanotubes show photoluminescence at ~1280 nm, which corresponds to themost transparent regions for biomaterials. Immunoassays and fluorescence vascular angiographyof mice are demonstrated by using the Ep-CNTs as infrared fluorescent labels and imaging
agents, respectively. From a practical point of view, the biodistribution of the Ep-CNT imaging
probe after administration to mice is also investigated.

References[1] Y. Iizumi, M. Yudasaka, J. Kim, H. Sakakita, T. Takeuchi, T. Okazaki, Oxygen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes for
Near-Infrared Fluorescent Labels and Imaging Probes. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 6272.
[2] T. Takeuchi, Y. Iizumi, M. Yudasaka, S. Kondoh, T. Okazaki, T. Characterization and Biodistribution Analysisof Oxygen-Doped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Used as in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging Probes. Bioconjug.
Chem. 2019, 30, 1323−1330.
[3] K. Kojima, Y. Iizumi, M. Zhang, T. Okazaki, Streptavidin-Conjugated Oxygen-Doped Single-Walled Carbon
Nanotubes as Near-Infrared Labels for Immunoassays. Langmuir 2022, 38, 1509-1513.

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IS03
EXCITONS IN MOIRÉ HETEROSTRUCTURES
A. Högele 1*
LMU Munich (Germany)*email: alexander.hoegele@lmu.de1

Van der Waals crystals of two-dimensional semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides
have evolved as an increasingly significant material platform in condensed matter research. With
access to a variety of single-crystal monolayers, a wide range of van der Waals heterostructures
can be assembled into rationally designed vertical stacks with emergent flat bands of correlated
electrons and tailored optical properties of strongly bound excitons. In my talk, I will present ourrecent insight into the roles of layer constituents, atomic registry and twist angle for the formationof excitons with distinct spin-valley degrees of freedom and layer character in MoSe2-WS2
heterobilayers with canonical moiré superlattices [1] and MoSe2-WSe2 heterostacks subject tomesoscopic lattice reconstruction [2,3].

References[1] B. Polovnikov, J. Scherzer, S. Misra, X. Huang, C. Mohl, Z. Li, J. Göser, J. Förste, I. Bilgin, K. Watanabe, T.
Taniguchi, A. S. Baimuratov, and A. Högele, Coulomb-correlated states of moiré excitons and elementary charges
on a semiconductor moiré lattice at integer and fractional fillings, arXiv:2208.04056 (2022).
[2] S. Zhao, Z. Li, A. Rupp, J. Göser, I. A. Vovk, S. Yu. Kruchinin, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, I. Bilgin, A. S.
Baimuratov, and A. Högele, Excitons in mesoscopically reconstructed moiré heterostructures,https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-023-01356-9, Nature Nanotechnology (2023).
[3] Z. Li, F. Tabataba-Vakili, S. Zhao, A. Rupp, I. Bilgin, Z. Herdegen, B. März, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, G.
Schleder, A. S. Baimuratov, E. Kaxiras, K. Müller-Caspary, and A. Högele, Lattice reconstruction in MoSe2-WSe2
heterobilayers synthesized by chemical vapor deposition, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05094, Nano Letters(2023).

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IS04
TUNING OF OPTO-ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES INTO SINGLEWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES BY CHROMOPHORE
ENCAPSULATION
R.S. Alencar 1, N. Izard 2, B. Jousselme 3, S. Campidelli 3, T. Saito 4, Y. Sato 4, K. Suenaga 5,
P. Hermet 6, A. San Miguel 7, J.L. Bantignies 2, L. Alvarez 2,*
1
Universidade Federal do Pará - Belem (Brazil)
L2C, University of Montpellier - Montpellier (France)
3
LICSEN, CEA-Saclay - Paris-Saclay (France)
4
Nanomaterials Research Institute - Tsukuba (Japan)
5
Osaka University - Osaka (Japan)
6
ICGM, University of Montpellier - Montpellier (France)
7
ILM, University of Lyon 1 - Lyon (France)*email: laurent.alvarez@umontpellier.fr
2

Chromophore are encapsulated into host single-walled carbon nanotubes to create hybridnano-systems with tunable optical and electronic properties. The interplay between the confinedmolecules and the host nanotube is a key factor1,2.
From Raman spectroscopy and G-band shift measurements, a significant charge transfer from theconfined dye to the nanotube is evidenced. A photo-activated electron transfer is also inferred forsmall diameter (~9 Å) semiconducting and metallic tubes.3 The key parameters that govern the
charge transfer are the nanotube diameter and the electron donor or acceptor character of themolecules. The resonance Raman intensities of the confined molecules are strongly affected byapplying an external pressure.4
Furthermore, photoluminescence intensities of nanotubes are either significantly enhanced or
quenched depending on the electron donor or acceptor character of the molecules.5 Indeed, theelectron (hole) transfer up (down)-shifts the Fermi level of the nanotubes, modulating theradiative de-excitation efficiency.
Therefore, molecule confinement into nanotubes is an interesting strategy for the engineering of
new opto-electronic devices.

References[1] L. Alvarez et al, J. Phys. Chem. C, 119, (2015), 5203−5210[2] Y. Almadori et al, J. Phys. Chem. C; 118, (2014), 19462−19468[3] Y. Almadori et al, Carbon 149, (2019), pp. 772-780[4] R.S. Alencar et al, Carbon 173 (2021) 163-173[5] R. Chambard et al, Carbon, 186, (2022), 423-430

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IS05
CONTROL OF THE EXCITON AND SPIN/VALLEY PROPERTIES INATOMICALLY THIN TRANSITION METAL DICHALCOGENIDES
X. Marie 1*
1

LPCNO - INSA - Toulouse (France)*email: marie@insa-toulouse.fr

In this talk I will first recall briefly the general properties of 2D excitons in Transition Metal
Dichalcogenides (TMD) monolayers : giant binding energy, oscillator strength, exchangeinteractions, spin/valley locking ...[1].
Encapsulation of TMD monolayers in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) yields narrow opticaltransitions approaching the homogeneous exciton linewidth [2,3]. We have demonstrated that theexciton radiative rate in these van der Waals heterostructures can be tailored by a simple changeof the hBN encapsulation layer thickness as a consequence of the Purcell effect [4].
We also measured the exciton fine structure by magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy inmagnetic fields up to 30 T [5,6]. I will show that the bright-dark exciton splitting can be tuned bya few meV, as a result of a significant Lamb shift of the optically active exciton which arises
from emission and absorption of virtual photons triggered by the vacuum fluctuations of theelectromagnetic field [7] .
Finally I will present recent experimental results on spin/valley pumping of resident electrons in
WSe2 and WS2 monolayers [8]. Using a spatially-resolved optical pump-probe experiment, wemeasure the lateral transport of spin/valley polarized electrons over very long distances (tens of
micrometers) [9]. These results highlight the key role played by the spin-valley locking effect in
TMD monolayers on the pumping efficiency and the polarized electron transport.

References[1] G. Wang et al, Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 021001 (2018)[2] F. Cadiz et al, Phys. Rev. X 7, 021026 (2017)[3] G. Wang et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 047401 (2017)[4] H. Fang et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 067401 (2019)[5] C. Robert et al, Phys. Rev. Lett . 126, 067403 (2021)[6] C. Robert et al, Nature Com. 11, 4037 (2020)[7] L. Ren et al, Arxiv 2303.17880 (2023)[8] C. Robert et al, Nature Com. 12, 5455 (2021)[9] C. Robert et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 027402 (2022

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IS06
ATOMIC SCALE CHEMICAL ORDERING IN FRANCKEITE—A
NATURAL VAN DER WAALS SUPERLATTICE
A.M. Aygar 1, H. Zschiesche 2, G. Botton 3, T. Szkopek 4,*
McGill University - Montreal (Canada)
Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces - Potsdam (Germany)
3
McMaster University - Hamilton (Canada)
4
McGill University - Montreal, Canada (Canada)*email: thomas.szkopek@mcgill.ca
12Franckeite is a naturally occurring sulfosalt mineral with a van der Waals superlattice
structure, found in Bolivia and first described by Stelzner[1]. This van der Waals heterostructure
is composed of alternating incommensurate 2D layers, namely the H-layer (PbS) and Q-layer(SnS2). Franckeite has attracted attention recently due to its semiconducting properties and thepossibility for exfoliation of flakes[2,3]. An extensive review on preceding characterization is
given in the work of Makovicky[4], including a detailed description of the atomic site modulation
caused by the incommensurate structure.
Here we present several new experimental observations of franckeite, including atomic structure
measurement using state-of-the-art high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) scanningtransmission electron microscopy (STEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). With atomicnumber image contrast in HAADF STEM (Fig1) direct information about both the geometricstructure and its chemistry is provided, including several new chemical ordering effects. Notably,
these chemical ordering effects have yet to be taken into account in electronic structure
calculations of franckeite. We also present further physical characterization of exfoliatedfranckeite, including the measurement of optical absorption edge by optical reflectometry, Raman
spectroscopy, spatially resolved X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and measurement of room
temperature Seebeck coefficient.

Figure 1. HAADF STEM images a) along and c) perpendicular to modulation direction, with projected atom
columns in both H-layer and Q-layer. b) Resolving atom columns only in the four atomic layer thick Q-layer. d) ande) Resolving atom columns only in the H-layer. Scale bar the same for all images (bottom left). Insets show template
averaged images of the projected H-layer (scale bar does not apply). HAADF-STEM images of franckeite:
atomically resolved Q-layer, H-layer and van der Waals gaps are distinguishable. (a) In the [100] viewing direction,
the displacive modulation is visible. (b) In [010], the modulation is averaged along the projection leading to a
blurring of the atomic columns when the sample thickness is in the order of, or larger than, the modulation
wavelength.
References[1] A W Stelzner, Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, 44(1892), p.114-124.
[2] A J Molina-Mendoza, et al., Nat Commun, 8(2017),14409.
[3] M Velický, et al., Nat Commun, 8(2017),14410.
[4] E Makovicky, et al., Am Min, 96(2011) p.1686–1702.

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IS07
CHEMICALLY MODIFIED GRAPHENE FOR ARTIFICAL MUSCLEFIBERS & SINGLE ATOM CATALYSTS.O. Kim 1*
1

KAIST - Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)*email: sangouk.kim@kaist.ac.kr

Graphene Oxide Liquid Crystal (GOLC) is an intriguing 2D carbon based soft material, which
exhibits nematic type colloidal discotic liquid crystallinity with the orientational ordering ofgraphene oxide flakes in good solvents, including water. Since our first discovery of GOLC in
aqueous dispersion at 2009, this interesting mesophase has been utilized over world-wide formany different application fields, such as liquid crystalline graphene fiber spinning, highlyordered graphene membrane/film production, prototype liquid crystal display and so on.
Interestingly, GOLC also allow us a valuable opportunity for the highly ordered molecular scaleassembly of functional nanoscale structures. This presentation will introduce our current status of
GOLC research particularly focusing on the nanoscale assembly of functional nanostructures,
including highly oriented 1D fibers, 2D films and 3D nanoporous structures. In particular, humanmuscle inspired graphene based nanocomposite fiber actuators will be highlighted along with its
interesting demonstration for biomimetic behaviors. Besides, relevant research works associatedto the nanoscale assembly and chemical modification of various low dimensional materials,
including 2D TMDs and MXene, will be presented particularly aiming at energy andenvironmental applications. In the last part of presentation, our first discovery of single atom
catalyst will be introduced also, including other relevant research efforts exploiting thecustomized heteroelement doping of graphene based structures.

References[1] G. H. Jeong, S. P. Sasikala, T. Y. Yun, G. Y. Lee, W. J. Lee*(, S. O. Kim* "Nanoscale Assembly of 2D Materials
for Energy and Environmental Applications" Advanced Materials 32, 35, 190706, 2020.
[2] I. H. Kim, S. Choi, J. E. Lee, J. Y. Jung, J. W. Yeo, J. T. Kim, S. H. Ryu, S. K. Ahn, J. H. Kang, P. Poulin & S.
O. Kim* "Human-muscle-inspired single fibre actuator with reversible percolation" Nature Nanotechnology 17,
1198, 2022.
[3] I. H. Kim, J. W. Lim, S. O. Kim* "Discovery of Single-Atom Catalyst: Customized Heteroelement Dopants on
Graphene" ACS Accounts of Materials Research 2, 6, 394, 2021.

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IS08
CARBON-BASED METAL-FREE ELECTROCATALYSIS FOR CLEAN
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION
L. Dai 1*
1

University of New South Wales - Sydney (Australia)*email: l.dai@unsw.edu.au

Since our discovery of the first carbon-based metal-free electrocatalyst (C-MFEC, i.e., Ndoped carbon nanotubes) for oxygen reduction in fuel cells in 2009, the field of C-MFEC hasgrown enormously. C-MFECs, as alternatives to noble metal-based electrocatalysts, have been
widely demonstrated for efficient oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution,
carbon dioxide reduction, nitrogen reduction, and many other electrocatalytic reactions. Recent
worldwide research effort has shown great potential for applications of C-MFECs in fuel cells forclean energy conversion, metal-air batteries for energy storage, water splitting for hydrogen fuelgeneration, and other electrochemical processes for value-added chemical production. Further
research and development of C-MFECs could revolutionize clean energy and environmental
remediation technologies. In this talk, I will summarize some of our work on the development of
C-MFECs for clean energy and environmental remediation, along with an overview on recent
advances, current challenges, and future perspectives in this exciting field.

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IS09
CARBON NANOTUBE PHOTODETECTORS FOR HIGH-SPEEDOPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS
W. Wu 1*, S. Wang 1
1Peking University - Beijing (China)*email: wfwucc@pku.edu.cn

The future interconnect links in intra- and inter-chip require the photodetector with highbandwidth, ultra-wide waveband, compact footprint, low-cost, and compatible integration processwith silicon complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Here, we
demonstrate a CMOS-compatible carbon nanotube (CNT) photodetector that exhibits highresponsivity, high bandwidth and broad spectral operation over all optical telecommunication
band based on high-purity CNT arrays asymmetrically contacted by palladium and hafnium
electrodes. The ultrafast CNT photodetector on silicon substrate with the active area of 100 µm2
has a high responsivity of 1.5 A/W and bandwidth of 22.1 GHz at 1.55 µm wavelength. It shows
clear open eye diagrams with 40 Gbit/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) on-off-keying (OOK) signals
and the bit error rate (BER) is about 5.2×10-3 under 100 Gbit/s Nyquist-shaped OOK datatransmission with digital signal processing (DSP), which can address the demand for high-speed
optical interconnects in and between data centers. For CNT photodetector, the bandwidth isclosely related to device capacitance. Therefore, we first improve the bandwidth of the CNT
photodetector by scaling down the device area to reduce device capacitance. The CNT
photodetector exhibits a bandwidth of 64 GHz by scaling down the active area to 20 μm2 and thedevice capacitance is decreased to 33 fF. In addition, we further fabricate the photodetector onquartz substrate in order to reduce parasitic capacitance between device and substrate. The CNT
photodetector on quartz substrate has a smaller capacitance of 12 fF and exhibits a setup-limited
3 dB bandwidth over 67 GHz even at zero bias at 1.55 μm. Our work indicates that CNT
photodetector has great potential for future high-speed optical communication at 1.55 μm bandwith high performance and low cost. As the CNT photodetectors are fabricated by doping-freeprocess, it also provides a cost-effective solution to integrate CNT photonic devices with CNTbased CMOS integrated circuits, paving a way for future CNT-based high-speed opticalinterconnects and optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs).

Bandwidth of the ultrafast CNT photodetector. Structure and bandwidth of the ultrafast CNT Photodetector

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IS10
CARBON NANOTUBE BASED FLEXIBLE INTEGRATED FLASHMEMORY ARRAY FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL INFORMATION STORAGE
L. Xiang 1, Y. Wang 1, F. Xia 1, Y. Hu 1*
1Peking University - Beijing (China)*email: youfanhu@pku.edu.cn

In general, there is a conflict between low program/erase voltages and a long retention
capability in flash memories. Here, by using a stacked heterogeneous structure that combines
different dielectrics with different relative dielectric constants and different thicknesses, flash
memories based on CNT thin film on an ultrathin substrate have been demonstrated with a longretention time (projected to be approximately 108 s), low program/erase voltages (±2 V), andgood endurance (projected to be over 106 cycles), simultaneously. An integrated flexible flash
memory array of 24 bit by 16 bit has been further constructed and integrated with flexible sensors
and sensor interface circuits to realize physiological information acquisition, processing, andstorage from the human body surface .

References
L. Xiang, Y. Wang, F. Xia, F. Liu, D. He, G. Long, X. Zeng, X. Liang, C. Jin, Y. Wang, A. Pan, L.-M. Peng, Y.
Hu*, “An Epidermal Electronic System for Physiological Information Acquisition, Processing and Storage with an
Integrated Flash Memory Array”, Science Advances, 8, eabp8075 (2022).

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IS11
NANOMATERIAL-BASED FLEXIBLE SENSOR SYSTEM
K. Takei 1*
1

Hokkaido University - Sapporo (Japan)*email: takei@ist.hokudai.ac.jp

Human interaction is of great interests for a next class of human society to realize convenient,
comfortable, and safe life. One of the approaches is a flexible sensor system with a feedback
function, which is human friendly when it contacts to human due to mechanically flexible andsoft body. In fact, multiple flexible sensor systems have been reported by using different types offlexible and/or stretchable materials. The challenge for the practical application is to integratesensors onto such flexible films without sacrificing mechanical softness and flexibility. For thischallenge, several approaches to embed or attach the flexible and/or stretchable sensors havebeen reported from some groups including our group [1,2]. In this talk, multimodal flexible
sensors as an electronic skin (e-skin) for IoT applications including wearable devices are
discussed as our approaches to integrate the sensor and feedback functions [3,4]. After
introducing some flexible and printed sensors using nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon
nanotubes, machine learning technique to analyze the datasets obtained from the flexible sensors
are discussed briefly.

References[1] Luo, Y. et al. Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors. ACS Nano 17, 5211-5295 (2023).
[2] Xu, K., Lu, Y. & Takei, K. Flexible Hybrid Sensor Systems with Feedback Functions. Adv. Funct. Mater. 31,
2007436 (2021).
[3] Xu, K. et al. A Wearable Body Condition Sensor System with Wireless Feedback Alarm Functions. Adv. Mater.
33, e2008701 (2021).
[4] Wakabayashi, S., Arie, T., Akita, S., Nakajima, K. & Takei, K. A Multitasking Flexible Sensor via Reservoir
Computing. Adv. Mater. 34, 2201663 (2022).

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IS12
CARBON NANOTUBE SELF-ASSEMBLY
A. Boies 1*, M. Qiao 1, X. Qiu 1
1

Cambridge Engineering - Cambridge (United Kingdom)*email: amb233@cam.ac.uk

This presentation presents the development of methods to measure and understand the selfassembly of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into bundles, aerogels and larger materials produced froma floating catalyst CVD process. CNTs individually exhibit exceptional physical properties,
surpassing state-of-the-art bulk materials, but are used commercially primarily as additives rather
than as a standalone macroscopic product. This limited use of bulk CNT materials is a result of
the inability to harness the remarkable nanoscale properties of individual CNTs into macroscopic
materials. CNT self-assembly for the purposes of large-scale synthesis has enables a pathway forlarge-scale materials production. Here, we report the development of a new framework formodelling the onset of CNT self-assembly by identifying the nucleation of 3D structures that are
distinct from 1-D bundles of agglomerating and “coalescing” CNTs. This work employs mesoscale models to predict 1) the gas-phase collisions of CNTs, 2) the lowering of surface energy via
bundling, 3) the nucleation of a 3D cluster and 4) the expansion of the cluster to a large-scale
aerogel. The work is supported by new experimental measurements of the catalyst particle
density and CNT growth rates. These new measurements show that the FC-CVD production of
CNTs results in among the fastest growth rates ever measured for CNT production, whether
substrate, fluidized bed or floating catalyst based. The presentation will also include expansion of
the use of electric fields to align CNTs for better properties of as-produced materials prior to post
treatment methods.

CNT Aerogel. Figure 1: Probability schematic of timescale between successive bundling collisions and pathway for
nucleation of larger-scale structures.

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IS13
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF “BOTTOM-UP” GRAPHENE
QUANTUM DOTS (GQDS)
D. Medina-Lopez 1, T. Liu 2, L. Rondin 2, D. Beljonne 3, J.S. Lauret 2, S. Campidelli 1,*
1

CEA Paris-Saclay - Gif-Sur-Yvette (France)
ENS Paris-Saclay - Gif-Sur-Yvette (France)
3
Université de Mons - Mons (Belgium)*email: stephane.campidelli@cea.fr

2

Despite its outstanding electronic, optical and mechanical properties, the use of graphene forreal-world applications is severely limited because of its semi-metallic character. It is well known
that when a material is reduced to nanoscale dimensions, the electronic confinement induces
original size-dependent properties. For the last decade, a great attention has been paid to the size
reduction of graphene using conventional “top-down” approaches (lithography and etching,thermal treatments and oxidation of bulk materials) to fabricate graphene quantum dots
(GQDs)[1] or graphene nanoribbons (GNRs).[2] However, the “top-down” approaches do notallow a sufficient control of the structure of the material and of the oxidation state of the edges,
which drastically affect the properties. In order to truly control, with the required level ofprecision, the morphology and the composition of the materials and of its edges, the bottom-up
approach is the relevant way to proceed.[3,4] Here, I’ll present the “bottom-up” synthesis ofgraphene quantum dots and the first investigation of the photoluminescence (PL) properties of at
the single molecular-scale. The GQDs exhibited emission of single photons at room temperature
with high brightness and purity.[5-7] Beyond this first demonstration, our interest deals with thestudy of the structure-property relationship in GQDs and how the size, the symmetry of theparticles will permit to tune the emission properties and finally be able to perform reverse
engineering to design GQD with tailor-made properties.[8]References[1] Bacon, M.; Bradley, S. J.; Nann, T. Graphene Quantum Dots. Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 2014, 31, 415-428.
[2] Xu, W.; Lee, T.-W. Recent progress in fabrication techniques ofgraphene nanoribbons. Mater. Horiz. 2016, 3,
186-207.
[3] Wu, J.; Pisula, W.; Müllen, K. Graphenes as Potential Material for Electronics. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 718-747.
[4] Narita, A.; Wang, X. Y.; Feng, X.; Müllen, K. New advances in nanographene chemistry. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015,
44, 6616-6643.
[5] Zhao, S.; Lavie, J.; Rondin, L.; Orcin-Chaix, L.; Diederichs, C.; Roussignol, P.; Chassagneux, Y.; Voisin, C.;
Müllen, K.; Narita, A.; Campidelli, S.; Lauret, J.-S. Single photon emission from graphene quantum dots at room
temperature. Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 3470.
[6] Liu, T.; Tonnelé, C.; Zhao, S.; Rondin, L.; Elias, C.; Medina-Lopez, D.; Okuno, H.; Narita, A.; Chassagneux, Y.;
Voisin, C.; Campidelli, S.; Beljonne, D.; Lauret, J.-S. Vibronic effect and influence of aggregation on thephotophysics of graphene quantum dots. Nanoscale 2022, 14, 3826-3833.
[7] Liu, T.; Carles, B.; Elias, C.; Tonnelé, C.; Medina-Lopez, D.; Narita, A.; Chassagneux, Y.; Voisin, C.; Beljonne,
D.; Campidelli, S.; Rondin, L.; Lauret, J.-S. Vibronic fingerprints in the luminescence of graphene quantum dots at
cryogenic temperature. J. Chem. Phys. 2022, 156, 104302.
[8] Medina-Lopez, D. et al. submitted.

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IS14
HOST-GUEST ASSEMBLY OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON
NANOTUBES WITH WELL-DEFINED METAL CLUSTERS
F. Yang 1*
1

Southern University of Science and Technology - Shenzhen (China)*email: yangf3@sustech.edu.cn

Manipulating the strong van der Waals intertube interactions between the single-walledcarbon nanotubes (SWCNT) bundles and modulating the electronic properties of their surface are
key steps for harnessing the extraordinary properties of SWCNTs1. The inner surface of
SWCNTs has a more suitable curvature, larger contacting area than the outer-surface, which isparticularly attractive in host-guest chemistry triggered by electron transfer. There exists a perfectsize match between SWCNT cavity and polyoxometalate clusters. The redox polyoxometalates
encapsulated in SWCNT cavities could adjust the electronic state of nanotubes via electrontransfer. Here we reported a strategy of host-guest molecular interaction between SWCNTs andinner redox polyoxometalate clusters with designed size (Figure 1), thus selectively separated
SWCNTs with semiconducting2, metallic, and single-chirality3. The polyoxometalates withdesignable size and redox property enable the flexible regulation of interaction between the
nanotubes and the clusters, thus tuning the structure of sorted SWCNTs. Besides, the metal
nanoclusters with well-defined structures also enabled the flexible modulation the surface
electronic structure of SWCNTs, which facilitated the heterogeneous catalysis by the localized
electronic effect.

Encapsulation of polyoxometalate clusters in SWCNTs.
References[1] Yang, F.; Wang, M.; Zhang, D.; Yang, J.; Zheng, M.; Li, Y., Chirality Pure Carbon Nanotubes: Growth, Sorting,and Characterization. Chem. Rev. 2020, 120, 2693–2758.
[2] Yang, X.; Liu, T.; Li, R.; Yang, X.; Lyu, M.; Fang, L.; Zhang, L.; Wang, K.; Zhu, A.; Zhang, L.; Qiu, C.; Zhang,
Y.-Z.; Wang, X.; Peng, L.-M.; Yang, F.; Li, Y., Host-Guest Molecular Interaction Enabled Separation of LargeDiameter Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 10120–10130.
[3] Yang, X.; Zhu, C.; Zeng, L.; Xue, W.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, L.; Zhao, K.; Lyu, M.; Wang, L.; Zhang, Y.-Z.; Wang,
X.; Li, Y.; Yang, F., Polyoxometalate Steric Hindrance Driven Chirality-Selective Separation of Subnanometer
Carbon Nanotubes. Chem. Sci. 2022, 13, 5920–5928.

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IS15
SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF GRAPHENE FIELD-EFFECT
TRANSISTORS FOR BIOANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS
D. Bouilly 1*
1

Université de Montréal - Montreal (Canada)*email: delphine.bouilly@umontreal.ca

Graphene, with its atomically-thin 2D dimensionality, presents a remarkably high electricalconductance which is also particularly sensitive to small changes in the distribution of charged
species near its surface. Taking advantage of this property, graphene field-effect transistors(GFETs) are increasingly used as bioanalytical nanosensors, i.e. for the detection or quantitationof various types of biologically-relevant molecular analytes, such as nucleic acids, proteins, ionsor small molecules. By analyzing data from published literature on GFET bioanalytical sensors,
we have recently shown that reported detection metrics vary enormously between studies, andargued that this variance is mainly driven by disparities in the bio-recognition interface [1].
Indeed, the selectivity of GFET sensors must be engineered, typically by functionalizing thegraphene surface with biological molecules having a specific affinity for the chosen analyte (e.g.,
antibodies to capture the corresponding antigen, or single-stranded DNA to capture its
complementary sequence). Yet, the coverage, orientation, stability, and interactions between
immobilized probes, blocking species and captured analytes are often not well known orcontrolled. In this presentation, I will discuss our current efforts to understand and regulate thesurface functionalization of graphene field-effect transistors. Using electrical measurements,
Raman spectroscopy and theoretical simulations, our group has investigated graphenefunctionalization via non-covalent chemistry, using pyrene derivatives, and covalent chemistry,
using aryldiazonium reagents [2], as well as its further biofunctionalization with DNA strands
and proteins [3]. I will describe our recent developments in controlling these different
functionalization routes, and compare their use for bioanalytical purposes.

References[1] Béraud et al. Analyst 146, 2, 403-428 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AN01661F[2] Bazán et al. Nano Letters 22, 7, 2635-2642 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04397[3] Côté et al. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24, 7, 4174-4186 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CP04626H

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IS16
THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE OXIDE CONJUGATES
C. Ménard-Moyon 1*
1

CNRS UPR3572 - Strasbourg, France (France)*email: c.menard@ibmc-cnrs.unistra.fr

The relatively low-cost production of graphene oxide (GO) and its dispersibility in various
solvents, including water, combined with its tunable surface chemistry, make GO an attractive
building block to design multifunctional materials. There are many applications for which it isfundamental to preserve the intrinsic properties of GO, for example in the biomedical field. As aconsequence, the derivatization of GO to impart novel properties has to be well controlled andthe characterization of the functionalized samples thoroughly done and unambiguous. Despite thegreat progress in the functionalization of GO, its chemistry is not always well controlled and not
fully understood.[1,2] In this context, I will explain some strategies for the controlled
functionalization of GO through the selective derivatization of the epoxides and hydroxyl groups
without alteration of its properties. I will also present different approaches for the derivatizationof GO with bioactive molecules and the potential of the conjugates as nanocarriers for targetedcancer phototherapies and targeted therapy of B-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.[3-5]References[1] Guo S, Garaj S, Bianco A, Ménard-Moyon C, Nat. Rev. Phys., 4 (2022) 247.
[2] Guo S, Nishina Y, Bianco A, Ménard-Moyon C, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 59 (2020) 1542.
[3] Muzi L, Seifert C, Soltani R, Ménard-Moyon C, Dumortier H, Bianco A, Adv. NanoBiomed Res., 1 (2021),
2100060.
[4] Reina G, Ruiz A, Richichi B, Biagiotti G, Giacomazzo GE, Jacquemin L, Nishina Y, Ménard-Moyon C, AlJamal W, Bianco A, 2D Mater., 9 (2022) 015038.
[5] Guo S, Song Z, Ji DK, Reina G, Fauny JD, Nishina Y, Ménard-Moyon C, Bianco A, Pharmaceutics, 14 (2022),
1365.

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IS17
TELECOM SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE FROM A FIBERED CAVITY
COUPLED GRAFTED CARBON NANOTUBE
A. Borel 1, T. Habrant-Claude 1, F. Rapisarda 1, C. Voisin 1, Y. Chassagneux 1*
LPENS (France)*email: yannick.chassagneux@phys.ens.fr
1

In the quest for secured quantum telecommunications, single-photon sources are a key
building block. To fully exploit the transmission windows of the existing fiber network,
wavelengths in the range of 1.3 to 1.6 µm are highly desirable. While in the visible and nearinfrared, several single photon sources are available, on the contrary in the telecom bands single
photon emitters are scarce. Organic color-centers grafted onto carbon nanotubes are among theshort list of potential telecom band single photon emitters and their discovery a few years ago has
been a major step forward. To fully exploit their potential, it is key to deterministically couple
such single color centers to advanced photonic resonators. This coupling, in the quantum regime
makes it possible to modify the emission diagram, the radiative lifetime (thereby boosting thebrightness of the source) and to some extent the working wavelength. In this respect, the use of aversatile cavity geometry, where the parameters can be tuned at will is an invaluable but very
challenging asset. We were able to take control over the emission properties of a single NT
emitting in the telecom O band by coupling it to a fully reconfigurable miniature Fabry Perotcavity (with a high quality factor and low mode volume). We observe a strong brightening of theemission together with a direct coupling to a single mode fiber resulting in high single photon
rate (2.10^7) directly usable for quantum communication protocol and quantum random number
generation. Furthermore, we perform an in-depth analysis of various effects of cavity quantum
electrodynamics by exploiting our unique experimental setup where we are able to plug or unplug
at will the coupling to the cavity for a range of cavity lengths making it possible to change themode volume and the resonance frequency. We measured high Purcell factors up to 30 and asizable acceleration of the recombination. We also exploited the peculiar coupling of the exciton
to the 1D acoustic phonons to tune the working wavelength of the single-photon source andthereby to obtain an independent estimate of the Rabi coupling g that describes the strength oflight-matter coupling.

References[1] Borel et al, submitted[2] Jeantet et al, PRL 116 247402 (2016)

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EXCITONS IN CARBON NANOTUBES MEET LAYERED MATERIALS:
MIXED-DIMENSIONAL HETEROSTRUCTURES FOR NANOSCALE
PHOTONICS
Y.K. Kato 1*
1

Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research and Quantum Optoelectronics
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics - Wako, Saitama (Japan)*email: yuichiro.kato@riken.jp

Due to limited screening of the Coulomb interaction in one dimensional systems, uniqueexitonic properties exist in single-walled carbon nanotubes. Recent research on two-dimensional
semiconductors such as transition metal dichalcogenides has also revealed rich opticalphenomena where layer numbers and twist angles play important roles. Here we discuss ourrecent efforts on 1D/2D mixed-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures [1,2]. We
demonstrate that hexagonal boron nitride, a widely studied two-dimensional insulator, is an ideal
substrate for carbon nanotube photonics [1]. Using boron nitride flakes as ultrathin spacers fornanotubes and photonic crystal nanobeam cavities, deterministic coupling of a nanotube emitter
to a cavity is demonstrated by a newly developed transfer process [2,3]. Single-crystalline
anthracene is used as a medium which readily sublimes by mild heating, leaving behind clean
nanotubes and thus enabling bright photoluminescence. We are able to position nanotubes of adesired chirality with a sub-micron accuracy under in-situ optical monitoring, thereby
deterministically coupling a nanotube to a cavity. The anthracene assisted transfer process canalso be used to transfer 2D materials with negligible contamination, allowing for investigation of
atomically thin materials integrated with nanocavities [3].
Work supported in part by JSPS (KAKENHI JP20H02558) and MIC (SCOPE 191503001). We
thank the Advanced Manufacturing Support Team at RIKEN for technical assistance.

References[1] N. Fang, K. Otsuka, A. Ishii, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, K. Nagashio, Y. K. Kato, ACS Photonics 7, 1773
(2020).
[2] K. Otsuka, N. Fang, D. Yamashita, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, Y. K. Kato, Nat. Commun. 12, 3138 (2021).
[3] N. Fang, D. Yamashita, S. Fujii, K. Otsuka, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, K. Nagashio, Y. K. Kato, Adv. Opt.
Mater. 10, 2200538 (2022).

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THEORETICAL CHALLENGES TO SCALING UP PROPERTIES IN
CARBON NANOTUBE FIBRESJ. Elliott 1*
1

University of Cambridge - Cambridge (United Kingdom)*email: jae1001@cam.ac.uk

The desire to scale up the electrical and mechanical properties of CNT fibres from individualtubes and bundles to macroscopic ropes and tows involves several interesting theoretical andcomputational challenges, which include simulating their network structure and characterising theorientational order of the structural subunits. Recently, experimental studies have shown thatenhancing CNT alignment in fibres by using a double-drawing technique [1] and application ofelectromagnetic fields in situ during synthesis [2] can result in significant improvements inproperties. We describe a procedure for recovering the true three-dimensional orientational
distribution function from two-dimensional experimental data [3] and compare this with the
network structure of coarse-grained simulations of CNT networks under various assumptions. We
then investigate the predicted fracture behaviour and compare to previous experimental results
looking high-strain rate failure in fibres [4].

References[1] Zhang, X.; De Volder, M.; Zhou, W.; Issman, L.; Wei, X.; Kaniyoor, A.; Terrones Portas, J.; Smail, F.;
Wang, Z.; Wang, Y.; Liu, H.; Zhou, W.; Elliott, J.; Xie, S.; Boies, A., Simultaneously enhanced tenacity, rupture
work, and thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube fibers by raising effective tube portion. Science Advances 2022, 8(50), eabq3515.
[2] Issman, L.; Kloza, P. A.; Terrones Portas, J.; Collins, B.; Pendashteh, A.; Pick, M.; Vilatela, J. J.; Elliott, J.
A.; Boies, A., Highly Oriented Direct-Spun Carbon Nanotube Textiles Aligned by In Situ Radio-Frequency Fields.
ACS Nano 2022, 16 (6), 9583-9597.
[3] Kloza, P. A.; Elliott, J. A., Inverse Projection of Axisymmetric Orientation Distributions, under review, 2023.
[4] Gspann, T. S.; Ngern, N. H. H.; Kiley, P. J.; McKeown, P. A.; Bulmer, J. S.; Windle, A. H.; Tan, V. B. C.;
Elliott, J. A., A comparative study of the tensile failure of carbon nanotube, Dyneema and carbon fibre tows over six
orders of strain rate. Carbon 2020, 164, 407-421.

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FIELD-EFFECT ON TWO-DIMENTIONAL MATERIALS AND THEIRCOMPLEXES
M. Maruyama 1*
University of Tsukuba - Tsukuba (Japan)*email: mmaruyama@comas-tsukuba.jp

1

Two-dimensional covalent networks with moderate structural flexibility and chemically inert
surfaces make atomic layered materials starting materials to form complexes with other atomic
layered materials, atoms, and molecules. These complexes exhibit unique electronic properties
those basically exceed the simple sum of those of constituent components because of theinterface and border effects in the complexes. In addition to these complexes, the external fieldleads to further unique electronic properties in these atomic layer materials and their complexes.
In this paper, we reported our recent theoretical calculations on heterostructures of atomic layeredmaterials and electric field-effects on them using the density functional theory combined with theeffective screening medium method. Our calculations demonstrated that the electronic structuresof these complexes can be tuneable by controlling constituent elements and their arrangement inatomic layered materials, mutual arrangements, and external electric field [1,2,3,4,5,6].

References[1] M. Maruyama, N. Ichinose, Y. Gao, Z. Liu, R. Kitaura, and S. Okada, ACS Appl. Nano Mater. In press.
[2] M. Maruyama and S. Okada, J. Appl. Phys. 131 (2022) 134303.
[3] M. Maruyama and S. Okada, ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 4 (2021) 3007.
[4] M. Maruyama, K. Nagashino, and S. Okada, Phys. Rev. Appl. 14 (2020) 044028.
[5] M. Maruyama, K. Nagashino, and S. Okada, ACS Appl. Electro. Mater. 2 (2020) 1352.
[6] M. Maruyama and S. Okada, Appl Phys. Express, 12 (2019) 075008.

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DISPERSION OF NANOMATERIALS BY TRAPPING: APPLICATION IN
3D PRINTING OF POLYMER COMPOSITES
O. Regev 1*, L. Cullari 1, S. Ligati 1
1

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev - Beer Sheva (Israel)*email: oregev@bgu.ac.il

An efficient dispersion of nanocarbons (e.g., nanotubes or graphene sheets) in liquids andsolids can enhance their transport properties like thermal and electrical conductivity. Yet, suchdispersions are difficult to achieve since these nanocarbons are prone to aggregate andsubsequently precipitate due to their strong van der Waals interactions. Conventional dispersion
approaches, such as surface treatment of the nanocarbons either by surfactant adsorption or bychemical modification, may prevent aggregation. Unfortunately, surfactant-assisted graphene
dispersions are typically of low concentration (< 0.2wt%) with relatively small graphene sheets(<1 µm lateral size) while chemical modification is punished by increased defect density within
the sheets. We investigate here a new approach in which the concentration of dispersed
nanocarbon in monomer solution is enhanced by the addition of a fibrous clay mineral, sepiolite[1-2], as shown in FIgure 1. The trapped graphene dispersion was applied in additive
manufacturing (vat polymerization) where the thermal conductivity of the 3D printed polymer
composite was enhanced by 160% compared to the neat polymer.

Graphene trapped in clay network

References[1] Cullari, L., Masiach, T., Peretz-Damari, S., Ligati, S., Furo, I. and Regev, O., Trapped and alone: clay-assisted
aqueous graphene dispersions, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 13 6879-6888 (2021).
[2] Cullari, L.L., Ligati Schleifer, S., Kogan, D., Ziskind, G., and Regev, O., Down the dimensionality lane –Thermal conductivity enhancement in carbon-based liquid dispersions, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 14,
9844-9854 (2022).

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NANOARCHITECTING LOW-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS AT
LIQUID/LIQUID INTERFACES: THIN FILMS FOR BROADERTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATION
A.J.G. Zarbin 1*
1

Federal University of Parana (UFPR) - Curitiba (Brazil)*email: aldozarbin@ufpr.br

A novel and versatile way to prepare thin, transparent, flexible and homogeneous films ofadvanced and multi-component materials has been developed by our research group, based on
immiscible liquid/liquid interfaces [1]. The so-called liquid/liquid interfacial route (LLIR) is
simple, efficient and unique for several materials, allowing the film deposition over any kind of
substrates, plastics included. This talk will demonstrate the preparation of novel and exclusive
films of multicomponent nanomaterials based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and 2D
materials (black phosphorous, MoS2), and their nanocomposites with conducting polymers,
Prussian blue analogues or metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, followed by the application of theresulting materials in different fields as electrodes in aqueous and transparent Na- or K-ion
batteries, solar cells, transparent electrodes, electrochromic displays, catalysts and sensors [2-8].
It will be shown that the properties of these films can be modulated controlling the morphology
and interaction between the components. Based on the selected examples, it will be demonstrated
that the LLIR is a new pathway to design materials combining synthesis and processing in one
single-pot and single-step, allowing the production of multi-components and multi-functional thinfilms for application in different fields. Authors acknowledge financial support from CNPq,
CAPES/COFECUB, CAPES/PRINT, INCT Nanocarbon and INCT NanoVida.

References[1] A.J.G. Zarbin, Mater. Horizons, 2021, 8, 1409-1432.
[2] C.S. Pinto, V.H.R. Souza, A. Schnmidt, A.J.G. Zarbin, Synth. Met. 2023, 293, 117259.
[3] A. Schmidt, M. Ramos, C. Pinto, A. Pereira, V. Souza, A.J.G. Zarbin, Electrochem. Comm., 2022, 134, 107183.
[4] S. Husmann, M.K. Ramos, A.J.G. Zarbin, Electrochim. Acta 2022, 422, p. 140548.
[5] L.C. Lopes, B.G. Vaz, A.R.M. Oliveira, M.L. Rocco, E.S. Orth, A.J.G. Zarbin, Chem. Sci., 2018, 9, 7297-7303.
[6] A. Schmidt, M.K. Ramos, C.M. Ferreira, B.A. Braz, A.J.G. Zarbin, Electrochim. Acta, 2021, 387, 138500.
[7] J.E. Fonsaca, S.H. Domingues, E.S. Orth, A.J.G. Zarbin, Chem. Comm., 2020, 56, 802-805.
[8] L.C. Lopes, S. Husmann, A.J.G. Zarbin, Electrochim. Acta, 2020, 345, 136199.

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CONTROLLED PREPARATION AND APPLICATIONS OF CARBONENEFIBERS
J. Zhang 1*
1Peking University - Beijing, China (China)*email: jinzhang@pku.edu.cn

The development of lightweight and high-strength fiber is one of the eternal themes in thefield of materials. With the rapid change of applications and demands, more structural andfunctional requirements have emerged in aerospace, national defense, military, energy, biology
and other fields. Carbonene materials (mainly including carbon nanotubes and graphene) have theadvantages of low density, high mechanical properties, excellent electrical and thermal
conductivity, and are ideal base materials for building next-generation lightweight, high-strength,
high-toughness, functional and smart fibers.[1] This report mainly introduces our research
progress in controlled preparation and application of carbonene fibers, including the controlled
preparation methods of carbonene materials, the preparation of high-mechanical-property andmultifunctional carbonene fibers, the exploration of structure-regulation method and propertytransfer rules of carbonene materials in carbonene fibers, as well as the mass production
technology of carbonene fibers and their application prospects in individual protection andartificial muscle.

References[1] Y. Wen, M. Jian, J. Huang, J. Luo, L. Qian, J. Zhang* Nano Lett. 2022, 22, 6035.

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SINGLE CHIRALITY SWCNTS ENRICHMENT GOVERNED BYCONJUGATED POLYMER CHARACTERISTICS
J. Ouyang 1*, H. Shin 1, P. Finnie 1, J. Ding 1, Z. Li 1, P. Malenfant 1
1

National Research Council Canada - Ottawa (Canada)*email: jianying.ouyang@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca

A number of single chirality single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have beensuccessfully enriched using a variety of conjugated polymers in toluene. The polymer
characteristics greatly influence the chiral selectivity and yield in the enrichment. For example[1], fluorene homopolymers such as poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorene) (PFDD) and copolymer withanthracene such as poly[(9,9-dihexylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(9,10-anthracene)] result in high (7,6)
selectivity from the SG76 CNT source up to 67% and 72%, respectively. The selectivity is
calculated by optical absorption using known extinction coefficient. In contrast, poly[(9,9dioctyl-2,7-divinylenefluorenylene)-alt-co-(9,10-anthracene)], with a double bond spacer, resultsin (9,5) dominant extractions with the purity of (9,5) up to 80% after ultracentrifugation, which isbelieved to be the first report on successful enrichment of (9,5) by conjugated polymers. The
chiral selectivity is also greatly impacted by the length of alkyl sidechain of fluorene
homopolymers. Interestingly, a chiral selection transition from (7,6) to (8,6) occurred using
poly(9,9-di-n-tetradecylfluorene) (PFTD) after a few enrichment cycles. The chiral purity of (8,6)
was greatly improved from 50% to 86% after slow filtration. Molecular dynamics simulation
confirms that different length of sidechain of polyfluorene has different wrapping stability
towards specific chirality, where PFTD shows greater stability towards (8,6) than (7,6) (Figure1). Polymer molecular weight also plays a role to the selectivity and yield. The good quality ofthe enriched (7,6) was demonstrated by the performance of thin film transistors fabricated with
(7,6) ink as the channel materials.

Figure 1. Absorption spectra of enriched (7,6) and (8,6) as well as their PLE maps and optimal polymer binding
geometries obtained from molecular dynamics simulations.
References[1] Jianying Ouyang,* Homin Shin, Paul Finnie, Jianfu Ding, Chang Guo, Zhao Li, Yuan Chen, Li Wei, Alison J.
Wu, Simona Moisa, François Lapointe, Patrick R. L. Malenfant*‘The impact of conjugated polymer characteristics on the enrichment of single chirality single walled carbon
nanotubes’
ACS Appl. Polymer Mater. 4, 6239–6254, 2022.

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MONOELEMENTAL 2D MATERIALS – CHEMISTRY ANDAPPLICATIONS
Z. Zdenek 1*
1

University of Chemistry and Technology Prague - Prague (Czech Republic)*email: zdenek.sofer@vscht.cz

Two dimensional materials are already almost 20 years in the forefront of material science.
However the graphene discovery started this new direction of research, beyond graphene areseveral other monoelemental 2D materials including elements in 14th group (silicene,
germanene) as well as elements in 15th group (phosphorene, arsenene and antimonene) andseveral others. These two-dimensional allotropes are significantly more difficult to prepare due to
its lower thermodynamic stability and higher reactivity in comparison with graphene. The
contribution will discuss current methods for the top-down synthesis of monoelemental 2D
materials from the group of pnictogen and tetrels and their chemistry [1,2]. Various methods ofsurface functionalization suitable for surface functionalization of silicene/germanene as well as
phosphorene and arsenene will be shown. Precise control of surface functionalization allowedvarious application covering energy storage, catalysis as well as electronic and sensors. The
potential applications of surface functionalized monoelemental 2D materials from 14th and 15th
group will be demonstrated for the energy storage, electronic and catalysis.

References[1] T Hartman, J Šturala, J Luxa, Z Sofer, ACS Nano 14 (2020) 7319-7327[2] H Ghodrati, N Antonatos, Z Sofer, Small Small 15 (2019) 1903495

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HETEROSTRUCTURES BASED ON TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS
R. Kitaura 1*
NIMS - Tsukuba (Japan)*email: kitaura.ryo@nims.go.jp
1

Low-dimensional materials, including one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotubes and twodimensional (2D) graphene, boron nitride (hBN), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs,
Fig. 1), provide an exciting platform for exploring novel physics and chemistry at the nanoscale.
Low-dimensional materials have attractive physical properties, and importantly, they allow us to
explore novel superstructures such as heterojunctions, heterostacks, and superlattices, opening up
even more possibilities. We have explored two different methods to create low-dimensional
superstructures: (1) crystal growth using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) andmolecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method, and (2) stacking of individual components using the drytransfer approach [1]-[3]. These methods produce various low-dimensional nanostructures as
intended.
This talk will focus on our recent research results on low-dimensional lateral/vertical
heterostructures, including ultrathin 2D MoS2/WS2 heterojunctions and heterostacks of hBN,
TMD, and CNT; the 2D MoS2/WS2 junction width can be in the sub-nanometer range. In addition
to fabrication details, photovoltaic properties investigated by microspectroscopy will be discussed[4],[5].

Fig. 1. A ball-and-stick representation of a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide. Green and yellow balls
correspond to transition metal (Mo,W, etc) and chalcogen (S, Se, Te) atoms, respectively.

References[1] T. Hotta, et. al., ACS Nano, 51, 1, 1370-1377 (2021)[2] Y. Murai, et. al., ACS Nano, 15, 12, 19225-19232 (2021)[3] S. Zhao et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 124, 106101 (2020)[4] S. Zhao et. al., Nanoscale in press.
[5] N. Ichinose, et. al., arXiv:2208.12696

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SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE FILM AS AN EFFICIENTCONDUCTIVE NETWORK FOR SI-BASED ANODES
F. Wei 1*
1

Tsinghua University - Beijing, China (China)*email: wf-dce@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

Silicon-based anodes are considered ideal candidate materials for next-generation lithium-ion
batteries due to their high capacity. However, the low conductivity and large volume variations
during cycling inevitably result in inferior cyclic stability. Herein, a dry method without binders
is designed to fabricate Si-based electrodes with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)
network and to explore the different mechanisms between SWCNT and multiwalled carbon
nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a conductive network. As expected, higher initial discharge capacity(1785 mAh g−1), higher initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE, 81.52%) and outstanding cyclicstability are obtained from the SiOx@C | SWCNT anodes. Furthermore, its lithium-ion diffusion
coefficient (DLi+) is 3–4 orders of magnitude higher than that of SiOx@C | MWCNT. The
underlying mechanism is clarified by in situ Raman spectroscopy and theoretical analysis. It isfound that the SWCNTs can maintain good contact with SiOx@C even under tensile stresses up
to 6.2 GPa, while the MWCNTs lose electrical contact due to alternating compressive stress up to
8.9 GPa and tensile stress up to 2.5 GPa during long-term cycling. Under such very large stresses,
the more flexible SWCNTs and their stronger van der Waals forces ensure that SiOx@C still has
good contact with SWCNTs.

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A. Siria*

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OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SINGLE GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS
T. Liu 1, D. Medina-Lopez 2, H. Levy-Falk 1, T. Huynh Thanh 1, S. Osella 3, C. Tonnelé 3,
Y. Chassagneux 4, C. Voisin 4, L. Rondin 1, D. Beljonne 3, S. Campidelli 2, J.S. Lauret 1,*
2

1
LUMIN - Paris Saclay (France)
CEA NIMBE - Paris Saclay (France)
3
UMONS - Mons (Belgium)
4
LPENS - Paris (France)*email: lauret@ens-paris-saclay.fr

Recent years have shown an increasing number of studies focused on new light emitters forvarious applications and in particular for quantum technologies. In this context, nanographenes
have great assets since bottom-up chemistry allows a total control on the structure, which opens
the way to wide customization of their optical, and spin properties [1–3]. The full benefit fromthese opportunities needs addressing nanographene intrinsic photophysical properties. To do so,single molecule photoluminescence experiment is a powerful tool [4]. Here, we will focus on
small nanographenes where electrons a confined in the three dimensions of space, the so-calledgraphene quantum dots (GQDs). We will show that our degree of control on the structure allows
us to address both the influence of the size and of the symmetry of the GQD on its properties:
emission wavelength, polarization selection rules, oscillator strength... We will report on
experiments performed at the single molecule level and from room to cryogenic temperatures.
We will show that the experimental results are well predicted by extensive DFT/TDDFT
calculations combined with molecular dynamics simulations. [5-7].

References[1] M. G. Debije, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 4641 (2004)[2] X. Yan, X. Cui, and L.-s. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 5944 (2010)[3] A. Konishi et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 11021 (2010)[4] S. Zhao et al, Nature Communications, 9, 3470 (2018)[5] T. Liu et al, Nanoscale, 14, 3826 – 3833 (2022)[6] T. Liu et al, Journal of Chemical Physics 156, 104302 (2022)[7] D. Medina-Lopez et al, under review

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EVALUATION OF DISPERSION STATES OF SINGLE-WALLEDCARBON NANOTUBES AND PREPARATION OF THEIR LIQUID
CRYSTALLINE DISPERSIONS
T. Okazaki 1*
1

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology - Tsukuba (Japan)*email: toshi.okazaki@aist.go.jp

Dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in liquids is a crucial process in the fabrication ofadvanced CNT-based materials. However, quantitative evaluation of the dispersed CNTs remains
one of the least investigated aspects of CNTs. Recently, we found that centrifugal sedimentation
analysis is an effective and useful tool to characterize the size distribution of CNTs [1]. In
addition to the size, the porosity of the agglomerated CNTs can also be measured by changing therotational velocity of the centrifugation. By using this method, surfactant-stabilized single-walledcarbon nanotube (SWCNT) dispersions that show liquid crystal (LC) phases can be effectively
prepared [2,3]. As the SWCNT concentration increases, the dispersion undergoes an isotropic tonematic phase transition in which the spindle-shaped LC droplets, or the so-called tactoids, andthe Schlieren textures can be observed in the intermediate biphasic state and the nematic phase,respectively [2]. The arrangements of SWCNTs in the tactoids and the Schlieren structures are
directly investigated by polarized optical microscopy. We also investigate the effects of SWCNT
aspect ratios and surfactants on LC behaviors [3]. For example, the isotropic-to-nematic phasetransition occurs at a lower concentration for the SWCNT dispersion with a larger aspect ratio,
which is expected by the Onsager theory. The well-aligned film is successfully fabricated fromthe dispersion with the higher SWCNT aspect ratio by the simple blade coating suggesting that
the CNT orientations can be controlled by the normal surfactant-assisted method.

References[1] Y. Kato, T. Morimoto, K. Kobashi, T. Yamada, T. Okazaki, K. Hata, J. Phys. Chem. C, 123, 21252−21256(2019).
[2] K. Kojima, M. Aizawa, T. Yamamoto, S. Muroga, K. Kobashi, T. Okazaki, Langmuir, 38, 8899-8905 (2022).
[3] K. Kojima, H. Jintoku, Y. Kuwahara, M. Aizawa, T. Yamamoto, S. Muroga, K. Kobashi, T. Okazaki, Appl.
Phys. Exp., 15, 125003 (2022).

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DIAMETER-DEPENDENT STACKING OF SQUARAINE DYE
MOLECULES INSIDE SINGLE-WALL CARBON NANOTUBES
S. Forel 1,*, L. Han 2, S. Van Bezouw 3, L. Wieland 2, J. Campo 3, W. Wenseleers 3, B. Flavel 2,
S. Cambre 3
1
LMI, University Lyon 1 - Lyon (France)
Institute of Nanotechnology, KIT - Karlsruhe (Germany)
3
Nanostructured and Organic Optical and Electronic Materials, University of Antwerp - Antwerp (Belgium)*email: salome.forel@univ-lyon1.fr
2Thanks to the extensive variability of chiral structures of SWCNT, a large variety ofelectronic and optical properties can be accessed, making them extremely promising for diverse
applications such as solar energy harvesting and high-performance (opto-)electronic devices.
Besides these very peculiar intrinsic properties, SWCNTs also exhibit a hollow core, which can
be filled with dyes giving rise to new one-dimensional hybrids that merge the properties of thenanotube with those of the dyes1-2. In this work3 we report for the first time the combination ofextensive chirality-sorting4 and dye filling, leading to the isolation of nearly single chirality
squaraine-filled SWCNTs as shown in the photoluminescence-excitation (PLE) map presented in
Figure 1. For each dye@SWCNT chirality combination, we observe a different absorption
wavelength of the confined dyes, originating from the different dye stacking driven by thediameter of the surrounding SWCNT. This diameter-dependent dye absorption followed by anenergy transfer, is experimentally determined through the measurement and detailed fitting offluorescence-excitation maps of different chirality-sorted dye-filled SWCNT samples. We,
therefore, demonstrate that the diameter of the SWCNT is a lever to tune optical properties of thehybrids, paving the way for future applications in optoelectronics. Moreover, comparison withmolecular models provides access to the possible different stacking configurations of the dyes
inside the hollow space of SWCNTs with different diameters.

Energy transfer. (top) Schematic view of the new hybrids (bottom) Example of a PLE map and the corresponding
fit (left) experimental PLE maps, the white dots represent all the chiralities that have been fitted and the crosses
represe nt the energy transfer. (right) Fitted PLE map
References[1] S. Cambré et al., Nature Nanotechnology 2015, 10 (3), 248–252. [2] S. Van Bezouw et al., ACS Nano 2018, 12(7), 6881–6894. [3] S. Forel et al. Nanoscale, 2022, 14, 8385 [4] L. Han et al., ACS Nano 2020, 14 (1), 948–963.

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LAYER-BY-LAYER GROWTH OF MULTI-LAYER GRAPHENE SINGLECRYSTALS ENABLED BY PROXIMATE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY
W. Ji 1*1

Renmin University of China - Beijing 100872 (China)*email: wji@ruc.edu.cn

Direct growth of large-area vertically stacked two-dimensional (2D) van der Waal (vdW)
materials is a prerequisite for their high-end applications in integrated electronics, optoelectronics
and photovoltaics. Currently, centimeter- to even meter-scale monolayers of single-crystal
graphene (MLG) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) have been achieved by epitaxial growth onvarious single-crystalline substrates. However, in principle, this success in monolayer epitaxy
seems challenge to be replicated to bi- or few-layer growth, as the full coverage of the first layer
was believed to terminate the reactivity of those adopting catalytic metal surfaces. Here, wereport an exceptional layer-by-layer chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of large size biand few-layer graphene single-crystals, enabled by proximate catalytic activity where the activityof the outermost graphene layer inherits from the platinum (Pt) surface underneath. In-situ
growth and real-time surveillance experiments, under well-controlled environments,
unambiguously verify that the growth does follow the layer-by-layer mode on open surfaces of
MLG/Pt(111). First-principles calculations indicate that the proximate catalytic activity isallowed by an appreciable electronic hybridization between graphene overlayers and Pt surfaces,
enabling catalytic dissociation of hydrocarbons and subsequently direct graphitization of theirradicals on the outermost sp2 carbon surface. This activity is also proven to be robust for tubefurnace CVD in fabricating single-crystalline graphene bi-, tri- and tetra-layers, as well as h-BN
few-layers. Such growth mechanism also promotes the fabrication of graphene spirals where atwisting angle was introduced between adjacent graphene layers. Our findings offer an
exceptional strategy for potential controllable, layer-by-layer and wafer-scale growth of verticallystacked few-layered 2D single crystals.

References[1] Zhang, Z.#; Zhou, L.#; Chen, Z.#; Liu, K.*; Wang, Z-J.*; Ji, W.* et. al. arXiv:2205.01468 (2022).
[2] Wang, Z.-J.#,*; Kong, X.#; Huang, Y.#; Li, J.#; Ji, W.*; Ding, F.*; Willinger, M.-G.* et al. Nat. Mater. in revision(2023).

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MODELLING THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF BORON-NITRIDE
BILAYERS AS A FUNCTION OF STACKING ORDER AND TWISTANGLE
H. Amara 1,*, S. Latil 2, L. Sponza 1
1

LEM-ONERA/CNRS - Châtillon (France)
2
CEA-IRAMIS - Saclay (France)*email: hakim.amara@onera.fr

Bilayers of 2D materials have recently emerged as minimal systems where to tune and control
the exceptional properties of their constituent layers. By changing the alignment of one layer withrespect to the other (twist angle), it is possible to modify the interactions between the two sheets
and hence tune their properties in a relatively controlled way. For instance, superconductivity canbe switched on in graphene bilayers at some magic twist angle close to 1.1° [1]. In this context,
boron nitride twisted bilayers (BNTB) are studied because the twist angle determines theformation and the flatness of several groups of degenerate bands [2]. This leads to a modulationof its optical properties and controls the emergence of correlated phases. Moreover, the presenceof two atomic species provides an additional degree of freedom with respect to graphene bilayers,that is the stacking sequence. For example, experimental work shows that, by playing at the sametime with the stacking sequence and the twist angle, it is possible to induce ferroelectricity in
BNTB and to control the dynamics of the switching on [3]. The last example demonstrates that acorrect description of this system must take into account at the same time the twist angle and thestacking sequence. Although some works can be found on the subject, we find that a systematic
study is regretfully lacking. Here we present our theoretical results on the evolution of theelectronic structure of several BN bilayers upon variations of the twist angle and the stacking
sequence [4]. Simulations have been carried out with density functional theory and a tightbinding model we already used successfully in the past [5].

Right panel: different stacking of hBN (BNNB and NN) moiré structures. Left panel: Bottom conduction and top
valence of the NN stackings at different twist angles.

References[1] R. Bistritzer et al., PNAS 108, 12233-12237 (2011)[2] X. Zhao et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 086401 (2020)[3] K. Yasuda et al., Science 372, 1458-1462 (2021)[4] S. Latil et al. , SciPost Phys., (2023)[5] L. Sponza et al. Phys. Rev. B 98, 125206 (2018)

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IS35
ATOMIC-LEVEL INSIGHTS INTO CARBON NANOTUBE GROWTH
FROM MACHINE LEARNING-DRIVEN SIMULATIONS
D. Hedman 1,*, B. Mclean 2, C. Bichara 3, S. Maruyama 4, J.A. Larsson 5, F. Ding 6
Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) - Ulsan(Korea, Republic of)2
School of Engineering, RMIT University - Victoria (Australia)
3
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille - Marseille (France)
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo - Tokyo (Japan)
5
Applied Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå
University of Technology - Luleå (Sweden)
6
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) - Ulsan(Korea, Republic of)*email: daniel.hedman@ltu.se
1

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered a successor to silicon in future nanoelectronic
devices. To realize this technological potential, controlled growth of defect-free CNTs is
required. Until now, the understanding of atomic-scale growth mechanisms provided bymolecular dynamics (MD) simulations has been hampered by their short timescales. Here we
present an efficient and accurate machine learning force field for realistic MD simulations of
SWCNT growth on iron catalysts[1]. We simulate growth of SWCNTs on near µs timescales,
achieving growth of long, defect-free nanotubes and provide new atomic-level insights into theentire growth process. From the evolution of the tube-catalyst interface and importantly themechanisms behind the formation and healing of defects. Our results highlight the maximizationof configurational entropy at the tube-catalyst interface and how defect-free CNTs can growultralong if carbon supply and temperature are carefully controlled.

Growth of a defect-free (6,5) SWCNT on a Fe55 catalyst at a temperature of 1300 K. A shows 11 snapshots of thestructure during growth and B illustrates the healing of a 5-7 defect at the interface of the growing tube. Orange andgray spheres represent Fe and C atoms, respectively, in B blue and green spheres depict C atoms initially belonging
to the 5-ring and 7-ring defects, respectively. C shows the probability density function and the cumulative
distribution function (CDF) for the time between formation of interface defects, δt, and the interface defect lifetime,
τ, during growth. D a sample of unique edges present during growth, showing the dynamic nature of the interface.
Here zigzag sites are denoted by Z and colored blue in the structure while armchair pairs are denoted by A andcolored orange.

References[1] D. Hedman, B. McLean, C. Bichara, S. Maruyama, J. A. Larsson and F. Ding, Dynamics of growing carbon
nanotube interfaces probed by machine learning-enabled molecular simulations, arXiv, 19 Feb 2023. DOI:
10.48550/arXiv.2302.09542

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IS36
COULD CARBON NANOTUBE NON-VOLATILE MEMORY REPLACEDRAM?
K. Hata 1*
AIST - Tsukuba (Japan)*email: hata-kenji-ml@aist.go.jp
1

The amount of data is growing rapidly, leading to an increase in the data center server market.
Data centers currently consume 1% of the world's electricity production, and further growth isexpected. Non-volatile memory that doesn't require power is being explored as a replacement for
DRAM and is being seen as a potential solution to this problem.
The Japanese government aims to achieve zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and has
established the Green Innovation Fund Project (2021~2030) for a total of two trillion yen. As partof the project, Japan Zeon and AIST have been selected to develop Carbon Nanotube Random
Access Memory (CRAM) to save energy in data center servers.
CRAM is a type of random access memory that uses carbon nanotubes and has a simple structurethat allows for low-cost production. It operates by changing between a low-resistance or highresistance state when a voltage is applied between the electrodes, making it non-volatile and low
power-consuming. Its construction involves sandwiching a carbon nanotube film between
electrodes, and it is expected to replace DRAM and contribute to energy savings in data center
servers.
In this talk, I will introduce our plans and efforts to develop CRAM. Specifically, we areconducting the development of an "innovative slurry" for forming carbon nanotube films for
CRAM, creating a "test device" to evaluate the memory properties of the dispersion solution, anddeveloping "evaluation analysis technology" to better understand the CRAM operating
mechanism.

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IS37
THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF ENGINEERED 2D FLAKES
M.L. Della Rocca 1*, M. Rahimi 1, K. Sobnath 1, P. Lafarge 1, F. Mallet 1, C. Barraud 1
1lab. MPQ Université Paris Cité - UMR7162CNRS - Paris (France)*email: maria-luisa.della-rocca@u-paris.fr

Research on new thermoelectric (TE) devices and materials is highly demanded innanoelectronics to improve energy conversion at nanoscale. Energy conversion of TE
nanogenerators is ruled by TE efficiency ZT, defined as ZT=S2σT/k, with S the Seebeckcoefficient, σ the electrical conductivity, k the thermal conductivity and T the temperature. HighZT values (>> 1) are typically sought for a TE material to be exploitable in applications.
In this context, the discovery of 2D materials has opened new routes of investigation. High ZTvalues have been predicted for example in graphene nanostructures1 and transition metal
dicalcogenides (TMD) have revealed high Seebeck coefficients2,3. Due to the complexity ofcontrolling thermal transport at the nanoscale, actual applicability of 2D materials asthermoelectric materials depends on the ability to fully study their pertinent physical properties
once implemented in real devices.
I will present our recent contribution in engineering new devices based on 2D materials flakes. In
particular we have investigated the electric and thermoelectric properties of hBN/WSe2 andhBN/MLGN (MLGN=multilayer graphene) heterostructures, where hexagonal boron nitride(hBN) acts as a substrate and as a dielectric spacer efficiently coupling the 2D flake to a local
metallic gate. Our investigation reveals the role of the metallic contacts on electronic transport
and thermoelectricity in hBN/WSe2 based devices4. Depending on the used metal contact, highvalues of Seebeck coefficient S up to 180 μV/K can be attained.For hBN/MLGN devices, we findout that a network of holes increases the Seebeck coefficient and reduces the thermal
conductivity, by slightly affecting the electronic transport.

(a) hBN/WSe2 and (b) hBN/MLGN based devices for electric and thermoelectric measurements. Absolute value ofthe Seebeeck coefficient as a function of the gate voltage in hBN/WSe2 and hBN/MLGN (nanomeshed or not)devices.
References[1] P. Dollfus et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 27, 133204 (2015)[2] M. Kayyalha et al., J. Appl. Phys. 120, 134305 (2016)[3] M. Yoshida et al., Nano Lett. 16, 2061 (2016)[4] S. Timpa et al., J. Appl. Phys. 130, 185102 (2021)

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IS38
ENERGY-HARVESTABLE PIEZOCOMPOSITE EMBEDDED WITH ONEDIMENSIONAL P(VDF-TRFE) NANOFIBERS AND SINGLE-WALLEDCARBON NANOTUBES
I. Jeon 1,*, K. Kim 1, S. Lee 1, E. Kauppinen 2, A. Seongpil 3
1

Sungkyunkwan University - Suwon (Korea, Republic of)2
Aalto University - Espoo (Finland)
3
Aalto University - Espoo (Korea, Republic of)*email: il.jeon@spc.oxon.org

Highly transparent, flexible, and ultrathin piezocomposite, in which electrospunpoly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] nanofibers (NFs) and aerosolsynthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are embedded in elastomer matrix, isfabricated. The P(VDF-TrFE) NF mat is exploited as a piezoelectric layer of the piezocomposite
while the SWCNT film is applied as a transparent conductive electrode (TCE) thereof. The use of
these one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials allows the piezocomposite not only to have a hightransparency along with low diffusivity, but also to exhibit enhanced mechanical properties. In
addition, the coupling effect of piezo- and flexoelectricity exhibited from the electrospun NFs
and the acid-doping effect conducted on the SWCNTs facilitate a significant improvement inkinetic energy-harvesting performance, leading to a maximum output voltage of 26.8 V.
Moreover, electrospinning and aerosol chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods employed here
are facile, scalable, and cost-effective, thus are expected to accelerate the development ofindustrially feasible next-generation wearable electronics.

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IS39
CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED PHYSICAL RESERVOIR COMPUTING
Y. Ohno 1*
1

Nagoya University - Nagoya (Japan)*email: yohno@nagoya-u.jp

Reservoir computing (RC) is one of the machine learning methods derived from a recurrent
neural network (RNN) and has attracted attention because of the small amount of computation
required for learning. In recent years, various forms of physical RC using nonlinear physicalsystems such as memristors, optical amplifiers, and soft octopus robots have been proposed for
low power consumption and high-speed processing. [1] The physical reservoir system needs nonlinearity, high dimensionality, and short-term memory. It has also been shown that transient
response currents due to electrochemical reactions and ion migration in solution have the abilityof reservoirs [2]. In this study, we report physical reservoir systems based on CNT electron
devices such as thin-film transistors and memristers.

References[1] G. Tanaka et al., Neural Netw. 115, 100 (2019)[2] S. Kan et al., Adv. Sci. 9, 2104076 (2022)

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IS40
NANOWIRE SYNTHESIS BY FLOATING CATALYST CVD AND LARGESCALE ASSEMBLY AS NANOTEXTILES
I. Gómez-Palos 1, M. Vazquez-Pufleau 1, R. Schaeufele 1, Á. Ridruejo 2, A. Mikhalchan 1,
A. Pendashteh 1, J. Vilatela 1,*
IMDEA - Madrid (Spain)2
UPM - Madrid (Spain)*email: juanjose.vilatela@imdea.org
1

This talk describes a method to produce macroscopic solids made of 1D nanostructured
directly collected as they grow floating in the gas phase, through floating catalyst chemicalvapour deposition (FCCVD). Under this synthesis mode, growth is around 1000 faster than in
substrate-based processes. The resulting high aspect ratio (> 200) enables the aggregation of
nanomaterials in the gas phase and ultimately the formation of network solids similar to
nanotextiles. The method, originally used to grow CNTs or BNNTs, has been more recently
applied to synthesise nanowires (NW) of Si,1 SiC,2 and MOx, respectively. The first part of thetalk discusses progress in our understanding of nanowire growth by FCCVD. It reviews emerging
experimental data for the growth rate, diameter distribution and length distribution of NWs andnanotubes.3 This analysis shows that FCCVD is indeed, inherently faster than substrate-based
CVD under equivalent temperature and pressure conditions. We ascribe this to faster
impingement of precursors into the aerosol of catalyst. Next, the talk presents our efforts to study
nanowire aggregation in the gas phase, and the formation of macroscopic network materials. We
analyse the conditions for formation of an aerogel through theory of percolation of rigid rods, andapply this analysis to compare the processes for CNT and nanowire assembly. Finally, we showthat networks of entangled nanowires can be visualized as nanotextiles both in terms of theirstructure and their bulk mechanical properties. They are flexible in bending, sustain large strains,
have inherent damage-tolerance and are dominated by inter-, rather than intra-particle features,
particularly their orientation distribution function.

Figure 1. Schematic of nanowire/nanotube synthesis through floating catalyst CVD (FCCVD) and assembly into
high-performance network materials.
References[1] Schäufele, R. S.; Vazquez-Pufleau, M.; Vilatela, J. J. Tough Sheets of Nanowires Produced Floating in the Gas
Phase. Mater. Horizons 2020, 7 (11), 2978–2984.
[2] Gómez-Palos, I.; Vazquez-Pufleau, M.; Valilla, J.; Ridruejo, Á.; Tourret, D.; Vilatela, J. J. Ultrafast Synthesis of
SiC Nanowire Webs by Floating Catalysts Rationalised through In-Situ Measurements and Thermodynamic
Calculations; 2022.
[3] Gómez-Palos, I.; Vazquez-Pufleau, M.; Schaeufele, R. S.; Mikhalchan, A.; Pendashteh, A.; Ridruejo, A.;
Vilatela, J. J. Gas-to-Nanotextile: High-Performance Materials from Floating 1D Nanoparticles. Nanoscale 2023.

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REDUCTIVE NANOCARBON PROCESSING: CHEMISTRY, ASSEMBLY,
AND APPLICATION
M. Shaffer 1*
1Imperial College London (United Kingdom)*email: m.shaffer@imperial.ac.uk

Individual perfect nanocarbon structures have exceptional properties; the challenge is often
how to exploit their potential in real macroscopic systems. Chemical functionalisation is criticalto a wide range of nanocarbon technologies, but needs to be versatile and applicable at scale.
Existing approaches tend to rely on liquid phase reactions, often requiring damaging sonicationor lengthy work up through filtration or centrifugation. The formation of individualized
functionalised single wall nanotubes (SWNTs) and graphenes is a particular challenge.
One particularly promising approach, relies on reductive charging to form pure charged
nanocarbon anions which can be redissolved, purified, or optionally functionalised, whist
avoiding the damage typically associated with sonication and oxidation based processing [1].
This simple system is effective for a host of nanocarbon materials including MWCNTs, ultralong
SWCNTs, carbon blacks, graphenes, and related materials. The resulting nanocarbon ions can bereadily chemically grafted for a variety of applications. The chemistry of these discrete nano-ionsraises interesting fundamental questions but is also practically useful. Solvated nanocarbon
related materials can be assembled by electrophoresis, cryogel formation, or direct cross-linking
to form Joule heatable networks, protein nucleants, supercapacitor electrodes, and catalyst
supports [2][3]. Comparative studies allow the response of nanocarbons with different
dimensionalities to be assessed to identify fundamental trends and the most appropriate form forspecific situations. Combinations with existing commercial carbon fibres can provide
opportunities to enhance state of the art performance or introduce new function [3]. The use ofnanostructured materials often provides opportunities to simultaneously address otherwise
conflicting materials property requirements, such as high ionic conductivity with high stiffness,or self-healing with high absolute strength.

References[1] Clancy, Shaffer, et al, Charged Carbon Nanomaterials: Redox Chemistries of Fullerenes, Carbon Nanotubes, andGraphenes, Chem.Rev., 118, 7363−7408, 2018
[2] Govada, Shaffer, et al, Graphene-based nucleants for protein crystallization, Advanced Functional Materials, 32,
2022[3] Senokos, Shaffer et al, Robust single‐walled carbon nanotube‐infiltrated carbon fiber electrodes for structural
supercapacitors: from reductive dissolution to high performance devices, Advanced Functional Materials, 33, 1-11,
2023

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SENSING OF PYROPHOSPHATES WITH SP3-FUNCTIONALIZED (6,5)SWNTS
S. Settele 1,*, H. Li 2, B.S. Flavel 2, J. Zaumseil 1
Institute for Physical Chemistry, University Heidelberg - Heidelberg (Germany)
Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Karlsruhe (Germany)*email: simon.settele@pci.uni-heidelberg.de
1

2

The controlled functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) withluminescent sp3-defects has emerged as a powerful tool to enhance their usually low
photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields and to employ them for bioimaging and chemicalsensing. Here, we demonstrate the spectroscopic detection of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) - a
cellular ATP hydrolyte that plays a key role in many physiological processes - with the help of
sp3-functionalized (6,5) SWNTs. We introduce sp3-defects bearing an alkyne moiety to ATPEsorted and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stabilized (6,5) SWNTs via diazonium salt chemistry.
These functionalized (6,5) SWNTs show a high sensitivity towards the presence of Cu(II) ionsand strong quenching of the E11 and E11* (1130 nm) emission can be observed. Importantly, thedefect-induced E11* emission is quenched significantly more compared to the E11 emission. The
quenching effect can be reversed by addition of Cu(II)-complexing analytes such as PPi. With
increasing PPi concentration the E11 and E11* intensities are gradually restored. This reversibility
enables quantitative detection of PPi. In addition to changes in photoluminescence intensity, theemission peaks shift significantly and can be used as an additional detection metric. Transferring
the system from SDS-dispersed SWNTs to phospholipid polyethylene glycol (PL-PEG)dispersed SWNTs in buffer solution provides the necessary biocompatibility while the sensor
remains fully functional with a sensitivity in the range of 10 µM – 2 mM of PPi. With theseproperties the functionalized (6,5) SWNTs are ready to be used for in vivo sensing and imagingof PPi.

Functionalized (6,5) SWNTs with 4-ethynylphenyl moieties dispersed in SDS or PL-PEG show quenching of nearinfrared emission as well as shifts in peak position upon addition of Cu(II) ions. This effect can be reversed byaddition of PPi thus enabling the detection of PPi with a sensitivity in the range of 10 µM – 2 mM.
References
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon
2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 817494 “TRIFECTs”).

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CS02
TOWARDS TARGETED, FLUORESCENT NANOCARRIER SYSTEMSBASED ON B/N CO-DOPED CARBON NANO-ONIONS
H. Mohan 1,*, V. Bincoletto 2, S. Arpicco 2, S. Giordani 11Dublin City University - Dublin (Ireland)
2
University of Turin - Turin (Italy)*email: hugh.mohan3@mail.dcu.ie

It is widely known that modern chemotherapy treatments cause severe side effects in patients
due to the inability of many cancer drugs to target cancer cells over normal, healthy tissues. One
method of circumnavigating this problem is by developing a targeted nanocarrier system.
Boron/nitrogen co-doped carbon nano-onions (BN-CNOs) are a novel nanomaterial that could be
used as a scaffold for these systems. Their biocompatibility, combined with their nanoscale size[1] gives them promising potential for use in drug delivery and biological imaging applications.
Our group has developed a low cost, one-step thermal annealing method to produce BN-CNOs[2]. In the pristine form, BN-CNOs suffer from poor aqueous solubility, like many other carbon
nanomaterials. In this work, we have non-covalently functionalised BNCNOs with a hyaluronic
acid-1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (HA-DMPE) conjugate polymer to
impart aqueous dispersibility and targetability for cancer cells overexpressing the CD44 receptor.
By utilising the hydrophobic interactions between the BN-CNO surface and the phospholipid
chains of the HA-DMPE, we have successfully coated the nano-onions with the conjugate
polymer, increasing the water solubility of the BN-CNOs [3]. This was confirmed by FTIR, UVVis absorption, and dynamic light scattering analyses. We have also attached a fluorescentderivative of the HA-DMPE polymer to the surface of the BNCNOs to allow for cell tracking andbioimaging applications. Our goal is to use this BN-CNO based targeted nanocarrier platform toincrease the efficacy and reduce the side effects of existing anticancer drugs.

References[1] d’Amora, M.; Camisasca, A.; Arenal, R.; Giordani, S. In Vitro and In Vivo Biocompatibility of Boron/Nitrogen
Co-Doped Carbon Nano-Onions. Nanomaterials 2021, 11 (11), 3017. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11113017.
[2] Camisasca, A.; Sacco, A.; Brescia, R.; Giordani, S. Boron/Nitrogen Co-Doped Carbon NanoOnion
Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2018, 1, 5763– 5773.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.8b01430.
[3] Mohan, H.; Bincoletto, V.; Arpicco, S.; Giordani, S. Supramolecular Functionalisation of B/N Co-Doped Carbon
Nano-Onions for Novel Nanocarrier Systems. Materials 2022, 15(17), 5987. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15175987

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SP³ FUNCTIONALIZED ULTRASHORT CARBON NANOTUBES FORDEEP BRAIN TISSUE IMAGING
S. Nandi 1,*, J. Estaun-Panzano 2, B. P. Lambert 1, A. Simon 1, I. Calaresu 3, L. Groc 3,
E. Bezard 2, L. Cognet 1
1

Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, IOGS & CNRS, UMR 5298, 33400 Talence (France)
2
Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 - Bordeaux (France)
3
Université de Bordeaux, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, UMR 5297, 33076 - Bordeaux (France)*email: nandi.somen@institutoptique.fr

Near-infrared (NIR) microscopy has attracted significant attention for deep tissue imaging
due to the combination of low light scattering and absorption by the tissues, especially in the
NIR-II window (~1000–1350 nm). In this context, single-walled carbon nanotubes laid thefoundation for bio- and sensing applications. More specifically, ultrashort carbon nanotubes(usCNTs) had long been sought for mimicking bio-molecules. Unfortunately, the intrinsic PL is
quenched in usCNTs because of their small size compared to the exciton-diffusion-length (<100nm). Using sp3 defects, excitons can be prevented from reaching nanotube ends by local trapping,hence resulting in bright fluorescent usCNTs [1]. Herein, we demonstrate the efficient
preparation of fluorescent usCNTs specifically designed for biological applications and we show
how to create bright and biocompatible usCNTs. More precisely, we adapted a synthesis route
where the sp3 functionalization is followed by chemical cutting [2]. The defect implantation is
confirmed by the appearance of a strong red-shifted PL peak at ~1150 nm compared to thepristine CNTs (~980 nm). The length estimated by AFM is in average of ~ 39 ± 12 nm.
Subsequently, after surface bio-functionalization by phospholipid-polyethylene glycol, we
present our results of usCNTs diffusing in live brain tissue and compare their behavior with thatof long sp3 functionalized CNTs in different compartments of mouse brains [3] (Fig.1).

Sp3 defect introduced bright fluorescent usCNTs for deep tissue imaging in neuroscience.

References[1] N. Danne, M. Kim, A. G. Godin, H. Kwon, Z. Gao, X. Wu, N. F. Hartmann, S. K. Doorn, B. Lounis, Y. Wang, L.
Cognet, ACS Nano, 2018, 12, 6059−6065.
[2] Y. Li, X. Wu, M. Kim, J. Fortner, H. Qu, Y. Wang, Chem. Mater., 2019, 31, 4536-4544.
[3] Nandi et al, in preparation.

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ENGINEERING PH RESILIENCE IN OPTICAL NANOTUBE SENSORSFOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
S. Behjati 1*, L. Huang 1, R. Di Costanzo 1, H. Wang 1, S.H. Sajjadi 1, A. Boghossian 1
1

Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) - Lausanne (Switzerland)*email: sara.behjati@epfl.ch

Optical probes enable real-time monitoring of biomarkers in vitro, in vivo, and in cells.
Probes based on the fluorescence of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)
specifically benefit from photostable near-infrared light emissions that are minimally absorbed bybiological tissue. SWCNTs are often solubilized by DNA to enable the optical detection of
specific bioanalytes. Despite efforts to engineer the selectivity of the DNA sequences towards
only specific analytes of interest, these DNA-wrapped sensors are prone to optical perturbations
from fluctuations in pH. In this work, we explore the fluorescence effects of DNA-SWCNT invarying pH. We observe a substantial pH effect that varies with the DNA sequence and exploit
this pH sensitivity for applications in cancer detection. Using xeno nucleic acids (XNAs), we
further engineer optical sensors that show resilience towards fluctuations in pH, enabling thedetection of biomarkers in the absence of contributions from varying pH effects.

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CS05
INTEGRATED GRAPHENE FET ARRAY FOR HIGH SENSITIVE
DETECTION OF NEW CORONA VIRUS WITH AUTOMATED WASHINGSYSTEMK. Yamamoto 1, K. Matsumoto 1*
Osaka Universitysity - Osaka (Japan)*email: k-matsumoto@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp
1

By integrating the 32 graphene FET with antibody modified channel, the new corona virus
was detected with 100~1000 times higher sensitivity than the conventional antigen detection
kits. The detection time is ~10~20 minutes, which is ~10 times shorter than the PCR system. By
using the graphene FET with and without the antibody modification for detecting the signal ofvirus and for the reference signal, the problems of the signal drift and the physical adsorption ofvirus were solved. Also by adapting the m-TAS and automated washing system, the restriction of
the Debye length was solved and the impurity such as a saliva could be washed away and thepure signal only from the virus which bind to antibody could be detected. Graphene FET was
modified by antibody through PBASE which selectively capture the virus. The channel length
and width are 10mm and 100mm, respectively. 32 graphene FET’s are integrated, and the
13FET’s in the left hand side are modified by antibody, and the 13FET’s in the right hand side
are without antibody modification and used as reference FET. Onto this integrated graphene FET
array, the micro total analysis system (m-TAS) made by PDMS was set to introduce thephosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution from the right hand side inlet and through the graphene
FET channel, and to drain from the left hand side outlet. PBS solution was introduced from thereservoir by the computer controlled micropump. In order to control the Debye length, thedifferent concentration of PBS solution should be used for the introduction of virus and for thedetection of the charge of virus. Using these process, ~40 new corona virus on the graphene FETchannel could be detected clearly which is 100~1000 times higher sensitivity than theconventional antigen detection kits.

Virus Detection by Graphene FET Arrays. (a)Schematic structure of graphene FET with antibody modificationand optical image of FET. (b) Optical image of integrated graphene FET array. (c) Optical image of micro-TAS ongraphene FET array. (d) New corona virus combined to antibody on graphene FET observed by SEM. (e) Dirac point
shift of graphene FET with(left) and without(right) antibody modification by introduction of negatively charged
virus.

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CS06
GIANT CIRCULAR DICHROISM EFFECT OF TWO-DIMENSIONALSEMICONDUCTING CARBON NANOTUBE COIL
Y. Jiang 1*, J. Gao 1, Z. Zhu 1, F. Wei 1
Tsinghua university - Beijing (China)*email: jiang-yx19@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
1

Chirality refers to a geometric feature of an entity that allows it to be distinguished from its
mirror image, which is responsible for distinct optoelectronic effects. A prevalent approach toconstruct chiroptical nanomaterials involves the co-assembly of chiral molecules or geometrically
helical structures with the host materials. Here, we report another route to directly fabricate
chiroptical molecules via templated self-assembly. One-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
are taken as a representative — a typically chained aggregate of carbon atoms with theirchiroptical properties depending on the helicity. Monodispersed semiconducting CNTs werekinetically synthesized and sorted under the assistance of high-voltage electric field. With asingle spherical droplet template, individual semiconducting CNTs were nondestructively
manipulated into a two-dimensional coiled morphology with well-defined topological structures.
Arising from the perfect atomic structure and crystal momentum matching, collective photonexcited carriers were allowed efficient pumping and moving through the whole CNT coil while
drastically enhancing the dipole-dipole interactions and chiroptical performances. Chiropticalsignals of a single CNT coil collected by Rayleigh scattering circular dichroism (Ray-CD)
showed the giant Ray-CD effect with orders of magnitude gain without polarization dependencecompared with that of pristine straight nanotubes. This study exhibits new opportunities for
CNTs in the chiral optoelectronics and will shed new light on the self-assembly orfunctionalization of chiral one-dimensional molecules.

