2010/11/24

Presented by:

CARMELITA A. LAVERINTO
Republic of the Philippines
Department of National Defense

Office of Civil Defense – Region 3
Regional Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council ‐ 3
City of San Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines

Scope of Presentation
I. GENERAL INFORMATIONProfile of Philippines
Profile of Japan
II. PHILIPPINE DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM• Legal Basis•Organization• DRM Act off 2010
III. JAPAN DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM• Legal Basis• Organization• Disaster Counter Measures Act
IV. FLOOD SITUATION IN CENTRAL LUZON• Profile of Central Luzon• Causes of Flood in Central Luzon
V RESEARCH STUDY IN JAPANV.
• Field Visits• Orientation/Training/Seminars• International Meeting/Symposium/Workshop• Visit to Museum/Institutions of Learning• Others
VI. ACTION PLAN

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2010/11/24

General Information
Large mountainous terrain, narrowcoastal plains and interior valleys andplains make up the country’s
topography.

•
•
•
•

Total area: 300,000 sqm
Coast line: 36,289 (5th longest)
Estimated Population: 94.01m
j island ggroups:p
Three major Luzon ‐ largest island groupwith 141,000 sq. kms.
 Mindanao ‐ second with
102,000 sq. kms.
 Visayas ‐ third with 57,000 sq.
kms.
 17 Regions
 80 Provinces
 1,613 City/Municipality 42,025 Barangays

Climate•Tropical marine climate (hot and humid)••

Dominated by two major seasons: wet and dry seasons“Habagat” (Southwest monsoon) May to October•“Amihan (Northeast monsoon) November ‐ April•

Mean annual temperature is 26.6ºC
26 6ºC (79(79.88)88)•

28.3ºC during summer monthsooo“Tag ‐init”summer (Hot and dry season) March toMay“Tag‐ulan” (rainy season) June to November“Tag‐lamig” (cool dry season) December ‐ February2

2010/11/24

Natural Hazards in the Philippines

Typhoon Vulnerability

Natural Hazards in the Philippines

Philippine Faults and Trenches

Seismicity of the Philippines32010/11/24

Natural Hazards in the Philippines

Landslide Vulnerability

Tsunami Vulnerability

EFFECTS OF NATURAL HAZARDS

Mt Mayon

Mt Pinatubo 1991

Luzon
u o Earthquakea t qua e 1990
990

Guinsaugon, Southern Leyte Landslide

Typhoon2004 ‐ Tsunami

TY “Kiko” – August 6, 2009 –Botolan, Zambales4

2010/11/24

Tropical Storm“ Ondoy”

TY “Pepeng”

52010/11/24

LANDSLIDES

Taloy Sur, Marcos Highway Tuba, Benguet

LANDSLIDEBUYAGAN, LA TRINIDADLANDSLIDE
STO. NINO, TUBLAY

LAND SLIDE
MT. DILAN, TUBALAND SLIDELOACAN, ITOGONLABEY ROAD SLIDES
BOKOD

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2010/11/24

LAND SLIDEBAGONG, SABLAN

ROAD SLIDECATLUBONG, BUGUIASLABEY ROADSLIDES
BOKOD

General Profile: Japan
Land Area : 378,000 sqkm
Population : 127.77 million
Regionsg:4Prefectures : 47
Municipalities : 1,800
Capital: Tokyo
Climate: 4 seasons(Winter,
Spring, Autumand Summer)

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2010/11/24

Torrential Rain – Nagasaki City 1982

Ise‐wan typhoon 1959 Gifu Prefecture

Every year there is a great lossof peoples lives and property
in Japan due to natural
disasters, up until the 1950’s
numerous
large‐scale
typhoons and earthquakes
caused extensive damage andthousandsofcasualties.
However the development ofdisaster management system ,promotion of national landconservation,tii
improvingiweather
forecastingandtechnologies, and upgrading
disastercommunications
systems damages have been
decreased except for the 1995
Great
Hanshin‐Awaji
earthquake
where
6,400
people perished and in 2004 10
typhoons crossed over Japan.
There is also a possibility that
another large
g scale earthquakeqmight happen again whichpost a threat to the safety andsecurity of the country.

Hokkaido Nansei‐oki eartquake

Great Hanshin Awaji earthquake in 1995

Mount Usu volacanic eruption

Recent Flood in Hyogo
Damage to Maruyama River area caused by
Dead 5
Injured51
typhoonin 2004
Affected buildings 4033 inundated buildings 7944

Inundated hospital

Maruyama Riv.

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2010/11/24

Recent Flood in Hyogo
Damage to Maruyama River area caused bytyphoon in 2004

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2010/11/24

RA 10121
Philippine Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management(PDRRM) Act of 2010
SignedSi
d on MayM 27
27, 2010
by Her Excellency President Gloria Macapagal - Arroyo

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10121“AN ACT STRENGTHENING THE
PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISKREDUCTION AND MANAGEMENTSYSTEM, PROVIDING FOR THE
NATIONAL DISASTER RISKREDUCTION AND MANAGEMENTFRAMEWORK AND
INSTITUTIONALIZING THE NATIONALDISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT PLAN,
APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFORAND FOR OTHER PURPOSES”

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RA NO. 10121• 21 yyears in the makingg• 7 Congresses• 4 Administration• Signed into Law on May 27, 2010

Republic Act No. 10121
Salient Features


Policy Statements and Terminologies on DRRM (Secs. 2 & 3)

Institutional Mechanisms (Secs. 5 – 12)- DRRMCs (National, Regional, Provincial, City,
Municipal and Barangay Levels- Office of Civil Defense- Permanent Office on DRRM at the LGU Level

Operational Mechanisms (Secs. 15 – 18)- Coordination
C di ti duringd i Emergencies
Ei- Declaration of a State of Calamity- Remedial Measures- Mechanism for the IHAN

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2010/11/24

Republic Act No. 10121

Salient Features Participation, Accreditation, Mobilization,

Protection and Development of Disaster
Volunteers
 Training and Education in DRR
 FundingF di Prohibited Acts
 Penal Provisions

RA No. 10121 - Salient Features
I.

