Fishes of Yaku-shima Island
A World Heritage Island in the Osumi Group,
Kagoshima Prefecture, Southern Japan

Cover image: Platax teira, off Isso, Yaku-shima Island (photo by S. Harazaki)
Right image: tide-pool at Kurio, Yaku-shima Island (photo by H. Motomura)Fishes of Yaku-shima Island
A World Heritage Island in the Osumi Group, Kagoshima Prefecture,
Southern Japan

Edited by Hiroyuki Motomura and Keiichi Matsuura

National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo

Copy Right © 2010 by the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means without prior written permission from the publisher. Copyrights of the photographs areheld by the photographers.
For bibliographic purposes this book should be cited as follows:
Hiroyuki Motomura and Keiichi Matsuura (eds.). 2010. Fishes of Yaku-shima Island – A World
Heritage island in the Osumi Group, Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan. National Museum of
Nature and Science, Tokyo. viii + 264 pp., 704 figs.
ISBN 978-4-87803-031-4

DTP by Hiroyuki Motomura, Kagoshima University Museum

H. Motomura and K. Matsuura (eds) Fishes of Yaku-shima Island
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 10 March 2010

Preface
The Kuroshio Current, originating in the tropical western North Pacific
Ocean east of the Philippines, flows northward towards the main islands ofJapan via the Ryukyu Islands. Senou et al. (2006) studied the fish faunas of
the Ryukyus and other islands in southern Japan by using observation recordsof fishes stored in a fish image database, FishPix (http://fishpix.kahaku.go.jp/
fishimage-e/index.html). Their analysis clearly showed two major roles for the
Kuroshio Current, firstly as a conveyor for fishes being transported from thetropics to southern Japan and secondly as a strong barrier that makes it difficult
for warm-temperate fishes living along the coasts of Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu
and associated small islands to move southward to the Ryukyu Islands. However, their conclusion needs to be corroborated by detailed studies that utilize
morphological and genetic analyses of local populations of fishes.
In April 2007, 11 ichthyologists, Keiichi Matsuura, Hiromitsu Endo, Yukio
Iwatsuki, Yoshiaki Kai, Seishi Kimura, Izumi Kinoshita, Hiroyuki Motomura,
Mutsumi Nishida, Takashi Minami, Hiroshi Senou and Tetsuo Yoshino, joined
forces to study further the influence of the Kuroshio Current on fish faunasin southern Japan. This research, called the Kuroshio Project, was supported
for three years by Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research (A: 19208019) by theJapan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). This team studied several
groups of fishes (e.g., atherinids, carangids, gobiids, serranids and sparids),
occurring both in temperate and tropical waters, to determine the two majorroles of the Kuroshio Current by using DNA analysis with additional morphological data (these studies will be published elsewhere). During the Kuroshio
Project, fishes of Yaku-shima Island were heavily studied by this team of ichthyologists because fishes of this island have been poorly studied in terms ofzoogeography and taxonomy, and the fish fauna of this island comprises temperate and tropical elements. Accordingly, the number of observation recordsof fishes from Yaku-shima Island in Senou et al. (2006) was relatively smaller
than those from another 11 sites from southern Japan. Yaku-shima Island islocated at an interesting point in terms of the zoogeography of Japanese fishes.
The Kuroshio Current courses northward along the East China Sea side of the
Ryukyu Islands and then flows into the Tokara Straits and returns to the Pacificside immediately south of Yaku-shima Island. This suggests that a study on
fishes of Yaku-shima Island may provide a good opportunity to clarify how theKuroshio Current affects fish faunas in southern Japan.
v

The JSPS project team sent two expeditions to Yaku-shima Island in thesummers of 2008 and 2009. Their collection and analysis of shallow-water
fishes around the Island resulted in this book that comprises six papers about
the fishes of Yaku-shima Island. Although the JSPS Kuroshio Project produced
many interesting zoogeographical and taxonomical findings on fishes, it also
demonstrated the need for further studies on fishes and marine invertebrates
in order to clarify the influence of the Kuroshio Current on marine faunas insouthern Japan. As the current Kuroshio Project will expire at the end of March
2010, a new research team was organized in April 2009 to focus on fishes,
marine invertebrates and marine microfossils. This new Kuroshio Project willcontinue for four more years to study the role of the Kuroshio Current with respect to the zoogeography, taxonomy and phylogeography of major groups ofmarine organisms in southern Japan.
Senou, H., K. Matsuura and G. Shinohara. 2006. Checklist of fishes in the Sagami Sea withzoogeographical comments on shallow water fishes occurring in the coasts under the influenceof the Kuroshio Current. Memoirs of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, (41):389–542.

Keiichi Matsuura
Principal Investigator, the JSPS Kuroshio ProjectCollection Director, National Museum of Natureand Science, Tokyovi

H. Motomura and K. Matsuura (eds) Fishes of Yaku-shima Island
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 10 March 2010

Editors
Hiroyuki Motomura, PhD
Kagoshima University Museum
1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
Ph: +81 99 285 8111
Fax: +81 99 285 7267
E-mail: motomura@kaum.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
URL: http://www.museum.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/staff/motomura/motomura.html
Keiichi Matsuura, PhD
National Museum of Nature and Science
3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
Ph: +81 3 5332 7167
Fax: +81 3 3364 7104
E-mail: matsuura@kahaku.go.jp
URL: http://research.kahaku.go.jp/zoology/uodas/index.html

Cephalopholis sonnerati, off Isso, Yaku-shima Island (photo by S. Harazaki)

vii

Contents
Preface ................................................................................................................. v
Editors ................................................................................................................. vii
First records of a triplefin (Tripterygiidae), Enneapterygius hemimelas, from Japan
Meguro, M. and H. Motomura ........................................................................................................... 1
New records of a triplefin, Enneapterygius leucopunctatus,
from southern Japan (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae)
Endo, H., E. Katayama, M. Miyake and K. Watase .......................................................................... 9Distributional range extension of a scorpionfish, Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus,
in the Indo–Pacific, and comments on synonymy of S. parvipinnis(Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae)
Motomura, H., G. Ogihara and K. Hagiwara ................................................................................. 17
Apogonid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes) of Yaku-shima Island,
Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan
Yoshida, T., S. Harazaki and H. Motomura ................................................................................... 27
Annotated checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island,
Kagoshima, southern Japan
Motomura, H., K. Kuriiwa, E. Katayama, H. Senou, G. Ogihara,
M. Meguro, M. Matsunuma, Y. Takata, T. Yoshida, M. Yamashita,
S. Kimura, H. Endo, A. Murase, Y. Iwatsuki, Y. Sakurai, S. Harazaki,
K. Hidaka, H. Izumi and K. Matsuura ........................................................................................... 65
Freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan
Yonezawa, T., A. Shinomiya and H. Motomura ........................................................................... 249

Pentapodus aureofasciatus, off Isso, Yaku-shima Island (photo by S. Harazaki)viii

H. Motomura and K. Matsuura (eds) Fishes of Yaku-shima Island
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 10 March 2010

First records of a triplefin (Tripterygiidae),
Enneapterygius hemimelas, from Japan
Masatoshi Meguro* and Hiroyuki Motomura
Kagoshima University Museum, 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan*
Corresponding author: e-mail: fisheries_kago_mm7190@hotmail.co.jp

Abstract Four male specimens (19.4–21.8 mm standard length) of Enneapterygius hemimelas (Knerand Steindachner, 1867) (Tripterygiidae) were collected from Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. Because previous Japanese records of E. hemimelas were based on mis-identifications of E. bahasa or E. flavoccipitis, and the northernmost record of E. hemimelas was Taiwan,
the Yaku-shima Island specimens examined in this study represent the first records of E. hemimelasfrom Japan and the northernmost record for the species.
Key words: Tripterygiidae, Enneapterygius hemimelas, distribution, Yaku-shima Island, Japan.

Introduction
The triplefin genus Enneapterygius Rüppell,1835 (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae) in the western and central Pacific Ocean was reviewed by
Fricke (1997), then Fricke (2009) recognized 42
valid species in the region. In addition, E. sheni
and E. shaoi were described by Chiang and Chen
(2008) as new species from Taiwan. Three species
originally described by Shen (1994), E. erythrosomus, E. hsiojenae, and E. leucopunctatus, weresynonymized by Fricke (1997) with E. rubicauda
Shen, 1994, E. vexillarius Fowler, 1946, and E.
vexillarius respectively. However, Chiang andChen (2008) redescribed E. erythrosomus, E.
hsijenae, and E. leucopunctatus as valid species.
Furthermore, although Fricke (1997) regarded E.
rubicauda as a valid species, Chiang and Chen
(2008) considered it a junior synonym of E. flavoccipitis Shen, 1994. Thus, a total of 46 species
has currently been recognized as valid membersof Enneapterygius in the western and central Pacific Ocean.
Enneapterygius, the most speciose genus
among the Tripterygiidae, has been defined by adiscontinuous lateral line with an anterior series of
6–22 pored scales and a posterior series of 13–27
notched scales, a first dorsal fin with 3 spines,

an anal fin with 1 spine, a pelvic fin with 1 spineand 2 soft rays, and the head, opercle, pectoral-finbase and abdomen naked (Fricke, 1997). However, synapomorphies for the genus have not been
defined, and further investigation at the genericlevel is therefore necessary (Motomura et al.,2005).
Enneapterygius hemimelas was originallydescribed by Kner and Steindachner (1867) as
Tripterygium hemimelas from the Samoa Islands,
and Fricke (1994) designated a male specimen(USNM 220068, 20.6 mm SL, Fagasa Bay, Tutuila Island, American Samoa) as the neotype forthe species. Enneapterygius hemimelas is currently known from Taiwan, the Philippines, andIndonesia east to Samoa (Fricke, 2009). Previous
Japanese records of E. hemimelas were, in fact,
mis-identifications of E. bahasa Fricke, 1997 or E.
flavoccipitis (see Remarks).
During ichthyofaunal surveys of Yaku-shimaIsland, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan(Motomura et al., 2010), four male specimens ofE. hemimelas were collected from the southerncoast of the island. These specimens are describedherein as the first records of E. hemimelas fromJapan and the northernmost record for the species.

1M. Meguro and H. Motomura

Fig. 1. Enneapterygius hemimelas from Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan (KAUM–I. 11353, male, 19.5 mm
SL). A and B indicate fresh and preserved specimens respectively.

Materials and methods
Counts and measurements follow Hubbs andLagler (1947), Fricke (1994, 1997) and Motomura
et al. (2005), with the mandibular-pore formula
following Fricke (1997). Measurements weremade to the nearest 0.1 mm with needle-point
calipers under a dissecting microscope. Standard
length is abbreviated as SL. Specimens of E.
hemimelas examined in this study are deposited at
the Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima,
Japan (KAUM) and the Museum Support Center, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of
Natural History, Suitland, USA (USNM).
Enneapterygius hemimelas (Kner and Steindachner, 1867)[English name: Halfblack Triplefin][New Japanese name: Akegoromo-hebigimpo](Figs. 1–3; Table 1)

2

Tripterygium hemimelas Kner and Steindachner,
1867: 371 (type locality: Fagasa Bay, Tutuila
Island, American Samoa, based on neotype).
Material examined. All specimens from
Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima, Japan: KAUM–
I. 11353, male, 19.5 mm SL, east of Kamazenohana, Kurio, 30°16′03″N, 130°24′47″E, 0–3 m
depth, hand net, coll. by KAUM fish team, 12Aug. 2009; KAUM–I. 11354, male, 19.4 mm
SL, same data as KAUM–I. 11353; KAUM–I.
11355, male, 21.5 mm SL, same data as KAUM–
I. 11353; KAUM–I. 21659, male, 21.8 mm,
south of Kamazeno-hana, Kurio, 30°15′57″N,
130°24′57″E, 0–2 m depth, hand net, coll. by G.
Ogihara et al., 27 July 2009.

Enneapterygius hemimelas from Japan

Diagnosis. A species of Enneapterygius withthe following combination of characters: 12–14
second dorsal-fin spines; 15–18 + 17–19 lateralline scales; 35 or 36 longitudinal scales rows; 1
symphyseal mandibular pore; mandibular pores
usually 4 + 1 + 4 (rarely 6 + 1 + 5); blackish area
on lower head of mature males separated into
two parts, one extending from end of maxilla andnear posteroventral margin of orbit onto middle
and lower opercular margin and pectoral-fin base,and the other a narrow band, extending fromfront of upper lip to anteroventral margin of orbit;
in mature males, two broad, black bands below
third dorsal-fin base and caudal peduncle, the twobands joined ventrally; posterior half of anal fin
black in mature males; caudal fin semitransparent
white or yellow; caudal-fin base white; pectoraland pelvic fins and body (except for black areas)orange in mature males.

Fig. 2. Schematic depiction of melanistic male colorationof Enneapterygius hemimelas, based on three
specimens (KAUM–I. 11353, KAUM–I. 11354, and
KAUM–I. 21659) from Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima
Prefecture, Japan. Dotted areas indicate melanistic
areas.

Description. Counts and measurements are
given in Table 1. Cephalic sensory pore systems
are illustrated in Figure 3. Body moderately elongate, slightly compressed anteriorly, progressively
more compressed posteriorly; dorsal profile ofsnout moderately steep; anterior nostril a short

Table 1. Counts and measurements, expressed as percentages of standard length, of Enneapterygius hemimelas, including
neotype, and non-types from Yaku-shima Island and the western Pacific.
This study
Fricke (1997)
Yaku-shima Island,
Tutuila Island,Western PacificJapan
American Samoa(neotype and non(non-types)(neotype)
types)
Males
Male
Males Females
n=4
n=1
n = 821
Standard length (mm)19.4–21.8
21.3
6.0–40.0
CountsSecond and third dorsal-fin rays
XII–XIV + 9–10
XII + 9XI–XIV + 6–10
Pectoral-fin raysii–iii + 5–6 + vi–viii
iii + 5 + vii
i–iv + 4–8 + vi–viii
Anal-fin rays
I, 18–19
I, 18
I, 15–20
Longitudinal scales rows
35-36
35
32–37
2
13–20
Pored lateral-line scales
16–18
15–16
2
16–22
Notched lateral-line scales
18–19
17–18
3
Mandibular pore formula
4+1+4 or 6+1+5
4+1+4
3–4+1–2+3–4
Measurements
Body depth
19.5–20.3 (19.9)
19.6
17.8–24.4
Body width
18.5–19.3 (18.6)
17.5
11.9–17.2
Head length
26.4–27.6 (26.9)
26.4
24.0–30.2
Snout length
8.6–9.2 (8.9)
8.9
4.8–6.1
5.7–7.1
Orbit diameter
9.9–11.0 (10.4)
10.0
8.2–12.7
Interorbital width
2.4–3.0 (2.8)
2.9
2.4–4.2
Upper-jaw length
10.9–12.0 (11.4)
11.9
9.1–12.0
Postorbital length
11.6–13.6 (12.5)
12.3—
Pre 1st dorsal-fin length
26.8–28.0 (27.2)
26.5
23.8–27.6
Pre 2nd dorsal-fin length
37.1–39.6 (37.9)
36.9
32.2–38.6
Pre 3rd dorsal-fin length
71.8–73.6 (72.3)
70.2
63.7–71.8
Preanal-fin length
48.8–51.4 (49.3)
47.2
47.3–55.3
Prepectoral-fin length
31.1–32.2 (31.4)
30.9
28.0–34.9
Prepelvic-fin length
21.9–23.0 (22.2)
21.5
20.9–25.6
Caudal-peduncle length
9.2–11.6 (10.5)
10.5
10.1–15.3
Caudal-peduncle depth
7.7–8.6 (8.0)
7.2
6.5–9.7
1st spine length of 1st dorsal fin
10.4–11.0 (10.6)
10.0
7.7–12.4
5.8–7.9
2nd spine length of 1st dorsal fin
9.3–10.2 (9.6)
9.1
6.7–11.6
8.3–9.4
3rd spine length of 1st dorsal fin
7.2–8.8 (8.0)
7.8
4.5–9.7
Longest spine length of 2nd dorsal fin
13.1–14.4 (13.9)
13.6—
Longest ray length of 3rd dorsal fin
15.3–15.7 (15.5)
15.4
13.7–20.2
Pectoral-fin length
30.3–32.8 (31.7)
31.5
27.5–36.3
2nd ray length of pelvic fin
21.1–24.0 (23.3)
24.9
20.2–25.2
1Counts were based on 82 specimens, but the number of specimens measured was not indicated by Fricke (1997). 2Counts
included scales on right and left sides of the neotype. 3Only one specimen had 6 + 1 + 5. Means in parentheses.

3M. Meguro and H. Motomura

Fig. 3. Cephalic sensory pore systems of Enneapterygius hemimelas (KAUM–I. 11353, male, 19.5 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan). (A) Dorsal, (B) lateral, and (C) ventral views of head. Bar represents 1 mm.

4

Enneapterygius hemimelas from Japan

membranous tube with an unbranched, thin tentacle; anterior nostril located at mid-level of eye;posterior nostril opening elliptic; eyes oriented
dorsolaterally; a minute, simple tentacle on upper posterior part of eye; interorbital space very
narrow, width less than pupil diameter; mouthslightly oblique; posterior margin of maxilla justshort of, or extending slightly beyond, a verticalthrough anterior margin of pupil; uppermost anterior margin of upper jaw approximately level withlowermost margin of orbit.
Lateral line discontinuous, with an anterior
series of pored scales and a posterior series ofnotched scales; pored scale series ending below
membrane between last spine of second dorsal
fin and body; notched scale series beginning below last or penultimate pored scale and ending at
caudal-fin base; one vertical scale row between
posteriormost pored scale and notched lateral line;
body covered with ctenoid scales; size of scales
above and below lateral lines subequal; head (including maxilla, interorbital space, preopercle andopercle), pectoral-fin base, pre- and inter pelvic
region and abdomen naked; no scales between
head and first spine of first dorsal fin; fins naked,
except caudal-fin base.
First dorsal-fin origin above middle of opercle,
first spine longest, third spine shortest (1.2–1.5 in
first spine); distal margin of first dorsal-fin membrane notched; second dorsal-fin origin above fifth
pored lateral-line scale, second to fourth spine
longest (longer than first spine of first dorsal fin);third dorsal-fin origin above fifth or sixth notchedlateral-line scale; first or second soft ray longest;
pelvic-fin origin anterior to first dorsal-fin origin;
uppermost pectoral-fin ray origin below second or
third spine of first dorsal fin; pectoral fin pointed,
posterior tip of longest ray below twelfth to fourteenth spine of second dorsal fin, not reaching
to level of third dorsal-fin origin; anal-fin origin
below sixth spine of second dorsal fin; posterior
margin of caudal fin slightly rounded.
Color of mature males when fresh. Based oncolor photographs of KAUM–I. 11353 (Fig. 1A),
KAUM–I. 11354, KAUM–I. 11355, and KAUM–
I. 21659, all from Yaku-shima Island. Schematic
depiction of melanistic male coloration is given in
Figure 2. Head reddish orange with a black nar-row band, its width less than pupil diameter, fromfront of upper lip to anteroventral margin of orbit,
and black area extending from posterior marginof maxilla and near posteroventral margin of orbit
to middle and lower opercular margin; body reddish orange with several indistinct blackish andwhitish blotches mid-laterally below first andsecond dorsal fins, and two broad, black bands below third dorsal fin and caudal peduncle, the twobands joined ventrally; pectoral fin orange or yellow, with black base; pelvic fin yellowish orange
or white; dorsal fins semitransparent with poorly
defined yellow, white and blackish blotches, especially on first dorsal fin; anal fin reddish orange
anteriorly, black posteriorly; caudal fin semitransparent white or yellow, white basally.
Color of preserved male specimens. Headwhite with a black narrow band from front of upper lip to anteroventral margin, and black area
extending behind posterior margin of maxilla andposteroventral margin of orbit to middle and lower opercular margin; body white with several indistinct blackish blotches mid-laterally below firstand second dorsal fins, and a broad black bandfrom posterior end of second dorsal fin to caudalfin base; pectoral fin semitransparent, with blackbase; pelvic fin white; first and second dorsal finssemitransparent; anal fin semitransparent anteriorly, black posteriorly; caudal fin semitransparent
with white base.
Distribution. The species is currently known
from the western Pacific, with reliable records
from Yaku-shima Island (this study), Taiwan,
Hainan Island, Philippines, Indonesia, Phoenix
Island, American Samoa (type locality), Tonga,
Marianas, Marshall Islands, and Australia (Schultz
et al., 1960; Myers, 1999; Matsuura et al., 2001;
Allen and Adrim, 2003; Randall, 2005; Fricke,2009). The Yaku-shima Island specimens werecollected from rocky tidepools in depths of lessthan 3 m. In the western Pacific, most specimens
were collected from reef flats or tidepools in
depths of less than 5 m (Randall, 2005).
Remarks. The Enneapterygius hemimelasgroup was defined by Fricke (1997) as having
the following combination of characters: a small
to medium sized body; a relatively long anterior
lateral-line series, with 13–23 pore scales; a rela5

M. Meguro and H. Motomura

tively low first dorsal-fin ray in both sexes; caudal peduncle without black narrow vertical bars
or blotches; lower half of head black in mature
males; usually at least some parts of body andunpaired fins black in mature males; and 1 or 2
vertical scale rows between posteriormost pored
lateral-line scale and notched lateral line. This
group comprises E. atriceps (Jenkins, 1903), E.
bahasa, E. clea Fricke, 1997, E. hemimelas, E.
namarrgon Fricke, 1997, E. nigricauda Fricke,
1997, E. signicauda Fricke, 1997, and E. similis
Fricke, 1997.
The four male specimens from Yaku-shimaIsland were identified as belonging to the E.
hemimelas group in having the aforesaid characters, and characters of the specimens agreed
with description of E. hemimelas given by Fricke(1997). However, there are some differences
between morphometric data for E. hemimelas
given by Fricke (1997) and this study (Table 1),
although measurement methods are the same between the two. Fricke (1997) gave body width as
11.9–17.2% of SL [vs. 18.5–19.3% (mean 18.6%)
in this study], and snout length in males 4.8–6.1%
of SL [vs. 8.6–9.2% (8.9%)]. The neotype of thespecies (male) was examined by both of Fricke(1997) and this study, and data for the neotype areconsistent with those of non-type specimens of E.
hemimelas given by this study. So Fricke’s (1997)
morphometric data are most likely to be erroneous.
Enneapterygius hemimelas can be separated
from the remaining six species in the group by
the number of symphyseal mandibular pores andmature male coloration (Fricke, 1997). Enneapterygius hemimelas is easily distinguished fromE. bahasa by having a single symphyseal mandibular pore (vs. 2–8 pores in the latter; Fricke,
1997). The blackish area on the lower head of mature males of E. hemimelas is separated into twoparts: one extending from the end of the maxilla
and near the posteroventral margin of the orbit
onto the middle and lower opercular margin (andonto pectoral-fin base); and the other is a narrow
band, extending from the front of the upper lip
to the anteroventral margin of the orbit (Fricke,
1997; Figs. 1–2). However, the blackish area on
the lower head of males of all other species in6

the E. hemimelas group is not separated (Fricke,
1997). In addition, E. hemimelas has a distinct
color pattern on the posterior portion of the body.
It is distinguished from E. bahasa, E. clea, E. nigricauda, E. similis, and E. signicauda by having
a semitransparent whitish or yellowish caudal fin
in mature males (vs. fin entirely black in the first
four species, and only basal half of fin black in E.
signicauda; Fricke, 1997). Although mature malesof E. atriceps and E. namarrgon have a semitransparent caudal fin, they differ from E. hemimelas inlacking black markings on the anal fin (vs. posterior half of fin black in the latter; Figs. 1–2). The
anal-fin coloration (black posterior half of fin) of
mature male E. hemimelas is unique among the E.
hemimelas group (tips of last one or two anal-fin
rays in male E. clea being black).
Enneapterygius hemimelas was originallydescribed by Kner and Steindachner (1867) fromthe Samoa Islands. Fricke (1994) regarded E. fuligicauda (Fowler, 1946) and E. macrobrachium(Fowler, 1946), both originally described from
Aguni-jima Island, Japan, as junior synonyms of E.
hemimelas. However, Fricke (1997) re-considered
E. fuligicauda and E. macrobrachium to be juniorsynonyms of E. philippinus (Peter, 1869) and E.
rubicauda, respectively, and identified Masuda
et al.’s (1984) E. hemimelas (Japanese name:Gomafu-hebigimpo) from the Ryukyu Islands as
E. rubicauda. Recently, Chiang and Chen (2008)
synonymized E. rubicauda with E. flavoccipitis;
thus, Masuda et al.’s (1984) E. hemimelas is identified as E. flavoccipitis. The Japanese name “Gomafu-hebigimpo” (for E. hemimelas in Masuda
et al., 1984) has been applied to E. bahasa since
Shimojyo and Hayashi (2000).
Myer (1989) included the Ryukyu Islandsin the distributional range of E. hemimelas, but
he might have simply cited Masuda et al.’s E.
hemimelas (= E. flavoccipitis), and not based therecord on any other information or specimens.
Hayashi (2002) reported and illustrated a maleand female of E. hemimelas from the Ryukyu Islands. However, Hayashi’s (2002) E. hemimelasis identified here as E. bahasa in having threesymphyseal mandibular pores and a black caudal
peduncle and fin (anal fin and trunk below anterior portion of third dorsal-fin base not black).

Enneapterygius hemimelas from JapanThus, the Yaku-shima Island specimens examined
during this study represent the first record of E.
hemimelas from Japan and the northernmost record for the species.
Comparative material examined. Enneapterygius hemimelas: USNM 220068, neotype of
Tripterygium hemimelas, male, 20.6 mm SL, Fagasa Bay, Tutuila Island, American Samoa, 0–3 m
depth, 7 Oct. 1975, coll. by R. Wass.

Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Y. Haraguchi, G. Ogihara,
T. Yoshida and M. Yamashita (Kagoshima, Japan) for their curatorial assistance, J. Williams(USNM) for his kind hospitality during the firstauthor’s stay at USNM, and G. Yearsley (Hobart,
Australia) who read the initial manuscript and offered helpful comments. This study was supported
in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(A) (19208019) from the Japan Society for the
Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan, and a Grantin-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (19770067) from
the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports andCulture, Japan.

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genus Enneapterygius (Teleostei: Tripterygiidae)
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Tripterygiidae (Teleostei). Koelzs ScientificBooks, Köenigstein. іх + 607 pp.

Fricke, R. 2009. Systematics of the Tripterygiidae(triplefins). Pages 31–67 in R. A. Patzner, E. J.
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new species of triplefin (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae), Enneapterygius senoui, from Japan witha discussion of its in situ color pattern. Aqua,
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K. Hidaka, H. Izumi and K. Matsuura. 2010. Annotated checklist of marine and estuarine fishes ofYaku-shima Island, Kagoshima, southern Japan.
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Pacific. New Caledonia to Tahiti and the Pitcairn
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M. Meguro and H. Motomura

Shen, S.-C. 1994. A revision of the tripterygiid fishes
from coastal waters of Taiwan with descriptionsof two new genera and five new species. Acta
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Museum, (47):39–58.

H. Motomura and K. Matsuura (eds) Fishes of Yaku-shima Island
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 10 March 2010

New records of a triplefin, Enneapterygius leucopunctatus,
from southern Japan (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae)
Hiromitsu Endo1*, Eri Katayama1, Mina Miyake1,2 and Kimi Watase1,3
1

Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
Minami-hanahata, Adachi, Tokyo 121-0062, Japan3
Ikeshinden High School, 2097-1 Ikeshinden, Omaezaki, Shizuoka 437-1612, Japan*
Corresponding author: e-mail: endoh@kochi-u.ac.jp
2

Abstract Enneapterygius leucopunctatus Shen, 1994 (Tripterygiidae), known only from Taiwan,
is recorded for the first time from Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, and Tosa Bay, Kochi
Prefecture, southern Japan. Seventeen Japanese specimens (25.2–36.1 mm in standard length) wereidentified as E. leucopunctatus based on the following combination of characters: second dorsalfin spines 12–13; third dorsal-fin soft rays 9–11; anal-fin soft rays 17–19; mandibular pore formulamostly 4+1+4; pored and notched lateral-line scales 15–18+16–19; simple dermal flap of anterior
nostril; 2 white oblique bands on shoulder girdle; 8 dark saddle markings and 5–6 small ring-likewhite markings on lateral body; inconspicuous sexual dichromatism.
Key words: Tripterygiidae, Enneapterygius leucopunctatus, Yaku-shima Island, Tosa Bay, Japan.

Introduction
The blennioid family Tripterygiidae is composed of 32 genera and 164 species, inhabitingcoral reefs and rocky substratum in tropical tocold seas (Fricke, 2009). The genus Enneapterygius Rüppell, 1835, the largest group in the family, is diagnosed by having a discontinuous lateralline with 6–22 pored scales anteriorly and 13–27
notched scales posteriorly; the following combination of fin rays—dorsal: III, IX–XVI, 7–12; anal: I,
15–22; pelvic: I, 2; and a body with ctenoid scales
except for naked head, operculum, abdomen, andpectoral-fin base (the last two areas covered withcycloid scales in some species) (Fricke, 1997;
Holleman, 2005; Chiang and Chen, 2008). In thewestern and central Pacific, 46 species of the genus are known (Meguro and Motomura, 2010). Of
4 species described by Shen (1994), Chiang andChen (2008) regarded E. rubicauda Shen, 1994 asa junior synonym of E. flavoccipitis Shen, 1994,
and E. hsiojenae Shen, 1994 and E. leucopunctatus Shen, 1994 as valid species, not junior synonyms of E. vexillarius Fowler, 1946 as asserted

by Fricke (1997). Around Japan, 15 species havebeen recorded (e.g., Shimojyo and Hayashi, 2000;
Hayashi, 2002; Yoshigou and Yoshino, 2002;
Shibukawa et al., 2004; Motomura et al., 2005).
During surveys of fish faunas along the coastsof Tosa Bay and Yaku-shima Island, many specimens of Enneapterygius were collected fromrocky shores and tide-pools to 4 m depth. Some ofthese were identified as E. leucopunctatus basedon counts of the fin rays and lateral-line scales,
the mandibular pore pattern, and distinctive markings and coloration. Herein, we report this species
from Japan for the first time.
Materials and methods
The specimens examined are deposited in
the following institutions: Academy of Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia, USA (ANSP); Laboratory of Marine Biology, Kochi University, Japan(BSKU); and Kagoshima University Museum,Japan (KAUM). Counts and measurements follow Hubbs and Lagler (1958). Measurements
were made to the nearest 0.1 mm with dividers
9H. Endo et al.

Fig. 1. Enneapterygius leucopunctatus from Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture (A, C: KAUM–I. 21838, male, 25.3mm SL; B, D: KAUM–I. 21837, female, 26.4 mm SL). Fresh (A, B) and preserved (C, D) conditions.

and digital calipers under a binocular microscope.
Terminology of the head lateral-line canals andmandibular pore formula follow Fricke (1997).
Standard length and head length are abbreviatedas SL and HL respectively. Fin rays and vertebrae
were counted from radiographs. Observationof dentition, cephalic sensory tubes and pores,
scales, and genital papillae were made using cyanine solution. To determine the sex, the gonads ofeach specimen were observed by partial dissection
on the right side of the abdomen.

10

Enneapterygius leucopunctatus Shen, 1994
[New Japanese name: Hakuten-hebigimpo](Figs. 1, 2; Table 1)
Enneapterygius sp. 3: Shen, 1993: 491, 777, pls.
166-1, 166-2.
Enneapterygius leucopunctatus Shen, 1994: 12,
fig. 8 (type locality: Taiwan); Chiang andChen, 2008: 196, fig. 4i.
Enneapterygius vexillarius (not of Fowler, 1946):
Fricke, 1997: 355 (in part); Randall and Lim,
2000: 632 (list; in part).

Enneapterygius leucopunctatus from Japan

Materials examined. 17 specimens. Tosa
Bay, Kochi (15 specimens): BSKU 55655, female, 35.6 mm SL, Shirano-hana, Tosa City, 4
Sept. 2001; BSKU 56266, female, 33.7 mm SL,
Shirano-hana, Yokonami Peninsula, Tosa City, 2
Nov. 2001; BSKU 58044, female, 34.6 mm SL,
Shirano-hana, Yokonami Peninsula, Tosa City, 23
May 2002; BSKU 65433, female, 28.9 mm SL,
Karyougo, Nahari Town, 17 July 2003; BSKU
69833, female, 34.2 mm SL, Shioya Beach, Tei,

Konan City, 9 Apr. 2004; BSKU 72857, female,29.7 mm SL, Shirano-hana, Tosa City, 18 Sept.
2004; BSKU 73022, female, 28.8 mm SL, Ijiri,Tosa City, 5 June 2004; BSKU 73108, female,26.2 mm SL, BSKU 73109, female, 26.6 mm SL,
Shioya Beach, Tei, Konan City, 19 May 2004;
BSKU 73162, female, 29.2 mm SL, BSKU 73163,
female, 36.1 mm SL, Gyoudo-misaki, Muroto
City, 26 May 2004; BSKU 73296, female, 30.1mm SL, BSKU 73307, male, 27.4 mm SL, BSKU

Table1. Counts and measurements of Enneapterygius leucopunctatus from Japan and Taiwan. Mode of counts and mean of
proportions in parentheses.
Locality
SL (mm)Second dorsal-fin rays
Third dorsal-fin rays
Anal-fin soft rays
Pectoral-fin rays
Principal caudal-fin rays
Pored latera-line scales
Notched lateral-line scales
Transverse scale rows
Madibular pore formula
In SL
Head length
Body depth
Predorsal length
Dorsal-fin baseAnal-fin baseCaudal-peduncle length
In HL
Snout length
Orbit diameter
Postorbital length
Upper-jaw length
In % of SL
Head length
Body depth
Body width
Predorsal length
Dorsal-fin baseAnal-fin baseCaudal-peduncle length
Caudal-peduncle depth
1st spine length of 1st dorsal fin
1st spine length of 2nd dorsal fin
1st ray length of 3rd dorsal fin
Pectoral-fin length
2nd ray length of pelvic fin
Anal-fin spine length
1st ray length of anal fin
Caudal-fin length
In % of HL
Snout length
Orbit diameter
Postorbital length
Upper-jaw length

This study
Yaku-shima Island
Tosa Bayn=2
n = 1525.2–26.4
26.2−36.1
XIII
XII–XIII10
9–11(10)18–19
17−19 (18)
3+6+7
3–5+3–7+6−7(3+6+7)ii+9–10+ii
ii+9+ii
15–17
16−18 (18)19
16−18 (17)
2.5–3.5+1+6.5 2.5−3+1+5.5−6.5(2.5+1+5.5)
4+1+4
4–5+1+4–6(4+1+4)

Shen (1994)
Taiwann = 9 (incl. 3 types)
26.6–34.8
XIII–XIV (XIII)
9–10
18–20
2–5+5−8+6–8(3+6+7)–
17–19 (18)
17–19−

Chiang and Chen (2008)
Taiwann=6
23.7–29.1
XIII
9–11
18
–

4+1+4

4+1+4

–
17−18
17
−

3.2−3.3
4.5−4.6
3.8−3.9
1.5
2.3
8.4−8.8

3.1−3.6 (3.3)
4.2−5.0 (4.6)
3.7−4.1 (3.8)
1.4−1.5 (1.5)
2.2−2.5 (2.4)
7.5−8.7 (7.9)

3.2–3.4
4.6–5.0
3.8–4.0
1.5–1.6
2.5–2.6
8.1–8.5

—
—
—
—
—
—

3.0−3.3
3.3
1.8−2.0
2.8−2.9

2.9−3.6 (3.2)
2.8−3.6 (3.1)
2.0−2.5 (2.2)
2.4−2.8 (2.6)

3.5–3.8
3.2–3.6
2.1–2.2
2.7–3.1————

30.7–31.1
21.7−22.1
18.3−21.3
25.8−26.2
67.1−68.1
43.0−44.4
11.3−11.9
7.5−8.4
10.6−11.1
16.2−16.7
17.6−18.0
31.6−34.5
22.7−25.0
6.9−7.3
10.8−12.5
23.4−25.8

27.7−31.9 (30.4)
20.2−23.7 (21.8)
14.7−20.2 (17.9)
24.2−27.2 (26.3)
65.6−69.7 (67.4)
40.6−43.8 (42.5)
11.4−13.4 (12.7)
7.7−10.1 (9.2)
8.1−12.9 (11.2)
13.8−17.7 (15.8)
14.6−20.2 (17.5)
28.6−34.9 (32.7)
18.3−24.8 (22.2)
5.7−8.5 (7.1)
8.8−14.8 (10.6)
20.6−26.2 (24.3)

—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

27.3−31.0 (29.1)
20.6−22.4 (21.3)
20.4−21.6 (20.8)
24.9−28.0 (26.4)—
37.2−45.3 (41.4)
8.9−12.8 (10.1)
8.7−10.3 (9.4)
8.7−10.9 (9.8)
13.1−15.5 (14.2)—
28.8−32.8 (30.8)
22.2−25.4 (23.7)———

30.3−33.8
29.9−30.3
51.2−54.3
34.3−36.0

27.0−34.7 (31.1)
28.1−36.2 (32.8)
39.8−51.1 (46.5)
35.3−41.3 (38.3)

—
—
—
—

25.4−33.2
29.5−34.7—
34.4−38.2

11

H. Endo et al.

73308, female, 30.2 mm SL, BSKU 73309, female, 29.4 mm SL, Kiragawa Town, Muroto City,
22 Apr. 2004.
Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima: KAUM–I.
21837, female, 26.4 mm SL, KAUM–I. 21838,
male, 25.2 mm SL, 30º16′03″N, 130º24′48″E,
Kurio, west of Kamazeno-hana, hand-net, 0–4 m
depth, coll. by KAUM fish team, 30 July 2009.
Diagnosis. A species of Enneapterygius withthe following combination of characters: second
dorsal-fin spines 12–13 (rarely 14); anal-fin softrays 17–19 (rarely 20); pored lateral-line scales
16–19; notched lateral-line scales 17–19; 1–6
rows of small cycloid scales on boundary between
abdomen and sides; simple, unbranched dermal
flap of anterior nostril; simple dermal flap on
orbit; 1 teeth row on prevomer; mandibular pore
formula usually 4+1+4 (4–5+1+4–6); body palereddish brown in male, pale yellowish brown infemale; 2 oblique white markings on shoulder
girdle, upper one anterior to pectoral-fin base andlower one above pelvic-fin base; 8 dark saddle
markings on body; 1 row of 5–6 small, ring-likewhite markings laterally on body; 1 blackish bandwith posterior white margin on caudal peduncle.
Description. Counts and measurements areshown in Table 1. Body moderately elongate andcompressed posteriorly. Head moderate in size, its
length about 3.3 in SL. Snout moderate in length,
dorsal contour somewhat gently sloping. Maxilla
reaching posteriorly to vertical lines between
anterior rims of eye and pupil. Anterior nostril
forming short tube with an unbranced dermal flap.
Supraorbital cirrus slender, unbranched. Occipitalbranch of supratemporal canal complex, dividing
into two large branches (united in some specimens) and some sub-branches with pores laterally
and distally (Fig. 2).
First dorsal fin much lower than second. All
dorsal- and anal-fin soft rays simple. Pectoral
fin with uppermost rays simple, middle rays
branched, and lowermost rays simple. Posterior
end of pectoral fin below tenth to thirteenth spinesof second dorsal fin. Caudal fin relatively longwith 13 principal rays: upper and lowermost 2
rays simple, other rays branched. Conical teeth on
both jaws, much enlarged in outer row, sparse in
inner row. Prevomer and palatines toothed, single
12

row in the former. Gill-rakers on first arch 1+5–6.
Body covered with ctenoid scales except
for head, pectoral-fin base, and ventral side ofabdominal region from isthmus to anus. Lateralline discontinuous, composed of anterior pored
scale row and posterior notched scale row, with
one scale row between them. Anterior lateral line
extending posteriorly to vertical line at twelfth or
thirteenth spine of second dorsal fin. Posterior lateral-line origin below last pored scale, extending
posteriorly to caudal-fin base. Longitudinal scalerows below first pored lateral line 30–36. 1–6
small cycloid scale rows located between naked
area of abdomen and ctenoid scale rows on lateralbody. Vertebrae 9–10+24–26.
Color when fresh (Fig. 1A, B). No melanisticcoloration in male. Ground color in male: headreddish-brown dorsally, pale reddish to yellowishbrown laterally and ventrally; body pale reddishbrown, abdomen whitish, and ventral side above
anal fin yellowish. Ground color in female: headand body pale reddish to yellowish-brown dorsally and laterally; cheek and ventral side of head,
abdomen, and ventral side above anal-fin basewhitish. A pair of brown stripes on snout between
upper lip and eye. Suborbitals white. Some whitespots on cheek. A large dark brown blotch on
opercular region. Two oblique white bands (ringlike in some specimens) on shoulder girdle; upper
blotch anterior to lowermost pectoral-fin base andlower blotch above pelvic-fin base. Dark brown
blotch partly covered with upper white blotch anterior to pectoral-fin base. Pectoral-fin base whitewith dark blotch, with white spots anteriorly. A
dark brown band dorsally on nape to middle offirst dorsal-fin base. Eight saddle markings dorsally and laterally on body dark to blackish brown(each pair closely arrayed forming an M-shapelaterally); dorsal interspace between saddle markings whitish to yellowish. A row of 6 white ringlike markings on lateral body, obscure in somespecimens. A broad band on posterior caudal
peduncle blackish to dark brown. Narrow whiteband on caudal-fin base. Fin spines and soft rays
reddish-orange to yellow, partly whitish to translucent, forming stripes, except for white pelvic-fin
rays. Fin membranes generally translucent. First
dorsal-fin membrane with white, reddish-orange

Enneapterygius leucopunctatus from Japan

A

B

C

Fig. 2. Head lateral-line system of Enneapterygius leucopunctatus (KAUM–I. 21837, female, 8.2 mm HL, 26.4 mm SL,
Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture). (A) dorsal view, (B) lateral view, and (C) ventral view. Scale bar indicates
3 mm. Drawn by E. Katayama.

13

H. Endo et al.

Fig. 3. Enneapterygius vexillarius from Aguni-jima Island,
Okinawa Prefecture, Japan (holotype, ANSP 72068,
30.1 mm SL).

and blackish pigments; second dorsal-fin membrane with two dark longitudinal bands on marginand near base, three oblique white bands generally interrupted; third dorsal-fin membrane with 3
to 4 oblique reddish-oragne bands. Anal-fin rays
reddish-orange basally, yellowish distally. Caudalfin rays pale yellow in male, light grayish with awhitish transverse band on middle in female; 1 to
3 upper and lowermost rays reddish with stripes(absent or faint in some specimens). Pectoral-fin
rays pale yellow in male, pale reddish-orange infemale, with a large white blotch near middle ofbase, white spots on middle of rays, and a small
red blotch on 3 to 4 uppermost rays near base; itsbase whitish.
Color in alcohol (Fig. 1C, D). Ground colorof head and body cream to yellowish-cream.
White, yellow, and reddish-orange coloration in
fresh specimens fades in preservative except thetransverse band on the caudal fin in female becomes translucent. Red, brown, and dark brown
to blackish coloration in fresh remain as melanophores: band on upper lip and snout, two blotcheson opercular and anterior to pectoral-fin base, 3
to 4 uppermost pectoral-fin rays near base, dorsal
band on nape and anterior of first dorsal fin, 8
saddle markings on body, caudal peduncle band,
first dorsal fin, and two longitudinal bands on
second dorsal fin. In addition, melanophores present partly on underside of head with unpigmented
area, isthmus, and anterior to pelvic-fin base; head
pigmentation somewhat dense in male but sparsein female.
Distribution. In Japan, known from rocky
shores at depths of 0–4 m in Tosa Bay, Kochi
Prefecture, and Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima
Prefecture; also Taiwan (Shen, 1994; Chiang andChen, 2008).
14

Remarks. In the western and central Pacific,
the present specimens belong to the E. etheostomus species-group (Fricke, 1997) being characterized by having: a large body size (33–54 mm
SL); high numbers of second dorsal-fin spines(12–16), anterior lateral-line scales (15–23) andtotal scale rows (32–39); parts of the anterior headand body dark in males; males with a high firstdorsal fin; and posterior lateral-line series continuing 2 rows below the anterior series. This speciesgroup includes 6 species: E. etheostoma (Jordan
and Snyder, 1902), E. vexillarius, E. miyakensis
Fricke, 1987, E. leucopunctatus, E. hsiojenae, andE. senoui Motomura, Harazaki and Hardy, 2005.
As mentioned above, Chiang and Chen (2008)
regarded E. leucopunctatus and E. hsiojenae as
valid species, clearly different from E. vexillarius
by fresh coloration, the mandibular pore pattern(4+1+4 in E. leucopunctatus, 3+1+3 in E. hsiojenae and E. vexillarius), and the counts of second
dorsal-fin spines (14 in E. hsiojenae, 13 in E.
leucopunctatus, and 16 in E. vexillarius). Further,
their molecular analysis of 11 Enneapterygius species from around Taiwan indicated that E. hsiojenae and E. leucopunctatus are separated fromeach other (E. hsiojenae forms a clade with E. elegans), although E. vexillarius was not included in
the analysis. We confirmed that the holotype of E.
vexillarius (ANSP 72068) has 16 second dorsalfin spines, 14 pored lateral-line scales, 16 notchedlateral-line scales, 2+1+4 transverse scale rows,
no dermal flap above eye (but probably damaged),
and maxillary end slightly beyond vertical line atanterior rim of pupil (Fig. 3). In addition, Fowler(1946) noted that E. vexillarius showed the following markings and coloration: anal fin reddish,with 10 transverse dark bars, most distinct alongbase of fin; caudal fin red, with 5 irregular transverse gray bars; ventral body uniformly red.
The present specimens are easily separablefrom E. etheostoma and E. miyakensis by theshape of the anterior nostril’s dermal flap (unbranched vs. 2–3 branches in other two species),
the number of transverse scale rows above anterior lateral line (2.5–3 vs. 5–6), overall markingsand coloration, and nuptial coloration in male(inconspicuous vs. melanistic: Senou, 2009),
from E. senoui by the counts of second dorsal-

Enneapterygius leucopunctatus from Japanfin spines (12–13 vs. 14–15), pored lateral-line
scales (15–18 vs. 20–21), overall markings andcoloration, and nuptial coloration (vs. melanistic
in male and yellow anal fin in female: Motomura
et al., 2005), from E. vexillarius and E. hsiojenae
by the mandibular pore pattern (usually 4+1+4
vs. 3+1+3) and overall markings and coloration(Fowler, 1946; Shen, 1994; Chiang and Chen,
2008). Further, our specimens clearly differ fromE. vexillarius by the count of second dorsal-fin
spines (12–13 vs. 16) and pored lateral-line scales(15–18 vs. 14).
Our specimens conform to E. leucopunctatusin having 12–13 second dorsal-fin spines (13 in
15 specimens), 9–11 third dorsal-fin rays (9 or 10
in 15 specimens), 17–19 anal-fin soft rays (18 in
12 specimens), usually 3+6+7 pectoral-fin rays,
15–19 pored lateral-line scales, 16–19 notchedlateral-line scales, and usually a 4+1+4 mandibular pore pattern (Table 1; Fig. 2). In addition, 2
white bands on the shoulder girdle, 6 ring-likemarkings and 8 dark brown saddle-like markings
on the body, a dark band on the caudal peduncle,
other white and blackish stripes on fin membranes, and inconspicuous dichromatism agree
well with the color photographs of E. leucopunctatus by Shen (1994). We tentatively regard somedifferences of counts and proportions among thespecimens from Taiwan (Shen, 1994; Chiang andChen, 2008), Yaku-shima Island and Tosa Bay asvariation within the species. Although the rangeof snout length in Japanese specimens is different
from that in the original description (2.9–3.6 in
HL vs. 3.5–3.8), the photographs of two paratypes
and the present materials suggest that the snout
proportions do not significantly differ from eachother (Fig. 1; Shen, 1994: fig. 8). Further, therange in Japanese specimens is almost identicalwith that in Chiang and Chen (2008) (27.0–34.7% HL vs. 25.4–33.2) (Table 1). The wide rangeof some proportional characters, however, maysuggest that the materials include more than one
species.
Enneapterygius leucopunctatus has been previously recorded only from Taiwan: Wen-tz-keng(type locality, east of Keelung, in northern Taiwan), Chenggong (central east coast) and Fengchui-sha (southern Taiwan) at depths of 2–12 m(Shen, 1994; Chiang and Chen, 2008). Hence, thepresent specimens represent the first records fromoutside Taiwan. Although the species’ known
range is extended to Yaku-shima Island and Tosa
Bay, southern Japan, its occurrence around the
Ryukyu Islands and Amami-ohshima Islands isstill unknown. If this gap between Taiwan andYaku-shima Island is confirmed by further investigation, the distributional pattern of E. leucopunctatus may support a hypothesis of the Kuroshio
Current acting as a barrier related to the endemism of the fish fauna around the Ryukyu Islands
as proposed by Senou et al. (2006).
The new Japanese name of E. leucopunctatus,“Hakuten-hebigimpo”, meaning “white spotted triplefin”, is based on the male specimen of
KAUM–I. 21838 collected from Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima.
Comparative material examined. Enneapterygius vexillarius: ANSP 72068, holotype, 30.1mm SL, 39.0 mm in total length, Aguni-jima Island, Okinawa Islands, 27 July 1945.
Acknowledgments
We are very grateful to D. Didier-Dagit, M. H.
Sabaj, and K. Luckenbill (ANSP) for examining
and taking the photograph of the holotype of E.
vexillaris, and to H. Motomura, M. Meguro and
KAUM fish team (Kagoshima University Museum), K. Shibukawa (Nagao Natural Environment Foundation, Tokyo), and S. Harazaki (MoriTo-Umi, Kagoshima) for providing information
on Japanese triplefins. We also thank G. Yearsley(Hobart, Australia) for editing the English text.
This study was supported in part by Grant-in-Aids
for Scientific Research (A) by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan(19208019).
Literature cited
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genus Enneapterygius (Teleostei: Tripterygiidae)
from Taiwan, with description of two new species.
The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement, (19):183–201.
Fowler, H. W. 1946. A collection of fishes obtained in
the Riu Kiu Islands by Captain Ernest R. Tinkham
A. U. S. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural
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Fricke, R. 1997. Tripterygiid fishes of the western andcentral Pacific with descriptions of 15 new species, including an annotated checklist of world
Tripterygiidae (Teleostei). Koeltz ScientificBooks, Königstein. ix + 607 pp.
Fricke, R. 2009. Systematics of the Tripterygiidae(triplefins). Pages 31–67 in R. A. Patzner, E. J.
Gonçalves, P. A. Hastings and B. D. G. Kapoor(eds.). The Biology of Blennies. Science Publishers, Enfield.
Hayashi, M. 2002. Tripterygiidae. Pages 1077–1086,
1590–1591 in T. Nakabo (ed.). Fishes of Japan
with pictorial keys to the species, English edition.
Tokai University Press, Tokyo.
Holleman, W. 2005. A review of the triplefin fish genus Enneapterygius (Blennioidei: Tripterygiidae)
in the western Indian Ocean, with descriptionsof four new species. Smithiana, Publications in
Aquatic Biodiversity, Bulletin, (5):i–ii + 1–25 +pls.1–2.
Hubbs, C. L. and K. F. Lagler. 1958. Fishes of theGreat Lakes region. Cranbrook Institute of Science, (26):i–xiii + 1–213, pls. 1–44.
Meguro, M. and H. Motomura. 2010. First records
of a triplefin (Tripterygiidae), Enneapterygius
hemimelas, from Japan. Pages 1–8 in H. Motomura and K. Matsuura (eds.). Fishes of Yaku-shimaIsland – A World Heritage island in the Osumi
Group, Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan.
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo.
Motomura, H., S. Harazaki and G. S. Hardy. 2005. A
new species of triplefin (Perciformes: Tripterygiidae), Enneapterygius senoui, from Japan with a
discussion of its in situ colour pattern. Aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biolology, 10(1):
5–14.

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Randall, J. E. and K. K. P. Lim. 2000. A checklist of
the fishes of the South China Sea. The Raffles
Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement, (8):569–667.
Senou, H. (ed.). 2009. Sea fishes of Japan. Yama-Kei,
Tokyo. 544 pp.
Senou, H., K. Matsuura and G. Shinohara. 2006.
Checklist of fishes in the Sagami Sea with zoogeographical comments on shallow water fishes
occurring along the coastlines under the influenceof the Kuroshio Current. Memoirs of the National
Science Museum, Tokyo, (41):389–542.
Shen, S.-C. 1993. Tripterygiidae. Pages 489–492,
776–777 in S.-C. Shen, S.-C. Lee, K.-T. Shao, H.K. Mok, C.-H. Chen and C.-T. Chen (eds.). Fishesof Taiwan. Department of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei.
Shen, S.-C. 1994. A revision of the tripterygiid fishes
from coastal waters of Taiwan with descriptionsof two new genera and five new species. Acta
Zoologica Taiwanica, 5(2):1–32.
Shibukawa, K., T. Suzuki and M. Hosokawa. 2004.
First record of a triplefin, Enneapterygius cheni,
from Japan (Perciformes: Tripterygidae). Izu Oceanic Park Diving News, 15(3):2–6 (In Japanesewith English abstract).
Shimojyo, A. and M. Hayashi. 2000. Seven new records of tripterigid fishes from the coastal watersof Japan. Science Reports of Yokosuka City Museum, (47):39–58.
Yoshigou, H. and T. Yoshino. 2002. First records oftwo blennioid fishes, Enneapterygius rhabdotus
and Blenniella interrupta from Japan. Izu Oceanic
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H. Motomura and K. Matsuura (eds) Fishes of Yaku-shima Island
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 10 March 2010

Distributional range extension of a scorpionfish,
Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus, in the Indo–Pacific,
and comments on synonymy of S. parvipinnis(Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae)
Hiroyuki Motomura1*, Gota Ogihara1 and Kiyoshi Hagiwara2
1

Kagoshima University Museum, 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
Yokosuka City Museum, 95 Fukadadai, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-0016, Japan*
Corresponding author: e-mail: motomura@kaum.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
2

Abstract Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus, previously known only from type specimens from Fiji and
the Marshall Islands, is reported here on the basis of 27 specimens from the eastern Indian Ocean(Christmas Island, Australia) and the Pacific Ocean (East Asia, Micronesia, Melanesia, Timor Sea,and Polynesia). Validity of diagnostic characters of S. quadrispinosus given in the original description is assessed and newly recognized diagnoses are provided. Paronescodes asperrimus is regarded
here as a junior synonym of S. parvipinnis.
Key words: Scorpaenidae, Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus, S. parvipinnis, Paronescodes asperrimus.

Introduction
The shallow water scorpionfish, Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus, was originally described by
Greenfield and Matsuura (2002) on the basis offive specimens (47.5–76.2 mm standard length)from Fiji (type locality) and the Marshall Islands.
Subsequently, Randall (2005) based his accountfor this species on the original description without
reference to additional specimens. No specimensof S. quadrispinosus have been reported since its
original description.
Ongoing taxonomic studies of Scorpaenodes
by the first author and colleagues (e.g., Motomura
et al., 2009) revealed that S. quadrispinosus, previously known only from Fiji and the MarshallIslands, is in fact widely distributed in the eastern
Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. The species isredescribed here on the basis of 27 new specimens, collected from Japan, Taiwan, Pohnpei,
Marshall Islands, Solomon Islands, Papua New
Guinea, Australia, and French Polynesia. The
validity of diagnostic characters of S. quadrispinosus given by Greenfield and Matsuura (2002)

is also assessed and newly recognized diagnostic
characters are provided.
Scorpaenodes parvipinnis, originally described as Scorpaena parvipinnis by Garrett(1864) on the basis of a single specimen (depositedat CAS, but destroyed by fire in 1906; Eschmeyer,1998) from the Hawaiian Islands, is closely related to S. quadrispinosus (see Greenfield andMatsuura, 2002; Randall, 2005). This similarity
is supported by the fact that most of our 27 specimens of S. quadrispinosus, except for newly collected specimens from Yaku-shima Island, Japan,
were registered as S. parvipinnis in museum collections.
Paronescodes asperrimus was originallydescribed as a new genus and species by Smith(1958) on the basis of 19 specimens reported as S.
parvipinnis by Smith (1957) from the Seychelles,
Mozambique, and Tanzania. The only publication
dealing with P. asperrimus since its original description is that of Eschmeyer (1986) in which it
was regarded as a junior synonym of S. parvipinnis without giving reasons or examined specimens.
17

H. Motomura et al.

In their description of Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus, Greenfield and Matsuura (2002) did not discuss Eschmeyer’s decision that P. asperrimus wasa junior synonym of S. parvipinnis. To clarify thissituation, we examined the 19 type specimens of P.
asperrimus in this study and confirmed the validity of S. quadrispinosus and taxonomic status of P.
asperrimus as a synonym.
Materials and methods
Counts and measurements follow Motomura
et al. (2005a–c) and Greenfield and Matsuura(2002) respectively. The last two soft rays of thedorsal and anal fins are counted as single rays,
each pair being associated with a single pterygiophore. Standard length is expressed as SL.
Terminology of head spines follow Randall andEschmeyer (2002: fig. 1) and Motomura (2004:
fig. 1), with the following additions: the spine occurring at the base of the uppermost preopercularspine is referred to as the supplemental preopercular spine (Eschmeyer, 1965); the spine occurring at the lateral surface of the lacrimal bone isreferred to as the lateral lacrimal spine (Motomura
and Senou, 2008: fig. 2); the coronal and pretympanic (as an extra spine) spines are as figured in
Chen (1981: fig. 1) and Motomura et al. (2004:
fig. 14b) respectively; and the longitudinal ridgeon the anterior portion of the lacrimal is referred
to as the lacrimal ridge. The formula for configuration of the supraneural bones, anterior neuralspines and anterior dorsal-fin pterygiophores follows Ahlstrom et al. (1976). The presence of aswimbladder was confirmed by dissection of theabdomen on the right side of KAUM–I. 11475.
The osteological characters were confirmed from
X-ray images taken of two specimens (YCM–P
34209, 34291). ‘Description’ is based only on
specimens examined in this study, and ‘Diagnosis’is based on this study and Greenfield and Matsuura (2002).
Specimens examined in this study have been
deposited in the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco (CAS); Fish Division, Field
Museum of Natural History, Chicago (FMNH);
Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima(KAUM); Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of
Natural History, Odawara (KPM); South Afri18

can Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, National
Research Foundation, Grahamstown (SAIAB);
Museum Support Center, Smithsonian Institute,
National Museum of Natural History, Suitland(USNM); Fish Department, Western AustralianMuseum of Natural Science, Welshpool (WAM);
and Yokosuka City Museum, Yokosuka (YCM).
Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus
Greenfield and Matsuura, 2002
[New English name: Furry Coral Scorpionfish][New Japanese name: Atsuhimesangokasago](Figs. 1–2; Table 1)
Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus Greenfield andMatsuura, 2002: 973, figs. 1, 2A (type locality: off Suva, Viti Levu Island, Fiji); Randall,
2005: 121 (color figure of Fijian specimen).
Material examined. 27 specimens, 27.3–99.8mm SL. JAPAN: KAUM–I. 11469, 74.7 mm
SL, Isso, Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima, Japan,
30°27′23″N, 130°29′59″E, 0.1–5 m, KAUM
fish team,13 Aug. 2008; KAUM–I. 11475, 79.6mm SL, same data as KAUM–I. 11469; YCM–P
34209, 93.7 mm SL, Setouchi, Amami-oshimaIsland, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, 28 Aug. 1994;
YCM–P 34291, 99.8 mm SL, Hamazaki, Setouchi, Kakeroma Island, Amami-oshima Island,
Ryukyu Islands, Japan, 29 Aug. 1994. TAIWAN:
USNM 361037, 2 specimens, 62.3–64.9 mm
SL, Ch’uan-fan-shih, 21˚56′08″N, 120˚49′20″E,
5–6 m, V. Springer et al., 24 Apr. 1968; USNM
361042, 2 specimens, 58.5–81.2 mm SL, south ofChin-chiao-wan, 21˚55′15″N, 120˚49′45″E, 0–6m, V. Springer and J. Choat, 8 May 1968. POHNPEI: USNM 224495, 3 specimens, 33.7–81.7 mm
SL, Nanmatol, Ponape, 5˚51′N, 158˚20′E, 0–2m, V. Springer et al., 3 Sept. 1980. MARSHALLISLANDS: USNM 140488, 74.2 mm SL, Bikini
Atoll, between Bikini and Amen Islands, V. Brocket al., 21 July 1947; USNM 140489, 2 specimens,
55.8–65.3 mm SL, Bikini Atoll, Eman Island, L.
Schultz et al., 19 July 1947; USNM 140490, 64.0
mm SL, Bikini Atoll, Eman Island, L. Schultz etal., 17 July 1947; USNM 360997, 3 specimens,
72.1–74.4 mm SL, Bikar, Taka or Kwajalein
Atolls, A. Amerson, 15 Oct.–11 Nov. 1964. SOL-

Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus in the Indo-PacificA

B

Fig. 1. Fresh specimens of Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus from Japan. A, KAUM–I. 11475, 79.6 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island,
Kagoshima Prefecture; B, YCM–P 34209, 93.7 mm SL, Amami-oshima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, photo by M.
Hayashi.

OMON ISLANDS: USNM 391125, 76.3 mm
SL, north end of Taumako Island, Duff Islands,
Santa Cruz Islands, 9˚51′00″S, 167˚09′30″E,
0–8 m, J. Williams et al., 21 Sept. 1998. PAPUANEW GUINEA: WAM P. 30624-028, 27.3 mm
SL, Madang, 5˚09′00″S, 145˚50′00″E, 9–12 m,
G. Allen et al., 28 Jan. 1993. AUSTRALIA:WAM P. 29061-007, 31.5 mm SL, Cartier Island,
Northern Territory, 12˚31′S, 123˚33′E, 10–12 m,
G. Allen, 20 Sept. 1986; WAM P. 29331-005, 2
specimens, 46.6–48.6 mm SL, Christmas Island,
10˚27′S, 105˚42′E, 0.1–3 m, G. Allen, 25 Feb.
1987. FRENCH POLYNESIA: USNM 379391,
4 specimens, 84.5–94.1 mm SL, east side of Isle
Karapoo rahi, Rapa, 27˚38′53″S, 144˚19′49″W,
0–4 m, J. Williams et al., 1 Nov. 2002.

Diagnosis. A species of Scorpaenodes withthe following combination of characters: 16–18(usually 17) pectoral-fin rays; 39–47 (mode 45)
scale rows in longitudinal series; 4 or 5 (5) gillrakers on upper limb, 7–9 (7) on lower limb,
11–13 (12) in total; anterior and posterior lacrimal
spines simple, poorly developed; dorsal lacrimalbone with 1 (rarely 2) small, dorsally directed
spine; no spine at lacrimal ridge; lateral lacrimal
spine simple, well developed; 3 suborbital spines,
first spine extending dorsally above ventral margin of orbit; an additional spine below second
suborbital spine; interorbital and coronal spines
usually present; no distinct black blotches on
opercle or subopercle.