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the assembly and chiroptical characterization of nanotube coils

References[1] Regioselective magnetization in semiconducting nanorods, Nature Nanotechnology, 2020
[2] Complete structural characterization of single carbon nanotubes by Rayleigh scattering circular dichroism, Nature
Nanotechnology, 2021

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CS07
ROLE OF LOCALIZED IMPURITIES ON NON-RADIATIVE DECAY IN
DOPED CARBON NANOTUBES
K. Eckstein 1,*, P. Kunkel 1, M. Voelckel 1, F. Schöppler 1, A. Abudulimu 2, L. Lüer 3, T. Hertel 1
University of Würzburg - Würzburg (Germany)
2
University of Toledo - Toledo (United States)
3
University of Erlangen/Nürnberg - Erlangen (Germany)*email: klaus.eckstein@uni-wuerzburg.de
1

Intrinsic and doped semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) have farreaching potential for optoelectronic applications [1-4], which is attributed to near-infrared
photoluminescence (PL) of strongly bound excitons and trions as well as favorable chargetransport characteristics [5]. So far, optical applications have been hampered by low PL quantum
yields (PLQY) on the order of 1% and short excited state lifetimes, both of which are pointing
towards efficient non-radiative (NR) decay [6]. However, no consensus has been reached about
the NR decay mechanism as either being homogeneous (location independent) or inhomogeneous(location dependent) [6,7]. Here, we present a steady-state PL and transient absorption study
regarding the doping dependence of exciton and trion dynamics. Our data reveal that even small
doping levels further reduce the PLQY by an order of magnitude. Moreover, we show that
exciton kinetics is diffusion-limited for intrinsic and moderately doped s-SWNTs whereas trion
decay is monoexponential. In combination with doping-induced spectral changes, these dynamics
suggest that doping is best described as inhomogeneous with localized surplus charges acting
both as centers for mobile exciton quenching as well as for trion generation and decay. Our study
shows that low PLQYs in carbon nanotubes are based on the exciton’s large diffusion coefficientand its high susceptibility to frequent local perturbations. Thus, NR decay might be impeded by
reducing either the exciton mobility or the inhomogeneities in the nanotube surroundings.

References[1] Bishop et al., Nat. Electron. 2020, 3, 492-501.
[2] Avouris, P., Freitag, M. and Perebeinos, V., Nat. Photonics, 2008, 2, 341-350.
[3] Ren et al., Nano Lett., 2011, 11, 5316-5321.
[4] Danné et al., ACS Photonics, 2018, 5, 359-364.
[5] Zorn et al., ACS Nano, 2020, 14, 2412-2423.
[6] Hertel et al., ACS Nano, 2010, 4, 7161-7168.
[7] Berciaud, S., Cognet, L. and Lounis, B., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 101, 077402.

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CS08
EXCITON DECAY AND ANOMALOUS INELASTIC CROSSSECTION IN
FREESTANDING GRAPHENE
A. Guandalini 1, Y.C. Lin 2, S. Kazu 3, F. Andrea 4, D. Varsano 4, A. Recchia 5, P. Barone 6,
F. Mauri 7, T. Pichler 8, C. Kramberger 8,*
Università di Roma La Sapienza - Rome (Italy)
2
AIST, Tsukuba - Tsukuba (Japan)
3
SANKEN, Osaka - Osaka (Japan)
4
CNR Istituto Nanoscienze - Modena (Italy)
5
Center for Life NanoScience - Rome (Italy)
6
CNR-SPIN - Rome (Italy)
7
La Sapienza - Rome (Italy)
8
University of Vienna - Vienna (Austria)*email: christian.kramberger-kaplan@univie.ac.at
1

Graphene is the ultimately thin dielectric sheet. We combine angle resolved electron energy
loss (AR-EELS) spectra in transmission with an energy and momentum resolution as good as 45
meV and 0.04 Å-1 (FWHM) and ab inito calculations at different levels of theory. [1] I will
present the complete picture of inelastic scattering on a truly 2D electronic system. We canquantitatively distinguish in-plane and out-of plane components of the involved momentum
transfer (q) that manifest in a stark contrast to conventional bulk scattering theory. Noteably thecrosssections of the π and σ plasmons of graphene do not diverge in the optical limit (q→0)
according to bulk scattering theory, but their intensity drops in a 2D sheet to zero. The opening ofan excitation gap with increasing in-plane q traces out the electronic Driac cone and is very wellmodeled on the level of DFT+RPA alone. Yet the linear dispersion of the π plasmon is only
correctly described on the GW+BSE level. They provide insight on the momentum depdendent
excitonic nature of interband transitions in graphene. The exciton picture is only applicable up toto a critical qc ~0.1 Å-1 beyond which we observe an exciton decay as the independent particle
picture becomes applicable for electrons in graphene.
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under theEuropean Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (MORE-TEM ERC-SYN
project, grant agreement No 951215.

References[1] A. Guandalini et al. Physical Review Letters (2023), submitted

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CS09
UPCYCLING OF PLASTIC WASTES INTO HIGH VALUE-ADDEDPRODUCT-CARBON NANOMATERIALS IN ENERGY STORAGE
X. Chen 1*, J. Li 1
1

West Pomeranian University of Technology - Szczecin (Poland)*email: xchen@zut.edu.pl

Nowadays, many common thermoplastics are widely used in our society, which are enrichedcarbon carriers compared to biomass. However, these waste plastics are one of the main
resources for the formation of “white pollution.” Facing the increasing pressure from white
pollution of waste plastics, it is still a great challenge how to treat these wastes. In light of the
traditional way does not fully take use of polymer and waste energy, it is really promising to finda proper way to recycle waste plastics into highly valuable products (such as carbon
nanomaterials) to reduce the white pollution in the world.[1,2] However, the carbonization yieldof plastic is low and the microstructure of carbon materials is hard to control. To address theseissues, we have developed a series of methods to produce carbon materials from plastic wastes
with controllable morphology and size. More importantly, the obtained carbon nanomaterials
were used in energy storage, such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors.[3] The results
prove that it is a potential way to recycle these plastic wastes into high-value-added products.

References[1] Jiang Gong, Xuecheng Chen,* Tao Tang. Progress in Polymer Science 2019, 94, 1-32.
[2] Jiakang Min, Xin Wen,Tao Tang, Xuecheng Chen,* Kaifu Huo, Jiang Gong, Jalal Azadmanjiri, Chaobin He,
Ewa Mijowska. Chem. Comm., 2020, 56, 9142-9145.
[3] Jiaxin Li, Fei Dou, Jiang Gong, Yanshen Gao, Yumeng Hua, Krzysztof Sielicki, Dengsong Zhang,* Ewa
Mijowska, Xuecheng Chen,* ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2023, 6, 1171-1180.

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STABLE, HIGH ENERGY-DENSITY SIO-NCM FULL CELL BASED ON
THREE-DIMENSIONAL CURRENT COLLECTOR OF CARBON
NANOTUBES AND PARTIAL PRELITHIATION METHOD
T. Mae 1*, K. Kaneko 1, H. Sakurai 1, S. Noda 1
1

Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University - Tokyo (Japan)*email: t_mae0129@fuji.waseda.jp

Silicon monoxide (SiO) is an anode material having high capacity (>1500 mAh/gSiO) withsuperior stability. SiO is normally coated with polymetric binders, conductive filler on thick andheavy current collector of metal [1], resulting in low capacity per electrode mass. We havepreviously developed a self-supporting carbon coated SiO (SiO/C)-carbon nanotube (CNT)electrode without using metal foils and polymetric binders that achieved high SiO/C content andhigh electrode-based capacity [2]. However, there is an issue of irreversible capacity at the 1stcycle due to Li silicate formation [1] and side reaction of electrolyte decomposition on CNTs
with large surface area [3], leading to low energy density in full cells. To solve this problem, wehere propose a new prelithiation process by two-stack electrodes. The SiO/C-CNT electrode wasprepared via dispersion-filtration process [3] of ~1 μm-sized SiO/C particles and submillimeterlong few-wall CNTs synthesized by our fluidized bed [4] (SiO/C 85 mass%, ~0.88 mgSiO/cm2).
The SiO/C-CNT electrode was prelithiated using Li foil and electrolyte (1 M LiPF6 + 3.8 mass%
FEC in EC + DEC (1:1 v:v)) for 24 hours. Then another SiO/C-CNT electrode was stacked on
the prelithiated electrode to make partially prelithiated SiO/C-CNT electrode. Full cells were
fabricated using the partially prelithiated SiO/C-CNT negative electrode, a NCM811-CNT
positive electrode (NCM 97 mass%), a polypropylene separator, and the same electrolyte as
prelithiation. Under the conditions of 0.45 mA/cm2 with negative/positive (N/P) capacity ratio of
1.0 and areal capacity of 3.0 mAh/cm2, the full cell worked stably, achieving high energy density
per total electrode mass of negative and positive electrodes (466 Wh/kgelectrode at the 100th cycle)(Fig. 1) compared to conventional electrode [5].
Acknowledgements: We thank Dr. Li for CNT samples and JSPS (JP21H04633), JST SPRING(JPMJSP2128), and Zeon Corporation for financial support.

Cycle performance of CNT-based SiO||NCM full cell
References[1] T. Hirose et al., J. Electrochem. Soc. 167(12), 120523 (2020).
[2] T. Mae et al., NT22, P3-l-14 (2022).
[3] K. Kaneko et al., Carbon Trends 10, 100245 (2023).
[4] M. Li, et al., Carbon 167, 256 (2020).
[5] M. Hagen, et al., Adv. Energy Mater 5(16), 1401986 (2015).

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CS11
MAXIMIZING ION ACCESSIBILITY IN MXENE-KNOTTED CARBON
NANOTUBE COMPOSITE ELECTRODES FOR HIGH-RATE
ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE
M. Xu 1*1

Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Wuhan (China)*email: ming.xu@hust.edu.cn

Improving the accessibility of ions in the electrodes of electrochemical energy storage devices
is vital for charge storage and rate performance. In particular, the kinetics of ion transport inorganic electrolytes is slow, especially at low operating temperatures. Herein, we report a new
type of MXene-carbon nanotube (CNT) composite electrode that maximizes ion accessibility
resulting in excellent rate performance at low temperatures. The improved ion transport at low
temperatures was made possible by breaking the conventional horizontal alignment of the twodimensional layers of the MXene Ti3C2 by using specially designed knotted CNTs. The large,knot-like structures in the knotted CNTs prevent the usual restacking of the Ti3C2 flakes andcreate fast ion transport pathways. The MXene-knotted CNT composite electrodes achieve highcapacitance (up to 130 F g-1 (276 F cm-3)) in organic electrolytes with high capacitance retention
over a wide scan rate range of 10 mV s-1 to 10 V s-1. This study is also the first report utilizing
MXene-based supercapacitors at low temperatures (down to -60 °C) [1-2].

Fig. 1. Design of the MXene-knotted CNT composite electrodes for efficient ion transportation.

References[1] X. Gao et al., Nat. Commun., 11, 6160 (2020)[2] S. Wu et al., Adv. Mater., 2201046 (2022)

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ROLL-TO-ROLL PRINTING STRETCHABLE OPTOELECTRONICSYNAPSE TRANSISTOR ARRAY AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Z. Jianwen 1*
1

Suzhou institute of nanotech and nanobionics - Suzhou (China)*email: jwzhao2011@sinano.ac.cn

High-performance stretchable optoelectronic synaptic transistor arrays are key units forconstructing and mimicking simulating neuromorphic vision systems. In this talk, we report theultralow-power-consumption and low-operation-voltage stretchable all-carbon optoelectronic
synaptic thin film transistors (TFTs) using sorted semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes(sc-SWCNTs) modified with quantum dots as active layers on ion-liquid based composite
elastomer substrates. The resulting stretchable TFT devices show the enhancement-mode
characteristics with excellent electrical properties, mechanical tensile properties andoptoelectronic synaptic plasticity with ultralow power consumptions at the low operating voltage.
No significant changes of these properties within 20% strain stretching can be observed, and they
can remain correct even after 80% strain stretching. More importantly, we designed the
nonvolatile of conductance which stimulated by UV light and bending angle to simulate
stretchable neuromorphic vision systems (the functions of the crystalline lens and optic cone cells
as bionic eyes) for detecting the atmospheric environment for the first time. The maximum
accuracy of neural network combined with iterative synaptic weight update can reach up to therecord 95.1% as bionic eye.

Optical images and electrical properties of stretchable SWCNT optoelectronic synaptic TFTs under different
stretching strains at the vertical and horizontal directions
References[1] Wang, W. et al. Strain-insensitive intrinsically stretchable transistors and circuits. Nat. Electron. 4, 143-150(2021).
[2] Shim, H. et al. An elastic and reconfigurable synaptic transistor based on a stretchable bilayer semiconductor.
Nat. Electron. 5, 660-671 (2022).
[3]. Shi, J. et al. A Fully Solution-Printed Photosynaptic Transistor Array with Ultralow Energy Consumption for
Artificial-Vision Neural Networks. Adv. Mater. 34, 2200380 (2022).
[4]. Feldmann, J. et al. All-optical spiking neurosynaptic networks with self-learning capabilities. Nature 569, 208214 (2019).
[5]. Li, M. et al. Fully-Solution-Processed Enhancement-Mode Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Carbon
Nanotube Thin Film Transistors Based on BiI3-Doped Crosslinked Poly(4-Vinylphenol) Dielectrics for UltralowPower Flexible Electronics. Small 2207311 (2023).
[6]. Hyunseok, S. et al. Stretchable elastic synaptic transistors for neurologically integrated soft engineering systems.
Sci. Adv. 5, eaax4 (2019).

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DISTINGUISHING WATER CONFINED INSIDE A NANOTUBE FROMWATER ADSORBED OUTSIDE WITH AN INDIVIDUAL SWCNT-FETS. Pashayev 1,*, R. Lhermerout 1, C. Roblin 1, R. Desgarceaux 1, R. Jelinek 1, S. Tahir 1,
V. Jourdain 1, R. Jabbarov 2, F. Henn 1, A. Noury 1
1

Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Univ. Montpellier & CNRS, Montpellier, France - Montpellier (France)
2
Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan - Baku (Azerbaijan)*email: said.pashayev@umontpellier.fr

Single-walled CNTs (swCNTs) have recently gained interest as an intriguing host for thenanoscale confinement of fluids, with a variety of unexpected phenomena such as spontaneous
filling, frictionless mass transport, unusual phase diagram, etc. [1]. The majority of these
phenomena are still under debate and require experimental confirmation. However, it ischallenging in this field to find experimental methods sensitive enough to carry out
measurements at the level of individual nanotubes. On the other side, the electronic properties of
swCNTs were shown to be sensitive to their diameter, defects, doping, adsorbates, andenvironment via swCNT field effect transistors (swCNT-FETs) [2], [3].
In this contribution, we show that individual carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFET)
are the perfect tool for achieving this goal, enabling for the first time to accurate identification ofwater confined inside the nanotube. By investigating the electrical performances of several
unopened and opened CNTFETs submitted to different atmosphere and temperature treatments,
such as dry air, humidity, secondary vacuum, and current annealing, we demonstrate that it ispossible to distinguish between water being outside and inside of the nanotube, just outside, orthe nanotube free from water. Precisely, we found that secondary vacuum and current annealing
both shift the threshold gate voltage of opened swCNTs towards more negative values. However,the secondary vacuum had no effect on closed swCNTs compared to current annealing. We also
demonstrate that this behavior is universal across all devices’ metallicities, assuming that the
nanotube’s surface has been pre-cleaned using current annealing. We will also discuss themechanism behind the coupling of electronic transport and the presence of water.
Our findings open up the possibility of using CNTFET to address long-standing issues in thenanofluidic community regarding the behavior of water confinement at the nanoscale, and also to
use them for reliable, sensitive, and selective chemical and biological sensors.

References[1] T. A. Pascal, W. A. Goddard, and Y. Jung, “Entropy and the driving force for the filling of carbon nanotubes withwater,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 108, no. 29, pp. 11794–11798, 2011,doi:10.1073/pnas.1108073108.
[2] D. Cao et al., “Electronic sensitivity of carbon nanotubes to internal water wetting,” ACS Nano, vol. 5, no. 4, pp.
3113–3119, 2011,DOI:10.1021/nn200251z.
[3] I. Heller, A. M. Janssens, J. Männik, E. D. Minot, S. G. Lemay, and C. Dekker, “Identifying the mechanism of
biosensing with carbon nanotube transistors,” Nano Lett., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 591–595, 2008,DOI:10.1021/nl072996i.

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DEVICE APPLICATIONS OF ONE−DIMENSIONAL VAN DER WAALSHETEROSTRUCTURE NANOTUBES
Y. Feng 1*, W. Jia 1, S. Maruyama 1
1

the University of Tokyo - Tokyo (Japan)*email: fengya@photon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

One-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure nanotube [1] is composed of coaxiallyassembled nanotubes and each layer maintaining its original properties because of the weak van
der Waals forces between layers. Therefore, the different combination of van der Waals layers in
the hetero-nanotubes would enable novel applications in electronics and optoelectronics, such asa radial semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor heterojunction diode [2] due to the inner p-typesemiconducting single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT), middle insulating boron nitride
nanotube (BNNT), and the outmost n-type semiconducting molybdenum disulfide nanotube(MoS2NT). Moreover, when the inner SWCNT is metallic, the three-layer van der Waals heteronanotube is behaving like a metal-insulator-semiconductor tunneling diode. In the diode cases,
the thickness of the middle BNNT layer is critical to ensure sufficient tunneling current. Besides,
the insulating BNNT can also work as a dielectric layer for SWCNT transistors so that the twolayer SWCNT-BNNT van der Waals hetero-nanotube can be made into an efficient transistor
with lower hysteresis and improved working stability. Furthermore, additional SWCNT layer
outside of BNNT can enable gate-all-around field-effect transistor with the three-layer SWCNTBNNT-SWCNT hetero-nanotube owing to the metallicity of large diameter SWCNTs.

References[1] Xiang, R., et al., One-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. Science, 2020. 367(6477): p. 537.
[2] Feng, Y., et al., One-Dimensional van der Waals Heterojunction Diode. ACS Nano, 2021. 15(3): p. 5600-5609.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Part of this work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP20H00220, and by JST, CREST Grant
Number JPMJCR20B5, Japan. Y. F. is financially supported by a JSPS Fellowship (P21364).

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ELECTRICAL MONITORING OF ORGANIC CRYSTAL PHASE
TRANSITION USING MOS2 FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR
I. Boulet 1*
Cinam - Marseille (France)*email: ilan.boulet@cnrs.fr

1

Hybrid van der Waals heterostructures made of 2D materials and organic molecules exploit
the high sensitivity of 2D materials to all interfacial modifications and the inherent versatility ofthe organic compounds [1-3]. In this study, we are interested in the quinoïdal zwitterion/MoS2
hybrid system in which organic crystals are grown by epitaxy on the MoS2 surface and canreorganize in other forms after thermal annealing [4]. By means of field effect transistor
measurements and atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate that the charge transfer between
organic molecules and 2D materials strongly depends on the conformation of the molecular film.
This work shows the great sensibility of MoS2 transistors for sensing molecular events occurringat the nanoscale providing a new experimental tool in addition to the usual microscopies andspectroscopies techniques.

Drain current at different stages. This figure shows the evolution of the drain current of the MoS2 transistor atdifferent steps of the experiment, from deposition of the organic molecules to their annealing. This changes of thedrain current allows us to follow the shapes of the crystals grown of the surface.
References[1] I. Boulet, S. Pascal, F. Bedu, I. ozerov, A. Ranguis, T. Leoni, C. Becker, L. MASSON, A. Matkovic, C. Teichert,
O. Siri, C. Attaccalite, J. Huntzinger, M. Paillet, A. Zahab and R. Parret, Nanoscale Adv., 2023, AcceptedManuscript[2] Late, D. J.; Huang, Y.-K.; Liu, B.; Acharya, J.; Shirodkar, S. N.; Luo, J.; Yan, A.; Charles, D.; Waghmare, U. V.;
Dravid, V. P.; Rao, C. N. R. Sensing Behavior of Atomically Thin-Layered MoS 2 Transistors. ACS Nano 2013, 7(6), 4879–4891.
[3] Li, N.; Wang, Q.; Shen, C.; Wei, Z.; Yu, H.; Zhao, J.; Lu, X.; Wang, G.; He, C.; Xie, L.; Zhu, J.; Du, L.; Yang,
R.; Shi, D.; Zhang, G. Large-Scale Flexible and Transparent Electronics Based on Monolayer Molybdenum
Disulfide Field-Effect Transistors. Nat. Electron. 2020, 3 (11), 711–717.
[4] Lockhart de la Rosa, C. J.; Phillipson, R.; Teyssandier, J.; Adisoejoso, J.; Balaji, Y.; Huyghebaert, C.; Radu, I.;
Heyns, M.; De Feyter, S.; De Gendt, S. Molecular Doping of MoS 2 Transistors by Self-Assembled Oleylamine
Networks. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2016, 109 (25), 253112.

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EXPLORING THE BEST CVD CONDITIONS FOR GROWTH OF SMALLDIAMETER SINGLE-WALL CARBON NANOTUBES USING AN
AUTONOMOUS RESEARCH SYSTEM
B. Everhart 1, R. Rao 2, T.W. Liu 3, D. Gómez-Gualdrón 3, B. Maruyama 2, P. Amama 1,*
Kansas State University - Manhattan (United States)
Air Force Research Laboratory - Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (United States)
3
Colorado School of Mines - Golden (United States)*email: pamama@ksu.edu
1

2

Due to the breadth of parameters that affect growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) via chemical vapor deposition, rapid experimentation is a powerful tool forinvestigating conditions for selective growth of small-diameter SWCNTs. Here we utilize an
Autonomous Research System (ARES)—an automated, high throughput, laser-induced CVD
system with in situ Raman spectral feedback—to study the roles of Ru promotion of Co catalyst
and type of feedstock in the growth of small-diameter SWCNTs at different temperatures. We
demonstrate through over 200 growth experiments in ARES and ex-situ multi-excitation Raman
spectroscopic characterization that Ru-promoted Co catalyst nearly doubles the selectivity ofsmall-diameter SWCNTs (diameters below 1nm) between growth temperatures of 650°C
and700°C in comparison to pure Co. At elevated temperatures between 800 and 850°C, Ru
stabilizes Co catalyst nanoparticles and increases the selectivity of small-diameter SWCNTs byalmost a factor of three. Results reveal SWCNT diameters are not only dependent on the size ofthe catalyst but also on the precursor chemistry as selectivity towards small-diameter SWCNTs
decreases in the following order: ethylene > acetylene (1% in He) > FTS-GP (Fischer-Tropsch
synthesis gaseous product mixture). Density functional theory (DFT) simulations using 13- and55-atom clusters with similar Ru/Co ratios provide mechanistic insight into the observed
phenomenon, revealing increased cohesive energies of Co clusters after the addition of Ru
irrespective of the location. Our findings indicate the presence of ~10% Ru in Co increases thesintering resistance and stability of small nanoparticles, as well as selectivity towards smalldiameter SWCNTs.

Graphical abstract. Role of Ru promotion of Co catalysts in the growth of small-diameter SWCNTs.
References
B. M. Everhart, R. Rao, P. Nikolaev, T-W Liu, D. Gómez-Gualdrón, B. Maruyama, P. B. Amama, "HighThroughput Experimentation for Selective Growth of Small-Diameter Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes using RuPromoted Co Catalysts," Chem. Mater. 2022, 34, 4548.
B. M. Everhart, H. Almkhelfe, X. Li, M. Wales, P. Nikolaev, R. Rao, B. Maruyama, P. B. Amama, "Efficient
Growth of Carbon Nanotube Carpets Enabled by In Situ Generation of Water," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2020, 59, 9095.

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SYNTHESIS OF STRAIGHT SINGLE-WALL NANOTUBES DIRECTEDBY ELECTRIC FIELDS IN AN ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSMISSIONELECTRON MICROSCOPE
S. Purcell 1,*, P. Vincent 1, F. Panciera 2, I. Florea 3, C. Cojocaru 3, P. Legagneux 4
UCBLyon 1, CNRS, ILM, 69622, Villeurbanne, France - Lyon (France)
University Paris-Saclay, CNRS, C2N, 91120 Palaiseau, France - Palaiseau (France)
3
LPICM, Ecole Polytechnique, IP-Paris, 91228 Palaiseau, France - Palaiseau (France)
4
Thales Research and Technology, Palaiseau, France - Palaiseau (France)*email: stephen.purcell@univ-lyon1.fr
1

2

Real-time observations are presented of the aligning effect of electric fields on the synthesis
by chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in an environmental transmission
electron microscope (ETEM). The CNTs were grown within the gap of a micro-capacitor
incorporated in a specifically designed heating micro-chip. Individual CNTs are easily resolved
during this “Electric-Field-Directed-Synthesis” (EFDS) as they appear as extremely straight lines
growing parallel to the field. They are predominantly Single Wall CNTs (SWNTs).
Unprecedented excellent determination of their growth rates (R) are obtained and followed
dynamically. Constant R is mostly observed but other behaviors are observed such as growth rate
acceleration. For low applied voltages the growing SWNTs can cross the gap and connect to the
opposite electrode upon which some are destroyed by mechanical failure or during the contact.
For high applied positive voltages, Field Emission (FE) can occur and the lengths are limited
within the gap because the FE leads to new saturation or destruction processes. This can result in
the remarkable configuration where a nanotube can simultaneously grow at the base while it isevaporated at the apex. These first in-situ EFDS experiments allow us to envisage many
complementary experiments eventually coupled with other characterization techniques such as
HRTEM growth observations at the catalyst level or better characterization of the SWNTs
produced to determine their metallic or semiconductor character and their chirality.

a) SEM image of the active part of the micro-chip. One cantilever is Joule heated and the second cantilever ispolarized to apply the electric field in the gap. b) Observation of an EFDS for a polarization of +50 V. SWNTs
appear as straight bright lines. c) Video processing to obtain kymographs for growth rates, R, measurements. d)
kymograph obtained on a nanotube showing a constant rate of R = 22 nm/s. e) kymograph showing R accelerating.
For the longer SWNT, R increases regularly from 11 to 20 nm/s. f) kymograph showing an abrupt R variation (16 to
33 nm/s).

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ONE-DIMENSIONAL VAN DER WAALS HETEROSTRUCTURE:
SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES OF TRANSITION METALDICHALCOGENIDES ISOLATED BY BORON-NITRIDE NANOTUBES
Y. Nakanishi 1,*, S. Furusawa 1, Y. Yomogida 1, Y. Sato 2, K. Yanagi 1, K. Suenaga 3, Y. Miyata 1
1

Tokyo Metropolitan University - Tokyo (Japan), 2AIST - Tsukuba (Japan), 3Osaka University - Osaka (Japan)*email: naka24ysk@tmu.ac.jp

A wealth of chemistry and physics research on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has spurred
experimental and theoretical interest in inorganic nanotubes, particularly for transition metal
dichalcogenides (TMDs). Single-walled TMD nanotubes (SW-TMDNTs) are expected to exhibit
tunable electronic properties depending on their chirality and chemical composition, making
them attractive for a variety of applications. However, conventional bulk syntheses exclusively
produce multi-walled structures, and the structural and electronic properties of SW-TMDNTs
have been much less explored. In contrast to the traditional syntheses, the recently developed
template reactions have yielded crystalline SW-MoS2NTs wrapped around CNTs and boronnitride nanotubes (BNNTs) [1,2]. In particular, insulating BNNTs (bandgap is ~6 eV) can serve
as “nano-test-tubes” that hardly interfere with the intrinsic electronic properties of guest
materials, while their practical use as 1D templates has been severely hampered by their poor
dispersibility. Here we present a coaxial growth of SW-TMDNTs using BNNTs as templates. We
have developed the surfactant-assisted preparation of well-dispersed BNNTs and the BNNTtemplated synthesis of 1D van der Waals heterostructures [3]. Our methodology enables theversatile synthesis of TMDNTs with different diameters, chiral angles, and compositions [4]. By
utilizing the inner space as well as the outer wall of BNNTs, we have synthesized SW-MoS2NTs
with various diameters, including 5 nm or less. The few-nm-wide MoS2NTs are stabilized withinprotective BNNTs to facilitate their characterization. The chiral indices (n,m) of SW-MoS2NTs
have been individually assigned by using transmission electron microscopy, and statisticalanalyses reveal a broad distribution of their chirality. The BNNT-templated reaction can beapplied to extend the variations of their chemical constituents, such as selenides, ternary alloys,
and Janus structures. Our study lays further groundwork for the study of structural and electronic
properties of TMDNTs towards chirality-controlled synthesis and potential applications in
optoelectronics.

Schematics and electron micrographs of single-walled MoS2NTs (a) wrapped around BNNTs and (b) confinedwithin BNNTs.
References[1] R. Xiang et al., Science 367, 537 (2020).
[2] L. Ming et al., ACS Nano 15, 8418 (2021)[3] S. Furusawa, Y. Nakanishi et al., ACS Nano 16, 16636 (2022).
[4] S. Furusawa, Y. Nakanishi et al., To be sumitted.

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EFFICIENT CONTROLLED GROWTH OF SINGLE-WALL CARBON
NANOTUBES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES
F. Zhang 1,*, C. Liu 1
1

Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang (China)*email: fengzhang@imr.ac.cn

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with uniform structures are highly desired for
fabricating high-performance electronics. Great efforts have been devoted to controlled
synthesizing structure-specific SWCNTs1, 2. However, there is a conflict between the growthefficiency and structural uniformity of SWCNTs prepared by chemical vapor deposition, which
seriously limits their application exploration. We tried to figure out the reason by systematicallyinvestigating the thermodynamic and kinetic factors from a chemical reaction view. It was foundthat kinetic parameters should be matched with the catalyst with suitable size and composition3,
small-size metal nanoparticles with high thermal stability are critical for achieving efficient
growth of structural uniform SWCNTs. To obtain SWCNT-based derivatives with fascinating
properties, SWCNT was respectively used as a nanoreactor and template. SWCNTs were cut by
defect-induced etchingand used as reactors to prepare WO3 nanowire@SWCNTs with excellent
radiation resistance4. Free-standing SWCNT@h-BN films were efficiently prepared by a defectinduced epitaxial growth mode5. This provides new insights and a platform for exploring theapplication of SWCNTs.

References[1] Hou, P. X.#; Zhang, F.#; Zhang, L. L.; Liu, C.*; Cheng, H. M.*, S. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, (11), 20.
[2] Zhang, F.; Hou, P. X.; Liu, C.*; Cheng, H. M., Carbon 2016, 102, 181-197.
[3] Li, X.#; Zhang, F.#; Zhang, L. L.; Ji, Z. H.; Zhao, Y. M.; Xu, Z. W.*; Wang, Y.; Hou, P. X.*; Tian, M.; Zhao, H.
B.; Jiang, S.; Ping, L. Q.; Cheng, H. M.; Liu, C. *, ACS Nano 2022, 16, (1), 232-240.
[4] Zheng, X.; Zhang, Z. C.; Zhou, G.; Zou, M. K.; Zhang, F.*; Hou, P. X.; Shi, C.; Cheng, H. M.; Wang, M. G.*;
Liu, C.*,. Nanoscale, 2023, 10.1039/d2nr06696c.
[5] Yu, C.; Zhang, L. L, Zhou, G.; Zhang, F.*; Zhang, Z. C.; Wu A.; Hou, P. X.; Cheng, H. M.; Liu, C.*, Materials
2023, accepted.

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GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS FOR CANCER THERAPY AND
DIAGNOSTICS
A. Naumov 1*
1

Texas Christian University - Fort Worth (United States)*email: a.naumov@tcu.edu

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are a class of carbon nanomaterials that can possess anumber of advantageous properties engineered via controlled synthesis or functionalization.
GQDs have recently found their use in many biomedical applications from disease detection totreatment and drug delivery. Cancer is one of the most prominent disease targets of carbon
nanomaterials-driven therapeutic approaches due to its staggering mortality rate. However, thetranslation of GQDs into clinic has been hampered by their lower biocompatibility andaccumulation-driven toxic responses. Our recent work is focused on the development of
biocompatible and biodegradable GQDs synthesized from biological precursors and enablingnear-infrared fluorescence image-based diagnostics. These GQDs are produced via a single-stephydrothermal microwave-assisted method allowing for concomitant doping, while retaining
product biocompatibility at above 1 mg/mL concentrations. Metal-doped GQDs possess thecapability ultrasonic contrast imaging that can be utilized for deeper tissue cancer diagnostic
applications. The 10-fold ultrasound imaging enhancement is observed with metal-doped GQDs
in tissue phantom as well as animal tissue. GQD intrinsic fluorescence can itself serve as a noninvasive diagnostic sensing tool, as it can be affected by the binding of different drugs, genes andbiomolecules to the GQDs. This optical sensing mechanism is used in our work for identifying
trace quantities of cancer-generated genes for early personalized cancer detection. Such sensor
prepared from the GQDs complexed with the bait DNA sequence complementary to the target
pancreatic cancer miRNA exhibits successful detection of the stem and loop portions of the target
gene discriminating against non-complementary sequences. Therapeutic applications of the
GQDs developed in our work involve both drug delivery and direct GQD-driven therapy. GQDs
targeted to CD44 receptor overexpressed in a variety of tumors are utilized as drugdelivery/imaging agents transporting redox therapeutics to breast cancer cells. While targeting
increases local therapeutic concentrations, the electron rich GQD platform advantageously
enhances the redox action mechanism of the delivered therapeutic. Direct cancer treatment
applications developed with these GQDs include in vitro photothermal therapy. GQDs irradiatedwith 808 nm laser can increase the temperatures of local cellular environments up to 54.5°C
sufficient to decrease HeLa cancer cell viability down to 22.9%. Successfully demonstrating
cancer therapeutic, delivery and diagnostic capabilities, these biocompatible GQDs can help
advance carbon nanomaterials to clinical applications.

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THREE-DIMENSIONAL SINGLE-PARTICLE TRACKING OF SWCNTS
AT DEPTH IN COMPLEX (BIO)ENVIRONMENTS
Q. Gresil 1,*, A. Lee 2, L. Cognet 1
LP2N - Institut d’Optique, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux - Talence (France)
Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, CNRS, Sorbonne Université - Paris (France)*email: quentin.gresil@u-bordeaux.fr
1

2

The nanoscale architecture of living organs is often heterogeneous and tortuous. In the brain
extracellular space (ECS), for instance, this complex maze is delimited by cellular walls whereions and signaling molecules diffuse, and its architecture is acknowledged to be important for
proper function [1]. However, its precise structure is still mostly unknown. To address thischallenge, recent advances in single-particle tracking based on SWIR emitting single-walledcarbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) opened the avenue for exploring the ECS at the nanoscale at depth
in living tissue [1]. However, in current approaches, the optical microscope point-spread function(PSF) limits the tracking of fluorescent nanoparticles to the two-dimensional imaging plane,
restricting access to the axial information of the structure under study. PSF engineering canovercome this limitation by changing the shape of the PSF through phase modulation of thefluorescence signal [2], but it still needs to be adapted to the SWIR domain and in the context ofdynamic imaging at depth. We will show how three-dimensional tracking of SWCNTs can beachieved using a customized double-helix phase mask [4] operating in the SWIR. Because
nanotubes are not spherical objects, 3D angular diffusion of the nanotubes shall also be
considered. Applications to the study of the brain ECS structure will then be presented.

References[1] C. Paviolo et al, Nano Lett. 22 (2022) 6849-6856[2] L. Diezmann et al, Chem. Rev. 117 (2017) 7244–7275[3] O. Lévêque et al., Opt. Express 28 (2020) 32426-32446[4] S. Pavani et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (2009) 2995-2999

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THERAPEUTIC TARGETING OF CDK4 KINASE IN PANCREATICCANCER USING FUNCTIONNALIZED SINGLE-WALLED CARBON
NANOTUBES
L. Chavignon 1,*, C. Blanc 2, M.C. Morris 3, E. Anglaret 1
Université de Montpellier - Montpellier (France)
2
CNRS Montpellier - Montpellier (France)
3
Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron - Montpellier (France)*email: luc.chavignon@umontpellier.fr
1

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with an increasing incidence due to a lack ofearly-stage diagnostics and effective treatment [1]. The RAS/RAF/MAPK/CDK4 pathway isfrequently dysregulated in pancreatic cancer and CDK4 constitutes an attractive target since
several drugs (eg Abemaciclib, Ribociclib and Palbociclib) have been approved by the FDA toinhibit its activity [2,3]. However, these inhibitors are not efficient in. To propose an efficienttherapeutic strategy to target CDK4 in pancreatic cancer, we propose to deliver Abemaciclib into
pancreatic cancer cells using carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are promising materials fornanomedicine applications and especially for drug delivery [4]. Here, we study the adsorption ofAbemaciclib onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) dispersed in water using
carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), for subsequent delivery of the drug into pancreatic cancer cells.
The adsorption is followed by the changes in the optical signatures of SWNTs in the nearinfrared (NIR) using coupled NIR absorption, photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopies [5].
We discuss the results in terms of changes of the dielectric environment of the nanotubes, leading
to modulation of their excitonic and optical properties. In order to quantify the amount ofadsorbed drug on SWNT, HPLC-MS measurements have been performed. In addition, we
compared the adsorption kinetics and adsorbed amounts of Abemaciclib with those of
Doxorubicin, another anti-cancer drug, which fluoresces in the visible. [6] We have further
investigated the inhibitory potential of SWNT-Abemaciclib on proliferation of PANC1 cells andhave determined the toxic threshold of SWNT dispersed in CMC.

NIR absorption (left) and Raman/PL (excited at 1064 nm, right) series of spectra probing the kinetics of adsorptionof Abemaciclib on aqueous suspensions of SWNT dispersed with CMC
References[1] Anne Weston, By Eric Bender, s. d., Nature, 2. 2020[2] Joline S.J. Lim et al Cancer Discovery 6, no 7 697-99, 2021
[3] Erik S. Knudsen et al, Trends in Cancer 3, no 1 39-55, 2017[4] V. R. Raphey et al., Materials Science and Engineering: C 100 616-30, 2019[5] Fernando J. Torres-Canas et al., J.l Phys. Chem. C 119, 703-9, 2015[6] Moumita Ghosh et al. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 142 367-76, 2016

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NEAR INFRARED FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME IMAGING OF
BIOMOLECULES WITH CARBON NANOTUBES
L. Sistemich 1,*, P. Galonska 1, J. Stegemann 2, S. Kruss 1
Physical Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum - Bochum (Germany)
Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems - Duisburg (Germany)*email: linda.sistemich@rub.de1

2

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are versatile building blocks for biosensors. Theirfluorescence in the near infrared (NIR) enables detection of small molecules as well as proteinsor pathogens in the NIR optical transparency window. The selectivity of such sensors is tailoredby modification of their organic corona. Interaction of the corona with an analyte changes thefluorescence intensity of the sensor. However, optical signals like fluorescence intensities can bebiased by external factors as sample movement or fluctuation in excitation light, which do notaffect the other features of fluorescence signals such as the fluorescence lifetime.Here, we showthat changes in the fluorescence lifetime can be used as a readout for sensing small molecules.
Therefore, we tailored a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) for NIR signals (>800 nm)
and employed time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC). (GT)10-DNA functionalized
SWCNTs are known to increase their fluorescence in response to the neurotransmitter dopamine.
Fluorescence lifetime (980 nm) of such sensors increases by up to 25 % with detection limits inthe nM range. Applying the lifetime sensor as a paint covering cells, we were able to image
extracellular dopamine. Utilizing a laser scanning confocal microscope reveals spatial
information in 3D and also allows to trace the sensor response in a small confined volume toincrease the temporal resolution. We demonstrate for the first time, that NIR fluorescence
lifetime of SWCNTs can be used to monitor small molecules in solution. Furthermore, lifetime
imaging with confocal microscopy allows detection of biomolecules in well-defined locations
around cells. In perspective, this approach will help to gain deeper understanding of chemicalsignaling between cells.

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CARBON NANOMATERIALS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS –A CASE STUDY
L. Zhu 1*
UNSW - Sydney (Australia)*email: lin.zhu3@unsw.edu.au
1

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been intensively researched for both fundamental studies andapplications since its discovery about three decades ago. The diverse physical and chemical
properties of CNTs are useful in various applications, such as electronics, automotive andaerospace vehicles, and biomedical systems. We found that the cytotoxicity of multiwalledcarbon nanotubes (MWNTs) depend on their concentration, size, and surface chemical groups(e.g., -COOH). MWNTs and MWNT-COOH could accumulate in human lung macrophage cells(U937), but they did not produce overt cell toxicity within the concentration range of 5-50 µg/ml
up to 24 h. However, there were morphological alterations at low doses of MWNT-COOH andsignificant reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation for MWNTs at higher doses, indicating a
distinguished possible cellular stress response and DNA damage from both materials. MWNTs
also induced DNA damage in mouse embryonic stem cells. These studies underpin subsequent
research, which demonstrated that carbon nanomaterials could act as efficient phototherapy
agents for a large variety of phototherapeutic applications, including cancer treatment.

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CHARGE INDUCED EXCITON LOCALIZATION IN SEMICONDUCTINGSINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
E. Christensen 1*, T. Tumiel 1, M. Amin 1, T. Krauss 1
1

University of Rochester - Rochester (United States)*email: echrist5@ur.rochester.edu

As-synthesized, semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are nominallycharge neutral. However, ionic surfactants that are commonly used to disperse SWCNTs insolution can lead to significantly charged aggregates adsorbed to the nanotube. In thispresentation, we will discuss how electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) was used to characterize
the static-charge interactions between an individual SWCNT and its local environment. We
report nonuniform spatial charge distributions with highly varying magnitudes ranging between±15 e associated with surfactant coverage on long SWCNTs (length >1.5 μm). EFM images
acquired after resonant photoexcitation demonstrate charge carrier localization due toelectrostatic interactions with charged surfactant aggregates. Charge densities as measured by
EFM are used to estimate the depth of this electrostatically induced potential well, calculated to
be on the order of hundreds of millielectronvolts, suggesting that surfactant charges
heterogeneously covering SWCNTs provide traps for excitons potentially leading to theirlocalization. This result is most apparent in our correlative AFM and single molecule opticalmeasurements, showing that charged, surfactant-covered areas on the nanotube result inphotoluminescence that is highly localized when compared to the NT length. The localized
photoluminescence is significantly brighter, and has redshifted spectra by several nm, relative toneutral charge regions. This work provides the framework for controlling the photophysicalproperties of SWCNTs and has encouraged efforts to impart control over exciton localization.

AFM and PL images of SWCNT. (a) Topographic and (b) charge profile image of a sodium cholate coated
SWCNT. The white box in (a) and (b) surrounds a surfactant aggregate with a calculated charge ~10 e per EFM
resolution. (c) Correlated PL image overlaid onto an AFM topographic image. PL is (c) brighter and (d) redshifted at
the sites of charged surfactant aggregates.

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TUNABLE MAGNETIC INTERACTION IN HOMOBILAYER MOIRÉTMDS
E. Anderson 1,*, X. Xu 1, W. Yao 2, F.R. Fan 2, T. Taniguchi 3, K. Watanabe 3
University of Washington - Seattle (United States)
The University of Hong Kong - Hong Kong (China)
3
National Institute for Materials Science - Tsukuba (Japan)*email: eca55@uw.edu
1

2

Transition metal dichalcogenide hetero- and homobilayer moiré systems have establishedthemselves as a versatile platform for exploring Hubbard model physics. Their constituent
monolayers are notable for a single spin-valley locked pseudospin degree of freedom. However,heterobilayer moiré systems intrinsically break the layer degree of freedom, and most TMDs
transition from direct to indirect bandgap semiconductors in the bilayer, complicatinghomobilayer moiré physics. Here, we employ magneto-optical measurements to probe a near-AA
stacked homobilayer MoTe2 moiré system. Doping dependent photoluminescence reveals
electric field tunable correlated states, and demonstrates the retention of a direct bandgap at the K
and K’ points in bilayer. Additional magnetic circular dichroism measurements show signaturesof tunable magnetic interactions. The behavior demonstrated via this suite of optical probes
establishes moiré MoTe2 as a promising platform for observing correlated and topologicalphysics.

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CHARGED INTERLAYER EXCITON CRYSTALLIZATIONPHENOMENA IN BILAYER TMD HETEROSTRUCTURES
I. Bondarev 1,*, Y. Lozovik 2
North Carolina Central University - Durham (United States)
Institute of Spectroscopy and Russian Quantum Center - Moscow (Russian Federation)*email: ibondarev@nccu.edu
1

2

We develop the theory of the crystallization phenomena for charged interlayer excitons (CIE)
discovered recently in highly excited transition-metal-dichalcogenide (TMD) heterobilayers [1].
We derive the ratio of the average potential interaction energy to the average kinetic energy anddiscuss the ’cold’ long-range crystallization phase transition for the many-particle CIE systemwith and without a perpendicular magnetostatic field applied [2,3]. In zero-magnetic-field case,the strongly correlated phases are predicted — crystal and Wigner crystal for the unlike-charge
and like-charge CIEs, respectively, — that can be selectively realized for TMD bilayers ofproperly chosen electron-hole effective masses by just varying their interlayer separation
distance. In non-zero-magnetic-field case, we generalize the effective g-factor concept previously
formulated for interlayer excitons [4] to include the formation of CIEs [2]. We show thatmagnetic-field-induced Wigner crystallization and melting of CIEs can be observed inmagnetophotoluminescence experiments with TMD heterobilayes of systematically varied
electron-hole doping concentrations (see Fig.1). Our results extend potential capabilities of TMD
bilayer heterostructures and can be used for coherent photon emission control, charge transportand spinoptronics applications with this new family of transdimensional quantum materials [5-7].

Fig.1. TOP LEFT: Schematic of TMD bilayers under study, with negative (upper bilayer) and positive (lower
bilayer) CIE complexes subjected to a perpendicular homogeneous magnetostatic field. TOP RIGHT: Top view of
the crystal phase (a) and liquid phase (b) for the negative CIEs in the strong magnetic field directed upward.
BOTTOM: Effective g-factor behavior as predicted by the magnetic-field-induced Wigner crystallization model forthe positive (left) and negative (right) CIEs in a generic AA-stacked TMD heterobilayer with doped carrier energy U
in the strong field regime [line thickness increase indicates stronger field; nu_c=0.13 is the critical filling factor
value; the upper (lower) sign in the equations on the right is for the AA(AB)-stacked bilayer].
References[1] L.A.Jauregui, et al., Science 366, 870 (2019).
[2] I.V.Bondarev and Yu.E.Lozovik, Communications Physics 5, 315 (2022).
[3] I.V.Bondarev, O.L.Berman, R.Ya.Kezerashvili, and Yu.E.Lozovik, Communications Physics 4, 134 (2021).
[4] P.Nagler, et al., Nature Communications, 8, 1551 (2017).
[5] A.Boltasseva and V.M.Shalaev, ACS Photonics 6, 1 (2019).
[6] D.Shah, et al., Nano Lett. 22, 4622 (2022).
[7] I.V.Bondarev, Annalen der Physik 2200331 (2022).

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CAN EXCITON-PHOTON POLARITONS INCREASE THE DISTANCEAND EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY TRANSFER IN THIN FILMS OF
CARBON NANOTUBES IN PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES?
A. Dhavamani 1, L. Haeberlé 2, M. Son 1, Z. Armstrong 1, R. Allen 1, M. Zanni 1,
S. Kéna-Cohen 2, M. Arnold 1,*
1

University of Wisconsin-Madison - Madison (United States)
2
Polytechnique Montréal - Montréal (Canada)*email: michael.arnold@wisc.edu

When strong optical absorbers with large exciton binding energy, like semiconducting carbon
nanotubes, are embedded into an optical microcavity, new quasiparticles called polaritons areformed due to coupling between the exciton and microcavity photon modes. The polaritons haveboth excitonic and photonic properties, including the potential to be spatially delocalized like
photons. The behaviors of carbon nanotube exciton polaritons in microcavities are just beginningto be explored,[1-3] including their potential usefulness in light harvesting devices.[4] We
recently reported in Ref. 5 on the long-range energy transfer of excitons from (6,5) to (7,5)
semiconducting carbon nanotubes across an insulating barrier 150 nm thick in an optical
microcavity, mediated by moderate and strong exciton-photon polariton coupling and measured
via two-dimensional, white-light spectroscopy. This result lends itself to a scientificallyinteresting and potentially technologically important question: Can exciton-photon polariton
coupling increase the distance and efficiency of energy transfer in thin films of carbon nanotubes
in photovoltaic devices? To answer this question, we have embedded nanotube-C60 photovoltaic
devices in microcavities and quantified the efficiency of energy transfer to the nanotube-C60
heterointerface via photocurrent readout, as a function of nanotube film thickness and couplingstrength. A moderate improvement both in incident photon to collected electron efficiency(ICPE) and adsorbed photon to collected electron efficiency (APCE) are indeed observed in thepresence of both moderate and strong exciton-photon coupling. This result opens the door to new
exciton and energy transfer physics in nanotube thin films and the potential for new routes formore efficiently leveraging nanotubes as the light harvesting components of photodetectors andpossibly solar cells.

Fig. 1. (a) Nanotube (CNT) / C60 heterojunction in microcavity. (b) Representative ICPE data for different CNT
film thicknesses.
References[1] Graf, A. et al., Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 1–7, doi: 10.1038/ncomms13078.
[2] Gao, W. et al., Nat. Photonics 2018, 12, 362–367, doi: 10.1038/s41566-018-0157-9.
[3] Dhavamani, A., et al.. ACS Photonics 2021, 8 (8), 2375, doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00540.
[4] Mischok A. et. al., J. Chem. Phys. 153, 201104, 2020, doi: 10.1063/5.0031293.
[5] Son. M. et al., Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 7305, doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35046-2.

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THEORETICAL STUDIES ON THE CHIRALITY CONTROL TOWARDSSINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
X. Wang 1*, D. Feng 1
1

Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Shenzhen (China)*email: xiao.wang@siat.ac.cn

Based on the unique structures and outstanding chirality-based electronic properties, singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are regarded as one of the core candidates in the newgeneration of carbon-based materials. Therefore, chirality-controlled growth of SWNTs is theparamount object in the field. We have been dedicating on the growth mechanism towards thechirality control and achieved a series of works. Thermodynamically, we have designed a new
growth model, i. e. anisotropic growth when using W-based bimetal with high melting point as
the catalysts[1-4]. Combining with the chirality-specific growth of (2m, m) when using metallic
carbide as the catalyst, we have proposed the symmetry control mechanism[5] and further
designed a new route for chirality control, i. e. symmetry control, dynamic control, and size
control. Kinetically, we proposed the chirality mutation theory for conventional catalysts such as
Fe, Co and Ni, which explained the experimental observation on the enrichment of near-armchair
SWNT[6]. Based on the symmetry control mechanism[7], we further put forward symmetrybreaking theory for Pt group catalyst with larger atomic size and revealed the growth mechanismof armchair SWNTS that grows kinetically unfavorably on the Pt-group surfaces and predictedthat the Pd might be the excellent catalyst for the growth of armchair SWNTs. In summary, we
have consummated the chirality-specific growth mechanism on SWNTs and discover the key
factor for chirality control, which can be used as the guide for the next experimental design.

References[1] Yang F., Wang, X. Zhang, D. Q., Yang, J., Luo, D., Xu, Z. W., Wei, J. K., Wang, J. Q., Xu, Z., Peng, F., Li, X.
M., Li, R. M., Li, Y. L., Li, M. H., Bai, X. D., Ding, F., Li Y.*, Nature 2014, 510: 522.
[2] Yang, F. Wang, X., Zhang, D. Q., Qi, K., Yang, J. Xu, Z., Li, M. H., Zhao, X. L., Bai, X. D., Li Y.*, J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 2015, 137: 8688.
[3] Yang, F., Wang, X., Si, J., Zhao, X. L., Qi, K., Jin, C. H., Zhang, Z. Y., Li, M. H., Zhang, D. Q., Yang, J.,
Zhang, Z. Y., Xu, Z., Peng, L. M., Bai, X. D., Li Y.*, ACS Nano 2016, 11: 186[4] Yang, F., Wang, X., Li, M. H., Liu, X. Y., Zhao, X. L., Zhang, D. Q., Zhang, Y., Yang J., Li Y.*, Acc. Chem.
Res. 2016, 49: 606.
[5] Zhang, S. C.,# Kang, L, X.,# Wang, X., Tong, L. M., Yang, L. W., Wang, Z. Q., Qi, K., Deng, S. B., Li, Q. W.,
Bai, X. D., Ding, F., Zhang J.*, Nature 2017, 543: 234.
[6] Wang, X., Ding F.* J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10: 735.
[7] Zhang, S. C.,# Wang, X.,# Yao, F. R., He, M. S., Lin, D. W., Ma, H., Sun, Y. Y., Zhao, Q. C., Liu, K. H., Ding,
F.* Zhang J.*, Chem 2019, 5: 1.

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EXCITONIC EFFECTS IN ENERGY LOSS SPECTRA OF
FREESTANDING GRAPHENE
A. Guandalini 1,*, R. Senga 2, Y.C. Li 2, K. Suenaga 2, A. Ferretti 3, D. Varsano 3, A. Recchia 4,
P. Barone 5, F. Mauri 1, T. Pichler 6, C. Kramberger 6
2

1
Università di Roma La Sapienza - Roma (Italy)
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology - Tsukuba (Japan)
3
Istituto Nanoscienze, CNR - Modena (Italy)
4
Center for Life NanoScience, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia - Roma (Italy)
5
CNR-SPIN - Roma (Italy)
6
University of Vienna - Vienna (Austria)*email: alberto.guandalini@uniroma1.it

We unravel the importance of many-body effects on the finite momentum EELS ( electronenergy loss spectrum) of freestanding graphene by comparing very recent experimental measuresobtained with high resolution in energy and momentum with ab initio calculations [1].
Calculations are performed at increasing levels of theory, elucidating the importance of the e-einteraction in the quasi-particle properties (included with the GW method) and the e-h interaction(included by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation). Both interactions needs to be included in thedescription of the EELS spectrum to obtain a quantitative agreement with experiments, and we
observe that while the excitation gap dispersion is dominated by e-e interaction, the dispersion ofthe π plasmon is governed by an expected constant e-e and an unexpected e-h interaction
increasing with momentum transfer. Both the shapes of the onset and the π plasmon are
significantly affected by the e-h effects. This project has received funding from the European
Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
program (MORE-TEM ERC-SYN project, grant agreement No 951215.

References[1] A. Guandalini et al. Physical Review Letters (2023), submitted

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PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF GRAPHENE GLASS FIBER
Y. Qi 1,*1

Beijing Graphene Insititute - Beijing (China)*email: qiyue@bgi-graphene.com

Graphene glass fiber (GGF) is a new advanced graphene composite material developed
through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method with graphene covering on the surface of glass
fiber. Glass fiber is a commercial lightweight structural material with high mechanical strengthand flexibility, and has been widely used as a reinforcing material in aircraft, automobiles, etc.
Considering the intrinsic excellent infrared properties of graphene and glass fiber, a dualinfrared-emitter design was reasonably constructed in this new composite. Dual-emitter GGF
followed the law of gray-body radiation, showing high infrared radiation capability[1].
Meanwhile, the infrared radiation of GGF can be effectively modulated through the band
structure engineering of graphene. Graphitic nitrogen doping can regulate the infrared emissivityof GGF from 0.96 to 0.68 under the premise of keeping high solar absorption[2]. This infrared
radiation management showed promising potentials targeting the high-performance photothermal
conversion for electric-energy-free crude oil collection.

References[1] Hao Yuan, Hui Zhang, Kewen Huang, Yi Cheng, Kun Wang, Shuting Cheng, Wenjuan Li, Jun Jiang, Junliang Li,
Ce Tu, Xiaobai Wang*, Yue Qi*, Zhongfan Liu*, Dual-Emitter Graphene Glass Fiber Fabric for Radiant Heating,
ACS Nano 2022, 16, 2577.
[2] Yi Cheng, Shuting Cheng, Bingbing Chen, Jun Jiang, Ce Tu, Wenjuan Li, Yuyao Yang, Kewen Huang, Kun
Wang, Hao Yuan, Junliang Li, Yue Qi*, Zhongfan Liu*, Graphene infrared radiation management targeting
photothermal conversion for electric-energy-free crude-oil collection, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022 144, 15562-15568

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CS33
EXPLORATION OF GROWTH PARAMETERS FOR HIGH YIELDFCCVD SYNTHESIS OF SWCNT TCFS UTILISING TOLUENE AS
CARBON SOURCE
A. Karakassides 1*, H. Inoue 1, E.X. Ding 1, E.I. Kauppinen 1
Aalto University - Espoo (Finland)*email: anastasios.karakasidis@aalto.fi
1

The outstanding optoelectronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) havemade them perfect candidates for transparent conducting films (TCFs) over the last years.
Following our last research work (Er-Xiong Ding et.al1) toluene was utilized as a carbon source
for SWCNTs synthesis and the growth conditions were furtherly explored to understand betterthe effect of temperature, feeding rate and hydrogen flow on the sheet resistance of the
manufactured SWCNT TCFs. All samples characterized through detailed optical and microscopy
techniques and the chiral angles of them were determined via TEM electron diffraction patterns(ED). By optimizing the growth parameters of the reactor, extremely higher yields of SWCNT
TCFs were achieved, making a determined step forward for industrial scale production of TCFs.

References[1] Ding, EX., Hussain, A., Ahmad, S. et al. High-performance transparent conducting films of long single-walledcarbon nanotubes synthesized from toluene alone. Nano Res. 13, 112–120 (2020).

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CS34
EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF BORON NITRIDE COATING IN
SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED 1D
HETEROSTRUCTURE FILMS BY OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY
S. Wang 1,*, D. Levshov 2, K. Otsuka 1, B. Zhang 1, Y. Zheng 1, Y. Feng 1, M. Liu 1,
E. Kauppinen 3, R. Xiang 1, S. Chiashi 1, W. Wenseleers 2, S. Cambre 2, S. Maruyama 1
1
The University of Tokyo - Tokyo (Japan)
University of Antwerp - Antwerp (Belgium)
3
Aalto University - Aalto (Finland)*email: wangshuhui@photon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
2Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films represent exceptional optical and electricalproperties, showing wide potential for scalable integrated devices [1]. Previously, we havedemonstrated CVD synthesis of a one-dimensional heterostructure film, where an SWCNT film
serves as a template, while boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) and molybdenum disulfide
nanotubes (MoS2NT) are coaxially nested over the SWCNT networks [2].
Here, we further developed this synthesis method for successfully controlling the BNNT coatingin SWCNT@BNNT heterostructure films. The morphology and crystalline structures of
SWCNT@BNNT heterostructures were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) andhigh-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). Raman spectroscopy is a powerfultool for investigating the strain and doping effect of low-dimensional materials as was previously
demonstrated by Lee et al. for graphene [3]. In this work, we use it for studying the strain effectinduced by BNNT wrapping on the SWCNTs in the SWCNT@BNNT heterostructure film anddemonstrate that the shifts of SWCNT's G and 2D (G') modes can be used as a probe of theefficiency of BNNT coating. In addition, we developed a vacuum annealing method to remove
the initial doping effect on the SWCNTs caused by exposure to the ambient atmosphere andinvestigated the chemical doping effect of MoO3-doped SWCNT films by UV-Vis-NIR
spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. This work will contribute to a better understanding of thestrain and doping effect of SWCNTs, which will be useful for future applications of carbon
nanotube-based one-dimensional heterostructures.

References[1] Q. Cao et al. Advanced Materials, 21, 29 (2009).
[2] R. Xiang et al. Science, 367, 537 (2020).
[3] J. E. Lee et al. Nature Communications, 3, 1024 (2012).

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CS35
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES BASEDCOMPOSITE 3D PRINTED BY DIGITAL LIGHT PROCESSING
D. Tilve Martinez 1*, W. Neri 1, P. Poulin 1
1

CRPP - CNRS - Bordeaux (France)*email: david.tilve@crpp.crns.fr

Digital Light Processing (DLP)[1] is an additive manufacturing technology based on a Vat
photopolymerisation process. 3D objects are manufactured layer upon layer by projecting 2Dlight patterns onto a liquid photocurable resin. This fast and accurate process is usually limited toinsulating and transparent resins. Loading resins with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene
particles to make conductive and functional objects would significantly broaden the spectrum of
applications of the DLP technology. However, several challenges are faced towards thisobjective. These challenges include the stabilization of nanocarbon particles into the resin, theachievement of acceptable transparency to UV-light in order to photo-polymerize the resin, andthe realization of conductive materials formed by a percolation network. We will present work
how these objectives can be met with the efficient dispersion of CNTs or graphene particles inacrylic resins [2], and the achievement of highly conductive materials. Special attention will begiven to enhancements of electrical properties by thermal annealing and to the conductivity
anisotropy of the 3D printed materials.

Schematic approach of conductor carbon nanotube composites made by Digital Light Processing and the impact on
the electrical properties.

References[1] R. D. Farahani, M. Dubé, D. Therriault, Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 5794.
[2] D. Tilve Martinez, W. Neri, D. Horaud, N. Vukadinovic, B. Berton, A. Desmedt, J. Yuan, P. Poulin. Adv. Funct.
Mater. 2023, in press.

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CS36
MICRO AND MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE EVOLUTION OF FEWWALLED CARBON NANOTUBE BUNDLED NETWORK BY HIGHTEMPERATURE ANNEAL
K. Kobashi 1,*, S. Yamazaki 2, K. Michishio 1, H. Nakajima 1, S. Muroga 1, T. Morimoto 1,
N. Oshima 1, T. Okazaki 1
2

1
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology - Tsukuba (Japan)
Research Association of High-Throughput Design and Development for Advanced Functional Materials - Tsukuba(Japan)*email: kobashi-kazufumi@aist.go.jp

High temperature anneal is important to produce nanocarbon-based materials possessing
superior functions and performances. However, a full understanding of annealed nanocarbon
assembly structures has been challenging. We propose the micro and macroscopic structural
analysis of 0.8-3.4 nm diameter few-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) bundled network in a
multiple manner. The CNT films were annealed under Ar over 1200-3000oC as the case study.
Up to 1800oC nanospace among nanotubes, i.e. interstitial channels important to design multiple
functions, was secured by removing carbonaceous impurities. Beyond 1900oC nanometer-scalegraphitic particles were formed on the nanotube bundles, then became micrometer size toward
3000oC. Along with the particle growth, small diameter (less than 1.2 nm) nanotubes became
undetectable at 2200-2400oC with a reduction in available interstitial channels, finally creating
the nontubular, graphitized network structures at 2600-3000oC. The anneal at 1200-1800oC canprovide the high purity CNT bundled network structures, and the higher temperature anneal
formed the high crystallinity graphitized network structures (Figure). To elucidate the structural
evolution, we utilized 14 different analytical approaches, and two-dimensional correlation
analysis from the collected data clarified the synchronous and asynchronous structural parameters
along the annealing temperature. Thus, the structural alteration was found to occur in 3 phases of
1200-1800oC, 1900-2400oC, and 2600-3000oC. On the other hand, the structure change gradually
decreased the electrical conductivity of the CNT film. Our findings would advance carbon
material science and pave a way toward nanocarbon applications with the films, fibers, andcomposites [1].

Figure. Scheme on structure evolution of few-walled CNT bundled network by high temperature anneal.
References[1] Kazufumi Kobashi et al., Carbon, 2023, 203, 785-800.

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ISOLATION OF THE (6,5) SINGLE-WALL CARBON NANOTUBE
ENANTIOMERS BY SURFACTANT-ASSISTED AQUEOUS TWO-PHASEEXTRACTION
H. Li 1,*, C. Sims 2, R. Kang 1, F. Biedermann 1, J. Fagan 2, B. Flavel 1
Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen (Germany)
Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology - Gaithersburg(United States)*email: han.li@kit.edu
1

2

Sorting single-chirality enantiomers is the ultimate goal of single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) separation. Although several approaches have been used to produce enantiomericseparation,[1,2] developing a technique with both high accuracy and efficiency is still a challenge
and the underlying mechanism requires further in-depth investigation. In this work, aqueous twophase extraction (ATPE) is used to obtain highly purified (> 80%) left- and right-handed (6,5)
SWCNTs with limited experimental steps.[3] The optimized surfactant conditions are studied,and analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) and near-infrared photoluminescence (PL)measurements are used to examine the surfactant wrapping and partition coefficient change
conditions (PCCCs) required for separation (see Fig.1). Our study provides valuable insights into
the underlying mechanisms behind surfactant-assisted SWCNT separations and facilitates the useof SWCNT enantiomers in fundamental studies and applications in the future.

(a) CD spectra of the L-(6,5) and R-(6,5) prepared by ATPE. (b) PL intensities of the L- and R-(6,5) as a function of
SDS concentration for the DOC/SC/SDS ternary-surfactant system. (c) Schematic illustration of anhydrous radius(inner and dark-color circles) and buoyant radius (outer and light-color circles) for L- and R-(6,5) with DOC and SC
respectively. Anhydrous densities and buoyant densities (kg/m3) of L- and R-(6,5) in different surfactants are also
marked in the circles.

References[1] Wei, Xiaojun, et al., Nature communications 7.1 (2016): 1-9.
[2] Ao, Geyou, et al., Journal of the American Chemical Society 138.51 (2016): 16677-16685.
[3] Li, Han, et al., Carbon 204 (2023): 475-483.

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TOWARD HIGH-PURITY SORTING OF SINGLE-CHIRALITY SWCNTSWITH STEPWISE EXTRACTION STRATEGY
S. Qiu 1*, Y.H. Li 1, Q.W. Li 1
1

Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Suzhou (China)*email: sqiu2010@sinano.ac.cn

Single-chirality SWCNTs (sc-SWCNTs) are promising materials for upcoming electronics
and optoelectronic applications in the post-Moore era. In particular, single-chirality SWCNTs
with diameters distributed in a range of 1.2-1.4 nm have been regarded as ideal candidates fornanoscale FETs due to their structure and electrical properties. However, the isolation of scSWCNTs becomes rather challenging when the diameter of the nanotube is greater than 1.0 nm.
Herein, a stepwise extraction strategy is introduced as an effective approach for the selective andprecise separation of single-chirality SWCNTs. Some novel methods have been developed basedon stepwise extraction strategy. With these combined methods, several monochiral species weresuccessfully obtained. Three pyridine-containing copolymers with different copolymer units orfunctional groups, successfully achieved the isolation of (9,8) (10,8) and (12,5) SWCNTs with all
the diameters around 1.2 nm at high single-chirality purity (82%, 92.3%, and 95.6%,
respectively). In summary, regulating the conjugated structure provides the basis for selectivity
determination, and controlling the start materials at each step during separation is critical to the
stepwise extraction strategy.

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THE STRUCTURAL COLORATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES
R. Zhang 1*
Tsinghua University - Beijing (China)*email: zhangrufan@tsinghua.edu.cn

1

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising candidates for numerous cutting-edge fields becauseof their excellent properties. However, the inherent black color of CNTs cannot satisfy theaesthetic/fashion requirement, and the flammability of CNTs severely restricts their application in
high-temperature environments with oxygen. Here, we realized a structural coloration of CNTs
by coating them with inorganic oxides layers. By tuning the layer thickness, both CNT fibers andmembranes exhibited controllable and brilliant colors. The structural coloration of CNTs
substantially improves their performance and broadens their applications.

References[1] Fengxiang Chen, Rufan Zhang*, et al., Superdurable and fire-retardant structural coloration of carbon nanotubes,
Science Advances, 2022, 8(26), eabn5882.
[2] Yanlong Zhao, Rufan Zhang*, et al., Scalable Structural Coloration of Carbon Nanotube Fibers via a Facile Silica
Photonic Crystal Self-Assembly Strategy, ACS Nano, 2023, 17, 3, 2893–2900.
[3] Run Li, Rufan Zhang*, et al., Multicolored structural coloration of carbon nanotube fibers, SusMat, 2023, DOI:
10.1002/sus2.111.

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CS40
N-TYPE DOPED DRY-SPUN FEW-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBEYARNS FOR THERMOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTING
Y. Hayashi 1,*, H. Suzuki 1, S. Nakahori 1, H. Lin 1, M. Iwahara 1, J. Kametaka 1, A.K.K. Kyaw 2,
T. Nishikawa 1
2

1
Okayama University - Okayama (Japan)
Southern University of Science and Technology - Shenzhen (China)*email: hayashi.yasuhiko@ec.okayama-u.ac.jp

Carbon nanotube (CNT) spun yarn is a potential thermoelectric (TE) material owing to its
narrow band-gap energy, high charge carrier mobility, and excellent mechanical property, whichis conducive for flexible and wearable TE devices. As-grown CNT yarns exhibit p-type
properties. Therefore, a high-performance and long-term stable n-type doping method isnecessary. In this presentation, we report the results of applying 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3dihydro-1 H-benzimidazole (N-DMBI) [1], which has recently attracted attention as a highperformance n-type doping agent, to CNT yarn. CNT yarn treated with joule heating was dopedwith N-DMBI in various solvents and conditions, and the n-type doping properties were
evaluated and investigated. Based on Raman spectra, the crystallinity of CNT yarns was
significantly improved by electric joule heating treatment at a high temperature of 3170 K for one
second. After doping with various solvents that dissolve N-DMBI, it was found that 1,2dichlorobenzene could be used as a solvent to achieve a high doping effect without any postimmersion heat treatment. A high power factor (PE) of 1534 μW/m-K2 at around 30 oC was
obtained by optimization of the N-DMBI solvent, the crystallinity of the CNTs, and the doping
time. A PE of 2390 μW/m-K2 was obtained at 150 oC, where N-MDBI doping is thermally stable.
Finally, a p-type TEG with 20 windings made of as-grown p- and n-type CNT yarn was
fabricated and operated at a temperature difference of 20 oC, yielding a maximum power of 5.7
nW.

Thermoelectric properties of n-type CNT spun yarn. Thermoelectric properties of n-type CNT spun yarn dopedwith N-DMBI measured at various temperatures.
References[1] P. Wei, J. H. Oh, G. Dong, Z. Bao, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132, 26 (2010).

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A HIGH-RATE SUPERCAPACITOR WITH A 90% CAPACITANCERETENTION AT -100 °C ENABLED BY A HYBRID-ALIGNEDSTRUCTURAL DESIGN
X. Ming 1, C. Chen 1*
1

Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Wuhan (China)*email: d202180424@hust.edu.cn

In the development of low-temperature storage devices, ultralow-temperature tolerance, rate
performance, and the trade-off between performance and working temperature represent criticalobstacles, which stem from the problem of inhibited ion mobility.[1-3] Here, we report a uniquehybrid aligned CNT structure where adjacent aligned bundles with large space connected withtraversing CNTs were synthesized in a single assembly. This architecture affords the formation ofhighly orientated ion-transport channels due to its large and low tortuous ion-transport channels.
Neutron scattering in conjunction with other techniques revealed that the presence of orientatedmacropore channels created by the specially designed hybrid aligned CNT architecture was the
key for the enhanced electrolyte permeability, even allowing electrolyte to be infiltrated into thedeepest inner volume of the electrode, thereby mitigating the degradation of ion kinetics at low
temperatures. At -100 °C, a capacitance retention of 90% was achieved at a scan rate of 20 mV s1, breaking the commonly observed trade-off between the electrochemical performance andworking temperature. Finally, a highest-reported power density of 40 kW kg-1 and an energy
density of 75.3 Wh kg-1 were presented at -100 °C, far surpassing the previously reported lowtemperature supercapacitors.

Figure 1. Structure design of a) hybrid aligned CNTs, b) Device assembly, c) Schematic of experimental setup for
SANS measurements of electrolyte-infiltrated CNT electrodes, d) 2D SANS images for the hybrid aligned CNTs
after electrolyte infiltration at -80 °C.

References[1] X. Gao, X. Du, T. S. Mathis, M. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Shui, Y. Gogotsi, M. Xu, Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 6160.
[2] Y. Wang, X. Gao, L. Li, M. Wang, J. Shui, M. Xu, Nano Energy 2020, 67, 104248.
[3] S. Wu, H. Li, D. N. Futaba, G. Chen, C. Chen, K. Zhou, Q. Zhang, M. Li, Z. Ye, M. Xu, Adv. Mater. 2022, 34,
2201046.

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QUANTIFICATION OF SP³ DEFECTS IN DIFFERENT (N,M) SPECIES OFSINGLE-WALL CARBON NANOTUBES BY RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
F.L. Sebastian 1,*, F. Becker 1, Y. Yomogida 2, K. Yanagi 2, J. Zaumseil 1
Insitute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University - 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University - 192-0397 Tokyo (Japan)*email: finn.sebastian@pci.uni-heidelberg.de
1

2

The controlled functionalization of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)
with luminescent sp3 defects leads to increased photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields andsingle-photon emission in the near-infrared due to efficient trapping of fast-diffusing mobile
excitons. While the choice of reaction parameters allows for a precise control of binding
configurations and PL emission wavelengths of these sp3 defects [1,2], the direct quantification of
their number density in SWCNTs is very challenging. We have recently introduced an absolute
quantification method for sp3 defects in (6,5) SWCNTs by combining the change of theintegrated D/G ratio in Raman spectra with the calculated sp3 defect densities obtained from PL
quantum yield measurements [3]. Here, we expand this approach to other SWCNT species andshow that the linear relation between Raman D/G ratios and calculated sp3 defect densities
remains valid for a variety of chiralities. We also demonstrate that in addition to the characteristic
D-mode, other defect-activated modes in the Raman intermediate frequency region also scalelinearly with the sp3 defect density. Furthermore, the dependence of the Raman D-mode intensity
on excitation energy is examined to enable an excitation energy independent quantification of sp3
defects in SWCNTs via Raman spectroscopy.

Raman data of functionalized SWCNTs. (a) Raman spectra of (6,5) SWCNTs with different degrees of sp3
functionalization. (b) Linear correlation of the integrated Raman D/G ratios with the calculated sp3 defect densities
for different SWCNT chiralities.

References[1] Berger et al., ACS Nano 2019, 13, 9259-9269.
[2] Settele et al., Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 2119.
[3] Sebastian et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2022, 13, 3542–3548.

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PROPERTY ANALYSIS OF 1D AND 2D NANOSTRUCTURES USING IN
SITU TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
D. Golberg 1*
1

School of Chemistry and Physics and Center for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane (Australia)*email: dmitry.golberg@qut.edu.au

Carbon and boron nitride nanotubes, transition metal dischalogenide and MXene nanosheets
are engineered and studied in a high-resolution transmission electron microscope using various insitu TEM holders and manipulators. Electromechanical properties of nanotubes and nanosheets
are analysed using a mechanical resonance technique while applying alternating currents to theelectrode assembled within the in situ electrical TEM holder frame1, and/or direct tensile tests on
nanostructures within the TEM column (Young's modulus, tensile strength, fracture
toughness)2 , and three terminal transistor-like electrical setups (metal-to-semiconductortransitions)3. In addition, optomechanical and optoelectronic responses of molybdenum selenide
nanosheets bent in different crystallographic directions inside the TEM column are measured
while using light illumination through the optical fiber inserted into the pole piece of the electron
microscope4. The author is grateful to many former and current group members, in particular, to
Drs Xin Zhou, Ovidiu Cretu, Daiming Tang, Mingsheng Wang, Xianlong Wei, Naoyuki
Kawamoto, Masanori Mitome and Yoshio Bando (NIMS, Japan), and Drs Chao Zhang, Joseph
Fernando and Konstantin Firestein (QUT, Australia) for their key experimental contributions to
the in situ TEM projects over the years.

Experimental setup inside the transmission electron microscope for analysis of optoelectronic and optomechanicalproperties of MoSe2 nanosheets under in situ TEM deformation.

References[1] Zhou, X., Tang D.M., Mitome M., Bando Y., Sasaki T., Golberg D. Nano Lett. 19, 4974-4980 (2019).
[2] Firestein K.L., Kvashnin D.G., Fernando J.F.S., Zhang C., Siriwardena D.P., Sorokin P.B., Golberg D. Nano
Lett. 19, 2084-2091 (2019).
[2] Tang D.M., Erohin S., Demin V., Kvashnin D.G., Demin V.A., Cretu O., Jiang S., Zhang L., Hou P.-X., Chen G.,
Futaba D.N., Zheng Y., Xiang R., Zhou X., Hsia F.-C., Kawamoto N., Mitome M., Nemoto Y., Uesugi F., TakeguchiM., Maruyama S., Cheng H.M., Bando Y., Liu C., Sorokin P.B., Golberg D. Science 374, 1616-1620 (2021).
[3] Zhang C., Larionov K., Firestein K., Fernando J.F.S., Lewis C.-E. Sorokin P.B., Golberg D. Nano Lett. 22, 673679 (2022).

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CS45
BNNTS FILLED WITH DYES EMITTERS: IN AXIS MODULATION OF
THE LUMINESCENCE THROUGH MECHANICAL STIMULI
J.B. Marceau 1,*, A. Badon 1, C. Allard 2, F. Fossard 3, A. Loiseau 3, L. Cognet 1, E. Flahaut 4,
N. Izard 5, R. Martel 6, G. Recher 1, E. Gaufrès 1
2

1
LP2N - Bordeaux (France)
Département de Genie Physique, Polytechnique Montréal - Montréal (Canada)
3
Laboratoire d’Etude des Microstructures - Châtillon (France)
4
CIRIMAT - Toulouse (France)
5
Laboratoire Charles Coulomb - Montpellier (France)
6
Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal - Montréal (Canada)*email: jean-baptiste.marceau@u-bordeaux.fr

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been used as a 1D template for assembling
various organic and inorganic compounds thanks to their hollow, crystalline and cylindricalarchitectures. However, It has been demonstrated that the overlap of the emission bands of theadsorbed dyes with the absorption bands of semiconducting nanotubes in the visible range (2-3eV) leads to effective energy transfers that both readily quench the dyes fluorescence andsensitize the nanotube host.[1,2] As other material candidate, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs)
have been used as template for fluorescent molecular assembly, capitalizing on their wide-gap
semi-conductors of 5.5 eV.[3] In this presentation, we will first discuss on the polarization
properties of the luminescence of confined sexithiophene 6T molecules inside BNNTs :Combining aberration corrected high resolution transmission electron microscope (ac-HRTEM)
analysis and polarized micro luminescence imaging, we will explain why extinction ratio valuesof the polarization as high as 700 at room temperature can be reached in 6T@BNNTs. We will
also show that this polarization property at the nanoscale can be expanded in macroscopictransparent polymeric thin films loaded with aligned 6T@BNNTs.[4] In a second part, we will
present that mechanical stretching could induce a strong modulation of the luminescence signal
along the axis of a 6T@BNNT. We will show that this mechanism leads to the formation of
periodic luminescent chains of aligned molecules with chain lengths ranging from 400 nm to 2
microns.[5] (Fig1) Finally, we will demonstrate that a deterministic positioning of this in-axis
modulation of the luminescence can be obtained through photo-induced mechanism, leading tosingle to aggregated emitters aligned along the BNNT axis.[6]These results open the doors tocustomizable and deterministic positioning of emitters for encoding light in advanced photonics
building blocs.

Figure 1. Example of periodically encoded dipolar chain inside an individual BNNT. Confocal luminescence image
recorded at 600 nm.

References[1] S Van Bezouw, ACS Nano (2018)[2] E. Gaufres ACS Nano (2016)[3] C. Allard et al, Advanced Materials (2020)[4] A. Badon & J.-B Marceau et al, Materials Horizons (2023)[5-6] J-B Marceau et al, in prep.

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CS46
CHARACTERIZATION AND MODULATION OF THE INTERLAYERINTERACTIONS IN 2D MATERIALS AND THEIRHETEROSTRUCTURES
Y. Gao 1,*
1

Zhejiang University - Hangzhou (China)*email: ygao96@zju.edu.cn

The interlayer van der Waals (vdW) interactions are critical in determining the novel
properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials and their vertical heterostructures. Therefore, aprecise and quantitative characterization and modulation of the interalyer vdW interactions isessential for both scientific research and applications. In this presentation, a novel scanning probe
microscopy technique, namely Angstrom Indentation (Å-I) will be introduced. Å-I enables nondestructive indentation at the Angstrom scale, facilitating the extraction of interlayer elasticity
from the force-indentation curves. The interlayer elasticities of various 2D materials wereobtained using this method [1]. Additionally, an ultrahard monolayer diamond structure driven
from bilayer graphene by Å-I was observed. Local high pressure applied through an atomic force
microscope tip on epitaxial bilayer graphene on SiC(0001) induced interlayer sp3 covalent bonds
forming, eventually creating a novel monolayer diamond structure. The elastic modulus of thismonolayer diamond was found to be around 1TPa, close to the value of cubic diamond. First
principle calculations along with nano-hardness measurements demonstrate that the graphenediamond phase transition is reversible and cannot be activated when the epitaxial graphene isthicker than 3 layers [2]. The second part of the presentation is focused on the graphene/h-BN
vdW heterostructure. We used diamond anvil cell (DAC) to apply up to 10GPa hydrostaticpressure to modulate the band structure of the graphene/h-BN moiré superlattices. Our findings
showed that high pressure compresses the interlayer space and enhances the interlayerinteractions and the inversion asymmetry, thus effectively tuning the graphene band structure.
We were able to enlarge the primary Dirac gap of graphene in the large-twist-angle superlattices
from 30meV to 80meV at 8.3GPa and re-open the pre-closed secondary Dirac gap in valenceband at 7GPa [3].

References[1] Yang Gao#, Suenne Kim#, Si Zhou, et al., 'Elastic coupling between the layers in 2D materials', Nature
Materials, 14.7 (2015).
[2] Yang Gao#, Tengfei Cao#, Filippo Cellini, et al., 'Ultrahard carbon film from epitaxial two-layer graphene',
Nature Nanotechnology, 13.2 (2018).
[3] Yang Gao, Xianqing Lin, Thomas Smart, et al., 'Band engineering of large-twist-angle graphene/h-BN moire
superlattices with pressure', Physical Review Letters, 125, (2020).

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CS47
GAS PHASE CATALYST FREE SYNTHESIS OF LOW-DIMENSIONAL
MOS2: A MOLECULAR DYNAMICS STUDY
D.S. Vadseth 1,*, X. Bai 2, Z. Qiang 2, E.I. Kaupinnen 2, A. Page 1
1

University of Newcastle - Newcastle (Australia)
2
Aalto University - Espoo (Finland)*email: daniel.vadseth@uon.edu.au

Low dimensional (1D and 2D) materials, especially transition metal dichalcogenides such as
MoS2, are materials that have seen significant interest in the past two decades due to their uniqueproperties. These properties differ significantly from bulk properties due to their unique structureand quantum confinement effects. Bulk MoS2 is a indirect-gap semiconductor, while monolayer
MoS2 is a direct band gap semiconductor and MoS2 nanotubes exhibit tunable band gaps
depending on the number of walls, diameter, and chirality [1]. The chemical vapor deposition(CVD) synthesis of TMD materials has proven effective at making high quality, yield and purity
TMD nanomaterials. There is a need however to circumvent issues associated with post-synthesis
transfer, which can introduce structural defects into the material. In this work we investigate themechanism of catalyst-free floating CVD MoS2 synthesis [2]. MoO3, S2 and varying amounts of
H2 gas were modeled using the tight-binding method GFN-2xTB molecular dynamics. Results
show the MoO3 clustering with sulfur binding to the oxygens outside the MoO3 cluster. The
amount of Mo-O bonds steadily decrease while Mo-S bonds increase, which shows MoS2
beginning to form by sulfur removing oxygen from the Mo. Hydrogen acts as an inhibitor,
binding to the Mo and preventing Mo-S bonds from forming. The results are consistent of
preliminary formation of catalyst free floating CVD MoS2

Figure 1. a) Average bond population from the MoO3 + S2 molecular dynamics simulation and b) snapshotsshowing (from left to right) the initial conditions, agglomeration of MoO3, clumping of S2 around the MoO3 andlastly the S moving O away from Mo.

References[1] N. Zibouche, et al., Eur. Phys. J. B, 2012, 85, 49.
[2] X. Bai, et al., Nature Synthesis (unpublished)

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CS48
EXPLORING THE BISTABLE GROWTH OF CARBON NANOTUBES:INSIGHTS FROM A SIMPLE MODEL AND KINETIC MONTE CARLOSIMULATIONS
G.D. Förster 1,*, V. Pimonov 2, V. Jourdain 2, C. Bichara 3
1

Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures, ICMN, Université d’Orléans - Orléans (France)
2
Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS - Montpellier (France)
3
Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, UMR7325 - Marseille (France)*email: daniel.forster@univ-orleans.fr

Recent experiments have revealed a fascinating aspect of carbon nanotube growth on catalytictransition metal nanoparticles by chemical vapor deposition, where the growth proceeds in abistable manner with alternating segments of fast and slow growth [1]. The growth rate factor
between the two regimes is found to be around 1.7, which is observed to be remarkably universal,
i.e., independent of the catalyst nanoparticles [1-3]. Additionally, the switches between the two
growth regimes occur at random instances, which suggests that they are not related to fluctuationsin temperature, pressure, or chemical potential of the carbon feedstock in the growth chamber [3].
To shed light on this intriguing phenomenon, we have developed a simple yet powerful growthmodel for carbon nanotubes, based on the assumption that the number of carbon atoms at theedge of the nanotube in contact with the catalyst remains constant. On this basis, different
configurations of tube edges are explored, with two distinct families of possible types of edges
emerging: those with a high amount of so-called armchair motives, where the tube edge is mostly
perpendicular to the tube axis, and those with a high amount of zigzag edges, where the tube axis
and the normal of the edge form the largest angles. Importantly, insertion sites are much moreabundant in the former case, leading to higher growth rates. By comparing the growth rates ofthese two families of edge configurations, we have recovered the factor of around 1.7 [3]. These
considerations are thus based much on considerations pertaining to configurational entropy [4].
In a second step, we have developed more detailed kinetic Monte Carlo simulations based on
insertion and removal barriers for pairs of carbon atoms on zigzag or armchair motives within the
tube edges [4]. An additional bistability term that separates the two growth regimes is added tothe energetic model. It accounts for the fact that flat tube edges better conform to the shape of thecatalyst than edges with a hyperbolic paraboloid shape (similar to Pringles chips) [3]. Theseshapes occur in case of edges at the interface between the two growth regimes, but are repressed
due to the energetic penalty due to shape mismatch and keep the growth limited to one of the two
growth regimes for a certain amount of time. With these KMC simulations, we explore thegrowth kinetics of carbon nanotubes in the relevant diameter range of 0.75 - 2 nm.
Overall, our work explores the intriguing bistable growth of carbon nanotubes and provides aframework for further investigations.

References[1] Pimonov et al. Nano Lett. 21, 8495 (2021).
[2] Koyano et al. Carbon 155, 635 (2019).
[3] Förster et al. arXiv:2302.12077 (2023).
[4] Magnin et al. Science 362, 212 (2018).
[5] Förster et al. AIP Adv. 11, 045306 (2021).

