JCM_MM_F_PM_ver01.0

JCM Proposed Methodology Form
Cover sheet of the Proposed Methodology Form
Form for submitting the proposed methodology
Host Country

Republic of the Union of Myanmar

Name of the methodology proponents JFE Engineering Corporation
submitting this form
Sectoral scope(s) to which the Proposed 1. Energy
Methodology applies

industries(renewable-/

non-renewable sources)
13. Waste handling and disposal

Title of the proposed methodology, and Power generation and avoidance of landfill gas
version number

emissions through combustion of municipal solid
waste (MSW), ver. 01.0

List of documents to be attached to this form

The attached draft JCM-PDD:(please check):

Additional information

Date of completion

12/03/2018

History of the proposed methodology
Version01.0

Date
12/03/2018

Contents revisedFirst edition1

JCM_MM_F_PM_ver01.0

A. Title of the methodology
Power generation and avoidance of landfill gas emissions through combustion of municipal
solid waste (MSW), ver. 01.0

B. Terms and definitions
Terms

Definitions

Municipal solid waste (MSW)

A heterogeneous mix of different solid waste types, usually
collected by municipalities or other local authorities. MSW
includeshouseholdwaste,

garden/park

waste

and

commercial/institutional waste.
Solid

waste

disposalsite Designated areas intended as the final storage place for solid(SWDS)

waste.

C. Summary of the methodology
Items
GHG

emissionmeasures

Summary
reduction Installation of MSW incinerators avoids emissions of methane
associated with disposed organic waste in a SWDS, andelectricity generated by the project facility displaces electricity
from a grid or captive power generator which is generated using
fossil fuels resulting in GHG emission reductions.

Calculationofemissionsreference Reference emissions are calculated as a sum of the following
emissions:

CH4 emissions from SWDS: Calculated from the amount of
MSW and fraction of each waste type incinerated in theincinerator using the first order decay (FOD) model; andCO2 emissions from a grid or captive power generator:
Electricity generated by the project facility multiplied by
the emission factor of displaced electricity.

Calculation
emissionsofproject Project emissions are calculated as a sum of the following
emissions:2

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

CO2 emissions from combustion of fossil carbon containedin MSW: The amount of MSW multiplied by the fraction offossil carbon content and the conversion factor of carbon;



N2O emissions from combustion of waste: The amount of
MSW multiplied by the N2O emission factor associatedwith incineration;

CO2 emissions from electricity used to operate the project
facility: Electricity used to operate the project facility
multiplied by the emission factor of electricity; andCO2 emissions from auxiliary fossil fuel consumption
associated with incineration: The amount of fossil fuelconsumption associated with incineration multiplied by theemission factor of the fossil fuel.

Monitoring parameters

Quantity of MSW fed into incinerator (wet basis);Quantity of electricity generated by the project facility;

Quantity of electricity consumed by the project facility; andQuantity of auxiliary fossil fuel consumed.

D. Eligibility criteria

This methodology is applicable to projects that satisfy all of the following criteria.
Criterion 1

The project newly installs an incinerator, waste heat recovery boiler, exhaust gas
treatment equipment and turbine generator.
The project incinerates municipal solid waste (MSW) which has been disposed at

Criterion 2

a SWDS where the generated landfill gas is not recovered, and generates
electricity from steam produced in waste heat recovery boiler.

Criterion 3

There is a plan to operate the project facility for more than 5 years.

