zkC.R.E.A.M
Zero-Knowledge Confidential Reliable Ethereum Anonymous Mixer© Couger Inc. All rights reserved.

Index■ Overview
About zkC.R.E.A.M

P.2■ Features
Confidentiality

P.3

Preventing Complicity and Collusion

P.5

Verifiability

P.6

Impartial participation

P.7■ Use Case
Usage Flow Chart© Couger Inc. All rights reserved.

P.8

1

zkC.R.E.A.M■ zkC.R.E.A.M is an open-source product based on the technology of Ethereum.
■ Taking advantage of the characteristics of the blockchain, the specifications do not require a centralized third party and the voting resultscannot be tampered with.
■ Furthermore, by introducing mixer technology and exchanging encrypted tokens, we have created a system that allows a third party tofairly verify the results while maintaining a high level of anonymity.

https://zkcre.am/© Couger Inc. All rights reserved.

2

Features of zkC.R.E.A.M ①

Confidentiality

Features of zkC.R.E.A.M

What it can do■ It introduces a revolutionary mixer technology* that

■ Voters can cast their votes completely anonymously.

assumes zero-knowledge proof, implemented by Vitalik
Buterin, the inventor of Ethereum.
This technology is used in tornado.cash and otherapplications.

■ Third parties can only check statistical information, suchas the ballot distribution and the overall turnout in
preparation for voting.
The voter's voting address and other information cannot
be viewed by third parties.

■ It issues irreplaceable voting tokens and obfuscatestransactions with a decentralized protocol.

*Mixer technology: Technology that keeps secret who votes for whom by pooling voting tokens into a contract and having a separate account for token
transfer move them to the candidate.
Candidate's
Contract
The source of the move is theaddress
Another account 'A', 'B', or 'C'
account for the token transfer,for token transfer moves theand the vote can be kept secret
ReceiveAB
as to from whoever it came.
vote as a proxy.
ACandidate
Receive
X
B
A
B
Receive
CVoterCCA’

B’C’© Couger Inc. All rights reserved.

Candidate
Y3

Features of zkC.R.E.A.M ②

Preventing Complicity and Collusion
Features of zkC.R.E.A.M

What it can do■ For future research and development, we are■ The introduction of MACI will prevent typicalincorporating the MACI protocol (MinimalAnti-Collusion Infrastructure protocol), also
developed by Vitalik Buterin.

collusion and conspiracy among voters.

○○■

Collective Voting
Unauthorized transfer of voting rights

Voters can use MACI to intentionally create false
information so that no one but the organizer candetermine the authenticity of the information.

© Couger Inc. All rights reserved.

4

Features of zkC.R.E.A.M ②

Preventing Complicity and Collusion (Example)■ Mr. A asks Mr. B to vote for candidate X.

Mr. B created fake data that made it look like he voted for candidate X, and that he had fulfilled the request. Inreality, he voted for candidate Y. (Not voting for anyone is another possibility)

POINT②Candidate XCandidate Y

Createa fake ballot

Aggregate only the lasttransaction as a valid one

At al later date create
a formal ballot

Instructed to vote .
for candidate X.
POINT①
No one but the organizer canverify that the evidence is fake.

Mr. A

Present
false evidence.

Mr. B

Only the last voting transaction will be counted,
thereby preventing collusion and threats of fraud from other companies.
© Couger Inc. All rights reserved.

5

Features of zkC.R.E.A.M ③

Verifiability
Features of zkC.R.E.A.M

What it can do■ With the introduction of MACI, MACI verification

tools are now available.

■ Each voter can verify that his or her vote has

been counted correctly.

MACI verification tools:
https://github.com/appliedzkp/maci/blob/master/cli/R
EADME.md#demonstration■ Voters can verify the number of ballots issued andthe voter turnout without having to rely on acentral authority.

© Couger Inc. All rights reserved.

6

Features of zkC.R.E.A.M ④

Impartial participation
Features of zkC.R.E.A.M

What it can do■ In order to achieve zero-knowledge proofs, steps■ By using parameters created by multiple people

called "trusted setup" and "ceremony" are taken.

for proof, it is possible to prevent fraud by theorganizer (e.g., tampering with the voter'sauthority).

■ In recent years, this process has also been

decentralized through browser applications, which
zkCREAM also plans to introduce.

© Couger Inc. All rights reserved.

7

Usage Flow Chart（1/ 2）
Ballot preparation
2Sign up ~ voting

Vote Token
Assignment

Owner
1

InitialRegistration

Coordinator

ChainTC

Create Distribute

Authentication

DeployVC

CreateAccept

3Vote
Token Accepted

AcceptAccept45Sign up

VoteVoter*TC = Token Contract, VC = Voting Contract© Couger Inc. All rights reserved.

8

Usage Flow Chart（2/ 2）
Tallying ~ Publishing
7Approval ofvotes

Owner
68
Vote tally

Publishing
results

Coordinator

ChainTC

VC

Results

AcceptDistributeVoter*TC = Token Contract, VC = Voting Contract© Couger Inc. All rights reserved.

9Inquiries

https://couger.co.jp/

Couger Inc.
Koshiichi Building #201, 6-19-16 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku
Tokyo 150-0001, Japan
Attn: zkC.R.E.A.M
info@couger.co.jp© Couger Inc. All rights reserved.