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CS49
IN-SILICO TENSILE TESTING OF CNT NANOFILMS: THE EFFECT OF
ALIGNMENTP.A. Kloza 1*, J.A. Elliott 1
1

University of Cambridge - Cambridge (United Kingdom)*email: pak37@cam.ac.uk

It is known that aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) materials far outperform their unaligned
counterparts in terms of mechanical stiffness and strength, see e.g. [1]. While this general trend isobserved qualitatively in experiments, it remains difficult to isolate the effects of alignment fromthose of densification, and to accurately control the degree of alignment in a CNT material. Here,
we present a computational study of the effect of alignment on the mechanical properties of CNT
nanofilms where we address some of the limitations found in experiments. The CNT nanofilms
are simulated using the newly updated version of the MESONT package [2] in LAMMPS, inwhich CNTs are modelled as elastic chains of interacting cylindrical segments. The mesoscopic
forcefield employed in the package accounts for bending-buckling and van der Waals (vdW)
interactions. We also present a new mesoscopic model for inter-tube friction which weparametrise using atomistic simulations of CNTs. By investigating the effect of bending-bucklingand inter-tube friction, we show that both effects greatly inhibit bundle formation and produce
finer network structures compared to simulations in which bending-buckling and friction are
neglected (see Fig.). To study the effect of alignment, network structures at specific degrees ofalignment are generated and subjected to simulated tensile testing. We demonstrate that in CNT
nanofilms, tensile strength and stiffness of the material scale exponentially with the Chebyshev
orientation order parameter [3]. Finally, we map our results onto a simple bond percolation
model, showing that alignment mainly enhances the load-bearing fraction of CNTs in a nanofilm.
Hence, we show that alignment alone (rather than densification) is key in bringing theexceptional properties of individual CNTs to the macroscale.

CNT nanofilms generated using the MESONT package, with and without bending-buckling and friction. The colours
indicate the vdW energy, a proxy for bundle thickness.
References[1] Bulmer, J. S., Kaniyoor, A., Elliott 2008432, J. A., A Meta-Analysis of Conductive and Strong Carbon
Nanotube Materials. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2008432. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202008432[2] LAMMPS MESONT package, February 25th 2023. https://docs.lammps.org/Packages_details.html#pkg-mesont[3] Kaniyoor, A., Gspann, T. S., Mizen, J. E., Elliott, J. A. Quantifying alignment in carbon nanotube yarns andsimilartwo-dimensional
anisotropic
systems.
J
Appl
Polym
Sci.
2021,
138,
e50939.
https://doi.org/10.1002/app.50939

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CS50
HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPLEMENTARY TRANSISTORS BASED ON
ALIGNED SEMICONDUCTING CARBON NANOTUBE ARRAYS
C.C. Liu 1,*, Y. Cao 1, B. Wang 2, Z.X. Zhang 2, Y.X. Lin 1, L. Xu 1, Y.Y. Yang 1, C.H. Jin 2,
L.M. Peng 1, Z.Z. Zhang 1
2

1
Peking University - Beijing (China)
Zhejiang University - Zhejiang (China)*email: liucc@pku.edu.cn

High-density semiconducting aligned carbon nanotube (A-CNT) arrays are promisingmaterials for digital integrated circuits (ICs), and high-performance A-CNT p-type field-effecttransistors (P-FETs) have been demonstrated with extraordinary electronic performance [1].
However, high-performance A-CNT n-type FETs (N-FETs) have not yet been implemented. In
this work, we reveal the mechanism hindering the realization of A-CNT N-FETs contacted by
low-work-function metals and develop corresponding solutions to promote the performance of ACNT N-FETs to that of P-FETs. The fabricated Scandium (Sc) -contacted A-CNT N-FET with a
100 nm gate length exhibits an on-state current (Ion) of 800 μA/μm and a peak transconductance(gm) of 250 μS/μm, representing the highest performance of CNT-based N-FETs to date.
Moreover, CMOS technology has been developed to realize N- and P-FETs with symmetric highperformance based on A-CNTs. The fabricated A-CNT CMOS FETs show electron and holemobilities of 325 and 241 cm2V-1s-1, respectively, which are slightly higher than thecorresponding values of Si CMOS transistors. Our scalable fabrication of A-CNT CMOS FETs
with comparable electronic performance to Si CMOS will promote the application of CNT-based
electronics in digital ICs [2].

Doping-free CMOS FETs based on A-CNTs. (a) False-color SEM images of a typical CMOS inverter with a gate
length of 500 nm for both P-FET and N-FET; the enlarged SEM images present the details of channel regions. The
scale bar is 200 nm. (b) Output characteristics of the same N-FET (red) and P-FET (blue) in (a).

References[1] Yanxia Lin, Yu Cao, Haozhe Lu, Chenchen Liu, Zirui Zhang, Chuanhong Jin, Lian-Mao Peng, and Zhiyong
Zhang, Improving the Performance of Aligned Carbon Nanotube-Based Transistors by Refreshing the Substrate
Surface, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c22049.
[2] Chenchen Liu, Yu Cao, Bo Wang, Zixuan Zhang, Yanxia Lin, Lin Xu, Yingjun Yang, Chuanhong Jin, Lian-Mao
Peng, and Zhiyong Zhang, Complementary Transistors Based on Aligned Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Arrays,
ACS Nano, 2022, 16, 12, 21482-21490.

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DOPING TO OVERCOME THE N-TYPE CONTACT CHALLENGE INHIGHLY-SCALED HIGH-PERFORMANCE CARBON NANOTUBE
TRANSISTORS
N. Safron 1,*, T.A. Chao 2, S.K. Su 2, M. Passlack 1, H.Y. Chiu 2, H.S.P. Wong 2, I. Radu 2,
G. Pitner 1
1

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company - San Jose, Ca (United States)
2
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company - Hsinchu (Taiwan)*email: nsafron@tsmc.com

High mobility and tunable bandgaps in carbon nanotube transistors have attracted interest forlogic applications where low contact resistance (RC) is necessary to preserve the excellent
transport of the channel material [1-3]. Palladium metal has been shown to deliver excellent
performance as a p-type contact for highly-scaled CNT transistors, with Rc = 6.5 kΩ for contact
length (LC) of 10 nm [4]. However, the leading method for low resistance n-type contact to CNT
uses low-workfunction metals (e.g. Scandium, Hafnium, Erbium) which have a small Schottky
barrier for electron conduction but struggles with poor yield and high resistance at short LC due tothe tendency to scavenge oxygen from air and surrounding dielectrics [5,6]. This talk will report anovel strategy to utilize stable metals with an excellent interface to the CNT and apply strong ntype doping near the contact to achieve transparent electron tunneling through the Schottky
barrier. We first demonstrate tunable n-type doping using Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer
Deposition (PE-ALD) of an Aluminum Nitride doping film with a HfO2 dielectric barrier ofvarying thickness. The mechanism for AlN doping is investigated by systematic experimentation
across PE-ALD temperature and HfO2 barrier thickness. We then measure contact resistance for
50 nm channel length single-CNT transistors with n-type channel doping. N-type contacts aredemonstrated which yield down to 12 nm LC, remain stable for >8 months, and display recordlow RC of 5.1 kΩ per CNT (20.4 Ω-μm for 250 CNT/μm) at LC = 20 nm. This work resolves oneof the few remaining fundamental obstacles towards complementary CNT logic technology.

References[1] SU, Sheng-Kai et al., 2022, VLSI.
[2] GILARDI, Carlo et al. 2021, IEDM. 27-3, pp 1-4.
[3] HILLS, Gage et al. 2018, IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology. vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1259-1269.
[4] PITNER, Gregory et al., 2019, Nano Letters, vol. 19, pp. 1083-1089.
[5] QIU, Changuang et al., 2017, Science, vol. 355, pp 271.
[6] LIU, Chenchen et al., 2022, ACS Nano, vol. 16, 21482–21490.

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DNA-WRAPPED CNTS: FROM PRECISE ASSEMBLY TO ENERGYEFFICIENT ELECTRONIC SWITCHES
M. Zhao 1*, Y. Chen 1, K. Wang 1, W. Sun 1
1

School of Electronics,Peking university - Beijing (China)*email: zhaomy1212@pku.edu.cn

Since the invention of the first transistor, the interdisciplinary researches involving chemistry,materials science, and solid-state physics have contributed to the development of semiconductor
electronics. At the crossroads towards future electronics, biological systems inspire future
evolving of computing architectures and manufacturing framework. For instance, the highresolution DNA self-assembly from synthetic biology field, have recently been used to constructultra-scaled CNT transistors at a resolution superior to conventional lithography. DNA templated
CNT electronics display fast on/off switching characteristics, as well as high on-state
conductance, approaching the intrinsic limits of CNTs. Meanwhile, by wiring multiple individual
CNT transistors, we demonstrated Boolean logic gates within the bio-templated electronics. More
broadly, we demonstrate the in silico fabrication of diverse semiconductor materials via precise
assembly approaches.

References[1] Sun, W. et al. Precise pitch-scaling of carbon nanotube arrays within three-dimensional DNA nanotrenches.
Science 368, 874–877 (2020).
[2] Zhao, M. et al. DNA-directed nanofabrication of high-performance carbon nanotube field-effect transistors.
Science 368, 878–881 (2020).

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CS53
MAGNETIC FIELD CONTROL OF THE FRANCK-CONDON COUPLING
OF FEW-ELECTRON QUANTUM STATES
P.L. Stiller 1, D.R. Schmid 1, A. Dirnaichner 1, A.K. Hüttel 1*
1

University of Regensburg - Regensburg (Germany)*email: andreas.huettel@ur.de

The longitudinal vibration of a suspended carbon nanotube has been observed many times in
low temperature transport spectra via distinct harmonic Franck-Condon sidebands [1-5].
Typically, strong Franck-Condon coupling has been attributed to disorder-induced or deliberately
targetted charge localization. Here, we present the observation of a strong, tunable coupling in an
ultra-clean carbon nanotube with N=1 or N=2 electrons in the conduction band. The cleantransport spectrum allows a tentative identification of the electronic base quantum statesaccording to their valley quantum number. Interestingly, the Franck-Condon coupling strength g,as extracted from our data, both depends on the magnetic field and on the precise electronic
quantum states participating in transport. While spin-dependent Franck-Condon phenomena havealready been observed [6], our results clearly point towards a valley-dependent origin. As
possible cause of this phenomenon, re-shaping of the electronic wavefunction envelope by themagnetic field [7-9] is discussed. A simple calculation demonstrates that variations of g as
observed in the experiment can be reproduced by the theory, paving the way towards more
realistic and detailed quantum-mechanical modelling.

Franck-Condon sidebands in the two-electron excitation spectrum. From [1].

References[1] P. L. Stiller, A. Dirnaichner, D. R. Schmid, and A. K. Hüttel, “Magnetic field control of the Franck-Condon
coupling of few-electron quantum states”, Phys. Rev. B 102, 115408 (2020).
[2] S. Sapmaz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 026801 (2006).
[3] S. Braig and K. Flensberg, Phys. Rev. B 68, 205324 (2003).
[4] J. Koch and F. von Oppen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 206804 (2005).
[5] A. K. Hüttel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 225501 (2009).
[6] P. Weber et al., Nano Lett. 15, 4417 (2015).
[7] M. Margańska et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 086802 (2019).
[8] E. Mariani and F. von Oppen, Phys. Rev. B 80, 155411 (2009).
[9] A. Donarini et al., New J. Phys. 14, 023045 (2012).

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LOW-DIMENSIONAL SEMIMETAL-SEMICONDUCTOR CONTACTS
Y. Wei 1*, X. Li 1, S. Fan 1, Y. Zhang 1
1

Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University - Beijing(China)*email: weiyang@tsinghua.edu.cn

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are promising in channel length scaling of field-effecttransistors (FETs) due to their excellent gate electrostatics. However, the deteriorated contact
resistance for 2D channels limits the device performance as well as the scaling of contact length.
Low-dimensional semimetal-semiconductor (Sm-S) junctions have shown their potentials inelectrical contact optimization recently. It is of great scientific significance to study the interfacial
behavior of Sm-S systems and develop new high-performance semimetal contacts. Here, weinvestigate the gate-tunable contact-induced Fermi level shift (CIFS) behaviors in semimetal
single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and graphene[1]. A resistivity comparison methodology
and a Fermi level catch-up model are developed to measure and analyze the CIFS. The work
function change of semimetal, as a result of CIFS, will naturally introduce a modified form of the
Schottky-Mott rule, so that a modified Schottky barrier height can be obtained for the Sm-S
junction. On this basis, we further construct a 1D semimetal-2D semiconductor contact by
employing single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes, that can push the contact length into thesub-2 nm region[2]. Such 1D-2D heterostructures exhibit smaller van der Waals gaps than the 2D2D ones, while the Schottky barrier height can be effectively tuned via gate potential to achieve
Ohmic contact. A longitudinal transmission line model is proposed for analyzing the potential
and current distribution of devices in short contact limit, and used to extract the 1D-2D contact
resistivity which is as low as 10-6 Ω·cm2 for the ultra-short contacts. We further demonstrate thatthe semimetal nanotubes with gate-tunable work function could form good contacts to various 2D
semiconductors including MoS2, WS2 and WSe2. The study on Sm-S junctions should be usefulfor the construction of reconfigurable devices and further miniaturization of electronics in the
future.

Low-dimensional semimetal-semiconductor contacts
References[1] Li, X. et al. Gate-tunable contact-induced Fermi-level shift in semimetal. PNAS 119, e2119016119 (2022).
[2] Li, X. et al. One-dimensional semimetal contacts to two-dimensional semiconductors. Nature communications
14, 111 (2023).

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CS55
A NEW CONDUCTIVE NETWORK IN CONCRETE DESIGNED BY
INTERFACIAL NANOENGINEERING
J. Zhong 1*
1

Harbin Institute of Technology - Harbin (China)*email: zhongjing@hit.edu.cn

Traditionally, conductive fillers are mixed directly with cement matrix before binding withaggregates to develop piezoresistive cement-based sensors. This results in the most vulnerable
region, interfacial transition zone (ITZ), from which microcracks are initiated, merely located at
the periphery of the conductive network and thus limits the sensitivity of the smart
sensor. Recently, we propose a strategy to construct a three-dimensional (3D) conductive
network in the mortar with ITZ directly embedded in it, thus greatly increasing both theconductivity and piezoresistivity without significantly sacrificing mechanical property. Highly
conductive graphene-coated fine aggregates (termed conductive G@FAg particles) are preparedby adsorption of graphene oxide (GO) onto the fine aggregates (FAg) surface, followed by simple
annealing and microwave treatment. The combined usage of conductive G@FAg particles andresults in an outstanding electrical conductivity and an excellent fractional change in resistivity
under cyclic compressive loading, with a negligible compressive strength loss. The muchimproved conductivity and FCR value with such a low weight percentage of conductive carbon
materials are attributed to the unique 3D network of conductive channels. Such general strategy
of nano-interface engineering with graphene derivatives can also be readily extended to thepromotion of other physical properties (strength, EMI, damping, mass transportation, et al), thus
opens a new window to optimize properties of cementitious materials.

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CS56
HIGHLY EFFICIENT SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF PURE SEMICONDUCTING SINGLE WALLED CNT HAVING SUPERIORELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY BY IN-SITU RADIAL MIXING IN
FLOATING CATALYST CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION
R. Alexander 1*, A. Kaushal 1, K. Dasgupta 1
1

Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India - Mumbai (India)*email: rajathalexander@gmail.com

The ability of CNT fiber to translate exotic properties of individual CNTs from nanoscale tomacroscale has given it the potential to replace conventional materials. In this work, for the firsttime, we have significantly enhanced the conversion of CNT fiber synthesis in FC-CVD by insitu radial mixing inside the reactor using a rotating fan. The mechanism for the enhancement of
the conversion has been determined with the aid of computational fluid dynamics. The radial
mixing is able to increase the conversion from 4.12 ± 0.21 % to 15.1 ± 0.95 % which is thehighest carbon conversion reported in FC-CVD for direct spinning of SWCNT fiber. The radial
mixing inside the reactor was able to selective produce SWCNT with 95 % semiconducting in
nature. The produced SWCNT has extremely low impurities in the as synthesized condition withno amorphous carbon and only 2.8 % iron as determined by thermogravimetry. The radial mixing
was also able to enhance the aspect ratio by 129 %. The improvement in the aspect ratio andpurity led to the production of fiber with highest electrical conductivity (8.46 ± 0.45 MS/m) for asemiconducting SWCNT fiber despite not using any post processing.

Graphical Abstract. Schematic of the radial mixing FC-CVD along with the computational fluid dynamics
simulation

References[1] Alexander Rajath, Amit Khausal, Jitendra Bahadur, and Kinshuk Dasgupta. "Bi-directional catalyst injection in
floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition for enhanced carbon nanotube fiber yield." Carbon Trends 9 (2022):
100211.
[2] Alexander Rajath, Amit Kaushal, Jyoti Prakash, P. T. Rao, Debasis Sen, and Kinshuk Dasgupta. "Porosity controlof CNT aerogel and its conversion to CNT fiber in floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition." Journal of Porous
Materials (2022): 1-14.
[3] Alexander Rajath, Amit Kaushal, Avik Das, Jitendra Bahadur, and Kinshuk Dasgupta. "Does carrier gas have arole on the yield and alignment of CNT fibers." Diamond and Related Materials 129 (2022): 109395.

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PREPARATION OF MACROMATERIALS FROM NANOCARBONS BY
INTERFACE CHARGE INJECTION
Y. Zhu 1*
1

University of Science and Technology of China - Hefei (China)*email: zhuyanwu@ustc.edu.cn

Nanocarbon such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene are mostly used in the form ofmacromaterials, whose properties and functions are sensitive to the interface between
nanocarbons and the structural features of the micromaterials formed. Thus, the structural controlof macromaterials from nanocarbons is a critical issue, for which the interface tuning techniqueneeds to be further developed. Charge injection has been used to modify the physical properties(e.g., energy level of electrons) but yet to tune the structure of macromaterials. We have foundthat, by charge injection from α-Li3N, the stacking of graphite is changed from ABC to AB
stackings, at ambient pressure and temperatures below 400 oC. By charging C60 molecules
periodically arranged in a face center cubic lattice with α-Li3N, a novel long-range ordered
porous carbon (LOPC) crystal was formed. LOPC possesses the characteristics of both longrange order in the three-dimensional crystal and partially broken C60 molecules connected as thebuilding blocks. Interface charge injection offers a new approach for constructing new materials
much like using Lego blocks, thus allowing the precise control of interfaces in crystal
macromaterials.

References
Nature 2023, 614, 95
Adv Func Mater 2022, 32, 2203894
Nano Lett 2021, 21, 5648

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ULTRAHIGH-PERFORMANCE CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED
GRAPHITIC FIBERS
D. Lee 1,*, Y. Choi 2, S.G. Kim 1, S. Ryu 3, J.J. Vilatela 4, H. Kim 2, B.C. Ku 1
KIST - Jeonju (Korea, Republic of)
KIST - Seoul (Korea, Republic of)
3
KIST - Suwon (Korea, Republic of), 4KIST - Madrid (Spain)*email: 118041@kist.re.kr
1

2

One-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNT) with a high aspect ratio have been considered as
the ultimate building block for high-performance CNT fibers due to their outstanding properties.
Many attempts to develop high-performance CNT fibers have been conducted since 2000.
However, the bulk properties of CNT fibers make it difficult to realize the ultimate properties ofindividual CNT owing to the imperfect alignment, presence of pores, and limited connectivity ofelements in the assemblies. Here, we will present the systematic studies of the wet-spinning
process for manufacturing the ultrahigh performance CNT fibers by controlling fiber shape,alignment, aspect ratio of CNT, and thermal treatment process [1-2]. Furthermore, thermoelectric
properties of thermally annealed CNT fibers will be presented.

References[1] S.G. Kim et al., Hierarchical structure control in solution spinning for strong and multifunctional carbon
nanotube fibers, Carbon, 196, 59 (2022).
[2] D. Lee et al., “Ultrahigh strength, modulus, and conductivity of graphitic fibers by macromolecular coalescence,”
Sci. Adv., 8(16), eabn0939 (2022).

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WEAK LOCALIZATION VERSUS FLUCTUATION INDUCEDTUNNELING IN HIGH PERFORMANCE CARBON NANOTUBE FIBERS
J. Bulmer 1*
1

Air Force Research Laboratory - Dayton (United States)*email: john.bulmer.2.ctr@afrl.af.mil

Carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber conductivity nearly exceeds copper’s specific conductivity andfurther improvement is expected with greater aspect ratios[1] and incorporating dopants withlong range order[2]. Analogous to the graphitic intercalation compounds, which approached andexceeded copper’s absolute conductivity, CNTs have the advantage of bendability and superiormechanically strength[3]. Despite strategic opportunities of CNT fibers as a multifunctional
conductor, we find that literature is unknowingly divided on their electrical transportmechanisms. In one prevalent literature narrative (homogeneous conduction), the overall CNT
material “order” starts low where localized charge carriers hop to distant sites. As the order isincreased experimentally (say by enhancing doping degree[4], microstructure alignment[4], or
metallicity[5]) the CNT material undergoes an insulator to metal transition and, with further orderenhancement, becomes a metal with either 2D or 3D weak localization. In the other prevalent
literature narrative (heterogeneous conduction), long metallic structures are separated by small
insulating gaps that delocalized charge carriers must tunnel through[6] [7]. Here, using cryogenic
magneto-resistance (MR) measurements on multiple high conductivity CNT fibers made from
CNTs with different aspect ratios, we conclusively demonstrate that 1) weak localization is
responsible for the negative magneto-resistance; 2) weak localization, however, only accounts fora small portion (< 10%) of the resistance upturn approaching absolute zero; 3) a magnetic-fieldindependent heterogeneous conduction model must account for the bulk of the fiber’s extrinsic
resistance. These findings are important in that the homogeneous and heterogeneous narratives inliterature rarely, if at all, consider the other alternate narrative, while being responsible for mostof a CNT fiber’s resistance at room temperature.

Resistance versus temperature for CNT fibers with different aspect ratios when a, doped and b, de-doped.

References[1] L. W. Taylor, et al., Carbon N. Y. 2021, 171, 689. [2] C. Madrona, et al., Carbon N. Y. 2022, 11, 133. [3] J. S.
Bulmer, et al., Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2008432. [4] J. Vavro, et al. Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys.
2005, 71, 1. [5] K. Yanagi, et al. ACS Nano 2010, 4, 4027. [6] A. B. Kaiser, et al. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2011, 40, 3786.
[7] A. B. Kaiser, et al. Phys. Rev. B 1998, 57, 1418.

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IN SITU XAFS ANALYSIS FOR CHEMICAL STATES OF METALCATALYSTS DURING SWCNT GROWTH BY ACCVD
T. Maruyama 1*, S. Karasawa 1, K. Sharma 1, T. Saida 1, S. Naritsuka 1
1

Meijo University - Nagoya (Japan)*email: takamaru@meijo-u.ac.jp

Selective growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a specific chirality has
been a significant issue because their electronic structures are dependent on their chirality. To
realize structural control of SWCNTs, it is important to understand the growth mechanism of
SWCNTs. However, the details of growth process of SWCNTs from catalyst particles are still
unclear, because the catalyst particles are nanosized, showing different properties from their bulk
states. To clarify the physical and chemical states of catalyst particles during SWCNT growth, insitu analysis is essential. So far, many groups reported environmental transmission electron
microscopy (ETEM) studies for SWCNT growth from iron-group metal catalysts [1-2]. However,compared with the typical growth condition of SWCNTs, they were performed at a relatively low
temperature under low feedstock gas pressure.
In this study, we performed in situ X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy toinvestigate chemical states of transition metal catalysts such as Fe, Co, Ni, Ir, and Pt during
SWCNT growth by alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition (ACCVD). XAFS analysis canbe performed even at high temperature and high pressure. Therefore, XAFS is applicable foranalysis under the conventional growth condition of SWCNTs. Our results showed that, during
SWCNT growth, iron-group metal catalysts were partially carbonized, but that platinum-groupones were maintained metallic [3-4]. We demonstrated marked difference in the degree ofcarbonization of catalyst particles, depending on the electronic structures of catalyst metals.
This work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP19H02563 and conductedat the Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), supported by “Advanced Research Infrastructure forMaterials and Nanotechnology" in Japan (ARIM), Grant Number JPMXP1222MS1001.

RSF of Co catalysts. RSFs of Co catalysts, which were obtained from XAFS spectra during SWCNT growth.
References[1] H. Yoshida et al. Nano Lett. 8 (2008) 2082.
[2] M. Picher et al. Nano Lett. 14 (2014) 6104.
[3] T. Maruyama et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 804 (2022) 139889.
[4] T. Maruyama et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. 808 (2022) 140135.

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P001
3D-PRINTED CARBON TILE-MODULATED WELL-INTERCONNECTEDPOROUS PSEUDOCAPACITIVE ELECTRODE
Z. Yang 1, Y. Zhang 2,*, Q. Li 2
Henan Key Laboratory of Materials on Deep-Earth Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Henan Polytechnic University - Jiaozuo (China)
2
Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China - Suzhou(China)*email: yyzhang2011@sinano.ac.cn
1

Pseudocapacitive electrode architecture with well-interconnected open pores is essential andcritical to the high-performance energy storage. However, challenges remain pertaining toconsistent and scalable manufacturing, as well as fast ion/electron transport, especially at a highmass loading of active materials. Herein, with kapok-derived proper-curved quasi-2D carbon tile(CT) featuring thin wall and high microporosity as unique skeleton support, a novel
pseudocapacitive CT-single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT)-NiCo2O4 electrode was constructed
via a scalable and controllable extrusion-based 3D printing strategy. The resulting 3D-printed
electrode demonstrated abundant well-interconnected hierarchical pores and continuous
conductive network built by coupling CTs and SWNTs, thereby enabling uniform and high massloading of active NiCo2O4 (31 mg cm-2), and meanwhile guaranteeing unimpeded channels andadequate pathways acting as “superhighways” for ultrafast ion diffusion and electron transport
throughout the entire device. Benefiting from these prominent features, an asymmetricsupercapacitor assembled with 3D-printed CT-modulated electrode delivered high specificcapacitance (588 mF cm-2) and energy density (138 µWh cm-2), exceptional long-term cyclingstability (82% after 50000 cycles), and superior capacity even at large electrode thickness. This
work has shed light on new strategies for fabricating rational pseudocapacitive electrodearchitectures toward high-capacity and rapidly cycling devices.

Schematic illustration. Schematic illustration of the fabrication process and proposed ion/electron transport modelof a 3D-printed CT-SWNT-NiCo2O4 cryogel electrode
References[1] Z.P. Yang, X.Y. Yang, T.T. Yang, Y.Y. Zhang, Q.W. Li, et al., Energy Storage Mater. 54 (2023) 51–59.
[2] Z.P. Yang, X.T. Lv, Y.Y. Zhang, Q.W. Li, et al., Chem. Eng. J. 423 (2021) 130304.
[3] Y.F. Cao, X.H. Tang, Y.Y. Zhang, Q.W. Li, et al., Chem. Eng. J. 431 (2022) 133241.
[4] T.T. Yang, Y.F. Cao, H.L. Fu, Z.P. Yang, Y.Y. Zhang, et al., J. Power Sources 525 (2022) 231148.

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A DFT STUDY OF THE NANOTUBE CATALYST CHARGE TRANSFER
DURING CVD GROWTH
A. Tarik 1*, C. Bichara 1
1

AIX Marseille University, CNRS, CINaM, UMR 7327 - Marseille (France)*email: tarik.ammouli@univ-amu.fr

In the context of a soaring demand for high-performance electronic devices, single-walledcarbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have emerged as a promising material with tunable electronic
structure. However, a significant challenge lies in the controlled growth of SWCNTs with a
specific chiral index (n, m), which determines their electronic properties. Different pathways
towards a chirality selective synthesis have been explored, e. g. by catalyst engineering,
optimization of CVD conditions or other methods (1,2, 3). An emerging method uses an external
electric field to produce highly selective semiconducting samples (4). The interface between thegrowing SWCNT end edge and the catalyst clusters has been shown to play a crucial role in the
CCVD process (5). This contact between the tube and its feeding catalyst is dynamically evolving
to enable carbon incorporation in the growing tube and a large number of edge configurations (6)are encountered, where charge transfer (7) might play a role.
In this study, using DFT calculations and a Bader charge analysis, we investigate the chargetransfer between nickel nanoparticles and a small number of SWCNTs, considering different
edge structures characterized by their numbers of armchair and zigzag edge atoms in each ofthem.

Nickel catalyst cluster with (8,4) nanotube colored according to their charge transfer
References[1] Yang, F. et al. Chirality-specific growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on solid alloy catalysts. Nature 510,
522–524 (2014).
[2] Yang, F. et al. Growth modes of single-walled carbon nanotubes on catalysts. Sci. Adv. 8, eabq0794 (2022).
[3] Zhang, X. et al. High-precision solid catalysts for investigation of carbon nanotube synthesis and structure. Sci.
Adv. 6, eabb6010 (2020).
[4] Wang, J. et al. Growing highly pure semiconducting carbon nanotubes by electrotwisting the helicity. Nat. Catal.
1, 326–331 (2018).
[5] Magnin, Y., Amara, H., Ducastelle, F., Loiseau, A. &amp; Bichara, C. Entropy-driven stability of chiral singlewalled carbon nanotubes. Science (80-. ). 362, 212–215 (2018).
[6] Förster G. D. et al. Swinging Crystal Edge of Growing Carbon Nanotubes, submitted.
http://arxiv.org/abs/2302.12077[7] Wang, Q. et al. Charge Transfer between Metal Clusters and Growing Carbon Structures in Chirality-Controlled
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Growth. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2, 1009–1014 (2011).

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A SIMPLE MICROPREPARATIVE GEL ELECTROPHORESISTECHNIQUE FOR PURIFICATION OF NANOSCALE BIOCONJUGATESS.H. Sajjadi 1, S.J. Wu 1, V. Zubkovs 1, H. Ahmadzadeh 2, E. K. Goharshadi 2,
A.A. Boghossian 1,*
2

1
Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne - Lausanne (Switzerland)Ferdowsi University of Mashhad - Mashhad (Iran, Islamic Republic of)*email: ardemis.boghossian@epfl.ch

Fluorescent probes are the foundation of optical imaging and sensing technologies. These
probes are engineered for different applications by varying the probe size, composition,
bioconjugation, and other various properties. The performance of these probes, however,depends strongly on the ability to purify these constructs from their synthesis mixtures. Althougha variety of chromatographic and electrophoretic purification techniques can be used to purify
probes, such techniques are usually laborious and time-consuming, and they often requirecomplex and costly instalments that are inaccessible to most laboratories. In this work, we
introduce a versatile micro-preparative (MP) method based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE) to purify fluorescent proteins (enhanced yellow fluorescence protein, EYFP), synthetic
nanoparticles (graphene quantum dots, GQDs), as well as nano-bioconjugates (EYFP-DNA andGQD-DNA). We demonstrate the successful isolation of EYFP from crude cell extract with 90%
purity, comparable to purities achieved using a two-step size exclusion and immobilized metalion affinity chromatography purification procedure. The technique was further applied for thesize-dependent separation of a commercial mixture of GQDs into three different fractions with
distinct optical properties. Finally, we apply MP-PAGE to extract EYFP-DNA and GQD-DNA
bioconjugates from a reaction mixture that otherwise could not be readily processed using
traditional chromatography techniques. MP-PAGE thus offers a rapid and versatile means ofpurifying biological and synthetic nanoprobes without the need for specialized equipment.

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P004
ACCURATE HEIGHT MEASUREMENT OF CARBON NANOTUBES
USING SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY
Y. Chen 1, Z. Zhang 1,2*, Y. Li 1,2
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University - Beijing (China)
Shanxi-PKU Institute for Carbon-Based Thin Film Electronics, (SICTFE-PKU) - Taiyuan (China)*email: zeyaozhang@pku.edu.cn
1

2

Scanning probe microscopy is one of the most commonly used methods to characterizecarbon nanotubes' morphology and properties, with advantages of high resolution, broad
applicability, simplicity, and non-destructiveness. However, there are still problems that hinder
accurate characterization. Due to the discrete measurement process, atomic force microscopy(AFM) obtains a heightmap with limited pixels, where representative sampling is difficult forzero- and one-dimensional structures with small sizes.
Herein, we simulated the sampling process of height measurement at different pixel densities in
the Peakforce Tapping mode of AFM by the Monte Carlo method. These results agreed withexperiments, facilitating the correction of distorted apparent height. Our work not only clearlypresents the resolution-related inaccuracy in the diameter measurements but also offers way tocorrect the problems.

AFM images (a) and the experimental and simulated apparent heights (b) of individual carbon nanotubes at different
pixel densities.

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P005
ADHESION OF VACNT ON ALUMINUM COLLECTOR FOR
OPTIMIZED ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
H. Benhaddou 1,*, F. Forestier Colleoni 2, F. Tran-Van 3, C. Richard 4, M. Pinault 2, L. Darchy 5
PCM2E (EA6299), Université de Tours, France ; GREMAN (UMR CNRS 7347), Université de Tours, France ;Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, FRANCE, NAWATECHNOLOGIES,France Tours (France)
2
Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE - Gif-Sur-Yvette (France)
3
PCM2E (EA6299), Université de Tours, - Tours (France)
4
GREMAN (UMR CNRS 7347), Université de Tours - Tours (France)
5
NAWATECHNOLOGIES,France - Rousset (France)*email: hajar.benhaddou@nawatechnologies.com
1

Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) arrays are considered promising candidates asalternatives to active materials, such as activated carbon, for energy storage system electrodes.
However, there is little documentation in the literature on studies of the interfaces between
VACNT-based active materials and the current collectors of supercapacitors or batteries.
NAWATechnologies developed several types of specific electrodes for applications such as
supercapacitors or batteries. The Aerosol Assisted Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition method
is used for the one-step growth of dense VACNT carpets on aluminium foils at low temperature(615°C) leading to a single-step and continuous process that meets industrial requirements for thedevelopment of low cost, highly conducting and light supercapacitors electrodes [1]. In order to
optimize their performances, we suggest studying the VACNT/Aluminum interface to improve
the adhesion of the VACNTs on the collector while limiting the interface resistance and ensuring
optimal power performance of the device. One of the specificities of this work is to combine
innovative methods of studying adhesion (in-situ analysis under the SEM) with interface analysis
on cross sections or in 3D (FIB). This parametric study is also associated with electrochemical
characterizations(electrochemical
impedance
spectroscopy,
cyclicvoltammetry,chronopotentiometry, floating) with three-electrode cell and in complete device to analyse theinterfacial resistances and the performances in energy, power, cycling. The presentation will
provide preliminary results on adhesion and electrochemical performance, with a focus on two
aspects of the synthesis. Firstly, the aluminum surface, which is the major factor affecting thereactivity of catalytic particles during the growth of VACNTs on the substrate. This wascharacterized using various methods, including XPS, confocal microscopy, SEM, roughness
testing, and AFM. Secondly, the VACNT synthesis parameters, such as growth rate and coolingtemperature, were analyzed to enhance the adhesion properties of VACNTs on aluminum.

SEM image illustrating the delamination of VACNT
References[ref 1]. F. Nassoy et al., Single-Step Synthesis of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Forest on Aluminium Foils,
Nanomaterials. 9 (2019) 1590. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9111590

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ALL-SCREEN-PRINTABLE CNT FILM-TYPE PHOTOTHERMOELECTRIC IMAGE SENSOR ARRAY SHEETS
Y. Matsuzaki 1,*, S. Takahara 1, K. Li 2, D. Sakai 1, Y. Aoshima 1, Y. Kawano 1
Department of Science and Engineering, Chuo University - 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 112-8551 (Japan)
Laboratory for Future Interdisciplinary Research of Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology - 2-121 Ookayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8550 (Japan)*email: a19.4s4d@g.chuo-u.ac.jp

1
2

As the structures of industrial products become increasingly complex, nondestructive testingis indispensable to obtain detailed information on their internal structures and defects. In thiscontext, carbon nanotube (CNT) films are suitable for omni-directional nondestructive imaging
testing devices for 3D multilayered objects due to their flexibility and ultrabroadband photoabsorption[1-2]. On the other hand, the integration of devices such as one-dimensional arrays andtwo-dimensional matrix cameras required alternating combinations of fabrication environmentsof high vacuum and cooling, and room-temperature atmosphere[3]. Therefore, this situation
hinders broad use. To this end, this work reports on the successful fabrication of CNT-based
integrated image sensors by screen-printing in room-temperature air. Fig. 1a shows the concept of
the presenting device fabrication by screen printing. The channel employs an aqueous solution of
the semiconducting-metallic-mixed SWCNTs and performs the chemical carrier doping with anaqueous solution of 15 Crown 5 Ether and KOH, and the electrode formation with a mixture
paste of conductive micro filler and binding agent. Fig 1b compares the accuracy of screen
printing with the concentration of CNT dispersion. The high concentration of CNT solution
enables stable direct drawing due to the high viscosity of the dispersion. As shown in Fig 1c, theconventional device fabrication process(Transfer) causes disconnections at the channel-electrodeinterface while drying the electrode, however, this work demonstrates improvement. In addition
to the above, this work is going to comprehensively report optimal conditions in the printing
device fabrication process and the applications of nondestructive inspection at the conference.

Figure 1. a, Concept of the presenting device fabrication. b, Comparison of printed CNTs channels in response tosolution concentration. c, Photograph of the disconnection at channel-electrode interface.

References[1] K. Li, et al. Sci. Adv. 8, 19, eabm4349, 2022.
[2] K. Li, et al. Nat. Commun. 12, 3009, 2021.
[3] D. Suzuki, K. Li, K. Ishibashi, Y. Kawano, Adv. Funct. Mater. 31, 14, 2008931, 2021.

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APPLICATION OF TON-DEGREE CARBON NANOTUBE-BASEDMESOPOROUS ADSORBENTS FOR TRAPPING VOCS IN OIL
REFINERY FACTORY
W. Qian 1*, C. Cui 1
1

Tsinghua University - Beijing Bejinng (China)*email: qianwz@tsinghua.edu.cn

Owing to the special structure configuration, high thermal conductance and non-polar
surface property, carbon nanotubes are applicable as adsorbents of trapping aromatics andgasoline-type compounds. For a practical industrial application, the molding of carbon nanotubes
to be a strip or particles with macroscopic scale is necessary to avoid the loss carried away bygas or liquid flow. It remained a state of art yet for the fabrication of an adsorbents
simultaneously meeting the requirment of the pore design, mechanical strength free of attrition,
as well as not sacrifying its effective surface area. It spent 7 years for our team to develop such amultifunctional adsorbent, to realize its mass production in several ten tons degree, and to usethem in an oil refinery factory[1-5]. An integrated apparatus was built for the pressurized
adsorption of aromatic-type VOCs, for the desorption with steam and the recycle use ofcondensed aromatic products. A far quick heat start up and close down of apparatus was realized
for CNT-based adsorbents, compared to activated carbon adsorbents. Interestingly, we used a
CVD process to further convert light hydrocarbon component into carbon nanotubes, where thekey includes the high efficeint conversion to meet the emission regulation of non-methanehydrocarbons. Sufficient data allowed us to discuss the carbon nanotube cycle in this operation,
as using green electricity as the energy supply. Thus, a near carbon zero emssion cycle can beachieved.
It, we think, is a contribution of carbon nanotube-related technology to the era of carbon
neutrality.

VOCs capture by CNT-based adsorbents. Photo of the skid-mounted equipment of adsorption-desorption-carbon
fxation process based on CNT-based adsorbent (a). Schematic diagram of industrial closed-loop (b)References[1] Yin ZF , Cui CJ , Qian WZ. et al. Carbon Neutraility. 2022,1:27.
[2] Yin ZF, Shen BY, Cui CJ, Chen H, Duoni, Wang J, Qian WZ, and Zhao L. ACS Appl. Mater. Interface.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c11410.
[3] Chen, H, Qian WZ, Xie, Q, Cheng XS. Carbon 2017, 116, 409−414.
[4] Yin ZF, Duoni, Chen H, Wang J, Qian W Z, et al., Carbon 2018, 132, 329−334.
[5] Yin, ZF, Cui, CJ, Chen H, Duoni, Yu X, Qian WZ. Small 2020, 16, No. 1902301.

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P008
ATOMIC SCALE CHEMICAL ORDERING IN FRANCKEITE—A
NATURAL VAN DER WAALS SUPERLATTICE
A.M. Aygar 1,*, H. Zschiesche 2, G. Button 3, T. Szkopek 1
McGill University - Montreal (Canada)
Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces - Potsdam (Germany)
3
McMaster University - Hamilton (Canada)*email: melis.aygar@mail.mcgill.ca
12Franckeite is a naturally occurring sulfosalt mineral with a van der Waals superlattice
structure, found in Bolivia and first described by Stelzner[1]. This van der Waals heterostructure
is composed of alternating incommensurate 2D layers, namely the H-layer (PbS) and Q-layer(SnS2). Franckeite has attracted attention recently due to its semiconducting and electrochemical
properties and the possibility for exfoliation of flakes and their incorporation into devices[2,3].
An extensive review on preceding characterization results is given in the work of Makovicky etal.[4], including a detailed description of the atomic site modulation caused by the
incommensurate structure was proposed. Such modulations in franckeite, and the related mineralcylindrite, have been imaged before using transmission electron microscopy (TEM)[5,6] or withhigh-angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)[7].
Here we present several new experimental observations of franckeite, including atomic structure
measurement using state-of-the-art high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) scanningtransmission electron microscopy (STEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). With atomicnumber image contrast in HAADF STEM(Fig1). direct information about both the geometricstructure and its chemistry is provided, including several new chemical ordering effects. We
present mid-infrared reflectance and transmittance spectroscopy measurements of exfoliatedfranckeite crystallites, where absorption associated with indirect excitons in the superlattice is
expected to be observed.

HAADF-STEM images of franckeite: atomically resolved Q-layer and H-layer are distinguishable. (a) In [100]viewing direction, the displacive modulation is visible. (b) In [010], the modulation is averaged along the projection
leading to a blurring of the atomic columns when the sample thickness is in the order or larger than the modulation
wavelength.
References[1] A W Stelzner, Zeitschrift der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft, 44(1892),p.114-124[2] A J Molina-Mendoza, E Giovanelli, W S Paz, et al., Nat Commun, 8(2017),14409[3] M Velický, P S Toth, A M Rakowski, et al., Nat Commun, 8(2017),14410[4] E Makovicky, V Petříček, M Dušek, et al., Am Min, 96(2011) p.1686–1702[5] T B Williams, B G Hyde, Phys Chem Minerals, 15(1988),p.521-544[6] S Wang, K H Kuo, Acta Cryst, A47(1991),p.381-392[7] S Wang, P R Buseck, J Liu, Am Min, 80(1995), p.1174-1178

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BIOSENSING MEMBRANE PROTEINS WITH SOLUTION GATEDGRAPHENE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS
M. Fomin 1,*, N. Füllbrunn 2, L. Jorde 2, F. Steinbach 1, C. You 2, M. Petrychuk 3, S. Vitusevich 3,
C. Ungermann 4, J. Piehler 4, C. Meyer 1
1
Department of Physics, Osnabrück University - Osnabrück (Germany)
Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University Osnabrück (Germany)
3
Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich - Jülich (Germany)
4
Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University Osnabrück (Germany) - Osnabrück (Germany)*email: mfomin@uos.de2

Membrane proteins are crucial for many biological processes, yet their dynamics and function
remain poorly understood due to the lack of techniques that provide adequate spatial andtemporal resolution. In this study, we present a novel approach using solution-gated graphenefield effect transistors (SGFETs) in combination with biomimetic membranes to investigate
protein dynamics. Specifically, the histidine-tagged proteins were captured by the tris-NTA
complexes conjugated to the lipid membrane on the SGFETs interface [1]. Once the protein was
attached, we ensured its reversibility using the imidazole wash as a competitor molecule for thehistidine tag. In addition, we utilized SGFETs to track the electrochemical potential whileimmobilizing HOPS membrane tethering complexes on a lipid monolayer. The dynamics
governing the behavior of HOPS were previously reported using graphene-induced energy
transfer measurements on dye-labeled complexes [2]. Through noise measurements, we assessed
the impact of different functionalization steps on the device's transport properties. We explore thepotential of our method to study the dynamics of label-free proteins.

Immobilization of the HOPS complex on the SGFET channel-lipid membrane interface, with schematic
representations of potential conformational changes in the HOPS complex in the L (low), M (medium), and H (high)states.
References[1] Jorde et al, JAP 129, 094302 (2021).
[2] Füllbrunn et al., eLife 10, e62501 (2021).

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P010
BOOSTING CO-BASED AEROSOL CVD SYNTHESIS OF SWCNT
TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILMS
I.V. Novikov 1*, E.M. Khabushev 1, V.S. Shestakova 1, D.V. Krasnikov 1, A.G. Nasibulin 1
1

Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology - Moscow (Russian Federation)*email: ilya.novikov@skoltech.ru

Aerosol (floating catalyst) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process is one of the mostpromising methods for SWCNT synthesis since it allows one-stage and scalable production of
SWCNTs in various forms – aerosols, fibers, and thin films, which may be considered as a main
alternative material to brittle ITO with its depleting resources. Meanwhile, CO-based aerosol
CVD nanotube synthesis attracts much attention, since it results in the highest optoelectronic
properties achieved. Nevertheless, a significant drawback of the CO-based process is its quite low
productivity, as well as optoelectronic performance, is still not reaching an industrial level of ITO(~ 10 Ω/□ equivalent sheet resistance at 90% transparency (R90). Besides, the general aerosol
CVD reactor feature is a poor opportunity to study catalyst evolution and nanotube growth
processes. In our investigation, we have proposed an approach to tuning SWCNT length while
maintaining the catalyst activation stage by an increase in residence time in a flow reactor [1].
Nanotube lengthening was shown to enhance SWCNT film conductivity (we have managed toachieve R90 of 54 Ω/□ for doped films). Using this method, in our next work, we have thoroughly
studied a CO2 effect in CO-based SWCNT synthesis on catalyst evolution and have demonstrated
that CO2 considerably decreases catalyst lifetime. In another study, we have switched on a poorly
studied reducing growth promoter, H2, and have shown it significantly increases synthesis yieldby another carbon-feeding reaction between CO and H2. At the same time, at different conditions,H2 introduction may also result in a decreased R90 [2]. Thus, we have proposed different
techniques for improving the figure of merits of both the CO-based aerosol CVD process(productivity) and the product – SWCNT thin film (its optoelectronic properties). The authors
thank Russian Science Foundation grant No. 20-73-10256.

Schematic representation of residence time and hydrogen effect in the CO-based aerosol CVD synthesis of SWCNT
films

References[1] Ilya V. Novikov, Eldar M. Khabushev, et al., CEJ, 2021, 129869.
[2] Ilya V. Novikov, et al., submitted in 2023.

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P011
BOOSTING SOLAR-POWERED INTERFACIAL WATER EVAPORATION
BY ARCHITECTING 3D POLYMERIC TOPOLOGICAL NETWORK IN
CNT CELLULAR STRUCTURE
L.M. Zhao 1*, Y.Y. Zhang 1, Q.W. Li 1
1

Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Suzhou (China)*email: lmzhao2019@sinano.ac.cn

Photothermal hydrogel, with an inherently modifiable hydrated network, has been widely
demonstrated as a promising candidate for efficient water treatment. However, there are still greatchallenges in architecting abundant interfacial mass transfer channels and avoiding excessive
polarity interaction in polymeric hydrogels.
Here, a 3D interconnected topological porous hydrogel was proposed to enable cellular carbon
nanotube (CNT) structures filled with hydrophilic and thermosensitive nanonetworks via
infiltration and crosslinking of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethyleneimine (PEI) and carbon
black particles (CBs). In this regard, the obtained hybrid hydrogel, featuring confined capillary
channel and weak hydration interaction, achieved a superior water evaporation rate of 3.55 kg m2 h-1 with an efficiency of 92.0% under 1 sun irradiation, and particularly a high self-evaporation
rate of 0.49 kg m-2 h-1 in the dark. More importantly, such hybrid hydrogel demonstrated
excellent evaporation performance in weak sunlight and highly humid environments. This work
has shed light on new insights to manufacture porous and low-enthalpy photothermal hydrogels
for advanced solar-driven water treatment technology.
Keywords: Carbon nanotube, topological hydrogel, hydration, solar steam generation

Figure 1. Schematic design of 3D interconnected topological CNT hydrogel

References[1] Liming Zhao, Yongyi Zhang,* Qingwen Li,* et al., Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 451, 138676.
[2] Liming Zhao, Yongyi Zhang,* Qingwen Li,* et al., Composites Part B: Engineering, 2021, 211, 108661.
[3] Pei Cao, Liming Zhao, Yongyi Zhang,* Qingwen Li,* et al., ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13,19109.
[4] Han Wang, Qingwen Li,* et al., Adv. Funct. Mater. 2017, 27, 1606220.

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P012
BOTTOM-UP SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE
QUANTUM DOTS
C. Banga-Kpako 1,*, D. Medina-Lopez 1, J.S. Lauret 2, S. Campidelli 1
Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN - 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette (France)
Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, Centrale Supélec, CNRS, LuMIn - 91400 Orsay (France)*email: cynthia.banga-kpako@cea.fr
1

2

For the last fifteen years, researchers have been interested in the synthesis and properties ofgraphene materials produced using a method called top-down. In 2008, H. Dai has been
demonstrated the formation of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) starting from graphite material.[1]Nevertheless, this method does not allow controlling the structure of the final material at theatomic level. This degree of control is done by a simple method called bottom-up which exploits
the chemical synthesis. A benzene ring is the ideal precursor for this approach and themultiplication of these rings forms polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The group of K.
Müllen has developed a method for the synthesis of polyphenylene dendrimers based on theDiels-Alder reaction. These dendrimers are then oxidized by the Scholl reaction and give
PAHs.[2] GQDs have a very low solubility in organic solvents. Optical analyses are tricky
because of the molecules that aggregate strongly due to π-π stacking interactions and are
therefore not individualized.[3] To remedy this problem, functionalization of the edges of GQDs
is possible to increase the steric hindrance of each GQDs, thus limiting π-stacking.[4-5] The new
family of GQDs synthesized is "saturated" with tert-Butyl group that makes them highly soluble
and individualized in classical solvents.

Structure and photophysics of a C78-tBu10 particle
References[1] S. X et al., « Nano-Graphene Oxide for Cellular Imaging and Drug Delivery », Nano Res., vol. 1, no 3, 2008[2] J. Wu, W. Pisula, et K. Müllen, « Graphenes as Potential Material for Electronics », Chem. Rev., vol. 107, no 3,
p. 718-747, 2007
[3] T. Liu et al., « Vibronic effect and influence of aggregation on the photophysics of graphene quantum dots »,Nanoscale, vol. 14, no 10, p. 3826-3833, 2022
[4] A. Stabel, P. Herwig, K. Müllen, et J. P. Rabe, « Diodelike Current–Voltage Curves for a Single Molecule–Tunneling Spectroscopy with Submolecular Resolution of an Alkylated, peri-Condensed Hexabenzocoronene »,Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., vol. 34, no 15, p. 1609-1611, 1995
[5] D. Medina-Lopez et al., submitted

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P013
CARBON NANOMATERIALS FOR ROOM TEMPERATURE GASSENSING
T.R.C. Santos 1*, M.M. França 1, L.S. Roman 1
1

University Federal of Paraná (UFPR) - Curitiba (Brazil)*email: talitha.ramos@ufpr.br (T.R.C. Santos)

The development of gas sensors with high detection properties operating at room temperature
is of great interest due to their low power consumption and long-term stability. Among thevarious types of semiconductor gas sensors, metal oxide-based sensors are the focus of researchdue to their high gas response, excellent selectivity, good portability, and low manufacturing cost,
but the high operating temperature compromises the application in gas sensors, as maintaining ahigh and stable temperature system increases its operating cost [1]. Inserting a material that
operates at room temperature is a solution to mitigate such facts. Graphene can overcome thisdeficiency. Graphene is a two-dimensional nanomaterial characterized by high ductility,
electrical conductivity, transparency, and flexibility [2]. In this context, a way to reduce the metaloxide-based sensors operating temperature through graphene doping will be presented,
maintaining its stability and detection sensitivity [3]. In addition, as a way of implementing the
production of nanostructured devices on a flexible substrate, the study and application of plasma
treatment at atmospheric pressure on PET substrates were carried out, for the production of
sensors [4].

Interdigitated electrode. Interdigitated electrode made on PET substrate for gas sensing.

References[1] Sun, Y.-F., Liu, S.-B., Meng, F.-L., Liu, J.-Y., Jin, Z., Kong, L.-T., & Liu, J.-H. (2012). Metal Oxide
Nanostructures and Their Gas Sensing Properties: A Review. Sensors, 12(3), 2610–2631.
[2] Tian, W., Liu, X., & Yu, W. (2018). Research Progress of Gas Sensor Based on Graphene and Its Derivatives: A
Review. Applied Sciences, 8(7), 1118.
[3] Schedin, F., Geim, A. K., Morozov, S. V., Hill, E. W., Blake, P., Katsnelson, M. I., & Novoselov, K. S. (2007).
Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene. Nature Materials, 6(9), 652–655.
[4] Kim, K. N., Lee, S. M., Mishra, A.,Yeom, G. Y. (2016). Atmospheric pressure plasmas for surface modificationof flexible and printed electronic devices: A review. Thin Solid Films, 598, 315–334.

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P014
CARBON NANOTUBE ELECTRON BLACKBODY AND ITS RADIATION
SPECTRAK. Zhang 1, G. Chen 1,*, S. Zhou 1, Z. Yuan 1, X. Gu 1, D. Zhou 1, Y. Wang 1, X. Gao 1, Y. Ma 1,
R. Xu 1, Z. Bai 2, P. Liu 1, L. Yang 1, S. Zhou 1, K. Jiang 1
1State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University - Beijing(China)2
Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University - Beijing (China)*email: g-chen18@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn

An optical blackbody is an ideal absorber for all incident optical radiation, and the theoretical
study of its radiation spectra paved the way for quantum mechanics (Planck's law). Herein, we
propose the concept of an electron blackbody, which is a perfect electron absorber as well as anelectron emitter with standard energy spectra at different temperatures. Vertically aligned carbon
nanotube arrays are electron blackbodies with an electron absorption coefficient of 0.95 forincident energy ranging from 1 keV to 20 keV and standard electron emission spectra that fit wellwith the free electron gas model. Such a concept might also be generalized to blackbodies for
extreme ultraviolet, X-ray, and γ-ray photons as well as neutrons, protons, and other elementary
particles.

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P015
CARBON NANOTUBE MECHANICAL RESONATOR WITH MASSSENSITIVITY OF 70 YOCTOGRAM AT ROOM TEMPERATURE
C. Basset 1,*, H.N. Tran 1, R. Desgarceaux 1, B. Lecarlate-Fernandez 1, S. Pashayev 1,
R. Jabbarov 2, E. Alibert 1, R. Jélinek 1, V. Jourdain 1, R. Lhermenout 3, F. Henn 1, A. Noury 1
Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS - Montpellier (France)
2
Institute of Physics, ANAS - Baku (Azerbaijan)
3
Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS - Grenoble (France)*email: clarisse.basset@umontpellier.fr
1

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are exceptional mechanical resonators. They are extremely lightwith masses in the attogram range. As bottom-up materials, they do not suffer from surface
defects like their top-down counterparts NEMS usually etched from silicon or nitride substrates[1]. From these two features stems their exquisite mass sensitivity of 1.4 yg, the mass of a single
proton, in a cryogenic environment, (1 yg = 10-24 g) as demonstrated by Chaste et al [2]. Thissensitivity was reported to be much worse at room temperature, about 25 zg [3] (1 zg = 10-21g).
This has hindered the use of CNTs as sensors in real-life applications. In this work, we show that
CNTs mechanical resonators can also reach exquisite sensitivity at room temperature down to 70
yg: the mass of an individual molecule as small as pentane. We carefully investigated the noisemechanisms that could be limiting the sensitivity: electrical fluctuations, temperature drifts,
residual molecules in the gas phase and Brownian motion. It was found our resonator works close
to the Brownian noise limit and that it is not bounded to external sources of noise. Increasing thepressure does not seem to degrade the sensitivity, which might be preserved up to ambientpressure. Finally, the exquisite sensitivity observed here is similar for several CNTs, making it areliable and reproducible asset. This opens up the possibility to perform single-molecule sensing,in various contexts [2,4].

Mass sensitivities using CNTs mechanical resonator

References[1] M. L. Roukes et al. (2005). Nanoelectromechanical systems. Rev. Sci. Instr., 76, 061101.
[2] J. Chastes et al. (2012). A nanomechanical mass sensor with yoctogram resolution, Nat. Nano, 7, 5, 301-304.
[3] B. Lassagne et al. (2008). Ultrasensitive mass sensing with a nanotube electromechanical resonator, Nano. Let.,8, 11, 3735 – 3738.
[4] P. Robin et al. (2023). Nanofluidics at the crossroads, Soft Cond. Matt., preprint.

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P016
CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED FLEXIBLE HIGH-SPEED CIRCUITSWITH SUB-NANOSECOND STAGE DELAYS
G. Long 1*, W. Jin 1, Y. Hu 1, L.M. Peng 1
1

Peking University - Beijing (China)*email: guanhualong@pku.edu.cn

High-speed flexible circuits are required in wireless flexible systems that perform real-time
information analysis for emerging applications, such as next-generation wearables for personal
health care. Scaling the channel length of the transistors into the sub-μm region is one of thekeys. Here, we present scaled carbon nanotube-based thin film transistors (CNT-TFTs) withchannel lengths down to 450 nm on 2-μm-thick parylene substrates, achieving state-of-the-art
performances of high on-state current (187.6 μA μm-1) and large transconductance (123.3 μS μm1). Scaling behavior analyses reveal that the performance hike in scaling is attributed to thechannel resistance reduction while the contact resistance remains unchanged. Notably, the contact
resistance on a single nanotube basis of 180 ± 50 kΩ per tube is comparable to that achieved in
rigid ones, indicating huge potential in ultimate scaled flexible CNT-TFTs with high performancecomparable to their rigid counterparts where contact resistance dominates the whole device
performance. Five-stage flexible ring oscillators are built to benchmark the speed of scaled
devices, in which an oscillation frequency of 356 MHz and a stage delay of 281 ps were achieved
at a low supply voltage of 2.6 V.

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P017
STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL NANOCARBON
MATERIALS FOR EXTREME-ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS
M. Xu 1*1

Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Wuhan (China)*email: ming.xu@hust.edu.cn

Extreme environments represent numerous harsh environmental conditions, such astemperature, pressure, corrosion, and radiation. The tolerance of applications in extreme
environments exemplifies significant challenges to both materials and their structures. Given the
superior mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and chemical stability ofnanocarbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, they are widely
investigated as base materials for extreme environmental applications and have shown numerous
breakthroughs in the fields of wide-temperature structural-material construction, low-temperatureenergy storage, underwater sensing, and electronics operated at high temperatures. Here, thecritical aspects of structural design and fabrication of nanocarbon materials for extreme
environments are reviewed, including a description of the underlying mechanism supporting theperformance of nanocarbon materials against extreme environments, the principles of structuraldesign of nanocarbon materials for the optimization of extreme environmental performances, andthe fabrication processes developed for the realization of specific extreme environmental
applications. Finally, perspectives on how CNTs and graphene can further contribute to thedevelopment of extreme environmental applications are presented. [1-6].

Extreme-environmental applications
References[1] M. Xu et al. Science, 330, 6009 (2010)[2] M. Xu et al. Nat. Commun., 7, 13450 (2016)[3] X. Wan et al, Nat. Catalysis, 2, 259 (2019)[4] M. Zhang et al., Adv. Func. Mater., 30, 2004564 (2020)[5] X. Gao et al., Nat. Commun., 11, 6160 (2020)[6] S. Wu et al., Adv. Mater., 2201046 (2022)

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P018
CARRIER DOPING EFFECT OF FUNCTIONALIZED SUMANENES ON
CARBON NANOTUBE
H. Uchiyama 1,*, T. Nakano 1, M. Matsunaga 1, Y. Yakiyama 2, H. Sakurai 2, Y. Gao 3,
M. Maruyama 3, S. Okada 3, H. Kataura 4, Y. Ohno 1
Nagoya University - Nagoya (Japan)
2
Osaka University - Suita (Japan)
3
University of Tsukuba - Tsukuba (Japan)
4
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology - Tsukuba (Japan)*email: uchiyama.haruki.t5@f.mail.nagoya-u.ac.jp
1

Sumanene C21H12[1] has an electric dipole due to the bowl-shaped structure, and the dipole
moment can be modified by the termination (H, O, F). Sumanene also exhibits an inversion of thebowl structure by mechanical stress or an electric field,[2] and hence an inversion of an electric
dipole.[3] A combination of sumanene and semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has great
potential to realize a nanoscale molecular memory. In this study, various types of functionalized
sumanenes were coated on CNT thin-film transistors (TFTs) to investigate the interactions
between sumanenes and CNTs. Functionalized sumanenes were spin-coated on CNT TFTs. Threetypes of devices were fabricated with monofluoro (F1)-, difluoro (F2)-, and hexafluoro (F6)sumanene, respectively. The electrical characteristics of CNT TFTs were measured in a glove
box after the removal of adsorbed water molecules. The threshold voltage of F1-, F2-sumanene,
and F6-sumanene exhibited a negative (Δp=-1.4×1011, -1.3×1011 cm-2) and positive(Δp=+6.7×1010 cm-2) shift, respectively, compared to the that of pristine CNT TFT. This result
can be explained by the balance between the electron transfer due to the high electron affinity of
the F termination and the electric field doping by the dipole of sumanene.

References[1] H. Sakurai et al., Science 301, 1878 (2003), [2] S. Fujii et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138, 12142 (2016), [3] M. Li etal., Mater. Chem. Front. 6, 1752 (2022).

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P019
CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO-TERMINAL SUSPENDED CHEMICALVAPOR-DEPOSITED GRAPHENE FIELD-EFFECT DEVICES FORSENSING APPLICATIONS
K. Thodkar 1,*, F. Gramm 2
1

Micro- & Nanosystems, Dept. of Mechanical & Process Engineering, ETH Zuirch - Zurich (Switzerland)2
ScopeM, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, ETH Zuirch - Zurich (Switzerland)*email: kishant@ethz.ch

Chemical vapor deposition is a useful method to grow large-area, single-layer graphene films
on copper films. Using the polymer-assisted transfer technique, the transfer of large-areagraphene films over a wafer scale is achievable. However, challenges related to improving CVD
graphene device performance metrics (field-effect mobility) using polymer-assisted methods
have remained. Such enhancements of field-effect mobility in graphene devices have been
extensively studied under different device architectures. Primary architecture considers the direct
fabrication of graphene devices on oxide substrates.[1] Secondary architecture has explored theencapsulating graphene films with insulating 2D material layers using dry transfer methods.
Tertiary approaches have explored the suspension of the graphene film using polymer-assisted
methods. We demonstrate the realization of such tertiary device architectures with suspended
chemical vapor-deposited graphene films using standard microfabrication approaches. Our
simplified approach demonstrates >10x improvement in field-effect mobility compared to CVD
graphene devices on SiO2/Si substrates.[1, 2] In addition,
we demonstrate the use of current annealing techniques
under ambient conditions to reduce polymeric surface
contamination of CVD graphene devices. Our approachshows the realization of CVD graphene devices with highperformance metrics and offers a viable, scalable
alternative to encapsulation and solvent-assisted
methods.[3]Keywords: charge scattering, chemical vapor deposition(CVD), graphene

Characterization of suspended CVD graphene devices. Fig. 1a)
Field-effect characteristics of a suspended CVD graphene device, 1b)
Conductance vs the charge carrier density profile extracted from the
FET characteristics. Note the low residual charge carrier density of~1x10^10 cm-2 observed in this device.

References[1] Kishan Thodkar, Maria El Abbassi, Felix Lüönd, Frédéric Overney, Christian Schönenberger, Blaise Jeanneret,Michel Calame, physica status solidi (RRL) – Rapid Research Letters. 2016 10, 807, DOI: 10.1002/pssr.201600211.
[2] Kishan Thodkar, Fabian Gramm, Submitted, In review. 2023.
[3] K. Thodkar, D. Thompson, F. Lüönd, L. Moser, F. Overney, L. Marot, C. Schönenberger, B. Jeanneret, M.
Calame, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2017 9, 25014, DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05143.

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P020
CIRCULARLY POLARIZED NEAR-INFRARED PHOTO- AND
ELECTROLUMINESCENCE FROM ENANTIOPURE SINGLECHIRALITY SINGLE-WALL CARBON NANOTUBES
Y. Yomogida 1,*, F. Sebastian 2, Y. Hosokawa 1, N.F. Zorn 2, S. Wieland 2, K. Yanagi 1,
J. Zaumseil 2
1

Tokyo Metropolitan University - Hachioji (Japan)
2
Heidelberg University - Heidelberg (Germany)*email: yomogida@tmu.ac.jp

Near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting devices exhibiting circularly polarized luminescence(CPL) have potential applications in spintronics, quantum computing, and opticalcommunication. Especially, the NIR II region above 1000 nm is important for optical diagnostics
and bioimaging. However, inherently circularly polarized light-emitting devices in the NIR II
region have not yet been realized due to the lack of suitable chiral emitters. Semiconducting
single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are chiral materials that exhibit NIR emission in the
NIR II region and already have been applied in light-emitting devices [1,2]. Recently, advanced
separation techniques [3-5] have made it possible to obtain sufficient amounts of enantiopure
single-chirality SWCNTs exhibiting clear circular dichroism (CD). CPL is an analogue of CD
and often the associated dissymmetry factors are correlated. Hence, CPL from enantiopure
SWCNTs can be expected. Here, we demonstrated NIR circularly polarized photo- andelectroluminescence from enantiomer-sorted SWCNTs. Enantiopure (6,5) and (11,-5) SWCNTs
were separated by gel chromatography and films were deposited on glass substrates with sourcedrain electrodes followed by a gate dielectric and gate electrode to create light-emitting
transistors. The transistors exhibited ambipolar charge transport and electroluminescence with apeak corresponding to E11 of (6,5) and (11,-5) SWCNTs. Circularly polarized
electroluminescence and photoluminescence spectra represented by the difference between theintensity of right-handed (IR) and left-handed emission (IL) could be recorded with opposite signs
between (6,5) and (11,-5). This first observation of CPL from SWCNTs opens up new
applications in the NIR II region.

Transistor and optical properties of SWCNT films. (a) Transfer characteristics of a (6,5) SWCNT transistor. (b)Representative EL spectrum of the transistors. (c) CP EL spectrum of transistors with enantiopure and racemic
SWCNTs.
References[1] A. Graf et al., Nat. Mater. 16, 911 (2017)[2] A. Graf et al. Adv. Mater. 30, 1706711 (2018)[3] Y. Yomogida et al, Nat. Commun. 7, 12056 (2016)[4] X. Wei et al, Carbon 132, 1 (2018)[5] Y. Yomogida et al, ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 3, 11289 (2020)

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P021
TOWARD 1D/2D HETEROSTRUCTURES FOR NANO-OPTICS
J. Le Balle 1,*, J.B. Marceau 2, E. Carré 3, B. Dlubak 4, P. Seneor 4, A. Loiseau 1, E. Gaufrès 2
LEM - Chatillon (France)
LP2N - Talence (France)
3
LEM/UMPhy - Chatillon/palaiseau (France)
4
UMPhy - Palaiseau (France)*email: juliette.le_balle-ext@onera.fr
1

2

Since the discovery of graphene, the assembling of 2D semiconductors in van der Waals(VdW) heterostructures results in the emergence of fascinating properties1 with potential impact
in nano-optics. However, the presence of intrinsic structural defects and inhomogeneities in 2D
semiconductors, associated to indirect band baps and low quantum yields, still limit their study
and use in nanophotonics as effective emitters. In contrast, 0D materials such as luminescentorganic molecules display strong light/matter interaction and intense light emission properties.
On another hand, molecules are fragile, highly sensitive to their environment and difficult toarrange and position.
In this presentation we show that nanotubes can be used as template for the integration of 1D
chain of luminescent molecules2–4 in 2D materials. We present preliminary results on the
0D/1D/2D fabrication process, their structural characterization and luminescence properties.

References[1] Novoselov, K. S., Mishchenko, A., Carvalho, A. & Castro Neto, A. H. 2D materials and van der Waals
heterostructures. Science 353, aac9439 (2016).
[2] Gaufrès, E. et al. Giant Raman scattering from J-aggregated dyes inside carbon nanotubes for multispectral
imaging. Nature Photon 8, 72–78 (2014).
[3] Allard, C. et al. Confinement of Dyes inside Boron Nitride Nanotubes: Photostable and Shifted Fluorescence
down to the Near Infrared. Adv. Mater. 32, 2001429 (2020).
[4] Badon, A. et al. Fluorescence anisotropy using highly polarized emitting dyes confined inside BNNTs. Mater.
Horiz. 10, 983–992 (2023).

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P022
COMPREHENSIVE MODEL FOR THE THERMOELECTRIC
PROPERTIES OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL CARBON NANOTUBE
NETWORKS
A. Dash 1*, D. Scheunemann 1, M. Kemerink 1
1

Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld
225, 69120 - Heidelberg (Germany)*email: aditya.dash@uni-heidelberg.de

Networks of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are interesting
thermoelectric materials due to the interplay between CNT and network properties. We
developed a unified model for charge and heat transport determining the thermoelectric
properties of 2D CNT mesh-like networks. These meshes can be treated as a random resistor
network where disorder-shifted 1D DOS are integrated into the steady state master equation andthe Landauer formalism is used for modelling the junction and tube resistances. The model
provides a consistent description of a wide range of previously published experimental data for
temperature and charge-carrier-density-dependent conductivities and Seebeck coefficients, withenergetic disorder being the main factor to explain the experimentally observed mobility upswing
with carrier concentration. In more details, electrical and thermoelectric properties of the network
are obtained by solving Kirchhoff’s laws through a modified nodal analysis, where we use theBoltzmann-transport formalism to obtain the conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and electronic
contribution to the thermal conductivity. Moreover, we show for lower disorder energies, theLorentz factor obtained from the simulation is in accordance with the Wiedemann-Franz law fordegenerate-band semiconductors. Suppressed disorder energy and lattice thermal conductivity
can be the key to higher thermoelectric figures of merit, zT, in SWCNT networks, possibly
approaching or even exceeding zT = 1.

(a) Calculated thermoelectric figure of merit dependence on carrier density, parametric in energetic disorder. (b)Current distribution in the SWCNT network with varying disorder at constant Fermi energy. Lower to higher
disorder from left to right.

References[1] Dash, A., Scheunemann, D. and Kemerink, M., 2022. Comprehensive Model for the Thermoelectric Properties of
Two-Dimensional Carbon Nanotube Networks. Physical Review Applied, 18(6), p.064022.
[2] Statz, M., Schneider, S., Berger, F.J., Lai, L., Wood, W.A., Abdi-Jalebi, M., Leingang, S., Himmel, H.J.,
Zaumseil, J. and Sirringhaus, H., 2020. Charge and thermoelectric transport in polymer-sorted semiconducting
single-walled carbon nanotube networks. ACS nano, 14(11), pp.15552-15565.

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P023
CONTACT ANGLE DEPENDENCE OF CONDUCTANCE BETWEENCARBON NANOTUBES FROM TIGHT-BINDING SIMULATIONS
P.A. Kloza 1*, J.A. Elliott 1
1

University of Cambridge - Cambridge (United Kingdom)*email: pak37@cam.ac.uk

Aligning carbon nanotube (CNT) materials to a high degree can lead to remarkable
improvements in their bulk electrical properties [1]. While some previous studies have shownthat orbital overlap, alignment and registry effects can improve conductance, those studies areeither limited in scope [2] or use simplified tight-binding (TB) models which do not fully
consider the local orbital geometry for inter-tube contacts [3]. To account for these shortcomings,
we present a large-scale TB study on the effects of registry and contact angle on CNT
conductance. The TB model employed in our study accounts for overlap integrals of Slater p ands orbitals, depending on their relative orientation [4]. The study considers 231 distinct pairs ofmetallic CNTs of different helicities in point contact, in a total of 1,319,472 unique contact
geometries. Conductances between all leads connected to the scattering region are calculatedusing the Landauer-Buttiker formalism in the Kwant package [5]. We show that measured
conductances depend strongly on the specific contact geometry, resulting in a highly variableconductance spectrum as the contact geometry changes. Statistical averaging reveals that small
contact angles dramatically improve inter-tube conductance due to increased orbital overlap andstronger inter-tube coupling. Likewise, registry effects are also observed where the orientation of
the hexagonal lattices of the two CNTs in contact coincide. We further show that registry effects
are only significant compared to overall alignment effects when the registry mismatch angle isless than 10°. Additionally, we observe that, regardless of relative helicity of contacting tubes,
CNT-CNT contacts are sufficient to cause significant backscattering of Bloch waves in both
CNTs, substantially limiting the overall conductance. These findings are used to derive practicaldesign goals for CNT materials which aim to optimise inter-tube conductance whilst minimisingbackscattering. Our findings confirm that making structures containing fully-aligned neararmchair CNTs is likely the best way to bring the remarkable properties of individual CNTs to
the macroscale.

References[1] Bulmer, J. S., Kaniyoor, A., Elliott 2008432, J. A., A Meta-Analysis of Conductive and Strong Carbon Nanotube
Materials. Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2008432. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202008432[2] S. Tripathy and T. K. Bhattacharyya, Role of inter-tube coupling and quantum interference on electrical transport
in carbon nanotube junctions. Physica E. 2016, Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 83, 314 – 321.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2016.04.033[3] F. Xu, A. Sadrzadeh, Z. Xu, and B. I. Yakobson, Can carbon nanotube fibers achieve the ultimate conductivity?
Coupled-mode analysis for electron transport through the carbon nanotube contact. Journal of Applied Physics, 2013,
114, 6, 063714. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4818308[4] T. Nakanishi and T. Ando, Conductance of crossed carbon nanotubes. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan,
2001, 70, 6, 1647–1658. https://doi.org/10.1143/JPSJ.70.1647[5] C. W. Groth, M. Wimmer, A. R. Akhmerov, and X. Waintal, Kwant: a software package for quantum transport.
New Journal of Physics, 2014, 16, 063065.

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CONTINUOUS GAS-PHASE SYNTHESIS OF SIZE-PRECISE CATALYSTNANOPARTICLES FOR SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBEGROWTHR. Qiao 1,*, X. Zhang 2, A. Boies 1
1

Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge - Cambridge (United Kingdom)2
Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Beijing (China)*email: rq215@cam.ac.uk

Prized for their extraordinary properties at the microscale, single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) continue to attract interests from multiple research disciplines. Yet it remains achallenge to produce high-quality SWCNTs economically and efficiently. Currently, the two
mainstream approaches are post-synthesis sorting and direct growth. As the former often involves
solution-based processes that can contaminate or even damage the CNTs, the direct growth isfavoured for it better preserves the intrinsic properties of SWCNTs for downstream applications.
Nanoparticles (NPs) play a determining role in this latter method for they can directly influence
the diameter and chirality of the SWCNTs [1]. However, the lack of capabilities that offer precise
control over the particle size still hinders the fundamental research in this realm and subsequent
SWCNT manufacturing. Among the myriad of catalysts choices, metals that become liquid
during CNT growth (normally Fe, Co, or Ni based) are believed to give better growth kinetics.
For the same reason, it is challenging to precisely control their size. By coupling an aerosol
furnace reactor with inline size selection and deposition, we report a new technique towards
precise and scalable synthesis of small (<2 nm) and monodisperse (geometric standard deviation<1.25) iron catalyst NPs for high-quality SWCNT production [2]. Moreover, the modular
approach offers independent control over the catalyst size (1-8 nm), the choice of supporting
substrate, and the SWCNT synthesis conditions. This enables us to investigate the correlation
between the size of the catalyst NPs and their performance in subsequent reactions. We compared
the diameter distribution of SWCNTs grown from size-selected 3.6 nm and 1.8 nm iron-oxide
NPs via Raman spectroscopy and observed a constraining effect by NP size on SWCNT diameterthat becomes more prominent with smaller NPs: 1.8 nm iron-oxide NPs have a strong preference
to produce more 1.2 – 1.4 nm SWCNTs. We also find that as the particle size is further
suppressed to less than 1.4 nm, its ability to catalyse SWCNT growth weakens. This gas-phase
synthesis route for catalyst nanoparticles, with its capability in mobility-based size-control, shows
great potential in achieving scalable production of high-quality SWCNTs. It also creates newopportunities to probe the influence of nanoparticles in often complex processes involved in
nanomaterial manufacturing.

References[1] X. Zhang et al., “High-precision solid catalysts for investigation of carbon nanotube synthesis and structure,” Sci.
Adv., vol. 6, no. 40, p. eabb6010, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abb6010.
[2] X. Zhang, Y. Deng, B. Graves, M. De Volder, and A. Boies, “Precise Catalyst Production for Carbon Nanotube
Synthesis with Targeted Structure Enrichment,” Catalysts, vol. 10, no. 9, p. 1087, Sep. 2020, doi:
10.3390/catal10091087.

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P025
CONTROL OF GRAPHENE ISLAND NUCLEATION ON GRAPHENE/SIC
TEMPLATE BY SEQUENTIAL THERMAL PROCESSES IN VACUOWITHOUT AIR EXPOSURE
Y. Yao 1,*, T. Inoue 1, Y. Kobayashi 1, Y. Taniyasu 2, M. Takamura 2
Osaka University - Osaka (Japan)
NTT Basic Research Laboratories - Kanagawa (Japan)*email: yaoyao@ap.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp12

Layer-by-layer growth of graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with ethanol is apotential method for van der Waals (vdW) homo-epitaxial growth of twisted multilayer graphene(tMLG) [1]. In previous publication, we demonstrated the twisted structure of grown graphene
layers on monolayer graphene templates by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)
and 2D peak analysis of Raman spectroscopy [2]. Unfortunately, the scattering effect of thecharged impurity induced by defects in grown graphene layers limited the carrier mobility of the
field effect transistors using grown tMLG. Hence, the mechanism of layer-by-layer growth by
CVD with ethanol is a key point for vdW homo-epitaxial growth of tMLG. In recent study, thesynthesis of tMLG is prepared on graphene/SiC template with atomically flat surface for structure
analysis [3]. We verified that moiré pattern appears in the lattice structure of the grown grapheneisland and the grown graphene islands have the randomly twisted angles. By investigating thetemperature dependence of graphene island morphology, the emergence of graphene islands withdifferent twist angles indicates that excessively localized nucleation sites lead to coalescenceprocesses during the lateral growth stage. In this study, to suppress the nucleation sites, we
further optimized the surface cleanliness of templated monolayer graphene by sequential thermal(ST) processes, which serially performed annealing treatment and CVD treatment. The highquality monolayer graphene used as template was synthesized on SiC by the annealing treatment
in argon atmosphere at 1725 °C, ~1 bar and then tMLG was grown by the CVD treatment withethanol after cooling down in the same vacuum chamber. A wide growth temperature ranging
from 1000 ºC to 1500 ºC was investigated during the ST processes for comparison with the airexposure processes [3]. Graphene islands were laterally grown in the temperature range from1100 °C to 1300 °C, and the temperature dependence of nucleation density is opposite to airexposure processes. By comparing the surface condition of template graphene after annealing
treatment, the growth mechanism of tMLG layer-by-layer growth in two processes can beconcluded. The contrasting growth behaviors suggest that the contaminant from air on thegraphene template participated in the ethanol decomposition and surface etching process, thenincreased the nucleation density. From these results, the nucleation density was effectively
suppressed in the ST processes with contaminants removed. It is further expected to makeprogress in the large-area lateral layer-by-layer growth of tMLG.

References[1] R. Negishi, et al. Thin Solid Films 519, 6447 (2011), Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 51, 06FD03 (2012).
[2] R. Negishi, Y. Yao et al., Phys. Status Solidi B 257, 1900437 (2020).
[3] Y. Yao et al., Nanotechnol. 33, 155603 (2022).

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P026
CONTROL OF HIGH-HARMONIC GENERATION IN TRANSITIONMETAL DICHALCOGENIDE BY CARRIER INJECTION
M. Omoto 1,*, H. Nishidome 1, K. Uchida 2, T. Endo 1, Y. Miyata 1, K. Ueji 1, Y. Yomogida 1,
K. Tanaka 2, K. Yanagi 1
1

Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University - Tokyo (Japan)
2
Department of Physics, Kyoto University - Kyoto (Japan)*email: omoto-mikito@ed.tmu.ac.jp

The recent development of a high-power mid-infrared laser enables us to observe highharmonic generation (HHG), the generation of multiple optical harmonics through the nonperturbative process[1]. There are two distinct mechanisms of HHG: generation from thenonlinear transition of the carriers between bands (interband dynamics) and nonlinear oscillation
within a band (intraband dynamics). Previously, we found that the carrier injection strongly
influences HHG in semiconducting carbon nanotubes with bandgap energy Eg = 1.26 eV [2]. For
example, the increase in the carrier density suppresses the 5th and higher harmonics above the Eg,
however, we found that it enhances 3rd harmonics, which is below Eg. These results suggest thatin the wider-gap sample higher-order harmonics would be enhanced by carrier injection. In thisstudy, we investigate the dependence of HHG on the carrier injection in the molybdenum
disulfide (MoS2), which has Eg = 1.8 eV (> 5th harmonics). We expect that the harmonics below
5th would be enhanced by the carrier injection. In addition, we also investigate the behavior ofeven order harmonics, which can be generated by the lack of inversion symmetry, in themonolayer MoS2.We used monolayer MoS2 grown by the chemical vapor deposition method on asapphire substrate and employed a side-gating device using an ionic liquid, which tunes the Fermi
level by a shift of gate voltage VG. In the measurements, intense 4.8-µm-wavelength lasers
irradiate the sample to generate HH. As a results, we found that the 5th harmonics increases asinjecting electrons, but the other harmonics decrease almost monotonically. These results agreewith what we have expected. In addition, we observed that the even harmonics such as the 12thand 14th orders also decrease as the increase of the injected carriers like 13th harmonics.

Change of HHG by carrier injection. HH intensity in MoS2 as a function of gate voltage.
References[1] S. Ghimire et al., Nat. Phys. 7, 138 (2011)[2] H. Nishidome et al., Nano Lett. 20, 6215 (2020)

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P027
CONTROLLED GROWTH OF HORIZONTALLY ALIGNED SINGLEWALLED CARBON NANOTUBE ARRAYS
L. Qian 1*, Y. Xie 1, Y. Yu 1, S. Wang 1, J. Zhang 1
1Peking University - Beijing (China)*email: qianliu-cnc@pku.edu.cn

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), especially horizontally aligned SWNT arrays,
have become one of the most promising materials for next-generation electronic systems due totheir special nanostructure and excellent electrical properties. However, the synthesis of SWNT
arrays still faces two major problems, purity and yield. Synthesis determines the future. For
further promoting the practical application of carbon nanotubes, growth of SWNT horizontal
arrays with controlled structures and high density is imperative. In the chemical vapor deposition(CVD) growth of carbon nanotubes, catalyst is of vital importance. We found that, carbide
catalysts with high melting point can maintain their crystal structures at the growth temperature,so the nucleation of carbon nanotubes can be thermodynamically controlled to have the same
symmetry with the catalyst crystal plane. Further optimization of growth kinetics can result in theenrichment of carbon nanotubes with specific chirality.[1] In order to increase the yield of
SWNTs with controlled structures, we developed an approach of in-situ preparation andcontinuous loading of solid catalysts: floating solid catalyst CVD (FSCCVD).[2] The carbide
catalyst nanoparticles were directly obtained in the carrier gas by decomposition andcarbonization of catalyst precursor at high temperature. SWNT horizontal arrays can be obtainedon ST-cut quartz substrates after the deposition of TiC catalyst nanoparticles, and the chirality of
the grown SWNTs had the same symmetry as the carbide catalyst crystal plane. The enrichmentof (16, 8) tubes with a purity of 74% was finally realized. This method can be further used torealize the direct growth of high-density arrays via a spacially confined strategy, which greatly
increase the deposition efficiency of the catalyst nanoparticles and the growth efficiency of the
SWNTs through a trapping effect. As a result, high-density of ~65 tubes/μm and highsemiconducting purity of ~97% were obtained at the same time, benefiting from the titaniumbased catalyst structures[3]. We are now trying to untilize the charge-transfer between catalysts
and SWNTs with the assistance of illumintion to selectively synthesize semiconducting
tubes. From fine structure control to continuous growth, we provides new ideas for preparation of
SWNTs with high-density and specific structures, and aims to realize wafer-scale, high-density
SWNT arrays with controlled structures.

References[1] S. Zhang, L. Kang, X. Wang, L. Tong, L. Yang, Z. Wang, K. Qi, S. Deng, Q. Li, X. Bai, F. Ding and J. Zhang*,Nature 2017, 543, 234.
[2] L. Qian, Y. Xie, Y. Yu, S. Wang, S. Zhang,* and J. Zhang*, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 10884.
[3] L. Qian, Q. Shao, Y. Yu, W. Liu, S. Wang, E. Gao, and J. Zhang*, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2106643.

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P028
THEORY OF SIGMA BOND RESONANCE IN FLAT BORON
MATERIALS
L. Qiu 1, F. Ding 2,*
1

Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology - Ulsan (Korea, Republic of)2
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology - Shenzhen (China)*email: f.ding@siat.ac.cn

In chemistry, theory of aromaticity and π bond resonance plays a central role in intuitively
understanding the stability and properties of organic molecules. Here we present an analogue
theory for three center two electron (3c-2e) σ bond resonance in flat boron materials, whichallows us to determine the distribution of two-center two-electron and three-center two-electron
bonds without quantum calculations. Based on this theory, three rules are proposed to draw the
Kekulé-like bonding configurations for flat boron materials and to explore their properties
intuitively. As an application of the theory, a simple explanation of why neutral borophene with
~1/9 hole has the highest stability and the effect of charge doping on borophene’s optimal holeconcentration is provided with the assumption of σ and π orbital occupation balance. Like thearomaticity theory for carbon materials, this theory greatly deepens our understanding on boron
materials and paves the way for the rational design of various boron-based materials.

Figure. 1. A resonance model for alternating 3c-2e bonds in a triangular boron lattice(left) and the energy level ofthe 3c-2e resonance state by the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO).