E. Emission Sources and GHG types
Reference emissions
Emission sources

GHG types

Decomposition of waste at a SWDS

CH4Electricity generation

CO2
Project emissions

3

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Emission sources

GHG types

Combustion of fossil carbon contained in waste

CO2

Incineration of waste

N2O

Electricity use by the project facility

CO2Consumption of auxiliary fossil fuels needed to be added into CO2
incinerator

F. Establishment and calculation of reference emissions
F.1. Establishment of reference emissions
A project which applies this methodology incinerates MSW and generates electricity. In
Myanmar, MSW is usually disposed in open dump sites without recovering landfill gas.
Although some initiatives exist to treat waste with alternative methods such as incinerating
MSW, the cost of alternative treatment of waste hampers its installation. Therefore, without thefinancial assistance the alternative waste treatment facility would not be installed. As a result,
BaU for MSW treatment is open dumping and BaU emissions are CH4 emissions fromdecomposition of MSW at a SWDS and CO2 emissions from fossil fuels combusted to generate
electricity which would be displaced by the project. CH4 emissions from decomposition of
MSW at a SWDS are calculated based on a first order decay (FOD) model.
To assure net emission reductions, the model correction factor which accounts for uncertaintyof the model to calculate emissions from decomposition of MSW is set conservatively.
Therefore, the reference emissions are a summation of conservative CH4 emissions fromdecomposition of MSW at a SWDS and CO2 emissions from fossil fuels combusted to generate
electricity which would be displaced by the project.
F.2. Calculation of reference emissions
RE୮ = REେୌସ,୮ + REୣ୪ୣୡ,୮Where:
RE୮

REେୌସ,୮
REୣ୪ୣୡ,୮= Reference emissions during the period p [tCO2e/p]= Reference emissions from decomposition of MSW at a SWDS during the periodp [tCO2e/p]= Reference emissions from electricity generation during the period p [tCO2e/p]

Reference emissions from decomposition of MSW at a SWDS during the period p (RECH4,p) is4

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accounted only from the next calendar year after its disposal at a SWDS (or incineration) due todelay in generation of CH4 from the time of disposal at a SWDS.

REେୌସ,୮ =

୮_ୣ୬ୢ

෍

୷ୀ୮_ୱ୲ୟ୰୲

቎φ × (1 − f) × GWPେୌସ × (1 − OX) ×୷ିଵ

16
× F × DOC୤ × MCF
12× ෍ ෍൛W୧ × P୨ × DOC୨ × eି௞ೕ(୷ିଵି୧) × ൫1 − eି௞ೕ ൯ൟ቏
Where:
REେୌସ,୮y୧ୀଵ୨= Reference emissions from decomposition of MSW at a SWDS during the periodp [tCO2e/p]= The Nth year from the first disposal (or incineration), extending from the firstyear of the period p (y=p_start) to the last year of the period p (y=p_end). If y isequal to 1, methane generation cannot be accounted.

p_startp_end

φf

GWPେୌସ
OX

ଵ଺
ଵଶ

F

DOC୤
MCF
i

= The Nth year from the first disposal (or incineration), which is the first year of
the period p= The Nth year from the first disposal (or incineration), which is the last year of
the period p= Model correction factor to account for model uncertainties= Fraction of methane captured at a SWDS and flared, combusted or used inanother manner that prevents the emissions of methane to the atmosphere= Global Warming Potential of methane [tCO2e/tCH4]= Oxidation factor (reflecting the amount of methane from a SWDS that isoxidized in the soil or other material covering the waste)= Conversion factor [tCH4/tC]= Fraction of methane in the SWDS gas [volume fraction]= Fraction of degradable organic carbon (DOC) that decomposes under the
specific conditions occurring in a SWDS [weight fraction]= Methane correction factor= The Nth year from the first disposal (or incineration), extending from the firstyear in the time period in which MSW is disposed at a SWDS (i = 1) to year y (i
= y)

W୧

P୨

DOC୨

= Quantity of MSW fed into incinerator in the year i (wet basis) [t]= Fraction of the waste type j [weight fraction]= Fraction of degradable organic carbon in the waste type j [weight fraction]5

JCM_MM_F_PM_ver01.0k୨j= Decay rate for the waste type j [1/yr]= Type of waste

REୣ୪ୣୡ,୮ = EGୣ୪ୣୡ,୮ × EFୣ୪ୣୡ

Where:

REୣ୪ୣୡ,୮EGୣ୪ୣୡ,୮
EFୣ୪ୣୡ

= Reference emissions from electricity generation during the period p [tCO2e/p]= Quantity of electricity generated by the project facility during the period p[MWh/p]= Emission factor for electricity generation [tCO2e/MWh]

G. Calculation of project emissions
PE୮ = PEେ୓୑_େ୓ଶ,୮ + PEେ୓୑_୒ଶ୓,୮ + PE୉େ,୮ + PE୊େ,୮
Where:PE୮

= Project emissions during the period p [tCO2e/p]PEେ୓୑_େ୓ଶ,୮ = Project emissions of CO2 from combustion of fossil carbon contained in waste
associated with incineration during the period p [tCO2e/p]PEେ୓୑_୒ଶ୓,୮ = Project emissions of N2O from combustion of waste associated withincineration during the period p [tCO2e/p]PE୉େ,୮
PE୊େ,୮

