JPA Publication ManualContents

Preface .....................................................................................................................................4
History of the Japanese Journal of Psychology and The Japanese Psychological Research ........6
Chapter 1: Writing Your Paper ..................................................................................................7
1.1 Texts and terminology .....................................................................................................7
1.2 Structure of the paper .....................................................................................................8
Chapter 2: From Paper Submission to Publication ...................................................................11
2.1 Submission requirements ..............................................................................................11
2.2 Prohibition of duplicate submission and plagiarism ......................................................112.2.1 Duplicate submission ..............................................................................................112.2.2 Plagiarism ...............................................................................................................11
2.3 Handling of research data .............................................................................................12
2.4 Submission method .......................................................................................................12
2.5 Format of the manuscript for submission ......................................................................12
2.6 Checklist for Contributors ............................................................................................12
2.7 Initial screening.............................................................................................................13
2.8 Desk rejection ...............................................................................................................13
2.9 Peer review....................................................................................................................132.9.1 Peer review procedures ...........................................................................................132.9.2 Peer review period ..................................................................................................142.9.3 Revision of the paper ..............................................................................................142.9.4 Review of revised papers .........................................................................................15
2.9.5 Decision on acceptance or rejection.........................................................................15
2.10 Accept .........................................................................................................................15
2.10.1 Notification ...........................................................................................................15
2.10.2 Final draft submission...........................................................................................15
2.10.3 Copyright of the paper ..........................................................................................15
2.10.4 Proofreading and publication ................................................................................16
2.10.5 Necessary expenses................................................................................................16
2.11 Reject ..........................................................................................................................16
2.12 Withdrawal .................................................................................................................16
2.13 Resubmission...............................................................................................................16
Flow from submission to publication ..................................................................................17
Example 2.1 ........................................................................................................................18

1

Example 2.2 ........................................................................................................................19
Chapter 3: How to Prepare a Manuscript for Submission to The Japanese Psychological Research...............................................................................................................................................20
4.1 About The Japanese Psychological Research ..................................................................20
4.2 Categories and format ...................................................................................................20
4.2.1 Categories and definitions of papers .......................................................................20
4.2.2 Manuscript format..................................................................................................21
4.3 Paper information .........................................................................................................214.3.1 Title ........................................................................................................................21
4.3.2 Author's name ........................................................................................................21
4.3.3 Institutional affiliations ...........................................................................................224.3.4 Footnotes on the Title Page .....................................................................................22
4.4 Main text .......................................................................................................................23
4.4.1 Headings .................................................................................................................23
4.4.2 Ordering other than paragraphs and headings .......................................................23
4.4.3 Footnotes in the main text .......................................................................................24
4.4.4 Punctuation rules ....................................................................................................24
4.4.5 Foreign languages ...................................................................................................25
4.4.6 Acronyms and abbreviations...................................................................................25
4.4.7 Special characters ...................................................................................................25
4.5 Numbers, formulas and statistical symbols ....................................................................26
4.5.1 Numbers .................................................................................................................26
4.5.2 Formulas ................................................................................................................26
4.5.3 Statistic symbols and others ....................................................................................26
4.6 Unit ...............................................................................................................................27
4.6.1 International System of Units..................................................................................27
4.6.2 Prefixes representing multiples and submultiples....................................................27
4.6.3 Unit names and symbols..........................................................................................28
4.6.4 Examples of incorrect use of SI unit symbols ..........................................................29
4.7 In-text citations and references......................................................................................29
4.7.1 Citation of references ..............................................................................................29
4.7.2 Quotations ..............................................................................................................30
4.7.3 Citations for figures and tables ...............................................................................31
4.7.4 References to the names of individuals and institutions ...........................................31
4.8 Tables............................................................................................................................31
4.8.1 Table manuscripts ..................................................................................................312

4.8.2 General instructions for creating tables ..................................................................31
4.8.3 Numbers and titles for tables ..................................................................................32
4.8.4 Table notes..............................................................................................................32
Example 4.1 Table example .............................................................................................33
4.9 Figures ..........................................................................................................................34
4.9.1 Preparing figures ....................................................................................................34
4.9.2 General instructions for creating figures .................................................................34
4.9.3 Numbering and titles of figures (caption) ................................................................35
Example 4.2 Figure example ...........................................................................................36
Example 4.3 Figure example ...........................................................................................37
4.10 List of references .........................................................................................................38
Example 4.4 References...................................................................................................38
4.10.1 General guidelines for references ..........................................................................39
4.10.2 Format for the list of references ............................................................................39
4.10.3 Information on Japanese references ......................................................................44
4.10.4 Order of references ...............................................................................................44
4.11 Abstract and keywords ................................................................................................45
4.11.1 Abstracts ...............................................................................................................45
4.11.2 Keywords ..............................................................................................................45
4.12 Supporting Information ..............................................................................................46
Appendix.................................................................................................................................47
Appendix 1. Unit Symbols...................................................................................................47
1 Base and supplementary units ......................................................................................47
2 Derived units ................................................................................................................48
3 SI units and Non-SI units mentioned in the SI related to psychology ............................49
4 Prefixes for units ..........................................................................................................54
5 Examples of inappropriate use of units and how to express them correctly ..................55
Appendix 2. Checklist for submission of papers to The Japanese Psychological Research....56
Appendix 3. Ethics Checklist (as of October 2020) ..............................................................59
Postscript ................................................................................................................................623

Preface
The Japanese Psychological Association publishes two journals, The Japanese
Journal of Psychology and The Japanese Psychological Research, and this handbook is
a guide for those who intend to submit papers to these journals. This handbook is therevised edition for 2021.
This guide provides the basic instructions, submission guidelines, and technicalinformation necessary to write a manuscript in accordance with the writing rules of bothjournals. An English version of the same content is also available for The Japanese
Psychological Research.
The format of this handbook is as follows.
In the Japanese version, Chapter 1 describes the instructions and points to note for
writing a paper. In Chapter 2, we explain the flow from submission to publication.
Chapter 3 explains in detail how to prepare a manuscript for submission to the Japanese
Journal of Psychology and Chapter 4 provides the same instructions for submission to
The Japanese Psychological Research. In the English version, Chapters 1 and 2 containthe same information as the Japanese version, and Chapter 3 explains in detail how to
prepare a manuscript for submission to The Japanese Psychological Research.
There are three main changes in this revised edition for 2021. First, we have madenecessary changes in accordance with the revision of the APA Manual (Publication
Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition, 2020:
https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition). In particular, thewriting style for papers has been revised in various ways. Second, we have dealt withissues related to research ethics and disclosure of conflicts of interest, both of which
require compliance with the regulations of the Japanese Psychological Association.
Please refer to the Code of Ethics of the Japanese Psychological Association (In Japanese;
https://psych.or.jp/publication/rinri_kitei) and related regulations, as well as the Rules on
DisclosureofConflictsofInterestandrelated

rules

(In

Japanese;https://psych.or.jp/publication/conflict-of-interest) as necessary when preparing andsubmitting papers.
Third, we have decided to provide the Guide for Writing and Submission in both
Japanese and English. This is because The Japanese Psychological Research currently
receives many submissions from authors living overseas, and in response to the increasein the number of international students, we find it necessary to provide the basic
guidelines to prepare manuscripts for The Japanese Psychological Research in English.
4We hope that you will make use of both versions.
In recent years, there has been a rapid move toward open science in various fields ofempirical science, with the aim of improving scientific research activities by making themmore transparent. This movement focuses on enhancing the openness of research results
to the public, including pre-registration, pre-print and data disclosure, and is deeply
related to the nature of journals where researchers publish their research results. As anorganization that provides a place for fair research activities, the Japanese Psychological
Association is currently considering how to respond to this trend while sincerely pursuing
the ideal format. Such changes will be announced on the Society's website and othermedia as needed.

5

History of the Japanese Journal of Psychology and
The Japanese Psychological Research
The Japanese Journal of Psychology is the Japanese Psychological Association’s
journal that publishes articles on psychology in Japanese. It was founded in April 1926
with the publication of Volume 1, Issue 1, pursuant to Article 4 of the former
regulations of the Japanese Psychological Association. Since then, it has been
published bimonthly, generally with six issues per year constituting one volume. Until
Volume 10, the journal was vertically typeset, with each volume containing about 900
pages, but starting with Volume 11 (1936), it has been horizontally typeset, with eachvolume containing about 700 pages as stipulated in the editing rules.
Starting in 1944, the journal was published on an irregular basis for a few years,
and from Volume 19 to Volume 25, each annual volume contained four issues insteadof six. Beginning with Volume 26 (1956), the standard of having six issues per annual
volume was restored. The publication dates of the irregular volumes and issues are as
follows: Volume 19, Issue 1 (July 1944), Volume 19, Issue 2 (March 1948), Volume
19, Issues 3 and 4 (June 1949), Volume 20, Issue 1 (September 1949), Volume 20,
Issue 2 (March 1950), Volume 20, Issue 3 (June 1950), and Volume 20, Issue 4(December 1950). Since Volume 21 (1951), one volume has been published per year.
Currently, one volume of The Japanese Journal of Psychology is published peryear (from April to March of the following year), divided into six issues, containing
the following types of articles: “Original Article,” “Methodological Advancement,”“Research Report,” and “Review Article.”
The Japanese Psychological Research is a journal in English edited and publishedby the Japanese Psychological Association. The first issue was published in March
1954 for the purpose of widely disseminating original papers in Japan and abroad. Fiveissues were published irregularly over the subsequent four years, but starting in 1958,
two issues were published annually, and the number rose to four issues per year in
1960, when the volume and issue system was adopted. Consequently, Issues 1 through9, which had been published at irregular intervals, were combined to form Volume 1,
and the issues published in 1960 became Volume 2. Since then, one volume with four
issues has been published every year. Volume 1 was published in A5 format, butsimilar to The Japanese Journal of Psychology, the B5 format was adopted startingwith Volume 2.
Currently, one volume of The Japanese Psychological Research is published per
calendar year, divided into four separate issues, and the articles are composed of“Original Articles,” “Brief Reports,” and “Reviews.”

6Chapter 1: Writing Your Paper
What is the best format for communicating one's ideas and findings to others? In thischapter, we will describe how to plan and write a scientific paper (thesis) for the first time,
as well as the guidelines and rules to be followed.