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194

P029
SINGLE-WALL CARBON NANOTUBE FUNCTIONALISATION AND
NETWORK ASSEMBLY
W. Hong 1,*, R. Malinowski 2, G. Volpe 2, M. Palma 1
1

Queen Mary University of London - London, United Kingdom (United Kingdom)
2
University College London - London, United Kingdom (United Kingdom)*email: w.hong@qmul.ac.uk

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted attention because of their unique
optical, electronic, and physical properties, which lead to potential applications in optoelectronic
and bio-sensing devices. However, it is a challenge to organise large networks of SWCNTs forthese devices. The main issues regarding this are the economical processability and micro-scale
controllability. This project aims to organize large SWCNTs into networks, alongside
functionalising the SWCNTs with the aim to control junction formation. We will discuss two
methods we developed for the assembly of the large SWCNTs networks. First, a facile-modified
filtration method was used to prepare a thickness-controllable SWCNT thin film. The thickness iscontrolled by the SWCNTs concentration and sample volume. In the second, an external point
source vapour system[1] is used. This is to control the SWCNTs depositing behaviour on thesubstrate, with the fabrication of an arranged pattern expected. Following these assembly
methods, various functionalized SWCNTs are introduced. Site controllable functionalisation,such as amidation[2], diazonium reaction[3] and cycloaddition[4], can be achieved by DNA
wrapping of the nanotubes. The ability to produce functionalised SWCNTs layers with a scalable,
low-cost approach should take us a step closer to next-generation device applications.

References[1] R. Malinowski, G. Volpe, I. P. Parkin and G. Volpe, J. Phys. Chem. Lett, 2018, 9, 659–664.
[2] J. Zhu, J. McMorrow, R. Crespo-Otero, G. Ao, M. Zheng, W. P. Gillin and M. Palma, J Am Chem Soc, 2016,
138, 2905–2908.
[3] P. Clément, P. Trinchera, K. Cervantes-Salguero, Q. Ye, C. Jones and M. Palma, Chempluschem, 2019, 84,
1235–1238.
[4] G. Amoroso, Q. Ye, K. Cervantes-Salguero, G. Fernández, A. Cecconello and M. Palma, Chem. Mater, 2019, 31,
1537–1542.

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P030
CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF HIGH PACKING DENSITY SWCNTFIBER USING AEROSOL ROUTE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHLY
EFFICIENT THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR
A. Kaushal 1*, R. Alexander 1, M. D 1, K. Dasgupta 1
1

Homi Bhabha National Institute - Mumbai (India)*email: amitkaushal474@gmail.com

Despite numerous advantages, synthesis of amorphous carbon is a serious impediment forcontinuous synthesis of single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) fiber using floating catalyst
chemical vapor deposition (FC-CVD). The removal of amorphous carbon post synthesis causes
deterioration of properties of the SWCNT fiber synthesized in this process. There is a tradeoff
between yield of SWCNT synthesis and amorphous formation. It was also observed that spinningof SWCNT aerogel into fiber is highly correlated with amorphous content. To overcome thisissue, flow engineering has been used to control amorphous formation while maintaining theyield of SWCNT synthesis. This approach can improve the properties of the final product byreducing the amount of amorphous carbon and increasing the degree of alignment of the
SWCNTs. The strategy used in this work also employs insitu densification of CNT aerogel
resulted in synthesis of SWCNT with high electrical conductivity (4.5 MS/m) and lower defects(IG/ID >100). In this way, SWCNT fiber has been synthesized continuously for 12 hours using
the optimized parameters with less than 1% amorphous carbon. Fabrication of thermoelectric
generator with very high power factor ((20 mW m−1 K−2) was demonstrated using SWCNT
fiber synthesized in FC-CVD process.

Schematic showing flow engineering in FC-CVD process for producing SWCNT fiber and isothermal contour at
optimized condition in CFD study along with images of aerogel, fiber, TEM and SEM of SWCNT produced in thisprocess (counter clockwise direction)

References[1] Kaushal, Amit, Rajath Alexander, D. Mandal, Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi, and Kinshuk Dasgupta. "Remarkableenhancement in CNT fiber synthesis by reducing convection vortex in floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition."
Chemical Engineering Journal 452 (2023): 139142.
[2] Kaushal, Amit, Rajath Alexander, P. T. Rao, Jyoti Prakash, and Kinshuk Dasgupta. "Artificial neural network,
Pareto optimization, and Taguchi analysis for the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes." Carbon Trends 2(2021): 100016.

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P031
CONTROLLING EXCITON SIZE IN (6,5) CARBON NANOTUBES BY
USING SOLVENT MIXTURES
M. Elfert 1*, E. Krylov 1, K. Eckstein 1, T. Hertel 1
1

Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg - Würzburg (Germany)*email: maximilian.elfert@uni-wuerzburg.deSize, mobility, and binding energy of excitons in low-dimensional semiconductors depend on
the character of the environment, specifically its relative permittivity εr. However, it remains
unclear which part of the spectrum of εr most significantly affects exciton character. Here, weinvestigate excitons with binding energies of several 100 meV [1,2] and a size ξ of several
nanometers [3,4] in thin films of polymer-stabilized semiconducting (6,5) single-wall carbon
nanotubes (s-SWNTs). We correlate changes in exciton size ξ with the character of the solvent
environment by quantifying absorption-induced changes of exciton oscillator strengths using
femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy and apply the phase space filling
approach to determine exciton size [3,4,5]. Increasing the static relative permittivity εr, stat byusing toluene (εr, stat = 2.4) or methanol (εr, stat = 33) as solvent results in a decrease of exciton sizeby 36±2 % contrary to expectations, suggesting an increase at higher εr, stat [6]. This indicates thatthe exciton character is controlled by higher frequency contributions of the dielectric function
shown in Fig. 1.

Solvent dependent change in exciton size. a) Frequency dependence of the relative permittivity of methanol andtoluene [7]. b) Change of exciton size in (6,5) s-SWNTs with methanol mole fraction.
References[1] F. Wang et al., Science 2005, 308, 5723, 838-841.
[2] J. Maultzsch et al., Phys. Rev. B 2005 72, 241402(R).
[3] C. Mann et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2016, 7, 2276.
[4] L. Lüer et al., Nature Phys. 2009, 5, 54–58.
[5] S. Schmitt-Rink et al., Phys. Rev. B 1995, 32, 6601.
[6] V. Perebeinos et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 92, 257402.
[7] T. L. Myers et al., Appl. Spec. 2018, 72, 535–550.

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P032
CONTROLLING THE DIAMETER OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON
NANOTUBES USING NIW AND NIMO BIMETALLIC CATALYSTS
Z. Zhang 1,2*, H. Tong 1, S. Chen 1, Y. Li 1,2
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University - Beijing (China)
Shanxi Institute for Carbon-Based Thin Film Electronics, Peking University (SICTFE-PKU) - Taiyuan (China)*email: zeyaozhang@pku.edu.cn
1

2

Using bimetallic catalysts is an important strategy to control the structure of single-walledcarbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). In our previous studies,[1] we developed NiW bimetallic catalysts
to grow SWCNTs with narrow diameter distribution on Si substrates. The W species played therole of dispersing and stabilizing Ni nanoparticles, thereby limiting the diameter of SWCNTs. A
major feature of this catalyst is that it can effectively control the diameter distribution of
SWCNTs in a wide growth window. Herein, we extended this catalyst system to the synthesis ofbulk SWCNTs by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and laser ablation. In CVD synthesis, wefound that the diameter distribution of SWCNTs grown by NiW catalysts concentrated in therange of 1.05–1.28 nm, which was significantly narrower compared with those grown on
monometallic Ni catalysts. The diameter distribution is greatly affected by the calcination andreduction processes of NiW catalysts, which may be due to the sublimation of WOx species athigh temperature, which affects the formation of NiW catalysts. In the laser ablation method, we
also found that the introduction of W or Mo can effectively reduce the diameter of SWCNTs,
which indicates that W and Mo species may also play a role in limiting the size of Ni. Under
optimized conditions, we have grown SWCNTs with diameters concentrated in the range of 1.101.35 nm using NiMo catalyst. Due to the suitable band gap and energy band position of thesenanotubes, they are expected to be used as desirable channel materials in electronic devices.

SWCNTs with narrow diameter distribution grown by NiW catalyst in bulk CVD (a & b) and NiMo catalyst in laser
ablation (c & d).
References[1] M. Li, et al., Carbon, 2017, 118, 485.

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P033
COVALENTLY BONDED GRAPHENE-CARBON NANOTUBE HYBRIDS
J. Sheng 1, L. Yan 1*
1

College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University - Beijing (China)*email: yanli@pku.edu.cn

The integration of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene with covalently bonded junctions isof great significance to inherit the outstanding properties of each component and obtain
additional advantages afforded by the multiscale structures. We fabricated covalently bonded
graphene/CNT (G/CNT) structures by a facial thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method.
The defective carbon on the sidewall of CNTs can serve as nucleation sites for vertical growth ofgraphene to form a branch-leaf structure. Attributed to the advantage of the covalently bonded
structure, the as-synthesized G/CNT structure exhibit high electrical conductivity, large specificsurface area and excellent anti-agglomeration properties. G/CNT are expected as promising
platform for electrocatalysis, in which electrons can be quickly transferred from the conductive
network of CNTs to graphene through the covalently bonded junctions, and graphene increases
the exposure of surface area for mass transport and charge transfer in electrolyte. As a proof ofconcept, G/CNT were applied as substrate to disperse iron species as oxygen electrocatalyst,
which exhibited higher activity and durability than commercial noble-metal catalysts. These
multiscale G/CNT structures are also highly promising for other energy and environmental
applications.

Fig.1. Schematic illustration for the synthesis of Covalently Bonded Graphene-Carbon Nanotube Hybrid

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P034
CREATION OF STABLE BIOMIMETIC NANOPORES IN VIEW OF
DESALINATION
F.H. Hassan Moussa 1,*, F.P. Picaud 2
Université de Djibouti - Besançon (France)
Université de Franche Comté - Besançon (France)*email: fatouma_hassan_moussa@univ.edu.dj
1

2

Due to climate change, developments in industrialization and increasing population growth
are major factors that currently lead to the risk of water scarcity worrying the whole world.
However, existing membrane technologies for water treatment suffer from inherent limitations inmembrane materials and manufacturing techniques, which further diminish their performance interms of permeability and selectivity as well as their excessive energy consumption.[1] To
overcome the limitations of these membrane technologies, biomimetic approaches that mimic
biological processes are considered promising solutions.[2]The biomimetic membrane is composed of a biological channel confined inside a solid-state
nanopore such as a carbon nanotube. Of all the existing ion channels, proteins such as gramicidin
A are of particular interest. Indeed, they can organize themselves in biological membranes tospontaneously create nanochannels responsible for the selection of monovalent cations overdivalent or anions. This is at the origin of their antibiotic actions due to the irregular distributionof ions within the host cell.
The transfer of biological entities into artificial nanopores such as carbon nanotubes requires
several precautions because the environment of the protein will be different from lipid
membranes.[3,] In this work, the effect of conformational stability of the protein inserted inside
nanopores of different chiralities and the use of stapling strategies that allow the protein to retain
its initial structure is studied using molecular dynamics simulations.
Our simulations results obtained demonstrate that the radius of the nanotube is a key factor andshould be chosen with extreme care to stabilize proteins and let them work inside the carbon
nanotube.

Membrane creation. Which conditions are necessary to insert the biological channel inside the carbon nanotube
without perturbing the inherent properties of the polypeptide ?
References[1] Obotey Ezugbe E, Rathilal S. Membrane Technologies in Wastewater Treatment: A Review. Membranes (Basel).
2020 Apr 30;10(5):89. doi: 10.3390/membranes10050089. PMID: 32365810; PMCID: PMC7281250.
[2] Bentin J, Balme S, Picaud F. Polynucleotide differentiation using hybrid solid-state nanopore functionalizing
with α-hemolysin. Soft Matter. 2020 Jan 28;16(4):1002-1010. doi: 10.1039/c9sm01833f. Epub 2019 Dec 19. PMID:
31853534.
[3] Boukari, K., Balme, S., Janot, JM. et al. Towards New Insights in the Sterol/Amphotericin Nanochannels
Formation: A Molecular Dynamic Simulation Study. J Membrane Biol 249, 261–270 (2016).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-015-9865-yNT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

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P035
CRYO RAMAN STUDY OF CONFINED CARBYNE
C. Schuster 1,*, C. Freytag 1, E. Parth 1, K. Yanaghi 2, W. Cui 3, L. Shi 3, T. Saito 4, T. Pichler 1
University of Vienna - Vienna (Austria)
Tokyo Metropolitan University - Tokyo (Japan)
3
Sun Yat-sen University - Guangzhou (China)
4
AIST - Tsukuba (Japan)*email: christin.schuster@univie.ac.at1

2

Carbyne is a true one dimensional allotrope of carbon, consisting of an infinitely long chain ofcarbon atoms. Theoretical calculations predict outstanding mechanical, optical and electronic
properties. It is highly unstable and has only ever been successfully synthesized inside carbon
nanotubes, aptly named confined carbyne (CC). Based on our recent progress in the synthesis of
CC regarding the yield and tailored properties [1-4] in combination with the huge resonanceRaman cross section [5] there is a great application potential for thermometry via the temperaturedependent line shape [6] and the Stokes/AntiStokes ratio [7].
We built a new in-situ Raman spectroscopy cryo-setup attached to our T64000 Horiba Triple
monochromator system to unravel the temperature dependent response between 4-300 K in
combination with laser annealing up to the synthesis temperature of confined carbyne. In thiscontribution we will show recent progress in unravelling the details of the temperature dependent
carbyne response in the full temperature region accessing the full potential of contact free local
thermometrical applications.
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under theEuropean Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (MORE-TEM ERC-SYN
project, grant agreement No 951215)

References[1] Lei Shi et al. Carbon (2021). doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.05.058.
[2] Lei Shi et al. Nano Lett. (2021). doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04482.
[3] Weili Cui et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. (2021). doi: 10.1002/anie.202017356.
[4] Weili Cui et al. Adv. Funct. Mater. (2022). doi: 10.1002/adfm.202206491.
[5] C. D. Tschannen et al. NanoLett. 20, 6750 (2020). doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02632[6] L. Shi et al., Nat. Mat., 15, 634 (2016). doi: 10.1038/NMAT4617[7] C.D. Tschannen et al., ACS Nano 15, 12249 (2021). doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03893

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DEFECT ENGINEERING FOR HIGHLY ACTIVE TIO2 NANOTUBESPHOTOCATALYSTS
S. Kment 1*, M. Shahrezaei 1, H. Hejazi 1, A. Naldoni 1, P. Schmuki 1, R. Zboril 1
1Catrin, Palacky University Olomouc - Olomouc (Czech Republic)*email: stepan.kment@upol.cz

The development of cost-competitive materials capable of producing fuels or electricity
directly from the energy harvested from sunlight offers a desirable approach to fulfilling the needfor clean, sustainable, and secure energy. Semiconductor metal oxide such as TiO2 in themorphology of self-organized nanotubes is abundant, photoactive, stable and cheap; and thus it
has been among the most widely adopted materials for the conversion of solar energy intostorable and transportable chemical energy such as e.g. hydrogen (H2). However, despite a hugescientific effort, its overall efficiency for solar-driven applications remains rather low due toseveral crucial limitations such as particularly fast recombination of photo-generated charges(electron-hole pairs) and sluggish kinetics of the redox surface reactions that hinder the practicalapplication in this field. Defect engineering has become an attractive research direction forimproving the optical and electronic properties of semiconductor photocatalysts towards boosting
their photo(electro)chemical performance. For example, so-called non-stoichiometric black TiO2
(1) has demonstrated unexpectedly enhanced photo(electro)chemical activity, which has been
attributed to the co-catalytic effect of unsaturated Ti3+ ion at the titania surface due to thepresence of oxygen vacancies (VO). Additionally, these unsaturated defects/sites provide a strong
affinity to tightly bond or anchor various species such as transition metals single atoms that canbe used as even more effective co-catalysts. In this contribution, recent advancements regarding
defect engineering toward significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanotubes will
be summarized. (2-4)

Figure 1. a) TEM images of treated samples at different impregnation time (ranging from 1 to 60 min) in
hexachloroplatinic acid solution, b) HAADF-STEM image and c) EDS elemental mapping of R50/Pt-NT10 sample.
References[1] Chen et al., Science 331, 746, 2011.
[2] Naldoni, A., Kment, S. ACS Catal., 9, 345, 2019.
[3] Mohajernia, S., Kment, S. et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 8, 1432, 2020.
[4] Z. Wu, et al. Small, 18, 2104892, 2022.

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P037
DEGRADATION BY-PRODUCTS OF FEW LAYERS BLACK
PHOSPHORUS IN AIR
V. Lefebvre 1*, L. Schué 1, L. Chen 1, R. Martel 1
1

Département de chimie, Université de Montréal - Montréal (Canada)*email: valerie.lefebvre.8@umontreal.ca

As a layered semiconductor, black phosphorus (BP) has experienced increasing interest due to
its thickness dependant bandgap and anisotropic physical properties. However, a thoroughunderstanding of the reactivity and degradation of BP in air is still lacking, which limits thedevelopment of optoelectronic applications. Previous reports showed that black phosphorus
flakes produce phosphoric acid at the surface when exposed to light, oxygen, and water [1]. In
this work, we report the growth of micrometer-sized crystals on the surface of BP in air after few
days. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Raman
experiments reveal ammonium dihydrogen phosphate among the degradation products. To
elucidate the origin of nitrogen in this compound, BP degradation process was investigated inhighly controlled atmospheres. The conditions behind the formation of this product as well as its
effect on degradation are here discussed. This work adds another piece to the puzzle of BP
degradation.

References[1] Favron, A., Gaufrès, E., Fossard, F., Phaneuf-L’Heureux, A. L., Tang, N. Y., Lévesque, P. L., ... & Martel, R.
Photooxidation and quantum confinement effects in exfoliated black phosphorus. Nature materials, 2015, 14(8), 826832.

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P038
DEVELOPING NEW CARBON FEEDSTOCKS FOR SWCNT GROWTH IN
FC-CVD CONDITIONS
C. Semion 1,*, A. Girard 2, P. Liu 3, V. Huc 4, E. Kauppinen 3, A. Loiseau 1
LEM, ONERA - Chatillon (France)
LEM, ONERA, UVSQ, Paris-Saclay - Chatillon (France)
3
Nanomaterials group, Aalto University - Espoo (Finland)
4
ICMMO, Université Paris-Saclay - Orsay (France)*email: clement.semion@onera.fr
1

2

Despite intense research efforts for nearly 30 years, both experimentally and theoretically, thecontrol of the atomic structure during the synthesis of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)
remains a major challenge. This is indeed a prerequisite to control electronic properties. Nature ofcarbon feedstocks is one of the control parameters one can play with as shown for instance by He
et al. [1] and Liao et al. [2] for tailoring diameter and chirality of SWNTs. With this in mind, we
aim at developing completely new carbon feedstocks such as 1,3-dioxolane and tert-butanol, or
mixtures, for the growth of carbon nanotube films in FC-CVD conditions, using iron as a metallic
catalyst precursor. These two carbon feedstocks, upon thermal decomposition, result in theformation of CO, CH4 and C2H4 for tert-butanol and H2, CO, CO2 and C2H4 for 1,3-dioxolane inprecise amounts. Routine synthesis conditions used in the FC-CVD reactor (880°C, 60 sccm of
H2 and 300 sccm of N2 and ferrocene as a catalyst precursor) were applied in order to identify
and compare the impact of these two feedstocks on the nature of the SWCNTs structure as
inspected by optical absorption and TEM (Fig.1).

a) Absorption spectra of a thin film of SWCNTs obtained with 1,3-dioxolane, b) TEM image of SWNT formed using
1-3 dioxolane and c) product gas composition of 1-3 dioxolane after a pyrolysis at atmospheric pressure between 963
and 1093K [3]References[1] M. He et al, Growth modes and chiral selectivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes, The Royal Society ofChemistry, Nanoscale, 10, pp. 6744–6750 (2018). DOI: 10.1039/C7NR09539B.
[2] Y. Liao et al. Direct synthesis of colorful single-walled carbon nanotube thin films, American Chemical Society,(2018) Journal of the American Chemical Society, volume 140, issue 31, pages 9797-9800. ISSN 1520-5126. DOI:
10.1021/jacs.8b05151.
[3] A. H. Cutler et al, Kinetics and mechanism of the vapor phase pyrolysis of 1,3-dioxolane in steam. Journal of
Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, Volume 12, Issues 3–4, 1987, Pages 223-242, ISSN 0165-2370,
DOI:10.1016/0165-2370(87)85003-9.

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P039
DEVELOPMENT AND STUDY OF LAMINATED COMPOSITE
MATERIAL INTEGRATING CARBON NANOTUBES FOR LAUNCHER
CRYOGENIC TANK APPLICATION
A. Boissenin 1,*, D. Champonnois 1, K. Mathis 2, D. Miot 2, E. Charon 1, M. Pinault 1,
M. Mayne-L'hermite 1
1

Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE - Saclay (France)
2
CNES, Direction du Transport Spatial - Paris (France)*email: adrien.boissenin@cea.fr

Recent trends in the spatial fields require building low-cost and lightweight launchers, leading
to the replacement of classical metal parts and components by composite materials. However,most of the weight in a launcher comes from its cryogenic storage vessels, and the materials usedneed to comply with mechanical, thermal, chemical, and fire-resistant specifications, due to thehighly oxidative nature of liquid oxygen, and its temperature of -183°C. While carbon
fiber/polymer (CF/P) composites are promising candidates, they develop micro-cracks whentested under cryogenic temperatures, leading to leaks [1]. Many research approaches tend toanswer to this technological lock, but the potentialities of Carbon NanoTubes (CNTs) in terms of
mechanical and physical properties, need to be explored deeper. In this context, our objective isto define the best way to process CNTs within a thermostable labo-grade cyanate ester matrix inlayered composite materials for a launcher cryogenic tank. (i) Transfer of aligned CNTs mats oreven of entangled CNTs on the carbon fiber fabric pre-impregnated with resin, or (ii) growth ofnanotubes aligned directly on the dry ply [2]. The carbon nanotubes used in this study are
obtained from an aerosol-assisted CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) synthesis technique,yielding vertically aligned carbon nanotube carpets [3-4]. The characteristics of VACNT carpets
are tailored by modifying synthesis parameters, to lever on their length, diameter and density. For
the transfer technique, nanotubes carpets on aluminum foil are then laid on raw pre impregnatedcarbon fiber cloth, and fused by hot pressing, then, after cooling, the aluminum foil is peeled off.
The pre-impregnated obtained nanocomposite is ready to be stacked and cured throughconventional approaches of infusion or hot molding. For the direct growth approach, anotheraerosol assisted CVD setup is used albeit the introduction of a layer of silica based material,
enabling the growth of CNTs on the CF, yielding the same kind of carpets. Then those CNTcovered fibers can be layered and infused with the liquid resin, and cured to obtain the laminatedcomposite material. Different nanotubes orientations and CNT volume content nanocomposites
were elaborated and their influence on the mechanical, thermal and ignition resistance propertiesof the material were investigated. Samples were also observed by SEM after each step of theprocess, and their resistance against strain and delamination tested mechanically. Then their
behavior while and after being at cryogenic temperatures will be characterized the same way infuture studies.

References[1] M Flanagan et al, 2017 Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 101, 173-84[2] M Delmas et al, 2012 Nanotechnology 23 105604[3] F Nassoy et al, 2019 Nanomaterials 9, no 11 1590.
[4] A. Combrisson et al., 2022, Nanomaterials n° 12, 2338.

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P040
DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI-MEDIA ENVIRONMENTAL SENSORSCOUPLING GRAPHENE AND FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR
A.A. Taleb 1,2,*, J. Nicolle 1, A. Stolz 2, J.M Decams 3, V. Astie 3, N. Semmar 2, C. Vautrin-Ul 1
1

ICMN, UMR 7374, CNRS/Université Orléans, 1b rue de la Férollerie,CS 40059, 45071 Orléans cedex 2 (France)
2
GREMI, UMR7344 CNRS/Université d’Orléans, 14 rue d’Isoudun BP 6744, 45067 Orléans Cédex - Orleans(France)3
Annealsys, 139 Rue des Walkyries, 34000 Montpellier (France)*email: abed-al-baset.taleb@cnrs-orleans.fr

European environmental standards in the field of water pollution require frequent chemical
controls of waters at different sites. The currently used analysis techniques are costly, and do notallow to make the numerous analysis needed for a good monitoring. It is therefore essential todevelop new devices, dedicated to micropollutants detection, portable and more adapted to onsite monitoring of aquatic environments. Sensors devices combining graphene with Field EffectTransistor configuration can give these specifications.
The objective is to make use of graphene’s exceptional properties (high electrical conductivity,
fast electron transfer rate, …) with FET configuration in order to develop micro-sensors.
First of all, the development of the FET based on CVD graphene (AS-One, Annealsys) will bepresented with X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy.
Characterizations are performed at each step of conception in order to follow surface chemistry
and defect rate evolution induced by lithography steps. A fully electrical FET characterization
highlighted a variation of the Dirac point position related to a doping of graphene surface inducedby the adsorption of molecules, therefore showing the high sensibility of our sensor.
Then, a new design of Graphene FET sensor for metallic micropollutants detection using one
droplet of water will be presented. This sensor has been tested and calibrated in water, inpresence of a controlled amount of pollutant in order to evaluate the sensibility of the sensors.
The study used a combination of macroscopic characterization techniques (XPS, electricalmeasurement) and microscopic characterization techniques (AFM, Raman) in order to perform a
global evaluation of the evolution of the surface chemistry, morphology, and crystallographic
structure of the graphene layer. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of using CVD
graphene coupled with FET for fast, in-situ detection of micropollutants in water.

Figure 1. Graphene FET made on SiO2/Si substrates, Between the two surrounded electrodes is the active surface
acting as the FET channel.
This work was supported by the region Centre-Val de Loire

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P041
MEASUREMENTS OF THE SEEBECK COEFFICIENT AND
ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE AT SINGLE NANOCONTACTS BETWEENCARBON NANOTUBES
S. Yamamori 1, H. Oki 1, H. Hamasaki 1, S. Nagahama 1, K. Hirahara 1*
Osaka University - Suita (Japan)*email: hirahara@mech.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp
1

Interface conductivity is a major factor that effects the transport properties of carbon nanotube(CNT)-based materials. CNT films have exhibited high-performance as the thermoelectricmaterials [1], and their power factors are strongly affected by the geometrical arrangement of
CNTs [2]. The arrangements typically have numerous intertube boundaries with various
configurations, such as parallel contacts in bundled CNTs and cross junctions of bundled CNTs.
These can complicate our understanding of the contribution of each interfacial type to the
conductivities when we conduct measurements using macroscale specimens. This study
experimentally investigates the thermoelectric and electrical properties of CNTs at a nanometerscale individual interfaces using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) withnanomanipulation techniques. First, a multi-walled CNT is suspended between two electrodes
under TEM observation, where the temperature difference between these electrodes is set to 100–
150 °C. The thermal electromotive force and two-terminal electrical resistance of the CNT arethen simultaneously measured. The measured values of the thermoelectric power and electricalresistance depend on the tube diameters. This bridging CNT is then cut by applying Joule heat to
obtain a pair of protruding CNTs, and the tips of each are contacted through Van der Waals
interaction to form a single nanocontact [3]. By remeasuring the thermal electromotive force andtwo-terminal electrical resistance, we examine how these values decrease when a single van der
Waals interface is induced on the conduction path. Here, we can arrange the morphologicalconfiguration of contacts between two CNTs. Measurements of thermal electromotive forces andtwo-terminal electrical resistances are conducted separately under several types of nanocontacts
to understand experimentally how the contact morphologies affect the transport properties. These
nanocontacts include parallel and cross contacts, in which the contact length [4] and junction
angle are changed, respectively.

References[1] Y. Ichinose, A. Yoshida, K. Horiuchi, N. Komatsu et al. Nano Lett. 19, 7370-7376, (2019).
[2] K. Fukuhara, Y. Ichinose, H. Nishidome, Y. Yomogida et al. App. Phys. Lett. 113, 243105, (2018).
[3] H. Hamasaki, K. Hirahara, App. Phys. Express, accepted.
[4] H. Hamasaki, S. Nagahama, K. Hirahara, Nanoscale 14, 11529-11534 (2022).

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P042
DICING NANOTUBES FOR FUNS
F.Z. Zhulficar 1, Z. Rizer 1, B. Eller 1, Y. Li 1, Y.H. Wang 1*
1

University of Maryland - College Park (United States)*email: yhw@umd.edu

We used quantum defects as spectral fingerprints to track defect-induced chemical cutting ofsemiconducting carbon nanotubes by hydrogen peroxide. Our results reveal that this oxidative
reaction involves two distinct stages. In the first state, hydrogen peroxide attacks the defect sites
and cuts the nanotube into shorter pieces, with the functional groups that induce the defectphotoluminescence remaining at the ends of the cut segments. In the second stage (etching), thenanotubes are etched shorter from the ends, leading to a quick loss of the defectphotoluminescence followed by decrease in carbon absorption at constant rates. This cut-thenetch selectivity provides direct molecular insights on the role of defects in carbon nanochemistry
and may allow clocking the chemistry to attain fluorescent ultrashort nanotubes (FUNs) for bioimaging, chemical sensing and quantum photonics.

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P043
DIRECT GROWTH OF GLOBALLY ALIGNED GRAPHENE
NANORIBBONS ON RECONSTRUCTED SAPPHIRE SUBSTRATE USING
PECVD
M. Zou 1*, W. Liu 1, Y. Yu 1, B. Xu 1, L. Qian 1, T. Tong 1, J. Zhang 1
1Peking University - Beijing (China)*email: zoumz-cnc@pku.edu.cn

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are regarded as an ideal candidate for beyond-siliconelectronics. However, directly growing aligned GNRs with confined widths on insulating
substrates has long been regard as a challenging problem. Most preparation strategies of GNRs
apply metallic substrates with expensive organic molecules. There is still a lack of methods forthe scalable synthesis of globally aligned GNR arrays on insulating substrates with highefficiency. In this work, we develop a facile approach, involving KOH pre-treatment and hightemperature annealing, to construct parallel atomic steps on the two-fold symmetry a-planesapphire substrate. GNRs with global alignment across a region of 20 mm2 are then grown on thestep edge-enriched substrate through plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD)
method. GNRs align well along the atomic steps on sapphire ([1-100]direction) with their widths
and densities swiftly adjustable by step morphology modification on substrate surface. Polarized
Raman characterization verifies the global alignment of as-grown GNRs on reconstructedsapphire. AFM characterizations demonstrate the high density of GNR arrays and TEM
characterization proves the cramped width of GNRs (15.1nm). A step-edge confined growthmechanism is proposed, attributing the constraint on the nanoribbon broadening to a relatively
low growth temperature in PECVD, which restrains the activation energy to suppress GNRs
across step edges on sapphire and prevent detrimental nanoribbon widening. Our work filled thegap of research for directly growing aligned GNRs on insulating substrates, which provides asimple strategy to scalable synthesize high-density narrow GNR arrays on specific step edgeenriched substrates. We believe that this work would offer a new insight for scalable synthesizing
well aligned nanoribbons of other two-dimensional materials.

Direct growth of globally aligned graphene nanorib. Synthesis and characterizations of high-density aligned
narrow horizontal Graphene Nanoribbons on reconstructed sapphire substrate.

References[1] Zou, M., et al. Direct growth of globally aligned graphene nanoribbons on reconstructed sapphire substrate using
PECVD. Nano Res. 16, 62–69 (2023).
[2] Xie, L., et al. Graphene Nanoribbons from Unzipped Carbon Nanotubes: Atomic Structures, Raman
Spectroscopy, and Electrical Properties. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 10394-10397 (2011).
[3] Simeonov, K., et al. Surface structure of (11-20) Al2O3 single crystals after high temperature annealing. Surf.
Sci. 603, 232-236 (2009).

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P044
DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF SEMICONDUCTING SINGLE-WALLEDCARBON NANOTUBES TOWARD HIGH-PERFORMANCEELECTRONICS
P. Liu 1*, Q. Zhang 1, Z. Sun 1, I.K. Esko 1
1

Aalto University - Espoo (Finland)*email: peng.1.liu@aalto.fi

The large-scale synthesis of high-purity semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sSWCNTs) is of crucial role in fabricating high-performance and multi-application-scenario
electronics.[1,2] In this work, we develop a straightforward, continuous, and scalable method tosynthesize s-SWCNTs on large scale. High-purity and individual s-SWCNTs of small-diameters
distribution (ca. 1 nm) was synthesized with a high yield, through ingenious synthesis
optimization. It is believed that the decomposition of isopropanol (IPA) produces both carbon
monoxide (CO) and methane (CH4) as carbon sources. Meanwhile, the water (H2O) and carbon
dioxide (CO2) resulting from the decomposition are known to act as oxidizing agents and are
selectively etching metallic-SWCNTs (m-SWCNTs), hence enhancing the production of sSWCNTs. The performance of individual-SWCNTs field effect transistors (FETs) confirmed thehigh abundance of s-SWCNTs, presenting a mean mobility of 376 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a highmobility of 2725 cm2 V-1 s-1 with an Ion/Ioff ratio as high as 2.51 × 107. Moreover, thin-film
transistors (TFTs) based on the as-synthesized SWCNTs exhibited excellence in theirperformance with the mean mobility of 9.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 and Ion/Ioff ratio of 1.3× 105, respectively,
verifying the enrichment of s-SWCNTs. Our work presents a simple and feasible route for thesustainable synthesis of high-quality s-SWCNTs for electronic devices.

Synthesis and characterization of s-SWCNTs. Figure 1. (a)The schematics of the floating catalyst chemical vapor
deposition reactor for the synthesis of s-SWCNTs. (b)Absorption spectra of s-SWCNTs. Inset: s-SWCNTs film on
filter. (c) A representative TEM micrograph of an individual SWCNT. (d) the corresponding electron diffraction
pattern and the determined chirality index. (e) Chirality map of an as-synthesized SWCNT samples.
References[1] A.D. Franklin, The road to carbon nanotube transistors, Nature. 498 (2013) 443–444.
https://doi.org/10.1038/498443a.
[2] P. Avouris, Z. Chen, V. Perebeinos, Carbon-based electronics, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2 (2007) 605–615.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2007.300.

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P045
DOPING EFFECT OF MOS2 USING PERIODICALLY POLARIZATIONINVERSED SUBSTRATE
K. Rong 1,*, R. Noro 2, H. Nishigaki 2, M. Ding 2, Y. Yao 2, T. Inoue 2, R. Katayama 2,
Y. Kobayashi 2, S. Mouri 1
1

Ritsumeikan University - Shiga (Japan)
2
Osaka University - Osaka (Japan)*email: gr0466er@ed.ritsumei.ac.jp

As a typical Transitional Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD) material, MoS2 has attracted muchinterest due to its intriguing opportunities for opto-electric device application. It has been known
that the physical properties of TMDs are significantly affected by supporting substrates.
Especially, ferroelectric substrates could affect the carrier density of TMD materials [1].
Therefore, periodically polarization-inverted structure which can be formed when spatiallyalternative external electric field is applied on ferroelectric materials, could be powerful tool tomodulate carrier density geometrically without volatile or atomic displacement to TMDs. In thisstudy, we demonstrated the carrier density of monolayer MoS2 can be controlled by periodicallypolarization-inversed ferroelectric substrate.
We transferred an exfoliated monolayer (1L) MoS2 flake onto a periodically polarization-inverted
structure formed on a ferroelectric substrate MgO: LiNbO3. Cross-sectional schematic of oursample is shown in Fig. 1(b). AFM and Piezo Force Microscopy (PFM) image of our sample isshown in Fig. 1 (a) and (b), respectively. 1L-MoS2 has been successfully transferred onto
pariodically polarization-inverted area. Photoluminescence (PL) intensity mapping was carried toinvestigate the distribution of carrier density of 1L-MoS2. Figure 1 (c) shows the PL mapping
image of exciton peak (1.88 eV), whose intensity changes according to the carrier density. It
clearly shows that the PL intensity of 1L-MoS2 is stronger on the down polarized domain offerroelectric substrate. This result indicates that polarization induced electron doping andconsequent negative trion formation occurs in up-domain region. On the other hand, polarizationinduced holes might compensate doped electrons in MoS2 in down-domain region which brought
the relatively strong exciton PL in this region. We also discuss the effects of h-BN inserted layer
as a spacer layer between substrate and MoS2.
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant number 22H05471, 21H01017, 21K18913,
and “NEDO Intensive Support Program for Young Promising Researchers”

Fig.1. (a) AFM image and (b) PFM image of MoS2 on MgO: LiNbO3 substrate. (c) PL mapping of MoS2 on MgO:
LiNbO3.
References[1] J.W. Chen et al., Nat. Commun. 9, 3143 (2018).

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P046
EFFECT OF SINGLE WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AS ADHESIVE
1D CONDUCTIVE ADDITIVE ON SIOX/GRAPHITE LIBS ANODE.
J.H. Hwang 1*, S.W. Lee 1
1

R&DB Group 1, Industrialization Division, Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency - Jeonju(Korea, Republic of)*email: hjh0501@kcarbon.or.kr

Silicon-based anodes have gained considerable attention in recent years as a potential solution
to the limited energy density of conventional graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries used inelectric vehicles. However, silicon-based anodes still suffer from several drawbacks that hugevolume expansion during lithiation/delithiation, the low conductivity nature of silicon and low
initial coulombic efficiency[1]. Silicon oxide(SiOx) has emerged as an important alternative tosilicon as the high capacity anode host to store lithium due to its smaller volume change uponlithiation[2]. In this study, we developed SiOx/Graphite composites(SGC) and employed
SWCNT conductive additive to effectively suppress the volume expansion of SiOx, enhance theelectrical conductivity. Also, the electrode containing SWCNTs showed that the interconnected
networks between SWCNTs with SGC exhibits high adhesion strength on current collector. As
the result, optimized SiOx/Graphite/SWCNT(SGSC) anode are evidenced to possess an excellent
mechanical adhesion strength of ~0.7 kgf/20mm on Cu foil, Charge/Discharge stability of ~80%
Columbic efficiency for 100 Cycles. The results show that SGSC are effectively designed to be
applied to electric vehicles with long-term adhesive strength and high C-rate, while maintaining
the stable and safe characteristics of silicon-based anode.

Fig.1. Schematics for SiOx/Graphite/CNT composites and enhanced adhesion strength profile with CNT networks.

References[1] Zhenhui Liu et al. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2019, 48, 285-309[2] Ui-Su Im et al. ChemElectroChem, 2022, 9, e202101594

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P047
EFFECT OF THE ORIENTATION OF A CARBON NANOTUBE ON ITSLOCALIZATION ACCURACY IN SINGLE-MOLECULE
FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY
L. Ruan 1*, Q. Gresil 1, L. Cognet 1
1

Institut d’Optique, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux - 33400 Talence, Bordeaux (France)*email: limeng.ruan@u-bordeax.fr

Single wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are bright emitters in the SWIR domain which
propelled them as unique nanostructures for applications in bioimaging or quantum sources. In
particular, many applications are based on the possibility to control or detect CNT emission at thesingle molecule level. Interestingly, the emission dipole of CNTs is mostly linear along theirbackbones. According to theoretical calculation, when a 1D dipole with off-plane orientation isobserved with a single molecule microscope, its 2D transverse localization will experience asystematic offset as a function of the position along the Z-axis. To verify this inference
experimentally and quantify this effect in the case of 1D nanotubes, we compared the localizationof CNTs and SWIR emitting Nanoparticles (NPs) when scanning their z-axial position at thesingle particle level. Unlike CNTs, because NPs have isotropic dipolar emission, theirlocalization should not depend on their axial position. In practice, CNTs and NPs were
immobilized in volumetric agarose, and the central position of their point spread function was
obtained using Gaussian fitting to retrieve their nanoscale localization. We found that for CNTs,
the center position varied linearly with the Z-axis position. We will present a quantitative
discussion of this effect by comparing the results of the two samples, and its impact onapplications where the localization accuracy is of importance.

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P048
EFFICIENT SOLVENT-FREE PREPARATION OF BINDER-FREE
ELECTRODES FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES ENABLED BY
AEROSOL SYNTHESIZED SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
A.R. Bogdanova 1*, E.M. Khabushev 1, F.A. Obrezkov 1, T. Kallio 1
1

Aalto University School of Chemical Engineering - Espoo (Finland)*email: alisa.bogdanova@aalto.fiSingle-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a promising material that possesses excellent
electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, flexibility and light weight. This opens a great
potential for their application in energy storage devices with improved performance [1]. It has
been shown that the addition of small amount of SWCNTs as a conductive additive to lithium
battery electrodes can significantly enhance the electrochemical performance and mechanicalstability [2]. Implementation of SWCNT additives has been shown to increase conductivity andcycling stability of the positive electrode [3]. However, conventional fabrication of the electrodeby solution processing involves the mixing of SWCNTs and the active material, which ishampered by complications with proper blending of these two materials. In this work, we
prepared self-standing NMC-based composite positive electrodes by two solvent-free methods,
where hydrocarbon based aerosol chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of SWCNTs was
employed. We employ two distinct methods for NMC fluidization: mechanical vibration with anaerosol flow of SWCNTs directed through the NMC powder and in situ gas-phase mixing ofsynthesized SWCNTs with aerosolized NMC material. We found samples produced by thesecond method to exhibit better performance in terms of higher specific capacity values, as
shown in Figure 1. To conclude, this work can serve as a basis for future development of solventfree electrode preparation methods, in particular to produce self-standing binder-free positiveelectrodes.

Figure 1. Specific capacity and Coulombic efficiency of the half-cell with self-standing SWCNTs/NMC622 cathodeprepared by two methods and reference electrode (prepared by slurry method) during 25 charge discharge cycles at
1C.

References[1]. M. F. L. De Volder, S. H. Tawfick, R. H. Baughman, A. J. Hart. Carbon nanotubes: present and futurecommercial applications. Science, 339(6119), 535-539 (2013).
[2]. S. Mousavihashemi, K. Lahtinen, T. Kallio. In-situ dilatometry and impedance spectroscopy characterization of
single walled carbon nanotubes blended LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 electrode with enhanced performance. Electrochimica
Acta, 412, 140093 (2022).
[3]. O. A. Kuznetsov, S. Mohanty, E. Pigos, G. Chen, W. Cai, A. R. Harutyunyan. High energy density flexible andecofriendly lithium-ion smart battery. Energy Storage Materials, 54, 266-275 (2023).

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P049
EFFICIENTLY SYNTHESIS OF HIGHLY CRYSTALLINE ONEDIMENSIONAL CRCL3 ATOMIC CHAINS WITH A SPIN GLASS STATE
L. Yunfei 1, K. Lixing 1*
1

Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou (China)*email: lxkang2013@sinano.ac.cn

One-dimensional (1D) magnetic material systems have attracted widespread interest fromresearchers because of their peculiar physical properties and potential applications in spintronics
devices. However, the synthesis of 1D magnetic atomic chains has seldom been investigated.
Here, we developed an iodine-assisted vacuum chemical vapor-phase transport (I-VCVT)
method, utilizing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with 1D cavities as templates, highquality and high-efficiency fabrication of 1D atomic chains of CrCl3 was achieved. Furthermore,
the structure of CrCl3 atomic chains in the confined space of SWCNTs was analyzed in details
and the charge transfer between the 1D atomic chains and SWCNTs was investigated through thespectroscopic characterization. A comprehensive study of the dynamic magnetic properties
revealed the existence of spin glass states and freezing of the 1D CrCl3 atomic chains at around 3
K, which has never been seen in bulk CrCl3. Our work established an effective strategy for thecontrol synthesis of 1D magnetic atomic chains, with promising potential applications in further
magnetic-based spintronics devices.

Encapsulation of 1D CrCl3 atomic chains in SWCNTs. a-b, HAADF-STEM images of SWCNT bundles andsingle SWCNTs. c-d, The STEM simulation, and atomic structure of CrCl3@SWCNTs. e-h, EDX elemental
mapping of CrCl3@SWCNTs.

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P050
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF NANOCOMPOSITE THIN FILMSCONTAINING GRAPHENE AND PEDOT:PSS
M. Jadoul Forticaux 1,*, L. Tortech 1, P. Viel 1, E. Charon 1, S. Chatard 2, M. Mayne-L'hermite 1
CEA, CNRS, NIMBE - Gif Sur Yvette (France)
Europrotect, 29B avenue des Sources - Lyon Cedex 09 (France)*email: marie.jadoul@cea.fr
1

2

Conductive and flexible thin films made of nanoparticles dispersed in an insulating polymer
matrix are particularly interesting to scientific and industrial communities. They have promising
applications in various fields, such as energy storage, energy conversion, wearable electronics
and sensors [1–3]. Until recently, metallic nanoparticles were the most commonly used material
but a heavy thermal post-treatment is often required to reach a high conductivity. Graphene with
its very high in-plane electric conductivity [4] is an attractive alternative for light-weight,
flexible, easy-to-process and low-cost nanocomposites. Commercial graphene suspension
comprising graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) are a ready-to-use solution. The graphene suspension
can be mixed in a polyacrylic solution as a binder and then deposited on a flat substrate. In thisconfiguration, the polyacrylic binder ensures the film adhesion to the substrate. The electricalconductivity of the film depends directly on the electrical percolation between the GNPs, aspolyacrylic is known as insulating. The creation of a percolating conductive network along the
GNPs remains a challenge, especially in the presence of an insulating polymeric matrix. The
limiting factor to reach high conductivity levels is related to the presence of contact resistances
between each GNP. The main objective of the study was to tackle this limitation. We introduced
PEDOT:PSS into the GNP formulation as a conductive polymer that will restore electricalcontinuity. Although the intrinsic conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS is low compared to theintrinsic conductivity of GNPs, the addition of PEDOT:PSS in low concentration shows asignificant synergistic effect by increasing the global conductivity of the film by two decades.
The electrical resistivity of the film was measured by four-probe method and the surface
morphology of the film was investigated at the nanoscale by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in
conductive mode.

References[1] Britnell, L.; Ribeiro, R. M.; Eckmann, A.; Jalil, R.; Belle, B. D.; Mishchenko, A.; Kim, Y.-J.; Gorbachev, R. V.;
Georgiou, T.; Morozov, S. V.; Grigorenko, A. N.; Geim, A. K.; Casiraghi, C.; Neto, A. H. C.; Novoselov, K. S.
Strong Light-Matter Interactions in Heterostructures of Atomically Thin Films. Science 2013, 340 (6138), 1311–
1314.
[2] Kim, K. S.; Zhao, Y.; Jang, H.; Lee, S. Y.; Kim, J. M.; Kim, K. S.; Ahn, J.-H.; Kim, P.; Choi, J.-Y.; Hong, B. H.
Large-Scale Pattern Growth of Graphene Films for Stretchable Transparent Electrodes. Nature 2009, 457 (7230),
706–710.
[3] El-Kady, M. F.; Kaner, R. B. Scalable Fabrication of High-Power Graphene Micro-Supercapacitors for Flexible
and on-Chip Energy Storage. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4 (1), 1475.
[4] Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V.; Jiang, D.; Zhang, Y.; Dubonos, S. V.; Grigorieva, I. V.; Firsov,
A. A. Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films. Science 2004, 306 (5696), 666–669.

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P051
ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE AND MEMBRANE STRUCTURE OF
BUCKY PAPERS IN WATER VAPOR
Y. Kakogi 1*, Y. Nanami 1, M. Irita 1, Y. Homma 1, T. Ymamamoto 1
1

Tokyo University of Science - Tokyo (Japan)*email: 1222514@ed.tus.ac.jp

A bucky paper (BP), which consists large amount of carbon nanotube (CNT), is a potential
candidate for electrical devices due to its highly electrical conductivity and flexibility. Because
BP devices are often used in the atmosphere, the effect of electrical properties of BP in water
vapor is crucial for their applications. Although, the effect of water vapor on the resistivity of
BPs have been observed, there is little agreement on its physical origin. [1, 2]. In this study, wemeasure the electrical resistivity of various types of BPs in a wide range of humidity and clarify
physical origin. We prepared two types of BPs fabricated by super-growth (SG) methods under
two different dispersion conditions [2]. One was dispersed by ethanol (SG-E) whereas the otherwas dispersed by water and surfactant (SG-S). We measured the resistivity by the four-terminal
measurement method under controlled humidity at RH = 20, 40, 60, 80 % and at constanttemperature T ≈ 24℃. The resistivity of SG-E decreased, whereas SG-S increased. Thus, wefound that different dispersion conditions exhibited opposite behavior of electrical resistivity inwater vapor, even though BP was fabricated by the same method. Besides, we perform themeasurement of contact angle of water drop on SG-E and SG-S surfaces and found the contact
angle for the SG-S was much smaller than that for SG-E. In addition, we measured the expansion
of BP in relative humidity. The expansion was observed only in SG-S. Thus, the SG-S could
absorb water molecules and expand. We believe that the expansion may explain the increase in
SG-S resistivity with increasing humidity. In the presentation, we explain the relation between
humidity dependence of membrane structure and resistivity.

References[1] A. Zahab et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW B 62, 15, 10 000, (2000).
[2] Y. Kakogi et al., Meeting abstract of IVC, (2022).

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P052
ELECTRON-PHONON COUPLING IN DOPED SINGLE-WALL CARBON
NANOTUBES
D. Müller 1*, K. Eckstein 1, T. Hertel 1
1

Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU) - Würzburg (Germany)*email: daniel.mueller@uni-wuerzburg.de

Electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling plays a key role for understanding physical phenomena suchas electrical conductance, phonon-assisted optical absorption, superconductivity or thetemperature-dependence of non-radiative decay [1]. Recent observations of infrared Fano antiresonance signals in the range of vibrational modes of doped semiconducting carbon nanotubes(s-SWNTs) suggest that such features may be used for investigating e-ph interactions in thesesystems [2,3,4]. However, this requires a careful analysis of spectral lineshapes, intensities andwidths as a function of doping level. Here, we present an investigation of one intra- and one intermolecular Fano resonance in the 800 cm-1 wavenumber range of intrinsic and doped polymerwrapped s-SWNT thin-films using high resolution infrared spectra. These modes and theirrespective e-ph coupling strengths are analyzed using a coherent superposition of coupled,harmonic oscillators. Fano-type resonance signals for the Raman active D- and G+-phonons canalso be observed because of their coupling to the Drude-like intraband absorption continuum in
doped s-SWNTs [4]. The high spectral resolution also allows resolving IR bands associated with
the Raman active G–-and E-modes. The results shed new light on the e-ph coupling strength in sSWNTs and help to better understand Fano resonances in low-dimensional doped
semiconductors.

Raman and IR. Raman active vibrational modes (black) can be seen in IR spectra after doping (green).
References[1] Lazzeri, M., Piscanec, S., Mauri, F., Ferrari, A. C., & Robertson, J. (2006). Phonon linewidths and electronphonon coupling in graphite and nanotubes. Physical review B, 73(15), 155426.
[2] Lapointe, F., Gaufrès, É., Tremblay, I., Nathalie, Y., Tang, W., Martel, R., & Desjardins, P. (2012). Fano
resonances in the midinfrared spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Physical Review Letters, 109(9), 097402.
[3] Fano, U. (1961). Effects of configuration interaction on intensities and phase shifts. Physical Review, 124(6),1866.
[4] Eckstein, K. H., Hirsch, F., Martel, R., & Hertel, T. (2021). Infrared Study of Charge Carrier Confinement in
Doped (6, 5) Carbon Nanotubes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 125(10), 5700-5707

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P053
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF COVALENT NETWORKS OFTRIANGULAR GRAPHENE FLAKES EMBEDDED IN HBN
H. Zhang 1*, M. Maruyama 1, Y. Gao 1, S. Okada 1
1

University of Tsukuba - Tsukuba (Japan)*email: hzhang@comas-tsukuba.jp

Because of the structural similarity and small lattice mismatch between graphene and hBN,
they can form an in- plane heterostructure in which all the bonds at the border are fully saturated.
Chemical vapor deposition experiments have shown the in-plane heterostructure of hBN andgraphene with zigzag borders. In such heterostructures, the border leads to peculiar localizedstates consisting of bonding and antibonding states of edge states of graphene and hBN strips.
This border localized states are known to be border states those are localized at but extended
along the borders. These facts imply that graphene nanonetworks embedded in hBN induce
unique electronic properties by designing the border shapes and constituent domain structures. In
this work, using density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation and ultrasoft
pseudopotentials, we investigated the electronic structures of covalent frameworks of polymeric
triangular graphene flakes ([n]triangulene where n is the number of hexagonal rings along one of
the edges) embedded in hBN as potential candidates for in-plane heterostructures of graphene andhBN with unique electronic properties (Fig. 1). Our calculations demonstrated that the electronic
structures of graphene nanonet- works embedded in hBN exhibited a small dispersion band near
the Fermi level, even though the C atoms formed two- dimensional covalent networks. We also
demonstrated that the detailed electronic structures of the heterostructures depend strongly on thesize of the triangulene and constituent border elements. A honeycomb network of [3]triangulene
in hBN was a semiconductor with a direct band gap of 0.7 eV at the K point. The otherheterostructures exhibited ferrimagnetic spin polarization, in which the numbers of polarized
electron spin depended on the constituent units.

Fig.1. Geometric structures of covalent networks of (a) [5]triangulene and C6 ring, (b) [4]triangulene and[2]triangulene, and (c) [3]triangulenes embedded in hBN. Red, black and green balls indicate B, C and N atoms,
respectively.

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P054
ELECTRONIC TRANSPORT AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF FIBERSFROM UNIAXIAL FULLERENE SUPRAMOLECULES ALIGNED WITH
CARBON NANOTUBES
J. Bulmer 1,*, M. Durán-Chaves 2, D. Long 1, J. Lipp 1, T. Bullard 1, J. Yoho 1, S. Williams 2, M.
Trafford 2, A. Pelton 1, J. Shank 1, B. Maruyama 1, L. Drummy 1, M. Pasquali 2, H. Koerner 1,
T. Haugan 1
AFRL - Dayton (United States)
Rice University - Houston (United States)*email: john.bulmer.2.ctr@afrl.af.mil
1

2

We present a simple variation on the established carbon nanotube (CNT) chlorosulfonic acid
(CSA) extrusion process that generates a fiber composed of uniaxial chains of aligned fullerene
supramolecules, which self-assemble and align between the aligned few-walled CNT bundles.
We present three varieties: high C60 loading CNT fiber (2% C60 and 2% CNT in 96% CSA byweight), low C60 loading CNT fiber (0.2% C60 and 2% CNT in 97.8% CSA by weight), andneat CNT fiber (2% CNT in 98% CSA weight) in the as-produced state, as well after a postprocess annealing (300 °C in Argon). As shown by TEM, XRD, and NanoCT characterization,
the crystallinity and outer dimensions of the oriented fullerene supramolecules are dictated byprocessing conditions such as the fullerene/ CNT concentration and post-process annealing. We
find that the initially insulating fullerenes do not impact the electrically conductivity of the CNT
network itself and, relative to the neat CNT fiber, the fullerene addition can positively impact
overall mechanical strength. Most importantly, this material provides a robust testbed for novelaligned fullerene wire transport. We present four probe electrical transport characterization,
magnetization, and AC susceptibility measurements of the as produced, annealed, and doped
material from room temperature down to 1.8 K, in magnetic fields up to 9 T. Tradeoffs between
the percolative path, fullerene aspect ratio, crystallinity, and internal molecular pressure that are
relevant for novel transport phenomena are discussed [1].

Figure 1. Structural characterization of the high C60 load CNT fiber: a, nanoCT scan showing interfaces between
density variation. Cutway red box is 25 um x 25 um x 25 um ; b, transmission XRD showing alignment of C60
crystalline phases in the direction of CNTs; c, TEM electron diffraction showing the FCC crystalline nature of the
C60 agglomeration.

References[1] A. Ganin, et al. "Polymorphism Control of Superconductivity and Magnetism in Cs3 C60 Close to the Mott
Transition." Nature 466, 221–225 (2010).

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P055
ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE TUNING OF MULTILAYER GRAPHENE
BY PERPENDICULAR ELECTRIC FIELD AND STACKING
ARRANGEMENT
N. Sultana 1*, Y. Gao 1, M. Maruyama 1, S. Okada 1
1

University of Tsukuba - Tsukuba (Japan)*email: nsultana@comas-tsukuba.jp

In recent year, graphene has gained significant interest in the wide areas of nanoscale sciences
and technologies due to its excellent physical properties. The electronic structure of graphene issensitive to the interlayer stacking arrangement and the number of layers [1]. Moreover, an
external electric field modulates band dispersion spectra near the Fermi level of bilayer graphene[2]. However, the electronic properties of multilayer graphene under the electric field are
uncertain in terms of their stacking arrangement and the number of layers. Therefore, in thiswork, we aim to elucidate the electronic structure of multilayer graphene under the perpendicularelectric field using the density functional theory (DFT) combined with the effective screening
medium method (ESM). DFT-ESM calculations revealed that the electronic structure ofmultilayer graphene with AB and ABC stacking under the perpendicular electric field strongly
depends on the number of layers and their staking arrangement. Multilayer graphene with AB
stacking under the electric field is a metal or a semimetal when the multilayer graphene consistsof odd or even number layers, respectively. In contrast, the multilayer graphene with ABC
stacking is a semiconductor which possesses flat band at the valence- and conduction-band edges,
irrespective of the number of layers.

Electronic structure near the Fermi level and in the vicinity of the K point of multilayer graphene with (a) AB
stacking and (b) ABC stacking arrangements under the perpendicular electric field.

References[1] M. Koshino and T. Ando, Phys. Rev. B 76, 085425 (2007).
[2] J. B. Oostinga et al. Nat. Mater. 146, 151 (2008).

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P056
ENCAPSULATION OF THIOPHENE DERIVATES IN BORON NITRIDENANOTUBES (BNNT) AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES
S.J. Cuevas Martínez 1,*, R. Martel 1, C. Allard 1, V. Pimonov 1, J.B. Marceau 2, G. Etienne 2
Département de chimie, Université de Montréal - Montréal (Canada)
Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Institut d’Optique, CNRS UMR5298, Université de Bordeaux Talence (France)*email: sandra.jaqueline.cuevas.martinez@umontreal.ca
12

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have gain special attention in the scientific community
thanks to their small tubular structure, which is analogous to that of carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
BNNTs are, however, good insulators with a wide bandgap (⁓5-6 eV) regardless of tube
morphology, highly resistance against oxidation, up to 900ºC, and they are chemically stable andoptically transparent from the UV down to the infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Thiophene derivates are fluorescent dyes, which have received interest due to its potential
applications in electroluminescent devices, such as OLED [1]. Previous works in our teamstudied the encapsulation mechanism of different dyes in SWCNT [2] and BNNT [3]. The focusof the present work is to explore the encapsulation process of a mixture of thiophenes: αsexiothiophene (6T) and α-terthiophene (3T), which are optically active according to maximum
absorption at λmax = 354 nm and 436 nm, respectively. Using hyperspectral imaging, wecharacterize the encapsulation process of 6T/3T@BNNT according to different conditions ofconcentration and temperature. The distribution of the dyes inside BNNTs is determined on
ensemble and individual BNNTs using a combination of techniques: fluorescence spectroscopy,
AFM, TEM, hyperspectral Raman (RIMA TM) and FTIR.

References[1] Rasmussen, Seth C., Sean J. Evenson, and Casey B. McCausland. «Fluorescent Thiophene-Based Materials andTheir Outlook for Emissive Applications». Chemical Communications 51, n.o 22 (2015): 4528-43.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC09206F.
[2] Gaufrès, Etienne, Nathalie Y.-W. Tang, Alexandre Favron, Charlotte Allard, François Lapointe, Vincent
Jourdain, Saïd Tahir, Colin-Nadeau Brosseau, Richard Leonelli, and Richard Martel. «Aggregation Control of αSexithiophene via Isothermal Encapsulation Inside Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes». ACS Nano 10, n.º 11 (2016):
10220-26. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b05660.
[3] Allard, Charlotte, Léonard Schué, Frédéric Fossard, Gaëlle Recher, Rafaella Nascimento, Emmanuel Flahaut,
Annick Loiseau, Patrick Desjardins, Richard Martel, and Etienne Gaufrès. «Confinement of Dyes inside Boron
Nitride Nanotubes: Photostable and Shifted Fluorescence down to the Near Infrared». Advanced Materials 32, n.º 29(2020): 2001429. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202001429.

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P057
ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS OF ELECTRONS EMITTED FROM CLEAN
GRAPHENE EDGES
P. Poncharal 1*, A. Ayari 1, V. Pascal 1, S. Perisanu 1, S. Purcell 1
Université Lyon1 - Lyon (France)*email: philippe.poncharal@univ-lyon1.fr
1This poster presents a study on electron field emission (FE) into ultrahigh vacuum (UHV)from a single, cleaned, graphene sheet where its single sheet nature has been carefully
characterized and the emission zones are unambiguously the sheet edges. This definitive
approach is in contrast to almost all other studies in the literature and can now guide theoreticalwork and applications. Our sample characterization starts with transmission electron microcopy
imaging, Raman characterization, controlled mounting of individual flakes in a scanning electron
microscope followed by in situ high temperature and high field treatments. Detailed FE
characterization was carried out including current-voltage plots, FE microscopy, and electronenergy spectroscopy during subsequent stages of sample cleaning, at room and liquid airtemperatures. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the energy peak as well as its relative
shift versus current and voltage were explored. A notable result is that the energy spectra are very
narrow, ten times less than previously reported [1,2].

Graphene flake. Graphene sample (produced by Chemical Vapor deposition with a drastic control of hydrogen
etching) used for this Field Emission study. Before picking-up the graphene sheet at the apex of a tungsten tip aspresented, we perform on the very same batch sample Raman spectroscopy and TEM diffraction to ensure thesample is indeed single layer graphene.

References[1] G. N. Fursey, N. V. Egorov, I. I. Zakirov, A. M. Yafyasov, L. I. Antonova, and V. V. Trofimov, Peculiarities of
the total energy distribution of field emission electrons from graphenelike structures, J. Commun. Technol. Electron.
61, 72 (2016).
[2] J. L. Shaw, J. B. Boos, B. D. Kong, J. T. Robinson, and G. G Jernigan, Field emission energy distribution andthree-termial current-voltage characteristics from planar graphene edges, J. Appl. Phys 125, 054502 (2019).

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P058
ENERGY TRANSFER FROM ENCAPSULATED SQUARAINE DYE
MOLECULES TO CHIRALITY-SORTED SINGLE-WALL CARBON
NANOTUBES
A. Fitó-Parera 1,*, S. Forel 1, H. Li 2, S. Van Bezouw 1, J. Campo 1, L. Wieland 2, B.S. Flavel 2,
W. Wenseleers 1, S. Cambré 1
1

University of Antwerp - Antwerpen (Belgium), 2Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe (Germany)*email: aina.fitoparera@uantwerpen.beSingle-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are nanomaterials with a hollow core and a highaspect ratio combined with subatomic diameter variability. Therefore, they are unique channels
able to encapsulate various molecules to form 1D hybrids. Dipolar dye molecules can be
encapsulated and aligned, as previously demonstrated [1], and there is energy transfer (EET)from the dye molecules towards the SWCNTs [2]. The optical properties of dye molecules
encapsulated in SWCNTs can be strongly modulated by the SWCNT diameter, indicating very
specific diameter-dependent stacking and interactions of the molecules [2,3]. In this work wereport this diameter-dependent dye absorption (see Fig. 1) of nearly single chirality dye-filled
SWCNTs (obtained through extensive diameter sorting of the large-diameter tubes) by measuring
and thoroughly fitting their unique photoluminescence-excitation maps [4]. Afterwards, we
compare the results with a molecular model of these dye molecules inside a cylinder of a given
diameter to predict the possible different stacking configurations of the dye molecules inside thehollow core of the SWCNTs. With it, we evidence that the SWCNT diameter is a parameter thatcan be used in order to tune optical properties of the 1D hybrids, and thus allowing forthcoming
applications in optoelectronics. [4]Encapsulated dye absorption wavelength from the EET for different (n,m) SWCNT as a function of their diameter.
[4]
References[1] S. Cambré, J. Campo et al., Nature Nanotechnol., 2015, 10, 248.
[2] S. van Bezouw et al., ACS Nano, 2018, 12, 7.
[3] J. Campo et al., ACS Nano, 2021, 15, 2.
[4] S. Forel et al., Nanoscale, 2022, 14, 8385.

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P059
ENHANCED CARBON NANOTUBE PRODUCTION BY FLOATINGCATALYST CVD VIA OVERHEATING OF CATALYST SOURCES
J. Lang 1,*, K. Namiki 2, Z. Zhang 2, I. Chikaarashi 2, T. Osawa 2, H. Sugime 1, S. Noda 2
1

Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering - Tokyo (Japan)
2
Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University - Tokyo (Japan)*email: langjh@aoni.waseda.jp

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted extensive attention among
researchers thanks to its unique chemical and physical properties. Floating catalyst chemical
vapor deposition (FCCVD) is regarded as an essential technique for continuous production ofhigh-quality SWCNTs [1]. However, the catalyst precursors gradually heated via heat transferfrom the reactor wall yield catalyst nanoparticles with moderate density, resulting in productivity
lower than that by supported catalyst CVD such as fluidized bed. If catalyst precursors are heatedquickly with a time constant τ, catalyst density n can be enhanced following the equation n = 1/L3
= (Dτ)-3/2 (L: diffusion length, D: diffusion coefficient). Based on this concept, we previously
developed the flame-assisted CVD method that used a premixed flame for τ as small as
milliseconds and yielded SWCNTs with diameter of ~1 nm with narrow diameter distribution [2].
But the productivity was as small as ~0.3 mg/min because of the narrow window between
oxidation and carbonization for catalyst activation.
In this report, we developed a FCCVD reactor with a microheater for instantaneous preheating of
catalyst precursors. The catalyst precursors (ferrocene and sulfur) are rapidly overheated to atemperature (>1400 ℃) higher than the CVD temperature (1100~1200 ℃) in a narrow nozzle(Φ4 mm), and decomposed precursors are rapidly cooled to CVD temperature via mixing withCVD gas (e.g., CH4, C2H4) to nucleate Fe/S particles and initiate CNT growth. This method
produced CNTs at high yield (20~30 mg/min) with high quality (Raman G-band to D-band
intensity ratio of ~50).

CNTs produced by FCCVD with overheating of catalyst precursors. (a) Digital images of 204 mg CNTs produced in
10 min. (b) SEM image. (c) Raman spectra (wavelength: 488 nm).
References[1] T. Saito et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 5849 (2006).
[2] S. Okada et al., Carbon 138, 1 (2018).

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P060
ENHANCED ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF HIGHLY-ENRICHEDGRAPHITIC-NITROGEN-DOPED SINGLE-WALL CARBON NANOTUBE
FIBERS
Z.K. Li 1,*, T.H. Fujimori 2, H.T. Inoue 2, S. Jeong 1, M. Sakai 1, K.S. Akada 1, Y.K. Ito 1,
J.I. Fujita 1
2

1
Tsukuba University - Tsukuba City (Japan)
Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd - Osaka (Japan)*email: s2130064@s.tsukuba.ac.jp

A chemical doping has offered a rich potential for tuning the electrical properties of carbon
nanotubes (CNTs). Despite nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) have been extensively
studied [1], the precise control of the C-N doping properties (e.g., graphitic-N, pyridinic-N, andpyrrolic-N) and the electronic structure modifications are not yet understood. Furthermore, mostof the literature reports so far have mostly devoted to the work on N-doped multi-walled carbon
nanotubes, where the weak mechanical properties caused by a large number of defects limit theirpotential application. Moreover, the in-situ growth and doping mechanism of N-CNTs are still
not well-understood, and some researchers have investigated the n-type graphitic-N doping of
single-wall carbon nanotube (N-SWCNT) fibers by post-treatment such as plasma to enhance theelectrical conductivity [2]. Here, we report a way to get high-quality N-SWCNTs with a highlyenriched graphitic-N, by varying the synthesis condition under a high flow rate of pure hydrogenwith floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FC-CVD) technique. We used ferrocene andthiophene as catalyst precursors and a promoter, respectively. Ethanol and pyridine were used ascarbon and nitrogen sources. N-SWCNTs were further spun into homogeneous and stable fibers
by solution spinning. We performed optical absorption measurement for the effect of N-doping,whereby the increased N content reduces the S11 peak (Fig. 1(a)). XPS spectrum showed oursample has rich graphitic-N amount, which have a stable sp2 structure (Fig. 1(b)). The NSWCNT fiber shows mechanical properties up to 1.28 GPa and electrical conductivity up to 1.37
MS/m. In this presentation, the detailed effect of N doping on fiber strength and room
temperature conductivity will be discussed. This work provides further insight for the future
synthetic development and potential applications of N-CNTs.

Figure 1. (a) UV-vis-NIR optical absorption spectra of N-SWCNTs and undoped SWCNTs. (b) XPS N1s spectra of
N-SWCNTs (N:C=1:30,1100℃).
References[1] H. R. Barzegar et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 117 (2013): 25805-25816.
[2] S. Hong et al. Carbon 167 (2020): 881-887.

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P061
ENHANCEMENT OF LI INTERCALATION OF LIFEPO4NANOPARTICLES WITH GRAPHENE
S. Wei 1, C. Cui 1*, W. Qian 1
1Tsinghua University - Beijing (China)*email: cuicj06@tsinghua.edu.cn

Carbon-assisted energy storage in Li-ion battery (LIBs) is a crucial topic in the era of carbon
neutral. Considering the power density of LIBs is always multi-factor dependent and mostmeasures only effect affect in part, the authors report here a “three-in-one” effect as using simply
adding graphene to LiFePO4 to fabricate the hybrid Li-ion battery-capacitors (LIBCs) cathode toenhance the performance of LiFePO4. The effects include the significant increase of electricalconductivity, accelerating ion diffusion rate, and an enhancement of capacitive performanceowing to the larger mesopore ratio and larger electrolyte holding ratio of the cathode sheet. As aresult, the graphene enhanced LIBCs exhibit much higher power density (with associated higher
energy density), and longer life time. The simple but robust strategy would be useful to apractical battery solution at low cost.

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P062
EXCITONIC TRANSITIONS OF QUASI-2D PEROVSKITES AT
CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES
P. Grenzer 1*, F. Schöppler 1, T. Hertel 1
1

Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU) - Würzburg (Germany)*email: patrick.grenzer@uni-wuerzburg.de

Due to their naturally formed quantum-well structure, two-dimensional (2D) perovskite
semiconductors exhibit remarkable optoelectronic properties, attracting interest in a wide range
of application fields including photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photodetectors andlasers [1,2]. Understanding the origin of their photophysical recombination pathways is thus
crucial. Recent investigations of 2D perovskite systems have revealed a variety of optically
excited states such as direct and indirect excitonic transitions [3], self-trapped excitons [4,5] andbiexcitons [6,7] at low temperatures. However, investigations that spectrally resolve the exciton
fine structure in their quasi-2D analogues are still missing. Here, we report on a series of PL
measurements between room temperature and 14 K on mechanically exfoliated 2D and quasi-2D
lead iodide perovskites (PEA)2(MA)n–1PbnI3n+1 (PEA, phenethylammonium; MA,
methylammonium) with n = 1 and n = 2, 3 or 4, respectively. With decreasing temperature, thepeaks shift to lower energies and the line-width decreases due to reduced thermal broadening.
Therefore, the broad excitonic signals observed at high temperatures are found to break up into a
multitude of individual transitions at cryogenic temperatures below 60 K. Additional evidence forthe excitonic nature of these transitions is obtained from absorption and power-dependent PL
measurements. Our investigations provide new insights into the exciton fine structure of quasi-2D
perovskites and shed light onto the role of quantum confinement in this class of low-dimensional
semiconductors.

References[1] Li, H., Luo, T., Zhang, S., Sun, Z., He, X., Zhang, W., Chang, H. Two‐Dimensional Metal‐Halide
Perovskite‐based Optoelectronics: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications. Energy Environ. Mater. 2021,
4, 46–64.
[2] Zhao, C., Qin, C. Quasi-2D lead halide perovskite gain materials toward electrical pumping laser. Nanophotonics
2020, 10, 2167–2180.
[3] Do, T. T. H., Del Granados Águila, A., Xing, J., Liu, S., Xiong, Q. Direct and indirect exciton transitions in twodimensional lead halide perovskite semiconductors. J. Chem. Phys. 2020, 153, 64705.
[4] Li, J., Wang, H., Li, D. Self-trapped excitons in two-dimensional perovskites. Front. Optoelectron. 2020, 13,
225–234.
[5] Deng, C., Zhou, G., Da Chen, Zhao, J., Wang, Y., Liu, Q. Broadband Photoluminescence in 2D OrganicInorganic Hybrid Perovskites: (C7H18N2)PbBr4 and (C9H22N2)PbBr4. The journal of physical chemistry letters 2020,11, 2934–2940.
[6] Li, W., Ma, J., Wang, H., Fang, C., Luo, H., Li, D. Biexcitons in 2D (iso-BA)2PbI4 perovskite crystals.
Nanophotonics 2020, 9, 2001–2006.
[7] Fang, H.-H., Yang, J., Adjokatse, S., Tekelenburg, E., Kamminga, M. E., Duim, H., Ye, J., Blake, G. R., Even, J.,
Loi, M. A. Band‐Edge Exciton Fine Structure and Exciton Recombination Dynamics in Single Crystals of Layered
Hybrid Perovskites. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2020, 30, 1907979.

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P063
EXFOLIATION, PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND
FUNCTIONALIZATION OF NEAR INFRARED FLUORESCENT
CACUSI4O10 NANOSHEETS
S. Kruss 1*
1

Ruhr-University Bochum - Bochum (Germany)*email: sebastian.kruss@rub.de

Imaging in the near infrared (NIR) range of the spectrum is beneficial due to reduced lightscattering, absorption, toxicity and autofluorescence. However, there are only few NIR
fluorescent materials known and suitable for (biomedical) applications. Here, we exfoliate thenear infrared fluorescent layered pigment CaCuSi4O10 (known as Egyptian Blue, EB) via
different mechanical and surfactant-assisted approaches into 2D nanosheets (EB-NS) of highmonodispersity. Dimensions of the nanosheets decrease with sonication time < 10 nm down tosingle EB layers (around 1 nm). The near infrared fluorescence of EB at 910 nm is retained in
EB-NS and the total fluorescence intensity scales with size. Furthermore, we demonstrate that
EB-NS display ultra-high photostability (no bleaching), are extremely bright compared to other
NIR fluorophores and can be used for lifetime encoded imaging. We also show that thefluorescence lifetimes in the µs range depend on particle size and can be used to enhance contrast
in imaging. Furthermore, we use silane chemistry to decorate the surface of the nanosheets withbiomolecules. In summary, we introduce exfoliated 2D CaCuSi4O10 nanosheets as versatile NIR
fluorescent material for photonics.

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P064
FABRICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBE THIN FILMS ON BILAYERLIQUID INTERFACE WITH DIFFERENT DISPERSIBILITY
Y. Shimada 1, K. Terauchi 1, S. Nishida 1, K. Otsuka 1, S. Maruyama 1, S. Chiashi 1*
1

The University of Tokyo - Tokyo (Japan)*email: chiashi@photon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

One of the promising applications of carbon nanotubes (CNT) is transparent conductive thinfilms because of their flexibility and excellent thermal and electrical conductivity properties.
CNT thin films can be fabricated by either a wet process, in which CNTs are dispersed insolution in advance or a dry process, in which CNTs are spun during or after synthesis. In the wet
process, semiconducting and metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can beseparated after dispersion, and they can be applied to any CNT samples. However, there isconcern that the electrical conductivity properties of the CNT thin film may deteriorate due to theshortening of the CNTs with intense ultrasonic treatment and/or contamination with surfactants
during the dispersion process. On the other hand, in the dry process, there is no concern about
contamination or shortening, but it is necessary to control the CNT thin films in the growth stage
by the synthesis conditions. Forward the ideal CNT thin film fabrication, in this study, we
attempted to fabricate CNT thin films by the wet process using dilute CNT dispersions.
Vertically-aligned MWCNTs and vertically-aligned SWCNTs, which were synthesized in ourlaboratory, and commercially available CNT samples were dispersed in DMF by weakultrasonication to prepare CNT-DMF solutions. Since no surfactant or strong ultrasonication(such as homogenizer) was used here, the CNT concentration in the DMF solution was dilute andno shortening was expected to have occurred. The CNT-DMF solution was gently poured onto
the surface of water, which is a poor solvent for CNTs, and a layer of DMF was formed on thesurface. The DMF layer quickly diffused into water and disappeared, but the CNTs remained on
the surface and formed a thin CNT film. The CNT thin film was picked up by a hydrophobic
membrane filter and transferred to various substrates such as silicon and glass. Using a dilute
CNT solution, CNT thin films formed on the liquid surface can be very thin, and lighttransmittance of 95% (at 550 nm) was obtained.

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P065
GAS-PHASE BUNDLING DYNAMICS OF HIGH-ASPECT-RATIOCARBON NANOTUBES: ATOMISTIC, MESOSCALE, AND
ANALYTICAL MODELS
X. Qiu 1*, R. Qiao 1, A. Boies 1
1

Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge - Cambridge (United Kingdom)*email: xq225@cam.ac.uk

In floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition (FCCVD), the gas-phase aggregation andbundling of the nanostructures give rise to a CNT aerogel, which can then be extracted
continuously from the reactor into fibre or mats. This makes FCCVD one of the most promisingroutes for high-volume production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The self-assembly behaviour
between high-aspect-ratio CNTs dictates the resulting morphology at the nanoscale andsubsequent properties of the bulk product. However, as the material spans across multiple lengthscales and its dynamics across multiple time scales, new models are needed to describe andunderstand the emergence of aerogel from CVD reactions. Previous work from our groupprovided the first known calculation of timescales on the agglomeration and bundling dynamics
of individual CNT molecules in the gas phase [1,2], which is a prerequisite for aerogel formation.
In this study, we advanced our analysis to meet the multi-scale challenge with mesoscale
molecular dynamics (MD) models that are capable of predicting the reorientation time for CNTsof various types at 0.1% of the time cost compared to that of the atomistic MD models. This
opens up timescales that would otherwise be impossible for atomistic MD models but still falls
short for describing a population of 1D structures, i.e. an aerogel. We further developed ananalytical model based on mechanics of rigid structures, which showed good agreement withresults from the mesoscopic MD models. This multi-scale modelling capability would enable us
to study not only aerogel formation from FCCVD reactors but also gas-phase 1D nanostructuresin general.

Prediction of bundling time of two CNT molecules as a function of initial angle by mesoscale and analytical models
References[1] A. M. Boies et al., “Agglomeration Dynamics of 1D Materials: Gas-Phase Collision Rates of Nanotubes andNanorods,” Small, vol. 15, no. 27, pp. 1–26, 2019, doi: 10.1002/smll.201900520.
[2] N. Kateris, P. Kloza, R. Qiao, J. A. Elliott, and A. M. Boies, “From Collisions to Bundles: An Adaptive CoarseGrained Model for the Aggregation of High-Aspect-Ratio Carbon Nanotubes,” J. Phys. Chem. C, vol. 124, no. 15,
2020, doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b10479.

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P066
GRAPHENE DISPERSION IN WATER: FORMULATION AND
STABILITY
L. Boulbet 1,*, A. Pénicaud 1, C. Drummond 1, R. Soltani 2
1

Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal UMR 5031 CNRS - Pessac (France)
2
Carbon Waters - Pessac (France)*email: luna.boulbet@u-bordeaux.fr

Graphene, a monolayer of graphite, is a hexagonal lattice of carbon with an atomic thickness.
Formalized in the 1940s, it was first obtained by mechanical exfoliation of graphite by the socalled adhesive tape method in 2004 (1). As graphene is presenting outstanding mechanical,
electrical, thermal and barrier properties (2), a lot of scientific research is channelled on its
production. Some techniques such as the adhesive-tape method or the chemical vapour deposition
produce good quality graphene but are not suitable for scaling-up to industrial quantities. For thisreason, as for facilitating the incorporation of graphene into different final products, numerous
research focus on the development of liquid formulations of graphene. The process that wasdeveloped by the CRPP (3) and adapted by the company Carbon Waters is based on the
dissolution of graphite intercalated compounds (GIC) in an organic medium, leading to agraphenide solution. This solution is then oxidized and transferred into water where neutralgraphene is dispersed and stabilized by adsorbed hydroxide ions. This dispersion is called “Eaude Graphène” (EdG) (Fig.1). The stabilization of graphene in water without surfactants is still not
fully understood: other ions could preferably be adsorbed on the surface of the graphene, thus
improving the stability and the concentration of the EdG. Through experimental work involving
electrophoretic mobility, Atomic Force Microscopy and calorimetry, combined with molecular
dynamic simulations (LAMMPS), the charge of the graphene in dispersion is investigated, thus
allowing us to improve the understanding of the stabilization mecanisms of graphene in water.

Preparation of aqueous graphene dispersion. Preparation of aqueous graphene dispersion, adapted from Ref.3

References[1] Novoselov, K. S., et al. Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films. Science. 2004, 306, pp. 666-669.
[2] Novoselov, K. S., et al. A Roadmap for Graphene. Nature. 2013, 490, pp. 192-200.
[3] Bepete, G., et al. Surfactant-Free Single-Layer Graphene in Water. Nat. Chem. 2017, 9, pp. 347-352.

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P067
GRAPHENE EPITAXY: FROM MISORIENTATION-FREE TOMISORIENTATION-ENGINEERED GRAPHENE FILMS
L. Sun 1,*, Y. Li 2, B. Chen 3, Z. Liu 2
Beijing Graphene Institute - Beijing (China)
Peking University - Beijing (China), 3Soochow University - Suzhou (China)*email: sunlz@bgi-graphene.com
1

2

In this talk, I will introduce our recent works on controlled growth of high-quality graphenefilms via CVD approach, especially on controlling the crystallographic orientation of graphene.
By designing and preparing single-crystal Cu(111) foils, we have opportunities in realizing theepitaxial growth of large-area single-crystal misorientation-free graphene film [1,2]. We designed
and constructed a pilot-scale CVD system suitable for producing A3-size graphene films, whichworks well and output high-quality graphene films with high capacity [2]. To explore thepossibility on controlling the layer number and stacking order, we developed a hetero-site
nucleation method for growing twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) [3]. Gas-flow perturbation andswitching of the graphene edge termination play crucial roles in triggering the formation ofinterlayer twist. We also established a slip-line-guided growth principle to explain and predict the
crystal orientation distribution of graphene on a variety of metal facets, further enabling thecontrollable synthesis of single-crystal graphene and grain boundary engineering of bi-crystal
graphene on designed metal facets [4], which opens a new avenue for manipulating the crystal
orientations, grain boundary structures, and even twisted angles of bilayer 2D materials in abottom-up manner.

Pilot-scale misorientation-free graphene films; centimeter-scale misorientation-engineered Graphene Films; lab-level
twisted bilayer graphene.

References[1] L. Sun, G. Yuan, L. Gao*, J. Yang, M. Chhowalla*, M. H. Gharahcheshmeh, K. K. Gleason*, Y. S. Choi, B. H.
Hong*, Z. Liu*, Nat. Rev. Methods Primers 1, 5 (2021).
[2] L. Sun, B. Chen, W. Wang, Y. Li, X. Zeng, H. Liu, Y. Liang, Z. Zhao, A. Cai, R. Zhang, Y. Zhu, Y. Wang, Y.
Song, Q. Ding, X. Gao, H. Peng, Z. Li*, L. Lin*, Z. Liu*, ACS Nano 16, 285 (2022).
[3] L. Sun, Z. Wang, Y. Wang, L. Zhao, Y. Li, B. Chen, S. Huang, S. Zhang, W. Wang, D. Pei, H. Fang, S. Zhong,H. Liu, J. Zhang, L. Tong, Y. Chen, Z. Li, M. H. Rümmeli, K. S. Novoselov, H. Peng*, L. Lin*, Z. Liu*, Nat.
Commun. 12, 2391 (2021).
[4] Y. Li, H. Liu, Z. Chang, H. Li, S. Wang, L. Lin, H. Peng, Y. Wei*, L. Sun*, Z. Liu*, Adv. Mater. 2201188(2022)

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P068
GRAPHITIC STRUCTURE ASSESSMENT OF CARBON NANOTUBES BY
INFRARED C=C VIBRATIONAL MODES
K. Kobashi 1*, T. Morimoto 1, T. Okazaki 1
1

National institute of advanced industrial science and technology - Tsukuba (Japan)*email: kobashi-kazufumi@aist.go.jp

Quality control of nanocarbon materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene isnecessary for the industrial applications. To assess the quality (graphitic structure), various
analytical methods have been employed, e.g. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, andthermogravimetric analysis. Infrared spectroscopy is semi-quantitative, but versatile, powerfultool to characterize the chemical bonds. Recently, we proposed the quantitative surface
characterization of as-grown and acid-treated single-walled CNTs in a multifaceted approach,and successfully assigned the infrared vibrational modes [1]. In this study, infrared C=C
vibrational modes were focused as a novel approach to assess graphitic structure of CNTs. We
inspected the two kinds of skeletal and stretching modes of aromatic compounds around 1560
cm-1 and 1660 cm-1 (Figure). A comparison was made using the CNT films subjected to acidtreatment (introduction of functional groups), and further annealed under N2 at 375oC and 800oC(removal of functional groups). Both the skeletal and stretching modes were detected in the
spectrum of acid-treated CNT, while the stretching mode disappeared in the spectra of annealed
CNTs, accompanied by the decrease in peak intensity of the functional groups. The skeletal modeis derived from the plural chemical bonds of aromatic rings in the graphitic sheet of CNT. On theother hand, the stretching mode stems from a single chemical bond of alkenyl group. Thus wedemonstrated the C=C stretching mode of CNTs, which is indicative of a disordered graphitic
structure brought by attachment of the functional groups to the CNT surfaces. The extensional
study is in progress, and a peak intensity ratio of skeletal to stretching mode would be an asset toevaluate quality of CNTs.

Figure. Infrared spectra and vibrational modes of single-walled CNT films, (a) acid-treated, further annealed under
nitrogen at (b) 375 degree C and (c) 800 degree C.
References[1] Kazufumi Kobashi et al., ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2021, 4, 5273-5284.