19

H. Motomura et al.

Description. Proportional measurements, as
percentages of SL, are given in Table 1. Dorsal
fin with 13 spines and 9 soft rays (8 rays in 1
specimen); anal fin with 3 spines and 5 soft rays
(4 and 6 rays in 2 and 1 specimens respectively);
pectoral fin usually with 17 rays on each side ofbody (18 rays on each side in 3 specimens; asymmetrically 16 and 17 in 2 specimens, 17 and 18
in 4 specimens); 42–47 (mode 45) scale rows inlongitudinal series; 20–24 (23) pored lateral-line
scales; 4–8 (6) scales above lateral line, 18–25 (21)below; 4–7 (5) scale rows between last dorsalfin base and lateral line; 4 or 5 (5) gill rakers on
upper limb, 7–9 (7) on lower limb, 0 on hypobranchial, 11–13 (12) in total; 4 dorsal series of
caudal-procurrent rays, 4 ventral series; 2 dorsal
series of segmented, unbranched caudal-fin rays, 3ventral series; 6 dorsal series of branched caudalfin rays, 5 ventral series. Formula for configuration of anterior neural spines and anterior dorsal
pterygiophores //2+1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1+1/.
Body not strongly compressed anteriorly, progressively compressed posteriorly. Nape and anterior body not strongly arched. Body depth rela-

tively deep, less than head length. Numerous tiny,
slender tentacles on head and body. Short, broad
tentacle on posterior edge of low membranous
tube associated with anterior nostril. Pectoralfin axil without skin flaps. Scales covering dorsal
and lateral surfaces of head and mid-lateral surface of maxilla. Well-exposed ctenoid scales onlateral surface of trunk, scales becoming cycloid
on abdomen. Exposed cycloid scales (sometimes
with cteni) on anteroventral surface of body. Body
scales extending onto basal fin rays or membranes, except for bases of pelvic fins. Lateralline nearly straight from upper end of gill opening
to caudal-fin base. Underside of dentary without
distinct sensory pores on each side; pores covered
with skin. Pair of small pores, usually covered
with skin, behind symphysial knob of lower jaw
in ventral view.
Posterior margin of maxilla reaching or extending slightly beyond a vertical through posterior margin of orbit. No distinct longitudinal ridgeon lateral surface of maxilla. Width of symphysial
gap separating premaxillary teeth bands subequal
to width of each band. Upper and lower jaws with

Table1. Measurements, expressed as percentages of SL, of type (Greenfield and Matsuura, 2002) and non-type specimens(this study) of Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus. Means in parentheses.
This study
Greenfield and Matsuura (2002)
Non-types
Holotype
Paratypes
Indo-PacificFiji
Fiji and Marshall Islandsn = 27n=4Standard length (SL; mm)
27.3–99.8
75.0
47.5–76.2
Head length
40.6–45.2 (42.7)
37.7
35.8–43.4 (39.3)
Snout length
10.2–12.7 (11.2)
9.9
8.2–10.1 (9.2)
Orbit diameter
10.8–13.9 (12.7)
12.8
12.2–13.4 (12.7)
Interorbital width
6.8–8.7 (7.7)
8.0
7.0–8.4 (7.6)
Upper-jaw length
21.7–26.3 (23.8)
20.9
18.5–20.9 (19.3)
Predorsal-fin length
36.5–42.2 (39.1)
36.5
31.5–38.7 (34.7)
Body depth
31.9–37.9 (35.3)
35.1
32.7–35.1 (33.7)
Pectoral-fin length
25.7–31.3 (27.5)
26.7
26.6–29.1 (27.4)
Pelvic-fin length
21.1–27.3 (24.3)
23.2
25.4–27.4 (25.6)
Caudal-fin length
21.4–26.2 (24.3)
23.6
22.6–23.9 (23.2)
1st dorsal-fin spine length
3.9–6.1 (5.1)
4.5
4.2–5.9 (4.9)
2nd dorsal-fin spine length
5.7–8.9 (7.1)
7.1
6.1–8.7 (7.2)
3rd dorsal-fin spine length
7.5–10.6 (9.0)
9.7
7.0–10.0 (8.7)
4th dorsal-fin spine length
8.4–11.3 (9.8)
10.3
7.2–11.1 (9.7)
5th dorsal-fin spine length
7.8–11.6 (10.5)
10.8
9.3–11.1 (10.3)
6th dorsal-fin spine length
8.3–11.9 (10.5)
11.2
8.8–11.0 (10.0)
7th dorsal-fin spine length
8.9–11.9 (10.6)
10.4
9.1–11.5 (10.2)
8th dorsal-fin spine length
7.4–11.6 (10.1)
9.7
8.8–10.5 (9.9)
9th dorsal-fin spine length
7.1–11.5 (9.5)
8.5
8.0–9.5 (8.6)
10th dorsal-fin spine length
6.5–10.4 (8.6)
5.7
5.8–8.4 (7.0)
11th dorsal-fin spine length
4.1–8.4 (6.8)
4.7
3.4–6.5 (4.5)
12th dorsal-fin spine length
4.5–7.1 (5.6)
3.3
2.4–4.8 (3.5)
13th dorsal-fin spine length
8.0–10.4 (9.3)
7.7
7.8–9.9 (8.3)
1st anal-fin spine length
7.1–11.9 (9.5)
9.6
10.2–11.3 (10.4)
2nd anal-fin spine length
14.5–22.2 (18.2)
17.7
17.2–21.6 (18.7)
3rd anal-fin spine length
10.9–16.3 (14.0)
14.9
13.8–15.9 (14.8)
Longest anal-fin soft ray (2nd)17.2–22.7 (20.8)
20.8
21.1–23.1 (21.8)
Longest dorsal-fin soft ray (5th)15.5–18.0 (16.9)
16.8
17.0–17.4 (17.1)

20

Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus in the Indo-PacificFig. 2. Distributional recordsof Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus. ★ based on specimens examined inthis study; ● based on
Greenfield and Matsuura(2002).

villiform teeth, lacking canine teeth. Villiform
teeth forming V-shaped patch on vomer. Palatine
teeth absent. Underside of lower jaw withoutridges. Gill rakers relatively short and spinous;
slit present behind fourth gill arch. Swimbladderpresent, well developed.
Dorsal profile of snout steep, forming angleof about 40 degrees to horizontal axis of head andbody. Ascending process of premaxilla slightly
intruding into interorbital space, its posterior
margin extending well beyond level of posterior
margin of posterior nostril in dorsal view. Median interorbital ridge absent. Interorbital ridges
weakly developed (sometimes absent), separated
by relatively shallow channel; interorbital spines
usually present at level of midline of eye. Interorbital space shallow, with about one-tenth oforbit extending above dorsal profile of head. Preocular spine simple, slightly flattened anteriorly
and posteriorly; anterior surface of spine without distinct ridges. Supraocular, postocular, andtympanic spines simple. Coronal spines usuallypresent (sometimes absent on one side of head)
between origins of tympanic spines. Pretympanic
spines absent. Occipital region flat, with no distinct ridges in front or rear of occiput. Parietal
and nuchal spines joined at base. Sphenotic withseveral small spines. Postorbital usually with tiny
spines. Pterotic spine simple, directed posteroven-trally. Upper and lower posttemporal spines present; length of upper spine about one-third of thatof lower spine. Supracleithral and cleithral spines
simple.
Lateral lacrimal spine simple, well developed.
Anterior and posterior lacrimal spines simple,
triangular or rounded, not strongly developed.
Dorsal lacrimal with 0–2 sharp spines directeddorsally. Suborbital ridge with 3 well developed
spines in a row; first spine canted dorsally, its tip
below posterior margin of pupil; second and third
spines behind orbit. An additional spine below
second suborbital spine. No space between ventral
margin of eye and suborbital ridge. Suborbital pit
small. Preopercle with 3 spines; uppermost spine
largest with supplemental preopercular spine on
its base; space between second and third spines
broader than that between first and second spines.
Preopercle, between uppermost preopercularspine and upper end of preopercle, without serrae or spines, and its margin completely covered
with scales. Upper opercular spine simple without median ridge. Lower opercular spine simple
with low median ridge. Space between upper andlower opercular spines without ridges. Posterior
tips of upper and lower opercular spines reachingand extending slightly beyond opercular marginrespectively.
Origin of first dorsal-fin spine above supra21

H. Motomura et al.

A

B

Fig. 3. Fresh specimens of Scorpaenodes parvipinnis from Japan. A, KAUM–I. 6601, 72.6 mm SL, Okinawa-jima Island,
Ryukyu Islands; B, KPM–NI 4855, 81.2 mm SL, Ie-jima Island, Ryukyu Islands, photo by H. Senou.

cleithral spine. Posterior margin of opercularmembrane reaching a vertical through base ofthird dorsal-fin spine. Posterior tip of pectoral fin
not reaching a vertical through origin of anal fin.
Origin of pelvic-fin spine slightly posterior to avertical through origin of pectoral fin. Posterior
tip of depressed pelvic fin not reaching origin of
anal fin. Origin of first anal-fin spine anterior to avertical through last dorsal-fin spine.
Color when fresh. Based on color photographsof KAUM and YCM specimens (Fig. 1). Body
strongly variegated, mainly from pale pink todense red, with 4 indistinct, vertical, dark bands
on lateral surface of body; first band above oper22

cle, second between middle of spinous portion of
dorsal fin and pectoral fin, third below ninth totwelfth spines of dorsal fin, and fourth below softrayed portion of dorsal fin. All fins, except forspinous portion of dorsal fin, pinkish to reddish,with small reddish to blackish spots scatteredon rays. Caudal-fin base with a vertical, reddish
band, its width less than pupil diameter. No distinct black blotches on opercle or subopercle.
Color of preserved specimens. Head and trunk
yellowish-white, mottled with black blotches;few black spots on ventral surface of body. Blackspots scattered on all fins, except for lower portion of pectoral fin.

Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus in the Indo-Pacific

Distribution and habitats. Currently known
from the eastern Indian Ocean (Christmas Island,
Australia) and the Pacific Ocean (East Asia,
Micronesia, Melanesia, Timor Sea, and Polynesia) (Fig. 2). The northernmost and easternmost
recorded ranges of the species are considered to
be Yaku-shima Island, Japan, and Rapa, French
Polynesia (Fig. 2). Yoshigou (2004: fig. 2) reported a single specimen of Scorpaenodes sp. from
Minamidaito-jima Island (ca. 400 km east of Okinawa Island), Japan, and gave an illustration of
the head of the specimen. His specimen is identified here as S. quadrispinosus. Collection data forthe species indicated capture depths less than 12
m. The species occurs on rocky reefs with strong
surge. Most specimens of S. quadrispinosus werecollected with S. parvipinnis.
Remarks. Characters of the present 27 specimens agreed with those of type specimens of S.
quadrispinosus given by Greenfield and Matsuura(2002). As Greenfield and Matsuura (2002) mentioned, S. quadrispinosus can be easily distinguished from all other congeners by the first suborbital spine (= Greenfield and Matsuura’s second
suborbital spine, their first spine is equivalent to
the lateral lacrimal spine in this study; see Motomura and Senou, 2008: fig. 2) extending dorsally above the ventral margin of the orbit (vs. spine
tip in line with suborbital ridge and not projecting
dorsally in the latter). Although some spines in
S. parvipinnis (Fig. 3) point dorsally, they do notreach the ventral margin of the orbit (Greenfieldand Matsuura, 2002: fig. 2; this study). Greenfield and Matsuura (2002) considered that thedorsally directed suborbital spine could possibly
be a synapomorphy uniting S. quadrispinosus
and S. parvipinnis. Detailed comparisons of S.
quadrispinosus with other congeners were given
in Greenfield and Matsuura (2002).
Greenfield and Matsuura (2002) distinguished
S. quadrispinosus from S. parvipinnis by lacking the dorsally directed spine on the lacrimal
ridge (vs. having the spine in the latter). However, examination of specimens of S. parvipinnis
in this study showed that they often lacked thespine from the lacrimal ridge, indicating that thecharacter is not always reliable for species’ discrimination. In addition, Greenfield and Matsuura(2002) mentioned four color pattern differences
between the two species; viz., S. quadrispinosus
is characterized by having four prominent dark
spots along the base of the spinous portion of thedorsal fin, a dark spot running between the basesof the parietal and tympanic spines, three rows ofdark spots on the caudal fin, and the general background color of cream with some pink overtones.
These color characters, however, vary considerably between individuals and cannot be used as
diagnoses. The density and pattern of colorationof S. quadrispinosus may be influenced by environmental conditions for protective mimicry or
camouflage.
Examination of specimens of S. quadrispinosus and S. parvipinnis during this study revealed
that S. quadrispinosus also differs from the latterin having lower counts of pectoral-fin rays (usually
17 vs. 18 in S. parvipinnis), scale rows in the longitudinal series [39–47 (mode 45) vs. 49–62 (52)],
scales above the lateral line [4–8 (6) vs. 9–11(10)], and scale rows between last dorsal-fin baseand lateral line [4–7 (5) vs. 7–8 (7)], and higher
counts of scales below the lateral line [18–25 (21)vs. 14–18 (15)], in addition to characters given
by Greenfield and Matsuura (2002) and Randall(2005), viz., three suborbital spines in S. quadrispinosus (vs. 5–15 spines in S. parvipinnis), andthe first suborbital spine extending dorsally above
the ventral margin of the orbit (vs. not reaching
the orbital margin).
A nominal species, Paronescodes asperrimus
Smith, 1958, was not mentioned in the originaldescription of S. quadrispinosus, although Eschmeyer (1986) regarded it as a junior synonymof S. parvipinnis, a close relative to S. quadrispinosus. Examination of all type specimens [holotype (Fig. 4) and 18 paratypes; listed below]of P. asperrimus in this study showed them to be
identical with S. parvipinnis; thus P. asperrimus isregarded here as a junior synonym of S. parvipinnis. Selected meristics of the type specimens of P.
asperrimus are as follows (data for holotype arepresented first, followed by data for paratypes inparentheses if different): Dorsal-fin rays XIII, 9;
anal-fin rays III, 5; pectoral fin rays 18 on eachside of body (18 on each side in 14 paratypes,
and 19 in a paratype; asymmetrically 17 and 18 in
23

H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 4. Holotype of Paronescodes asperrimus, SAIAB 112, 90.6 mm SL, La Digue Island, Seychelles.

2 paratypes, and 18 and 19 in 1 paratype); scalerows in longitudinal series 52 (49–55); pored
lateral-line scales 23; scales above lateral line 9(9–11), below 14 (14–18); scale rows between lastdorsal-fin base and lateral line 7 (7–8); scale rows
between sixth dorsal-fin base and lateral line 8(8–10); predorsal scale rows 11 (11–14); gill rakers on upper limb 4 (4–5), on lower limb 8 (7–8),
on hypobranchial 0, total 12 (11–13).
Comparative material examined. Typespecimens of Paronescodes asperrimus (=Scorpaenodes parvipinnis): SAIAB 112, holotype, 90.6 mm SL, La Digue Island, Seychelles,
04°22′00″S, 55°49′59″E, J. Smith and M. Smith;
SAIAB 377, paratype, 23.0 mm SL, Ibo Island,
Querimba Archipelago, Mozambique, 12°19′59″S,
40°37′00″E, Aug. 1951; SAIAB 378, 3 paratypes, 52.9–67.7 mm SL, Mafia Island, Tanzania,
07°50′60″S, 39°46′59″E, J. Smith, Nov. 1954;
SAIAB 379, paratype, 66.1 mm SL, Pinda Island,
Mozambique, 14°2167’S, 40°7667’E, J. Smith
and M. Smith, 1956; SAIAB 380, 4 paratypes,
60.5–77.8 mm SL, Assumption Island, Cosmoledo Islands, Seychelles, 09°45′00″S, 46°30′00″E,
J. Smith, Nov. 1954; SAIAB 381, paratype, 71.8mm SL, Aldabra Island, Seychelles, 09°25′59″S,
46°19′59″E, J. Smith and M. Smith, Nov. 1954;
SAIAB 382, paratype, 42.8 mm SL, Bazaruto
Island, Mozambique, 21°40′00″S, 35°30′00″E,
Sept. 1953; SAIAB 383, 2 paratypes, 65.1–
76.2 mm SL, Bazaruto Island, Mozambique,24

21°40′00″S, 35°30′00″E, Sept. 1953; SAIAB 384,
paratype, 72.3 mm SL, Zanzibar Island, Tanzania,
06°10′00″S, 39°10′59″E, Sept. 1952; SAIAB 385,
paratype, 58.3 mm SL, Zanzibar Island, Tanzania,
06°10′00″S, 39°10′59″E, Dec. 1957; SAIAB 386,
2 paratypes, 34.8–40.9 mm SL, collection data
unknown; SAIAB 387, paratype, 82.4 mm SL,
collection data unknown.
Type specimens of Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus: CAS 214498, holotype, 74.2 mm SL,
off Suva, Viti Levu Island, Fiji, 4.6–6.4 m, D.
Greenfield et al., 28 May 1999; FMNH 110236,
paratype, 47.8 mm SL, same data as CAS 214498;
USNM 367135, paratype, 76.8 mm SL, same data
as CAS 214498.
Scorpaenodes parvipinnis: FMNH 112040,
64.7 mm SL, Ashmore Reef, 10°09′31″S,144°35′26″E, FNQ team, 25 Jan. 1993; KAUM–
I. 255, 76.9 mm SL, south side of Shin-nittetsu
oil factory in Ishado, Nakagusuku, Nakagami,
Okinawa-jima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan,
26°17′44″N, 127°48′38″E, Y. Sakurai, 9 July
2006, washed up by Typhoon No. 3; KAUM–I.
256, 74.3 mm SL, same data as KAUM–I. 255;
KAUM–I. 6596, 77.2 mm SL, Nakagusuku-hama
Port, Hama, Nakagusuku, Nakagami, Okinawajima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, 26°15′29″N,
127°47′38″E, Y. Sakurai, 13 July 2007, washed
up by Typhoon No. 4; KAUM–I. 6597, 72.2mm SL, same data as KAUM–I. 6596; KAUM–
I. 6598, 79.7 mm SL, same data as KAUM–I.

Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus in the Indo-Pacific6596; KAUM–I. 6599, 69.2 mm SL, same data
as KAUM–I. 6596; KAUM–I. 6600, 80.8 mm
SL, same data as KAUM–I. 6596; KAUM–I.
6601, 72.6 mm SL, same data as KAUM–I.
6596; KAUM–I. 6602, 75.4 mm SL, same data
as KAUM–I. 6596; KAUM–I. 7089, 60.8 mm
SL, same data as KAUM–I. 6596; KAUM–I.
20324, 57.9 mm SL, west of Kamazeno-hana,
Kurio, Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima, Japan,
30°16′03″N, 130°24′48″E, 0–11 m, KAUM fish
team, 30 Oct. 2008; KAUM–I. 12818, 72.6 mm
SL, Sesoko Island, Okinawa-jima Island, Ryukyu
Islands, Japan, 26°38′N, 127°51′E, Y. Sakurai, 1Jan. 2008; KPM–NI 4855, 81.2 mm SL, Kananzaki, Ie-jima Island, Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, 15
m, 6 June 1998; USNM 140483, 70.0 mm SL, Bikini Atoll, Namu Island, L. Schultz et al., 6 Aug.
1947; WAM P. 33056-008, 36.4 mm SL, Sekartaji, Nusa Penida, Indonesia, 08°48′S, 115°36′E,
15–20 m, G. Allen and M. Erdmann, Nov. 2008;
WAM P. 31522-005, 25.1 mm SL, Pulau Weh, Sumatra, Indonesia, 05°54′N, 95°13′E, 20–23 m, G.
Allen, 23 Jan. 1999; YCM–P 34221, 2 specimens,
78.7–94.0 mm SL, Hamazaki, Kakeroma Island,
Amami-oshima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan,
28°09′31″N, 129°11′00″E, 6–15 m, Sagami Bay
Marine Biological Research Club, 29 Aug. 1994;
YCM–P 36425, 87.0 mm SL, Saneku, Kakeroma
Island, Amami-oshima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, 28°11′01″N, 129°15′32″E, 10–23 m, Sagami
Bay Marine Biological Research Club, 24 Aug.
1995.
Acknowledgments
The first author is especially grateful to W. Eschmeyer, T. Iwamoto, D. Catania and M. Hoang(CAS), M. A. Rogers and K. Swagel (FMNH), H.
Senou (KPM), O. Gon, W. Holleman, P. Heemstra, and E. Heemstra (SAIAB), J. Williams, L.
Palmer, S. Raredon and K. Murphy (USNM), S.
Morrison (WAM) for their kind hospitality during his stay at their institutions. The first author’s
visits to CAS, SAIAB, and USNM were supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports
and Culture, Tokyo (MEXT; 19770067); to KPM
was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific
Research (A) from the Japan Society for the Pro-

motion of Science, Tokyo (JSPS; 19208019); to
FMNH was supported by Dispatch Grant to Overseas for Curators from MEXT; and to WAM was
supported by Travel Grant for Academic Meetingsfrom JSPS (211026). We thank Y. Haraguchi andstudents (KAUM) for their curatorial assistance,
T. Hashimoto (KAUM) for taking X-rays, and M.
McGrouther (Australian Museum, Sydney) for
reviewing the manuscript.
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H. Motomura and K. Matsuura (eds) Fishes of Yaku-shima Island
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 10 March 2010

Apogonid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes)of Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture,southern Japan
Tomohiro Yoshida1*, Shigeru Harazaki2 and Hiroyuki Motomura1
1

Kagoshima University Museum, 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
Diving Service Mori to Umi, 1559-1 Miyanoura, Yakushima, Kumage, Kagoshima 891-4205, Japan*
Corresponding author: e-mail: k5299534@kadai.jp
2

Abstract Forty five species of apogonid fishes were confirmed to occur at Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu, southern Japan. Of these, 27 species represent the first records from theisland, including the first Japanese record of Apogon chrysotaenia. A new Japanese name, Akafujitenjikudai, is proposed for Apogon crassiceps. Each species account provides a synonym list, material examined, descriptions based on collected specimens, distribution in Japanese waters, taxonomic
and nomenclatural remarks, and ecological notes from Yaku-shima Island.
Key words: Apogonidae, cardinalfishes, distribution, Yaku-shima Island, Japan.

Introduction
The family Apogonidae, characterized by having two separated dorsal fins, the first with 6–8
spines and the second with 1 spine and 8–14 softrays, anal fin with 2 spines and 8–18 soft rays, andusually 24 vertebrae, consists of about 23 genera and roughly 273 species (Nelson, 2006). Of
these, about 15 genera and 94 species have beenrecorded from Japanese waters (Matsuura and Tachikawa, 1994; Hayashi, 2002, 2004; Mabuchi etal., 2003, 2004; Yoshigou and Yoshino, 2004; Miyahara et al., 2005; Shibukawa et al., 2007; Fraserand Allen, 2010).
The first apogonid fish reported from Yakushima Island was Apogon notatus in 1906. Jordan
and Starks (1906) gave an illustration of this species (as Amia notata) by Mr. W. S. Atkinson on
the basis of a single specimen from the island. The
specimen is now missing from collections of the
California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco,or the Museum Support Center of the Smithsonian
Institution National Museum of Natural History,
Suitland. Subsequently, Arai and Ida (1975) reported two genera with four species of the family

from Kusugawa on the northeast coast of Yakushima Island on the basis of collected specimens,
which are deposited at the National Museum of
Nature and Science, Tokyo. Ichikawa et al. (1992)
listed three genera with 10 species from the island,
and Kuniyasu (1999) listed two genera with 12
species from Kurio on the southwest coast, bothbeing based only on underwater observations.
In addition to the previous records, our Yakushima Island ichthyofaunal surveys in 2008–2009(see Motomura et al., 2010) and the second author’s underwater observations over the last six
years resulted in 11 genera with 45 species of
apogonid fishes occurring off Yaku-shima Island.
This paper provides an annotated checklist ofthese species, along with color photographs if
available.
Materials and methods
Counts and measurements generally follow
Fraser (2005). Counts of longitudinal stripes on
the lateral surface of the body begin with the uppermost stripe, including a stripe running along
the dorsal-fin bases. Measurements were made to27

T. Yoshida et al.

the nearest 0.1 mm. Unless specified otherwise,
the length of specimens listed throughout thispaper is the standard length (abbreviated as SL).
Identifications are generally based on Allen et al.
(2005), Greenfield, (2001, 2007a, b), Gon (1993),
Gon and Randall (2003), Fraser (2005, 2008),
Fraser and Allen (2010), Hayashi (2000, 2002),
Mabuchi et al. (2003, 2004), Randall (2005),
and Randall et al. (1997a). Randall (2005) reclassified the genus Apogon and divided it into
four genera, Apogon, Ostorhinchus, Pristiapogon,
and Zoramia, but we use Apogon rather than thesegeneric names. Scientific names are arrangedalphabetically for each genus. The synonym lists
contain only the original description citation andpapers related to Yaku-shima Island, viz., Jordan
and Starks (1906), Arai and Ida (1975), Ichikawa
et al. (1992), Kuniyasu (1999), and Yoshida andMotomura (2009). Descriptions are based on
specimens collected from Yaku-shima Island during ichthyofaunal surveys of the island (Motomura
et al., 2010) and four specimens of A. taeniophorus reported by Arai and Ida (1975).
A photograph of A. indicus is based on a preserved specimen; other specimen photographs
were taken when fresh. Underwater photographs
were taken by the second author (SH) and I.
Takaku (Yakushima-Diving-Life) around the island. Underwater observations have been made by
SH for more than six years, and ecological noteson each species at Yaku-shima Island are given on
the basis of his observations.
Acronyms of the following institutions areused in the text: Australian Museum, Sydney(AMS); Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu (BPBM); Laboratory of Marine Biology, Kochi
University, Kochi (BSKU); Fisheries ResearchLaboratory, Mie University, Shima (FRLM);
Institute of Oceanic Research and Development,
Tokai University, Shimizu (IORD); Kagoshima
University Museum, Kagoshima (KAUM); Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History,
Odawara (KPM); Department of Plant and Animal
Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University ofMiyazaki, Miyazaki (MUFS); and National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo (NSMT). Colorphotographs of fresh specimens are deposited at
BSKU, KAUM, and KPM.
28

List of species of Apogonidae
Apogon amboinensis Bleeker, 1853
[Japanese name: Amami-ishimochi](Figs. 1A, B)
Apogon amboinensis Bleeker, 1853: 329 (type locality: Ambon, Moluccas, Indonesia); Yoshida
and Motomura, 2009: 96, fig. 1 (mouth ofAmbo River, Yaku-shima Island).
Material examined. KAUM–I. 21588, 53.5mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 21589,
49.0 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; analfin rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin raysI, 5; pored lateral-line scales 24; predorsal scales
7; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
21–22, developed gill rakers 19–20; body lightbrown, with two black stripes, one from snout to
opercular margin through eye, and the other onanterior portion of lateral line; anterior part of firstdorsal fin blackish; and a distinct black spot on
caudal-fin base.
Remarks. Yoshida and Motomura (2009) reported two specimens (KAUM–I. 21588, 21589)
of A. amboinensis as the first records from Yakushima Island and the northernmost records of thespecies. They considered A. amboinensis to reproduce in the mouth of the Ambo River on Yakushima Island because one of the two specimens(KAUM–I. 21588) had about 3,000 eggs in his
mouth. Subsequently, this species was also confirmed by the second author to occur in the mouthof the Isso River on the northern coast of the island on 24 Oct. 2009 and the mouth of the Ambo
River on 8 Jan. 2010 (Fig. 1B).
Apogon amboinensis is distributed in thewestern Pacific, from Papua New Guinea to Japan(Allen et al., 2005). In Japanese waters, this species has been reported from Yaku-shima Island(Yoshida and Motomura, 2009; this study) and the
Ryukyu Islands [Amami-oshima Island (Schmidt,
1930; Okada, 1938; Matsubara, 1963; Yoshigou
et al., 2001), Okinawa Island (Yoshigou et al.,2005), Kume-jima Island (Yoshigou and Nakamura, 2003; Yoshigou, 2007), Miyako-jima Island(Yoshigou et al., 2005), Ishigaki-jima Island (Sakai

Apogonid fishes in Yaku-shima Island

et al., 2001), Iriomote-jima Island (Hayashi andKishimoto, 1983; Yoshigou et al., 2001), and Yonaguni-jima Island (Sakai et al., 2001)]. At Yakushima Island, the species inhabits river mouths on
substrates mixed with mud and deciduous leaves
in depths of 1–2 m.

AB

stripe) reaching a black spot on caudal-fin base;and caudal-fin base spot subequal in size to pupil.
Remarks. Apogon angustatus is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges
from the Red Sea to Australia and Japan (Allenet al., 2005; Randall, 2005). In Japanese waters,
this species has been reported from Hachijojima Island (Senou et al., 2002) and the Ryukyu
Islands [Amami-oshima Island (Hayashi, 2002),
Okinoerabu-jima Island (Yoshigou et al., 2005),
Ie-jima Island (Senou et al., 2006a), Okinawajima Island (Yoshigou et al., 2005), Sesoko-jimaIsland (Hayashi, 2002), Tokashiki-jima Island(Watai et al., 2009), Miyako Group (Senou et al.,2007), and Iriomote-jima Island (Yoshigou et al.,
2001; Yoshigou and Nakamura, 2002)].
At Yaku-shima Island, specimens of A. angustatus were collected only from Kurio, representing the first reliable records of A. angustatusfrom the island. This solitary species (not forming
schools) lives in the shade of rocky reefs at depthsof less than 15 m at Yaku-shima Island; it can beobserved in coastal areas of the island throughout
the year.

Fig. 1. Apogon amboinensis. A, KAUM–I. 21589, 49.0 mm
SL, mouth of Ambo River; B, mouth of Ambo River, 1
m, 8 Jan. 2010, S. Harazaki.

Apogon angustatus (Smith and Radcliffe, 1911)[Japanese name: Usujima-ishimochi](Fig. 2)
Amia angustata Smith and Radcliffe in Radcliffe,
1911: 253, fig.1 (type locality: Malanipa Island, east of Zamboanga in Mindanao, Philippines).
Material examined. KAUM–I. 20268, 17.8mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21721, 14.3 mm SL,
Kurio.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; analfin rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin raysI, 5; pored lateral-line scales 24; predorsal scales
4; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
19, developed gill rakers 14; white body, with fivepoorly defined dark brown stripes on lateral surface of body, posterior end of third stripe (middle

Fig. 2. Apogon angustatus. Off Isso, 15 m, 16 Oct. 2009, S.
Harazaki.

Apogon apogonides (Bleeker, 1856)[Japanese name: Aohana-tenjikudai](Fig. 3)Cheilodipterus apogonides Bleeker, 1856a: 37[type locality: Manado, Sulawesi (Celebes),
Indonesia].
29

T. Yoshida et al.

Remarks. The photographed individual (Fig.
3) is herein identified as Apogon apogonides on
the basis of the following combination of characters: pinkish orange body, with brassy yellow
abdomen; two blue lines from front of snout to
opercular margin; bluish spots in three rows on
mid-lateral surface of body; and no black markings on caudal peduncle. Specimens have notbeen collected from Yaku-shima Island.
Apogon apogonides is widely distributed in
the Indo–Pacific where it ranges from the Red
Sea east to the Society Islands, and north to Japan(Allen et al., 2005; Randall, 2005). In Japanesewaters, this species has been reported from the
Izu Islands [Miyake-jima Island (Hayashi, 2002)
and Hachijo-jima Island (Senou et al., 2002) ],the Sagami Sea (Senou et al., 2006b), Shikoku[Oshima Island (Aizawa and Senou, 1991) andKashiwa-jima Island (Hirata et al., 1996)], andthe Ryukyu Islands [Ie-jima Island (Senou et al.,2006a), Okinawa-jima Island (Hayashi, 2002),
and Miyako Group (Senou et al., 2007)].
Figure 3 represents the first confirmed recordof A. apogonides from Yaku-shima Island. This
species is always observed in aggregations with
Apogon notatus throughout the year around a
wreck at a depth of 15 m off Isso, Yaku-shimaIsland; it was not observed elsewhere around theisland. Off Isso, the spawning period of the species is from July to August.

Fig. 3. Apogon apogonides. Off Isso, 18 m, 15 Sept. 2009,
S. Harazaki.

Apogon aureus (Lacepède, 1802)[Japanese name: Aosuji-tenjikudai](Figs. 4A, B)
30

Centropomus aureus Lacepède, 1802: 253, 273(type locality: Mauritius).
Apogon aureus; Ichikawa et al., 1992: 9 (Yakushima Island, Japan).
Material examined. BSKU 96634, 63.3 mm
SL, Isso.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; analfin rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin raysI, 5; pored lateral-line scales 25; predorsal scales
5; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
24, developed gill rakers 21; no oblique dark bars
on cheek; yellowish orange body, with two blue
stripes from snout to opercle through eye; and abroad, black band, its width subequal to pupil diameter, on caudal-fin base.
Remarks. Apogon aureus is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges fromthe east coast of Africa east to Tonga, and northto Japan (Allen et al., 2005; Randall, 2005). In
Japanese waters, this species has been reported
from the Izu Islands [Miyake-jima Island (Ida andMoyer, 1974; Hayashi, 2002) and Hachijo-jima Island (Senou et al., 2002)], the Sagami Sea (Senou
et al., 2006b), Shikoku [Oshima Island (Aizawa
and Senou, 1991) and Kashiwa-jima Island (Hirata
et al., 1996)], Yaku-shima Island (Ichikawa et al.,1992), and the Ryukyu Islands [Ie-jima Island(Senou et al., 2006a), Miyako Group (Senou etal., 2007), and Iriomote-jima Island (Hayashi andKishimoto, 1983)].
At Yaku-shima Island, only a single specimenof A. aureus was collected off Isso, but it has also
been observed at depths of 6–30 m off the island
throughout the year, sheltering among rocky reefs.
At Yaku-shima Island, spawning of A. aureus begins in early June and ends in July. Although juveniles aggregate, adults usually behave as a pairat the island.
Apogon caudicinctus Randall and Smith, 1988
[Japanese name: Koyari-ishimochi](Fig. 5)
Apogon caudicinctus Randall and Smith, 1988: 2,
fig.1 (type locality: south side of Mei Point,Rapa).

Apogonid fishes in Yaku-shima IslandA

information on A. caudicinctus at Yaku-shima Island is unknown since it is difficult to distinguishthe species from other small reddish species of
Apogon during underwater observation.

B
Fig. 5. Apogon caudicinctus. KAUM–I. 21765, 33.8 mm
SL, Kurio.

Fig. 4. Apogon aureus. A, BSKU 96634, 63.3 mm SL,
Isso; B, off Isso, 18 m, 22 Apr. 2005, S. Harazaki.

Material examined. KAUM–I. 21765, 33.8mm SL, Kurio.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; anal-fin
rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 12; pelvic-fin rays I,
5; pored lateral-line scales 24; predorsal scales 7;
circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers 16,
developed gill rakers 10; second spine length offirst dorsal fin 1.8 in head length; reddish body,with a broad, black circumpeduncular bar, its
width greater than orbit diameter; and edges ofscales on dorsal body dark.
Remarks. Apogon caudicinctus has been
known from Réunion, the Marquesas Islands,
the Pitcairn Islands, Rapa, Fiji, and the Ryukyu
Islands (Randall, 2005). In Japanese waters, thisspecies has been reported from the Ogasawara
Islands (Randall et al., 1997b; Hayashi, 2002)
and the Ryukyu Islands [Amami-oshima Island(Hayashi, 2002), Ie-jima Island (Senou et al.,2006a), Kume-jima Island (Yoshigou and Nakamura, 2003), and Ishigaki-jima Island (Hayashi,
2002)].
At Yaku-shima Island, a single specimen of
A. caudicinctus was collected at a depth of lessthan 3 m in Kurio, representing the first reliable
records of A. caudicinctus from the island and thenorthernmost record for the species. Ecological

Apogon chrysotaenia Bleeker, 1851
[Japanese name: None](Fig. 6)
Apogon chrysotaenia Bleeker 1851: 168 [type locality: Jakarta (Batavia), Java, Indonesia].
Remarks. The photographed individual (taken
off Isso) is identified as Apogon chrysotaenia on
the basis of the following characters reported for
adults of the species: a yellowish orange body,with several faint brownish stripes dorsally; 6 fluorescent blue stripes radiating from front of head;
and tip of second dorsal fin elongated.
Apogon chrysotaenia has been reported only
from the South China Sea, Indonesia, Papua New
Guinea, and Australia (Allen, 2000; Allen et al.,2005), and no records of the species have been
published from Japanese waters. Thus, the photographed individual represents the first record of
the species from Japan. Specimens of the species
from Yaku-shima Island are required to confirm
this new record.
The second author (SH) first observed a single
individual of the species at a depth of 20 m off
Isso, Yaku-shima Island, on 5 July 2004, and hephotographed that individual on 11 July 2004 (Fig.
6). Subsequently, SH found a pair of adult andsubadult individuals at a depth of 30 m off Isso
on 21 November 2009. These individuals usually
shelter under or behind large rocks but are often
forced into open water by strong unidirectional
currents around the rocks.
31

T. Yoshida et al.

Fig. 6. Apogon chrysotaenia. Off Isso, 20 m, 11 July 2004,
S. Harazaki.

Apogon cookii Macleay, 1881
[Japanese name: Suji-ishimochi](Figs. 7A–C)
Apogon cookii Macleay, 1881: 344 (type locality:
Endeavour River and Darnley Island, Australia).
Material examined. KAUM–I. 11207, 27.3mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21714, 31.0 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 21715, 28.0 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21716, 22.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21717, 18.0 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91664, 76.0mm SL, Kurio.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; anal-fin
rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin rays I, 5;
pored lateral-line scales 24; predorsal scales 3–4;
circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers 18–
20, developed gill rakers 12–13; body white, with
six dark brown stripes on lateral surface of body;third stripe beginning from upper eye, ending at
middle of body (below second dorsal-fin origin);
fourth stripe (middle stripe) posteriorly reaching
to a black spot on caudal-fin base; and caudal-finbase spot subequal in size to pupil diameter.
Remarks. Apogon cookii is similar to A.
nigrofasciatus, but the former differs in having
12–13 (vs. 15–19 in the latter) developed gill rakers, 15 (vs. usually 14) pectoral-fin rays, and a
postocular stripe (vs. no stripe) (Gon and Randall,2003).
Apogon cookii is widely distributed in the
Indo-West Pacific where it ranges from the Red
Sea and east coast of Africa east to New Caledonia and Japan (Allen et al., 2005; Randall, 2005).
32

In Japanese waters, this species has been reported
from the Sagami Sea (Senou et al., 2006b) and the
Ryukyu Islands [Amami-oshima Island (Yoshigou
et al., 2001), Ie-jima Island (Senou et al., 2006a),
Okinawa-jima Island (Yoshigou and Nakamura,
2002, 2003; Yoshigou et al., 2005), Sesoko-jimaIsland (Yoshigou and Nakamura, 2003), Ou-jimaIsland (Yoshigou et al., 2005), Kume-jima Island(Yoshigou and Nakamura, 2003), Tokashiki-jimaIsland (Watai et al., 2009), Minamidaitou-jimaIsland (Yoshigou et al., 2005), Shimoji-shimaIsland (Yoshigou et al., 2005), Miyako Group(Senou et al., 2007), Iriomote-jima Island (Hayashi
and Kishimoto, 1983), and Yonaguni-jima Island(Yoshigou et al., 2001)].
At Yaku-shima Island, specimens of A. cookii
were collected only from Kurio and these specimens represent the first reliable records of A.
cookii from the island. This solitary species (notforming schools) lives in the shade of rocky reefs
at depths of less than 5 m at Yaku-shima Island;
it can be observed in coastal areas of the island
throughout the year.

A

B

C

Fig. 7. Apogon cookii. A, KAUM–I. 11207, 27.3 mm SL,
Kurio; B, off Isso, 5 m, 22 May 2007, S. Harazaki; C,
off Isso, 3 m, 14 Apr. 2005, S. Harazaki.

Apogonid fishes in Yaku-shima Island

Apogon crassiceps Garman, 1903
[New Japanese name: Akafuji-tenjikudai](Figs. 8A, B)
Apogon crassiceps Garman, 1903: 230 (type locality: Suva Reef, Viti Levu, Fiji).
Material examined. BSKU 96552, 27.2mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11445, 37.4mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 20159, 20.3 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20196, 42.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20205, 22.8 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20206, 17.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20249, 24.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
20331, 34.3 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21767, 29.2mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21768, 27.2 mm SL,
Kurio; KPM–NI 22513, 24.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
KPM–NI 22546, 28.4 mm SL, Kurio.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; anal-fin
rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin rays I,
5; pored lateral-line scales 24 ; predorsal scales
5–6; large scale between first dorsal fin and lateralline 1 (often with a smaller second scale at base of
dorsal fin); circumpeduncular scales 12; total gillrakers 15–16, developed gill rakers 8–9; full scale
between the first dorsal fin and the lateral line 1,
often with a smaller second scale; a free edge ofskin near the anterior nasal opening; and body
semitransparent red, with a thin, dark red stripe on
mid-lateral surface of body when alive.
Remarks. The Apogon coccineus complex,
comprising A. campbelli Smith 1949, A. coccineus Rüppell 1838, A. crassiceps Garman 1903,
A. kautamea Greenfield and Randall 2004, andA. kominatoensis Ebina, 1935 (see Greenfield,
2001; Greenfield and Randall, 2004), was definedby Greenfield (2001) as having a free edge ofskin near the anterior nasal opening, and a single,
large, full scale (often a smaller second scale) between the lateral line and the dorsal fin. Our specimens from Yaku-shima Island is herein identified
as A. crassiceps of the A. coccineus complex anddiffer from A. campbelli and A. kautamea in having 13 pectoral-fin rays (vs. 14 rays in the lattertwo species; Greenfield and Randall, 2004) andfrom A. kominatoensis in lacking numerous small
brownish spots scattered on the body (vs. having the spots in A. kominatoensis; Ebina, 1935).

Apogon coccineus is an Indian Ocean species(Randall, 2005).
All previous records of A. crassiceps “Akanetenjikudai” in Japanese waters (e.g., Masuda et al.,
1984; Hayashi, 2000, 2002) were based on misidentifications of a species of the A. talboti group(sensu Greenfield, 2007b). Comparisons of A.
crassiceps from Yaku-shima Island with “Akanetenjikudai” (= A. crassiceps in Japanese literature)from Ie-jima and Iriomote-jima Islands revealed
that the former differs from the latter in having asemitransparent red body (vs. opaque dark red),a thin, dark red stripe on the mid-lateral surfaceof the body (vs. stripe absent), 15 or 16 total gillrakers (vs. 18 or 19), and a single full scale (oftenwith a smaller second scale) between the first dorsal fin and lateral line (vs. 2 large full scales, with
1 smaller third scale) (this study; Hayashi, 2000,
2002). In addition, A. crassiceps attains 5 cm SL(Randall, 2005), whereas “Akane-tenjikudai”
reaches 12 cm SL (Hayashi, 2000, 2002).
“Akane-tenjikudai” is most similar to A.
talboti Smith, 1961 in overall body appearance
and sharing the following characters (“Akanetenjikudai” vs. A. talboti): dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9(vs. VI-I, 9); anal-fin rays II, 8 (II, 8); pectoral-fin
rays 13 or 14 (13); pored lateral-line scales 24 (24);total gill rakers 19 (20 or 21), developed rakers
18 (16–19); and supraneural bones 3 (3) [data for“Akane-tenjikudai” were based on KPM–NI 2524
(79.9 mm SL, Ie-jima Island, Japan, 16 m depth,
coll. by H. Senou et al., 17 Jan. 1996), Masuda
et al. (1984), and/or Hayashi (2000, 2002), anddata for A. talboti were based on Gon and Randall (2003), Greenfield and Randall (2004), andGreenfield (2007b)]. Accordingly, we tentatively
identify “Akane-tenjikudai” as A. talboti, andpropose a new standard Japanese name, Akafujitenjikudai, for A. crassiceps.
Apogon crassiceps is widely distributed in
the western Pacific where it ranges from the Line
Islands and Tauamotu east to Australia, and northto Japan (Allen et al., 2005; Randall, 2005; thisstudy). At Yaku-shima Island, specimens of A.
crassiceps were collected from Isso, Kurio, andYudomari in depths of less than 5 m, representing the first reliable records of A. crassiceps fromthe island. The photographed individual (Fig. 8B)
33

T. Yoshida et al.

is herein identified as A. crassiceps by having abody semitransparent red, with a thin, dark red
stripe on the mid-lateral surface of the body.

A

B

Fig. 8. Apogon crassiceps. A, KAUM–I. 20331, 34.3 mm
SL, Isso; B, off Isso, 8 m, 22 Oct. 2009, S. Harazaki.

Apogon doederleini Jordan and Snyder, 1901
[Japanese name: Osuji-ishimochi](Figs. 9A, B)
Apogon doederleini Jordan and Snyder, 1901:
901, fig. 6 (type locality: Nagasaki, Japan);Ichikawa et al., 1992: 9 (Yaku-shima Island,
Japan); Kuniyasu, 1999: 12 (Kurio, Yakushima Island, Japan).
Material examined. FRLM 34706, 103.7mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11124, 99.2 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11440, 46.5 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 11441, 47.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–
I. 11442, 46.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11443,
52.7 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11444, 44.5 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11446, 48.7 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 11447, 43.9 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–
I. 11448, 41.2 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11449,
41.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11450, 51.6 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11451, 52.1 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 11452, 51.9 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
20071, 85.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20072,
62 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20343, 56 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21751, 91.9 mm SL, Ambo;
34

KAUM–I. 25234, 78.1 mm SL, Ambo; MUFS
25446, 92.7 mm SL, Ambo; MUFS 25447, 85.4mm SL, Ambo; MUFS 25448, 70.9 mm SL,
Ambo; MUFS 25449, 69.2 mm SL, Ambo; MUFS
25450, 69.4 mm SL, Ambo.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; analfin rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 15; pelvic-fin raysI, 5; pored lateral-line scales 24 ; predorsal scales
3; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
18, developed gill rakers 12; body pinkish brown,with four dark brown stripes on lateral surface ofbody; third stripe (middle stripe) posteriorly notreaching to a black spot on caudal-fin base; andcaudal-fin base spot subequal in size to pupil diameter.
Remarks. Apogon doederleini is distributedin the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges from
Western Australia east to the Kermadec Islands,
and north to Japan, but no records from Indonesia
or New Guinea (Randall et al., 1997a; Randall,2005). In Japanese waters, this species has beenreported from the Izu Islands [Hachijo-jima Island(Senou et al., 2002)], the Ogasawara Islands (Kuwamura et al., 1983; Sato, 1991; Randall et al.,1997b), Tateyama Bay (Hagiwara and Kimura,2005), the Sagami Sea (Senou et al., 2006b),
Shikoku [Oshima Island (Aizawa and Senou,
1991), Kochi (Kamohara, 1964), and Kashiwajima Island (Hirata et al., 1996)], Nagasaki (Jordan
and Snyder, 1901), Yaku-shima Island (Ichikawa
et al., 1992; Kuniyasu, 1999), and the Ryukyu Islands [Amami-oshima Island (Yamakawa, 1969),
Yagaji-shima Island (Yoshigou and Nakamura,
2002; Yoshigou et al., 2005), Ie-jima Island (Senou
et al., 2006a), Okinawa-jima Island (Yoshigou etal., 2001; Yoshigou et al., 2005), and Iriomotejima Island (Hayashi and Kishimoto, 1983)].
At Yaku-shima Island, specimens of A. doederleini were collected from Ambo, Isso, Kurio
and Yudomari. The species has been observed
at depths of less than 10 m in coastal areas of
the island throughout the year, usually sheltering among rocky reefs in the daytime. Althoughjuveniles form small aggregations, the adults areusually solitary.

Apogonid fishes in Yaku-shima Island

A

B

Fig. 9. Apogon doederleini. A, KAUM–I. 11124, 99.2 mm
SL, Ambo; B, off Isso, 5 m, 26 Jan. 2005, S. Harazaki.

species has been reported from the Ogasawara
Islands (Randall et al., 1997b), Tateyama Bay(Hagiwara and Kimura, 2005), Sagami Bay (Senou, 1999), the Sagami Sea (Senou et al., 2006b),
Shikoku [Kochi (Kamohara, 1964) and Kashiwajima Island (Hirata et al., 1996)], Yaku-shimaIsland (Arai and Ida, 1975; Ichikawa et al., 1992;
Kuniyasu, 1999), and the Ryukyu Islands [Amami-oshima Island (Kamohara and Yamakawa,1965) and the Kerama Islands (Hayashi, 2002)].
At Yaku-shima Island, specimens of A.
endekataenia were collected only from Isso. This
species is always observed in aggregations ofabout 10 individuals in depths of 25–30 m off
Isso throughout the year; not observed elsewherearound the island.

A

Apogon endekataenia Bleeker, 1852
[Japanese name: Kosuji-ishimochi](Figs. 10A, B)
Apogon endekataenia Bleeker, 1852: 449 [typelocality: Bangka (Banka) or Lepar Island, Indonesia]; Arai and Ida, 1975: 192 (Kusugawa,Yaku-shima Island, Japan); Ichikawa et al.,
1992: 9 (Yaku-shima Island, Japan); Kuniyasu, 1999: 12 (Kurio, Yaku-shima Island,
Japan).
Material examined. KAUM–I. 21786, 26.8mm SL, Isso.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; anal-fin
rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin rays I,
5; pored lateral-line scales 24 ; predorsal scales 3;
circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers 17,
developed gill rakers 12; body white, with about
seven yellowish brown stripes on lateral surface ofbody; fifth stripe (middle stripe) posteriorly reaching to a black spot on caudal-fin base; caudal-finbase spot subequal in size to pupil diameter.
Remarks. Apogon endekataenia is widelydistributed in the western Pacific (Randall et al.,1997a; Hayashi, 2002). In Japanese waters, thisB

Fig. 10. Apogon endekataenia. A, KAUM–I. 21786, 26.8mm SL, Isso; B, off Isso, 30 m, 16 Sept. 2009, S.
Harazaki.

Apogon exostigma (Jordan and Starks, 1906)[Japanese name: Yukata-ishimochi](Figs. 11A, B)
Amia exostigma Jordan and Starks, 1906: 238, fig.
31 (type locality: Apia, Upolu Island, Western
Samoa).
Material examined. BSKU 96553, 45.8 mm
SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22551, 28.1 mm SL, Kurio.
35

T. Yoshida et al.

Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; analfin rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin raysI, 5; pored lateral-line scales 23; predorsal scales
4; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
16–17, developed gill rakers 10–12; no dark saddle on body below second dorsal-fin base; body
depth 3.0–3.4 in SL; body whitish silver, with a
middle stripe extending from front of snout to a
black spot, smaller than pupil diameter, at caudalfin base; and lower margin of caudal-fin base spot
on lateral line.
Remarks. Apogon exostigma is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges
from the Red Sea east to the Line and Pitcairn
Islands, and north to Japan (Allen et al., 2005;
Randall, 2005). In Japanese waters, this species
has been reported only from the Ryukyu Islands[Amami-oshima Island (Kamohara and Yamakawa, 1968), Ie-jima Island (Senou et al., 2006a),
Okinawa-jima Island (Yoshigou and Nakamura,2002), Tokashiki-jima Island (Watai et al., 2009),
Miyako Group (Senou et al., 2007), Ishigaki-jimaIsland (Yoshigou et al., 2001), and Iriomote-jimaIsland (Hayashi and Kishimoto, 1983)].
Two specimens of A. exostigma, collectedfrom Kurio and Yudomari, represent the first reliable records of the species from Yaku-shima Island and the northernmost records for the species.
This solitary species lives in the shade of rocky
reefs in depths of less than 10 m at Yaku-shimaIsland; it can be observed in coastal areas of theisland throughout the year (relatively common).

A

B

Fig. 11. Apogon exostigma. A, KPM–NI 22551, 28.1 mm
SL, Kurio; B, off Isso, 12 m, 21 Sept. 2009, S. Harazaki.

36

Apogon fasciatus (White, 1790)[Japanese name: Furai-ishimochi](Fig. 12)
Mullus fasciatus White, 1790: 268, pl. 53, fig.
1 (type locality: Port Jackson, New South
Wales, Australia).
Remarks. Many Japanese authors (e.g.,
Hayashi, 2000, 2002; Senou et al., 2006b) haveused a name, Apogon quadrifasciatus Cuvier,
1828, for this species. However, Randall andLachner (1986) and Fraser (2005) regarded A.
quadrifasciatus as a junior synonym of A. fasciatus.
The photographed individual (Fig. 12) is
identified as Apogon fasciatus on the basis of thefollowing combination of characters: a semitransparent body, with two black stripes on the lateralsurface of the body, the upper stripe extending
from the snout to the dorsal portion of the caudalfin base via above the eye, the lower stripe fromthe snout to the caudal-fin margin via the middleof the eye; and two whitish stripes (or dotted
stripes) running above and below each black
stripe.
Apogon fasciatus is widely distributed in the
Indo-West Pacific where it ranges from the Red
Sea east to Australia, and north to Japan (Allenet al., 2005; Fraser, 2005). In Japanese waters,
this species has been reported as A. quadrifasciatus from the Sagami Sea (Senou et al., 2006b),
Nagasaki Prefecture and southward (Hayashi,
2002), including the Ryukyu Islands [Okinawajima Island (Yoshigou and Nakamura, 2003) and
Iriomote-jima Island (Hayashi and Kishimoto,1983)].
Figure 12 represents the first confirmed record of A. fasciatus from Yaku-shima Island. The
second author observed this species forming aschool with five or six individuals behind a big
piece of driftwood over a sandy bottom at a depthof 20–25 m off Isso, Yaku-shima Island. No otherindividuals have recently been confirmed aroundYaku-shima Island; it seems to be very rare in theisland. Specimens have not been collected from
Yaku-shima Island.

Apogonid fishes in Yaku-shima Island

Although juveniles ca. 3–4 cm SL are common in
the island, adults over ca. 10 cm SL are relatively
rare.

AFig. 12. Apogon fasciatus. Off Isso, 20 m, 10 Sept. 2005, S.
Harazaki.

Apogon fraenatus Valenciennes, 1832
[Japanese name: Hitosuji-ishimochi](Figs. 13A, B)

B

Apogon fraenatus Valenciennes, 1832: 57, pl. 4,
fig. 4 (type locality: New Guinea).
Remarks. Photographed individuals (Figs.
13A, B) are identified as A. fraenatus on the basis of the following combination of characters:a pinkish silver body with a dark black stripe on
lateral surface of body, middle stripe posteriorly
reaching to a black spot on caudal-fin base; andcaudal-fin base spot subequal in size to pupil diameter. Specimens have not been collected from
Yaku-shima Island.
Apogon fraenatus is widely distributed in the
Indo-West Pacific where it ranges from the Red
Sea and Gulf of Oman east to the Line Islands
and Tuamotu Archipelago, and north to Japan(Allen et al., 2005; Randall, 2005). In Japanesewaters, this species has been reported from the
Izu Islands [Miyake-jima Island (Hayashi, 2002)
and Hachijo-jima Island (Senou et al., 2002)],
Wakayama Prefecture (Hayashi, 2002), Kashiwajima Island (Hirata et al., 1996), and the Ryukyu
Islands [Amami-oshima Island (Kamohara andYamakawa, 1965), Ie-jima Island (Senou et al.,2006a), Okinawa-jima Island (Yoshigou et al.,2005), Miyako Group (Senou et al., 2007), andIriomote-jima Island (Hayashi and Kishimoto,
1983; Yoshigou et al., 2001; Yoshigou and Nakamura, 2002)].
Figure 13 represents the first confirmed recordof A. fraenatus from Yaku-shima Island. This species is always observed in aggregations, sheltering
among rocky reefs, throughout the year aroundYaku-shima Island at depths of less than 20 m.

Fig. 13. Apogon fraenatus. A, off Isso, 25 m, 15 Sept.
2009, S. Harazaki; B, off Isso, 10 m, 14 Jan. 2010, S.
Harazaki.

Apogon indicus Greenfield, 2001
[Japanese name: Ryukyu-ishimochi](Fig. 14)
Apogon indicus Greenfield, 2001: 465, figs.
2B, C (type locality: off le Morne, passe del’Ambulante, southwestern coast of Mauritius).
Material examined. NSMT–P 95448, 32.9mm SL, Haruo.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; anal-fin
rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin rays I,
5; pored lateral-line scales 23; predorsal scales 6;
large scales between first dorsal fin and lateral line
2, with a smaller third scale at base of dorsal fin;circumpeduncular scales 14; total gill rakers 15,
developed gill rakers 7; no free edge of skin nearanterior nasal opening; and body whitish, withblack pigments scattered on anterodorsal portionof body and caudal-fin base when preserved.
Remarks. Many Japanese authors (e.g.,
Hayashi, 2000, 2002) have used a name, Apogon
erythrinus Snyder, 1904, for this species. However, Greenfield (2001) reviewed the Apogon
37

T. Yoshida et al.

erythrinus complex and reclassified “A. erythrinus” into four species: A. erythrinus, endemic
to the Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Atoll; A.
marquesensis Greenfield, 2001, endemic to theMarquesas Islands; A. indicus, widespread in the
Indo–Pacific; and A. susanae Greenfield, 2001,
restricted to the Pacific Ocean. The A. erythrinus
complex is characterized by the following two
characters: skin at the end of the snout covering
the nasal bones and over the ascending processesof the premaxilla smooth with no free edge near
the anterior nasal opening, and two large fullscales (often a smaller third scales at base of firstdorsal fin) between the lateral line and the third
spine of the first dorsal fin (Greenfield, 2001).
Apogon indicus is distinguished from othermembers of the complex by having 12 or 13
pectoral-fin rays (vs. usually 14 rays in the latter;
Greenfield, 2001). Yoshigou et al. (2005) reported
eight specimens of the species (2 specimens from
Okinoerabu-jima Island, 1 specimen from Irabujima Island, and 5 specimens from Okinawa-jimaIsland) from Japan as A. indicus (instead of A.
erythrinus) for the first time.
Apogon indicus has been known from Mauritius, Vietnam, Philippines, Palau, Mariana Islands,
New Caledonia, Tonga, and American Samoa(Randall, 2005). In Japanese waters, this species
has been reported as A. erythrinus [except for
Yoshigou et al. (2005, as A. indicus)] from Hachijo-jima Island (Senou et al., 2002), Kashiwajima Island (Hirata et al., 1996), and the Ryukyu
Islands [Okinoerabu-jima Island (Yoshigou etal., 2005), Ie-jima Island (Senou et al., 2006a),
Okinawa-jima Island (Yoshigou and Nakamura,
2002, 2003; Yoshigou et al., 2005), Tokashikijima Island (Watai et al., 2009), Irabu-jima Island(Yoshigou et al., 2005), Miyako Group (Senou etal., 2007), and Iriomote-jima Island (Hayashi andKishimoto, 1983; Yoshigou et al., 2001)].
At Yaku-shima Island, a single specimen of A.
indicus was collected at a depth of 4 m off Haruo,
representing the first reliable record of A. indicus
from the island. Ecological information on A. indicus at Yaku-shima Island is unknown since it isdifficult for us to distinguish it from other reddish
species of Apogon during underwater observation.

38

Fig. 14. Apogon indicus. NSMT–P 95448, 32.9 mm SL,
Haruo.

Apogon kallopterus Bleeker, 1856
[Japanese name: Kasuri-ishimochi](Fig. 15)
Apogon kallopterus Bleeker, 1856a: 33 [typelocality: Manado, Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia]; Kuniyasu, 1999: 12 (Kurio, Yaku-shimaIsland, Japan).
Remarks. The photographed individual (Fig.
15) is identified as Apogon kallopterus on thebasis of the following combination of characters:a pale pinkish brown body, with an indistinct,
broad, black stripe on lateral surface of body; anterior part of first dorsal fin yellowish; and poorly
defined black spot, its size greater than pupil diameter, above middle of caudal-fin base.
Apogon kallopterus is widely distributed in
the Indo–Pacific where it ranges from the Red
Sea and the east coast of Africa to the Hawaiian and Pitcairn Islands, including Japan (Allenet al., 2005; Randall, 2005). In Japanese waters,
this species has been reported from Hachijo-jimaIsland (Senou et al., 2002), the Ogasawara Islands(Randall et al., 1997b; Hayashi, 2002), Wakayama
Prefecture and southward (Hayashi, 2002), including Yaku-shima Island (Kuniyasu, 1999), andthe Ryukyu Islands [Ie-jima Island (Senou et al.,2006a), Okinawa-jima Island (Yoshigou and Nakamura, 2003; Yoshigou et al., 2005), Tokashikijima Island (Watai et al., 2009), Miyako Group(Senou et al., 2007), and Iriomote-jima Island(Hayashi and Kishimoto, 1983)].
Apogon kallopterus lives solitarily (not forming schools) in the shade of rocky reefs at depthsof less than 10 m at Yaku-shima Island; it can beApogonid fishes in Yaku-shima Island

observed in coastal areas of the island throughout
the year. Although it is common around the island,no specimens were collected during this study.

Fig. 15. Apogon kallopterus. Off Isso, 6 m, 11 Sept. 2009, S.
Harazaki.

Apogon kominatoensis Ebina, 1935
[Japanese name: Kominato-tenjikudai](Fig. 16)

ish spots scattered on head and body when alive,
and without a thin, dark red stripe on mid-lateralsurface of body; and no black mark on caudal peduncle or lower lobe of caudal fin.
Remarks. Many Japanese authors (e.g.,
Hayashi, 2000, 2002) have used a name, Apogoncoccineus Rüppell, 1838, for this species. However, Randall (2005) has recently regarded that A.
coccineus is distributed only in the western Indian
Ocean. Our specimens from Yaku-shima Island
appear to be identical with A. kominatoensis, a
species of the A. coccineus complex (see Remarksof A. crassiceps). Because previous Japanese records of “A. coccineus” may include more than
one species, the reliable distributional range of A.
kominatoensis in Japan is unknown.
At Yaku-shima Island, specimens of A. kominatoensis were collected from Isso, Ambo, Haruo,
Yudomari, and Kurio, at depths of less than 5 m.

Apogon kominatoensis Ebina, 1935: 212, fig.1[type locality: tidepools at Kominato, Chiba,(Toba-ken: probably Chiba-ken), Japan].
Material examined. BSKU 96655, 29.7 mm
SL, Isso; FRLM 34709, 38.3 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11133, 29.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
11290, 37.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11291,
42.3 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11652, 27.9mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20041, 40.2 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20248, 39.3 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 20259, 41.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 20260, 41.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20261,
32.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20332, 35.4 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21766, 27.1 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 91356, 40 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P
91357, 37 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 95461,
36.7 mm SL, Haruo.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; anal-fin
rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin rays I,
5; pored lateral-line scales 22 ; predorsal scales
5–6; large full scale between first dorsal fin andlateral line 1, often with a smaller second scale atbase of dorsal fin; circumpeduncular scales 12;
total gill rakers 15–16, developed gill rakers 8; afree edge of skin near the anterior nasal opening;
body semitransparent red, with numerous brown-

Fig. 16. Apogon kominatoensis. KAUM–I. 20332, 35.4mm SL, Isso.

Apogon moluccensis Valenciennes, 1832
[Japanese name: Sehoshi-tenjikudai](Figs. 17A, B)
Apogon moluccensis Valenciennes, 1832: 54 [typelocality: Ambon, Moluccas, Indonesia].
Material examined. BSKU 96640, 46.8 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 20378, 43.1 mm SL, Isso.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; analfin rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin raysI, 5; pored lateral-line scales 24; predorsal scales
3; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
22–23, developed gill rakers 19–21; body yellowish brown, with 2 reddish stripes, upper narrower
stripe along anterior portion of lateral line, and39

T. Yoshida et al.

lower broader stripe from snout to opercular margin through eye; about 7 vertical, brownish bars
on lateral surface of lower body, a small whitespot at posterior end of second dorsal-fin base;and no black spot on caudal peduncle.
Remarks. Many Japanese authors (e.g.,
Hayashi, 2000, 2002) have used a name, Apogonventrifasciatus Allen, Kuiter and Randall, 1994,
for this species. However, Fraser et al. (2002) regarded A. ventrifasciatus as a junior synonym of A.
moluccensis.
Apogon moluccensis is widely distributedin the western Pacific, from Australia to Japan(Hayashi, 2002; Randall et al., 1997a). In Japanese waters, this species has been reported as A.
ventrifasciatus from the Ryukyu-Islands [Okinawa-jima Island (Hayashi, 2002) and Iriomote-jimaIsland (Hayashi and Yano, 1996; Hayashi, 2002)].
At Yaku-shima Island, two specimens of A.
moluccensis were collected from Isso, representing the first reliable records of A. moluccensis
from the island and the northernmost records forthe species. This species is always observed inaggregations (ca. 20 individuals) throughout theyear around a wreck at a depth of 4 m off Isso,
Yaku-shima Island; no other localities confirmed
from the island.

A

B

Fig. 17. Apogon moluccensis. A, KAUM–I. 20378, 43.1mm SL, Isso; B, off Isso, 20 m, 18 Sept. 2007, S.
Harazaki.

40

Apogon nigrofasciatus Lachner, 1953
[Japanese name: Minami-futosuji-ishimochi](Figs. 18A, B)
Apogon nigrofasciatus Lachner, 1953: 466, fig.
81, pl. 37C, D (type locality: Yuro Island, Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands); Kuniyasu, 1999:
12 (Kurio, Yaku-shima, Japan).
Apogon aroubiensis (not of Hombron and Jacquinot); Ichikawa et al., 1992: 9 (Yaku-shimaIsland, Japan).
Material examined. BSKU 96605, 58.9 mm
SL, Kurio.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; analfin rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin raysI, 5; pored lateral-line scales 24; predorsal scales
4; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
24, developed gill rakers 18; snout pointed; bodywhite, with 5 broad, dark reddish brown stripes
on lateral surface of body; middle stripes broader
than pale interspace; and stripes not extending
onto caudal fin.
Remarks. Apogon nigrofasciatus is widelydistributed in the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges from the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden east to the
Marshall Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, andnorth to Japan (Allen et al., 2005; Randall, 2005).
In Japanese waters, this species (as A. aroubiensis or A. nigrofasciatus) has been reported from
Hachijo-jima Island (Senou et al., 2002), the Ogasawara Islands (Randall et al., 1997b), the Sagami
Sea (Senou et al., 2006b), Kashiwa-jima Island(Hirata et al., 1996), Yaku-shima Island (Ichikawa
et al., 1992; Kuniyasu, 1999), and the Ryukyu
Islands [Amami-oshima Island (Kamohara andYamakawa, 1965; Yoshigou et al., 2001), Okinoerabu-jima Island (Yoshigou et al., 2005), Ie-jimaIsland (Senou et al., 2006a), Okinawa-jima Island(Yoshigou and Nakamura, 2002, 2003; Yoshigou
et al., 2005), Tokashiki-jima Island (Watai et al.,2009), Miyako Group (Senou et al., 2007), andIriomote-jima Island (Hayashi and Kishimoto,1983)].
At Yaku-shima Island, only a single specimenof A. nigrofasciatus was collected off Kurio, but it
has been observed at depths of 10–30 m throughout the year, sheltering among rocky reefs. At

Apogonid fishes in Yaku-shima IslandYaku-shima Island, spawning of A. nigrofasciatus
begins in early April and ends in May.

AB

len et al., 2005; Randall et al., 1997a). In Japanese waters, this species has been reported from
Hachijo-jima Island (Senou et al., 2002), Sagami
Bay (Senou, 1999), the Sagami Sea (Senou et al.,2006b), Shikoku [Oshima Island, (Aizawa andSenou, 1991) and Kashiwa-jima Island (Hirata etal., 1996)], Yaku-shima Island (Jordan and Starks,
1906; Ichikawa et al., 1992), and the Ryukyu
Islands [Ie-jima Island (Senou et al., 2006a), Miyako Group (Senou et al., 2007), and Iriomotejima Island (Hayashi and Kishimoto, 1983)].
Apogon notatus has been observed only at
two diving spots at a depth of 20 m off Isso. A
single school usually comprises more than 1,000
individuals, the number of individuals decreasing
to ca. 100 in winter. At Yaku-shima Island, thespawning period of the species is from May to
July.

Fig. 18. Apogon nigrofasciatus. A, BSKU 96605, 58.9 mm
SL, Kurio; B, off Isso, 15 m, 11 Sept. 2009, S. Harazaki.