1.1 Texts and terminology
The paper should be written in a clear and concise style so that it can be easily
understood by a wide range of readers. As a general rule, in English, it is essential thatthe text be responsibly reviewed by a native English-speaking expert. For more
information on how to write an English paper, you are advised to refer to the following:
American Psychological Association (2019). Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association (7th ed.). American Psychological Association.
The use of uncommon terms should be avoided as far as possible in the paper.
Special attention should be paid to the following list of points for the writing style of thepaper.
(1) State your opinions in an orderly fashion
In order to facilitate understanding by readers, the relationship between terms andconcepts should be considered, and the argument should be developed in a consistentmanner. For this purpose, pay attention to punctuation and use connecting words(conjunctions and relative pronouns) that will not cause misunderstanding.
(2) Smooth expression
Your paper should be clear and logical. In your own writing, you may not noticeleaps in logic, inconsistencies in reasoning, errors in tense, inappropriate use of synonyms,
etc. Therefore, it is advisable to take time to reread your manuscript or have someone else
read it for you.
(3) Concise expression
Short sentences using well-defined terms and describing only what is necessary are
preferred. Avoid using special terms that are understood only by a few people. If the text
is long, be careful about the text structure. Duplicate expressions should be kept to aminimum, and the content should be coherent.

7(4) Do not use bullet point itemization or end Japanese sentences with a noun
Whenever possible, you should avoid adopting bullet point itemization or ending
Japanese sentences with a noun.
(5) Appropriate use of language
Do not use spoken language. Avoid ambiguous expressions and the use of pronouns
that makes it difficult to understand what they refer to. When using abbreviations, usecommon ones. If there is no common abbreviation, try to use an abbreviation that isreasonable.
(6) Avoidance of mixing Japanese and foreign languages
When writing a paper in Japanese, do not bother to describe in a foreign language
the terms and phrases that have well-established translation and can be expressed inappropriate Japanese. For example, in the same paper, do not write “Dim 1” in some partsand “Dimension 1” in other parts, or "Participants' level of self-esteem, " neverthelessthey refer to the same thing. Do not inconsistently mix Japanese and foreign languages inthe same paper.
(7) Proper grammar and language
Pay attention to the tenses and writing style. Clarify the relationship between
subjects and verbs, and use pronouns, relative pronouns, and subordinating conjunctions
correctly. Beware of the insertion of rhetorical phrases and avoid using language that
could be perceived as discriminatory or prejudicial. Distinguish the passive and active
voices appropriately.
(8) Ethical considerations
In preparing your paper, you must follow the Code of Ethics of the Japanese
Psychological Association (In Japanese; https://psych.or.jp/publication/rinri_kitei/) basedon the purpose of the Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct for Members of the Japanese
Psychological Association.

1.2 Structure of the paper
It is advisable that the main structure of the paper should include the following parts:
Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion and Conclusion.
(1) Introduction8

Clearly and concisely state what problems you are going to deal with in the paper.
However, the heading “Introduction” will not be printed. Include a discussion of previous
research and/or hypotheses.
(2) Method
A detailed description of the subject, materials, methods, and procedures of theresearch (experiment, observation, survey, case study, etc.) is required. However, if there
is a standard method or a previously published paper in which the same method was used,the description may be simplified by citing it. In addition, research ethics, such asconfidentiality and protection of the personal information of research participants, should
also be described.
(3) Results
Accurately describe the results of your research in a factual manner according to theimportance of the content. Do not omit facts that are contrary to your expectations.
In psychological research, statistical hypothesis testing is often used for analysis, but
hypothesis testing is limited to one aspect of data analysis. It is desirable to use
appropriate analytical methods, not limited to hypothesis testing, as necessary. In
particular, when applying hypothesis tests, it should be confirmed that the properties ofthe data to be treated (normality of the data distribution, independence of the samples,etc.) are valid.
In the description of the analysis results, also indicate the effect size and its
confidence interval so that the importance of the study results can be assessed. Effectsizes expressed in the original units of measurement and scales are easy to understand,but standardized indicators of effect sizes independent of scales (e.g., Cohen's d andstandardized regression coefficients) should be presented when necessary.
Missing data often has a considerable impact on the results of an analysis. When
analyzing data with missing data, the frequency and number of missing data should beindicated, and an empirical or theoretical explanation for the occurrence of missing data
should be provided. It is desirable to describe the nature of the missing data model
adopted in the analysis (MCAR, MAR, and NMAR classification) and the method
adopted to deal with the missing data (e.g., multiple imputation).
(4) Discussion and Conclusion
Compare the results obtained with the results of previous studies, discuss thetheoretical significance of the results, and describe the process of reaching the conclusion.
9

If the research is divided into several sections, you may write the method, results, anddiscussion separately for each section. In this case, however, General Discussion isrequired.
(5) Disclosure of conflicts of interest
The disclosure of conflicts of interest should be described at the end of the paper.
When submitting a manuscript, the author's private information, if included, should be
withheld. For details, please refer to the Rules on Conflicts of Interest(https://psych.or.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EN_JPA_Rules_onConflicts_of_Interest.pdf).
(6) Note
In addition to Title, References, Figures, Tables, Abstract and Keywords are
required.

10Chapter 2: From Paper Submission to Publication
The Japanese Psychological Association publishes The Japanese Journal of
Psychology and The Japanese Psychological Research. These journals are edited under
the responsibility of the Editorial Board of the Journal (hereinafter referred to as the“Editorial Board”). This chapter describes the process from submission to publication(see also “Flow from submission to publication” on the next page).

2.1 Submission requirements
The journals of the Japanese Psychological Association are dedicated, in principle,
to the publication of unpublished articles on psychology by its members. However, papers
submitted by non-members who are considered equivalent to members and who
contribute to the Society may be accepted for publication (for details, see 2.10.5
Necessary expenses).
Those who wish to have their papers published should prepare a paper (manuscript)
in the prescribed format, submit it via the electronic submission system, and have it
reviewed by the Editorial Board.

2.2 Prohibition of duplicate submission and plagiarism
2.2.1 Duplicate submission
All papers published in both journals should be unpublished, and the Society takes
the position that duplicate submission is not allowed (for details, please refer to theJapanese Psychological Association’s policy against “duplicate submissions” on theSociety's website: https://psych.or.jp/ publication/duplicatepublication/).
Duplicate submission refers to multiple submissions of academic works with thesame (or very similar) content by the same author and joint authors. Typical examples arewhen a paper with almost the same content is submitted to several publications
simultaneously or when a paper with almost the same content or what should be one paper
is divided into smaller parts and submitted successively (a so-called salami publication).
If such a duplicate submission is found, the paper will be rejected immediately. The
Editorial Board will decide whether it constitutes a duplicate submission or not.
2.2.2 Plagiarism
When citing or using research results, experiments, data, theories, hypotheses, ideas,
etc., this should be noted in the main text, and the source of the paper or document in
11which they appear should be clearly indicated. Citation or use without indicating thesource is regarded as constituting plagiarism.
Self-plagiarism, which is the reuse of part or all of the author's own previously
published text, data, etc., without indicating that it was previously published, andpresenting it as if it were new work, may also be considered an act of dishonesty.

2.3 Handling of research data
Data obtained in research must not be lost, leaked, or tampered with, and must be
handled with the utmost care to prevent such incidents.
In addition, be prepared to respond quickly to requests for disclosure of research datain the peer review process or other situations.
For details, please refer to the Code of Ethics of the Japanese Psychological
Association (In Japanese; https://psych.or.jp/publication/rinri_kitei).

2.4 Submission method
Submissions to both journals should be made through the electronic submission
system. Log in to the electronic submission system from the following URL.
https://jpa.bunken.org/jpa/user_logins/jp/(for The Japanese Journal of Psychology)
https://jpa.iap-jp.org/jpr/(for The Japanese Psychological Research)

Authors who are submitting a manuscript for the first time should complete theprocedure for creating a new account (user registration) before logging in. If you can input
data in Japanese, please do so on the Japanese version. If your screen shows that you are“already registered,” please contact the Editorial Department of the Secretariat.

2.5 Format of the manuscript for submission
Manuscript formats for The Japanese Journal of Psychology and The Japanese
Psychological Research can be downloaded from the following URLs:(1) Manuscript format for The Japanese Journal of Psychology(https://psych.or.jp/publication/temp_jjp/)(2) Manuscript format for The Japanese Psychological Research(https://psych.or.jp/publication/temp_jpr/)

2.6 Checklist for Contributors
12Please refer to the Checklist for Submission at the end of the Guide for Writing andSubmission and make sure that there are no errors before submitting your paper(Appendix 2, 3).

2.7 Initial screening
The Editorial Department of the Secretariat will first check whether or not thesubmitted paper conforms to the Guide for Writing and Submission, and will inform theauthor(s) of the passing of the initial screening if there are no deficiencies. Do not forget
to check the format before submission, as the manuscript will be sent back and the author
will be asked to revise it if the manuscript deviates from the format.

2.8 Desk rejection
Submitted papers are judged by Chief Editor or Associate Editor for appropriatenessfor publication before being sent to the Editorial Board members in charge. If the paper
is judged to be inappropriate, it will be rejected for publication (desk rejection) without
going through the normal review process. The same decision may also be made before
the Action Editor selects reviewers.
Examples of cases subject to desk rejection are listed below. However, in addition
to the reasons listed, a paper will be considered desk rejected if it is determined that it
does not need to proceed to peer review.
(1) The Japanese Journal of Psychology and The Japanese Psychological Research are
not the appropriate journals for the submission.
(2) The style of the paper deviates significantly from the provisions of the Guide for
Writing and Submission.
(3) The structure of the paper does not follow the general format of a scientific paper.
(4) In the case of resubmission of papers that were rejected or withdrawn in the past, theproblems pointed out at the time have not been resolved.

