Report for the year 2022 and future activities

SOLAS ‘Mexico’
compiled by: ‘J. Martín Hernández Ayón’
This report has two parts:- Part 1: reporting of activities in the period of January 2022 - Jan/Feb 2023
- Part 2: reporting on planned activities for 2023 and 2024.
The information provided will be used for reporting, fundraising, networking, strategic development
and updating of the live web-based implementation plan. As much as possible, please indicate thespecific SOLAS 2015-2025 Science Plan Themes addressed by each activity or specify an overlap
between Themes or Cross-Cutting Themes.
1 Greenhouse gases and the oceans;
2 Air-sea interfaces and fluxes of mass and energy;
3 Atmospheric deposition and ocean biogeochemistry;
4 Interconnections between aerosols, clouds, and marine ecosystems;
5 Ocean biogeochemical control on atmospheric chemistry;Integrated studies of high sensitivity systems;
Environmental impacts of geoengineering;
Science and society.
IMPORTANT: This report should reflect the efforts of the SOLAS community in the entire country
you are representing (all universities, institutes, lab, units, groups, cities).
First things first…Please tell us what the IPO may do to help you in your current and future
SOLAS activities. ?

PART 1 - Activities from January 2022 to Jan/Feb 2023
1. Scientific highlight For the first time, 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE OCEAN IN A HIGH CO2WORLD. was held in Latin America, which brought together more than 250 researchers
from different countries and students from the region, in person and remotely. International
acidification networks such as GOA ON and LAOCA were present, highlighting the CoastalMarine Stressors Research Network - REMARCO, in which Peru actively participates,developing the IAEA RLA 7025 regional research project for the strengthening of marinecoastal studies, being one of the axes is acidification. During four days, this meeting allowed
us to have a better understanding of the impacts of ocean acidification on the different marineecosystems. Plenary sessions, presentations and poster presentations were held, as well as
parallel events that sought to make visible to different actors in society this topical issue andconcern such as ocean acidification. For its part, the multidisciplinary nature of thesymposium allowed addressing aspects associated with monitoring and observations,modelling, field and laboratory studies, experimentation with multiple stressors. The sessions
emphasized the processes and impacts, as well as the consequences for humans andpossible responses through policy and management. Interest groups, artisanal fishermen andrepresentatives of the aquaculture sector of Chile, Ecuador and Peru participated in order tosocialize the issue and generate an exchange of potential solutions and strategies, whichallow progress in the adoption of a State policy to face the acidification of the ocean, in linewith UN SDG 14 on Life Underwater, and target 14.3.1 to "minimize and address the impactsof ocean acidification, including through increased scientific cooperation at all levels. In thisway, Peru successfully joins the realization of this event, preceded by the one in Paris in2004, Monaco in 2008, Monterey in 2012 and Hobart in 2016.
New Gulf of Mexico Initiative Seeks to Address Ocean Acidification AcrossInternational Borders. A team of scientists from the U.S., Mexico and Cuba met recently toexchange information and begin development of a new tri-national initiative designed toaddress the socioeconomic impacts of ocean acidification (OA) in the Gulf of Mexico basedon common needs across nations. The Gulf of Mexico International Ocean Acidification
Summit, which took place Oct. 18-19 in Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico, and included
representatives from government agencies, universities, research institutes, nongovernmental organizations and students, was sponsored by the Furgason Fellowship of theHarte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies (HRI) at Texas A&amp;M UniversityCorpus Christi.

2. Activities/main accomplishments in 2022 (e.g., projects; field campaigns; workshops andconferences; model and data intercomparisons; capacity building; internationalcollaborations; contributions to int. assessments such as IPCC; collaborations with socialsciences, humanities, medicine, economics and/or arts; interactions with policy makers,companies, and/or journalists and media).


3. List SOLAS-related publications published in 2022 (only PUBLISHED articles).
If any, please also list weblinks to models, datasets, products, etc.
Emily Osborne, Xinping Hu, Emily R. Hall, Kimberly Yates, Jennifer Vreeland-Dawson, Katie
Shamberger, Leticia Barbero, J. Martin Hernandez-Ayon, Fabian A. Gomez, Tacey Hicks, Yuan-YuanXu, Melissa R. McCutcheon, Michael Acquafredda, Cecilia Chapa-Balcorta, Orion Norzagaray, Denis
Pierrot, Alain Munoz-Caravaca, Kerri L. Dobson, Nancy Williams, Nancy Rabalais, Padmanava Dash,
Ocean acidification in the Gulf of Mexico: Drivers, impacts, and unknowns (2022). Progress in
Oceanography, 209,102882.DOI:10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102882.
Jiang Li-Qing, Pierrot Denis, Wanninkhof Rik, Feely Richard A., Tilbrook Bronte, Alin Simone, BarberoLeticia, Byrne Robert H., Carter Brendan R., Dickson Andrew G., Gattuso Jean-Pierre, Greeley Dana,Hoppema Mario, Humphreys Matthew P., Karstensen Johannes, Lange Nico, Lauvset Siv K., LewisErnie R., Olsen Are, Pérez Fiz F., Sabine Christopher, Sharp Jonathan D., Tanhua Toste, Trull
Thomas W., Velo Anton, Allegra Andrew J., Barker Paul, Burger Eugene, Cai Wei-Jun, Chen ChenTung A., Cross Jessica, Garcia Hernan, Hernandez-Ayon Jose Martin, Hu Xinping, Kozyr Alex,Langdon Chris, Lee Kitack, Salisbury Joe, Wang Zhaohui Aleck, Xue Liang., (2022). Best PracticeData Standards for Discrete Chemical Oceanographic Observations. Frontiers in Marine Science: 8,2022. /10.3389/fmars.2021.705638

