JCM_VN_AM010_ver01.0
Sectoral scope: 03
Joint Crediting Mechanism Approved Methodology VN_AM010“Introduction of tunnel and/or shuttle kiln with waste heat recovery system”

A. Title of the methodology
Introduction of tunnel and/or shuttle kiln with waste heat recovery system, Version 01.0

B. Terms and definitions
Terms
Tunnel kiln

Definitions
Long-shaped, continuous type firing kiln for ceramics,
refractory materials, which is equipped with firing and coolingunit. First, product is installed on the top of a kiln car. Second,
the kiln car enters the kiln, moves to the firing unit of the kiln
and the product is fired. Then the kiln car moves to thecooling unit of the kiln and the product is cooled with ambient
air. Lastly the kiln car moves out from the kiln. The movementof the kiln car is continuous and homogeneous products areproduced in large quantity.

Shuttle kiln

Batch type firing kiln for ceramics, refractory materials. First,
product is placed in the kiln. Then the kiln fires the product.
After the firing is completed, the product is cooled in the kiln
with ambient air and moves out from the kiln.

Waste heat recovery system

Equipment and/or system to recover heat from exhaust gas or
hot air after cooling.
Heat will be recovered directly from the hot air after coolingthe product in tunnel kiln and from exhaust gas through heatexchanger in shuttle kiln.
In case of the tunnel kiln, the system has a structure whichleads hot air after cooling product taken out from the cooling
unit to flow into the firing unit, in order to use that air as
combustion air in the firing unit.
In case of the shuttle kiln, the system has a structure whichleads exhaust gas from the kiln to heat exchanger for
pre-heating the combustion air.

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Sectoral scope: 03
C. Summary of the methodology
Items

SummaryGHG emission reduction This methodology involves the installation of tunnel kiln
measuresand/or shuttle kiln with waste heat recovery system. Tunnelkiln and/or shuttle kiln is typically installed without waste heatrecovery system. Thus the introduction of tunnel and/or shuttle
kiln with waste heat recovery system will contribute to thereduction of natural gas as fuel for the kiln, and thus to theGHG emission reductions.

Calculation

ofreference Reference emissions are calculated by net supplied heatemissionsquantity recovered by the project waste heat recovery systemand emission factor of natural gas.

Calculation

ofproject Project emissions are not considered as waste heat recovery

emissionssystem does not utilize any fossil fuel.

Monitoring parameters

 Quantity of supplied air for combustion which waspre-heated by waste heat recovery system Annual average temperature of supplied combustion air
entering the firing unit of project tunnel and/or shuttle kiln

D. Eligibility criteria
This methodology is applicable to projects that satisfy all of the following criteria.
Criterion 1

The project introduces tunnel and/or shuttle kiln with waste heat recoverysystem.

Criterion 2

Periodical check is planned more than one (1) time annually.

E. Emission Sources and GHG types
Reference emissions
Emission sources

GHG types

Consumption of natural gas by reference tunnel kiln and/or shuttle kiln CO2
Project emissions
Emission sources

GHG types

N/AN/A2

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Sectoral scope: 03F. Establishment and calculation of reference emissions
F.1. Establishment of reference emissions
Reference emissions are calculated by net supplied heat quantity recovered by the project waste
heat recovery system and emission factor of natural gas. Heat quantity recovered from waste
heat will be calculated by multiplying supplied combustion air quantity which was pre-heatedby waste heat recovery system, specific heat of combustion air and temperature difference
between the temperature of combustion air and temperature of ambient.
The ambient temperature is determined conservatively on the basis of the data from the mean
monthly maximum temperature per the unit of special city or province in Vietnam. The default
value is set at the highest value among the mean monthly maximum temperature which is35.8 °C
F.2. Calculation of reference emissions

RE୮ = RH୮ × EF୒ୋ
WhereREp:

RHp:

EFNG

:

Reference emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]
Net supplied heat quantity recovered by the project during the period p[GJ/p]
CO2 emission factor of natural gas [tCO2/GJ]

RH୮ = ෍ RG୧,୮ × SF × TD୔୎,୧,୮ × 10ିଷ௜

WhereSupplied combustion air quantity of project tunnel and/or shuttle kiln
RGi,p:

i which was pre-heated by waste heat recovery system during theperiod p [t/p]SF:Specific heat of supplied combustion air [MJ/t·K]

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TDPJ,i,p:Temperature difference of project tunnel and/or shuttle kiln i andambient during the project period p [K/p]RG୧,୮ = DG × RGV୧,୮ × 10ିଷ

WhereDG:

Density of supplied combustion air [kg/Nm3]
Supplied combustion air quantity of project tunnel and/or shuttle kiln

RGVi,p:i which was pre-heated by waste heat recovery system during theperiod p [Nm3/p]TD୔୎,୧,୮ = TM୰୥,୧,୮ − TMୟ୫

WhereTMrg,i,p:Temperature of supplied combustion air entering the firing unit of theproject tunnel and/or shuttle kiln i during the project period p [°C/p]

TMam:

Temperature of ambient of project tunnel and/or shuttle kiln [°C]

G. Calculation of project emissions

PE୮ = 0Where
PEp:

Project emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

H. Calculation of emissions reductions

ER ୮ = RE୮ − PE୮
ERp:

Emission reductions during the period p [tCO2/p]

REp:

Reference emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]

PEp:

Project emissions during the period p [tCO2/p]4

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I. Data and parameters fixed ex ante
The source of each data and parameter fixed ex ante is listed as below.
Parameter

EFNG

Description of dataSource

CO2 emission factor of natural gas

IPCC default value from

0.0543 tCO2/GJ“2006 IPCC Guidelines for
National Greenhouse Gas
Inventory, Volume2”

SF

Specific heat of supplied combustion air
1.006 MJ/t·K

DG

Density of supplied combustion air

JIS K 2249-1：2011, 6 a)31.293 kg/NmTMam

Temperature of ambient of project tunnel

Default value set in the

and/or shuttle kiln [°C]

methodology

35.8 °C

History of the document
Version01.0Date
29 August 2018

Contents revised
Decision by the Joint Committee
Initial approval.

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