ADRC

Asian Disaster Reduction Center(ADRC)

FINAL REPORT OF VISITINGRESEARCHER PROGRAM

MUHAMMAD KHALIL BIN AB AZIZVISITING RESEARCHER
JAN. – JUNE 2009 TERM
MALAYSIA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT

Outline of Presentation•Present Status of Disaster Management in

Malaysia•Knowledge and Experiences Gained During
Visiting Researcher Program•Discussion•Conclusion•Action Plan
•Suggestion to ADRC

Present Status of Disaster
Management in Malaysia

Natural Disaster in Malaysia
Wind Storms e.g. Thunderstorms, Squalllines, Tropical Storms and Typhoons• Heavy Rain, Floods & Landslides• Tsunamis• Droughts• Forest/Grassland Fires, Haze (local &trans boundary)•Recent major disasters for past few
years
Year

Disaster

KilledInjured2009(Jan)

Flood

8470

2008

Flood

10210

2008

Landslide

11

2007

Flood

33

158000

225m

2006

Flood

19

138000

343m

2005

Flood

17

100000

66m

2005

Mud
flood

3

2793

15

Total
affected

Damage(USD)

1422

National Security Council (NSC)• Established by Prime Minister Department basedon the power of His Majesty the King in the
Emergency (Essential Powers) Ordinance 1970

• Consists of– Deputy Prime Minister (chairman)– Minister of Information (vice-chairman)– Ministers– Head of government agencies– Experts

Role of National Security
Council• Secretariat for the Disaster Management andRelief Committees according to the level ofdisaster occurred• To ensure that the practise as well as
implementation of the policy and mechanism indisaster management is carried out• To ensure post-mortem is carried out after
occurrence of disaster• To activate Special Malaysia Disaster
Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART) for
search and rescue operations when necessaryRole of National Security
Council• To coordinate the handling of disastermanagement exercise as well as search andrescue from time to time
• To monitor the implementation of disasterpreventive measures and control carried out by
the relevant agencies• To monitor the implementation of theeducational, training and preventive strategies• To give advice to Disaster Management andRelief Committee, when requested to ensure
the smooth handling and management of adisasterDisaster Management and Relief
Committee• Policy and Strategic Planning– The District Disaster Management and Relief Committee (Level I)– The State Disaster Management and Relief Committee (Level II)– The Federal Disaster Management and Relief Committee (level
III)
FederalDeputy Prime Minister

State
State Secretary
District
District Officer

Secretariat:
NSC

Structure of Organization
FederalDisaster Management
and Relief Committee(Level III)

Federal Disaster
Operation Control Centre(Deputy Prime Minister)

Director forInternal
Security andPublic Order,
RMP

National
Security Council
(NSC)
State
Disaster Management
and Relief Committee(Level II)

State Disaster
Operation Control Centre(State Secretary)

District Disaster
Operation Control Centre(District Officer)
District
NSC

On-scene
Post
State Chief of
Police Officer ,
RMP

State
NSC
District
Disaster Management
and Relief Committee(Level I)

Operation
Controller

On-scene
Post
Officer in
ChargeOf District
Police (OCPD)• Search andRescue• Health andMedicalServices• Media• Support• Security
Control• Welfare• Warnings andAlertsSub System of each level
Disaster Operating
Control Center (DOCC)

Search and Rescue

On Scene Post
Security Control

Health and MedicalMedia
WelfareSupportOperational Approach• Bottom Up Approach• If the District has shortage of Manpower,
Fund or Equipments, the state level orfederal level will assist and coordinateLegal Provisions In Disaster
Management• Directive– Directive No. 20 NSC - Policy And Mechanism Of
National Disaster Management And Relief• Acts– Police Act 1967
– Land Conservation Act 1960

• Standard Operating Procedures (S.O.P.)– S.O.P. for earthquake and tsunami disasters (after 26
December 2004)• Guidelines– Permissible density and cutting slope for development- DOE

Public Awareness Program• Publication of Public Awareness Guideline
on Disaster• 26 December is declared as National
Disaster Awareness Day;
• Publication of Safer School Manual by
Ministry of Education;• Publication of Safety Manual of Crisis andDisaster by NSC.

Disaster Awareness Day 2006

• 2-Day Seminar on “Mainstreaming

Disaster Risk Reduction Into
Development Policy, Planning and
Implementation”;• Launching of Safety Manual of Disasterand Crisis;• Launching of Disaster Day’s Song, “Dunia
Semakin Usang”;• Received contribution from other country,
private sectors and NGO for National
Disaster Relief Trust Fund;• 26 December 2006, Kuala Lumpur.