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P069
GROWTH KINETICS OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBESINSIDE METALLOCENE-FILLED SINGLE-WALLED CARBON
NANOTUBES
M. Kharlamova 1, C. Kramberger 1*
University of Vienna - Vienna (Austria)*email: christian.kramberger-kaplan@univie.ac.at
1

The applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) require nanotubes withdefined properties [1,2]. The synthesis of carbon nanotubes should be controlled with allparameters, which regulate the growth kinetics of carbon nanotubes. The understanding ofgrowth mechanism of carbon nanotubes is required to know growth parameters of nanotubes.
There are three methods of synthesis of carbon nanotubes, arc-discharge, laser ablation, chemicalvapour deposition (CVD). In the first two methods, it is impossible to study the growth kinetics,
because the synthesis process is too fast. In the CVD method, the growth kinetics of forests of
SWCNTs was studied. These forests consisted of SWCNTs with different diameter, chiral angle,
conductivity type, chemical properties. In our work, we study the growth kinetics of individual
chirality SWCNTs inside metallocene-filled SWCNTs. We reveal two stages of growth of carbon
nanotubes on metal carbide, and metallic particle, which are formed as the result of decomposingof metallocenes. Both stages are characterized by growth rates, a and b, and activation energies,
Ea, and Eb, accordingly. The first stage lasts for several minutes in the beginning of the growth
process, and the second stage continues for many more hours until complete formation of inner
SWCNTs inside metal-filled SWCNTs occurs. It is shown that the growth rates depend on the
diameter of SWCNTs. The smaller diameter SWCNTs have larger growth rates. The activationenergy is also dependent on the diameter of SWCNTs. The peculiarities of these dependencies
are described in our works [3-5]. The activation energy is dependent on the chiral angle [6].

References[1] M.V. Kharlamova. Advances in tailoring the electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Progress inMaterials Science, 77, 125-211 (2016).
[2] M.V. Kharlamova. Electronic properties of pristine and modified single-walled carbon nanotubes, PhysicsUspekhi, 56(11), 1047-1073 (2013).
[3] M. V. Kharlamova, C. Kramberger, Y. Sato, T. Saito, K. Suenaga, T. Pichler, H. Shiozawa. Chiral vector andmetal catalyst-dependent growth kinetics of single-wall carbon nanotubes, Carbon, 133, 283-292 (2018).
[4] M. V. Kharlamova, C. Kramberger, T. Saito, Y. Sato, K. Suenaga, T. Pichler, H. Shiozawa. Chirality-dependent
growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes as revealed inside nano-test tubes, Nanoscale, 9, 7998-8006 (2017).
[5] M. V. Kharlamova, C. Kramberger. Metal Cluster Size-Dependent Activation Energies of Growth of SingleChirality Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes inside Metallocene-Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes,
Nanomaterials, 11(10), 2649 (2021).
[6] M. V. Kharlamova, C. Kramberger. Metallocene-Filled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Hybrids, Nanomaterials,
13(4), 774 (2023).

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P070
GROWTH OF HORIZONTALLY ALIGNED SEMICONDUCTINGSINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE ARRAYS USING CARBONMONOXIDE AS CARBON FEEDSTOCK
X. Zhao 1, Z. Zhang 1,2*, Y. Li 1,2
College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University - Beijing (China)
Shanxi-PKU Institute for Carbon-Based Thin Film Electronics, (SICTFE-PKU) - Taiyuan (China)*email: zeyaozhang@pku.edu.cn
1

2

Horizontally aligned semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (s-SWCNT) arrays aregood candidates for future nanoelectronics. Here, we developed a general approach to growhorizontally aligned s-SWCNT-enriched arrays on ST-cut quartz with bimetallic catalysts using
carbon monoxide (CO) as carbon feedstock under atmospheric pressure. The disproportionationof CO produces not only carbon for SWCNT growth but also CO2, which could act as an in-situ
etchant to remove amorphous carbon and highly reactive metallic tubes. The use of bimetallic
catalyst and quartz substrate facilitate the selective etching by narrowing the diameter distributionof as-grown SWCNTs to about 1.6 nm. At the optimized conditions, we realized the selective
growth of horizontally aligned s-SWCNT arrays with the content of ~97% using CoCu catalysts,
confirmed by Raman characterization together with electrical measurements of the field effecttransistor devices. Compared to direct growth with ethanol or methane, higher selectivity can beobtained over a wider growth window with CO. The universality of s-SWCNTs synthesized fromCO has been verified on various bimetallic catalysts, such as CoMn and FeCu. This work
provides a feasible method for growing s-SWCNTs on substrates and demonstrates the practicalpotential for the scalable fabrication of CNT-based devices.

Growing s-SWCNT arrays using CO as feedstock. Schematic of the growth mechanism (left) and the comparisonof the percentages of s-SWCNTs in the arrays grown from three carbon sources at different growth temperatures(right).

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P071
GROWTH OF WAFER-SCALE HIGH-DENSITY HASAS WITH A
TRIDENT STRATEGY AND THE HIGH THROUGHPUT
CHARACTERIZATION
Y. Xie 1*, Y. Li 1, L. Qian 1, Z. Zhao 1, J. Zhang 1
1Peking University - Beijing (China)*email: 1801110344@pku.edu.cn

SWNT (single-walled carbon nanotube) horizontal arrays (HASAs) have been put on a very
high pedestal in micro- and nano-electronics. However, after decades of study, HASAs still failed
to live up to the expectation due to the trade-off between high density and large-area uniformity.
Many post-processing methods have been developed to solve this problem, but mostly at the costof the alignment and quality. Therefore, direct growth of HASAs with high-density and waferscale uniformity is highly desired, but remains a daunting task. Herein, we developed a “Trident
strategy”, synchronously optimizing the substrate surface morphology by laser scratchingstrategy, the catalyst distribution by ion implantation technique and the gas flow homogeneity bya “vertical spraying chemical vapor deposition” (VSCVD) system. With this three-pronged
strategy, as-grown HASAs with the highest density of 140 tubes mm-1 could be uniformly
distributed on a one-inch sapphire wafer. Besides, evaluating the wafer-scale uniformity of the
as-prepared HASAs was needed. In this regard, we developed a “Three-leveled lever”
characterization strategy with both high throughput and high precision. The breakthrough in the
fabrication and characterization methods would help to accelerate the batch production and labto-fab transition of HASAs in the future.

The schematic of the Trident strategy. Growth of wafer-scale high-density HASAs with the Trident strategy,
which composed of the laser scratching method to improve the uniformity of substrate morphology, the ion
implantation technique to improve the uniformity of catalyst distribution, and the VSCVD system to improve theuniformity of gas flow.

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P072
HEALTHY LIFE WITH CNT MATERIALS - MULTI-LEVELMONITORING OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH
R.G. Jędrysiak 1,*, S. Boncel 1, A. Kolanowska 2, A. Blacha 2, S. Ruczka 2, M. Imielski 3
1

Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics,
Nanocarbon Group - Gliwice (Poland)
2
Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Nanocarbon Group - Gliwice (Poland)
3
Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry - Gliwice (Poland)*email: rafal.jedrysiak@polsl.pl

The problem of heart diseases in the aging society of the Western world continuously
increases. One of the possibilities to solve this problem is textronics - a combination clothes andadvanced technical solutions based on nanotechnology.[1] Textronics can reduce mortality,
improve recovery, monitor daily activity and ultimately reduce the healthcare costs. All of thesegoals can be achieved by observing functional parameters of heart, from a simple heart rate to asophisticated multi-channel ECG. The recorded signals can be sent wirelessly (Wi-Fi/GSM) andinitially analyzed by AI algorithms. Further, in the case of detecting health or life-threatening
episodes, the remotely informed medical personnel will implement the necessary life-saving
actions. The core of remote ECG systems is flexible electrical circuits conveniently implantable
into textiles and electronics. The flexible electrical circuits could be easily printed or painted
using electroconductive pastes based on various polyacrylic or polyurethane dispersions asprematrices and carbon nanotubes with the required characteristics.[2,3] Both the conductive
paths and the electrodes are made of the same conductive paste. The insulations layers are madeof a polymer base which is a matrix in the conductive element. Such an approach ensurescompatibility and integrity of all elements. (Fig. 1).The system represents a versatile tool inremote medicine that can be easily utilized for applications such as monitoring and intervention
for soldiers, firefighters, and other professionals or the in the cardiologic rehabilitation
supervision, in which remote tracking of health is critical. Acknowledgments: The authors arevery grateful for the financial support from the National Science Center (Poland), grant no.
2020/39/B/ST5/02562, in the framework of the OPUS-20 program.

Fig. 1. Electrodes and paths
References[1] N.A.Choudhry, L. Arnold, A. Rasheed, I.A. Khan, L. Wang, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2021, 23.
[2] S. Boncel, R.G. Jędrysiak, M. Czerw, A. Kolanowska, et al., ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 2022, 5(10), 15762–
15774.
[3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qwmi6XVw8a0.

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P073
HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OPTIMIZATION STRATEGY FOR
CARBON NANOTUBE FIBERS WITH ULTRAHIGH DYNAMIC
STRENGTH
M.Q. Jian 1,*, J. Zhang 2
1

Beijing Graphene Institute - Beijing (China), 2Peking University - Beijing (China)*email: jianmuqiang@126.com

Carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) have been expected to inherit the striking mechanicalproperties of individual nanotubes, but their current performances are strongly impaired byimperfect assembly structures. Exploring methods for the controllable assembly and continuous
preparation of high-performance CNTFs is still challenging. We developed agraphene/chlorosulfonic acid-assisted wet-stretching method to produce highly densified andwell-aligned graphene/carbon nanotube fibers with excellent mechanical and electricalperformances. Graphene with small size and high quality can bridge the adjacent CNTs to avoid
the interfacial slippage under deformation, which facilitates the formation of a robust architecturewith abundant conductive pathways. Their ordered structure and enhanced interfacial interactions
endow the fibers with both high strength (4.7 GPa) and high electrical conductivity (more than 2MS/m). Fiber-based lightweight wires show good flexibility and knittability, and the highperformance fiber heaters exhibit ultrafast electrothermal response over 1000 °C/s and a low
operation voltage of 3 V. Furthermore, we propose a hierarchical structure optimization strategy
for fabricating closely packed, well-aligned and highly interconnected fiber architectures throughthe combination of a bioinspired polymeric nanofibers-assisted mechanical training process andsubsequent mechanical densification. This strategy enables to reinforce the intertube interactions
at the nanoscale, improve the microscopic alignment and mechanically densifying macroscopic
fibers. The resultant fibers exhibit ultrahigh dynamic strength of 14 GPa under high-strain-rate
conditions and excellent energy dissipation capabilities, surpassing all other known macroscopic
fibers. Our results provide insights into design and production of ultrastrong fibers withextremely high-strength and excellent impact-resistant performance.

High-performance carbon nanotube fibers. A hierarchical structure optimization strategy for fabricating highly
packed and well-aligned carbon nanotube fibers with excellent quasi-static and dynamic strength.
References[1] Lijun Li, Tongzhao Sun, Shichao Lu, Zhuo Chen, Shichen Xu, Muqiang Jian*, and Jin Zhang*. ACS Appl.
Mater. Interfaces 2023, 15, 4, 5701
[2] Xinshi Zhang, Muqiang Jian*, and Jin Zhang*, et al., submitted.

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HIGH CONDUCTANCE CARBON NANOTUBE ELECTRODE
FABRICATION VIA PATTERNING FILTER
Z. Xu 1,*, Q. Zhang 2, E. I. Kauppinen 1
1

Aalto University - Espoo (Finland), 2Honda Research Institute USA, Inc.Honda Research Institute USA,
Inc. - San Jose (Finland)*email: zhenyu.xu@aalto.fi

Excellent electrical, optical, and mechanical properties make carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
widely applied in the field of optoelectronics as transparent electrodes. However, theperformance was limited by the finite absorbance of the CNTs, which brings about a trade-off
between the conductance and transmittance. Patterning a thick CNT film was an effective method
to overcome the trade-off. However, current techniques to pattern CNT films, such aslithography, solution printing and oxygen plasma etching, suffer from the disadvantages ofcontamination,complicatedprocess,
andlimitedconductivity
improvement.
In this research, we developed a simple and quick laser-patterning filter technique for fabricating
patterned CNT electrodes. Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were synthesised byfloating catalyst chemical vapour deposition (FC-CVD). By utilising the technique, highperformance patterned CNT electrodes can be fabricated directly and transferred onto a substrateby the dry pressing method. After doping with gold chloride, the CNT electrodes exhibit anequivalent sheet resistance of 1.3 Ω∙sq−1 at 90% transmittance, also with good mechanicalproperties. The patterned filter is not damaged or contaminated throughout the process, so it canbe reused for fabricating CNT electrodes.

References[1] Zhang, Q. et al. Large-Diameter Carbon Nanotube Transparent Conductor Overcoming Performance–Yield
Tradeoff. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2103397, 1–11 (2021).

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P075
HIGH-PERFORMANCE AND POLARIZATION SHORTWAVEINFRARED PHOTODETECTOR BASED ON CARBON NANOTUBE
FILMS
X. Cai 1*, S. Wang 1
1Peking University - Beijing (China)*email: 2269203026@qq.com

Carbon Nanotube (CNT) is an ideal candidate material for shortwave infrared (SWIR)
detectors due to its large bandgap tunability, strong infrared light absorption, and high mobility.
We optimized the CNT film photodetector performance using multilayer CNT films and stacked
contact electrode structure. The photodetector of multilayer CNT films exhibits maximum
responsivity of 120 mA/W at 1800 nm wavelength, which is one order magnitude larger than asingle-layer network CNT film with low density. Moreover, the dark current in the multilayer
CNT films photodetector is also suppressed by a local n-type doping process. Finally, theoptimization of our photodetectors with multilayer CNT films, stacked contact electrodes, andlocal n-type doping layer demonstrated a response spectral range of 1200-2100 nm, a peak D* of
3.94×109 Jones at room temperature, and a linear dynamic range over 118 dB. When thetemperature decreases to 180 K, the D* of the photodetector can be improved up to 2.27×1011
Jones. Our work demonstrates the potential of CNT film for future SWIR imaging with a cut-off
wavelength over 2100 nm.
The future direction of infrared photodetector technology development is the pursuit of multidimensional information detection, making the optical system planarization, and moving onto
chip. Polarization detection can further obtain the polarization information of the detection target
and background, which is characterized by the ability to achieve infrared target identification incomplex environmental backgrounds. We have prepared a polarization photodetector using wellaligned CNT and investigated the performance in the SWIR band. Furthermore, an aligned CNT
polarization photodetector with a 5×2 µm pixel size can image the laser spots with a radius ofonly 15 µm at 1.8 µm wavelength and shows polarization characteristics. Finally, a monolithic
polarization integrated system (MPIS) based on the aligned CNT transistor, resistance, andphotodetector was constructed to increase the anisotropic ratio of the photodetector. The
amplified anisotropic ratio is the maximum reported in the SWIR band. Our work demonstrates
the potential of aligned CNT for polarization detection applications as well as for monolithic
polarization systems.

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P076
HIGH-PURITY SORTING OF 1.2 NM-DIAMETER SINGLE-CHIRALITYSWCNTS WITH PYRIDINE-CONTAINING COPOLYMERS
Y. Li 1*, S. Qiu 1, Q. Sui 1, Q. Li 1
1

Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, - Suzhou (China)*email: yhli2019@sinano.ac.cn

Single-chirality SWCNTs (sc-SWCNTs) are promising materials for upcoming electronics
and optoelectronic applications in the post-Moore era. In particular, single-chirality SWCNTs
with diameter distributed in a range of 1.2-1.4 nm have been regarded as ideal candidate fornanodevice development due to their unique bandgap and optoelectronic properties near 1.5 µm.
However, the selective isolation ability of sc-SWCNTs becomes rather challenging when the
nanotube diameter increases.
Herein, stepwise extraction strategy is introducing as an effective approach for the selective andprecise separation of single-chirality SWCNTs. Two novel methods have been developed,
namely enhanced ultracentrifugation (E-UCG), and stepwise extraction processing (STEP). With
this methods, three monochiral species were successfully obtained. Three pyridine-containing
copolymers with different copolymer unit or functional group, which successfully achieved
isolation of (9,8) (10,8) and (12,5) SWCNTs with all the diameters around 1.2 nm at high singlechirality purity (82%, 92.3% and 95.6%). In summary, regulating the conjugated structure
provides the basis for selectivity determination, and controlling the start materials at each stepduring separation is critical to the stepwise extraction strategy.

References
J. Gu, J. Han, D. Liu, X. Yu, L. Kang, S. Qiu, H. Jin, H. Li, Q. Li, J. Zhang, Small 2016, 12, 4993.
D. Liu, P. Li, X. Yu, J. Gu, J. Han, S. Zhang, H. Li, H. Jin, S. Qiu, Q. Li, J. Zhang, Adv Mater 2017, 29, 1603565
S. Qiu, K. Wu, B. Gao, L. Li, H. Jin, Q. Li, Adv Mater 2019, 31, 1800750.

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P077
HIGH-THROUGHPUT CHARACTERIZATION OF HASASSYNTHESIZED BY TRIDENT STRATEGY
Y. Li 1*, Y. Xie 1, L. Qian 1, Z. Zhao 1, Z. Jin 1
1Peking University - Beijing (China)*email: liyue2341@pku.edu.cn

The synthesis of horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotube arrays (HASAs) havereached a wafer scale and brought higher request to the characterization techniques. Specifically,
the rational evaluation of the HASAs density under wafer scale is highly desired for both the
future development of synthesis and practical applications. The trade-off between the highthroughput and high-precision of the current characterization methods is the main limitation of
the statistical and standard evaluation of HASAs density. To solve the problem, we developed a
new technique by combining the Optical Imaging (high-throughput) and Atomic ForceMicroscope (high-precision), mainly based on “Three levers”: the carbon nanotube (CNT)
contrast of optical imaging was levered by the polarization control. The characterization scale of
AFM was levered by AI programs. And finally, we bridged the enhanced optical signal of
HASAs and the density data measured by “AFM+AI” under the same scale, and therefore levered
the efficiency of density measurement by 4 orders of magnitude. This technique enables thestatistical determination of the density of HASAs under wafer level. A standard characterization
process was developed based on the as-synthesized 1-inch HASAs samples by Trident strategy.
Moreover, we used a binary statistical indicator to evaluate the average density and uniformity of
HASAs. This binary statistical indicator might be suitable to set a universal standard for density
evaluation, which is meaningful for future development of HASAs.

"Three-leveled lever" Characterization. The schematic of "Three-leveled lever" characterization process.

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P078
HIGHLY EFFICIENT DOPING OF CARBON NANOTUBE FILMS WITH
CHLOROAURIC ACID BY DIP-COATING
O. Zaremba 1, E. Khabushev 1, A. Anisimov 2, A. Nasibulin 1,*
1

Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology - Moscow (Russian Federation)
2
Canatu Ltd. - Espoo (Finland)*email: a.nasibulin@skol.tech

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based transparent and conductive films (TCFs) are
one of the most prospective materials for novel flexible and stretchable electronic devices.
Development of reproducible and scalable doping procedure is the key step towards thewidespread implementation of SWCNT TCFs. Here, we thoroughly investigate a dip-coating
technique for SWCNT doping as a promising approach for the practical manufacturing of
SWCNT films with high performance. We examine the effect of dip-coating parameters on
optical and electrical properties of the films using gold (III) chloride solution in isopropyl alcohol(IPA) and in situ investigate doping effects. This method appeared to easily fine-tune theoptoelectronic parameters of SWCNT films and achieve a record sheet resistance value of 36
Ohm/sq. at the 90% transmittance in the middle of visible spectral range by increasing a work
function value from 4.8 (for pristine SWCNTs) to 6.0 eV. The proposed approach allows
efficient, uniform, and reproducible fabrication of highly conductive and transparent SWCNT
films and opens an avenue for precise tailoring of SWCNT Fermi level for optoelectronic
devices.
This work is supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the RussianFederation (project no. FZSR-2020-0007 in the framework of the state assignment no. 075-032020-097/1) and the Council on grants of Russian Federation grant number НШ-1330.2022.1.3.

Figure. Transmittance and sheet resistance of SWCNT films measured in different points after dip-coating of
SWCNT film into 30 mM HAuCl4 solution at 300 mm/min.
References
Orysia T. Zaremba, Anastasia E. Goldt, Eldar M. Khabushev, Anton S. Anisimov, Albert G. Nasibulin (2022) Highly
efficient doping of carbon nanotube films with chloroauric acid by dip-coating. Materials Science and Engineering:
B 278, 115648.

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P079
HOW TO MODEL OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF VERTICAL AND
HORIZONTAL HETEROSTRUCTURES ?
B. Majerus 1, P. Kockaert 2, L. Henrard 1,*
1

University of Namur - Namur (Belgium), 2Université libre de Bruxelles - Brussels (Belgium)*email: luc.henrard@unamur.be

2D materials offer a large variety of electromagnetic properties that have been broadly
investigated from visible light to microwaves. These properties can be tuned by nanostructuring
as in nanodots or nanoribbons. Corrugation is also a manner to engineer the visible frequency
response of graphene by an enhancement of the confinement of charge carriers and the excitationof plasmons, as evidenced by SERS measurements [1]2D materials can also be combined to form heterostructures to expand the possibility tomanipulate the interaction of light at the nanoscale. These heterostructures can be vertical(stacked 2D materials) or lateral (network of nanoribbons). In this work, starting from themicroscopic description of the dielectric response function, we define effective medium surface
susceptibilities to model the optical response of the vertical and horizontal hererostructures.
Vertical heterostructures effective response are based on a new model that reconcile the current
sheet model and the thin film approach to account for single 2D layer. In our approach each layer
is described by a kind of transfer matrix with intrinsic surface susceptibility that do not depend on
the external medium [2]For vertical heterostructures, we demonstrate the counter-intuitive result that very thin (comparedto the wavelength) systems display an in-plane isotropy despite the ribbon-like structure where
thick systems display the expected in-plane anistropy. [3]For both vertical and horizontal heterostructures, our effective model is compared with ab-initio
calculations and electromagnetic model that fully account of the nanoscale structure forgraphene/BN heterostructures.

(a) Schematic view of the unit cell of a horizontal heterostructure of 2D materials b) unit cell

References[1] G. Dobrick et al. “Large-area nanoengineering of graphene corrugations for visible-frequency graphene
plasmons”. Nature Nanotechnology 17, 61 (2022)[2] B. Majerus, L. Henrard, P. Kockaert. “Large-area nanoengineering of graphene corrugations for visiblefrequency graphene plasmons”. Phys. Rev. B 107, 045429 (2023)[3] B. Majerus, E. Guillaume, P. Kockaert, L. Henrard. In preparation

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P080
HYPERSPECTRAL MICROSCOPY DETECTION OF THE
FLUORESCENCE SHIFT BETWEEN ENANTIOMERS OF EMPTY AND
WATER-FILLED SINGLE-WALL CARBON NANOTUBES
W. Wenseleers 1,*, M. Erkens 1, M.A. Lopez Carrillo 1, B. Botka 1, Z. Zahiri 1, S. Cambré 1,
J.G. Duque 2
2

1
Physics Department, University of Antwerp - Antwerp (Belgium)
Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy (C-PCS), Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory - Los
Alamos, Nm (United States)*email: wim.wenseleers@uantwerpen.be

The remarkably chiral-structure-dependent properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) are also strongly influenced by their internal and external environment, which cantherefore be investigated through optical spectroscopy.[1,2] In order to study this influence indetail, we developed a hyperspectral IR fluorescence imaging setup based on a microscope with aliquid crystal tunable filter. By resolving the spectra of individual SWCNTs, and even along thelength of SWCNTs, the effect of inhomogeneous broadening is largely eliminated, and spectral
details can be resolved which are inaccessible in bulk spectroscopy. An automated image
processing scheme is used to obtain statistics on large numbers of individual SWCNTs. In
particular, we show that not only the spectral shift in emission between empty and water-filled[1]chirality sorted SWCNTs can be resolved, but even separate emission peaks are observed for theleft- and right-handed enantiomers, which interact slightly differently with the chiral surfactant
with which they are coated. The approach is particularly promising for the quantification ofenantio-selective separation results.

References[1] W. Wenseleers et al., Adv. Mater. 19, 2274 (2007); S. Cambré and W. Wenseleers, Angew. Chem. 50, 2764
(2011); S. Cambré et al., ACS Nano 6, 2649 (2012).
[2] J. Campo et al., ACS Nano 2021, 15, 2301−2317.

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P081
IDENTIFICATION OF PHONONIC PROPERTIES OF CONFINEDCARBYNE BY RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY AND FIRST PRINCIPLECALCULATIONS
E. Parth 1,*, C. Schuster 1, T. Pichler 1, D. Romani 2, M. Calandra Buonaura 3, K. Yanagi 4,
C. Freytag 1, S. Lei 5, W. Cui 5
University of Vienna - Vienna (Austria)
Polytech - Paris-Saclay - Paris (France)
3
University of Trento - Trento (Italy)
4
Tokyo Metropolitan University - Tokio (Japan)
5
School of Materials Science & Engineering - Sun Yat-Sen (China)*email: emil.parth@univie.ac.at1

2

Carbyne is a true one dimensional allotrope of carbon, consisting of an ideally infinitely long
chain. In theory, this material yields outstanding mechanical, optical and electronical properties.
This one dimensional material is highly Raman active, and it is possible to synthesize it inside
DWCNT [1][2] thus naming it confined carbyne (CC). Resonant Raman experiments reveal newfeatures regarding an unusual specific line shape response of the G-Line from CC@CNT which isso far not understood. We aim to reproduce these features theoretically by ab initio methods[3][4] and consequently identify the interaction types ocurring in the framework of coupledmodes. Experimentally, we utilize functionalizion [5] by altering the stepwise sythesis [6] of
CC@CNT which allows us to isolate specific physical interactions occurring in this interface
system. The parallel comparison of theory and experiament will allow us to fully uncover thephonoic spectrum of confined carbyne alongside with its interactions to the surrounding tubes.

References[1] W. Cui et al Angewandte Chemie (2021). DOI:10.1002/anie.202017356[2] Lei Shi et al. Nature Materials, (2016). DOI: 10.1038/nmat4617[3] P. Giannozzi et al J. Phys.: Condens. Matter (2009). DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/39/395502[4] L. Monacelli et al J. Phys.: Condens. Matter (2021). DOI: 10.1088/1361-648X/ac066b[5] W. Cui et al,, Adv. Funct. Mat. 32, 2206491 (2022) DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202206491[6] L. Shi et al., NanoLett. 21, 1096 (2021); DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04482
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon
2020 research and innovation program (MORE-TEM ERC-SYN project, grant agreement No 951215)

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P082
IMPACT OF MOLECULAR DOPING ON SOLUTION-SYNTHESIZEDGRAPHENE NANORIBBONS
S. Lindenthal 1,*, D. Fazzi 2, N.F. Zorn 1, J. Hellmann 1, S. Settele 1, J.L. Blackburn 3,
A.J. Ferguson 3, J. Zaumseil 1
Heidelberg University - Heidelberg (Germany)
2
University Bologna - Bologna (Italy)3
National Renewable Energy Laboratory - Golden (United States)*email: s.lindenthal@pci.uni-heidelberg.de
1

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are graphene-based one-dimensional nanomaterials thatexhibit unique optical and electronic properties depending on their width and edge type. Precise
control over these structural parameters has been achieved in recent years by means of bottom-up
synthesis. Yet, the investigation of their intrinsic optical and electronic properties, especially ofsolution-synthesized GNRs, has been limited by their poor dispersion stability and processability.
Here we show that simple bath sonication of solution-synthesized 9-armchair GNRs with
branched alkyl sidechains in organic solvents such as toluene and THF yields dispersions that arestable over several months. Liquid cascade centrifugation (LCC) of these dispersions gives
several fractions corresponding to the applied relative centrifugal fields with slightly different
optical and electronic properties. Here, we investigate the (transient) absorption and emission
properties of individual GNRs (at cryogenic temperatures) as well as local and macroscopic
charge carrier mobilities in dispersions and thin films depending on processing conditions,electrochemical and molecular doping. The interpretation of spectral shape and doping induced
optical features is supported by time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT).

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P083
IMPROVING THE MECHANICAL STRENGTH OF CARBON
NANOTUBE FIBERS BY COMBINED TREATMENT OF HEATING AND
ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATED
H. Inoue 1,*, T. Fujimori 1, T. Onoki 1, D. Tanioka 1, T. Hikata 1, S. Okubo 1, S. Jeong 2,
K. Akada 2, J.I. Fujita 2
1

Sumitomo Electric Industries - Osaka (Japan)
2
University of Tsukuba - Tsukuba (Japan)*email: inoue-hirotaka@sei.co.jp

Carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers, which consists of a numerous number of CNTs, are expected
to be applied to the light-weight structural materials due to its mechanical tolerance. Recently,
high strong CNT fibers with high density and good alignment have been produced by wetspinning method, and its density and alignment have almost reached to the theoretical limit [1].
Therefore, in order to fabricate stronger CNT fibers, it is necessary to develop methods to more
finely control the structure among CNT bundles. In this study, we demonstrate an effective
method to improve CNT fiber strength by combining the heat-treatment and electron beam (EB)irradiation. Commercially available pristine CNT fibers made by wet-spinning were purchasedfrom DexMat (USA). Pristine CNT fibers are annealed at 1000-1800°C for 80 s in a nitrogen
atmosphere, and at the same time, it is irradiated with an EB at an accelerate voltage of 400 kV
and an irradiation dose of 10-200 kGy. Figure 1 shows the tensile strength of CNT fibers before
and after treatments. Tensile strength of CNT fiber was increased by 1.2 times after 1200°C heattreatment. Furthermore, the combined treatment of heating and EB irradiation increased thestrength of CNT fiber to 3.1 GPa (approximately twice that of pristine). Raman spectroscopy
suggested a relationship between fiber strength and the amount of sp2 carbon flakes generated in
the CNT bundles, and it is clearly indicating the importance of interfacial modification among
CNT bundles by post-treatment for improving macroscopic fiber strength. This work was
supported by Innovative Science and Technology Initiative for Security, ATLA, Japan (Grant
Number JPJ004596).

Figure 1. Tensile strength of CNT fibers before and after Joule-heating and/or EB irradiation.
References[1] T. Watanabe et al., “Comprehensive Characterization of Structural, Electrical, and Mechanical Properties ofCarbon Nanotube Yarns Produced by Various Spinning Methods.” Nanomaterials 12, 593 (2022).

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P084
COLLECTIVE RADIAL BREATHING VIBRATIONS INHOMOGENEOUS CARBON NANOTUBE BUNDLES
C. Berrezueta-Palacios 1,*, N. Dekel 2, A. Wroblewska 3, O. Garrity 1, H. Li 4, B.S. Flavel 4,
E. Joselevich 2, S. Reich 1, G. Gordeev 51
Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin - Berlin (Germany)
Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science - Rehovot (Israel)
3
Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa - Warsaw (Poland)
4
Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 - EggensteinLeopoldshafen (Germany)
5
Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg - Belvaux (Luxembourg)*email: charlotte.berrezueta@gmail.com
2

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are well known for being building blocks for films, ropes, andyarns with outstanding properties, where the degree of bundling plays a crucial role. The degreeof bundling can be determined by the collective vibrational modes. When identical CNTs arearranged into two-dimensional hexagonal lattices, their vibrational properties are predicted tochange and additional low-frequency modes are expected in the Raman spectrum [1]. Up to now,the experimental study of collective vibrations has been limited by a lack of pure homogeneouschirality bundles. We have established a self-coiling mechanism to produce such samples by
CVD, where CNTs get arranged into coils and comprise perfectly aligned homologous bundles
with a radial shape[2,3]. By characterizing and comparing the physical properties of the coil withrespect to its tails, the bundling effects are clearly visible. In such structures, we observe twobreathing-like modes RBM(B1) and RBM(B2) in contrast to the single radial breathing modecharacteristic for isolated tubes. We investigate the exciton-phonon coupling for these modes
with resonant Raman spectroscopy finding the same resonance energy for both BM peaks andconfirming that both modes originate from the same chirality bundle. Additionally, we study thetube’s diameter dependence of vibrational coupling by analyzing different tube diameter coils
and other bundling geometries. We compare our experimental findings with a theoretical latticedynamical study of infinite bundles of identical tubes. These results provide an insight into intratube lattice dynamics in CNTs bundles for a better understanding of collective vibrational effects.

Raman spectroscopy of the RBM of carbon nanotube coil. a) Raman spectra for tail and b) coil (isolated-bundles
effects). The peaks originating from collective vibrations are observed by RBM(B1) and RBM(B2).
References[1] Popov, V.N.et al. Physical Review B, (2001) 63(23), p.233407.
[2] Shadmi, N. et al. 2016, 16(4), pp.2152-2158.
[3] Nakar, Det et al. 2019. Nano Letters, 20(2), pp.953-962.

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P085
IN-LINE BROADBAND PHARMA IMAGING WITH CARBON
NANOTUBE SCANNERS
Y. Kinoshita 1,*, S. Hirokawa 1, K. Li 2, D. Sakai 1, Y. Matsuzaki 1, Y. Aoshima 1, R. Ota 1,
D. Shikichi 1, Y. Kawano 3
1
Chuo University - Tokyo (Japan)
Tokyo Institute of Technology - Tokyo (Japan)
3
Chuo University, Tokyo Institute of Technology, National Institute of Informatics - Tokyo (Japan)*email: a18.r8js@g.chuo-u.ac.jp
2

In recent years, the demand for nondestructive testing (NDT) is growing enormously, and one
typical example is the testing of pharmaceuticals. Optical imaging is effective for pharmaceutical
testing, especially the use of infrared (IR) and millimeter-wave (MMW) light, as each material
exhibits different transmission properties [1]. In this study, a highly sensitive IR-MMW
broadband imaging device [2] is used to perform basic NDT of pharmaceuticals by multiwavelength measurement in these bands (Fig. 1a). In these bands, carbon nanotube (CNT) films
are well known for their highly efficient absorption. Herein, multi-wavelength sensing in broad
IR–MMW bands enables contamination testing and identification of non-metallic materials is
now possible based on differences in transmittance.
Fig. 1b shows an example of the pill sample (100 mg sedative) used in this study. The pillcontains a piece of plastic and is difficult to identify visually. In the figure, the location indicatedin red is the contaminant. In contrast, Fig. 1c shows the results of dual-wavelength imaging at
mid-infrared (MIR) and terahertz (THz) bands of the sample. In the MIR image, the contaminant
was visualized. This is due to the lower MIR transmittance of the plastic pieces compared to thepill. On the other hand, in the THz image, the edge of the contaminant is visualized due totransmittance attenuation caused by scattering, but the contaminant itself is transmitted. Thismeans that the MIR image alone indicates that the contaminant is potentially metallic. However,the contaminant can be identified as a non-metallic material by evaluation in combination with
THz imaging. Therefore, the imaging device used in this study operates in the ultra-broadband
from visible light to MMW and may further identify the composition of the pills.

a, Conceptional schematic. b, Photograph of a pharma pill to be inspected. The pill and contamination consist ofpotassium bromide and polytetrafluoroethylene. c, MIR and THz images, being obtained with 0.1 mm scan.
References[1] K. Li, et al. Nat. Commun. 12, 3009, 2021.
[2] K. Li, et al. Sci. Adv. 8, 19, eabm4349, 2022.

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P086
IN-SITU ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBER SEPARATOR ENABLINGFOLDING-RESISTANT COAXIAL FIBER-SUPERCAPACITOR MODULE
Y. Cao 1*, Y. Zhang 1, Q. Li 1
1

Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China - Suzhou(China)*email: caoyufang2018@sinanonc.cn

Mechanically strengthened fiber-supercapacitors (FSCs) are urgently needed in wearable
electronics to adapt frequent severe deformations. However, current bendable FSCs using gelelectrolyte as separator are easily short-circuited under harsh folding due to the limited
stretchability of gel polymer. Herein, a folding-resistant coaxial FSC, for the first time, wasfabricated through in-situ electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers as separator on
fiber electrode (Fig.1), thus effectively avoiding the short-circuit risk under highly localized
stretching, compressing and folding. Moreover, such “epitaxial growth” ultrathin (~ 1 µm) PAN
separator possesses high porosity, favorable strength and seamless contact with fiber electrode,enabling fast ion transport and decreased internal resistance of FSCs. Coupled with robust
polyaniline/carbon nanotube (PANI/CNT) composite as model electrodes, our fabricated coaxial
symmetric FSC exhibits outstanding structural folding-resistance without electrochemical failure.
Amazingly, using such in-situ encapsulated separator, the as-assembled coaxial integrated series
or parallel devices with higher output voltage and energy density still exhibit excellent foldable
property, suggesting great practical potential.

Schematic illustration. Schematic illustration, structures and folding-resistance of the coaxial fiber-supercapacitors.
References[1] Yufang Cao, Yongyi Zhang*, Qingwen Li*, et al., Energy Storage Materials, 2022, 49, 102-110.
[2] Zhengpeng Yang, Yongyi Zhang*, Qingwen Li*, et al., Energy Storage Materials, 2023, 54, 51-59[3] Zhengpeng Yang, Yongyi Zhang*, Qingwen Li*, et al., Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 400, 125835.

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P087
INDIVIDUAL CARBON NANOTUBE PHOTOTRANSISTORS AND
BIONANOHYBRIDS VIA PHOTOCHEMICAL PATTERNING ON A CHIP
A. Emelianov 1, I. Bobrinetskiy 2,*
1

University of Jyväskylä - Jyväskylä (Finland), 2Biosense Institute - Novi Sad (Serbia)*email: bobrinet@biosense.rs

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based electronic circuits technology is actively developing using
contemporary achievements in CVD growth and CMOS. Optical interconnection is considered as
the next step in photonic integrated circuits. The CNT-based technology provides a new level of
optoelectronic devices combining both the new chemistry of nanotubes and their uniqueproperties to functionalization. The functionalization of carbon nanotubes is a promising way toincrease the optical sensitivity of optoelectronic nanometer-scale devices. Utilized a uniquelithography approach based on photochemical processing, a fast and easy technique formodification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) for novel optoelectronic devices wasdeveloped.
We have investigated two photochemical concepts of individual SWCNT modification: (i) basedon ultrafast laser processing via two-photon local oxidation and (ii) engineered protein
attachment based on phenyl azide photochemistry. It results in a novel approach of
semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes conversion to different types of optoelectronic
devices either through tuning laser irradiation dose or through the proper/specific adsorption siteof a green fluorescent protein (GFP). The fabrication of optoelectronic junctions in the fieldeffect transistors based on individual SWCNT drastically increases the photoresponse of suchdevices. The selective wavelength photoresponsivity of the SWCNT/GFP structures reaches thevalue of more than 103A W-1 at 470 nm per single SWCNT at 1 V bias voltage [1]. For ultrafast
laser processed nanotubes, we demonstrated the conversion of its type from quasi-metallic tosemiconducting nanotube with an energy barrier of about 60 meV [2]. The photochemicallytuned SWCNT-based transistors with induced optoelectronic response can be applied to detectextremely small light intensities with high spatial and spectral resolution in photovoltaics,
integrated circuits, and telecommunication applications.
This work was supported in part by projects funded from European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme: ANTARES, under grant agreement No. 664387(https://doi.org/10.3030/739570).

References[1] Gwyther, R.E., Nekrasov, N.P., Emelianov, A.V., Nasibulin, A.G., Ramakrishnan, K., Bobrinetskiy, I. and Jones,
D.D., 2022. Differential Bio‐Optoelectronic Gating of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes by Varying the Covalent
Attachment Residue of a Green Fluorescent Protein. Advanced Functional Materials, 32(22), p.2112374.
[2] Emelianov, A.V., Nekrasov, N.P., Moskotin, M.V., Fedorov, G.E., Otero, N., Romero, P.M., Nevolin, V.K.,
Afinogenov, B.I., Nasibulin, A.G. and Bobrinetskiy, I.I., 2021. Individual SWCNT Transistor with Photosensitive
Planar Junction Induced by Two‐Photon Oxidation. Advanced Electronic Materials, 7(3), p.2000872.

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P088
INDUSTRIAL APPROACHES FOR INCREASING THE PRODUCTIONCAPACITY OF DIRECT-SPUN CARBON NANOTUBE FIBERS
J. Choi 1, S. Ha 1, S. Ghim 1, K. Jeong 1*
1

Center for Materials Research and Development, aweXome Ray Inc. - Anyang, Gyeonggi-Do 14056(Korea, Republic of)*email: keunsoo.jeong@awexomeray.com

There have been many efforts to utilize carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) in various
applications due to their high mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Among the
fabrication methods, the floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD)-based direct
spinning has been widely employed for continuous production of CNTF. However, this method
allows for the formation of only a single CNTF from a reactor at a time, resulting in the limited
productivity. In general, CNTFs with a large linear density (normally ranging from 6-8 tex) are
regarded as favorable for improving production capacity in the direct spinning [1, 2]. However,despite the benefits in the production capacity, the thick CNTFs displayed relatively reduced
intrinsic properties compared to thinner ones. Here, we explore a desirable approach to this issue
by preparing CNTFs of various linear densities using the direct spinning method and comparing
their characteristics. Further, we prepared braided yarns from thin CNTFs with a small linear
density and compared their characteristics to a single CNTF with a large linear density. Taken
together, we aim to derive a promising research direction for scale expansion in CNTF
production.

References[1] Fiona Smail, Adam Boies, Alan Windle, Direct spinning of CNT fibres: Past, present and future scale up,
Carbon. 152, (2019) 218-232.
[2] Dong-Myeong Lee, Junbeom Park, Jaegeun Lee, Sung-Hyun Lee, Shin-Hyun Kim, Seung Min Kim, Hyeon Su
Jeong, Improving mechanical and physical properties of ultra-thick carbon nanotube fiber by fast swelling andstretching process, Carbon. 172, (2021), 733-741.

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P089
INFLUENCE OF PHONON SCATTERING ON CURRENT
FLUCTUATION IN CNTS
A. Sumiyoshi 1*, K. Ishizeki 1, K. Sasaoka 1, T. Yamamoto 1
1

Tokyo Univ. of Science - Tokyo (Japan)*email: 1222527@ed.tus.ac.jp

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known to exhibit interesting quantum transport phenomena.
Indeed, our recent theoretical study has shown that the electrical resistance of metallic CNTs
exhibits a nonlinear behavior, neither the quantum resistance (R=h/4e2) nor ohmic resistance(R∝L) [1]. On the other hand, nonequilibrium current fluctuations in CNTs have not been studied
thus far, and their understanding is important from the standpoint of basic science such as
quantum transport physics and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, not to mention theirimportance in applications. In this study, we develop a new simulation method to calculate timedependent current and apply it to metallic CNTs. Figure 1 shows time-dependent current flowing
through (5,5) CNTs with various lengths. We can see that the steady-state current (i.e., averaged
current) decreases with increasing the tube length L, as the electron-phonon scattering events
increase. From these time-dependent current data, we estimated the nonequilibrium current
fluctuation of (5,5) CNTs with various length in terms of the variance of current defined by
σ2=〈(J-〈J〉)2 〉. As a result, we found that σ2 shows the maximum when L is closed to the mean
free path, that is 𝐿𝐿 ≈ 𝐿𝐿m. In fact, the σ2 at L=251nm near the mean free path is much larger thanthat at L=21nm (ballistic transport regime) and L=1,003nm (diffusive transport regime) as shownin Figure 1. In this presentation, we will explain the physical origin of appearance of the
maximum current fluctuation around 𝐿𝐿 ≈ 𝐿𝐿m. In addition, we calculated the skewness (i.e.,
asymmetry) of current fluctuation defined by S=〈(J-〈J〉)3 〉/σ3. Interestingly, the skewness exhibits
the maximum when L is several times the mean free path. Details will be discussed in thepresentation.

Time-dependent current in (5,5) CNT

References[1] K. Ishizeki, K. Sasaoka, S. Konabe, S. Souma and T. Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. B 96, 035428 (2017).

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P090
INFLUENCE OF WATER CONCENTRATION ON THE GROWTHKINETICS AND M/SC SELECTIVITY OF INDIVIDUAL SWCNTS FROMIN SITU OPTICAL MICROSCOPY
E.A. Zamudio Medina 1,*, V. Pimonov 2, S. Tahir 2, E. Anglaret 2, V. Jourdain 2
1
2

Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier - Montpellier (France)
Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier - Montpellier (France)*email: eira-anais.zamudio-medina@umontpellier.fr

Chiral selective synthesis of SWCNTs has been one of the main drawbacks that have hindered
their application, specially in electronics, where high chiral purity is required. The control ofchirality, length and density of synthesized CNTs has been studied by varying synthesis
parameters, such as catalyst systems, temperature, pressure, carbon precursors and etchants [1].
Here, we studied the influence of pressure of the etchant (water) on the SWCNT growth kinetics
during alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD). A water-assisted CVD coupled withan in situ optical imaging set-up was used. Homodyne polarization microscopy was used for
imaging long aligned individual SWCNTs during their growth, as reported in [2]. To study therole of etching on the kinetics and M/SC selectivity of SWCNT growth, we performed asystematic study of the influence of water vapor concentration between 150 ppm and 1220 ppm.
The influence of water concentration on the incubation time, the growth rate and the growth
lifetime will be presented. We will also report on the influence of water concentration on theprobability of etching events, the etching rate and the duration of etching.

References[1] ZHOU, Weiwei, et al. General rules for selective growth of enriched semiconducting single walled carbon
nanotubes with water vapor as in situ etchant. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012, vol. 134, no 34, p.
14019-14026.
[2] PIMONOV, Vladimir, et al. Dynamic instability of individual carbon nanotube growth revealed by in situ
homodyne polarization microscopy. Nano Letters, 2021, vol. 21, no 19, p. 8495-8502.

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P091
INFRARED LUMINESCENCE OF BLACK PHOSPHORUS AT LOW
TEMPERATURE: EFFECTS OF EXFOLIATION, CONFINEMENT AND
ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING
E. Carré 1,*, L. Sponza 2, A. Lusson 3, I. Stenger 3, S. Roux 1, V. Zatko 4, B. Dlubak 4, P. Seneor 4,
E. Gaufrès 5, A. Loiseau 2, J. Barjon 3
1

LEM/GEMaC - Chatillon/versailles (France)
2
LEM - Chatillon (France)
3
GEMaC - Versailles (France)
4
UMPhy - Palaiseau (France)
5
LP2N - Bordeaux (France)*email: etienne.carre-ext@onera.fr

Atomic layers of Black Phosphorus (BP) have been recently isolated, ten years after
graphene. Among 2D materials, BP presents unique properties: atomic layers have a direct
bandgap that can be tuned by the layer number. They interact with light in a wide range of
wavelengths from visible (monolayer) to mid-infrared (bulk). This singularity makes it difficult
to have an overview of the optical properties of the material, especially in the infrared range
where luminescence is more difficult to investigate.
Here we present a photoluminescence study of BP starting from bulk crystal to thin layers. Firstthe luminescence signal of the crystal is presented at 2K and the analysis of its fine structure
allows us to highlight an intrinsic excitonic signature as well as to refine the a bandgap energy
value at cryogenic temperature[1]. Then we show that after exfoliation, the crystal loses its finestructure in favor of a broad band, repeatedly observed in the recent literature[2,3], and probably
correlated to the incorporation of defects during the process. The luminescence is then measured
with respect to the thickness of the samples (4 nm to 1000 nm) and analyzed using a classicalquantum well model. Finally, and by studying different heterostructures (BP/Al2O3,
hBN/BP/hBN), we will establish the existence of an intermediate regime, between that of theatomic layers and the crystal, where the luminescence is dependent on quantum confinement
effects and, at the same time, independent of the dielectric environment[4].

References[1] Carré, E. et al. Excitons in bulk black phosphorus evidenced by photoluminescence at low temperature. 2D
Mater. 8, 021001 (2021).
[2] Chen, C. et al. Bright Mid-Infrared Photoluminescence from Thin-Film Black Phosphorus. Nano Lett. 19, 1488–
1493 (2019).
[3] Zhang, Y. et al. Wavelength‐Tunable Mid‐Infrared Lasing from Black Phosphorus Nanosheets. Adv. Mater. 32,
1808319 (2020).
[4] Carré, E. et al. Quantum well confinement and competitive radiative pathways in the luminescence of black
phosphorus layers. (2022) doi:10.48550/ARXIV.2212.01073.

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P092
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND MAPPING METHOD USINGMULTILAYER-GRAPHENE MICROEMITTERS
Y. Shimura 1*, K. Nakagawa 1, S. Matano 1, H. Maki 1
Keio University - Kanagawa (Japan)*email: shimura.yui@az.appi.keio.ac.jp
1

Infrared spectroscopy, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), is an analysis
used in various fields; however, the spatial resolution is limited by diffraction limits in analyticalsystems using focusing systems such as lenses and mirrors. In addition, the light sources used are
millimeter-sized, and the modulation speed is slow (~10 Hz). We developed an IR spectroscopy
system using multilayer graphene as a light source for FTIR. Carbon-based thermoluminescentdevices, like the multilayer-graphene microemitters, have broadband spectra based on blackbody
radiation [1-3]. Furthermore, we found that the multilayer-graphene microemitters have amodulation performance above 50 kHz and can be reduced in size to a few hundred nm [4]. Our
spectroscopy method directly brings graphene and the material to be measured into proximity toeach other, thus eliminating the need for lenses or mirrors between the emitter and the sample.
We have demonstrated that this spectroscopy method can identify the location of organic
compounds, such as polymer materials, by mapping measurements [4]. We demonstrated that the
spatial resolution of the mapping measurement of ~1 µm is feasible [4]. This method is morestraightforward than atomic force microscopy-IR (AFM-IR) or scattering scanning near-field
optical microscopy (s-SNOM). This method will enable the development of analytical methods
that significantly contribute to chemistry, drug discovery, and biology. This work was partially
supported by Mirai Program (JPMJMI22G6), JST-Spring (JPMJSP2123) and A-STEP(JPMJTR20R4, JPMJTR221B) from JST, KAKENHI (23686055, 18K19025, and 20H02210)
from JSPS, The Keio University Doctorate Student Grant-in-Aid Program from Ushioda
Memorial Fund, Spintronics Research Network of Japan, the Core-to-Core program from JSPS,
and NIMS Nanofabrication Platform in Nanotechnology Platform Project by MEXT.

Fig 1. A schematic image of multilayer-graphene microemitters and the method of the IR analysis system.
References[1] T. Mori et al., Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 3277.
[2] M. Fujiwara et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 2013, 103, 143122[3] Y. Miyoshi et al., Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 1279.
[4] K. Nakagawa et al., Nano Lett. 2022, 22, 8, 3236

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P093
INKJET-BASED BROADBAND CAMERA SHEETS WITH CARBON
NANOTUBES
D. Sakai 1,*, Y. Aoshima 1, Y. Matsuzaki 1, S. Yasui 2, K. Li 2, K. Yukio 1
Chuo University - Tokyo (Japan)
Tokyo Institute of Technology - Tokyo (Japan)*email: a17.rx5w@g.chuo-u.ac.jp
1

2

CNTs-related materials have excellent physical and chemical properties and, can be adaptablefor various applications including solar cells and capacitors. Furthermore, CNT films exhibit
flexibility and broadband photo-absorption properties, making them suitable for stereoscopic
imaging by employing CNT films as photo-thermoelectric imagers[1]. On the other hand, from theviewpoint of imaging usage, fine integration is essential to facilitate high-resolution visualization,
video capturing applications, and so on. The viscosity of CNT solution varies depending on the
CNT mass concentration in the liquid, and the drawing accuracy by inkjet printing differs
accordingly (Fig. 1a). From the viewpoint of the electromagnetic wave absorption coefficient, thematerial exhibits broadband absorption characteristics regardless of the CNT solution
concentration (Fig. 1b). In the THz region, in particular, absorption rate significantly increases
with higher concentrations of the CNT solution, indicating the possibility of high-sensitive
imaging device operations. Inkjet printing processes advantageously enable mechanicalalignment of respective device materials. Simultaneously, this paper clarified that the use ofhigher viscosity CNT solution for printing maintains fundamental performances of theconventional flexible and broadband PTE imager[2].

Fig. 1. a, Comparison of inkjet printing accuracy of devices by CNT solution concentration. The support substrates
are membrane, PI film, and glass, respectively. Scale bar: 8 mm. b, Comparison of Electromagnetic wave absorptionof CNT solution by Mass Concentration.

References[1] K. Li, et al. Nature Communications 12, 3009 (2021).
[2] K. Li, D. Suzuki, Y. Kawano, Advanced Photonics Research 2, 3, 2000095 (2021).

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P094
INTERCALATION OF DWCNT FIBERS WITH LONG-RANGE
ORDERED BROMINE SPECIES
C. Madrona 1,*, S. Hong 2, D. Lee 2, J. García-Pérez 3, J.M. Guevara-Vela 1, A. Mikhalchan 1,
J.J. Vilatela 1
IMDEA Materials - Madrid (Spain)
KIST - Jeonju (Korea, Republic of)
3
IMDEA Nanoscience - Madrid (Spain)*email: cristina.1100@hotmail.com
1

2

Improvements in the control of alignment, packing, polydispersity, and metallicity of
constituent CNTs in macroscopic films and fibers offer an attractive library of high property
CNT-based materials [1]. The most gentle and efficient way of increasing electrical conductivityof carbon nanotubes is intercalation, consisting on adding dopants in the channels created bypacked CNTs (similar to graphite intercalation compounds), which shifts the Fermi level without
introducing structural modifications nor significant weight. An interesting result herein shown for
the first time is that highly dense and aligned CNT fibers can be intercalated throughout thewhole section and length of the fiber [2]. This achievement is demonstrated for vapor phaseintercalation of bromine in DWCNT fibers, where a homogeneous distribution of dopant in thechannels is accomplished (as shown in Figure 1.a) despite the difficulties for its entrance inbundles of such cross-sections (~50-1000 nanotubes) and length. Furthermore, long range orderof Br species is found (as confirmed by WAXS patterns and DFT simulations), with neutral andanionic chains interacting among them and with the CNT walls (see Figures 1.b,c). The Br2/Br3–
intercalated CNT fibers present an increase of nearly one order of magnitude in room temperature
conductivity, reaching ~10.7 MS/m, and which results stable in ambient conditions and uponannealing at relatively high temperatures (up to ~280℃). Through transport measurements down
to cryogenic temperatures, the main contribution to the increase in electrical conductivity is
attributed to a diminished barrier height for conduction between CNT junctions.

Figure 1. Structure of Br-intercalated DWCNT fibers. a) STEM micrograph in HAADF mode showing bromineintercalated in the channels, and with no encapsulated dopant. b) WAXS pattern showing ordered domains ofbromine species. c) Detailed sideview of one of the ordered arrangements formed by Br species at a concentration of
26.1 wt% (close to the experimental value).

References[1] Bulmer, J. S., Kaniyoor, A., & Elliott, J. A. (2021). Advanced Materials, 33(36), 2008432.
[2] Madrona, C., Hong, S., Lee, D., García-Pérez, J., Guevara-Vela, J. M., ... & Vilatela, J. J. (2023). Carbon, 204,
211-218.

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P095
INVESTIGATION OF FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS BASED ON
INDIVIDUAL AND ALIGNED CARBON/BORON NITRIDE NANOTUBES
K. Otsuka 1*, T. Sugihara 1, S. Matsushita 1, W. Jia 1, K. Kittipaisalsilpa 1, M. Lee 1, R. Xiang 1,
S. Chiashi 1, S. Maruyama 1
1

The University of Tokyo - Tokyo (Japan)*email: otsuka@photon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be used in ultrascaled fieldeffect transistors (FETs) without suffering from short-channel effects due to their thinness. Forenergy-efficient operation, subthreshold swing (SS) and hysteresis must be minimized, which canbe improved by a large gate capacitance and a low interface state density. Considering thesignificant reduction of interface state densities in MoS2 FETs through encapsulation by
hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) [1], we expect that the wrapping of CNTs with hBN nanotubes(BNNTs) also leads to a superb switching and suppressed hysteresis in CNT-FETs. Here, wefabricate FETs using single or aligned CNT@BNNTs as channels to evaluate the potential ofsuch heterostructures [2]. We synthesize isolated CNTs across micropillars, whereas the arrays ofsuspended CNTs are prepared by the anthracene-assisted dry transfer method. After growing
BNNTs, we transfer the CNT@BNNTs onto flat Si/SiO2 substrates for following fabrication
steps. An AFM image of a typical CNT@BNNT array is shown in Fig. 1a. After an e-beamlithography process to define source and drain contacts, we etched surrounding BNNTs using
XeF2 gas [3], whereas CNTs were only fluorinated. Back-gate FETs were fabricated by thedeposition of Ti/Au (insets of Fig. 1b,c). Figure 1b shows the transfer curve of a device withaligned CNT@BNNTs. Near-zero hysteresis is achieved as a result of thick BNNT coating (~7nm). To explore the potential of such heterostructures in terms of switching behaviors, we alsomeasure the transfer curves for a single CNT@BNNT as a channel (Fig. 1c). Despite the thickgate dielectric (~100 nm) with low dielectric constant, typical SS values are ~100 mV/dec,corresponding to the interface state capacitance of ~0.25 pF/cm.

Figure 1. (a) AFM image of aligned CNT@BNNTs. (b) Hysteresis-free transfer curves of FETs with aligned
CNT@BNNTs as channels. (c) Representative transfer curves of individual tube-based FETs with a CNT@BNNT(upper) and a CNT (lower).
References[1] Q. Vu et al. 2D Materials, 5, 031001 (2018).
[2] S. Matsushita et al. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, online (2023). DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22964[3] J. Son et al. Nat. Commun., 9, 3988 (2018).

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P096
IONANOFLUIDS – MERGING IONIC LIQUID AND CARBON
NANOMATERIALS TOWARD SUPERLUBRICITY
S. Ruczka 1,*, Ł. Wojciechowski 2, M. Skrzypek 2, R. Jędrysiak 1, S. Boncel 1
1

Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Centre for Organic andNanohybrid Electronics - Gliwice (Poland)
2
Poznan University of Technology, Institute of the Machines & Motor Vehicles - Poznań (Poland)*email: szymon.ruczka@polsl.pl

Lubricants from the beginning of civilization help us reducing energy consumption in thefriction joints. The development of advanced tribology could reduce CO2 equivalent emissions
by 1460 million tones and thus save EUR 450 billion. Different tribopairs such as metal-polymer
or polymer-polymer require specific lubes dedicated to their construction.[1] With an excellent
combination of properties, ionic liquids (ILs) emerge as promising candidates for the lubricants
while their amalgamation with carbon nanomaterials – such as CNTs, graphene, CQDs etc. –yielding IoNanoFluids (INFs), can lead to superlubricity.[2] This phenomenon is a tribologicalregime described by a coefficient of friction (COF) <0.01. Here, we demonstrate that INFs basedon ILs physicochemically compatible with CNTs (of a required morphology and surface
chemistry) bring us closer to INFs displaying superlubricity in the metal-polymer tribopairs.[3]Schematic representation of IoNanoFluids. Schematic representation of IoNanoFluid in tribology mechanism

References[1] K. Holmberg, A. Erdemir, Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions. Friction,
2017, 5(3), 263–284.
[2] M.L. Polo-Luque, B.M. Simonet, M. Valcárcel, Functionalization and dispersion of carbon nanotubes in ionicliquids. Trends Anal. Chem. 2013, 47, 99-110.
[3] J. Kałużny, A. Świetlicka, Ł. Wojciechowski, S. Boncel, G. Kinal, T. Runka, M. Nowicki, O. Stepanenko, B.
Gapiński, J. Leśniewicz, P. Błaszkiewicz, K. Kempa, Machine Learning Approach for Application-Tailored
Nanolubricants’ Design. Nanomaterials 2022, 12(10), 1765.

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P097
JOULE HEATING: A UNIVERSAL PROCESSING ROUTE FORNANOSTRUCTURED COMPOSITES
S. Upama 1, A. Mikhalchan 2, L. Arévalo 2, A. Pendashteh 2, M. Rana 3, M. Green 1,
J.J. Vilatela 2,*
1

Texas A&M University - College Station (United States)
2
IMDEA Materials - Madrid (Spain)
3
University of Münster - Münster (Germany)*email: juanjose.vilatela@imdea.org

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are electrically conductive materials that heat up directly and rapidly inresponse to electric fields – an effect called Joule heating. Joule heating can be utilized to heat up
nanocarbon composites from within, providing a targeted, controlled, and out-of-oven processing
technique with applications in manufacturing, such as curing composites without molds, [1-3] recycling
carbon fiber from spent composites, [4] bonding multi-material surfaces together, [5] and pyrolyzing
waste into graphene. [6] In this work, we show a new processing route using Joule heating for ananostructured network composite of carbon nanotube (CNT) fabrics and an inorganic phase (MoS2), andthen study the resulting structure and properties. [7] To this end, first, a unidirectional fabric of conductive
CNT bundles is electrochemically coated with MoS2. Afterward, the conformally coated inorganic phaseis crystallized via heat generated by direct current passing through the CNT ensemble. The Joule heatingprocess is rapid (heating rate up to 4000 °C/s), enables accurate temperature control, and takes as little as
2 seconds. The resulting composite material combines high electrical conductivity of up to 1.72 (± 0.25) ×
105 S/m, high tensile modulus as high as 8.82 ± 5.5 GPa/SG, and an axial tensile strength up to 200 ± 58
MPa/SG. The combined electrical and mechanical properties are orders of magnitude above granular
composites and wet-processed nanocomposites of similar composition. The extraordinary longitudinal
properties stem from the network of interconnected and highly aligned CNT bundles. Conductivity andmodulus follow approximately a rule of mixtures, similar to a continuous fiber composite, whereas
strength scales almost quadratically with the mass fraction of the inorganic phase due to the inorganic
component constraining re-alignment of CNTs upon stretching. The Joule heating processing route can beapplied to other CNT/inorganic composites, such as CNT/metal oxides, and the crystalline phase andmorphology can be tuned by controlling the heating rate and target temperature. This leads to composites
with specific strength above steel and electrical conductivity appropriate for use in electrochemical energy
storage.

Joule heating of CNT/inorganic composites
References[1] DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.064[2] DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700262[3] DOI: 10.1002/adem.201900276[4] DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200989[5] DOI: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.08.039[6] DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06328[7] DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17901

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P098
LARGE SCALE SYNTHESIS OF VERTICALLY ALIGNED CARBON
NANOTUBES ON METAL FOILS
T. Goislard 1,*, J. Descarpentries 1, L. Negre 1, A. Sangar 1, M. Zimmermann 1, S. Coletti 1,
F. Merlet 1, P. Boulanger 1, K. Retz 2, L. Li 3, P. Kladitis 3
1
NAWATECHNOLOGIES - Rousset (France)
NAWA AMERICA - Dayton, Ohio (United States)
3
University of Dayton Research Institute - Dayton, Ohio (United States)*email: thomas.goislard@nawatechnologies.com
2

Thin and flexible metal foils coated with vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) are
efficient building blocks for various applications including:- VACNT coated aluminum foil as active electrode of supercapacitors,- VACNT coated copper foil as 3D current collector of lithium battery anodes,- VACNT coated stainless steel foil as intermediate system for the interlaminar reinforcement ofcomposite materials.
Though, growing VACNT on these substrates at industrial scale remains challenging while it is
crucial to allow for the adoption of VACNT in commercial products.
Here we report our recent progress in the continuous manufacturing of VACNT by catalytic CVD
on aluminum, copper and stainless-steel foils.
The specificities of each system and their advantages in the above-mentioned applications will beoutlined and, for each case, the relevance of a single-step aerosol-assisted catalytic CVD process
or a double-step process including a PVD catalyst deposition step will be discussed. The alreadydemonstrated and further expected throughputs will be presented.
Finally, the added value of VACNT to the targeted applications will be highlighted, based on
actual measurements and characterization of prototype devices.

Rolled 300mm wide and >100m long, double-side VACNT coated Al foil (left) and 3x300mm wide double-side
VACNT coated stainless-steel foils (right)

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LONG AND DENSE VACNT GROWN AT LOW TEMPERATURE BY A
ONE-STEP CCVD PROCESS
A. Combrisson 1, E. Charon 1*, M. Pinault 1, C. Reynaud 1, M. Mayne-L'hermite 1
1

Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE-LEDNA - Gif-Sur-Yvette (France)*email: emeline.charon@cea.fr

This study focuses on the growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNT) by
aerosol-assisted catalytic chemical vapor deposition (AACCVD). This one-step process operates
at atmospheric pressure and leads to the continuous growth of VACNTs. It was initiallydeveloped at high temperature (800-850°C) [1,2,3] for the VACNT growth on quartz or silicon.
The principle is based on the simultaneous injection of catalytic and carbonaceous precursors, inorder to form in-situ the catalytic particles leading to the VACNT carpet growth. F. Nassoy et al.
[4] adapted the process conditions to allow the growth of long and dense VACNT on aluminumat lower temperature (615°C) using dihydrogen and acetylene, and adjusting the Fe/C ratio that is
important for the morphological quality control of VACNTs. The growth rates obtained(approximately 4μm/min) are similar to the state of the art referenced for growth using more
complex CVD processes (multi-step). However, a phenomenon of carpet length limitation around
120μm, and therefore a progressive growth rate reduction, has been observed for long synthesis
durations (beyond 40min) [4], as also reported in different works of the literature studying CVD
methods in 2 steps [5,6]. The hypothesis adopted to explain this limitation is poisoning of thecatalytic particle [4,5,7] by disordered carbon resulting from an overly efficient decomposition ofacetylene.
This work explores more precisely the role of the carbon source content, the Fe/C ratio and CO2
addition on the synthesis of VACNTs on aluminum substrates [8] with the main objective toovercome the limitations of VACNT growth, constituting a drawback for applications requiring
long and dense VACNTs. By using acetylene as carbon feedstock and ferrocene as catalyst
precursor, we demonstrate that when acetylene content is reduced to 1.5vol%, it is possible togrow dense VACNT carpets up to 700 µm length while maintaining constant the VACNT growth
for long synthesis duration (up to 160min) and improving the carbon conversion yield. An
optimum Fe/C ratio of 0.8 coupled with a low acetylene content gives the highest growth rate
(5.4µm/min) ever reported for a thermal AACCVD process operated at such a low temperature.
The CNT number density can be controlled by varying the Fe/C ratio, enabling high density
forests (e.g., 1.3x10^11CNT/cm2). Moreover we demonstrated that CO2 addition clearly
prevents the phenomena of saturation and degradation and allows to get forests as long as 800µm
for long synthesis duration (up to 320min).

References[1] M. Pinault et al (2005) Carbon 43, 2968-2976.
[2] C. Castro et al (2013) Carbon 61, 585-594.
[3] E. Charon et al (2021) Carbon 173, 758-768.
[4] F. Nassoy et al (2019) Nanomaterials 9, 1590.
[5] S. Miura et al (2018) Carbon 130, 834-842.
[6] Z. Gao et al (2015) J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 15636-15642.
[7] H. Almkhelfe et al, (2016) Nanoscale 8, 13476-13487.
[8] A. Combrisson et al, (2022) Nanomaterials 12, 2338.

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P100
SWCNT-BASED NANOCOMPOSITES WITH ULTRA-LOWPERCOLATION THRESHOLD FOR ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS
I.V. Novikov 1*, H.A. Butt 1, D.V. Krasnikov 1, A.G. Nasibulin 1
1

Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology - Moscow (Russian Federation)*email: ilya.novikov@skoltech.ru

CNT/polymer nanocomposites are one of the most important fields in CNT-based
applications. Meanwhile, despite the fact the SWCNT-based ones often demonstrate superior
properties, the vast majority of the works are devoted to nanocomposites based on MWCNTs
which is mainly due to their wider prevalence and easier processing procedures. Motivated by the
recent drop in SWCNT price, we have focused on the elastic SWCNT/thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU) nanocomposites with low concentrations of SWCNTs. Manufactured by coagulation(antisolvent) precipitation technique, SWCNT/TPU nanocomposites have appeared to possess
ultra-low percolation threshold of 0.006 wt% and state-of-the-art performance in soft electronic
applications at low SWCNT concentrations – strain sensing and EMI shielding [1]. We attributethese results to the high nanotube dispersion degree achieved by appropriate fabrication
technique and moderate SWCNT length – golden middle between high dispersibility and highconductivity. Moreover, in our next project, we have proposed an approach to simplification ofhandling with SWCNT powders by using pre-consolidated briquettes of SWCNTs with high bulk
density [2]. We have demonstrated that SWCNT/thermoset nanocomposites fabricated from such
briquettes are not inferior in SWCNT dispersion within polymer as well as in electrical andthermal properties to those prepared from pristine SWCNT powders, aerosolized ones, and evento those manufactured from commercial masterbatches with pre-dispersed SWCNTs. The simple
and cheap technique of pre-consolidation compresses large-scale voids in SWCNT powders notaffecting its structural properties (surface area and defectiveness) and dispersion in polymer,
meanwhile, it allows avoiding high powder aerosolization, specificity to certain polymer matrices(what masterbatches have) and is considered as a safe solution for large-scale SWCNT-based
nanocomposite production. This work is supported by the Council on grants of the President of
the Russian Federation (grant НШ-1330.2022.1.3).

(a) Schematic representation of SWCNT/elastomer nanocomposites with high performance at low SWCNT
concentrations; (b) Schematic diagram demonstrating same nanocomposite performance at higher SWCNT bulk
density with highlighted advantages [1,2]References[1] Ilya V. Novikov, Dmitry V, Krasnikov, et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2022, 18866-18876.
[2] Hassaan A. Butt, Ilya V. Novikov, et al., Carbon, 2023, 450-463.

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P101
METAL STACKS AS CNTFET CONTACTS
M. Hartmann 1*, M. Ernst 1, S. Hermann 1
1Center for Materials Architecture and Integration of Nanomembranes, Center for Microtechnologies, Chemnitz
University of Technology - Chemnitz (Germany)*email: martin.hartmann@zfm.tu-chemnitz.de

Excellent metal to nanomaterial contacts are essential in nanomaterial-based devices to
exploit their unique properties. A low Schottky barrier and a low contact resistance are of highimportance for single-walled carbon nanotube-based field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) toincrease the current per tube. Accompanying effects like improved noise performance and anincreased device transconductance would in particular push the operation frequency of highfrequency CNTFETs. However, experimental data still reveals a lack between the theoretically
predicted contact resistances per tube approaching the quantum resistance [1] and achieved
values [2] for a statistically relevant amount of devices prepared under scalable fabricationcompatible conditions. Several aspects such as contamination at the metal-CNT interface, thecontact geometry as well as the choice of the contact metal have a major impact. Pd and Pt are
known as good contact metals for p-type CNTFETs. However, their adhesion on oxides is weak
and hence typically thin Cr and Ti adhesion layers, which are known to form contacts with larger
contact resistances, are deposited in advance resulting in a heterogeneous metal contact. We
present the impact of different Cr and Ti thicknesses in combination with a Pt top contact onto
CNTFET performances with and without a device passivation as exemplary shown in the figure
below. Not passivated devices with increasing Cr thickness feature an increasing on current but adecreasing on/off current ratio. To understand this behavior comprehensive electrical, AFM and
Raman measurements will be presented.

CNTFETs transfer characteristics analysis. Overview of on current and on/off current ratios of not passivated
CNTFETs with Pt top contacts and Cr adhesion layers with different thicknesses on the left side; corresponding
mean values of the logarithm of the on currents per CNT in black and on/off current ratios in red for the different
chromium thicknesses calculated from over 40 devices for each shown data point on the right side.

References[1] A. Fediai Nanoscale, 2016, 8, 10240-10251[2] Y. Joo et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9 (34), 28859-28867

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P102
MICRO-SCALE METAL PLATING ON CARBON NANOTUBES
Y. Wei 1,*, D. Tang 2, K. Jiang 1
Tsinghua University - Beijing (China)
McMaster University - Hamilton (Canada)*email: weiyq20@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
1

2

Metal plating on carbon nanotube at micro-scale was carried out by using a home-madeinstrument. It is found that a variety of metals can be deposited on the surface of carbon
nanotubes. Compared with traditional plating method, the current approach enables accurate
electroplating within a few microns, which is very helpful for fabricating metallic micro stripes
precisely. It was also used to weld carbon nanotubes to electrodes to get better electrical contact
and less contact resistance. This approach might also be utilized in other nanomaterials, such as
2D materials to directly printing electrodes on them.

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P103
MICROWAVE OPTOMECHANICS OF THE TRANSVERSAL CARBON
NANOTUBE VIBRATION
A. Loh 1, F. Stadler 1, F. Özyigit 1, N. Kellner 1, N. Hüttner 1, S. Blien 1, A.K. Hüttel 1*
1

University of Regensburg - Regensburg (Germany)*email: andreas.huettel@ur.de

We have demonstrated optomechanical coupling of a carbon nanotube and a coplanar
microwave resonator at millikelvin temperatures [1,2]. In the measured device, the nanotube acts
both as a mechanical resonator and as a quantum dot. The nonlinear electronic response of
Coulomb blockade enhances the microwave optomechanical coupling by several orders ofmagnitude, overcoming the mismatch of scales between microwave and mechanical subsystem
and reaching a single photon coupling of up to g0~100Hz. This novel optomechanical systempresents several interesting features, least of all a widely tunable coupling parameter. For
optimized parameters, e.g., strong optomechanical coupling (with hybridization of vibrons andphotons) and the quantum coherent limit (where manipulation is faster than thermal decoherence)is within reach. Since the publication of [1], we have achieved significant improvements of our
microwave resonators integrating the nanotube transfer areas and electrodes. Ongoing work aims
at optimizing the carbon nanotube growth and the transfer of the nanotubes onto the resonator
chip, as well as the cryogenic millikelvin setup for the measurements. We present the current
state of our work, towards quantum control of the carbon nanotube vibration.

(left) Test device for integration of a vibrating carbon nanotube with a coplanar waveguide resonator. (right) Detaildrawing of the nanotube transfer area.

References[1] S. Blien, P. Steger, N. Hüttner, R. Graaf, and A. K. Hüttel, Nature Communications 11, 1636 (2020)[2] N. Hüttner, A. K. Hüttel, et al., in preparation.

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P104
MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF CARBON NANOTUBEGROWTH UNDER TENSILE STRAIN
A. Yamanaka 1,*, S. Tejima 1, J. Fujita 2
Research Organization for Information Science and Technology - Minato-Ku, Tokyo (Japan)
Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba - Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan)*email: yamanaka@rist.or.jp
1

2

Floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition is attracting much attention not only as thecontinuous and scalable production methods of carbon nanotube (CNT), but also due to its
possibility to product long CNT [1, 2]. Because of the difficulty of direct observation of floating
catalyst in experiment, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are useful to understand the growth
processes of CNT at atomic level.
In this work, we focused on the tensile strain between two catalyst that are bridged by single
CNT. CNT-catalyst contact point was modeled to short CNT on cementite Fe3C. The bottom of
the cementite was fixed and the top of the CNT was lifted by constant velocity during simulations
to introduce tensile strain. All calculations were performed by using LAMMPS package [3]. NVT
ensemble was used with the Nosé–Hoover method to control the temperature of the systems [4, 5,
6]. The bond-order-type potential was used to describe the interaction of atoms in cementite and
CNT at once [7].
Our simulations showed that CNT can grow up under appropriate temperature even if the CNT
lifting speed is high (1 mm/s). We will discuss the effect of temperature, CNT chirality, carbon
supply on CNT growth under tensile strain.

References[1] S. Huang, et al., Nano Lett. 4, 1025, 2004.
[2] T. Fujimori, et al., Sci. Rep. 12, 1285, 2022.
[3] S. Plimpton, J. Comput. Phys. 117, 1, 1995.
[4] S. Nosé, Mol. Phys. 52, 255-268, 1984.
[5] W. G. Hoover, Phys. Rev. A 31, 1695-1697, 1985.
[6] W. Shinoda, et al., Phys. Rev. B 69, 134103-8, 2004.
[7] K.O.E. Henriksson, et al., Phys. Rev. B 79, 144107, 2009.

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P105
MOLECULAR EVOLUTIONARY GROWTH OF ULTRALONGSEMICONDUCTING DOUBLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
J. Gao 1*, Y. Jiang 1, S. Chen 1, H. Yue 1, H. Ren 1, Z. Zhu 1, F. Wei 1
Tsinghua University - Beijing (China)*email: gaoj18@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
1

The self-assembling synthesis accompanied with template auto-catalysis loop and the ability
to gather energy, induces the appearance of chirality and entropy reduction in biotic systems,
being related with the origins of life and evolutionary behaviors. However, an abiotic system withbiotic characteristics is of great significance but still missing. Here, we demonstrate the molecular
evolution is characteristic of ultralong carbon nanotube growth, revealing the advantage of chiralassembly through template auto-catalysis growth, stepwise-enriched chirality distribution withdecreasing entropy, and environmental effects on the evolutionary growth. Specifically, thedefective and metallic nanotubes perform inferiority to semiconducting counterparts, among of
which the ones with double walls and specific chirality (n, m) are more predominant due tomolecular coevolution. An explicit evolutionary trend for tailoring certain layer chirality ispresented toward perfect near-(2n, n)-containing semiconducting double-walled nanotubes, as
shown in Figure 1. These findings extend our conceptual understanding for the template autocatalysis assembly of abiotic carbon nanotubes, and provide an inspiration for synthesizing chiralmaterials with kinetic stability by evolutionary growth.

Figure 1. Schematic summarizing the stepwise evolution toward perfect near-(2n, n)-containing semiconducting
DWNTs.

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P106
MOLECULAR EVOLUTIONARY GROWTH OF ULTRALONGSEMICONDUCTING DOUBLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
J. Gao 1*, Y. Jiang 1, S. Chen 1, H. Yue 1, H. Ren 1, Z. Zhu 1, F. Wei 1
Tsinghua University - Beijing (China)*email: gaoj18@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
1

The self-assembling synthesis accompanied with template auto-catalysis loop and the ability
to gather energy, induces the appearance of chirality and entropy reduction in biotic systems,
being related with the origins of life and evolutionary behaviors. However, an abiotic system withbiotic characteristics is of great significance but still missing. Here, we demonstrate the molecular
evolution is characteristic of ultralong carbon nanotube growth, revealing the advantage of chiralassembly through template auto-catalysis growth, stepwise-enriched chirality distribution withdecreasing entropy, and environmental effects on the evolutionary growth. Specifically, thedefective and metallic nanotubes perform inferiority to semiconducting counterparts, among of
which the ones with double walls and specific chirality (n, m) are more predominant due tomolecular coevolution. An explicit evolutionary trend for tailoring certain layer chirality ispresented toward perfect near-(2n, n)-containing semiconducting double-walled nanotubes, as
shown in Figure 1. These findings extend our conceptual understanding for the template autocatalysis assembly of abiotic carbon nanotubes, and provide an inspiration for synthesizing chiralmaterials with kinetic stability by evolutionary growth.

Figure 1. Schematic summarizing the stepwise evolution toward perfect near-(2n, n)-containing semiconducting
DWNTs.

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P107
MOLECULAR SIMULATIONS OF ICOSAHEDRAL ALLOY
NANOPARTICLES WITH EXTRAORDINARY THERMAL STABILITY
R. Yoshikawa 1,*, K. Mori 1, D. Asa 1, I. Kohata 1, K. Hisama 2, K. Otsuka 1, S. Maruyama 1
1

The University of Tokyo - Bunkyo-Ku (Japan)
2
Shinshu University - Nagano City (Japan)*email: yoshikawa@photon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

As demonstrated by W-Co alloy-catalyzed single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) growth[1], the solid catalyst is essential for chirality control. However, we cannot imagine nano-meterscale solid alloy at elevated temperatures. In this study, we discovered high symmetricicosahedral Co13Fe42 and Ni13Ti42 clusters (Mackay clusters [2], Fig. 1 (a-b)) by molecular
dynamics (MD) simulations using Tersoff-type [3] and modified embedded atom method(MEAM) [4] potentials. The clusters had much higher melting temperatures than pure 55-mercluster of each element. There can be two origins of the high thermal stability. First, theseclusters had rotational vibration modes of the inner shell against the outer shell, and those modes
might prevent the structure from collapsing even if the magnitude was high. Second, thisstructure had high cohesive energy, which required high energy to cause phase transition.
Co13Fe42 also had a characteristic that it became most stable when the inner shell formed anangle of 15 degree against the outer shell (Fig. 1 (c)). We call the rotated clusters Super Mackay
to distinguish from regular Mackay clusters. Super Mackay cluster successfully catalyzed
SWCNT growth in MD simulations under a wide range of temperature conditions, and it kept thestructure during the simulation despite the high temperature and the existence of carbon atoms(Fig. 1 (d-e)). Due to the stability and the catalysis, these kinds of clusters can be anticipated aschirality-controllable catalysts for SWCNTs as well as multi-purpose nanocatalysts.

Fig. 1. Super Mackay clusters. (a) Structure of Co13Fe42 cluster. Cyan and orange balls represent Co and Fe atoms,
respectively. (b) Structure of Ni13Ti42 cluster. Green and blue balls represent Ni and Ti atoms, respectively. (c)Potential energy of Co13Fe42 cluster depending on the angle between inner and outer shells. (d-e) SWCNT growthfrom Co13Fe42 cluster at 1100 K and 1800 K, respectively.

References[1] F. Yang, et al., Nature, 510 (2014) 522.
[2] A. L. Mackay, Acta Cryst., 15 (1962) 916.
[3] K. Hisama, et al., J. Phys. Chem. C, 122 (2018) 9648.
[4] S. Kavousi, et al., Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng., 28 (2020) 015006.

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P108
MOLECULE SUPER-TRANSPORT THROUGH MACROSCOPICLENGTH OF INDIVIDUAL CARBON NANOTUBE
F. Wei 1, J. Wu 1*, S. Sun 1
Tsinghua University - Beijing (China)*email: wu-jw20@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
1

The recent emerging nanofluidics promotes the exploration of special hydrodynamic
behaviors in nanoconfined flow. Due to the pore size in nanofluidic field usually being smaller
than the mean free path of gas molecules, Knudsen equation conventionally describes the gas
flow. By contrast, some researchers demonstrated that gas permeation in angstrom-scale channel
with several micrometers’ length exhibited ballistic transport that was orders of magnitude fasterthan Knudsen flow [1]. However, there are few experimental evidences that demonstrate thissuper-transport is still valid under macroscopic scale. Herein, we establish a mass spectroscopy
system to research the gas permeation in single ultra-long carbon nanotube and the gas diffusion
is one order of magnitude faster than expected from Knudsen theory. It indicates that the physics
behind gas super-transport is still efficient at the macroscopic length scales, reflecting africtionless gas-carbon interface. This work provides a new insight for super-transport ofmacroscopic length and exhibits the possibility of the low energy-consumed process.

Dependence of gas permeation on length of individu. Dependence of gas permeation on length of individualcarbon nanotube

References[1] A. Keerthi, et al. Nature 558, 420-424 (2018).

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P109
MULTI-FUNCTIONAL CARBON NANOTUBE SPONGE-LIKE PAPER
THAT HOLDS LITHIUM POLYSULFIDE AND SUPPORTING SALTSFOR SIMPLE FABRICATION OF STABLE AND HIGH ENERGYDENSITY LI-S BATTERYK. Nakamae 1,*, T. Mae 1, K. Kaneko 1, M. Li 2, S. Noda 1
Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University - Tokyo (Japan)
Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University - Tokyo (Japan)*email: nakaito12645@akane.waseda.jp
12

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery has attracted great interest due to its huge theoretical capacity of2510 Wh/kgLi2S. However, in reality, most of them are inferior to the commercialized Li-ion
batteries in terms of cell-based energy density because the sulfur positive electrode is often madeof small amount of sulfur with large amounts of metal current collector, polymeric binder, andconductive filler, and because electrolyte is used at excessive amount in the cells. We havedeveloped a Li2Sx-CNT electrode [1] using sub-millimeter-long few-wall carbon nanotubes(CNTs) produced by fluidized bed [2]. The positive electrode of Li2Sx held in a sponge-likefreestanding CNT paper worked with an electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio as low as 4 μL/mg, andrealized a high energy density of 400-500 Wh/kgcell on an interior cell mass basis (electrode,
separator, and electrolyte) [1]. The Li2Sx-CNT positive electrode showed excellent performance,
however, the cycle life of the full cell was limited because of the degradation and dendrite
formation of the Li negative electrode. This time, we changed the supporting salt of theelectrolyte from LiTFSI (lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide), which is popular for sulfur
positive electrode [3], to LiFSI (lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide), which is known to form stable
solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on Li negative electrode. The composite positive electrodewas fabricated by impregnating Li2S8 and supporting salts onto a self-supporting CNT paper. A
full cell was then fabricated by wetting the stack of Li negative electrode | polypropylene
separator | Li2S8-Salt-CNT positive electrode with solvent DOL(1,3-dioxolane) & DME(1,2dimethoxyethane). The full cell made using LiFSI showed improved capacity retention (93% at
the 40th cycle) and Coulombic efficiency (~99%) compared to that made using LiTFSI (85% at
the 40th cycle and 95–98%, respectively) (Fig. 1).
Acknowledgement: This research was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)(JP16H06368) and (A) (JP21H04633) from JSPS and by Zeon Corporation.

Cycle performance of Li||Li2Sx-Salt-CNT full cells
References[1] Y. Yoshie, et al., Carbon 182, 32 (2021).
[2] M. Li, et al., Carbon 167, 256 (2020).
[3] X. Fan, et al., Chem 4,174 (2018).

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P110
MULTI-WAVELENGTH COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY WITH CARBON
NANOTUBES BROADBAND IMAGERS
D. Shikichi 1,*, R. Ota 1, K. Li 2, Y. Matsuzaki 1, Y. Aoshima 1, T. Suyama 3, H. Okawa 4,
S. Ikehata 3, I. Sato 3, Y. Kawano 1
1
Chuo University - Tokyo (Japan)
Tokyo Institute of Technology - Tokyo (Japan)
3
National Institute of Informatics - Tokyo (Japan)
4
Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology - Kanagawa (Japan)*email: a19.dpny@g.chuo-u.ac.jp
2

Ⅰ. Introduction: Carbon nanotube (CNT) films have potential applications in a variety oftechnologies. One such application is a broadband electromagnetic wave imaging device[1],which enables non-destructive inspection including material identification and structural
restoration by multi-wavelength measurement in the near-infrared (NIR) to terahertz (THz) andmillimeter wave (MMW) bands. Although the integration of image information engineering is
indispensable in restoring the internal structure of subjects, these efforts are still insufficient. In
this study, we have combined wideband, multi-wavelength measurement using a CNT film-based
photo-thermoelectric imaging device array with Computed Tomography (CT) measurement,
which is a representative example of image information engineering. We report on thenondestructive material identification and reconstruction of structures composed of multiple
layers and composite materials.
Ⅱ. Results: Fig.1b shows semiconducting-metallic-mixed single-walled CNT (SWCNT)
dispersion (0.5 wt%) and SWCNT film-based photo thermoelectric imaging device array. This
device can efficiently absorb ultra-broadband electromagnetic waves in NIR to MMW range anddetect them as electrical signals through the photo-thermoelectric effect (PTE)[1] (Fig.1c). Fig.1d
represents the NIR-CT results for a structure with a 1 mm diameter metal bar installed inside a 10mm wide glass outer wall. CT restored the whole structure by transmitting the NIR through theglass. Because of the reflection of NIR by the metal surface, a reconstructed image followed theshape of the metal bar. By using the ultra-broadband absorbance characteristics of this device, it
is possible to detect the change in transmittance of respective material in each band for subjects
consisting of more complex materials and layers. The material identification and structural
reconstruction of multi-layered and composite material structures by wide-band, multiwavelength CT imaging utilizing these techniques will be presented at the conference.