Apogon notatus (Houttuyn, 1782)[Japanese name: Kurohoshi-ishimochi](Fig. 19)
Sparus notatus Houttuyn, 1782: 320 (type locality: Japan)
Amia notata: Jordan and Starks, 1906: 698, fig. 4(Yaku-shima Island, Japan).
Apogon notatus: Ichikawa et al., 1992: 9 (Yakushima Island, Japan).
Remarks. Although the specimen’s whereabouts is unknown, Jordan and Starks’ figure (fig.
4 as Amia notata) clearly shows it to be identified
as Apogon notatus in having a black band fromthe snout to the eye, a distinct spot on the nape, a
black spot on the caudal-fin base, a black blotch
on the first dorsal fin distally, and blackish bands
along the bases of second dorsal and anal fins. The
photographed individual (Fig. 19) is also herein
identified as A. notatus.
Apogon notatus is widely distributed in the
Indo-West Pacific, from Australia to Japan (Al-Fig. 19. Apogon notatus. Off Isso, 20 m, 20 June 2005, S.
Harazaki.

Apogon novemfasciatus Cuvier, 1828
[Japanese name: Tasuji-ishimochi](Fig. 20)
Apogon novemfasciatus Cuvier in Cuvier andValenciennes, 1828: 154 (type locality: Timorand Guam); Kuniyasu, 1999: 12 (Kurio, Yakushima Island, Japan).
Material examined. KAUM–I. 21759, 33.7mm SL, Ambo.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; analfin rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin raysI, 5; pored lateral-line scales 24; predorsal scales
4; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
41

T. Yoshida et al.

20, developed gill rakers 16; snout pointed; bodywhite, with five poorly defined dark brown to
black stripes on lateral surface of body; and third
stripe (middle stripe) uneven in width, reachingcaudal fin, but not ending a spot.
Remarks. Apogon novemfasciatus is widelydistributed in the Indo-West Pacific where it
ranges from the Cocos Keeling Islands east to
the Line Islands, and the islands of Micronesia,
and north to Japan (Allen et al., 2005; Randall,2005). In Japanese waters, this species has beenreported from the Ogasawara Islands (Randall
et al., 1997b), the Sagami Sea (Senou et al.,2006b), Shikoku [Kochi (Kamohara, 1964) andKashiwa-jima Island (Hirata et al., 1996)], Yakushima Island (Kuniyasu, 1999), and the Ryukyu
Islands [Amami-oshima Island (Kamohara andYamakawa, 1965; Yoshigou et al., 2001), Ie-jimaIsland (Senou et al., 2006a), Okinawa-jima Island(Yoshigou et al., 2001; Yoshigou and Nakamura,
2002, 2003), Sesoko-jima Island (Yoshigou andNakamura, 2003), Tokashiki-jima Island (Wataiet al., 2009), Miyako Group (Senou et al., 2007),
Ishigaki-jima Island (Yoshigou et al., 2001),
Iriomote-jima Island (Hayashi and Kishimoto,1983), and Yonaguni-jima Island (Yoshigou et al.,2001)].
At Yaku-shima Island, a single specimen of
A. novemfasciatus was collected off Ambo. This
species lives solitarily in the shade of rocky reefs(not forming schools) at depths of less than 1 m at
Yaku-shima Island; it can be observed in coastal
areas of the island throughout the year.

Fig. 20. Apogon novemfasciatus. KAUM–I. 21759, 33.7mm SL, Ambo.

42

Apogon parvulus (Smith and Radcliffe, 1912)[Japanese name: Neon-tenjikudai]
Amia parvula Smith and Radcliffe in Radcliffe,
1912: 432, pl. 34, fig. 2 (type locality: Tataan
Pass, Tawi Tawi Group, Philippines).
Apogon parvulus: Ichikawa et al., 1992: 9 (Yakushima Island, Japan).
Remarks. The identification of Ichikawa etal.’s (1992) Apogon parvulus is uncertain. The
second author has dived to observe fishes aroundYaku-shima Island almost everyday for six years,
but has never seen this species. Apogon parvulus
is distributed in the western Pacific, from Kalimantan to Japan (Allen et al., 2005); known only
from Iriomote-jima Island (Hayashi and Kishimoto, 1983) in Japanese waters.
Apogon cf properuptus (Whitley, 1964), dotted type
[Japanese name: “kinsen-ishimochi, dotto-gata”](Figs. 21A, B)
Lovamia properupta Whitley, 1964: 167, pl. 10(type locality: Frederick Reef, Coral Sea).
Material examined. KAUM–I. 21789,
37.8 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21790, 40.2 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21791, 36.6 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 21792, 35.1 mm SL, Isso.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; analfin rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin raysI, 5; pored lateral-line scales 24; predorsal scales
3; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
21, developed gill rakers 18; white body, with
6 yellowish brown stripes on lateral surface ofbody, posterior end of fourth stripe (middle stripe)
reaching to caudal-fin margin; and a whitish interspace, between fifth and sixth stripes, on cheekand flank, with a series of white spots.
Remarks. In Japanese waters, “Kinsen-ishimochi, A. properuptus” has long been regarded
to exhibit two color forms (e.g., Masuda and Kobayashi, 1996; Hayashi, 1997). Recently, Mabuchi et al. (2003) verified that “Kinsen-ishimochi,
A. properuptus” in Japanese waters contained
two distinct species, named as dotted and lined
types, on the basis of examination of nucleotide

Apogonid fishes in Yaku-shima Island

sequence data of approximately 650 bp from theanterior half of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene.
Their “dotted type” is characterized by a seriesof white spots on a whitish interspace, between
the fifth and sixth body stripes, and on the cheekand flank, whereas the “lined type” has a narrow stripe on a whitish interspace on the cheekand flank. Twelve specimens of “dotted type ofKinsen-ishimochi, A. properuptus” were reportedby Mabuchi et al. (2003) from Japan: 3 specimensfrom Ajiro, Kochi; 3 from Okinoshima Island,
Fukuoka; 3 from Tatsunokuchi, Nagasaki; and 3
from Bonotsu, Kagoshima). Senou (1999) reported the dotted type as A. properuptus from Sagami
Bay. Kuiter and Kozawa (1999) published underwater photographs of this species as Apogon sp. 9
from Shizuoka, Mie, Kochi, and Kagoshima Prefectures. Hagiwara and Kimura (2005) listed thisspecies as “A. properuptus (dotted type)” from
Tateyama Bay. Although Ichikawa et al. (1992)
and Arai and Ida (1975) listed “Kinsen-ishimochi”
as A. cyanosoma from Yaku-shima Island, andKuniyasu (1999) listed it as A. properuptus fromthe island, the taxonomic status of each of their“Kinsen-ishimochi” is unknown.
Mabuchi et al. (2003) suggested that the name
A. properuptus cannot be applied to either dottedor lined types because A. properuptus (type locality: Frederick Reef, Coral Sea) is most likely to be
restricted to the southwestern Pacific, as Randall
et al. (1997a) stated. We tentatively identified here
the “dotted type of Kinsen-ishimochi” in Japanesewaters as “A. cf properuptus, dotted type”.
Comparisons of underwater photographs of“A. cf properuptus, dotted type” from Yaku-shimaIsland and published underwater photographs of A.
holotaenia Regan, 1905 (e.g., Kuiter and Kozawa,
1999) showed that their overall body appearance
and color pattern, including lines and spots, wereindistinguishable. However, comparison of thepreserved specimens from Yaku-shima Island witha specimen of A. holotaenia from its type locality(BPBM34498, 37.6 mm SL, Muscat, Oman, coll.
by J. E. Randall, 13 May 1990) shows that thepigmentation of the fourth stripe on the caudalfin membrane is different (barely remained faintstripe in the former vs. distinct black stripe in thelatter), suggesting that the two may be distinct

species.
At Yaku-shima Island, only four specimens of“A. cf properuptus, dotted type” were collected off
Isso, but it has been observed in depths of morethan 25 m throughout the year, usually sheltering
among rocky reefs. At Yaku-shima Island, spawning of this species begins in early summer.

A

B

Fig. 21. Apogon cf properuptus, dotted type. A, KAUM–I.
21790, 40.2 mm SL, Isso; B, off Isso, 30 m, 13 Dec.
2004, S. Harazaki.

Apogon cf properuptus (Whitley, 1964), lined type
[Japanese name: “kinsen-ishimochi, rain-gata”](Figs. 22A, B)
Lovamia properupta Whitley, 1964: 167, pl. 10(type locality: Frederick Reef, Coral Sea).
Material examined. KAUM–I. 20112, 32.3mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20207, 31.7 mm
SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22506, 41.1 mm SL, Yudomari.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; analfin rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin raysI, 5; pored lateral-line scales 24 ; predorsal scales
3; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
22–23, developed gill rakers 19; white body with
6 yellow stripes on lateral surface of body, posterior end of forth stripe (middle stripe) reachingon caudal fin margin; a narrow stripe on whitish
interspace on cheek and flank.
43

T. Yoshida et al.

Remarks. Taxonomic remarks are given under species account of “A. cf properuptus, dottedtype”. Nine specimens of “lined type of Kinsenishimochi, A. properuptus,” were reported by
Mabuchi et al. (2003) from Japan: 3 specimensfrom Ajiro, Kochi; 3 from Kuchinoerabu-jimaIsland; and 3 from Iriomote-jima Island. Aizawa
and Senou’s (1991: pl. 8, C) A. cyanosoma from
Oshima Island, Tokushima Prefecture is herein
identified as “A. cf properuptus, lined type” inhaving a narrow stripe on the cheek and flank.
Kuiter and Kozawa (1999) published underwaterphotographs of this species as Apogon sp. 12 from
Iriomote-jima Island. Although Ichikawa et al.
(1992) and Arai and Ida (1975) listed “Kinsenishimochi” as A. cyanosoma from Yaku-shimaIsland, and Kuniyasu (1999) listed it as A. properuptus from the island, taxonomic status of their“Kinsen-ishimochi” are unknown.
“Apogon cf properuptus, lined type” is similar
to A. properuptus in overall appearance. However,
although A. properuptus from the southwestern
Pacific (see e.g., Randall et al., 1997a: 145) has
a white line below the eye not extending beyond
the opercular margin, the Japanese population of“A. cf properuptus, lined type” has the white line
extending onto near the anal-fin base.
At Yaku-shima Island, three specimens of“A. cf properuptus, lined type” were collected
off Yudomari, but it has been observed at depthsof less than 25 m (vs. more than 25 m in “A. cf
properuptus, dotted type”) throughout the year,
usually sheltering among rocky reefs. At Yakushima Island, spawning of this species begins inearly summer.
Apogon selas Randall and Hayashi, 1990
[Japanese name: Nagareboshi]
Apogon selas Randall and Hayashi, 1990: 399,
figs. 1–2 (type locality: Tripod Reef, off Nagada Harbor, Madang, Papua New Guinea);
Kuniyasu, 1999: 12 (Kurio, Yaku-shima, Japan).
Remarks. Apogon selas was originally described by Randall and Hayashi (1990) on thebasis of 25 specimens, including 18 paratypes
44

A

B

Fig. 22. Apogon cf properuptus, lined type. A, KAUM–I.
20112, 32.3 mm SL, Yudomari; B, off Isso, 20 m, 13
Dec. 2004, S. Harazaki.

(19.4–25.7 mm SL) from Japan (Iriomote-jimaIsland in the Ryukyu Islands). Apogon selashas been known from Japan, Indonesia, Papua
New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and New
Caledonia (Allen et al., 2005; Randall, 2005). In
Japanese waters, this species has been reported
only from the Ryukyu Islands [Amami-oshimaIsland (Hayashi, 2002), Miyako Group (Senou
et al., 2007) and Iriomote-jima Island (Hayashi
and Kishimoto, 1983, as Apogon sp.; Randall andHayashi, 1990; Hayashi, 2002)].
Identification of Kuniyasu’s (1999) A. selasis uncertain as the second author has dived toobserve fishes around Yaku-shima Island almost
every day for six years, but has never seen this
distinct species.
Apogon seminigracaudus Greenfield, 2007
[Japanese name: Oguro-tenjikudai](Fig. 23)
Apogon seminigracaudus Greenfield, 2007a: 362,
figs. 1–4 (type locality: north shore of Vanua
Levu, Fiji).
Material examined. KAUM–I. 21785, 26.8mm SL, Isso.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; anal-fin
rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin rays I,

Apogonid fishes in Yaku-shima Island

5; pored lateral-line scales 24 ; predorsal scales 6;
circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers 17,
developed gill rakers 10; body reddish; and lower
caudal-fin lobe blackish distally.
Remarks. The Yaku-shima Island specimen
and other Japanese specimens, previously identified as Apogon fuscus Quoy and Gaimard, 1825 (orNectamia fusca), agree with A. seminigracaudus(see Greenfield, 2007a), with the exception of thenumber of pectoral-fin rays (14 in Yaku-shimaIsland specimen vs. 13 rays in type specimens;
Greenfield, 2007a). Apogon fuscus is currently
considered to be a valid species of the A. bandanensis group (T. Fraser, pers. comm. in Greenfield,
2007a).
Apogon seminigracaudus is widely distributedin the western Pacific where it ranges from theFiji and Tonga Islands north to Japan (Greenfield, 2007a). In Japanese waters, this species
has been reported as A. fuscus from Tateyama
Bay (Hagiwara and Kimura, 2005), the Sagami
Sea (Senou et al., 2006b), Shizuoka Prefecture(Hayashi, 2002), Shikoku [Ehime Prefecture(Hayashi, 2002) and Kashiwa-jima Island (Hirata
et al., 1996)], and the Ryukyu Islands [Ie-jimaIsland (Senou et al., 2006a), Okinawa-jima Island(Yoshigou and Nakamura, 2003; Yoshigou et al.,2005), and Iriomote-jima Island (Yoshigou et al.,2001)].
At Yaku-shima Island, a single specimen of
A. seminigracaudus was collected from Isso, representing the first reliable records of the species
from the island. This species lives solitarily (notforming schools) in the shade of rocky reefs at
a depth of 20 m off Isso, Yaku-shima Island; noother localities confirmed from the island.

Apogon semiornatus Peters, 1876
[Japanese name: Yami-tenjikudai](Fig. 24)
Apogon semiornatus Peters, 1876: 436 (type locality: Mauritius).
Remarks. The photographed individual (Fig.
24) is herein identified as Apogon semiornatus on
the basis of the following characters: transparent
pinkish body, with a broad reddish brown bandfrom the snout to the anal-fin base, and a broad
dark brown band at the middle of the body surface.
Apogon semiornatus is widely distributedin the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges fromthe Red Sea and Gulf of Oman east to Australia
and Japan (Allen et al., 2005; Randall, 2005). In
Japanese waters, this species has been reported
from the Izu Islands [Miyake-jima Island (Ida andMoyer, 1974; Hayashi, 2002) and Hachijo-jimaIsland (Senou et al., 2002)], Chiba Prefecture andsouthward (Hayashi, 2002), including Tateyama
Bay (Hagiwara and Kimura, 2005), the Sagami
Sea (Senou et al., 2006b), Kashiwa-jima Island(Hirata et al., 1996), and Ie-jima Island (Senou etal., 2006a).
Figure 24 represents the first confirmed recordof A. semiornatus from Yaku-shima Island, but nospecimens have been collected from the island.
This species has usually been found hiding in a
crack or hole on a large rock at depths of 10–20 m
at Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 24. Apogon semiornatus. Off Isso, 15 m, 21 July 2006,
S. Harazaki.

Fig. 23. Apogon seminigracaudus. KAUM–I. 21785, 26.8mm SL, Isso.

45

T. Yoshida et al.

Apogon taeniophorus Regan, 1908
[Japanese name: Misuji-tenjikudai](Figs. 25A, B)
Apogon taeniophorus Regan, 1908: 226 (type locality: Maldives, Indian Ocean).
Apogon endekataenia (not of Bleeker): Arai and
Ida, 1975: 192 (Kusugawa, Yaku-shima Island, Japan).
Material examined. BSKU 96641, 37.8 mm
SL, Isso; FRLM 34677, 47.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11171, 59.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11358, 76.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11359,
76.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20208, 28.2 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20240, 76.8 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 20341, 90.4 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 20344, 88.8 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
21718, 15.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21719,
16.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21720, 14.8 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 25227, 87.4 mm SL, Nagata; KPM–NI 22577, 21.8 mm SL, Isso; KPM–
NI 22578, 25.8 mm SL, Isso; MUFS 25595, 57.7mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25596, 56.6 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25597, 63.1 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
17846, 4 specimens: 28.8–68.0 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 91351, 45.9 mm SL, Yudomari;
NSMT–P 91682, 3 specimens: 58.4–69.3 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 95459, 2 specimens: 32.6–84.6mm SL, Haruo; NSMT–P 95463, 87.8 mm SL,
Hirauchi.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; analfin rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin raysI, 5; pored lateral-line scales 24; predorsal scales
3–4; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
18–20, developed gill rakers 11–13; body white,with 6 distinct dark brown stripes on lateral surface of body; posterior portion of third stripe notreaching to second stripe at below first dorsal fin;posterior end of fourth stripe (middle stripe) forming a poorly defined black spot, less than pupil
diameter, at caudal-fin base; and fourth stripe notextending onto caudal-fin membrane.
Remarks. Matsuura and Tachikawa (1994)
reported A. taeniophorus from Chichi-jima Island, the Ogasawara Islands, as the first record of
the species from Japan, on the basis of a single
specimen (NSMT–P 35302, 60.8 mm SL), and46

proposed a new Japanese name, Misuji-tenjikudai,
for the species. Subsequently, Mabuchi et al.
(2004) recognized two distinct species in specimens previously identified as A. taeniophorus
from Japan on the basis of analysis of nucleotide
sequence data of approximately 610 bp from theanterior half of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene.
The two species were named by Mabuchi et al.
(2004) as “Lined type of Misuji-tenjikudai, A.
taeniophorus” and “Spotted type of Misuji-tenjikudai, A. taeniophorus”. The two can be easily
distinguished by color patterns on the body andcaudal fin (Mabuchi et al., 2004; this study, see
Description of each species account).
Judging from numerous underwater photographs and published data for A. taeniophorus
from the Indo–Pacific, Mabuchi et al.’s (2004)“Spotted type of Misuji-tenjikudai” is herein identified as A. taeniophorus. However, the taxonomic
status of “Lined type of Misuji-tenjikudai” is still
unknown. Two syntypes of Amia fasciata stevensi
McCulloch, 1915 (AMS I. 4247, 48.3 mm SL,
Fiji; AMS I. 13461, 59.9 mm SL, Vanuatu) were
examined during this study and we confirmed that
A. fasciata stevensi is a junior synonym of A. taeniophorus (= “Spotted type of Misuji-tenjikudai”)
in having 14 pectoral-fin rays; white body with
six dark brown stripes on lateral surface of body;posterior portion of third stripe not reaching tosecond stripe below first dorsal fin; posterior endof fourth stripe forming a black spot, less than pupil diameter, at caudal-fin base; and fourth stripe
not extending onto caudal-fin membrane.
Because Matsuura and Tachikawa’s (1994)
specimen (NSMT–P 35302) from Chichi-jima Island is in very poor condition (lacking most bodyscales and stripes), it cannot be reliably identified
as either A. taeniophorus or “Lined type of Misuji-tenjikudai”. However, in their checklist of fishesof the Ogasawara Islands, Randall et al. (1997b)
regarded Kuwamura et al.’s (1983) A. robusta(Smith and Radcliffe, 1911) (currently regarded asa junior synonym of A. cookii) and Sato’s (1991)
A. cookii (both listed from the Ogasawara Islands)
as A. taeniophorus. Sato’s (1991: fig. 11) A. cookii
is also herein identified as A. taeniophorus. In
addition, Randall et al. (1997b) listed four newly
collected specimens of A. taeniophorus (BPBMApogonid fishes in Yaku-shima Island

35092; BPBM 35125, 2 specimens; BPBM
35297) suggesting that A. taeniophorus is common in the Ogasawara Islands. Accordingly, weregard here that Matsuura and Tachikawa’s (1994)
specimen is A. taeniophorus (not Mabuchi et al.’s“Lined type of Misuji-tenjikudai”) and the Japanese name proposed by Matsuura and Tachikawa(1994) is applied to A. taeniophorus.
At Yaku-shima Island, A. taeniophorus ismost similar to A. cookii, but differs in having 14
pectoral-fin rays (vs. 15 rays in A. cookii) and an
indistinct, smaller caudal-fin base spot (vs. a distinct, larger spot) (Gon, 1987; this study).
Apogon taeniophorus is widely distributed in
the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges from theeast coast of Africa east to the islands of Micronesia, the Line Islands, French Polynesia, and northto Japan (Allen et al., 2005; Randall, 2005). In
Japanese waters, this species has been reported
from the Ogasawara Islands (Matsuura and Tachikawa, 1994; Randall et al., 1997b; Mabuchi etal., 2004), Tateyama Bay (Hagiwara and Kimura,2005), the Sagami Sea (Senou et al., 2006b), andthe Ryukyu Islands [Kuchinoerabu-jima Island(Mabuchi et al., 2004), Okinoerabu-jima Island(Yoshigou et al., 2005), and Tokashiki-jima Island(Watai et al., 2009)].
At Yaku-shima Island, specimens of A. taeniophorus were collected from Hirauchi, Isso, Kurio,
Kusugawa, Nagata, and Yudomari, representing
the first records of the species from the island.
This solitary species lives in the shade of rocky
reefs at depths of less than 15 m at Yaku-shimaIsland; it can be observed in coastal areas of theisland throughout the year. This species spawns in
the early summer at the island.
Apogon cf taeniophorus Regan, 1908, lined type
[Japanese name: “misuji-tenjikudai, rain-gata”](Figs. 26A, B)
Apogon taeniophorus Regan, 1908: 226 (type locality: Maldives, Indian Ocean).
Material examined. KPM–NI 22579, 25.1mm SL, Isso.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; analfin rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin rays

A

B

Fig. 25. Apogon taeniophorus. A, KAUM–I. 11359, 76.1mm SL, Kurio; B, off Kurio, 2 m, 17 Dec. 2009, S.
Harazaki.

I, 5; pored lateral-line scales 24; predorsal scales
4; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
18, developed gill rakers 12; body white, with
6 dark brown stripes on lateral surface of body;posterior portion of third stripe curving upwardly
and reaching to second stripe at below first dorsal
fin; posterior end of fourth stripe (middle stripe)
reaching on caudal-fin margin.
Remarks. The Yaku-shima Island specimen (Fig. 26A) and a photographed individual(Fig. 26B) are herein identified as Mabuchi etal.’s (2004) “Lined type of Misuji-tenjikudai,
A. taeniophorus” on the basis of the following
combination of characters: a white body, with six
dark brown stripes on the lateral surface of thebody, the posterior portion of the third stripe curving upwardly and reaching to the second stripe
below the first dorsal fin, and the posterior end of
the fourth stripe (middle stripe) reaching to thecaudal-fin margin. Mabuchi et al. (2004) reported
four specimens of the species (2 specimens from
Misho, Ehime Prefecture, and 2 specimens from
Kuchinoerabu-jima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture)from Japan as A. taeniophorus (lined type).
The Yaku-shima Island specimen was collected at a depth of 4 m off Isso. Another individualof the species was observed by the second author
at a depth of 15 m off Isso.
47

T. Yoshida et al.

A

B

Fig. 26. Apogon cf taeniophorus, lined type. A, KPM–NI
22579, 25.1 mm SL, Isso; B, off Isso, 20 m, 14 Sept.
2009, S. Harazaki.

the east coast of Africa and the Red Sea east toAustralia and Japan (Allen et al., 2005; Randall
et al., 1997a). In Japanese waters, this species(mostly as Apogon timorensis) has been reported
from the Sagami Sea (Senou et al., 2006b),
Shizuoka Prefecture (Hayashi, 2002), Shikoku[Ehime Prefecture (Hayashi, 2002) and Kashiwajima Island (Hirata et al., 1996)], and the Ryukyu
Islands [Okinawa-jima Island (Yoshigou et al.,2005), Tokashiki-jima Island (Watai et al., 2009),
and Iriomote-jima Island (Hayashi and Kishimoto,
1983, as A. fraxineus)].
At Yaku-shima Island, three specimens of A.
timorensis were collected in less than 3 m depths
off Isso and Yudomari, representing the first reliable records of A. timorensis from the island.

Apogonichthyoides timorensis (Bleeker, 1854)[Japanese name: Kakure-ishimochi](Fig. 27)
Apogon timorensis Bleeker, 1854b: 207 (type locality: Kupang, Timor, Indonesia).
Material examined. KAUM–I. 20076, 59.9mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22542, 29.0 mm SL,
Yudomari; KPM–NI 22580, 21.9 mm SL, Isso.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; anal-fin
rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 16; pelvic-fin rays I, 5;
pored lateral-line scales 23–24; predorsal scales
3; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
15, developed gill rakers 8–9; posterior tip of depressed pelvic fin extending beyond origin of anal
fin; body yellowish brown, with four broad, vertical, dark brown bands on lateral surface of body,first band from anterior portion of first dorsal fin
to pectoral fin, second band between bases ofsecond dorsal and anal fins, third band on middleof caudal peduncle, and fourth band at caudal-finbase; and head with a broad brownish band fromposterior margin of orbit to opercular margin, anda narrow brown stripe across cheek.
Remarks. Fraser and Allen (2010) allocatedthis species to the genus Apogonichthyoides.
Apogonichthyoides timorensis is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges from48

Fig. 27. Apogonichthyoides timorensis. KAUM–I. 20076,
59.9 mm SL, Yudomari.

Archamia fucata (Cantor, 1849)[Japanese name: Sumitsuki-atohiki-tenjikudai](Figs. 28A, B)
Apogon fucata Cantor, 1849: 986 [type locality:
Sea of Pinang (Penang), Malaysia].
Material examined. BSKU 96549, 50.6 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20044, 49.5 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20074, 53.3 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20075, 73.5 mm SL, Yudomari.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; anal-fin
rays II, 16; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin raysI, 5; pored lateral-line scales 25; predorsal scales
6; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
20–23, developed gill rakers 20; body pinkish,with numerous narrow, vertical or oblique reddish

Apogonid fishes in Yaku-shima Islandorange bars; an indistinct reddish black spot behind opercle; and no black band on cheek;.
Remarks. Archamia dispilus Lachner, 1951
was recently synonymized with A. fucata by Gon
and Randall (2003). Although the former (with anelongate spot behind head) is likely to be a valid
species, we tentatively follow Gon and Randall’s(2003) taxonomic decision.
Archamia fucata is widely distributed in the
Indo-West Pacific where it ranges from the Red
Sea and the east coast of Africa east to the Marshall Islands, the Samoa Islands, and Tonga, andnorth to Japan (Allen et al., 2005; Randall, 2005).
In Japanese waters, this species (as A. dispilus)
has been reported from Hachijo-jima Island (Senou et al., 2002), the Ogasawara Islands (Sato,
1991; Randall et al., 1997b), Miyazaki Prefecture(Motomura et al., 2001), Kagoshima Prefecture(Yamada, 2007), and the Ryukyu Islands [Ie-jimaIsland (Senou et al., 2006a), Okinawa-jima Island(Yoshigou et al., 2001; Yoshigou and Nakamura,
2002; 2003; Yoshigou et al., 2005), Miyako Group(Senou et al., 2007), and Iriomote-jima Island(Hayashi and Kishimoto, 1983)].
At Yaku-shima Island, specimens of A. fucata
were collected only from Yudomari, representing
the first reliable records of the species from theisland. This species forms schools in less than 5m on muddy substrates in river mouths and fishing ports of Yaku-shima Island; it can be observed
there in aggregations throughout the year.
Cheilodipterus artus Smith, 1961
[Japanese name: Kasumi-yarai-ishimochi](Fig. 29)
Cheilodipterus artus Smith, 1961: 409, pl. 50, fig.
F (type locality: Mahé, Seychelles)
Remarks. Hayashi (2002) reviewed the genus
Cheilodipterus in Japanese waters and regarded
four species as valid (Japanese names in parentheses), i.e., C. artus Smith, 1961 (Sudare-yarai-ishimochi), C. macrodon Lacepède, 1802 (Ryukyuyarai-ishimochi), C. quinquelineatus Cuvier, 1828
(Yarai-ishimochi), and C. subulatus Weber, 1909
(Kasumi-yarai-ishimochi). Incidentally, althoughGon (1993) regarded C. subulatus as a junior

A

B

Fig. 28. Archamia fucata. A, KAUM–I. 20075, 73.5 mm
SL, Yudomari; B, off Isso, 4 m, 26 Aug. 2006, S.
Harazaki.

synonym of C. singapurensis Bleeker, 1859–60,
Hayashi (2002) overlooked Gon’s (1993) taxonomic decision.
Hayashi and Kishimoto’s (1983: pl. 3, figs.
10a–b; IORD 77-748, 77-20) Cheilodipterussp., type A, and Hayashi’s (2002) ‘Sudare-yaraiishimochi, C. artus’ are herein identified as C. intermedius Gon, 1993 (see Gon, 1993: pl. 1, fig. B).
In addition, Hayashi and Kishimoto’s (1983: pl. 3,
fig. 9; IORD 76-435) C. subulatus, and Hayashi’s(2002) ‘Kasumi-yarai-ishimochi, C. subulatus’ areherein identified as C. artus (see Gon, 1993: pl. 4,
fig. C). Thus, the Japanese names ‘Kasumi-yaraiishimochi’ and ‘Sudare-yarai-ishimochi’ correspond to C. artus and C. intermedius respectively(Senou et al., 2006a, 2007; this study).
Although C. artus is very similar to C. intermedius in juvenile coloration, C. artus differsfrom the latter in ontogenetic color changes of thecaudal peduncle. Black pigments around a black
spot at the caudal-fin base of C. artus increase
with growth and the posterior portion of the caudal peduncle finally becomes black, whereas noblack pigments usually occur around the caudalfin base spot of C. intermedius and the posterior
portion of the caudal peduncle usually becomeswhitish (Gon, 1993; H. Senou, pers. comm.). The
49

T. Yoshida et al.

figured individual (Fig. 29) may be an adult of
C. intermedius (rather than C. artus); at this life
stage, specimens are required for accurate identification.
Cheilodipterus artus is widely distributed in
the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges from theeast coast of Africa east to the Marshall Islands
and Tuamotu Archipelago, and north to Japan(Allen et al., 2005; Randall, 2005). In Japanesewaters, reliable records of the species are from
Yaku-shima Island (this study) and the Ryukyu
Islands [Ie-jima Island (Senou et al., 2006a), Miyako Group (Senou et al., 2007), and Iriomotejima Island (Hayashi and Kishimoto, 1983, as C.
subulatus)].
This species inhabits rocky and coral reefs
at depths of less than 20 m at Yaku-shima Island; common in the island and can be observed
throughout the year.

spot at caudal fin base in adults (Fig. 30B) (seeRemarks of C. artus).
Cheilodipterus intermedius is widely distributed in the western Pacific where it ranges fromthe Solomon Islands to the South China Sea andJapan (Allen et al., 2005). In Japanese waters, thisspecies has been reported from the Sagami Sea(Senou et al., 2006b, as C. artus) and the Ryukyu
Islands [Sesoko-jima Island (Gon, 1993), Ie-jimaIsland (Senou et al., 2006a), and Miyako Group(Senou et al., 2007)].
This species is solitary on rocky and coral
reefs at depths of less than 20 m at Yaku-shimaIsland; common in the island throughout the year.

A

B

Fig. 29. Cheilodipterus cf artus. Off Isso, 8 m, 11 June
2005, S. Harazaki.

Cheilodipterus intermedius Gon, 1993
[Japanese name: Sudare-yarai-ishimochi](Figs. 30A, B)
Cheilodipterus intermedius Gon, 1993: 19, pl. 1,
figs. 3B, 8 (type locality: east side of Marinelab., Sesoko-jima Island, Okinawa, Ryukyu
Islands, Japan).
Remarks. Photographed individuals (Figs.
30A, B) are identified as C. intermedius on thebasis of the following combination of characters:nine blackish brown broad and narrow stripes onlateral surface of body; a black spot, surroundedby yellow, at midbase of caudal fin in young (Fig.
30A); and no black vertical bar or distinct black
50

Fig. 30. Cheilodipterus intermedius. A, off Isso, 10 m,
5 Nov. 2005, S. Harazaki; B, off Isso, 10 m, 5 Nov.
2005, S. Harazaki.

Cheilodipterus macrodon (Lacepède, 1802)[Japanese name: Ryukyu-yarai-ishimochi](Figs. 31A, B)
Centropomus macrodon Lacepède, 1802: 252, 273(type locality: Mauritius or Réunion Island).
Cheilodipterus lineatus; Arai and Ida, 1975: 184,
pl. 17, fig. 1 (Kusugawa, Yaku-shima Island,
Japan).
Cheilodipterus macrodon; Ichikawa et al., 1992: 9(Yaku-shima Island, Japan); Kuniyasu, 1999:
12 (Kurio, Yaku-shima Island, Japan).

Apogonid fishes in Yaku-shima Island

Material examined. BSKU 96548, 58.7 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11453, 70.5 mm SL,
Isso.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; anal-fin
rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 12; pelvic-fin rays I,
5; pored lateral-line scales 25; predorsal scales 6;
circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers 20,
developed gill rakers 9; large canine-like teeth onjaws; preopercular margin serrated; body white,with nine poorly defined dark brown stripes onlateral surface of body; a broad, black band on
caudal-fin base in young.
Remarks. Cheilodipterus macrodon is widelydistributed in the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges from the Red Sea and east coast of Africa east
to French Polynesia (expect for the Marquesas Islands), and the Pitcairn Islands, and north to Japan(Allen et al., 2005; Randall, 2005). In Japanesewaters, this species has been reported from the Izu
Islands [Hachijo-jima Island (Senou et al., 2002)],
the Ogasawara Islands (Kuwamura et al., 1983;
Sato, 1991; Randall et al., 1997b), Tateyama Bay(Hagiwara and Kimura, 2005), the Sagami Sea(Senou et al., 2006b), Shikoku [Kochi (Kamohara,
1964, as Jadamga quinquelineatus) and Kashiwajima Island (Hirata et al., 1996)], Yaku-shimaIsland (Ichikawa et al., 1992; Kuniyasu, 1999),
and the Ryukyu Islands [Amami-oshima Island(Kamohara and Yamakawa, 1968), Ie-jima Island(Senou et al., 2006a), and Tokashiki-jima Island(Watai et al., 2009)].
At Yaku-shima Island, two specimens of C.
macrodon were collected from Isso and Yudomari.
This species occurs in less than 20 m at rocky orcoral reefs at Yaku-shima Island throughout theyear.
Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus Cuvier, 1828
[Japanese name: Yarai-ishimochi](Figs. 32A, B)
Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus Cuvier in Cuvier
and Valenciennes, 1828: 167 (type locality:
Bora Bora, Society Islands); Ichikawa et al.,
1992: 9 (Yaku-shima Island, Japan); Kuniyasu, 1999: 12 (Kurio, Yaku-shima Island,
Japan).

A

B

Fig. 31. Cheilodipterus macrodon. A, BSKU 96548, 58.7mm SL, Yudomari; B, off Isso, 8 m, 22 June 2004, S.
Harazaki.

Material examined. KAUM–I. 11289, 50.0mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20049, 80.3 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20068, 101.9 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20070, 85.8 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20073, 42.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20535, 65.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–
NI 22511, 40.0 mm SL, Yudomari.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; anal-fin
rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 12; pelvic-fin rays I, 5;
pored lateral-line scales 24–25 ; predorsal scales
6; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
18, developed gill rakers 12; large canine-liketeeth on jaws; preopercular margin serrated; bodywhite, with five black stripes on lateral surface ofbody, posterior end of third stripe (middle stripe)
reaching a black spot on caudal-fin base; and acaudal-fin base spot, less than pupil diameter, surrounded by poorly defined yellow blotch.
Remarks. Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus is
widely distributed in the Indo–Pacific, expect for
the Persian Gulf and Hawaiian Islands (Allen etal., 2005; Randall, 2005). In Japanese waters, thisspecies has been reported from the Izu Islands[Miyake-jima Island (Ida and Moyer, 1974) andHachijo-jima Island (Senou et al., 2002)], theOgasawara Islands (Kuwamura et al., 1983; Sato,
1991; Matsuura and Tachikawa, 1994; Randall et51

T. Yoshida et al.

al., 1997b), the Sagami Sea (Senou et al., 2006b),
Shikoku [Kochi (Kamohara, 1964) and Kashiwajima Island (Hirata et al., 1996)], Yaku-shimaIsland (Ichikawa et al., 1992; Kuniyasu, 1999),
and the Ryukyu Islands [Yagaji-shima Island(Yoshigou et al., 2005), Ie-jima Island (Senou etal., 2006a), Okinawa-jima Island (Yoshigou et al.,
2001; Yoshigou and Nakamura, 2002; Yoshigou
et al., 2005), Tokashiki-jima Island (Watai et al.,2009), Miyako Group (Senou et al., 2007), andIriomote-jima Island (Hayashi and Kishimoto,
1983; Yoshigou et al., 2001)].
At Yaku-shima Island, specimens of C. quinquelineatus were collected from Kurio and Yudomari. This species occurs in less than 20 m on
rocky or coral reefs at Yaku-shima Island throughout the year. The population of C. quinquelineatus
at Yaku-shima Island is the largest among the four
species of Cheilodipterus occurring around theisland.

A

B

Foa brachygramma (Jenkins, 1903)[Japanese name: Taiwan-mato-ishimochi](Fig. 33)
Fowleria brachygrammus Jenkins, 1903: 447, fig.
20 (type locality: Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands).
Remarks. The photographed individual (Fig.
33) is herein identified as Foa brachygramma on
the basis of the following combination of characters: lateral line incomplete; no large black blotch
on opercle; body blackish brown, with numerous
small white blotches on head and caudal-fin base;and no vertical bands on lateral surface of body.
Foa brachygramma is widely distributed in
the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges from theeast coast of Africa east to the Hawaiian Islands,
and north to Japan (Hayashi, 2002; Randall,
1997a). In Japanese waters, this species has beenreported from Shimoda Bay, Shizuoka (Masuda
et al., 1984) to the Ryukyu Islands [Ie-jima Island (Senou et al., 2006a), Okinawa-jima Island(Yoshigou et al., 2005), Tokashiki-jima Island(Watai et al., 2009), Miyako Group (Senou et al.,2007), and Iriomote-jima Island (Hayashi andKishimoto, 1983; Yoshigou et al., 2001)].
Figure 33 represents the first confirmed
record of F. brachygramma from Yaku-shimaIsland. This species can be observed in aggregations, each with about 20 individuals, on sandy
substrates in less than 20 m off Isso, Yaku-shimaIsland, throughout the year; no other localities
confirmed from the island.

Fig. 32. Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus. A, KAUM–I.
11289, 50.0 mm SL, Yudomari; B, off Isso, 8 m, 26
Jan. 2005, S. Harazaki.

Fig. 33. Foa brachygramma. Off Isso, 20 m, 15 Sept. 2009,
S. Harazaki.

52

Apogonid fishes in Yaku-shima Island

Fowleria isostigma (Jordan and Seale, 1906)[Japanese name: Naha-mato-ishimochi](Fig. 34)
Apogonichthys isostigma Jordan and Seale, 1906:
251, fig. 45 (type locality: Apia, Upolu Island,Western Samoa).
Material examined. BSKU 96573, 17.0 mm
SL, Yudomari.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; analfin rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin raysI, 5; pored lateral-line scales 11; predorsal scales
6; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
4, developed gill rakers 4; palatine without teeth;
lateral line incomplete; body whitish brown, without small white blotches; a large ocellated black
blotch on opercle; no vertical bands on lateral surface of body; and no spots or lines on fins.
Remarks. Two color variations of F. isostigma are known in Japanese waters: one has a roundblack spot basally on each scale of the lateral surface of the body, the spots forming several longitudinal stripes; the other lacks the spots (Hayashi,
2002). The Yaku-shima Island specimen is identified as Hayashi’s (2002) “unmarked form”.
Fowleria isostigma is widely distributed in
the western Pacific where it ranges from Australia
east to Mangareva and the islands of Micronesia,
and north to Japan (Randall, 2005). In Japanesewaters, this species has been reported from Wakayama Prefecture and southward (Hayashi,
2002), including Kashiwa-jima Island (Hirata etal., 1996) and the Ryukyu Islands [Amami-oshimaIsland (Kamohara and Yamakawa, 1968), Iejima Island (Senou et al., 2006a), Okinawa-jimaIsland (Yoshigou and Nakamura, 2003; Yoshigou
et al., 2005), Ishigaki-jima Island (Yoshigou etal., 2001), and Iriomote-jima Island (Hayashi andKishimoto, 1983)].
At Yaku-shima Island, a single specimen of
F. isostigma was collected from Yudomari, representing the first reliable record of F. isostigma
from the island. Ecological information on thespecies at Yaku-shima Island is unknown.

Fig. 34. Fowleria isostigma. BSKU 96573, 17.0 mm SL,
Yudomari.

Fowleria cf marmorata (Alleyne and Macleay, 1877)[Japanese name: Obi-shibori](Fig. 35)
Apogonichthys marmorata Alleyne and Macleay,
1877: 268, pl. 5, fig. 2 (type locality: Cape
Grenville, Queensland, Australia).
Material examined. KAUM–I. 21784, 39.8mm SL, Isso.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9; analfin rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 14; pelvic-fin raysI, 5; pored lateral-line scales 6 (7 on right sideof body); predorsal scales 6; circumpeduncularscales 12; total gill rakers 13, developed gill rakers 4; palatine without teeth; lateral line incomplete; body red, with several vertical dark red bars
on lateral surface of body; 3 black bands radiatingfrom posterior margin of eye; and a large ocellated black spot on opercle.
Remarks. The Yaku-shima Island specimen
is herein identified as F. marmorata in having an
incomplete lateral line; red body, with several vertical dark red bars on lateral surface of body anda large ocellated black spot on the opercle. However, the number of pored lateral-line scales in the
Yaku-shima Island specimen is six (seven on rightside of body), whereas those described by Hayashi(2002) and Randall (2005) are 12 and 10–13 respectively. In addition, the number of developed
gill rakers in the Yaku-shima Island specimen isfour, whereas those described by Hayashi (2002)
is seven. More Yaku-shima Island specimens are
required to determine whether these characters
represent intraspecific variations or distinct species.
53

T. Yoshida et al.

Fowleria marmorata is widely distributedin the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges fromthe Red Sea east to the Line, Society, and Marquesas Islands, and north to Japan (Allen et al.,2005; Randall, 2005). In Japanese waters, thisspecies has been reported from Kashiwa-jima Island (Hirata et al., 1996) and the Ryukyu Islands[Okinawa-jima Island (Yoshigou et al., 2005) andSesoko-jima Island (Hayashi, 2002)]. At Yakushima Island, a single specimen was collectedfrom Isso at a depth of 30 m.

to Japan (Allen et al., 2005; Randall, 2005). In
Japanese waters, this species has been reported
from the Ogasawara Islands (Sato, 1991; Matsuura and Tachikawa, 1994; Randall et al., 1997b)
and the Ryukyu Islands [Amami-oshima Island(Yamakawa, 1971; Yoshigou et al., 2001), Ie-jimaIsland (Senou et al., 2006a), Okinawa-jima Island(Yoshigou et al., 2001; Yoshigou and Nakamura,
2003; Yoshigou et al., 2005), Miyako Group(Senou et al., 2007), and Iriomote-jima Island(Hayashi and Kishimoto, 1983; Yoshigou et al.,
2001; Yoshigou and Nakamura, 2002)].
At Yaku-shima Island, two specimens of F.
variegata were collected from Yudomari, representing the first reliable records of F. variegata
from the island. Ecological information on thespecies at Yaku-shima Island is unknown.

Fig. 35. Fowleria cf marmorata. KAUM–I. 21784, 39.8mm SL, Isso.

Fowleria variegata (Valenciennes, 1832)[Japanese name: Shibori](Fig. 36)

Fig. 36. Fowleria variegata. KPM–NI 22505, 28.8 mm SL,
Yudomari.

Apogon variegata Valenciennes, 1832: 55 (typelocality: Mauritius).
Material examined. BSKU 96547, 33.8 mm
SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22505, 28.8 mm SL, Yudomari.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; anal-fin
rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin rays I,
5; pored lateral-line scales 10 ; predorsal scales
4–5; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
14–15, developed gill rakers 6–8; palatine without teeth; lateral line incomplete; body blackish
brown, with numerous black spots and blotcheson lateral surface of body; a large dark ocellated
spot on opercle; fins brown, with numerous whitespots.
Remarks. Fowleria variegata is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges
from the Red Sea and the east coast of Africa,east to the Mariana and Samoa Islands, and north54

Neamia octospina Smith and Radcliffe, 1912
[Japanese name: Yatsutoge-tenjikudai](Figs. 37A, B)
Neamia octospina Smith and Radcliffe in Radcliffe, 1912: 441, pl. 36, fig. 2 (type locality:
Rasa Island, off Mantaguin Bay, Palawan,
Philippines).
Remarks. Photographed individuals (Figs.
37A, B) are herein identified as N. octospina on
the basis of the following combination of characters: a semitranslucent white body, with numerous
small reddish spots on the body and fins, and threeindistinct reddish bands radiating from the posterior margin of the eye. Specimens have not beencollected from Yaku-shima Island.
Neamia octospina is widely distributed in

Apogonid fishes in Yaku-shima Island

the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges from the
Red Sea east to Fiji, and north to Japan (Allenet al., 2005; Randall, 2005). In Japanese waters,
this species has been reported from the Ryukyu
Islands [Okinawa-jima Island (Yoshigou et al.,2005) and Ishigaki-jima Island (Ida and Moyer,1974)].
Figures 37A, B represent the first confirmed
records of N. octospina from Yaku-shima Islandand the northernmost records for the species in
the western Pacific. The photographed individuals
were found among branches of the Alcyonacea,
Cladiella digitulata, at a depth of 2 m off Motoura
Beach, Isso, Yaku-shima Island on 23 Oct. 2006.
These individual disappeared after C. digitulata’
death confirmed by the second author; no otherindividuals have been observed at the island.

A

B

Fig. 37. Neamia octospina. A and B, off Isso, 5 m, 23 Oct.
2006, S. Harazaki.

Nectamia bandanensis (Bleeker, 1854)[Japanese name: Banda-ishimochi](Figs. 38A, B)
Apogon bandanensis Bleeker, 1854a: 95 (typelocality: Banda Neira, Banda Islands, Indonesia).

Material examined. BSKU 96538, 66.0 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20069, 67.8 mm SL,
Yudomari.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VII-I, 9 (onespecimen with VII-II, 9); anal-fin rays II, 8;
pectoral-fin rays 13; pelvic-fin rays I, 5; pored
lateral-line scales 24 ; predorsal scales 3–4; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers 25–26,
developed gill rakers 23; body depth 43.2–43.7% of SL; body silvery brown, with 3 dark brownbands, widths subequal to pupil diameter, on
lateral surface of body; and an oblique, straight,
brownish bar from posteroventral margin of eye.
Remarks. Fraser (2008) recently allocatedthis species to Nectamia from Apogon. Nectamia
bandanensis has been known from the western
Pacific from Japan to American Samoa (Randall,2005). In Japanese waters, this species has beenreported from the Ogasawara Islands (Matsuura
and Tachikawa, 1994, as A. bandaensis; Randall etal., 1997b, as A. bandaensis) and the Ryukyu Islands [Amami-oshima Island (Kamohara and Yamakawa, 1968, as A. bandaensis), Ie-jima Island(Senou et al., 2006a, as A. bandaensis), Okinawajima Island (Hayashi, 2002, as A. bandaensis),
Sesoko-jima Island (Fraser, 2008), Tokashiki-jimaIsland (Watai et al., 2009), Miyako Group (Senou
et al., 2007, as A. bandaensis), and Iriomote-jimaIsland (Hayashi and Kishimoto, 1983; Hayashi,
2002, as A. bandaensis)].
At Yaku-shima Island, two specimens of N.
bandanensis were collected from Isso and Yudomari, representing the first reliable records ofthe species from the island and the northernmost
records for the species. This species is observed in
the shade of rocky reefs in the daytime and aroundthe reefs at night; it can be observed in less than
10 m at Yaku-shima Island throughout the year.
Pseudamia gelatinosa Smith, 1956
[Japanese name: Numeri-tenjikudai](Figs. 39A, B)
Pseudamia gelatinosa Smith, 1956: 690, pl. 18,
fig. A (type locality: Aldabra Islands).
Material examined. BSKU 96540, 42.9mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20120, 31.2 mm
55

T. Yoshida et al.

A

B

Fig. 38. Nectamia bandanensis. A, KAUM–I. 20069, 67.8mm SL, Yudomari; B, off Isso, 10 m, 22 Oct. 2009, S.
Harazaki.

SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20163, 16.4 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20164, 21.0 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20165, 14.9 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20166, 16.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–
NI 22529, 18.7 mm SL, Yudomari.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; analfin rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 15; pelvic-fin raysI, 5; pored lateral-line scales 35; predorsal scales
5–6; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
11, developed gill rakers 8; caudal fin lanceolate;anterior nostril with a long flap; semitranslucent
slender body, with numerous small blackish spots
forming several longitudinal stripes; caudal fin
with a large black blotch dorsally; and a black
blotch on caudal-fin base.
Remarks. Pseudamia gelatinosa differs fromits close relative, P. amblyuroptera, in having 8
developed gill rakers and 8 anal-fin rays (vs. 11
rakers and usually 9 rays; Yoshigou and Yoshino,2004).
Pseudamia gelatinosa is widely distributedin the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges from the
Red Sea and east coast of Africa, east to the Line
Islands, Society Islands and Rapa, and north toJapan (Allen et al., 2005; Randall, 2005). In Japanese waters, this species has been reported from56

the Izu Islands [Hachijo-jima Island (Senou et al.,2002)], the Sagami Sea (Hayashi, 2002; Senou
et al., 2006b), and the Ryukyu Islands [Ie-jimaIsland (Senou et al., 2006a), Okinawa-jima Island(Yoshigou et al., 2005), Miyako Group (Senou etal., 2007), Ishigaki-jima Island (Ida and Moyer,1974), and Iriomote-jima Island (Yoshigou et al.,2001)].
At Yaku-shima Island, specimens of P. gelatinosa were collected from Yudomari, representing the first reliable records of the species fromthe island. This species is solitary in the shade of
rocky reefs (not forming schools) at depths of lessthan of 10 m off Isso and Yudomari, Yaku-shimaIsland; no other localities confirmed from the island.

A

B

Fig. 39. Pseudamia gelatinosa. A, BSKU 96540, 42.9mm SL, Yudomari; B, off Isso, 10 m, 16 Oct. 2009, I.
Takaku.

Rhabdamia gracilis (Bleeker, 1856)[Japanese name: Sukashi-tenjikudai](Figs. 40A, B)
Apogonichthys gracilis Bleeker, 1856b: 371 (typelocality: Ternate, Moluccas, Indonesia).
Remarks. Photographed individuals (Figs.
40A, B) are identified as R. gracilis by having atranslucent silvery body, with a bluish longitudinal
stripe on the middle of the body. No specimens
have been collected from Yaku-shima Island.
Mabuchi (2001) regarded that R. gracilis contained two distinct species: one has a black spotApogonid fishes in Yaku-shima Islandon the posteroventral caudal peduncle, and theother lacks the spot. However, because these twohave been observed as members of a school (seeFig. 40A) and the second author confirmed thatthey have often paired with each other at Yakushima Island, we tentatively treat them as conspecific in this study.
Rhabdamia gracilis is widely distributed in
the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges from theeast coast of Africa east to the Marshall Islands,
Caroline Islands and Fiji, and north to Japan (Allenet al., 2005; Randall, 2005). In Japanese waters,
this species has been reported from the Sagami
Sea (Senou et al., 2006b), Wakayama Prefectureand southward (Hayashi, 2002), including the
Ryukyu Islands [Ie-jima Island (Senou et al.,2006a), Okinawa-jima Island (Ida and Moyer,
1974; Yoshigou et al., 2005), Tokashiki-jima Island (Watai et al., 2009), Miyako Group (Senou
et al., 2007), and Iriomote-jima Island (Ida andMoyer, 1974; Hayashi and Kishimoto, 1983;
Yoshigou and Nakamura, 2002)]. Figures 40
represent the first confirmed record of R. gracilis
from Yaku-shima Island.
Rhabdamia gracilis, forming a school of ca.
50 individuals, lives sympatrically with A. notatus
in depths of 20–25 m at two diving spots off Isso,
Yaku-shima Island; no other localities confirmed
from the island. At Yaku-shima Island, the spawning period of the species is in July and August.
Siphamia majimai Matsubara and Iwai, 1958
[Japanese name: Majimakuro-ishimochi](Figs. 41A–C)
Siphamia majimai Matsubara and Iwai, 1958:
603, fig.1 (type locality: Urasokari, Amamioshima Island, Japan, ca. 28°07’N, 129°20’E).
Material examined. BSKU 96557, 16.9 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20158, 20.3 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20211, 19.3 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22582, 16.9 mm SL, Isso.
Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 9; analfin rays II, 8; pectoral-fin rays 15; pelvic-fin raysI, 5; pored lateral-line scales 23; predorsal scales
6; circumpeduncular scales 12; total gill rakers
13–14, developed gill rakers 7–8; luminous organ

A

B

Fig. 40. Rhabdamia gracilis. A, off Isso, 20 m, 15 Sept.
2009, S. Harazaki; B, off Isso, 20 m, 15 Sept. 2009, S.
Harazaki.

inside translucent muscles of ventral body fromthroat to caudal peduncle; and blackish silver
body, with numerous small red spots on body andfins when fresh.
Remarks. Siphamia majimai is distributed in
the western Pacific from Australia to Japan (Randall et al., 1997a). In Japanese waters, this species
has been reported from the Ogasawara Islands(Randall et al., 1997b), Kashiwa-jima Island (Hirata et al., 1996), and the Ryukyu Islands [Amami-oshima Island (Matsubara and Iwai, 1958;
Hayashi, 2002), Tokashiki-jima Island (Watai etal., 2009), Miyako Group (Senou et al., 2007),and Iriomote-jima Island (Hayashi and Kishimoto,
1983; Hayashi, 2002)].
At Yaku-shima Island, specimens of S. majimai were collected from Isso and Yudomari, representing the first reliable records of the species
from the island. Siphamia majimai usually forms
a school with five or six individuals and lives
among spines of Diadema setosum at depths ofless than 15 m at Yaku-shima Island. This species
spawns in July and juveniles are observed in the
middle of summer at the island.

57

T. Yoshida et al.

AB

has been reported from Kashiwa-jima Island (Hirata et al., 1996; Hayashi, 2002).
Figure 42 represents the first confirmed recordof S. tubulata from Yaku-shima Island. Siphamia
tubulata is usually solitary in the shade of rocky
reefs at depths of 25–30 m at Yaku-shima Island.
A school with five or six young individuals wasobserved around Padina arborescens at depths of
25–30 m only once over the last six years of underwater observations.

C

Fig. 42. Siphamia tubulata. Off Isso, 25 m, 28 Oct. 2005, S.
Harazaki.

Siphamia versicolor (Smith and Radcliffe, 1911)[Japanese name: Hikari-ishimochi]
Fig. 41. Siphamia majimai. A, KAUM–I. 20158, 20.3mm SL, Yudomari; B, off Isso, 5 m, 6 June 2005, S.
Harazaki; C, off Isso, 5 m, 3 June 2006, S. Harazaki.

Siphamia tubulata (Weber, 1909)[Japanese name: Inazuma-hikari-ishimochi](Fig. 42)
Apogon tubulatus Weber 1909: 160 (type locality:
Sapeh Strait, Sumbawa Island, Lesser Sunda
Islands, Indonesia).
Remarks. The photographed individual (Fig.
42) is herein identified as Siphamia tubulata on
the basis of the unique coloration, viz., body silvery, mottled with reddish brown blotches. Specimens have not been collected from Yaku-shimaIsland.
Siphamia tubulata is distributed in the western Pacific, from Indonesia and Australia to Japan(Hayashi, 2002). In Japanese waters, this species
58

Amia versicolor Smith and Radcliffe in Radcliffe,
1911: 257, fig. 3 (type locality: Cataingan
Bay, Masbate, Philippines).
Siphamia versicolor: Ichikawa et al., 1992: 9(Yaku-shima Island, Japan).
Remarks. Identification of Ichikawa et al.’s(1992) S. versicolor is uncertain. The second
author has dived for fish watching around Yakushima Island almost everyday for six years, but
has never found the species.
Siphamia versicolor is widely distributed in
the Indo-West Pacific where it ranges from theGulf of Oman and Maldive Islands east to the
Caroline Islands, and north to Japan (Allen et al.,2005; Randall, 2005). In Japanese waters, thisspecies has been reported from the Izu Islands[Hachijo-jima Island (Senou et al., 2002)], theOgasawara Islands (Kuwamura et al., 1983; Randall et al., 1997b; Yoshigou and Nakamura, 2002),

Apogonid fishes in Yaku-shima Islandand the Ryukyu Islands [Yagaji-shima Island(Yoshigou and Nakamura, 2002; Yoshigou et al.,2005), Ie-jima Island (Senou et al., 2006a), Okinawa-jima Island (Yoshigou et al., 2005), Tokashikijima Island (Watai et al., 2009), and Iriomote-jimaIsland (Hayashi and Kishimoto, 1983)].
Conclusion
Fifteen genera with 94 species of the family
Apogonidae have been recorded from Japanesewaters (see Introduction). During this study, 45
species of the family were confirmed to occur
around Yaku-shima Island, representing nearly
half of all known Japanese species. Three species,
Apogon parvulus, A. selas and Siphamia versicolor, previously reported by Ichikawa et al. (1992)
and Kuniyasu (1999) from the island on the basisof underwater observations, were not observed orcollected during this study (2004–2010). Thirteenof the 45 species, Apogon apogonides, A. chrysotaenia, A. fasciatus, A. fraenatus, A. kallopterus,
A. notatus, A. semiornatus, Cheilodipterus artus,
C. intermedius, Foa brachygramma, Neamia
octospina, Rhabdamia gracilis, and Siphamia
tubulata, were herein recorded only on the basisof underwater photographs, and records of theremaining species were based on collected specimens. Twenty-seven species represent the firstrecords from Yaku-shima Island.
Recently, Yoshida and Motomura (2009)
considered the northernmost recorded range of
Apogon amboinensis to be Yaku-shima Island. In
addition, our survey revealed that the northward
distributional range of the following six species
extended to Yaku-shima Island: Apogon caudicinctus, A. chrysotaenia, A. exostigma, A. moluccensis, Neamia octospina, and Nectamia bandanensis. Of these, A. chrysotaenia was recorded
from Japanese waters for the first time. Althoughno specimens of three species, A. chrysotaenia, A.
exostigma, and N. octospina, were collected during this study, underwater photographs facilitatedtheir accurate identification. Siphamia tubulata,
reported only from Kashiwa-jima Island (Hirata etal., 1996; Hayashi, 2002) in Japanese waters, wasfound at Yaku-shima Island. Incidentally, none of
the 45 species found at Yaku-shima Island represents the southernmost record of the species.

Most of the 45 species found at Yaku-shimaIsland have been observed throughout the year atvarious life stages by scuba diving, with the exception of the following four: Apogon fasciatus, A.
cf taeniophorus, Neamia octospina, and Siphamia
tubulata. Only a single, small specimen of A. cf
taeniophorus was collected and no adults of thespecies have been observed or collected at theisland. The remaining three species have neverbeen collected and have been observed by scuba
diving only once for each species during the last
six years. This suggests that the four species weremost likely transported from around Taiwan or
China by the Kuroshio Current, which normallyflows well west of the Ryukyu Islands. It is highly
unlikely that these species reproduce aroundYaku-shima Island.
Although the second author has confirmed
by underwater observations for the last six years
that the following three species occur at Yakushima Island, no specimens or photographs ofthese species were taken from the island: Apogon
fukuii Hayashi, 1990 (Futasuji-ishimochi), A. rubrimacula Randall and Kulbicki, 1998 (Akahoshikinsen-ishimochi), and Pseudamia hayashii
Randall, Lachner, and Fraser, 1985 (Sabikudaribouzugisumodoki). These species may be collected from the island in future.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank M. Yamada (Kagoshima Aquarium, Japan), K. Hidaka, K. Miyamoto,
S. Yoshinaga, and K. Kudo (formerly MUFS),
H. Endo, E. Katayama, M. Nakayama, and M.
Yamamura (BSKU), K. Matsuura, G. Shinohara,
K. Kuriiwa, T. Sato, Y. Takata, and M. Nakae(NSMT), S. Kimura (FRLM), H. Senou (KPM), Y.
Iwatsuki and H. Izumi (MUFS), and G. Ogrihara,
M. Matsunuma, M. Meguro and M. Yamashita(KAUM) for their assistance with collecting
apogonid fishes from Yaku-shima Island during
this study. We are grateful to H. Senou (KPM)
for providing valuable information on taxonomy
of apogonids, M. McGrouther (AMS) for opportunity to examine two syntypes of Amia fasciata
stevensi, A. Y. Suzumoto (BPBM) for a specimenloan, T. Yoshino (Department of Chemistry, Biology and Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Uni59

T. Yoshida et al.

versity of the Ryukyus, Japan) and A. Yamane and
M. Kawakami (MUFS) for providing literature, I.
Takaku (Yakushima-Diving-Life, Japan) for providing an underwater photograph of Figure 39B,
T. Hashimoto (KAUM) for X-ray photographs,
G. Yearsley (Hobart, Australia) for checking ourmanuscript, and Y. Haraguchi (KAUM) and H.
Iwatsubo and T. Haraguchi (Kagoshima University, Japan) for their curatorial assistance. This
study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for
Scientific Research (A) (19208019) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo,
Japan, and a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)(19770067) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan.
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H. Motomura and K. Matsuura (eds) Fishes of Yaku-shima Island
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 10 March 2010

Annotated checklist of marine and estuarine fishesof Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima, southern Japan
Hiroyuki Motomura1*, Kaoru Kuriiwa2, Eri Katayama3, Hiroshi Senou4,
Gota Ogihara1, Masatoshi Meguro1, Mizuki Matsunuma1, Yohko Takata2,
Tomohiro Yoshida1, Masahiro Yamashita1, Seishi Kimura5, Hiromitsu Endo3,
Atsunobu Murase6, Yukio Iwatsuki7, You Sakurai8, Shigeru Harazaki9,
Kouichi Hidaka7, Hikaru Izumi7, and Keiichi Matsuura2
1

Kagoshima University Museum, 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
National Museum of Nature and Science, 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono, Kochi 780-8520 Japan
4
Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 499 Iryuda, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0031, Japan
5
Fisheries Research Laboratory, Mie University, 4190-172 Wagu, Shima, Mie 517-0703, Japan
6
Tateyama Station, Field Science Center, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 670 Banda, Tateyama, Chiba 294-0308, Japan
7
Division of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
8
Okinawa Environmental Research Co., Ltd., 2-6-19 Aja, Naha, Okinawa 900-0003, Japan
9
Diving Service Mori to Umi, 1559-1 Miyanoura, Yakushima, Kumage, Kagoshima 891-4205, Japan*
Corresponding author: e-mail: motomura@kaum.kagoshima-u.ac.jp23

Abstract An annotated checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima
Prefecture, southern Japan, was compiled from field and literature surveys. All registered specimens
previously recorded from Yaku-shima Island in published papers were re-examined. A total of 951
species (382 genera, 112 families, 24 orders), including 374 species that represent the first reliable
records from the island on the basis of collected specimens, are listed with citation of literature,registration numbers, sizes, localities in the island, nomenclatural and taxonomic remarks, and color
photographs if available. A new Japanese name is proposed for a bythitid, Alionematichthys piger.
Zoogeographical implications of the Yaku-shima Island ichthyofauna are discussed.
Key words: fish fauna, checklist, Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima, Japan, Kuroshio Current.