Disaster Prevention andPreparedness• Early Warning System• Structural- Flood Mitigation Structure i.e. The

Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel(SMART)• National Disaster Relief Trust Fund (NDRTF)• Policy, Guidelines and Standard Operating
Procedures (S.O.P)• Establishment of Central Store for Evacuation
Center• Capacity Building• Bilateral, Regional and International
Cooperation

Early Warning System• Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD)– Weather Forecasting and Warning– Tsunami Early Warning System– Multi-Hazard Early Warning System• Malaysian Department of Irrigation and Drainage(DID)– Telemetry System - Flood Forecasting Models andInfobanjir• Malaysian Centre for Remote Sensing (MACRES)•

National Disaster Data and Information Management System (NADDI)• Department of Environment (DOE)– Air Pollutant Index (API) - HazeMulti-Hazard Early Warning System

The Stormwater Management and Road
Tunnel (SMART)• Jointly project between

Department of Drainage
and Irrigation and theHighway Authority of
Malaysia• Inner diameter 11.8m,
distance 9.7km• diverting the water into
the river downstream• Dual function i.e. formotorway during normaldays and water drainage
during heavy rain/flood.

National Disaster Relief
Trust Fund (NDRTF)• Annual allocation from the Government• Public Contribution• Government sector & private company

contribution• Operating Expenditure from various agencies forrecovery and reconstruction• To address the immediate needs of the affected
communities• Monitoring and distribution by NSC

Bilateral, Regional andInternational Cooperation
Regional Cooperation– ASEAN Committee on Disaster
Management (ACDM) (Regional
Cooperation and Assistance)– ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) (Confidence
Building)– Asian Disaster Reduction Centre (ADRC)(Information Sharing)– Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre(ADPC) (Educational and Training
Cooperation)

Bilateral, Regional and International
Cooperation

International Cooperation– Federal Emergency Management Agency(FEMA), USA – (International Networking)– United Nations – International Search andRescue Advisory Groups (UN – INSARAG)(Humanitarian Assistance Networking)– Typhoon Committee (Mitigation,
Coordination and Early Warning Cooperation)– Participating in UN-ISDR (United Nations –International strategy for Disaster
Reduction).
– Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD)– World Meteorological Organization (WMO)Response and Relief• Search and Rescue - Special Malaysia Disaster

Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART Team)• Health and Medical – i.e. Emergency Medical
Services• Welfare/ Evacuation Centre – i.e. Welfare Dept.
• Support – i.e. District Office, Municipal/Town
Council, Malaysian Telecommunication Ltd.
• Media – i.e. Information Dept. and Broadcasting
Dept.
• Security Control – Royal Malaysian Police

Role of Non Government
Organization (NGOs)
To provide assistance in disaster mitigation, response,
recovery, rehabilitation and construction;– Malaysian Red Crescent Society (MRCS) – medical
assistance and rehabilitation– MERCY MALAYSIA – medical assistance andrehabilitation– Haluan Malaysia – rehabilitation and reconstruction– Global Peace Malaysia – medical assistance andrehabilitation– AMAN Malaysia – rehabilitation and reconstruction– St. John Ambulance – medical assistanceKnowledge And Experiences
Gained Through The Visiting
Researcher Program• Natural Disasters in Japan• Central Disaster Management Council• Acts Regarding Disasters• Disaster Countermeasures• Disaster Memorial• Disaster Countermeasures of Private
Companies

Natural Disaster in Japan

Earthquake, Volcano, Tsunamis• Typhoons, Torrential Rains and Heavy
Snow•Numbers of deaths and missing person by type ofdisaster
Source: Prepared by the Cabinet Office based on data from Fireand Disaster Management Agency

Central Disaster Management
Council• Established by Cabinet Office based on
Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act.
• Consists of– Prime Minister (chairman)– Minister of State for Disaster Management– Ministers– Head of major public institutions– Experts

Role of Central Disaster
Management Council• To integrate and coordinate disaster reduction

policies and measures of ministries and agencies• Responsible for securing cooperation andcollaboration among related government
agencies• To undertake the planning of basic disastermanagement policies and response to largescale disasters• To conduct coordination during disaster events

Disaster Management Related
Budget• Approximately 5% of total amount ofgeneral budget– Scientific Technology Research 1.3%
– Disaster Prevention and Preparedness 23.6%– National Land Conservation 48.7%– Disaster Recovery and Rehabilitation 26.4%