Figure1. a, Conceptual diagram. b, CNT dispersion and SWCNT film-based PTE imager arrays. c, Changes in thedevice’s responses for controlling output powers of broad sources. d, NIR-CT demonstrations. The imager comprises
a 20-pixels-array with 1-mm-pitch. Scan resolution: 1°-step rotation.
References[1] K. Li, et al. Nat. Commun. 12, 3009, 2021.

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P111
N-INCORPORATION IN MONOLAYER CVD GRAPHENE BY AN
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE N₂ DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE
C. Moderie 1*, R. Martel 1, L. Stafford 1
1

Université de Montréal - Montréal (Canada)*email: charles.moderie@umontreal.ca

Nitrogen doped graphene, or N-graphene, is a promising material for a wide range ofapplications such as supercapacitors, optoelectronic devices, and biosensors [1,2]. Nitrogenplasmas have been proved to be an excellent path to generate N-graphene [3,4] frompolycrystalline monolayer graphene films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In thisstudy, CVD graphene has been exposed to low-frequency Townsend dielectric barrier discharge
operated in nitrogen at atmospheric pressure. In such conditions, the discharge is weakly ionized,
and the neutral gas temperature is close to 300 K. In addition, plasma-graphene interactions are
dominated by plasma-generated N atoms and metastable N2(A) states, with the latter acting as a
6 eV energy reservoir. To investigate the mechanisms of nitrogen incorporation by the plasmabased process, Hyperspectral Raman IMAging (RIMA) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS) have been performed over different processing time. A clear defects generation isobserved from the Raman signature with a transition towards amorphization for longer discharge
exposure times. From the high spatial resolution of RIMA, different Raman dynamics can beseen at the grain domains (GD) versus at the boundaries (GB) of CVD graphene [5]. It is foundthat there is a selective nitrogen incorporation at GDs, a feature linked to preferential healing ofplasma-generated defects near GB [6]. N-uptake is further discussed using the model proposed byRobert-Bigras et al. [7] in which defects generation plays a critical role in the N-incorporation
kinetics.

References[1] Wang, H., Maiyalagan, T. & Wang, X. Review on Recent Progress in Nitrogen-Doped Graphene: Synthesis,
Characterization, and Its Potential Applications. (2012) doi:10.1021/cs200652y.
[2] Shao, Y. et al. Nitrogen-doped graphene and its electrochemical applications. J Mater Chem 20, 7491–7496(2010).
[3] Orlando, F. et al. Synthesis of nitrogen-doped epitaxial graphene via plasma-assisted method: Role of thegraphene–substrate interaction. Surf Sci 643, 214–221 (2015).
[4] Lin, Y.-P. et al. Nitrogen-doping processes of graphene by a versatile plasma-based method. (2014)
doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2014.02.057.
[5] Gaufrès, E. et al. Hyperspectral Raman imaging using Bragg tunable filters of graphene and other lowdimensional materials. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy (2017) doi:10.1002/jrs.5298.
[6] Vinchon, P., Glad, X., Robert Bigras, G., Martel, R. & Stafford, L. Preferential self-healing at grain boundaries inplasma-treated graphene. Nat Mater 20, 49–54 (2021).
[7] Robert Bigras, G., Martel, R. & Stafford, L. Incorporation-limiting mechanisms during nitrogenation ofmonolayer graphene films in nitrogen flowing afterglows. Nanoscale 13, 2891–2901 (2021).

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P112
NANOPORE STRUCTURE OF HIGHLY ENRICHED DOUBLE-WALLEDCARBON NANOTUBES BASED ON FE-MO/MGO CATALYST
D.Y. Kim 1, S.Y. Jang 1, J.H. Hwang 1, Y.S. Park 1, Y.C. Choi 1, W.S. Kim 1, S.W. Lee 1*
1

Korea Carbon Industry Promotion Agency - Jeon-Ju (Korea, Republic of)*email: swonlee00@kcarbon.or.kr

We report nanopore structures of highly enriched double-walled carbon nanotubes(DWCNTs) synthesized with yields of over 70% via catalytic chemical vapor deposition using
Fe-Mo/MgO catalysts. The carbon yield, tube diameter and crystallinity of the synthesized
DWCNTs were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, fieldemission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Raman spectroscopy.
The nanopore structure and adsorption characteristics of the purified DWCNTs, obtained byremoving the support and catalyst, were analyzed through the N2 adsorption at 77K. A
significant advantage of the highly enriched DWCNTs with small bundle network structures isthat the guest molecules can easily access the outer (or external) surface of the DWCNTs,
resulting in a high specific surface area (SSA) of over 700 m2/g-1 and pore volume of 2.30 mLg1. Additionally, the SSA of DWCNTs increased by more than 30% after purification with various
acid solutions, which is due to the change in the distribution of micropores and mesopores. These
results suggest that highly enriched DWCNTs with SSA and high pore volume can be used as
CNT-based structures for applications such as high-performance energy storage through a facile
solution-based process.

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P113
NEAR-INTRINSIC PHOTO- AND ELECTROLUMINESCENCE FROMNETWORKS OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES ON BCBPASSIVATED SURFACES
N.F. Zorn 1, S. Settele 1, J. Zaumseil 1*
1

Heidelberg University - Heidelberg (Germany)*email: zaumseil@uni-heidelberg.de

The photo- and electroluminescence spectra of semiconducting single-walled carbon
nanotube (SWCNT) thin films on commonly used glass and Si/SiO2 substrates are often
compromised by broadening of the main excitonic emission peak and unwanted low-energy
sidebands [1]. Here, we show that surface passivation with the commercially available, lowdielectric constant, cross-linked polymer BCB significantly enhances the emission properties of(6,5) SWCNTs to the same level as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) flakes do. The presence of
BCB suppresses sideband emission, especially from the Y1 band, which we attribute to defects
introduced by interaction of the nanotube lattice with oxygen-containing terminal groups of theglass or silica surface. The simple and reproducible deposition of homogeneous BCB films overlarge areas combined with their resistance against common solvents and chemicals employedduring photolithography make them compatible with standard semiconductor device fabrication
processes. Utilizing this approach, we demonstrate light-emitting (6,5) SWCNT network fieldeffect transistors on BCB-treated glass substrates with excellent electrical characteristics andnear-intrinsic electroluminescence spectra. Consequently, passivation with BCB could become astandard surface treatment for spectroscopy of and optoelectronic devices with SWCNTs andother low-dimensional emitters.

Photoluminescence spectra from dense networks of (6,5) SWCNTs on a glass substrate with or without BCB
passivation layer.

References[1] Zorn, N. F.; Berger, F. J.; Zaumseil, J., ACS Nano 2021, 15, 10451-10463.

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P114
NEW SPECTROSCOPIC SIGNATURES OF PRESSURE INDUCEDREVERSIBLE COLLAPSE IN SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
R. Galafassi 1*, F. Vialla 1, V. Pischedda 1, A. San-Miguel 1
1

Institut Lumière Matière - Villeurbanne (France)*email: riccardo.galafassi@univ-lyon1.fr

The radially collapsed structure of carbon nano-tubes [1] constitutes an intermediate geometry
between the 1D-tube and 2D ribbon-like structure which offers opportunities in the optimizationof electrically conductive composites [2] or reinforcing fibers [3] for instance. The pressure
induced radial collapse of carbon nanotubes [4] has been shown to exhibit characteristic
signatures in the Raman spectrum as changes in the evolution of the G-mode associated to theattenuation of the associated radial breathing mode (RBM) [5,6]. Recent studies show that thesymmetry reduction introduced by the radial collapse leads to the formation of a characteristic Dband in the Raman spectrum without disorder [7]. In this work, we have successfully shown theuse of this signature as a probe for the high-pressure evolution between the circular and thecollapsed structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes. The study of the D-band is not possible in
Raman high-pressure experiments using the diamond anvil cell pressure apparatus at pressures
below ~10 GPa [8]. In fact, diamond most intense Raman peak overlaps the D-band, hence
preventing its detection. In order to avoid such problem, we used a sapphire anvil cell, which
provides an optical window for the detection of both the D-band and the G-band. Our study
allowed us to observe the D-band development at the expected nanotube collapse pressure as wellas its reduction after pressure release, confirming its link to the collapse process.

In situ Raman signature of the pressure evolution of SWCNTs using a sapphire anvil cell.
References[1] Chopra N.G. et al., Nature 135, 377 (1995)[2] Balima F.et al, Carbon 106, 64 (2016)[3] Vila M.et al, ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 4, 6947 (2021)[4] Magnin, Y.et al., Carbon 178, 92 (2021)[5] C. Cailler et al, Phys. Rev B 77, 125418 (2008)[6] Torres-Dias, A., et al, Carbon 95, 442 (2015)[7] Picheau E. et al. ACS Nano 15, 596 (2021)[8] Merlen A. et al. Phys. Rev B 72 035409 (2005)

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P115
NON-DESTRUCTIVE LOW-TEMPERATURE CONTACTS TO MOS₂NANORIBBON AND NANOTUBE QUANTUM DOTS
R.T.K. Schock 1, J. Neuwald 1, K.D. Schneider 1, M. Kronseder 1, L. Pirker 2, M. Remškar 2,
A.K. Hüttel 1,*
1

University of Regensburg - Regensburg (Germany)
2
Institute Jožef Stefan - Ljubljana (Slovenia)*email: andreas.huettel@ur.dePlanar TMDCs are at the center of manifold research efforts due to their intrinsic two
dimensional nature and their outstanding electronic and optical properties. Despite detailed
studies of their optical parameters, worldwide efforts to reach single electronic level transport inlithographically designed quantum dots at low temperatures - towards spin, valley, or charge
qubits - have so far been mostly unsuccessful. This is due to the requirement for very small
confinement potentials as well as disorder from dangling bonds at the edges of nanoflakes. Bothissues can be circumvented by using clean, as-grown MoS2 nanotubes and nanoribbons. First
Coulomb blockade measurements were recently performed on a MoS2 nanotube grown fromvapour phase [1,2], and were so far limited by disorder below the metallic scandium contacts.
Here, we present low temperature measurements on MoS2 nanotubes and nanoribbons contactedusing bismuth [3]. Bismuth is less reactive and has a vanishing density of states at the Fermi
edge, suppressing metal-induced gap states. Our data clearly shows the non-destructive andtransparent nature of these contacts to our quantum dots and indicates quantum confinement [4].

SEM images of devices incorporating a MoS₂ nanoribbon (left) and a nanotube (right).

References[1] S. Reinhardt, L. Pirker, C. Bäuml, M. Remškar, and A. K. Hüttel, Physica Status Solidi RRL 13, 1900251 (2019)[2] M. Remškar, A. K. Hüttel, T. V. Shubina, A. Seabaugh, S. Fathipour, R. Lawrowski, and R. Schreiner, Israel
Journal of Chemistry 62, e202100100 (2022)[3] P. C. Shen et al., Nature 593, 211 (2021)[4] R. T. K. Schock, J. Neuwald, W. Möckel, M. Kronseder, L. Pirker, M. Remškar, and A. K. Hüttel, Advanced
Materials, doi:10.1002/adma.202209333 (2023)

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P116
OBTAINING MECHANISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF CNT SYNTHESISVIA FCCVD BY INDEPENDENTLY DECOUPLING FLOATINGCATALYST AND PRECURSOR AVAILABILITY
M. Vazquez-Pufleau 1*, R. Fernández 1, A. Luis 1, J.J. Vilatela 1
IMDEA Materials - Getafe (Spain)*email: miguel.vazquez@imdea.org
1

Traditionally, the synthesis of CNTs has been achieved by utilizing ferrocene and thiophene
as catalyst and precursor, respectively. This approach has been convenient for simplifying
instrumental requirements FCCVD reactors but has the limitation of intertwined kinetics ofprecursor decomposition and Fe and S catalyst and promoter availability. Any attempt to study
the reaction mechanism based on such precursors for the catalyst and promoter of CNT is
subjected to such difficulty, significantly limiting the mapping of a more general reaction
mechanism. For this reason, we have developed a methodology to sublimate readily available
elemental sulfur(Fig.1a) and synthesize nanoparticles of desirable sizes by utilizing a spark
discharge generator (SDG)[1](Fig.1b). With this, a more thorough reaction window could bescanned,(Fig.1c). In the past, the minimum amount of sulfur (S) necessary for achieving CNT
aerogelation was about 10 mg/hr producing a mixture of SW and MWCNTs[2]. By using a
sublimator, SWCNTs from toluene were obtained with as little as 0.22mg/hrS, 50 times less thanusing thiophene[2], and showing the promise of this approach. In addition, the position of sulfur
injection in an FCCVD reactor substantially affects the iron catalyst evolution and, therefore, theconsequent CNT diameter obtained[3]. Thus, the standard deviation for the lognormal fit of thesize distribution of CNTs can be linked to track the point at which the natural aerosol evolution of
the catalyst stops as the carbon precursor becomes available and CNTs are synthesized,
preventing further catalyst agglomeration. On the other hand, the utilization of Fe catalyst from
SDG was reported for the synthesis of CNTs, but spinning was reportedly not possible[4]. Our
preliminary results show that spinning with an SDG catalyst is easier using thiophene thansublimed sulfur. This is studied by a complete decoupling and mechanistic study on the effect ofboth.

Fig 1. a) A sublimator allows accurate control of readily available elemental sulfur b) Specific size distributions areachievable via spark discharge generator (SDG) c), d-spacing from electron diffraction indicates differences in CNTs
synthesized as a function of sublimated sulfur.

References[1] Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel,et.al., Advanced Powder Technology34.3(2023):103955.
[2] Mikhalchan, Anastasiia,et.al. Carbon179(2021):417-424.
[3] Lee, Sung-Hyun,et.al., RSC Advances5.52(2015):41894-41900.
[4] Hoecker, Christian,et.al., Scientific reports7.1(2017):14519.

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P117
ON-CHIP TORSION BALANCES WITH FEMTONEWTON FORCERESOLUTION AT ROOM TEMPERATURE ENABLED BY CARBON
NANOTUBE AND GRAPHENE
L. Cong 1, Z. Yuan 1,*, Z. Bai 2, X. Wang 3, W. Zhao 4, X. Gao 1, X. Hu 1, P. Liu 1, W. Guo 5,
Q. Li 1, S. Fan 1, K. Jiang 1
1
Department of Physics, Tsinghua University - Beijing (China)
Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University - Beijing (China)
3
Beihang University - Beijing (China)
4
No. 58th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Research Group Corporation - Wuxi (China)
5Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics - Beijing (China)*email: yuan-z18@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
2

The torsion balance, consisting of a rigid balance beam suspended by a fine thread, is anancient scientific instrument, yet it is still a very sensitive force sensor to date. As the force
sensitivity is proportional to the lengths of the beam and thread, but inversely proportional to thefourth power of the diameter of the thread, nanomaterials should be ideal building blocks for
torsion balances. Here, we report a torsional balance array on a chip with the highest sensitivity
level enabled by using a carbon nanotube as the thread and a monolayer graphene coated with Al
nanofilms as the beam and mirror. It is demonstrated that the femtonewton force exerted by aweak laser can be easily measured. The balances on the chip should serve as an ideal platform forinvestigating fundamental interactions up to zeptonewton in accuracy in the near future.

References[1] L. Cong, Z. Yuan, Z. Bai, X. Wang, W. Zhao, X. Gao, X. Hu, P. Liu, W. Guo, Q. Li, S. Fan, K. Jiang, On-chip
torsion balances with femtonewton force resolution at room temperature enabled by carbon nanotube and graphene.
Sci. Adv. 7, eabd2358 (2021).
[2] X. Lin, P. Liu, Y. Wei, Q. Li, J. Wang, Y. Wu, C. Feng, L. Zhang, S. Fan, K. Jiang, Development of an ultra-thinfilm comprised of a graphene membrane and carbon nanotube vein support. Nat. Commun. 4, 2920 (2013).

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P118
ONE-DIMENSIONAL HBN/CNT VAN DER WAALSHETEROSTRUCTURES FABRICATED BY ATOMIC LAYERDEPOSITION
A. Hossain 1,*, H. Okuno 2, S. Forel 1, C. Journet 1, C. Marichy 1
1

Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Lyon (France)
2
IRIG/MEM/LEMMA, CEA - Grenoble (France)*email: ali.hossain@univ-lyon1.fr

Graphene's isolation has led to a strong interest in two-dimensional (2D) materials and theability to stack them into van der Waals (VdW) heterostructures has opened up a wide field of
applications based on these new materials. Neither too weak nor too strong, VdW couplingallows connecting two different materials to combine their intrinsic properties and/or to create
new ones. The interest in this coupling is currently extending beyond 2D materials, with 1D VdWheterostructures that consist of coaxial stacking of two or more distinct materials. The twodimensional electron confinement associated with VdW stacking is expected to improve/modify
the physical and chemical properties of the final material compared to the initial ones. In
particular, Hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) is generating much interest as it is isostructural tographene with a large bandgap, excellent thermal stability, and photoluminescence intensity inthe visible or UV spectral regions; thus, coaxial stacking of hBN onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
can enrich optoelectronic properties of the initial structures [1]. Fabricating these high-quality
hBN/CNT heterostructures requires a synthesis approach capable of precisely controlling theepitaxial deposition onto supports at the atomic scale. Based on self-limiting gas-surface
reactions, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) has proven to be ideally suited for fabricating
functional hetero-nanostructures, such as carbon nanotube-based materials [2]. Herein, a two-step
ALD process of hBN is utilized for fabricating hBN/CNT heterostructures based on polymerderived ceramics chemistry [3]. Briefly, a pre-ceramic layer of polyborazine is successfully
deposited on single-wall or multi-wall CNTs within the first ALD step and then annealed at hightemperatures in the second step to convert the polyborazine into crystalline hBN. The resulting
BN-coated CNTs are thoroughly investigated employing advanced characterization techniques.
Specifically, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy exhibits the fabrication of highly
crystalline hBN/CNT heterostructures, and electron energy loss spectroscopy permits us toobserve a conformal and homogeneous coating of hBN layers onto single-wall and multi-wall
CNTs. The influence of the ALD parameters and post-annealing treatment on BN growth(thickness, number of layers, homogeneity) and structure (amorphous, turbostratic, hexagonalphase) is explored in detail as well as the impact of the starting carbon material on the final
heterostructures in terms of morphology and crystallinity. Particular attention is paid to thesuccessful fabrication of 1D VdW heterostructures made of few-layer hBN coated-single wall
carbon nanotubes. The Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies are performed to evaluate
the structural and optical properties of the obtained heterostructures.

References[1] Xiang R et al. 2020 Science 367 537–42[2] Marichy C et al. 2013 Coord. Chem. Rev. 257 3232–53[3] Hao W et al. 2017 ChemNanoMat 3 656–63

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P119
ONE-DIMENSIONAL SEMIMETAL CONTACTS TO TWODIMENSIONAL SEMICONDUCTORS
X. Li 1*, Y. Wei 1, S. Fan 1, Y. Zhang 1
1

Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University - Beijing(China)*email: lixuanzhang7@163.com

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are promising in channel length scaling of field-effecttransistors (FETs) due to their excellent gate electrostatics. However, scaling of their contact
length still remains a significant challenge because of the sharply raised contact resistance andthe deteriorated metal conductivity at nanoscale. Here, we construct a 1D semimetal-2D
semiconductor contact by employing single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes, that can push thecontact length into the sub-2 nm region.[1] Such 1D-2D heterostructures exhibit smaller van der
Waals gaps than the 2D-2D ones, while the Schottky barrier height can be effectively tuned via
gate potential to achieve Ohmic contact. We propose a longitudinal transmission line model for
analyzing the potential and current distribution of devices in short contact limit, and use it to
extract the 1D-2D contact resistivity which is as low as 10-6 Ω·cm2 for the ultra-short contacts.
We further demonstrate that the semimetal nanotubes with gate-tunable work function could form
good contacts to various 2D semiconductors including MoS2, WS2 and WSe2. The study on 1D
semimetal contact provides a basis for further miniaturization of nanoelectronics in the future.

One-Dimensional Semimetal Contacts to Two-Dimensio. Fig.1 a, False-colored SEM image of the back-gate
MoS2 (blue) FET with SWCNT contacts (white). b, Schematic diagram and equivalent circuit of the CNT-contacted
MoS2 FET. c, Extracted interface contact resistivity of the CNT/1L-MoS2 and CNT/4L-MoS2 heterojunction. d,State-of-the-art contact technology for MoS2 transistors plotted as a function of contact length.

References[1] Li, X. et al. One-dimensional semimetal contacts to two-dimensional semiconductors. Nature communications
14, 111 (2023).

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P120
ONE-DIMENSIONAL VAN DER WAALS (HETERO)²STRUCTURE
Y.J. Zheng 1,*, W. Dai 2, A. Kumamoto 2, Y. Sato 3, K. Otsuka 2, Q. Zhang 4, E.I. Kauppinen 4,
Y. Ikuhara 2, K. Suenaga 5, S. Maruyama 2, R. Xiang 1
Zhejiang University - Hangzhou (China)
The University of Tokyo - Tokyo (Japan)
3
AIST - Tsukuba (Japan)
4
Aalto University School of Science - Vantaa (Finland)
5
Osaka University - Osaka (Japan)*email: zhengyj@photon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
1

2

The first demonstration of high quality one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals (vdW)
heterostructure - single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs),
and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) sequentially wrapped as radial junction - has been achieved bychemical vapor deposition in 2020, which suggests the high potential of common 2D vdWheterostructures being rolled into their 1D counterparts [1-3]. A considerable literature has grown
up around the theme of 1D vdW heterostructures since then, but much of the research up to now
has been restricted to the limited types of 1D vdW heterostructure.
In this work, we take a further step and broaden the concept of 1D vdW heterostructure. For
starters, tubular tungsten disulfide (WS2) was achieved in SWCNT-BNNT-WS2 heterostructures
as the outermost layer. Furthermore, this WS2 can be axially combined with the previous tubular
MoS2 to form a 1D MoS2 - WS2 axial junction. Such nanotube structure is proven to be bothradially and axially hetero, and the whole structure is only confined to a width of 5 nm (Fig1b).
Besides 1D MoS2 - WS2 axial junction, 1D MoS2 - WS2 alloy nanotube can also be materialized
as the outermost layer (Fig1c). This “double hetero” structure not only has extended ourknowledge of the current 1D vdW heterostructure, but also lays the groundwork for future
research into the newly developed 1D vdW heterostructures as the next generation electronics oroptoelectronics.

(a) Broadening the concept of 1D vdW heterostructure to axial direction [3]. (b) ADF image and chemical
distribution of a 5 nm width nanotube which has both radial and axial junction. (c) ADF images showing theoutermost layer of MoS2 and WS2 can be combined to form the axial junction and alloy nanotube.

References[1] R. Xiang et al., Science, 367(6477), 537 (2020).
[2] Y. Zheng, et al., PNAS, 118(37), e2107295118 (2021).
[3] R. Xiang, et al., National Science Open 1(3), 20220016 (2022).

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P121
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MANY-BODY EXCITONIC TRANSITIONSOBSERVED IN ANTIFERROMAGNETIC FEW-LAYER NIPS3
C.H. Ho 1*
1

National Taiwan University of Science and Technology - Taipei (Taiwan)*email: chho@mail.ntust.edu.tw

NiPS3 is an antiferromagnetic 2D semiconductor with a Néel temperature (TN) for
antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition at about 150 K. In this work, band-edge excitons of
few-layer NiPS3 are characterized via micro-thermal-modulated reflectance (μTR) measurementsfrom 10 to 300 K. Prominent μTR features of the A exciton series and B are simultaneously
detected near the band edge of NiPS3. The A exciton series contains two sharp A1 and A2 levels
and one threshold-energy-related transition (direct gap, Eg), which are simultaneously detected at
the lower energy side of NiPS3. Moreover, one broadened B feature is present at the higher
energy side of the few-layer NiPS3. The A series excitons may correlate with a majorly d-to-dtransition in the Rydberg series with a threshold energy of Eg=1.511 eV at 10 K. The binding
energy of A1 is about 36 meV, and the transition energy is A1~1.366 eV at 300 K. The transitionenergy of B measured by μTR is about 1.894 eV at 10 K. The excitonic series A may directlytransit from the top of valence band to the conduction band of NiPS3, while the B feature might
originate from the spin-split-off valence band to the conduction band edge. The direct optical gapof NiPS3 is ~1.402 eV at 300 K, which can be confirmed by μTR and the transmittanceexperiments. Based on the experimental analysis, the band-edge nature of layered nickel
phosphorus trisulfide is thus realized.

Low-temperature excitonic series in NiPS3. (a) Band-edge excitons of the A series and B transition in few-layer
NiPS3 observed via μTR measurements at 10 K. Insets show the microscopic image and AFM results of the fewlayer sample on an SiO2/Si substrate. The lower inset depicts the representative scheme of Rydberg series absorption
for contrast. (b) Atomic arrangements of the side and top views for the layered Ni2P2S6 structure. (c) Representative
band-edge scheme for the A series exciton and B transition in NiPS3.
References[1] C. H. Ho, T. Y. Hsu, L. C. Muhimmah, npj 2D Mater. Appl. 5, 8 (2021).
[2] C. H. Ho, M. C. Tsai, M. S. Wong, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 081904 (2008).
[3] C. H. Ho, Z. Z. Liu. Nano Energy 56, 641-650 (2019).

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P122
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF METALLIC CARBON NANOTUBES:BEYOND THE STANDARD SEMI-EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR
PLASMONIC PREDICTIONS
D. Baux 1,*, P. Hermet 2, S. Campidelli 3, J.L. Bantignies 1, E. Rousseau 1, N. Izard 1
Laboratoire Charles Coulomb UMR5221 - Montpellier (France)
2
ICGM, Univ. Montpellier - Montpellier (France)
3
Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LICSEN - Gif-Sur-Yvette (France)*email: domitille.baux@umontpellier.fr
1

In recent years, plasmonics has become a rapidly growing area of research with the potential
to bring advancements in various fields such as sensing[1] and highly integrated photonic
devices[2]. In an effort of miniaturization, metallic Single-Wall Carbon NanoTubes (m-SWCNT)
could be envisioned as the smallest metallic wire, a building block for plasmonic devices at thenanoscale. In order to engineer such practical nanotube-based optical devices, the knowledge of
m-SWCNT complex dielectric constant is fundamental. However, experimental measurements
are mostly limited to unsorted samples[3] or focused only on a narrow frequency range[4].
Furthermore, most theoretical calculations have focused on the optical properties ofsemiconducting SWCNT or missed the intraband-transitions contribution of m-SWCNT. An
analytical model, known as the surface conductivity model[5], has also been developed but has
not been confronted with experiments. Therefore, we investigate the intraband-transitions
contribution to the optical properties of metallic carbon nanotubes both experimentally andtheoretically[6]. The experimental dielectric constant for m-SWCNT samples is derived fromreflectance measurements through electromagnetic modeling and Kramers-Kronig relations(figure a-b). It is found in remarkable agreement with the predictions from ab initio calculations
but demonstrates a failure of the standard semi-empirical model[5] (figure c), widely used invarious fields of physics especially for predicting the optical properties of many 2D materials.
We report new theoretical predictions for the plasma frequency of m-SWCNT unambiguously
validated by experimental observations.

m-SWCNT experimental complex dielectric constant (a) real and (b) imaginary part compared with DFT
calculations. (c) Cut-off energy as a function of the diameter from analytics (blue stars), DFT (red dots) andmeasurement (yellow area).
References[1] M. Butt et al., Fiber and Integrated Optics 40, 14 (2021)[2] S.A. Maier et al., Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 12, 1671 (2006)[3] G.A. Ermolaev et al., App. Phys. Lett. 116 231103 (2020)[4] Q. Zhang, J. Kono et al., Nano Lett. 13 5991 (2013)[5] G.Y. Slepyan et al., Phys. Rev. B 60, 17136 (1999)[6] D. Baux et al., arXiv:2301.11662 (2023)

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P123
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SORTED SINGLE WALL CARBON
NANOTUBES THIN FILMS
D. Baux 1, P. Hermet 2, S. Campidelli 3, J.L. Bantignies 1, E. Rousseau 1, N. Izard 1,*
L2C - Univ Montpellier - Montpellier (France)
ICGM - Univ Montpellier - Montpellier (France)
3
CEA LICSEN - Univ Paris-Saclay - Gif-Sur-Yvette (France)*email: nicolas.izard@umontpellier.fr
1

2

Carbon nanotubes are one-dimensional nano-objects that can have metallic or semiconducting
behavior depending on their geometry. In order to study or predict the optical response ofheterostructures made of carbon nanotubes, it is essential to know precisely their dielectric
functions over a wide spectral range at optical frequencies. We propose to extract and compare
the optical properties of sorted carbon nanotube films and investigate the effects of annealing.
The complex dielectric functions of semiconducting and metallic carbon nanotube films are
extracted from reflectance measurements carried out over a very wide spectral range from UV to
FIR using electromagnetic modeling and Kramers-Kronig analysis. We demonstrate that thedielectric function of a metallic carbon nanotube film behaves like a metal perfectly described bya Drude term whose parameters (plasma frequency ωp and damping γ ) are extracted fromexperimental measurements[1]. We highlight the effect of annealing on the intra/interband
transitions of metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotubes films and present their fundamental
optical properties.

Dielectric function of metallic (M) (red), unsorted (U) (yellow) and semiconducting (SC) (blue) carbon nanotube
films, real part in solid line and imaginary part in dotted line.

References[1] https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.11662

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P124
OPTIMIZING THE THERMOELECTRIC PERFORMANCE OF CARBON
NANOTUBE FILMS
J. Kobayashi 1*, T. Yamamoto 1
1

Tokyo Univ. of Sci. - Tokyo (Japan)*email: 1222704@ed.tus.ac.jp

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are suitable materials for flexible thermoelectric (TE) devices dueto their high flexibility and high electrical properties. Theoretical studies on the TE properties of
CNTs have mainly focused on individual CNTs thus far, and their TE properties have been
precisely analyzed [1]. Although as-grown CNTs are produced with a mixture of metallic andsemiconducting CNTs in the ratio of 1:2 during the formation process, this ratio can be controlled
and significantly influence the TE performance of CNT thin films [2]. Recently, two interesting
experiments on the TE performance of CNT thin films were reported. There is a discrepancy inthe mixture ratio dependence of the Seebeck coefficient of CNT thin films [3,4]. In anotherexperiment, in an aligned CNT thin film, the Seebeck coefficient of the CNT thin film isisotropic, while the electrical conductivity of the thin film is significantly anisotropic [5]. Since itis difficult to understand the TE properties of such CNT thin films from individual CNTs, it isdesirable to develop a new simulation method for CNT thin films consisting of large amounts of
CNTs. In this study, we developed a new method to analyze the TE performance of CNT thinfilms by mapping CNTs on a random stick network model and performing electrical and thermal
network analysis [6]. Using this method, we have successfully reproduced the gate voltage
dependence of the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of CNT thin films with various
types of mixture ratios reported by Ichinose et al. [2]. Furthermore, we succeeded in explaining
the above-mentioned discrepancy in the two experiments regarding the difference in the chemical
potential of CNT thin films. Finally, the same anisotropic electrical conductivity and isotropic
Seebeck coefficient were reproduced for the aligned CNT thin film as in the experimental [5].
The cause of the anisotropy in the electrical conductivity was clarified from the difference in theeffective number of contacts, and the cause of the isotropy in the Seebeck coefficient wasclarified from the uniformity of the voltage and temperature gradients.

References[1] T. Yamamoto and H. Fukuyama, Jpn. J. Phys. Soc. 87, 114710 (2018).
[2] Y. Ichinose et al., Nano Lett. 19, 7370 (2019).
[3] Y. Nakai et al., Appl. Phys. Express, 7 025103 (2014).
[4] W. Huang et al., Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 20, 97 (2019).
[5] K. Fukuhara et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 113, 243105 (2018).
[6] J. Kobayashi et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 61, 095001 (2022).

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P125
CONFINED SYNTHESIS OF ARMCHAIR GRAPHENE NANORIBBONSFROM VARIOUS PRECURSOR MOLECULES
Y. Chen 1, K. Tang 1, H. Zhang 1, K. Cao 2, L. Shi 1,*
Sun yat-sen University - Guangzhou (China)
Shanghai Tech University - Shanghai (China)*email: shilei26@mail.sysu.edu.cn

1
2

Contrast to gapless graphene, armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) possess remarkableenergy gaps depending on their widths. Precision synthesis of AGNRs with desired width was
only realized by on-surface polymerization of specific designed precursor hydrocarbon molecules[1]. Recently, we developed a method named confined synthesis [2] to synthesize AGNRs with
controlled width inside single-wall carbon nanotubes [3]. Unlike the on-surface synthesis, theconfined synthesis allows to synthesize specific AGNRs with various structures of precursor
molecules [4,5], since the molecules are first decomposed and then reassembled into AGNRs,
which is revealed through isotope experiments [6]. These results shed light on tailoring thestructure of AGNRs by using the carbon nanotubes but not the precursor molecules.

References[1] Jinming Cai et al., Nature, 2010, 466:470-473[2] Lei Shi et al., Nature Mater., 2016, 15:634-639[3] Hans Kuzmany et al., Carbon, 2021, 171:221-229[4] Kunpeng Tang et al., in preparation[5] Haoyuan Zhang et al., in preparation[6] Yingzhi Chen et al., in preparation

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P126
PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED
TRANSPARENT AND SOFT TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATORWITH FLUOROPOLYMER-PDMS MIXTURE DIELECTRIC LAYER
M. Matsunaga 1*, H. Uchiyama 1, Y. Ohno 1
Nagoya University - Nagoya (Japan)*email: matsunaga.masahiro.r0@f.mail.nagoya-u.ac.jp
1

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an energy harvesting technology that converts
mechanical vibration into electrical energy by triboelectrification and electrostatic induction [1].
TENG is highly expected as a power source for self-powered wearable devices because of its
remarkable features, such as high output, a simple structure, and low cost. Previously, we havereported a transparent stretchable TENG composed of carbon nanotubes andpolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) [2,3]. So far, we have improved the output performance bymodifying the surface of the dielectric layer. However, problems such as the complicated process
and the durability of the surface modification technique still need to be solved. In this study, we
focused on the dielectric layer consisting of a mixture of fluoropolymer and PDMS to improvethe durability and simplicity of the process. The TENG was composed of a carbon nanotube thinfilm as a transparent electrode and a mixture of PDMS and fluoropolymer as the dielectric layer.
We fabricated several TENGs with a different fraction of the fluoropolymer. The output
performance was evaluated by measuring the generated voltage through the external load
resistance under a constant mechanical vibration (~2 Hz). The output power density of thefabricated TENG was enhanced with fraction of the fluoropolymer, and the maximum output
power density of 1.75 W/m2 was obtained at a fraction of 2.35 wt% as shown in Fig.1. Because
the fluoropolymer has more negative triboelectric property than PDMS, the amount of thetriboelectric charge was increased to enhance the output power of the TENG.

Peak power density versus load resistance as a function of fraction of fluoropolymer.
References[1] Z. L. Wang, Mater. Today 20, 74 (2017).
[2] M. Matsunaga et al., Nano Energy 67, 104297 (2020).
[3] M. Matsunaga et al., Appl. Phys. Express 15, 027006 (2022).

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P127
PHOTOLUMINESCENCE FROM MAGNETIC IONIC LIQUID-GATED(6,5) SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE NETWORKS
A.A.E. Yumin 1*, Y. Huang 1, S. Wieland 1, J. Zaumseil 1
1Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg - Heidelberg (Germany)*email: ali.yumin@pci.uni-heidelberg.de

Excitons and charged excitons (trions) in Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) havebeen shown to be sensitive to their dielectric environment and charge carrier density.1, 2 Despiteextensive studies of the dielectric effects on excitonic states, the influence of a high spin
environment on emission - especially from trions with non-zero spin - remains unexplored.
Magnetic ionic liquids (MIL), which contain high-spin anions, are promising tools for creatingsuch environments while also enabling controlled electrolyte-gating and hence charge
accumulation. Here we employ a paramagnetic ionic liquid with the high-spin cobalt anion[Co(NCS)4]2- as the electrolyte for (6,5) SWCNT network transistors. Tunable hole and electron
accumulation are achieved and allows for the in-situ investigation of photoluminescence.
Emission quenching and shifts of the exciton and trion energies are observed depending on the
carrier polarity and hence the nature of the ions forming the electric double layer around the
SWCNTs.

Figure Schematic. a) Molecular structure of magnetic ionic liquid and b) schematic of electrolyte-gated SWCNT
networks transistor with side-gate.

References[1] Wieland, S.; El Yumin, A. A.; Gotthardt, J. M.; Zaumseil, J., Impact of Dielectric Environment on Trion
Emission from Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks. J. Phys. Chem. C 2023, 127 (6), 3112–3122.
[2] El Yumin, A. A.; Zorn, N. F.; Berger, F. J.; Heimfarth, D.; Zaumseil, J., Trion emission from frozen p-njunctions in networks of electrolyte-gated (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon 2023, 202, 547-553.

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P128
POLYIMIDE-CARBON NANOTUBE BASED CARBON AND GRAPHITE
FIBER WITH HIGH STRENGTH AND MODULUS AND CONDUCTIVITY
S.J. Heo 1, S.G. Kim 1, J. Kim 1, H.G. Chae 2, B.C. Ku 1,*
KIST - Jeonju (Korea, Republic of)
UNIST - Ulsan (Korea, Republic of)*email: cnt@kist.re.kr

1
2

In this study, high performance polymer-CNT composite fibers with high tensile strength(4.8 ± 0.2 GPa) and modulus (390 ± 48 GPa) were fabricated through wet-spinning method
without carbonization process [1]. Furthermore, composite polyimide (PI)-CNT composite fibers
has improved interfacial shear strength (IFSS) with compared to pristine CNT fibers andthermally treated graphitic fibers [2]. With optimized content of PI (30%), carbonized andgraphitized fibers represent exceptional mechanical and thermal properties through control ofvoid size in fiber and increased crystal size. In this presentation, the processing condition
including molecular weight of PI, CNT content, abd fiber alignment will be discussed.

References[1] B.-C. Ku et al., Ultrahigh strength and modulus of polyimide-carbon nanotube based carbon and graphitic fibers
with superior electrical and thermal conductivities for advanced composite applications, Composites Part B:
Engineering 247, 110342 (2022).
[2] B.-C. Ku et al., “Ultrahigh strength, modulus, and conductivity of graphitic fibers by macromolecular
coalescence,” Sci. Adv., 8(16), eabn0939 (2022).

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P129
POLYMER-LIKE TOUGHNESS ENABLING RECYCLING OF CNTFABRICS FOR SUSTAINABLE COMPOSITES
A. Mikhalchan 1,*, S. Ramos 1, M. Pasquali 2, C. González 1, J.J. Vilatela 1
IMDEA Materials Institute - Getafe (Spain)
2
Rice University - Houston (United States)*email: anastasiia.mikhalchan@imdea.org

1

The carbon nanotube based continuous fibres (CNTF) synthesized by floating catalyst CVD
process have already demonstrated high mechanical properties outperforming Kevlar, Vectran,
and some conventional carbon (CF) and glass (GF) fibres [1]. The high degree of axial alignmentand hierarchical structure of interconnected network of CNT bundles provide the basis forstructural toughness and mechanical reinforcement of composite structures [2-4]. The nextchallenge in CNTF development, along with the scale-up process with reduced carbon footprint
and CO2 emissions, is demonstration of the ¨recyclability-by-design¨ principle. In this work wedemonstrate, for the first time, the possibility of recycling the CNTF materials from their
thermoset composite laminates retaining the structure and longitudinal properties of CNTF
fabrics, which can be potentially re-processed for high value composite applications. The key
feature of CNTF textile materials is their inherent ability to preserve the interconnected networkof CNT bundles at the recycling step and intrinsic toughness, which enables their recycling withminimal deterioration to the format and electrical and mechanical properties at the macroscale. In
contrast, monolithic fibres, such as CF and GF, are prone to introduction of defects during
recycling due to their brittleness. Progressive degradation and sensitivity to defects such as
surface flaws in absence of sizing during recycling, result in loss of continuity and alignment,
reduction of length, and a rapid downgrade of mechanical performance, which restricts themfrom being suitable for the same applications. We discuss the structural features and their role inattaining the maximum retention of properties, such as full retention of modulus, and toughnessof CNTF fabrics in general via Essential Work of Fracture concept. The work sets the path forusing CNTF fabrics as a reinforcing material with superior material circularity and lifetime.

References[1] A. Mikhalchan, M. Vila, L. Arévalo, et al. Simultaneous improvements in conversion and properties ofmolecularly controlled CNT fibres, Carbon, 179:417-424, 2021.
[2] A. Mikhalchan, C. Madrona, L. Arévalo, et al. Improved alignment and stress transfer in CNT fibre fabrics
studied by in situ X-ray and Raman during wet-drawing. Carbon, 197:368-377, 2022.
[3] C. Gonzalez, J. J. Vilatela, J. M. Molina-Aldareguia, et al. Structural composites for multifunctional applications:current challenges and future trends. Progress in Materials Science, 89:194-251, 2017.
[4] A. Mikhalchan, J. J. Vilatela, A perspective on high-performance CNT fibres for structural composites. Carbon,
150:191-215, 2019.

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P130
PREFORMED NANO-POROUS CARBON NANOTUBE ARCHITECTURE
FOR THE MECHANICAL REINFORCEMENT OF THE POLYMERMATRIX NANOCOMPOSITES
Y. Oh 1*
1

Korea Institute of Materials Science - Changwon (Korea, Republic of)*email: youngsoh@kims.re.kr

Foam structures made of low-dimensional nanomaterials are fascinating for various
applications including electrodes for electrochemical energy storage, supports, templates, andmembranes [1]. Especially, porous architectures made of carbon nanotubes, which exhibit
exceptional high Young's modulus (~1 TPa) and tensile strength (~200 GPa), are attractive
candidates for composite preforms. These porous nanotube monoliths are typically fabricated via
chemical vapor deposition or chemical cross-linking methods, and they contain impurities fromsynthesis that cannot be removed without destroying the network. Furthermore, they offer limited
control over porosity, pore size, surface area, form-factor, and properties of the constituent
nanotubes. Here, we introduce a novel approach to creating a three-dimensional nanotube porousarchitecture with shape-controllability, using van der Waals interaction among isolated SWCNTs.
The resulting isotropic SWCNT network acts as a composite preform that can be used to makethermoplastic polymer (Thermoplastic Polyurethane, TPU) nanocomposites achieved by resin
impregnation process. The TPU/SWCNT composites we produced exhibit remarkable
improvements in both tensile modulus and strength, showing enhancements of 40,000% and9,700%, respectively, compared to both pristine SWCNT aerogel and bare TPU control sample[2]. The observed enhancements in tensile properties are consistent regardless of the tensile
direction, indicating an isotropic behavior. Furthermore, we observed that the nanoporous
nanotube networks have the ability to suppress the polymer glass transition and extend themechanical integrity of the polymer well above its polymer melting temperature. This suggeststhat the TPU/SWCNT composites have potential for structural applications in high-temperatureenvironments. Additionally, we found that both the nanotubes and polymer remain thermallystable above their decomposition temperatures, indicating good thermal stability.

Carbon nanotube preform based polymer composite. (a) A schematic of the fabrication steps. (b)Scanningelectron microscopy imaging of a cross section of nanotube aerogels of 0.8 vol % showed three-dimensional networkof isolated nanotubes. (c) Similar imaging of com posites with 25 vol % nanotubes showed that the nanotube
networks were unaffected by polymer infiltration, and the composites did not have any voids.
References[1] Kim, K. H.; Oh, Y.; Islam, M. F., Nat. Nanotechnol., 7, 562–566, 2012[2] Y. Oh, Mohammad, Acs Nano, 9, 4103-4110, 2015

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P131
PREPARATION OF CARBON NANOTUBE COLD CATHODE
MATERIALS WITH A WELL-ORIENTED MICROSTRUCTURE AS A
FIELD ELECTRON EMITTING DEVICE
Y.B. Kim 1, J.W. Lee 2, S.H. Gihm 1, C.R. Park 2, K. Jeong 1,*
Center for Materials Research and Development, aweXome Ray Inc. - Anyang, Gyeonggi-Do 14056(Korea, Republic of)2
Carbon Nanomaterials Design Laboratory, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, And Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Seoul National University - Seoul, 08826 (Korea, Republic of)*email: keunsoo.jeong@awexomeray.com
1

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained attention as a field electron source for cold cathodes in
X-ray tubes due to their low work function, good mechanical properties, and stability. [1] Various
manufacturing methods such as chemical vapor deposition, tailored bucky paper, and annealed
paste have been studied to produce CNT cold cathodes. [2-3] However, the relationship between
the structure of CNT emitters and field emission properties has not been thoroughly explored. We
prepared CNT fibers with different orientations using the direct spinning method and measured
the field emission stability of the emitter through a duration test. This study found that as theorientation of the CNT fiber increased, the field emission stability of the emitter improved. These
results suggest that the orientation of CNTs is a crucial factor that needs to be considered fordeveloping efficient CNT cold cathodes. This work contributes to understanding the relationshipbetween the structure of CNT emitters and their field emission properties and can serve as areference for future studies in this field.

References[1] CHEN, Guohai, et al. Field emission characteristics of point emitters fabricated by a multiwalled carbon
nanotube yarn. Nanotechnology, 2009, 20.31: 315201.
[2] HAN, Jun Soo, et al. High-Performance Cold Cathode X-ray Tubes Using a Carbon Nanotube Field Electron
Emitter. ACS nano, 2022, 16.7: 10231-10241.
[3] RYU, Je Hwang, et al. Effect of electrical aging on field emission from carbon nanotube field emitter
arrays. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing,
Measurement, and Phenomena, 2008, 26.2: 856-859.

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P132
PROBING INNER-TO-OUTER WALL ENERGY TRANSFER IN HIGHLY
PURE DOUBLE-WALL CARBON NANOTUBES BY DETAILED OPTICAL
SPECTROSCOPY
M. Erkens 1, D. Levshov 1, W. Wenseleers 1, L. Han 2, B.S. Flavel 2, J.A. Fagan 3, V.N. Popov 4,
S. Forel 5, M. Avramenko 1, E. Flahaut 6, S. Cambré 1,*
2

1
University of Antwerp - Antwerp (Belgium)
Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Karlsruhe (Germany)3
National Institute of Standards and Technology - Gaithersburg (United States)
4
Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia - Sofia (Bulgaria)
5
Université de Lyon I - Lyon (France)
6
CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS - Toulouse (France)*email: sofie.cambre@uantwerpen.be

Van der Waals interactions (VDW) in bulk materials are usually considered weak relative to theeffects of strong chemical bonding. However, in low-dimensional systems, VDW coupling cansignificantly modulate physical properties, leading to photoluminescence quenching, appearance of newelectronic transitions and significant shifts of existing optical resonance energies and phonon frequencies[1]. Here, we explore these effects in purified double-wall carbon nanotube[2] (DWCNT) samples by a
combination of absorption, wavelength-dependent photoluminescence-excitation (PLE) and resonant
Raman scattering (RRS) spectroscopy. The purified DWCNTs are obtained by careful solubilization thatstrictly avoids ultrasonication [3] or by electronic-type sorting [4], both followed by a density gradientultracentrifugation to remove unwanted SWCNTs. Chirality-dependent shifts of the vibrational andelectronic transitions of the inner and outer DWCNT walls, with respect to those of reference empty andwater-filled SWCNTs, are determined by detailed two-dimensional fitting of RRS and PLE spectra andcompared to theoretical predictions. This exhaustive data set verifies that fluorescence from the inner
DWCNT walls is completely quenched through efficient inner-to-outer wall energy transfer.[5] By
combining the PLE and RRS results, we provide evidence of the inner-to-outer wall energy transfer
through observation of additional peaks in the PLE maps that can be related to particular inner and outerwall chiral combinations of the DWCNTs. Furthermore, the detailed fitting allows us to analyze theenergy transfer as a function of the interlayer distance. The obtained results establish a novel structuralcharacterization approach based on combined PLE and RRS spectroscopy for bulk DWCNT samples.[5]Figure 1. (left) separation of DWCNTs by DGU, (middle) wavelength-dependent Raman and PLE of purified
DWCNTS and (right) energy transfer from inner to outer walls
References[1] S. Cambré et al., Small, 2021, 2102585, 1–26.
[2] E. Flahaut et al., Chem. Commun., 2003, 12, 1442-1443[3] M. Erkens et al., Carbon, 2021, 185, 113–125.
[4] H. Li et al., Nat. Nanotechnol, 2017, 12, 1176–1182.
[5] M. Erkens et al, ACS Nano 2022, 10, 16038

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P133
PROMISING HEAVY-METAL FREE EMISSIVE MATERIALS
A. Pidluzhna 1*, A. Vembris 1, R. Gržibovskis 1
1

Institute of Solid State physics, University of Latvia - Riga (Latvia)*email: anna.pidluzhna@cfi.lu.lv

In recent years, organic semiconductor materials have gained popularity due to their low-cost
synthesis, chemical compatibility, ease of handling, and simplified manufacturing processes.
Many emissive materials in semiconductive devices contain heavy and rare-earth metals andperform well. But heavy metals are toxic, and some are already restricted in the EU, so
developing heavy metal-free emitters is an important task in organic electronics.
Fluorene derivatives have shown promise as emitters due to their high photoluminescence
efficiency and good charge transport properties [1-2]. In this study, new family of fluorene-based
emissive substances was synthesized using n-buthyllithium and n-hexylbromide treatment offluorene in presence of bromine and FeCl3 and following Sonogashira coupling [3-4]. The film
thickness was controlled using a Dektak® 150 surface profiler. UV-vis-NIR absorption andphotoluminescence spectra were measured using an Ocean Optics HR4000 and fluorescence
spectrometer FLS1000, respectively. All photoelectrical measurements were taken in a highvacuum cryostat.
The synthesized compounds were found to have absorption maxima at 320-420 nm, emission
maxima at 390-430 nm, and a photoluminescence quantum yield of 53-59% for encapsulated
samples. They also had an ionisation energy of -5.9-6.2 eV, adiabatic gap of -2.6-2.9 eV, andelectron affinity of -2.9-3.3 eV. Based on these results, the synthesized substances show promisefor use in organic electronic devices.

References[1] doi:10.1021/ma900756w[2] doi:10.1002/adfm.200305032[3] doi:10.1021/ol010069r[4] doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-3765(19981102)4:11<2099::aid-chem2099>3.0.co;2-tNT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

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P134
QUANTUM DEFECTS IN CARBON NANOTUBES FOR
FUNCTIONALISATION AND SENSING
S. Kruss 1*
1

Ruhr-University Bochum - Bochum (Germany)*email: sebastian.kruss@rub.de

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a 1D nanomaterial that shows fluorescence inthe near infrared (NIR, >800nm). They have been assembled with biopolymers such as DNA toform highly sensitive molecular sensors. Such sensors change their fluorescence when theyinteract with analytes. Despite the progress in engineering of these sensors the underlying
mechanisms are still not understood. In the past, covalent chemistry was less explored tofunctionalize SWCNTs as it impairs NIR emission. However, certain sp3 defects (quantum
defects) in the carbon lattice have emerged that preserve NIR fluorescence and even introduce a
new, redshifted emission peak capable of single-photon emission. Here, we report on quantum
defects, introduced using lightdriven diazonium chemistry, that serve as anchor points forbiomolecules. We show surface functionalization, measure experimentally the number of defects
per SWCNT and their impact on photophysics. Additionally, we demonstrate how perturbation ofa system with quantum defects reveals the photophysical mechanism of SWCNT-based sensors
and provides opportunities for novel sensing concepts. Therefore, quantum defects are a versatile
platform to tailor photophysical properties as well as surface chemistry of SWCNTs for sensing
applications.

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P135
RADIAL EFFECTS IN DOUBLE-WALLED TRANSITION METALDICHALCOGENIDE NANOTUBES
D.S. Vadseth 1*, J. Brown 1, A. Page 1
1

University of Newcastle - Newcastle (Australia)*email: daniel.vadseth@uon.edu.au

Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanotubes (NTs) have been the focus of muchresearched since the early 2000’s. Computational studies have uncovered interesting properties ofa wide variety of TMDNTs, especially Mo and W dichalcogenides [1]. Mo and W
dichalcogenides have tunable band gaps dependent on structure and strain, hydrogen evolution
reaction catalytic properties [2], high carrier mobility, high on/off current ratio, and goodmechanical properties [3]. These properties make TMDNTs exciting for electronic,
optoelectronic, electrochemical, and mechanical applications. However, the structure relationshipbetween tubes in a multi-wall nanotube (MWNT) has not been comprehensively studied. Here,
we report structure-property relationships for double-wall (DW) TMDNTs (MX2, M = Mo, W, X
= S, Se, Te) as a function of the intertube distance. Interestingly, both armchair DW TMDNTs
exhibit a metastable DW structure with relatively narrow diameter (<3 nm), coinciding with anintertube distance ~0.5-1 Å larger than the optimal 2D bilayer distance (Mo to Mo). The stabilityof this narrow diameter tube increases with chalcogenide size (i.e. Te>Se>S), see Figure 1(a). For
zigzag DW TMDNTs, there are multiple metastable structures, and a range of outer tube
diameters have energies in the metastable region. The electronic structure of these DW TMDNTs
are structure-dependent; as the outer tube increases in diameter, the gaps between valence andconduction bands in both the outer and inner tubes increase.

Stability and band structure of DW TMD. Figure 1 - a) Stability of armchair double-wall (DW) Transition metal
dichalcogenide nanotubes. The energy of the DW tubes show a clear metastable region, and b) the projected band
structure of the MoS2 DW tubes, showing the band gap of the inner and outer tube increasing with outer tube
diameter.

References[1] R. de Alencar Rocha, et al., J Mol Model, 2019, 25, 290. [2] Y. Li, et al., Nanoscale Advances, 2021, 3, 65876595. [3] W. Li, et al., Nano Research, 2014, 7, 518–527.

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P136
RAMAN FINGERPRINTS OF TWISTED BILAYER GRAPHENE WITH
ISOTOPE LABELLING
J.L. Liu 1,*, Q.C. Ren 1, P. Zhao 2
Doctor - Hangzhou (China)
Professor - Hangzhou (China)*email: jinglanliu@zju.edu.cn
1

2

Raman spectroscopy has been widely used as a non-destructive technique to characterizegraphene. Here we discuss the different interlayer and intralayer electron-phonon interactions
underlying the different Raman peaks of bilayer graphene with different rotation angles using
13
C-substitution for one of the layers. Different from several previous reports[1,2], our results
reveal that the G, R and R' peaks are from the intralayer electron-phonon interactions for all
rotation angles, whereas the interlayer electron-phonon interactions make different contributions
to the G*, 2D and 2D' peaks according to the rotation angles. Moreover, based on the same
resonant rotation angle of the R' peak as that of the G peak, a possible scattering process of the R'
peak in bilayer graphene is given.Raman spectroscopy has been widely used as a non-destructive
technique to characterize graphene. Here we discuss the different interlayer and intralayerelectron-phonon interactions underlying the different Raman peaks of bilayer graphene withdifferent rotation angles using 13C-substitution for one of the layers. Different from several
previous reports[1,2], our results reveal that the G, R and R' peaks are from the intralayer electronphonon interactions for all rotation angles, whereas the interlayer electron-phonon interactions
make different contributions to the G*, 2D and 2D' peaks according to the rotation angles.
Moreover, based on the same resonant rotation angle of the R' peak as that of the G peak, apossible scattering process of the R' peak in bilayer graphene is given.

Raman spectra of bilayer graphene. Raman spectra of (a) 12/12C bilayer graphene and (b) 12/13C bilayer
graphene with different twist angle.

References[1] Robin W. Havener, Houlong Zhuang, Lola Brown, Richard G. Hennig, and Jiwoong Park. Angle-resolved
Raman imaging of interlayer rotations and interactions in twisted bilayer graphene, Nano lett. 2012. 12 (6): 31623167.
[2] G. S. N. Eliel, M. V. O. Moutinho, A. C. Gadelha, A. Righi, L. C. Campos, H. B. Ribeiro, Po-Wen Chiu, K.
Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, P. Puech, M. Paillet, T. Michel, P. Venezuela & M. A. Pimenta. Intralayer and interlayerelectron–phonon interactions in twisted graphene heterostructures, Nat. Commun. 2018. 9: 1221.

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RAMAN STRATEGY FOR DETERMINATION OF CHARGE TRANSFERIN INTERCALATED CARBON NANOTUBES
C. Madrona 1*, J.J. Vilatela 1
IMDEA Materials - Madrid (Spain)*email: cristina.1100@hotmail.com

1

The difficulty in calculating charge transfer (f) through Raman spectroscopy in CNTs resides
in that multiple contributions lead to shifts of the so-called G modes upon doping, among them astrain effect produced by the shortening/elongation of the carbon-carbon bond lengths upon
doping with acceptors/donors [1]. A wise way of obtaining charge transfer in acceptorintercalated DWCNTs was proposed by Puech et al. [2]. Briefly, strain caused in the hexagonallattice of the outer wall upon acceptor doping causes hydrostatic compression of the inner wall,whose ratio of G-shifts is known by Raman experiments (∆Gϵout=1.7·∆Gϵin). In their study, thetotal G shift of the inner wall is entirely attributed to the compression caused by the outer wall,
because it is of general knowledge in this field that most of the charge transferred by the dopant
is kept at the wall in contact. Then, charge transfer is obtained from the known factor of
proportionality of the strain contribution to the G-shift (∆Gϵout=350·f). The contribution of thiswork [3] in the analysis of charge transfer through Raman measurements is to separate (and thus
accounting for) the charge transferred by the dopant to the inner wall, in order to obtain theoverestimation of charge transfer to the outer wall (and thus Fermi level shift) at neglecting it.
For that, we make use of the different ratios of Δ2D/ΔG observed upon hydrostatic compression
alone and upon p-type doping (see Figure 1.a). The results indicate that charge transfer is being
overestimated by ~30% (blue diamond labeled uncorrected in Figure 1.b). Interestingly, there is acorrelation between our FeCl3-intercalated collapsed DWCNTs and Puech’s H2SO4-intercalated
DWCNTs, as shown in Figure 1.b, giving hope for a master curve in which analysis of G-shifts
alone directly give us charge transfer with any acceptor dopant.

a) Raman 2D-G representation for pristine and FeCl3-intercalated fibers of collapsed DWCNTs. b) Data plot of ∆G
as a function of charge transfer for acceptor doping of different systems [3].

References[1] Lazzeri, M., & Mauri, F. (2006). Physical review letters, 97(26).
[2] Puech, P., et al. (2012). Physical Review B, 85(20).
[3] Madrona, C., Vila, M., Oropeza, F. E., Víctor, A., & Vilatela, J. J. (2021). Carbon, 173.

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RAPIDLY MODULATED WIDE-SPECTRUM INFRARED SOURCE
MADE OF SUPER ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBE FILM FOR
GREENHOUSE GAS MONITORING
P. Liu 1*, llw17 Lai 1
1

Tsinghua University - Beijing (China)*email: pengliu@tsinghua.edu.cn

Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas monitoring has advantages of environment stability,
convenient operation and maintenance, wide detection range, and multi-gas-detection capability.
However, the conventional IR sources for NDIR gas monitoring, such as miniature lamps,
microelectromechanical system (MEMS) light sources, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs), canonly work at narrow modulation frequency and spectral range, or require complicated design andfabrication, because of the constraint of materials and work principle. These issues cause low
data acquisition rate, poor anti-interference ability and limited gas compatibility to NDIR. Here,the super-aligned carbon nanotube (SACNT) film is developed as an IR source in NDIR gas
monitoring system. It has a wide spectral range (0.2–334 μm), a facile fabrication method, andcan work up to a high frequency ≈150 kHz. A mechanicalchoper-free and wide-concentrationrange monitoring equipment for CO2 and CH4 greenhouse gases is demonstrated with SACNT
film IR source. The concentration ranges for CO2 and CH4 investigated in this paper are 0.0195–
20.10% (v/v) and 0.10–17.11% (v/v), respectively. It can be easily applied to monitor other kindsof gases as well.

References
L. W. Lai; P. Liu; D. L. Zhou; Q. Q. Li; S. S. Fan; W. Lu, Rapidly Modulated Wide-Spectrum Infrared Source
Made of Super Aligned Carbon Nanotube Film for Greenhouse Gas Monitoring. Adv Funct Mater 2022, 33,
2208891.
P. Liu; L. Liu; Y. Wei; K. Liu; Z. Chen; K. L. Jiang; Q. Q. Li; S. S. Fan, Fast High-Temperature Response of
Carbon Nanotube Film and Its Application as an Incandescent Display. Adv Mater 2009, 21 (35), 3563-3566.

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REAL-TIME MYCOTOXIN DETECTION USING GRAPHENE-BASEDAPTASENSORS
S. Jaric 1, I. Bobrinetskiy 1*
1Biosense Institute - Novi Sad (Serbia)*email: bobrinet@biosense.rs

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by microfungi such as Aspergillus andPenicillium genera and one of the most common and dangerous contaminants in food, feed, andagricultural products [1]. They can be found in a variety of foodstuffs, including cereals, dried
fruit, and drinks [2]. A specific graphene field-effect transistor (GFET)-based aptasensor wasdeveloped for the detection of highly toxic Ochratoxin A (OTA), which relies on an array of
GFETs integrated on a single silicon chip. We experimentally studied the aptamer
reconfiguration process during binding a specific target molecule, i.e. OTA, the interaction of anaptamer with graphene, and how the variation of ionic strength of a solution influences thesensitivity of our biosensor [3]. We suggest that aptamer, when free-standing, is weakly adsorbed
on graphene’s surface via π-π stacking, which is experimentally confirmed by a left-shift of Diracpoint in transfer characteristic of GFET (n-doping) compared to PBASE-modified graphene. On
the other hand, when the aptamer binds the OTA molecule, it undergoes 3D reconfiguration into
G-quadruplex and desorbs from the graphene surface, which initiates the right-shift of charge
neutrality point (p-doping). We showed that, by decreasing ionic strength 10 times, the sensitivity
can be improved due to increased electrostatic gating from aptamer G-quadruplex structure,
which confirms the idea of aptamer desorption from the graphene surface upon OTA binding.
The graphene-aptamer sensors reported here demonstrate fast assay with the lowest detection
limit of 1.4 pM for OTA within a response time as low as 10 s [4], which is more than 30 times
faster compared to any other reported aptamer-based methods for mycotoxin detection.
This work was supported in part by projects funded from European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme: ANTARES, under grant agreement No. 664387(https://doi.org/10.3030/739570) .

References[1] Guo, X., Wen, F., Zheng, N., Saive, M., Fauconnier, M.-L., Wang, J., 2020. Aptamer-Based Biosensor for
Detection of Mycotoxins. Front. Chem. 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2020.00195[2] Sheikh-Zeinoddin, M., Khalesi, M., 2019. Biological detoxification of ochratoxin A in plants and plant products.
Toxin Rev. 38, 187–199.
[3] Nekrasov, N., Kireev, D., Emelianov, A. and Bobrinetskiy, I., 2019. Graphene-based sensing platform for onchip ochratoxin a detection. Toxins, 11(10), p.550.
[4] Nekrasov, N., Jaric, S., Kireev, D., Emelianov, A.V., Orlov, A.V., Gadjanski, I., Nikitin, P.I., Akinwande, D. andBobrinetskiy, I., 2022. Real-time detection of ochratoxin A in wine through insight of aptamer conformation in
conjunction with graphene field-effect transistor. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 200, p.113890.

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P140
RELEASE OF SELECTED ANTICANCER DRUGS FROM THE
INTERNAL SPACE OF CARBON NANOTUBES FUNCTIONALIZED BY
DNA FRAGMENTS ANALYZED BY MEANS OF MOLECULAR
DYNAMICS
T. Panczyk 1,*, P. Wolski 1, K. Nieszporek 2
Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, PAS - Krakow (Poland)
Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin - Lublin (Poland)*email: tomasz.panczyk@ikifp.edu.pl
1

2

In this study we are going to show, on the molecular level, how carbon nanotubes, CNT,
functionalized by cytosine-rich DNA fragments interact with doxorubicin (DOX) and that it ispossible to engineer an interesting pH-controlled carrier of doxorubicin in that way. Our
predictions are based on the application of molecular dynamics simulations with the adequately
chosen force fields for each component of the system. We found that at neutral pH the cytosinerich DNA fragments (i-motif precursors) and DOX molecules intercalate each other and thewhole object can be attached to the carbon nanotube using covalent linkages. Reduction of pH
leads to folding of these DNA fragments into noncanonical i-motif DNA structure which weaklyinteracts with DOX. Thus, we will show that cytosine-rich DNA fragments linked to the CNT
tips form together a pH sensitive carrier of DOX. The carrier keeps DOX molecules lockedwithin DNA chains and inside the CNT at neutral pH and unlocks them at slightly acidic pH.
[1]We also found [2] that another anticancer drug, carmustine, can be stored in the carbon
nanotube interior for a long time due to hydrophobic interactions. The access of water tocarmustine phase in the CNT interior can be controlled by the state of cytosine rich DNA
fragments covalently bound to the CNT tips and to the presence of doxorubicin moleculesintercalated within bundles of DNA fragments. More effective control of water access andsubsequent decomposition of carmustine due to the contact with water was observed when somesmall amount of doxorubicin molecules cork the CNT ends. Our analysis shows that carmustine
decomposition products naturally separate when decomposition occurs within the CNT. The
alkylating agent, chloroethyl carbonium cation, spontaneously escapes from the CNT but the
carboamoylation agent, chloroethyl isocyanate, is still kept within the nanotube interior. The
separation process and release of the alkylating agent needs uncorking the nanotube bydoxorubicin molecules. The latter process is likely to occur spontaneously at acidic pH whenintercalation of doxorubicin within the DNA fragments becomes ineffective. The features of the
proposed molecular model, obtained form molecular dynamics simulations, can be beneficial indesign of novel smart drugs carriers to a tumor microenvironment revealing the reduced
extracellular pH.
Acknowledgment: This work was supported by Polish National Science Centre grant2017/27/B/ST4/00108.

References[1] P. Wolski, K. Nieszporek, T. Panczyk, Cytosine-Rich DNA Fragments Covalently Bound to Carbon Nanotube as
Factors Triggering Doxorubicin Release at Acidic pH. A Molecular Dynamics Study, IJMS. 22 (2021) 8466.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168466.
[2] P. Wolski, K. Nieszporek, T. Panczyk, Regulation of water access, storage, separation and release of drugs fromthe carbon nanotube functionalized by cytosine rich DNA fragments, Biomaterials Advances. 137 (2022) 212835.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212835.

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RESONANCE RAMAN SCATTERING OF (7,7) ARMCHAIR CARBON
NANOTUBES
H. Kataura 1*, M. Tsuzuki 1, M. Kubota 1, T. Tanaka 1
1

NMRI, AIST - Tsukuba (Japan)*email: h-kataura@aist.go.jp

The analysis of Raman spectra of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is almost well established.
However, the defect-derived D-band has not yet been fully discussed. The D-band in graphene is
explained by the double resonance effect, but it is not obvious whether a similar argument ispossible for CNTs. Since a typical CNT sample is a mixture of various structures, it has beendifficult to determine the resonance effects of individual CNTs. In this study, we measured
resonance Raman scattering of (7,7)-armchair single-chirality CNTs and investigated theresonance effects of each vibrational mode. The figure shows the optical absorption of (7,7) andthe intensity changes in G-band and D-band. Since the (7,7)-type is metallic, a double resonanceeffect similar to that of graphene is expected. However, we found that the D-band shows a typicalresonance effect similar to the G-band, and the double resonance effect as seen in graphene is not
so pronounced. This result suggests that the G/D ratio of CNTs is not enhanced by the G-band
resonance effect. This result indicates that G/D can be a comparable metric for defect evaluationof CNTs to that of graphene, but the meaning of the value should be carefully discussed.

Results of Resonance Raman Scattering. Optical absorption spectrum and the intensities of G-band and D-band of(7,7) armchair CNTs dispersed in water.

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P142
ROBUST METHOD FOR V2O5 COATING OF CARBON NANOTUBESFOR NEXT GENERATION TRANSPARENT ELECTRODES AND LI-ION
BATTERIES
D. Ilatovskii 1, D. Krasnikov 1, A. Goldt 1, S. Mousavihashemi 2, J. Sainio 2, E. Khabushev 2,
A. Alekseeva 1, S. Luchkin 1, Z. Vinokurov 3, A. Shmakov 3, A. Elakshar 1, T. Kallio 2,
A. Nasibulin 1,*
1

Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology - Moscow (Russian Federation)
2
Aalto University - Espoo (Finland)
3
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS - Novosibirsk (Russian Federation)*email: a.nasibulin@skol.tech

Composite materials comprising vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) coating on a surface of singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a promising component for emerging applications intransparent conductors, solar cells, chemical and electrochemical sensors, etc. In this work, we
propose a novel, simple, and facile approach for SWCNT coating with V2O5 by means of asimple spin coating under ambient conditions. With the mechanism, involving hydrolysis of V2O5
precursor (vanadyl triisopropoxide) followed by polycondensation directly on the surface ofcarbon nanotubes under ambient conditions, we observe the produced nm-thick layer oxide to beamorphous with a work function of 4.6 eV. The heating to 500-600⁰C allows the material torecrystallize, achieving the work function of 5.8 eV. The method addresses the key advantages ofthe production of V2O5/SWCNTs composite material: the obtained coating is uniform with atunable thickness and it does not require vacuum or heating during the processing. We prove themethod applicability by achieving groundbreaking results for two V2O5/SWCNT applications:transparent electrodes and cathode for Li-ion batteries. As a transparent electrode, the composite
shows stable sheet resistance of 160 Ω/sq at a 90% transmittance in the middle of the visible
range – the best performance for SWCNTs doped by metal-oxides. As a cathode material, theobtained specific capacity (330 mAh/g) is the highest among all the other V2O5/SWCNT
cathodes reported so far. These results open new horizons for the next generation of composite
materials based on vanadium oxides for various applications, including optoelectronics andelectrochemistry.
This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation grant number: 22-13-00436.

Scheme of SWCNT coating at ambient conditions by nanometer-thick V2O5 layer using vanadyl triisopropoxide(VTIP) dissolved in isopropanol.

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P143
SCALE-UP PROCESS, MORPHOLOGY CONTROL AND MULTIPROPERTIES OF AEROGELS FROM RECYCLE FIBERS OF VARIOUS
WASTES
X.Y. Goh 1, R.H. Ong 1, L.T. Nguyen 1, H.M. Duong 1*
1

National University of Singapore (NUS) - Singapore (Singapore)*email: mpedhm@nus.edu.sg

At present, commercial aerogels on the market are costly, and largely used for heat and soundinsulation. The manufacturing process also releases toxic levels of carbon emission. To solvethese challenges, we have devised sustainable methods of upcycling different types of waste suchas paper, textile, plastic, rubber, metal, fly ask, agriculture waste, food waste etc. into multifunctional large-scale aerogels. Compared to standard aerogel methods, our aerogel technologies
are very cost-effective (due to 70% of energy saving), faster (18 times) and environmentallyfriendly (no toxic usage and much less CO2 emission with 0.1 kg CO2 emission/aerogel m2). The
affordable aerogels products can be reused, recycled and disposed safely. The aerogel products
can be used for engineering applications such as:- Cheap fire-retardant coats/jackets and carbon dioxide absorption masks that help people escapea fire safely. When coated with flame retardants, our products can withstand temperatures of up
to 1400oC – 15 times more fireproof than the thermal lining in conventional fire-fighting suits,
but at about 20% of the weight.
- Better heat and sound insulation in buildings to reduce energy use of air conditioners andheating systems and reduce 70% of the ambient (e.g., vehicle) noise. Our products reduce soundbetter than any conventional insulation foam, and it also insulates against heat many times better
than fibreglass.
- Cleaning oil spills and organic solvents at factories. E.g., when our aerogel products are coatedwith certain water-repellent chemicals, they absorb up to seven times more oil than existing
commercial sorbents can – and at a faster rate.
- Personal care products like diapers.
- Medical uses as human fat trappers. Based on our product test results, one capsule of pineapple
leaf fibres can absorb almost all the saturated fats from eating one hamburger.
- Rapid haemorrhage control in trauma settings (e.g., conflict zones). Our compressed pellets
expand and apply pressure on the wound to stop the blood flow. Each pellet can expand to 16
times its size in 4.5 seconds and absorb more blood three times faster than existing pellets.

References[1] YT Dang et al., J. Porous Materials, 2022, 1-14
[2] JW Loh et al., J. Poi. Env., 2022, 30 (2), 681-694[3] NHN Do et al., sep. Pur. Tech, 2022, 283, 120200[4] QB Thai et al., Col. Surf. A, 2021, 682, 127363[5] PTT Nguyen, 2021, Waste Bio. Val, 2021, 1-23
[6] J Feng et al., 2015, Chem. Eng. J., 2015, 270, 168-175

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P144
SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TO
CHARACTERIZE THE STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL STATE OFIODINE CHAINS IN CNT WIRES
S. Yamazaki 1,*, Y. Iizumi 2, T. Inaba 2, T. Morimoto 2, T. Okazaki 2
Furukawa Electric co., Ltd - Yokohama (Japan)
2
AIST - Tsukuba (Japan)*email: satoshi.mayama.yamazaki@furukawaelectric.com
1

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are expected to be an electrical conductor for the next generationof electrical wires due to their low electrical resistance and lightweight [1]. CNT wires have ahierarchical structure in which multiple CNTs of a few nm in diameter are assembled into
bundles, and these bundles are further agglomerated. The main difficulty in developing CNT
wires is the increase in electrical resistivity as the hierarchical structure moves up. Iodine doping
is a method to reduce the electrical resistivity of CNT wires, and it has been reported that theelectrical resistivity is reduced by doping iodine into CNT wires [2]. However, there are few
reports on the detailed structure, position and chemical state of iodine in CNT wires. Therefore,
we doped CNT wire with iodine elements under high temperature and high pressure, andevaluated the structure, position and chemical state of doped iodine using scanning transmission
electron microscopy (STEM) - electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for iodine-doped CNT
wire. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements were also performed to confirm thebulk chemical state of the doped iodine. Fig. 1 (a) shows the cross-sectional STEM image of theiodine-doped CNT wire. The bright areas are iodine and it can be seen that the iodine isencapsulated within the CNTs and between the CNT-CNTs. The EELS spectra of these iodinematerials show no significant differences in their chemical states, with peaks at E = 644 & 655
eV (Fig. 1 (b)). Fig. 1 (c) shows the XAFS spectrum (M-edge) of the iodine-doped wire, which isin good agreement with the EELS spectrum. It has been confirmed that the electrical resistivity of
CNT wires decreases by 15-20 % after iodine doping, and the origin of this phenomenon will bereported on the day as other structural analysis results.

STEM-EELS and XAFS. Fig. 1 (a) Cross-sectional STEM image of iodine-doped CNT wire. (b) EELS spectra ofiodine in CNT wire. (c) XAFS spectrum of iodine-doped CNT wire.

References[1] Lauren W. Taylor et al., Carbon. 171, 689-694(2021).
[2] Yao Zhao et al., Scientific Reports. 83, 1-5(2011).

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P145
SEALING OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBESENCAPSULATING WATER MOLECULES
R. Kaneda 1*, K. Kozaki 1, S. Sato 1, K. Sakakibara 1, K. Otsuka 1, S. Maruyama 1, S. Chiashi 1
1

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tokyo - Tokyo (Japan)*email: kaneda@photon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is a nanomaterial with hollow structure. Water
molecule encapsulation into SWCNT has been investigated by Raman scattering[1] andphotoluminescence[2]. There is a limit to the chirality that can be measured with these methods,
however, Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy can measure SWCNTs of all chirality. The previous
research[3] revealed that SWCNTs encapsulate water molecules at high water vapor pressure andrelease them at low pressure or vacuum, but there are no reports about sealing water molecules in
SWCNTs. In this study, we observed water encapsulation in SWCNTs by Rayleigh scattering
spectroscopy and performed opening and closing SWCNTs by pulse laser irradiation. The
suspended SWCNTs were synthesized on SiO2/Si slit substrates by fast-heating gas-flow
CVD[4]. Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy was performed in an environmental chamber with
controlling the water vapor pressure. The Rayleigh scattering spectra from as-grown(○) andopened(▽) SWCNT in water vapor are shown in Fig. 1(a). After opening, the peak energy redshifted in water vapor and no red-shift was observed in vacuum. The red shift was caused bywater molecule encapsulation and the water molecule went out when the SWCNTs were in
vacuum (Fig. 1(b)). Pulse laser irradiation with higher power density in water vapor was
performed to close the SWCNT, and its spectrum is shown in Fig. 1(a) as red curve with square
markers(□). The red-shift was observed even in vacuum. This suggests that the SiO2 layer was
melted by higher power laser irradiation and it sealed the once opened SWCNT (Fig. 1(b)). In
conclusion, we successfully opened and closed the suspended SWCNT with pulse laser
irradiation, and sealed water molecules in it.

(a)Rayleigh scattering spectra of as-grown(○), open-end(▽) and closed-end(□) SWCNTs, and the schematic imagesof water molecule encapsulation in (b)open-end and (c)closed-end SWCNT.
References[1] W. Wenseleers et al., Adv. Mater. 19, 2274 (2007).
[2] S. Cambré et al., ACS Nano 6, 2649 (2012).
[3] S. Chiashi et al., ACS Nano 13, 1177 (2019).
[4] S. Huang et al., Nano Lett. 4, 1025 (2004).

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P146
SEM IMAGING OF INSULATING SPECIMEN THROUGH A
TRANSPARENT CONDUCTING VEIL OF CARBON NANOTUBE
X.Y. Gao 1, Y.C. Ju 1*
1

Physics Department, Tsinghua University - Beijing (China)*email: jyc20@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn

Observing the morphology of insulating specimen in scanning electron microscope (SEM) isof great significance for the nanoscale semiconductor devices and biological tissues. However,the charging effect will cause image distortion and abnormal contrast when observing insulating
specimen in SEM. A typical solution to this problem is using metal coating or water-removableconductive coating. Unfortunately, in both cases the surface of the specimen is covered by a thinlayer of conductive material which hides the real surface morphology and is very difficult to becompletely removed after imaging. Here we show a convenient, residue-free, and versatilemethod to observe real surface morphology of insulating specimen without charging effect in
SEM with the help of a nanometer-thick film of super-aligned carbon nanotube (SACNT). This
thin layer of SACNT film, like metal, can conduct the surface charge on insulating specimen
through the sample stage to the ground, thus eliminating the charging effect. SACNT film canalso be used as the conductive tape to carry and immobilize insulating powder or particles during
SEM imaging. Different from the metal coating, SACNT film is transparent, so that the real
microstructure of the insulating specimen surface can be observed. In addition, SACNT film canbe easily attached to and peeled off from the surface of specimen without any residue. This
convenient, residue-free, and versatile method can open up new possibilities in non-destructive
SEM imaging of a wide variety of insulating materials, semiconductor devices, and biologicaltissues.

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P147
SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT OF THE IN-PLANE AND
INTERLAYER THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES OF BILAYER GRAPHENE
USING ISOTOPE-LABELLED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
Y. Zhang 1*, Q. Ren 1, J. Liu 1, J. Fang 1, P. Zhao 1
1

Zhejiang University - Hangzhou (China)*email: yangzhang97@zju.edu.cn

The thermal properties of bilayer graphene (BLG) play an important role in the developmentof its promising electronic devices, but the low temperature gradient and overlapped Raman
signals have presented bottlenecks for the measurements using the widely used technique of timedomain thermoreflectance and Raman spectroscopy. Here we synthesize BLG with the bottom
layer labelled by 13C atoms by chemical vapor deposition, and simultaneously measure theinterlayer thermal conductivity ( G ) and in–plane thermal conductivity ( K ) of each layer
utilizing their different Raman feedbacks. Based on the experimental data, a modified heatdiffusion equation suggests that the G has a considerable high value of 105±3 MW/m2•K, and ofeach layer is significantly reduced compared with their monolayers. We believe the result can
provide a support for more BLG thermal engineering research and the method can be extended toother 2D stacks as well.

Thermal measurement of bilayer graphene and experimental results using isotope-labeling Raman spectroscopy.

References[1] Chen, Y. et al. Interfacial thermal conductance in graphene/black phosphorus heterogeneous structures. Carbon
2017, 117, 399-410.
[2] Wei, Z.; Ni, Z.; Bi, K.; Chen, M. & Chen, Y., Interfacial thermal resistance in multilayer graphene structures.
Phys. Lett. A 2011, 375 (8), 1195-1199.
[3] Li, Z. et al. Size Dependence and Ballistic Limits of Thermal Transport in Anisotropic Layered TwoDimensional Materials. Mesoscale Nanoscale Phys. 2017, 1711.
[4] Kim, S. E. et al. Extremely anisotropic van der Waals thermal conductors. Nature 2021, 597 (7878), 660-665.
[5] Hu, S.; Chen, J.; Yang, N. & Li, B., Thermal transport transport in graphene with defect and doping: Phononmodes analysis. Carbon 2017, 116, 139-144.
[6] Ren, W. et al. The Impact of Interlayer Rotation on Thermal Transport Across Graphene/Hexagonal Boron
Nitride van der Waals Heterostructure. Nano Lett. 2021, 21 (6), 2634-2641.
[7] Bonini, N.; Lazzeri, M.; Marzari, N. & Mauri, F., Phonon anharmonicities in graphite and graphene. Phys. Rev.
Lett. 2007, 99 (17).
[8] El Sachat, A.; Alzina, F.; Sotomayor Torres, C. M. & Chavez-Angel, E., Heat Transport Control and Thermal
Characterization of Low-Dimensional Materials: A Review. Nanomaterials 2021, 11 (1).

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P148
SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES SYNTHESIZED BY LASERABLATION FROM COAL
S. Chen 1, Y. Li 1*
1

College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University - Beijing (China)*email: yanli@pku.edu.cn

Developing methods to synthesize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a greener
way is of long-term interests. Laser ablation, developed in 1995, is an important method tosynthesize SWCNTs. [1] However, different from chemical vapor deposition and arc discharge, it
uses solid carbon sources without preference in conductivity. This endows a great flexibility incarbon source selection for laser ablation. Using coal as the carbon source and Co/Ni as thecatalyst, we synthesized high-quality SWCNTs (Fig. 1a, 1b). We studied the effects oftemperature, pressure, Ar flow rate, and the ratio of Co/Ni on the yield and diameter distributionof SWCNTs. Separations based on diameter and conductivity were realized by aqueous twophase extraction. Semiconducting SWCNTs (Fig. 1c) sorted by PCz ((poly[9-(1-octylonoyl)-9Hcarbazole2,7-diyl]) were used to fabricate high-performance field effect transistors.
Acknowledgement: We thank Prof. Yohji Achiba and Prof. Shigeo Maruyama for the helpful
discussion.

Fig.1. Characterizations and separation results of SWCNTs synthesized by LA. (a) SEM image. (b) Raman spectrawith different excitation wavelengths. (c) Absorption spectrum of semiconducting SWCNTs sorted by PCz.

References[1] T. Guo, et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 243, 49 (1995).

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P149
PIEZORESISTIVE AND THERMORESISTIVE RESPONSES OF CARBON
NANOTUBE FIBERS: TOWARDS ENABLING INTEGRATED SENSING
J. Abot 1*, T. Tayyarian 1, I. Garcia Guerra 1, M. Alsubhani 1, A. Pirmoz 1
1

The Catholic University of America - Washington (United States)*email: abot@cua.edu

Carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns (CNTY) are fiber-like structures composed of thousands ofcarbon nanotubes in their cross-section. The hierarchical structure and microscale dimensions of
CNTYs make them candidates for the development of sensors that could be integrated inmaterials [1]. The change in the electrical resistance of CNTYs when subjected to a mechanicalstrain, known as piezoresistivity, is the principal mechanism in strain sensing using CNTYs. The
piezoresistive response in the direction of the yarn (axial direction) is relatively well-known
experimentally [2], but the axial piezoresistive response under compression had not been studied
due to the complexities associated with the nature of the experiments involving subjecting aslender fiber to compression loading in its axial direction. More recently, their piezoresistive
response under axial compression has been determined using a single CNTY embedded into apolymeric resin (CNTY monofilament composite). The effect of the strain rate on the sign ofpiezoresistivity and the sensitivity are discussed in detail for both the freestanding CNTYs andthe CNTY monofilament composites. Also, the piezoresistive responses under axial tension andaxial compression are compared and discussed including insights into the various mechanical andphysical mechanisms. Currently, the piezoresistive of the CNTYs in its lateral direction is being
investigated experimentally and some preliminary results are presented along with the novel
experimental setups. Piezoimpedance is the change of electrical impedance upon the applicationof a mechanical strain and recent results about the impedance and the piezoimpedance responseof CNTYs are also discussed for frequencies up to the GHz-range. The electrical resistance of
CNTYs can also vary due to a temperature change and the thermoresistive sensitivity isquantified by the normalized variation of electrical resistance change per unit of temperature
given by the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) [4]. The cyclic thermoresistive responseof CNTY monofilament composites under heating–cooling, incremental heating–cooling, andincremental dwell cycles is discussed considering the effect of the curing temperature of thepolymeric matrix on the electrical response of the CNTY monofilament composites [3]. The
intrinsic thermoresistivity of CNTYs and the resin infiltration of the CNTY are used to explain
the analyzed thermoresistive response. The progress in developing sensor prototypes to measurestrain, temperature or detect damage and others, relying on the above mechanisms, is described
including the present challenges.

References[1] Anike, J. C. and Abot, J. L. Chapter 11: Sensors Based on CNT Yarns, Carbon Nanotube Fibres and Yarns Production, Properties and Applications In Smart Textiles, edited by M. Miao, Elsevier, ISBN 978081027226(2019).
[2] Anike, J. C., Belay, K. and Abot, J. L. Effect of twist on the electromechanical properties of carbon nanotube
yarns. Carbon 142: 491-503 (2019).
[3] Tayyarian, T., Rodríguez-Uicab, O., and Abot, J. L. Monitoring of curing and cyclic thermoresistive responseusing monofilament carbon nanotube yarn silicone composites. J. Carbon Res. 7, 60 (2021).