Introduction
In 1904–1905, Mr. Robert Anderson, who
was a graduate student of Stanford University andusually studied birds, collected fishes from Yakushima and Tanega-shima Islands, Kagoshima,
Japan. His collection was sent to the United States
National Museum and Stanford University. In
1906 Jordan and Starks reported 20 species offishes, including seven new species, from these islands on the basis of Anderson’s collection. Thirteen of the 20 species were described on the basisof specimens from Yaku-shima Island, and these
are currently deposited at the Museum Support
Center of the Smithsonian Institution National
Museum of Natural History, Suitland (formerly
United States National Museum) and the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco (allfish specimens moved from Stanford University
around 1969). These represent the oldest available
fish specimens from Yaku-shima Island.
After Jordan and Starks (1906), no comprehensive reports on fishes from Yaku-shima Island
were published for nearly 70 years until 1975.
Arai and Ida (1975) reported 143 species from
Yaku-shima and Tanega-shima Islands, 80 speciesof which were collected from Kusugawa on thenortheast coast of Yaku-shima Island. Although
Arai and Ida’s (1975) report was based on collected specimens, they gave no indication ofvoucher specimens, including registration numbers. However, most of their specimens were infact deposited at the National Museum of Natureand Science, Tokyo.
Recently, several reports on fishes from Yaku65

H. Motomura et al.

shima Island (e.g., Ichikawa et al., 1992; Kuniyasu, 1999; Matsumoto, 2001) were published by
local divers and nature guides. These were basedon underwater investigations, including underwater observations, photographs and movies, andobservation at local fish markets. Ichikawa et al.
(1992) provided a list of 580 species from Yakushima and Kuchierabu-shima Islands (the latter islocated off the northwest of Yaku-shima Island),including freshwater fishes and species reported
by Arai and Ida (1975). Ichikawa et al. (1992)
gave only Japanese and scientific names and 14
underwater photographs but no information on
observed fish sizes, localities, water depth, or
specimens of species listed. Subsequently, Kuniyasu (1999) reported 333 species from Kurio on
the southwest coast of Yaku-shima Island on thebasis of underwater observation; he also did notcollect any specimens. Matsumoto (2001–2005)
published a series of underwater photographs ofvarious Yaku-shima fish families, viz., Chaetodontidae (2001), Pomacanthidae (2002), Muraenidae(2004a), and Pomacentridae (2004b, 2005), but healso did not collect any specimens.
Since Yaku-shima Island is very importantand interesting zoogeographically (see below), we
made three large-scale Yaku-shima Expeditionsin 2008–2009 (8–13 August 2008, 28 October–4
November 2008, and 25 July–1 August 2009) toelucidate the island’s ichthyofauna and to clarify
the influence of the Kuroshio Current on the ichthyofauna of southern Japan. In the expeditions
and several small-scale surveys during this study,
4,386 specimens of 457 species of marine andestuarine fishes were collected, with 374 of the
457 species representing the first records from theisland based on collected specimens.
This paper provides a list of 951 species ofmarine and estuarine fishes (382 genera, 112 families and 24 orders) occurring off Yaku-shima Island on the basis of published papers, underwaterphotographs, and collected specimens, along withcolor photographs where available. Previously
reported specimens from Yaku-shima (Jordan andStarks, 1906; Arai and Ida, 1975) were re-identified during this study. The zoogeographical implications of the Yaku-shima Island ichthyofauna are
discussed.
66

Yaku-shima Island and Kuroshio Current
Yaku-shima Island is located at 30°20′N,
130°32′E, ca. 60 km off south–southwest ofOsumi Peninsula, Kagoshima Prefecture, southern
Kyushu, Japan. The island, roughly circular inshape and with an area of ca. 505 km² and several
mountains more than 1,000 m in height (highest
1,936 m), is the largest island in the Osumi Islands (and the ninth largest island in Japan). The
Osumi Islands, including Tanega-shima, Yakushima, and Kuchierabu-jima Islands, are often
treated as a part of the Ryukyu Islands, but the
Ryukyu Islands are biogeographically defined as
islands of Amami-oshima and southward. Yakushima Island, formed mostly of granite, has very
limited flatlands and in its entirety appears as one
large, steep mountain, with the mountain slope
continuing under the sea. Thus, shallow waters,coral reefs and sandy beaches are very limited;most coastal areas are occupied by rocky reefs.
Although such a monotonous environment in the
coastal areas of an oceanic island generally results
in a decrease in fish species diversity, Yaku-shimaIsland has a relatively higher diversity because
the island faces a warm, strong water current, theKuroshio Current, which brings tropical fishes
from the south.
The Kuroshio Current flows from off the eastof the Philippines to the Pacific coast of southern
Japan, via Taiwan and west of the Ryukyu Islands(Fig. 1). The northwardly flowing current off thewest of the Ryukyu Islands turns to the east andflows through the Tokara Islands (located between
Yaku-shima and Amami-oshima Islands) (Lee etal., 2001). The current then turns north again toward the Pacific coasts of the islands of Kyushu,
Shikoku, and Honshu (the main island of Japan)(Kamachi et al., 2004).
The Tokara Islands consist of 12 small islands
in a row extending ca. 160 km north to south.
There are two flow paths of the Kuroshio Current
through the Tokara Islands (Chaen and Ichikawa,
2001): the more southerly route takes the current
across the island chain from west to east around
Nakano-shima Island; and the other, more northerly, route flows along the southern coast of Yakushima Island. The current alternates between thetwo flow paths on a 30–50 days cycle. Changes inChecklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 1. Map of the East China Sea (from Kyushu to Taiwan) with the major water currents.

the flow path influence other minor water currents
in the area, especially the Osumi Branch Current flowing between Yaku-shima Island and thesouthern tip of Osumi Peninsula. During a period
when the Kuroshio Current flows around Yakushima Island, the Osumi Branch Current flows
northeastward from Yaku-shima Island to Osumi
Peninsula, but during a period when the Kuroshio
Current takes its more southerly route, the direction of the Osumi Branch current is irregularly
reversed to southwestward. So, the water currents
around Yaku-shima Island are complex, with theflow rates and directions changing with seasons,water temperatures, and winds. These factors produce a unique ichthyofauna off the island.
Materials and methods
The systematic arrangement of families follows Nelson (2006). Scientific names generally
followed Nakabo (2002) and Eschmeyer andFricke (2009), with some modifications by recent

published or unpublished taxonomic studies. Species in families are arranged in alphabetical orderby species name. Standard Japanese names (abbreviated as Jpn name) generally follow Nakabo(2002), and are transliterated using the Hepburn
system. Each species record was compiled fromvoucher specimens and literature sources related
to marine and estuarine fishes, including freshwa-

Fig. 2. Map of Yaku-shima Island. Names of places andrivers given in this map are used in text.

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H. Motomura et al.

ter fishes collected from estuaries. Each voucher
specimen includes registration number, number of
specimens registered if more than one, standard
length [abbreviated as SL; sometimes total length(TL) or disc width (DW)], and locality on Yakushima Island (Fig. 2). The list of specimens is followed by literature cited. Most specimens used inpreviously published papers were re-identified inthis study, and information on SL and locality of
the re-examined specimens are provided.
Specimens collected during the 2008–2009
Yaku-shima Expeditions have been depositedat collections of Laboratory of Marine Biology,
Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan (BSKU), Fisheries Research Laboratory, Mie
University, Shima, Japan (FRLM), Kagoshima
University Museum, Kagoshima, Japan (KAUM),
Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, Odawara, Japan (KPM), Division of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University ofMiyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan (MUFS), and National
Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan(NSMT). Other collections referred in this study
are as follows: Biological Laboratory, Akasaka
Imperial Palace, Imperial Household, Tokyo,
Japan (BLIP), California Academy of Sciences,
San Francisco, USA (CAS and SU), Kyushu
University Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (KYUM),
Osaka Museum of Natural History, Osaka, Japan(OMNH), Museum Support Center of the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural
History, Suitland, USA (USNM), and University
Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan(ZUMT).

Checklist
ORDER ORECTOLOBIFORMESFAMILY ORECTOLOBIDAE
Orectolobus japonicus Regan, 1906
[Jpn name: Ose] (Fig. 3)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY HEMISCYLLIIDAE
Chiloscyllium punctatum Müller and Henle, 1838
[Jpn name: Inuzame]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

68

Fig. 3. Orectolobus japonicus (off Isso, 8 m, 18 Jan. 2010,
S. Harazaki).

FAMILY RHINCODONTIDAE
Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828
[Jpn name: Jimbezame]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

ORDER LAMNIFORMESFAMILY ALOPIIDAE
Alopias pelagicus Nakamura, 1935
[Jpn name: Nitari]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY CETORHINIDAE
Cetorhinus maximus (Gunnerus, 1765)[Jpn name: Ubazame]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY LAMNIDAE
Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810
[Jpn name: Aozame]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

ORDER CARCHARHINIFORMESFAMILY PROSCYLLIIDAE
Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron and Lesueur, 1822)[Jpn name: Itachizame]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Proscyllium venustum (Tanaka, 1912)[Jpn name: Hyozame]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell, 1837)[Jpn name: Nemuribuka]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY SPHYRNIDAE
Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834)[Jpn name: Akashumokuzame]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

ORDER MYLIOBATIFORMESFAMILY DASYATIDAE
Dasyatis akajei (Müller and Henle, 1841)[Jpn name: Akaei]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Dasyatis kuhlii (Müller and Henle, 1841)[Jpn name: Yakkoei] (Fig. 4)
MUFS 25616, 719.5 mm DW, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

FAMILY MEGALOPIDAE
Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet, 1782)[Jpn name: Isegoi] (Fig. 5)
KAUM–I. 24677, 120.8 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 24678, 61.4 mm SL, Ambo.

Fig. 5. Megalops cyprinoides (KAUM–I. 24677, 120.8 mm
SL, preserved specimen).

FAMILY ALBULIDAE
Albula forsteri Valenciennes, 1847
[Jpn name: Sotoiwashi] (Fig. 6)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Hidaka et al. (2004): Isso.
Remarks: Hidaka et al. (2008) regarded Albula
argenteus (Schneider, 1801) as a junior synonymof Albula forsteri.

Fig. 6. Albula forsteri (off Isso; after Hidaka et al., 2004).
Fig. 4. Dasyatis kuhlii (MUFS 25616, 719.5 mm DW).

FAMILY MYLIOBATIDAE
Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790)[Jpn name: Madaratobiei]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

ORDER ELOPIFORMESFAMILY ELOPIDAE
Elops hawaiensis Regan, 1909
[Jpn name: Karaiwashi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

ORDER ANGUILLIFORMESFAMILY ANGUILLIDAE
Anguilla bicolor pacifica Schmidt, 1928
[Jpn name: Nyuginiaunagi] (Fig. 7)
Yamamoto et al. (2000): 19 specimens from
Miyanoura—NSMT–PL 100, 46.5–51.5 mm TL;
OMHN–P 11281, 48.4 mm TL; OMHN–P 11282,
47.5 mm TL; OMHN–P 11283, 48.4 mm TL;
OMHN–P 11284, 48.1 mm TL; OMHN–P 11285–
11287, 49.9–50.3 mm TL; OMHN–P 11288, 51.0mm TL. Yamamoto et al. (2001): 19 specimens,
same with Yamamoto et al. (2000).
69

H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 7. Anguilla bicolor pacifica (OMHN–P 11288, 51.0mm TL).

Anguilla japonica Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
[Jpn name: Unagi] (Fig. 8)
MUFS 25451, 121.6 mm SL, Kurio.
Jordan and Starks (1906): USNM 53542, 2
specimens, 247.1–256.5 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shimaIsland. Yamamoto et al. (2001): 1710 specimens,
Miyanoura (uncataloged at Kyushu University
Museum).

Fig. 10. Echidna nebulosa (KAUM–I. 21731, 222.4 mm
SL).

Echidna polyzona (Richardson, 1845)[Jpn name: Shimaarashiutsubo] (Fig. 11)
KAUM–I. 11559, 210.6 mm SL, Ambo;
KPM–NI 22503, 129.5 mm TL, Yudomari.

Fig. 8. Anguilla japonica (MUFS 25451, 121.6 mm SL,
preserved specimen).

Anguilla marmorata Quoy and Gaimard, 1824
[Jpn name: Ounagi] (Fig. 9)
KYUM–PI–2541, 92.0 mm TL, mouth of Kurio River.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Yamamoto et al. (2001): 340 specimens, Miyanoura(uncataloged at Kyushu University Museum).

Fig. 11. Echidna polyzona (KAUM–I. 11559, 210.6 mm
SL).

Enchelycore schismatorhynchus (Bleeker, 1853)[Jpn name: Hidautsubo] (Fig. 12)
KAUM–I. 20238, 366.3 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 9. Anguilla marmorata (KYUM–PI–2541, 92.0 mm
TL, preserved specimen).

FAMILY MURAENIDAE
Echidna nebulosa (Ahl, 1789)[Jpn name: Kumoutsubo] (Fig. 10)
FRLM 34742, 123.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11345, 113.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11346,
119.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11560, 111.6 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 21731, 222.4 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2004a): Mugio.

70

Fig. 12. Enchelycore schismatorhynchus (KAUM–I.
20238, 366.3 mm SL, preserved specimen).

Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw, 1797)[Jpn name: Zeburautsubo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2004a): Yudomari.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Gymnothorax chilospilus Bleeker, 1864
[Jpn name: Minamiutsubo] (Fig. 13)
KAUM–I. 11299, 131.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
NSMT–P 68026, 150.6 mm SL, Onoaida; NSMT–P 95398, 343.1 mm SL, Haruo.

Fig. 13. Gymnothorax chilospilus (KAUM–I. 11299, 131.5mm SL).

Gymnothorax chlorostigma (Kaup, 1856)[Jpn name: Hanabirautsubo]
Matsumoto (2004a): Kurio.
Remarks: Gymnothorax chlorostigma wassynonymized with Gymnothorax meleagris by
Böhlke and Randall (2000), but Hatooka (2002)
regarded the former as a valid species.
Gymnothorax enigmaticus McCosker and Randall, 1982
[Jpn name: Shimautsubo] (Fig. 14)
KAUM–I. 11347, 105.5 mm SL, Kurio.

Gymnothorax fimbriatus (Bennett, 1832)[Jpn name: Herigoishiutsubo] (Fig. 15)
KAUM–I. 11130, 171.2 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11216, 154.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11554, 398.9 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11555,
402.1 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11556, 424.2mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11557, 320.9 mm SL,
Ambo; KAUM–I. 11561, 150.5 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11562, 178.2 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 21733, 338.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21798,132.0 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22502, 222.8 mm
TL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 95417, 782.7 mm SL,
Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2004a): Isso.

Fig. 15. Gymnothorax fimbriatus (KPM–NI 22502, 222.8mm TL).

Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830)[Jpn name: Gomautsubo] (Fig. 16)
FRLM 34684, 109.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11191, 98.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11339,
98.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11599, 233.0 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20234, 56.3 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 20235, 209.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 20236, 134.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20237,
105.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21806, 281.0mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95416, 447.0 mm SL,
Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2004a, as Gymnothorax lavimarginatus): Yudomari.

Fig. 16. Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (KAUM–I. 20235,
209.0 mm SL).
Fig. 14. Gymnothorax enigmaticus (KAUM–I. 11347,
105.5 mm SL).

71

H. Motomura et al.

Gymnothorax isingteena (Richardson, 1845)[Jpn name: Nisegoishiutsubo] (Fig. 17)
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Gymnothorax
melanospilos): Yaku-shima Island. Matsumoto(2004a): Kurio.
Remarks: Böhlke and McCosker (2001)
regarded Gymnothorax melanospilos (Bleeker,
1855) as a junior synonym of Gymnothorax isingteena, but Hatooka (2002) treated the former as avalid species.

Gymnothorax meleagris (Shaw, 1795)[Jpn name: Wakautsubo] (Fig. 18)
FRLM 34743, 418.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11140, 233.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11200,
277.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11284, 255.0 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11340, 457.9 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 11390, 457.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11460, 179.3 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–
I. 11461, 216.4 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11462,
341.6 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11480, 294.1 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11558, 347.2 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 20239, 372.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21730, 475.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21752,
475.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21799, 83.1 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21800, 88.8 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 22818, 99.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 22819, 75.7 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 68025,
229.8 mm SL, Miyanoura; NSMT–P 95419, 370.0
mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95420, 393.9 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 95421, 390.4 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 95422, 2 specimens, 303.0–326.1 mm
SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2004a): Mugio.

Fig. 17. Gymnothorax isingteena (off Isso, 10 m, 24 Dec.
2009, S. Harazaki).

Gymnothorax kidako (Temminck and Schlegel, 1847)[Jpn name: Utsubo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2004a): Yudomari.
Gymnothorax melanospilos (Bleeker, 1855)[Jpn name: Dokuutsubo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Gymnothorax javanicus): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999,
as Gymnothorax javanicus): Kurio. Matsumoto(2004a): Kurio.
Gymnothorax melatremus Schultz, 1953
[Jpn name: Himeutsubo]
Matsumoto (2004a): Nagata.

72

Fig. 18. Gymnothorax meleagris (KAUM–I. 11340, 457.9mm SL).

Gymnothorax nudivomer (Günther, 1867)[Jpn name: Adeutsubo]
Matsumoto (2004a): Isso.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl, 1789)[Jpn name: Aseutsubo] (Fig. 19)
KAUM–I. 11552, 518.0 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11553, 371.0 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 21801, 104.7 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 19. Gymnothorax pictus (KAUM–I. 21801, 104.7 mm
SL).

Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (Richardson, 1845)[Jpn name: Sabiutsubo] (Fig. 20)
KAUM–I. 21732, 258.4 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004a):
Isso.

Fig. 21. Muraena pardalis (KAUM–I. 11298, 74.9 mm
SL).

Fig. 20. Gymnothorax thyrsoideus (KAUM–I. 21732,
258.4 mm SL).

Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacepède, 1803)[Jpn name: Namiutsubo]
Matsumoto (2004a): Isso.
Gymnothorax zonipectis Seale, 1906
[Jpn name: Hireobiutsubo]
Matsumoto (2004a): Isso.
Muraena pardalis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)[Jpn name: Torautsubo] (Fig. 21)
KAUM–I. 11298, 74.9 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2004a): Hirauchi.
Rhinomuraena quaesita Garman, 1888
[Jpn name: Hanahigeutsubo] (Fig. 22)
Matsumoto (2004a): Isso.
Scuticaria tigrina (Lesson, 1828)[Jpn name: Moyokikaiutsubo]
Matsumoto (2004a): Isso.

Fig. 22. Rhinomuraena quaesita (upper: off Isso, 18 m, 2
Mar. 2005, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 12 m, 3 Mar.
2005, S. Harazaki).

Uropterygius macrocephalus (Bleeker, 1865)[Jpn name: Hoshikikaiutsubo] (Fig. 23)
KAUM–I. 11402, 63.4 mm SL, Kurio.

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H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 25. Leiuranus semicinctus (KAUM–I. 11600, 213.0mm SL).

Fig. 23. Uropterygius macrocephalus (KAUM–I. 11402,
63.4 mm SL).

Uropterygius micropterus (Bleeker, 1852)[Jpn name: Amikikaiutsubo] (Fig. 24)
NSMT–P 77568, 294.6 mm TL, Kurio.

Myrichthys maculosus (Cuvier, 1816)[Jpn name: Goishiumihebi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Myrichthys aki):Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: Myrichthys aki Tanaka 1917 is ajunior synonym of Myrichthys maculosus.
Pisodonophis cancrivorus (Richardson, 1848)[Jpn name: Minamihotateumihebi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY CONGRIDAE
Conger japonicus Bleeker, 1879
[Jpn name: Kuroanago] (Fig. 26)
KAUM–I. 20110, 277.5 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 26. Conger japonicus (KAUM–I. 20110, 277.5 mm
SL).
Fig. 24. Uropterygius micropterus (NSMT–P 77568, 294.6
mm TL).

FAMILY OPHICHTHIDAE
Leiuranus semicinctus (Lay and Bennett, 1839)[Jpn name: Soraumihebi] (Fig. 25)
KAUM–I. 11600, 213.0 mm SL, Ambo.
Myrichthys colubrinus (Boddaert, 1781)[Jpn name: Shimaumihebi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
74

Heteroconger hassi (Klausewitz and Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1959)[Jpn name: Chin-anago] (Fig. 27)

ORDER CLUPEIFORMESFAMILY CLUPEIDAE
Sardinops melanostictus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)[Jpn name: Maiwashi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 27. Heteroconger hassi (off Isso, 16 m, 19 Jan. 2010, S.
Harazaki).

Spratelloides gracilis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)[Jpn name: Kibinago]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999, as Spratelloides sp.): Kurio.
MOSC (2002): Isso, Ambo and Kurio.
FAMILY CHANIDAE
Chanos chanos (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Sabahi]
Senta and Hirai (1981): 65 specimens, lessthan 16 mm TL, Miyanoura.

ORDER SILURIFORMESFAMILY PLOTOSIDAE
Plotosus japonicus Yoshino and Kishimoto, 2008
[Jpn name: Gonzui] (Fig. 28)
KAUM–I. 11165, 68.4 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11286, 133.1 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11624, 128.6 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11625, 60.6 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11626, 113.2 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11627, 118.2 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11628, 115 mm SL, Yudomari;

KAUM–I. 11629, 61.9 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11630, 58.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11631, 59.7 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11632, 58.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11633, 57.7 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11634, 59.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11635, 57.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11636, 60.9 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11637, 62.6 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11638, 62.1 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11639, 61.2 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11640, 60.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11641, 63.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11642, 59.3 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11643, 57.7 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11644, 61.9 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11645, 58.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11646, 57.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11647, 56.2 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11648, 54.3 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11649, 59.7 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11650, 60.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20091, 141.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20144, 153.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 21753, 58.9 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
91358, 70 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91359,
65 specimens, 23–70 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91379, 30 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91499,
32 specimens, 31–134 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
91501, 71 mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Plotosus anguillicaudatus): Kusugawa (one specimen was reported,
but not found at NSMT). Ichikawa et al. (1992, as
Plotosus lineatus): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu(1999, as Plotosus lineatus): Kurio.

Fig. 28. Plotosus japonicus (KAUM–I. 11625, 60.6 mm
SL).

75

H. Motomura et al.

ORDER OSMERIFORMESFAMILY OSMERIDAE
Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
[Jpn name: Ayu]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Yonezawa (2003b): Isso, Miyanoura, Ambo andKurio Rivers.

ORDER AULOPIFORMESFamily SYNODONTIDAE
Saurida gracilis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)[Jpn name: Madaraeso] (Fig. 29)
FRLM 34708, 167.3 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 29. Saurida gracilis (FRLM 34708, 167.3 mm SL).

Synodus dermatogenys Fowler, 1912
[Jpn name: Minamiakaeso] (Fig. 30)
KAUM–I. 11301, 135.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11302, 144.4 mm SL, Yudomari.
Kuniyasu (1999, as Synodus variegatus): Kurio.

Fig. 30. Synodus dermatogenys (KAUM–I. 11301, 135.5mm SL).

Synodus fuscus Tanaka, 1917
[Jpn name: Sunaeso] (Fig. 31)
BSKU 96635, 104.3 mm SL, Isso.

Fig. 31. Synodus fuscus (BSKU 96635, 104.3 mm SL).

76

Synodus jaculum Russell and Cressey, 1979
[Jpn name: Oguroeso]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Synodus ulae Schultz, 1953
[Jpn name: Akaeso] (Fig. 32)
KPM–NI 24258, 185.2 mm SL, Yoshida; NSMT–P 58106, 139.5 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 96391, 165.7 mm SL, mouth of Tainoko River.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 32. Synodus ulae (KPM–NI 24258, 185.2 mm SL).

Synodus variegatus (Lacepède, 1803)[Jpn name: Hitosujieso]
Kuniyasu (1999, as Synodus englemani): Kurio.
Remarks: Kuniyasu’s (1999) identification is
uncertain.
Trachinocephalus myops (Forster, 1801)[Jpn name: Okieso]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

ORDER LAMPRIFORMESFAMILY LAMPRIDAE
Lampris guttatus (Brünnich, 1788)[Jpn name: Akamambo] (Fig. 33)
KAUM–I. 24997, ca. 1000 mm SL, off Isso(preserved caudal fin only).
Remarks: This specimen was collected byhand on 29 May 2007 from water surface off Isso
(30°46′N, 130°47′E) where the fish drifted in astate of suspended animation.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

ORDER OPHIDIIFORMESFAMILY OPHIDIIDAE
Brotula multibarbata Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
[Jpn name: Itachiuo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 33. Lampris guttatus (KAUM–I. 24997, preserved
caudal fin only).

ORDER GADIFORMESFAMILY MACROURIDAE
Hymenocephalus lethonemus Jordan and Gilbert, 1904
[Jpn name: Itodara] (Fig. 34)
NSMT–P 94418, 5 specimens, 129.2–172.7
mm (lacking posterior portion of caudal peduncle), off east of Yaku-shima Island.

FAMILY BYTHITIDAE
Alionematichthys piger (Alcock, 1890)[New Jpn name: Hadakaryukyuitachiuo] (Fig. 36)
Møller et al. (2008): KAUM–I. 11482, 58.6mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11483, 52.1 mm SL,
Isso.
Remarks: Møller et al. (2008) redescribed
Dinematichthys piger Alcock as a member of Alionematichthys, based on 2288 specimens, including several specimens from the Ryukyu Islands,
two of which were collected from Yaku-shimaIsland. The Yaku-shima specimens represent thenorthernmost records of the species. A new standard Japanese name, Hadaka-ryukyu-itachiuo, is
proposed here for the species because it can easily
be distinguished from A. riukiuensis, a congener
co-ocurring in Japan, by lacking scales above theopercular spine (vs. scales present in the latter).

Fig. 34. Hymenocephalus lethonemus (NSMT–P 94418,
129.2 mm, preserved specimen).

Nezumia condylura Jordan and Gilbert, 1904
[Jpn name: Nezumidara] (Fig. 35)
NSMT–P 94557, 2 specimens, 127.3–149.0
mm (lacking posterior portion of caudal peduncle), off east of Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 36. Alionematichthys piger (KAUM–I. 11482, 58.6mm SL, preserved specimen).

Alionematichthys riukiuensis (Aoyagi, 1954)[Jpn name: Ryukyuitachiuo] (Fig. 37)
Møller et al. (2008): KAUM–I. 11459, 62.7mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11484, 56.4 mm SL,
Isso.
Remarks: This species, previously classified
in the genus Dinematichthys, was transferred toa new genus, Alionematichthys, by Møller et al.
(2008).

Fig. 35. Nezumia condylura (NSMT–P 94557, 149.0 mm,
preserved specimen).

77

H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 37. Alionematichthys riukiuensis (KAUM–I. 11459,
62.7 mm SL).

Diancistrus fuscus (Fowler, 1946)[Jpn name: Sangoitachiuo] (Fig. 38)
KAUM–I. 11279, 54.3 mm SL, Yudomari.
Remarks: This species has been regarded asa species of Brotulina (e.g., Nielsen et al., 1999;
Nakabo, 2002), but Schwarzhans et al. (2005)
considered it a species of Diancistrus.
Fig. 39. Antennarius commerson (off Isso, 25 m, 8 Apr.
2007, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 38. Diancistrus fuscus (KAUM–I. 11279, 54.3 mm
SL).

ORDER LOPHIIFORMESFamily ANTENNARIIDAE
Antennarius commerson (Latreille, 1804)[Jpn name: Omonkaeruanko] (Fig. 39)
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Antennarius moluccensis): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 40. Antennarius maculatus (off Isso, 5 m, 28 Apr.
2007, S. Harazaki).

Antennarius maculatus (Desjardins, 1840)[Jpn name: Kumadorikaeruanko] (Fig. 40)
Antennarius pictus (Shaw, 1794)[Jpn name: Irokaeruanko] (Fig. 41)
KAUM–I. 20230, 50.6 mm SL, Kurio.
Histrio histrio (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Hanaokoze] (Fig. 42)
KPM–NI 24779, 14.9 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

78

Fig. 41. Antennarius pictus (KAUM–I. 20230, 50.6 mm
SL).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Furaibora] (Fig. 44)
KAUM–I. 11159, 85.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11173, 43.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11174, 35.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20540,
40.3 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91667, 79.3mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17814, 52.0mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yakushima Island. MOSC (2002): Isso, Ambo and Kurio.

Fig. 44. Crenimugil crenilabis (NSMT–P 91667, 79.3 mm
SL).

Fig. 42. Histrio histrio (upper: KPM–NI 24779, 14.9 mm
SL; lower: off Isso, 1 m, 8 Apr. 2007, S. Harazaki).

ORDER MUGILIFORMESFAMILY MUGILIDAE
Chelon macrolepis (Smith, 1846)[Jpn name: Kobora] (Fig. 43)
KAUM–I. 11157, 106.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11319, 33.8 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 11768, 24.0 mm SL, Nagakubo; KAUM–I.
15587, 48.7 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–
I. 24683, 41.9 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River;
KAUM–I. 24684, 42.0 mm SL, mouth of Kurio
River; KAUM–I. 24685, 41.4 mm SL, mouth of
Kurio River; NSMT–P 91597, 62 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91598, 7 specimens, 33–76mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91665, 97 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 91666, 4 specimens, 61–101 mm
SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91669, 108.5 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 43. Chelon macrolepis (KAUM–I. 11157, 106.9 mm
SL, preserved specimen).

Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825)[Jpn name: Onibora]
Arai and Ida (1975, as Chelon vaigiensis):
Kusugawa [two specimens (20–36 mm TL) werereported, but not found at NSMT].
Moolgarda engeli (Bleeker 1858-59)[Jpn name: Monnashibora] (Fig. 45)
KAUM–I. 24736, 25.3 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24737, 26.0 mm SL, mouthof Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24742, 22.0 mm SL,
mouth of Kurio River.

Fig. 45. Moolgarda engeli (KAUM–I. 24736, 25.3 mm SL,
preserved specimen).

79H. Motomura et al.

Moolgarda perusii (Valenciennes, 1836)[Jpn name: Nan-yobora] (Fig. 46)
KAUM–I. 24738, 25.2 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24739, 23.4 mm SL, mouthof Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24740, 22.1 mm SL,
mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24741, 24.4 mm
SL, mouth of Kurio River.

NSMT–P 91598, 7 specimens, 31.5–75.0 mm SL,
Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91665, 95.7 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 91666, 3 specimens, 88.9–99.7 mm SL,
Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 46. Moolgarda perusii (KAUM–I. 24741, 24.4 mm
SL, preserved specimen).
Fig. 48. Mugil cephalus cephalus (KAUM–I. 20064, 131.9mm SL).

Moolgarda seheli (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Taiwammenada] (Fig. 47)
KAUM–I. 11321, 54.1 mm SL, Nagakubo;
KAUM–I. 21739, 27.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21740, 26.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24735,
27.4 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River.

ORDER ATHERINIFORMESFAMILY ATHERINIDAE
Atherinomorus lacunosus (Forster, 1801)[Jpn name: Yakushimaiwashi] (Fig. 49)
KPM–NI 23005, 127.8 mm SL, mouth of Nagata River.
Jordan and Starks (1906), Kimura et al. (2007):
SU 9354, holotype of Atherina morrisi Jordan andStarks, 1906, 102 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 47. Moolgarda seheli (KAUM–I. 11321, 54.1 mm
SL).

Fig. 49. Atherinomorus lacunosus (KPM–NI 23005, 127.8mm SL).

Mugil cephalus cephalus Linnaeus, 1758
[Jpn name: Bora] (Fig. 48)
KAUM–I. 11769, 23.0 mm SL, Nagakubo;
KAUM–I. 15417, 136.4 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; KAUM–I. 15418, 74.4 mm SL, Yakushima Island; KAUM–I. 15425, 137.0 mm SL,
Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15428, 102.8 mm
SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 20064, 131.9mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 24686, 79.2 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 24687, 71.1mm SL, Ambo;
KPM–NI 24659, 293.0 mm SL, mouth of Ambo
River; NSMT–P 91597, 61.5 mm SL, Nagakubo;
80

Atherion elymus Jordan and Starks, 1901
[Jpn name: Mugiiwashi] (Fig. 50)
BSKU 96892, 29.3 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM
34645, 30.2 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34646, 30.4mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34647, 34.5 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34648, 33.9 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM
34649, 31.0 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34650, 49
specimens, 20.2–31.9 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM
34671, 23.3 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34720, 34.2

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11403, 35.2 mm SL,
Kurio Beach; KAUM–I. 11405, 29.4 mm SL, Kurio Beach; KAUM–I. 11406, 27.9 mm SL, Kurio
Beach; KAUM–I. 11412, 24.2 mm SL, Kurio
Beach; KAUM–I. 11414, 29.8 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 20250, 25.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 20334, 35.7 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 20335,
29.7 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 20336, 34.7 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 20337, 29.7 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 20338, 28.7 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
21830, 28.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23549,
28.6 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 50. Atherion elymus (KAUM–I. 20250, 25.7 mm SL).

Hypoatherina valenciennei (Bleeker, 1853)[Jpn name: Togoroiwashi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

ORDER BELONIFORMESFAMILY EXOCOETIDAE
Cheilopogon agoo (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)[Jpn name: Tobiuo] (Fig. 51)
Jordan and Starks (1906): USNM 53535,
259.7 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. Ichikawa et al.
(1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 52. Cheilopogon cyanopterus (NSMT–P 95149, 264.1
mm SL).

Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus japonicus (Franz, 1910)[Jpn name: Hamatobiuo] (Fig. 53)
NSMT–P 64314, 294.8 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 53. Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus japonicus (NSMT–P
64314, 294.8 mm SL, preserved specimen).

Cheilopogon furcatus furcatus (Mitchill, 1815)[Jpn name: Omenatsutobi] (Fig. 54)
NSMT–P 95150, 278.6 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; NSMT–P 95151, 288.2 mm SL, Yakushima Island.
Remarks: This species has been regarded as
Cypselurus antoncichi Woods and Schultz, 1953
by numerous authors, but Parin (2009) recently
synonymized it with C. furcatus.

Fig. 51. Cheilopogon agoo (USNM 53535, 259.7 mm SL,
preserved specimen).

Cheilopogon cyanopterus (Valenciennes, 1847)[Jpn name: Karasutobiuo] (Fig. 52)
NSMT–P 95149, 264.1 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 54. Cheilopogon furcatus furcatus (NSMT–P 95150,
278.6 mm SL).

81

H. Motomura et al.

Cypselurus furcatus fisunovi (Parin and Belyanina, 1998)[Jpn name: Shirofuchitobiuo]
KAUM–I. 8368, 201.6 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland.
Cypselurus heterurus doederleini (Steindachner, 1887)[Jpn name: Tsukushitobiuo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Cypselurus poecilopterus (Valenciennes, 1847)[Jpn name: Ayatobiuo] (Fig. 55)
KAUM–I. 21944, 162.7 mm SL, Yaku–shimaIsland; NSMT–P 95152, 162.6 mm SL, Yakushima Island; NSMT–P 95153, 2 specimens,
165.5–171.9 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Parexocoetus brachypterus brachypterus (Richardson, 1846)[Jpn name: Tsumaritobiuo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY HEMIRAMPHIDAE
Euleptorhamphus viridis (van Hasselt, 1823)[Jpn name: Tozayori]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Hemiramphus lutkei Valenciennes, 1847
[Jpn name: Nan-yosayori]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Oxyporhamphus micropterus micropterus (Valenciennes, 1847)[Jpn name: Sayoritobiuo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY BELONIDAE
Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846)[Jpn name: Hamadatsu]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 55. Cypselurus poecilopterus (KAUM–I. 21944, 162.7mm SL).

Platybelone argalus platyura (Bennett,1832)[Jpn name: Himedatsu]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Exocoetus monocirrhus Richardson, 1846
[Jpn name: Hagoromotobiuo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Tylosurus acus melanotus (Bleeker, 1850)[Jpn name: Tenjikudatsu] (Fig. 57)
KAUM–I. 1898, 131.2 mm SL, Yudomari;
KPM–NI 24669, 714.8 mm SL, Onoaida.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Hirundichthys speculiger (Valenciennes, 1847)[Jpn name: Ninojitobiuo] (Fig. 56)
KAUM–I. 15868, 46.0 mm SL, off northwestof Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15895, 62.8 mm
SL, off northwest of Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–
I. 15921 83.7 mm SL, off northwest of Yakushima Island.

Fig. 56. Hirundichthys speculiger (KAUM–I. 15895, 62.8mm SL, preserved specimen).

82

Fig. 57. Tylosurus acus melanotus (KPM–NI 24669, 714.8mm SL).

Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus (Péron and Lesueur, 1821)[Jpn name: Okizayori] (Fig. 58)
KAUM–I. 11141, 182.3 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 25228, 482.2 mm SL, Onoaida; KPM–
NI 24664, 419.0 mm SL, mouth of Nagata River;
KPM–NI 24668, 746.6 mm SL, Onoaida; KPM–
NI 24670, 613.6 mm SL, Onoaida; NSMT–P
96079, 412.7 mm SL, Ambo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Myripristis violacea Bleeker, 1851
[Jpn name: Seguromatsukasa] (Fig. 60)
Fig. 58. Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus (KPM–NI 24664,
419.0 mm SL).

FAMILY SCOMBERESOCIDAE
Cololabis saira (Brevoort 1856)[Jpn name: Samma]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
ORDER BERYCIFORMESFAMILY MONOCENTRIDAE
Monocentris japonica (Houttuyn, 1782)[Jpn name: Matsukasauo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY HOLOCENTRIDAE
Myripristis berndti Jordan and Evermann, 1903
[Jpn name: Akamatsukasa]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 60. Myripristis violacea (off Isso, 6 m, 29 Dec. 2008, S.
Harazaki).

Ostichthys japonicus (Cuvier, 1829)[Jpn name: Ebisudai] (Fig. 61)
KAUM–I. 7411, 308.4 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland.

Myripristis botche Cuvier, 1829
[Jpn name: Urokomatsukasa]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Myripristis kuntee Valenciennes, 1831
[Jpn name: Kuroobimatsukasa]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Myripristis murdjan (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Yogorematsukasa] (Fig. 59)
KAUM–I. 11463, 108.0 mm SL, Isso.

Fig. 61. Ostichthys japonicus (KAUM–I. 7411, 308.4 mm
SL).

Sargocentron caudimaculatum (Rüppell, 1838)[Jpn name: Kurakakeebisu]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Sargocentron diadema (Lacepède, 1802)[Jpn name: Nijiebisu] (Fig. 62)
BSKU 96594, 112.7 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 59. Myripristis murdjan (KAUM–I. 11463, 108.0 mm
SL).

83

H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 62. Sargocentron diadema (BSKU 96594, 112.7 mm
SL, preserved specimen).

Sargocentron ittodai (Jordan and Fowler, 1902)[Jpn name: Teriebisu] (Fig. 63)
FRLM 34728, 149.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11271, 148.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I.
11342, 161.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20021,
113.2 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20323, 132.2mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24227, 134.9 mm SL,
Onoaida; KPM–NI 24941, 139.7 mm SL, Onoaida; NSMT–P 95400, 149.5 mm SL, Miyanoura;
NSMT–P 95410, 3 specimens, 135.3–145.4 mm
SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 64. Sargocentron melanospilos (NSMT–P 77634,
202.0 mm SL).

Sargocentron praslin (Lacepède, 1802)[Jpn name: Kuroobiebisu] (Fig. 65)
KAUM–I. 11531, 44.5 mm SL, Ambo;
NSMT–P 95414, 187.1 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
95437, 115.8 mm SL, Haruo.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Holocentrus ruber):
NSMT–P 58120, 76.2 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58136, 77.0 mm SL, Kusugawa.

Fig. 63. Sargocentron ittodai (KAUM–I. 20021, 113.2 mm
SL).

Sargocentron melanospilos (Bleeker, 1858)[Jpn name: Sumitsukikanoko] (Fig. 64)
NSMT–P 77634, 202.0 mm SL, Nanase.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

84

Fig. 65. Sargocentron praslin (upper: KAUM–I. 11531,
44.5 mm SL; lower: NSMT–P 95414, 187.1 mm SL).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Sargocentron punctatissimum (Cuvier, 1829)[Jpn name: Hoshiebisu] (Fig. 66)
FRLM 34729, 117.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11255, 131.0 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I.
11341, 129.5 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25545, 130.4mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91502, 126 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 91503, 2 specimens, 115–117mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95412, 2 specimens,
101.8–126.2 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95456,
45.4 mm SL, Haruo.

Fig. 68. Parazen pacificus (USNM 118007, 128.4 mm SL,
preserved specimen).

ORDER GASTEROSTEIFORMESFAMILY SOLENOSTOMIDAE
Solenostomus cyanopterus Bleeker, 1854
[Jpn name: Kamisoriuo] (Fig. 69)

Fig. 66. Sargocentron punctatissimum (KAUM–I. 11255,
131.0 mm SL).

Sargocentron spiniferum (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Togariebisu] (Fig. 67)
FRLM 34721, 297.0 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 69. Solenostomus cyanopterus (off Isso, 15 m, 17 June
2009, S. Harazaki).

Solenostomus paradoxus (Pallas, 1770)[Jpn name: Nishikifuraiuo] (Fig. 70)

Fig. 67. Sargocentron spiniferum (FRLM 34721, 297.0 mm
SL).

ORDER ZEIFORMESFAMILY PARAZENIDAE
Parazen pacificus Kamohara, 1935
[Jpn name: Benimatodai] (Fig. 68)
USNM 118007, 128.4 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland.

Fig. 70. Solenostomus paradoxus (off Isso, 6 m, 29 Dec.
2008, S. Harazaki).

85

H. Motomura et al.

FAMILY SYNGNATHIDAE
Corythoichthys amplexus Dawson and Randall, 1975
[Jpn name: Obiishiyoji]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Corythoichthys haematopterus (Bleeker, 1851)[Jpn name: Ishiyoji] (Fig. 71)
KAUM–I. 20342, 97.2 mm SL, Isso; KPM–
NI 22572, 103.1 mm SL, Isso.

Fig. 73. Doryrhamphus excisus excisus (KAUM–I. 11324,
56.8 mm SL).

Doryrhamphus japonicus Araga and Yoshino, 1975
[Jpn name: Nokogiriyoji] (Fig. 74)
KAUM–I. 11196, 72.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11323, 65.0 mm SL, Nagakubo;
KAUM–I. 20541, 70.8 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20542, 62.2 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 21802, 54.7 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 71. Corythoichthys haematopterus (KAUM–I. 20342,
97.2 mm SL).
Fig. 74. Doryrhamphus japonicus (KAUM–I. 11323, 65.0mm SL).

Corythoichthys schultzi Herald, 1953
[Jpn name: Kuchinagaishiyoji]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Choeroichthys sculptus (Günther, 1870)[Jpn name: Chigoyoji] (Fig. 72)
KAUM–I. 21772, 57.2 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–
NI 24903, 67.0 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 24904,
60.5 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 72. Choeroichthys sculptus (KAUM–I. 21772, 57.2mm SL).

Doryrhamphus excisus excisus Kaup, 1856
[Jpn name: Hibashiyoji] (Fig. 73)
KAUM–I. 11324, 56.8 mm SL, Nagakubo;
KAUM–I. 11533, 48.6 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
21831, 51.7 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95453, 52.1mm SL, Haruo.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Doryrhamphus melanopleura): Kusugawa (one specimen was reported,
but not found at NSMT).

86

Dunckerocampus dactyliophorus (Bleeker, 1853)[Jpn name: Oiran-yoji] (Fig. 75)
BSKU 96541, 134.5 mm SL, Yudomari.

Fig. 75. Dunckerocampus dactyliophorus (BSKU 96541,
134.5 mm SL).

Hippocampus bargibanti Whitley 1970
[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 76)
Remarks: This species has been recorded
along the Pacific coast of Japan, and the Izu, Ogasawara, and Ryukyu Islands (Senou et al., 2002,
2006a). No specimens have been collected from
Yaku-shima Island, although this species is relatively common in the island in depths of 25–30 m.
Hippocampus histrix Kaup, 1856
[Jpn name: Ibaratatsu]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Hippocampus kelloggi Jordan and Snyder, 1901
[Jpn name: Oumiuma] (Fig. 77)
KAUM–I. 21741, 208.7 mm, mouth of Ambo
River.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Hippichthys spicifer (Rüppell, 1838)[Jpn name: Kawayoji] (Fig. 78)
KAUM–I. 21593, 107.0 mm SL, mouth ofAmbo River; KAUM–I. 21594, 107.7 mm SL,
mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77932, 90.8 mm
SL, mouth of Ambo River.

Fig. 78. Hippichthys spicifer (KAUM–I. 21594, 107.7 mm
SL).

Fig. 76. Hippocampus bargibanti (off Isso, 25 m, 17 June
2004, S. Harazaki).

Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, 1852
[Jpn name: Kuroumiuma] (Fig. 77)
BSKU 96574, 214.1 mm, Yudomari; KPM–NI
22507, 164.3 mm, Yudomari.

Micrognathus andersonii (Bleeker, 1858)[Jpn name: Kammuriyoji] (Fig. 79)
KAUM–I. 11532, 62.7 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 21735, 92.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21773, 66.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21774,
46.6 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22573, 56.4 mm
SL, Isso.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Micrognathus brevirostris): NSMT–P 17833, 46.5 mm SL, Kusugawa.

Fig. 79. Micrognathus andersonii (upper: KAUM–I.
21774, 46.6 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 21773, 66.1mm SL).

Fig. 77. Left: Hippocampus kelloggi (KAUM–I. 21741,
208.7 mm); right: H. kuda (KPM–NI 22507, 164.3mm).

Microphis brachyurus brachyurus (Bleeker, 1853)[Jpn name: Tenguyoji] (Fig. 80)
KAUM–I. 21763, 120.3 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 21764, 99.5 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
24682, 101.1 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 25198,
129.1 mm SL, mouth of Nagata River; KAUM–I.
25199, 101.0 mm SL, mouth of Nagata River.
Phoxocampus belcheri (Kaup, 1856)[Jpn name: Boyoji] (Fig. 81)
KPM–NI 24796, 28.7 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
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H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 83. Fistularia commersonii (KAUM–I. 11203, 388.4mm SL).
Fig. 80. Microphis brachyurus brachyurus (KAUM–I.
21763, 120.3 mm SL).

Fig. 81. Phoxocampus belcheri (KPM–NI 24796, 28.7 mm
SL).

Phoxocampus diacanthus (Schultz, 1943)[Jpn name: Hachijoboyoji] (Fig. 82)
KPM–NI 22574, 55.4 mm SL, Isso.

Fig. 82. Phoxocampus diacanthus (KPM–NI 22574, 55.4mm SL).

FAMILY CENTRISCIDAE
Aeoliscus strigatus (Günther, 1861)[Jpn name: Hekoayu] (Fig. 84)
KAUM–I. 20090, 97.4 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 84. Aeoliscus strigatus (KAUM–I. 20090, 97.4 mm
SL).

ORDER SCORPAENIFORMESFAMILY DACTYLOPTERIDAE
Dactyloptena orientalis (Cuvier, 1829)[Jpn name: Semihobo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

FAMILY AULOSTOMIDAE
Aulostomus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766)[Jpn name: Herayagara]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

FAMILY APISTIDAEApistus carinatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Hachi]
SU 25235, 94.2 mm SL, off southeast of
Yaku-shima Island.

FAMILY FISTULARIIDAE
Fistularia commersonii Rüppell, 1838
[Jpn name: Aoyagara] (Fig. 83)
KAUM–I. 11203, 388.4 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11328, 369.6 mm SL, Nagakubo;
KAUM–I. 11654, 464.1 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 20147, 493.9 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I.
20148, 537.9 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I.
20149, 714.2 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I.
20183, 528 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91352,
179 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso.

FAMILY SCORPAENIDAE
Dendrochirus brachypterus (Cuvier, 1829)[Jpn name: Shimahimeyamanokami] (Fig. 85)
KAUM–I. 20160, 24.8 mm SL, Yudomari.

Fig. 85. Dendrochirus brachypterus (KAUM–I. 20160,
24.8 mm SL).

88

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Dendrochirus zebra (Cuvier, 1829)[Jpn name: Kirimmino] (Fig. 86)
KAUM–I. 20107, 88.6 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20162, 44.0 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Parascorpaena mossambica (Peters, 1855)[Jpn name: Nettaifusakasago] (Fig. 88)
KAUM–I. 11145, 55.5 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11227, 36.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11228, 37.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11229,
41.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11376, 37.7 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11455, 56.9 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 11584, 37.7 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 20242, 30.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20264,
19.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21703, 30.8 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21706, 20.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21707, 18.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21709, 17.4 mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Scorpaena zanzibarensis): Kusugawa [one specimen (129 mm TL) was
reported, but not found at NSMT].

Fig. 86. Dendrochirus zebra (KAUM–I. 20107, 88.6 mm
SL).

Parascorpaena aurita (Rüppell, 1838)[Jpn name: Chiburunettaifusakasago] (Fig. 87)
KAUM–I. 20102, 56.6 mm SL, Yudomari;
KPM–NI 24783, 22.1 mm SL, Kurio.
Motomura et al. (2009): BSKU 96650, 116.1mm SL, Isso.
Remarks: This species was first recorded from
East Aisa by Motomura et al. (2009) on the basisof 56 specimens. One of these, BSKU 96650, represents the northernmost record of the species.

Fig. 88. Parascorpaena mossambica (KAUM–I. 11376,
37.7 mm SL).

Pterois antennata (Bloch, 1787)[Jpn name: Nettaiminokasago]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Pterois lunulata Temminck and Schlegel, 1843
[Jpn name: Minokasago]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 87. Parascorpaena aurita (KAUM–I. 20102, 56.6 mm
SL).

Pterois radiata Cuvier, 1829
[Jpn name: Kimiokoze] (Fig. 89)
KAUM–I. 11312, 76.8 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11513, 72.5 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
21713, 29.4 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95428, 67.6mm SL, Haruo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
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Fig. 91. Scorpaenodes guamensis (KAUM–I. 21702, 43.2mm SL).
Fig. 89. Pterois radiata (KAUM–I. 11513, 72.5 mm SL).

Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Hanaminokasago] (Fig. 90)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Fig. 92. Scorpaenodes littoralis (KPM–NI 22547, 22.4 mm
SL).

Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (Garrett, 1864)[Jpn name: Himesangokasago] (Fig. 93)
KAUM–I. 20324, 58.8 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 90. Pterois volitans (off Isso, 12 m, 16 May 2008, S.
Harazaki).

Scorpaenodes guamensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)[Jpn name: Guamukasago] (Fig. 91)
KAUM–I. 11582, 66.7 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 21702, 43.2 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
95433, 37.3 mm SL, Haruo.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17830, 2 specimens, 20.8–38.7 mm SL, Kusugawa.
Scorpaenodes littoralis (Tanaka, 1917)[Jpn name: Isokasago] (Fig. 92)
KPM–NI 22547, 22.4 mm SL, Kurio.

90

Fig. 93. Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (KAUM–I. 20324, 58.8mm SL).

Scorpaenodes scaber (Ramsay and Ogilby, 1886)[Jpn name: Sangokasago] (Fig. 94)
KAUM–I. 11581, 71.1 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11583, 63.7 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
20093, 33.0 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20094,
34.8 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20152, 20.4mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20213, 17.8 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20241, 31.7 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 21704, 29.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21705, 22.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

I. 21708, 17.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21710,
16.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21711, 16.2 mm
SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22536, 12.3 mm SL, Yudomari.

Scorpaenopsis cirrosa (Thunberg, 1793)[Jpn name: Onikasago]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Remarks: Ichikawa et al.’s (1992) and Kuniyasu’s (1999) S. cirrosa are most likely to be S.
ramaraoi.
Scorpaenopsis diabolus (Cuvier, 1829)[Jpn name: Niraikasago] (Fig. 96)
KAUM–I. 11143, 96.6 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11186, 90.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
11580, 92.8 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 21676,
146.8 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 94. Scorpaenodes scaber (upper: KPM–NI 22536,
12.3 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11583, 63.7 mm SL).
Fig. 96. Scorpaenopsis diabolus (KAUM–I. 21676, 146.8mm SL).

Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus Greenfield and Matsuura, 2002
[Jpn name: Atsuhimesangokasago] (Fig. 95)
Motomura et al. (2010): KAUM–I. 11469,
75.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11475, 80.9 mm SL,
Isso.
Remarks: This species was reported as thefirst records from Japan by Motomura et al. (2010)
on the basis of specimens from Amami-oshima
and Yaku-shima Islands.

Scorpaenopsis neglecta Heckel, 1837
[Jpn name: Satsumakasago] (Fig. 97)
KAUM–I. 11377, 32.4 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 22817, 20.0 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI
22516, 17.4 mm SL, Yudomari.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Scorpaenopsis gibbosa): Kusugawa [one specimen (57 mm TL) was
reported, but not found at NSMT]. Ichikawa et al.
(1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 95. Scorpaenodes quadrispinosus (KAUM–I. 11475,
80.9 mm SL).
Fig. 97. Scorpaenopsis neglecta (KAUM–I. 11377, 32.4mm SL).

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Scorpaenopsis ramaraoi Randall and Eschmeyer, 2002
[Jpn name: Inukasago] (Fig. 98)
KAUM–I. 20108, 136.7 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 25232, 163.5 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI
22515, 23.1 mm SL, Yudomari.

Fig. 100. Sebastapistes fowleri (BLIP 36670070, 29.4 mm
SL; M. Aizawa).

Fig. 98. Scorpaenopsis ramaraoi (KAUM–I. 25232, 163.5mm SL).

Sebastapistes cyanostigma (Bleeker, 1856)[Jpn name: Kasurifusakasago] (Fig. 99)
KAUM–I. 11456, 40.1 mm SL, Isso; NSMT–P 95431, 47.1 mm SL, Haruo; NSMT–P 95432, 3
specimens, 36.2–43.2 mm SL, Haruo.

Sebastapistes strongia (Cuvier, 1829)[Jpn name: Madarafusakasago] (Fig. 101)
BSKU 96563, 53.8 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU
96570, 13.7 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU 96571,
22.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20095, 41.4mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20096, 52.3 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20189, 54.4 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20190, 52.3 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20191, 37.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20212, 13.9 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20214, 15.2 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 21712, 14.2 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI
22517, 19.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22518,
18.8 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22586, 8.7 mm
SL, Isso.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Scorpaena bynoensis): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 99. Sebastapistes cyanostigma (KAUM–I. 11456, 40.1mm SL).

Sebastapistes fowleri (Pietschmann, 1934)[Jpn name: Puchifusakasago] (Fig. 100)
Motomura and Senou (2009): BLIP 36670069,
21.1 mm SL, Isso; BLIP 36670070, 29.4 mm SL,
Isso.
Remarks: Motomura and Senou (2009) reported this species as the first records from East Aisa
(Taiwan and Japan) on the basis of 20 specimens,
including two Yaku-shima Island specimens.

92

Fig. 101. Sebastapistes strongia (KAUM–I. 20096, 52.3mm SL).

Taenianotus triacanthus Lacepède, 1802
[Jpn name: Hadakahaokoze] (Fig. 102)

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 104. Ablabys taenianotus (KAUM–I. 23010, 70.1 mm
SL).
Fig. 102. Taenianotus triacanthus (off Isso, 20 m, 19 Jan.
2010, S. Harazaki).

FAMILY SEBASTIDAE
Sebastiscus albofasciatus (Lacepède, 1802)[Jpn name: Ayamekasago] (Fig. 103)
KAUM–I. 20852, 211.5 mm SL, off Yakushima Island.

Minous quincarinatus (Fowler, 1943)[Jpn name: Itookoze] (Fig. 105)
USNM 117906, 73.4 mm SL, off northeast of
Yaku-shima Island.
Fowler (1943): USNM 99515, holotype ofParaminous quincarinatus, 74.7 mm SL, offnortheast of Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 105. Minous quincarinatus (USNM 117906, 73.4 mm
SL, preserved specimen).
Fig. 103. Sebastiscus albofasciatus (KAUM–I. 20852,
211.5 mm SL).

FAMILY TETRAROGIDAE
Ablabys taenianotus (Cuvier, 1829)[Jpn name: Tsumajirookoze] (Fig. 104)
KAUM–I. 23010, 70.1 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–
NI 22557, 17.6 mm SL, Kurio.

Synanceia verrucosa Bloch and Schneider, 1801
[Jpn name: Onidarumaokoze] (Fig. 106)
KAUM–I. 21682, 23.3 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

FAMILY SYNANCEIIDAE
Inimicus japonicus (Cuvier, 1829)[Jpn name: Oniokoze]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Fig. 106. Synanceia verrucosa (KAUM–I. 21682, 23.3 mm
SL).

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FAMILY TRIGLIDAE
Chelidonichthys spinosus (McClelland, 1844)[Jpn name: Hobo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY PLATYCEPHALIDAE
Inegocia sp.
[Jpn name: Wanigochi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Inegocia guttata):
Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: Imamura and Yoshino (2009) regarded that specimens previously identified as I.
guttata from the East and South China Seas are an
undescribed species.

ORDER PERCIFORMESFAMILY AMBASSIDAE
Ambassis miops Günther, 1872
[Jpn name: Sesujitakasagoishimochi] (Fig. 107)
KAUM–I. 11502, 18.9 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11509, 19.6 mm SL,
mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11510,
17.2 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–
I. 21737, 17.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21738,
19.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24688, 35.8 mm
SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24689, 44.3mm SL, Ambo.
Yonezawa (2003c): Yaku-shima Island.

SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24694, 39.5mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24695,
39.4 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River.

Fig. 108. Ambassis urotaenia (KAUM–I. 24691, 46.4 mm
SL, preserved specimen).

FAMILY PERCICHTHYIDAE
Lateolabrax latus Katayama, 1957
[Jpn name: Hirasuzuki] (Fig. 109)
KAUM–I. 25203, 257.3 mm SL, mouth of
Nagata River; KPM–NI 24246, 165.2 mm SL,
mouth of Nagata River; KPM–NI 24247, 162.5mm SL, mouth of Nagata River.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Yonezawa (2003c): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 109. Lateolabrax latus (KPM–NI 24246, 165.2 mm
SL).
Fig. 107. Ambassis miops (KAUM–I. 21737, 17.0 mm SL).

Ambassis urotaenia Bleeker, 1852
[Jpn name: Takasagoishimochi] (Fig. 108)
KAUM–I. 24690, 47.4 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24691, 46.4 mm SL, mouthof Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24692, 43.5 mm SL,
mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24693, 43.0 mm
94

FAMILY ACROPOMATIDAE
Malakichthys elegans Matsubara and Yamaguti, 1943
[Jpn name: Nagaomehata] (Fig. 110)USNM 117989, 100.3 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland.
FAMILY SERRANIDAE
Belonoperca chabanaudi Fowler and Bean, 1930
[Jpn name: Yamisuzuki] (Fig. 111)

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 110. Malakichthys elegans (USNM 117989, 100.3 mm
SL, preserved specimen).

Cephalopholis miniata (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Yukatahata] (Fig. 113)
FRLM 34701, 274.1 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; KAUM–I. 11622, 252.0 mm SL, Isso; NSMT–P 95761, 158.0 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 111. Belonoperca chabanaudi (off Isso, 15 m, 8 Nov.
2009, S. Harazaki).

Cephalopholis argus Bloch and Schneider, 1801
[Jpn name: Aonomehata] (Fig. 112)
KAUM–I. 11162, 19.2 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–
NI 24784, 53.8 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25575,
76.2 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77629, 362.3 mm
SL, Nanase.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 113. Cephalopholis miniata (upper: NSMT–P 95761,
158.0 mm SL; lower: FRLM 34701, 274.1 mm SL).

Cephalopholis sonnerati (Valenciennes, 1828)[Jpn name: Azahata] (Fig. 114)
KAUM–I. 16275, 229.2 mm SL, off east of
Yaku-shima Island.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 114. Cephalopholis sonnerati (KAUM–I. 16275, 229.2mm SL).

Fig. 112. Cephalopholis argus (upper: KAUM–I. 11162,
19.2 mm SL; lower: NSMT–P 77629, 362.3 mm SL).

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Cephalopholis urodeta (Forster, 1801)[Jpn name: Nijihata] (Fig. 115)
KAUM–I. 11454, 194.7 mm SL, Isso; NSMT–P 77644, 167.3 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

96550) were collected from Nagata, northwesternYaku-shima Island. This species has currently
been known only from Yaku-shima Island in Japanese waters.

Fig. 117. Epinephelus bontoides (NSMT–P 96549, 288.6mm SL).
Fig. 115. Cephalopholis urodeta (KAUM–I. 11454, 194.7mm SL).

Epinephelus bruneus Bloch, 1793
[Jpn name: Kue]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål 1775)[Jpn name: Omonhata] (Fig. 116)
FRLM 34702, 290.8 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island.

Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus (Bloch, 1790)[Jpn name: Hakutenhata] (Fig. 118)
FRLM 34722, 361.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11535, 204.2 mm SL, Ambo; NSMT–P 91953,
390 mm SL, Nanase.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 58131, 52.1mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yakushima Island.

Fig. 116. Epinephelus areolatus (FRLM 34702, 290.8 mm
SL).

Epinephelus bontoides (Bleeker, 1855)[Jpn name: Shiranuihata] (Fig. 117)
NSMT–P 96549, 288.6 mm SL, Nagata; NSMT–P 96550, 317.1 mm SL, Nagata.
Kuriiwa et al. (2008): NSMT–P 77624, 336
mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River.
Remarks: Kuriiwa et al. (2008) reported thisspecies as the first Japanese record on the basisof a single specimen (NSMT–P 77624) from themouth of the Miyanoura River. Subsequently
two additional specimens (NSMT–P 96549 and
96

Fig. 118. Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus (KAUM–I.
11535, 204.2 mm SL).

Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822)[Jpn name: Chairomaruhata] (Fig. 119)
NSMT–P 77627, 206.1 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 119. Epinephelus coioides (NSMT–P 77627, 206.1
mm SL).

Epinephelus cyanopodus (Richardson, 1846)[Jpn name: Tsuchihozeri]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Akahata] (Fig. 120)
FRLM 34730, 225.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11363, 207.8 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77631,
222.5 mm SL, Nanase; NSMT–P 91170, 223
mm SL, off east of Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P
91171, 249 mm SL, off east of Yaku-shima Island;
NSMT–P 91172, 222 mm SL, off east of Yakushima Island; NSMT–P 91173, 249 mm SL, offeast of Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 91174, 235
mm SL, off east of Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P
91175, 249 mm SL, off east of Yaku-shima Island;
NSMT–P 91176, 240 mm SL, off east of Yakushima Island; NSMT–P 91177, 236 mm SL, offeast of Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 91341, 263
mm SL, off north of Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 91342, 309 mm SL, off north of Yaku-shimaIsland; NSMT–P 91343, 244 mm SL, off north ofYaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 91344, 298 mm SL,
off north of Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 91345,
284 mm SL, off north of Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 91346, 278 mm SL, off north of Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 91955, 232 mm SL, Nanase;
NSMT–P 91956, 193 mm SL, Nanase; NSMT–P
91957, 235 mm SL, Nanase; NSMT–P 91958, 252
mm SL, Hirauchi; NSMT–P 91959, 266 mm SL,
Hirauchi; NSMT–P 96386, 232.3 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 96387, 227.0 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
96548, 239.5 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 120. Epinephelus fasciatus (KAUM–I. 11363, 207.8mm SL).

Epinephelus hexagonatus (Forster, 1801)[Jpn name: Ishigakihata] (Fig. 121)
BSKU 96599, 119.6 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
95413, 146.2 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 121. Epinephelus hexagonatus (BSKU 96599, 119.6mm SL).

Epinephelus howlandi (Günther, 1873)[Jpn name: Hiregurohata]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Epinephelus maculatus (Bloch, 1790)[Jpn name: Shirobuchihata] (Fig. 122)
BSKU 96643, 119.3 mm SL, Isso.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 122. Epinephelus maculatus (BSKU 96643, 119.3 mm
SL).

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Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Yaitohata] (Fig. 123)
NSMT–P 77625, 305.3 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Epinephelus ongus (Bloch, 1790)[Jpn name: Namihata]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Epinephelus polyphekadion (Bleeker, 1849)[Jpn name: Madarahata]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Epinephelus quoyanus (Valenciennes, 1830)[Jpn name: Moyohata] (Fig. 125)
KAUM–I. 20042, 81.2 mm SL, Yudomari.

Fig. 123. Epinephelus malabaricus (NSMT–P 77625,
305.3 mm SL).

Epinephelus melanostigma Schultz, 1953
[Jpn name: Sumitsukihata]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Epinephelus merra Bloch, 1793
[Jpn name: Kammonhata] (Fig. 124)
KAUM–I. 11620, 123.1 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 20051, 111.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
MUFS 25621, 190 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
91964, 214 mm SL, Isso.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso.

Fig. 125. Epinephelus quoyanus (KAUM–I. 20042, 81.2mm SL).

Epinephelus septemfasciatus (Thunberg, 1793)[Jpn name: Mahata]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Hitomihata] (Fig. 126)
KAUM–I. 11356, 136.4 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77630, 329.2 mm SL, Nanase; NSMT–P
91954, 352 mm SL, Nanase.

Fig. 124. Epinephelus merra (NSMT–P 91964, 214 mm
SL).

Fig. 126. Epinephelus tauvina (KAUM–I. 11356, 136.4mm SL).

Epinephelus morrhua (Valenciennes, 1833)[Jpn name: Hokihata]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Epinephelus tukula Morgans, 1959
[Jpn name: Kasurihata]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
98Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunberg, 1792)[Jpn name: Nunosarashi] (Fig. 127)
BSKU 96678, 33.4 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM
34674, 74.3 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34732, 75.4mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34735, 61.6 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 11125, 15.6 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11139, 86.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
11603, 72.8 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20251,
32.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20313, 57.2 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21666, 67.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21835, 13.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21869, 82.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21870,
77.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21871, 17.1 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23540, 13.0 mm SL, Kurio;
MUFS 25562, 52.5 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25563,
82.7 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95443, 75.9 mm
SL, Haruo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 128. Liopropoma susumi (KPM–NI 22544, 44.4 mm
SL).

Plectranthias kamii Randall, 1980
[Jpn name: Izuhanadai] (Fig. 129)
KAUM–I. 1654, 236.1 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; KAUM–I. 1655, 196.2 mm SL, Yakushima Island.

Fig. 129. Plectranthias kamii (KAUM–I. 1654, 236.1 mm
SL).

Plectranthias yamakawai Yoshino, 1972
[Jpn name: Amamihanadai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Plectropomus laevis (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Kokuhan-ara]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 127. Grammistes sexlineatus (upper: KAUM–I. 11125,
15.6 mm SL; middle: KAUM–I. 20251, 32.5 mm SL;
lower: KAUM–I. 11139, 86.8 mm SL).

Liopropoma susumi (Jordan and Seale, 1906)[Jpn name: Kosujihanasuzuki] (Fig. 128)
KPM–NI 22544, 44.4 mm SL, Kurio.

Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède, 1802)[Jpn name: Sujiara]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Pogonoperca punctata (Valenciennes, 1830)[Jpn name: Agohata] (Fig. 130)
KAUM–I. 11386, 11.8 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–
NI 24799, 12.8 mm SL, Kurio.
Remarks: These specimens may be juveniles
of Grammistes sexlineatus.
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H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 130. Pogonoperca punctata (KAUM–I. 11386, 11.8mm SL).

Pseudanthias bicolor (Randall, 1979)[Jpn name: Futairohanagoi] (Fig. 131)

Fig. 132. Pseudanthias fasciatus (off Isso, 35 m, 21 Sept.
2004, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 133. Pseudanthias lori (off Nagata, 45 m, 19 Nov.
2009, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 131. Pseudanthias bicolor (upper: off Isso, 20 m, 8
Apr. 2007, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 20 m, 16 May
2008, S. Harazaki).