Policy Statements on DRRM (Sec. 2)Upholding people’s rights to life and property and adherence to internationally accepted
principles, norms and standards for capacity building in DRRM and humanitarian assistance(Sub-Sections a – c)

Adoption of a holistic, comprehensive, integrated , proactive and multi-sector approach inaddressing the impacts of disasters, including climate change (Sub-Section d)Development, promotion and implementation of a comprehensive National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Plan (NDRRMP) (Sub-Section(Sub Section e)

Mainstreaming DRR and Climate Change in national and local development plans anddevelopment processes (e.g. policy formulation, socio-economic development planning,budgeting and governance) (Sub-Sections f, g and h)12

2010/11/24

RA No. 10121 - Salient Features
I.

Policy Statements on DRRM (Sec. 2) – con’t.



Mainstreaming DRR into the peace process and conflict resolution (Sub-Section i)Ensuring DRR and CC-Gender responsive measures, sensitive to indigenous
knowledge and respect to human rights (Sub-Section j)Strengthening capacity building of –

LGUs on DRR (e.g. decentralized powers, responsibilities and resources) (SubSections k and l)

Vulnerable and marginalized groups (Sub-Section n)
Engaging the participation of CSOs, private sector and volunteers in DRR (SubS ti
Sectionm))Promotion of breastfeeding before and during a disaster or emergency (SubSection o)Ensuring maximum care, assistance and services to affected individuals andfamilies (Sub-Section p)

RA No. 10121 - Salient Features
II. Scope (Sec. 4)Provision for the development of policies and plans andimplementationpof actions and measures pertainingpg to allaspects off DRRM,
DRRM iincludingl di- Governance- Risk assessment and early warning- Knowledge building and awareness raising- Reducing underlying risk factors- Preparedness for effective response and early recovery

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RA No. 10121 - Salient Features
III. Institutional Mechanisms (Secs. 6 – 13)

There are four (4) major institutional mechanisms for DRRM provided
for under the new law:
1. DRRMC Networks from the national, regional, provincial, city andmunicipal level, and BDRRM Committees at the barangay level;
2. Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Offices;
3. Office of Civil Defense, and
4. Disaster Volunteers

RA No. 10121 - Salient Features

Section 6. Powers and Functions of the
NDRRMC NDRRMC empowered with policy-making,coordination, integration, supervision,monitoring and evaluation functions to be
carried out through seventeen (17) tasks /responsibilities14

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Organization of Various Disaster Reduction & Risk Management Councils

NDRRMCClimate Change Commission

Chairperson: Secretary, DND
Vice-Chairpersons: Secretaries of DSWD , DILG, DOST, and NEDA
Executive Director: Undersecretary, OCD

DA
DepEd
DILG
DPWH DBM
PNRC
PIA AFPLPP
LMPDFA
DOH DENR
DOTC
DTI
DOF
DOT
OPS DOJDOLEULAP LCP CSOs
CHED

DOE

PNP

DOST

NAPC

OPAPP

Private Sector

NCFRW

Regional Development Council

RDRRMC
Chairperson:
Vi Ch iVice-Chairpersons:Heads of Regional Offices
and Field Stations

Peace and Order Council

Regional Director, OCD
Regional
R il Directors.
Di
t
DSWD
DSWD, DILG
DILG, DOST,DOST NEDA
Selected CSOs and Private Sector

P/C/M DRRMCs
Chairperson: Provincial Governor / City Mayor / Municipal Mayor / Barangay Chairman

NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
MANAGEMENT COUNCIL (NDRRMC)
Chairperson Secretary,
Chairperson:
Secretary National Defense

Vice chairpersons:
Disaster Preparedness‐Secretary, DILG
Disaster Response–Secretary,
Response Secretary DSWD
Disaster Prevention & Mitigation‐Secretary, DOSTDisaster Rehabilitation & Recovery‐DG, NEDA

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MEMBERS OF THE NDRRMC
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Secretary, DOH
Secretary, DENR
Secretary, DA
Secretary, DepEd
Secretary, DOE
Secretary, DOF
Secretary, DTI
Secretary, DOTC
Secretary, DBM
Secretary, DPWH
Secretary, DFA
Secretary, DOJ
Secretary, DOLE
Secretary, DOT
The Exec.
Exec Secretary,
Secretary OP
Secretary, OPAPP
Chairman, CHED
Chief of Staff, AFP

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Chief, PNP
The Press Secretary
Sec‐Gen., Phil. Red Cross (PRC)
Commissioner, NAPC
Chairperson, NCRFW
Chairperson, HUDCC
Exec. Director, CC Office of the
CCC
President, GSIS
President, PhilHealthPresident, ULAP
President, LPP
President, LCP
President, LMP
President LMB
President,
Four (4) reps from the CSOs
One (1) rep from the Private Sector

Administrator, Office of Civil Defense –Member & Executive Director

Office of Civil Defense
DRM Bill 10121

DRM Section 8. and IRR Rule 7 Section 1

May 27, 2010
IRR September 27, 2010

OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE
Mandate – The Office of Civil Defense (OCD),
as the implementing arm of the National
Council, shall have the primary mission ofadministering a comprehensive national civil
defense and disaster risk reduction andmanagementg
programp g
byy providingpg leadershippin the continuous development of strategic
and systematic approaches as well as
measures to reduce the vulnerabilities andrisks to hazards and manage the consequencesof disasters.