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SOLID-STATE DEFECT INTRODUCTION INTO NETWORKS OF (6,5)
SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
S. Wieland 1*, S. Settele 1, A.A. El Yumin 1, J. Zaumseil 1
1

Heidelberg University - Heidelberg (Germany)*email: sonja.wieland@pci.uni-heidelberg.de

The optical properties of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) aregoverned by excitons with narrow emission in the near-infrared. Covalent functionalization of
SWCNTs can create luminescent defects with even further red-shifted emission and longer
photoluminescence lifetimes. The defect emission energy is mainly determined by the binding
configuration on the sp2-hybridized SWCNT lattice, which can be controlled through the choiceof synthetic conditions [1, 2]. To date, most functionalization routes rely on solution-based
reactions. The resulting functionalized SWCNTs in dispersion can be deposited as random
networks on substrates via spincoating but without spatial addressability. Here, we introduce
luminescent defects into pre-deposited networks of (6,5) SWCNTs on reactive surfaces. We
observe two types of luminescent defects with different optical trap depths that can be controlled
through the reactivity of the surface and the reaction conditions. This solid-state functionalization
method further allows us to introduce defects with high spatial resolution as corroborated byphotoluminescence and Raman mapping.

PL of pristine vs functionalized SWCNT network. Normalized photoluminescence (PL) spectra from a network of(6,5) SWCNTs before and after solid-state functionalization.

References[1] Settele et al., Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 2119.
[2] Zaumseil, Adv. Optical Mater. 2022, 10, 2101576.

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SPATIALLY RESOLVED MOLECULAR ENGINEERING OF GRAPHENE
T. Wei 1*
1

Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg - Erlangen (Germany)*email: tao.wei@fau.deExploring the tailored physical/chemical properties is at the forefront of graphene research.[1]The emerging development of covalent molecular engineering represents a rather promisingtactic for this purpose carrying several unique advantages. In this line, we have developed two
scenarios, including reduction-mediated lithography and laser writing, for spatially resolved
covalent 2D-patterning of graphene, affording a variety of well-structured graphenearchitectures.[2-3] Furthermore, based on the combination of 2D-patterning techniques and postfunctionalization approaches, more promising hierarchically ordered multifunctional graphenearchitectures were facilely constructed. We further demonstrated that the chemical information ofthese built 2D systems can be finely manipulated by establishing complete write/read/erase
circles.

References[1] Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2104060.
[2] Nat. Commun. 2021, 12, 552.
[3] J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 19825.

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STEPWISE ARTIFICIAL YARN MUSCLES WITH ENERGY-FREE
CATCH STATES DRIVEN BY ION INSERTION
M. Ren 1*, J.T. Di 1, Q.W. Li 1
1

Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Suzhou (China)*email: mren2018@sinano.ac.cn

Bivalve mollusks can keep their hard shells tightly closed while consuming very low energy.
This muscle behavior is known as the catch state, which is enabled by Ca2+-regulated trimericcompounds formed by actin filaments and myosin filaments in the anterior byssus retractor
muscle. Endowing artificial muscles with a catch state is extremely important because it allows
the retention of tensioned actuation states without continuous stimulations and energy
consumption, and programmable stepwise actuation according to control profiles. Till now,
various artificial muscles that can reversibly contract, bend, expand, or rotate when subjected toexternal stimuli have been developed. However, such a catch state featuring energy-free highactuation retention and stepwise actuation has rarely been achieved yet. Based on these
considerations, a strong but dynamic "locker" that is energy-free should be built in an artificial
muscle to retain the actuation state and allow programable actuation especially when the artificial
muscle is actuating under a heavy load. Here, we proposed a new strategy that utilizes
intercalation compounds that formed during an electrochemically reversible insertion reaction towell hold the CNT yarn muscles at any achieved stroke. AlCl4− anions were faradaically andquantitively inserted in the collapsed CNT yarn muscles to form the intercalation compounds,
resulting in a novel catch state during a long period as well as precious control of contraction atvery small strain steps. This new actuation mechanism also allows the energy-free maintenanceof high contractile forces generated by the muscles.

Figure 1. Actuation process showing stepwise actuation and catch state during a CNT coiled yarn charged at
different capacity levels
References[1] S. M. Mirvakili, et al "Artificial Muscles: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges," Adv. Mater., 30,
6,1704407, 2017.
[2] J. Mu, et al, “Sheath-run artificial muscles,” Science, 2019,30, 6449, 150–155,.
[3] M.Ren, “Stepwise artificial yarn muscles with energy-free catch states driven by aluminum-ion insertion ” ACS
Nano 2022, 16, 10, 15850–15861.

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STRUCTURAL SUPERCAPACITORS THROUGH VERTICALLYALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBES FUNCTIONALIZED CARBON FIBER
REINFORCED COMPOSITES
J. Descarpentries 1,*, A. Calmon 1, T.M.G. N’guyen 2, P. Bannet 2
NAWATECHNOLOGIES - Rousset (France)
Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces, CY Cergy Paris Université - Paris (France)*email: jeremie.descarpentries@nawatechnologies.com
1

2

Structural energy storage can meet the target of saving weight in many applications where
structural parts and energy source are required at the same location. This can be achieved bybringing multifunctionality in the design of carbon fibers reinforced composites (CFRC).
Here we report the modifications of a classical CFRC architecture so that it behaves like an
Electrical Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC). These modifications include a specific formulationof the epoxy matrix leading to sufficient ionic conductivity and the use of carbon fibers on which
Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes have been grown.
Prototypes of structural supercapacitors of various shapes manufactured with this approach will
be presented as well as their electrochemical properties.

Examples of flat (left) and cylindrical (right) structural supercapacitors

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STUDY OF THE BRAIN EXTRACELLULAR SPACE BY SINGLE
CARBON NANOTUBE TRACKING AND SUPER-RESOLUTIONIMAGING ANALYSIS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
J. Estaún Panzano 1,*, S. Nandi 2, Q. Gresil 2, L. Cognet 2, E. Bezard 1
1

1. Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives - UMR5293, Université de Bordeaux - Bordeaux (France)
2
2. LP2N-Institut d’Optique, CNRS - Bordeaux (France)*email: juan.estaun-panzano@u-bordeaux.fr

Unraveling the extracellular space (ECS) structure and function represents a technologicalchallenge due to its nanometric dimensions. Despite recent remarkable advances, its precise
morphological and diffusional parameters are still mainly unknown in the healthy andpathological brain. The tracking of fluorescent Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) inliving tissue represents a powerful method to obtain information about this otherwise dark maze.
Combining InfraRed single-particle tracking with super-resolution image analysis it is possible torebuild the trajectory the probe has taken, and infer key properties such us instantaneous local
diffusion or local channel width. Our recent work focused on the striatal extracellular space of themouse. Understanding how ECS properties affect brain communication and change in disease isthus of fundamental importance. We studied key striatal ECS properties in a PFF model ofsynucleinopathy vs healthy controls. Results show an overall increase in diffusivity which cannot
be explained by ECS volume augmentation. This highlights, first, the multiple factors affecting
ECS diffusion. Second, that ECS may play a role in disease which has still to be elucidated.

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SUPER MACKAY ALLOY CLUSTER FE₄₂CO₁₃ FOR GROWTH OFSINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
S. Maruyama 1,*, K. Mori 1, R. Yoshikawa 1, Q. Hu 1, Y. Feng 1, R. Xiang 2, K. Otsuka 1
The University of Tokyo - Tokyo (Japan)
Zhejiang University - Hangzhou (China)*email: maruyama@photon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
1

2

We propose a super Mackay cluster Fe42Co13 for the selective chirality growth of singlewalled carbon nanotubes. The double icosahedral structure, the so-called Mackay structure, iswell known by theoretical works[1,2]. However, the Mackay structure is meta-stable in ourmolecular dynamics simulation (MD). The most stable structure in MD simulation is shown in
Fig. 1(a); internal core Fe12Co is rotated 15 degrees from the Mackay structure. If we let thiscluster vibrate at high temperatures, we can observe the mode-crossing rotation of the inner core.
From MD simulations, we found the extremely high melting point of Fe42Co13 cluster, 1800K.
We believe the extremely high melting point originates from this unique mode-crossing vibration.
By preliminary MD simulation of carbon nanotube growth, we found the solid behavior of thiscatalyst up to 1800K, as in Fig. 1(b). The chirality of SWCNT of the simulated nanotube will be
discussed.
As we can guarantee the solid catalysts in the usual CVD condition, we try to grow chiralityspecific SWCNTs based on this super Mackay cluster. Conventional ACCVD [3] used the 1:1
weight ratio of Fe and Co. Since the atomic ratio is not much different from the weight ratio, we
compared the Fe: Co atomic ratio for 0:100, 42:13, 50:50, 100:0 at various temperatures 500-900ºC, keeping the specific pressure of ethanol to 300 Pa. To our surprise, at 600 ºC, pure Co gives
the best performance of growing (6,5) and (7,5). On the other hand, at 850 ºC, the alloy ratio
corresponding to Fe42Co13 gives the highest efficiency as shown in Fig. 1(c). Exposure to higher
temperatures could lead to more specific chirality distribution.

Super Mackay structure and growth of SWCNTs. (a) super Mackay structure of Fe42Co13. Co atoms are in cyan
and Fe atoms are in orange. (b) Molecular dynamics simulation of growth. (c) CVD growth of SWCNTs by zeolite
supported bimetallic alloy at 850 C. The absorption corresponding to (8,7) nanotubes.
References[1] M. Zhang, R. Fournier, J. Mol. Struct., 762 (2006) 49.
[2] K. Yuge, Mater. Trans., 52 (2011) 1339.
[3] B. Hou et al., Carbon, 119 (2017) 502.

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SUPER-RESOLUTION IMAGING OF DEFECT SITE FORMATION IN
CARBON NANOTUBES
B. Lambert 1*, L. Cognet 1
1

Institut d’Optique, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux - Talence (France)*email: benjamin.lambert@institutoptique.fr

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit a photostable excitonic
fluorescence in the short wave near-infrared (SWIR). Recently, the covalent functionalization of
nanotubes opened new avenues to manipulate their excitonic fluorescence [1]. These “organic
color centers (OCCs)”, also known as "defects", act as localized potential wells on the nanotube
surface, trapping locally otherwise diffusing excitons. This effectively results in an increase in the
SWCNT emission, the trapped excitons avoiding possible quenching sites along the nanotube
surface (structural defects, nanotube ends) [2]. This new radiative pathway results in a shifting of
the SWCNT emission towards longer wavelengths and allows SWCNT excitation on their firstorder excitonic transition (ca. SWIR) [3]. Altogether, these properties make OCC-functionalized
SWCNTs particularly attractive for various applications ranging from biological imaging toquantum information. Yet, the functionalization reaction of SWCNTs with OCC is still poorly
understood, stochastic and, as a result, poorly controlled. To gain knowledge and control overthese reactions, we developed a two-color imaging platform to image simultaneously both the
SWCNT and OCC emissions in situ during the functionalization reaction [4]. By performing
super-localization on the OCC emission, we are able to determine the position of the OCCs inreal time as they appear on the SWCNT at the nanometer scale. We will present how thisplatform allows to monitor the kinetics of the functionalization reaction and the possible coupling
between different OCCs. We will further discuss our findings which provide insights on theinteractions existing between OCCs and the SWCNT surface or between each other, andeventually help to have a more deterministic control of OCC implantation.

Super-resolution imaging of defect site formation. Left: super-resolved image of the defect localization (redcircle) overlapped with the emission of a nanotube (grey). Right: intensity fluctuations of the defect emission as afunction of time.

References[1] A. H. Brozena, M. Kim, L. R. Powell, and Y. H. Wang, Nat. Rev. Chem., vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 375–392, 2019[2] N. Danné et al., ACS Nano, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 6059–6065, 2018
[3] A. K. Mandal et al., Sci. Rep., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2020
[4] B.P. Lambert et al., in preparation

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SURFACE DIFFUSION-LIMITED GROWTH OF MONOLAYER WS₂
USING SUBSTRATE-STACKED MICROREACTOR FOR
OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICE APPLICATIONS
H. Suzuki 1,*, R. Hashimoto 1, M. Misawa 1, K. Tsuruta 1, Y. Miyata 2, Y. Hayashi 1
Okayama University - Okayama (Japan)
Tokyo Metropolitan University - Tokyo (Japan)*email: hiroo.suzuki@okayama-u.ac.jp
12Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), one of the two-dimensional semiconducting
materials, have attracted attention for optoelectronic device applications due to their highflexibility, light absorption, and emission coefficient with direct band-gap. This research
investigated the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of monolayer WS2 and their size
control based on the vaper-liquid-solid (VLS) method with metal salt employing the microreactor
constructed with two growth substrates [1].
Na2WO4 solution was spin-coated on a Si/SiO2 substrate, and another Si/SiO2 substrate wasstacked on top to confine Na2WO4 in a microreactor consisting of two substrates. The
microreactors were reacted with organosulfur ((t-C4H9)2S2) vapor in an infrared furnace to growWS2. We evaluated the photoluminescence (PL) of the grown crystals. The highest PL energy(~1.98 eV) and FWHM (~35 meV) were obtained at a growth temperature of 820°C, indicating
its high crystallinity. Under this optimal growth temperature, we investigated the size andmorphology of WS2 crystals by adjusting the concentration of Na2WO4 solution and the sulfur
supply rate. As a result, we succeeded in growing extremely large WS2 crystals up to ~1100 µm(Figure 1). The systematic experiments to obtain the activation energy of growth and thecalculations to estimate the surface diffusion energy of sulfur atoms on the growth substrate
revealed that the growth mechanism is governed by the surface diffusion-limited process of sulfur
atoms in the confined space. We found the fractally grown WS2 crystals, which are also evidence
for the surface diffusion-limited growth regime of WS2. We fabricated the n-type field-effecttransistors (FETs) with the full monolayer WS2 grown under optimal conditions, exhibiting highon-off ratio (~5×108) and field-effect mobility (~7 cm2/Vs). The wavelength-resolved responseshows the specific three peaks corresponding to the photon absorption by the interband transition
process. These results proved the intrinsic photoresponse realized by the clean interface of the
WS2-FET.

Figure 1: Photograph of the millimeter size WS2 crystals.
References[1] H. Suzuki, et al., “Surface Diffusion-Limited Growth of Large and High-Quality Monolayer Transition Metal
Dichalcogenides in Confined Space of Microreactor” ACS Nano 16, 11360 (2022).

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SURFACTANT DISPERSION OF BORON-NITRIDE NANOTUBES FOR
BUILDING ONE-DIMENSIONAL VAN DER WAALSHETEROSTRUCTURES
S. Furusawa 1,*, Y. Nakanishi 1, Y. Yomogida 1, Y. Sato 2, Y. Zheng 3, T. Tanaka 1, K. Yanagi 1,
K. Suenaga 4, S. Maruyama 3, R. Xiang 5, Y. Miyata 1
1
Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University - Hachioji (Japan)
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) - Tsukuba (Japan)
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo - Tokyo (Japan)
4
The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University - Osaka (Japan)
5State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang
University - Hangzhou (China)*email: furusawa-shinpei@ed.tmu.ac.jp
2

Transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes (MX2NTs) are one-dimensional (1D) materials
that exhibit some intriguing phenomena such as exciton-polaritons and bulk photovoltaic
effect[1]. Understanding the physical origin of these phenomena requires the isolation of welldefined single walls from typical multi-walled MX2NTs. The recently developed coaxial growthof 1D van der Waals heterostructures yields single-walled (SW) MoS2NTs around carbon
nanotubes (CNTs)[2]. However, the intrinsic electronic properties of individual MoS2NTs remain
to be elucidated due to the significant interaction between carbon and MoS2 walls[3]. In contrast
to semiconducting or metallic CNTs, insulating boron-nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) can berecognized as an ideal template for the optical characterization of MX2NTs, while theirapplication as templates has been severely hampered by their poor dispersibility, which inevitably
leads to the formation of thick bundles. Herein, we demonstrate the surfactant-assisted
preparation of well-dispersed BNNT templates for the synthesis of 1D vdWheterostructures[4].The surfactant-assisted dispersion of BNNT bundles allows for the isolationof clean, crystalline BNNTs with diameters of 2~7nm. Transmission electron microscopy
revealed that double-walled BNNTs are enriched by the chemical peeling of their sidewalls
through the sonication process. We further demonstrate that the dispersed BNNTs can serve as
templates for the construction of 1D vdW heterostructures. The BNNT-templated chemical vapor
deposition can be applied for the enwrapping of carbon and MoS2NTs. The isolation of singlewalled MoS2NTs allowed us to determine their chirality distributions[5]. The present
methodology will accelerate the growing efforts to elucidate the electronic properties andpotential applications of MX2NTs.

(a)TEM image of BNNT network.(b)HAADF-STEM images and (c)atomic structures of CNTs and MoS2NTs
coaxially grown on an individual BNNT.
References[1] J. Musfeldt et al., Phys. Today73,8(2020)[2]R. Xiang et al., Science367,537(2020)[3]M. G. Burdanova et al.,Adv. Funct. Mater.2104969(2021)[4]S. Furusawa et al., ACS Nano16,10(2022)[5]S. Furusawa et al., To be
submitted

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MACHINE LEARNING METHODS FOR AEROSOL SYNTHESIS OFSINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
D. Krasnikov 1,*, E. Khabushev 2, A. Gaev 3, A. Bogdanova 1, V. Iakovlev 4, A. Lantsberg 3,
T. Kallio 2, A. Nasibulin 12

1
Skoltech - Moscow (Russian Federation)
Aalto University - Helsinki (Finland), 3Bauman Moscow State Technical University - Moscow (Russian Federation)
4
Kiev Institute of Business and Technology - Kiev (Ukraine)*email: d.krasnikov@skol.tech

This work is devoted to the strategy towards the optimal development of multiparametric
process of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) synthesis. Here we discuss theimplementation of machine learning techniques, features of the optimal dataset size and density
for aerosol chemical vapor deposition method with a complex carbon source [1]. We employ thedataset of 369 points, comprising synthesis parameters (catalyst amount, temperature, feed ofcarbon sources) and corresponding carbon nanotube characteristics (yield, quality, structure,
optoelectrical figure of merit). Assessing the performance of six machine learning methods on thedataset, we demonstrate Artificial Neural Network to be the most suitable approach to predict theoutcome of synthesis processes. We show that even a dataset of 250 points with theinhomogeneous distribution of input parameters is enough to reach an acceptable performance of
the Artificial Neural Network, wherein the error is most likely to arise from experimental
inaccuracy and hidden uncontrolled variables. We believe our work will contribute to theselection of an appropriate regression algorithm for the controlled carbon nanotube synthesis andfurther development of an autonomous synthesis system for an “on-demand” SWCNT
production. This work was supported by RSF grant 20-73-10256.

Prediction error for all the methods used (as well as the experimental error) with respect to four output features ofcarbon.
References[1] Dmitry V. Krasnikov, Eldar M. Khabushev, Andrey Gaev, Alisa R. Bogdanova, Vsevolod Ya. Iakovlev, Anna
Lantsberg, Tanja Kallio, and Albert G. Nasibulin “Machine Learning Methods for Aerosol Synthesis of Singlewalled Carbon Nanotubes” Carbon, 202 (2023), 76-82 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2022.10.044

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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAPHENE EPISULFIDES
S. Sprocq 1,*, E. Haddad 1, L. Schué 2, L. Chen 2, V. Pimonov 2, M. Dollé 2, R. Martel 2,
A. Rochefort 1
1

Polytechnique Montreal - Montréal (Canada)
Université de Montréal - Montréal (Canada)*email: simon.sprocq@polymtl.ca

2

Li-S batteries face multiple obstacles, such as the weak chemical stability due to thepolysulfide shuttle and subsequent irreversible loss of capacity and lifespan, which prevent themfrom being commercialized. Carbon nanostructures are investigated to solve these issues andstabilize the cathode via two methods chemical adsorption and physical confinement of sulfur
with variable results of confinement and battery performance. The formation of covalent bonds
between carbon and sulfur is a third approach and rarely applied to graphene [1].This work
presents the synthesis and characterization of new compounds called graphene episulfides (GS).
The GS compound is synthesized via gas phase reaction in moderate conditions of temperature
by a catalyst and solvent free protocol. The reaction products are characterized using Raman andinfrared spectroscopies, XPS, and DFT calculations. The results suggests that the vibrationalsignature of GS is consistent with the episulfide group at the surface of graphene.

References[1] Fang, R.; Xu, J.; Wang, D.-W. Covalent Fixing of Sulfur in Metal–Sulfur Batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2020,13 (2), 432–471. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EE03408K.

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SYNTHESIS OF JANUS TRANSITION METAL DICHALCOGENIDENANOTUBES
A. Ihara 1,*, Y. Yomogida 1, T. Kato 2, M. Nagano 1, K. Yanagi 1
1

Tokyo Metropolitan University - Tokyo (Japan)
2
Tohoku University - Miyagi (Japan)*email: ihara-akane@ed.tmu.ac.jp

Transition metal dichalcogenide nanotubes (TMDC-NTs) are cylindrical nanotubes withrolled TMDC sheets. Because of their 1-dimensional and chiral structures, various uniqueproperties such as bulk photo-voltaic effect and un-conventional super conductivity, have been
observed. Violation of inversion symmetry is a key to generate these phenomena, and lowering
the symmetry in the TMDC-NTs will enhance such unconventional properties. Here we report a
method to produce Janus TMDC-NTs which have lower symmetry than conventional TMDCNTs. Janus TMDC monolayer, which consist of different chalcogens on the front and back, wasreported in 2017 and several interesting physical properties have been reported by the violation of
the mirror symmetry[1]. From the discovery, lots of synthesis of Janus TMDCs were reported but
none with the nanotube structures. Based on the reported approach, we made Janus TMDC-NTs.
As the TMDC-NT templates, we used WSe2 nanotubes [2], assuming that replacing heavy atoms
with light atoms would require less energy. Synthesis of WSe2 nanotubes were conducted byselenization of WOx nanowire precursors on quartz substrates and Mo TEM grids. For
selenization, WOx NWs were placed in a quartz tube and reacted with Se vapor at 650-700℃ for
1 h under Ar/H2 gas flow. We confirmed the success of synthesis of WSe2 NTs through TEM
and Raman measurements. For Janus nanotube formation, the surface Se was first replaced by H
through hydrogen plasma processes to perform sulfidation at low temperatures. Sulfurization wasthen performed under vacuum. The obtained Janus NTs were first evaluated using Raman
spectra. The Raman spectra showed two peaks: a large WSe2 peak and a small peak of WSSe
which is reported in the previous study[3]. This indicates that WSe2 layers were maintained andsome of them changed to WSSe. The scanning TEM(STEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray
Spectroscopy (EDS) are shown in Fig. We observed the increase of the signals from S at theoutermost layer of the NT indicating that multilayer Janus NTs have been successfully
synthesized.

STEM image and EDS
References[1] Ang-Yu Lu et al., Nat. Nanotechnol., 12, 744(2017).
[2] Y.Yomogida et al., Phys. Lett. 116, 203106 (2020)[3] Dipesh B. Trived et al., Adv. Mater. 32, 2006320(2020).

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THE ORIGIN OF AMPHIPATHIC NATURE OF SHORT AND THIN
PRISTINE CARBON NANOTUBES
S. Boncel 1,*, A.W. Blacha 1, K.Z. Milowska 2, M.C. Payne 3, H.F. Greer 3, A.P. Terzyk 4,
E. Korczeniewski 4, A. Cyganiuk 4
Silesian University of Technology - Gliwice (Poland)
2
CIC nanoGUNE - San Sebastián (Spain)
3
University of Cambridge - Cambridge (United Kingdom)4
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun - Torun (Poland)*email: slawomir.boncel@polsl.pl
1

Short and thin pristine carbon nanotubes (CNTs) emerge as 1D emulsion stabilizers capableof replacing aquatoxic low-molecular surfactants [1]. However, inconsistencies in understandingof water–solid interfaces for realistic CNTs hamper their individualization-driven functionalities,
processability in benign media, and compatibility with a broad scale of matrices. Pristine CNT
processing based on water and inexpensive n-alkanes within a low-energy regime would
constitute an important step toward greener technologies. Therefore, structural CNT components
are quantitatively assessed, placing various CNTs on the scale from hydrophobicity tohydrophilicity. This structural interweave can lead to amphipathicity enabling the formation ofwater-in-oil emulsions. Combining experiments with theoretical studies, CNTs and CNT
emulsions are comprehensively characterized establishing descriptors of the emulsifying behaviorof pristine and purified CNTs. They emerge as having hydrophilic open-ends, a small number ofoxygen–functionalized/vacancy surface areas, and hydrophobic sidewalls and full caps (Fig. 1).
The interplay of these regions, like in 2D graphene [2], allows short and thin CNTs to be utilized
as fully recyclable 1D surfactants stabilizing water/oil emulsions which, as demonstrated, can beapplied as paints for flexible conductive coatings. It is also shown how the amphipathic strength
depends on CNT size, the pristine-to-oxidized/vacancy domains, and the oil-to-water ratios.

Left: diagram explaining the amphipathic and hydrophobic natures of open-end and capped CNTs. Hydrophilicedges of CNT are marked in orange, while hydrophobic basal plane and caps in turquoise and dark green; Right:
optical imaging and SEM micrographs of w/o emulsion droplets revealing: (1) a dense coverage of isotropicallyarranged, and (2) perpendicularly protruding, aligned nanotubes.
References[1] The origin of amphipathic nature of short and thin pristine carbon nanotubes – fully recyclable 1D water-in-oil
emulsion stabilizers, A.W. Blacha, K.Z. Milowska, M.C. Payne, H.F. Greer, A.P. Terzyk, E. Korczeniewski, A.
Cyganiuk, S. Boncel, Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2023, 2202407. DOI: 10.1002/admi.202202407.
[2] The True Amphipathic Nature of Graphene Flakes: A Versatile 2D Stabilizer, A.W. Kuziel, K.Z. Milowska, P.‐L.
Chau, S. Boncel, K.K. Koziol, N. Yahya, M.C. Payne, Adv. Mater. 2020, 2000608. DOI/10.1002/adma.202000608.

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THE SYNERGETIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LENGTH AND
ORIENTATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES IN DIRECT SPINNING OF
HIGH-STRENGTH CARBON NANOTUBE FIBERS
Z. Yong 1*, K. Wu 1, Y. Zhang 1, Q. Li 1
1

Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Jiangsu (China)*email: zzyong2008@sinano.ac.cn

Carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers have already been considered as one of the most promising
candidates for the next generation high-performance fiber materials. Floating catalytic chemical
vapor deposition (FCCVD) is an attractive method for synthesizing high-strength CNT fibers.
During the process of CNT fiber synthesis, the assembly structure, such as the CNT orientation,
CNT length, and the inter-tube particle impurity inside the CNT fibers, are the key factors todetermine the mechanical properties of CNT fibers. However, the regulation mechanism of theassembly structure during the process of CNT fiber synthesis is still unclear. In this study, inorder to obtain high-strength CNT fibers, we demonstrated the synergistic relationship between
the orientation and length of CNT inside the CNT fibers during the FCCVD growth process byadjusting the winding rate and the length of the high-temperature reaction zone. It also revealed
that the particle impurities inside the fibers could greatly reduce mechanical strength of CNT
fibers. By optimizing the assembly structure of CNT fibers, the stable and continuous synthesis
was realized, with the specific tensile strength of 3.1 N/tex without any post-treatment process.

Schematic diagram of CNT fiber synthesis. Schematic diagram of continuous synthesis of CNT fibers by FCCVD.
The synthesis process of CNT fibers includes the decomposition of ferrocene, the decomposition of thiophene, thenucleation and growth of CNTs, the formation of CNT aerogel and the formation of CNT fibers. The schematic
diagram in the dashed frame shows the microscopic morphology of the formed CNT fibers, in which the red particles
represent inter-tube particle impurities.

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THEORETICAL PREDICTION OF THERMOELECTRICPERFORMANCE OF IMPURITY-DOPED CARBON NANOTUBES
M. Matsubara 1*, K. Sasaoka 1, T. Yamamoto 1
1

Tokyo University of Science - Tokyo (Japan)*email: mmatsubara@rs.tus.ac.jp

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attractive materials because of their flexibility and highelectrical conductivity. Recently, it has been reported that CNTs exhibit high thermoelectric
power factor (PF), and the research on their application to thermoelectric devices has been active[1]. The development of CNT-based thermoelectric devices requires both p-type and n-typesemiconducting CNTs. In this study, we focus on nitrogen-doped (N-doped) CNTs, which are
typical n-type CNTs, and investigate their thermoelectric properties using the Kubo-Luttinger
formula combined with thermal Green’s function technique [2-5]. We show the dependence ofelectrical conductivity σ, Seebeck coefficient (S), and PF on N concentration. As the N
concentration decreases, the system transitions from the ionization region to the intrinsic region
through the exhaustion region. S increases from the ionization region to the exhaust region
because the chemical potential is away from the band edge. In contrast, S decreases in the
intrinsic region where hole excitation increases rapidly and, consequently, PF (=σS2) also
decreases. From the above, it was found that there is an optimal N concentration that maximizes
PF at each temperature. This optimization is strongly dependent on the band gap of the CNTs,
and thus we scaled the thermoelectric parameters by the band gap, to predict the optimal
thermoelectric properties for CNTs with various band gaps, i.e., various diameters. In addition,
we reveal that the maximum PF increases exponentially as the CNT diameter decreases. This isbecause the thermal excitation from the valence band to the conduction band is suppressed forsmall-diameter CNTs.

References[1] Yota Ichinose, et al., Nano Lett. 19, 7370-7376 (2019).
[2] T. Yamamoto and H. Fukuyama, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 87, 024707 (2018).
[3] T. Yamamoto and H. Fukuyama, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 87, 114710 (2018).
[4] M. Ogata and H. Fukuyama, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 88, 074703 (2019).
[5] M. Matsubara, K. Sasaoka, T. Yamamoto, and H. Fukuyama, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 90, 044702 (2021).

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THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY THROUGH ULTRATHIN FILMS MADE FROM DRY-TRANSFERRED TRANSITION METALDICHALCOGENIDE
K. Ueji 1,*, K. Zhou 1, S. Nakamura 1, H. Nishidome 1, T. Yagi 2, Y. Yomogida 1, Y. Miyata 1,
K. Yanagi 1
2

1
Tokyo Metropolitan University - Hachioji (Japan)
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology - Tsukuba (Japan)*email: kueji@tmu.ac.jp

Energy harvesting techniques have recently attracted attention due to shortages and increased
prices in the oil, gas, and electricity markets. Thermoelectric conversion under 100 °C isworthwhile because the heat waste is not recycled. Artificially stacked transition metal
dichalcogenide (MX2) films show ultra-low thermal conductance along out-of-plane directions
originating from van der Waals interfaces and their mismatches,[1-3] which is promising forthermoelectric candidates. However, out-of-plane heat and electrical conductivity through MX2
films in thermoelectric module configuration (i.e., sandwiched by metal electrodes) are not wellinvestigated. Our developed time-domain thermoreflectance method, in which Au is used as athermal transducer (Au-TDTR), has the potential to measure both out-of-plane heat and electricalconductivity.[4] Au-TDTR is one of the pump-probe techniques. A pump laser pulse generates
heat flux by irradiating Au, and then a probe laser pulse measures Au reflectance, which reflects
thermal decay until the next pump irradiation. Additionally, Au is an appropriate electrode due toits stability. Here, we attempt to investigate heat and electrical conductivity through drytransferred MX2 films by Au-TDTR. Mo (an adhesion layer of few nm) and Au (100 nm) were
deposited onto the quartz substrate by DC magnetron sputtering. Large MX2 (MoS2 and WS2)
monolayers on Si/SiO2 were purchased by 2D semiconductor. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)
was spin-coated on top of the MX2 monolayer, and the resulting film was peeled off the Si/SiO2
substrate using thermal release tape (TRT). The MX2/PMMA/TRT was mounted on Au, and thenheating and acetone removed the TRT and PMMA films, respectively. Repeating theseprocedures three times resulted in homotrilayer (MoS2 only) or heterotrilayer (MoS2/WS2/MoS2)
films. Finally, the top electrode (Au, ca. 100 nm) was deposited onto the trilayer film by thermal
evaporation. Therefore, thermal and electrical conductivity were evaluated by the Au-TDTR andsourcemeter, respectively. The thermal conductance of the homotrilayer and heterotrilayer arefound to be 36 MWm−2K−1 and 143 MWm−2K−1, respectively. The former value is plausible, butboth thermal conductance values are relatively high compared with a previous study (ca. 17
MWm−2K−1).[1] Furthermore, both electrical resistance and Au-Au contact are almost the same.
These phenomena suggest that the thermally evaporated Au penetrates the trilayer film throughsome cracks. As the experimental methodology was appropriate, we adapted the damage-free Autransfer process and will discuss the results in the presentation. This study is supported fromKAKENHI (No. 22H05469) and the Precise Measurement Technology Promotion Foundation(PMTP-F).

References[1] Cahill et al., Nature, 597, 660 (2021)[2] Yanagi et al., ACS Nano, 15, 15902 (2021)[3] Pop et al, ACS Nano, 15,19503(2021)[4] Ueji et al., ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 5 6100 (2022)

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THERMAL RADIATION FROM AN ELECTRICALLY MODULATEDALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBE FILM
S. Matano 1,*, N. Komatsu 2, S. Yu 2, J. Doumani 2, Y. Shimura 1, J. Kono 2, H. Maki 1
Keio University - Yokohama (Japan)
Rice University - Houston (United States)*email: matano.shinichiro@az.appi.keio.ac.jp
1

2

A compact on-chip source of broadband light is a promising tool for various opticalapplications. A thermal light source based on carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and graphenes is a potential candidate for the compact light source because of its easy
integration process on silicon chips [1, 2]. In particular, aligned CNT films can produce polarized
and broadband light due to CNTs’ one-dimensional structure [3]. However, anisotropic effect oftransient thermal emission from an aligned CNT film has not been observed. Here, we report on
our observation of anisotropic time-dependence of thermal radiation from an electricallymodulated aligned CNT film (Fig. 1a). We fabricated a thermal light emitter with a lateral size of
1 μm2 using an aligned CNT film (Fig. 1b), which was prepared with the controlled vacuum
filtration method [4]. Thermal radiation emitted from the device was polarized along the CNTalignment direction regardless of the direction of the applied voltage (Fig. 1c). Through timeresolved measurements, we found that the response speed of thermal emission depends on the
CNT alignment direction due to the film's anisotropic electrical and thermal conductivities. This
work was supported by A-STEP from JST and KAKENHI from JSPS. This work was technicallysupported by KISTEC, Spintronics Research Network of Japan, the Core-to-Core program from
JSPS, and NIMS Nanofabrication Platform. S.M. and Y.S. acknowledge support from JST
SPRING. J.K. acknowledges support from the U.S. National Science Foundation (through Grant
PIRE-2230727) and the Robert A. Welch Foundation (through Grant No. C-1509).

A thermal emitter based on an aligned CNT film. Fig. 1 (a) A schematic image of thermal radiation from analigned CNT film and anisotropic characteristics of the film. (b) An infrared thermal radiation image of the device(driving voltage: 4.2 V). (c) Polarization dependence of emitted light, with a voltage applied parallel andperpendicular to the CNT alignment direction (0 degree: driven voltage direction).

References[1] T. Mori et al., Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 3277–3283.
[2] Y. Miyoshi et al., Nat. Commun. 2018, 9, 1279.
[3] S. Matano et al., ACS Materials Lett. 2022, 4, 626–633.
(DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.2c00058).
[4] X. He et al., Nat. Nanotechnol. 2016, 11, 633–638.

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THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF A ALIGNED SINGLE-WALLEDCARBON NANOTUBES THIN FILM
A. Shojiro 1*, A. Rikuto 1, U. Kan 1, Y. Yohei 1, Y. Kazuhiro 1
1

Department of physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University - Tokyp (Japan)*email: asatori-shojiro@ed.tmu.ac.jp

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is a promising candidate for thermoelectricmaterial because of its one-dimensional properties, chemical stability, and flexibility.[1]Previously, we have investigated the thermoelectric properties of SWCNTs with different
electronic structures and morphology.[2] The alignment of SWCNTs can enhance the electricalconductivity (σ) without decreasing the Seebeck coefficient (S), that is, thermoelectric figure-ofmerit (ZT) improves. ZT is given as σS2T/κ, where T and κ are the absolute temperature andthermal conductivity, respectively. ZT needs to be about 0.5 at room temperature for practicaluse. However, for thin-film systems, the understanding of the relationships between σ, S, and κ
has still been limited. In this study, we employed the aligned SWCNT film to simultaneously
evaluate σ, S (perpendicular to the tube direction), and κ (thickness direction) in the same device.
Noted that perpendicular to the tube direction is almost same as the thickness direction in thealigned SWCNT film thus we can evaluate the ZT. Semiconducting SWCNTs were separated bydensity gradient ultracentrifugation and then the aqueous dispersion was filtered with a grooved
membrane at reduced pressure.[3] Subsequently, an adhesion tape peeled off the random layer
and then only the alignment layer was transferred to a quartz substrate with designed gold
electrodes. σ and S perpendicular to the tube direction with different Fermi levels were evaluatedby a thermocouple and an electrolyte transistor.[2] Furthermore, out-of-plane κ with different
Fermi levels was evaluated by our developed time-domain thermoreflectance where Au is athermal transducer.[4] When the Fermi level of the aligned SWCNT thin film is modulated byelectrolyte gating, we observed peaks in σS2 (power factor) as a function of gate voltage,reflecting van Hove singularities. As out-of-plane κ is independent of the gate voltage, thebehavior of ZT corresponds to that of σS2. The maximum ZT at 300K is found to be about
0.044. κ of the quartz substrate is higher than that of the film perpendicular to the tube direction,suggesting the overestimated temperature difference in Seebeck measurement. Therefore,
improvement in ZT could be expected. We improve the experimental condition and will discuss
the detail in the presentation.

References[1] Hicks et al., Phys. Rev. B 47, 16631 (1993)[2] Y. Ichinose et al., Nano Letters 19, 7370 (2019).
[3] He, et al., Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 1 (2016)[4] Ueji, et al., APL. 117, 133104 (2020)

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TIME-RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY OF DOPED SINGLE-WALL
CARBON NANOTUBES
H. Lackinger 1*, M. Voelckel 1, K. Eckstein 1, T. Hertel 1
1

Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU) - Würzburg (Germany)*email: heiko.lackinger@uni-wuerzburg.de

The electronic and optical properties of semiconductors are strongly influenced by doping[1,2]. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of excitons and charged excitons (trions) is crucial
for improving our knowledge of the doping process. Prior optical studies of semiconducting
single-wall carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) have shown that the character of exciton transport andnon-radiative decay at room temperature is diffusive [3,4]. In contrast, non-radiative decay of thetrion photobleach is indicative of unimolecular, i.e. non diffusive trion dynamics, providing
evidence of localized and immobile charged excitons [4,5,6]. The coupling between excitons andtrions can be further investigated by studying their temperature dependence but no such data havebeen reported to date. The initial data reported here are aimed at clarifying photoinduced
dynamics and the dependence of experimentally measured exciton sizes on the doping level inthin films of polymer-wrapped (6,5) s-SWNTs.

References[1] Chernikov, A., van der Zande, A. M., Hill, H. M., Rigosi, A. F., Velauthapillai, A., Hone, J., Heinz, T. F.
Electrical Tuning of Exciton Binding Energies in Monolayer WS2. Physical review letters 2015, 115, 126802.
[2] Hartleb, H., Späth, F., Hertel, T. Evidence for Strong Electronic Correlations in the Spectra of Gate-Doped
Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Nano 2015, 9, 10461–10470.
[3] Wang, J., Shea, M. J., Flach, J. T., McDonough, T. J., Way, A. J., Zanni, M. T., Arnold, M. S. Role of Defects as
Exciton Quenching Sites in Carbon Nanotube Photovoltaics. J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121, 8310–8318.
[4] Bai, Y., Olivier, J.-H., Bullard, G., Liu, C., Therien, M. J. Dynamics of charged excitons in electronically andmorphologically homogeneous single-walled carbon nanotubes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of
the United States of America 2018, 115, 674–679.
[5] Eckstein, K. H., Hartleb, H., Achsnich, M. M., Schöppler, F., Hertel, T. Localized Charges Control Exciton
Energetics and Energy Dissipation in Doped Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Nano 2017, 11, 10401–10408.
[6] Nishihara, T., Yamada, Y., Okano, M., Kanemitsu, Y. Trion formation and recombination dynamics in holedoped single-walled carbon nanotubes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2013, 103, 23101.

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TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ZIGZAG CHIRALITY SORTED SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES
D. Denier Van Der Gon 1, Y. Yomogida 2, K. Yanagi 2, P. Ayala 1,*
University of Vienna - Vienna (Austria)
Tokyo Metropolitan University - Tokyo (Japan)*email: paola.ayala@univie.ac.at1

2

Understanding the optical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is ofmajor interest to bring their applicability in optoelectronics, photonic and bioimaging to reality.
From the theoretical point of view, several predictions have shown that the physical properties of
SWCNTs depend on the geometrical configuration of the carbon atoms that construct their walls.
This implies a definition for the chiral vector, chiral angle and consequently the chiral indexes(n,m). However, from the experimental point of view, observing those predicted properties
imposes challenges that still embrace the production of the nanotube-material. For each specificchirality, defined and unique optical transitions are expected. These can be nicely identified
with methods like optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy, and this has been done even inchiratily mixed samples given that a reasonable debundling is achieved. Nevertheless, every
foreign chirality in a batch represents an impurity. For that reason, it is extremely important toproduce chirality sorted samples. Since many years now, various methods have been developed.
Among these, gel chromatography has been very successful to produce high yield and highpurity samples at large scale quantities. This method is based on the selective adsorption of
surfactants with different hydrophobicity on the nanotube´s surface at given adsorption sites,
while leaving others free to stick in the gel for further gradient elution. Therefore, a careful loadof surfactants and a controlled flow of the nanotubes through the gel are key parameters to
explore how to increase the purity on single chirality sorting experiments. chirality species areotherwise obtained after second purification processes in which most of them use surfactants toseparate nanotubes by electronic character, diameter or chirality. In this work, we show a full
optical characterization of single-chirality sorted SWCNTs processed by a modified gel
chromatography process where the temperature dependence plays a crucial role. The preferential
adsorption mechanism of the surfactants with different hydrophobicities onto the nanotubes’
surface is shown. We focus on how their diameter and chiralitycan be correlated with acontrolled-flow that involves a careful monitoring of the temperature.. The (10,0) zig-zagchiralitiy will be used as an example of how a sigle chirality sample can be obtained in a 2 step
process. Additionally, first results of high purity (11,0) chirality sorting is shown.

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P170
CELL UPTAKE STUDIES OF GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS
U.C. Topkiran 1*, A. R. Valimukhametova 1, A. Naumov 1
1

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University - Fort Worth (United States)*email: ugur.topkiran@tcu.edu

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have emerged as a forerunner of carbon nanotechnology due
to their multifunctional delivery and imaging platform as they present fluorescence in the visible
and near-infrared, high biocompatibility, and water solubility. These abilities put GQDs forward
as a compelling cancer therapeutics drug delivery platform. Understanding the cell internalizationroutes of GQDs is crucial while delivering drugs in different types of cell lines. Herein, we
performed cell uptake studies on various types of top-down and bottom-up synthesized GQDs by
the comparative study of their preferred endocytosis paths on healthy cell line HEK-293 andcancer cell line HeLa. The concentration and cell viability of GQDs were determined by MTT
assays. Endocytosis paths were investigated through confocal fluorescence microscopy on cells
co-incubated for 1 to 24 hours. The potential for GQD interactions with the cell membrane isfurther examined via zeta (ζ) potential measurements. Our findings provide insights into theinternalization mechanisms of the GQDs into cell membranes of healthy and cancer cells. The
optimization of these mechanisms can serve for the enhancement of a variety of novel GQD
applications in biomedicine including therapeutic delivery disease detection through sensing aswell as diagnostic imaging.

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P171
TRANSPARENT TERAHERTZ–INFRARED SENSORS BASED ONULTRA-THIN METAL-SEMICONDUCTOR CARBON NANOTUBEHYBRID FILMS
H. Li 1,*, M. Hamanaka 1, Y. Togami 1, N. Takahashi 1, K. Li 2, Y. Kawano 1
Chuo University - Tokyo (Japan)
Tokyo Institute of Technology - Tokyo (Japan)*email: a22.j73h@g.chuo-u.ac.jp
1

2

Photo-thermoelectric image sensors with carbon nanotube (CNT) films have attracted muchattention. Specifically, it is capable of broadband sensing of visible and infrared light, and eventerahertz waves, and has realized non-destructive inspection of multilayered composite structures.
Furthermore, due to the mechanical softness of CNT film, it is specialized for omni-directional
imaging without any blind spots. Following the use of CNT film as non-destructive imaging
techniques, it is expected that CNT film will be developed into smart inspection devices
cooperating with human senses. Toward image sensor application, it is essential to havetransparent structures that does not interfere with human vision. However, not enough researchhas been conducted to realize highly transparent CNT film-based photo-thermoelectric image
sensors. Here, we developed highly transparent terahertz–infrared sensors using ultra-thinmetallic and semiconducting hybrid CNT films. In contrast to the conventional device structure[1], the metallic film absorbs light and generates heat, and the semiconducting film performs thesubsequent thermoelectric conversion.
Fig. 1a shows the device structure. A polyurethane film with a 25-µm-thickness is used as thetransparent stretchable substrate. PEDOT:PSS is used as the transparent stretchable electrode.
The transparent THz–IR absorbent film is made of metallic-CNT. Semiconducting-CNT is used
for the transparent thermoelectric conversion film.
Fig. 1b shows the optical properties of the transparent absorbent film and the transparent
thermoelectric film. Both are highly transparent in the visible light band. Wheras, in the IR–THz
bands, changes in the optical properties of both are observed. Transparent thermoelectric
conversion films (semiconducting-CNTs) still show high transmittance. Transparent lightabsorbing films (metallic-CNTs) show an absorption of more than 80 % in the terahertz band and
50-60 % in the infrared band. Therefore, the device structure allows the heat generated by THzIR absorption to be concentrated locally in the metal-CNT. This light-absorbing film is located at
the edge of the thermoelectric film with the Seebeck coefficient of more than 200 µV/K. This
allows generating the photo-thermoelectric effect. Other basic performance and sensing andimaging applications will be presented at the conference.

Figure 1. a, Conceptual schematic of the presenting device. b, Comparisons in broad transmittance of the devicematerials.
References
K. Li, et al. Nature Communications 12, 3009 (2021).

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ULTRA-HIGH CHARGE CARRIER DENSITY IN MONOLAYERGRAPHENE BY INTEGRATED FLIP-CHIP ALKALI DOPING
A.M. Aygar 1,*, O. Durnan 2, A. Grüneis 3, T. Szkopek 1
McGill University - Montreal (Canada)
Columbia University - New York City (United States)
3
Vienna University of Technology - Vienna (Austria)*email: melis.aygar@mail.mcgill.ca
12

Adsorbates enable the modification of the electronic properties of graphene, with alkali metal adatoms
being notable as efficient dopants due to their high electronegativity. Studies of the lithium/graphenesystem have revealed evidence of superconductivity[1,2], while lithium diffusion is found to be strongly
enhanced by intercalation in a bilayer[3]. Lithium, calcium, potassium and cesium adatoms have beenused to investigate the van Hove singularity of graphene, including many-body interactions, the Lifshitz
transition, and flat band formation[4-7], as observed by Raman spectroscopy and photoemission. The
Lifshitz transition in graphene, wherein the Fermi surface abruptly changes from electron-like to hole-like,has yet to be studied by charge transport. Ionic gating, typically used for high-density transportmeasurements, limits carrier density to <1x1014cm-2 in monolayer graphene[8]. We present a flip-chip
method for alkali doping, enabling charge transport measurements of cesium/graphene at carrier densities
as high as 4x1014cm-2, corresponding to ~85% of the electron density required to reach the Lifshitz
transition. A monolayer graphene Hall-bar on a quartz substrate is bonded to a ceramic chip carrier in anitrogen environment(Fig.a). A droplet of cesium elevates the cesium vapour pressure inside thehermetically-sealed cavity(Fig.b). Real-time ac Hall measurements enable simultaneous measurement of
longitudinal and transverse resistivity, and thus charge
carrier density and mobility, during doping(Fig.c) The
Fermi surfaces corresponding to the observed
doping(Fig.d) are estimated by a third-nearestneighbour tight-binding model[9], illustratingproximity to the Lifshitz transition. Magnetoresistanceand weak-localization(Fig.e) of high-density samples
were studied at high magnetic field(7T) and low
temperature(1.3K), with electron densities up to
4x1014cm-2
confirmedbyhigh-fieldHall
resistance. Raman spectroscopy provides independentconfirmation of high doping. This method may be
refined to enable the study of the transport coefficientsof graphene at the Lifshitz transition, other 2D
materials and van der Waals heterostructures at highcarrier density.

a)Flip-chip assembly. b)Cesium adsorption onto graphene.
c)Real-time ac Hall results during doping. d)The Fermi surfaces corresponding to the observed doping levels.
e)Magnetoresistance and weak-localization of high-density samples.
References[1] Profeta et al.,NaturePhysics 8,131(2012).
[2] Ludbrook et al.,PNAS 112,11795-11799(2015).
[3] Kühne et al.,NatureNanotechnology 12,895(2017).
[4] McChesney et al.,PhysRevLett 104,136803(2010).
[5] Hell et al.,NanoLett 18,(2018).
[6] Ehlen et al.,ACSNano 14,1055(2020).
[7] Ichinokura et al.,Phys.Rev.B 105,235307(2022).
[8] Ye et al.,PNAS 108,13002-13006(2011).
[9] Grüneis et al.,Phys.Rev.B 78,205425(2008).

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P173
VERTICALLY ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBES GROWN ON FIBROUS
CARBONS - TOWARDS NOVEL APPLICATIONS
B. Karakashov 1, U. Forestier-Colleoni 1, P. Lonchambon 1, V. Mertens 1, O. Sublemontier 1,
J. Descarpentries 2, M. Mayne-L'hermite 1, M. Pinault 1,*
1

CEA-CNRS-NIMBE, Université Paris-Saclay - Gif-Sur-Yvette (France)
2
NAWATechnologies - Rousset (France)*email: mathieu.pinault@cea.fr

Different scientific groups have evidenced the need to pre-deposit nanometric diffusion
barrier layers (DBL), as the most promising and commercially sustainable way, to successful
grow VACNTs (vertically aligned carbon nanotubes) on carbonaceous materials. Aside of wellstudied insulating DBL [1], anticipated conductive DBL show higher activity with the catalyst
layer (required for the growth of VACNTs), such as interdiffusion and alloy formation, whichfurther affects the microstructure of the DBL and dewetting of the catalyst layer into dense
network of nanoparticles [2]. Thus, the growth of VACNTs have been reported on different
conductive DBL materials, such as aluminium [3], molybdenum aluminide [4], tantalum nitride[5], titanium aluminide [6] or titanium nitride [7]. Imperatively, the introduction of a conductive
DBL is shown to support the growth of VACNTs and boost the conductive/mechanical propertiesof the overall composite. Nowadays, different techniques are studied for the deposition of DBL,
such as, chemical vapour deposition (CVD), physical vapour deposition (PVD), or atomic layer
deposition (ALD) [8].
The upper-cited DBL have already been used on various flat or 3-D substrates, and potentiallycan be re-/-investigated for the growth of VACNTs on carbon fibres (CF) [9]. Within the scope ofdevelopment and application of high-performance all-carbon materials, one issue is to distinguishsuitable solutions to achieve advanced 3-D carbon composites with enhanced conductive andmechanical properties for energy storage application.
For the purpose, we have examined the competence of CVD/PVD ways to deposit conductive
DBL for the growth of tuneable VACNTs on CF or flat carbone substrates via aerosol-assisted
CVD (AACVD) [1], at low temperatures (600 °C). As one of the used solutions, PVD was
carried out for the deposition of bi-metal conductive DBL on CF, followed by AACVD for thegrowth of VACNTs. The resultant composite morphologies (VACNT length, alignment) havebeen examined by scanning or transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) with the aim ofunderstanding the effect of the performed modification on the final hybrid material. Finally, wehighlight the importance of the initial materials/precursors, DBL deposition technique and
VACNTs’ CVD growth technique, all playing extremely important role for producing VACNTsCF composite.

References[1] Delmas, M et al., Nanotechnology 2012, 23, 105604.
[2] Nessim, G.D. et al., Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 3398–3405.
[3] Pozegic, T.R. et al., S.R.P. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6.
[4] Jiang, Y.Q. et al., Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE 22nd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical
Systems 2009, 587–590.
[5] Bouchet-Fabre, B et al., Diam. Relat. Mater. 2011, 20, 999–1004.
[6] Fontana, M. etal., Carbon 2020.
[7] Tas, M.O. Ph.D., University of Surrey, 2020.
[8] Sharma, P. et al., J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 2020, 31, 4399–4443.
[9] Karakashov, B. et al., Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 2300

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VERTICALLY ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBES ON ALUMINUM
FOILS: ONE-STEP SYNTHESIS FROM BIO-SOURCED PRECURSORSAND ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION
C. Chatelet 1,*, M. Pinault 1, P. Banet 2, J. Descarpentries 3
CEA - Gif Sur Yvette (France)
2
LPPI - Cergy (France)
3
NAWATechnologies - Rousset (France)*email: corentin.chatelet@cea.fr
1

In order to meet the growing demand for devices able to store efficiently electrical energy,
supercapacitors are emerging as good candidates due to their attractive balance between theirenergy density and their power density. However, their performance remains to be improved,
which is highly dependent on the material of the electrodes.Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes(VACNT) have been used instead of activated carbon as electrode for supercapacitors
applications. Indeed, owing to their anisotropy, VACNT offer easy ionic diffusion pathway andgreat specific power[1]. The Aerosol Assisted Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition method
allows the controlled one-step growth of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (VACNT) carpetson conductive substrates[2,3]. This process has been optimized for the growth of dense VACNT
on aluminium foils at low temperature (580 to 615°C) with acetylene as carbon precursor,
leading to a single-step process that meets industrial requirements for the development of low
cost, highly conducting and light supercapacitors electrodes[4]. In order to meet the challenges ofenergy transition, the industrial sector urgently needs to develop more acceptable processes fromthe point of view of environmental preservation and decarbonization. The aim of this work is toreplace the current carbon precursor (acetylene) by bio-based carbon sources compatible with anindustrial process. Our approach was to first identify the most relevant carbon sources and todevelop the synthesis conditions adjusted to these carbon sources in order to achieve VACNT
growth at a temperature as low as the one required on thin Al collectors. The challenge is a better
control of the growth process under these conditions where the physical and chemical phenomena
occuring can be modified or slowed down. Different bio-based precursors (liquid or gaseous)
were selected and used alone or associated for a parametric study in order to assess the interest in
term of VACNT growth. First results show that we were able to grow VACNT on thin Al
collector with each carbon precursor selected. VACNT from alcohol precursors have larger
diameter and less volumetric mass than acetylene VACNT but their density is similar (1011
CNT.cm-2). Moreover, VACNT height of 100µm can be reached in 80 minutes by using a
combination of ethylene and butanol as carbon sources at the temperature of 640°C.
Electrochemical capacitances measured for alcohol-based VACNT are in most cases lower thanthe ones of VANCT synthesized with acetylene. However volumetric capacitance from somesamples can compete with acetylene VACNT and will be presented. With the goal of mass
production of VACNTs on Al electrodes for supercapacitors, these encouraging results lead us toscale-up the process on larger Al surfaces from lab-scale up to an industrial production line.

References[1] Zhang et al, J. Electrochem. Soc. 155 (2008) K19. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2811864.
[2] Pinault et al, Nano Lett. 5 (2005) 2394–2398. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl051472k.
[3] Castro et al, Carbon. 61 (2013) 585–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.05.040.
[4] Nassoy et al, Nanomaterials. 9 (2019) 1590. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9111590.

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P175
VIOLET PHOSPHORUS TRANSMISSION AND PHOTOCONDUCTANCE
SPECTROSCOPY
E. Martel 1,*, B. Zhang 2, Z. Wang 3, J. Zhang 4, T. Szkopek 1
McGill University - Montreal (Canada)
Xi’an Jiaotong University - Xi'an (China)
3
Max-Planck-Institut fur Eisenforschung GmbH - Dusseldorf (Germany)4
Xi'an Jiaotong University - Xi'an (China)*email: eli.martel@mail.mcgill.ca
12

Phosphorus and its extensive catalog of allotropes have been a fascinating source of various
material properties for hundreds of years [1]. Black phosphorus (bP), a narrow bandgap
semiconductor known for its buckled honeycomb layers with interlayer van der Waals bonding,has been the subject of intense study in the last decade. Meanwhile, violet phosphorus (vP) has
only seen recent interest following advances in crystalline vP synthesis and exfoliation [2,3]. The
crystal structure of vP is now well known, consisting of orthogonally oriented layers ofphosphorus chains with P2[P8]P2[P9] repeating units [4], while its electronic and optoelectronic
properties are far less understood than for bP [3, 5, 6]. We report a complementary study of
exfoliated vP, including optical transmission measurements and photoconductance measurementsof mechanically exfoliated vP in the bulk thin-film limit. The spectral dependence of opticaltransmission and photoconductivity of vP leads us to identify optical transitions at van Hove
singularities corresponding to energies E1 = 1.80 +/- 0.05 eV and E2 = 1.95 +/- 0.05 eV. Througha comparison with density functional theory and a transition dipole analysis, transitions at Z and
A0 of the Brillouin zone are assigned to the observed photoconductivity spectral features.
Exfoliated vP samples are obtained following mechanical exfoliation of chemical vapor transport
synthesized crystals. The thickness is >100 nm, insufficiently thin for quantum confinement toaffect the bandgap, as was shown to be the case for bP [7]. Charge carriers may however
accumulate at the surface of exfoliated flakes due to band bending effects [8, 9]. This naturally
leads to sensitivity of the surface conditions, and considering the tendency of bP and vP tooxidize in ambient conditions [7, 10], an inert gas environment was used to suppress oxidationand study vP’s intrinsic properties. We experimentally observed that exposure of vP to an
ambient environment for several minutes suppresses photoconductivity, confirming theimportance of maintaining an inert environment for the study of vP’s intrinsic optoelectronic
properties. Exposure of vP to ambient conditions for several hours leads to the formation ofblisters on the vP surface. Further investigation using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) reveals this blistering to be due to oxidation.

References[1] Nilges T. et al., 2018 Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, 1–18
[2] Zhang B. et al., 2021 Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 9, 13855–13860[3] Lin S. et al., 2021 SmartMat, 2, 226–233[4] Böcker S. and Häser M., 1995 Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, 621, 258–286[5] Zhang L. et al., 2021 ACS Applied Electronic Materials, 3, 1043–1049[6] Zhang B. et al., 2022 2D Materials[7] Favron A. et al., 2015 Nature Materials, 14, 826–832[8] Li L. et al., 2015 Nature Nanotechnology, 10, 608–613[9] Tayari V et al., 2015 Nature Communications, 6, 1–7[10] Fali A. et al., 2021 Applied Physics Letters, 118, 163105

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P176
FISHING CARBON NANOTUBES WITH SURFACTANT MIXTURES AS
NANO-BAIT
B. Podlesny 1, D. Janas 1*
1

Silesian University of Technology - Gliwice (Poland)*email: dawid.janas@polsl.pl

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are among the most extensively researchedmaterials of our times. Unfortunately, they are always obtained as polydisperse mixtures, whichmust be sorted to unlock their implementation potential. One of the most convenient methods of
doing so is through aqueous two-phase extraction, which does not require sophisticatedequipment or niche chemical compounds [1]. This contribution will display our recent
breakthroughs in the differentiation of SWCNTs using this technique. Through a thoroughexamination of the separation process, we managed to enhance the resolution of the system
considerably. Consequently, we isolated (7,5) [2] and (6,4) [3] SWCNTs in a single step.
Furthermore, the application of previously unrecognized non-ionic surfactants and modelingenabled us to gain more insight into the mechanism of the ATPE [3,4].
The authors would like to thank the National Science Centre, Poland (under the OPUS program,Grant agreement UMO-2019/33/B/ST5/00631).

Extraction of specific SWCNTs using mixtures of anionic and non-ionic surfactants

References[1] J. Fagan, Aqueous two-polymer phase extraction of single-wall carbon nanotubes using surfactants, Nanoscale
Advances 1 (2019) 3307-3324.
[2] B. Podlesny, B. Olszewska, Z. Yaari, P.V. Jena, G. Ghahramani, R. Feiner, D.A. Heller, D. Janas, En route tosingle-step, two-phase purification of carbon nanotubes facilitated by high-throughput spectroscopy, Scientific
Reports 11 (2021) 10618.
[3] B. Podlesny, K.R. Hinkle, K. Hayashi, Y. Niidome, T. Shiraki, D. Janas, Highly-Selective Harvesting of (6,4)
SWCNTs Using the Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction Method and Nonionic Surfactants, Advanced Science (in press).
[4] P. Tiwari, B. Podlesny, M. Krzywiecki, K.Z. Milowska, D. Janas, Understanding the partitioning behavior of
single-walled carbon nanotubes using an aqueous two-phase extraction system composed of non-ionic surfactant andpolymer, Nanoscale Horizons (in press).

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P177
STRAIN-RELAXATION PROCESS FOR STRENGTH REINFORCEMENTOF CARBON NANOTUBE FIBERS
T. Fujimori 1,*, M. Sakai 2, H. Inoue 1, T. Onoki 1, D. Tanioka 1, T. Hikata 1, S. Okubo 1,
S. Jeong 2, K. Akada 2, J. Fujita 2
1

Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. - Osaka (Japan)
2
University of Tsukuba - Tsukuba (Japan)*email: fujimori-toshihiko@sei.co.jp

Carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers provide a rich potential for the next-generation light-weight
structural materials. Despite extensive research on the fiberization techniques of CNTs, CNT
fibers exhibit far below the tensile strength of commercially- available chemical fibers (e.g., 2.3(N/tex) for Kevlar), mainly due to the inter-tube defects originating from insufficient loadtransfer and stress concentration caused by local misorientation and low packing density. Here
we show a way to improve the tensile strength of CNT fibers through the iteration of strain andreleasing processes. In this study, aligned CNT bundles were fabricated using a laboratorydesigned reactor based on floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition [1]. Ferrocene andthiophene were used as a catalyst source and a promotor, respectively. Toluene and ethylene wereused as carbon sources. The feedstock was injected to the reactor simultaneously through a spraynozzle with pure hydrogen. The resulting CNT bundles were collected as a macroscopic fiber (asmade CNT fiber). To remove remaining inter-bundle voids, as-made CNT fiber was immersed inchlorosulfonic acid (CSA) and stretched to ~270% compared to the initial length. The wetstretched fiber was rinsed with chloroform and dried under vacuum (denoted as CSA-CNT fiber).
As-made CNT fiber and CSA-CNT fiber were pulled until elongation reached to ~1% andsubsequently released the strain. The strain-relaxation process was performed for 100 times.
After the strain-relaxation process, the specific strength of as-made CNT fiber increases from
0.62 (N/tex) to 1.5 (N/tex) with decreasing the breaking strain. This trend is also observed for
CSA-CNT fiber, reaching to a specific strength of 2.8 (N/tex) after the strain-relaxation process.
This result indicates that repeating the strain-relaxation process in a quasi-elastic elongation(~1%) could gradually reduce the entanglement of CNTs and/or the inter-bundle voids, leading to
the reconstruction of CNT bundles and the strength reinforcement of CNT fibers (Fig. 1).
This work was supported by Innovative Science and Technology Initiative for Security, ATLA,Japan (Grant Number JPJ004596).

Fig. 1. The strain-relaxation process for improving the strength of CNT fibers.
References[1] T. Fujimori et al., Sci Rep. 12, 1285 (2022).

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P178
TARGETED EXTRACTION OF SPECIFIC SINGLE-WALLED CARBON
NANOTUBES WITH CONJUGATED POLYMERS IN ORGANICSOLVENTS
A. Dzienia 1, P. Taborowska 1, D. Just 1, D. Janas 1*
1

Silesian University of Technology - Gliwice (Poland)*email: dawid.janas@polsl.pl

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are highly valuable in a broad
spectrum of exploitation fields such as photonics, microelectronics, etc. Currently, one of themain obstacles limiting their implementation is the scarcity of chirality-defined fractions with aparticular set of desired properties. To tackle this problem, the community has developed various
sorting methods to provide such materials [1]. Conjugated Polymer Extraction is particularly
useful, as it offers high selectivity, and the isolated SWCNTs are already suspended in volatileorganic solvents, which are highly convenient for making devices. Unfortunately, the mechanismof the process is not fully understood, so, so far, only (6,5) and (7,5) SWCNTs can be isolatedwith truly monochiral purity. This contribution will disclose how we extract specific SWCNTs
from their complex mixtures using self-made conjugated polymers and organic solvents.
Thoughtful selection of separation medium and tailoring of the polymer characteristics enable thegeneration of suspensions highly enriched with (7,3) or (6,4) SWCNTs [2-3]. The conducted
experiments highlight the importance of a number of factors, which are crucial for reachingsatisfactory yield and selectivity.
The authors would like to thank the National Science Centre, Poland (under the SONATA
program, Grant agreement UMO-2020/39/D/ST5/00285).

References[1] D. Janas, Towards monochiral carbon nanotubes: a review of progress in the sorting of single-walled carbon
nanotubes, Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2 (2018) 36-63.
[2] A. Dzienia, D. Just, P. Taborowska, A. Mielanczyk, K.Z. Milowska, S. Yorozuya, S. Naka, T. Shiraki, D. Janas,
Small (under review)[3] A. Dzienia, D. Just, D. Janas, Nanoscale (under review)NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

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P180
ADVANCED FABRICATION AND MULTI-PROPERTIES OF CARBON
NANOTUBE- GRAPHENE OXIDE HYBRID AEROGELS
C.J. Goh 1, T. Bai 1, R.H. Ong 1, X.Y. Goh 1, D. Aw Zhe Hao 1, L.T. Nguyen 1, T. Li 1,
H.M. Duong 1*
1

National University of Singapore (NUS) - Singapore (Singapore)*email: mpedhm@nus.edu.sg

Electromagnetic interference is considered a serious form of environmental pollution, ranging
from minor disturbances to possible fatal accidents due to the malfunction of critical control
system. One crucial way to prevent the electromagnetic interference is to provide shielding
against the interference. Shielding devices not only reduces the electromagnetic emissions but
also improves the devices’ performance. But common electromagnetic shielding materials aremostly made from heavy metals due to their high electrical conductivity. To overcome the current
shielding material problems, we develop successfully the alternative lightweight carbon nanotube(CNT) and graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid aerogels with excellent electromagnetic performance invarious GHz bands, mechanical properties, and thermal properties. The rGO sheets have thethickness range of 10 - 15 nm. The CNTs have an outer diameter range of 8 -15 nm and theaverage length of 50μm.
Ultralightweight CNT-rGO aerogels are fabricated via solution mixing and freeze-drying
processes. After the freeze-drying process, the uniform hybrid aerogels have the densities of 0.11
- 0.15 g/cm3 and the very high porosities of 80-90%. The aerogel with 3.1mm thickness exhibits
the excellent reflection loss of below -10dB throughout the entire X-band (8-12 GHz) andreaches the maximum reflection loss of -68 dB at 9.40 GHz. The hybrid aerogels also have thelow thermal conductivities of 0.041 – 0.063 W/m.K and the high thermal stability of 220°C. The
aerogels also have the excellent compressive strength with their young’s modulus of 1.25 – 1.46
MPa. The developed aerogels can be used for shielding coating to protect critical electronicequipment and for military stealth technologies.

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P181
ARE OUR DFT MODELS OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL VAN DER WAALSHETEROSTRUCTURES RELIABLE? A JANUS NANOTUBE CASE
STUDY
J. Brown 1, D. Vadseth 1, A. Page 1*
1

University of Newcastle - Newcastle (Australia)*email: alister.page@newcastle.edu.au

The recent translation of van der Waals heterostructures from 2-dimensions to 1-dimensions
has established a new class of materials with exciting optoelectronic properties.1 Synthesis ofcomplex CNT@BNNT@MoS2 multiwall heteronanotube architectures have displayedinteresting properties such as ultrafast optoelectronic processes2 and inner core nanotube
dependent photoluminescence quenching.3 In order to understand, model and predict the structure
and behaviour of these new architectures, the field invariably turns to plane wave density
functional theory (DFT). And while in reality 1D vdW heterostructures do not induce lattice
deformation of their component tube layers, the use of periodic boundary conditions in plane
wave DFT calculations can induce significant artificial strain in the material. This occurs since asingle axial lattice dimension must be applied, despite individual layers having incommensurate
axial lattice vectors. The fact that low-dimensional TMD materials have well-established straininduced properties4,5 then begs the question – are our DFT predictions of 1D vdWheterostructures reliable? In this work we consider the effects of artificial axial strain, radialstrain, exchange correlation functional and dispersion approximation on the stability andproperties of 1D vdW nanotubes using plane wave DFT, focusing on Janus SWCNT@MoSX (X= Se, Te) heterostructures as a case study.6

References[1] Xiang et al., Science 2020, 367, 537-542.
[2] Burdanova et al. Nano Letters 2020, 20, 3560-3567.
[3] Liu, M. et al. ACS Nano 2021, 15, 8418-8426.
[4] Ghorbani-Asl et al.. Scientific Reports 2013, 3, 2961.
[5] Li et al. Nano Research 2014, 7 (4), 518-527.
[6] Brown, J. J., Vadseth D., Page, A. J., Submitted (2023).

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P182
BROADLY TUNABLE UNIDIRECTIONAL HYPERBOLIC
METASURFACES OF ULTRATHIN PERIODICALLY ALIGNEDCARBON NANOTUBES
M.D. Pugh 1, F.I. Seikh 1, I.V. Bondarev 1*
1

North Carolina Central University - Durham (United States)*email: ibondarev@nccu.edu

Self-assembled quasiperiodic finite-thickness single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCN) arrays
and films have been recently shown experimentally to exhibit extraordinary optoplasmonic
properties [1-3], which is why they are getting more and more attention of nanomaterials
communities. Here, using the low-energy plasmon response calculation technique [4] and the
many-particle Green’s function formalism in the Matsubara formulation [5], we study the inplane dynamical electromagnetic (EM) response for ultrathin (<~ a few tens of nm) plane-parallel
periodic SWCN arrays and weakly inhomogeneous SWCN films in the broad spectral domain of
IR to visible [6,7]. Our theory demonstrates strong EM response anisotropy, whereby the system
becomes metallic in the SWCN alignment direction (even for semiconductor SWCN arrays) anddielectric in the perpendicular in-plane direction [6]. This can be controlled by the volume
fraction of constituent SWCNs, the active component of the film, which can be done not only byvarying the parameters of the SWCN content (CN diameter and/or intertube distance) but also by
varying the thickness of the CN embedding dielectric layer. For homogeneous single-type
periodic SWCN arrays and weakly inhomogeneous quasi-periodic multi-type SWCN films, thereal part of the EM response function in the CN alignment direction is negative in a wide domainaround quantum interband (exciton) transitions of constituent SWCNs, to form relatively broad
negative refraction (NR) bands, whereby the system behaves as a unidirectional hyperbolic
metasurface (MS) at higher frequencies than those (typically in the IR) the classical intrabandplasma oscillations have to offer. We show that by decreasing the CN diameter it is possible topush such a unidirectional NR band to the visible range and using weakly inhomogeneous multitype SWCN films makes it broader compared to that of a single-type SWCN array. We also showthat by varying the relative weights of the constituent SWCN array components in a properly
fabricated two-component SWCN film, it is possible to tune its optical absorption profile to makethe film transmit or absorb light on-demand. Other, more fundamental applications we study
include: (a) highly efficient unidirectional SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering) substrates
for single atom/ion/molecule detection, trapping, and manipulation; (b) precision directional
control of polarized spontaneous emission, absorption and scattering by atomic type emitterstrapped near ultrathin finite-thickness SWCN metasurfaces; (c) near-field control of CasimirPolder forces in close proximity to ultrathin finite-thickness SWCN films. This research is
supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Condensed Matter Theory ProgramAward No. DMR-1830874 (I.V.B.).

References[1] J.A. Roberts, et al., Phys. Rev. Appl. 14, 044006 (2020).
[2] W. Gao, C.F. Doiron, X. Li, J. Kono, and G.V. Naik, ACS Photonics 6, 1602 (2019).
[3] J.A. Roberts, et al., Nano Lett. 19, 3131 (2019).
[4] I.V. Bondarev, Optical Materials Express 9, 285 (2019).
[5] G.D. Mahan, Many-Particle Physics (New York, 2000).
[6] I.V. Bondarev and C.M. Adhikari, Phys. Rev. Appl. 15, 034001 (2021).
[7] C.M. Adhikari and I.V. Bondarev, J. Appl. Phys. 129, 015301 (2021).

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P183
ENHANCED PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION OF NOX OVER TIO2CARBON NANOTUBE HYBRID COATINGS
B. Everhart 1, A. Al Mayyahi 1, P.A.M.A.M. Amama 1*
1

Kansas State University - Manhattan (United States)*email: pamama@ksu.edu

Nitrogen oxides (NOx), originating from combustion reactions, can have detrimental healthand environmental effects resulting from high amounts of nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogendioxide (NO2), the most common forms of NOx. To reduce concentrations of NOx in theatmosphere, heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductors has been studied as an effective
method for NOx abatement. Complete oxidation of NOx results in the generation of harmlessconcentrations of nitrates (NO3-), whereas partial oxidation generates NO2, the most hazardous
form of atmospheric NOx. Real-world humidity levels in major cities across the globe have beenassessed, and our experiments have been conducted under representative conditions. The DeNOx index—a measure of photonic efficiency during NOx oxidation—has been used to quantify
catalyst efficiency in completely oxidizing NOx to nitrates. Our results show substantial
photocatalytic enhancement of TiO2 during NOx oxidation by coupling with multi-walled carbon
nanotubes (MWCNTs). We have investigated the effects of initial concentration, humidity, andreactor headspace on De-NOx for commercial TiO2 (P25) and TiO2-MWCNT under practicalconditions. To obtain further insight into the reaction mechanisms and specific role of thenanotubes in enhanced NOx abatement, a variety of characterization techniques have been used
to probe the photocatalysts.

References
B.M. Everhart, B. McAuley, A. Al Mayyahi, B. Tonyali, U. Yucel, P.B. Amama, "Photocatalytic NOx Mitigation
Under Relevant Conditions Using Carbon Nanotube-Modified Titania," Chemical Engineering Journal 446 (2022)
136984.

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P184
HYDROGEL MATRICES FOR NEAR-INFRARED MONITORING OF
ASCORBIC ACID RELEASE
W. Hanxuan 1,*, E. Sevil Çıkrıkcı 2, L. Xuewen 3, B. Ardemis A. 1
1

Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering - Lausanne(Switzerland)
2
Konya Food and Agriculture University - Konya (Turkey)
3
Henan Agricultural University - Zhengzhou (China)*email: hanxuan.wang@epfl.ch

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have excellent optical properties for sensing
applications. On excitation, semiconducting SWCNTs emit fluorescence that varies with thechirality and the environment of the nanotube. Because the near-infrared fluorescence emissions
are minimally absorbed by biological tissue and biofluids, SWCNTs can be used for deep-tissue
imaging and sensing. These applications, however, require SWCNT immobilization andencapsulation strategies that are stable and biocompatible.
Herein, we develop a hydrogel-encapsulated SWCNT sensor to study the release of ascorbic acid,a model agent for delivery applications. We examine the response of SWCNTs wrapped in(GT)10, (GT)20, (GT)40, (CCG)4, (CCG)8 and (AT)15 DNA sequences to ascorbic acid. The
strongest response is observed for the (GT)10 sequence. The (GT)10-wrapped SWCNT sensors
also show the greatest sensitivity to ascorbic acid concentrations over the range of 10 - 100 μM.
We further compared the performance of the (GT)10-wrapped SWCNT sensor in differenthydrogels, including alginate, hyaluronic acid, and agarose matrices loaded with ascorbic acid.
The agarose gels show the most promising performance, undergoing the largest intensity change
on release of 100 μM ascorbic acid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the agarosehydrogel loaded with and without the SWCNTs confirm no significant perturbation of this matrix
on SWCNT encapsulation under the tested conditions. Finally, the encapsulated sensor wasapplied to monitor cyclic ascorbic acid loading and release. These results highlight the promising
application of SWCNT hydrogels for the reversible optical monitoring of bioactive agents.

Construction of SWCNT-hydrogel structure
References[1] Kruss, S.; Landry, M. P.; Vander Ende, E.; Lima, B. M. A.; Reuel, N. F.; Zhang, J.; Nelson, J.; Mu, B.; Hilmer,
A.; Strano, M., Neurotransmitter Detection Using Corona Phase Molecular Recognition on Fluorescent SingleWalled Carbon Nanotube Sensors. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2014, 136 (2), 713-724.
[2] Card, M.; Gravely, M.; M. Madani, S. Z.; Roxbury, D., A Spin-Coated Hydrogel Platform Enables Accurate
Investigation of Immobilized Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
2021, 13 (27), 31986-31995.

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P185
MACHINE LEARNING MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF
SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE GROWTH
I. Kohata 1,*, R. Yoshikawa 1, K. Hisama 2, K. Otsuka 1, S. Maruyama 1
1

Department of Mechanical Engineering, the University of Tokyo - Tokyo (Japan)
2
Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University - Nagano (Japan)*email: kohata@photon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp

In the past few decades, many classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carriedout to reveal the growth mechanism of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs),
demonstrating a series of growth processes from the nucleation to the sidewall elongation [1].
Although these studies provided insights into the primary growth mechanism of SWCNTs, thediscussion of the chirality was difficult because the simulated SWCNTs had a number of defects.
This difficulty in simulating defect-free growth can be attributed to the limited accuracy of theinteratomic potentials.
Recently, the application of artificial neural networks to interatomic potentials has been actively
studied to overcome the limitations of conventional interatomic potentials, and such interatomic
potentials are called neural network potentials (NNPs).
We developed an NNP to describe the defect formation energetics of graphitic structure for more
realistic MD simulations of SWCNT growth. As shown in Fig. 1, the SWCNTs grew throughcarbon saturation, cap formation, and side wall elongation, which are typical growth stages.
During the growth, defects were frequently formed on the open edge and healed into hexagons bymetal-mediated C-C bond recombination, resulting in defect-free SWCNTs with exactly six
pentagons in their cap. The simulated SWCNTs’ side walls had few defects, which allowed us toinvestigate the detailed processes of hexagon formation at zigzag and armchair sites on the open
tube edge. Our realization of the defect-free growth MD simulation will give insights into themechanism of SWCNT growth.

Fig. 1. (8,7) SWCNT growth on Fe120 at 1500 K. The blue and green atoms denote Fe and C, respectively. The redpolygons are pentagons. The pink polygon is the first hexagon.
References[1] Yoshikawa, et al., ACS Nano, 13 (2019) 6506-6512.

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P186
NANOFUNCTIONALIZATION TOWARDS SCREENING
NANOCATALYSTS FOR AGROCHEMICAL NEUTRALIZATION:
EFFECTS OF COVERAGE, SUPPORT, GROUP AND NEIGHBORING
A. Martinez 1, Y. Santos 1, V. Costa 1, A. Zarbin 1, E.S. Orth 1*
1

Federal University of Paraná - Curitiba (Brazil)*email: elisaorth@ufpr.br

Agrochemicals and chemical warfare have a lot in common, since they constitute the class oforganophosphates, known to be highly toxic. Abusive use, intoxication, terrorist attacks, civil
war, unsafe food are some of the issues that concern regarding these compounds. Hence, it has
been of great interest to develop efficient methods for alerting attacks, monitoring crops/food andoverall neutralizing undesired stocks and warheads. Catalysts-by-design is a promising approach,since the reactions of organophosphates are extremely slow. Our group has been focused incombating organophosphates, mainly seeking: (i) milder conditions for theneutralization/synthetic processes; (ii) nanocatalysts derived from graphene oxide and carbon
nanotubes. We pursued site-selective mono and bifunctionalization with thiol, imidazole andhydroxamate groups (covalently linked) and applied as neutralizing agents. The catalysts wereobtained as powder (for carbon nanotube with magnetic properties) and thin film, whichfacilitates separation and reuse. For the bifunctionalization, two different groups were anchoredon specific sites of the material: (i) carboxylic acid for the cellulosic residues; and (ii) bothcarboxylic acid and epoxy sites for the graphene oxide. The catalysts are able to act asneutralizing agents for organophosphates, accelerating the process to less than 1 day, that
otherwise could take millions of years. The process guarantees less toxic products and is selective
and recyclable. The bifunctionalized catalysts showed an interesting relationship between
coverage degree, group identity and neighboring effects. The materials with the highest degree offunctionalization were not the best catalysts. This was attributed to cooperative effects between
neighbouring groups that promote multiple catalyses (acid, basic and nucleophilic). In addition, ahigher coverage by functional groups can disturb or even inhibit possible catalytic mechanisms,
either by steric effect or non-ideal positioning of the groups. This finding was extremely
important since it shows that the functionalization process pursued should be driven by theapplication wanted since not always what we expect as a better functionalization methodology
will lead to the best response for a specific application. In summary, indeed the strategic designof various materials seeking optimal catalysts opens a myriad of possibilities for achieving
prominent catalysis, especially for promoting worldwide chemical security by fighting
agrochemicals and chemical warfare.

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P187
ONE-DIMENSIONAL VAN DER WAALS HETEROSTRUCTURES AS
THE ACTIVE LAYER MATERIAL OF SOLAR CELLS
Z. Bowen 1,*, Q. Xiyang 1, W. Shuhui 1, Z. Yongjia 1, K. Esko 2, C. Shohei 1, M. Yutaka 3,
X. Rong 4, O. Keigo 1, M. Shigeo 1
1
university of tokyo - Tokyo (Japan)
Aalto University - Helsinki (Finland)3
nagoya university - Nagoya (Japan)
4
Zhejiang Univerisity - Hang Zhou (China)*email: zhangbw@photon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
2

Carbon nanotubes have demonstrated great potential in photovoltaic applications credited totheir strong chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, and tunable energy levels, whichenable them to function as electrodes or the active layer components of solar cells. In 2020, ourgroup successfully synthesized one-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures [1], composed ofa coaxial stacking of boron nitride (BN) on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), followed by transition
metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) coating on BN layer, which finally forms 1D triple structure
CNTs-BN-MoS2 nanotubes. Preceding research results by examining the ultrafast response of 1D
heterostructures to infrared light pulses demonstrated a strong intertube excitonic coupling [2],indicating a potential of 1D heterostructures as the active layer material for solar cells.
The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method was adopted for 1D heterostructure synthesis [3].
Carbon nanotube films on graphite substrate went through two stages of CVD growth for BN and
MoS2 coverage successively. For solar cell fabrication, a laminated structure was adopted where
the ITO electrode, electron transport layer, 1D heterostructure active layer, hole transport layer,
and gold electrode were deposited on the glass substrate successively. The fabricated device was
finally set under the solar light simulator to test the I-V curve and power conversion efficiency.
Compared with conventional silicon solar cells whose active layer component is fixed, the novel
1D heterostructure solar cells possess a larger diversity facilitated by free combinations of carbon
nanotubes with different chirality and TMDC with different band structures and energy levels [4].
The inner carbon nanotubes act as the foundation of the entire structure, not only mechanicallysupporting outer layers, but also determining the electrical properties of devices. We fabricatedthe devices using the metallic and semi-conducting mixture CNTs [5] and achieved a power
conversion efficiency (PCE) of around 0.05% for the best device. We believe that PCE can befurther enhanced by removing the metallic component in the CNTs film to suppress the electricalleakages. We also are working on film fabrication from high-purity semi-conducting CNT
dispersion [6]. Through the filtration and annealing process [7], we acquired semi-conducting
CNT films and removed the most of surfactant on CNTs, ready for the 1D heterostructure growthin the next step.

References[1] R. Xiang et al., Science, 367, 537–542 (2020).
[2] M. G. Burdanova et al., Adv. Funct. Mater., 32, 2104969 (2022).
[3] M. Liu et al., ACS Nano, 15, 5, 8418–8426 (2021).
[4] R. Xiang et al., Material Matters, 16-3, 18-22 (2021).
[5] A. Kaskela et al., Nano Lett., 10, 11, 4349–4355 (2010).
[6] J. Cui et al., ACS Appl. Nano Mater, 2, 1, 343–350 (2019).
[7] C. Zhang et al., ACS Nano, 16, 11, 18630-18636 (2022).

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P188
THE EFFECT OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE FILM
ELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT ON THE PROPERTIES ANDFILLING CAPABILITY
M.O. Bulavskiy 1*, F.S. Fedorov 1, A.G. Nasibulin 1
1

Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology - Moscow (Russian Federation)*email: mikhail.bulavskiy@skoltech.ru

Metal encapsulated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) are in the focus of theextensive research over the last years because their possible application in various fields fromelectrocatalysis and energy storage to nanoelectronics and magnetic materials [1-3]. Most metal
encapsulated SWCNT applications require control over SWCNTs structure, while demand them
to be opened for filling. Structure control is crucial not only because SWCNT shell protects filler
material from the interaction with surrounding medium, but also because several applications relyon the electronic properties when nanotube band structure is altered by the filler material [4]. The
commonly used technique for SWCNT opening is treatment with inorganic acids, but heat
treatment in oxidizing atmosphere is also utilized [5,6]. Although these procedures allow toefficiently oxidize SWCNT caps and purify nanotubes, they also generate structural defects on
the side walls. To allow precise control over the SWCNT cap removal the alternativeelectrochemical treatment can be utilized [7]. It enables accurate dozing “opening power”(potential) and duration that finally can lead to the better filling capacity. In this work, we haveexamined the effect of electrochemical treatment on the SWCNT film’s properties and fillingcapability. The investigated material was SWCNT film of ⁓90% transmittance in the middle ofthe visible region (550 nm) supported on the polymer substrate with the opening. The film wascomprising chaotically oriented SWCNTs synthesized using aerosol chemical vapor deposition
method [8]. The electrochemical treatment consisted of the potential cycling of SWCNT film
immersed into the 0.5 mol l-1 sulfuric acid electrolyte for 100 cycles at 20 mV s-1 sweep rate
between the bottom limit potential 0.2 V vs. RHE and top limit potential 0.7-1.5 V vs. RHE. In
the result we revealed optical and electrical properties behavior as well as functional andstructural changes, which were attributed to the I-V curves. We established that SWCNT internal
voids opening could be easily tracked by electrochemical means or with UV-vis-NIR
spectroscopy. We show that SWCNT internal channels filling ability reaches maximum of ⁓2000
m cm-2 of nanowire length per film unit area. This highest filling capacity is achieved withelectrochemical treatment at 1.1 V vs. RHE, and decays at severer treatment.
The authors thank the Council on grants (number НШ-1330.2022.1.3).