2.9 Peer review
2.9.1 Peer review procedures(1) Determination of the Editorial Board members in charge and selection of reviewers
The Action Editor of the submitted paper will be selected from the Editorial Board
members. The Editorial Board member in charge will select two or more reviewers. The
reviewers can be members or non-members.
(2) Peer review by reviewers
13Submitted papers will be reviewed by two (or three) reviewers who have not had theauthors’ information disclosed to them. The reviewers’ names will not automatically bedisclosed to the authors. However, for articles submitted to The Japanese PsychologicalResearch, the reviewers can choose whether or not to disclose their names and the
Editorial Board member’s name will be disclosed to the authors.
(3) Judgment by the Editorial Board member in charge
Based on the evaluation by the reviewers, a decision will be made by the Editorial
Board member in charge.
i)“Accept”ii) “Minor Revision” indicating revisions or additions are required.
iii) “Major Revision” indicating the manuscript needs to be revised.
iv) “Reject”v) A third reviewer may be invited if the evaluations of the two reviewers are split.
2.9.2 Peer review period
The time required from the receipt of the original or revised manuscript to thecompletion of peer review varies to some extent depending on the paper, but we ask eachreviewer and the Action Editor to complete a review within one month. However, it may
take longer because of the need to be cautious, such as when a third reviewer is added.
2.9.3 Revision of the paper
It is common for the author(s) will be asked to revise the manuscript with commentsfrom the Editorial Board member and reviewers by a certain deadline. The following
points should be noted (Example 2.1).
(1) Revise your manuscript with as much respect as possible for the reviewers' comments.
(2) The “Author's Response” should clearly state where and how the manuscript has beenrevised (or not) in response to all of the reviewers' comments. You may omit arevision control table, except when the reviewers ask you to do so.
(3) If the reviewer's comments are considered to be different from the author's position,
documents and arguments that are sufficiently persuasive to address the issues raised
should be added either in the text or in the “Author's Response.”(4) After preparing the revised manuscript and the “Author's Response,” upload (submit)
them to the electronic submission system as a revised version of the manuscript. Do
not forget to revise the information section of the manuscript (title, abstract, footnotes,etc.).
14

(5) If the format of the revised manuscript is inadequate, the Editorial Department of theSecretariat may ask for corrections on those points.
(6) If the revision is significantly delayed (more than six months), it may be treated aswithdrawn.
2.9.4 Review of revised papers
The revised manuscript, which has been modified and resubmitted by the author(s),will be checked by the Editorial Board member in charge and sent out for review. Somepapers may be reviewed several times and revisions may be requested.
2.9.5 Decision on acceptance or rejection
After the final evaluations from all reviewers are obtained, the Editorial Board
member in charge determines whether the manuscript will be accepted or rejected, andthe Editorial Board will deliberate and make the final decision.

2.10 Accept
2.10.1 Notification
The authors will be notified of the acceptance of the paper by the Editorial Board.
The date of acceptance by the Editorial Board is considered the date of acceptance of thepaper, and in principle the paper cannot be revised or complemented after that.
In principle, the publication of accepted papers is determined based on the date ofacceptance, date of submission and type of paper, but may be delayed slightly for editorial
reasons.
2.10.2 Final draft submission
Authors should submit the final manuscript electronically as soon as possible after
receiving the notice from the Editorial Department of the Secretariat. Pay attention to thefile format of figures and tables, and send the original file (with as high resolution as
possible: e.g., Microsoft Excel, TIFF, JPG, PNG, BMP) as well.
2.10.3 Copyright of the paper
The copyrights of papers published in the journal belong to the Japanese
Psychological Association, and it is prohibited to reproduce or reprint papers publishedin both journals without permission. Authors are required to submit a written consent for
this, but this does not apply to author's moral rights.

15

2.10.4 Proofreading and publication
It takes about two months from the time the final manuscript is submitted to the
publisher to the time the first proof is sent to the author. The authors can submit
corrections at that time, although they will not be allowed to make a correction once after
they submitted their proofs. The correction of the first proof should be limited totypographical errors and omissions, and the corrections and additions of the content canbe made only to the final manuscript. The author's proofs should be read and sent to the
publisher together with the final manuscript as soon as possible.
Re-proofing is done by the publisher, and the manuscript is then printed andpublished (Example 2.2). If it takes a long time to publish the manuscript, it will be madeavailable online (Early View).
2.10.5 Necessary expenses
No editorial fee or publication fee for non-members is required for papers submitted
to The Japanese Psychological Research.

2.11 Reject
Authors of papers rejected by the Editorial Board will be notified of the rejection
along with review comments.

2.12 Withdrawal
The author may withdraw a submitted manuscript at any stage. Please notify the
Editorial Department of the Secretariat.

2.13 Resubmission
If the paper is withdrawn or rejected and then submitted again, it will be considereda resubmission. The review process is the same as for a new submission. When the authors
resubmit their manuscript, they should enter the paper number assigned to the previous
manuscript in the “Contact the Editorial Board” field and upload the “Author’s Response”
in the “Supplementary Files” field

16

Flow from submission to publication

17

Example 2.1
Notes on revising a paper for The Japanese Psychological Research
Notes on paper revisions
Please revise your paper so that it will be clear when it is re-reviewed. Pleasesubmit your response to the peer review comments. You do not need to provide arevision control table (a table in which the parts before and after the revision are
corresponded), but if requested, please do so.
1. How to revise the manuscript
In order to improve the efficiency of peer review and prevent errors, please send
us a manuscript that is as clean as possible. The PDF file of the manuscript should
include the title, English abstract and keywords, text, references, “in-text” footnotes,
figures, tables, and appendices, but not the author information (author's name,affiliation, contact information, and “title page” footnotes (e.g., research grants,
acknowledgements)).
2. “Author’s Response” (comments on the revision)
In response to all of the reviewers' comments, please clearly state where and how
you have revised (or have not revised) the manuscript.
If you disagree with the reviewer's comments, please provide sufficiently
convincing arguments to address the issues raised.
3. Revision control table (if requested by reviewers)- As a general rule, all revisions should be written out, regardless of whether they
are minor or major.
- However, if you need to revise the same word or phrase that appears frequently
throughout the paper, you only need to point it out once.
- If the manuscript has been substantially rewritten, please summarize the revision
policy and the content of the author's opinion on the reviewers' comments.
- Please submit the revision control table in the reference section.
4. Other- Please be aware of changes in references and numbers of figures and tables
following the revisions in the text.
- Please modify the paper information page as well.
(Title, abstract and keywords in English, footnotes, Ethics checklist)- If you want to modify the author information, please contact the Editorial
Department of the Secretariat (change in affiliation or name).
- Please do not abbreviate the names of journals in the cited references.

18

Example 2.2
Publication example of The Japanese Psychological Research(Ito, M., & Kawahara, J. (2017). Effect of the Presence of a Mobile Phone during a Spatial
Visual Search. Japanese Psychological Research, 59, 188-198, partly modified.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12143)
19

Chapter 4: How to Prepare a Manuscript for Submission to
The Japanese Psychological ResearchThis chapter outlines the general rules to be observed when contributing papers to
The Japanese Psychological Research. It explains what is required to prepare and submit
a paper (manuscript) in accordance with the format of the academic paper to be published.

4.1 About The Japanese Psychological Research(1) Aims & Scope
The Japanese Psychological Research (JPR), the flagship journal of the Japanese
Psychological Association, is a peer-reviewed journal publishing high-impact researchfrom all areas of scientific psychology. JPR publishes Original Articles, Brief Reports,
and Reviews. JPR welcomes high quality articles from researchers in Japan and any partof the world, which employ novel approaches and contribute to advancing psychologicalresearch of broad interest and theoretical significance.

4.2 Categories and format
4.2.1 Categories and definitions of papers(1) Original Articles
In principle, an original article should present research results, theoretical discussion,and a clear conclusion based on the description of problems, experiments, surveys, andcase studies. It should also include new methods, skills, and data that are useful for
conducting research, such as the development of new experimentation equipment andanalysis programs, the creation of new psychological measurement scales, as well as
database construction. Articles cannot exceed 10,000 words (excluding tables, figures,and references)(2) Brief Reports
Contain the following contents: (a) an additional examination of an alreadypublished report, (b) the discovery of a new fact, (c) a new important observation, (d) areport of a few cases, (e) results to be published quickly or (f) a report based on
exploratory ideas. Articles cannot exceed 5,000 words (excluding tables, figures, andreferences)(3) Reviews20

A review should focus on recent major themes in psychology, explain primaryresearch status, main achievements and problems, and discuss the significance of current
and future studies. “Invited Review” articles are written by request of the Editorial Board.
Articles cannot exceed 20,000 words (excluding tables, figures, and references)
These word count limits apply only to the first submission, and must be noted at thetime of submission thereafter
4.2.2 Manuscript format
The paper should be written in English. The manuscript should be printed on A4 size
white paper in portrait orientation. Each page should contain at least a 3 cm margin on all
four sides. A popular (easily readable) text font with a font size of at least 10.5 pointshould be used, and the text should be double-spaced. The total number of lines per pageshould be approximately 25, although this will vary with text font and size. All pages
should be numbered consecutively throughout the manuscript. In addition, English texts
should be reviewed by a native English-speaking expert prior to submission.

4.3 Paper information
4.3.1 Title
The title should reflect the content of the paper and should be around 12–15 words
long. Avoid subtitles if possible. Even in the case of a series of studies, avoid using thesame title with different study numbers. If necessary, use the same title in a subtitle only
and provide a different main title. Subtitles should follow a colon (:) after the main title.
The first letter of main words should be capitalized (conjunctions, articles, andprepositions of three or fewer letters should be written in lowercase).
4.3.2 Author's nameAuthors’ names should be written in full in Roman script (English or original
language), beginning with the given name (first name) and the surname (family name)following.
Only collaborators responsible for the content of the paper should be listed as coauthors (mere assistants and partial collaborators should not be treated as co-authors but
may be listed if necessary in a footnote on the title page for the purpose of
acknowledgement). In principle, authors should be listed in the order of the greatest shareof research.