Garcia-Orozco, J., Huerta-Diaz, M. A., Mejia-Piña, K. G., Delgadillo-Hinojosa, F., Valdivieso-Ojeda, J.
A., & Árcega-Cabrera, F. (2022). Pyrite and reactive iron fluxes in deep (> 966 m) sediments of theGulf of Mexico. Chemical Geology, 612, 121148.
Lee-Sánchez, E., Camacho-Ibar, V. F., Velásquez-Aristizábal, J. A., Valencia-Gasti, J. A., &Samperio-Ramos, G. (2022). Impacts of mesoscale eddies on the nitrate distribution in the deepwater region of the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Marine Systems, 229, 103721.
Cervantes-Díaz, G. Y., Hernández-Ayón, J. M., Zirino, A., Herzka, S. Z., Camacho-Ibar, V.,
Norzagaray, O., ... & Delgado, J. A. (2022). Understanding upper water mass dynamics in the Gulf ofMexico by linking physical and biogeochemical features. Journal of Marine Systems, 225, 103647.
Barranco, L. M., Ayón, J. M. H., Pech, D., Enriquez, C., Herrera, J., Mariño, I., & Herguera, J. C.
(2022). Physical and biogeochemical controls of the carbonate system of the Yucatan Shelf.
Continental Shelf Research, 244, 104807.
4. Did you engage any stakeholders/societal partners/external research users in order to coproduce knowledge in 2022? If yes, who? How did you engage?
A panel we call “Con-Science in OA for society and decision makers” September 10, 2022 andSunday, September 11, 2022. Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima Peru. Side Event: 5TH
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE OCEAN IN A HIGH CO2 WORLD.

PART 2 - Planned activities for 2023 and 20241. Planned major national and international field studies and collaborative laboratory andmodelling studies (incl. all information possible, dates, locations, teams, work, etc.).

Project 2021-2023: Phytoplankton Blooms in a Loop Current Eddy (PhytBloomEddy)
This project is running since 2021 last year, the conceptual framework is inconsistent withrecent Bio-Argo floats observations scattered in the GoM reported by several authors thatshow constant vertically integrated content of Chla and phytoplankton production in theGulf of Mexico (GoM) throughout the year. However, a regionalization of the open waters of
the Gulf of Mexico based on the seasonal and interannual variability of chlorophyll
concentration using a coupled physical-biogeochemical model shows that the central andnorthern Gulf of Mexico appears to be affected by winter convection and phytoplankton
bloom driven by the increase of nutrient concentration in the euphotic layer. While theimportance of mesoscale eddies in physical and biological processes has been recognized,
above cited literature shows that contrasting results exist regarding the role of theanticyclonic warm core eddies in the upper ocean ecosystem and their role in the annual
cycle of phytoplankton biomass and community structure. A better understanding of theinfluence of the mixed-layer depth on biological activity in the GoM is clearly needed. The
project target is to understand, from observational and numerical approaches, how physicaltransport mechanisms, (turbulent) winter convention and (advective) eddy-induced Ekman
pumping, influence nutrient, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), glider-inferred particulateorganic carbon (POC), and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fluxes; phytoplankton
biomass and community structure, and ultimately how are they linked in the context of thebiological carbon pump. A new report based on 25-years (1993-2017) of daily satellite data(Delgado et al., 2019) shows three main aspects of physical-biogeochemical interactions in
the Gulf of Mexico: 1) The intrusion of the subtropical underwater (SUW) by LC- LCEs
extends further into the western GoM than was previously known; 2) Chl-a concentrations
respond to the dynamics inside the GoM and are influenced by the LC anticyclonic andcyclonic eddies and 3) Since 2002, near surface Chl-a concentrations over bathymetry
deeper than 250 m have decreased, and GoM surface waters may be turning moreoligotrophic than in the previous decade. This work emphasizes the role of climatology indetermining GoM circulation and its productivity and suggests that further climatologicallyinduced changes are probably imminent. It explores the ability of the LCEs to export
carbon into the deep ocean, in response to increasingly frequent extreme wind events

(tropical storms and cold-fronts) in the Gulf of Mexico. The project is led by Dr. Enrick
Pallas with institution involved as Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Educacion Superior
de Ensenada (CICESE) and two researchers from the University of Baja California.

