Bunetin吋Ｂ叩ＰｕＵｎ面ys向1皿iorCo/晦ら2μ2卯2）

論文"Rhetorids
Always My lndulgence":
孔e Efkt of Metaphor and Personificatioh
in Robert MCLiam W11son's Ripley Bogle(1989)，
Manfred's Pain(1992)andEureka
Street(1996)

Masahiko

Northernlreland has witnessedlate 1980s such
(1961−

as David Park)，EoinMCNameeAnne

the emergence(1954−(1961−

Dunlop

YAHATA

of talented young)，Deirdre)，Colin(1968−

MaddenBateman).Laura(1960−(1962−

novelists since the)，Glenn)，Robert

Pelaschiarls

Patterson

MCLiam(1964−)andNorthernlrish fiction，Writing the Northl･ 771e Co711e7刀porafy Novej 珀Norl力ern(1998)canbe regarded

as a valuable sequel to John

VVilson Foster's Forcesin Ulster Fiction (1974).Fosterls

work1998)and

Maurice)，andPelaschiar's work

emergedsince them.She

cites Madden，Patterson，Batemanas the young

Leitch (1933−

concludes

talents of the 1990s (1).lwΓiters，especiaily to the three novels
date.

ln

this paper， l attemptemphaSiS

On hjS USe

1964.He
where

MCLiamwent

he readWilsonRobertthe author's messages

was

born

he dropped

a tramp in London.His

publishing a work

Donovan

Wylie jn 1991， Wilson

year.

novel received

This

publishedpooΓΓeviews

finished as a novelist.

Lookingback

Wilsonproduced

Wilsonwaslosing his imaginativesocial reality (2).His
Eurejごa SIreer

haveothers，by these four

VVjlson has published

to reveal theaccurately.

Catholic family in Belfast in
Cambridge

university

out of the university and， despite his

Betty Trask Prizes，and

his second
andon

in 1996.This

nove1

Manfred'sin 1989

the lrish Book771e￡)jspossessedandbecoming

with

Pain the loHowing

a certain critic aHeged

at that time， the same

talent andtoin rhetoric with

firstnove1，沢加紬y召oがe，publishedallegation，however，proved

appeared(1921−of non‑fiction， 771e ﾌ:)jspossessed，in coHaboration

documentaryfilms whichmore

into a working‑dassfour literary prizes: the Rooney， Hughes，andAward.After

MCLiamschools in Belfast and entered

English literature.But

a71d 7771e771es

Wilson， amongto give an analysis of VVilsonls skms

to various secondary

education，became
won

and

of

7reja71ddeals with novelists who

also attracted to the novels

which

study

with discussions of Brian Mooreof llmetaphor'l and ¨perSOnifiCation'I，and endeavor

effect they have in conveying

Robertamcomprehensive

Wilsonthat Wilson
a series

wasof BBC

critic remarked

that

more

adept

at the portrayal of

to be wrong

when

Wilson's third novel

novel received sjgnificant criticalacclaim， such

as

−63
−

１

別府大学短期大学部紀要
EdnaLongley's

novel was第21号(2002)

reviewバQuality

Street'I，in the octoberalso translated into French

1996 issue of Forむlj肋r(3).The

in 1997 (4).The

BBC

and

RTE

co‑producedatelevision version of the novel in 1999，which was widely praised｡
There

is a paragraph

There youhave it.

differently.A11
had known

xn Ripley Bogle which

That was the lreland of our birth and growth.lt

else，Maurice

his own‥…lt

wasanswerbe my exit.

VVe used

Mauriceweresomebody

to have

POHtics.This

else's crimeandthus somebody

these wonderfu】juvenile
wasarguments

or influence

employSin thiS paragraphon the thing caned lrish

fuH of shit andthat his opinions

defines， rhetoric is l'the art of using language

others'1(6).The

examplesto perSUadeso as toof the rhetorical strategy that Wnson

the reader

are rUde

WOrdS("bO110CkSpeakl'，

expreSSionS(¨treaSUred itS'Ib0110CkS¨/'fU11 0f Shit'≒and'la pile of piSS")，SarCaStiC

inSanity'l andjUvenile argUmentSI')，Slang('lpotty¨)，an emphaSiS

thing caHed'ltheSe WOnderfUllrish politicsll)，anda metaphor

clawsl').Through(¨a real scratching

Wilsonls skillin rhetoric，this paragraphthe readet･ the fact that Ripley
Republicanism.

lt

seems

Bogle

has

heartythat rhetoric is always

Rjμey召qμe is a story of the eponymous
classfamilyin VVest

Belfastcircumstancesin which

Ripley Bogle is born

extraordinary

character.Hea prostitute one
words

which

and

is bornto the description

to havethe child.

of Ripley

Bogle， andpUShingand bredthe unwanted

Way

Celebratory

OUt¨.
ode， norThe

motherto

Wilsonls indulgence.

is born into a Catholic working‑a trampThe

contributes to the formation of his
ex‑baker andoverwhelming

array of extravaganlof his birth makes

clear the parentslisher way

to the ¨unwillingllbastardllis

CreaSeSrejoiCing nor

screamingher brOW

I'indiStaSte'l， There iS Ilno

merrymaking'I .

The ¨1ittleb aStardll iS

hard， and IIStretChing the motherlS IOinS to impOSSible， inelaStiC lengthSI'.lt iS

hiS firSt l'debt¨.HiS

biΓthiS a 'lpOXIIOn

impreSSion'I On them.

xyith hiS rhetoriCal Starategy again， WilSOn

the reader thjlthis parents have deep

the otherS.

interest in books.
He

He reads¨Ugly'I，he makeS

he becomes

IIlittle

SUCCeedS in perSUadingby the written wordand shows

Dickens， Thackeray，Shakespeare，VVebster，even studies Nihilism.