21

4.3.3 Institutional affiliations(1) Indicate the official English names of the institutions with which each author isaffiliated. The names of disciplines, for example, should not be mentioned as part ofthe institutional affiliations. For instance, in the case of a university, only the nameof the university should be displayed and, if necessary, the names of the faculty,
department, or discipline should be listed in a footnote on the title page.
(2) If the author’s affiliated institution has changed since submission, or if the research
was conducted at an institution other than the current affiliated institution, this must
be indicated with a footnote on the title page.
(3) If the author is only temporarily affiliated with an institution, the relevant institution
must give consent for publication.
4.3.4 Footnotes on the Title Page
The footnotes on the title page are printed in the footer of the title page in the
publication. When using footnotes, they should be numbered in sequence withsuperscripts on the upper right of the relevant part (1, 2, 3). The following are examples ofwhen and how to use title page footnotes.
(1) If you want to provide additional information about your research, for example when
the research was supported with a Grant-Aid for Scientific Research offered by the
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), or theJapan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), or if the content of the paper has
already been presented at academic conferences, a footnote number should be
included on the main title (subject).
Examples:1 This study was supported by Grant-Aid for Scientific Research, Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Technology (xxx) to xxx.
2 Experiment 2 was presented at the 82nd Annual Convention of the Japanese
Psychological Association (Sendai, Japan).
(2) If you wish to give acknowledgments, add a footnote number to the first author's
name.
(3) Changes to the author’s surname (or given name) or to his/her affiliation should beindicated with a footnote on the related author’s name.
(4) A contact address in English shall be provided in the publication in order to receive
communications and inquiries about the paper. If there is more than one author, the22name, affiliated institution, postal address, and e-mail address of the corresponding
author shall be indicated in the following order: (The corresponding author’s name),(department), (affiliated institution), (town, city), (prefecture), (postal code),(country name), (e-mail address).
Example:Correspondence concerning this article should be sent to: Taro Shinri, Departmentof Psychology, Faculty of Letters, xxx University, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113xxxx, Japan. Tokyo 113-xxxx, Japan. (E-mail: xxx@xxx)

4.4 Main text
4.4.1 Headings
Only the following three types of headings (Level 1 – Level 3) are normally used in
the main text. Headings should not be given at the beginning of the main text.
(1) Level 1
Center the heading across the full page in Gothic type, boldface font, without aperiod (.). Leave a space of one line above and below the title. The first letter of eachmain word should be capitalized.
(2) Level 2
Align the heading flush left. Use Gothic type and boldface font, capitalize the first
letter of each main word, and do not use a period at the end of the heading. Start the main
text on a new line.
(3) Level 3
Indent the heading two spaces from the left. Use Gothic type and boldface font, anduse a period at the end of the heading. The main text should start on the same line after
entering two spaces with the first letter of the first word capitalized.
4.4.2 Ordering other than paragraphs and headings
Topics should be divided into paragraphs according to the coherence of their content.
Start each paragraph on a new line and indent two spaces from the left.
(1) Rank paragraphs
When ranking paragraphs with related content, number them consecutively with
Arabic numerals, express the content in simple text, and start a new line for each newparagraph. Do not treat the paragraph as a heading by inserting a colon (:) or a space.
23

1. …
2. …
3. …
(2) Rank within a sentence or a paragraph
When ordering within a sentence or a paragraph, use letters in parentheses, (a)…,(b)…, and (c)…, and continue the sentence without starting a new line. Do not treat the
subpoints as headings by inserting a colon or a space. The use of alternative marker styles
such as (1), 1), and a) is not allowed.
4.4.3 Footnotes in the main text
Footnotes in the main text may be used in order to provide supplementary
information on elements that are useful for developing arguments, or to raise points which
may bring confusion if included in the main text. Note that footnotes should be kept to aminimum.
(1) They are printed in the footer of the corresponding page on the publication.
(2) The sequential numbers starting from the footnote on the title page should be placedon the upper right following the punctuation mark and be in superscript (1, 2, 3). They
should not be placed on headings.
(3) Sentences in the footnotes should be grouped together on the page following the listof references for the manuscript.
(4) If necessary, describe comments on copyright in footnotes in the main text.
(5) In the case of unpublished abstracts, or in the case of letters, presentations, statementsfrom small private meetings, or unofficial exchange of views, such content should betreated as personal communications and thus these sources should be listed in themain text footnotes (including the year and month), rather than in the list of references.
4.4.4 Punctuation rules(1) Period (.) and comma (,)
Use periods for punctuation and commas for pause marks.
(2) Hyphen (-)
Use hyphens to connect a pair of words or phrases, or for compound words.
(3) Dash (－)
An em-dash (—) is used when you insert explanatory remarks. The en-dash (–), half
the width of a character, is used to indicate periods of time and pages of citations.
24

(4) Quotation marks (“ ”)
Use “ ” for quotations.
(5) Round parentheses ( )Round brackets should be used in principle.
(6) Colon (:)
Use colons to indicate examples, explanations, hypotheses, and quotations, as well
as for subtitles.
(7) Semicolon (;)
Use semicolons when enumerating test results or when listing references between
parentheses.
4.4.5 Foreign languages
Avoid as far as possible including technical terms in a foreign language other thanEnglish in the main text. However, foreign languages can be used in the following cases.
It is preferable not to include technical terms in a foreign language other than English.
However, if necessary, describe the foreign language term in parentheses at the first use.
(1) Proper nouns, including foreigners’ names.
(2) References, test names, and scale names.
(3) Latin scientific names of plants and animals.
4.4.6 Acronyms and abbreviations
Avoid as much as possible using acronyms or abbreviations which are not commonly
used. The following points should be observed when using acronyms and abbreviations.
(1) When using acronyms and abbreviations for test names and long technical terms, atthe first use, the full term should be included with the acronym following inparentheses.
(2) Generally, acronyms should be capitalized with no spaces or periods used. However,
if an acronym is customarily used with a period, the convention should be followed.
4.4.7 Special characters(1) Italics
Use italics for the items in the following list. Avoid using italics just for emphasis.
i)

Titles of books and periodicals as well as their volume number cited in the main textii) Statistical symbols (e.g., M, SD, t, F, p, df, ns)iii) Latin scientific names of plants and animals, as well as technical terms used for the
first time25

(2) Boldface
In principle, boldface can only be used for headings in the main text and in tables
for values which highlight the factor structure. Avoid using boldface for emphasis in themain text.
(3) Underlines and emphasis marks
Underlines and emphasis marks should not be used in principle.

4.5 Numbers, formulas and statistical symbols
4.5.1 Numbers(1) Arabic numerals
As a matter of principle, use Arabic numerals to write numbers except when thenumber is less than 10 or is at the beginning of a sentence, in which case numbers shouldbe spelled out in full (e.g., “Twenty-one participants…” instead of “21 participants...” if
put at the beginning of a sentence).
(2) Roman numerals
In principle, Roman numerals should only be used for commonly used expressions(e.g., “Type II error”).
4.5.2 Formulas
Use consecutive numbering for all formulas in the paper.
(1) Use italics for mathematical symbols, quantifiers and variable symbols, and use thosethat are defined in JIS (Japan Industrial Standards) (see Z8201 and Z8202) as muchas possible.
(2) Use Roman type for units and symbols of operation.
(3) Fractional expressions should be expressed in principle as (a+b)/(c+d), and a/b or(a+b)/(c+d) when included in the main text.
(4) Use Roman type for such symbols as sin, log, and exp.
(5) When presenting a sequence of related equations vertically, they should be aligned at
the equals sign.
4.5.3 Statistic symbols and others(1) Italicize characters used to symbolize statistical concepts — see JIS and other sources
if you are not sure. In principle, analysis of variance tables should not be included in
papers. Consult explanatory notes in the Dictionary of Statistics to check how to
express quantities such as t ( ) or F ( ). As for test results, describe the values of the26

test statistics including t, F and χ2, the degree of freedom, the p values, the effect size,and direction. In order to show point estimates (e.g., sample means, regression
coefficients), also indicate information on estimated accuracy (e.g., standard error).
It is desirable to display confidence intervals using coherent significance levels
throughout the paper.
When showing the results of various statistical testing conducted on documents at
the end of the sentence, divide the sentence with a comma and continue as in thefollowing example:
ExampleF (1,10) = 6.18, p = .032, est ω2 = .07; F (4,40) = 22.71, p < .001, MSe = 0.005.
t (22) = 2.40, p = .013, d = 0.65, 95% CI [0.35, 0.95].
χ2 (4, N = 90) = 10.51, p = .033.
(2) Use “%” for all percentages.
(3) Pay careful attention to uppercase and lowercase letters, font, and superscripts andsubscripts for special symbols, such as SHR in Hull’s formula.
(4) When analyzing data containing missing values, show the frequency and number ofmissing observations, and account for both the origins of the missing observations
and the methods used to deal with them.
(5) Avoid treating a p-value (e.g., p = .06) that slightly exceeds a predeterminedsignificance level (e.g., α = .05 if not otherwise specified) as if the alternative
hypothesis were statistically supported, with terms such as “significant trend.”

4.6 Unit
As a general rule, use the International System of Units (SI) for measurement units.
Other units may be used upon approval by the Editorial Board.
4.6.1 International System of Units
There are specific names and symbols assigned to the SI base units as well as derived
SI units. Of these base units, derived units, and other units permitted by the International
Committee of Weights and Measures that are related to psychology are listed in Appendix
1.
4.6.2 Prefixes representing multiples and submultiples
You may use prefixes representing integral multiples of 10 (multiples and27submultiples covering the range between 10-24 and 1024) when basic, derived, or
supplementary units are too large or too small to write out (See Appendix 1–3).
4.6.3 Unit names and symbols(1) Unit names and symbols should be written in Roman type and generally in lowercase.
However, use uppercase for those derived from proper nouns as well as for prefixes
for numbers equal to or greater than 106.
(2) Use of the following units and symbols is permitted: °C (Celsius), min (minutes), h(hours) and d (days), as well as ° (degrees), ' (minutes), " (seconds) and L (liters),
which may be used with international units.
(3) Do not pluralize unit names and symbols or use periods. For example, minutes should
be written “min” without a period, not “min.” Only one prefix may be used and it
should be combined as one word with the unit name or symbol. An exception is thebase unit of “kg,” where a prefix should be combined with “g” rather than “kg.” Thatis, “1 kkg” should be written as “1 Mg.” Similarly, “1 mµm” should be written as “1nm” to avoid the double prefix.
(4) Prefixes should be selected so that the number preceding the unit is between 0.1 and
1,000. For example, “2,000 kg” should be written as “2 Mg” and “0.00394 m” as“3.94 mm.” An exception should be made when comparing multiple values in a table
or in a series of sentences. In this case it is better to use consistent prefixes, even if
some values may fall outside this range.
(5) Prefixes for derived units must be attached to the head of the unit. For example, “1µm/ms” should be written as “1 mm/s.”(6) When a derived unit is the product of two or more units, it should be written with amultiplication sign as “N·m”, for example. This may be abbreviated as “Nm” if there
is no danger of confusion. However, it may not be written as “mN”, which means
millinewton, not newton meter. Special attention should be paid to “m,” which means
both “milli” and “meter.”(7) When a derived unit is the quotient of two or more units, it should be written with adivision line, for example as “m/s” using a slash, or “m·s-1” using a negative
exponent. However, slashes should not be used more than once. For example,“W/sr/m2” should be written as “W·sr-1·m-2” or “W/(sr·m2).”(8) Leave a normal-width space between the number value and unit (e.g., “100 m”).
When necessary, use commas every three digits for large numbers (e.g., “86,400 m”).
(9) Although dB (decibel) is not an SI unit, the Editorial Board permits its use.