Pseudanthias pleurotaenia (Bleeker, 1857)[Jpn name: Sumirenagahanadai] (Fig. 134)

Pseudanthias fasciatus (Kamohara, 1954)[Jpn name: Sujihanadai] (Fig. 132)
Pseudanthias lori (Lubbock and Randall, 1976)[Jpn name: Akaboshihanagoi] (Fig. 133)
Pseudanthias pascalus (Jordan and Tanaka, 1927)[Jpn name: Hanagoi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
100

Fig. 134. Pseudanthias pleurotaenia (off Isso, 20 m, 4 Mar.
2005, S. Harazaki).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Pseudanthias squamipinnis (Peters, 1855)[Jpn name: Kingyohanadai] (Fig. 135)
KAUM–I. 21788, 27.8 mm SL, Isso.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Serranocirrhitus latus Watanabe, 1949
[Jpn name: Hanagombe] (Fig. 137)

Fig. 137. Serranocirrhitus latus (off Isso, 20 m, 4 Mar.
2005, S. Harazaki).
Fig. 135. Pseudanthias squamipinnis (KAUM–I. 21788,
27.8 mm SL).

Triso dermopterus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1842)[Jpn name: Tobihata]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Pseudanthias sp.
[Jpn name: Benihanadai] (Fig. 136)
Remarks: This species has been recorded
along the Pacific coast of southern Japan and the
Ryukyu Islands (Senou, 2002). It is relatively
common at Yaku-shima Island (deeper than 20 m).

Variola albimarginata Baissac, 1953
[Jpn name: Ojirobarahata]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Variola louti (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Barahata]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
FAMILY PSEUDOCHROMIDAE
Labracinus cyclophthalma (Müller and Troschel, 1849)[Jpn name: Megisu] (Fig. 138)
KAUM–I. 11132, 28.3 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11285, 93.2 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11524, 127.0 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 11589, 87.1 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20083,
87.9 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20087, 101.3mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Pictichromis porphyrea (Lubbock and Goldman, 1974)[Jpn name: Kurenainisesuzume] (Fig. 139)

Fig. 136. Pseudanthias sp. (upper: off Isso, 20 m, 2 Mar.
2005, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 35 m, 15 July 2005,
S. Harazaki).

Pseudochromis cyanotaenia Bleeker, 1857
[Jpn name: Ryukyunisesuzume] (Fig. 140)
BSKU 96603, 41.0 mm SL, Kurio.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
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H. Motomura et al.

Pseudochromis luteus Aoyagi, 1943
[Jpn name: Koganenisesuzume] (Fig. 141)
FRLM 34738, 45.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11161, 43.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11362,
33.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11485, 45.5 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11537, 24.2 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 20245, 32.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
20329, 43.8 mm SL, Isso; MUFS 25593, 41.5 mm
SL, Kurio; MUFS 25601, 32.3 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 91672, 28 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 138. Labracinus cyclophthalma (upper: KAUM–I.
11132, 28.3 mm SL; middle: KAUM–I. 11589, 87.1
mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11524, 127.0 mm SL).

Fig. 141. Pseudochromis luteus (upper: KAUM–I. 11362,
33.3 mm SL; middle: KAUM–I. 11161, 43.9 mm SL;
lower: off Kurio, 10 m, 21 July 2006, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 139. Pictichromis porphyrea (off Isso, 5 m, 21 Aug.
2004, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 140. Pseudochromis cyanotaenia (BSKU 96603, 41.0mm SL).

102

Pseudochromis marshallensis Schultz, 1953
[Jpn name: Hoshinisesuzume] (Fig. 142)
KAUM–I. 11275, 43.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11296, 51.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11618, 44.2 mm SL, Ambo.
FAMILY PLESIOPIDAE
Acanthoplesiops psilogaster Hardy, 1985
[Jpn name: Fuchidoritanabatauo] (Fig. 143)
KAUM–I. 11126, 15.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11369, 16.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 142. Pseudochromis marshallensis (KAUM–I. 11296,
51.4 mm SL).

20243, 18.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20262,
19.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20263, 17.2 mm
SL, Kurio.
Remarks: Although Acanthoplesiops and Belonepterygion have often been treated as membersof the family Acanthoclinidae, we follow Nelson’s(2006) classification in the subfamily Acanthoclininae (family Plesiopidae).

Fig. 144. Assessor randalli (upper: off Isso, 5 m, 9 Oct.
2006, S. Harazaki; lower: KAUM–I. 20288, 36.9 mm
SL).

KAUM–I. 21865, 20.7 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI
22575, 30.5 mm SL, Isso; MUFS 25598, 33.1 mm
SL, Kurio; MUFS 25599, 35.0 mm SL, Kurio;
MUFS 25600, 24.6 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 143. Acanthoplesiops psilogaster (KAUM–I. 11369,
16.3 mm SL).

Assessor randalli Allen and Kuiter, 1976
[Jpn name: Tsubametanabatauo] (Fig. 144)
KAUM–I. 20288, 36.9 mm SL, Kurio.
Belonepterygion fasciolatum (Ogilby, 1889)[Jpn name: Togetanabatauo] (Fig. 145)
FRLM 34740, 40.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11364, 32.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11365,
22.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11366, 22.8 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11367, 19.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11368, 21.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
11653, 35.0 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11746,
20.8 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20193, 25.9 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20244, 34.7 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 21864, 21.3 mm SL, Kurio;

Fig. 145. Belonepterygion fasciolatum (KAUM–I. 11364,
32.7 mm SL).

Calloplesiops altivelis (Steindachner, 1903)[Jpn name: Shimofuritanabatauo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

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Plesiops coeruleolineatus Rüppell, 1835
[Jpn name: Tanabatauo] (Fig. 146)
KAUM–I. 11520, 42.6 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11579, 51.3 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI
22519, 26.8 mm SL, Yudomari.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Plesiops melas):
NSMT–P 17831, 2 specimens, 38.8–61.6 mm SL,
Kusugawa.

Fig. 146. Plesiops coeruleolineatus (KAUM–I. 11579, 51.3mm SL).

Fig. 148. Priacanthus hamrur (KAUM–I. 21946, 260.6mm SL).

FAMILY APOGONIDAE
Apogon amboinensis Bleeker, 1853
[Jpn name: Amamiishimochi] (Fig. 149)
Yoshida and Motomura (2009), Yoshida et al.
(2010): KAUM–I. 21588, 53.5 mm SL, mouthof Ambo River; KAUM–I. 21589, 49.0 mm SL,
mouth of Ambo River. Yoshida et al. (2010):
mouth of Isso River.

FAMILY PRIACANTHIDAE
Cookeolus japonicus (Cuvier, 1829)[Jpn name: Chikamekintoki]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Gomahirekintoki] (Fig. 147)
FRLM 34713, 231.1 mm SL, Yudomari.
Fig. 149. Apogon amboinensis (KAUM–I. 21589, 49.0 mm
SL).

Fig. 147. Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (FRLM 34713,
231.1 mm SL).

Priacanthus hamrur (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Hosekikintoki] (Fig. 148)
KAUM–I. 21946, 260.6 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
104

Apogon angustatus (Smith and Radcliffe, 1911)[Jpn name: Usujimaishimochi] (Fig. 150)
Yoshida et al. (2010): KAUM–I. 20268, 17.8mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21721, 14.3 mm SL,
Kurio.
Apogon apogonides (Bleeker, 1856)[Jpn name: Aohanatenjikudai] (Fig. 151)
Yoshida et al. (2010): Isso.
Apogon aureus (Lacepède, 1802)[Jpn name: Aosujitenjikudai] (Fig. 152)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU 96634, 63.3 mm SL, Isso.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 153. Apogon caudicinctus (KAUM–I. 21765, 33.8 mm
SL).

Fig. 150. Apogon angustatus (off Isso; from Yoshida et al.,2010).

Apogon chrysotaenia Bleeker, 1851
[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 154)
Yoshida et al. (2010): Isso.
Remarks: The species was reported by Yoshida et al. (2010) as the first Japanese record on thebasis of underwater photograph and observations.
However, no specimens have been collected.

Fig. 151. Apogon apogonides (off Isso; from Yoshida et al.,2010).

Fig. 154. Apogon chrysotaenia (off Isso; from Yoshida etal., 2010).

Fig. 152. Apogon aureus (BSKU 96634, 63.3 mm SL).

Apogon caudicinctus Randall and Smith, 1988
[Jpn name: Koyariishimochi] (Fig. 153)
Yoshida et al. (2010): KAUM–I. 21765, 33.8mm SL, Kurio.

Apogon cookii Macleay, 1881
[Jpn name: Sujiishimochi] (Fig. 155)
Yoshida et al. (2010): KAUM–I. 11207, 27.3mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21714, 31.0 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 21715, 28.0 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21716, 22.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21717, 18.0 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91664, 76.0mm SL, Kurio.
Apogon crassiceps Garman, 1903
[Jpn name: Akafujitenjikudai] (Fig. 156)
Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU 96552, 27.2mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11445, 37.4mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 20159, 20.3 mm SL,
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H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 155. Apogon cookii (KAUM–I. 11207, 27.3 mm SL).

Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20196, 42.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20205, 22.8 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20206, 17.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20249, 24.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
20331, 34.3 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21767, 29.2mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21768, 27.2 mm SL,
Kurio; KPM–NI 22513, 24.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
KPM–NI 22546, 28.4 mm SL, Kurio.
Remarks: All previous records of A. crassiceps “Akane-tenjikudai” in Japanese waters (e.g.,
Hayashi, 2002) were based on mis-identificationsof a species of the A. talboti group (Yoshida et al.,2010).

Yoshida et al. (2010): FRLM 34706, 103.7 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11124, 99.2 mm SL,
Ambo Port; KAUM–I. 11440, 46.5 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 11441, 47.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–
I. 11442, 46.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11443,
52.7 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11444, 44.5 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11446, 48.7 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 11447, 43.9 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–
I. 11448, 41.2 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11449,
41.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11450, 51.6 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11451, 52.1 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 11452, 51.9 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
20071, 85.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20072,
62 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20343, 56 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21751, 91.9 mm SL, Ambo
Port; KAUM–I. 25234, 78.1 mm SL, Ambo Port;MUFS 25446, 92.7 mm SL, Ambo Port; MUFS
25447, 85.4 mm SL, Ambo Port; MUFS 25448,
70.9 mm SL, Ambo Port; MUFS 25449, 69.2mm SL, Ambo Port; MUFS 25450, 69.4 mm SL,
Ambo Port.

Fig. 157. Apogon doederleini (KAUM–I. 11124, 99.2 mm
SL).
Fig. 156. Apogon crassiceps (KAUM–I. 20331, 34.3 mm
SL).

Apogon doederleini Jordan and Snyder, 1901
[Jpn name: Osujiishimochi] (Fig. 157)
KPM–NI 24942, 91.2 mm SL, Onoaida;
NSMT–P 91664, 74.3 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
95410, 2 specimens, 81.6–90.0 mm SL, Miyanoura; NSMT–P 95422, 6 specimens, 67.0–90.5 mm
SL, Miyanoura Port.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17815, 74.0mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992):
Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
106

Apogon endekataenia Bleeker, 1852
[Jpn name: Kosujiishimochi] (Fig. 158)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Yoshida et al. (2010): KAUM–I. 21786, 26.8 mm
SL, Isso.
Apogon exostigma (Jordan and Starks, 1906)[Jpn name: Yukataishimochi] (Fig. 159)
Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU 96553, 45.8 mm
SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22551, 28.1 mm SL, Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 161. Apogon fraenatus (off Isso; from Yoshida et al.,2010).
Fig. 158. Apogon endekataenia (KAUM–I. 21786, 26.8mm SL).

erythrinus Snyder, 1904 an endemic species to the
Hawaiian Islands, and some Japanese specimens
previously identified as A. erythrinus were his
new species, A. indicus (see Yoshida et al., 2010).

Fig. 159. Apogon exostigma (BSKU 96553, 45.8 mm SL).

Apogon fasciatus (White, 1790)[Jpn name: Furaiishimochi] (Fig. 160)
Yoshida et al. (2010): Isso.

Fig. 162. Apogon indicus (NSMT–P 95448, 32.9 mm SL,
preserved specimen).

Apogon kallopterus Bleeker, 1856
[Jpn name: Kasuriishimochi] (Fig. 163)
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Yoshida et al. (2010):
Isso.
Fig. 160. Apogon fasciatus (off Isso; from Yoshida et al.,2010).

Apogon fraenatus Valenciennes, 1832
[Jpn name: Hitosujiishimochi] (Fig. 161)
Yoshida et al. (2010): Isso.
Apogon indicus Greenfield, 2001
[Jpn name: Ryukyuishimochi] (Fig. 162)
Yoshida et al. (2010): NSMT–P 95448, 32.9mm SL, Haruo.
Remarks: Greenfield (2001) considered A.

Fig. 163. Apogon kallopterus (off Isso; from Yoshida et al.,2010).

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H. Motomura et al.

Apogon kominatoensis Ebina, 1935
[Jpn name: Kominatotenjikudai] (Fig. 164)
Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU 96655, 29.7 mm
SL, Isso; FRLM 34709, 38.3 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11133, 29.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
11290, 37.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11291,
42.3 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11652, 27.9mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20041, 40.2 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20248, 39.3 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 20259, 41.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 20260, 41.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20261,
32.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20332, 35.4 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21766, 27.1 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 91356, 40 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P
91357, 37 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 95461,
36.7 mm SL, Haruo.
Remarks: Many Japanese authors (e.g.,
Hayashi, 2002) have used a name, A. coccineus
Rüppell, 1838, for this species. However, A. coccineus has been regarded as a western Indian
Ocean species (Randall, 2005; Yoshida et al.,2010).

Fig. 165. Apogon moluccensis (KAUM–I. 20378, 43.1 mm
SL).

Apogon nigrofasciatus Lachner, 1953
[Jpn name: Minamifutosujiishimochi] (Fig. 166)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Yoshida et al. (2010):
BSKU 96605, 58.9 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 166. Apogon nigrofasciatus (BSKU 96605, 58.9 mm
SL).

Fig. 164. Apogon kominatoensis (KAUM–I. 20332, 35.4mm SL).

Apogon moluccensis Valenciennes, 1832
[Jpn name: Sehoshitenjikudai] (Fig. 165)
Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU 96640, 46.8 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 20378, 43.1 mm SL, Isso.
Remarks: Many Japanese authors (e.g.,
Hayashi, 2002) have used a name, A. ventrifasciatus Allen et al., 1994, for this species. However,Fraser et al. (2002) regarded A. ventrifasciatus asa junior synonym of A. moluccensis.

Apogon notatus (Houttuyn, 1782)[Jpn name: Kurohoshiishimochi] (Fig. 167)
Jordan and Starks (1906): whereabouts of asingle specimen from Yaku-shima Island is unknown. Yoshida et al. (2010): Isso.

Fig. 167. Apogon notatus (off Isso; from Yoshida et al.,2010).

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Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Apogon novemfasciatus Cuvier, 1828
[Jpn name: Tasujiishimochi] (Fig. 168)
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Yoshida et al. (2010):
KAUM–I. 21759, 33.7 mm SL, Ambo.

Fig. 170. Apogon cf properuptus (KAUM–I. 20112, 32.3mm SL).

Fig. 168. Apogon novemfasciatus (KAUM–I. 21759, 33.7mm SL).

Apogon parvulus (Smith and Radcliffe, 1912)[Jpn name: Neontenjikudai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Apogon cf properuptus (Whitley, 1964), dotted type
[Jpn name: “kinsen-ishimochi, dotto-gata”] (Fig. 169)
Yoshida et al. (2010): KAUM–I. 21789,
37.8 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21790, 40.2 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21791, 36.6 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 21792, 35.1 mm SL, Isso.

Apogon selas Randall and Hayashi, 1990
[Jpn name: Nagareboshi]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Apogon seminigracaudus Greenfield, 2007
[Jpn name: Ogurotenjikudai] (Fig. 171)
Yoshida et al. (2010): KAUM–I. 21785, 26.8mm SL, Isso.
Remarks: Japanese specimens previously
identified as Apogon fuscus Quoy and Gaimard,1825 (or Nectamia fusca) were described by
Greenfield (2007) as a new species, A. seminigracaudus.

Fig. 171. Apogon seminigracaudus (KAUM–I. 21785, 26.8mm SL, Isso).

Fig. 169. Apogon cf properuptus (KAUM–I. 21790, 40.2mm SL).

Apogon cf properuptus (Whitley, 1964), lined type
[Jpn name: “kinsen-ishimochi, rain-gata”] (Fig. 170)
Yoshida et al. (2010): KAUM–I. 20112, 32.3mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20207, 31.7 mm
SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22506, 41.1 mm SL, Yudomari.

Apogon semiornatus Peters, 1876
[Jpn name: Yamitenjikudai] (Fig. 172)
Yoshida et al. (2010): Isso.
Apogon taeniophorus Regan, 1908
[Jpn name: Misujitenjikudai] (Fig. 173)
Arai and Ida (1975, as A. endekataenia):
NSMT–P 17846, 4 specimens, 28.8–68.0 mm
SL, Kusugawa. Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU
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H. Motomura et al.

Apogon cf taeniophorus Regan, 1908, lined type
[Jpn name: “misujitenjikudai, rain-gata”] (Fig. 174)
Yoshida et al. (2010): KPM–NI 22579, 25.1mm SL, Isso.
Remarks: The specimen is identified as Mabuchi et al.’s (2004) “lined type of Misujitenjikudai”.
Taxonomic status of this species is still unknown.
Fig. 172. Apogon semiornatus (off Isso; from Yoshida etal., 2010).

96641, 37.8 mm SL, Isso; FRLM 34677, 47.2mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11171, 59.3 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 11358, 76.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11359, 76.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
20208, 28.2 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20240,
76.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20341, 90.4 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 20344, 88.8 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 21718, 15.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21719, 16.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21720,
14.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 25227, 87.4 mm
SL, Nagata; KPM–NI 22577, 21.8 mm SL, Isso;
KPM–NI 22578, 25.8 mm SL, Isso; MUFS 25595,
57.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25596, 56.6 mm
SL, Kurio; MUFS 25597, 63.1 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 17846, 4 specimens: 28.8–68.0 mm SL,
Kusugawa; NSMT–P 91351, 45.9 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91682, 3 specimens: 58.4–69.3mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95459, 2specimens:
32.6–84.6 mm SL, Haruo; NSMT–P 95463, 87.8mm SL, Hirauchi.
Remarks: Yoshida et al. (2010) regarded
Mabuchi et al.’s (2004) “spotted type of Misujitenjikudai” as A. taeniophorus.

Fig. 174. Apogon cf taeniophorus (KPM–NI 22579, 25.1mm SL).

Apogonichthyoides timorensis (Bleeker, 1854)[Jpn name: Kakureishimochi] (Fig. 175)
Yoshida et al. (2010): KAUM–I. 20076, 59.9mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22542, 29.0 mm SL,
Yudomari; KPM–NI 22580, 21.9 mm SL, Isso.

Fig. 175. Apogonichthyoides timorensis (KAUM–I. 20076,
59.9 mm SL).

Fig. 173. Apogon taeniophorus (KAUM–I. 11359, 76.1mm SL).

110

Archamia fucata (Cantor, 1849)[Jpn name: Sumitsukiatohikitenjikudai] (Fig. 176)
BSKU 96549, 50.6 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20044, 49.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20074, 53.3 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20075, 73.5 mm SL, Yudomari.
Remarks: Archamia dispilus Lachner, 1951
was recently synonymized with A. fucata by Gon
and Randall (2003).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 176. Archamia fucata (KAUM–I. 20075, 73.5 mm
SL).

Cheilodipterus macrodon (Lacepède, 1802)[Jpn name: Ryukyuyaraiishimochi] (Fig. 178)
Arai and Ida (1975, as Cheilodipterus lineatus): Kusugawa [two specimens (107–118 mm
TL) were reported, but not found at NSMT].
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU
96548, 58.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11453,
70.5 mm SL, Isso.

Cheilodipterus artus Smith, 1961
[Jpn name: Kasumiyaraiishimochi]
Yoshida et al. (2010): Isso.
Remarks: Hayashi’s (2002) C. subulatus was
re-identified as C. artus (see Yoshida et al., 2010).
Cheilodipterus intermedius Gon, 1993
[Jpn name: Sudareyaraiishimochi] (Fig. 177)
Yoshida et al. (2010): Isso.
Remarks: Hayashi’s (2002) C. artus was reidentified as C. intermedius (see Yoshida et al.,2010).

Fig. 178. Cheilodipterus macrodon (BSKU 96548, 58.7mm SL).

Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus Cuvier, 1828
[Jpn name: Yaraiishimochi] (Fig. 179)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Yoshida et al. (2010):
KAUM–I. 11289, 50.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20049, 80.3 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20068, 101.9 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20070, 85.8 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20073, 42.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20535, 65.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–
NI 22511, 40.0 mm SL, Yudomari.

Fig. 177. Cheilodipterus intermedius (upper: young; lower:
adult; off Isso; from Yoshida et al., 2010).
Fig. 179. Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus (KAUM–I.
11289, 50.0 mm SL).

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H. Motomura et al.

Foa brachygramma (Jenkins, 1903)[Jpn name: Taiwammatoishimochi] (Fig. 180)
Yoshida et al. (2010): Isso.

Fig. 182. Fowleria cf marmorata (KAUM–I. 21784, 39.8mm SL).

Fig. 180. Foa brachygramma (off Isso; from Yoshida et al.,2010).

Fowleria variegata (Valenciennes, 1832)[Jpn name: Shibori] (Fig. 183)
Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU 96547, 33.8 mm
SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22505, 28.8 mm SL, Yudomari.

Fowleria isostigma (Jordan and Seale, 1906)[Jpn name: Nahamatoishimochi] (Fig. 181)
Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU 96573, 17.0 mm
SL, Yudomari.

Fig. 183. Fowleria variegata (KPM–NI 22505, 28.8 mm
SL).

Fig. 181. Fowleria isostigma (BSKU 96573, 17.0 mm SL).

Neamia octospina Smith and Radcliffe, 1912
[Jpn name: Yatsutogetenjikudai] (Fig. 184)
Yoshida et al. (2010): Isso.
Fowleria cf marmorata (Alleyne and Macleay, 1877)[Jpn name: Obishibori] (Fig. 182)
Yoshida et al. (2010): KAUM–I. 21784, 39.8mm SL, Isso.
Remarks: The specimen was identified as F.
marmorata, but differed from published meristic data for F. marmorata in having 6 or 7 pored
lateral-line scales (vs. 10–13 in the latter) (seeYoshida et al., 2010).

112

Fig. 184. Neamia octospina (off Isso; from Yoshida et al.,2010).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Nectamia bandanensis (Bleeker, 1854)[Jpn name: Bandaishimochi] (Fig. 185)
Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU 96538, 66.0 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20069, 67.8 mm SL,
Yudomari.
Remarks: Fraser (2008) allocated this species
to Nectamia from Apogon.

Fig. 187. Rhabdamia gracilis (off Isso; from Yoshida et al.,2010).

Fig. 185. Nectamia bandanensis (BSKU 96538, 66.0 mm
SL).

Pseudamia gelatinosa Smith, 1956
[Jpn name: Numeritenjikudai] (Fig. 186)
Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU 96540, 42.9mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20120, 31.2 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20163, 16.4 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20164, 21.0 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20165, 14.9 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20166, 16.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–
NI 22529, 18.7 mm SL, Yudomari.

Siphamia majimai Matsubara and Iwai, 1958
[Jpn name: Majimakuroishimochi] (Fig. 188)
Yoshida et al. (2010): BSKU 96557, 16.9 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20158, 20.3 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20211, 19.3 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22582, 16.9 mm SL, Isso.

Fig. 188. Siphamia majimai (KAUM–I. 20158, 20.3 mm
SL).

Siphamia tubulata (Weber, 1909)[Jpn name: Inazumahikariishimochi] (Fig. 189)
Yoshida et al. (2010): Isso.
Fig. 186. Pseudamia gelatinosa (BSKU 96540, 42.9 mm
SL).

Rhabdamia gracilis (Bleeker, 1856)[Jpn name: Sukashitenjikudai] (Fig. 187)
Yoshida et al. (2010): Isso.

Fig. 189. Siphamia tubulata (off Isso; from Yoshida et al.,2010).

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H. Motomura et al.

Siphamia versicolor (Smith and Radcliffe, 1911)[Jpn name: Hikariishimochi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY MALACANTHIDAE
Hoplolatilus cuniculus Randall and Dooley, 1974
[Jpn name: Okinawasangoamadai] (Fig. 190)

55 m off Kume-jima Island in 1999 (KPM–NR
29578). The photograph of the species taken at
Yaku-shima Island represents the first record of H.
fronticinctus from the island. This species is relatively common in depths of more than 50 m off
Yaku-shima Island. Specimens of the species havenever been collected from Japanese waters.

Fig. 191. Hoplolatilus fronticinctus (off Nagata, 60 m, 28
Nov. 2009, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 190. Hoplolatilus cuniculus (off Nagata, 40 m, 5 June
2009, S. Harazaki).

Malacanthus brevirostris Guichenot, 1848
[Jpn name: Yaseamadai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Hoplolatilus fronticinctus (Günther, 1887)[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 191)
Remarks: The photographed individual has
the following characters: caudal fin forked; opercular spine smaller than pupil diameter; depthof posterior margin of maxilla less than pupil
diameter; dorsal fin with 10 spines and 13 softrays; anal fin with two spines and 12 soft rays;a blue saddle-shaped blotch on caudal peduncle
dorsally; a blue band from snout to eye; dorsal
and anal fins yellowish, with bluish green basallyand pink distally; and caudal fin yellowish, withbluish green stripes along upper and lower margins. These characters agree with description of
H. fronticinctus given by Dooley (1999). This
species is distributed in the Indo-West Pacific,
and has been known from the Philippines to the
Solomon Islands in the western Pacific (Dooley,1999). Recently, Senou et al. (2006b) reported
juveniles of this species as Hoplolatilus sp. from
Izu-oshima Island on the basis of underwater photographs (KPM–NR 31560, 62592). A juvenile ofthis species was also photographed at a depth of114

Malacanthus latovittatus (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Kitsuneamadai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
FAMILY CORYPHAENIDAE
Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758
[Jpn name: Shiira]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY RACHYCENTRIDAE
Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766)[Jpn name: Sugi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY ECHENEIDAE
Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758
[Jpn name: Kobanzame]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

FAMILY CARANGIDAE
Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1787)[Jpn name: Itohikiaji]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Hoshikaiwari]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Carangoides orthogrammus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)[Jpn name: Nan-yokaiwari] (Fig. 192)
NSMT–P 91960, 357.6 mm SL, Hirauchi.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 193. Caranx melampygus (upper: KAUM–I. 11272,
125.3 mm SL; lower: NSMT–P 77628, 459.8 mm SL).

Fig. 192. Carangoides orthogrammus (NSMT–P 91960,
357.6 mm SL).

Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Ronin-aji]Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Caranx melampygus Cuvier, 1833
[Jpn name: Kasumiaji] (Fig. 193)
KAUM–I. 11272, 125.3 mm SL, Yudomari;
NSMT–P 77628, 459.8 mm SL, Nanase.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Caranx papuensis Alleyne and Macleay, 1877
[Jpn name: Onihiraaji] (Fig. 194)
KAUM–I. 24696, 44.8 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River.
Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy and Gaimard, 1825
[Jpn name: Gingameaji] (Fig. 195)
KAUM–I. 11273, 107.8 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 25224, 162.8 mm SL, Nagata; KAUM–
I. 25225, 170.2 mm SL, Nagata; KAUM–I. 25226,
165.7 mm SL, Nagata; KPM–NI 24257, 131.8

Fig. 194. Caranx papuensis (KAUM–I. 24696, 44.8 mm
SL, preserved specimen).

mm SL, mouth of Nagata River; KPM–NI 24274,
149.9 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KPM–
NI 24277, 242.4 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura
River; KPM–NI 24281, 123.3 mm SL, mouth of
Nagata River; KPM–NI 24661, 146.7 mm SL,
mouth of Nagata River; KPM–NI 24662, 154.3mm SL, mouth of Nagata River; KPM–NI 24673,
177.1 mm SL, Onoaida; KPM–NI 24674, 160.3
mm SL, Onoaida; KPM–NI 24675, 162.2 mm SL,
Onoaida; NSMT–P 77582, 288.8 mm SL, Nagata; NSMT–P 77664, 170.5 mm SL, Miyanoura;
NSMT–P 77665, 161.0 mm SL, Miyanoura; NSMT–P 91370, 115 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P
96014, 263.0 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River;
NSMT–P 96390, 156.5 mm SL, mouth of Tainoko
River.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
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H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 197. Decapterus macrosoma (NSMT–P 76550, 285.9mm SL, preserved specimen).

Fig. 195. Caranx sexfasciatus (KPM–NI 24277, 242.4 mm
SL).

Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833)[Jpn name: Kusayamoro] (Fig. 196)
FRLM 34662, 252.5 mm SL, off Ambo;
FRLM 34663, 316.0 mm SL, off Ambo; FRLM
34664, 282.1 mm SL, off Ambo; FRLM 34665,
274.5 mm SL, off Ambo; FRLM 34666, 292.0mm SL, off Ambo; FRLM 34667, 299.7 mm
SL, off Ambo; FRLM 34668, 268.7 mm SL,
off Ambo; FRLM 34669, 275.5 mm SL, off
Ambo; FRLM 34670, 275.5 mm SL, off Ambo;
FRLM 34704, 360.1 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island;
KAUM–I. 11254, 364.3 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; NSMT–P 76551, 247.9 mm SL, south ofYaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 76552, 4 specimens,
253.4–275.5 mm SL, south of Yaku-shima Island.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Decapterus tabl Berry, 1968
[Jpn name: Oakamuro] (Fig. 198)
NSMT–P 76549, 5 specimens, 266.0–302.2mm SL, south of Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 198. Decapterus tabl (NSMT–P 76549, 302.2 mm SL,
preserved specimen).

Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825)[Jpn name: Tsumuburi] (Fig. 199)
NSMT–P 91962, 459.6 mm SL, Hirauchi;
NSMT–P 91963, 432.5 mm SL, Hirauchi.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 199. Elagatis bipinnulata (NSMT–P 91962, 459.6 mm
SL).
Fig. 196. Decapterus macarellus (KAUM–I. 11254, 364.3mm SL).

Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker, 1851
[Jpn name: Moro] (Fig. 197)
NSMT–P 76550, 7 specimens, 222.2–285.9mm SL, south of Yaku-shima Island.
Decapterus muroadsi (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844)[Jpn name: Muroaji]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
116

Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Burimodoki]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Shimaaji]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Scomberoides lysan (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Ikekatsuo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793)[Jpn name: Meaji]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810)[Jpn name: Kampachi] (Fig. 200)
KPM–NI 24273, 170.8 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–
NI 24275, 176.3 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 201. Trachinotus baillonii (KPM–NI 24667, 258.0mm SL).

Trachurus japonicus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844)[Jpn name: Maaji]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY BRAMIDAE
Pteraclis aesticola (Jordan and Snyder, 1901)[Jpn name: Benten-uo] (Fig. 202)
Senou and Kanno (2004): Isso.
Fig. 200. Seriola dumerili (KPM–NI 24273, 170.8 mm
SL).

Seriola lalandi Valenciennes, 1833
[Jpn name: Hiramasa]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck and Schlegel, 1845
[Jpn name: Buri]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes, 1833
[Jpn name: Hirenagakampachi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 202. Pteraclis aesticola (off Isso; after Senou andKanno, 2004).

Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Koban-aji] (Fig. 201)
KAUM–I. 11408, 11.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 15414, 105.6 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KPM–NI 24667, 258.0 mm SL, Onoaida.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

FAMILY LUTJANIDAE
Aprion virescens Valenciennes, 1830
[Jpn name: Aochibiki] (Fig. 203)
NSMT–P 91961, 441.4 mm SL, Hirauchi.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Marukoban]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Etelis coruscans Valenciennes, 1862
[Jpn name: Hamadai] (Fig. 204)
KAUM–I. 21947, 271.4 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland.
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H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 203. Aprion virescens (NSMT–P 91961, 441.4 mm
SL).

Fig. 204. Etelis coruscans (KAUM–I. 21947, 271.4 mm
SL).

Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Gomafuedai] (Fig. 205)
BSKU 96690, 18.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 20303, 66.7 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River;
KAUM–I. 24697, 57.6 mm SL, mouth of Kurio
River; KAUM–I. 24698, 20.4 mm SL, mouth of
Kurio River; KAUM–I. 25229, 208.5 mm SL,
mouth of Ambo River; KPM–NI 24280, 262.4mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; NSMT–P
68063, 36.9 mm SL, mouth of Nagata River; NSMT–P 77626, 309 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura
River; NSMT–P 96393, 265.7 mm SL, Ambo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 205. Lutjanus argentimaculatus (upper: KAUM–I.
20303, 66.7 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 25229, 208.5mm SL).

Fig. 206. Lutjanus bengalensis (off Isso, 20 m, 16 Jan.
2010, S. Harazaki).

Lutjanus bengalensis (Bloch, 1790)[Jpn name: Bengarufuedai] (Fig. 206)
Lutjanus bohar (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Barafuedai] (Fig. 207)
NSMT–P 77718, 630 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Lutjanus decussatus (Cuvier, 1828)[Jpn name: Amimefuedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
118

Fig. 207. Lutjanus bohar (NSMT–P 77718, 630 mm SL).

Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Nisekurohoshifuedai] (Fig. 208)
KAUM–I. 11486, 56.4 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 21761, 76.7 mm SL,
mouth of Ambo River; KPM–NI 24251, 99.6 mm

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

SL, mouth of Nagata River; KPM–NI 24660, 76.2mm SL, mouth of Nagata River.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 208. Lutjanus fulviflamma (KAUM–I. 21761, 76.7 mm
SL).

Lutjanus fulvus (Forster, 1801)[Jpn name: Okifuedai] (Fig. 209)
KAUM–I. 11404, 111.7 mm SL, mouth ofAmbo River; KAUM–I. 20309, 77.9 mm SL,
mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 20325, 26.4mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 25048,
81.2 mm SL, mouth of Nagata River; KAUM–I.
25233, 147.5 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 22571,
21.7 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Himefuedai] (Fig. 210)
MUFS 25530, 158.6 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Yosujifuedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Lutjanus monostigma (Cuvier, 1828)[Jpn name: Ittenfuedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 209. Lutjanus fulvus (upper: KAUM–I. 20325, 26.4mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 25048, 81.2 mm SL).

Fig. 210. Lutjanus gibbus (MUFS 25530, 158.6 mm SL).

Lutjanus quinquelineatus (Bloch, 1790)[Jpn name: Rokusenfuedai] (Fig. 211)
NSMT–P 77654, 126.2 mm SL, Nagata.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Lutjanus spilurus):
Yaku-shima Island.
Lutjanus rivulatus (Cuvier, 1828)[Jpn name: Namifuedai]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Lutjanus russellii (Bleeker, 1849)[Jpn name: Kurohoshifuedai] (Fig. 212)
KAUM–I. 11504, 19.6 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
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H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 211. Lutjanus quinquelineatus (NSMT–P 77654, 126.2
mm SL).

Fig. 213. Lutjanus stellatus (KAUM–I. 21760, 75.9 mm
SL).

Fig. 212. Lutjanus russellii (KAUM–I. 11504, 19.6 mm
SL).

Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier, 1816)[Jpn name: Sennendai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Lutjanus stellatus Akazaki, 1983
[Jpn name: Fuedai] (Fig. 213)
KAUM–I. 21760, 75.9 mm SL, mouth ofAmbo River; KAUM–I. 21762, 80.4 mm SL,
mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 25048, 81.2mm SL, mouth of Nagata River; MUFS 25564,
34.8 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77651, 203 mm
SL, Nagata.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Macolor macularis Fowler, 1931
[Jpn name: Hohosujitarumi] (Fig. 214)
Macolor niger (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Madaratarumi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
120

Fig. 214. Macolor macularis (off Isso, 18 m, 25 Aug. 2004,
S. Harazaki).

Paracaesio caerulea (Katayama, 1934)[Jpn name: Aodai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Paracaesio kusakarii Abe, 1960
[Jpn name: Shimaaodai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Paracaesio xanthura (Bleeker, 1869)[Jpn name: Umeiro] (Fig. 215)
FRLM 34698, 249.5 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; FRLM 34699, 247.0 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; KAUM–I. 11252, 264.2 mm SL, Yakushima Island; KAUM–I. 11253, 267.7 mm SL,
Yaku-shima Island; MUFS 25523, 260.9 mm SL,
Yaku-shima Island; MUFS 25524, 255.5 mm SL,

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima IslandYaku-shima Island; MUFS 25525, 245.8 mm SL,
Yaku-shima Island.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

FAMILY LOBOTIDAE
Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790)[Jpn name: Matsudai] (Fig. 217)
KAUM–I. 21776, 53.6 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 215. Paracaesio xanthura (KAUM–I. 11253, 267.7mm SL).

FAMILY CAESIONIDAE
Caesio teres Seale, 1906
[Jpn name: Umeiromodoki] (Fig. 216)
BSKU 96649, 26.1 mm SL, Isso; FRLM
34725, 277.7 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 217. Lobotes surinamensis (KAUM–I. 21776, 53.6mm SL).

FAMILY GERREIDAE
Gerres equulus Temminck and Schlegel, 1844
[Jpn name: Kurosagi] (Fig. 218)
KPM–NI 24276, 208.6 mm SL, mouth of
Miyanoura River; KPM–NI 24658, 203.6 mm
SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; NSMT–P 96392,
192.7 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River.

Fig. 216. Caesio teres (FRLM 34725, 277.7 mm SL).

Pterocaesio digramma (Bleeker, 1864)[Jpn name: Takasago]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Pterocaesio tile (Cuvier, 1830)[Jpn name: Kumasasahanamuro]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 218. Gerres equulus (KPM–NI 24658, 203.6 mm SL).

Gerres filamentosus Cuvier, 1829
[Jpn name: Itohikisagi] (Fig. 219)
KAUM–I. 11488, 42.2 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11497, 42.4 mm SL,
mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 24699,
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H. Motomura et al.

62.3 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–
I. 24700, 46.6 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River;
KAUM–I. 24701, 43.7 mm SL, mouth of Kurio
River; KAUM–I. 24702, 24.1 mm SL, mouthof Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24703, 23.1 mm SL,
mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24704, 22.6 mm
SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24705, 20.1mm SL, mouth of Kurio River.

Parapristipoma trilineatum (Thunberg, 1793)[Jpn name: Isaki]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède, 1801
[Jpn name: Chochokoshodai] (Fig. 221)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 219. Gerres filamentosus (KAUM–I. 11488, 42.2 mm
SL).
Fig. 221. Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides (off Isso, 6 m, 11
Apr. 2007, S. Harazaki).

Gerres oyena (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Minamikurosagi] (Fig. 220)
KAUM–I. 11409, 11.0 mm SL, Kurio Beach;
KAUM–I. 11411, 8.5 mm SL, Kurio Beach.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Remarks: Previous records of G. oyena from
Yaku-shima Island possibly included G. equulus.

Fig. 220. Gerres oyena (KAUM–I. 11409, 11.0 mm SL).

FAMILY HAEMULIDAE
Diagramma picta picta (Thunberg, 1792)[Jpn name: Korodai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Plectorhinchus pictus): Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: Johnson et al. (2001) regarded it asa valid subspecies.
122

Plectorhinchus chrysotaenia (Bleeker, 1855)[Jpn name: Nijikoshodai]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Plectorhinchus cinctus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843)[Jpn name: Koshodai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier, 1830)[Jpn name: Osharekoshodai] (Fig. 222)
NSMT–P 77642, 267.6 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 222. Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (NSMT–P 77642,
267.6 mm SL).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède, 1802)[Jpn name: Kurokoshodai] (Fig. 223)
KAUM–I. 24706, 75.9 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KPM-NI 24266, 331.3 mm SL, mouthof Miyanoura River; NSMT–P 77639, 359.4 mm
SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Plectorhinchus
niger): Yaku-shima Island. Yonezawa (2003c):
Yaku-shima Island. Matsunuma et al. (2009):
mouth of Miyanoura River.

Plectorhinchus picus (Cuvier, 1828)[Jpn name: Ajiakoshodai] (Fig. 225)
NSMT–P 91951, 443 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 225. Plectorhinchus picus (NSMT–P 91951, 443 mm
SL).

Fig. 223. Plectorhinchus gibbosus (NSMT–P 77639, 359.4mm SL).

Plectorhinchus lessonii (Cuvier, 1830).
[Jpn name: Hiregurokoshodai] (Fig. 224)
FRLM 34694, 266.1 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
77633, 282.0 mm SL, Nanase.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Musujikoshodai] (Fig. 226)
FRLM 34723, 349.0 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
77632, 300.6 mm SL, Nanase.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Plectorhinchus diagrammus): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999,
as Plectorhinchus orientalis): Kurio.
Remarks: This species has currently been
regarded as a senior synonym of Plectorhinchus
orientalis (Bloch, 1793).

Fig. 226. Plectorhinchus vittatus (NSMT–P 77632, 300.6mm SL).
Fig. 224. Plectorhinchus lessonii (FRLM 34694, 266.1 mm
SL).

Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Ayakoshodai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Plectorhinchus goldmammi): Yaku-shima Island.

Pomadasys quadrilineatus Shen and Lin, 1984
[Jpn name: Sujimizoisaki] (Fig. 227)
Senou and Harazaki (2004): Isso. Matsunuma
et al. (2009): KAUM–I. 25047, 103.8 mm SL,
mouth of Nagata River; underwater photographs,
Nagata and mouth of Miyanoura River.
123

H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 227. Pomadasys quadrilineatus (KAUM–I. 25047,
103.8 mm SL).

FAMILY NEMIPTERIDAE
Parascolopsis eriomma (Jordan and Richardson, 1909)[Jpn name: Akatamagashira] (Fig. 228)
KAUM–I. 7409, 208.6 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; KAUM–I. 7410, 242.0 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 95154, 229.1 mm SL, Yakushima Island.

Fig. 229. Pentapodus aureofasciatus (upper two from Motomura and Harazaki, 2007; lower two: KAUM–I. 285,
male, 158.5 mm SL and KAUM–I. 14137, female,
156.0 mm SL).
Fig. 228. Parascolopsis eriomma (KAUM–I. 7410, 242.0mm SL).

Scolopsis affinis Peters, 1877
[Jpn name: Himetamagashira] (Fig. 231)
Pentapodus aureofasciatus Russell, 2001
[Jpn name: Yakushimakitsuneuo] (Fig. 229)
KAUM–I. 14137, 156.0 mm SL, Shitoko.
Motomura and Harazaki (2007): KAUM–I.
35, 150.0 mm SL, Shitoko; KAUM–I. 285, 158.5mm SL, off Isso. Motomura and Sakurai (2008):
KAUM–I. 285, 158.5 mm SL, off Isso.

Scolopsis bilineata (Bloch, 1793)[Jpn name: Futasujitamagashira] (Fig. 232)
KAUM–I. 11334, 164.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KPM–NI 24259, 143.4 mm SL, Yoshida.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Pentapodus caninus (Cuvier, 1830)[Jpn name: Kitsuneuo] (Fig. 230)
Motomura and Harazaki (2007): off Isso.

Scolopsis lineata Quoy and Gaimard, 1824
[Jpn name: Yokoshimatamagashira]Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Scolopsis cancellatus): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Pentapodus nagasakiensis (Tanaka, 1915)[Jpn name: Itotamagashira]Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Scolopsis monogramma (Cuvier, 1830)[Jpn name: Hitosujitamagashira] (Fig. 233)124

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 233. Scolopsis monogramma (off Isso, 15 m, 15 July
2009, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 230. Pentapodus caninus (off Isso; from Motomura
and Harazaki, 2007).

Fig. 231. Scolopsis affinis (off Isso, 15 m, 15 July 2009, S.
Harazaki).

Fig. 232. Scolopsis bilineata (KPM–NI 24259, 143.4 mm
SL).

Scolopsis trilineata Kner, 1868
[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 234)
Remarks: The underwater photograph showsthat the fish has scales dorsally on the head reaching forward only to above the middle of the eye;a forked caudal fin; and a body gray dorsally,
silvery white ventrally, with distinct stripes on
the dorsal and upper lateral surfaces of the body.
The dorsal head squamation and color pattern ofthe photographed individual agree with those of
Scolopsis trilineata given by Russell (2001) andRandall (2005).
This species has been known in the western
Pacific, only from Taiwan to Tonga and Australia(Shen, 1997; Russell, 2001; Randall, 2005); thus
the photographed individual taken at Yaku-shimaIsland represents the first record of the species
from Japan and the northernmonst record for the
species. No other individuals have been observedin the island.

Fig. 234. Scolopsis trilineata (off Isso, 9 m, 16 Oct. 2009, S.
Harazaki).

125

H. Motomura et al.

FAMILY LETHRINIDAE
Gnathodentex aureolineatus (Lacepède, 1802)[Jpn name: Nokogiridai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Gymnocranius euanus (Günther, 1879)[Jpn name: Shirodai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Gymnocranius affinis): Yaku-shima Island.
Gymnocranius griseus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843)[Jpn: Meichidai] (Fig. 235)
MUFS 25519, 254.0 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; MUFS 25520, 316.3 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; MUFS 25521, 366.0 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; MUFS 25522, 300.0 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland.
Remarks: This name has been applied to morethan one species and is under investigation by Y.
Iwatsuki (MUFS) and his colleagues. The Yakushima Island specimens also include several morphotypes.

Fig. 235. Gymnocranius griseus (MUFS 25519, 254.0 mm
SL).

Lethrinus atkinsoni Seale, 1910
[Jpn name: Isofuefuki]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Lethrinus mahsena):
Yaku-shima Island.
Lethrinus haematopterus Temminck and Schlegel, 1844
[Jpn name: Fuefukidai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

126

Lethrinus harak (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Matofuefuki]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Hamafuefuki] (Fig. 236)
NSMT–P 95399, 179.6 mm SL, Miyanoura.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 236. Lethrinus nebulosus (NSMT–P 95399, 179.6 mm
SL, preserved specimen).

Lethrinus rubrioperculatus Sato, 1978
[Jpn name: Hoakakuchibi] (Fig. 237)
FRLM 34700, 347.1 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; KAUM–I. 11249, 338.2 mm SL, Yakushima Island.

Fig. 237. Lethrinus rubrioperculatus (FRLM 34700, 347.1
mm SL).

Monotaxis grandoculis (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Yokoshimakurodai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
FAMILY SPARIDAE
Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Bleeker, 1854)[Jpn name: Kurodai] (Fig. 238)
KAUM–I. 11487, 62.3 mm SL, mouth of Mi-

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

yanoura River; KAUM–I. 11498, 52.2 mm SL,
mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11499,
60.4 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; NSMT–P 77927, 215 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77928,
400 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95760, 342.0 mm
SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; NSMT–P 96013,
217.5 mm SL, mouth of Nagata River; NSMT–P
96388, 314.6 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River;
NSMT–P 96389, 383.1 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Shinomiya and Yonezawa (2002): Yaku-shimaIsland. Yonezawa (2003c): Yaku-shima Island.

Dentex hypselosomus Bleeker, 1854
[Jpn name: Kidai]
KAUM–I. 21945, 179.6 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Dentex tumifrons):
Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: Ichikawa et al. (1992) mentionedthat their D. tumifrons (= D. hypselosomus) might
be Kibireakarenko, Dentex sp. (= D. abei).
Pagrus major (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843)[Jpn name: Madai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Hedai] (Fig. 240)
KPM–NI 24663, 99.2 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura; NSMT–P 91952, 303 mm SL, mouth of
Kurio River.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Sparus sarba): Yakushima Island.

Fig. 238. Acanthopagrus schlegelii (NSMT–P 95760,
342.0 mm SL).

Acanthopagrus sivicolus Akazaki, 1962
[Jpn name: Minamikurodai] (Fig. 239)
NSMT–P 77929, 325 mm SL, Kurio.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 239. Acanthopagrus sivicolus (NSMT–P 77929, 325
mm SL).

Fig. 240. Rhabdosargus sarba (NSMT–P 91952, 303 mm
SL).

FAMILY POLYNEMIDAE
Polydactylus plebeius (Broussonet, 1782)[Jpn name: Tsubamekonoshiro] (Fig. 241)
KAUM–I. 10701, 47.6 mm SL, Nagakubo;
KAUM–I. 10702, 47.7 mm SL, Nagakubo;
KAUM–I. 10703, 47.8 mm SL, Nagakubo;
KAUM–I. 10704, 47.9 mm SL, Nagakubo;
KAUM–I. 10705, 47.1 mm SL, Nagakubo;
KAUM–I. 11410, 41.3 mm SL, Kurio Beach; NSMT–P 77729, 41.0 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P
77730, 48.2 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77731,
41.6 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77732, 44.5
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H. Motomura et al.

mm SL, Nagakubo;
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Polydactylus plebejus): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 241. Polydactylus plebeius (KAUM–I. 11410, 41.3mm SL).

Fig. 243. Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (off Isso, 8 m, 19
Jan. 2010, S. Harazaki).

FAMILY MULLIDAE
Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Montsukiakahimeji] (Fig. 242)
KAUM–I. 20053, 113.1 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Fig. 244. Parupeneus barberinoides (off Isso, 12 m, 17Jan. 2010, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 242. Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (KAUM–I. 20053,
113.1 mm SL).

Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (Valenciennes, 1831)[Jpn name: Akahimeji] (Fig. 243)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Parupeneus barberinoides (Bleeker, 1852)[Jpn name: Indohimeji] (Fig. 244)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: This species occurs in depths of
10–15 m at Yaku-shima Island.

128

Parupeneus barberinus (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Osujihimeji] (Fig. 245)
KAUM–I. 11293, 31.2 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20045, 57.1 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20046, 58.1 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20132, 65.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20154, 49.8 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20188, 88.9 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 245. Parupeneus barberinus (KAUM–I. 20045, 57.1mm SL).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Parupeneus ciliatus (Lacepède, 1802)[Jpn name: Horaihimeji] (Fig. 246)
FRLM 34736, 81.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11164, 74.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11283,
94.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11612,
84.4 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11613, 104.4mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20048, 103.2 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20115, 81.0 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20116, 109.9 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20117, 121.8 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20118, 82.3 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20119, 115.5 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20126, 74.4 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20127, 77.1 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20128, 79.9 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20129, 84.9 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20130, 91.4 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20131, 102.4 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20133, 93.6 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20134, 94.1 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20135, 104.8 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20136, 103.4 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20137, 99.9 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20155, 81.9 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20156, 94.1 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20187, 133.9 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 21699, 69.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21700, 67.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21701,
79.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21779, 44.0 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21780, 84.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21781, 76.9 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25533, 61.5 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25534,
61.0 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25535, 66.1 mm
SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25536, 69.6 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25537, 71.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
MUFS 25538, 68.3 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS
25539, 69.1 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25540,
72.0 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25541, 69.1 mm
SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25542, 79.6 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25543, 77.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
MUFS 25544, 97.9 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS
25576, 69.3 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 17832, 27.5mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 77621, 223.2 mm
SL, mouth of Kurio River; NSMT–P 95434, 96.4mm SL, Haruo.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 246. Parupeneus ciliatus (upper: KAUM–I. 20048,
103.2 mm SL; lower: NSMT–P 77621, 223.2 mm SL).

Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Marukuchihimeji] (Fig. 247)
FRLM 34726, 354.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 20339, 84.4 mm SL, Isso.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 247. Parupeneus cyclostomus (KAUM–I. 20339, 84.4mm SL).

Parupeneus indicus (Shaw, 1803)[Jpn name: Kobanhimeji] (Fig. 248)
BSKU 96564, 54.9 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

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H. Motomura et al.

shima Island; MUFS 25526, 295.8 mm SL, Yakushima Island.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Fig. 248. Parupeneus indicus (BSKU 96564, 54.9 mm SL).

Parupeneus multifasciatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825)[Jpn name: Ojisan] (Fig. 249)
KAUM–I. 11261, 150.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20054, 174.1 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 21943, 209.8 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; KAUM–I. 25200, 130.8 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 25205, 161.0 mm SL, Onoaida; MUFS
25527, 160.4 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25528,
148.4 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25529, 160.2
mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso,
Ambo and Kurio.

Fig. 250. Parupeneus spilurus (MUFS 25526, 295.8 mm
SL).

Parupeneus trifasciatus (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Futasujihimeji]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Parupeneus bifasciatus): Yaku-shima Island.
Upeneus tragula Richardson, 1846
[Jpn name: Yomehimeji] (Fig. 251)
Remarks: Although this species is common in
depths of less than 10 m at Yaku-shima Island, no
specimens have been collected.

Fig. 249. Parupeneus multifasciatus (KAUM–I. 11261,
150.0 mm SL).

Parupeneus pleurostigma (Bennett, 1831)[Jpn name: Ryukyuhimeji]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Parupeneus spilurus (Bleeker, 1854)[Jpn name: Okinahimeji] (Fig. 250)
FRLM 34703, 273.1 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; FRLM 34724, 297.4 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11250, 285.9 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; KAUM–I. 11251, 293.8 mm SL, Yaku130

Fig. 251. Upeneus tragula (off Isso, 10 m, 17 Jan. 2010, S.
Harazaki).

FAMILY PEMPHERIDAE
Parapriacanthus ransonneti Steindachner, 1870
[Jpn name: Kimmemodoki]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Pempheris japonica Döderlein, 1883
[Jpn name: Tsumagurohatampo]
Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [two specimens (85–90 mm TL) were reported, but notfound at NSMT]. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yakushima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Pempheris schwenkii Bleeker, 1855
[Jpn name: Minamihatampo] (Fig. 252)
KAUM–I. 11383, 34.0 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11387, 13.3 mm SL, Kurio.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 252. Pempheris schwenkii (KAUM–I. 11383, 34.0 mm
SL).

Pempheris sp.
[Jpn name: Ryukyuhatampo] (Fig. 253)
FRLM 34733, 103.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11357, 106.1 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25612,
41.4 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25613, 63.5 mm SL,
Kurio; MUFS 25614, 99.1 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25615, 125.5 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25622, 36.2mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25623, 41.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25624, 41.0 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25625, 41.0 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25626, 41.3mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25627, 40.4 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25628, 41.8 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25629, 36.1 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25630, 39.1mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25631, 40.8 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25632, 42.2 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25633, 39.8 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25634, 40.4mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25635, 46.6 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25636, 40.6 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25637, 40.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25638, 43.0mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25639, 54.5 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25640, 54.0 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS

25641, 52.8 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25642, 56.5mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25643, 57.4 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25644, 65.6 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25645, 60.3 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25646, 58.8mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25647, 82.3 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25648, 84.2 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25649, 90.0 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25650, 88.7mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25651, 81.0 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25652, 89.9 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25653, 87.2 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25654, 91.0
mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25655, 87.0 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25656, 95.6 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25657, 95.9 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25658, 91.0
mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25659, 101.5 mm SL,
Kurio; MUFS 25660, 96.8 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25661, 117.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25662, 119.5mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25663, 110.3 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25664, 104.4 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25665, 44.2 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25666, 51.8mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25667, 79.2 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25668, 98.6 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25669, 121.4 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91372,
102 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91373, 45 specimens, 42–112 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 253. Pempheris sp. (KAUM–I. 11357, 106.1 mm SL).

FAMILY MONODACTYLIDAE
Monodachtylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Himetsubameuo] (Fig. 254)
BSKU 96629, 18.6 mm SL, mouth of Kurio
River; KAUM–I. 11490, 29.4 mm SL, mouth of
Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11492, 25.0 mm SL,
mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11493,
27.5 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–
131

H. Motomura et al.

I. 11494, 21.2 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura
River; KAUM–I. 11495, 26.7 mm SL, mouth of
Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11496, 30.5 mm SL,
mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 24707,
39.5 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I.
24708, 13.9 mm SL, Ambo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 254. Monodachtylus argenteus (KAUM–I. 11490, 29.4mm SL).

FAMILY KYPHOSIDAE
Girella leonina (Richardson, 1846)[Jpn name: Kuromejina] (Fig. 255)
BSKU 96667, 106.0 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM
34673, 71.6 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34680, 70.6mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11150, 73.7 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 21874, 74.1 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21875, 77.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 22814, 79.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 22815,
135.9 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25452, 63.5 mm
SL, Kurio; MUFS 25453, 52.9 mm SL, Kurio;
MUFS 25454, 53.9 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25455,
52.6 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25456, 56.9 mm SL,
Kurio; MUFS 25457, 63.4 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25458, 55.1 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25459, 59.4mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25460, 51.3 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25461, 59.1 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25462, 51.9 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25463, 59.8
132mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25464, 58.6 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25465, 52.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25466, 55.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25467, 55.5mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25468, 57.5 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25469, 56.3 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25470, 56.8 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25471, 58.4mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25472, 57.5 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25473, 49.3 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25474, 59.3 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25475, 61.5mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25476, 53.2 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25477, 68.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25478, 61.9 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25479, 53.2mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25480, 82.6 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25481, 60.1 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25565, 53.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25566, 54.2mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25567, 64.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25568, 66.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25569, 66.9 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25570, 66.6mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91378, 34 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91498, 20 specimens, 39–59 mm
SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91500, 60 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 91602, 4 specimens, 13–51 mm SL, Nagakubo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Girella melanichthys): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Yagishita and Nakabo (2000): ZUMT 40460,
105.3 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; ZUMT 41089,
107.2 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. MOSC (2002):
Isso, Ambo and Kurio.
Remarks: Although species of the genus Girella has often been classified as the family Girellidae, we treat the species as a member of the family Kyphosidae (subfamily Girellinae), following
Nelson’s (2006) classification.

Fig. 255. Girella leonina (KAUM–I. 11150, 73.7 mm SL).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Girella mezina Jordan and Starks, 1907
[Jpn name: Okinamejina] (Fig. 256)
BSKU 96668, 96.0 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM
34672, 78.0 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34678, 99.3mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34679, 94.6 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 11152, 108.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 20150, 78.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 20161, 62.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 22810,
107.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 22811, 94.6 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 22812, 119.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 22813, 119.0 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91496, 82 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91497,
14 specimens, 37–78 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
95438, 110.2 mm SL, Haruo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Yagishita and Nakabo(2000): ZUMT 39800, 128.8 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; ZUMT 39801, 153.8 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland. MOSC (2002): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 257. Kyphosus bigibbus (KPM–NI 22926, 118.9 mm
SL).

Kyphosus pacificus Sakai and Nakabo, 2004
[Jpn name: Minamiisuzumi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as K.yphosus bigibbus):Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999, as Kyphosussp.): Kurio.
Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825)[Jpn name: Isuzumi] (Fig. 258)
MUFS 25531, 135.6 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Kyphosus lembus):Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 256. Girella mezina (KAUM–I. 11152, 108.7 mm SL).

Girella punctata Gray, 1835
[Jpn name: Mejina]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Yagishita and Nakabo (2000): ZUMT 40461, 70.0
mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. MOSC (2002): Yakushima Island.
Kyphosus bigibbus Lacepède, 1801
[Jpn name: Notoisuzumi] (Fig. 257)
KPM–NI 22926, 118.9 mm SL, Koseda.
Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Tenjikuisaki]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 258. Kyphosus vaigiensis (MUFS 25531, 135.6 mm
SL).

Microcanthus strigatus (Cuvier, 1831)[Jpn name: Kagokakidai] (Fig. 259)
KAUM–I. 11128, 56.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11154, 51.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
20062, 79.9 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20063,
85.3 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 25201, 82.6mm SL, mouth of Nagata River.
Jordan and Starks (1906): Miyanoura [onespecimen (35 mm TL) was reported, but not found133

H. Motomura et al.

at CAS or USNM]. Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa (one specimen was reported, but not foundat NSMT). Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shimaIsland. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002):
Isso, Ambo, Kurio.
Remarks: Although this species has often beenclassified as the family Microcanthidae, we treat
the species as a member of the family Kyphosidae(subfamily Microcanthinae), following Nelson’s(2006) classification.
Fig. 260. Chaetodon argentatus (BSKU 96600, 74.9 mm
SL).

Chaetodon auriga Forsskål, 1775
[Jpn name: Togechochouo] (Fig. 261)
KAUM–I. 11199, 139.6 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11606, 52.9 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
11657, 34.9 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20031,
53.8 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20032, 50.6mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20033, 50.3 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20034, 49.0 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20036, 60.0 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20038, 21.9 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20282, 65.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21852, 21.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21853,
23.2 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25610, 39.1 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 95441, 79.5 mm SL, Haruo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001):
Yaku-shima Island. MOSC (2002): Yaku-shimaIsland.
Fig. 259. Microcanthus strigatus (upper: KAUM–I. 11128,
56.2 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 25201, 82.6 mm SL).

FAMILY CHAETODONTIDAE
Chaetodon argentatus Smith and Radcliffe, 1911
[Jpn name: Kagamichochouo] (Fig. 260)
BSKU 96600, 74.9 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001):
Yaku-shima Island.

134

Fig. 261. Chaetodon auriga (KAUM–I. 11199, 139.6 mm
SL).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Chaetodon auripes Jordan and Snyder, 1901
[Jpn name: Chochouo] (Fig. 262)
BSKU 96663, 49.9 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU
96664, 51.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11168, 43.9mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11292, 23.2 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11607, 44.6 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11608, 42.5 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 11658, 21.6 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11659,
40.8 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20035, 44.0 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20037, 46.0 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20283, 59.5 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21667, 29.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21668, 35.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21669,
30.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21670, 30.1 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21672, 31.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21673, 51.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21845, 29.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21846,
27.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21847, 28.3 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21848, 32.8 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21849, 28.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21850, 22.4 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25552, 18.1mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25553, 21.7 mm SL,
Yudomari; MUFS 25557, 37.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
MUFS 25558, 37.6 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS
25559, 42.9 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25560,
18.9 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25577, 25.0 mm
SL, Kurio; MUFS 25578, 10.8 mm SL, Kurio;
MUFS 25579, 24.8 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25580,
30.2 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25581, 31.8 mm SL,
Kurio; MUFS 25582, 33.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25583, 33.4 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25584, 37.9mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25585, 38.3 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25586, 39.5 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25587, 40.0 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25588, 37.8mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25590, 45.9 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25591, 48.2 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25592, 47.4 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77741, 24.8mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77742, 18.1 mm
SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77743, 15.3 mm SL,
Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91581, 46.0 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 91659, 4 specimens, 22.2–45.2 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 95440, 83.3 mm SL, Haruo.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Chaetodon collaris):
NSMT–P 17861, 39.2 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58093, 51.5 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa
et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999):
Kurio. Matsumoto (2001): Yaku-shima Island.
MOSC (2002): Isso, Ambo and Kurio.

Fig. 262. Chaetodon auripes (KAUM–I. 11168, 43.9 mm
SL).

Chaetodon baronessa Cuvier, 1829
[Jpn name: Mikadochochouo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2001): Yaku-shima Island.
Chaetodon bennetti Cuvier, 1831
[Jpn name: Umizukichochouo]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001):
Shitoko and Miyanoura.
Chaetodon citrinellus Cuvier, 1831
[Jpn name: Gomachochouo] (Fig. 263)
KAUM–I. 11194, 36.6 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11201, 60.6 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001):
Yaku-shima Island.
Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier, 1831
[Jpn name: Segurochochouo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2001): Yaku-shima Island.
Chaetodon kleinii Bloch, 1790
[Jpn name: Mizorechochouo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001):
Yaku-shima Island.

135

H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 263. Chaetodon citrinellus (KAUM–I. 11194, 36.6mm SL).

Chaetodon lineolatus Cuvier, 1831
[Jpn name: Nisefuraichochouo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001):
Yaku-shima Island.
Chaetodon lunula (Lacepède, 1802)[Jpn name: Chohan] (Fig. 264)
BSKU 96665, 58.4 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU
96666, 63.7 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34695, 161.4mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34710, 52.3 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11169, 42.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20030, 44.7 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20284, 67.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
20285, 54.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21671,
25.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21844, 47.3 mm
SL, Kurio; MUFS 25554, 22.8 mm SL, Yudomari;
MUFS 25555, 35.9 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS
25556, 38.6 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25589,
44.1 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25617, 39.2 mm SL,
Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 58123, 47.0mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yakushima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto(2001): Yaku-shima Island. MOSC (2002): Yakushima Island.
Chaetodon lunulatus Quoy and Gaimard, 1825
[Jpn name: Misujichochouo] (Fig. 265)
KAUM–I. 20039, 16.9 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20078, 34.3 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20201, 19.8 mm SL, Yudomari.
136

Fig. 264. Chaetodon lunula (KAUM–I. 11169, 42.5 mm
SL).

Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Chaetodon trifasciatus): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Matsumoto (2001, as Chaetodon trifasciatus):
Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 265. Chaetodon lunulatus (KAUM–I. 20078, 34.3 mm
SL).

Chaetodon melannotus Bloch and Schneider, 1801
[Jpn name: Akebonochochouo] (Fig. 266)
KAUM–I. 11337, 40.7 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2001): Yaku-shima Island.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 266. Chaetodon melannotus (KAUM–I. 11337, 40.7mm SL).

Chaetodon meyeri Bloch and Schneider, 1801
[Jpn name: Ogichochouo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2001): Kurio, Shitoko and Miyanoura.

Fig. 267. Chaetodon plebeius (KAUM–I. 11335, 122.0 mm
SL).

Chaetodon rafflesii Bennett, 1830
[Jpn name: Amichochouo] (Fig. 268)
BSKU 96554, 27.2 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2001): Yaku-shima Island.

Chaetodon nippon Steindachner and Döderlein, 1883
[Jpn name: Shirakodai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2001): Yaku-shima Island.
Chaetodon ornatissimus Cuvier, 1831
[Jpn name: Hanagurochochouo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001): Kurio and Isso.
Chaetodon plebeius Cuvier, 1831
[Jpn name: Sumitsukitonosamadai] (Fig. 267)
KAUM–I. 11335, 122.0 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77580, 132 mm SL, Nagata.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001):
Yaku-shima Island.
Chaetodon punctatofasciatus Cuvier, 1831
[Jpn name: Shichisenchochouo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2001): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 268. Chaetodon rafflesii (BSKU 96554, 27.2 mm SL).

