Contents
Unit 1

Basic math terms

math8

Unit 2

Atoms and radiation

chemistry

12

Unit 3Forces and movement

physics

18

Unit 4

Algebramath

24

Story 1

Nihonium		

28

Unit 5

Solids, liquids and gases

chemistry

30

Unit 6

Electricity

physics

36

Unit 7

Geometrymath

42

Story 2

Artificial photosynthesis 		

46

Unit 8Chemistry in everyday life

chemistry48

Unit 9Energyphysics

54

Unit 10

Statistics and probability

math

60

Story 3

The Nobel Prize 		

64

Unit 11Acids, alkalis and esters

chemistry

66

Unit 12

Waves

physics

72

Unit 13Differentiation and integration

math78Story 4

Olympic medals		

82

Glossary		84本書の構成
本教科書は、数学 (math)、化学 (chemistry)、物理 (physics) の科目を題材として 13 編のユニットから構成されています。また科学関連の話題 (story) を 4 編添えています。

各ユニットの構成
1

Key words 基本語句

1
Aims		

学習目標を明確にする

2
Vocabulary in use		

関連する語句を確認する

1
1

Key words
Keywords 基本語句

基本語句を理解する

2

Listening quiz
Listening
quiz 聞いて問題を考えよう

内容を聞いて考える

3
Topic (math, chemistry, physics)		

読んで分野の内容を考える

4
Quiz (math, chemistry, physics)		

分野の知識を確認する

5
The languageof math,chemistry, physics		
2
Listeningquiz
聞いて問題を考えよう

分野の言語の特徴を理解する

6
Poster & presentation		知識をまとめ、コミュニケーションする

7
Self-assessment checklist		

学習理解を自己評価する

Story では、科学技術を身近な社会や文化と関連させて扱っています。

英語の学習到達目標
英語の学習到達目標は CEFR の６レベルを使って設定します。B1 以上を目標としましょう。
C2

英語を母語として使う人のレベル

C1

英検１級レベル、日本人学習者が最終的に目指すレベル

B2

英検準１級レベル、仕事や学習などで英語が使える大学卒業レベル

B1

英検２級レベル、日常的に英語が使える大学生レベル

A2

英検３級レベル、慣れた状況ではふつうに英語が使える高校生レベル

A1

中学生レベル、基本的な英語が使える初学者レベル

あなたの到達目標レベルを設定しましょう。
聞く

読む

話す（発表）

話す（会話）

書く

本教科書を使った学習展開について
いわゆる理系の学習ほど英語が大切な分野はありません。数学、物理、化学などの基本言語は英語が主流です。科学技術も同様です。情報処理、宇宙工学、先端技術開発など、どの分野でも共通言語は英語であることが多くなってきています。しかし、使われる英語はとてもシンプルで、わかりやすく、日常生活や文化とかかわる言語のように複雑ではありません。本教科書でその基本を理解しましょう。
「為すことによって学ぶ (learning by doing)」ということを基本とした CLIL は、アクティブ・ラー
ニングに適切な学習です。教科書で使われている表現を理解しおぼえるという学習だけではなく、「英語を使って、考えて、コミュニケーションして、学習を発展させる」という活動の中で、言語だけでなく、内容を学びましょう。
ユニットやストーリーは、どこから始めても構いません。興味のあるテーマや内容から始めてもいいでしょう。そして、授業の中だけで終わらせる必要はありません。興味を持ったことを調べてみてください。

CLIL の学びの基本
学習にあたっては、次のことを心がけましょう。
・目標を明確にして、学ぶ内容に興味を持ち、評価する
・日本語に訳すことにこだわらず、意味を理解し、英語を自然に使う・自分の持っている知識を使って推測する
・英語の誤りを気にしないで、英語で意味を伝える
・互いに協力して教え合い・学び合う
・興味のあることは自分で調べ、わからないことは遠慮しないで質問する
・英語と日本語の両方を使い、意味のやりとりを意識する

1Basic math terms
基礎数学用語

1Aims このユニットの学習目標

To understand about basic math terms■ To learn words and phrases related to basic math terms■ To think about basic math terms■ To utilize concepts about basic math terms
■