28

4.6.4 Examples of incorrect use of SI unit symbols
The appendix lists incorrect use of SI unit symbols and shows how each example
should be corrected (see Appendix).

4.7 In-text citations and references
4.7.1 Citation of references(1) Author’s name and year of publication
When citing a reference in the main text, include the year of publication after theauthor’s name (surname or family name).
i)In-text citation as part of a sentence“Naito (2018) presented evidence…”ii) Parenthetical references“…be experienced (Hashiya, 2019).”iii) If there are multiple publications by the same author in the same year, differentiate
each publication with a lowercase letter (a, b…) after the year of publication.
“Hasegawa (2017a) found... , and Hasegawa (2017b) examined...”“... within the tasks (Hasegawa, 2017a, 2017b).”“Harada et al. (2021a, 2021b) showed...” “... (Harada et al., 2021a, 2021b).”iv) If there are publications by different authors with the same surnames, which may leadto confusion, differentiate authors by adding the initials.
“In this paper, T. Yamada (2016)…”, “in psychological studies (Y. Yamada, 2016).”(2) Citing your own work
When citing your own published work, use your name in the style detailed above(e.g., Mukaida (2017) …) rather than referring to yourself as “Author…”.
(3) Works by co-authors (two authors)
If a work is jointly written by two authors, write both names in each citation. Use“and” for citations as part of a sentence and “&” for parenthetical references.
“Morioka and Moriya (2020) showed…”, “… (Morioka & Moriya, 2020).”(4) Co-authored works (three authors or more)i)

If the manuscript is co-authored by three or more authors, all names except the firstauthor's name should be abbreviated as “et al.”"Harada et al. (2021) showed..." "... (Harada et al., 2021)."ii) If the use of "et al." for a work with multiple authors results in multiple works with29

the same abbreviation, the authors' names should be written until the works can be
distinguished from each other.
"Harada, Nakamura, Asano et al. (2021) showed...""... (Harada, Nakamura, Kamise et al., 2021)."iii) If, as a result of abbreviations, only the last author differs, write the last author insteadof “et al.”.
"Harada, Nakamura, Fukaya, Kamise, and Asano (2021) showed...""... (Harada, Nakamura, Fukaya, Kamise, & Ishii, 2021)."(5) Citation of translated works
When citing a translated work, refer to the original author, the original publication
year, and the year the translation was published.
“Otto (2000/2019) ...”, “(...). Otto, 2000/2019).”(6) Order of citations
When citing several authors in a section of the main text, list authors alphabeticallyby their surnames and separate with semicolons in the same parentheses at the end of thesentence. For authors with multiple publications, list by year and separate with commas.
“... (Fukaya, 2018; Fukaya & Ikeda 2015; Ikeda et al. 2015, 2016).”
4.7.2 Quotations(1) Direct quotations taken from a reference work must be accurately transcribed fromthe original (or translated) source.
(2) If the quotation is composed of 40 words or less, it should be followed by the text andenclosed in quotation marks (“ ”) without a line break.
(3) If the quoted text is more than 40 words, leave one line before and after the quoted
text.
(4) Use single quotation marks (‘ ’) for quotations within quotations.
(5) Cite the author’s name, year of publication, and page number at the end of a quotation.
“... (Itakura, 2018, pp. 150-152).”(6) When translated works are quoted because the original is not accessible, cite
quotations according to the guidelines above on the citation of translated works andinclude page numbers.
“… (Ebbinghaus, 1885/1978, p. 93).”30

(7) Keep in mind that some quotations may require the permission of the copyright holder.
(8) Use ellipses (…) to indicate any omission of words in direct quotations.
4.7.3 Citations for figures and tables(1) Refer to figures and tables in the main text by number, such as Figure 1, Table 1.
(2) When you cite figures and tables taken from other works, indicate the source in theparentheses (the author’s name, year of publication, page number on which theoriginal figure or table appeared, and the number of the figure or table as it was
written in the original) to make it clear that you have made citation.
“Figure 1. Research Model of Experiment 1 (Ito, 2017, p. 120, Figure 3).”(3) Keep in mind that the citation of some figures and tables may require the permissionof the copyright holder.
4.7.4 References to the names of individuals and institutions(1) When referring to the name of an individual in the main text, do not forget to show
the initial of his/her given name and middle name, and use only the surname forsubsequent citations. However, follow the guideline above (4.7.1) on how to present
citations and references.
(2) Honorifics and titles should not be used, except for in acknowledgements.
(3) If necessary, indicate the institutional affiliation in parentheses after the name of any
individuals referred to in the main text for the first time.
(4) The official name of research institutions should be written out in full at the firstreference in the main text. References thereafter may be abbreviated.

4.8 Tables
4.8.1 Table manuscripts(1) Table sheet
Tables should be placed after the list of references (or footnotes in the main text) andseparately from figures. Each table should be presented individually on separate pages
and ordered consecutively, starting from Table 1.
4.8.2 General instructions for creating tables(1) Tables should be constructed to convey research results to the reader in the mosteffective way. Avoid having tables and figures with overlapping content and include
all of the necessary information. The samples shown in this handbook are only31

examples. Various types of examples can be found in the following references.
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association (7th ed.). American Psychological Association.
pp.210-224.
(2) In principle, the heading and items on the left side of the table (stub column) shouldbe left aligned, while the values should be center aligned. Capitalize the first letter ofmain words in the table.
(3) Consider significant digits when writing number values. In addition, ensure that theplacement of decimal points and the number of decimal places for each value areconsistent.
(4) Indicate the unit used for each value set under the corresponding heading for tables
arranged by columns (values listed vertically), or to the right of the heading for tables
arranged by rows (values listed horizontally).
(5) When all of the numbers in a table are theoretically less than 1 (as in correlation
coefficients), the numbers should be displayed without the 0 (i.e. “.52” instead of“0.52”).
(6) You may use boldface for values to emphasize factor structure if necessary.
(7) Use as few lines as possible and leave adequate space in tables. Minimize the use ofvertical ruled lines and do not use forward slashes.
(8) Refer to the tables in the main text, and indicate where you would like each table to
be inserted in the main text.
4.8.3 Numbers and titles for tables(1) Tables should be numbered with consecutive Arabic numerals, such as Table 1, Table
2, according to the order of appearance in the main text. Titles should start on a newline, be italicized, and should not be followed by a period. A title should appear above
the table and be left aligned.
(2) Titles should be as concise as possible and match the terms used in the main text.
4.8.4 Table notes
Table notes should be inserted below the table following the order listed below, notunder the table title, and should be written concisely after the note marker. Each
explanatory note should end with a period.
(1) Supplementary explanation on the table as a whole should not be accompanied with32

a note marker in the table. In this case, the explanatory sentence should be placed
below the table in the “Note.”(2) For notes on specific parts of the table, attach note markers (superscripts such as a, b,
and c) to the parts concerned. If there are several notes, these should be included on
the same line rather than starting a new line for each note.
(3) Symbols such as “*,” “**,” and “✝” are used to indicate statistical significancelevels of 5 %, 1 % and 10% respectively, and should be inserted as superscripts next
to relevant values in the table. Provide explanatory notes below the table. If there areseveral notes, these should be included on the same line.
Example 4.1 Table example
Table 3Means and Standard Deviations of Younger and Older Adults in Privacy Consciousness
Scale Scores(Tabata, N., Sato, H., & Ninomiya, K. (2021). Comparison of Privacy Consciousness
Between Younger and Older Adults. Japanese Psychological Research, 63(2), 108, Table
3. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12284)

33

4.9 Figures
4.9.1 Preparing figures
Figures can convey a large amount of information in a format that can be understood
intuitively, but they require a significant amount of space and should be selected carefully
and used effectively. Figures and tables should not have overlapping content.
(1) Figure sheet
As with tables, each figure should be presented individually on separate sheets andordered consecutively, starting from Figure 1. Figures should be placed after the list ofreferences (or footnotes in the main text), and separately from tables.
(2) Types of figures
Graphs, images, and charts may be used for figures. Appropriate graphical forms,
including line graphs, bar graphs, or scatter diagrams should be chosen according to theirsuitability to the data presented. Generally, line graphs are used to illustrate changes independent variables (y axis) against consecutive changes in independent variables (x axis).
Bar graphs are generally used when the independent variables are nominal scales(category groups). Scatter diagrams are used to show relationships between variables.
4.9.2 General instructions for creating figures(1) Creating figures
Choose lines of appropriate width and pay attention to the contrast to ensure thatthey will be visible in the event that the figure is reduced. In principle, do not use color
when preparing figures. If you use software to create figures, please ensure that yourfigures are in accordance with the specific instructions for figures for The Japanese
Psychological Research as default software settings are often different from what thejournal requires, including borders, the presence of background colors, and unnecessarylines.
(2) Lines and pointsi)When part of the vertical axis is omitted, it is desirable to indicate this with a wavy
line or a slash.

ii) The width of coordinate axes, curves, and lines should be consistent throughout themanuscript. The width of coordinate axes should be about the same as the width of
the thickest curves and lines in the figure.
iii) The same scale graduations should be used for figures which are intended forcomparison with others in the same manuscript.
iv) Make sure that large fonts are used for polygonal markers as these can be difficult to34

distinguish at reduced size.
v) When error bars are used to indicate the dispersion level of data, describe clearly
whether they represent standard deviation, standard error, confidence interval, etc.
(3) Characters in figuresi)

Set the size and width of characters in figures taking the scale into consideration. The
first letter of each word should be capitalized, and the SI guidelines (Appendix 1)
should be followed to determine whether or not particular units should be capitalized.

ii) Labels and descriptions of axes should be located outside of the axis and must be
centered. Labels and descriptions for vertical axes should be read from bottom to top.
(4) Refer to the figures in the main text, and indicate where you would like each figure
to be inserted in the main text.
(5) When displaying the results of path analysis or structural equation modeling (SEM)
in path diagrams, describe them in a standard manner using the following references
as guidelines.
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association (7th ed.). American Psychological Association. p.
239, Figure 7.7, p. 240, Figures 7.8, 7.9.
(6) Photographs are treated as figures. Number photographs and figures consecutively.
4.9.3 Numbering and titles of figures (caption)(1) Number each figure consecutively using italicized Arabic numbers (e.g., Figure 1,
Figure 2, …) according to the order in the main text. Do not start the title (caption)
on a new line, and place a period at the end.
(2) Above each figure, indicate and left-align its figure number and title.
(3) Figure titles (captions) should be brief and explain the figure’s contents. In addition,
match the terms used in the title with those appearing in the main text.