The list of the authors

Being

hatΓed for Ripley Bogle.

lnhis childhood， Ripley Bogle is obssessed

Spenser.

in London.

the ¨dirty'≒heavyheaded，eponymous

The midWife
any

for his friend's devotion

child of an unemployedAn(11theoratoricalonbecomes

after they get married.

production'lSOng，nO

hero who

eventuaHy

month

unwillingness

scorn

post for myis most likely lo impress

Robert MCLiamis applied

l'Shoving hiS angry

l tojd

was always my indulgence.)(5)English Dictionary

persuadeelse's problem.My

potty｡

a real scratching post for my oratorjcal claws.

talking bollocks， that he wasa pile of piss.(Rhetorichesaw it as his birthright and treasured its insanity as

This used to drive Maurice

vexed theme

that he was

As The oxford

affected usthat Gaelic， nationalist，Ce】ticsuperiority bollockspeak.Because

nothing

wouldrepresents Wilson's skillsin rhetoric:

0rwe11，Camus， Sartre，Mannfamiliar with is impressive.
−−64

unusual

Marloweandand Enot depress

him.

The

readermay

think itimp】ausible
parents

that

have

happenedWest

Ripleynoin Wilsonls(7).Ripley

Bogle's

Ajりge/a's

Boglels

sufferedfrominterest

thoughin booksis alsoreminiscentadversity

develops

bredon

IRA，heholds

a strong

Republican

no

the

Misguided

Sou1¨，whichthemis ¨buggered

fingerat thecausedby

RipleyBogle'slyilsonmistakesnoheTroublesfor onebyto dub

down

Bogle

and

her

open

for that?

Youngshouldshouldn't

be done.Belfast

Belfast has to be stopped.

lts time wm

acts at his or her own

caHed

wonderwhat

rancid，hard‑eyed
Thickens
Boglels

your
view

and

who

has

if "theas British，

her words

Ripleyconfused'I.Then，in

the

Boglel'.He

girl involved
Ginchy，in anpointsaccidenta girl who

Britishaims

his gunat her.She

stradd]ethebarbedlives insoldiercaned

screams

wire.

She

in

bleedsMe？

Anyone?

lIBelfast'l
who
human

old Muireto get awaycome.lyourbrains.

city is described
will.Ripley

control.He

Chasesand lreland should

betweenthat has

eventuaHy

with this kindof thing･

as ifit werea humanbeing

Bogle's hatred for the city appears
that his hatred is pointed

a grave crime， not just towards
goes

is doing

attributed to Belfast.Britain
countries

l donlt thinkhope.(8)has commited

GinchyNo，Belfast.lt's aH Belfast's fault.Somethingon blaming

your

now.

Belfastprobablydoes

just athat to you.

soul awayl'(9).However，Ripley
The

whole

also be blamedledathe personified city，

these days….Shelsof Belfast is not entirely accurale.

the two

he isof thethat， evenwire.Alrish tart like the rest of them

body

his

thoughhotbedlreland

BritishWilson's description here gives the impression

mechanical，wi11‑less city undersaying/Il

Northernlrish

of barbed

be allowed

Belfast js personified in this paragraph.Thea personwroteteacher

students

and"Ripley

Wilson？

prefer to blame

towards

his

says:

do we blame

intense because

likedeveloped

and

his female

regards

andheavnyat↑empted，and

eventuallylrish to the core.Bylegs

any of those fitthis bm.l

who

drank

she

Britain.Even

1970s， Muirewa】ks a tightrope

her for a terrorist in the dark

Ripleyandof an innocentnight in the

and

and

caHs

who

himself

working‑class

MCCourtShe tells her

remaintelling a story

aof Republicanism

bint'I.

must

identity.0ne

straight

with emotions

lrelandend， dazed，anxious，worrjed
decidesneighborhood，terror，drops

Who

young

autobiography，

with

job

in

a writerprize｡

with lrish Nationalism.He

is a metaphor

up

mistakenbadly.Then

aboutstrongho】d¨the grim

workedin anyhis

famny

to bgcome

MCCourtls

a familythat

actuaHya working‑classa schoolteacher，

the

the

to whatdecidedmother.But

the Pulitzer

views

British， their names

spirit of compromise，Bogle'scomplex

mind

into

useless

Falls Road，

sympathies

tries to caH

him

into

rarelyalmostlike Ripley

won

born

soldier.He

wasdespiteis similarof Frankbornslum， became

ultimately

fact

intellectual

age of six andalso

ex‑IRAmotherin a Limerick

Ripley Bogle
and

was
an

an

was

growthmaterial

which

Wilsonat thewas

Col匈g,2μ2002j

However，it

Copperfield

father.The

autobiography

such

David

fatherRipleythe

to bebackground.

j4s力es(1996).MCCourt

background.His

Bogle

grows

life.Even

Belfast， heread

born

Bogle

inteHectual

Bz必曲目ｻﾞB叩戸Ｕ咄Jgrs的佃㎡or

blame
becauseshouldnotbeitis the conflictto the present‑day

Troubles

in

−−65

１

別府大学短期大学部紀要

第21号(2002)

NortheΓn lreland｡
lt
i s interesting to note
community，has

sympathies

thing in Ulster.