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2010/11/24

REGIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT COUNCIL
ORGANIZATIONAL STUCTURE (Region 3)
CHAIRMANRD OCD
Neri G. Amparo

Regional Disaster
Risk Reduction
Management
Operations Center

SECRETARIAT

VICE CHAIRMANFor Disaster
Preparedness
RD DILG
Dir RENATO L BRION

VICE CHAIRMANFor Disaster Prevention& Mitigation
RD DOST
Dir CONDRADO
OLIVEROS

VICE CHAIRMANFor Disaster Response
RD DSWD
Dir Adelina Apostol

VICE CHAIRMANFor Disaster
Rehabilitation &recovery
RD NEDA
Dir REMIGIO A
MERCADOSTAFF
ELEMENTS

PLANNINGOPERATIONT A S K S

RESOURCESU N I T SDANA
SECURITY TEAMSAR TEAM
MEDICAL TEAM
FIRE SUPPRESSION TEAMAUXILIARY/
VOLUNTEERGOUPS(CSO Private
Groups/NGO

AFP
PNP
DPWH
PRC

RELIEF & EVAC TEAMOTHER RESPONSE TEAMS•The P/ C/ M Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (LDRRMC)– Chairperson: Governor / Mayor– Members: Eighteen (18) – Local Planning and Development Officer;– Head of the LDRRMO,– Head of the Local Social Welfare and Development Office,– Head of the Local Health Office,– Head of the Local Agriculture Office,– Head of the Gender and Development Office,– Head of the Local Engineering Office,– Head of the Local Veterinary Office,– Head of the Local Budget Office,– Division Head / Superintendent of Schools of the DepEd,– Highest-ranking Officer of the Armed Forces of the Philippines assigned in thearea, Provincial Director/City/Municipal Chief of the Philippine National Police(PNP),– Provincial Director/City/ Municipal Fire Marshall of the Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP), President of the Association of Barangay Captains (ABC),– Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC), Four (4) accredited CSOs
– One (1) private sector representative17

2010/11/24

NDRRMCOPCEN INFOFLOWMedia/ Other
Stakeholders
S k h ld

Official
Disaster
Reports

Executive Officer, NDRRMC/
Administrator, OCD

GEOPHYSICAL

DOH-HEMSNDCC Alerts/
Advisories/
SITREPs

EPIDEMICS

DOH

CIVIL
DISTURBANCEPNP

INFESTATIONDADOTC/PCGNDRRMC
Response
Agencies

DILG/PNP/BFP
DEPED
DPWH

Situation
Reports

NDCC
Warning
Advisories/
ReverseSITREPs

PHIVOLCS
AFP

AFPCC

NDRRMC-OPCEN/EOC

PAGASATERRORISM

RADIOLOGICAL &NUCLEAR

DSWD-DROMICS

NDCC
SITREPs

Warning
Alerts/Advisories
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL

Presidentof the Philippines

Chairman, NDRRMC

DENR/EMBDAOCDRCsRDRRMCs

PNRC

Situation
ReportsP
C/M

Surveillance
Agencies

PNRI

RDCC
Warning
Advisorie/
ReverseSITREPSThe NDRRMC OpCen• Response Coordination & Resource Mobilization

B
Lower DRRMCs
P/C/M/B

NGOs WITH MOA AFFILIATED WITH NDCC
1. Association of Carriers and Equipment Lessors ( ACEL )Engr. Gerardo V. Pancho ( President )Suite 1601 Jollibee Plaza Condominium, Emerald Ave., Ortigas Complex,
Pasig Ctiy
2. Philippine Mine Safety and Environment Association ( PMSEA )Jose Ernesto C. Rodriguez ( President )Vulcan Materials Corporation, 9th Floor Quad Alpha Centrum Building, 125
Pioneer Street, Mandaluyong City
3. Chamber of Mines of the Philippines ( COMP )Aretemio F. Disini ( President )Room 204 Ortigas Building, Ortigas Avenue, Pasig City
4. Philippine Institute of Civil Engineer, Inc. ( PICE )Engr. Efren H. Sison ( President )Unit 701 Future Point Plaza, 112 Panay Ave., Quezon City
5. Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. ( ASEP )Engr.
g Emilio Daniel G. Tible,, III ( President )Unit 713 Future Point Plaza, 112 Panay Ave., Quezon City
6. Philippines Canine Search and Rescue Association, Inc. ( PHK9SAR )Renee J. Speltz ( Chairman of the Board )5618 Don Pedro St., Poblacion, Makati
7. Regional Emergency Assistance Communication Team ( REACT )Alexander D. Siladan ( President )V.V. Soliven Building, EDSA, Quezon City
8. Manila Broadcasting Company ( MBC )Ruperto S Nicdao ( President )G/F FJE Building, 105 Esteban St., Legaspi Village, Makati City

Contingency
Plans

Emergency
Resources

SOPs

MOAs/
MOUs

• Maintains an updated database of all available response
resources in the country• Formulates mobilization SOPs for the response resourcesand operational support arrangements• Facilitates the conduct of a post mobilization debriefing
for all units deployed and utilized18

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Concept of Operation
Two conditions in which
the OPCEN operates:

NormalWhite Alert
Deactivation

1. Normal Condition
2. Emergency
Condition

Notification

Notification

NDRRMC
EOC
PartialActivation

NDRRMC
EOC
PartialActivation(Blue Alert)(Blue Alert)

Downgrading

Notification

Notification

NDRRMC EOC
Full Activation(Red Alert)19

2010/11/24

DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACTS

DISASTER MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONNATIONAL LEVEL
Prime Minister
Central Disaster Management Council

Formulation and promoting implementation of
Basic Disaster Management Plan

Designated Government Organizations
Formulation and implementation of Disaster
Management Operation Plan

Designated Public Corporation

PRFECTURAL LEVEL
GovernorPrefectural Disaster Management Council
Designated Local Government Organizations

Formulation and promoting implementation of
Local Disaster Management Plan

Designated Local Public Corporation
MUNICIPAL LEVEL
Mayors of Cities, Town and Villages
Municipal Disaster Management Council

Formulation and promoting implementation of
Local Disaster Management PlanRESIDENTS LEVEL

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Comprehensive Disaster Management System
Disaster Counter Measures Basic ActTo protect national land as well as citizens’ lives and livelihood and property
from natural disasters
Formulates a comprehensive disaster management system
Addresses all of the disaster phases of prevention, mitigation andpreparedness,demergency response, recovery andd rehabilitation.
h bili i
Establishes roles and responsibilities of the national and local governments
the relevant stakeholders of the public and private sectors

Contents of the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act
 Definition of responsibilities for disaster management
 Disaster management organizations
 Disaster management planning
 Disaster preventing and preparedness
 Disaster Emergency response Disaster recovery and rehabilitation
 Financial measures State of Disaster Emergency