Disaster Management Committee• City/community level– First response to disasters• Set up disaster management HQ• Evacuate residents• Dispatch fire fighters and rescue teams• Prefectural level– Supporting city level activities– Coordination between city level and national level
activities• National level– Supporting city/prefectural level responses– Dispatch of ERT in a large-scale disasterActs/Legal Provision
Regarding Disasters
Classified into 4 categories:
Basic Acts: (7 acts)Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Acts:(18 acts)Erosion Control Act (1897)

Disaster Emergency Response Acts: (3 acts)Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act (1961)

Disaster Relief Act (1947)

Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction, andFinancial Measures Acts: (23 acts)


Agriculture Disaster Compensation Act (1947)

Disaster Countermeasures• Research and Development• Earthquake Disaster Countermeasures• Storm and Flood countermeasures• Disaster Prevention and Preparedness• Information Sharing/Cooperation

1. Research and Development
1.1 Scientific Technology Research in Disaster Reduction• According to “Basic Science and Technology Plan ― Third Term”(2006), which describes Japan’s basic scientific technology
policies, to sets a major goal of making Japan a country that cantake pride in being the safest in the world, and an intermediategoal of ensuring the security of national land, society andpeople’s livelihoods.

1.2 Utilization of Earthquake Early Warning Information• Estimated arrival time of the S-wave of the earthquake andseismic intensity in each area
• Possible to detect the P-wave (destructive wave) near the
epicenter and immediately processing the data since there is adifference in the speed of several seconds to several tens ofseconds• This critical time to be used for mitigating damage by stopping
trains and elevators, extinguishing flames or crawling undertables.

1. Research and Development
1.3 The Research Center for Earthquake Prediction(RCEP) of Kyoto University that focused on• Prediction of the earthquakes at plate boundaries,

such as the future Nankai earthquake,• Studies of onshore earthquakes in southwest Japan,• Efforts to provide earthquake information to otherdisciplines and the public as well as education of
students.

2. Earthquake Disaster
Countermeasures
2.1 Observation System– JMA and other organizations install and maintainseismometers that are used for estimating the locationof the epicenter and magnitude of an earthquake as well
as for tsunami forecasts, and seismic intensity metersthat measure the intensity of ground motion, in
numerous places nationwide.
– As soon as an earthquake occurs, JMA analyzes the datafrom various seismometers and seismic intensity meters.
– Within two minutes, JMA will issues a seismic intensity
information report for earthquakes of intensity 3 orgreater– Within five minutes JMA will issues an earthquake
information report indicating the epicenter andmagnitude of the earthquake and the seismic intensity inthe municipalities where strong shaking was observed.

2. Earthquake Disaster
Countermeasures
2.2 Earthquake-proofing of Houses andBuildings– Central Disaster Management Council drafted the“Urgent Countermeasures Guideline for Promoting the
Earthquake-proofing of Houses and Buildings” in 2005,
to stipulates that earthquake-proofing.
– Urgently and strongly enforced in close cooperation
with related ministries as a national priority.
– Act on Promotion of the Earthquake-proof Retrofit of
Buildings was amended to strengthen measures suchas the development of a promotion plan for improving
earthquake-proofing by local governments.

2. Earthquake Disaster
Countermeasures
2.3 Tsunami Countermeasures– Announcement/transmitting of tsunami
forecasts, improving coastal embankments(tidal embankments) and tide prevention
gates,– Tsunami hazard map and thedesignation/development of tsunami
evacuation buildings by local governments

3. Storm and Floodcountermeasures
3.1 Observation System– JMA observes meteorological condition using theAutomated Meteorological Data Acquisition System(AMeDAS), radars and satellites, and issuing forecasts
or warnings to prepare against disasters.
– The rainfall and water level in the rivers are observedby the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportand prefectural governments utilizing visualobservation methods, mechanical observationequipment, and a wireless telemeter system thattransmits automatically observed data from remotelocations.
– Flood forecasts and water level information are
disseminates to the Internet and mobile phones.

3. Storm and Floodcountermeasures• 3.2 Comprehensive Storm and Flood
Countermeasures.

– Improving rivers and sewage systems– Improving non-structural measures such as
preparing hazard maps, providing disaster
information.
– Developing of the warning and evacuation
systems of the possible inundation areas andlandslide prone areas according to FloodControl Act.