= Project emissions from electricity consumption by the project facility during theperiod p [tCO2e/p]= Project emissions from auxiliary fossil fuel consumption associated withincineration during the period p [tCO2e/p]
୮_ୣ୬ୢ

44
× ෍ቌ ෍
PEେ୓୑_େ୓ଶ,୮ = EFFେ୓୑ ×
12
Where:

୨

୧ୀ୮_ୱ୲ୟ୰୲

W୧ × P୨ ×

DC
× FCC୨ × FFC୨ ቍ
100PEେ୓୑_େ୓ଶ,୮ = Project emissions of CO2 from combustion of fossil carbon contained in waste
associated with incineration during the period p [tCO2e/p]

EFFେ୓୑
ସସଵଶ

ip_start= Combustion efficiency of incinerator [fraction]= Conversion factor [tCO2/tC]= The Nth year from the first incineration= The Nth year from the first incineration, which is the first year of the period p6

JCM_MM_F_PM_ver01.0

p_end

W୧
P୨

DC

FCC୨

FFC୨
j

= The Nth year from the first incineration, which is the last year of the period p= Quantity of MSW fed into incinerator in the year i (wet basis) [t]= Fraction of the waste type j [weight fraction]= Dry matter content of MSW [%]= Fraction of total carbon content in waste type j [tC/t]= Fraction of fossil carbon in total carbon content of waste type j [weightfraction]= Type of wastePEେ୓୑_୒ଶ୓,୮ =Where:

୮_ୣ୬ୢ෍୧ୀ୮_ୱ୲ୟ୰୲

W୧ × EF୒ଶ୓ × GWP୒ଶ୓

PEେ୓୑_୒ଶ୓,୮ = Project emissions of N2O from combustion of waste associated withincineration during the period p [tCO2e/p]i= The Nth year from the first incineration

p_start= The Nth year from the first incineration, which is the first year of the period p

p_end= The Nth year from the first incineration, which is the last year of the period pW୧= Quantity of MSW fed into incinerator in the year i (wet basis) [t]EF୒ଶ୓= Emission factor for N2O associated with incineration [tN2O/t waste]

GWP୒ଶ୓

= Global Warming Potential of nitrous oxide [tCO2e/tN2O]

PE୉େ,୮ = EC୮ × EFୣ୪ୣୡ
Where:PE୉େ,୮

EC୮

EFୣ୪ୣୡ

= Project emissions from electricity consumption by the project facility during theperiod p [tCO2e/p]= Quantity of electricity consumed by the project facility during the period p[MWh/p]= Emission factor for electricity generation [tCO2e/MWh]PE୊େ,୮ = ෍൫FC୤୳ୣ୪,୮ × NCV୤୳ୣ୪ × EFେ୓ଶ,୤୳ୣ୪൯
Where:

୤୳ୣ୪PE୊େ,୮

= Project emissions from auxiliary fossil fuel consumption associated with

NCV୤୳ୣ୪

= Net calorific value of fuel [GJ/kL or m3]

FC୤୳ୣ୪,୮

incineration during the period p [tCO2e/p]= Quantity of auxiliary fossil fuel consumed during the period p [kL or m3/p]7

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EFେ୓ଶ,୤୳ୣ୪

fuel= CO2 emission factor of fuel [tCO2/GJ]= Type of fuelH. Calculation of emissions reductions
ER ୮ = RE୮ − PE୮
Where:
ER ୮

RE୮
PE୮

= Emission reductions during the period p [tCO2e/p]= Reference emissions during the period p [tCO2e/p]= Project emissions during the period p [tCO2e/p]

I. Data and parameters fixed ex ante
The source of each data and parameter fixed ex ante is listed as below.
ParameterφDescription of data

SourceModel correction factor to account for model CDM Methodological Tool
uncertainties“Emissions from solid

Default value: 0.80

waste disposal sites”

The conservative value was selected from the (Version 07.0)
fdefault values φୢୣ୤ୟ୳୪୲ in the tool.