Mission of the Cabinet OfficeTo integrate and coordinate disaster reduction policies and measures ofministries and agencies.
To secure cooperation and collaboration among related governmentorganization
To undertake planning of basic disaster management policies and response
to large‐scalell ddisasters
To strengthen risk management function to address emergencies such aslarge‐scale disasters and serious accidents

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2010/11/24

Central Disaster Management Council
Chairperson
Members– Prime Minister– 17 Head of all ministers– Head of all Designated Public Corporations– Governor of the Bank of Japan– President of Japanese Red Cross Society– President of Nippin‐Hoso Kyokai(Japan Broadcasting Corporation)– NTT– President of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation– Experts

Duties Formulate and p
promote implementationpof the Basic Disaster ManagementgPlan and
Earthquake Countermeasures Plans.
 Formulate and promote implementation of the urgent measures plan for major disasters
 Deliberate important issues on disaster reduction according to request from the Prime
Minister or Minister of State for Disaster Management (basic disaster management
policies) Other opinions regarding important issues on disaster reduction to the Minister andMinister of State for Disaster Management

Disaster Management Planning System

Basic Disaster Management Plan – This plan is a basis for disaster reduction
activities and is prepared by the Central Disaster Management Council
based on the Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act.
Disaster Management Operation Plan – This plan is made by each designatedgovernment organization and designated public corporations based on
the Basic Disaster Management Plan.
Local Disaster Management Plan – This plan is made by each prefectural andmunicipal disaster management council, subject to local circumstancesand based on the Basic Disaster Management Plan.

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DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Disaster Management Budget
The national budget for disaster management is approximately 4.5 trillion yen which
is approximately 5% of the budget for general accounts
Scientific and Technology Research
1.3%
Disaster Prevention and Preparedness
23 6%
23.6%
National Land Conservation
48.7%
Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation
26.4%

Disaster Counter Measures

Research and Development• Scientific technology research in disaster reduction• Utilization of earthquake early warning information
Disaster Prevention and Preparedness• National land conservation• Observing, forecasting and warning of disaster risk
• Information
I fti andd communicationi ti systemt• Integrated disaster management information system• Development of disaster management bases• Issuing of evacuation orders and instruction• Measures for people requiring assistance during disasters• Disaster reduction drills and exercises
Disaster Emergency Response• Outline of disaster emergency
g y responsep• Wide‐area support system
Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation•Outline of Recovery and Rehabilitation• Disaster victims livelihood recovery support system24

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Earthquake Disaster Countermeasures• Earthquakes in Japan• Observation system• Outline of countermeasures against large‐scale earthquake• Countermeasures against Tokai earthquake• Countermeasures against Tonankai and Nankai Earthquakes• Countermeasures against trench‐type earthquake in the vicinity of Japan andChishima trenches• Countermeasures against Tokyo inland earthquake• Earthquake‐proofing of houses and buildings• Tsunami countermeasures
Volcano Disaster Countermeasures•Volcano disaster in Japan• Observation system• Countermeasures based on the act on special measures for active volcanoes• Volcano hazard maps
St
Storm
and
d Fl
Flood
dC
Countermeasurest•Storm and flood damage in Japan• Observation system• Comprehensive storm and flood countermeasures• Large‐scale flood countermeasures
Snow Disaster Countermeasures• Snow disasters in Japan• Snow disaster countermeasures

Disaster Reduction Activities
Disaster reduction awareness enhancement and disaster knowledge dissemination• Nationwide movement for disaster reduction• Disaster reduction week campaign• Disaster Education
Improvement of environment for disaster reduction volunteer activities• Community voluntary disaster reduction organizations• Volunteer Firefighting teams• Volunteer flood‐fighting teams
Disaster reduction activities of corporation• Business continuity plan
• Evaluation of corporate disaster reduction activities25

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International Cooperation in Disaster Reduction

Disasters throughout the world
UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction and International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction
Japan’s International Cooperation in Disaster Reduction• Initiative for disaster reduction through Official Development Assistance (ODA)• International Emergency assistance• Regional cooperation through Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC)• Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (IOTWS)• International Recovery Platform (IRP)• Bilateral Cooperation with Indonesia

This Research Study aims to:
Mainstream disaster risk reduction management at all levels. With
participation of non‐government organization, local and international who
extendst d theirth i assistancei tththroughh ttechnicalh i l andd fi
financiali l support.
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The Pampanga River Basincovers a big portion of Central
Luzon. Within the CL are Four(4) dams: Pantabangan, Angat,
Ipo and Bustos.

Ipo DamAngat Dam

While the dams serve as
structural flood mitigating
structures, unfortunately,
though, during inclement
weather situation, excesswaters from the hinterlandson the east and from otherriver resource from the northsimultaneously comes down
and inundates vast areas ofthe provinces of Pampanga,
Bulacan and Tarlac.
Bustos Dam

Built along the Pampanga River,the multi‐purpose dam serves as ahydroelectric plant (with power
generation of 100 MW) supplying
additional energy for Luzon; asreinforcement against flood (withflood control capability of 330
MCM); and as water supply for
irrigation (covering about 106,400
hectares of rice lands).

Bustos Dam

Pantabangan Dam

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Data, 2004
Hazard Mapping base on pastMODIS
floodsFlooded Areas

Candaba Swamp Area

Pampanga Delta Area

Partial to complete burial of river segments, tributaries and distributaries

Sasmuan
Lubao

Gumain lahar deposits
Gumain River29

2010/11/24

866 km2

Pampanga River has thelargest watershed area‐‐approximately 8190 km2‐‐
among the rivers draining
the Central Plain of Luzon.
7325 km2

Pasac Delta

Pampanga Delta
1118 km2
333 km2
507 km2

618 km2

414 km2

Pampanga Bay

IDENTIFIED POPULATION AND AREAS AT RISK

Province

No. ofMunicipality
at RiskNo. ofBarangay at
Risk

Farms at
Risk

Population
at Risk

Aurora8

112

28,178136,371

Bataan9

86

34,514

170,333

Bulacan

18

133

33,577

160,504

Nueva Ecija

27

238

32,217

163,338

Pampanga

21

275

89,546591,351

Tarlac14

156

41,857260,086

Zambales

7

57

13,74864,63130

2010/11/24

Regional Disaster Risk Reduction Council

Flooding in the Pampanga Delta
and Pampanga Bay Area
• Considerations for Hazards Mitigation