4. Disaster Prevention andPreparedness
4.1 National Land Conservation– Carried out river improvement, soil erosion control(sabo), and soil and coastline conservation forprotecting national land, citizens’ lives andproperty from disasters.
– “Selective Infrastructure Improvement Plan” wasset forth in 2002 to promote prioritized, effective
and efficient infrastructure improvement projects.
– “Forest Improvement and Conservation Works
Master Plan” was formulated in 2003 to promotecomprehensive and effective forestry improvement
and soil conservation projects.

4. Disaster Prevention andPreparedness
4.2 Observing, Forecasting and Warning ofDisaster Risks– JMA issues a wide range of forecasts, warnings
and advisories regarding earthquake generated
tsunamis and severe weather events such as
heavy rain.
– 24-hour systems to carefully monitor various
natural phenomena and weather conditions

4. Disaster Prevention andPreparedness
4.3 Disaster Reduction Drills and Exercises– To review the effectiveness of the disastermanagement system in view of quick andappropriate emergency operations– To enhance public awareness through wide
participation.
– September 1st, Disaster Reduction Day, widearea, large-scale disaster reduction drills are
conducted nationwide in collaboration withdisaster related organizations.

4. Disaster Prevention andPreparedness
4.4 Total Disaster Risks Management (TDRM)
Disaster Risk = function (Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability)

To reduce disaster risk, it is important to reduce thelevel of vulnerability and to keep exposure as far
away from hazards as possible by relocating
populations and property.

Disaster Prevention andPreparedness
4.4 Total Disaster Risks
Management (TDRM)
Disaster Risk Management
Cycle

Post-disaster stage
Pre-disaster stage• Prevention/Mitigation
–

–
–



Action of prevent or mitigate
damage (e.g. construction of dikes
and dams against floods)

Preparedness
Emergency drills
Public awarenessResponse

Search & rescue operation, firstaid, fire fighting andevacuation.

Rehabilitation/ReconstructionTransportation recovery
Reconstruction of building
Lifeline recovery

4. Disaster Prevention andPreparedness
4.5 Community Based Disaster Management(CBDM)– Promotes a bottom-up approach working inharmony with the top - down approach, toaddress the challenges and difficulties.
– Supporting local communities to analyzing
their hazardous conditions, vulnerabilities andcapacities from their viewpoint.
– In case of disasters, the people at thecommunity level most affected because they
are the ones directly hit by disasters, whether
major or minor.
– Through the CBDM, the people’s capacity torespond to emergencies is increased byproviding them with more access and control
over resources and basic social services.

4. Disaster Prevention andPreparedness
4.6 Town-watching and Hazard Map Workshop• To raise community awareness of natural
disasters• Activities during the workshop– Lectures about natural disaster, disaster risk
management and methodology of hazard mapping– Divided into groups and observing the study area
(disaster-prone area)– Identify the problems and advantages of the area
– Discussing and developing group hazard map– Presenting their finding– Q&A among groups• After the workshop, participants learnt about thevulnerability, risk and capacity of the area

4. Disaster Prevention andPreparedness
4.7 Disaster Awareness Program• Nationwide Movement for Disaster Reduction– Publication of “Basic Framework for Promoting a Nationwide
Movement for Disaster Reduction – Actions with Added Valueto Security and Safety”• Disaster Awareness Campaign:––––

1st Sep - Disaster Reduction Day
30th Aug to 5th Sep- Disaster Reduction Week
17th Jan - Disaster Reduction & Volunteer Day
15th to 21st Jan - Disaster Reduction & Volunteer Week

– Training to volunteer, local organization and residents such as:
fighting fires, fighting floods, search and rescue, first aid, andevacuation.

• Disaster Education in School– Learning about disaster during childhood– Promoted disaster education by Cabinet Office.

Information
Sharing/Cooperation• UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction• International Strategy for Disaster Reduction• Initiative for Disaster Reduction through ODA• International Emergency Assistance• Regional Cooperation through Asian Disaster

Reduction Center (ADRC)• Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation
System (IOTWS)• International Recovery Platform (IRP)• GLobal IDEntifier Number (GLIDE)• Disaster Reduction Hyperbase-Asian Application(DRH-Asia)

Disaster Memorial
Aims:• To hand down lesson learned of natural
disasters to future generations.
• To educate people about disasterprevention and preparedness.
• To commemorate the tragic event ofdisasters.