They

on frominhabitantsof Northern

the province

cause.

the peacean sides"(10).As

says/IThe

British were

the Nationalist
onto a very bad

civn war and if they stayed they

he points out here， as long as the majority of thelreland wantbecauseto remain

the unionist

British，the British should

cause

looks

British soldiers are to be sympathizedof the province.

says， frommany

further sympathies

But

they 'lgetcrappedsides of bothas legitimate

with.They

not withdraw

as the Nationalist

on¨，ifnot from

Catholic andProtestantin Palestine.He

says

lndians

andpakjstanis anda11 sides as Ripley

communities.He

with other race conflicts

perfect.

and thel'noble'li n theirenough， he adds:

Ofcourse， 7jlrje/】jccouがlslike Amritsar， 81oody
But nobody's

showsthat of the jews

that the British are 'lphilanthrophic'land

attempts to settle those conflicts.However，provocatively

didn't help.

are there to maintainwith the British by citing their involvementsin the world; the conflict between
Arabs

He

he is fromlf the British leaves the North and lets it unify with the South， civilwar wiH surely

break out.The

Bogle

with Britain.

thoughcouldn't win: if they left there wasgot crappedfromthat Ripley Bogle， even

Sundayand lhe veldt Camps

lt's hard to like the British but l try. (11)(ltalicsmine)
By comparing

these tragedies to ¨nttlehiccoughs"， Ripley Bogle

are not worth

thinking of gravely

insensitive to regard
Wilson ls novels
make

and

these awful massacres

express

their provocative

their provocativenessmorelreland.He

entersas suchviews

views of them

university， andare trying

desperately

comrades.At

to attachCambridge

he prefers to remain

to his fellow students， disobeys

university.

ln a paragraphoffensiveness，NVHson
persuades

the reader

from the Cambridgein which

employsthemselvesa rough

his lecturersa Cambridgeas those of

by its snobbery.

He

SCOrnS their SnobbiSh

to large

lrishman.
andthat his views

scholarship.He
groups

He

finds

that

of theircan not adjustat last drops

professor warns

personificationthat itis absolutely impossible

out of the

Ripley Bogle about his

so effectively that

his description

for Ripley Bogle to liberate himself

tradition of elitism:

As the old bloke spoke， the very roommuster its ancient strengthpΓice
v arsity Rebels?
reedy hymnskillsin rhetoric

are as complex

StUdentS.He

of any l'modish'l current in politics，art，fashion andthe students

himself

is toocharacters in

Wilson's

he is puzzled

obServeS¨1ittle perSOnality and nO SOUIIlin hiS fenow
supporttrivialerrors.The

open】y，andthat it is hard to like the British shows

sympathetic.His

Cambridge

to say that theyevident｡

However，Ripley Bogle's remarkof the British are not always

means

tries to tolerate Britainls brutalities.lt

Hardlyandcomeitself，
that dusty wooden

brownly

to his aid.Bravo!

used‥‥‥ln the rich paled andof the past， aH the legioned−66

cavern seemed
Encore!

toWhatpaling light l heard thehistory at the old man'sside.

l felt less

Bz必曲目ｻﾞB叩戸jmomentous.
poshery.

lltwasnltTradition
thoseshouldn't
right

troopsout、guys

to whomdeadreally

the

have

and

been

surelyCulturethisfucking

they

about

wouldn't

Commandos.l

room

had

Lj池Jgr吻/7u･･･〕r Col匈g､2μ2002jaccess

and

with

an

stand

this

for

sensedthepower.

(12)

wen‑establishedit.

Theyldwide

panorama

get

the
of

aH

The profeSSOrIS room， the univerSityIS paSt，and its traditjon and CUltUre are personified.
Those

personified objects look like a great tΓoop of soldiers who

Bogle in an instant.
society of human

Nowthat RipleyBogle

finds himself

beings， he leaves the university andexplains the reason

why

he chooses

The nicest thing about London

Londonbecomesfor his vagabondis that London

attempt to crush Ripley

unableto join any

a trampdoesn't care.lnof my country， by its mulch
wiH play ball if you

mostlypopulates

dreams， despair or sontude.ln

Londonyourremains

city and should

ln this paragraph，unmolested.

be loudly commended.

Wnson

that London

life becauseof the liberty，coolness

and

and

did meof it reveals

her to terminate

the Childbirth.He

the city canwΓong by making

effect in

girl.His

him.ThenmeattribUteS

an lrishman‥‥Ilm
are

world

and

js a victim of circumstance，

andvery intense.

motherentering

Cambridge

is violently opposed， andRipley Bogle leaves his house

but has a miscarriage.

has happened

offer him.He

lrelandappearsthat Ripley Bogle

gets pregnant

and slang whata strong

nationhOOd'I(14)andhis skiHs in rhetoric.Before

his uncle even ↑hreatens to kneecap

words

of loneliness yeton the part of any

his narrative hasmine.'I(15)Theof them

university，he fallsin love with a Protestantextravagant

behaviour

solitariness which

fault，notBoglels accusation

love with the girl.She

spur

(13)

world

Another incident also manifests
description

andis the fittestplace for Ripley Bogle to lead his tramp

practically faultless…,lt's lrelandls
personified and Ripleyof nationhood

the effort but the city

dark suit striped with ancient grey

himSelf aS 'la ViCtim of CirCUmStanCe， timing andevery sin to lreland， saying "Themakethe pleasant

is admirable

personifies London

the reader

Wilson's

provokespolite but distant.This

persuading

regardS

lt

He

Belfast l was fettered

its austere， parental beauty.
wiH leave you

in London.

life:

like all the lrish by the soft mastery
Londonformalbetween

Ripleythem.He

stuck a long‑handled

paintbruSh

and

makes

Bogle recounts

withsays that he helped
up her 'ltwat'la ndIIrooted aroundfor abOUt

fifteen minuteS

l'alot of mucky

stuff cameout amongst

lUmpS.'1(16)He

goeS On Saying that he eVen tried tO "rogerll her right after the abortionandthe gir1 Went ¨potty'ISUbSeqUently.

一一
Shoving， poking，plUnging，Cranking,
which

xyith

there were

one

'I

or two encouraging

that Ripley

Bogle is indeed

circumstaneof his own

birth has led him to regard the childbirth as only scornful.

lnher article on Glenn
AliagaPattersonls

a victim of circumstance.