Understanding the (some)
Types of FLOODS• RIVER FLOODS• FLOODS due to Rainwater• DAM SPILL FLOODS / DAM Break• COASTAL FLOODS – High Tide, Storm Surge, Tsunami• FLASH FLOODS

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Flooding in the Pampanga Delta and
Bay Area: Natural Causes• Large watershed size
• Low elevation• Gentle ground slope• Vegetation loss
• Land subsidence• Storm surge, tsunami• Eruption and lahars of Pinatubo
VolcanoFlooding in the Pampanga Delta and
Bay Area: Man‐Made Causes• Constriction of waterways• Increase in runoff due to pavements• Siltation of rivers by agricultural,industrial, commercial and household
wastes• GroundwaterGdextraction?
i ?
• Non‐integrated flood‐control projects

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Net Effects of Short‐ and Long‐Term Lahars on theLower Reaches of River Systems
1
1.

Partial to complete burial of river segments by lahar
deposits.

2. Heavy siltation along river segments of tributaries
and distributaries upstream and downstream of thelahar deposits of the Porac‐Gumain and Pasig‐
Potrero river systems
3. Sediment‐choking of man‐made and naturaldrainage systems

NET RESULT = LONG‐TERM FLOODING

1991 Pinatubo Eruption:
PRIMARY CAUSE OF LONG‐TERM FLOODING
IN THE PROVINCES OF PAMPANGA, BULACAN ANDBATAAN
1.

Remobilization in 1991 of ashfall and pyroclastic‐flow deposits within thewatershed of the Porac‐Gumain River as short‐term lahars.

2.

Remobilization in 1991 of ashfall deposits within the watershed of the
Caulaman‐Orani River as short‐term lahars.

3.

Remobilization of ashfall and pyroclastic‐flow deposits within thewatershed of the Pasig‐Potrero River as long‐term lahars from 1991 to
1997.

4.

Stream flow avulsion from the Sacobia to the Pasig‐Potrero River in
1993.

5.

Short‐term lahars along the Abacan River from 1991‐1992.

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OTHER CAUSES OF FLOODING:
1.

Improper disposal of dredging spoilsa along river banksa.
b. along river channels

2. Construction of fishponds along river channels
3.

Extension of fishpond structure into river channels

4. Westward growth of Barangay Malusac
5.

Natural accumulation of sediments at river mouths

NET EFFECT: Reduced carrying capacity of river channels
NET RESULT = Flooding34

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Encroachment ofInformal Settlers

Improper garbage disposal

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Floods due to accumulation of Rainwater (Ponding)

Breaching of river structures36

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Siltation & Sedimentation

Aggradation

original river bank line

Current initiatives in
DRR
A Locally-based Flood Warning
System37

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Structural Flood Mitigating Measures(some examples)(Some) Non‐
Non‐Structural mitigating
measures38

2010/11/24

Flood Forecasting & Warning
Systems

Arayat39

2010/11/24

PRFFWC ®

Non--Structural Mitigating Measures
Non

Adaptation

Dredging Works

DecloggingDecloggingDesilting of Rivers

40

2010/11/24

Community--friendly Flood Hazard maps
Community

Flood warning signs

41

2010/11/24

Flood warning signs (Ubiquitous
FHM)
Flood--related Pictograms
Flood

Communities that are prone and vulnerable to flood disasters are particularly themain target areas.

The Community‐based
Community based Flood
Warning System concept422010/11/24

Installation of rain gages

Installation of river gages

43

2010/11/24

Install Flood markers

Flood time monitoring?
start of flooding
Peak & level
Flood subsided

Disaster Preparedness & Prevention, & Contingency Planning Seminars, etc..

442010/11/24

for Evacuation for Flooding Incidents and Releaseof Water from Dams

45

2010/11/24

OBJECTIVES:
1. To have a uniform warning and alert system for evacuation
during flooding incident caused by inclement weather
conditions
diti
andd releasel
off watert fromfdam;
d
2. For officials of every local government units or local
disaster coordinating councils to formulate their respectiveplans for action during every alert levels; and3. Heighten the level of awareness of the community on
when to be ready,y, getg set and evacuate in case of floodinggin their respective areas.

Unfortunately, Early Warning (System) &Disaster awareness sell themselves only
AFTER a disaster strikes a community!!

46

2010/11/24

ALERT LEVEL No. 1

Represented by a longsiren. This is the alert level
where
peoplehl are advisedd i dthat there will be a releaseof water from the dam andto prepare for possible
evacuation.
The fire trucks from BFP,
LGUs and volunteer groups
g p
in the area will be utilized togive the warning signals.

ALERT LEVEL No. 2

Represented by two (2)longg sirens. This alert levelsignifies get ready forevacuation and wait for
further instructions comingfrom authorities.

47

2010/11/24

ALERT LEVEL No. 3

Represented by acontinuous siren or
continuous ringing of bells.
This alert signifies thecommunity to evacuate
immediately to designatedevacuation centers. No
person should be left
behind and bring onlyi
importantt t thithings.

Research Study in Japan

48

2010/11/24

Legislation on River Administration
 The first River Law in 1896: focusing only on flood
control
 Revised in 1964: water resources usage added The latest River Act made in 1997
 Ecological factors were added
 obliged managers to makeo Basic river management plano River improvement planlRiver Planning System
Basic River Management Policy

Long term
e.x. 100 years
River Management Plan

Sh t tterm
Short
20‐30 years
Project Implementation, River Management49

2010/11/24

Outline of River System
Class A RiverClass A RiverClass B RiverClass B River

Comprehensive Flood Management Measures50

2010/11/24

Traditional flood control measures:River improvement and Dam Construction

Excavation of channel
Excavating channel to increase flow
capacity and lower the water level.

Building of embankments
Widening embankments toincrease flow capacity .
DamFlood waters are stored in
the dam to reduce thequantity of flood flow to
be transported
downstream and to lower
the water level.

Construction of underground floodways and underground regulating
reservoirs is an effective means of solving the problem of urban flooding.