2. Events like conferences, workshops, meetings, summer schools, capacity building etc.
(incl. all information possible).

A POGO meeting will be scheduled be held in Ensenada, Baja California Mexico on the 26th and27th of April 2023. be held in Ensenada on the 26th and 27th of April. During the workshop,participants will work on detecting key data gaps and prioritize monitoring needs, as well as
outlining a plan for engagement with the national or international entities responsible for monitoring
efforts, stakeholders and users of information so as to set the foundation for furthering andcoordinating monitoring efforts in the GoM. A listing of possible funding national and international
agencies will also be compiled. We envision that the work group's efforts will lay the foundation for
subsequent efforts aimed at establishing monitoring of key variables and processes within theGoM, which is consistent with POGO’s mission. During the workshop, participants will work on
detecting key data gaps and prioritize monitoring needs, as well as outlining a plan for engagementwith the national or international entities responsible for monitoring efforts, stakeholders and users
of information so as to set the foundation for furthering and coordinating monitoring efforts in theGoM. A listing of possible funding national and international agencies will also be compiled. The
group envision that the work efforts will lay the foundation for subsequent efforts aimed at
establishing monitoring of key variables and processes within the GoM, which is consistent withPOGO’s mission.

A North American Regional Hub Members OA virtual meeting is scheduled for Monday June 26
12pm - 2:30pm EDT/9am-11:30pm PDT. But also in-person North American Regional HubMembers Hub Meeting for January 17-18, 2024. This will be hosted by Wei-Jun Cai at theUniversity of Delaware.

XIV International Carbon Symposium in Mexico Hosted virtually from the University of Baja
California in Ensenada, Baja California 26 - 28 October 2023 Main theme: Ecosystem Restauration
and Conservation for Climate Change Mitigation.

3. Funded national and international projects/activities underway.
2021-2022 Seatrec FIND Project Proposed Science Mission
The proposed mission of a frequently profiling (≤1 cycle per day) float over a prolonged period(years), sustained by energy harvesting technology, presents a unique opportunity to makescientific discoveries. Most floats profile on the 10-day Argo mission and those that profile more
frequently generally carry only physical (and occasionally biooptical) sensors and expend theirbatteries more rapidly, limiting their science potential. To take advantage of the FIND Project
opportunity, we propose to add chemical and bio-optical sensors (costs covered by NOAA) to theNavisSL1 float to study primary production, carbon export, air-sea fluxes of oxygen and carbon
dioxide gas, as well as modulation of ocean heat content and physical and biogeochemicaltransformations driven by ubiquitous mesoscale structures in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Whilesome of these processes have been evaluated individually on rapidly profiling floats in otherregions, capturing these processes simultaneously and over multiple years will provide new
information in a poorly observed region that is characterized by economically important fisheries,extensive physical and biogeochemical gradients, and extreme weather systems. The GOM
exhibits a year-round >10 °C temperature gradient within the upper 1000m and is home to one ofNOAA’s BGC Argo pilot arrays. A deploy of the Navis-SL1 float in the southwestern deep basin of

the GOM was realized during last fall 2022 by a Mexican-lead research cruise. This float would
complement four NOAA BGC-Apex floats deployed in US GOM waters during 2021. The Navis-SL1float deployment will be coordinated with Mexican seaglider fleet deployments and the resulting
data will be assimilated into ongoing US and Mexico-led regional modelling efforts.

4. Plans / ideas for future national or international projects, programmes, proposals, etc.
(please indicate the funding agencies and potential submission dates).
Mexico as a part of the NorthAmerica´s HuB is also part of the Ocean Acidification Research forSustainability (OARS) - Providing society with the observational and scientific evidence needed tosustainably identify, monitor, mitigate and adapt to ocean acidification; from local to global scales.
GOAON welcome and thank you for participating in the OARS white paper community review.Eachof the seven white papers below outlines the vision for the outcome, highlights the key outputs andproducts, describes the research and outreach activities and identifies the key inputs and partners
necessary to successfully implement each outcome. Details on each outcome and the champions
can be found under the Overview and Outcomes tabs on this site.To participate in the review,please download the PDF of the outcome or outcomes you would like to review and download thereview template to complete it offline. Use the template to submit your specific comments,
referencing the precise outcome and page your comment; one single template can be used toreview more than one white paper. Once you have finished the review, please send your completed
template to the GOA-ON Secretariat secretariat@goa-on.org no later than 30 April 2023.
5. Engagements with other international projects, organisations, programmes, etc.
See the above

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