Fraction of methane captured at a SWDS and Decided taking into
flared, combusted or used in another manner that consideration the situation
prevents the emissions ofmethane to the in Myanmar

atmosphere
Default value: 0
GWPେୌସ

Global Warming Potential of methane [tCO2e/tCH4] Table 2.14, of the errata to
Default value: 25

the contribution ofWorking Group I to the
Fourth Assessment Reportof the IPCC

OX

Oxidation factor (reflecting the amount of methane CDM Methodological Tool
from a SWDS that is oxidized in the soil or other “Emissions from solidmaterial covering the waste)

waste disposal sites”

8

JCM_MM_F_PM_ver01.0

Default value: 0.1
F(Version 07.0)

Fraction of methane in the SWDS gas [volume CDM Methodological Tool
fraction]“Emissions from solid

Default value: 0.5

waste disposal sites”(Version 07.0)

DOC୤

MCF

Fraction of degradable organic carbon (DOC) that CDM Methodological Tool
decomposes under the specific conditions occurring “Emissions from solid
in a SWDS [weight fraction]

waste disposal sites”

Default value: 0.5(Version 07.0)

Methane correction factor

CDM Methodological Tool

Select

one

of

the

followings

takinginto “Emissions from solid

consideration the situation of the project.

waste disposal sites”(Version 07.0)(1) In Yangon City: Default value of 0.8
The appropriate value was selected from the default
values

MCFdefault

in

the

tool

taking

into

consideration the situation in Yangon City.
(2) In other places in Myanmar:(2)-1 In case of a water table above the bottom of
the SWDS, estimate the MCF using the following
equation.
MCF = MAX ቊቆ1 −2 h୵,୷ቇ,ቋd୷d୷

hw,y = Height of water table measured from the baseof the SWDS [m]dy = Depth of the SWDS [m](2)-2 In case that the SWDS does not have a watertable above the bottom of the SWDS, select theapplicable value from the following:

1.0 for anaerobic managed solid waste
disposalsites.

These

have

controlled

placement of waste (i.e. waste directed to
specific deposition areas, a degree of control
of scavenging and a degree of control of fires)and will include at least one of the following:(i) cover material; (ii) mechanical compacting;9

JCM_MM_F_PM_ver01.0

or (iii) leveling of the waste;

0.5 for semi-aerobic managed solid waste
disposalsites.

These

have

controlled

placement of waste and will include all of thefollowing structures for introducing air to thewaste layers: (i) permeable cover material; (ii)leachate drainage system; (iii) regulating
pondage; and (iv) gas ventilation system;

0.8 for unmanaged solid waste disposal sites–
deep. This comprises all SWDS not meetingthe criteria of managed SWDS and which have
depths of greater than or equal to 5 meters;



0.4

for

unmanaged-shallow

solid

waste

disposal sites or stockpiles that are considered
SWDS. This comprises all SWDS not meetingthe criteria of managed SWDS and which have
depths of less than 5 meters. This includes
stockpiles of solid waste that are considered
SWDS.
DOC୨

k୨

Fraction of degradable organic carbon in the waste CDM Methodological Tool
type j [weight fraction]“Emissions from solid

Default values for DOCj:
Waste type jwaste disposal sites”

DOCj[% of wet waste]
Wood and wood products
43
Pulp, paper and cardboard
40(other than sludge)
Food, food waste, beverages
15
and tobacco (other than sludge)
Textiles24
Garden, yard and park waste
20
Nappies
24
Glass, plastic, metal, other0
inert waste
Decay rate for the waste type j [1/yr]
Default values for kj:
Waste type j
Slowlydegrading(Version 07.0) and Table
2.4, chapter 2, volume 5 of2006 IPCC guidelines for
National GHG Inventories

CDM Methodological Tool
“Emissions from solid

Pulp, paper, cardboard(other than sludge),
textilesWood, wood products
10

kj[1/yr]
0.07

0.035

waste disposal sites”(Version 07.0)

JCM_MM_F_PM_ver01.0

and straw(nonfood)
Moderately Other
0.17
degradingorganic
putrescible
garden and park waste
Rapidly
Food, food waste,
0.40
degradingsewagesludge,beverages and tobacco
The default values kj for Tropical (Mean annual
temperature>20 degree C) and Wet (Mean annual
precipitation>1000mm) were selected taking into
consideration the climate condition of Myanmar.
P୨

Fraction of the waste type j [weight fraction]

Study conducted by the

Before the validation of a proposed project, take at project participants
least one sample in each season (both rainy anddry) from MSW transported to a SWDS within thesame municipality where the project facility is to beconstructed, weigh each waste fraction (measure on
wet basis) taking into consideration the waste typej, as provided in the tables for FCCj and FFCj, andaverage each waste fraction j among the samples.