51

2010/11/24

DesignFlood
Discharge(1,820m3s)

Amendment of the River Law

Introduction of integrated river system management
Enhancement of water‐use regulations
Improvement and conservation of river environment
Introduction of plans reflecting public opinions(52

2010/11/24

Tasks of River Administrator
Flood management
River water use management
River environment management
Activities of River Administration Offices
Observe rainfall, river water level, river water quality
Research the environment of river and river basin
Study river improvement and environmentPlan, design and construct river structures
Patrol to observe problems of structures, illegal acts
Administrate use of river area

Flood Forecasting Network53

2010/11/24

Information Dissemination

Flood Control and River Management

River Improvement54

2010/11/24

Flood Control Facility
Dam

Slope Protection Facilities55

2010/11/24

Slope Protection Facilities56

2010/11/24

Water Sediment Control

Monitoring and EarlyWarning System

57

2010/11/24

 Orientations/Training/Seminar
/
g/
and

Workshop Museum and Institutions of Learning International
Meetings/Symposium/Seminar Others

Orientations/Trainings & Seminars•

Orientation on the Japanese history, culture, customs, religion, art and traditions.

•

Orientation on by Japan’s Government and Disaster Management System, and the different hazards that
affected the country in years 1923, 1945, 1948, 1959, and 1995 – the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake that
affected Kobe and its surroundings.

•

Orientation on Hyogo Prefecture its population 5.6 million, land area of 84,000 sqkm composed of 29 cities
and 12 towns with an annual GDP of US$179.74$
billion that its income was derived from containerizedtransportation also about its world heritage the Himeji Castle and hot springs, the Akashi Kaikayo Bridge as
one of the largest hanging bridge in the world.

•

Orientation how to prepare and update our country report, ADRC website and to update our country profile.

•

Attended presentations of Indonesia Disaster Management System and about Maiko High School, Sensei Mr.
Sawa-san explained how the Disaster Management Course was developed and introduced in school.

•

Participated in JICA’s Training of Trainers’ for Public Awareness Method: Twon Watching & Hazard Mapping
Workshop with the participants from Central Asia.

58

2010/11/24

ContinuationofOrientations/Trainings&Seminars•Visited and attended orientation in Maiko High School, Mr. Suwa-san Seiji lectured us about the Japanese
Education System which comprise of 6 years elementary, 3 years junior high school, 3 years senior high schooland 4 years college. High school students has freedom to choose for a vocational or special course likedisaster management course. Disaster Management Course started after the 1995.

•Joined JICA trainees from Central Asian in Kyoto University where we have lectures from the Disaster
Research Institute (DRI). Professor Katao of the Disaster Prevention Institute discussed disasterprevention, disaster reduction/mitigation, earthquake/volcano prediction and earthquake engineering. He
also explained about the organizational structure of DPRI and research studies for earthquake monitoringand prediction.

ContinuationofOrientations/Trainings&Seminars

Professor Fukouka explained about landslide,different types and causes of landslide,
mitigation and countermeasures, observationand monitoring system of landslide in Japan also
the different observation and monitoring
equipments for landslide.

• Mr. Sakurai-san Director of Shikoku
Mountainous Region Sabo Work Officelectured about Shikoku Island.
• Shikoku has 4 Prefectures and is a
mountainous area with steep slopes whichmakes it prone to landslide during rainyseason and has 2 major tectonic.
• Sabo Work Office is promoting prevention
and mitigation projects, constructing andmonitoring facilities, enhancing
embankments, dams and preventive
structures, installing drainage wells, tunnels,
horizontal pipes and water ditches to drain
and stabilize soil subsidence.
• They also have 16 optical cameras, GPS andrain gauges that transmits information for use
in warning residents in risk areas.

59

2010/11/24

ContinuationofOrientations/Trainings&Seminars•A
lectureabout
dam
construction and operation
was presented by Mr. Shozo
Miyagawa,
Director of
Samuera
Dam,
the
was
S
D
th damdbuilt in 1975 for 331 million
yen and relocated 387
families.
SamueraDamheight 106m, crest length
400m, concrete volume of
1 187 000 cbm and a gross
1,187,000
capacity of 316,000,000 cbm.
Water
were
use
for
household, irrigation, power
generation and flood control.

ContinuationofOrientations/Trainings&Seminars• Orientation on Global Unique Disaster Identifier (GLIDE) as a toolfor information sharing of disaster data base among different
organization regarding natural disasters. Its purpose is to unite
differences in reporting disaster events.
• Orientation on Business Continuity Plan, its company shouldhave their own business continuity plan to unsure continuance of
their operation after a disaster and also International
Standardization of products manufactured for the quality andacceptance of such products in local and international market.
• Orientation of PEER Review which aims to help member
countries to identify good practices and methods for disaster risk
reduction and to further promote the implementation of the Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) through exchange of ideas,
information and engaging member countries in a face to facediscussion.

60

2010/11/24• Mr. Yasutsugu Fujii of the Department of River Management
oriented us about Osaka Prefecture that it has 2,750,000
population, 12 cities and 48.7 trillion yen assets. Due to its
geographical location makes the area prone to flooding. It has 6
rivers, heavily populated and concreted resulting to slow waterdrainage. Osaka has experience many flooding in the past hence
the following measures were undertaken improving of river
channels, creating underground drainage system, drainage basin,
and flood control reservoir. They also use parks, school grounds
and private development sites for temporary water retention.

ContinuationofOrientations/Trainings&Seminars•Attended briefing/orientation at the Hyogo Prefectural Emergency andFire Training Center. The 5 instruction based on the Hanshin-Awaji
earthquake were: 1) provision for natural disasters; 2) setting up asystem at the initial stage; 3) collaboration between disastermanagement organization; 4) capacity building for the community; and
5) Planning/modelling the town against natural disaster. The , includes
Hanshin, Awaji, West Harima and Tajima. Aside from training center andplace is 250 has with tennis court, football, track andE Defense the pbaseball field, a camping site, golf and heliport. Gymnasium that
doubles as a disaster prevention hub for emergency preparedness
center for storage of relief supplies, rescue equipment and assembly for
emergency activity.