召『njjlg yorown(1989)andgives an iHuminating

birthplaces of both protagonists

littlethiS rhetoriCa1 Strategy，XVilSOn perSUadeS

the reader｣8ogje，EstherThenanalysisof thehave on their growths.(17)Mal−67−

lt seems

that theWilson's

R/μey

fatal effects which

theis born into the Loyaljst，
１別府大学短期大学部紀要
communityonandboth boys

第21号(2002)

Rjpley Boglejnto

the Nationanst'la series of expectations

they attempt

they haveto mix with the other community

sees in Mal's strange

community.

Theircommunities

imposeto live up to'I，as Aliaga puts iti

Butagainst those expectations， as the reader

friendship with a Cathonc

boy， Francy

Hagan， andRipley Bogle's

love with the Protestantgirl.Patterson

and VVilson describe both boys' failures in theirattempts andthe reader

theypersuadedifference，however，between
circumstance，Ripley

that

are

victims of circumstance.There

their life courses.AfteΓfinding

Bogle leaves his community

to becomePattersonls novel ends with an implication that Maos

VVilsonattempts

to portrayA/la71かed″s
Pa珀，Manfred
happy.

His

for the beating.

As

when

father beaten
army

and

he is overheard
in the wartime

marriedviolently.Emma
week

and

Manfredleaves Manfred

meet in Hydeand eventuaHy

尺φjey召ｏ一e.The
Thisnevv

Park

soon

but doesonce

observes

muchof themwaspainting， he pointed

hard

by hisalso sees his
joins the British
a Jewishgirl，

his wifetalk on the phone

once

a

pain begins to torment

to cultivate 'lnew terrainl≒as Gerald
reserved

and

Gogh

there

implausible

Manfred's

tearful begging

of forgivenessFor

sex with him

difficultto believe that Emma

wouldlnspite of these defects， howeveΓ，this novel does
admitsdescription of Manfred
descriptionofexample，"painll glOWEmma

is moved

by

after

the reader here.

dealing

the brutality，butcherywiththe war， Wilson

and insane

away

the deadcorpses

Gavin

Burke

is as grim

workingin a morguehorrors

of war.

and truthful asin The Emperor

descriptions of battnng soldiers，both
−
−68

(19).

after she is violently

not try to divorce Manfred

dearingof dramatical

his painting ofcontain descriptions which reveal

that， in the chapter¨shockingly succeeds'l in rendering

this novel with van

ManfredIS

andbeing beaten repeatedly， and M/ilson also failsto convince

xyilson's talents.lmhof

comparing

events.
has

cynicism.

that Manfred， Emmasuccessfully makes

Certainly

are several

andcited the novells lack ofcommented

to life¨.Byout that，while vanobscenityof reviewers

lmhof， who

Daweserious in this novel than inless extravagance，

glOW， VVilSOn failS to makeCrea771(1965).lnstead

grows

starts beatinga mysterious

A numberRudigerthe other characters ¨hardly ever come

Brian Moore's

He

ManfredManfreda pair of 'IWen‑WOrn'l bOOtS

The

over him

his father slapped

not divorce.They

narrative style is more
readerisnever forgives him

the war， he marries

a month.Then

reserve Mlas not weU‑received.

beaten by him.lt

motherhis marriage.

after andto be Wilson's attempt

persuasiveness.0ne

Gogh'sHis

beat his motherdies as a result.

This novel seems
put it，(18)VVilson's

sees
about

ltaly.After

life crumbles

novel，

has to work ¨hard and bitterlyin

feeble，her supremacy

Manfredtalkingandin his second

learns thal his father once

discrimination against the Jews.

fights against Germany

Emma.Their

his motherold andruefuHyin London， whileparents' married lifeis far fromher not long after their marriage.

his father becomes

he is totally l'powerless to resist".

motherandvictim of circumstancemight survive'I. Manfredin his attempt to subdue

a trampis aa victim of

Hkely to return to his community･

is a Jew born in London.His

father failsin his business， andorder that the famnyandanotherhimself

of lce‑novelists give

Bldktinaccounts
Gavin

of
and

the

dead

Manfredcorpsesdrinklittle effect.But

their

and

whiskybossespeopleandtea

coldlybid

of B即pu

who

work

give

fortitude

to

them

Γeturntobiting did not refresh， as had the tea.Gavinthrew up， the tea coming

up too.

The

incidents

surrounding

Wilsonnarrates innocent

Emmalives in Prague

Emmalsandinvolvement

But

invasion.

of the German

however，the
home

she

and

her

They

family is forced to movewith a loaf of bread， the German

Rachel，pitifully enough， responds
spoil their good
Rachel bends
her headhumour.

But

carnage.

Bothhearts，butjobs.Moore

what youin the war

accounts:

whisky， stΓong andalso expose

two

sharp

sisters， Dana

and

and

on the pavement.

start inflicting

Rachel， are barely

joyously.

Soon

Emma

and play catch with it.

themtime they throw it becauseof themcrushesMoreover，

andafter，

soldiers grab it from

Rachelgo

she does not want

the breadwith his boot.

to pick it up， the soldier violently kicks her face.Shesmacksits brutality.

contrasts.VVhne

the city andplay innocently

heaving，

similarly sick.

have to d011.(20)with shockingly
invadewithto a Jewish ghetto.When

each
one

the
feeblestudent， Geary，wasin her childhood， the Germans

conscious

COUeRe,21(2002)

swallowed， then，his stomach

medicalbrutal incidents

brutalities on the Jews.

away

to theira swig¨.The

IIYOulllget uSed to itll，
V VillieadviSed.'INow，here's

The

c】ear

to their

IIHere'I，Freddy
said，passing the whisky/'Have

Uniersi匈lunioy

is thrown

to

VVhen

back

he spits thickly on her face.Sheanddies afew days later｡
Wilsonls shocking
is reminiscentof Brian

Slaleme月1(1995).lt

VVar H andthe abuse

described fromnovel，thoseregardcommandant，
on

Jews

who

who

inflictsit.

the abuseis infHctedfromVVi】son'sdescription as more
xVnson'slnbrutal andMoore's

kms

14

nove1， thoseonfight for the Resistence，

and

it is

0n the other hand， in VVnson's

are female

the viewpoint

in his novel，771e

pierre Brossard， who

him.

male

it is describedinflict on the Jewsof similar incidents

the Jews' revenge

is inflicted arecorrect concerningwar.

description

the viewpoint of Brossard
on whom

powerless，and

Moore's

is a story of a French

Jews in the Worldwhom

description of the brutalities that the Germans

Jews

who

are innocent

andthe reader

mayof Emma.Therefore
shocking.