Disaster Memorial
1. Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
Memorial• Located in Kobe HAT, next to ADRC
• Information of Great Hanshin-Awaji
Earthquake such as publications, photos
and videos• Demonstration about earthquake motion
and retro-fitting building by volunteer

Disaster Memorial
2. Nojima Fault Preservation Museum• Fault of Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake
passes through Hokkudan town
• Preserved badly damaged house by thefault• Survivors’ experiences about earthquake• Earthquake simulator

Disaster Memorial
3. Mt. Unzen Disaster Memorial Hall
• Commemorates Mt. Unzen volcano eruption a decadesago, caused substantial damage and casualties by the
pyroclastic flows and mudslides that devastated the area.
• Exhibition about volcanic activity and impact of volcano
eruption.
• Ono Koba Primary School, damaged in the large
pyroclastic flows of 1991 and preserved as a site forstudying the destruction.
• Research Center for study volcanic activity of Mt. Unzen

Disaster Countermeasures ofPrivate Companies
1. NTT West Corporation• Subsidiary of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone•(NTT)
Provides telecommunication services to WestJapan.

– Securing critical communications• Introducing emergency number services such as 110,••

119, and 118 to prevent call congestion during
disaster
Provide Disaster Emergency Message Dial (171) andother services as a means of checking on the safetyof relatives and friends in affected areas,
Make their public telephones available free of charge,
and provide specially installed public telephones at
evacuation sites and other locations in affectedareas for use by residents

Disaster Countermeasures ofPrivate Companies
NTT West Corporation• Improve communications network reliability– implementing transmission line multi-routing– design communications equipment, buildings, steel
towers, and other facilities to withstand disasters inaccordance with predetermined standards.

• Prompt restoration of communications services– Provide mobile disaster response equipment suchas power supply vehicles, portable satellite
equipment, and portable mobile base stations– For major disaster events, a disaster management
headquarters and other emergency structures arealso immediately set up and work to promptly
restore communications services.

Disaster Countermeasures ofPrivate Companies
2. Kansai Electric Power• Established “Disaster Prevention Work Plan”• Revising company rules in preparation of disasters• The Emergency Disaster Team takes control in theevent of a disaster and works to restore power incoordination with the administration, police, fire
department, etc.
• Established a plan for quick restoration of power
supply• Promoting special countermeasures to deal with
Tokai earthquakes in compliance with the “Large
Scale Earthquake Countermeasures Special
Measures Law”

Disaster Countermeasures ofPrivate Companies
3. Osaka Gas• Preparedness for Large Earthquakes– Substituting conventional gas pipes to polyethylene(PE) pipes that are highly resistant to earthquake
damage– Installing intelligent meters that automatically shut off
gas supplies when seismic tremors are detected– Developing an emergency communications network,• Established 24hours emergency response service• Conducted Disaster Prevention Drills to improve
preparedness and maintain safety awareness.

Discussion• After big disaster events– Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake 1995

• Various acts regarding earthquake• Disaster Reduction and Volunteer Day/Week– Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004

• National Early Warning Tsunami• Awareness Program• Multi-hazard Early Warning System• Annual allocation budget from government• Malaysia approaches is multi-purpose, e.g. Multi-

Hazard Early Warning System and SMART Tunnel• Malaysia need more specific and comprehensive
legal provision in disaster management• Both countries have similar concept of disastermanagement but different in size and approaches
due to type, severities and frequencies of disasters,
populations, financial strength, civilization and also
past experiences of disaster.

Conclusion• Due to climate change and worse disaster trends(in term of severity and frequency) nowadays, weshould aware and be prepared of upcoming
disasters.

• Good knowledge about disasters among citizen
greatly reduce the impact of disasters.

• Good collaboration with international organizationsuch as ADRC, WMO, JICA, UN, etc of sharing
information and technologies.

• Good cooperation between local agencies topromote better ways in dealing with disasters.

ACTION PLAN UPON RETURN TO
MALAYSIA
•
•

•
•
•
•

Deliver a talk during in house technical seminar to mycolleagues to present what I have learned during thiscourse.
Enrich Malaysian Meteorological Department awareness day
by introducing Volunteer Day/Week Concept, Community
Based Disaster Management, Town-watching and Hazard
Map Programme.
Set up criteria for reporting occurrence of disaster andparticipate actively of reporting in GLIDE Number.
Propose to my department to draft Meteorological Act.
Distribute the materials provided during this course to therelevant division.
Initiate affords to work with NGOs in building up awarenessregarding disasters amongst the public.

Suggestion to VR Program• Reduce the period and increase theparticipants• Categorize/simplify multi-language
disaster dictionary• Select participant from similar nature ofjob• Take extra effort to collect membership
fees

ADRC

Asian Disaster Reduction Center(ADRC)

Thank you for your kindattention
TERIMA KASIH
ありがとう