2001
1-01

1

Vocabulary in use 関連語句：発音と意味を確認しよう
Key words 基本語句+addition

add, sum, plus, increase, total−subtraction

subtract, minus, decrease, take away, deduct

×multiplication

multiply, product, by, times, lots of÷division

divide, quotient, divisor, dividend, remainder

quotient
divisor002
1-022

Let’s divide 22 by 5.
The answer is 4, with 2 left over.

remainder
4 R2
dividend
5 22Terms

日本語

Related terms

fraction
decimal number
percentage
average (mean)calculation
probability
exponent

分数

denominator, numerator
decimal point, place value
one percent (1%), percentile, ratio
median, middle
calculate, multiplication tables, estimation
data, survey
base, power, index (indices)

小数パーセント
平均計算
確率指数

Listening quiz 聞いて問題を考えよう
Q Solve math problems.

003
1-031) Rounding()0042) The greatest common factor ()1-04

813005
1-05

Math topic 読んで考えよう

The Pythagorean theorem ピタゴラスの定理
Think How can you prove the Pythagorean theorem?
MathPythagoras is famous for what has become known
as the Pythagorean theorem. With this theorem, for
any right-angled triangle, the square of the length ofc

the hypotenuse, which means the longest side,b
Physics

aopposite the right angle, is equal to the sum of thesquare of the other two sides. The theorem can be
expressed as an equation:

a +b =c22Chemistry

2Of interest, Pythagoras and his followers did not realize an important point:
this equation also works for any shape. For example, the area of a pentagon on
the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the pentagons on the other two sides, as it

Storydoes for a semi-circle or any other regular or even irregular shape. The mostcommon (and simplest) example of a Pythagorean triangle has sides of 3, 4 and5 units.

3 +4 =52

2

2

After the development of basic arithmetic and geometry, the Pythagorean
theorem and the properties of right-angled triangles appear to be the mostancient mathematical development, as well as the most widespread. It was
found in some of the oldest mathematical texts from Babylon and Egypt, datingfrom over a thousand years earlier than Pythagoras. One of the simplest proofs
was found in ancient China and probably originatesabbefore Pythagoras’ birth. However, it was Pythagoras
who gave the theorem its clear-cut form.

bc

On the right is a diagram, which has four “abc”
triangles in it. Do you know how to prove thePythagorean theorem using this diagram?

accbcabaright-angled triangle 直角三角形 hypotenuse 斜辺 square 二乗 equation 方程式pentagon 五角形 arithmetic 算数 geometry 幾何学 proof 証明 clear-cut 明確な94Math quiz できるかな？

1) Is 20 a prime number or a composite number?
a) a prime numberb) a composite number

2) John’s apartment complex and Alex’s apartment complex have the same
number of apartments. However, John’s apartment complex is built in groupsof 8 apartments, while Alex’s apartment complex is built in clusters of 12. Whatis the smallest number of apartments that each complex could have?
a) 16b) 24c) 36d) 483) Five of the children in Ms. Green’s class like to play on the swings and 4 like toplay on the slide. Two children like to play on both the swings and the slide.
How many children like to play on the swings or the slide or both?
a) 2b) 5c) 7d) 94) Is (1, 7) a solution to the system of these equations? y = 4x + 3a) yes

y=x+6b) no5) What is the percent of change from 4,000 to 7,000?
a) 59% increaseb) 59% decreasec) 75% increased) 75% decrease6) This morning, Linda had $10 in her wallet. Then she got $70 in babysitting
money. Which integer represents how much money is in Linda’s wallet now?
a) 60b) 70c) 80d) 907) One marble jar has several different colored marbles inside of it. It has 1 red, 2green, 4 blue, and 8 yellow marbles. All the marbles are the same size andshape. If you take out a marble from the jar without looking, what is theprobability that you will NOT choose a yellow marble?
a) 8/15b) 7/15c) 7/8d) 8/78) What type of function does the graph show?
a) absolute valuec) inverse variation10b) quadraticd) square rooty（1,2）
Ox15The language of math 数学の言語の特徴を理解しよう

数学は簡潔で正確な言語で、記号がよく使われる。

Symbols・There are the 10 digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9・There are symbols for operations: +, - ...
・There are symbols that “stand in” for values: x, y, z, ...
・There are many special symbols: π = <, ≤, ...