Rudiger

portrayal of the brutality，butchery

lmhoflscommentisand insane

horrorsofltis shockingly successful in spite of the defects elswhere in this novel｡
The other notable description which

Manfredls

grim solitude andeffectivelyto emphasize

decay

after Emma

his solitude.To

description Wilson gives is remarkably
Death seemed
and

The

old manprey to its ephemeral

decay.

shared

now

easy.

was

sentiments.Theirhostile.Deathrepresents

VVnsonls

leaves him.

reveal Manfred's

skillsin rhetoric is that of
M/ilson uses personification

depressed

mood， the foHowing

effective:
felt himself closing lifein common
muchof it. AIl they

the late‑evening

dramaof twoold fools swapping

their ruinous

joint conclusions

werefitting.

The years to comeseemedNeitherof themhad

madewith the century

wereblunt andeasy. (21)−69−１

別府大学短期大学部紀要

第21号(2002)

perSOnifiCation iS applied tO 'lthe20th Centuryl'.The
Manfredls

nfe overlap eachby his ruined
Londonhopes

other.Manfred's

for his own

streets to emphasize

Dawn.London
warmthlesswasrufousanddeplorable.The

eversorry but without good

Dawn.The

to be portraying

street was

pickedpersonified Lagangrim and depreSSedup

perSOnSTo

his paceand itls aboutrichly Dickensianlthe
2 0th CentUry¨anda paragraphgurgled and bubbled

as thoughit，too，werehow

is pointed

in

】oud，
drunk.

bridge.¨（23）Thedrunk

Chuckie is.

to his "old terrain'≒in whichhenovel in terms ofthis novel，which

Belfast nove1¨(25)，thereader

observesEdnaalmostnovel， and finds that Belfast is as

in terms of the possibilitiesof fictionalrepresentation.M/ilsonlsof Belfast in this novel is different fromaccusation

Caned

Belfast finaHy'I｡(24)ln

events as in a Charles Dickens

rich as London

Londonreturn to this terrain turns out to be a

as many

andlugubrious.

words， this is ¨a big 19th‑century

Long】ey terms 'lthemost
characters

to all the headaches

to cross the jntoxicatedSrreel， VVilson returns

use M/ilson's own

size，with lots of charactersthe streets into thebring to mind

at the Lagan， which

fuH use of hjs rhetorical strategy.The

great success.

andBridge has a strong effect on emphasizing

lnhis third novel， ￡ureia
makes

bedraggled

his feet，the bridge felt unsteadyFrightened，Chuckieemphasizedis also applied to

excuse. (22)￡『eia Srreer:: ¨IChuckie Lurgan』wincedUnderrubbedthoughts turned.The use of personjfication in these paragraphs

bright water.

are doubly

Personificationsun

tinge of shaving r8sh and Manfredls
had.

and that of

their grimness:he hadILondonl

solitude and decay

life ajld the century.

seemedVVi1SOn SeemS

closing of the century

that of the city in Rjpley Bogle.

at Belfast in Rφjey召o一e，theportrayal

Whilecity is describeda directwith satire，

caricature and， most significantly，with love in Eure灸a Slreer‥
The novePs
twosetting is Belfast immediately

protagonists

Lurgan，a

are JakeProtestant who

Troubles is observed
Engnshgirl caned

lreland.Thenthoughbefore and after the Ceasefire in 1994.1ts

Jackson， a Catholic who
lives in Eureka

Hves in Poetry

Street.They

are close friends.A

in the stoΓy of Jake Jackson's love affairs.He

Sarah.But

the girlleaves

Jake meets a waitress caned

she loves a man

who

works

him because

Mary.

She

for the RUC.

0ne

she

eveningbeats him out of a grudge

serious.Then

he meets a girl with a strong faithin Republicanism
assault.He

andsatire on theused to live with anhates living in Northern

the poljceman

against him，FortunatelyJake's

explains that itis purely a personalof police brutality against Catholics.However，thegirl would

policemanls

A few days later，the召ejy1∃sr
N ews

assault upon

Jake.lt

says:

−70

−

comes

to

injuries are notand talks to her aboutaffair and never an act

not believe what Jake says，

exclaims that police brutality against Catholics will go on until the wholelreland is united.

Chuckieagrees to have sex with him even

Jakels flatandthe policemanls

Street andcountryofLelrer publishes an article about theB一一7ロザB叩一1J㎡ars卯7niar
Republicanagitators

brutality

againstyear‑olddebt

assaulted
who

a South

broke

into

accusedBelfastcounseHor

earlier

Jackson's

have

and

this month

his home

injuries

were

the

man.TheRomanbyof conducting
accusationsaa numberandof uniformed

hours
that

of thecampaign

concern

Catholic.A11egedly，Mrin the early
seriousRUC

butmorning.

he is current】y

Cd9□μ2QQ2J

Jake

Jackson，

a 29‑

Jacksonwas

off‑duty

policeofficers

claimedthat Mr

Sourcestooof police

frightened

seriously

to talk to thepress.(26)Here

Wilson gives a harsh satire on both Republicanism

RUC

policeman， the bigotted Republican

report.