Chaetodon reticulatus Cuvier, 1831
[Jpn name: Hakutenkatagi]
Matsumoto (2001): Isso.
Chaetodon speculum Cuvier, 1831
[Jpn name: Tonosamadai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001):
Yaku-shima Island.
137

H. Motomura et al.

Chaetodon trifascialis Quoy and Gaimard, 1825
[Jpn name: Yarikatagi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001):
Yaku-shima Island.
Chaetodon ulietensis Cuvier, 1831
[Jpn name: Sudarechochouo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2001): Yaku-shima Island.
Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch, 1787
[Jpn name: Ittenchochouo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001): Kurio and Shitoko.
Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758
[Jpn name: Furaichochouo] (Fig. 269)
KAUM–I. 11160, 27.0 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11195, 27.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
11604, 82.1 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11605,
77.7 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11660, 36.7mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11661, 33.5 mm SL,
Ambo; KAUM–I. 20025, 63.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20026, 51.6 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20027, 57.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20028, 66.1 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20029, 40.2 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 21851, 28.6 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25561, 34.2 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91586,
23 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 95442, 71.7 mm
SL, Haruo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001):
Yaku-shima Island.
Chaetodon wiebeli Kaup, 1863
[Jpn name: Tsukichochouo]
Matsumoto (2001): Yaku-shima Island.
Chaetodon xanthurus Bleeker, 1857
[Jpn name: Amimechochouo]
Matsumoto (2001): Yaku-shima Island.

138

Fig. 269. Chaetodon vagabundus (KAUM–I. 11660, 36.7mm SL).

Forcipiger flavissimus Jordan and McGregor, 1898
[Jpn name: Fueyakkodai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001, as
Forcipiger longirostris): Yaku-shima Island.
Hemitaurichthys polylepis (Bleeker, 1857)[Jpn name: Kasumichochouo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2001): Yaku-shima Island.
Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Hatatatedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2001): Yaku-shima Island.
Heniochus chrysostomus Cuvier, 1831
[Jpn name: Minamihatatatedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001): Kurio and Isso.
Heniochus diphreutes Jordan, 1903
[Jpn name: Murehatatatedai]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001):
Isso.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Heniochus monoceros Cuvier, 1831
[Jpn name: Onihatatatedai] (Fig. 270)
KAUM–I. 11522, 46.2 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 21843, 51.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23523, 41.8 mm SL, Ambo; NSMT–P 77660,
137.0 mm SL, Miyanoura.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001): Kurio.

Heniochus singularius Smith and Radcliffe, 1911
[Jpn name: Shimahatatatedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2001): Kurio.
Heniochus varius (Cuvier, 1829)[Jpn name: Tsunohatatatedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2001):
Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY POMACANTHIDAE
Apolemichthys trimaculatus (Cuvier, 1831)[Jpn name: Shiten-yakko] (Fig. 271)
NSMT–P 91965, 160.0 mm SL, Isso
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2002):
Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 271. Apolemichthys trimaculatus (NSMT–P 91965,
160.0 mm SL).

Centropyge bicolor (Bloch, 1787)[Jpn name: Somewakeyakko]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2002): Yaku-shima Island.
Centropyge ferrugata Randall and Burgess, 1972
[Jpn name: Akaharayakko] (Fig. 272)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2002): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 270. Heniochus monoceros (upper: KAUM–I. 11522,
46.2 mm SL; lower: NSMT–P 77660, 137.0 mm SL).

Centropyge heraldi Woods and Schultz, 1953
[Jpn name: Herarudokoganeyakko]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2002): Yaku-shima Island.
139

H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 273. Centropyge vrolikii (NSMT–P 58105, 77.3 mm
SL, preserved specimen).

Fig. 272. Centropyge ferrugata (off Isso, 3 m, 4 Mar. 2005,
S. Harazaki).

Centropyge tibicen (Cuvier, 1831)[Jpn name: Aburayakko]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2002):
Yaku-shima Island.
Centropyge venusta (Yasuda and Tominaga, 1969)[Jpn name: Sumireyakko]
Matsumoto (2002, as Holacanthus venustus):
Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: The generic name of this species has
been confused, having been listed as Centropyge,
Holacanthus, Paracentropyge, and Sumireyakko
in various publications over the last 20 years. We
follow Myers’ (1999) and Pyle’s (2001) genericplacement for the species.
Centropyge vrolikii (Bleeker, 1853)[Jpn name: Namerayakko] (Fig. 273)
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 58105, 77.3mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yakushima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2002, as Centropyge vrolicki): Yaku-shimaIsland.

Fig. 274. Genicanthus lamarck (off Isso, 20 m, 19 Jan.
2010, S. Harazaki).

Genicanthus melanospilos (Bleeker, 1857)[Jpn name: Yaitoyakko]
Matsumoto (2002): Yaku-shima Island.
Genicanthus semifasciatus (Kamohara, 1934)[Jpn name: Tosayakko]
Matsumoto (2002): Yaku-shima Island.
Genicanthus watanabei (Yasuda and Tominaga, 1970)[Jpn name: Hirenagayakko] (Fig. 275)

Genicanthus lamarck (Lacepède, 1802)[Jpn name: Tatejimayakko] (Fig. 274)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2002): Yaku-shima Island.
Fig. 275. Genicanthus watanabei (off Nagata, 25 m, 15
June 2009, S. Harazaki).

140

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Pomacanthus imperator (Bloch, 1787)[Jpn name: Tatejimakinchakudai] (Fig. 276)
KAUM–I. 20109, 171.8 mm SL, Yudomari;
NSMT–P 77648, 182.9 mm SL, Nagata; NSMT–P
91369, 2 specimens, 13.7–14.2 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2002):
Yaku-shima Island. MOSC (2002): Isso, Ambo
and Kurio.

shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto(2002): Yaku-shima Island. MOSC (2002): Isso,
Ambo and Kurio.

Fig. 276. Pomacanthus imperator (KAUM–I. 20109, 171.8mm SL).

Pomacanthus semicirculatus (Cuvier, 1831)[Jpn name: Sazanamiyakko] (Fig. 277)
FRLM 34696, 235.3 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM
34731, 74.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11131,
13.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11197, 70.3mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11209, 13.6 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 11262, 85.1 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11295, 47.6 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11525, 61.5 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
11609, 65.1 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20082,
94.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20280, 19.4mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20281, 88.5 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 21842, 108.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21872, 43.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21873, 22.6 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25572, 10.7mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25573, 48.1 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25574, 67.1 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
77659, 198 mm SL, Miyanoura; NSMT–P 95439,
102.8 mm SL, Haruo.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 58129, 33.5mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-

Fig. 277. Pomacanthus semicirculatus (upper: KAUM–I.
11209, 13.6 mm SL; middle: KAUM–I. 11525, 61.5mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11262, 85.1 mm SL).

Pygoplites diacanthus (Boddaert, 1772)[Jpn name: Nishikiyakko]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2002): Yaku-shima Island.
141

H. Motomura et al.

FAMILY PENTACEROTIDAE
Evistias acutirostris (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844)[Jpn name: Tengudai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY TERAPONTIDAE
Terapon jarbua (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Kotohiki] (Fig. 278)
KAUM–I. 11211, 14.1 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11489, 45.2 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11500, 27.2 mm SL,
mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11501,
25.0 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–
I. 11781, 5 specimens, 11.5–15.3 mm SL, mouthof Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 20050, 63.6 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 24709, 50.1 mm SL,
mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24710, 42.1 mm
SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 24278, 233.7 mm SL, mouthof Miyanoura River; KPM–NI 24307, 69.2 mm
SL, mouth of Nagata River; MUFS 25442, 11.8mm SL, Matsumine; NSMT–P 77637, 91.5 mm
SL, Ambo; NSMT–P 77992, 11.8 mm SL, mouthof Ambo River.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 278. Terapon jarbua (KAUM–I. 11489, 45.2 mm SL).

FAMILY KUHLIIDAE
Kuhlia marginata (Cuvier, 1829)[Jpn name: Yugoi] (Fig. 279)
KAUM–I. 11541, 32.7 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11550, 36.9 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
11551, 36.6 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 15415,
70.8 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I.
15419, 59.4 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–
I. 15421, 46.0 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island;142

KAUM–I. 15423, 53.2 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15424, 61.3 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; KAUM–I. 15426, 47.1 mm SL, Yakushima Island; KAUM–I. 15427, 59.9 mm SL,
Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15429, 46.5 mm
SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15430, 50.7mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15431,
53.5 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I.
15432, 46.6 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–
I. 15433, 44.4 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island;
KAUM–I. 15434, 62.6 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15435, 58.9 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; KAUM–I. 15438, 46.3 mm SL, Yakushima Island; KAUM–I. 15439, 52.3 mm SL,
Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15440, 44.4 mm
SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15446, 48.9mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15447,
48.8 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I.
15448, 47.2 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–
I. 15449, 47.2 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island;
KAUM–I. 15450, 53.2 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15451, 50.5 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; KAUM–I. 15452, 49.0 mm SL, Yakushima Island; KAUM–I. 15453, 28.3 mm SL,
Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15454, 51.4 mm
SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15455, 46.2mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15456, 6.1
mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15457,
60.0 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I.
15459, 53.1 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–
I. 15461, 50.2 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island;
KAUM–I. 15462, 44.4 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15465, 44.8 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; KAUM–I. 15466, 49.5 mm SL, Yakushima Island; KAUM–I. 15467, 53.2 mm SL,
Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15468, 44.5 mm
SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15470, 49.1mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15472,
48.1 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I.
15582, 57.7 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–
I. 15583, 55.4 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island;
KAUM–I. 15584, 52.3 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15586, 57.4 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; KAUM–I. 15588, 54.9 mm SL, Yakushima Island; KAUM–I. 15589, 44.8 mm SL,
Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15591, 55.2 mm
SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15592, 47.0mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15594,

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

46.7 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I.
15595, 53.9 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–
I. 15596, 48.5 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island;
KAUM–I. 15599, 47.4 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15600, 44.8 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; KAUM–I. 15602, 46.6 mm SL, Yakushima Island; KAUM–I. 15633, 46.3 mm SL,
Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15645, 45.2 mm
SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15646, 32.5mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 25049,
78.4 mm SL, Ambo River.

rio; MUFS 25501, 39.6 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25502, 43.2 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25503, 42.3mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25504, 42.1 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25505, 41.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25506, 42.0 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25507, 42.4mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25508, 43.2 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25509, 40.0 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25510, 47.8 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25511, 49.8mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91367, 106 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91368, 12 specimens, 49–110mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91653, 41 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 91654, 25 specimens, 16–44 mm
SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91683, 15 specimens, 16–52mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
MOSC (2002): Isso, Ambo and Kurio.

Fig. 279. Kuhlia marginata (KAUM–I. 25049, 78.4 mm
SL).

Fig. 280. Kuhlia mugil (KAUM–I. 11166, 65.7 mm SL).

Kuhlia mugil (Forster, 1801)[Jpn name: Gin-yugoi] (Fig. 280)
FRLM 34675, 59.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11116, 19.3 mm SL, Matsumine; KAUM–I.
11117, 18.9 mm SL, Matsumine; KAUM–I.
11166, 65.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11259,
137.2 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11388, 18.0mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21876, 27.6 mm SL,
Kurio; MUFS 25435, 17.6 mm SL, Matsumine;
MUFS 25482, 46.0 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25483,
47.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25484, 47.4 mm SL,
Kurio; MUFS 25485, 45.3 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25486, 43.6 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25487, 51.7mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25488, 42.9 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25489, 40.9 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25490, 41.9 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25491, 47.9mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25492, 46.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25493, 46.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25494, 42.1 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25495, 43.6mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25496, 42.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25497, 44.9 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25498, 40.0 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25499, 40.7mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25500, 47.8 mm SL, Ku-

FAMILY OPLEGNATHIDAE
Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844)[Jpn name: Ishidai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
MOSC (2002): Isso.
Oplegnathus punctatus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844)[Jpn name: Ishigakidai] (Fig. 281)
NSMT–P 77649, 220 mm SL, Nagata; NSMT–P 77650, 310 mm SL, Nagata.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso.
FAMILY CIRRHITIDAE
Cirrhitichthys aprinus (Cuvier, 1829)[Jpn name: Minamigombe]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

143

H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 283. Cirrhitus pinnulatus (NSMT–P 95436, 119.4 mm
SL, preserved specimen).

Fig. 281. Oplegnathus punctatus (NSMT–P 77649, 220
mm SL).

Oxycirrhites typus Bleeker, 1857
[Jpn name: Kudagombe] (Fig. 284)

Cirrhitichthys aureus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1842)[Jpn name: Okigombe] (Fig. 282)

Fig. 284. Oxycirrhites typus (off Nagata, 30 m, 15 June
2009, S. Harazaki).
Fig. 282. Cirrhitichthys aureus (off Isso, 25 m, 24 June
2005, S. Harazaki).

Cirrhitichthys falco Randall, 1963
[Jpn name: Sarasagombe]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Cirrhitus pinnulatus (Forster, 1801)[Jpn name: Isogombe] (Fig. 283)
NSMT–P 95436, 119.4 mm SL, Haruo.
Jordan and Starks (1906, as Cirrhitus marmoratus): SU 9785, 119.5 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Hayashi (2002): Yakushima Island.
Remarks: Jordan and Starks (1906) reported
this species as the first record from Japan on thebasis of the Yaku-shima specimen.

144

Paracirrhites arcatus (Cuvier, 1829)[Jpn name: Meganegombe]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Paracirrhites forsteri (Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Hoshigombe]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
FAMILY CHEILODACTYLIDAE
Goniistius zebra (Döderlein, 1883)[Jpn name: Migimaki] (Fig. 285)
NSMT–P 77662, 206 mm SL, Miyanoura.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

SL, Ambo; MUFS 25436, 14 mm SL, Matsumine;
NSMT–P 91495, 38 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
91655, 8 specimens, 14–33 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91679, 27 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2004b): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 285. Goniistius zebra (NSMT–P 77662, 206 mm SL).

Goniistius zonatus (Cuvier, 1830)[Jpn name: Takanohadai] (Fig. 286)
KAUM–I. 11523, 131.2 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 20067, 111.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 21841, 128.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 22820, 122.0 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77652,
288 mm SL, Nagata; NSMT–P 95411, 120.7 mm
SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 287. Abudefduf notatus (KAUM–I. 25058, 28.6 mm
SL).

Abudefduf septemfasciatus (Cuvier, 1830)[Jpn name: Shichisensuzumedai] (Fig. 288)
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17862, 32.5mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yakushima Island. Matsumoto (2004b): Kurio.

Fig. 286. Goniistius zonatus (KAUM–I. 11523, 131.2 mm
SL).

Fig. 288. Abudefduf septemfasciatus (NSMT–P 17862,
32.5 mm SL, preserved specimen).

FAMILY POMACENTRIDAE
Abudefduf bengalensis (Bloch, 1787)[Jpn name: Tenjikusuzumedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2004b): Isso.
Abudefduf notatus (Day, 1870)[Jpn name: Isosuzumedai] (Fig. 287)
FRLM 34683, 27.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11147, 33.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21770,
21.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 25058, 28.6 mm

Abudefduf sexfasciatus (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Rokusensuzumedai] (Fig. 289)
BSKU 96671, 51.0 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU
96672, 47.4 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 96673, 48.8mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11208, 24.4 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11222, 13.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11269, 36.9 mm SL, Yudomari;145

H. Motomura et al.

KAUM–I. 11602, 50.0 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
20057, 66.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20058,
64.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20059, 70.1
mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20228, 46.4 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21679, 73.4 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 22808, 5 specimens, 21.8–28.9 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23533, 16.1 mm SL, Ambo.
Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [three
specimens (49–53 mm TL) were reported, but
not found at NSMT]. Ichikawa et al. (1992, as
Abudefduf coelestinus): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): Isso.

a single specimen was listed). Ichikawa et al.
(1992): Yaku-shima Island. Matsumoto (2004b):
Miyanoura.

Fig. 290. Abudefduf sordidus (KAUM–I. 11151, 77.6 mm
SL).

Fig. 289. Abudefduf sexfasciatus (KAUM–I. 20228, 46.4mm SL).

Abudefduf sordidus (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Shimasuzumedai] (Fig. 290)
KAUM–I. 11129, 25.5 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11130, 27.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11146, 17.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11148,
32.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11151, 77.6 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 22809, 4 specimens, 18.6–
30.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 25064, 20.4 mm
SL, Ambo; MUFS 25437, 14.8 mm SL, Matsumine; NSMT–P 77566, 25.5 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77744, 23.8 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P
77745, 19.7 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77746,
16.0 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77747, 15.3mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91355, 17 mm SL,
Yudomari; NSMT–P 91607, 6 specimens, 14–24mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91658, 16 specimens, 11–20 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91680, 24mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95466, 65.5 mm SL,
Hirauchi.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17835, 4
specimens, 16.7–22.8 mm SL, Kusugawa (only146

Abudefduf vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825)[Jpn name: Oyabitcha] (Fig. 291)
BSKU 96674, 39.8 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU
96675, 43.5 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 96676, 44.8mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11127, 30.6 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11287, 106.9 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20060, 39.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20229, 38.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21680, 35.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21681, 23.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21900, 5
specimens, 22.2–36.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21901, 5 specimens, 23.1–37.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21902, 5 specimens, 21.2–35.7 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 21903, 5 specimens, 15.8–34.0mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21904, 5 specimens,
22.5–31.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21905, 5
specimens, 19.7–23.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21906, 5 specimens, 19.0–28.0 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21907, 5 specimens, 22.5–38.4 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 22805, 5 specimens, 21.5–38.3mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 22806, 5 specimens,
22.0–27.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 22807, 5
specimens, 21.7–35.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
25056, 17.0 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25549, 94.0mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25550, 107.1 mm SL,
Yudomari; MUFS 25551, 111.8 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 17806, 32 specimens, 12.1–38.6

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 17841, 2 specimens, 21.3–27.8 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P
91348, 10 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91349, 3
specimens, 16–65 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P
91362, 12 specimens, 95–103 mm SL, Yudomari;
NSMT–P 91580, 3 specimens, 18–70 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 91657, 15 specimens, 17–27 mm
SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91681, 98 specimens, 14–35mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b):
Yaku-shima Island. MOSC (2002): Isso, Ambo
and Kurio.

Amblyglyphidodon curacao (Bloch, 1787)[Jpn name: Kurakaosuzumedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2005): Tsumoi.
Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster (Bleeker, 1847)[Jpn name: Namisuzumedai] (Fig. 293)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2005): Isso.

Fig. 293. Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster (off Isso, 12 m, 4Mar. 2005, S. Harazaki).
Fig. 291. Abudefduf vaigiensis (KAUM–I. 20229, 38.7 mm
SL).

Amblyglyphidodon aureus (Cuvier 1830)[Jpn name: Yamabukisuzumedai] (Fig. 292)

Fig. 292. Amblyglyphidodon aureus (off Isso, 25 m, 17Aug. 2004, S. Harazaki).

Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830)[Jpn name: Kumanomi] (Fig. 294)
FRLM 34705, 72.9 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11457, 36.0 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
11465, 115.6 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11466,
103.9 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11617, 53.4 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20111, 28.2 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20330, 32.6 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 20340, 88.3 mm SL, Isso.
Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa (two specimens were reported, but not found at NSMT).
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): Isso.
MOSC (2002): Isso, Ambo and Kurio.
Amphiprion perideraion Bleeker, 1855
[Jpn name: Hanabirakumanomi] (Fig. 295)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2004b): Miyanoura.

147

H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 294. Amphiprion clarkii (FRLM 34705, 72.9 mm SL).

Fig. 295. Amphiprion perideraion (off Isso, 5 m, 21 June
2004, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 296. Chromis albicauda (upper: young, off Isso, 30 m,
26 Dec. 2006, S. Harazaki; lower: adult, off Isso, 20 m,
29 June 2006, S. Harazaki).

Chromis albicauda Allen and Erdmann, 2009
[Jpn name: “koganesuzumedai”] (Fig. 296)
Matsumoto (2004b): Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: “Koganesuzumedai” has long been
considered to include two distinct species inJapan. Recently, Allen and Erdmann (2009) described C. albicauda as a new species, closely related to C. analis, and they included Japan in the
distributional range of C. albicauda. Matsumoto(2004b) mentioned that the two species occur at
Yaku-shima Island.
Chromis analis (Cuvier, 1830)[Jpn name: “koganesuzumedai”] (Fig. 297)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2004b): Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: see account of C. albicauda.
Chromis atripes Fowler and Bean, 1928
[Jpn name: Hiregurosuzumedai] (Fig. 298)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): Kurio.
148

Fig. 297. Chromis analis (upper: young, off Isso, 25 m, 10
Dec. 2007, S. Harazaki; middle: subadult, off Isso, 30
m, 10 Dec. 2007, S. Harazaki; lower: adult, off Isso,
20 m, 4 July 2007, S. Harazaki).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Chromis flavomaculatus Kamohara, 1960
[Jpn name: Kihoshisuzumedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): Kurio.
Chromis lepidolepis Bleeker, 1877
[Jpn name: Sasasuzumedai]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b):
Isso.
Chromis leucura Gilbert, 1905
[Jpn name: Fukamisuzumedai]
Matsumoto (2004b): Isso.
Fig. 298. Chromis atripes (off Isso, 18 m, 4 Mar. 2005, S.
Harazaki).

Chromis chrysura (Bliss, 1883)[Jpn name: Amamisuzumedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): Kurio.

Chromis margaritifer Fowler, 1946
[Jpn name: Shikokusuzumedai] (Fig. 300)
KAUM–I. 20289, 49.3 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b):
Tsumoi.

Chromis delta Randall, 1988
[Jpn name: Derutasuzumedai] (Fig. 299)
Matsumoto (2004b): Isso.
Fig. 300. Chromis margaritifer (KAUM–I. 20289, 49.3mm SL).

Chromis notata notata (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843)[Jpn name: Suzumedai]
Matsumoto (2004b): Tsumoi.

Fig. 299. Chromis delta (off Isso, 25 m, 4 Mar. 2005, S.
Harazaki).

Chromis ovatiformis Fowler, 1946
[Jpn name: Marusuzumedai] (Fig. 301)
Matsumoto (2004b, as Chromis ovatiformes):
Shitoko.

149

H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 301. Chromis ovatiformis (off Isso, 18 m, 4 Mar. 2005,
S. Harazaki).

Chromis retrofasciata Weber, 1913
[Jpn name: Kuroobisuzumedai] (Fig. 302)
Remarks: The photographed individual isherein identified as C. retrofasciata in having theupper and lower caudal-fin rays prolonged as filaments, the dorsal head and nape grayish, a blueline along the ventral and posterior margins of theorbit, and a black bar obliquely running from theposterior portion of spinous dorsal fin to the distal margin of the middle of anal fin. This species
has been recorded only from Ishigaki-jima Island(KPM–NR 81250), the Okinawa Islands (Aonuma
and Yoshino, 2002), including Ie-jima Island (Senou et al., 2006a) and Irabu-jima Island (Senou etal., 2007), and Amami-oshima Island (KPM–NR
40707). Figure 302 represents the first records of
C. retrofasciata from Yaku-shima Island and thenorthernmost record for the species. At Yaku-shima Island, adults of the species can be observedin less than 15 m depth throughout the year.
Chromis ternatensis (Bleeker, 1856)[Jpn name: Kaburayasuzumedai] (Fig. 303)
Matsumoto (2004b): Isso.
Chromis vanderbilti Fowler, 1941
[Jpn name: Himesuzumedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): Kurio.
Chromis viridis (Cuvier, 1830)[Jpn name: Debasuzumedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2004b): Shitoko.
150

Fig. 302. Chromis retrofasciata (upper: off Isso, 12 m, 9Nov. 2008, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 10 m, 5 Oct.
2006, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 303. Chromis ternatensis (off Isso, 7 m, 4 Mar. 2005, S.
Harazaki).

Chromis weberi Fowler and Bean, 1928
[Jpn name: Takasagosuzumedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): Kurio.
Chromis xanthura (Bleeker, 1854)[Jpn name: Monsuzumedai] (Fig. 304)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 304. Chromis xanthura (off Isso, 10 m, 25 Feb. 2005, S.
Harazaki).

95454, 47.1 mm SL, Haruo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Chrysiptera leucopoma): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999,
as Chrysiptera leucopoma): Kurio. Matsumoto(2005): Shitoko.
Remarks: Chrysiptera leucopoma (Cuvier,1830) was regarded by Allen and Bailey (2002)
and Randall (2005) as a junior synonym of Chrysiptera brownriggii.

Chrysiptera biocellata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825)[Jpn name: Sujibuchisuzumedai] (Fig. 305)
Arai and Ida (1975, as Abudefduf biocellata):
NSMT–P 17853, 37.7 mm SL, Kusugawa.

Fig. 306. Chrysiptera brownriggii (upper: KAUM–I.
11134, 20.9 mm SL; lower: NSMT–P 95454, 47.1 mm
SL, preserved specimen).

Chrysiptera caeruleolineata (Allen, 1973)[Jpn name: Aosujisuzumedai] (Fig. 307)
Fig. 305. Chrysiptera biocellata (upper: off Isso, 2 m, 26
Feb. 2005, S. Harazaki; lower: NSMT–P 17853, 37.7mm SL, preserved specimen).

Chrysiptera brownriggii (Bennett, 1828)[Jpn name: Miyakokisensuzumedai] (Fig. 306)
KAUM–I. 11134, 20.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21778, 13.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
23534, 11.7 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 23535,
10.1 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 24785, 39.0 mm
SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 24786, 58.8 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 91663, 11 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P

Fig. 307. Chrysiptera caeruleolineata (off Nagata, 40 m, 5June 2009, S. Harazaki).

151

H. Motomura et al.

Chrysiptera cyanea (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825)[Jpn name: Rurisuzumedai] (Fig. 308)
KAUM–I. 11192, 33.3 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21665, 72.9 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
93173, 12.0 mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Abudefduf assimilis):
Kusugawa [one specimens (48 mm TL) was reported, but not found at NSMT]. Ichikawa et al.
(1992): Yaku-shima Island. Matsumoto (2005):
Miyanoura.

Fig. 308. Chrysiptera cyanea (KAUM–I. 11192, 33.3 mm
SL).

Chrysiptera glauca (Cuvier, 1830)[Jpn name: Nezusuzumedai] (Fig. 309)
KAUM–I. 11136, 15.5 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11343, 43.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
11770, 18.0 mm SL, Nagakubo; KAUM–I. 21665,
72.9 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91684, 20 mm SL,
Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17843, 2 specimens, 34.9–41.3 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa etal. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Matsumoto (2005):
Yudomari.
Chrysiptera parasema (Fowler, 1918)[Jpn name: Shirikirurisuzumedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Chrysiptera hemicyanea): Yaku-shima Island. Matsumoto (2005):
Yaku-shima Island.
Chrysiptera rex (Snyder, 1909)[Jpn name: Remonsuzumedai] (Fig. 310)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2005): Tsumoi.

152

Fig. 309. Chrysiptera glauca (upper: off Isso, 2 m, 16 May
2008, S. Harazaki; middle: KAUM–I. 11136, 15.5 mm
SL; lower: KAUM–I. 21665, 72.9 mm SL).

Fig. 310. Chrysiptera rex (off Isso, 6 m, 4 Mar. 2005, S.
Harazaki).

Chrysiptera starcki (Allen, 1973)[Jpn name: Senakirurisuzumedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2005): Senroku.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Chrysiptera tricincta (Allen and Randall, 1974)[Jpn name: Misujisuzumedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2005): Isso.
Chrysiptera unimaculata (Cuvier, 1830)[Jpn name: Ichimonsuzumedai] (Fig. 311)
KAUM–I. 11135, 20.6 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11314, 12.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20151, 16.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20185, 12.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20194, 54.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 21663, 57.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21664, 40.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 25057, 31.6mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 22528, 11.7 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91594, 13 mm SL, Nagakubo.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17844, 6 specimens, 26.7–42.0 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa etal. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999):
Kurio. Matsumoto (2005): Isso.
Dascyllus aruanus (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Misujiryukyusuzumedai] (Fig. 312)
BSKU 96556, 16.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20104, 32.6 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20203, 17.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20204, 14.3 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Matsumoto (2004b): Tsumoi.

Fig. 311. Chrysiptera unimaculata (upper: KAUM–I.
11135, 20.6 mm SL; middle: KAUM–I. 25057, 31.6mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 21664, 40.5 mm SL).

Dascyllus reticulatus (Richardson, 1846)[Jpn name: Futasujiryukyusuzumedai] (Fig. 313)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b):
Tsumoi.
Dascyllus trimaculatus (Rüppell, 1829)[Jpn name: Mitsuboshikurosuzumedai] (Fig. 314)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): Miyanoura.

Fig. 312. Dascyllus aruanus (KAUM–I. 20104, 32.6 mm
SL).

Neoglyphidodon melas (Cuvier, 1830)[Jpn name: Kurosuzumedai] (Fig. 315)
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Paraglyphidodonmelas): Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: Adults of this species are very rareat Yaku-shima Island.
153

H. Motomura et al.

Neoglyphidodon nigroris (Cuvier, 1830)[Jpn name: Hirenagasuzumedai] (Fig. 316)
BSKU 96633, 77.4 mm SL, Isso; BSKU
96543, 39.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11274,
68.9 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11282, 79.5mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20113, 31.2 mm
SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22508, 42.8 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25532, 91.4 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2005): Isso.

Fig. 313. Dascyllus reticulatus (off Isso, 12 m, 3 Mar.
2005, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 314. Dascyllus trimaculatus (off Isso, 15 m, 19 Jan.
2010, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 316. Neoglyphidodon nigroris (upper: BSKU 96543,
39.7 mm SL; middle: KAUM–I. 20113, 31.2 mm SL;
lower: KPM–NI 22508, 42.8 mm SL).

Fig. 315. Neoglyphidodon melas (off Isso, 5 m, 11 June
2006, S. Harazaki).

154

Neopomacentrus taeniurus (Bleeker, 1856)[Jpn name: Ribonsuzumedai]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Neopomacentrus cyanomos (Bleeker, 1856)[Jpn name: Kuroribonsuzumedai]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Plectroglyphidodon dickii (Liénard, 1839)[Jpn name: Ishigakisuzumedai] (Fig. 317)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): Kurio.
Remarks: This species is common at Yakushima Island and usually occurs in depths of lessthan 5 m.

Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus Fowler and Ball, 1924
[Jpn name: Rurimeishigakisuzumedai] (Fig. 318)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b): Kurio.

Fig. 318. Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus (off Isso, 7 m,
10 Nov. 2008, S. Harazaki).

Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825)[Jpn name: Rurihoshisuzumedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2004b):
Tsumoi.
Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus (Bleeker, 1859)[Jpn name: Hakusensuzumedai] (Fig. 319)
FRLM 34734, 78.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11144, 81.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11344,
12.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11351, 77.3 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20226, 54.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 20227, 53.8 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
17850, 30.7 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 91504,
78 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91505, 4 specimens,
57–74 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95415, 86.9 mm
SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95435, 82.3 mm SL, Haruo;
NSMT–P 95458, 48.6 mm SL, Haruo.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Abudefduf leucozonus):
NSMT–P 58092, 2 specimens, 40.7–45.4 mm SL,
Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shimaIsland. Matsumoto (2004b): Yaku-shima Island.
Fig. 317. Plectroglyphidodon dickii (upper: off Yudomari,
5 m, 9 Nov. 2008, S. Harazaki; middle: off Yudomari,
5 m, 9 Nov. 2008, S. Harazaki; lower: off Nagata, 5 m,
16 Sept. 2004, S. Harazaki).

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H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 321. Pomacentrus amboinensis (off Isso, 6 m, 4 Mar.
2005, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 319. Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus (upper: off Isso,
2 m, 26 Feb. 2005, S. Harazaki; lower: KAUM–I.
11144, 81.8 mm SL).

Pomacentrus bankanensis Bleeker, 1853
[Jpn name: Meganesuzumedai] (Fig. 322)
KAUM–I. 20103, 32.6 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20202, 26.1 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2005): Shitoko.

Pomacentrus alexanderae Evermann and Seale, 1907
[Jpn name: Montsukisuzumedai] (Fig. 320)
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 320. Pomacentrus alexanderae (off Isso, 18 m, 4 Mar.
2005, S. Harazaki).

Pomacentrus amboinensis Bleeker 1868
[Jpn name: Nisenettaisuzumedai] (Fig. 321)
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2005):
Tsumoi.
156

Fig. 322. Pomacentrus bankanensis (upper: off Isso, 5 m,
25 Feb. 2005, S. Harazaki; lower: KAUM–I. 20103,
32.6 mm SL).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Pomacentrus chrysurus Cuvier, 1830
[Jpn name: Ojirosuzumedai] (Fig. 323)
BSKU 96539, 68.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11590, 56.0 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
11616, 57.3 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20077,
56.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22509, 28.8mm SL, Yudomari.
Matsumoto (2005): Isso.

Pomacentrus coelestis Jordan and Starks, 1901
[Jpn name: Sorasuzumedai] (Fig. 324)
KAUM–I. 11267, 55.6 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20043, 47.8 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20328, 35.6 mm SL, Isso.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17864, 55.3mm SL, Kusugawa. Matsumoto (2005): Yaku-shima Island. MOSC (2002): Isso, Ambo and Kurio.

Fig. 324. Pomacentrus coelestis (upper: KAUM–I. 20328,
35.6 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11267, 55.6 mm SL).

Pomacentrus lepidogenys Fowler and Bean, 1928
[Jpn name: Asadosuzumedai] (Fig. 325)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2005): Tsumoi.

Fig. 323. Pomacentrus chrysurus (upper: off Isso, 5 m, 3
Mar. 2005, S. Harazaki; middle: KPM–NI 22509, 28.8mm SL; lower: BSKU 96539, 68.5 mm SL).

Pomacentrus moluccensis Bleeker, 1853
[Jpn name: Nettaisuzumedai] (Fig. 326)
Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa (one specimen
was reported, but not found at NSMT). Kuniyasu(1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2005): Isso.
Pomacentrus nagasakiensis Tanaka, 1917
[Jpn name: Nagasakisuzumedai] (Fig. 327)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2005): Kurio (as Neoglyphidodon meias) and Isso.
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Fig. 325. Pomacentrus lepidogenys (off Isso, 6 m, 4 Mar.
2005, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 328. Pomacentrus nigromarginatus (off Isso, 18 m, 4Mar. 2005, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 326. Pomacentrus moluccensis (off Isso, 7 m, 4 Mar.
2005, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 327. Pomacentrus nagasakiensis (off Isso, 7 m, 26
Feb. 2005, S. Harazaki).

Pomacentrus nigromarginatus Allen, 1973
[Jpn name: Nisemontsukisuzumedai] (Fig. 328)
158

Pomacentrus phlippinus Evermann and Seale, 1907
[Jpn name: Firipinsuzumedai] (Fig. 329)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2005): Tsumoi.

Fig. 329. Pomacentrus phlippinus (off Isso, 7 m, 4 Mar.
2005, S. Harazaki).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Pomacentrus vaiuli Jordan and Seale, 1906
[Jpn name: Kuromeganesuzumedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2005): Miyanoura. MOSC (2002): Isso, Ambo and Kurio.
Pomacentrus sp.
[Jpn name: Minamiisosuzumedai]
Matsumoto (2005): Yoshida.

Fig. 331. Stegastes obreptus (off Isso, 5 m, 22 Jan. 2010, S.
Harazaki).

Pomachromis richardsoni (Snyder, 1909)[Jpn name: Okinawasuzumedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2005): Tsumoi.
Stegastes altus (Okada and Ikeda, 1937)[Jpn name: Sedakasuzumedai] (Fig. 330)
NSMT–P 95457, 35.6 mm SL, Haruo; NSMT–P 95464, 101.1 mm SL, Hirauchi; NSMT–P
95465, 101.3 mm SL, Hirauchi.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Matsumoto (2005):
Yoshida.

Fig. 330. Stegastes altus (NSMT–P 95465, 101.3 mm SL,
preserved specimen).

Stegastes fasciolatus (Ogilby, 1889)[Jpn name: Fuchidorisuzumedai]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 332. Teixeirichthys jordani (off Isso, 20 m, 1 July
2005, S. Harazaki).

FAMILY LABRIDAE
Anampses caeruleopunctatus Rüppell, 1829
[Jpn name: Buchisusukibera] (Fig. 333)
KAUM–I. 11205, 24.1 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11467, 199.1 mm SL, Isso; NSMT–P
58125, 43.2 mm SL, Kusugawa.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Remarks: NSMT–P 58125 (43.2 mm SL) wascollected by Arai and Ida’s (1975) Yaku-shima
survey, but it was not listed in Arai and Ida (1975).

Stegastes obreptus (Whitley, 1948)[Jpn name: Aisuzumedai] (Fig. 331)

Anampses geographicus Valenciennes, 1840
[Jpn name: Mushibera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Teixeirichthys jordani (Rutter, 1897)[Jpn name: Sujisuzumedai] (Fig. 332)
Remarks: Very rare; only a single individual(Fig. 332) was observed for recent six years at
Yaku-shima Island.

Anampses melanurus Bleeker, 1857
[Jpn name: Kurofuchisusukibera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

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H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 335. Anampses neoguinaicus x A. twistii (off Isso, 15
m, 8 Sept. 2006, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 333. Anampses caeruleopunctatus (upper: KAUM–I.
11205, 24.1 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11467, 199.1mm SL).

Bodianus anthioides (Bennett, 1832)[Jpn name: Hiodoshibera] (Fig. 336)

Anampses meleagrides Valenciennes, 1840
[Jpn name: Hokutobera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Anampses neoguinaicus Bleeker, 1878
[Jpn name: Nyuginiabera] (Fig. 334)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Fig. 336. Bodianus anthioides (off Isso, 20 m, 11 Oct.
2005, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 334. Anampses neoguinaicus (off Isso, 15 m, 12 June
2004, S. Harazaki).

Bodianus axillaris (Bennett, 1832)[Jpn name: Sumitsukibera] (Fig. 337)
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 58108, 38.3mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yakushima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Anampses neoguinaicus Bleeker, 1878
x Anampses twistii Bleeker, 1856
[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 335)
Remarks: A hybrid individual; many individuals have been observed at Yaku-shima Island.
Anampses twistii Bleeker, 1856
[Jpn name: Hoshisusukibera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
160

Fig. 337. Bodianus axillaris (NSMT–P 58108, 38.3 mm
SL, preserved specimen).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Bodianus bilunulatus (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Kitsunebera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Bodianus bimaculatus Allen, 1973
[Jpn name: Futahoshikitsunebera] (Fig. 338)

Fig. 338. Bodianus bimaculatus (off Isso, 30 m, 28 May
2009, S. Harazaki).

Bodianus perditio (Quoy and Gaimard, 1834)[Jpn name: Takibera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Cheilinus chlorurus (Bloch, 1791)[Jpn name: Akatemmochinouo] (Fig. 340)
KPM–NI 22526, 16.0 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Remarks: C. chlorurus is similar to C. trilobatus at juvenile stages. The former may be distinguished from the latter by having numerous small
white spots on the anteroventral surface of thebody.

Bodianus diana (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Montsukibera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Bodianus loxozonus (Snyder, 1908)[Jpn name: Hiregurobera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Bodianus hirsutus):
Yaku-shima Island.
Bodianus mesothorax (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Kesagakebera] (Fig. 339)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Remarks: Common in depths of 10–15 m at
Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 339. Bodianus mesothorax (off Isso, 15 m, 17 Jan.
2010, S. Harazaki).

Bodianus oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1862)[Jpn name: Kitsunedai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 340. Cheilinus chlorurus (KPM–NI 22526, 16.0 mm
SL).

Cheilinus trilobatus Lacepède, 1801
[Jpn name: Mitsubamochinouo] (Fig. 341)
BSKU 96551, 34.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20086, 55.1 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20197, 36.3 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20327, 28.9 mm SL, Isso.

Fig. 341. Cheilinus trilobatus (KAUM–I. 20086, 55.1 mm
SL).

Cheilinus undulatus Rüppell, 1835
[Jpn name: Meganemochinouo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
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H. Motomura et al.

Cheilio inermis (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Kamasubera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Cirrhilabrus katoi Senou and Hirata, 2000
[Jpn name: Kurenaiitohikibera] (Fig. 344)

Choerodon fasciatus (Günther, 1867)[Jpn name: Shichisembera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Lienardella fasciata):
Yaku-shima Island.
Choerodon jordani (Snyder, 1908)[Jpn name: Kurakakebera] (Fig. 342)

Fig. 342. Choerodon jordani (off Isso, 12 m, 11 Sept. 2009,
S. Harazaki).

Fig. 344. Cirrhilabrus katoi (off Isso, 35 m, 15 Apr. 2005, S.
Harazaki).

Cirrhilabrus lyukyuensis Ishikawa 1904
[Jpn name: Kuroheriitohikibera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Cirrhilabrus cyanopleura): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999, asCirrhilabrus cyanopleura): Kurio.
Remarks: Allen et al. (2008) provisionallyregarded C. lyukyuensis as a valid species, rather
than a junior synonym of C. cyanopleura (Bleeker,
1851).
Cirrhilabrus lunatus Randall and Masuda, 1991
[Jpn name: Tsukinowaitohikibera] (Fig. 345)

Cirrhilabrus exquisitus Smith, 1957
[Jpn name: Nishikiitohikibera]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Cirrhilabrus katherinae Randall, 1992
[Jpn name: Goishiitohikibera] (Fig. 343)

Fig. 345. Cirrhilabrus lunatus (off Isso, 35 m, 13 Dec.
2006, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 343. Cirrhilabrus katherinae (off Isso, 15 m, 27 Aug.
2007, S. Harazaki).

162

Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus Randall and Shen, 1978
[Jpn name: Tomoshibiitohikibera] (Fig. 346)
Kuniyasu (1999, as Cirrhilabrus lanceolatus):
Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Remarks: Kuniyasu’s (1999: photo 4-middle)
Cirrhilabrus lanceolatus Randall and Masuda,
1991 (Yariitohikibera) is herein re-identified as
Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus.

Fig. 346. Cirrhilabrus melanomarginatus (off Isso, 5 m, 22
July 2004, S. Harazaki).
Fig. 348. Cirrhilabrus temminckii (upper and lower: off
Isso, 25 m, 22 Dec. 2006, S. Harazaki).

Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus Randall, 1992
[Jpn name: Benihireitohikibera] (Fig. 347)

Fig. 347. Cirrhilabrus rubrimarginatus (off Isso, 35 m, 21
Dec. 2004, S. Harazaki).
Fig. 349. Cirrhilabrus sp. 1 (upper: off Isso, 35 m, 9 Aug.
2004, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 35 m, 10 Sept.
2007, S. Harazaki).

Cirrhilabrus temminckii Bleeker, 1853
[Jpn name: Itohikibera] (Fig. 348)
Cirrhilabrus sp. 1[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 349)
Remarks: This species is undescribed. Common in depths of deeper than 30 m at Yaku-shimaIsland.

Cirrhilabrus sp. 2[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 350)
Remarks: This species is similar to C. katherinae, but differs from the latter in having a blue
stripe along the lateral line (often disappearing
with condition). Currently known only from the
Ryukyu Islands and Yaku-shima Island.
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H. Motomura et al.

Coris batuensis (Bleeker, 1856–57)[Jpn name: Shichisemmusumebera]
Kuniyasu (1999, as Coris variegata): Kurio.
Coris dorsomacula Fowler, 1908
[Jpn name: Sujibera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Coris gaimard (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)[Jpn name: Tsuyubera] (Fig. 352)
KAUM–I. 20304, 13.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 25204, 214.5 mm SL, Nagata.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso,
Ambo and Kurio.
Fig. 350. Cirrhilabrus sp. 2 (upper and lower: off Isso, 25
m, 22 Dec. 2006, S. Harazaki).

Coris aygula Lacepède, 1801
[Jpn name: Kammuribera] (Fig. 351)
KAUM–I. 11591, 112.6 mm SL, Ambo; NSMT–P 77653, 290 mm SL, Nagata.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 352. Coris gaimard (upper: KAUM–I. 20304, 13.7mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 25204, 214.5 mm SL).

Epibulus insidiator (Pallas, 1770)[Jpn name: Gichibera] (Fig. 353)

Fig. 351. Coris aygula (upper: KAUM–I. 11591, 112.6 mm
SL; lower: NSMT–P 77653, 290 mm SL).

Fig. 353. Epibulus insidiator (off Isso, 15 m, 24 June 2009,
S. Harazaki).

164

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Gomphosus varius Lacepède, 1801
[Jpn name: Kugibera] (Fig. 354)
KAUM–I. 11587, 73.8 mm SL, Ambo; NSMT–P 95445, 70.7 mm SL, Haruo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso,
Ambo and Kurio.

Halichoeres biocellatus Schultz, 1960
[Jpn name: Nishikikyusen]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Halichoeres chrysus Randall, 1981
[Jpn name: Koganekyusen]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Halichoeres hortulanus (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Tokarabera] (Fig. 356)
BSKU 96609, 33.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
11308, 32.6 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 21771,
22.4 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77991, 14.1 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 95467, 58.5 mm SL, Hirauchi.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 354. Gomphosus varius (upper: KAUM–I. 11587,
73.8 mm SL; lower: off Isso, 6 m, 22 Jan. 2010, S.
Harazaki).

Halichoeres argus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Kumadorikyusen] (Fig. 355)
Remarks: Common in depths of less than 3 m
at Yaku-shima Island, but no specimens have beencollected from the island.

Fig. 356. Halichoeres hortulanus (BSKU 96609, 33.1 mm
SL).

Halichoeres margaritaceus (Valenciennes, 1839)[Jpn name: Akanijibera] (Fig. 357)
KPM–NI 24797, 13.8 mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 58095, 77.1mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58096, 48.6 mm
SL, Kusugawa. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 355. Halichoeres argus (upper: female, off Isso, 3 m,
4 Oct. 2007, S. Harazaki; lower: male, same data as
upper image).

Halichoeres marginatus Rüppell, 1835
[Jpn name: Kanokobera] (Fig. 358)
KAUM–I. 11384, 17.8 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21742, 24.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21743, 21.5 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 24905, 13.6mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Halichoeres notopsis,
Hakusembera): NSMT–P 58098, 37.7 mm SL,
Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58126, 42.2 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
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H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 359. Halichoeres melanochir (NSMT–P 91661, 14mm SL, preserved specimen).

Fig. 360. Halichoeres melanurus (KPM–NI 22501, 77.4mm SL).

Fig. 357. Halichoeres margaritaceus (upper: KPM–NI
24797, 13.8 mm SL; middle: NSMT–P 58095, 77.1mm SL, preserved specimen; lower: male and female
just before spawning, off Isso, 4 m, 21 Apr. 2009, S.
Harazaki).

Fig. 358. Halichoeres marginatus (KAUM–I. 11384, 17.8mm SL).

Halichoeres nebulosus (Valenciennes, 1839)[Jpn name: Inazumabera] (Fig. 361)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 361. Halichoeres nebulosus (male and female just before spawning, off Isso, 4 m, 21 Apr. 2009, S. Harazaki).

Halichoeres melanochir Fowler and Bean, 1928
[Jpn name: Munatembera] (Fig. 359)
NSMT–P 91661, 14.0 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Halichoeres orientalis Randall, 1999
[Jpn name: Tsukibera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Halichoeres melanurus (Bleeker, 1851)[Jpn name: Kazarikyusen] (Fig. 360)
KPM–NI 22501, 77.4 mm SL, Yudomari.

Halichoeres prosopeion (Bleeker, 1853)[Jpn name: Munatemberadamashi] (Fig. 362)
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Remarks: Relatively rare at Yaku-shima Island.

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Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch, 1791)[Jpn name: Tarekuchibera] (Fig. 364)
BSKU 96580, 12.2 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 362. Halichoeres prosopeion (off Isso, 10 m, 6 July
2006, S. Harazaki).
Fig. 364. Hemigymnus melapterus (BSKU 96580, 12.2 mm
SL).

Halichoeres richmondi Fowler and Bean, 1928
[Jpn name: Goshikikyusen]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Halichoeres scapularis (Bennett, 1831)[Jpn name: Seitembera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Hologymnosus annulatus (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Namerabera] (Fig. 365)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Halichoeres trimaculatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1834)[Jpn name: Mitsuboshikyusen] (Fig. 363)
KAUM–I. 11138, 125.3 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11597, 138.9 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 11614, 115.0 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11615,
106.3 mm SL, Ambo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 363. Halichoeres trimaculatus (KAUM–I. 11138,
125.3 mm SL).

Hemigymnus fasciatus (Bloch, 1792)[Jpn name: Shimatarekuchibera]
Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [one specimen (33 mm SL) was reported, but not found at
NSMT]. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 365. Hologymnosus annulatus (upper: off Isso, 5 m,
20 Jan. 2010, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 15 m, 5
Nov. 2004, S. Harazaki).

Hologymnosus doliatus (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Shirotasukibera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

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H. Motomura et al.

Hologymnosus rhodonotus Randall and Yamakawa, 1988
[Jpn name: Ayatasukibera] (Fig. 366)

Fig. 368. Iniistius pavo (BSKU 96611, 21.5 mm SL).

Fig. 366. Hologymnosus rhodonotus (off Isso, 35 m, 3 Mar.
2005, S. Harazaki).

Iniistius aneitensis (Günther, 1862)[Jpn name: Hagehirabera] (Fig. 367)

Iniistius twistii (Bleeker, 1856)[Jpn name: Hinomarutensu] (Fig. 369)
NSMT–P 95402, 145.5 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; NSMT–P 95403, 3 specimens, 126.6–
126.7 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P
95404, 174.4 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Xyrichthys twistii):
Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: Randall et al. (2002) considered thisspecies to belong to Iniistius.

Fig. 367. Iniistius aneitensis (off Isso, 25 m, 6 Sept. 2006, S.
Harazaki).

Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes, 1840)[Jpn name: Hoshitensu] (Fig. 368)
BSKU 96611, 21.5 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
95405, 135.3 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 95406, 125.3 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Xyrichthys pavo):
Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: Randall and Earle (2002) allocatedthis species to Iniistius from Xyrichtys.
Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Hirabera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Xyrichthys pentadactylus): Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: Randall et al. (2002) considered thisspecies to belong to Iniistius.

168

Fig. 369. Iniistius twistii (NSMT–P 95402, 145.5 mm SL).

Iniistius sp.
[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 370)
NSMT–P 95407, 149.4 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland; NSMT–P 95408, 2 specimens, 138.3139.1 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: These specimens are similar toIniistius celebicus (Bleeker, 1856) in coloration.
However, the former has small scales widely covering from the mouth to behind the eye, whereas I.
celebicus has a few scales only just below the eye.
These Yaku-shima specimens probably represent
an undescribed species.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 370. Iniistius sp. (NSMT–P 95407, 149.4 mm SL).

Labroides bicolor Fowler and Bean, 1928
[Jpn name: Somewakebera] (Fig. 371)
BSKU 96651, 10.1 mm SL, Isso.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 372. Labroides dimidiatus (upper: KAUM–I. 11458,
26.7 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11193, 54.7 mm SL).

Fig. 371. Labroides bicolor (BSKU 96651, 10.1 mm SL).

Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes, 1839)[Jpn name: Honsomewakebera] (Fig. 372)
KAUM–I. 11193, 54.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11458, 26.7 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
20347, 37.7 mm SL, Isso.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17849, 32.3mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58112, 58.7 mm
SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yakushima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC
(2002): Isso, Ambo and Kurio.

Fig. 373. Labropsis manabei (upper: off Isso, 10 m, 12
June 2006, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 12 m, 20 Jan.
2010, S. Harazaki).

Labropsis manabei Schmidt, 1931
[Jpn name: Manabebera] (Fig. 373)
Macropharyngodon meleagris (Valenciennes, 1839)[Jpn name: Nodogurobera] (Fig. 374)
Arai and Ida (1975, as Macropharyngodon
pardalis, Goishibera): NSMT–P 17837, 31.9 mm
SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58111, 43.3 mm SL,
Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shimaIsland. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 374. Macropharyngodon meleagris (NSMT–P 58111,
43.3 mm SL, preserved specimen).

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H. Motomura et al.

Macropharyngodon moyeri Shepard and Meyer, 1978
[Jpn name: Usubanodogurobera] (Fig. 375)
Remarks: This species occurs in depths of
10–15 m at Yaku-shima Island.

Oxycheilinus digrammus (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Hohosujimochinouo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Oxycheilinus unifasciatus (Steets, 1877)[Jpn name: Hitosujimochinouo] (Fig. 377)
KAUM–I. 25206, 188.0 mm SL, Onoaida.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 375. Macropharyngodon moyeri (off Yoshida, 15 m, 8June 2006, S. Harazaki).

Macropharyngodon negrosensis Herre, 1932
[Jpn name: Sejironodogurobera]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Novaculichthys taeniurus (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Obitensumodoki]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 377. Oxycheilinus unifasciatus (KAUM–I. 25206,
188.0 mm SL).

Paracheilinus carpenteri Randall and Lubbock, 1981
[Jpn name: Kujakubera] (Fig. 378)

Oxycheilinus bimaculatus (Valenciennes, 1840)[Jpn name: Takobera] (Fig. 376)
FRLM 34707, 92.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11256, 98.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11257, 97.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20061, 53.4 mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS
25548, 101 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Cheilinus bimaculatus): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Fig. 378. Paracheilinus carpenteri (off Isso, 30 m, 5 July
2006, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 376. Oxycheilinus bimaculatus (KAUM–I. 11256,
98.0 mm SL).

170

Pseudocheilinus evanidus Jordan and Evermann, 1903
[Jpn name: Himenisemochinouo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Pseudocheilinus hexataenia (Bleeker, 1857)[Jpn name: Nisemochinouo]
Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [one specimen (23 mm TL) was reported, but not found at
NSMT]. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Pseudocheilinus octotaenia Jenkins, 1901
[Jpn name: Yasujinisemochinouo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 380. Pseudojuloides mesostigma (off Nagata, 45 m, 19
Nov. 2009, S. Harazaki).

Pseudocoris philippina (Fowler and Bean 1928)[Jpn name: Shiratakibera] (Fig. 379)

Fig. 379. Pseudocoris philippina (off Isso, 35 m, 26 Apr.
2004, S. Harazaki).

Pseudocoris yamashiroi (Schmidt, 1930)[Jpn name: Yamashirobera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Pseudodax moluccanus (Valenciennes, 1840)[Jpn name: Budaibera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Pseudojuloides mesostigma Randal and Randall, 1981
[Jpn name: Sumitsukiogurobera] (Fig. 380)
Pseudojuloides severnsi Bellwood and Randall, 2000
[Jpn name: Aosujiogurobera] (Fig. 381)
Remarks: Common in deeper than 30 m at
Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 381. Pseudojuloides severnsi (upper: off Isso, 35 m, 4Mar. 2005, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 35 m, 3 Mar.
2005, S. Harazaki).

Pseudolabrus sieboldi Mabuchi and Nakabo, 1997
[Jpn name: Hoshisasanohabera] (Fig. 382)
KAUM–I. 11370, 59.0 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21775, 54.9 mm SL, Kurio.
Kuniyasu (1999, as Pseudolabrus japonicus):
Kurio.
Remarks: Kuniyasu’s (1999) Pseudolabrus
japonicus is probably P. sieboldi, rather than P.
eoethinus (Richardson, 1846).
Pteragogus enneacanthus (Bleeker, 1853)[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 383)
Remarks: A common Japanese species, Pteragogus aurigarius (Richardson, 1845), is replacedwith P. enneacanthus at Yaku-shima Island. Although the latter is common in depths of 5–10 m
at Yaku-shima Island, no specimens have beencollected.
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Fig. 382. Pseudolabrus sieboldi (KAUM–I. 21775, 54.9mm SL).

KAUM–I. 11539, 15.0 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
11540, 16.2 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20089,
77.2 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20114, 34.9mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20123, 75.4 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20124, 66.0 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20125, 87.0 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20198, 33.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 21747, 22.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21749, 18.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21750,
11.9 mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Stethojulis interrupta,
Kaminaribera): NSMT–P 17807, 5 specimens,
33.9–40.8 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58097,
47.4 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992):
Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 383. Pteragogus enneacanthus (off Isso, 10 m, 3 June
2005, S. Harazaki).

Stethojulis bandanensis (Bleeker, 1851)[Jpn name: Akaobibera] (Fig. 384)
KAUM–I. 11156, 29.1 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11307, 45.1 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 21796, 30.2 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI
24792, 17.1 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 384. Stethojulis bandanensis (KAUM–I. 11307, 45.1mm SL).

Stethojulis strigiventer (Bennett, 1833)[Jpn name: Harasujibera] (Fig. 385)
KAUM–I. 11155, 37.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11311, 33.9 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11322, 56.8 mm SL, Nagakubo;
172

Fig. 385. Stethojulis strigiventer (upper: KAUM–I. 20114,
34.9 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11322, 56.8 mm SL).

Stethojulis terina Jordan and Snyder, 1902
[Jpn name: Kaminaribera] (Fig. 386)
KAUM–I. 20105, 64.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20273, 53.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21797, 29.7 mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Stethojulis interrupta):
NSMT–P 58132, 56.5 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Stethojulis interrupta terina):
Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999, as Stethojulisinterrupta terina): Kurio.
Stethojulis trilineata (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Onibera] (Fig. 387)
FRLM 34737, 49.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11158, 36.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11382,

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 386. Stethojulis terina (upper: KAUM–I. 20273, 53.6mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 20105, 64.0 mm SL).

29.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11393, 21.3 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11396, 23.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21746, 24.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21793, 39.7 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91662, 26mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91676, 2 specimens,
19–23 mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Stethojulis interrupta,
Kaminaribera): NSMT–P 17805, 15 specimens,
22.1–67.7 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58099,
44.1 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58136, 108.3mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yakushima Island.

Fig. 387. Stethojulis trilineata (upper: KAUM–I. 11158,
36.0 mm SL; lower: NSMT–P 58136, 108.3 mm SL,
preserved specimen).

Terelabrus sp.
[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 388)
Remarks: The photographed individual can be
distinguished from Terelabrus sp. reported from
Hachijo-jima Island (Senou et al., 2002) and Izuoshima Island (Senou et al., 2006b) and Terelabrus rubrovittatus Randall and Fourmanoir, 1998
by having a yellow stripe between red stripes on
the lateral surface of the body (vs. yellow stripe
absent in the latter two species). Photographedindividuals taken off Kume-jima Island, Japan,
and Bali, Indonesia (deposited at KPM Fish Image Database) are identified here as the same species with the Yaku-shima Island individual. The
species is common around 60 m at Yaku-shimaIsland.

Fig. 388. Terelabrus sp. (off Nagata, 60 m, 28 Nov. 2009, S.
Harazaki).

Thalassoma amblycephalum (Bleeker, 1856)[Jpn name: Kogashirabera] (Fig. 389)
KAUM–I. 20265, 18.5 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 20266, 23.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 20275, 21.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21736,
22.4 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 389. Thalassoma amblycephalum (KAUM–I. 20275,
21.7 mm SL).

Suezichthys gracilis (Steindachner and Döderlein, 1887)[Jpn name: Itobera]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
173

H. Motomura et al.

Thalassoma cupido (Temminck and Schlegel, 1845)[Jpn name: Nishikibera] (Fig. 390)
BSKU 96662, 104.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11142, 96.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11394,
23.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11619, 42.4 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20121, 97.3 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20122, 105.6 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20231, 77.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
20232, 66.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20233,
57.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21692, 51.7 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21693, 38.8 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21694, 28.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21884, 50.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21885,
54.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21886, 58.0 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21887, 54.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21888, 52.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21889, 52.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21890,
51.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21891, 47.4 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21892, 10 specimens,
25.2–36.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21893, 10
specimens, 29.8–39.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21894, 5 specimens, 39.5–45.4 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21895, 5 specimens, 40.9–44.9 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 21896, 5 specimens, 40.4–47.6mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21897, 4 specimens,
45.3–54.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21898, 5
specimens, 43.6–52.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21899, 68.8 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25433, 46.1mm SL, Matsumine; NSMT–P 91360, 119 mm
SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91361, 105 mm SL,
Yudomari; NSMT–P 91506, 20 specimens, 28–93mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91582, 5 specimens,
39–65 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91590, 10 specimens, 47–94 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91660,
12 specimens, 33–58 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
91678, 16 specimens, 28–63 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 95468, 98.6 mm SL, Hirauchi.
Jordan and Starks (1906): USNM 53536, 46
specimens, 16.1–118.4 mm SL, Miyanoura. Araiand Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17809, 19 specimens,
35.4–118.9 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al.
(1992): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso, Ambo and Kurio.

174

Fig. 390. Thalassoma cupido (KAUM–I. 11142, 96.0 mm
SL).

Thalassoma hardwicke (Bennett, 1830)[Jpn name: Senasujibera] (Fig. 391)
BSKU 96681, 32.5 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM
34739, 41.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11204,
30.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11309, 32.0 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11381, 32.3 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 11385, 14.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 20272, 47.6 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91507, 27 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91508,
2 specimens, 17–18 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
91509, 20 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91677, 4
specimens, 22–35 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 391. Thalassoma hardwicke (KAUM–I. 20272, 47.6mm SL).

Thalassoma jansenii (Bleeker, 1856)[Jpn name: Yansennishikibera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Otomebera] (Fig. 392)
KAUM–I. 11206, 22.4 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11585, 70.0 mm SL, Ambo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 392. Thalassoma lunare (upper: KAUM–I. 11206,
22.4 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11585, 70.0 mm SL).

Thalassoma lutescens (Lay and Bennett, 1839)[Jpn name: Yamabukibera] (Fig. 393)
Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [one specimens (86 mm SL) was reported, but not foundat NSMT]. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shimaIsland. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 393. Thalassoma lutescens (off Isso, 15 m, 20 Jan.
2010, S. Harazaki).

Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Kinubera] (Fig. 394)
KAUM–I. 11260, 90.8 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 21748, 18.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21795, 32.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 25223,
210.1 mm SL, Onoaida; KAUM–I. 25231, 197.0mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI 24671, 147.1 mm SL, Onoaida; KPM–NI 24672, 195.2 mm SL, Onoaida;
NSMT–P 17836, 29.0 mm SL, Kusugawa.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 394. Thalassoma purpureum (upper: KAUM–I. 11260,
90.8 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 25231, 197.0 mm SL).

Thalassoma quinquevittatum (Lay and Bennett, 1839)[Jpn name: Hakobera]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Thalassoma trilobatum (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Ryugubera]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
FAMILY SCARIDAE
Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes, 1840)[Jpn name: Taiwambudai]
Arai and Ida (1975, as Cryptotomus spinidens): Kusugawa [one specimen (118 mm TL)
was reported, but not found at NSMT]. Kuniyasu(1999): Kurio.
Calotomus japonicus (Valenciennes, 1840)[Jpn name: Budai] (Fig. 395)
NSMT–P 77657, 250.0 mm SL, Miyanoura.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso,
Ambo and Kurio.
Cetoscarus bicolor (Rüppell, 1829)[Jpn name: Irobudai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Bolbometopon bicolor): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

175

H. Motomura et al.

Chlorurus microrhinos (Bleeker, 1854)[Jpn name: Nan-yobudai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Scarus gibbus):Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 395. Calotomus japonicus (NSMT–P 77657, 250.0mm SL).

Chlorurus bowersi (Snyder, 1909)[Jpn name: Omonhagebudai]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Chlorurus frontalis (Valenciennes, 1840)[Jpn name: Onihagebudai] (Fig. 396)
FRLM 34714, 339.7 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Scarus frontalis):
Yaku-shima Island.

Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Hagebudai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Scarus sordidus):Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Scarus chameleon Choat and Randall, 1986
[Jpn name: Kamereombudai] (Fig. 398)

Fig. 398. Scarus chameleon (off Isso, 6 m, 14 Feb. 2010, S.
Harazaki).

Scarus dimidiatus Bleeker, 1859
[Jpn name: Kawaribudai] (Fig. 399)

Fig. 396. Chlorurus frontalis (FRLM 34714, 339.7 mm
SL).

Chlorurus japanensis (Bloch, 1789)[Jpn name: Shijukara] (Fig. 397)
FRLM 34718, 267.1 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Scarus pyrrhurus):
Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 397. Chlorurus japanensis (FRLM 34718, 267.1 mm
SL).

176

Fig. 399. Scarus dimidiatus (off Isso, 8 m, 6 Nov. 2007, S.
Harazaki).

Scarus festivus Valenciennes, 1840
[Jpn name: Tsukinowabudai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Scarus forsteni (Bleeker, 1861)[Jpn name: Ichimonjibudai] (Fig. 400)
FRLM 34715, 328.2 mm SL, Yudomari;
FRLM 34716, 331.5 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P
77655, 247 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso,
Ambo and Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Scarus ghobban Forsskål, 1775
[Jpn name: Hibudai] (Fig. 403)
KAUM–I. 20056, 100.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20065, 122.9 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 400. Scarus forsteni (upper: FRLM 34715, 328.2 mm
SL; lower: FRLM 34716, 331.5 mm SL).

Scarus frenatus Lacepède, 1802
[Jpn name: Amimebudai] (Fig. 401)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 403. Scarus ghobban (KAUM–I. 20056, 100.0 mm
SL).

Scarus hypselopterus Bleeker, 1853
[Jpn name: Kibirebudai]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Scarus niger Forsskål, 1775
[Jpn name: Buchibudai] (Fig. 404)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 401. Scarus frenatus (off Isso, 10 m, 18 Jan. 2010, S.
Harazaki).

Scarus fuscocaudalis Randall and Myers, 2000
[Jpn name: Ogurobudai] (Fig. 402)

Fig. 402. Scarus fuscocaudalis (off Isso, 15 m, 15 Mar.
2006, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 404. Scarus niger (off Isso, 6 m, 22 Jan. 2010, S.
Harazaki).

Scarus ovifrons Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
[Jpn name: Aobudai] (Fig. 405)
KAUM–I. 11137, 134.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11149, 31.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11153, 16.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11264,
23.9 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11265, 43.1mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11297, 40.9 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11310, 28.4 mm SL,
Yudomari; NSMT–P 91365, 33.0 mm SL, Yudo177

H. Motomura et al.

mari; NSMT–P 95430, 89.9 mm SL, Haruo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 405. Scarus ovifrons (upper: KAUM–I. 11265, 43.1mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11137, 134.7 mm SL).