References[1] Kharlamova M. et. al. / Nanomaterials. 2021. Vol. 11. P. 2863.
[2] Monthioux M. et al / J. Mater. Res. 2006. Vol. 21. P. 2774-2793.
[3] Li M. et. al. / Nano Res. 2023. Vol. 16. P. 3451-3474.
[4] Kharlamova M. / Prog. Mater. Sci. 2016. Vol. 77. P. 125-211.
[5] Tsang S. et. al. / Nature. 1994. Vol. 372. P. 159-162.
[6] Thamavaranukup N. et. al. / Chem. Commun. 2004. P. 1686-1687.
[7] Holloway A. et. al. / J. Phys. Chem. C. 2008. Vol. 112. P. 10389-10397.
[8] Tian Y. et. al. / Carbon. 2011. Vol. 49. P. 4636-4643.

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P189
TRACKING ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF INTERMEDIATE STATEBETWEEN MOSE2 AND JANUS MOSES DURING PLASMATREATMENTY. Wang 1, R. Nakano 1, Y. Liu 1, Y. Hayashi 1, H. Suzuki 1*
1

Okayama University - Okayama (Japan)*email: hiroo.suzuki@okayama-u.ac.jp

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), typified by MoS2 and MoSe2, are promisingmaterials for next-generation semiconductor device applications, including optoelectronic
devices, chemical-biological sensors, and energy conversion devices. The structural freedom of
TMDCs through atomic substitution is key to controlling the electrical properties of TMDCs. The
Janus TMDCs, which have different chalcogen atoms on each side of the TMDCs,
have attracted much attention due to the out-of-plane intrinsic polarization in the monolayer
TMDCs. The plasma process for the synthesis of Janus TMDCs by the atomic substitution of
surface chalcogen atoms of non-Janus TMDCs at room temperature has been proposed [1,2].
However, the electrical properties in the intermediate state between non-Janus and Janus
TMDCs have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the electrical properties of theintermediate state between MoSe2 and Janus MoSeS during the atomic substitution process.
Monolayer MoSe2 was synthesized by vapor-liquid-solid growth-based chemical vapor
deposition. To measure the electrical properties, a field effect transistor (FET) with the channel ofmonolayer MoSe2, was fabricated by the lithography techniques. The changes in electricalproperties during the synthesis of Janus MoSeS from MoSe2 were tracked by alternating plasma
treatments and FET characterizations. We observed a significant increase in the current after
plasma treatment in the initial treatment stage; however, we also observed a decrease in thecurrent in the near state of Janus MoSeS. The change of Raman spectra in the repeated plasma
treatments was also traced. We observed unknown Raman peaks during the repeated treatments,
which may originate from the intermediate state between MoSe2 and Janus MoSeS. These results
suggest that the intermediate state may contribute to the increase in the current. The possible
origin of this behavior is the formation of Mo-H bonds during the substitution process, leading to
the semiconducting to metallic phase transition [3].

References[1] D.B. Trivedi, et al., Adv. Mater. 32, 2006320 (2020).
[2] Y. Guo et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 118, e2106124118 (2021).
[3] X. Wan et al., ACS Nano 15, 20319 (2021).

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354

P190
ADVANCED FABRICATION AND PROPERTIES OF POLYETHYLENE
TEREPHTHELATE (PET) AEROGEL COMPOSITES FROM PLASTIC
WASTE
X.Y. Goh 1, K. Guo 1, R.H. Ong 1, L.T. Nguyen 1, H.M. Duong 2,*
National Uni. of Singapore - Singapore (Singapore)
National Uni. of Singapore and University of Cuu Long, Vietnam - Singapore (Singapore)*email: mpedhm@nus.edu.sg
1

2

In order to solve environmental problems of plastic waste, the polyethylene terephthalate(PET) aerogel composites from PET bottle waste are developed successfully in this work. The
PET honeycomb structures with various cell width are made by layering PET sheets and formedby ethyl cyanoacrylate. The honeycomb cells are filled up with the recycled PET fibers and across-linker solution and then freeze-fried at – 70 oC, 0.1 mbar for 48 hours to obtain the PET
aerogel composites (PACs). Effects of the various honeycomb cell width (5 - 10 mm), therecycled PET fiber amount (5 - 20 g) and the cross linker amount on thermal conductivities andmechanical properties of the PACs are investigated comprehensively. Due to the PET aerogelcontribution, the PACs have the low densities of 0.042 – 0. 072 g/cm3 and the low thermal
conductivities of 33 – 37 mW/m.K. The compressive strength of the PACs in the out-of-plane
direction is up to 320 times larger than those in the other in-plane directions. Due to the smallest
cell width of the honeycomb structure, the PAC with the 5-mm cell width exhibits the highest
compressive strength of 11.56 MPa in its out-of-plane direction and 0.06 - 0.12 MPa in the otherin-plane directions. The PAC properties are better than those of aramid honeycomb reinforced
silica aerogel composites. The PACs can be the better alternatives for insulative panels inbuilding, cryogenic, and cold chain applications.

POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHELATE (PET) AEROGEL COMPOSITE

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355

P191
EXTRAORDINARY IMPACT RESISTANCE OF CARBON NANOTUBE
FILM WITH CROSSLINKS UNDER MICRO-BALLISTIC IMPACT
X. Kailu 1, H. Dongmei 2,*, W. Chao 1, W. Xianqian 1
a Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, - Beijing (China)
Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Suzhou (China)*email: dmhu2010@sinano.ac.cn
1

2

The crosslinks of carbon nanotubes (CNT) film has been demonstrated to owing the ability toreinforce the quasi-static mechanical properties. But it is unclear whether crosslinks improve theballistic impact resistance of CNT film. Here, we investigated the impact resistance of CNT filmwith crosslinks by combining micro-ballistic impact experiments with coarse-grained molecular
dynamics (CGMD) simulations. The impact resistance is quantitatively characterized in terms of
the specific penetration energy. Meanwhile, the effective enhancement of impact resistancecontributed to the crosslinks is directly observed in the experiment. CGMD simulations are
employed to unveil the corresponding mechanisms in terms of deformation behavior, energy
dissipation mode, and failure behavior. Our results indicate that with the increase of crosslink
density, the energy dissipation mode of the CNT film transforms from bending-dominated tostretching-bending-dominated due to enhanced interaction between the adjacent CNTs. This leads
to a transformation of perforated morphology from cascaded interfaces sliding to crosslinkrestricted deformation with crosslinks. Our simulations also indicate that the length, bending
stiffness of CNTs, and film’s thickness play essential roles in the impact resistance of CNT film
at various crosslink densities. These results provide a feasible strategy to improve the protective
performance of CNT film.

Simulated morphologies of the CNT films with thicknesses of (a) 5 nm, (b) 10 nm, and (c) 15 nm for ρ = 10 during
impact. (A colour version of this figure can be viewed online.)
References[1] S. Zangana, J. Epaarachchi, W. Ferdous, J. Leng, A novel hybridised composite sandwich core with Glass,
Kevlar and Zylon fibres e investigation under lowvelocity impact, Int. J. Impact Eng. 137 (2020) 103430.
[2] N. Anzar, R. Hasan, M. Tyagi, N. Yadav, J. Narang, Carbon nanotube - a review on Synthesis, Properties andplethora of applications in the field of biomedical science, Sensors Inter 1 (2020) 100003.
[3] W. Wang, Y. Zhang, L. Xu, X. Li, Mechanical properties of high-strength Q960 steel at elevated temperature,
Fire Saf. J. 114 (2020) 103010.

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356

P192
IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF ALIGNED CARBON
NANOTUBE-BASED TRANSISTORS BY REFRESHING THE
SUBSTRATE SURFACE
L. Yanxia 1, Y. Cao 1,*, L. Haozhe 2, L. Chenchen 1, Z. Zirui 1, J. Chuanhong 2, P. Lian-Mao 1,
Z. Zhiyong 1
2

1
Peking University - Beijing (China)
Zhejiang University - Hangzhou (China)*email: yu_cao@pku.edu.cn

Aligned semiconducting carbon nanotube (A-CNT) array has been considered as an excellent
channel material to construct high-performance field-effect transistors (FETs) and integrated
circuits (ICs). The purification and assembly processes to prepare semiconducting A-CNT array
require conjugated polymers, introducing stubborn residual polymers and stress at the interface
between A-CNTs and substrate which inevitably affects the fabrication and performance of the
FETs. In this work, we develop a process to refresh the Si/SiO2 substrate surface underneath the
A-CNT film by wet etching to clean the residual polymers and release the stress. Top-gated ACNT FETs fabricated with this process show significant performance improvement especially interms of saturation on-current, peak transconductance, hysteresis, and subthreshold swing. These
improvements are attributed to the increase in carrier mobility from 1025 to 1374 cm2/Vs by 34%
after the substrate surface refreshing process. Representative 200 nm-gate length A-CNT FETs
exhibit an on-current of 1.42 mA/μm and a peak transconductance of 1.06 mS/μm at a drain-tosource bias of 1 V, subthreshold swing (SS) of 105 mV/dec, and negligible hysteresis and drain
induced barrier lowering (DIBL) of 5 mV/V.

Schematic showing the substrate surface refreshing process and the transfer characteristics of top-gated A-CNT
FETs with and without this process

References[1] Yanxia Lin, Yu Cao, Haozhe Lu, Chenchen Liu, Zirui Zhang, Chuanhong Jin, Lian-Mao Peng, Zhiyong Zhang,
ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c22049.

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357

P193
MULTI-FUNCTIONAL CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITE FIBERS
WITH ULTRAFAST AND LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTROTHERMALRESPONSE FOR WEARABLE FABRICS
Z. Yang 1, J. Huang 1, Y. Shao 1*
Peking University - Beijing (China)*email: shaoyuanlong@pku.edu.cn

1

CNTs have been considered to be the final building blocks of a new generation of highperformance multifunctional fibers owing to their high strength, high thermal conductivity andhigh electrical conductivity [1]. The van der Waals forces between CNTs were overcome by theinteraction of superacid protons, and the liquid crystal dopes with the formation of anisotropy anddynamic alignment was facilitated by fluid shear. This liquid crystal CNT dopes could beassembled into carbon nanotube fibers by wet spinning method, which shows excellent
performance of high strength, electronic conductivity and thermal conductivity [2-5]. The
application of lightweight and high-performance fibers for reinforcement of composite materials
in frontier fields and functional and intelligent fibers in wearable electronics has a greater
prospect in the future. In our work, we enhance the electrothermal performance of carbon
nanotube fibers by increasing the inter-tube interaction to enhance the phonon and electrontransfer rate. In addition, the polymer molecules produce directional drainage, enhancing theviscoelastic and liquid crystal phase of the CNT dispersion, ensuring better spinnability and fiber
microstructure integrity during the assembly process. The tensile fracture strength, electricalconductivity and thermal conductivity of the carbon nanotube composite fibers prepared in thisstudy were 3.67±0.4 GPa, 3.25±0.1 MS∙m-1 and 376±50 W∙m-1∙K-1, respectively. We
investigated the electrothermal properties of carbon nanotube fiber, and found that it can achievea stable temperature in 0.13 s to 260 ℃ under the condition of low voltage of 4V, and achieve an
ultrahigh electrothermal response speed of 2000 ℃∙s-1, which is far beyond the response speedof all electric heating materials on the market today.

References[1] Y. Y. Wen, M. Q. Jian, J. K. Huang, J. J. Luo, L. Qian and J. Zhang*, Nano Letters, 2022, 22, 6035-6047.
[2] N. Behabtu, C. C. Young, D. E. Tsentalovich, O. Kleinerman, X. Wang, A. W. K. Ma, E. A. Bengio, R. F. ter.
Waarbeek, J. J. de. Jong, R. E. Hoogerwerf, S. B. Fairchild, J. B. Ferguson, B. Maruyama, J. Kono, Y. Talmon, Y.
Cohen, M. J. Otto, M. Pasquali, Science, 2013, 339, 182-186.
[3] S. G. Kim, G. M. Choi, H. D. Jeong, D. Lee, S. Kim, K. Ryu, S. Lee, J. Kim, J. Y. Hwang, N. D. Kim, D. Y.
Kim, H. S. Lee, B. C. Ku, Carbon, 2022, 196, 59-69.
[4] D. Lee, S. G. Kim, S. Hong, C. Madrona, Y. Oh, M. Park, N. Komatsu, L. W. Taylor, B. Chung, J. Kim, J. Y.
Hwang, J. Yu, D. S. Lee, H. S. Jeong, N. H. You, N. D. Kim, D. Y. Kim, H. S. Lee, K. H. Lee, J. Kono, G.
Wehmeyer, M. Pasquali, J. J. Vilatela, S. Ryu, B. C. Ku , Science Advances, 2022, 8, eabn0939.
[5] Z. Xia, S. Li, G. Q. Wu, Y. Y. Shao, D. Z. Yang, J. R. Luo, Z. Y. Jiao, J. Y. Sun, Y. L. Shao*, Advanced
Materials, 2022, 34, 2203905.

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P194
A HIGH-RATE SUPERCAPACITOR WITH A 90% CAPACITANCERETENTION AT -100 °C ENABLED BY A HYBRID-ALIGNEDSTRUCTURAL DESIGN
X. Ming 1, C. Chen 1*
1

Huazhong University of Science and Technology - Wuhan (China)*email: d202180424@hust.edu.cn

In the development of low-temperature storage devices, ultralow-temperature tolerance, rate
performance, and the trade-off between performance and working temperature represent criticalobstacles, which stem from the problem of inhibited ion mobility.[1-3] Here, we report a uniquehybrid aligned CNT structure where adjacent aligned bundles with large space connected withtraversing CNTs were synthesized in a single assembly. This architecture affords the formation ofhighly orientated ion-transport channels due to its large and low tortuous ion-transport channels.
Neutron scattering in conjunction with other techniques revealed that the presence of orientatedmacropore channels created by the specially designed hybrid aligned CNT architecture was the
key for the enhanced electrolyte permeability, even allowing electrolyte to be infiltrated into thedeepest inner volume of the electrode, thereby mitigating the degradation of ion kinetics at low
temperatures. At -100 °C, a capacitance retention of 90% was achieved at a scan rate of 20 mV s1, breaking the commonly observed trade-off between the electrochemical performance andworking temperature. Finally, a highest-reported power density of 40 kW kg-1 and an energy
density of 75.3 Wh kg-1 were presented at -100 °C, far surpassing the previously reported lowtemperature supercapacitors.

Figure 1. Structure design of a) hybrid aligned CNTs, b) Device assembly, c) Schematic of experimental setup for
SANS measurements of electrolyte-infiltrated CNT electrodes, d) 2D SANS images for the hybrid aligned CNTs
after electrolyte infiltration at -80 °C.

References[1] X. Gao, X. Du, T. S. Mathis, M. Zhang, X. Wang, J. Shui, Y. Gogotsi, M. Xu, Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 6160.
[2] Y. Wang, X. Gao, L. Li, M. Wang, J. Shui, M. Xu, Nano Energy 2020, 67, 104248.
[3] S. Wu, H. Li, D. N. Futaba, G. Chen, C. Chen, K. Zhou, Q. Zhang, M. Li, Z. Ye, M. Xu, Adv. Mater. 2022, 34,
2201046.

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359

INDEX OFAUTHORSd,ZDKW>^d/E>^dKDZKDWKhE/E'

ZΘdEdZ&KZd,s>KWDEdK&/EEKsd/sWZKhd^KEd/EhKh^tdͲ^W/EE/E'>/E

WZKhdͬWZK^^/EEKsd/KE<EKtͲ,Kt͗
➢ WK>zDZ&KZDh>d/KEEWZK^^/E'➢ ZKEDdZ/>^&KZDh>d/KEEWZK^^/E'➢ KDWK^/dDd/Z>DEh&dhZ/E'WZK^^➢ WK>zDZ/d/sDEh&dhZ/E'EZKKd/^➢ KDWK^/dZz>/E'EZz>&/ZZh^➢ EKEͲ^dZhd/sd^d/E'E^,D

ǁǁǁ͘ƉůĂƚĞĨŽƌŵĞͲĐĂŶŽĞ͘ĐŽŵ

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ZKKdͲ^^/^d&/>DEdt/E/E'͕/E&h^/KE͕ZdD

ZKKd//d/sDEh&dhZ/E'ϭd,ZDKW>^d/dW^KEd/EKh^ZKE/d/KE>/E

INDEX OF AUTHORSAAbot J. P149
Abudulimu A. CS07
Adeli M. I02
Ahmadzadeh H. P003
Akada K. P083, P177
Akada K.S. P060
Al Mayyahi A. P183
Alekseeva A. P142
Alencar R.S. IS04
Alexander R. CS56, P030
Alibert E. P015
Allard C. P056, CS45
Allen R. CS28
Alsubhani M. P149
Aluru N. C04
Alvarez L. IS04
Amama P. CS16
Amama P.A.M.A.M. P183
Amara H. IS34
Amin M. CS25
Anderson E. CS26
Andrea F. CS08
Anglaret E. CS22, P090
Anisimov A. P078
Ao G. I11
Aoshima Y. P110, P085, P093, P006
Ardemis A. B. P184
Arévalo L. P097
Armstrong Z. CS28
Arnold M. CS28
Arpicco S. CS02
Asa D. P107
Avramenko M. P132
Aw Zhe Hao D. P180
Ayala P. P169
Ayari A. P057
Aygar A.M. P172, IS06, P008

B
Badon A. CS45
Bai X. CS47
Bai T. P180
Bai Z. P014, P117
Banet P. P174
Banga-Kpako C. P012
Bannet P. P153
Bantignies J.L. C10, P122, P123, IS04
Bao S.T. C07
Barjon J. P091
Barone P. CS31, CS08
Barraud C. IS37
Basset C. P015
Baux D. C10, P122, P123

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

Bayle M. C01
Becker F. CS43
Behjati S. CS04
Beljonne D. IS30, IS13
Benhaddou H. P005
Berrezueta-Palacios C. P084
Beyene A. IS01
Bezard E. CS03, P154
Bichara C. C14, P002, CS48, IS35
Biedermann F. CS37
Bincoletto V. CS02
Blach D. C07
Blacha A. P072
Blacha A.W. P162
Blackburn J. C07
Blackburn J.L. C11, P082
Blanc C. CS22
Blankschtein D. C04
Blien S. P103
Bobrinetskiy I. P087, P139
Bocquet L. I08
Bogdanova A.R. P048
Bogdanova A. P159
Boghossian A.A. P003
Boghossian A. CS04
Boies A. P065, P024, IS12
Boissenin A. P039
Boncel S. P096, P072, P162
Bondarev I.V. P182
Bondarev I. CS27
Borel A. C13, IS17
Botka B. P080, C02
Botton G. IS06
Bouilly D. IS15
Boulanger P. P098, C16
Boulbet L. P066
Boulet I. CS15
Bowen Z. P187
Brown J. P181, P135
Bulavskiy M.O. P188
Bullard T. P054
Bulmer J. P054, CS59
Bulumulla C. IS01
Butt H.A. P100
Button G. P008

C
Cadena A. C02
Cai X. P075
Calandra Buonaura M. P081
Calaresu I. CS03
Calmon A. P153
Cambre S. IS32, CS34
Cambré S. P058, C11, P080, P132
Campidelli S. C10, P012, P122, P123, IS04,
IS30, IS13

362

INDEX OF AUTHORS
Campo J. P058, IS32
Cao K. C12, P125
Cao Y. P192, CS50, P086
Carré E. P091, P021
Cefas Torres Dias A. C01
Chae H.G. P128
Champonnois D. P039
Chao T.A. CS51
Chao W. P191
Charon E. P050, P039, P099
Chassagneux Y. C13, IS30, IS17
Chatard S. P050
Chatelet C. P174
Chavignon L. CS22
Chen G. P014
Chen S. P105, P032, P106, P148
Chen L. P160, P037
Chen B. P067
Chen C. P194, CS42
Chen Y. C12, CS52, P004, P125
Chen X. CS09
Chenchen L. P192
Chiashi S. P095, P145, CS34, P064
Chikaarashi I. P059
Chiu H.Y. CS51
Choi Y. CS58
Choi J. P088
Choi Y.C. P112
Christensen E. CS25
Chuanhong J. P192
Cognet L. CS03, CS21, P154, P156, CS45,
P047
Cojocaru C. CS17
Coletti S. P098
Combrisson A. P099
Cong L. P117
Costa V. P186
Costa Girão E. OS11
Cuevas Martínez S.J. P056
Cui W. C12, P081, P035
Cui C. P007, P061
Cullari L. IS22
Cyganiuk A. P162

D
D M. P030
Dai L. IS08
Dai W. P120
Darchy L. P005
Dasgupta K. CS56, P030
Dash A. P022
Dekel N. P084
Della Rocca M.L. IS37
Delmotte L. C05
Denier Van Der Gon D. P169
Dentzer J. C05

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

Denys E. C05
Descarpentries J. P098, P153, P174, P173
Desgarceaux R. P015, CS13
Dhavamani A. CS28
Di J.T. P152
Di J. OS09
Di Costanzo R. CS04
Ding M. P045
Ding E.X. CS33
Ding F. P028, IS35
Ding J. C06, IS25
Dirnaichner A. CS53
Dlubak B. P091, P021
Dodony E. C02
Dollé M. P160
Dongmei H. P191
Doorn S. C13
Doumani J. P166
Drummond C. P066
Drummy L. P054
Duong H.M. P143, P180, P190
Duque J.G. C11, P080
Durán-Chaves M. P054
Durnan O. P172
Duvail J.L. C01
Dzienia A. P178

E
Eckstein K. P052, P168, CS07, P031
El Yumin A.A. P150
Elakshar A. P142
Elfert M. P031
Eller B. P042
Elliott J.A. CS49, P023
Elliott J. IS19
Emelianov A. P087
Endo T. P026
Erkens M. P080, P132
Ernst M. P101
Esko I.K. P044
Esko K. P187
Estaún Panzano J. P154
Estaun-Panzano J. CS03
Etienne G. P056
Everhart B. P183, CS16
Ewels C. C01

F
Fagan J.A. P132
Fagan J. CS37
Fan S. P117, P119, CS54
Fan F.R. CS26
Fang J. P147
Faucher S. C04

363

INDEX OF AUTHORS
Fazzi D. P082
Fedorov F.S. P188
Feng Y. CS14, CS34, P155
Feng D. CS30
Ferguson A. C07
Ferguson A.J. P082
Fernández R. P116
Ferretti A. CS31
Fiebor A. I02
Finnie P. IS25
Fitó-Parera A. P058
Flahaut E. P132, CS45
Flavel B. IS32, CS37
Flavel B.S. P058, CS01, P132, P084
Florea I. CS17
Fogarassy Z. C02
Fomin M. P009
Forel S. P058, P132, IS32, P118
Forestier Colleoni F. P005
Forestier-Colleoni U. P173
Förster G.D. C14, CS48
Fossard F. CS45
França M.M. P013
Franklin A. OS04
Freytag C. P081, P035
Fujimori T. P083, P177
Fujimori T.H. P060
Fujita J. P104, P177
Fujita J.I. P083, P060
Füllbrunn N. P009
Furusawa S. CS18, P158

G
Gaev A. P159
Galafassi R. P114
Galonska P. CS23
Gao Y. P018, P055, P053, CS46
Gao X.Y. P146
Gao J. P105, CS06, P106
Gao X. P014, P117
Garcia Guerra I. P149
García-Pérez J. P094
Garrity O. P084
Gaufrès E. P091, P021, CS45
Ghim S. P088
Gihm S.H. P131
Giordani S. I07, CS02
Girard A. P038
Goh X.Y. P143, P180, P190
Goh C.J. P180
Goislard T. P098, C16
Golberg D. CS44
Goldt A. P142
Gómez-Gualdrón D. CS16
Gómez-Palos I. IS40
González C. P129

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

Goovaerts E. C11
Gordeev G. P084
Gramm F. P019
Gree S. C05
Green M. P097
Greer H.F. P162
Grenzer P. P062
Gresil Q. CS21, P154, P047
Groc L. CS03
Grüneis A. P172
Gržibovskis R. P133
Gu X. P014
Guandalini A. CS31, CS08
Guevara-Vela J.M. P094
Guo C. C06
Guo K. P190
Guo W. P117

H
Ha S. P088
Habrant-Claude T. IS17
Haddad E. P160
Haeberlé L. CS28
Hamanaka M. P171
Hamasaki H. P041
Han L. P132, IS32
Hanxuan W. P184
Haozhe L. P192
Hartmann M. P101
Hashimoto R. P157
Hassan Moussa F.H. P034
Hata K. IS36
Haugan T. P054
Hayashi Y. P157, P189, CS40
Hedman D. IS35
Hejazi H. P036
Heller D. C03
Hellmann J. P082
Henn F. P015, CS13
Henrard L. P079
Heo S.J. P128
Hermann S. P101
Hermet P. C10, P122, P123, IS04
Hermosilla-Palacios A. C07
Hertel T. P052, P062, P168, CS07, P031
Hikata T. P083, P177
Hirahara K. P041
Hirokawa S. P085
Hisama K. P185, P107
Ho C.H. P121
Hof F. C01
Högele A. IS03
Homma Y. P051
Hong W. P029
Hong S. P094
Hosokawa Y. P020

364

INDEX OF AUTHORS
Hossain A. P118
Hu Q. P155
Hu Y. P016, IS10
Hu X. P117
Huang L. C07, CS04
Huang Y. P127
Huang J. P193
Huc V. P038
Humbert B. C01
Hüttel A.K. P115, P103, CS53
Hüttner N. P103
Huynh Thanh T. IS30
Hwang J.H. P046, P112

I
I. Kauppinen E. P074
Iakovlev V. P159
Ihara A. P161
Iizumi Y. P144
Ikehata S. P110
Ikuhara Y. P120
Ilatovskii D. P142
Imielski M. P072
Impellizzeri A. C01
Inaba T. P144
Inoue H. P083, P177, CS33
Inoue H.T. P060
Inoue T. P045, P025
Irita M. P051
Ishizeki K. P089
Ito Y.K. P060
Iwahara M. CS40
Izard N. C10, P122, P123, CS45, IS04

J
Jabbarov R. P015, CS13
Jadoul Forticaux M. P050
Jagota A. C03
Janas D. P176, P178
Jang S.Y. P112
Jaric S. P139
Jędrysiak R. P096
Jędrysiak R.G. P072
Jelinek R. CS13
Jélinek R. P015
Jeon I. IS38
Jeong S. P083, P177, P060
Jeong K. P131, P088
Ji W. IS33
Jia W. P095, CS14
Jian M.Q. P073
Jiang Y. P105, CS06, P106
Jiang K. P014, P117, P102
Jianwen Z. CS12

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

Jin W. P016
Jin C.H. CS50
Jin Z. P077
Jorde L. P009
Joselevich E. P084
Josien L. C05
Jourdain V. P015, C14, CS48, CS13, P090
Journet C. P118
Jousselme B. IS04
Ju Y.C. P146
Just D. P178

K
K. Goharshadi E. P003
Kailu X. P191
Kakogi Y. P051
Kallio T. P142, P159, P048
Kamarás K. C02, K4
Kametaka J. CS40
Kan U. P167
Kaneda R. P145
Kaneko K. P109, CS10
Kang R. CS37
Karakashov B. P173
Karakassides A. CS33
Karasawa S. P000
Kataura H. P018, P141
Katayama R. P045
Kato Y.K. IS18
Kato T. P161
Kaupinnen E.I. CS47
Kauppinen E. CS34, IS38, P038
Kauppinen E.I. CS33, P120
Kaushal A. CS56, P030
Kawano Y. P110, P085, P006, P171
Kazu S. CS08
Kazuhiro Y. P167
Keigo O. P187
Kellner N. P103
Kemerink M. P022
Kéna-Cohen S. CS28
Khabushev E.M. P048, P010
Khabushev E. P142, P159, P078
Kharlamova M. P069
Khlobystov A.N. C02
Kim H. CS58
Kim W.S. P112
Kim D.Y. P112
Kim J. P128
Kim K. IS38
Kim S.G. CS58, P128
Kim Y.B. P131
Kim S.O. IS07
Kinoshita Y. P085
Kitaura R. IS27
Kittipaisalsilpa K. P095

365

INDEX OF AUTHORS
Kladitis P. P098
Kloza P.A. CS49, P023
Kment S. P036
Kobashi K. P068, CS36
Kobayashi J. P124
Kobayashi Y. P045, P025
Kockaert P. P079
Koerner H. P054
Kohata I. P185, P107
Kolanowska A. P072
Koman V.B. C04
Komatsu N. P166
Kono J. P166
Korczeniewski E. P162
Kozaki K. P145
Kramberger C. CS31, CS08, P069
Krasley A. IS01
Krasnikov D.V. P100, P010
Krasnikov D. P142, P159
Krauss T. CS25
Kronseder M. P115
Kruss S. P134, CS23, OS01, P063
Krylov E. P031
Ku B.C. CS58, P128
Kubota M. P141
Kuehne M. C04
Kumamoto A. P120
Kunkel P. CS07
Kyaw A.K.K. CS40

L
Lackinger H. P168
Lafarge P. IS37
Lai llw17 P138
Lambert B. P156
Landry M. I10
Lang J. P059
Lantsberg A. P159
Lapointe F. C06
Larsson J.A. IS35
Latil S. IS34
Lauret J.S. P012, IS30, IS13
Le Balle J. P021
Lecarlate-Fernandez B. P015
Lee J.U. C07
Lee Y.H. K2
Lee J.W. P131
Lee A. CS21
Lee D. CS58, P094
Lee S.W. P046, P112
Lee M. P095
Lee S. IS38
Lefebvre J. C06
Lefebvre V. P037
Legagneux P. CS17
Lei S. P081

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

Levshov D. P132, CS34
Levy-Falk H. IS30
Lhermenout R. P015
Lhermerout R. CS13
Li Y.H. CS38
Li J. CS09
Li X. P119, CS54
Li M. P109
Li Q.W. P011, P152, CS38
Li Z. C06, IS25
Li T. P180
Li L. P098
Li Z.K. P060
Li Q. P001, P117, P076, P086, OS09, P163
Li Y. P032, P076, C17, P042, P004, P071,
P077, P067, P148, P070
Li K. P110, P085, P093, P006, P171
Li H. P058, P171, C04, CS01, P084, CS37
Li Y.C. CS31
Lian-Mao P. P192
Ligati S. IS22
Lin H. CS40
Lin Y.C. CS08
Lin Y.X. CS50
Lindenthal S. P082
Lipp J. P054
Liu Y. P189
Liu P. P014, P117, P138, P044, P038
Liu M. CS34
Liu J.L. P136
Liu W. P043
Liu T.W. CS16
Liu C. CS19
Liu J. P147
Liu T. IS30, IS13
Liu Z. P067, OS05
Liu C.C. CS50
Lixing K. P049
Loh A. P103
Loiseau A. P091, P021, CS45, P038
Lombardo C. C02
Lonchambon P. P173
Long D. P054
Long G. P016
Lopez Carrillo M.A. P080
Lozovik Y. CS27
Luchkin S. P142
Luchnikov V. C05
Lüer L. CS07
Luis A. P116
Lusson A. P091

M
Ma Y. P014
Macmillan L. OS11
Madrona C. P137, P094

366

INDEX OF AUTHORS
Mae T. P109, CS10
Majerus B. P079
Majumdar A. C04
Maki H. P092, P166
Malenfant P. IS25
Malesys V. C05
Malinowski R. P029
Mallet F. IS37
Marceau J.B. P056, P021, CS45
Marichy C. P118Marie X. IS05
Martel E. P175
Martel R. P160, P037, P056, K3, CS45, P111
Martinez A. P186
Maruyama B. C15, P054, CS16
Maruyama S. C09, P185, P107, IS35, P095,
CS14, P145, CS34, P158, P064, P155, P120
Maruyama M. P018, P055, P053, IS21
Maruyama T. P000
Matano S. P092, P166
Mathis K. P039
Matsubara M. P164
Matsumoto K. CS05
Matsunaga M. P018, P126
Matsushita S. P095
Matsuzaki Y. P110, P085, P093, P006
Mauri F. CS31, CS08
Mayne-L'hermite M. P050, P039, P099, P173
Mclean B. IS35
Medina-Lopez D. P012, IS30, IS13
Ménard-Moyon C. IS16
Merlet F. P098
Mertens V. P173
Meunier V. OS11
Mevellec J.Y. C01
Meyer C. P009
Michel T. C14
Michishio K. CS36
Mijin K. C03
Mikhalchan A. P129, P097, P094, IS40
Milowska K.Z. P162
Ming Z. C03
Ming X. P194, CS42
Miot D. P039
Misawa M. P157
Misra R.P. C04
Mitra S. OS12
Miyata Y. P165, P157, P026, I01, CS18, P158
Moderie C. P111
Mohan H. CS02
Monniello L. C14
Monthioux M. C01
Mori K. P107, P155
Morimoto T. P144, P068, CS36
Morris M.C. CS22
Mouri S. P045
Mousavihashemi S. P142
Müller D. P052

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

Muroga S. CS36
Myers A. C07

NN’guyen T.M.G. P153
Nagahama S. P041
Nagano M. P161
Nakagawa K. P092
Nakahori S. CS40
Nakajima H. CS36
Nakamae K. P109
Nakamura S. P165
Nakanishi Y. CS18, P158
Nakano R. P189
Nakano T. P018
Naldoni A. P036
Namiki K. P059
Nanami Y. P051
Nandi S. CS03, P154
Naritsuka S. P000
Nasibulin A.G. P100, P188, P010
Nasibulin A. P142, P159, P078
Naumov A. CS20, P170
Negre L. P098
Neri W. CS35
Neuwald J. P115
Nguyen L.T. P143, P180, P190
Nicolle J. P040
Nieszporek K. P140
Nishida S. P064
Nishidome H. P165, P026
Nishigaki H. P045
Nishikawa T. CS40
Noda S. P109, CS10, P059
Noé L. C01
Noro R. P045
Noury A. P015, CS13
Novikov I.V. P100, P010
Novotny L. C02
Nuckolls C. C07

O
Obrezkov F.A. P048
Odorico M. C14
Oh Y. P130
Ohno Y. P018, P126, IS39
Okada S. P018, P055, P053
Okawa H. P110
Okazaki T. P144, P068, IS02, IS31, CS36
Oki H. P041
Okubo S. P083, P177
Okuno H. P118
Oliaei H. C04
Omoto M. P026

367

INDEX OF AUTHORS
Ong R.H. P143, P180, P190
Onoki T. P083, P177
Orth E.S. P186
Osawa T. P059
Osella S. IS30
Oshima N. CS36
Ota R. P110, P085
Otsuka K. P185, P107, P095, P145, CS34,
P064, P155, P120
Ouyang J. IS25
Oyibo G. C07
Özyigit F. P103

PP. Lambert B. CS03
Page A. P181, P135, CS47, OS07
Palma M. P029
Panciera F. CS17
Panczyk T. P140
Park C.R. P131
Park Y.S. P112
Park C. C15
Parth E. P081, P035
Pascal V. P057
Pashayev S. P015, CS13
Pasquali M. P054, P129
Passlack M. CS51
Payne M.C. P162
Pécz B. C02
Pekker Á. C02
Pelton A. P054
Pendashteh A. P097, IS40
Peng L.M. I05, P016, CS50
Pénicaud A. C01, P066
Penn A. C04
Perisanu S. P057
Petrychuk M. P009
Picaud F.P. P034
Picheau E. C01
Pichler T. CS31, CS08, P081, OS02, P035
Pidluzhna A. P133
Piehler J. P009
Pimenta M. I06
Pimonov V. C14, P160, P056, CS48, P090
Pinault M. P005, P039, P099, P174, P173
Pirker L. P115
Pirmoz A. P149
Pischedda V. P114
Pitner G. CS51
Podlesny B. P176
Podor R. C14
Poncharal P. P057
Popov V.N. P132
Poulin P. CS35
Puech P. C01
Pugh M.D. P182

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

Purcell S. P057, CS17Q
Qi Y. CS32
Qian L. P071, P043, P077, P027
Qian W. P007, P061
Qiang Z. CS47
Qiao R. P065, P024
Qiao M. IS12
Qiu L. P028
Qiu X. P065, IS12
Qiu S. P076, CS38

R
R. Valimukhametova A. P170
Radu I. CS51
Rahimi M. IS37
Ramos S. P129
Rana M. P097
Rao R. C15, CS16
Rapisarda F. C13, IS17
Recchia A. CS31, CS08
Recher G. CS45
Regev O. IS22
Reich S. I02, P084
Remškar M. P115
Ren Q.C. P136
Ren M. P152
Ren Q. P147
Ren H. P105, P106
Retz K. P098
Reynaud C. P099
Richard C. P005
Ridruejo Á. IS40
Rikuto A. P167
Rizer Z. P042
Roblin C. CS13
Rochefort A. P160
Roman L.S. P013
Romani D. P081
Rondin L. IS30, IS13
Rong K. P045
Rong X. P187
Rousseau E. C10, P122, P123
Roux S. P091
Ruan L. P047
Ruczka S. P096, P072
Rybkovskiy D. C01
Ryu S. CS58

368

INDEX OF AUTHORSSSaadaoui H. C01
Safron N. CS51
Saida T. P000
Sainio J. P142
Saito T. IS04, P035
Saito Y. C05
Sajjadi S.H. CS04, P003
Sakai D. P085, P093, P006
Sakai M. P177, P060
Sakakibara K. P145
Sakurai H. P018, CS10
San Miguel A. IS04
Sangar A. P098
San-Miguel A. P114
Santos T.R.C. P013
Santos Y. P186
Sasaoka K. P089, P164
Sato Y. IS04, CS18, P158, P120
Sato S. P145
Sato I. P110
Schaeufele R. IS40
Scheunemann D. P022
Schmid D.R. CS53
Schmuki P. P036
Schneider K.D. P115
Schock R.T.K. P115
Schöppler F. P062, CS07
Schué L. P160, P037
Schuster C. P081, P035
Sebastian F. P020
Sebastian F.L. CS43
Seikh F.I. P182
Semion C. P038
Semmar N. P040
Seneor P. P091, P021
Senga R. CS31
Seongpil A. IS38
Setaro A. I02
Settele S. P113, P150, CS01, P082
Sevil ‚õkrõkcõ E. P184
Shaffer M. IS41
Shahrezaei M. P036
Shank J. P054
Shao Y. P193
Sharma K. P000
Sheng J. P033
Shestakova V.S. P010
Shi L. C12, P125, P035
Shigeo M. P187
Shikichi D. P110, P085
Shimada Y. P064
Shimura Y. P092, P166
Shin H. IS25
Shmakov A. P142
Shohei C. P187

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

Shojiro A. P167
Shuhui W. P187
Simon L. C05
Simon A. CS03
Sims C. CS37
Sistemich L. CS23
Skrzypek M. P096
Sobnath K. IS37
Soltani R. P066
Son M. CS28
Sponza L. P091, IS34
Sprocq S. P160
Stadler F. P103
Stafford L. P111
Stegemann J. CS23
Steinbach F. P009
Stenger I. P091
Stiller P.L. CS53
Stolz A. P040
Strano M.S. C04
Strano M. OS10
Su S.K. CS51
Sublemontier O. P173
Sudakov I. C11
Suenaga K. I04, CS31, IS04, CS18, P158, P120
Sugihara T. P095
Sugime H. P059
Sui Q. P076
Sultana N. P055
Sumiyoshi A. P089
Sun L. P067
Sun Z. P044
Sun W. CS52
Sun S. P108
Suyama T. P110
Suzuki H. P157, P189, CS40
Szkopek T. P172, P175, IS06, P008

T
Taborowska P. P178
Tahir S. C14, CS13, P090
Takahara S. P006
Takahashi N. P171
Takamura M. P025
Takei K. IS11
Taleb A.A. P040
Tanaka T. P141, P158
Tanaka K. P026
Tang D. P102
Tang K. C12, P125
Taniguchi T. CS26
Tanioka D. P083, P177
Taniyasu Y. P025
Tarik A. P002
Tayyarian T. P149
Tejima S. P104

369

INDEX OF AUTHORSTerauchi K. P064
Terzyk A.P. P162
Thodkar K. P019
Tilve Martinez D. CS35
Togami Y. P171
Tong H. P032
Tong T. P043
Tonnelé C. IS30
Topkiran U.C. P170
Tortech L. P050
Trafford M. P054
Tran H.N. P015, C14
Tran-Van F. P005
Tschannen C.D. C02
Tsuruta K. P157
Tsuzuki M. P141
Tu Y.M. C04
Tumiel T. CS25

U
Uchida K. P026
Uchiyama H. P018, P126
Ueji K. P165, P026
Ungermann C. P009
Upama S. P097

V
Vadseth D. P181
Vadseth D.S. P135, CS47
Van Bezouw S. P058, IS32
Varsano D. CS31, CS08
Vautrin-Ul C. P040
Vazquez-Pußeau M. IS40, P116
Vembris A. P133
Vialla F. P114
Viel P. P050
Vilatela J. IS40
Vilatela J.J. P137, CS58, P129, P097, P094,
P116
Vincent P. CS17
Vinokurov Z. P142
Vitusevich S. P009
Voelckel M. P168, CS07
Voisin C. C13, IS30, IS17
Volpe G. P029

W
Waelder R. C15
Wang K. CS52
Wang B. CS50
Wang Z. P175

NT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

Wang Y. P014, P189, C03, IS10
Wang X. P117, CS30
Wang Y.H. P042
Wang H. CS04
Wang S. P075, IS09, CS34, P027
Watanabe K. CS26
Wei F. P105, I09, IS28, CS06, P108, P106
Wei T. C08, P151
Wei S. P061
Wei Y. P119, P102, CS54
Wenseleers W. P058, C11, P080, P132, IS32,
CS34
Wieland S. P150, P020, P127
Wieland L. P058, IS32
Williams S. P054
Wojciechowski Ł. P096
Wolski P. P140
Wong H.S.P. CS51, OS12
Wroblewska A. P084
Wu J. P108
Wu K. P163
Wu W. IS09
Wu S.J. P003

X
Xia F. IS10
Xiang L. IS10
Xiang R. P095, CS34, P158, P155, P120
Xianqian W. P191
Xie Y. P071, P077, P027
Xiyang Q. P187
Xu X. C04, CS26
Xu M. P017, CS11
Xu L. CS50
Xu R. P014
Xu B. P043
Xu Z. P074
Xuewen L. P184

Y
Yaari Z. C03
Yagi T. P165
Yakiyama Y. P018
Yamamori S. P041
Yamamoto K. CS05
Yamamoto T. P124, P089, P164
Yamanaka A. P104
Yamazaki S. P144, CS36
Yan L. P033
Yanaghi K. P035
Yanagi K. P165, P026, P020, P161, P169, CS43,
P081, CS18, P158
Yang L. P014
Yang F. IS14

370

INDEX OF AUTHORS
Yang Z. P001, P193
Yang J. C04
Yang Y.Y. CS50
Yanxia L. P192
Yao W. CS26
Yao Y. P045, P025
Yasui S. P093
Ymamamoto T. P051
Yohei Y. P167
Yoho J. P054
Yomogida Y. P165, P026, P020, P161, P169,
CS43, CS18, P158
Yong Z. P163
Yongjia Z. P187
Yoshikawa R. P185, P107, P155
You C. P009
Yu S. P166
Yu Y. P043, P027
Yuan Z. P014, P117
Yue H. P105, P106
Yukio K. P093
Yumin A.A.E. P127
Yunfei L. P049
Yutaka M. P187

Zhao X. P070
Zhao P. P147, P136
Zheng Y.J. P120
Zheng M. K1
Zheng Y. CS34, P158
Zhili H. OS08
Zhiyong Z. P192
Zhong J. CS55
Zhou S. P014, P014
Zhou K. P165
Zhou D. P014
Zhu L. CS24
Zhu Z. P105, CS06, P106
Zhu Y. CS57
Zhuhua Z. OS08ZhulÞcar F.Z. P042
Zimmermann M. P098
Zirui Z. P192
Zorn N.F. P113, P020, P082
Zou M. P043
Zschiesche H. IS06, P008
Zubkovs V. P003

Z
Zahiri Z. P080
Zamudio Medina E.A. C14, P090
Zanni M. CS28
Zarbin A.J.G. IS23
Zarbin A. P186
Zaremba O. P078
Zatko V. P091
Zaumseil J. P113, P150, P020, CS01, P127,
CS43, P082, OS06
Zboril R. P036
Zdenek Z. IS26
Zeevi G. OS12
Zhang Q. P074, P044, OS09, P120
Zhang H. C12, C12, P053, P125
Zhang Z. P032, P004, P059, P070
Zhang B. P175, CS34
Zhang Z.X. CS50
Zhang F. CS19
Zhang Y. P147, P001, P119, CS54, P086, P163
Zhang G. C04
Zhang Y.Y. P011
Zhang Z.Z. CS50
Zhang R. C18, CS39
Zhang X. P024
Zhang J. P175, P073, P071, P043, P027, IS24
Zhang K. P014
Zhao L.M. P011
Zhao Z. P071, P077
Zhao W. P117
Zhao M. CS52

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371

LIST OF ABSTRACTS
T

Tutorial

P

PosterK

KeynoteOS

Overview Symposium

I

Invited

IS

Invited Symposium

C

Contributed

CS

Contributed Symposium~ TUTORIALS ABSTRACTS
T1

Development of Optical Nanotube Sensors byEngineering Biological Wrappings

T2
T3

Ardemis Boghossian
Chris Ewels

Intercalation-based exfoliation of layered materials

Damien Voiry~ PLENARY ABSTRACTS
K1

DNA-guided Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes

Ming Zheng

K2

Recent progresses in van der Waals layered magnetic
semiconductors

Young Hee Lee

K3

Mid-IR Optical Effects in Graphene and Nanotubes
with Chemical Grafts and Doping

Richard Martel

K4

Small Organic Molecules in Nanotubes - Encapsulation,
Characterization and Reactions

Katalin Kamarás

K5

Matteo Pasquali

I01

1D Transition Metal Chalcogenides: Growth, Structures,
and Properties

Yasumitsu Miyata

I02

Tailoring the properties of single-walled carbon
nanotubes: the effect of functionalization

Antonio Setaro

I03

Su-Yuan Xie

I04

Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy of LowDimensional Hybrid Materials

Kazu Suenaga

I05

Yttrium-induced phase-transition technology forforming perfect ohmic contacts in two-dimensional
electronics

Lian-Mao Peng

I06

Electron-phonon interactions in twisted andanisotropic 2D materials studied by resonance andpolarized Raman spectroscopy

Marcos Pimenta

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LIST OF ABSTRACTS
I07

Carbon nano-onions for biomedical applications

Silvia Giordani

I08

Water flows in 1D and 2D nanochannels, from carbon
memories to quantum friction

Lydéric Bocquet

I09

Controllable Preparation of Ultralong Carbon
Nanotubes and the Development of Extreme
Properties

Fei Wei

I10

Imaging neuromodulators with carbon nanotubes

Markita Landry

I11

Carbon Nanotubes for Profiling Carbohydrate-Protein
Recognition

Geyou Ao

C01

Intense raman d band without disorder in flattenedcarbon nanotubes

Emmanuel Picheau

C02

Graphene nanoribbons in carbon and boron nitride
nanotubes from 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene

Ana Cadena

C03

Carbon Nanotube Quantum Well Defect Emission for
Machine Learning-Guided Diagnostics

Daniel Heller

C04

Evidence and Analysis of Discontinuous
Thermodynamic Properties of Fluids under Extreme
One Dimensional Confinement – Experimental
Platform

Matthias Kuehne

C05

Hexagonal arrays of carbon micropyramids formedby self-assembly of soot nanoparticles on the surfaceof resistively heated carbon filaments in low-oxygen
atmosphere

Valeriy Luchnikov

C06

Challenges and strategies in sensing chemicals withcarbon nanotube thin-film electronic devices

François Lapointe

C07

Solar Energy Harvesting in Semiconducting SWCNTbased Heterojunctions

Jeffrey Blackburn

C08

Spatially Resolved Molecular Engineering of Graphene

Tao Wei

C09

Super Mackay cluster Fe₄₂Co₁₃ for chirality selective
growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes

Shigeo Maruyama

C10

Optical properties of metallic carbon nanotubes:
beyond the standard semi-empirical model for
plasmonic predictions

Domitille Baux

C11

Chirality-dependence of triplet excitons in (6,5) and(7,5) SWCNTs revealed by optically-detected magnetic
resonance

Sofie Cambré

C12

The evolution of confined precursor molecules insidecarbon nanotubes

Lei Shi

C13

Coupled colored centers grafted on a single wall
carbon nanotube for quantum light generation.

Christophe Voisin

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LIST OF ABSTRACTS
C14

In situ studies of the kinetics of growth and etching ofindividual SWCNTs by optical microscopy

Vincent Jourdain

C15

Thermodynamic understanding of Carbon Nanotube
Catalyst Activity

Benji Maruyama

C16

Vertically Aligned carbon nanotubes: latest advances insynthesis and applications

Pascal Boulanger

C17

Coeffects of Catalysts and Carbon-Supply Conditions
on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Growth

Yan Li

C18

Controlled Synthesis and Properties of Ultralong
Carbon Nanotubes

Rufan Zhang~ SYMPOSIA ABSTRACTS
OS01

Near infrared imaging and detection of pathogens withmultiplexed nanosensors

Sebastian Kruss

OS02

Recent progress in understanding tailored carbon
nanotubes and confined carbyne hybrid systems

Thomas Pichler

OS03

Patrice Simon

OS04

Nanoelectronics from Nanomaterials: How We Enable
and Hinder a Promising Future

Aaron Franklin

OS05

CVD Graphene: Growth Frontiers & Mass Production

Zhongfan Liu

OS06

An Overview of Luminescence from and Charge
Transport in Dense Networks of Pristine andFunctionalized SWCNTs

Jana Zaumseil

OS07

What can we Learn about CVD and Nanomaterial
Growth using Computational Approaches?

Alister Page

OS08

Growth of 2D materials on curved surfaces

Zhang Zhuhua

OS09

Tailoring Carbon Nanotube Fibers for Wearable Smart
Devices

Qingwen Li

OS10

Evidence and Analysis of Discontinuous
Thermodynamic Properties under Extreme One
Dimensional Confinement – the Center for Enhanced
Nanofluidic Transport (CENT)

Michael Strano

OS11Classification of 2D carbon allotropes

Vincent Meunier

OS12

Carbon nanotube transistors progress towards
integrated circuits and high-performance CMOS logic

Gilad Zeevi

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LIST OF ABSTRACTS
IS01

Fluorescence Modulation of DNA Functionalized Single
Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Catechol-Bearing Molecules

Abraham Beyene

IS02

Oxygen-doped carbon nanotubes for near-infrared
imaging probes

Toshiya Okazaki

IS03

Excitons in moiré heterostructures

Alexander Högele

IS04

Tuning of opto-electronic properties into single-walledcarbon nanotubes by chromophore encapsulation

Laurent Alvarez

IS05

Control of the Exciton and Spin/Valley Properties in
Atomically Thin Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

Xavier Marie

IS06

Atomic scale chemical ordering in franckeite—a natural
van der Waals superlatticeThomas Szkopek

IS07

Chemically Modified Graphene for Artifical Muscle
Fibers & Single Atom Catalyst

Sang Ouk Kim

IS08

Carbon-based metal-free electrocatalysis for Clean
Energy and Environmental Remediation

Liming Dai

IS09

Carbon Nanotube Photodetectors for High-Speed
Optical Communications

Weifeng Wu

IS10

Carbon Nanotube Based Flexible Integrated Flash
Memory Array for Physiological Information Storage

Youfan Hu

IS11

Nanomaterial-based flexible sensor system

Kuniharu Takei

IS12

Carbon Nanotube Self-Assembly

Adam Boies

IS13

Synthesis and properties of “bottom-up” Graphene
Quantum Dots (GQDs)

Stephane Campidelli

IS14

Host-Guest Assembly of Single-Walled Carbon
Nanotubes with Well-Defined Metal Clusters

Feng Yang

IS15

Surface Functionalization of Graphene Field-EffectTransistors for Bioanalytical Applications

Delphine Bouilly

IS16

Therapeutic applications of graphene oxide conjugates

Cécilia Ménard-Moyon

IS17

Telecom single photon source from a Fibered cavity
coupled grafted carbon nanotube

Yannick Chassagneux

IS18

Excitons in carbon nanotubes meet layered materials:
Mixed-dimensional heterostructures for nanoscale
photonics

Yuichiro K. Kato

IS19

Theoretical challenges to scaling up properties incarbon nanotube fibres

James Elliott

IS21

Field-effect on two-dimentional materials and theircomplexes

Mina Maruyama

IS22

Dispersion of nanomaterials by trapping: application in
3d printing of polymer composites

Oren Regev

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LIST OF ABSTRACTS
IS23

Nanoarchitecting low-dimensional materials at liquid/
liquid interfaces: thin films for broader technologicalapplication

Aldo Zarbin

IS24

Controlled preparation and applications of carbonene
fibersJin Zhang

IS25

Single chirality swcnts enrichment governed by
conjugated polymer characteristics

Jianying Ouyang

IS26

Monoelemental 2D materials – chemistry andapplications

Sofer Zdenek

IS27

Heterostructures based on Two-Dimensional materials

Ryo Kitaura

IS28

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Film as an Efficient
Conductive Network for Si-Based Anodes

Fei Wei

IS29

Alessandro Siria

IS30

Optical properties of single graphene quantum dots

Jean-Sébastien Lauret

IS31

Evaluation of dispersion states of single-walled carbon
nanotubes and preparation of their liquid crystalline
dispersions

Toshiya Okazaki

IS32

Diameter-dependent stacking of squaraine dyemolecules inside single-wall carbon nanotubes

Salome Forel

IS33

Layer-by-layer growth of multi-layer graphene singlecrystals enabled by proximate catalytic activity

Wei Ji

IS34

Modelling the electronic structure of boron-nitride
bilayers as a function of stacking order and twist-angle

Hakim Amara

IS35

Atomic-level insights into carbon nanotube growthfrom machine learning-driven simulations

Daniel Hedman

IS36

Could Carbon Nanotube Non-Volatile Memory Replace
DRAM?

Kenji Hata

IS37

Thermoelectric Properties of Engineered 2D Flakes

Maria Luisa Della
Rocca

IS38

Energy-Harvestable Piezocomposite embedded with
One-Dimensional P(VDF-TrFE) Nanofibers and SingleWalled Carbon Nanotubes

Il Jeon

IS39

Carbon nanotube-based physical reservoir computing

Yutaka Ohno

IS40

NANOWIRE SYNTHESIS BY FLOATING CATALYST CVD
AND LARGE-SCALE ASSEMBLY AS NANOTEXTILES

Juan Vilatela

IS41

Reductive Nanocarbon Processing: Chemistry,
Assembly, and Application

Milo Shaffer

CS01

SENSING OF PYROPHOSPHATES WITH SP3FUNCTIONALIZED (6,5)-SWNTS

Simon Settele

CS02

Towards targeted, fluorescent nanocarrier systems
based on B/N co-doped carbon nano-onions

Hugh Mohan

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LIST OF ABSTRACTS
CS03

SP³ FUNCTIONALIZED ULTRASHORT CARBON
NANOTUBES FOR DEEP BRAIN TISSUE IMAGING

Somen Nandi

CS04

Engineering pH resilience in optical nanotube sensors
for biomedical applications

Sara Behjati

CS05

Integrated graphene fet array for high sensitive
detection of new corona virus with automated washingsystemKazuhiko Matsumoto

CS06

Giant circular dichroism effect of two-dimensional
Semiconducting carbon nanotube coil

Yaxin Jiang

CS07

Role of Localized Impurities on Non-Radiative Decay in
Doped Carbon Nanotubes

Klaus Eckstein

CS08

Exciton decay and anomalous inelastic crosssection infreestanding graphene

Christian Kramberger

CS09

Upcycling of plastic wastes into high value-added
product-carbon nanomaterials in energy storage

Xuecheng Chen

CS10

Stable, high energy-density sio-ncm full cell basedon three-dimensional current collector of carbon
nanotubes and partial prelithiation method

Tomotaro Mae

CS11Maximizing ion accessibility in MXene-knottedcarbon nanotube composite electrodes for high-rateelectrochemical energy storage

Ming Xu

CS12

Roll-to-roll printing stretchable optoelectronic synapse
transistor array and their applications

Zhao Jianwen

CS13

Distinguishing water confined inside a nanotube fromwater adsorbed outside with an individual swCNT-FET

Said Pashayev

CS14

Device Applications of One−Dimensional van der Waals
Heterostructure Nanotubes

Ya Feng

CS15

Electrical monitoring of organic crystal phase transition
using MoS2 field effect transistor

Ilan Boulet

CS16

Exploring the Best CVD Conditions for Growth of
Small-Diameter Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Using
an Autonomous Research System

Placidus Amama

CS17

Synthesis of straight single-wall nanotubes directedby electric fields in an Environmental Transmission
Electron Microscope

Stephen Purcell

CS18

One-dimensional van der Waals Heterostructure:
Single-Walled Nanotubes of Transition Metal
Dichalcogenides Isolated by Boron-Nitride Nanotubes

Yusuke Nakanishi

CS19

Efficient controlled growth of single-wall carbon
nanotubes and their derivatives

Feng Zhang

CS20

Graphene quantum dots for cancer therapy anddiagnostics

Anton Naumov

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LIST OF ABSTRACTS
CS21

Three-dimensional single-particle tracking of SWCNTs
at depth in complex (bio)environments

Quentin Gresil

CS22

THERAPEUTIC TARGETING OF CDK4 KINASE IN
PANCREATIC CANCER USING FUNCTIONNALIZEDSINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES

Luc Chavignon

CS23

NEAR INFRARED FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME IMAGING
OF BIOMOLECULES WITH CARBON NANOTUBES

Linda Sistemich

CS24

Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications – A
Case Study

Lin Zhu

CS25

Charge Induced Exciton Localization in
Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Erin Christensen

CS26

Tunable Magnetic Interaction in Homobilayer Moiré
TMDs

Eric Anderson

CS27

CHARGED INTERLAYER EXCITON CRYSTALLIZATIONPHENOMENA IN BILAYER TMD HETEROSTRUCTURES

Igor Bondarev

CS28

Can Exciton-Photon Polaritons Increase the Distanceand Efficiency of Energy Transfer in Thin Films ofCarbon Nanotubes in Photovoltaic Devices?

Michael Arnold

CS30

Theoretical studies on the chirality control towards
single-walled carbon nanotubes

Xiao Wang

CS31

Excitonic effects in energy loss spectra of freestanding
graphene

Alberto Guandalini

CS32

Preparation and application of graphene glass fiber

Yue Qi

CS33

Exploration of growth parameters for high yield FCCVD
synthesis of SWCNT TCFs utilising toluene as carbon
sourceAnastasios
Karakassides

CS34

Evaluating the efficiency of boron nitride coatingin single-walled carbon nanotube-based 1D
heterostructure films by optical spectroscopy

Shuhui Wang

CS35

Electrical properties of carbon nanotubes based
composite 3D printed by Digital Light Processing

David Tilve Martinez

CS36

Micro and Macroscopic Structure Evolution of FewWalled Carbon Nanotube Bundled Network by High
Temperature Anneal

Kazufumi Kobashi

CS37

Isolation of the (6,5) single-wall carbon nanotube
enantiomers by surfactant-assisted aqueous two-phaseextraction

Han Li

CS38

Toward High-purity Sorting of Single-chirality SWCNTs
with Stepwise Extraction Strategy

Song Qiu

CS39

The structural coloration of carbon nanotubes

Rufan Zhang

CS40n-type doped dry-spun few-walled carbon nanotube
yarns for thermoelectric energy harvesting

Yasuhiko Hayashi

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LIST OF ABSTRACTS
CS42

A High-rate Supercapacitor with a 90% Capacitance
Retention at -100 °C Enabled by a Hybrid-Aligned
Structural Design

Chen Chen

CS43

Quantification of sp³ Defects in Different (n,m)
Species of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Raman
Spectroscopy

Finn Luca Sebastian

CS44

PROPERTY ANALYSIS OF 1D AND 2D
NANOSTRUCTURES USING IN SITU TRANSMISSIONELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Dmitri Golberg

CS45

BNNTs filled with dyes emitters: In axis modulation of
the luminescence through mechanical stimuli

Jean-Baptiste
Marceau

CS46

Characterization and modulation of the interlayerinteractions in 2D materials and their heterostructures

Yang Gao

CS47

GAS PHASE CATALYST FREE SYNTHESIS OF LOWDIMENSIONAL MOS2: A MOLECULAR DYNAMICS
STUDY

Daniel Stormer
Vadseth

CS48

Exploring the Bistable Growth of Carbon Nanotubes:
Insights from a Simple Model and Kinetic Monte Carlo
Simulations

Georg Daniel Förster

CS49

In-Silico Tensile Testing of CNT Nanofilms: The Effect of
Alignment

Philipp Kloza

CS50

High-Performance Complementary Transistors Basedon Aligned Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Arrays

Chenchen Liu

CS51

Doping to overcome the n-type contact challenge
in highly-scaled high-performance carbon nanotube
transistors

Nathaniel Safron

CS52

DNA-Wrapped CNTs: From Precise Assembly to EnergyEfficient Electronic Switches

Mengyu Zhao

CS53

Magnetic Field Control of the Franck-Condon Couplingof Few-Electron Quantum States

Andreas K. Hüttel

CS54

Low-Dimensional Semimetal-Semiconductor Contacts

Yang Wei

CS55

A New Conductive Network in Concrete Designed byInterfacial Nanoengineering

Jing Zhong

CS56

Highly efficient selective synthesis of pure semiconducting single walled CNT having superior electricalconductivity by in-situ radial mixing in floating catalyst
chemical vapour deposition

Rajath Alexander

CS57

Preparation of Macromaterials from Nanocarbons byInterface Charge Injection

Yanwu Zhu

CS58

Ultrahigh-performance Carbon Nanotube-based
Graphitic Fibers

Donju Lee

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LIST OF ABSTRACTSCS59

WEAK LOCALIZATION VERSUS FLUCTUATION INDUCEDTUNNELING IN HIGH PERFORMANCE CARBON
NANOTUBE FIBERSJohn Bulmer~ POSTERS
P000

In situ XAFS analysis for chemical states of metal
catalysts during SWCNT growth by ACCVD

Takahiro Maruyama

P001

3D-printed carbon tile-modulated well-interconnected
porous pseudocapacitive electrode

Yongyi Zhang

P002

A DFT study of the Nanotube Catalyst Charge Transfer
during CVD growth

Ammouli Tarik

P003

A simple micropreparative gel electrophoresis
technique for purification of nanoscale bioconjugates

Ardemis A.
Boghossian

P004

ACCURATE HEIGHT MEASUREMENT OF CARBON
NANOTUBES USING SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY

Zeyao Zhang

P005

Adhesion of VACNT on Aluminum collector for
optimized energy storage systems

Hajar Benhaddou

P006

All-screen-printable CNT film-type photothermoelectric image sensor array sheets

Yuto Matsuzaki

P007

Application of ton-degree carbon nanotube-based
mesoporous adsorbents for trapping VOCs in oil
refinery factory

Weizhong Qian

P008

Atomic scale chemical ordering in franckeite—a natural
van der Waals superlattice

Ayse Melis Aygar

P009

Biosensing Membrane Proteins with Solution Gated
Graphene Field Effect Transistors

Mykola Fomin

P010

Boosting CO-based aerosol CVD synthesis of SWCNT
transparent conductive films

Ilya V. Novikov

P011

Boosting solar-powered interfacial water evaporationby architecting 3D polymeric topological network in
CNT cellular structure

Liming Zhao

P012

BOTTOM-UP SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF
GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS

Cynthia Banga-Kpako

P013

Carbon Nanomaterials for room temperature gas
sensing

Talitha Ramos
Canabarra Santos

P014

Carbon nanotube electron blackbody and its radiation
spectra

Guo Chen

P015

CARBON NANOTUBE MECHANICAL RESONATORWITH MASS SENSITIVITY OF 70 YOCTOGRAM AT ROOMTEMPERATURE

Clarisse Basset

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LIST OF ABSTRACTS
P016

Carbon nanotube-based flexible high-speed circuitswith sub-nanosecond stage delays

Guanhua Long

P017

Structural design of multifunctional nanocarbon
materials for extreme-environmental applications

Xu Ming

P018

Carrier doping effect of functionalized sumanenes oncarbon nanotube

Haruki Uchiyama

P019

Characterization of Two-terminal Suspended Chemical
Vapor-Deposited Graphene Field-Effect Devices for
Sensing Applications

Kishan Thodkar

P020

Circularly polarized near-infrared photo- andelectroluminescence from enantiopure single-chirality
single-wall carbon nanotubes

Yohei Yomogida

P021

Toward 1D/2D heterostructures for nano-optics

Juliette Le Balle

P022

COMPREHENSIVE MODEL FOR THE THERMOELECTRIC
PROPERTIES OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL CARBON
NANOTUBE NETWORKS

Aditya Dash

P023

Contact Angle Dependence of Conductance between
Carbon Nanotubes from Tight-Binding Simulations

Philipp Kloza

P024

CONTINUOUS GAS-PHASE SYNTHESIS OF SIZEPRECISE CATALYST NANOPARTICLES FOR SINGLEWALLED CARBON NANOTUBE GROWTH

Rulan Qiao

P025

Control of graphene island nucleation on graphene/
SiC template by sequential thermal processes in vacuo
without air exposure

Yao Yao

P026

Control of high-harmonic generation in transition
metal dichalcogenide by carrier injection

Mikito Omoto

P027

Controlled Growth of Horizontally Aligned Singlewalled Carbon Nanotube Arrays

Liu Qian

P028

Theory of sigma bond resonance in flat boron materials

Feng Ding

P029

Single-wall Carbon Nanotube Functionalisation and
Network Assembly

Weiying Hong

P030

Controlled synthesis of high packing density SWCNT
fiber using aerosol route for development of highly
efficient thermoelectric generator

Amit Kaushal

P031

Controlling exciton size in (6,5) carbon nanotubes byusing solvent mixtures

Maximilian Elfert

P032

CONTROLLING THE DIAMETER OF SINGLE-WALLEDCARBON NANOTUBES USING NiW AND NiMo
BIMETALLIC CATALYSTS

Zeyao Zhang

P033

Covalently Bonded Graphene-Carbon Nanotube
Hybrids

Li YanP034

Creation of stable biomimetic nanopores in view ofdesalination

Fatouma Hassan
MoussaNT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

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LIST OF ABSTRACTS
P035

Cryo Raman Study of Confined Carbyne

Christin Schuster

P036

Defect engineering for highly active TiO2 nanotubes
photocatalysts

Stepan Kment

P037

DEGRADATION BY-PRODUCTS OF FEW LAYERS BLACK
PHOSPHORUS IN AIR

Valérie Lefebvre

P038

Developing new carbon feedstocks for SWCNT growthin FC-CVD conditions

Clément Semion

P039

DEVELOPMENT AND STUDY OF LAMINATEDCOMPOSITE MATERIAL INTEGRATING CARBON
NANOTUBES FOR LAUNCHER CRYOGENIC TANKAPPLICATION

Adrien Boissenin

P040

Development of multi-media environmental sensors
coupling graphene and field effect transistor

Abed Albaset Taleb

P041

Measurements of the Seebeck coefficient and electricalresistance at single nanocontacts between carbon
nanotubes

Kaori Hirahara

P042

Dicing Nanotubes for FUNs

Yu Huang Wang

P043

Direct growth of globally aligned graphene
nanoribbons on reconstructed sapphire substrate using
PECVD

Mingzhi Zou

P044

Direct Synthesis of Semiconducting Single-Walled
Carbon Nanotubes toward High-PerformanceElectronics

Peng Liu

P045

DOPING EFFECT OF MOS2 USING PERIODICALLYPOLARIZATION-INVERSED SUBSTRATE

Kaipeng Rong

P046

Effect of Single walled carbon nanotubes as adhesive
1D conductive additive on SiOx/Graphite LIBs anode.

Jae Hun Hwang

P047

Effect of the orientation of a carbon nanotube on its
localization accuracy in single-molecule fluorescencemicroscopy

Limeng Ruan

P048

Efficient Solvent-Free Preparation of Binder-Free
Electrodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Enabled by Aerosol
Synthesized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Alisa Bogdanova

P049

Efficiently Synthesis of Highly Crystalline OneDimensional CrCl3 Atomic Chains with a Spin GlassState

Kang Lixing

P050

Electrical conductivity of nanocomposite thin films
containing graphene and PEDOT:PSS

Marie Jadoul
Forticaux

P051

Electrical Resistance and Membrane Structure of Bucky
Papers in Water Vapor

Yuta Kakogi

P052

Electron-Phonon Coupling in Doped Single-Wall
Carbon Nanotubes

Daniel Müller

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P053

Electronic structure of covalent networks of triangulargraphene flakes embedded in hBN

Hui Zhang

P054

Electronic transport and magnetic properties of fibers
from uniaxial fullerene supramolecules aligned withcarbon nanotubes

John Bulmer

P055

Electronic-structure tuning of multilayer graphene byperpendicular electric field and stacking arrangement

Nadia Sultana

P056

ENCAPSULATION OF THIOPHENE DERIVATES IN
BORON NITRIDE NANOTUBES (BNNT) AND THEIROPTICAL PROPERTIES

Sandra Jaqueline
Cuevas Martínez

P057

Energy distributions of electrons emitted from clean
graphene edges

Philippe Poncharal

P058

ENERGY TRANSFER FROM ENCAPSULATEDSQUARAINE DYE MOLECULES TO CHIRALITY-SORTEDSINGLE-WALL CARBON NANOTUBES

Aina Fitó-Parera

P059

Enhanced Carbon Nanotube Production by Floating
Catalyst CVD via Overheating of Catalyst Sources

Jianghua Lang

P060

Enhanced electrical conductivity of highly-enrichedgraphitic-nitrogen-doped single-wall carbon nanotube
fibersZhikai Li

P061

Enhancement of Li intercalation of LiFePO4
Nanoparticles with Graphene

Chaojie Cui

P062

Excitonic Transitions of Quasi-2D Perovskites at
Cryogenic Temperatures

Patrick Grenzer

P063

Exfoliation, photophysical properties andfunctionalization of near infrared fluorescent
CaCuSi4O10 nanosheets

Sebastian Kruss

P064

Fabrication of carbon nanotube thin films on bilayer
liquid interface with different dispersibility

Shohei Chiashi

P065

GAS-PHASE BUNDLING DYNAMICS OF HIGH-ASPECTRATIO CARBON NANOTUBES: ATOMISTIC, MESOSCALE,
AND ANALYTICAL MODELS

Xiaoyu Qiu

P066

GRAPHENE DISPERSION IN WATER: FORMULATION
AND STABILITY

Luna Boulbet

P067

Graphene Epitaxy: from Misorientation-Free toMisorientation-Engineered Graphene Films

Luzhao Sun

P068

Graphitic Structure Assessment of Carbon Nanotubes
by Infrared C=C Vibrational Modes

Kazufumi Kobashi

P069

Growth kinetics of single-walled carbon nanotubes
inside metallocene-filled single-walled carbon
nanotubes

Christian Kramberger

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LIST OF ABSTRACTS
P070

GROWTH OF HORIZONTALLY ALIGNEDSEMICONDUCTING SINGLE-WALLED CARBON
NANOTUBE ARRAYS USING CARBON MONOXIDE AS
CARBON FEEDSTOCK

Zeyao Zhang

P071

Growth of wafer-scale high-density HASAs witha Trident strategy and the high throughput
characterization

Ying Xie

P072

Healthy life with CNT materials - multi-level monitoringof physical activity and healthRafał G. Jędrysiak

P073

Hierarchical Structure Optimization Strategy for Carbon
Nanotube Fibers with Ultrahigh Dynamic Strength

Muqiang Jian

P074

High Conductance Carbon Nanotube Electrode
Fabrication via Patterning Filter

Zhenyu Xu

P075

High-performance and polarization shortwave infrared
photodetector based on carbon nanotube films

Xiang Cai

P076

High-purity Sorting of 1.2 nm-diameter Single-chirality
SWCNTs with pyridine-containing copolymers

Yahui Li

P077

High-throughput characterization of HASAs
synthesized by Trident strategy.

Yue Li

P078

Highly efficient doping of carbon nanotube films withchloroauric acid by dip-coating

Albert Nasibulin

P079

HOW TO MODEL OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF VERTICALAND HORIZONTAL HETEROSTRUCTURES ?

Luc Henrard

P080

Hyperspectral Microscopy Detection of theFluorescence Shift between Enantiomers of Empty andWater-Filled Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Wim Wenseleers

P081

Identification of phononic properties of confinedcarbyne by Raman spectroscopy and first principle
calculations

Emil Parth

P082

Impact of Molecular Doping on Solution-Synthesized
Graphene Nanoribbons

Sebastian Lindenthal

P083

Improving the Mechanical Strength of Carbon
Nanotube Fibers by Combined Treatment of Heatingand Electron Beam IrradiatedHirotaka Inoue

P084

COLLECTIVE RADIAL BREATHING VIBRATIONS INHOMOGENEOUS CARBON NANOTUBE BUNDLESCharlotte BerrezuetaPalacios

P085

In-line broadband pharma imaging with carbon
nanotube scanners

Yuya Kinoshita

P086

In-situ electrospun nanofiber separator enablingfolding-resistant coaxial fiber-supercapacitor module

Yufang Cao

P087

Individual carbon nanotube phototransistors andbionanohybrids via photochemical patterning on achip

Ivan Bobrinetskiy

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P088

Industrial Approaches for Increasing the Production
Capacity of Direct-spun Carbon Nanotube Fibers

Keunsoo Jeong

P089

Influence of phonon scattering on current fluctuationin CNTs

Aina Sumiyoshi

P090

INFLUENCE OF WATER CONCENTRATION ON
THE GROWTH KINETICS AND M/SC SELECTIVITY
OF INDIVIDUAL SWCNTs FROM IN SITU OPTICALMICROSCOPY

Eira Anais Zamudio
Medina

P091

Infrared luminescence of Black Phosphorus at low
temperature: Effects of exfoliation, confinement andenvironmental screening

Etienne Carré

P092

Infrared spectroscopy and mapping method using
multilayer-graphene microemitters

Yui Shimura

P093

Inkjet-based broadband camera sheets with carbon
nanotubes

Daiki Sakai

P094

INTERCALATION OF DWCNT FIBERS WITH LONGRANGE ORDERED BROMINE SPECIES

Cristina Madrona

P095

Investigation of field-effect transistors based on
individual and aligned carbon/boron nitride nanotubes

Keigo Otsuka

P096

IoNanoFluids – merging ionic liquid and carbon
nanomaterials toward superlubricity

Szymon Ruczka

P097

Joule Heating: A Universal Processing Route For
Nanostructured Composites

Juan José Vilatela

P098

Large scale synthesis of Vertically Aligned Carbon
Nanotubes on metal foils

Thomas Goislard

P099

Long and dense VACNT grown at low temperature by aone-step CCVD process

Emeline Charon

P100

SWCNT-based nanocomposites with ultra-low
percolation threshold for electronic applications

Ilya V. Novikov

P101

Metal Stacks as CNTFET Contacts

Martin Hartmann

P102

Micro-scale Metal Plating on Carbon Nanotubes

Yuanqi Wei

P103

Microwave Optomechanics of the Transversal Carbon
Nanotube Vibration

Andreas K. Hüttel

P104

MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF CARBON
NANOTUBE GROWTH UNDER TENSILE STRAIN

Ayaka Yamanaka

P105

Molecular Evolutionary Growth of Ultralong
Semiconducting Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Jun Gao

P106

Molecular Evolutionary Growth of Ultralong
Semiconducting Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Jun Gao

P107

Molecular Simulations of Icosahedral Alloy
Nanoparticles with Extraordinary Thermal Stability

Ryo Yoshikawa

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P108

Molecule super-transport through macroscopic lengthof individual carbon nanotube

Jingwei Wu

P109

Multi-functional carbon nanotube sponge-like paperthat holds lithium polysulfide and supporting salts for
simple fabrication of stable and high energy-density li-sbattery

Kaito Nakamae

P110

Multi-wavelength computed tomography with carbon
nanotubes broadband imagers

Daiki Shikichi

P111

N-Incorporation in Monolayer CVD Graphene by an
Atmospheric Pressure N₂ Dielectric Barrier Discharge

Charles Moderie

P112

Nanopore structure of highly enriched double-walledcarbon nanotubes based on Fe-Mo/MgO catalyst

Sang Won Lee

P113

Near-Intrinsic Photo- and Electroluminescence from
Networks of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on BCBPassivated Surfaces

Jana Zaumseil

P114

New spectroscopic signatures of pressure induced
reversible collapse in single-walled carbon nanotubes

Riccardo Galafassi

P115

Non-Destructive Low-Temperature Contacts to MoS₂
Nanoribbon and Nanotube Quantum Dots

Andreas K. Hüttel

P116

Obtaining mechanistic understanding of CNT synthesis
via FCCVD by independently decoupling floating
catalyst and precursor availability

Miguel VazquezPufleau

P117

On-chip torsion balances with femtonewton force
resolution at room temperature enabled by carbon
nanotube and graphene

Zi Yuan

P118

One-dimensional hBN/CNT Van der Waals
Heterostructures Fabricated by Atomic Layer
Deposition

Ali Hossain

P119

One-Dimensional Semimetal Contacts to TwoDimensional Semiconductors

Xuanzhang Li

P120

One-dimensional van der Waals (hetero)²structure

Yongjia Zheng

P121

Optical properties of many-body excitonic transitions
observed in antiferromagnetic few-layer NiPS3

Ching-Hwa Ho

P122

OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF METALLIC CARBON
NANOTUBES: BEYOND THE STANDARD SEMIEMPIRICAL MODEL FOR PLASMONIC PREDICTIONS

Domitille Baux

P123

Optical properties of sorted single wall carbon
nanotubes thin films

Nicolas Izard

P124

Optimizing the thermoelectric performance of carbon
nanotube films

Junei Kobayashi

P125

CONFINED SYNTHESIS OF ARMCHAIR GRAPHENE
NANORIBBONS FROM VARIOUS PRECURSOR
MOLECULES

Lei ShiNT'23 ABSTRACT BOOK | 4 - 9 JUNE 2023

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LIST OF ABSTRACTS
P126

Performance Enhancement of Carbon Nanotube-BasedTransparent and Soft Triboelectric Nanogenerator with
Fluoropolymer-PDMS Mixture Dielectric Layer

Masahiro Matsunaga

P127

Photoluminescence from Magnetic Ionic Liquid-Gated(6,5) Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks

Abdurrahman Ali El
Yumin

P128

Polyimide-carbon nanotube based carbon andgraphite fiber with high strength and modulus andconductivity

Bon-Cheol Ku

P129

Polymer-like toughness enabling recycling of CNT
fabrics for sustainable composites

Anastasiia Mikhalchan

P130

Preformed Nano-Porous Carbon Nanotube
Architecture for the mechanical reinforcement of thepolymer matrix nanocomposites

Youngseok Oh

P131

Preparation of Carbon Nanotube Cold CathodeMaterials with a well-oriented microstructure as a Field
Electron Emitting Device

Keunsoo Jeong

P132

Probing inner-to-outer wall energy transfer in highly
pure double-wall carbon nanotubes by detailed optical
spectroscopy

Sofie Cambré

P133

PROMISING HEAVY-METAL FREE EMISSIVE MATERIALS

Anna Pidluzhna

P134

Quantum defects in carbon nanotubes forfunctionalisation and sensing

Sebastian Kruss

P135

RADIAL EFFECTS IN DOUBLE-WALLED TRANSITIONMETAL DICHALCOGENIDE NANOTUBES

Daniel Stormer
VadsethP136

Raman fingerprints of twisted bilayer graphene withisotope labelling

Jinglan Liu

P137

RAMAN STRATEGY FOR DETERMINATION OF CHARGE
TRANSFER IN INTERCALATED CARBON NANOTUBES

Cristina Madrona

P138

Rapidly Modulated Wide-Spectrum Infrared Source
Made of Super Aligned Carbon Nanotube Film forGreenhouse Gas Monitoring

Peng Liu

P139

Real-time mycotoxin detection using graphene-based
aptasensors

Ivan Bobrinetskiy

P140

Release of selected anticancer drugs from the internal
space of carbon nanotubes functionalized by DNA
fragments analyzed by means of molecular dynamics

Tomasz Panczyk

P141

RESONANCE RAMAN SCATTERING of (7,7) ARMCHAIR
CARBON NANOTUBES

Hiromichi Kataura

P142

Robust method for V2O5 coating of carbon nanotubes
for next generation transparent electrodes and Li-ion
batteries

Albert Nasibulin

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P143

Scale-up Process, Morphology Control and MultiProperties of Aerogels from Recycle Fibers of Various
WastesHai M. Duong

P144

Scanning transmission electron microscopy tocharacterize the structure and chemical state of iodine
chains in CNT wires

Satoshi Yamazaki

P145

Sealing of single-walled carbon nanotubes
encapsulating water molecules

Ryotaro Kaneda

P146

SEM imaging of insulating specimen through atransparent conducting veil of carbon nanotube

Yu-Chen Ju

P147

Simultaneous measurement of the in-plane andinterlayer thermal conductivities of bilayer grapheneusing isotope-labelled Raman spectroscopy

Yang Zhang

P148

Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized by Laser
Ablation from Coal

Yan Li

P149

Piezoresistive and Thermoresistive Responses of Carbon
Nanotube Fibers: Towards Enabling Integrated Sensing

Jandro Abot

P150

Solid-State Defect Introduction into Networks of (6,5)
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Sonja Wieland

P151

Spatially Resolved Molecular Engineering of Graphene

Tao Wei

P152

Stepwise artificial yarn muscles with energy-free catchstates driven by ion insertion

Ming Ren

P153

Structural supercapacitors through Vertically Aligned
Carbon Nanotubes functionalized carbon fiber
reinforced composites

Jérémie
Descarpentries

P154

Study of the brain extracellular space by single carbon
nanotube tracking and super-resolution imaging
analysis in health and disease

Juan Estaún Panzano

P155

Super Mackay alloy cluster Fe₄₂Co₁₃ for growth of singlewalled carbon nanotubes

Shigeo Maruyama

P156

Super-resolution imaging of defect site formation incarbon nanotubes

Benjamin Lambert

P157

Surface Diffusion-limited Growth of Monolayer
WS₂ Using Substrate-stacked Microreactor for
Optoelectronic Device Applications

Hiroo Suzuki

P158

Surfactant Dispersion of Boron-Nitride Nanotubes
for Building One-Dimensional van der Waals
Heterostructures

Shinpei Furusawa

P159

Machine Learning Methods for Aerosol Synthesis ofSingle-walled Carbon Nanotubes

Dmitry Krasnikov

P160

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAPHENE
EPISULFIDES

Simon Sprocq

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P161

Synthesis of Janus transition metal dichalcogenide
nanotubes

Akane Ihara

P162

THE ORIGIN OF AMPHIPATHIC NATURE OF SHORTAND THIN PRISTINE CARBON NANOTUBES

Slawomir Boncel

P163

The synergetic relationship between the length andorientation of carbon nanotubes in direct spinning of
high-strength carbon nanotube fibers

Zhenzhong Yong

P164

Theoretical prediction of thermoelectric performanceof impurity-doped carbon nanotubes

Manaho Matsubara

P165

Thermal and electrical conductivity through ultrathin films made from dry-transferred transition metal
dichalcogenide

Kan Ueji

P166

Thermal Radiation from an Electrically Modulated
Aligned Carbon Nanotube Film

Shinichiro Matano

P167

Thermoelectric properties of a aligned single-walledcarbon nanotubes thin film

Asatori Shojiro

P168

Time-resolved Spectroscopy of Doped Single-wall
Carbon Nanotubes

Heiko Lackinger

P169

Towards understanding the optical properties of zigzag chirality sorted single-walled carbon nanotubes

Paola Ayala

P170

Cell Uptake Studies of Graphene Quantum Dots

Ugur C. Topkiran

P171

Transparent terahertz–infrared sensors based on ultrathin metal-semiconductor carbon nanotube hybrid
films

Honghao Li

P172

Ultra-high charge carrier density in monolayer
graphene by integrated flip-chip alkali doping

Ayse Melis Aygar

P173

Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Grown on Fibrous
Carbons - Towards Novel Applications

Mathieu Pinault

P174

Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on aluminum foils:
one-step synthesis from bio-sourced precursors andelectrochemical characterization

Corentin Chatelet

P175

Violet Phosphorus Transmission andPhotoconductance Spectroscopy

Eli Martel

P176

Fishing carbon nanotubes with surfactant mixtures as
nano-bait

Dawid Janas

P177

Strain-Relaxation Process for Strength Reinforcementof Carbon Nanotube Fibers

Toshihiko Fujimori

P178

Targeted extraction of specific single-walled carbon
nanotubes with conjugated polymers in organic
solvents

Dawid Janas

P180

Advanced Fabrication and Multi-properties of Carbon
Nanotube- Graphene Oxide Hybrid Aerogels

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LIST OF ABSTRACTSP181

Are our DFT Models of One-Dimensional van der Waals
Heterostructures Reliable? A Janus Nanotube Case
Study

Alister Page

P182

BROADLY TUNABLE UNIDIRECTIONAL HYPERBOLIC
METASURFACES OF ULTRATHIN PERIODICALLYALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBES

Igor Bondarev

P183

Enhanced Photocatalytic Oxidation of NOx over TiO2Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Coatings

Placidus Amama

P184

Hydrogel matrices for near-infrared monitoring ofascorbic acid release

Wang Hanxuan

P185

Machine learning molecular dynamics simulation of
single-walled carbon nanotube growth

Ikuma Kohata

P186

Nanofunctionalization towards screening nanocatalysts
for agrochemical neutralization: effects of coverage,
support, group and neighboring

Elisa S. OrthP187

One-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures as theactive layer material of solar cells

Zhang Bowen

P188

The Effect of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Film
Electrochemical Treatment on the Properties andFilling Capability

Mikhail Bulavskiy

P189

Tracking electrical properties of intermediate state
between MoSe2 and Janus MoSeS during plasma
treatment

Hiroo Suzuki

P190

ADVANCED FABRICATION AND PROPERTIES OFPOLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHELATE (PET) AEROGELCOMPOSITES FROM PLASTIC WASTE

Hai M. Duong

P191

Extraordinary impact resistance of carbon nanotube
film with crosslinks under micro-ballistic impact

Hu Dongmei

P192

Improving the Performance of Aligned Carbon
Nanotube-Based Transistors by Refreshing theSubstrate Surface

Yu CaoP193

Multi-functional Carbon Nanotube Composite Fibers
with Ultrafast and Low-Voltage Electrothermal
Response for Wearable Fabrics

Yuanlong Shao

P194

A High-rate Supercapacitor with a 90% Capacitance
Retention at -100 °C Enabled by a Hybrid-Aligned
Structural Design

Chen Chen

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