WHson

newspaper

girl andandthe newspaper

cynically refers to the 召e7珀sr Newsthat hadbeen

printing soundly

unionismthroughthe pitiful

giving the distorted

Lerler as 'la soundly

Protestant

news

for two

Protestanthundred

and

fifty

years"(27).
The newspaper

also publishes the comment

fictionalized Sinn Fein.The
leader llJimmy Eve'l and
Adams

and

a Republican

Heaney.

Jakea false charge

poet ¨Shague

Ghinthoss¨are"inappropriately famOUS'l and WriteS abOUt llfrogS，hedgeSand long‑handled

cynically that， although

English love him because
Throughthey havethe poet is 'la vaguely

accurate.

Northern

am not Seamus

He

makes

lreland's

metaphoricallynoWilson's caricatures

shouldhis descriptionsof Heaney

present

Republjcanism

would

would be morepersuasive.

However，except
has invented
Lurgan's

and

Adams

a caricatureare quite funny

hasof Northern

two

love

he reaches

a big money.

ln

and

are

or

Certainly

owing

to hisa caricatureof

his accusationofAdams， the other stories VVilsoncompelling.

contradictoryhas never worked

amusingisabout

his satire on the Troubles

The

story

of Chuckje

imp】ications; a mockery

lreland and a sincere hopeor a deep love of them.Jake
But， when

and

the

symboHcallyobjects.

paisely， too.Thenfor the caricatures of Heaney

enterpriseconcerns

entirely. lf he makesof lanvoices hisview of Heaney

grave

the poet tries to present

in pubs

every day.

Heaneyls

be on a par with that of Loyalism， andpoliticaHy divided peopleof fuckers¨
enough， thatnot going to ignoreof those landscape‑related

not be accepted

for caricature， satire andbusiness'labunch

HeaneyII(28)，However，Wnsonls

effort to understandskillsin rhetoric， but they can
Adams，heCatholic¨，thelrelandls politicalsituation.VVilson
intervieW， Saying/IIlm

political situation， which

throughisthose 】andscape‑related objects and a hatred for the English

and avoids dealing seriously with Northern

politicalquestions.lheSpadeSII.He

anti‑English

a real appetite for heaΓing whatview Straightforwardly in an かjs力羽meS

not

that

the caricature of Heaney， VVilson aHeges， provocatively

the poet writes only about

is a
party

caricatures of GeΓΓyof Ghinthoss

they are.

says

against the RUC.The

scornfuHy

also says

Seamusof a politicalparty "Just us"，whichparty also makesof thefor their reconciliation，

a day since he wasborn， and is drinking

the age of lhirty，he resolves to workand makeorder to raise funds for his business， he attempts to cheat Northernlrish people out of their money.
sale of "giant dildos11.HeHe

succeeds

puts up a false advertisementin cheating morein a newspaper

than four thousand

Northern

for the
lrish

− −71

１

別府大学短期大学部紀要
peopleandfunds

for his business， he visits a government

investment

earning第21号(2002)

in Northern

projects andgrant.

than forty thousand

lrelandnever‑intended

Througha mockeryan American

love，expands
Thereforegirl who

his businessin cheating

Northernby implying

set up to encouragethem

poHtically.While

works

and

of non‑existentandlrish people

that they cangaining a huge

are easily cheated，

be cheatedengagedcommonly

her father.He

creates jobs for Northern

for the benefit of Northerneven

in a series of cheating，

inherited a large fortune fromwith her money

his plot eventuany

he wants to gain moreindustrial board

succeeds

story in whichof themthey are irretrievably devided

he meets

pounds.Then，asand， with fiery eloquence， talks to themideas. He

this amusing

xyilson makes
thoughmorewins herlrish people，lreland. Wilson describes

Jakels emotion:

HelJake]was
projects would

confident that his pragmaticsilence Jimmy

enoughblanketarrangefor the odd

work

as warm

here andto the city single‑handed.

He

stΓategy is observed

comparing

ideology

andldeology

Lurgan， would

here

in thefoΓm of metaphor

to the two different blanlets，Wilson

lreland"UVFIl and 'IUDA'I.0ne

day， a new

the province.People

wonderTaste

Toomight havemore

the endnervousabout

the same

been

the

and

prize‑winning

makes

dear

his

'IOTG'l begins to appear

variousresponsible

the Troubles

and

come

to a

also suspect

explosion in a sandwich
readeΓbecomes

when

more

bar，

curiousthe mystery is disdosed

feel that he or she has been

tactful as COlin Batemanls

throughout

Genocide， 0melettes

speculations， people

for the bomb

mystery，However，
may

Try

paramilitary organization.People

the novel progresses.theOTG

of a three‑letter

made

at

a fool of by theby the igenius plot VVilson invented.

VVilson's plot in the OTG

plot in the "DIVORCE

mysteΓy is as

jACK'l mysteryin hisnovel， JDjvorcjng ,/ad((1994).

Another story which reveals xyilsonls skm in rhetoric is that of a bomb
sandwichbar， whichtragedy.

Thechapterof a 26‑year‑old woman
past week.She

again.Byof three‑letter graffitilike "IRA"，

for， 0rangemen

time，the reader is impressed

This is a bitter satjre on
ingenious

three‑letter wordof a newof the novel， the reader

author.At

sees a number

Green， etc.After

which l will refer to later.As
and

one

what it stands

that it is the namethat the OTG

bring backlreland.