35

(Notes on figures)
1. Carefully select essential elements.
2. Be careful not to duplicate the content of other tables and figures.
3. Necessary and sufficient information should be provided. If the degree of scatterto the representative values, the number of samples, etc. are important, they need
to be clearly illustrated.
4. In principle, the format of figures with similar content should be unified.
5. The title of the figure should be concise and sufficiently expressive of its content.
At the same time, it should be easy enough to understand that the content isdifferent from other figures.
6. The meanings of numbers and other symbols in the figures should be explained in
the figures so that the reader can understand them without having to read the maintext.
7. The background color should be white. Line graph symbols and bar graph fills
should be clearly identifiable. Do not use meaningless decorations (3D, shadows,etc.).

Example 4.2 Figure example
Figure 1
Mean responses to mood scaleNote. Error bars represent standard errors.

36

Example 4.3 Figure example
Figure 2
Visual and auditory priming effects across low
and high perceptual load conditions

Note. Error bars indicate standard errors.

37

4.10 List of references
References should be listed together at the end of the main text. The title should belabeled “References,” using a Level 1 heading. Prepare your references in a way in which
the reader should be able to easily locate and consult them. It is recommended that you
include DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers). Please remember that you should start the listof references with a page break.
Example 4.4 References
References
Asano, M., Imai M., Kita, S., Kitajo, K., Okada, H., & Thierry, G. (2015). Sound
symbolism scaffolds language development in preverbal infants. Cortex, 63, 196205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2014.08.025
Ayyash-Abdo, H., Nohra, J., Okawa, S., & Sasagawa, S. (2016). Depressive Symptoms
among Adolescents in Lebanon: A Confirmatory Factor Analytic Study of theCenter for Epidemiological Studies Depression for Children. Acta
Psychopathologica, 2, 46. https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-6676.100072
Bartram, D., & Lindley, P. A. (2000). Psychological Testing: BPS Level A Open
Learning Programme. Wiley.
de Saussure, F. (1966). Course in general linguistics (R. Harris, Trans.). New York:
McGraw Hill. (Original work published 1916.)
Holtgraves, T. (2020). "Let's Stay Safe; Please Keep Your Distance": How to Politely
Ask Other People to Maintain Social Distance. Retrieved May 24, 2021 fromhttps://www.spsp.org/news-center/blog/holtgraves-social-distancecommunication
Iwasa, K., Tanaka, T., & Yamada, Y. (2018). Factor structure, reliability, and validityof the Japanese version of the Disgust Scale-Revised (DS-R-J). Japanese Journalof Psychology, 89(1), 82-92. https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.89.16230 (In Japanesewith English abstract.)
Oe, T. (2019). Manipulated booth temperature and outside air temperature bothpredict explicit social warmth after food deprivation [Poster presentation]. The
20th annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology,
Portland, OR.
Shimono, Y., Hasegawa, A., Tsuchihara, K., Tanaka, K., Matsuda, Y., & Kunisato, Y.
(in press). Longitudinal association between autistic traits and affinity forhikikomori in Japanese university students. Current Psychology.
Suzuki, A., Hoshino, T., Shigemasu, K., & Kawamura, M. (2007). Aging effects on
facial expression recognition: Testing for their negative-emotion selectivity. In E.
I. Clausen (Ed.), Psychology of anger (pp. 177- 201). Nova Science.
Wang, K., Goldenberg, A., Dorison, C. A., Miller, J. K., Uusberg, A., Lerner, J. S.,
Gross, J. J., Agesin, B. B., Bernardo, M., Campos, O., Eudave, L., Grzech, K.,
Ozery, D. H., Jackson, E. A., Garcia, E. O. L., Drexler, S. M., Jurković, A. P.,
Rana, K., Wilson, J. P., ... Moshontz, H. (2021). A multi-country test of brief
reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature
Human Behaviour, 5, 10891110. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01173-x
38

4.10.1 General guidelines for references(1) For references that take more than one line, all lines beginning with the second line
should be indented by a width of four characters.
(2) The information should be listed in alphabetical order, following the authors'
surnames. No reference number should be added.
(3) Year of publicationi)

Always indicate the year of publication of the reference using the Western calendar.

ii) Put the year of publication in parentheses followed by a period as in “( ).”iii) For journals that are published every other year or every three years, indicate twoyears and link them with an en-dash, as in (2011–2013).
iv) For journals that are published once in an academic year from April to March of thefollowing year, like The Japanese Journal of Psychology, show the year the journal
was published.
(4) Titles of references should be presented in their complete form, with the first letterof words in the title and the subtitle capitalized. Proper nouns should also be
capitalized. The subtitle should follow a colon.
(5) In principle, indirect citations should not be made. In addition, citations from papers
that are still under a submission process or review and that have not yet been
officially approved for publication should not be made.
4.10.2 Format for the list of references(1) Author’s namei)General rules
Indicate the author’s name with the surname first, followed by a comma, the initialsof the given name and the middle name in this order. Initials should be followed by aperiod. If two authors have the same surname and initials, their names should be listed infull. The spelling of names should match the one adopted by the original authors.
Takahashi, N. (2013)., Takahashi, Noboru (2013)., Takahashi, Nobuyuki (2013).
ii) Co-works (works by seven authors or fewer)
Indicate the names of all authors. A comma and an ampersand (&), as opposed to“and,” should be placed before the last author’s name.
Inoue, K., Oe, T., & Kawakami, N. (2016).

39iii) Co-works (works by eight authors or more)
If there are not fewer than eight authors, include the first six authors and the lastauthor, replacing the authors in between with an ellipsis (…).
Kojima, Y., Komura, K., Sawamiya, Y., Sugiura, J., Soma, T., Takeda, Y., ...
Tanaka, T. (2018).
(2) Books
For books, the author’s name, year of publication, title, edition (except for firstedition sources), location, and publisher should be indicated. Titles should be italicized.
The edition should be abbreviated as ed.
i)A standard entry
Author, A. (Year). Title of Book.
Sprick, R. S. (2021). Discipline in the Secondary Classroom: A Positive Approach
to Behavior Management (4th ed.). Wiley.

ii) Edited volume: Editors should be indicated as Ed. When there are multiple editors,
use Eds.
Editor, A., Editor, B., & Editor, C. (Eds.). (Year). Title of Book. Publisher.
Shwalb, D. W., Nakazawa, J., & Shwalb, B. J. (Eds.). (2005). Applied
developmental psychology: Theory, practice, and research from Japan(Advances in applied developmental psychology series). Charlotte, NC:
Information Age Publishing.
iii) Specific chapter from an edited volume
Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title of Chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.),
Title of Book (pp. XX-XX.). Publisher.
Author, A. (Year). Title of Chapter. In A. Editor (Ed.), Title of Book (2nd ed., Vol.
3, pp. XX-XX.). Publisher.
Itakura, S., Moriguchi, Y., & Morita, T. (2013). Visual masking and task switchingin the attentional blink. In S. Watanabe & S. A. Kuczaj (Eds.), Emotions ofAnimals and Humans: Comparative Perspectives (pp. 207-222). Springer
Japan.
iv) Books with multiple volumes
Author, A. (Year). Title of Book (Vols. XX-XX). Publisher.
Christie, D. J. (Series Ed.). (2008-2020). Peace Psychology Book Series (Vols. 140

35). New York: Basic Books.
v) A volume from books with multiple volumes
Author, A. (Year). Title of Book. (B. Editor, Series Ed.) Title of Series. Volume
No. Publisher.
Liben, L. S., & Mueller, U. (Eds.). (2015). Handbook of child psychology anddevelopmental science. Vol. 2.: Cognitive processes. (R. M. Lerner, SeriesEd.). Wiley.
vi) Translated works
Author, A (Year). Title of book (B. Translator, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work
published Year.)Oguma, E. (2002). A genealogy of Japanese self-images (D. Askew, Trans.).
Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press. (Original work published 1996).
(3) Periodicals (periodicals including academic journals, yearbooks, bulletins, etc.)
When citing periodicals, indicate the author’s name, year of publication, article title,
journal title, volume number, and page. Journal titles and volume numbers should beitalicized, and page numbers of the quoted reference should be indicated with an en-dashbetween the first and last page quoted. In principle, journal titles should be written in full
without abbreviation. The first letter of the main words in journal titles should becapitalized. When confusion may arise, for example if two or more journals possess thesame or similar names, include either the publisher (or the location) after the journal name.
i)

Journals
Author, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Year). Title of article. Journal Title, Vol.
(No.), xx-xx. https://doi.org/xxx
Ishikawa, S., Chen, J., Fujisawa, D., & Tanaka, T. (2019). The development,
progress, and current status of cognitive behaviour therapy in Japan.
Australian Psychologist, 55(6), 598-605. https://doi.org/10 .1111/ap.12450

ii) Annals/yearbooks and bulletins
If there are several sections or series under the bulletin or report of the same name,indicate the name of the section/series following the title. In addition, if the names ofthese annals or reports do not include the name of the university concerned, this should
be included in parentheses.
Author, A. (Year). Title of article. Journal Title, Vol. (No.), xx-xx.
41https://doi.org/xxx
Saito, A., & Nozaki, M. (2018). Childrearing and Social Support in Fathers of 3-5
Years Old Children. The Bulletin of Musashino University, Faculty of
Education, 4, 9-17. (In Japanese)(4) Citation of online documentsi)

If a source has been published both online and in paper, the citation should refer tothe paper reference.

ii) If it has been officially confirmed that the work will be published and it is currently
available as an early-view online document, adopt the year of release as the year of
publication, clearly state that the document is available thanks to the early-view, andspecify the DOI. After publication, replace this information with that of the publishedversion.
Author, A. (Year). Title of article. Journal Title. (Advance online publication.
https://doi.org/xxx)
Toyama, N. (2019). Developmental changes in infants' object interactions acrossthe transitional period from crawling to walking. European Journal of
Developmental

Psychology.

