List of Supplementary Materials
Fig. S1: Patient flow diagram.
Fig. S2: Pathway analysis of biomarkers identified in this study.
Table S1: Contents and efficacy of patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Table S2: Clinical characteristics of all control cases
Table S3: Summary of the statistical properties of metabolic pathways.
Supplementary referencesSupplementary Figure 1

Supplementary Figure 2

Supplementary Table 1
Contents and efficacy of patients with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Variables

N=20

Resectability [1]: R/BR/UR

16/3/1

Regimen: GS/GnP

14/6

Dosing period: median (range) month

3.1 (1-14)

RECIST[2], PR/SD/PD

4/15/1

Histological response [1], grade1/grade2

17/3

Post-operative recurrence rate*

30.0 %R, resectable; BR, borderline resectable; UR, unresectable; GS, Gemcitabine/S-1; GnP,Gemcitabine/nab-Paclitaxel; RECIST, Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors; PR, partial
response; SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease*: median follow-up period was 9 months.

Supplementary Table 2
Clinical characteristics of all control cases
collection dateAge(yy/mm/dd)(years)S-01

20/03/18

S-02

ID

genderDiagnosis

62

male

Sigmoid diverticulitis

20/03/25

56

femaleHyperventilation syndrome

S-03

20/03/25

79

male

Cerebral surface vein thrombosis

S-04

20/04/01

63

femaleMeniere's disease

S-05

20/04/15

83

female

Fever

S-06

20/04/29

87

femalePseudo-gout

S-07

20/05/06

82

femaleMild heat stroke

S-08

20/05/20

81

femaleHead bruise

S-09

20/05/27

81

femaleIntercostal neuralgia

S-10

20/05/27

58

femaleAcute gastritis

S-11

20/06/10

72

female

Fever

S-12

20/06/1056

malehigh blood pressureS-1320/06/24

77

male

Constipation

S-14

20/07/01

77

male

Inguinal hernia

S-15

20/07/08

72

femaleCold

S-16

20/07/15

79

male

Gastroenteritis

S-17

20/07/15

58

malepanic disorder

S-18

20/07/29

85

maleFace bruise

S-19

20/07/29

61

male

Acute gastritis

S-20

20/07/29

62

femaleEpistaxis

V-01

20/08/05

86

femaleTransient loss of consciousness

V-02

20/08/05

60

male

Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease

V-03

20/08/19

73

femaleVertigoV-04

20/08/19

58

femaleVertigoV-05

20/09/02

79

femaleCold

V-06

20/09/09

58

male

Ureteral stoneV-07

20/09/16

61

male

Chest bruise

V-08

20/09/23

81

male

Waist bruise

V-09

20/09/23

71

femaleDiarrhea

V-10

20/09/23

80

femalePneumonia

Supplementary Table 3
Summary of the statistical properties of metabolic pathways.
Pathway name

Total

Hits

p-value-log10(p)FDRImpactHistidine metabolism

165

7.86E-06

5.10433.30.E-04

0.49999

Arginine and proline metabolism

38

9

1.96E-05

4.70683.36.E-04

0.42925

Glutathione metabolism

286

8.43E-05

4.0742

7.73.E-04

0.39476

Arginine biosynthesis

148

9.21E-05

4.03597.73.E-04

0.59898

FDR, false-discovery rate

Supplementary references1.

Isaji S. Classification of Pancreatic Carcinoma (Fourth English Edition) edited by Japan
Pancreas Society. Kanehara & CO, Ltd. 2016.

2.

Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz LH, Sargent D, Ford R, et al. New response
evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). European
journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 2009;45(2):228-47.