例1

MathEquations
・An equation says that two things are equal. It uses an equal sign “=” likethis: x + 4 = 8・This equation says that what is on the left (x + 4) is equal to what is onPhysics

例2Chemistry
Story

the right (8). So an equation is like a statement “this equals that.” There
are names for different parts of an equation. Here we have an equationthat says 4x minus 7 equals 5:
・A variable is a symbol for an unknown number.
Coeﬃcient
Variable
It is usually a letter like x or y.
4x － 7 ＝ 5 ・A number on its own is called a constant.
・A coefficient is a number used to multiply aOperatorConstantsvariable (6x means 6 times x, so 6 is a coefficient).
Sometimes a letter stands in for the number:ax + bx + c
2Think Solve the math problem and explain the solution.

In a classroom, everyone plays tennis or golf or both. In fact 80% play tennis
and 70% play golf. What percentage plays both games?

6Self-assessment checklist 学習理解の自己評価
100%

70%

30%

I understand more about basic math terms.
I have learned words and phrases related to basic math terms.
I have thought about basic math terms.
I have utilized concepts about basic math terms.
11

2Atoms and radiation
原子と放射能1Aims このユニットの学習目標

To understand about atoms and radiation■ To learn words and phrases related to atoms and radiation■ To think about atoms and radiation■ To utilize concepts about atoms and radiation
■2006
1-06

1

Vocabulary in use 関連語句：発音と意味を確認しよう
Key words 基本語句
atom 原子nucleus 核
beam ビーム
particle 粒子
periodic table 周期表
proton 陽子
neutron 中性子
electron 電子
electrically charged plate 帯電板

Every atom has a nucleus containing
protons and neutrons. All atoms ofthe same element have the same
number of protons. This number isused to arrange the elements in theperiodic table. Electrons are containedin shells around the nucleus. The total
number of electrons is always thesame as the number of protons in aneutral atom.

007
1-07

2

Listening quiz 聞いて問題を考えよう
Q Which particles do A, B and C represent: protons, electrons, or neutrons?

1) A move towards the positive plate.
2) B continue on in a straight line.
3) C move towards the negative plate.

positiveABC

beam ofpartides
negative12

230081-08

Science topic 1 読んで考えよう

The periodic table of the elements 元素の周期表
Think How many carbon atoms are there in a kilogram block of carbon?
MathPhysics
Chemistry
Story

In chemistry, the periodic table is the most important reference. It is
important because it arranges all the known elements in an informative array.
They are arranged from top to bottom, from left to right in order of increasing
atomic number. This order mostly matches the increase in atomic mass.
The different rows of elements are called periods. The period number of anelement signifies the highest energy level that an electron in that element has ina ground state. The number of electrons in a period increases as one moves
down the periodic table. That is, as the energy level of the atom increases, thenumber of the electron shells (K, L, ...) and electron subshells (s, p, ...) per theshell will increase.
If you are familiar with the periodic table, you can extract necessary
information about individual elements by using the data in the table. For
example, you can use carbon’s atomic mass to determine how many carbon
atoms there are in a kilogram block of carbon.
reference 参考 array 配列 atomic mass 原子質量 period 周期 signify 示す ground state
基底状態
energy level エネルギー準位 electron shell 電子殻 subshell 副殻 extract 摘出する134Science quiz できるかな？

1) Argon (Ar) has a larger relative atomic mass than potassium (K).
a) Trueb) False

2) Which group contains elements that have low reactivity?
a) alkali metalsb) alkaline earth metalsc) halogensd) noble gases

3) In which group would you find the most highly reactive metals?
a) group 1b) group 2c) group 17d) group 184) An element is used as a good conductor of heat. What would you classify thiselement as?
a) metalb) nonmetalc) metalloidd) solid5) Which element is very reactive, has properties similar to magnesium, and is in
the same period as bromine?
a) carbonb) calciumc) sodiumd) aluminum6) How many neutrons are present in carbon 14?
a) 5b) 6c) 7d) 87) Which element has 79 protons?
a) Cub) Agc) Aud) Hg8) Which element is liquid at room temperature?
a) Fb) Clc) Brd) I

9) Which element has the largest ionization energy?
a) Lib) Nac) Kd) Rb10) Which group do lithium, sodium, and potassium belong to?
a) alkali metalsc) transition metalsb) alkaline earth metalsd) lanthanides11) How many groups are there in the periodic table?
a) 7b) 9c) 13d) 1812) How many periods are there in the periodic table?
a) 714b) 9c) 13d) 18