Advanceonlinepublication.

https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2020.1814730
iii) For preprinted references, specify the name of the upload site and the DOI.
Author's surname, first name. (Year of publication). Title of paper, and name of
the upload site name. https://doi.org/xxx
Yoshimura, N., Morimoto, K., Murai, M., Kihara, Y., Marmolejo-Ramos, F., ...
Yamada, Y. (2020). Age of smile: a cross-cultural replication report of Ganel
and Goodale (2018). PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/dtx6jiv) For documents only available online which possess a DOI, list the DOI.
Author, A. (Year). Title of article. Journal Title, Vol.(No.), Article No.
https://doi.org/xxx
Miura, A., & Kobayashi, T. (2016). Survey Satisficing Inflates StereotypicalResponses in Online Experiment: The Case of Immigration Study. Frontiersin Psychology, 7, 1563. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01563
v) For documents only available online which do not have a DOI assigned, describe theinformation using the following format.
42

Author, A. (Year). (Year). Title of article. Web site. Retrieved Date of access, fromURL
American Psychological Association. (2014). APA databases: PsycINFO.
American Psychological Association. Retrieved October 29, 2014 fromhttp://www.apa.org/pubs/databases/psycinfo/index .aspx
However, as the cited documents may be deleted from the website, The authors
should prepare their response such that it is possible to quickly address requests by the
Editorial Board.
(5) Otheri)Dissertation
The publication year of a dissertation should correspond to the calendar year, notacademic year, of course completion and degree conferment. In addition, refer to the
publication year of the abstract if applicable.
Author, A. (Year). (Year). Title of article (Unpublished master's thesis, doctoral
dissertation). University, Location.
Kitazaki, M. (1997). Mobile observer's visual perception: Application of thegeneric-view principle to three-dimensional motion perception (Unpublisheddoctoral dissertation). University of Tokyo, Tokyo.
ii) Presentations in academic conferences
Author, A. (Year). Title of article. Conference Name (City, Country), xx-xx.
Nishiyama, H., & Notomi, K. (2020). Implementing UDL to Improve Lessons inPrimary and Secondary School in Japan. Poster presented at the 34th Pacific
Rim International Conference on Disabilities and DiversitiesInternational(Honolulu, HA).
iii) Papers in press
For presses which are scheduled to be printed but have not been published yet, use“(in press)” in lieu of the year of publication.
Author, A., & Author, B. (in press). Title of article. Journal title.
Boiger, M., Kirchner, A., Schouten, A., Uchida, Y., & Mesquita, B. (in press).
Different Bumps in the Road: The Emotional Dynamics of Couple
Disagreements in Belgium and Japan Emotion, Emotion.
43iv) Quotations of articles from newspapers or journals
Author, A. (Year). Title of article. Newspaper/Journal name, Date, pp.xx-xx.
Frandale, N. (2002). Living on his nerves. Sunday Telegraph Magazine, March 17,
pp. 12-19.
4.10.3 Information on Japanese references(1) The instructions for references in foreign languages should be followed for any
Japanese references. The orthography of the author’s Romanized name should matchthat used by the original author.
(2) If English translations of titles can be found in original Japanese sources, thetranslation should be used in citations. If no translations are available, contact theoriginal authors for the translation if possible. If this is not an option, provide
appropriate English translations of titles and add the following note: “(In Japanese,translated by the author of this article.)”(3) All citations from Japanese sources should be clearly indicated with “(In Japanese).”When an abstract in English is available, indicate it with “(In Japanese with English
abstract).”
Sato, A. (2014). The future is in your right hand: An embodied temporal concept.
Japanese Journal of Psychology, 85(4), 345-343.
https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.85.13055 (In Japanese with English abstract.)(4) For books, write the publisher in English as they have adopted.
(5) For the names of journals, use the English translations provided by the publishers.
When translations are not available, use Romanized Japanese titles (following the
Hepburn system) and provide English translations in parentheses.
4.10.4 Order of references(1) References should be arranged in the alphabetical order of the first author's surname,even in the case of co-authored works, without distinguishing Japanese and foreign
documents.
(2) If there are multiple citations by the same author including a single-authored citation
and a co-authored citation in which s/he is the first author, list the single-authoredcitation first. When there are multiple co-authored citations with the same first author,
list them in alphabetical order according to the second authors’ name, not the orderof publication. This principle also applies when the first and second authors are the44same and the third or subsequent author is different.
Toyama, K. (2019).
Toyama, K., Nagai, S., & Nakamichi, K. (2015).
Toyama, K., & Oe, T. (2011).
(3) When there are multiple citations by the same author, or multiple citations by thesame co-authors with the same name ordering, list them in chronological order. When
there are multiple citations by the same authors/co-authors that were published in thesame year, or citations with the same abbreviation quoted in the main text,
differentiate each publication with sequential lowercase letter (a, b…) after the yearof publication.
Nishiyama, H. (2019a).
Nishiyama, H. (2019b).

4.11 Abstract and keywords
4.11.1 Abstracts
Articles for The Japanese Psychological Research should be accompanied by a 100–
175 word abstract in English. An abstract should contain the problems (purposes),methods, results, discussion, and conclusions.
4.11.2 Keywords
Three to five keywords in English should be listed under the abstract forclassification and search purposes. Keywords should meet the criteria listed below tofacilitate searches.
(1) Keywords should be nouns or noun phrases. Countable nouns should be listed in theirplural form.
Exampletheory-theories, mouse-mice, child-children(2) As a rule, abbreviations should not be used as keywords.
(3) Keywords do not have to be words found in either the abstract or the main text of thearticle.
Examplehyperactivity-hyperkinesis, quantification-measurement(4) Proper nouns (such as names of people, places, and specific tests) can be used as
45

keywords. In general, use lowercase unless use of uppercase is required as in proper
nouns.
ExampleFreud (Sigmund), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

4.12 Supporting Information
The supporting information function of the Wiley Online Library can be used as
supplementary material for papers. For details, please refer to the website(https://psych.or.jp/publication/Supporting_Information/)of the Japanese Psychological
Association.

46

Appendix
Appendix 1. Unit Symbols
1 Base and supplementary units
Table 1
Base units
AmountName of the unit

SymbolLength

meter

M

Mass

kilogramkg

Time

secondsElectric current

ampereA

Thermodynamic
temperature

kelvinK

Amount of substance

mole

mol

Intensity of lightcandelacd

AmountName of the unit

SymbolPlane angle

radianrad

Solid angle

steradiansrSupplementary units

47

2 Derived units
Table 2Derived units with unique names (partial)
AmountSI unit
Name

SymbolDefinition

Frequency

Hz

Hz

s-1

Power

NewtonN

kg・m/s2

Pressure, stresspascalPa

N/m2

Energy, work, calorific
value

joule

J

N・m

Power, work rate,
dynamic force, electricity

watt

W

J/s

Voltage, potential

bolt

V

W/A

Electrostatic capacity

farad

F

C/V

Electric Resistance

Ohm

omega

V/A

Conductance

SiemensS

A/V

Inductance

Henry

H

Wb/A

Luminous flux

lumen (unit ofluminous flux)

lm

cd-sr

Illuminance

lux

lx

lm/m2

48

3 SI units and Non-SI units mentioned in the SI related to psychology
Table 3
Space and timeAmountName of the unit

symbolRemarks

Plane
angle

radianrad

1° (degrees), 1′ (minutes), and 1″(seconds) can be used together.

Solid angle

steradiansrLength

meter

m

Area

square meterm2

Volume,Capacity

cubic meterm3

1L (liter) can also be used.

Time

seconds

1min (minute), 1h (hour), and 1d(day) can be used together.

Angularvelocity

radian per second

rad/s

Speed,
velocity

meter per secondm/s

Accelerationmeter per second
per second

m/s2

Table 4
Periodic and related phenomena
AmountName of the unit

SymbolRemarks

Frequency, fnumber ofvibrations

HzHz

1Hz = 1s-1

Speed or numberof rotations

time per second

s-1

min-1 can be used
together49

Table 5
Mechanics
AmountName of the unit

SymbolRemarksMasskilogramkg

1t (ton) can be used in
combination

Power

NewtonN

1N = 1 kg・m/s2

PressurepascalPa

1Pa = 1N/m2
1bar (bar) can be usedin combination

Work, energy

joule

J

1eV (electron volt) canbe used in
combination

Power, work rate,
dynamic force

watt

W1

W = 1J/s

AmountName of the unit

SymbolRemarks

Thermodynamic
temperature

kelvinK

Do not put °.

Celsius temperature

Celsius degree℃

This is also an SI unit.

Table 6
Heat

Temperatureinterval,
temperature
difference

kelvinK

The temperatureinterval or differenceof the Celsius
temperature may also
be expressed in °C.

Heat/calorific value

joule

J

Calorie cannot be
used.

50

Table 7
Electricity and magnetism
AmountName of the unit

SymbolElectric current

ampereA

Electric charge,
electric quantity

coulombC

1C = 1 A・s

Electric potential,
potential difference,voltage,electromotive force

bolt

V

1V = 1W/A

Electrostatic
capacity,
capacitance

farad

F

1F = 1C/V

Self-inductance,
mutual inductance

Henry

H

1H=1V・s/A

Magnetic flux
density, magnetic
induction

Tesla

T

1T = 1 V・s/m2(Electrical)
Resistance (DC)

ohm

omega

1Ω = 1V/A(Electrical)
Conductance (DC)

SiemensS

1s = 1a/v = 1ohm-1

51

Remarks

Table 8
Light and related electromagnetic radiation
AmountName of the unit

SymbolRemarks

Wavelength

meter

m

Å may be used in
combination

Radiant energy

joule

J

Radiant flux

watt

W

Radiation intensity

watt persteradianW/srRadiance

watt persteradian per
square meter

W/(sr・m2)

Radiative effusivity

watt per square
meter

W/m2

Irradiancewatt per square
meter

W/m2

Luminous intensity

candelacd

Luminous flux

lumen (unit ofluminous flux)lm

Radiation intensity

lumen-second

lm-s

Luminance

Candela persquare meter

cd/m2

Luminous flux
divergence

Lumens per
square meter

lm/m2

Illuminance

lux

lx

52

1lm = 1cd-sr

1lx = 1lm/m2

Table 9Sound
AmountName of the unit

SymbolCycle

secondsFrequency, numberof vibrations

Hz

Hz

Wavelength

meter

m

Densitykilogram per
cubic meter

kg/m3

Static(instantaneous)sound pressure

pascalPa

Speed of sound,acoustic velocity

meters per
secondm/s

Sound energy flux,
sound power

watt

W

Sound intensity

watt per square
meter

W/m2

Acoustic
impedance

pascal per
second cubic
meter

Pa-s/m3

Remarks

1bar (bar) can be usedin combination

Table 10
Physical chemistry and molecular physics
AmountName of the unit

SymbolAmount ofsubstance

mole

mol

Molar
concentration

mole per cubic
meter

mol/m353

Remarks

4 Prefixes for units
Table 11
Base units
Name

Symbol

Size

giga

G

109

mega

M

106

kilo

K

103

hecto

h

102

deca

da

10

deci

d

10-1

centi

c

10-2

milli

m

10-3

micro

µ

10-6

nano

n

10-9

54

5 Examples of inappropriate use of units and how to express them correctly
Table 12
Correct ways to express units
Examples of units not suitable for SI