61

2010/11/24

Continuation of Orientations/Trainings & Seminars•E-Defense is an area for 3-D full scale earthquake
testing facility, it has a display of different types ofbuildings, different construction design andstructure it also explains different damages in caseof an earthquake based on its construction,
structure and design. The is also utilized forearthquakehk simulationi l i test exercises.
i

Continuation of Orientations/Trainings & Seminars•Mr. Mashiro Ito-san, Deputy Director
for Disaster Preparedness presented
the Japan’s Disaster Management
SystemandJapan’sdisasterexperiences.
The
DisasterManagement System at the National
Level headed by the Prime Minister,Prefectural Level headed by theGovernor,
Governor Municipal Level headed by
Mayor’s of the City or Municipality andresidential level. The organizationconsist of 23 ministries and agencies,
63 designated Public Corporations andBank of Japan, Japanese Red Cross
Society, NHK, Electric and Gas
Companies o NTT.
•TokyoMetropolitan
Government
orientation started TMG’s crisis
management
measures,diffdifferent
disaster it might face such as
earthquake, storm and flood, volcanic
disaster, large scale accidents, terrorist
attacks and Novel Influenza Virus. And
thedifferent
preparedness
andcountermeasures for each and conductof drills and exercises.

62

2010/11/24

Continuation of Orientations/Trainings & Seminars•Orientation at the Air Asia Survey is an spatial
information consultant company its mission is toprovide novel state of the art technologies and knowhow for acquiring and managing a wide range ofspatial information about the natural and social
environments–
presented
thecompany’sorganization, corporate profile scope of services inareal mapping such as red relief image map, lakey and the recent
global activity
view,, land viewer,, their gprojects of the company. Also the importance andbenefits of areal mapping.

•Fire and Disaster Management Agency is the centerfor the fire defense administration supporting thenation’s fire defense forces consisting of 1 million
personnel. It formulates various measures to pp
prevent
disaster such as fire, earthquake, storm/flood damage
and develops necessary legal basis and improvearmaments, equipments necessary to minimize
damages.

Continuation of Orientations/Trainings & Seminars•Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) contributes to the safety of the people
in the country by providing a range of meteorological, oceanographic,
seismological and volcanic information. It improves its services by
incorporating advance technologies and checking the management andperformance of its operations continuously with the aim of enhancing
effectiveness and efficiency of its activities to cope with new demand. JMA
implements its services in compliance to Act for establishment of the
Ministry
Mi i t off Land,
L d TransportTt andd Tourism
T i(MLIT) andd theth Meteorological
M t
l i l
Service Act: prevention and mitigation of natural disasters; safety oftransportation; development and prosperity of industry; and improvement ofpublic welfare. Its efforts is focused on monitoring earth’s environment andforecasting natural phenomena related to atmosphere, the ocean, and theearth. It also conduct research and technical development in related fields.
It also engages in international cooperation activities in meteorology andseismology.

63

2010/11/24

Continuation of Orientations/Trainings & Seminars•NHK as a member of the disastermanagement system it provides warning
information to the general public. The
company has 54 broadcasting stations, 14
branch station and radio stations (AM/FM)with 1,000 reporters and can utilized 10,000
personnel in time of emergency. All programs
are cut both on TV and Radio broadcast intimes of emergency to provide wide range
warning information to the general public.

•Mr. Yuichi Honjo-san of the Institute of Urban Research has discussed lessons
learned form the Great Hanshi-Awaji Earthquake, the damages, loss of lives, thecity recovery plan and the comprehensive recovery assessments after the 5th
and 10th year from the earthquake. He also talked about social capital as aresource that supports the practice of collaborative and participatory community
development based on self-governance and community solidarity. Physicalrecovery such as housing, infrastructure has been fully achieve by Kobe City andthe vitality of community participation in disaster activities after 15 year isdecreasing and their memory of the disaster is also fading. Maintaining andsustaining community participation and awareness is a challenge to all disastermanagement practitioners. There is a need to find new ideas, activities to steer
community concern that is acceptable and fitting to the community.

Continuation of Orientations/Trainings & Seminars

Visit to Unzen Restoration Work Office, Mr.
Kodama‐san oriented us about Unzen
Restoration office which was established in
1993 after the Heisei Eruption. Among theirproject were Unzen Sabo Project (erosion
control); present condition of lava domes;
conditionsd
off developingd lgullies;lloccurrencesof debris flow; implementation of projects in
Mizunshi River Basin, Nakao River Basin and
Yue River Basin and creation of communities
full of water and verdure64

2010/11/24

Continuation of Orientations/Trainings & Seminars•Unzen Volcanic Geopark, Mr, Shinichi
Sugimoto discussed the eruption of Mt Unzen
and that it had 44 fatalities most of them weremedia men and rescuers from Shimabara. The
media men have crossed the danger zone line.
Mt Unzen last erupted in 1792 and Mt.
Mt
Mayuyama collapse in a large scale earthquake
just after eruption. Lava dome formed during
1990-1995 eruption. Debris avalanche buriednearly half of town and generated a hugetsunami. Mt Unzen is the well-studied volcano in
the world. UNESCO has declared Mt. Unzen asa Geo Park, it is also the first national park inJapan, it also have a museum where we cansee a house buried by debris flow and anelementary burnt pyroclastic flow. It also hashistorical sites, a volcano museum, geotours,
hot springs and the area is fertile soil around thevolcano.

Continuation of Orientations/Trainings & Seminars•Mr. Shiraishi Naotsugu of Fukouka City Disaster
Management Office oriented us about thedisaster management system of Fukouka City.
Fukouka City is flood disaster prone area due toits geographical location has 7 rivers which its
main source were outside the city. He also
discussedanddid their
th i preventionti
d mitigation
iti timeasures like preparation and distribution of
hazard maps, surveillance camera along river
basin, installation of remote controlled sirens in
the river basin and information dissemination
through mobile phones, advisories, how toprotect oneself, evacuation areas and routes,
improvements of disaster control, voluntaryorganization, and their support to anti- disasterand preventive organization.
organization•Global Warming and Climate Change in Japan discussed by Mr. Nagata
Yoji, Deputy Director, he talked about the IPCC fourth assessment report,mechanism of global warming, initiatives to address the issue of global
warming by Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), global warming andclimate change in Japan and efforts to reduce emission of greenhousegases.