"OTG'I . ln Northern

Good， 0xford's

could

prosperity to bring about peace

VVi1SOnISS kin in rhetoriC iS alSO apparent in the Story of the mySteryconclusion

Eve

be a hero.(29)

belief that pontical jdeology is less useful ↑han economic

word

was a thickas employment，

there but he， Chuckie

rhetoricalemployment

or sustaining

would

Wilsonls

and stabilityto Northernof massive job‑creation

Evels feeble ideological spoutings.

but it wasnlt
bomb

announcement

kills17 people，Metaphor

works

describing the incident opens
caHed

RosemaryDaye.

it will delight her boyfriend.She

has beenvery effectively to emphasizewith a long andShegoes into her favoΓitedress‑shop

has smoked

− −72

the

detailed description

three cigarettes for theand tries on a skirt.She

conscious

explosion in aassumesthatof her hair‑style since the age ofBuUehthirteen

andShe

thinks

She

also

in

the

spent

thatjfahead.She
to

here

her
But，

steps

under

his

arm

that

bomb

which

terrorists

bomb

explosion

the

the

dead

to

stories.They
or

and

in

long

novelseach

Pelaschiar

isdescriptions

the

right
of

the

and

The

implies

end

when

she

horrorbyone

VVilsongives

extremely

andcomments
bomb

their

VVilsonls
ever

his

contradictoryof the

short

with

innocenta

many

servestobuild‑Laurais ¨oneinofhundred

Therefore

appear

a

more
lives

werenlt

rich

an

than

the

eight

a

of theit reveals】ives were

account
tobylife inlikensthey

sharp.

what

effeCtnovels，

portrayal

totragedy

metaphoΓalso

shockingly

that

a

But

bomb.The

explosion

of

kmed

becausestories.

to thewonderstrongerprofound，delightfulthat， thoughshattered

is

had

to

also

a

her

remarks

been
thetragedyto let
for

has

a

one

description

womanlsthesuddendoor

likelyshehaS

herself.
past

open

innocent

existingl'

aH

the

intensifies

end.VVilsonanovels，

contrast

brutalthenkeVVilsonis mostemphasizing'ITheybeen

thamks.The

to

says:

have

some

narrative

Stopped

come

at
door

explosion.Thenclosedherself.

is quarter

the

that

like

woman

lt

stops

discovers

it has

a

to

holds

readersoon

thatkiHed¨inabruptly

tragedy.
ofmurmurbomb

bar.XVilson's

fact

metaphor

were

the
that

the

life hasshould

to

with
have.

bar.Shehe

COUege,21(2002)

is beginning

may

her，

the

expression/IShe

more'I(31).Thisemphasize

turnsUn柘e7siり11doy

sex

they

sandwich

expectsheto have

noticesreaderthe'lshe waslike
futureheandRecently

existing'｢(30).The

placedwomanlsexperiences，they

as

The

reveals

like

might

of theto"stoppedit.

favoritereaderwoman.

metaphoriCal

thal

pages

this

and

expression

17

the

she

to

vividly

she

to

leads

on

and

by，

happened

directman，boyfriend
goes

has

instant.The

a

money

pass

never

suddenly

of

man

young

up

lot

were

of herafternoon.She

go

up

a

she

thinkshandsome

quite

has

of Beppu

oftheNorthern

best
lrish

nove円32)｡

He

Jake

jackson

says

that

bombing

in

When

the

expresses
healwayswants

sandwichthe bad

bar

to

leave

sentiments
Belfastwhen

things happened， l always

Likewantedeveryoneandand its citizens weremild and lovablesorrow.

readerday to day.

as chndren'I(34).Throughout

ways， as seen

feels as if Belfast were

ltsearth is richly sownnarratives，of stories.Present

love.

every week

lt wasneverwalking in the street
wasonly half awake
the nove1， VVilson

in the expression: ¨Belfast wasa humanbeing with emotions

with its many

The
dead.

tense， past tense or future.The

this paragraph， VVilson tries to emphasize
is an ordinary city，like many

terroristtheto.(33)

VVilson also likens Belfast to a novel and says/I

itsliving citizens.

and

like

got this feeling twice a week

feels affection for them， saying/'Belfast

personifies Belfast in various: hatredthingsafter voicing this hatred for the city，he sees people

in the early morning

awake¨.The

Belfastto leave and let Belfast rot.This

here， 1 1ived in Belfast fromfirm.l always stayed but l never reaHy wanted

However，soonbadhappen.

was what livingin this place was all about.lof the year.

about
the

cityls surface is thick withThe

dty is a repository ofcity is a novel.I'(35)ln

that，despite its long troubled

other citiesin the world， where

only halflike joy andinnocent

history，Belfast
people live and

− −73

１

別府大学短期大学部紀要
die.Hiscomparison

第21号(2002)
ofBelfast to a novel also reveals his love of the city

【M】ostof all、cities are meetingnarratives、endlessly complex
a narrative that would

ln the above
love

men

and women

there are

The most humdrumof themconstitutes

defeat Tolstoy at his best andparagraphs，of the city has

places of stories.The

and intriguing.

metaphor

surpassed

serves to makehis hatred

most voluminous.(36)clearM/ilson's love of Belfast.His

at last.

rhetorical strategy， that Belfast is 'IEverycitylland

He

successfu11y

shows， with his

its inhabitantsare ¨Everymanll，asrhetoricalThis

Pelaschiar put it｡
There is anotherevidence

Eure支a Srreer， opens
mayassumewith the sentence/'All

also about

various

Lurganandnovel，

the American

readerstories of love between

love stoΓiesare told about Jake Jackson

Chuckiestrategy.

stories are love stories11(37).The

that the stories told in this novel are

and women.Certainly

COmeSof x¥ilson's ingenius

men

and the English girl，andgir1.Unexpectedly，however，thereaderto diSCOver that the beSt love Story t01d in thiS novel iS that of the aUthorIS IOve

for his native city，Belfast.ln
discusses

ThomasMann'shis essay on 】iterature，771eSrory召昭治s(1999)，Amos
novel，7771e C71osen.(38)The

entitled "X¥ho TOIls the BeHs?'I.The

reader assumes

will toH the be11.However，Mann
tol】eris an lrishman
tactfully as Mann
deep

love

Northern

caHed

Clemence.lyilson

cheatsof his novel.

his sincere

hope

The

oz

starts with a chapterthat itis l'thespirit of the storyllthat

tactfuUy chetas the reader

does the readerof Belfast and

novel

and

discloses that the be11‑

the reader

reader wmof 召ljreAraSlreer as

be impressedby Wilson's

for a solution to the sectarjan

conflict inlre】and｡

John Bayley， husband(1960)that

the authorof the late lris Murdoch，

whobest loves his own

claims in 771e C力araderscharactersof Loveis the best on love.(39)ln

Bayleyls defjnition，Wilson would

be one of the best authors on love.EureλΓa Srreer is no

doubt a 'IQuality Street'≒as Edna

Longley

put it.