25009
1-09

Science topic 2 読んで考えようA compound and a molecule 化合物と分子Think Predict the products and balance the following chemical equations:2) Li + H3PO4 →5) Fe + C2H4O2 →3) ZnS + O2 →6) C6H12O6 + O2 →Math1) FeCl3 + MgO →4) FeS2 + Cl2 →When two or more atoms join together chemically, a molecule is formed.
When a molecule contains at least two different elements, a compound isPhysics

formed. Water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are compounds
because each is made of more than one element.
Chemical equations show the reactants and products in a chemical reaction

Chemistryor written symbolic representations of chemical reactions. The left side of theequation represents the reactants, while the right side represents the products.
The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of the reactants and themass of products in a chemical reaction are equal. No elements can be createdor destroyed in a chemical reaction, so the number of atoms in the reactants has

Story

to balance the number of atoms in the products. Follow this example to see how
chemical equations are balanced.

NH4NO3 → N2O + H2O
In the above chemical equation, you notice that there are two nitrogen atoms
on both sides, so nitrogen is already balanced. There are three oxygen atoms on
the left but only two on the right, so oxygen is not balanced. Similarly, there are
four hydrogen atoms on the left and only two on the right, so hydrogen is notbalanced as well. The balancing of oxygen and hydrogen need to be done
together by making the coefficient of H2O equal to two. Then the balanced
equation reads as follows:

NH4NO3 → N2O + 2H2O
Now you see there are equal quantities of all elements on both sides of thereaction and the law of conservation of mass is maintained.
molecule 分子 compound 化合物 chemical equation 化学式物
conservation of mass 質量保存 coefficient 係数

reactant 反応物

product 生成

156The language of chemistry 化学の言語の特徴を理解しよう

科学的な事実や説明を表す場合、動詞の時制は単純現在時制がよく使われる。
例1

In chemistry, the periodic table is the most important reference. It is
important because it arranges all the known elements in an informative array.
They are arranged from top to bottom, from left to right in order of increasing
atomic number. This order mostly matches the elements increase in atomic
mass.

(Science topic 1)

例2

In the above chemical equation, you notice that there are two nitrogen atomson both sides, so nitrogen is already balanced. There are three oxygen atoms
on the left but only two on the right, so oxygen is not balanced.
(Science topic 2)
例3

The radiation symbol, which is an international symbol, indicates radioactive
sources, containers for radioactive materials, and areas where radioactive
materials are stored and used. The presence of
this symbol (a magenta or black propeller on ayellow background) on a sign denotes the needfor caution to avoid contamination with or undue
exposure to atomic radiation. The wording on thesign varies with the level of potential radiation inthe area.
Think 	Read Science topics 1 and 2 again. Underline any simple present tenseof verbs.

16

27

Poster & presentation 調べてみよう

Nuclear weapons 核兵器
You know that atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima
and Nagasaki in 1945. Atomic bombs are nuclear weapons
Maththat make use of the energetic output of nuclear fission toproduce massive explosions. These bombs are different fromhydrogen bombs, which use both fission and fusion to power

Physics

their greater explosive potential.
Nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits
into smaller parts. Nuclear power reactors are based on nuclear fission. It is asource of energy for the generation of power. Two isotopes in common use asChemistry

nuclear fuels are uranium-235 and plutonium-239.
On the other hand, nuclear fusion involves the process by which multiple
nuclei are joined together to form a heavier nucleus. It is a nuclear process bywhich the sun and other stars generate light and heat. Energy is released whenStory

this happens. Nuclear fusion is the most basic form of energy in the universe.
nuclear fission 核分裂 massive explosion 大きな爆発 fusion 融合 split 分裂する nuclear powerreactor 原子炉 isotope 同位元素体

Think 	Do research about nuclear fission or fusion, make a poster, and give apresentation.
neutron hitsuranium nucleus
uranium nucleus
splits into smaller
nuclei and somemore neutrons
these neutrons
hit moreuranium nuclei

8

Self-assessment checklist 学習理解の自己評価
100%

70%

30%

I understand more about atoms and radiation.
I have learned words and phrases related to atoms and radiation.
I have thought about atoms and radiation.
I have utilized concepts about atoms and radiation.

17