65

2010/11/24

Museums•Hyogo Prefecture Museum of Art - here we have seen a film depicting Great
Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995 that devastated the City of Kgobe and its
surrounding areas, walked along the ruins preserved, seen the grief and loss ofthe communities as they recount what happened that time, how they have help
y in saving
g lives of their
one another and the volunteerism of the community
neighbours, cleaning up debris and also the reconstruction and recovery of roads,
railways as well as setting up temporary shelter for evacuation and relief
operations.

Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake

Museums

Hokudan‐cho Earthquake Memorial Park in Awaji Island in thismuseum we see photos of the Great Hanshin‐Awaji Earthquake amonument of Hanshin expressway, preserve fault zone, a close‐up
view of change in fault, and an earthquake simulation and a houseppreserved after the earthquakeq66

2010/11/24

Museums•Tsunami/Storm Surge Disaster Prevention Station comprises the disaster prevention building and display
building. It provides collective for tsunami and tidal surge
protection facilities like seawalls and gates administeredby Nishi Osaka Flood Control Office. It also entails
enhancement of public awareness of disaster prevention
among Osaka residents. Display building is open to public
to gain knowledge of tidal surges that struck Osaka andTonankai/Nankai Earthquakes and tsunamis believed tosurely hit Osaka.

Museums•Nigawa-Yurino-cho,Nishinomiya
City
Landslide Museum – Nigawa-Yurino-choarea suffered the worst mass-movement
disaster caused by the Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake, a 100m-long hillside on the rightbank of the Nigawa River collapsed,
collapsed
approximately 1,00,000m3 of displaced soil
crushed 13 houses and blocked the Nigawa
River, killing 34 people. An emergency
landslide rehabilitation project was initiated in
1997. At he museum we learn the awesome
power of nature what it is like to be in alandslide. A display that explains the
structure and mechanics of a landslide, ascale model shows what measures taken toprevent landslide. Using various instruments
we can measure small movements of earth
in order to know when a landslide isimminent. By removing subterranean waterand inserting supports into the ground we
can prevent landslide before they occur.

67

2010/11/24

Museums

Mt. Unzen Disaster Memorial
Hall also known as“Gamadasu
Gamadasu Dorm
Dorm” was built
not only as tourist attraction
but also as a facility forpeople to know and learn
about volcanic eruption.

68

2010/11/24

International Symposium & Global Meeting•Attended First Global Meeting of the International Searchand Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG).

International Symposium & Global Meeting

Attended Urban Safety of Mega Cities in Asia

69

2010/11/24

International Symposium & Global Meeting

Attended the Group Training on “Disaster Risk Reduction
Strategy for Urban Earthquake” RCUSS, Kobe University &JICA Hyogo International Training Center.

Visited Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum. An atomic bomb was dropped in
Nagasaki at around 11:02 am on August 9, 1945 where most of Nagasaki wasdestroyed and a tremendous lives was lost and a great number have been injured
and some of them are still suffering the effects of the bomb up to present. The
marks and scars have never been erased form the skins and minds of those whohave survived.

70

2010/11/24

OthersVisit to Kobe City Resources Recycle Center. Mr. Hagihara Kazuhiro
explained about their work at the Center. Indeed the center displays astate-of-the-art recycling facilities which are almost all are automatic andare computer generated machines. He showed us the process and somepy p
products they
produced out of gglass, PET bottles, cans and aluminun
waste.

Action Plan

71

2010/11/24

Proposed Activities
1. Presentation of theresearch study

Responsible
Agencies
OCD

Expected Output

Objectives

Dissemination of learning experience gained To share learningin this research study program
experience here in
Japan to RDCC MembergAgencies
2. Review of the current NEDA/OCD/DPWH An inventory of current flood control andTo check the current
flood control and/LGUs
mitigation measure or undergoing projects situation of flood
mitigation and control
mitigation measure
Assess strengths and weakness of current
plans and programs andflood control and mitigation measures
identify areas for
Identify future plans or improvement
needed to enhance mitigation, monitoring improvementand development measures
3. Analysis of rainfall in PAGASA/CCA
To assess capability of dams, flood
To determine therespect to climate
mitigation facilities with the current
amount of rainfall andchangechanging climate and enhance capabilities project its occurrence
and resiliency of the communitythat could affect thecommunity and plan forcommunity adaptation
to Climate change andenhance resiliency

Proposed Activities
4. Risk assessment

Responsible Agencies

Expected Output

OCD/DILG/DPWH/NEDA/PA Generation of digital hazard maps to
GASA/LGUs/ Communityy
identifyy communities at risk
Analyze needs

5. Capacity assessment

Identify LGUs/communities capacity incoping with disasters

Objectives
To identify needs
and enhancecapacity to copewith impact ofdisaster
To
train
the
community
torespond and react
appropriately intimes of disaster.
disaster
To trainteams

6. Community
vulnerability
assessment

OCD/DILG/DSWD

rescueProfiling of communities
Flood control and mitigation system its
present condition and identification ofcounter measures72

2010/11/24

Proposed Activities
7. Institutional Building

8. Planning anddevelopment
9. Social economic
environment
10. Research Studies

Responsible Agencies

Expected Output

Objectives

OCD/DILG/DSWD

Organization/Re‐organization ofDisaster Risk Reduction Management
Council at theProvincial/Municipal/Barangay andCommunityy level,, NGOs,, NGAs,, Pos,, etc
OCD/DILG/DPWH/NEDA/PA Formulation/updating of disaster risk
GASA/LGUs/ Community
reduction Management Plans,contingency plans, development plan
OCD/DILG/DSWD/LGUs
Poverty reduction/Livelihood/Civil
Poverty reduction
Protection
OCD/LGUs
Research study on the threat of Laharflow and a comprehensive solution to
constant flooding problems (Pampanga,
Tarlac, Bulacan, Zambales and Bataan)
An additional dam to impound water for
agriculture and household use as one
possible solution.
Part of the lahar quarrying income canbe set aside to support river
improvement in Pampanga and otherareas

Arigato Gozaimasu
Sayonara!!!!!

73