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Joint Crediting Mechanism Approved Methodology ET_AM003“Introduction of Biomass Combined Heat and Power Plant”
A. Title of the methodology
Introduction of Biomass Combined Heat and Power Plant, Version 01.0

B. Terms and definitions
TermsDefinitions

Biomass combined heat and A biomass combined heat and power (CHP) plant consists ofpower planta biomass boiler and a generator set (genset) which uses theheat produced by the biomass boiler to generate electricity.

ORC genset

An ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) genset uses an organic
fluid with a boiling point lower than water to drive a turbine
to generate electricity.

C. Summary of the methodology
Items

Summary

GHG emission reduction

Displacement of fossil fuel consumed for heat production andmeasureselectricity generation by installation and operation of a biomass
CHP plant.

Calculation of reference

The reference emissions are the sum of the reference emissions

emissionsfrom heat production and electricity generation. The former iscalculated by multiplying the net heat quantity provided to theheat loads from the biomass CHP plant by the inverse of theconservative boiler efficiency and emission factor of diesel. The
latter is calculated by multiplying the quantity of electricity
generated from the biomass CHP plant by: 1) the conservative
ratio of time when captive gensets are in use and conservativeemission factor of captive gensets, in case the project site isconnected to the national grid; or 2) the conservative emission
factor of captive gensets, in case the project site is not connected1

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to the national grid.
Calculation of project

The project emissions are assumed to be zero.

emissionsMonitoring parameters

The quantity of net heat provided to the heat loads andelectricity generated by the biomass CHP plant.

D. Eligibility criteria
This methodology is applicable to projects that satisfy all of the following criteria.
Criterion 1

The project installs a biomass CHP plant consisted of a biomass boiler and an
ORC genset at a biomass processing factory, and uses the residue of production
activities as feedstock.

Criterion 2

The electricity generated from the biomass CHP plant is not fed into the nationalgrid.

E. Emission Sources and GHG types
Reference emissions
Emission sources

GHG types

Production of heat using fossil fuel

CO2

Generation of electricity using fossil fuel as power source

CO2

Project emissions
Emission sources

GHG types

Generation of heat and electricity from biomass CHP plant.

N/A

F. Establishment and calculation of reference emissions
F.1. Establishment of reference emissionsa) Reference emissions from heat generation
In Ethiopia, the common source of energy for boilers used in industries is diesel.
The efficiency of the latest fossil fuel-fired steam boilers is around 90%. The efficiency of themodern fossil fuel-fired thermal oil boilers can be as high as 93%. Normally, the actual
efficiency during operation will be lower than these maximum figures as the boilers sometimes2

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run under partial loads.
In order to achieve net emission reductions, it is assumed that the heat provided to the heatloads from the biomass CHP plant displaces heat produced by a diesel-fired boiler running
constantly at an efficiency of 93%.
b) Reference emissions from electricity generationb-1) In case the project site is connected to the national grid
The power source of the national grid of Ethiopia is almost 100% renewable. However, powerinterruption is very common and industries requiring continuous operation resort to captive
diesel power generation.
It is assumed that 2% of the electricity generated from the biomass CHP plant displaces
electricity generated by a captive diesel genset using the most efficient diesel power generator
in the world, and the balance displaces grid electricity, which is assumed to have an emission
factor of zero. The value 2% corresponds to the percentage of time power was interrupted in theyear which had the shortest average annual time of power interruption during the June 2013 toMay 2016 period.
The most efficient diesel generator in the world has a generation efficiency close to 49%. The
reference emission factor of captive gensets is set to 0.533 tCO2/MWh, which is derived from ageneration efficiency of 49%. This ensures net emission reductions because the default value forboth the annual time of power interruption and emission factor of captive gensets is set in aconservative manner.
b-2) In case the project site is not connected to the national grid
It is assumed that all of the electricity generated from the biomass CHP plant displaces
electricity generated by a captive diesel genset using the most efficient diesel power generator
in the world. The same above-mentioned reference emission factor of 0.533 tCO2/MWh isapplied to achieve net emission reductions.
F.2. Calculation of reference emissions
REp = REth,p + REel,p
REp: Reference emissions during period p [tCO2/p]

REth,p : Reference emissions from heat generation during period p [tCO2/p]3

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REel,p : Reference emissions from electricity generation during period p [tCO2/p]

RE th, p = å HPi, p / h ´ EFthi

REth,p : Reference emissions from heat generation during period p [tCO2/p]
HPi,p: Net heat quantity provided to heat load i by project biomass CHP plant during period p[TJ/p]

h: Reference boiler efficiency [%]EFth: Reference CO2 emission factor of reference fuel [tCO2/TJ]

For calculation of reference emissions from electricity generation, either Option 1 or Option 2 isselected.
Option 1: In case the project site is connected to the national grid.

RE el, p = EG p ´ PI ´ EFel
REel,p : Reference emissions from electricity generation during period p [tCO2/p]
EGp: Quantity of electricity generated by project biomass CHP plant during period p[MWh/p]

PI: Reference percentage of grid power interruption time [%]EFel: Reference CO2 emission factor of captive gensets [tCO2/MWh]

Option2: In case the project site is not connected to the national grid

RE el, p = EG p ´ EFelREel,p : Reference emissions from electricity generation during period p [tCO2/p]
EGp: Quantity of electricity generated by project biomass CHP plant during period p[MWh/p]

EFel: Reference CO2 emission factor of captive gensets [tCO2/MWh]

G. Calculation of project emissions
PEp = 04

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PEp: Project emissions during period p [tCO2/p]

H. Calculation of emissions reductions
ERp = REp − PEp= REp
ERp: Emission reductions during period p [tCO2/p]

REp: Reference emissions during period p [tCO2/p]PEp: Project emissions during period p [tCO2/p]

I. Data and parameters fixed ex ante
The source of each data and parameter fixed ex ante is listed as below.
Parameter

hDescription of dataSource

The reference boiler efficiency: set to 93%

Additional information.

referring to the maximum efficiency of theThe default boiler efficiency ismodern fossil fuel-fired thermal oil boilers.

derived from the website
survey on the modern fossil
fuel-fired thermal oil boilers.
The default value is revised if
deemed necessary by the JC.

EFthThe reference CO2 emission factor of theThe default emission factor ofreference fuel: set to 74.1 tCO2/TJ identifying

diesel oil for stationary

diesel as the reference fuel.

combustion in energy industries
in the “2006 IPCC Guidelines
for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventory.”

PIThe reference percentage of grid power

Additional information.

interruption time, derived from survey: theThe default reference
percentage of grid powerinterruption time is derived

default value of 2% is applied.

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from the analyses of
information on the powerinterruption in Ethiopia. The
default value is revised if
deemed necessary by the JC.
EFel

The reference CO2 emission factor of captive

Additional information.

gensets, calculated based on the power

The default emission factor
is derived from the result of
the survey on the newhigh-efficient engines using
diesel fuel as power source.

generation efficiency of 49% using diesel fuelas the power source: the default value 0.533
tCO2/MWh is applied.

The default value is revised if
deemed necessary by the JC.

History of the document
Version01.0Date
21 March 2017

Contents revised
JC3, Annex 3
Initial approval.

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