AHaga(40)，Glennln

an interview

opposedto somewith

Estherpeople's view that Northern

about after the Ceasefire in 1994.He
stm be enoughmorematerial that wasintersting fiction about

turnedandDeirdresuccessfuny
appearedwould

be written afterwards.

lrish nove】istsproved

value andPattersonls

His remark

Pajn， Moorels

7771eSrareme71r
Patterson

yoljr own

werenovels on the Troubles

VVilsonls JEureja Slreel， Madden's

have

oneby

771e /斑emalj凹a/(1999)｡

significance of the three novels Robert−74

of theto be capab】e of dealing with

Sro71e (1992)show.And，aswritten in the midst of the Troub】es，important
them

that he wasnothing to write

ended， there would

Rφ7ey召ｏｇ７ｅａｎｄＰａｔｔｅｒｓｏｎ'ｓ
召urn珀gsince the Ceasefire.Amongojle jn 哨ejDa4ness(1996)andThe

the Troubles

Re771ej址･e池堆石肋land

M/iisonls

havealso predicled that somethe Troubles， as VVi】son'sMan/red's

Madden's

predicted，whileremarked

said that，even if the Troubles

of interst to them.He

out to be correct.Northernother subjects thanPatterson

lrish novelists would−

MCLiamVVilson has publishedBuUehlie in thefact

that， throughdiversityandpossibilities

talented

young

novelists

less distinguishedhis remarkable
thatskills in rhetoric，Northernlrish

are likely to invaljdatein fiction thanin poetryof Beppu U必ersi吻luior

fiction

the

and

they

possesses，

popularview

COUege,21(2002)

representX¥ilsontheandthat NoΓthern

rich
other

lrelandisdrama.

Notes

田

Ｌａｕｒａ Ｐｅｌａｓｃｈｉａｒ，Ｗ河lj･ng tt】eNc〕r171; 7力ｅ Ｃｏ耐emporary

Edizioni

parnaso，(2)Richard
Expazlded

lnNort/】erjl jreja71d(Trieste:1998)，p.13.

PineバWilson，Robert
Edj･tion，M−Z，ed.by(3)Edna

Novej

MCLiam(1964−)'I，Dictionary

Hogan(Westport:

Greenwood，RobertLongley， IIQuality Street'I，Fortnight，0ctober(4)Aceording

to thewebsitel'Eirdata"of lrish Liter8ture;･

Rev･･seda71d1996)，p.1255.

1996， n0.354，p.34.

(http://www.pgil‑eirdala.org)．the.novel.was.translated.into

French.by.Brice.Matthieussent.and.puhlished.by.Editions.Christian.Bourgois.in.1997.
.(5)Robert.MeLiam.Wilson．
㈲

The

oxford(7)According(8)Ripley

RjpjeyEnglishj9ogje (1989; rpt.，London:

Dictk)nary，Second

Edition(1989;

to "Eirdat8'I，he remarked

vintage， 1998)，p.101.

rpt.，0xford:

it in an interview

withRlgaroClarendon，1991)，p.857.
Magaz訥e，August，1998.

Rogle， p.38.

(9)/1)jd.
(肩治jd.，p.111.

(川

珀jd.

(12)71〕jld.，p.250.
(13)7bjd.，p.324.
(14)71〕jd.，p.326.
(15)71〕jd.
(16)71〕jd.，p.313−314.
(17)Esthera place

AliagaRodorigo，

to Fit in Gienn

proceedjngs

I'TeH Me

patterson's

Where召urnjngo/ 1力e xjxt力む11e771aljonaj

Co

You

Were

yi]ur

｢erence

ow71

Born

and

and

Robertl Wmoた4edea71，ed.by

Tell You
MCLiamWho

You

Wilsonls

Javier perez

GuerraAre:

Finding

Rjlpjey月o一el'，(Universidadede vig0， 1996)，pp.105−110.
(18)Gerald

Dawelsreviewof Ma｢red's

ｊ９
ｊ０
ｊ１
ｊ２
ｊ３
ｊ４
・
25http://www.︲︲︲ｐ

Rudigar lmhof's review oi Manfred's
Brian Moore， 7?le Emperor
Robert MCLiam

Pa池771e

Ljlne/I Haj7Revjew，vol.10，N0.1，Summer

1993，

pain，Ibid.，p.29.

of 7ce‑Creaz71(1965; rpt.，London: paladin，1988)，p.234.

Wilson.Manfred｀spain (London:

Picador， 1992)，p.5.

Ibid.，p.124.
Robert MCLiam

Wilson， Ere尨SIreel(1996;

rpt.，London: Minerva， 1997)，p.23.

Eileen Battersbyls interview with Robert MCLiam

Wilson.The

lri･s力刀mes，May，1992.Quotedbypelaschiar in Writing the North， p.22.
(25)Edna(26)励rejca

Longley， 'IQualityStreetII，
F ortnight，N0.354，Octoher

1996， p.34.

SIreer， p.148.

(27)Ibild.
(28)Battersby's
Heaney、see(29)励rej(ainterview with Wilson.Quoted

also "The GlitteringPrizel

by pelaschiar，p.22.As

regards Wilson's criticism of、Fortnight、N0.344、November 1995、 pp.23−25

SIreel、 p.381.

(30)加d.、p.222.
−75−

１