Examples of units suitable for SI

μ (micron)μm (micrometer)mμ (millimicron)

nm (nanometer)sec (second)sc/s, cps

Hz (Hertz)

nt (nit)

cd/m2

1mL (millilambert)

3.183cd/m2

1sb (stilb)

10kcd/m2° K (Kelvin)K

1cal (calorie)

4.186 05J (joule)

1erg (erg)0.1μJ (microjoule)1dyn (dyne)

10 μN (micronewtons)

1Gs (gauss)

0.1mT (millitesla)rpm (revolutions per minute)

min-1

55

Appendix 2. Checklist for submission of papers to The Japanese
Psychological Research
The following checklist covers items that are often overlooked in the writing ofmanuscripts. Authors should submit their manuscript to this journal after referring to thefollowing checklist. The pages indicate where you can find the items listed in the Guide
for Writing and Submission.
1. Paper information(1) Have you chosen the appropriate category of paper? Is the length of your paper within
the number of pages for the published version stipulated for each category of paper?
(2) Is the title (any subtitles should follow a colon) appropriate for the article, and is itof sufficient length (approximately 12–15 words)?
(3) If the work has been co-authored, have you included the names of all of the authors
as well as their affiliations?
(4) Is the length of the abstract appropriate (100–175 words)? Have appropriate
keywords also been chosen (3–5 words)?
2. How to write your manuscript(1) Have you written the main text in English, and have you chosen the correct paper
format (A4), character setting, and number of lines per page (common format, sizeof 10.5 points or more, approximately 25 lines), as well as set up appropriate margins
on all four sides (3 cm or more)?
(2) Does the PDF file of the manuscript correctly contain the title, abstract and keywords,
main text, list of references, footnotes (in the main text), figures (each figure should
start on a new page and contain the title (caption)) and tables (each table should starton a new line and contain its title and notes) in this order? (Remove the author’s
name, affiliations, and footnotes from the entirely manuscript including the title pageand footnotes for anonymity.)(3) Are pages numbered consecutively?
(4) Has the English manuscript been reviewed by a native English-speaking expert?
3. Paragraph and headings(1) Have you correctly used each type of headings (three types) and used the appropriate
numbering for non-heading type paragraphs (e.g., 1., (a))?
(2) Are the paragraphs properly punctuated?

56

4. Abbreviations(1) Are there any inappropriate abbreviations or unnecessary explanations?
(2) Are the abbreviations fully and clearly explained?
5. Measurement units(1) Do the measurement units and their abbreviations follow the International System ofUnits (SI)?
6. References(1) Have the references been listed correctly? Additionally, do the spelling and the yearof publication described in the list of references correspond to the quotations in themain text?
7. Footnotes(1) Do the footnotes on the title page correctly describe the information on thecorresponding author in English, research grant, presentation in academic conferences,acknowledgement, change of the author’s surname (or given name), and affiliatedinstitution?
(2) Has the use of footnotes in the main text been minimized? Are the footnotes numberedconsecutively, continuing from the footnotes on the title page?
8. Figures and tables(1) Are all figures and tables numbered, titled, and annotated when necessary?
(2) Are all figures and tables quoted in the main text? Are they numbered in the sameorder as referred to in the main text? Have you indicated in the main text where
figures and tables should be inserted?
(3) Is the use of ruled lines in the tables kept to the minimum?
(4) Is the size of figures adequate? Is each part of the figures distinguishable even if
printed on a reduced scale?
9. Copyright and citation(1)

Have you requested permission in writing as necessary in order to cite alreadypublished papers, figures, and tables?

(2)

Are all citations accompanied with sources and original pages?

(3)

Are you certain that this paper has never been published before? Are you sure thatpublication of this work would not constitute double submission or plagiarism?
5710. Method of submission(1) Have you responded to all of the questions in the Ethics Checklist?

58

Appendix 3. Ethics Checklist (as of October 2022)
Ethics Checklist for Papers Submitted to The Japanese Journal of Psychology and
The Japanese Psychological ResearchThis checklist is designed to assist the Editorial Board in ascertaining the extent towhich submitted papers meet the ethical requirements of the journal. Please answer eachquestion at the time of submission. While the mere fact that an item is not fulfilled does
not mean that the paper will be automatically rejected, the Editorial Board may ask forfurther details.
Based on the purpose of the Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct for Members of
the Japanese Psychological Association and in accordance with the Code of Ethics of theJapanese Psychological Association, ethical considerations should be given not only tothe items on the list, but also in general when conducting research and writing papers.
1. Did you obtain approval from the ethics committee of your institution or related
institution to conduct the research?
[Yes]

[No]

If no, please explain why you did not receive approval.
If no, please explain in as much detail as possible why you think it is ethical to conduct
the experiment or survey. (For example, “you have confirmed in advance with a third
party unrelated to the research that there is no ethical problem in conducting theexperiment or survey,” etc.)
2. Did you obtain informed consent from the research participants prior to theexperiment or survey? (Informed consent should include an explanation of the natureof the experiment or investigation and a statement that the participants are free towithdraw from the experiment or investigation. It is preferable to obtain a signatureof consent.)
[Yes]

[No]

If no, please explain the reason.
3. If it was unavoidable that you could not obtain informed consent, did you take any
alternative measures? (e.g., obtaining consent from the parents or other responsible
59person)
[Yes]

[No]

[Not applicable (informed consent obtained)]

If no, please explain the reason.
4. Were there any burdens or risks to the participants or animals in the experiment or
study?
[Yes][No]

If there were any burdens or risks, please describe them in detail and state what actions
or measures were taken.
[Description of the burden or risk][Actions or measures taken]
5. Were there any deceptions in the experiment or survey?
[Yes]

[No]

If yes, please indicate whether or not you have taken any action, such as a post-hoc
explanation.
6. In animal experiments, did you use the minimum number of animals necessary for theexperiments? (Did you use too many animals for no reason?)
[Yes]

[No]

[Not applicable (no animal experiments conducted)]

If no, please explain the reason.
7. Is there any guarantee of privacy? (e.g., data collection and processing, guarantee ofanonymity when presenting the data in a paper)
[Yes]

[No]

If no, please explain the reason.
8. Is the paper an original paper by the author(s)? (An original paper is one that has notbeen submitted or published elsewhere. If there are closely related papers, such as
those involving reanalysis of data, please send them as reference documents as well.)
[Yes]

[No]

If no, please explain the reason.
9. If there are two or more authors, have you obtained permission for submission from60

all of them?
[Yes]

[No]

[Not applicable (for single-authored paper)]If no, please explain the reason.
*Does the order of authors' names appropriately reflect their contributions?
[Yes]

[No]

[Not applicable (for single-authored paper)]If no, please explain the reason.
10. If you use materials or programs created by others, or cite figures, tables or texts, doyou indicate the source?
[Yes]

[No]

If no, please explain the reason.
Have you obtained permission from the original author(s)?
[Yes]

[No]

If no, please explain the reason.
11. Have you checked for inappropriate or discriminatory terms or expressions?
[Yes]

[No]

If no, please explain the reason.
12. Are there any conflicts of interest in this paper?
Please be sure to check the JPA Rules on Conflicts of Interest <https://psych.or.jp/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EN_JPA_Rules_onConflicts_of_Interest.pdf> for the definition of a conflict of interest. Please rememberthat if you do not disclose the proper information, your paper may be withdrawn evenafter publication.
(*If there are no conflicts of interest, please state that there are no conflicts of interest;
if there is a conflict of interest, please describe it at the end of the paper, making sure
not to include any private information about the author.)
[Yes]

[No]

If there is a conflict of interest, please provide a detailed description.

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Postscript
In recent years, the globalization of research activities in all areas of empiricalscience has progressed at a rapid pace. There are various “movements in the researchworld,” both bright and dark, such as the problem of data reproducibility, the movement
toward open science triggered by the emergence of data misconduct, the establishment ofresearch ethics in the background, and various issues related to conflicts of interest. The
way we think about and respond to them is changing at a rapid pace.
It is in this context that we decided to revise the Guide for Writing and Submission
for The Japanese Journal of Psychology and The Japanese Psychological Research, six
years after the revision in 2015. The most important reason for this revision was the
publication of the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association (APA). The content of the manual has undergone significant changes, and it
now includes descriptions that have never been published before. The Japanese
Psychological Association, which adopts policies based on this manual, considered it
necessary to proceed with the revision of the Guide. In fact, the Japanese Psychological
Association has made the revision, being “confronted” with a number of issues regarding
how to think about the various movements and problems mentioned above and how tocarry out research practices as a group of researchers.
The Japanese Psychological Association is a voluntary group of researchers fromvarious fields of psychology, and we believe that we should change specific systems andrules on these issues following sufficient discussion and conviction among our members.
At the same time, however, we must not be too hasty when we think of how to makedecisions as an academic society with a sense of urgency even if the “global trend” ismoving so fast. Nevertheless, we must not be afraid of “constant change,” which isappropriate for the Society as a place to welcome new researchers and grow together. We
have made this revision while having difficulty keeping a balance between these twoelements.
Some people may think it is too conservative, and others may think it is too abrupt
a change. However, considering that these rules are also “ever-changing,” we believe that“taking shape” at a certain point in time is itself a step toward the next big change. We
strongly hope that you will make effective use of this Guide for Writing and Submission
as a step toward the next change, and that it will stimulate discussion among members.
Beginning with this revision, the Japanese Psychological Association will no longer
publish this handbook in printed form, but will distribute it only in electronic form.
However, since some people in the educational field have asked for a printed version, we
62will also publish a PDF version for printing. Please make use of it.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the Editorial Board of The Japanese
Journal of Psychology and The Japanese Psychological Research, including (titles
omitted) Tomoyasu Nakamura and Keiko Ishii as the chief editor for each journal thechief editor for each journal, Michiko Asano and Shinichi Ishikawa as an associate editor
for each journal, and Shota Ido and Marina Onda as the members of the editorial officeof the Japanese Psychological Association, for their great efforts in revising the Guide for
Writing and Submission. We would like to express our gratitude to all of them. Thankyou very much.
May 21, 2022
Etsuko Harada, Executive Editor

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