EFୣ୪ୣୡ

Emissionfactorfor

generation For grid electricity: PDD

electricityof the most recently[tCO2e/MWh]
Select

one

of

the

followings

into registered CDM project

takingconsideration the situation of the project.

hosted in Myanmar or the

For grid electricity: The value available from PDD

latest version of the “Toolof the most recently registered CDM project hosted

to calculate the emissionin Myanmar or the calculated value using the latest

factor for an electricity

version of the “Tool to calculate the emission factor

system” under the CDM atfor an electricity system” under the CDM at thethe time of validation

time of validation.

For captive electricity:

For captive electricity: The most recent value CDM approved small scale
availablefrom CDM

approvedsmallscale methodology AMS-I.A.

methodology AMS-I.A. at the time of validation.
EFFେ୓୑

Combustion efficiency of incinerator [fraction] Table 5.2, chapter 5,
Default value: 1 (100%)

volume 5 of 2006 IPCC
guidelines for National
GHG Inventories

FCC୨

Fraction of total carbon content in waste type j CDM approved[tC/t]

consolidated baseline and11

JCM_MM_F_PM_ver01.0

monitoring methodology

Default values for FCCj:
Waste type j

FFC୨

DC

FCCj
[% of dry weight]
Paper/cardboard
50
Textiles50
Food waste
50
Wood
54
Garden and Park waste
55
Nappies90
Rubber and Leather
67
Plastics
85
Metal*NA
Glass*NA
Other, inert waste
5*Metal and glass contain some carbon of fossil
origin. Combustion of significant amounts of glassor metal is not common.
Fraction of fossil carbon in total carbon content of

ACM0022 “Alternative

waste type j [weight fraction]

consolidated baseline andDefault values for FFCj:
Waste type j
FFCj (%)
Paper/cardboard
5
Textiles50
Food waste
Wood
Garden and Park waste
0
Nappies10
Rubber and Leather
20
Plastics
100
Metal*NA
Glass*NA
Other, inert waste
100*Metal and glass contain some carbon of fossil
origin. Combustion of significant amounts of glassor metal is not common.
Dry matter content of MSW [%]monitoring methodology

waste treatment processes”(Version 02.0)

CDM approved

ACM0022 “Alternative
waste treatment processes”(Version 02.0)

Study conducted by the

Before the validation of a proposed project, take at project participants
least one sample in each season (both rainy anddry) from MSW transported to a SWDS within thesame municipality where the project facility is to beconstructed, weigh each sample in wet and drybasis, calculate the fraction of dry matter content
for each sample, and average the values obtained.

EF୒ଶ୓

Emission factor for N2O associated with

CDM approved

incineration [tN2O/t waste]consolidated baseline and12

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Select one of the following default values taking monitoring methodology

GWP୒ଶ୓

into consideration the situation of the project.

ACM0022 “Alternative

Default values for EFN2O:
Type of Technology /
EFN2O
waste
Management[tN2O/t waste wet
practice
basis]MSW
Continuous and1.21*50*10-6
semicontinuousincinerators
MSW
Batch-type
1.21*60*10-6
incinerators
Global Warming Potential of nitrous oxide

waste treatment processes”

Table 2.14, of the errata to[tCO2e/tN2O]

the contribution of

Default value: 298

Working Group I to the(Version 02.0) and Table
5.6, chapter 5, volume 5 of2006 IPCC Guidelines for
National GHG Inventories

Fourth Assessment Reportof the IPCC
NCV୤୳ୣ୪
EFେ୓ଶ,୤୳ୣ୪

3

Net calorific value of fuel [GJ/kL or m ]Invoices or other

Decide from the specifications described on commercial/contractual
invoices or other commercial/contractual evidence.

evidence

CO2 emission factor of fuel [tCO2/GJ]

Table 1.4, chapter 1,

Select a value for the fuel combusted by the project

volume 2 of 2006 IPCC

from the IPCC default values at the upper limit ofGuidelines for National

the uncertainty at a 95% confidence interval.

GHG Inventories. Upper
value is applied.

13