Scarus prasiognathos Valenciennes, 1840
[Jpn name: Nishikibudai] (Fig. 406)
KAUM–I. 11327, 26.7 mm SL, Nagakubo;
NSMT–P 91510, 25 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
95429, 89.7 mm SL, Haruo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 406. Scarus prasiognathos (upper: KAUM–I. 11327,
26.7 mm SL; middle: NSMT–P 95429, 89.7 mm SL;
lower: off Isso, 6 m, 15 Feb. 2010, S. Harazaki).

Scarus psittacus Forsskål, 1775
[Jpn name: Oumubudai] (Fig. 407)
KAUM–I. 11464, 126.4 mm SL, Isso.
Scarus quoyi Valenciennes, 1840
[Jpn name: Remombudai]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Scarus rivulatus Valenciennes, 1840
[Jpn name: Sujibudai] (Fig. 408)
NSMT–P 77656, 340.0 mm SL, Miyanoura.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker, 1847
[Jpn name: Nagabudai]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
178

Fig. 407. Scarus psittacus (upper: KAUM–I. 11464, 126.4mm SL; lower: off Isso, 8 m, 14 Feb. 2010, S. Harazaki).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 408. Scarus rivulatus (NSMT–P 77656, 340.0 mm
SL).

Scarus schlegeli (Bleeker, 1861)[Jpn name: Obibudai] (Fig. 409)
FRLM 34717, 256.3 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20092, 40.3 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 77641, 263 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

FAMILY CHAMPSODONTIDAEChampsodon sp.
[Jpn name: Wanigisu-zoku]
Jordan and Starks (1906, as Champsodon
vorax): A single specimen, its whereabouts unknown, Miyanoura.
Remarks: Jordan and Starks (1906) reported
Champsodon vorax Günther, 1867 on the basis ofa single specimen, but C. vorax has never beenrecorded from Japanese waters and the specimen’s whereabouts is unknown. Thus we treat it
as Champsodon sp.
FAMILY PINGUIPEDIDAE
Parapercis clathrata Ogilby, 1910
[Jpn name: Yotsumetoragisu] (Fig. 410)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 410. Parapercis clathrata (off Isso, 10 m, 13 Feb.
2010, S. Harazaki).

Parapercis cylindrica (Bloch, 1792)[Jpn name: Dandaratoragisu] (Fig. 411)
BSKU 96550, 62.7 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU
96567, 99.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20052,
114.4 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20088, 97.2mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 21695, 46.5 mm
SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22541, 72.4 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Fig. 409. Scarus schlegeli (upper: KAUM–I. 20092, 40.3mm SL; middle: FRLM 34717, 256.3 mm SL; lower:
NSMT–P 77641, 263 mm SL).

Fig. 411. Parapercis cylindrica (BSKU 96550, 62.7 mm
SL).

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H. Motomura et al.

Parapercis kamoharai Schultz, 1966
[Jpn name: Kamoharatoragisu]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Parapercis millepunctata (Günther, 1860)[Jpn name: Wanuketoragisu] (Fig. 412)
KAUM–I. 11468, 145.1 mm SL, Isso.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Parapercis cephalopunctata): Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: Parapercis cephalopunctata(Seale, 1901) is a junior synonym of Parapercis
millepunctata (see Randall, 2005).

Fig. 412. Parapercis millepunctata (KAUM–I. 11468,
145.1 mm SL).

Parapercis multiplicata Randall, 1984
[Jpn name: Sangotoragisu] (Fig. 413)

Fig. 414. Parapercis natator (off Isso, 35 m, 23 Aug. 2004,
S. Harazaki; upper and lower, male and female respectively).

Parapercis pacifica Imamura and Yoshino, 2007
[Jpn name: Ogurotoragisu] (Fig. 415)
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Parapercis polyophthalma): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999):
Kurio. Motomura and Sakurai (2008): Isso.
Remarks: Imamura and Yoshino (2007) regarded that Parapercis polyophthalma (Cuvier,1829) is a junior synonym of an Indian Ocean
species, Parapercis hexophtalma (Cuvier, 1829).

Fig. 413. Parapercis multiplicata (off Isso, 15 m, 1 Oct.
2004, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 415. Parapercis pacifica (off Isso; from Motomura
and Sakurai, 2008).

Parapercis natator Randall, Senou and Yoshino, 2008
[Jpn name: Oyogitoragisu] (Fig. 414)
Randall et al. (2008): KPM–NR 88527, Yakushima Island; KPM–NR 88528, Yaku-shima Island.

180

Parapercis schauinslandii (Steindachner, 1900)[Jpn name: Hawaitoragisu] (Fig. 416)

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 416. Parapercis schauinslandii (off Isso, 30 m, 13
Apr. 2005, S. Harazaki).

Parapercis snyderi Jordan and Starks, 1905
[Jpn name: Koraitoragisu] (Fig. 417)

FAMILY TRICHONOTIDAE
Trichonotus sp.
[Jpn name: Beragimpo] (Fig. 419)
BSKU 96645, 44.9 mm SL, Isso; BSKU
96646, 108.4 mm SL, Isso; BSKU 96647, 43.8mm SL, Isso; BSKU 96648, 30.0 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 20380, 86.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
20381, 95.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 20382, 127.6mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI 22584, 87.9 mm SL, Isso.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Trichonotus setigerus): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999, as
Trichonotus setiger): Kurio.
Remarks: This species currently identified
as Trichonotus setiger by many authors has beenstudied by E. Katayama of Kochi University, Japan.

Fig. 417. Parapercis snyderi (off Isso, 30 m, 18 Oct. 2005,
S. Harazaki).

Parapercis tetracantha (Lacepède, 1801)[Jpn name: Madaratoragisu] (Fig. 418)
KAUM–I. 20286, 71.0 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 25202, 136.2 mm SL, Isso.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 419. Trichonotus sp. (upper: KAUM–I. 20382, male,
127.6 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 20381, female, 95.5mm SL).

FAMILY CREEDIIDAE
Limnichthys fasciatus Waite, 1904
[Jpn name: Tobigimpo] (Fig. 420)
KPM–NI 22548, 40.7 mm SL, Kurio.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 420. Limnichthys fasciatus (KPM–NI 22548, 40.7 mm
SL).
Fig. 418. Parapercis tetracantha (upper: KAUM–I. 20286,
71.0 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 25202, 136.2 mm SL).

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H. Motomura et al.

Limnichthys orientalis Yoshino, Kon and Okabe, 1999
[Jpn name: Sangotobigimpo] (Fig. 421)
BSKU 96616, 22.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
20312, 14.4 mm SL, Kurio.
Remarks: This species was originally described from the Yaeyama Islands and Kuchierabu
Island. No specimens have been recorded fromJapanese waters since the original description.

Fig. 421. Limnichthys orientalis (BSKU 96616, 22.3 mm
SL).

FAMILY URANOSCOPIDAE
Uranoscopus bicinctus Temminck and Schlegel, 1843
[Jpn name: Meganeuo] (Fig. 422)

Fig. 422. Uranoscopus bicinctus (off Isso, 25 m, 3 June
2006, S. Harazaki).

FAMILY TRIPTERYGIIDAE
Enneapterygius bahasa Fricke, 1997
[Jpn name: Gomafuhebigimpo] (Fig. 423)
NSMT–P 95450, 30.9 mm SL, Haruo.
Kuniyasu (1999, as Enneapterygius hemimelas): Kurio.
Remarks: “Gomafuhebigimpo” has long beentreated as E. hemimelas by Japanese authors (e.g.,
Hayashi, 2002). Shimojyo and Hayashi (2000)
and Motomura et al. (2005) reidentified the Japanese E. hemimelas as E. bahasa.

Fig. 423. Enneapterygius bahasa (NSMT–P 95450, 30.9mm SL, preserved specimen).

182

Enneapterygius etheostoma (Jordan and Snyder, 1902)[Jpn name: Hebigimpo] (Fig. 424)
BSKU 96582, 25.1 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU
96688, 31.2 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 96689, 31.6mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 96883, 23.4 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 96884, 24.0 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU
96885, 24.9 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 96886, 21.7mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 3071, 27.3 mm SL,
Isso; KAUM–I. 3074, 41.5 mm SL, Hirauchi;
KAUM–I. 3075, 39.7 mm SL, Hirauchi; KAUM–
I. 3076, 42.8 mm SL, Hirauchi; KAUM–I. 3077,
40.1 mm SL, Hirauchi; KAUM–I. 11115, 29.6mm SL, Matsumine; KAUM–I. 11230, 40.4 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11231, 44.3 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11232, 29.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11233, 27.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11234,
29.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11235, 25.4 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11236, 32.4 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11237, 26.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11238, 28.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11239,
26.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11315, 25.8 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11316, 17.4 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11317, 24.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11526, 23.2 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11527, 24.9 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
11528, 16.8 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11538,
21.0 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11572, 21.4 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11573, 22.6 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11574, 21.6 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 11575, 22.1 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11576,
24.2 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11728, 42.7 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11729, 42.6 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11730, 43.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11747, 42.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11748,
28.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11749, 28.3 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11750, 26.8 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11751, 27.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11752, 26.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11753,
25.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11754, 27.3 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11755, 25.5 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11756, 24.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11757, 24.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11758,
26.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11759, 24.3 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11760, 25.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11761, 20.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11762, 17.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21616,
22.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21617, 41.0 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21618, 43.4 mm SL, Kurio;Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

KAUM–I. 21619, 29.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21620, 21.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21621,
26.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21622, 27.2 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21623, 26.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21624, 27.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21625, 24.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21626,
19.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21629, 26.6 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21630, 25.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21631, 25.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21632, 28.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21633,
25.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21634, 24.3 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21635, 21.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21636, 26.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21637, 24.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21638,
22.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21639, 38.9 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21640, 27.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21641, 27.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21642, 26.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21643,
41.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21644, 23.5 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21645, 20.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21646, 20.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21647, 25.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21648,
24.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21649, 22.0 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21650, 24.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21651, 22.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21652, 23.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21653,
26.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21654, 24.5 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21655, 20.0 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21656, 21.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21657, 22.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21660,
22.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21794, 25.3 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21822, 22.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21825, 28.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21826, 24.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21859,
26.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21860, 22.8 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21861, 21.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21862, 26.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21863, 23.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23541,
23.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23542, 20.9 mm
SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77911, 29.2 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 77912, 26.7 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
77913, 24.0 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77914,
24.5 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77915, 23.0 mm
SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77916, 21.4 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 77917, 6 specimens, 9.8–15.7 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 91364, 23.8 mm SL, Yudomari;
NSMT–P 91382, 4 specimens, 18.5–24.7 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 91579, 45 specimens, 22.0–31.1mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Tripterygion etheostoma): NSMT–P 17834, 16 specimens, 17.4–36.1mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Enneapterygius etheostomus): Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: The specific name etheostomus isin error because the original description used thename, etheostoma, as a noun in apposition (Motomura et al., 2005), although many authors haveused the former for the species.

Fig. 424. Enneapterygius etheostoma (upper: KAUM–I.
21643, 41.4 mm SL; lower: off Isso, 6 m, 29 Jan.
2007, S. Harazaki).

Enneapterygius hemimelas (Kner and Steindachner, 1867)[Jpn name: Akegoromohebigimpo] (Fig. 425)
Meguro and Motomura (2010): KAUM–I.
11353, 19.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11354,
18.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11355, 21.0 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21659, 22.8 mm SL, Kurio.
Remarks: Previous Japanese records of E.
hemimelas were based on mis-identifications of
E. bahasa or E. flavoccipitis Shen, 1994 and true
E. hemimelas was reported from Yaku-shima Island by Meguro and Motomura (2010) as the firstJapanese records of the species.
Enneapterygius leucopunctatus Shen, 1994
[Jpn name: Hakutenhebigimpo] (Fig. 426)
Endo et al. (2010): KAUM–I. 21837, 26.4 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21838, 25.2 mm SL, Kurio.
183

H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 425. Enneapterygius hemimelas (KAUM–I. 11353,
19.3 mm SL).

Remarks: Fricke (1997) synonymized E. leucopunctatus with E. vexillarius Fowler, 1946, but
Chiang and Chen (2008) regarded the former as avalid species. Endo et al. (2010) reported E. leucopunctatus as the first records from Japan on thebasis of 17 specimens, including two specimensfrom Yaku-shima Island.

SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21658, 23.0 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21820, 22.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21821, 22.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21823,
27.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21824, 26.1 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21827, 21.6 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21828, 21.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21836, 28.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21839,
21.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21856, 23.0 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 25055, 23.4 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 63688, 20.9 mm SL, Kusugawa.
Remarks: Although this species has long
been treated as E. minutus (Günther, 1877) (e.g.,
Yoshino, 1984; Fricke, 1994a, b; Hayashi, 2002),
Fricke (1997) regarded it as a junior synonym of E.
philippinus.

Fig. 426. Enneapterygius leucopunctatus (upper: KAUM–
I. 21838, male, 25.2 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 21837,
female, 26.4 mm SL).

Enneapterygius philippinus (Peters, 1868)[Jpn name: Kusagimpo] (Fig. 427)
BSKU 96620, 23.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11244, 20.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11245,
19.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11246, 24.2 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11247, 23.8 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11248, 19.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11421, 20.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11422,
21.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11423, 20.7 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11529, 22.6 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11577, 19.9 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
11578, 16.8 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 21627,
20.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21628, 22.5 mm
184

Fig. 427. Enneapterygius philippinus (upper: KAUM–I.
11244, 20.9 mm SL; middle: off Shitoko, 1 m, 13 Dec.
2009, S. Harazaki; lower: off Haruta, 1 m, 30 May,
2008, S. Harazaki).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Enneapterygius tutuilae Jordan and Seale, 1906
[Jpn name: Segurohebigimpo] (Fig. 428)
KAUM–I. 4041, 17.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–
I. 4043, 13.6 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4044, 15.0mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4045, 11.0 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 4046, 16.9 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
4047, 19.1 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4048, 15.3mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4049, 11.7 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 4050, 18.3 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
4051, 12.0 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4052, 16.3mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4053, 17.3 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 4054, 19.3 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
4055, 18.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4057, 18.0mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4058, 20.6 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 4059, 19.4 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
4060, 12.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4062, 19.3mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4063, 15.1 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 4069, 14.2 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
4070, 18.0 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4071, 16.9mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4074, 17.4 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 4075, 18.0 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
4076, 18.4 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4080, 13.9mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4081, 20.1 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 4083, 12.0 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
4167, 17.7 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4169, 17.3mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4170, 14.7 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 4171, 18.6 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
4172, 13.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4174, 8.7mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4177, 11.6 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 4179, 19.8 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
21807, 14.3 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21808,
16.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21809, 17.2 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21810, 16.4 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 21811, 16.9 mm SL, Isso.
Remarks: “Shimahirehebigimpo” (E. mirabilis Fricke, 1994) was first recorded from Japanby Shimojyo and Hayashi (2000). However,characters of Shimojyo and Hayashi’s (2000) E.
mirabilis are within the variation of characters forE. tutuilae; thus, their E. mirabilis is most likely
to be identified as E. tutuilae (M. Meguro, unpub.
data).
Enneapterygius sp. 1[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 429)
BSKU 96623, 22.9 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU
96630, 21.6 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 96887, 21.9mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 96888, 19.3 mm SL, Ku-

Fig. 428. Enneapterygius tutuilae (upper: KAUM–I. 4071,
16.9 mm SL; lower: same individual with the above,
KAUM–I. 4071, off Isso, 7 m, 26 Apr. 2007, S. Harazaki).

rio; BSKU 96889, 20.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
11352, 28.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11429,
25.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11430, 27.4 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11431, 21.4 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11470, 21.4 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–
I. 11471, 20.1 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11477,
21.0 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11479, 20.3 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11743, 27.5 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11744, 22.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11745, 19.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21662,
21.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23544, 19.3 mm
SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22581, 21.4 mm SL, Isso.
Remarks: This species is similar to E. bahasa
and E. erythrosomus Shen, 1994 in overall body
appearance and general coloration, with distinct
black blotches on the pectoral-fin base. However,Enneapterygius sp. 1 has a single symphyseal
mandibular pore, whereas E. bahasa has 2–8
pores. The body, including head and fins, of mature males of Enneapterygius sp. 1 is uniformly
black, but the trunk of mature male E. bahasa isnever black. Enneapterygius sp. 1 is most likely
to be E. erythrosomus (currently known only from
Taiwan; Chiang and Chen, 2008), but comparisonof mature male coloration of the two is required.
185

H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 430. Enneapterygius sp. 2 (upper: KAUM–I. 4168,
20.1 mm SL; lower: same individual with the above,
KAUM–I. 4168, off Isso, 1.5 m, 27 Apr. 2007, S.
Harazaki).

Fig. 429. Enneapterygius sp. 1 (upper: KAUM–I. 11352,
28.4 mm SL; middle: off Isso, 6 m, 16 Mar. 2009, S.
Harazaki; lower: off Yoshida, 4 m, 1 Apr. 2005, S.
Harazaki).

Enneapterygius sp. 2[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 430)
KAUM–I. 3069, 24.8 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–
I. 3070, 15.6 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4056, 16.2mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4061, 19.9 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 4064, 11.0 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
4082, 11.9 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4168, 20.1mm SL, Isso.
Remarks: This species is probably undescribed.
Enneapterygius sp. 3[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 431)
KAUM–I. 21815, 16.2 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–
I. 21819, 19.3 mm SL, Isso.
Remarks: This species is probably an undescribed species.
186

Fig. 431. Enneapterygius sp. 3 (upper: KAUM–I. 21815,
16.2 mm SL; middle: off Isso, 6 m, 19 Feb. 2006, S.
Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 5 m, 18 Oct. 2009, S. Harazaki).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Enneapterygius sp. 4[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 432)
KAUM–I. 4040, 16.7 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–
I. 4042, 19.2 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4065, 15.6mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4068, 22.7 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 4072, 12.8 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
4073, 16.8 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4077, 13.2mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4078, 9.0 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 4079, 13.6 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
4173, 12.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4175, 15.8mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 4176, 21.1 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 4178, 16.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
21812, 16.9 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21813,
15.7 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21814, 16.2 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21816, 16.5 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 21817, 15.1 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
21818, 14.2 mm SL, Isso.
Remarks: This species is an undescribed species closely related to E. tutuilae, and is to be described by Meguro et al. (in prep.).

Fig. 432. Enneapterygius sp. 4 (upper: KAUM–I. 21814,
16.2 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 4042, off Isso, 30 m,
22 Apr. 2007, S. Harazaki).

Enneapterygius sp. 5[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 433)
BSKU 96619, 26.5 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU
96622, 23.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 3069, 25.3mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 3072, 29.5 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 21661, 23.7 mm SL, Kurio.
Remarks: This species is similar to E. leucopunctatus in overall body appearance andmeristic ranges of the two completely overlap.
However, the two species can be distinguished bycoloration of mature males, including black andwhite vertical bands at the caudal-fin base (seeFigs. 420, 427). Enneapterygius sp. 5 is most likely to be an undescribed species, and is currently
studied by H. Endo (BSKU) and his colleagues.
Helcogramma inclinata (Fowler, 1946)[Jpn name: Ayahebigimpo] (Fig. 434)
BSKU 96558, 35.4 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU
96572, 33.1 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU 96637,
33.7 mm SL, Isso; BSKU 96638, 34.9 mm SL,
Isso; BSKU 96679, 29.4 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU
96680, 37.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 34, 45.0mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11189, 42.7 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 11190, 41.4 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11242, 43.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11243, 41.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11424,
50.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11425, 50.1 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11426, 33.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11427, 30.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11428, 24.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11472,
24.7 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11473, 22.4 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 11474, 29.5 mm SL, Isso;
KAUM–I. 11478, 22.8 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
11731, 50.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11732,
45.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11733, 36.3mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11734, 31.1 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 11735, 29.1 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11736, 26.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11737, 25.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11738,
24.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11763, 31.5 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20192, 28.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20209, 36.2 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20210, 21.3 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20348, 28.4 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
20349, 20.4 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 20350,
29.9 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 20351, 39.1 mm
SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21857, 24.0 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21858, 21.7 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
95423, 45.2 mm SL, Hirauchi; NSMT–P 95452,
49.3 mm SL, Haruo; NSMT–P 95447, 44.5 mm
SL, Haruo.
Kuniyasu (1999, as Helcogramma fuscopinna): Kurio. Motomura et al. (2006): KAUM–I. 34,
45.0 mm SL, Isso. Motomura (2007): Yoshida.
Remarks: Motomura et al. (2006) assessed
Japanese name for this species and described new
diagnostic characters of the species.
187H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 434. Helcogramma inclinata (upper: BSKU 96558,
35.4 mm SL; middle: off Yoshida, after Motomura
et al., 2006; lower: off Yoshida, 5 m, 1 Apr. 2005, S.
Harazaki).

Fig. 433. Enneapterygius sp. 5 (upper to lower: BSKU
96622, male, 23.2 mm SL; BSKU 96619, female, 26.5mm SL; KAUM–I. 3072, 29.5 mm SL, off Isso, 5 Feb.
2006, S. Harazaki; last two images: off Hirauchi, 2 m,
16 Feb. 2005, S. Harazaki).

188

Helcogramma obtusirostre (Klunzinger, 1871)[Jpn name: Kuromasuku] (Fig. 435)
BSKU 96621, 24.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11240, 18.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11241,
14.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11361, 27.2 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11432, 24.3 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11433, 21.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11739, 23.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11740,
20.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11741, 20.6 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11742, 21.8 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11764, 21.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

I. 11765, 20.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11766,
19.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23543, 20.8 mm
SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77916, 21.4 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 91381, 43.2 mm SL, Kurio;.
Remarks: Hayashi (2002) described this species as H. obtusirostris in error (instead of H. obtusirostre).

Fig. 436. Helcogramma rhinoceros (upper: male, off
Yoshida, 3 m, 19 Oct. 2009, S. Harazaki; lower: female, off Yoshida, 3 m, 17 Jan. 2010, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 435. Helcogramma obtusirostre (upper: KAUM–I.
11361, 27.2 mm SL; middle: off Yoshida, 3 m, 22 Feb.
2006, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 3 m, 27 Nov. 2004,
S. Harazaki).

Helcogramma rhinoceros Hansen, 1986
[Jpn name: Tenguhebigimpo] (Fig. 436)
Helcogramma striata Hansen, 1986
[Jpn name: Tatejimahebigimpo] (Fig. 437)
KAUM–I. 20174, 20.9 mm SL, Yudomari.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 437. Helcogramma striata (upper: KAUM–I. 20174,
20.9 mm SL; lower: off Isso, 10 m, 9 Feb. 2009, S.
Harazaki).

Norfolkia brachylepis (Schultz, 1960)[Jpn name: Kokutennisehebigimpo] (Fig. 438)
KAUM–I. 11398, 43.8 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11399, 38.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11400, 35.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11401,
26.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11438, 21.2 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11439, 26.8 mm SL, Kurio.
189

H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 438. Norfolkia brachylepis (KAUM–I. 11398, 43.8mm SL).

Norfolkia thomasi Whitley, 1964
[Jpn name: Nisehebigimpo] (Fig. 439)
KAUM–I. 3073, 24.6 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
20257, 25.5 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22554, 32.5mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 439. Norfolkia thomasi (KAUM–I. 20257, 25.5 mm
SL).

FAMILY BLENNIIDAE
Andamia tetradactylus (Bleeker, 1858)[Jpn name: Yodarekake] (Fig. 441)
KPM–NI 22758, 60.2 mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI
22759, 57.7 mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI 22767, 39.9mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI 22768, 50.6 mm SL, Isso;
KPM–NI 22854, 48.7 mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI
22855, 54.5 mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI 22856, 55.3mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI 22857, 43.4 mm SL, Isso;
KPM–NI 22858, 58.6 mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI
22863, 44.3 mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI 22864, 56.1mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI 22865, 65.5 mm SL, Isso;
KPM–NI 22866, 65.0 mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI
22928, 61.6 mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI 22929, 72.0mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI 22930, 79.2 mm SL, Isso;
KPM–NI 22937, 68.5 mm SL, Isso; KPM–NI
22938, 81.6 mm SL, Isso; NSMT–P 77622, 87.7mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; NSMT–P 77623,
73.1 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River.
MOSC (2002): Isso.

Ucla xenogrammus Holleman, 1993
[Jpn name: Kasurihebigimpo] (Fig. 440)

Fig. 441. Andamia tetradactylus (upper: KPM–NI 22937,
male, 68.5 mm SL; lower: KPM–NI 22856, female,55.3 mm SL).

Aspidontus dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1836)[Jpn name: Kurosujigimpo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Aspidontus taeniatus taeniatus Quoy and Gaimard, 1834
[Jpn name: Nisekurosujigimpo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Blenniella chrysospilos (Bleeker, 1857)[Jpn name: Montsukikaeruuo] (Fig. 442)

Fig. 440. Ucla xenogrammus (upper: off Isso, 10 m, 16Jan. 2010, S. Harazaki; lower: off Isso, 10 m, 17 Jan.
2010, S. Harazaki).

190

Blenniella periophthalmus (Valenciennes, 1836)[Jpn name: Hanakaeruuo] (Fig. 443)
KPM–NI 22884, 90.7 mm SL, Ambo.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Cirripectes kuwamurai Fukao, 1984
[Jpn name: Sujitategamikaeruuo]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Cirripectes polyzona (Bleeker, 1868)[Jpn name: Minokaeruuo]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Ecsenius bicolor (Day, 1888)[Jpn name: Futairokaeruuo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 442. Blenniella chrysospilos (off Isso, 5 m, 16 May
2008, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 443. Blenniella periophthalmus (KPM–NI 22884, 90.7mm SL).

Ecsenius lineatus Klausewitz, 1962
[Jpn name: Hitosujigimpo]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Ecsenius midas Starck, 1969
[Jpn name: Hanadaigimpo] (Fig. 445)
Remarks: In Japanese waters, this species
has been recorded only from southern part of the
Ryukyu Island. The photograph (Fig. 439) represents the northernmost record for the species.
Relatively rare at Yaku-shima Island; subadults
were observed at 15 m off Kurio and 10 m off Nagata by S. Harazaki.

Cirripectes filamentosus (Alleyne and Macleay, 1877)[Jpn name: Oborogetategamikaeruuo] (Fig. 444)
Murase et al. (2009): KAUM–I. 11586, 52.5mm SL, Ambo.
Remarks: This specimen from Yaku-shimaIsland was reported by Murase et al. (2009) as thefirst Japanese record and northernmost record in
the western Pacific Ocean of C. filamentosus.
Fig. 445. Ecsenius midas (off Isso, 25 m, 15 July 2009, S.
Harazaki).

Ecsenius namiyei (Jordan and Evermann, 1902)[Jpn name: Niramigimpo] (Fig. 446)
Fig. 444. Cirripectes filamentosus (KAUM–I. 11586, 52.5mm SL).

Ecsenius oculus Springer, 1971
[Jpn name: Goishigimpo] (Fig. 447)

191

H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 446. Ecsenius namiyei (off Isso, 10 m, 11 Sept. 2009, S.
Harazaki).

Fig. 449. Enchelyurus kraussii (upper: NSMT–P 17860,
23.6 mm SL, preserved specimen; lower: NSMT–P
95451, 26.0 mm SL, preserved specimen).

Entomacrodus caudofasciatus (Regan, 1909)[Jpn name: Aomongimpo] (Fig. 450)
NSMT–P 95444, 40.2 mm SL, Haruo.

Fig. 447. Ecsenius oculus (off Nagata, 5 m, 19 Nov. 2009, S.
Harazaki).
Fig. 450. Entomacrodus caudofasciatus (NSMT–P 95444,
40.2 mm SL).

Ecsenius yaeyamaensis (Aoyagi, 1954)[Jpn name: Ishigakikaeruuo] (Fig. 448)
BSKU 96568, 22.9 mm SL, Yudomari.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Entomacrodus striatus (Valenciennes, 1836)[Jpn name: Sujigimpo] (Fig. 451)
KAUM–I. 20255, 61.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 20269, 65.3 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
91374, 60 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 448. Ecsenius yaeyamaensis (BSKU 96568, 22.9 mm
SL).

Fig. 451. Entomacrodus striatus (KAUM–I. 20269, 65.3mm SL).

Enchelyurus kraussii (Klunzinger, 1871)[Jpn name: Kurogimpo] (Fig. 449)
NSMT–P 95451, 26.0 mm SL, Haruo.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17860, 23.6mm SL, Kusugawa.

192

Entomacrodus thalassinus thalassinus (Jordan and Seale, 1906)[Jpn name: Gotenkaeruuo] (Fig. 452)
KPM–NI 24787, 30.9 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–
NI 24788, 35.8 mm SL, Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 452. Entomacrodus thalassinus thalassinus (KPM–NI
24788, 35.8 mm SL).

Istiblennius dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1836)[Jpn name: Kaeruuomodoki] (Fig. 453)
KAUM–I. 25051, 51.6 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 25059, 35.0 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI
23023, 53.4 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77740, 73.7mm SL, Nagakubo.

Fig. 453. Istiblennius dussumieri (upper: KAUM–I. 25051,
male, 51.6 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 25059, female,
35.0 mm SL).

Istiblennius edentulus (Forster and Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Nisekaeruuo] (Fig. 454)
KAUM–I. 11218, 67.5 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11338, 108.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11530, 67.5 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 21686,
104.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21687, 102.2mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21688, 76.5 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 25050, 56.5 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 77989, 3 specimens, 18.1–28.1 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 91506, 3 specimens, 60–85 mm
SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91629, 3 specimens,
45–62 mm SL, Kurio; USNM 317438, 56.2 mm
SL.

Fig. 454. Istiblennius edentulus (upper: KAUM–I. 11338,
male, 108.5 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11530, female,
67.5 mm SL).

Istiblennius enosimae (Jordan and Snyder, 1902)[Jpn name: Kaeruuo] (Fig. 455)
KAUM–I. 11325, 31.4 mm SL, Nagakubo;
KAUM–I. 11417, 12.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11420, 25.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11684,
23.6 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20254, 97.7 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20258, 101.8 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 21805, 112.0 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 91350, 83 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P
91605, 80 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 95462,
24.4 mm SL, Haruo.
Jordan and Starks (1906, as Salarias enosimae): SU 9779, 2 specimens, 93.4–124.9 mm SL,
Miyanoura. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shimaIsland.
Remarks: Jordan and Starks (1906) referred
to “numerous specimens collected at Miyanoura,
Yakushima, and at Tanegashima”, but only two
specimens from Yaku-shima Island exist at the
California Academy of Sciences.

Fig. 455. Istiblennius enosimae (KAUM–I. 21805, 112.0mm SL).

193

H. Motomura et al.

Istiblennius lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836)[Jpn name: Senkaeruuo] (Fig. 456)
KPM–NI 24798, 30.0 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77990, 5 specimens, 20.2–28.0 mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [one specimen (46 mm TL) was reported, but not found at
NSMT].

Fig. 458. Meiacanthus kamoharai (KAUM–I. 20145, 53.5mm SL).

Nannosalarias nativitatus (Regan, 1909)[Jpn name: Hinagimpo] (Fig. 459)
Fig. 456. Istiblennius lineatus (KPM–NI 24798, 30.0 mm
SL).

Meiacanthus atrodorsalis (Günther, 1877)[Jpn name: Ogonnijigimpo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 459. Nannosalarias nativitatus (off Nagata, 4 m, 5June 2009, S. Harazaki).

Meiacanthus ditrema Smith-Vaniz, 1976
[Jpn name: Satsukigimpo]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Meiacanthus grammistes (Valenciennes, 1836)[Jpn name: Higenijigimpo] (Fig. 457)

Fig. 457. Meiacanthus grammistes (off Isso, 6 m, 5 Nov.
2007, S. Harazaki).

Meiacanthus kamoharai Tomiyama, 1956
[Jpn name: Kamoharagimpo] (Fig. 458)
KAUM–I. 20145, 53.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20146, 30.9 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–
NI 22543, 42.5 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

194

Omobranchus loxozonus (Jordan and Starks, 1906)[Jpn name: Kumogimpo] (Fig. 460)
KAUM–I. 11534, 46.1 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11569, 45.4 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 11570, 44.4 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11571,
49.5 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11662, 41.8 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11667, 45.1 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11668, 43.9 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 11669, 42.9 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11670,
41.8 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11671, 43.7 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11672, 36.7 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11673, 39.6 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 11674, 36.8 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11675,
35.9 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11676, 34.9 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11677, 34.4 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11678, 29.5 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 11679, 19.1 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11680,
24.2 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11681, 21.3 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11682, 18.6 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11683, 21.6 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 11685, 44.6 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11686,
38.7 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11687, 34.9 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11688, 39.2 mm SL, Ambo;

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

KAUM–I. 11689, 39.2 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 11690, 29.9 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11691,
32.1 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11692, 40.0 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11693, 36.1 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 22831, 40.5 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
22832, 39.8 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 22833,
38.3 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 22834, 37.9 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 22835, 37.5 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 22836, 36.7 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 22838, 43.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 22839,
47.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 22840, 49.8 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23468, 42.1 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23469, 44.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23470, 47.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23532,
18.7 mm SL, Ambo; NSMT–P 77567, 48.2 mm
SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77752, 23.5 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77779, 54.8 mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17817, 3 specimens, 35.8–49.0 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa etal. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 461. Petroscirtes mitratus (BSKU 96555, 31.5 mm
SL).

Plagiotremus rhinorhijnchos (Bleeker, 1852)[Jpn name: Minamigimpo] (Fig. 462)
Arai and Ida (1975, as Runula rhinorhijnchos): NSMT–P 17848, 40.6 mm SL, Kusugawa.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 462. Plagiotremus rhinorhijnchos (NSMT–P 17848,
40.6 mm SL, preserved specimen).

Fig. 460. Omobranchus loxozonus (KAUM–I. 11570, 44.4mm SL).

Plagiotremus tapeinosoma (Bleeker, 1857)[Jpn name: Tenkurosujigimpo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Petroscirtes breviceps (Valenciennes, 1836)[Jpn name: Nijigimpo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Petroscirtes mitratus Rüppell, 1830
[Jpn name: Hatatategimpo] (Fig. 461)
BSKU 96555, 31.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20022, 52 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–
I. 20023, 43 mm SL, Yudomari.
Plagiotremus laudandus laudandus (Whitley, 1961)[Jpn name: Inasegimpo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Praealticus margaritarius (Snyder, 1908)[Jpn name: Tamagimpo] (Fig. 463)
KAUM–I. 11221, 57.0 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11224, 55.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11225, 60.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11226,
59.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11418, 32.6 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11419, 25.1 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11695, 47.4 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 11696, 40.7 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11697,
42.8 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11698, 36.5 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11699, 41.0 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 20274, 49.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21745, 28.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 22822,
67.7 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 22823, 64.7 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 22824, 55.7 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 22825, 58.6 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
22826, 57.1 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 22827,
195

H. Motomura et al.

56.0 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 22828, 52.3 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 22829, 51.2 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 22830, 44.0 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 23585, 60.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23586,
52.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23587, 55.4 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23588, 54.8 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23589, 66.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23590, 49.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23591,
53.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23592, 50.3 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23593, 60.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23594, 50.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23595, 65.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23596,
47.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23597, 58.4 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23598, 54.0 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23599, 60.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23600, 49.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23601,
50.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23602, 52.4 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23603, 55.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23604, 55.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23605, 48.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23606,
49.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23607, 40.7 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23608, 41.8 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23609, 47.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23610, 45.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23611,
49.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23612, 45.6 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23613, 47.8 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23614, 52.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24850, 56.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24851,
64.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24852, 66.2 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24853, 53.6 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 24854, 51.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24855, 58.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24856,
61.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24857, 53.7 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24858, 64.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 24859, 50.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24860, 48.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24861,
53.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24862, 53.2 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24863, 54.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 24864, 48.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24865, 47.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24866,
57.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24867, 62.0 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24868, 53.4 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 24869, 60.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24870, 59.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24871,
51.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24872, 53.6 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24873, 72.5 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 24874, 65.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24875, 60.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24876,
196

59.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24877, 60.8 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24878, 60.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 24879, 58.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24880, 65.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24881,
55.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24882, 57.4 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24883, 63.0 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 24884, 62.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24885, 59.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24886,
54.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24887, 56.3 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24888, 59.8 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 24889, 51.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24890, 53.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24891,
54.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24892, 58.6 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24893, 56.0 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 24894, 48.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24895, 55.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24896,
51.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24897, 54.8 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24898, 50.3 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 24899, 48.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24900, 54.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24901,
62.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24902, 56.7 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24903, 45.5 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 24904, 44.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24905, 49.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24906,
41.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24907, 46.7 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24908, 49.1 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 24909, 52.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24910, 43.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24911,
49.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24912, 42.2 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24913, 42.5 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 24914, 45.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24915, 45.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24916,
49.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24917, 49.7 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24918, 50.4 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 24919, 50.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24920, 42.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24921,
43.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24922, 53.3 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24923, 43.3 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 24924, 53.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24925, 45.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24926,
57.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24927, 48.6 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24928, 51.3 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 24929, 50.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 24930, 43.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24931,
52.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24932, 47.9 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 24933, 45.2 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25512, 48.0 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25513, 62.0 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77735, 55.5

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77736, 58.4 mm
SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77737, 40.3 mm SL,
Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77775, 45.6 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 91363, 47 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91371, 60 specimens, 22–59 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 91583, 5 specimens, 29–47 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 91604, 8 specimens, 38–58 mm
SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91612, 68 specimens,
16–55 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91674, 6 specimens, 16–25 mm SL, Kurio; USNM 313686, 19
specimens, 39.1–63.3 mm SL, Miyanoura.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17811, 16
specimens, 23.3–50.7 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 17829, 2 specimens, 58.5–63.0 mm SL,
Kusugawa; NSMT–P 17857, 3 specimens, 47.1–
60.1 mm SL, Kusugawa. MOSC (2002): Ambo
and Kurio.

Fig. 463. Praealticus margaritarius (KAUM–I. 11221,
57.0 mm SL).

Praealticus striatus Bath, 1992
[Jpn name: Kabukigimpo] (Fig. 464)
FRLM 34688, 53.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
11217, 65.0 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 464. Praealticus striatus (KAUM–I. 11217, female,
65.0 mm SL).

Praealticus tanegasimae (Jordan and Starks, 1906)[Jpn name: Tanegimpo] (Fig. 465)
FRLM 34685, 73.7 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM
34686, 73.3 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34687, 61.1mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34691, 48.5 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34692, 62.2 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM
34693, 52.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11219,
75.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11220, 62.6 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11223, 59.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23550, 74.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23551, 81.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23552,
77.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23553, 67.2 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23554, 64.5 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23555, 66.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23556, 73.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23557,
66.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23558, 69.0 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23559, 69.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23560, 60.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23561, 64.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23562,
57.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23563, 57.1 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23564, 65.1 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23565, 68.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23566, 54.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23567,
60.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23568, 62.2 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23569, 53.0 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23570, 59.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23571, 54.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23572,
58.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23573, 55.5 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23574, 57.5 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23575, 51.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23576, 61.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23577,
55.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23578, 59.4 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23579, 60.6 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23580, 62.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23581, 56.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23582,
51.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23583, 58.1 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23584, 50.6 mm SL, Kurio;
KPM–NI 22879, 65.1 mm SL, Ambo; NSMT–P
77738, 41.0 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77739,
57.2 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77988, 44.3mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91377, 36 specimens,
25–76 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91603, 10 specimens, 50–65 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91613,
178 specimens, 25–85 mm SL, Kurio.
Jordan and Starks (1906, as Salarias tanegasimae): SU 14690, 3 specimens, 50.7–63.2mm SL, Miyanoura; USNM 53537, 6 specimens,
45.0–68.3 mm SL, Miyanoura. Arai and Ida(1975): NSMT–P 17818, 8 specimens, 33.2–82.4mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 17965, 5 specimens, 61.3–70.4 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P
58100, 50.2 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58104,
197

H. Motomura et al.

2 specimens, 50.1–57.8 mm SL, Kusugawa.
Remarks: The original description of S. tanegasimae by Jordan and Starks (1906) stated thatspecimens were collected from Tanegashima andYakushima. The holotype and seven paratypes
were from Tanega-shima Island. The six Yakushima Island specimens registered as USNM
53537 are non-types.

Fig. 465. Praealticus tanegasimae (upper: KPM–NI 22879,
male, 65.1 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11219, male,
75.8 mm SL).

Rhabdoblennius nitidus (Günther, 1861)[Jpn name: Rousokugimpo] (Fig. 466)
BSKU 96685, 44.2 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU
96686, 45.2 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 96687, 40.8mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34689, 29.3 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34690, 42.6 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM
34697, 60.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11212,
15.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11779, 51.9 mm
SL, Nagakubo; KAUM–I. 11780, 51.6 mm SL,
Nagakubo; KAUM–I. 20256, 53.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 20270, 60.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 20271, 55.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21689,
41.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21690, 44.4 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21744, 28.4 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23471, 48.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23472, 52.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23473,
57.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23474, 50.0 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23475, 42.1 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23476, 26.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23477, 49.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23478,
48.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23479, 47.4 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23480, 53.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23481, 63.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
198

I. 23482, 43.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23483,
50.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23484, 52.0 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23485, 52.3 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23486, 45.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23487, 48.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23488,
48.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23489, 27.7 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23490, 40.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23491, 46.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23492, 44.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23493,
56.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23494, 50.6 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23495, 44.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23496, 33.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23497, 46.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23498,
56.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23499, 54.1 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23500, 47.1 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23501, 48.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23502, 56.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23503,
32.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23504, 52.2 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23505, 60.3 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23506, 38.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23507, 42.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23508,
48.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23509, 45.3 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23510, 47.6 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23511, 53.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
23512, 47.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23513,
51.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23514, 40.6 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23515, 44.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23516, 52.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23517, 42.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23518,
28.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23519, 32.8 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23520, 42.5 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23521, 46.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
23522, 75.2 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25514, 57.2mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77748, 50.8 mm SL,
Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77749, 52.5 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77750, 45.9 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77751, 3 specimens, 13.7–21.6 mm
SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91376, 41 specimens,
25–62 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91584, 26 specimens, 28–66 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91611,
39 specimens, 25–56 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
91673, 15 mm SL, Kurio.
Jordan and Starks (1906 as Blennius ellipes):
USNM 61164, 4 paratypes of Blennius ellipes,
35.5–48.9 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island. Arai andIda (1975): NSMT–P 17839 (as Istiblennius bilitonensis, Hohogurogimpo), 42.1 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 17856, 7 specimens, 31.3–61.2 mm

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58103, 51.5 mm SL,
Kusugawa.
Remarks: Bath (2004) regarded Blennius ellipes Jordan and Starks, 1906 (= Rhabdoblennius
ellipes) as a junior synonym of Salarias nitidus.

Salarias sinuosus Snyder, 1908
[Jpn name: Hirenagakaeruuo] (Fig. 468)
KPM–NI 22872, 44.8 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–
NI 22873, 43.4 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 22874,
47.7 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 22886, 47.7 mm
SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 22932, 42.4 mm SL, Ambo;
KPM–NI 24791, 47.2 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI
24794, 23.8 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 466. Rhabdoblennius nitidus (KAUM–I. 20271, 55.1mm SL).

Salarias luctuosus Whitley, 1929
[Jpn name: Shimagimpo] (Fig. 467)
KAUM–I. 11313, 32.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11651, 56.8 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 11663, 52.5 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11664,
49.4 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11665, 48.1 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11666, 33.1 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11702, 20.6 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 11703, 22.8 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11704,
21.4 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11705, 21.6 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 21829, 68.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 22837, 45.9 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI
22883, 45.0 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI 22887, 60.5mm SL, Ambo; NSMT–P 91375, 53 mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 17810, 15
specimens, 27.4–64.2 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 468. Salarias sinuosus (upper: KPM–NI 22932, male,
42.4 mm SL; lower: KPM–NI 22886, female, 47.7 mm
SL).

FAMILY CHAENOPSIDAE
Neoclinus bryope (Jordan and Snyder, 1902)[Jpn name: Kokegimpo]
Aizawa (2002): Yaku-shima Island.
Neoclinus nudus Stephens and Springer, 1971
[Jpn name: Hadakakokegimpo] (Fig. 469)

Fig. 469. Neoclinus nudus (off Isso, 8 m, 11 June 2007, S.
Harazaki).
Fig. 467. Salarias luctuosus (upper: KPM–NI 22887, male,
60.5 mm SL; lower: KPM–NI 22883, female, 45.0 mm
SL).

199

H. Motomura et al.

Neoclinus sp.
[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 470)
Remarks: This species is very similar to Neoclinus chihiroe Fukao, 1987, but differs from thelatter in several aspects, including the number ofcephalic sensory pores; currently studied by A.
Murase of Tokyo University of Marine Scienceand Technology.

Fig. 471. Conidens laticephalus (KAUM–I. 11210, 17.7mm SL).

Lepadichthys frenatus Waite, 1904
[Jpn name: Misakiubauo] (Fig. 472)
BSKU 96653, 42.0 mm SL, Isso; BSKU
96654, 12.2 mm SL, Isso; FRLM 34741, 27.2mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11163, 29.2 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 11266, 51.1 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11330, 25.7 mm SL, Nagakubo;
KAUM–I. 11621, 44.0 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
20276, 37.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21757,
29.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21758, 31.9 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21832, 29.3 mm SL, Kurio;
MUFS 25605, 29.9 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25606,
30.3 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25607, 29.6 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 91670, 29 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91671, 16 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 95455,
45.6 mm SL, Haruo.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 58109, 57.4mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58118, 54.3 mm
SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58121, 44.0 mm SL,
Kusugawa.

Fig. 470. Neoclinus sp. (off Onoaida, 8 m, 2 Mar. 2005, S.
Harazaki).

FAMILY GOBIESOCIDAE
Conidens laticephalus (Tanaka, 1909)[Jpn name: Ankoubauo] (Fig. 471)
KAUM–I. 11210, 17.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11294, 23.9 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11413, 20.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21833, 25.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 22816,
24.8 mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [three specimens (25–56 mm TL) were reported, but notfound at NSMT].
200

Fig. 472. Lepadichthys frenatus (upper: KAUM–I. 11163,
29.2 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11266, 51.1 mm SL).

Pherallodus indicus (Weber, 1913)[Jpn name: Hosoubauo] (Fig. 473)
KAUM–I. 11391, 14.1 mm SL, Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 473. Pherallodus indicus (KAUM–I. 11391, 14.1 mm
SL).

FAMILY CALLIONYMIDAE
Callionymus curvicornis Valenciennes, 1837
[Jpn name: Nezumigochi] (Fig. 474)
USNM 111598, 88.6 mm SL, off southeast of
Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: This species has often been treatedas Callionymus richardsoni Bleeker, 1854, Repomucenus richardsonii, or Repomucenus curvicornis.

Minysynchiropus kiyoae (Fricke and Zaiser, 1983)[Jpn name: Himeteguri]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Remarks: This species has often been treatedas Synchiropus kiyoae Fricke and Zaiser, 1983.
Neosynchiropus ocellatus (Pallas, 1770)[Jpn name: Kouwanteguri] (Fig. 476)
KAUM–I. 21769, 32.0 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–
NI 24906, 11.6 mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Synchiropus ocellatus):
NSMT–P 58116, 40.5 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58130, 44.8 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P
58137, 40.8 mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al.
(1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: This species has often been treatedas Synchiropus ocellatus.

Fig. 474. Callionymus curvicornis (USNM 111598, 88.6mm SL, preserved specimen).

Diplogrammus goramensis (Bleeker, 1858)[Jpn name: Minamikobunumeri]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Diplogrammus xenicus (Jordan and Thompson, 1914)[Jpn name: Kobunumeri] (Fig. 475)
BSKU 96602, 83.6 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU
96657, 62.9 mm SL, Isso; BSKU 96658, 40.8mm SL, Isso; BSKU 96610, 36.5 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 20379, 84.2 mm SL, Isso.

Fig. 476. Neosynchiropus ocellatus (KAUM–I. 21769, 32.0mm SL).

Paradiplogrammus enneactis (Bleeker, 1879)[Jpn name: Kogatahanabinumeri]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Remarks: This species has often been treatedas Callionymus enneactis.
FSMILY ELEOTRIDAE
Butis amboinensis (Bleeker, 1853)[Jpn name: Yaeyamanokogirihaze] (Fig. 477)
KAUM–I. 11503, 20.9 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River.

Fig. 477. Butis amboinensis (KAUM–I. 11503, 20.9 mm
SL).
Fig. 475. Diplogrammus xenicus (upper: BSKU 96610,
36.5 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 20379, 84.2 mm SL).

201

H. Motomura et al.

Eleotris acanthopoma Bleeker, 1853
[Jpn name: Chichibumodoki] (Fig. 478)
BSKU 96881, 71.0 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU
96882, 38.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11202,
77.5 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I.
11303, 92.0 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11304,
63.0 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11715, 36.8mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I.
11771, 23.0 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River;
KAUM–I. 11772, 25.5 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 20298, 37.9 mm SL,
mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 20318, 36.8 mm
SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 20321, 92.9mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 20322,
77 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I.
20370, 36.9 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River;
KAUM–I. 21597, 38.8 mm SL, mouth of Ambo
River; KAUM–I. 21598, 73.3 mm SL, mouthof Ambo River; KAUM–I. 21599, 54.3 mm SL,
mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 21600, 47.9mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 24711,
49.0 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–
I. 24712, 25.8 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River;
KAUM–I. 24713, 22.0 mm SL, mouth of Kurio
River; KAUM–I. 24714, 19.3 mm SL, mouthof Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24715, 42.4mm SL,
mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24716, 31.9 mm
SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 24717, 30.3mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; MUFS 25443,
13.5 mm SL, Matsumine.

of the body not reaching to the ventral, yellowish
ventrolateral body surface, and a dark band acrossthe dorsal and anal fins.

Fig. 479. Xenisthmus sp. (KPM–NI. 22558, 18.0 mm SL).

FAMILY GOBIIDAE
Acentrogobius audax Smith, 1959
[Jpn name: Nisetsumugihaze] (Fig. 480)
BSKU 96627, 39.5 mm SL, mouth of Kurio
River.

Fig. 480. Acentrogobius audax (BSKU 96627, 39.5 mm
SL).

Acentrogobius suluensis (Herre, 1927)[Jpn name: Hohogurosujihaze] (Fig. 481)
KPM–NI 22568, 30.4 mm SL, mouth of Kurio
River.
Fig. 478. Eleotris acanthopoma (KAUM–I. 20298, 37.9mm SL).

FAMILY XENISTHMIDAE
Xenisthmus sp.
[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 479)
KPM–NI. 22558, 18.0 mm SL, Kurio.
Remarks: The Yaku-shima specimen is similar
to X. polyzonatus (Klunzinger, 1871), but differsin having the vertical bars on the lateral surface
202

Fig. 481. Acentrogobius suluensis (KPM–NI 22568, 30.4mm SL).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Amblyeleotris fontanesii (Bleeker, 1852)[Jpn name: Nyudodatehaze] (Fig. 482)

Amblyeleotris wheeleri (Polunin and Lubbock, 1977)[Jpn name: Kubiakahaze]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Amblyeleotris fasciata): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shimaIsland.
Amblygobius linki Herre, 1927
[Jpn name: Wakakesarasahaze] (Fig. 485)
Ogihara et al. (2009): mouth of Ambo River.

Fig. 482. Amblyeleotris fontanesii (off Isso, 12 m, 18 Oct.
2009, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 485. Amblygobius linki (mouth of Ambo River; after
Ogihara et al., 2009).

Amblyeleotris japonica Takagi, 1957
[Jpn name: Datehaze] (Fig. 483)
KAUM–I. 20141, 44.3 mm SL, Yudomari.

Fig. 483. Amblyeleotris japonica (KAUM–I. 20141, 44.3mm SL).

Amblyeleotris periophthalma (Bleeker, 1853)[Jpn name: Dandaradatehaze] (Fig. 484)

Fig. 484. Amblyeleotris periophthalma (off Isso, 18 m, 28
Mar. 2004, S. Harazaki).

Amblygobius nocturnus (Herre, 1945)[Jpn name: Hohobenisarasahaze] (Fig. 486)
KAUM–I. 11277, 24.8 mm SL, Yudomari;
KPM–NI 22539, 20.6 mm SL, Yudomari.
Remarks: These specimens are probably thesame as Amblygobius sp. A of Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).

Fig. 486. Amblygobius nocturnus (KPM–NI 22539, 20.6mm SL).

Amblygobius phalaena (Valenciennes, 1837)[Jpn name: Sarasahaze] (Fig. 487)
BSKU 96545, Yudomari; BSKU 96624,
mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 20024, 40.8mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20055, 99.7 mm
203

H. Motomura et al.

SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20084, 91.1 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20153, 39.4 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20195, 45.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20217, 30.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20316, 39.8 mm SL, mouth of Kurio
River; KAUM–I. 20319, 33.4 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 20320, 38.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
20536, 38 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 21603,
101.2 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KPM–NI
22540, 68.6 mm SL, Yudomari.
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shimaIsland.

KAUM–I. 11389, 12.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
11514, 29.0 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20157,
25.4 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20173, 23mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20218, 25.4 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20219, 21.4 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20220, 19.8 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20538, 26.6 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 21754, 18.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21787, 31.6 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 21867, 21.2mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23530, 18.9 mm SL,
Ambo; KAUM–I. 23531, 30.5 mm SL, Ambo;
KPM–NI 22525, 21.3 mm SL, Yudomari.

Fig. 487. Amblygobius phalaena (KAUM–I. 20055, 99.7mm SL).

Amblygobius sp.
[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 488)
Remarks: The photographed individual isidentified as Amblygobius sp. 1 of Suzuki and
Shibukawa (2004).
Fig. 489. Asterropteryx semipunctata (upper: KAUM–I.
11258, 37.3 mm SL; lower: KPM–NI 22525, 21.3 mm
SL).

Fig. 488. Amblygobius sp. (off Isso, 4 m, 20 Oct. 2007, S.
Harazaki).

Asterropteryx semipunctata Rüppell, 1830
[Jpn name: Hoshihaze] (Fig. 489)
BSKU 96576, 20.6 mm Sl, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11258, 37.3 mm SL, Yudomari;
204

Awaous ocellaris (Broussonet, 1782)[Jpn name: Minamihaze]
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shimaIsland.
Bathygobius coalitus (Bennett, 1832)[Jpn name: Kuroyahazuhaze] (Fig. 490)
KAUM–I. 11184, 25.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11329, 15.7 mm SL, Nagakubo;
KAUM–I. 11331, 15.1 mm SL, Nagakubo;Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

KAUM–I. 25052, 32.8 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77570, 40.0 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77572,
50.6 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77573, 61.7 mm
SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77574, 52.0 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 77575, 45.8 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
77576, 38.2 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77577, 34.6mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77578, 36.1 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 91578, 24.3 mm SL, Kurio.
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shimaIsland.
Remarks: Bathygobius padangensis (Bleeker,
1851) has recently regarded as a junior synonymof Bathygobius coalitus by Hoese and Larson(2006).

Fig. 490. Bathygobius coalitus (KAUM–I. 11331, 15.1 mm
SL).

Bathygobius cocosensis (Bleeker, 1854)[Jpn name: Sujikumohaze] (Fig. 491)
KAUM–I. 11118, 22.6 mm SL, Matsumine;
KAUM–I. 11179, 31.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11182, 21.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11378,
34.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11379, 31.1 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11380, 26.8 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11773, 24.9 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 20537, 31.7 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 21697, 27.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23545, 22.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 23546, 27.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23547,
30.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23548, 26.3 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 25053, 29.6 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 25054, 26.7 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
17845, 43.7 mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 17858,
4 specimens, 27.8–31.5 mm SL, Kusugawa;
NSMT–P 77571, 35.5 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
77719, 30.4 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77720,
36.7mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77721, 27.4 mm
SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77722, 30.1 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 77723, 26.2 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
77724, 29.4 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77918,

33.2 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77919, 36.9 mm
SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77920, 33.2 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 77921, 25.5 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
77922, 19.8 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77923, 19.7mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77924, 14.7 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 77925, 24.2 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 491. Bathygobius cocosensis (KAUM–I. 11118, 22.6mm SL).

Bathygobius cotticeps (Steindachner, 1879)[Jpn name: Kusabihaze] (Fig. 492)
KAUM–I. 11114, 15.4 mm SL, Matsumine; KPM–NI 22931, 63.0 mm SL, Isso; MUFS
25619, 30.4 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 492. Bathygobius cotticeps (upper: KAUM–I. 11114,
15.4 mm SL; lower: KPM–NI 22931, 63.0 mm SL).

Bathygobius cyclopterus (Valenciennes, 1837)[Jpn name: Yahazuhaze] (Fig. 493)
KAUM–I. 11183, 21.5 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11517, 30.4 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
21803, 21.3 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 24907, 8.6mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 24908, 13.2 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 17838, 34.1 mm SK, Kusugawa;
NSMT–P 77926, 51.6 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P
205

H. Motomura et al.

91623, 30 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91623, 28.7mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91624, 28.2 mm SL,
Kurio.
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shimaIsland.

Fig. 493. Bathygobius cyclopterus (KAUM–I. 11517, 30.4mm SL).

Bathygobius fuscus (Rüppell, 1830)[Jpn name: Kumohaze] (Fig. 494)
KAUM–I. 11185, 54.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11521, 47.0 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
21854, 61.5 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77778, 35.6mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91626, 25.3 mm SL,
Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
MOSC (2002): Isso, Ambo and Kurio.

Fig. 494. Bathygobius fuscus (KAUM–I. 11521, 47.0 mm
SL).

Bathygobius hongkongensis (Fowler, 1931)[Jpn name: Kurohoshiyahazuhaze]
Akihito et al. (2002): Yaku-shima Island. Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shima Island.
Bryaninops natans Larson, 1985
[Jpn name: Akamehaze] (Fig. 495)
Bryaninops yongei (Davis and Cohen, 1969)[Jpn name: Garasuhaze]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
206

Fig. 495. Bryaninops natans (off Isso, 12 m, 16 Sept. 2006,
S. Harazaki).

Cabillus tongarevae (Fowler, 1927)[Jpn name: Yorimehaze] (Fig. 496)
KPM–NI 24793, 21.3 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 496. Cabillus tongarevae (KPM–NI 24793, 21.3 mm
SL).

Cabillus sp.
[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 497)
KAUM–I. 11180, 20.0 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21729, 20.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21756, 14.4 mm SL, Kurio.
Remarks: These specimens were identified as
Cabillus sp. 3 of Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).

Fig. 497. Cabillus sp. (KAUM–I. 11180, 20.0 mm SL).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Callogobius hasseltii (Bleeker, 1851)[Jpn name: Okinawahaze] (Fig. 498)
BSKU 96593, 15.0 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU
96596, 17.0 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20178,
19.4 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20179, 14.7mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20180, 19.8 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20181, 18.7 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20215, 17 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20216, 21 mm SL, Yudomari;
KPM–NI 22523, 21.4 mm SL, Yudomari.

Fig. 498. Callogobius hasseltii (KAUM–I. 20181, 18.7 mm
SL).

Callogobius okinawae (Snyder, 1908)[Jpn name: Namerahaze] (Fig. 499)
KAUM–I. 11178, 43.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11188, 48.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11215,
11.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11332, 10.7 mm
SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77726, 31.8 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77727, 25.6 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77728, 33.1 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77776,
43.7 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77777, 58.4 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 91625, 30.5 mm SL, Kurio.

KAUM–I. 11320, 50.0 mm SL, Nagakubo;
KAUM–I. 11326, 45.2 mm SL, Nagakubo;
KAUM–I. 11333, 42.1 mm SL, Nagakubo;
KAUM–I. 20368, 41.4 mm SL, mouth of Kurio
River; KAUM–I. 20369, 28.5 mm SL, mouthof Kurio River; KPM–NI 22564, 47.5 mm SL,
mouth of Kurio River; NSMT–P 91595, 48.6 mm
SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91596, 50.0 mm SL,
Nagakubo.

Fig. 500. Callogobius tanegasimae (upper: KAUM–I.
11333, 42.1 mm SL; lower: KPM–NI 22564, 47.5 mm
SL).

Callogobius sp. 1[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 501)
KPM–NI 22535, 13.8 mm SL, Yudomari.
Remarks: This individual is a close relative of
Callogobius maculipinnis (Fowler, 1918).

Fig. 501. Callogobius sp. 1 (KPM–NI 22535, 13.8 mm
SL).

Fig. 499. Callogobius okinawae (upper: KAUM–I. 11215,
11.2 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11178, 43.3 mm SL).

Callogobius tanegasimae (Snyder, 1908)[Jpn name: Tanehaze] (Fig. 500)
KAUM–I. 11318, 54.2 mm SL, Nagakubo;

Callogobius sp. 2[Jpn name: None]
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004, as Callogobius
sp. 1): Yaku-shima Island.
Callogobius sp. 3[Jpn name: None]
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004, as Callogobius
sp. 3): Yaku-shima Island.

207

H. Motomura et al.

Chaenogobius annularis Gill, 1859
[Jpn name: Agohaze] (Fig. 502)
KAUM–I. 11122, 42.2 mm SL, Matsumine.
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shimaIsland.

Fig. 504. Cryptocentrus albidorsus (BSKU 96642, 38.9mm SL).

Fig. 502. Chaenogobius annularis (KAUM–I. 11122, 42.2mm SL).
Fig. 505. Cryptocentrus caeruleomaculatus (KAUM–I.
20139, 40.7 mm SL).

Clariger exilis Snyder, 1911
[Jpn name: Shimofurisejirohaze] (Fig. 503)
KAUM–I. 11397, 19.3 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11536, 17.5 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
11701, 20.9 mm SL, Ambo.
Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [one specimen (23 mm TL) were reported, but not found at
NSMT]. Akihito et al. (2002): Yaku-shima Island.
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shima Island.

Cryptocentrus nigrocellatus (Yanagisawa, 1978)[Jpn name: Kurohoshihaze] (Fig. 506)
BSKU 96604, 67.1 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU
96659, 44.7 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I. 20377, 70.2
mm SL, Isso.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 503. Clariger exilis (KAUM–I. 11536, 17.5 mm SL).
Fig. 506. Cryptocentrus nigrocellatus (KAUM–I. 20377,
70.2 mm SL).

Cristatogobius lophius Herre, 1927
[Jpn name: Tosakahaze]
Yonezawa (2003a): a fishing port, Yaku-shimaIsland. Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yakushima Island.
Cryptocentrus albidorsus (Yanagisawa, 1978)[Jpn name: Shiroobihaze] (Fig. 504)
BSKU 96642, 38.9 mm SL, Isso.
Cryptocentrus caeruleomaculatus (Herre, 1933)[Jpn name: Takanohahaze] (Fig. 505)
BSKU 96546, 45.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20139, 40.7 mm SL, Yudomari.
208

Discordipinna griessingeri Hoese and Fourmanoir, 1978
[Jpn name: Homurahaze] (Fig. 507)
KPM–NI 22514, 18.0 mm SL, Yudomari.
Drombus sp.
[Jpn name: Kurokohaze] (Fig. 508)
BSKU 96631, 47.3 mm SL, mouth of Kurio
River; KAUM–I. 20302, 33.3 mm SL, mouthof Kurio River; KAUM–I. 20371, 34.9 mm SL,
mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 20372, 35.4 mm
SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 20373, 32.2mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 20374,
33.1 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 507. Discordipinna griessingeri (KPM–NI 22514,
18.0 mm SL).

I. 20375, 23.8 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River;
KAUM–I. 21601, 49.5 mm SL, mouth of Ambo
River; KPM–NI 22565, 34.3 mm SL, mouthof Kurio River; KPM–NI 22566, 35.2 mm SL,
mouth of Kurio River.
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shimaIsland.
Remarks: These individuals appear to be thespecies identified as Drombus sp. A of Suzuki and
Shibukawa (2004).

Kurio; KAUM–I. 11518, 17.4 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11519, 15.2 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
20353, 21 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20354,
20.9 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20355, 18.6mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20356, 19.7 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20357, 17.1 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20358, 19.4 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20359, 17.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20360, 15.6 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20361, 16 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–
I. 20362, 16.6 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I.
20363, 15.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20364,
15.3 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20365, 14.7mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20366, 14.4 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 25061, 27.3 mm SL,
Ambo; KAUM–I. 25062, 25.6 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 25063, 21.2 mm SL, Ambo; KPM–NI
22530, 18.6 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22531,
16.6 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22585, 12.6mm SL, Isso; NSMT–P 91593, 15 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 91614, 33 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91615, 22 specimens, 9–32 mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa (five specimens were reported, but not found at NSMT).
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 509. Eviota abax (KPM–NI 22530, 18.6 mm SL).

Fig. 508. Drombus sp. (upper: KAUM–I. 20302, 33.3 mm
SL; lower: KPM–NI 22565, 34.3 mm SL).

Eviota abax (Jordan and Snyder, 1901)[Jpn name: Isohaze] (Fig. 509)
BSKU 96586, 19.1 mm SL, Yudomari;
BSKU 96587, 14.9 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU
96589, 15.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I.
11175, 30.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11278,
27.4 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11372, 27.8mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11373, 17.0 mm SL,

Eviota distigma Jordan and Seale, 1906
[Jpn name: Kobitoisohaze] (Fig. 510)
BSKU 96890, 17.8 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU
96891, 17.6 mm Sl, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11276, 15.3mm SL, Yudomari.
Eviota epiphanes Jenkins, 1903
[Jpn name: Midorihaze]
Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [seven specimens (21–23 mm TL) were reported, but notfound at NSMT].
209

H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 510. Eviota distigma (KAUM–I. 11276, 15.3 mm SL).

Eviota japonica Jewett and Lachner, 1983
[Jpn name: Minamiisohaze] (Fig. 511)
KAUM–I. 11177, 18.8 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11214, 13.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
11700, 17.3 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 23536,
16.9 mm SL, Ambo; NSMT–P 91685, 30 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 91686, 10 specimens, 09–29 mm
SL, Kurio.

SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20267, 17.1 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21722, 17.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21723, 17.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21724,
13.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21725, 15.5 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21726, 23.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21727, 16.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21728, 14.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21834,
20.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21868, 10.9 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 23537, 15.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 23538, 19.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
23539, 17.2 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22532, 20.1mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22533, 15.5 mm SL,
Yudomari; NSMT–P 91383, 19.3 mm SL, Kurio;
NSMT–P 91384, 4 specimens, 11.0–17.3 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 91628, 3 specimens, 15.1–18.2mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91687, 58 specimens,
10.2–21.6 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 512. Eviota prasina (KPM–NI 22532, 20.1 mm SL).
Fig. 511. Eviota japonica (KAUM–I. 11177, 18.8 mm SL).

Eviota melasma Lachner and Karnella, 1980
[Jpn name: Akahoshiisohaze]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Eviota pellucida Larson, 1976
[Jpn name: Shiroobiisohaze]
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shimaIsland.
Eviota prasina (Klunzinger, 1871)[Jpn name: Nan-youmidorihaze] (Fig. 512)BSKU 96585, 18.5 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU
96590, 14.6 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11176,
22.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11374, 18.4 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11375, 15.2 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11392, 15.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11395, 15.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11415,
17.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11416, 10.9 mm
210

Eviota sebreei Jordan and Seale, 1906
[Jpn name: Kurosujiisohaze] (Fig. 513)
KPM–NI 22534, 14.5 mm SL, Yudomari.

Fig. 513. Eviota sebreei (KPM–NI 22534, 14.5 mm SL).

Eviota sp.
[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 514)
BSKU 96579, 28.1 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20175, 15.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–
NI 22538, 18.7 mm SL, Yudomari.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Remarks: T. Suzuki of Amagasaki SeniorHigh School has prepared the manuscript for thisspecies as the first Japanese records, based on
specimens from Iriomote-jima, Amami-oshima
and Yaku-shima Islands.

Favonigobius reichei (Bleeker, 1853)[Jpn name: Minamihimehaze]
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shimaIsland.
Feia sp.
[Jpn name: None]
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shimaIsland.
Flabelligobius sp. 1[Jpn name: Hotatetsunohaze] (Fig. 516)
Remarks: Same species with Flabelligobius
sp. A of Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).

Fig. 514. Eviota sp. (upper: KAUM–I. 20175, 15.7 mm
SL; lower: KPM–NI 22538, 18.7 mm SL).

Exyrias puntang (Bleeker, 1851)[Jpn name: Inkohaze] (Fig. 515)
BSKU 96625, 41.2 mm SL, mouth of Kurio
River; BSKU 96876, 48.5 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU
96877, 26.5 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 96878, 85.7mm SL, Kurio; BSKU 96879, 19.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20299, 33 mm SL, mouth of Kurio
River; KAUM–I. 20300, 34.5 mm SL, mouthof Kurio River; KAUM–I. 20301, 32.2 mm SL,
mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 20317, 41.7 mm
SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 20367, 36.9mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; KAUM–I. 21604,
67.2 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–
I. 21605, 68.8 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River;
KAUM–I. 21606, 89.6 mm SL, mouth of Ambo
River; KPM–NI 22563, 84.0 mm SL, mouth of
Kurio River.

Fig. 516. Flabelligobius sp. 1 (off Isso, 20 m, 14 July 2006,
S. Harazaki).

Flabelligobius sp. 2[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 517)
Remarks: Probably same species with Flabelligobius sp. 4 of Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).

Fig. 517. Flabelligobius sp. 2 (off Isso, 35 m, 15 Sept.
2007, S. Harazaki).
Fig. 515. Exyrias puntang (KAUM–I. 20301, 32.2 mm
SL).

211

H. Motomura et al.

Fusigobius duospilus Hoese and Reader, 1985
[Jpn name: Sehoshisankakuhaze] (Fig. 518)
KAUM–I. 20278, 24.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 20279, 30 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI
22550, 35.5 mm SL, Kurio.
Fig. 520. Fusigobius inframaculatus (KPM–NI 22549,
48.1 mm SL).

Fusigobius gracilis (Randall, 2001)[Jpn name: Sesujisankakuhaze]
Kuniyasu (1999, as Fusigobius sp.): Kurio.

Fusigobius neophytus (Günther, 1877)[Jpn name: Sankakuhaze] (Fig. 521)
BSKU 96544, 40.7 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU
96597, 22.9 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20140,
45.2 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20252, 47.7mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22512, 38.1 mm SL,
Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shima Island.

Fusigobius humeralis (Randall, 2001)[Jpn name: Kataboshisankakuhaze] (Fig. 519)
BSKU 96561, 24.5 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20176, 14.8 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20177, 21.7 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20277, 23.3 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI
22524, 21.0 mm SL, Yudomari.

Fig. 521. Fusigobius neophytus (KAUM–I. 20252, 47.7mm SL).

Fig. 518. Fusigobius duospilus (KPM–NI 22550, 35.5 mm
SL).

Fig. 519. Fusigobius humeralis (KAUM–I. 20277, 23.3mm SL).

Fusigobius inframaculatus (Randall, 1994)[Jpn name: Hatatatesankakuhaze] (Fig. 520)
BSKU 96601, 47.6 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
20253, 42.7 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22549, 48.1mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Fusigobius longispinus): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shima Island.
212

Glossogobius biocellatus (Valenciennes)[Jpn name: Hitomihaze] (Fig. 522)
BSKU 96626, 43.9 mm SL, mouth of Kurio
River; KAUM–I. 11508, 34.9 mm SL, mouth of
Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 21590, 53.5 mm SL,
mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 21591, 65.4mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 21592,
68.8 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KPM–NI
22567, 37.5 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River.
Remarks: This species has often been treatedas a member of Psammogobius (P. biocellatus).
Glossogobius circumspectus (Macleay, 1883)[Jpn name: Sudareurohaze] (Fig. 523)
BSKU 96628, 44.4 mm SL, mouth of Kurio
River; BSKU 96880, 19.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 20297, 40.6 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 522. Glossogobius biocellatus (KAUM–I. 11508, 34.9mm SL).

Isso; KAUM–I. 20534, 55 mm SL, Yudomari;
KPM–NI 22552, 33.9 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI
22576, 30.5 mm SL, Isso.
Kuniyasu (1999, as Gnatholepis scapulostigma): Kurio.
Remarks: Gnatholepis scapulostigma Herre,
1953 was recently recognized as a junior synonymof Gnatholepis cauerensis cauerensis by Randall
and Greenfield (2001).

Fig. 523. Glossogobius circumspectus (KAUM–I. 20297,
40.6 mm SL).
Fig. 525. Gnatholepis cauerensis cauerensis (KAUM–I.
11305, 47.2 mm SL).

Gnatholepis anjerensis (Bleeker, 1851)[Jpn name: Omonhaze] (Fig. 524)
KAUM–I. 11181, 18.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 20169, 24 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–
I. 20170, 17.1 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I.
20171, 18.9 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 21691,
49.1 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22522, 25.5 mm
SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shima Island.

Gobiodon atrangulatus Garman, 1903
[Jpn name: Seakakobanhaze] (Fig. 526)
BSKU 96613, 19.6 mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [five specimens (20–30 mm TL) were reported, but notfound at NSMT]. Akihito et al. (2002): Yaku-shima Island. Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yakushima Island.

Fig. 524. Gnatholepis anjerensis (KPM–NI 22522, 25.5mm SL).
Fig. 526. Gobiodon atrangulatus (BSKU 96613, 19.6 mm
SL).

Gnatholepis cauerensis cauerensis (Bleeker, 1853)[Jpn name: Kataboshiomonhaze] (Fig. 525)
KAUM–I. 11305, 47.2 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11306, 47.1 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11595, 38.5 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I.
11601, 47.5 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20222,
25.6 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20305, 16.1mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20352, 27.6 mm SL,

Gobiodon oculolineatus Wu, 1979
[Jpn name: Kumadorikobanhaze] (Fig. 527)
BSKU 96575, 19.3 mm SL, Yudomari.

213

H. Motomura et al.

Grallenia arenicola Shibukawa and Iwata, 2007
[Jpn name: Sazarehaze] (Fig. 530)
KAUM–I. 21840, 16.2 mm SL, Isso.
Remarks: This specimen is tentatively identified as G. arenicola, but further examination isneeded.
Fig. 527. Gobiodon oculolineatus (BSKU 96575, 19.3 mm
SL).

Gobiodon quinquestrigatus (Valenciennes, 1837)[Jpn name: Futairosangohaze] (Fig. 528)
BSKU 96592, 16.3 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU
96595, 23.4 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20182,
24.8 mm SL, Yudomari.
Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa (eight specimens were reported, but not found at NSMT). Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 530. Grallenia arenicola (KAUM–I. 21840, 16.2 mm
SL).

Gymnogobius petschiliensis (Rendahl, 1924)[Jpn name: Sumiukigori] (Fig. 531)
NSMT–P 29120, 12 specimens, 42.5–65.7mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; NSMT–P 29368, 53.2mm SL, Yaku-shima Island.
Akihito et al. (2002, as Gymnogobius sp. 1):
Yaku-shima Island. Yonezawa (2003c): Yaku-shima Island. Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yakushima Island.

Fig. 528. Gobiodon quinquestrigatus (BSKU 96595, 23.4mm SL).

Gobiodon sp.
[Jpn name: Akatenkobanhaze]
Arai and Ida (1975, as Gobiodon rivulatus rivulatus): Kusugawa (two specimens were reported,
but not found at NSMT).
Gobiopsis arenaria (Snyder, 1908)[Jpn name: Isagohaze] (Fig. 529)
KAUM–I. 11516, 23.6 mm SL, Ambo.

Fig. 529. Gobiopsis arenaria (KAUM–I. 11516, 23.6 mm
SL).

214

Fig. 531. Gymnogobius petschiliensis (NSMT–P 29120,
42.5 mm SL, preserved specimen).

Gymnogobius urotaenia (Hilgendorf 1879)[Jpn name: Ukigori]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Chaenogobius urotaenia): Yaku-shima Island. Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shima Island.
Istigobius decoratus (Herre, 1927)[Jpn name: Hoshikazarihaze] (Fig. 532)
BSKU 96560, 29.1 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU
96636, 64.5 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.11592, 71.5mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11593, 58.9 mm SL,
Ambo; KAUM–I. 11594, 34.3 mm SL, Ambo;

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

KAUM–I. 20138, 59.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20221, 32.8 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–
NI 22553, 24.0 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island. Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 532. Istigobius decoratus (KAUM–I.11592, 71.5 mm
SL).
Fig. 534. Lotilia graciliosa (off Isso, 18 m, 25 June 2006, S.
Harazaki).

Istigobius ornatus (Rüppell, 1830)[Jpn name: Kazarihaze] (Fig. 533)
NSMT–P 77569, 62.8 mm SL, Kurio.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 533. Istigobius ornatus (NSMT–P 77569, 62.8 mm
SL).

Istigobius rigilius (Herre, 1953)[Jpn name: Madarakazarihaze]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Lotilia graciliosa Klausewitz 1960
[Jpn name: Odorihaze] (Fig. 534)
Luciogobius guttatus Gill, 1859
[Jpn name: Mimizuhaze]
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shimaIsland.
Luciogobius platycephalus Shiogaki and Dotsu, 1976
[Jpn name: Yarimimizuhaze] (Fig. 535)
KAUM–I. 11563, 34.2 mm SL, Ambo.

Fig. 535. Luciogobius platycephalus (KAUM–I. 11563,
34.2 mm SL).

Luciogobius sp.
[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 536)
NSMT–P 29062, 2 specimens, 42.7–50.5 mm
SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 29101, 56.4 mm SL,
Isso; NSMT–P 29369, 42.1 mm SL, Kusugawa.
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004, as Luciogobius
sp. 2): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 536. Luciogobius sp. (NSMT–P 29369, 42.1 mm SL,
preserved specimen).

Oxyurichthys cornutus McCulloch and Waite, 1918
[Jpn name: Kamahirematsugehaze] (Fig. 537)
KPM–NI 22569, 32.2 mm SL, mouth of Kurio
River.

215

H. Motomura et al.

Paragobiodon echinocephalus (Rüppell, 1830)[Jpn name: Darumahaze] (Fig. 539)
BSKU 96565, 24.3 mm SL, Yudomari.

Fig. 537. Oxyurichthys cornutus (KPM–NI 22569, 32.2mm SL).
Fig. 539. Paragobiodon echinocephalus (BSKU 96565,
24.3 mm SL).

Pandaka sp.
[Jpn name: Gomahaze] (Fig. 538)
KAUM–I. 11213, 16.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11506, 16.7 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11774, 17.8 mm SL,
mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11775,
13.2 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–
I. 11776, 16.5 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura
River; KAUM–I. 11777, 14.5 mm SL, mouth of
Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11778, 15.9 mm SL,
mouth of Miyanoura River; NSMT–P 29477, 4
specimens, 14.2–16.4 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; NSMT–P 67099, 9 specimens, 9.4–12.2mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; NSMT–P 67101,
36 specimens, 10.9–13.3 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Pandaka lidwilli):
Yaku-shima Island. Yonezawa (2003c, as Pandakalidwilli): Yaku-shima Island. Mukai et al. (2004):
4 specimens, Yaku-shima Island (used for molecular analysis). Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004):
Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: These individuals appear to be thespecies identified as Pandaka sp. A of Suzuki and
Shibukawa (2004).

Fig. 538. Pandaka sp. (KAUM–I. 11506, 16.7 mm SL).

Paragobiodon lacunicolus (Kendall and Goldsborough, 1911)[Jpn name: Pandadarumahaze] (Fig. 540)
BSKU 96591, 11.1 mm SL, Yudomari.

Fig. 540. Paragobiodon lacunicolus (upper: BSKU 96591,
11.1 mm SL; lower: off Isso, 6 m, 23 June 2006, S.
Harazaki).

Paragobiodon modestus (Regan, 1908)[Jpn name: Yogoredarumahaze] (Fig. 541)
BSKU 96581, 12.0 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20172, 10.9 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20184, 11.1 mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–
NI 22527, 11.1 mm SL, Yudomari.
Paragobiodon xanthosoma (Bleeker, 1852)[Jpn name: Akanedarumahaze] (Fig. 542)216

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 541. Paragobiodon modestus (BSKU 96581, 12.0 mm
SL).

Fig. 544. Pleurosicya micheli (KAUM–I. 21782, 19.8 mm
SL).

Fig. 545. Pleurosicya mossambica (BSKU 96607, 20.5 mm
SL).

Fig. 542. Paragobiodon xanthosoma (off Isso, 10 m, 4
Sept. 2006, S. Harazaki).

Periophthalmus argentilineatus Valenciennes, 1837
[Jpn name: Minamitobihaze] (Fig. 543)
KAUM–I. 20308, 36.1 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River.
Yonezawa (2003c): Yaku-shima Island. Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 543. Periophthalmus argentilineatus (KAUM–I.
20308, 36.1 mm SL).

Priolepis cincta (Regan, 1908)[Jpn name: Benkeihaze] (Fig. 546)
BSKU 96669, 40.6 mm SL, Kurio; BSKU
96670, 40.1 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM 34682, 36.9mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11187, 40.5 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 11371, 49.9 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11437, 29.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
20287, 40.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20294,
21.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20539, 35.8mm SL, Yudomari; KPM–NI 22556, 19.6 mm SL,
Kurio; MUFS 25602, 43.7 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25603, 48.9 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25604, 53.3mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91616, 29 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91675, 6 specimens, 31–49 mm SL,
Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Quisquilius eugenius,
Benkeihaze): NSMT–P 58110, 34.0 mm SL,
Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58114, 45.9 mm SL, Kusugawa.

Pleurosicya micheli Fourmanoir, 1971
[Jpn name: Akasujiumitakehaze] (Fig. 544)
KAUM–I. 21782, 19.8 mm SL, Kurio.
Pleurosicya mossambica Smith, 1959
[Jpn name: Seboshiumitakehaze] (Fig. 545)
BSKU 96584, 13.1 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU
96607, 20.5 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20168,
13.6 mm SL, Yudomari.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 546. Priolepis cincta (KAUM–I. 20287, 40.2 mm SL).

217

H. Motomura et al.

Priolepis fallacincta Winterbottom and Burridge, 1993
[Jpn name: Kobenkeihaze] (Fig. 547)
KPM–NI 22504, 12.2 mm SL, Yudomari.

Fig. 547. Priolepis fallacincta (KPM–NI 22504, 12.2 mm
SL).

mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20224, 21.2 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20225, 17.1 mm SL,
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20291, 13.3 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20292, 14.3 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20293, 10.3 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 21696, 25.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21866, 16.1 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22521, 19.4mm SL, Yudomari; MUFS 25620, 17.1 mm SL,
Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [three specimens (24–39 mm TL) were reported, but notfound at NSMT]. Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004):
Yaku-shima Island.

Priolepis inhaca (Smith, 1949)[Jpn name: Amimebenkeihaze] (Fig. 548)
KAUM–I. 20295, 10.7 mm SL, Yudomari;
KPM–NI 22537, 18.3 mm SL, Yudomari.

Fig. 550. Priolepis semidoliata (BSKU 96559, 21.2 mm
SL).

Fig. 548. Priolepis inhaca (KPM–NI 22537, 18.3 mm SL).

Priolepis nocturna (Smith, 1957)[Jpn name: Izayoibenkeihaze] (Fig. 549)

Fig. 549. Priolepis nocturna (off Isso, 20 m, 8 Nov. 2008, S.
Harazaki).

Priolepis semidoliata (Valenciennes, 1837)[Jpn name: Irezumihaze] (Fig. 550)
BSKU 96559, 21.2 mm SL, Yudomari; BSKU
96569, 15.8 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20167,
20.2 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20223, 18.8
218

Redigobius bikolanus (Herre, 1927)[Jpn name: Hinahaze] (Fig. 551)
KAUM–I. 11507, 20.0 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11549, 29.7 mm SL,
Ambo; KAUM–I. 11564, 30.9 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 17850, 15.2 mm SL, mouth of Isso
River; KAUM–I. 20326, 14.3 mm SL, mouthof Kurio River; KAUM–I. 21607, 27.6 mm SL,
mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 21608, 25.8 mm
SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 21609, 25.4mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 21610,
25.5 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–
I. 21611, 23.4 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River;
KAUM–I. 21612, 12.3 mm SL, mouth of Ambo
River; KPM–NI 22570, 16.3 mm SL, mouth of
Kurio River.
Rhinogobius giurinus (Rutter, 1897)[Jpn name: Gokurakuhaze] (Fig. 552)
KAUM–I. 11714, 45.3 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11716, 35.7 mm SL,
mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 15463,

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 551. Redigobius bikolanus (KAUM–I. 11507, 20.0mm SL).

59.3 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I.
15471, 27.5 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–
I. 21595, 58.0 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River;
NSMT–P 77780, 50.8 mm SL, mouth of Ambo
River; NSMT–P 77781, 78.5 mm SL, mouth ofAmbo River; NSMT–P 77782, 68.4 mm SL,
mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77783, 54.5 mm
SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77784, 62.3mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77785,
59.0 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P
77786, 58.3 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77787, 58.5 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77788, 56.4 mm SL, mouth of Ambo
River; NSMT–P 77789, 54.6 mm SL, mouth ofAmbo River; NSMT–P 77790, 66.2 mm SL,
mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77791, 54.7 mm
SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77792, 53.5mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77793,
50.8 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P
77794, 80.8 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77795, 71.6 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River;
NSMT–P 77796, 60.9 mm SL, mouth of Kurio
River; NSMT–P 77797, 67.3 mm SL, mouthof Kurio River; NSMT–P 77798, 62.2 mm SL,
mouth of Kurio River; NSMT–P 77799, 56.6 mm
SL, mouth of Kurio River; NSMT–P 77800, 57.9mm SL, mouth of Kurio River; NSMT–P 77801,
46.3 mm SL, mouth of Kurio River;.
Jordan and Starks (1906, as Rhinogobius hadropterus): numerous specimens, but their whereabouts unknown, mouth of Miyanoura River.

Rhinogobius sp. DA[Jpn name: Kuroyoshinobori] (Fig. 553)
KAUM–I. 11120, 25.5 mm SL, Matsumine;
KAUM–I. 11121, 30.6 mm SL, Matsumine;
KAUM–I. 11543, 43.9 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 11544, 40.2 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11545,
41.5 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11546, 44.3 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11547, 33.7 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11548, 60.0 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–
I. 11566, 50.4 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11567,
56.1 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11568, 39.3 mm
SL, Ambo; MUFS 25439, 28.3 mm SL, Matsumine.

Fig. 553. Rhinogobius sp. DA (KAUM–I. 11543, 43.9 mm
SL).

Stiphodon percnopterygionus Watson and Chen, 1998
[Jpn name: Nan-youbouzuhaze] (Fig. 554)
KAUM–I. 11542, 24.2 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11565, 49.0 mm SL, Ambo.

Fig. 554. Stiphodon percnopterygionus (KAUM–I. 11542,
24.2 mm SL).

Stonogobiops nematodes Hoese and Randall, 1982
[Jpn name: Hirenaganejirimbo] (Fig. 555)
Sueviota sp.
[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 556)
KPM–NI 22560, 15.0 mm SL, Kurio.
Remarks: This specimen was identified as
Sueviota sp. 1 of Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).

Fig. 552. Rhinogobius giurinus (NSMT–P 77799, 56.6 mm
SL).

219

H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 557. Tridentiger kuroiwae (KAUM–I. 21596, 81.4 mm
SL, preserved specimen).
Fig. 555. Stonogobiops nematodes (off Isso, 30 m, 25 Aug.
2006, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 556. Sueviota sp. (KPM–NI 22560, 15.0 mm SL).

Fig. 558. Trimma anaima (off Isso, 30 m, 29 Apr. 2009, S.
Harazaki).

Tridentiger kuroiwae Jordan and Tanaka, 1927
[Jpn name: Naganogori] (Fig. 557)
KAUM–I. 11694, 70.0 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11706, 44.2 mm SL,
mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11707,
40.9 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–
I. 11708, 54.4 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura
River; KAUM–I. 11709, 57.4 mm SL, mouth of
Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11710, 40.9 mm SL,
mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11711,
70.1 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–
I. 11712, 38.7 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura
River; KAUM–I. 11713, 29.8 mm SL, mouth of
Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 21596, 81.4 mm SL,
mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 21602, 48.4mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 23528,
79.9 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I.
23529, 66.3 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River.
Yonezawa (2003c): Yaku-shima Island. Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004): Yaku-shima Island.

Trimma annosum Winterbottom, 2003
[Jpn name: Pegasusubenihaze] (Fig. 559)
BSKU 96583, 16.1 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20306, 16.3 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–NI
22520, 21.5 mm SL, Yudomari.
Remarks: Suzuki et al. (2008) reported T. annosum from Iriomote-jima and Hachijo-jima Islands as the first Japanese records for the species.

Trimma anaima Winterbottom, 2000
[Jpn name: Himeniramibenihaze] (Fig. 558)

220

Fig. 559. Trimma annosum (KPM–NI 22520, 21.5 mm
SL).

Trimma caesiura Jordan and Seale, 1906
[Jpn name: Benihaze] (Fig. 560)
KAUM–I. 11436, 26.9 mm SL, Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Trimma stobbsi Winterbottom, 2001
[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 563)

Fig. 560. Trimma caesiura (KAUM–I. 11436, 26.9 mm
SL).

Trimma macrophthalma (Tomiyama, 1936)[Jpn name: Omehaze]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Trimma naudei Smith, 1957
[Jpn name: Chigobenihaze] (Fig. 561)
BSKU 96614, 12.7 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 563. Trimma stobbsi (off Isso, 25 m, 3 Dec. 2007, S.
Harazaki).

Trimma tevegae Cohen and Davis, 1969
[Jpn name: Aogihaze] (Fig. 564)
BSKU 96612, 28.3 mm SL, Kurio.
Remarks: T. caudomaculata Yoshino andAraga, 1975 is a junior synonym of T. tevegae.
Fig. 561. Trimma naudei (BSKU 96614, 12.7 mm SL).

Trimma okinawae (Aoyagi, 1949)[Jpn name: Okinawabenihaze] (Fig. 562)
KAUM–I. 20040, 22.9 mm SL, Yudomari.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 562. Trimma okinawae (KAUM–I. 20040, 22.9 mm
SL).

Fig. 564. Trimma tevegae (BSKU 96612, 28.3 mm SL).

Trimma sp. 1[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 565)
BSKU 96608, 18.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 20307, 12.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20314,
10.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20315, 9.4 mm
SL, Kurio; KPM–NI 22559, 20.1 mm SL, Kurio.
Remarks: These individuals appear to be thespecies identified as Trimma sp. 2 of Suzuki and
Shibukawa (2004). D. Hoese at the AustralianMuseum, Sydney, has prepared a manuscript forthis undescribed species.
221H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 567. Trimmatom sp. 2 (upper: KPM–NI 22562, 10.7mm SL; lower: KPM–NI 22561, 12.9 mm SL).

Fig. 565. Trimma sp. 1 (upper: KPM–NI 22559, 20.1 mm
SL; lower: off Isso, 10 m, 19 Jan. 2010, S. Harazaki).

Trimmatom sp. 1[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 566)
BSKU 96639, 15.1 mm SL, Isso; BSKU
96656, 19.8 mm SL, Isso; BSKU 96660, 9.8 mm
SL, Isso; BSKU 96661, 13.6 mm SL, Isso.
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004, as Trimmatom
sp. A): Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: These individuals appear to be thespecies identified as Trimmatom sp. A of Suzuki
and Shibukawa (2004).

Valenciennea longipinnis (Lay and Bennett, 1839)[Jpn name: Sazanamihaze] (Fig. 568)
KAUM–I. 11596, 132.1 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 21755, 19.7 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 568. Valenciennea longipinnis (KAUM–I. 11596,
132.1 mm SL).

Valenciennea sexguttata (Valenciennes, 1837)[Jpn name: Mizutamahaze]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 566. Trimmatom sp. 1 (BSKU 96639, 15.1 mm SL).

Trimmatom sp. 2[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 567)
KPM–NI 22561, 12.9 mm SL, Kurio; KPM–
NI 22562, 10.7 mm SL, Kurio.
Remarks: T. Suzuki of Amagasaki SeniorHigh School is studying this species on the basisof specimens from Iriomote-jima and Yaku-shimaIslands.
222

Valenciennea strigata (Broussonet, 1782)[Jpn name: Akahachihaze]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Suzuki and Shibukawa(2004): Yaku-shima Island.
Vanderhorstia sp.
[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 569)
Remarks: The photographed individuals appears to be the same species with Randall (2007)’s
Vanderhorstia sp. (fig. 1, BPBM 36706, 33 mm
SL, Bali, Indonesia).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 569. Vanderhorstia sp. (off Isso, 12 m, 2 Oct. 2007, S.
Harazaki).

FAMILY MICRODESMIDAE
Navigobius dewa Hoses and Motomura, 2009
[Jpn name: None] (Fig. 570)
Remarks: This species was described on thebasis of three specimens from Kagoshima Bay,
Kyushu, Japan, and also reported from Amamioshima Island (underwater observation). Figure
570 represents the first record of the species from
Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 570. Navigobius dewa (off Nagata, 45 m, 19 Nov.
2009, S. Harazaki).

Nemateleotris decora Randall and Allen, 1973
[Jpn name: Akebonohaze] (Fig. 571)
Nemateleotris magnifica Fowler, 1938
[Jpn name: Hatatatehaze]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. Suzuki and Shibukawa(2004): Yaku-shima Island.
Parioglossus dotui Tomiyama, 1958
[Jpn name: Satsukihaze] (Fig. 572)
KAUM–I. 11515, 29.4 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 11717, 25.0 mm SL, MB; KAUM–I.
11718, 24.5 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River;

Fig. 571. Nemateleotris decora (off Nagata, 35 m, 16 May
2008, S. Harazaki).

KAUM–I. 11719, 24.5 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11720, 23.0 mm SL,
mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11721,
23.8 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–
I. 11722, 23.7 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura
River; KAUM–I. 11723, 25.3 mm SL, mouthof Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11724, 17.9mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I.
11725, 23.5 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River;
KAUM–I. 11726, 20.7 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11727, 22.4 mm SL,
mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 11767,
30.5 mm SL, Nagakubo; KAUM–I. 21613, 22.5mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I. 21614,
19.5 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; KAUM–I.
21615, 23.7 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 572. Parioglossus dotui (KAUM–I. 11515, 29.4 mm
SL).

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Ptereleotris evides (Jordan and Hubbs, 1925)[Jpn name: Kuroyurihaze]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Ptereleotris grammica grammica Randall and Lubbock, 1982
[Jpn name: Sujikuroyurihaze] (Fig. 573)

Fig. 573. Ptereleotris grammica grammica (off Nagata, 45
m, 19 Nov. 2009, S. Harazaki).

Ptereleotris hanae (Jordan and Snyder, 1901)[Jpn name: Hanahaze]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Ptereleotris heteroptera (Bleeker, 1855)[Jpn name: Ogurokuroyurihaze] (Fig. 574)
BSKU 96615, 35.0 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 575. Platax orbicularis (KAUM–I. 11360, 54.3 mm
SL).

Fig. 574. Ptereleotris heteroptera (BSKU 96615, 35.0 mm
SL).

FAMILY EPHIPPIDAE
Platax orbicularis (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Nan-yotsubameuo] (Fig. 575)
KAUM–I. 11360, 54.3 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
MOSC (2002): Isso and Kurio.
Platax teira (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Tsubameuo] (Fig. 576)
NSMT–P 77658, 216.0 mm SL, Miyanoura.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
224

Fig. 576. Platax teira (NSMT–P 77658, 216.0 mm SL).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

FAMILY SCATOPHAGIDAE
Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766)[Jpn name: Kurohoshimanjyudai] (Fig. 577)
KAUM–I. 21734, 20.2 mm SL, Kurio.

Siganus spinus (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Amiaigo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Siganus vermiculatus (Valenciennes, 1835)[Jpn name: Mushikuiaigo]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Siganus woodlandi Randall and Kulbicki, 2005
[Jpn name: Sedakahanaaigo] (Fig. 579)
NSMT–P 91950, 321.0 mm SL, Kurio.
Kuniyasu (1999, as Siganus sp.): Kurio.

Fig. 577. Scatophagus argus (KAUM–I. 21734, 20.2 mm
SL).

FAMILY SIGANIDAE
Siganus argenteus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825)[Jpn name: Hanaaigo] (Fig. 578)
NSMT–P 77638, 268.0 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 578. Siganus argenteus (NSMT–P 77638, 268.0 mm
SL).

Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn, 1782)[Jpn name: Aigo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Remarks: Ichikawa et al. (1992) mentioned
their Siganus fuscescens might be Siganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797).

Fig. 579. Siganus woodlandi (NSMT–P 91950, 321.0 mm
SL).

FAMILY ZANCLIDAE
Zanclus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Tsunodashi] (Fig. 580)
FRLM 34711, 67.1 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11198, 106.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 20097, 74.4 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I.
20098, 77.9 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20099,
70.3 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20100, 71.2mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 20101, 79.3 mm
SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 77579, 111 mm SL, Nagata; NSMT–P 91353, 2 specimens, 59–60 mm
SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso andKurio.
FAMILY ACANTHURIDAE
Acanthurus bariene Lesson, 1831
[Jpn name: Kanranhagi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

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H. Motomura et al.

Fig. 581. Acanthurus dussumieri (KAUM–I. 21777, 54.2mm SL).

Fig. 580. Zanclus cornutus (KAUM–I. 11198, 106.4 mm
SL).

Acanthurus blochii Valenciennes, 1835
[Jpn name: Osujikurohagi]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Acanthurus dussumieri Valenciennes, 1835
[Jpn name: Nisekanranhagi] (Fig. 581)
FRLM 34712, 160.5 mm SL, WP; FRLM
34719, 257.0 mm SL, WP; KAUM–I. 11270,
79.8 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11588, 87.2mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 21777, 54.2 mm SL,
Kurio; NSMT–P 77661, 224 mm SL, Miyanoura;
NSMT–P 91588, 37 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P
91589, 3 specimens, 84–98 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Acanthurus leucopareius (Jenkins, 1903)[Jpn name: Sujikurohagi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Nijihagi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
226

Acanthurus maculiceps (Ahl, 1923)[Jpn name: Irezuminiza]
Arai and Ida (1975): Kusugawa [one specimen (90 mm TL) was reported, but not found at
NSMT]. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Acanthurus mata Cuvier, 1829
[Jpn name: Hiraniza]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Acanthurus bleekeri): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Acanthurus nigricans (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Meganekurohagi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Acanthurus glaucopareius): Yaku-shima Island.
Acanthurus nigricauda Duncker and Mohr, 1929
[Jpn name: Kuromontsuki]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Acanthurus nigrofuscus (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Naganiza] (Fig. 582)
KAUM–I. 11280, 66.7 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11348, 69.1 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25571, 69.3 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Acanthurus olivaceus Bloch and Schneider, 1801
[Jpn name: Montsukihagi] (Fig. 583)
NSMT–P 77643, 263.0 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso,
Ambo and Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 582. Acanthurus nigrofuscus (KAUM–I. 11280, 66.7mm SL).

Fig. 584. Acanthurus triostegus (KAUM–I. 11268, 56.4mm SL).

Ctenochaetus binotatus Randall, 1955
[Jpn name: Kokutensazanamihagi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Fig. 583. Acanthurus olivaceus (NSMT–P 77643, 263.0mm SL).

Acanthurus pyroferus Kittlitz, 1834
[Jpn name: Kuroguchiniza]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Shimahagi] (Fig. 584)
FRLM 34676, 46.0 mm SL, Kurio; FRLM
34681, 29.2 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11170,
44.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11268, 56.4 mm
SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 11611, 57.4 mm SL,
Ambo; KAUM–I. 21877, 39.3 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21878, 45.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
21879, 46.2 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91587, 43
mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91656, 2 specimens,
27–58 mm SL, Kurio.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 58115, 46.1mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yakushima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes, 1835
[Jpn name: Kurohagi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Ctenochaetus striatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825)[Jpn name: Sazanamihagi] (Fig. 585)
KAUM–I. 11281, 57.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11350, 59.8 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS
25611, 55.3 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 585. Ctenochaetus striatus (KAUM–I. 11281, 57.4mm SL).

Naso annulatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825)[Jpn name: Himetenguhagi]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

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H. Motomura et al.

Naso brachycentron (Valenciennes, 1835)[Jpn name: Onitenguhagi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Naso brevirostris (Cuvier, 1829)[Jpn name: Tsumaritenguhagi]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Naso hexacanthus (Bleeker, 1855)[Jpn name: Tenguhagimodoki]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Naso lituratus (Forster, 1801)[Jpn name: Miyakotenguhagi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Naso lopezi Herre, 1927
[Jpn name: Nagatenguhagimodoki]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Naso maculatus Randall and Struhsaker, 1981
[Jpn name: Gomatenguhagimodoki]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 586. Naso unicornis (upper: NSMT–P 77581, 330.0
mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 11598, 398.2 mm SL).

I. 21882, 45.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21883,
44.5 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77635, 382.0 mm
SL, Miyanoura.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Prionurus microlepidotus): Kusugawa (four specimens were reported,
but not found at NSMT). Ichikawa et al. (1992):
Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Naso unicornis (Forsskål, 1775)[Jpn name: Tenguhagi] (Fig. 586)
KAUM–I. 11598, 398.2 mm SL, Ambo; NSMT–P 77581, 330.0 mm SL, Nagata.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Paracanthurus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1766)[Jpn name: Nan-youhagi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Prionurus scalprum Valenciennes, 1835
[Jpn name: Nizadai] (Fig. 587)
KAUM–I. 11167, 60.7 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 11263, 93.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 11349, 66.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
11610, 80.0 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20081,
116.7 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 21674, 57.5mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21675, 49.6 mm SL,
Kurio; KAUM–I. 21880, 66.6 mm SL, Kurio;
KAUM–I. 21881, 51.3 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
228

Fig. 587. Prionurus scalprum (upper: KAUM–I. 11167,
60.7 mm SL; lower: NSMT–P 77635, 382.0 mm SL).

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Zebrasoma scopas (Cuvier, 1829)[Jpn name: Gomahagi] (Fig. 588)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

FAMILY SPHYRAENIDAE
Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771)[Jpn name: Onikamasu] (Fig. 590)
KAUM–I. 11407, 21.1 mm SL, Kurio Beach;
KAUM–I. 11505, 47.6 mm SL, mouth of Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 25230, 260.5 mm SL,
mouth of Miyanoura River; KPM–NI 24272,
218.0 mm SL, mouth of Nagata River.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 588. Zebrasoma scopas (off Isso, 6 m, 17 Jan. 2010, S.
Harazaki).

Fig. 590. Sphyraena barracuda (upper: KAUM–I. 11505,
47.6 mm SL; lower: KAUM–I. 25230, 260.5 mm SL).

Zebrasoma veliferum (Bloch, 1795)[Jpn name: Hirenagahagi] (Fig. 589)
NSMT–P 77640, 280.0 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Sphyraena flavicauda Rüppell, 1838
[Jpn name: Taiwankamasu] (Fig. 591)
KPM–NI 24955, 283.0 mm SL, mouth ofAmbo River; NSMT–P 77645, 277 mm SL,
mouth of Kurio River; NSMT–P 77646, 278 mm
SL, mouth of Kurio River; NSMT–P 77647, 313
mm SL, mouth of Kurio River.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 591. Sphyraena flavicauda (KPM–NI 24955, 283.0mm SL).

Fig. 589. Zebrasoma veliferum (NSMT–P 77640, 280.0mm SL).

Sphyraena pinguis Günther, 1874
[Jpn name: Akakamasu]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Sphyraena obtusata):
Yaku-shima Island.

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SCOMBRIDAE
Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832)[Jpn name: Kamasusawara]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Auxis rochei rochei (Risso, 1810)[Jpn name: Marusoda]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Auxis rochei): Yakushima Island.
Auxis thazard thazard (Lacepède, 1800)[Jpn name: Hirasoda]
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Auxis thazard):
Yaku-shima Island.
Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849)[Jpn name: Suma]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Gymnosarda unicolor (Rüppell, 1836)[Jpn name: Isomaguro]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Thunnus obesus (Lowe 1839)[Jpn name: Mebachi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
ISTIOPHORIDAE
Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw, 1792)[Jpn name: Bashokajiki]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

ORDER PLEURONECTIFORMESFAMILY PARALICHTHYIDAE
Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)[Jpn name: Hirame]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY BOTHIDAE
Arnoglossus japonicus Hubbs, 1915
[Jpn name: Nihondarumagarei] (Fig. 592)
Hubbs (1915): USNM 75671, holotype of Arnoglossus japonicus, 74.7 mm SL, off southeastof Yaku-shima Island.

Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Katsuo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816)[Jpn name: Gurukuma]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 592. Arnoglossus japonicus (USNM 75671, holotype,74.7 mm SL, preserved specimen).

Sarda orientalis (Temminck and Schlegel, 1844)[Jpn name: Hagatsuo]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Scomber australasicus Cuvier, 1832
[Jpn name: Gomasaba]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782
[Jpn name: Masaba]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788)[Jpn name: Kihada]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

230

Bothus pantherinus (Rüppell, 1830)[Jpn name: Togedarumagarei] (Fig. 593)
BSKU 96644, 130.8 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–I.
20376, 150.7 mm SL, Isso.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Crossorhombus kobensis (Jordan and Starks, 1906)[Jpn name: Kobedarumagarei] (Fig. 594)
USNM 77187, 3 specimens, 55.4–91.1 mm
SL, off southeast of Yaku-shima Island.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Remarks: Randall and Desoutter-Meniger(2007) allocated some species of Parachirus to
Aseraggodes. We regard that the present species
also belongs to Aseraggodes.

Fig. 593. Bothus pantherinus (BSKU 96644, 130.8 mm
SL).

Fig. 596. Aseraggodes sp. (KAUM–I. 20247, 41.7 mm
SL).

Fig. 594. Crossorhombus kobensis (USNM 77187, 91.1
mm SL, preserved specimen).

Pardachirus pavoninus (Lacepède, 1802)[Jpn name: Minamiushinoshita] (Fig. 597)
BSKU 96632, 199.2 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Engyprosopon xystrias Hubbs, 1915
[Jpn name: Nisedarumagarei] (Fig. 595)
Hubbs (1915): USNM 75672, holotype ofEngyprosopon xystrias, 68.2 mm SL, off southeast of Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 597. Pardachirus pavoninus (BSKU 96632, 199.2 mm
SL).

Fig. 595. Engyprosopon xystrias (USNM 75672, holotype,68.2 mm SL, preserved specimen).

Soleichthys heterorhinos (Bleeker, 1856)[Jpn name: Sazanamiushinoshita] (Fig. 598)
KAUM–I. 20333, 45.1 mm SL, Isso; KPM–
NI 22510, 53.9 mm SL, Yudomari.

FAMILY SOLEIDAE
Aseraggodes sp.
[Jpn name: Musumeushinoshita] (Fig. 596)
BSKU 96617, 43.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
20247, 41.7 mm SL, Kurio.

Fig. 598. Soleichthys heterorhinos (KAUM–I. 20333, 45.1mm SL).

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Synaptura marginata Boulenger, 1900
[Jpn name: Amamiushinoshita]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

ORDER TETRAODONTIFORMESFAMILY TRIACANTHIDAE
Triacanthus biaculeatus (Bloch, 1786)[Jpn name: Gima]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
FAMILY BALISTIDAE
Balistapus undulatus (Park, 1797)[Jpn name: Kumadori]Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Balistoides conspicillum (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Mongarakawahagi] (Fig. 599)
KAUM–I. 20066, 128.7 mm SL, Yudomari;
NSMT–P 77619, 188 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 600. Balistoides viridescens (upper and lower: off
Isso, 12 m, 17 Jan. 2010, S. Harazaki).

Canthidermis maculata (Bloch, 1786)[Jpn name: Amimongara] (Fig. 601)
KPM–NI 24795, 54.8 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 599. Balistoides conspicillum (KAUM–I. 20066, 128.7mm SL).

Balistoides viridescens (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Gomamongara] (Fig. 600)
Arai and Ida (1975, as Balistes flavimarginatus, Kiherimongara): NSMT–P 58127, 38.1mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yakushima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

232

Fig. 601. Canthidermis maculata (KPM–NI 24795, 54.8mm SL).

Melichthys vidua (Richardson, 1845)[Jpn name: Kuromongara]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Odonus niger (Rüppell, 1836)[Jpn name: Akamongara]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1829)[Jpn name: Kiherimongara] (Fig. 602)
NSMT–P 77565, 34.8 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 603. Pseudobalistes fuscus (off Isso, 15 m, 20 Jan.
2010, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 604. Rhinecanthus aculeatus (KAUM–I. 21677, 27.6mm SL).

Fig. 602. Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus (upper: NSMT–P 77565, 34.8 mm SL; lower: off Isso, 12 m, 17 Jan.
2010, S. Harazaki).

Pseudobalistes fuscus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Isomongara] (Fig. 603)
Rhinecanthus aculeatus (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Murasamemongara] (Fig. 604)
KAUM–I. 21677, 27.6 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Yakushima Island.

Rhinecanthus rectangulus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Tasukimongara]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Yakushima Island.
Rhinecanthus verrucosus (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Kurakakemongara] (Fig. 605)
KAUM–I. 20047, 49.8 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20246, 28.8 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 21678, 33.7 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21683,
31.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21684, 28.9 mm
SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 21685, 31.6 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso,
Ambo and Kurio.
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Fig. 605. Rhinecanthus verrucosus (KAUM–I. 20047, 49.8mm SL).

Fig. 607. Sufflamen chrysopterum (KAUM–I. 11336, 133.8mm SL).

Sufflamen bursa (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Musumehagi] (Fig. 606)
BSKU 96598, 127.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 20290, 35.1 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 20311,
138.5 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25517, 152.5 mm
SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Sufflamen fraenatum (Latreille, 1804)[Jpn name: Meganehagi] (Fig. 608)
KAUM–I. 25207, 163.2 mm SL, Onoaida.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 608. Sufflamen fraenatum (KAUM–I. 25207, 163.2mm SL).

Fig. 606. Sufflamen bursa (KAUM–I. 20290, 35.1 mm SL).

FAMILY MONACANTHIDAE
Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Usubahagi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Sufflamen chrysopterum (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Tsumajiromongara] (Fig. 607)
KAUM–I. 11336, 133.8 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77663, 146.9 mm SL, Miyanoura.
Arai and Ida (1975): NSMT–P 58107, 62.6mm SL, Kusugawa; NSMT–P 58128, 44.2 mm
SL, Kusugawa.
234

Aluterus scriptus (Osbeck, 1765)[Jpn name: Soushihagi] (Fig. 609)
NSMT–P 77620, 437.0 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Cantherhines pardalis (Rüppell, 1837)[Jpn name: Amimeumazurahagi] (Fig. 612)
MUFS 25516, 102.1 mm SL, Kurio.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 609. Aluterus scriptus (NSMT–P 77620, 437.0 mm
SL).

Brachaluteres ulvarum Jordan and Fowler, 1902
[Jpn name: Aosahagi] (Fig. 610)

Fig. 612. Cantherhines pardalis (MUFS 25516, 102.1 mm
SL).

Fig. 610. Brachaluteres ulvarum (off Isso, 18 m, 23 June
2009, S. Harazaki).

Cantherhines dumerilii (Hollard, 1854)[Jpn name: Hakuseihagi] (Fig. 611)
FRLM 34727, 189.1 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Chaetodermis penicilligera (Cuvier, 1816)[Jpn name: Higehagi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Paraluteres prionurus (Bleeker, 1851)[Jpn name: Nokogirihagi] (Fig. 613)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 613. Paraluteres prionurus (off Isso, 5 m, 19 Jan.
2010, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 611. Cantherhines dumerilii (FRLM 34727, 189.1 mm
SL).

Paramonacanthus japonicus (Tilesius, 1809)[Jpn name: Yosogi] (Fig. 614)

235

H. Motomura et al.

FAMILY OSTRACIIDAE
Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Kongoufugu]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Lactoria diaphana (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Umisuzume]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Lactoria fornasini (Bianconi, 1846)[Jpn name: Shimaumisuzume]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Fig. 614. Paramonacanthus japonicus (off Isso, 12 m, 1
Sept. 2009, S. Harazaki).

Pervagor janthinosoma (Bleeker, 1854)[Jpn name: Nishikikawahagi] (Fig. 615)
BSKU 96562, 74.2 mm SL, Yudomari;
KAUM–I. 20079, 66.8 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus, 1758
[Jpn name: Minamihakofugu] (Fig. 616)
KAUM–I. 20106, 42.4 mm SL, Yudomari;
NSMT–P 95449, 21.6 mm SL, Haruo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso andKurio.

Fig. 615. Pervagor janthinosoma (KAUM–I. 20079, 66.8mm SL).
Fig. 616. Ostracion cubicus (upper: KAUM–I. 20106,
42.4 mm SL; lower: off Isso, 10 m, 12 Dec. 2006, S.
Harazaki).

Pervagor melanocephalus (Bleeker, 1853)[Jpn name: Nuriwakekawahagi]
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Thamnaconus modestus (Günther, 1877)[Jpn name: Umazurahagi]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
236

Ostracion immaculatus Temminck and Schlegel, 1850
[Jpn name: Hakofugu] (Fig. 617)
KAUM–I. 11481, 147.7 mm SL, Isso.
Arai and Ida (1975, as Ostracion tuberculatus): NSMT–P 58124, 2 specimens, 26.0–26.9mm SL, Kusugawa. Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yakushima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Kokutenfugu]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Arothron stellatus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)[Jpn name: Moyofugu] (Fig. 619)
Fig. 617. Ostracion immaculatus (KAUM–I. 11481, 147.7mm SL).

Ostracion meleagris meleagris Shaw, 1796
[Jpn name: Kurohakofugu]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
FAMILY TETRAODONTIDAE
Arothron firmamentum (Temminck and Schlegel, 1850)[Jpn name: Hoshifugu]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Sazanamifugu] (Fig. 618)
BSKU 96677, 77.0 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–
I. 11123, 17.7 mm SL, Matsumine; KAUM–I.
11172, 51.9 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I. 11655,
66.2 mm SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 11656, 57.9 mm
SL, Ambo; KAUM–I. 20085, 95.5 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I. 21804, 41.6 mm SL, Kurio;
MUFS 25440, 12.8 mm SL, Matsumine; MUFS
25608, 32.0 mm SL, Kurio; MUFS 25609, 40.6mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 91354, 59 mm SL, Yudomari; NSMT–P 91591, 33 mm SL, Nagakubo;
NSMT–P 91592, 2 specimens, 14–15 mm SL,
Nagakubo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 619. Arothron stellatus (off Isso, 10 m, 11 July 2006, S.
Harazaki).

Canthigaster axiologus Whitley, 1933
[Jpn name: Hanakinchakufugu] (Fig. 620)
KAUM–I. 11476, 59.9 mm SL, Isso; KAUM–
I. 20080, 77.2 mm SL, Yudomari; KAUM–I.
20346, 64.6 mm SL, Isso; NSMT–P 93180, 68.7mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Remarks: This species has long been regarded
as Canthigaster coronata (Vaillant and Sauvage,
1875). However, Randall et al. (2008) reviewed
C. cornata and divided it into three species, C.
cornata (Hawaiian Islands), C. axiologus Whitley,
1933 (western Pacific), and their new species, C.
cyanospilota (Indian Ocean and Red Sea). The
Yaku-shima specimens are herein identified as C.
axiologus.

Fig. 618. Arothron hispidus (KAUM–I. 11172, 51.9 mm
SL).
Fig. 620. Canthigaster axiologus (KAUM–I. 11476, 59.9mm SL).

237

H. Motomura et al.

Canthigaster janthinoptera (Bleeker, 1855)[Jpn name: Shiborikinchakufugu] (Fig. 621)
BSKU 96606, 60.4 mm SL, Kurio; KAUM–I.
20296, 51 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Fig. 623. Canthigaster valentini (off Isso, 10 m, 12 Jan.
2010, S. Harazaki).

Fig. 621. Canthigaster janthinoptera (KAUM–I. 20296, 51
mm SL).

Lagocephalus lagocephalus oceanicus Jordan and Evermann, 1903
[Jpn name: Kumasakafugu]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789)[Jpn name: Senninfugu]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Canthigaster rivulata (Temminck and Schlegel, 1850)[Jpn name: Kitamakura] (Fig. 622)
KAUM–I. 11288, 73.6 mm SL, Yudomari.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 622. Canthigaster rivulata (KAUM–I. 11288, 73.6mm SL).

Canthigaster valentini (Bleeker, 1853)[Jpn name: Shimakinchakufugu] (Fig. 623)
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.
Lagocephalus gloveri Abe and Tabeta, 1983
[Jpn name: Kurosabafugu]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

238

Sphoeroides pachygaster (Müller and Troschel, 1848)[Jpn name: Yoritofugu]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Takifugu niphobles (Jordan and Snyder, 1901)[Jpn name: Kusafugu] (Fig. 624)
KAUM–I. 11491, 64.3 mm SL, mouth of
Miyanoura River; KAUM–I. 15416, 103.4 mm
SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15436, 62.9mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15585,
61.4 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I.
15590, 74.0 mm SL, Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–
I. 23524, 50.1 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River;
KAUM–I. 23525, 49.1 mm SL, mouth of Ambo
River; KAUM–I. 23526, 39.5 mm SL, mouthof Ambo River; KAUM–I. 23527, 40.6 mm SL,
mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77583, 90 mm
SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77584, 111.7mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77585,
83 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P
77586, 79 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77587, 78 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River;
NSMT–P 77588, 86 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77589, 73 mm SL, mouth of Ambo
River; NSMT–P 77590, 80 mm SL, mouth ofAmbo River; NSMT–P 77591, 82 mm SL, mouthof Ambo River; NSMT–P 77592, 69 mm SL,
mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77593, 72 mm
SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77594, 69

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77595,
73 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P
77596, 71 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77597, 36 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River;
NSMT–P 77598, 34 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77599, 31 mm SL, mouth of Ambo
River; NSMT–P 77600, 25 mm SL, mouth ofAmbo River; NSMT–P 77601, 30 mm SL, mouthof Ambo River; NSMT–P 77602, 29 mm SL,
mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77603, 23 mm
SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77604, 27mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77605,
31 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P
77606, 30 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77607, 26 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River;
NSMT–P 77608, 21 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77609, 29 mm SL, mouth of Ambo
River; NSMT–P 77610, 22 mm SL, mouth ofAmbo River; NSMT–P 77611, 24 mm SL, mouthof Ambo River; NSMT–P 77612, 25 mm SL,
mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77613, 21 mm
SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77614, 20mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77615,
24 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P
77616, 25 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River; NSMT–P 77617, 21 mm SL, mouth of Ambo River;
NSMT–P 77618, 18.7 mm SL, mouth of Ambo
River; NSMT–P 77733, 30 mm SL, Nagakubo;
NSMT–P 77734, 28 mm SL, Nagakubo; NSMT–P 77773, 30 mm SL, Kurio; NSMT–P 77774, 28mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

FAMILY DIODONTIDAE
Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758)[Jpn name: Ishigakifugu] (Fig. 625)
MUFS 25518, 288.2 mm SL, Kurio.
Ichikawa et al. (1992, as Chilomycterus affinis): Yaku-shima Island. Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 625. Chilomycterus reticulatus (MUFS 25518, 288.2mm SL).

Diodon eydouxii Brissout and Barneville, 1846
[Jpn name: Yaseharisembon]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus, 1758
[Jpn name: Harisembon] (Fig. 626)
KAUM–I. 11512, 165.0 mm SL, Ambo;
KAUM–I. 15714, 18.5 mm SL, off northwest of
Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I. 15861, 20.0 mm
SL, off northwest of Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–
I. 15862, 19.3 mm SL, off northwest of Yakushima Island; KAUM–I. 15873, 17.2 mm SL,
off northwest of Yaku-shima Island; KAUM–I.
20345, 135.7 mm SL, Isso.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio. MOSC (2002): Isso andKurio.

Fig. 624. Takifugu niphobles (KAUM–I. 11491, 64.3 mm
SL).
Fig. 626. Diodon holocanthus (KAUM–I. 11512, 165.0mm SL).

239

H. Motomura et al.

Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758
[Jpn name: Nezumifugu] (Fig. 627)
KAUM–I. 11511, 291.6 mm SL, Ambo.
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.
Kuniyasu (1999): Kurio.

Fig. 627. Diodon hystrix (KAUM–I. 11511, 291.6 mm SL).

Diodon liturosus Shaw, 1804
[Jpn name: Hitozuraharisembon]
Ichikawa et al. (1992): Yaku-shima Island.

Discussion
In this study, 951 fish species were confirmed
to occur in the marine and estuarine waters of
Yaku-shima Island, with 374 and 89 species representing the first records from the island based oncollected specimens and underwater photographs
respectively. The most speciose families of fishes
in Yaku-shima Island are listed in Table 1. The
top 24 families comprise 75.6% of the total fish
fauna. The Gobiidae and Labridae are clearly thedominant families, with a total of 208 species representing more than one-fifth of total fish fauna.
Senou et al. (2006a: table 1; 2007: table 1)
ranked the most speciose families of Ie-jima Island and the Miyako Group, the Ryukyu Islands.
There are no major differences in the ranking andnumber of species for most families among Yakushima Island, Ie-jima Island, and the Miyako
Group. In fact, the top eight families occurringin Yaku-shima and Ie-jima Islands were identical in ranking (one to eight: Gobiidae, Labridae,
Pomacentridae, Apogonidae, Serranidae, Blenniidae, Chaetodontidae, and Acanthuridae), andthe percentage of the total fish fauna that thesefamilies represent are similar (48.5% in Yakushima Island vs. 53.6% in Ie-jima Island). On the240

other hand, there are noteworthy differences in
the family ranking between Yaku-shima Islandand the Sagami Sea (Senou et al., 2006b: Table 1
and revised table as erratum attached to reprint).
The Sagami Sea is located off the Pacific coastof central Honshu, Japan, and Yaku-shima Island
is located almost midway (based on latitude) between the Sagami Sea and the Ryukyu Islands (Iejima Island and the Miyako Group). Whereas thePomacentridae was ranked as the fifth most speciose family occurring in the Sagami Sea, with 2.9%of total fish fauna, the family was ranked third
in the lists of fishes of Yaku-shima and Ie-jimaIslands, and the Miyako Group, with 6.9–9.6% of
the total fish fauna. Apogonidae, the fourth ranked
family in Yaku-shima and Ie-jima Islands, and the
Miyako Group, was ranked eighth in the Sagami
Sea. These two families are primarily tropicalfishes.
In addition, although the Myctophidae andCottidae were listed as the fourteenth and fifteenth
most speciose families respectively in the Sagami
Sea, they were not listed from Yaku-shima and Iejima Islands, and the Miyako Group. The former
was not recorded from Yaku-shima and Ie-jimaTable1. Most speciose families of fishes in Yaku-shimaIsland.

FamilyGobiidaeLabridaePomacentridae
Apogonidae
Serranidae
Blenniidae
Chaetodontidae
Acanthuridae
Muraenidae
ScaridaeCarangidae
Lutjanidae
Scorpaenidae
Tripterygiidae
Syngnathidae
Balistidae
Pomacanthidae
Holocentridae
Tetraodontidae
Haemulidae
Mullidae
Scombridae
Monacanthidae
Exocoetidae
Subtotal
Other 87 families
Total

Number of
species
110
98
66
45
43
38
34
28
24
24
23
21
20
18
16
14
14
13
13
12
12
12
11
10
719
232
951

% of total
fish fauna
11.6
10.3
6.9
4.7
4.5
4.0
3.6
2.9
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
75.6
24.4
100.0

Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Islands, and the Miyako Group, because no deepwater or offshore fisheries exist there. The latter isa primarily temperate and cold water family anddoes not occur in Yaku-shima Island and southward.
These results indicate that the fish fauna of
Yaku-shima Island is more similar to that of the
Ryukyu Islands, rather than the Sagami Sea,
although cluster analyses of UPGMA (Senou
et al., 2006b: fig. 11) showed that there are two
distinctive biogeographical regions in Japanesewaters: one is the Japanese mainland and associated islands, including the Sagami Sea and Yakushima Island, and the other is the Ryukyu Islands.
Because Senou et al.’s (2006b) analysis incorporated only 567 species from Yaku-shima Island(mostly based on a list by Ichikawa et al., 1992),
similarities between the fish faunas of Yaku-shimaIsland and the Ryukyu Islands at least family
composition level were probably underestimated.
The Kuroshio Current flows from off the east of
the Philippines to the Pacific coast of southern Japan, via Taiwan and west of the Ryukyu Islands,
and regularly reaches along the coast of Yakushima Island (Fig. 1). The similarity between thefish faunas of Yaku-shima Island and the Ryukyu
Islands is most likely caused by transportationof tropical fishes, such as the above mentioned
families Apogonidae and Pomacentridae, by the
Kuroshio Current from Taiwan or China to Yakushima Island.
However, some temperate species that occur off the Japanese mainland (and often off
Taiwan) and do not occur in the Ryukyu Islands,
are well established in Yaku-shima Island. For
example, Acanthoplesiops psilogaster (Plesiopidae), Parupeneus spilurus (Mullidae), Istiblennius
enosimae (Blenniidae), Parapercis kamoharai(Pinguipedidae), Amblyeleotris fontanesii (Gobiidae), Pandaka sp. (Gobiidae), and Gymnogobius
petschiliensis (Gobiidae) are quite common at
Yaku-shima Island, but no records of these species
have been published from the Ryukyu Islands.
Furthermore, Yaku-shima Island is the southern
distributional limit of Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis (Osmeridae), a diadromous species widelydistributed around the Japanese mainland, andthis species is replaced with Plecoglossus altivelis

ryukyuensis in the Ryukyu Islands. Occurrence ofsuch species in Yaku-shima Island may be causedby the transportation of fishes (especially at larval
and juvenile stages) from southern Kyushu by
the Osumi Branch Current that irregularly occurs
between Osumi Peninsula and Yaku-shima Island,and some species possibly from Taiwan by the
Kuroshio Current (Fig. 1).
In southern Japan, several species are known
to have speciated in the north and south of theTokara Islands (e.g., Senou et al., 2006b), resulting in two sister species being allopatrically distributed in the Japanese mainland with associatedislands, including Yaku-shima Island (north of theTokara Islands), and the Ryukyu Islands (south of
the Tokara Islands). However, our surveys unexpectedly revealed that, in some cases, two sister
species occur sympatrically at Yaku-shima Island.
For example, two closely related gerreids, Gerres
equulus (primarily distributed around the Japanese mainland) and G. oyena (Ryukyu Islands);
two sparids, Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Japanese
mainland) and A. sivicolus (Ryukyu Islands); andtwo ostraciids, Ostracion immaculatus (Japanese
mainland) and O. cubicus (Ryukyu Islands) occur
at Yaku-shima Island. This is the first discovery
in southern Japan where two primarily allopatricsister species in several families occur at the sameisland.
As mentioned above, the marine and estuarine
fish fauna of Yaku-shima Island is composed ofa mixture of fishes primarily distributed in theJapanese mainland (and Taiwan) and the Ryukyu
Islands, indicating that the species composition in
Yaku-shima Island is clearly accounted for by thelocation of the island relative to the Kuroshio Current. The Kuroshio Current around Yaku-shimaIsland works not only as a kind of conveyor belt
for fishes of the Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan but
also as a strong barrier for fishes of the Japanese
mainland. The latter role of the current inhibits
fishes of Yaku-shima Island from extending theirdistribution southward to the Ryukyu Islands.
Incidentally, we found that some species
considered to be relatively rare or observed sporadically in Japanese waters, have considerablylarge populations around Yaku-shima Island. For
example, Pomadasys quadrilineatus (Haemulidae)
241

H. Motomura et al.

and Pentapodus aureofasciatus (Nemipteridae)
form numerous schools, each with more than 100
individuals, and were observed throughout theyear at various life stages off Yaku-shima Island(Motomura and Harazaki, 2007; Matsunuma etal., 2009). Although these species are common in
Taiwan and Yaku-shima Island, they have only
sporadically been collected and never observed inschools off the Pacific coast of the Japanese mainland. This suggests that the Yaku-shima Island
populations of these species probably originatedin Taiwan and/or adjacent waters, and most of thesporadically collected individuals along the Japanese mainland may have been supplied from theestablished populations at Yaku-shima Island. So,
Yaku-shima Island appears to be a major sourceof some tropical fish supply to the Pacific coast of
the Japanese mainland.
Acknowledgments
We are especially grateful to M. Yamada (Kagoshima Aquarium, Japan), M. Tsuboi (Graduate
School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Japan), H. Sakakibara (formerly FRLM), K.
Miyamoto, S. Yoshinaga and K. Kudo (formerly
MUFS), M. Yamamura (BSKU), H. Iwatsubo and
T. Haraguchi (Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima
University, Japan), S. N. Chiba (Graduate Schoolof Science and Engineering, Yamagata University,
Japan), B. M. M. Matsumoto and A. Estim (Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia), S. Arbsuwan(Kasetsart University, Thailand), and N. B. Shaharim (Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia)
for their assistance with collecting fishes from
Yaku-shima Island during this study. We thank D.
Catania (CAS) for providing data for Yaku-shimaspecimens at his collection, T. Suzuki (Amagasaki
Senior High School, Japan) for valuable information on taxonomy of gobiid fishes, N. Mochioka(Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan) andT. Yamamoto (Fisheries Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences,
Japan) for providing data and images of Anguillaspp., M. Aizawa (BLIP) for providing an imageof Sebastapistes, Y. Haraguchi, M. Takayama andother volunteers of KAUM, and R. Takahashi andother volunteers of KPM for their curatorial as242

sistance, A. Nishina (Kagoshima University) for
valuable information on the Kuroshio Current,
K. Uchimura (Graduate School of Science andEngineering, Kagoshima University, Japan) for
providing maps of Figures 1 and 2, Y. Hasuka and
E. Masuda (Kagoshima University, Japan) for arrangements of the Kagoshima University Yakushima Field Station, and G. Yearsley (Hobart,
Australia) for checking the manuscript. This study
was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) from the Japan Society for the
Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan (19208019)
and a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) from
the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports andCulture, Japan (19770067).
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H. Motomura and K. Matsuura (eds) Fishes of Yaku-shima Island
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 10 March 2010Freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima Island,
Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan
Toshihiko Yonezawa1*, Akihiko Shinomiya2 and Hiroyuki Motomura3
1

Foundation of Kagoshima Environmental Research & Service, 1-1-5 Nanatsujima, Kagoshima 891-0132, Japan
Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
3
Kagoshima University Museum, 1-21-30 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan*
Corresponding author: e-mail: yonezawa@kagoshima-env.or.jp
2

Abstract An annotated checklist of freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture,southern Japan, was compiled from field and literature surveys. A total of 32 species (22 genera, 11families, 7 orders) are listed with citation of literature, registration numbers, sizes, localities in theisland, ecological notes, and color photographs if available.
Key words: Freshwater fishes, checklist, Yaku-shima Island, Kagoshima, Japan.

Introduction
Yaku-shima Island has well-developed mountains, including the highest peak in Kyushu, Mt.
Miyanoura, at 1936 m. Annual precipitation ishigh, 2,400–5,000 mm in lowland areas and
5,000–7,400 mm in the mountains (Takahara andMatsumoto, 2002). Therefore, the island’s rivers
are well developed, especially the Ambo River,which is more than 10 km long. In addition, theisland has very limited flatlands and in its entirety
appears as one large, steep mountain, with themountain slope continuing under the sea. Thus,
the estuaries are poorly developed, and the rapid
mountain streams flow directly into the sea without any obvious estuarine area.
The water temperature in the larger rivers of
the lowland areas drops below 10°C in the winterseason because the headwaters of these rivers are
fed by snowmelt. On the other hand, the watertemperature in some small-scale rivers with hot
springs exceeds 15°C even in winter.
The freshwater ichthyofauna of Yaku-shimaIsland is poorly known, with only a few faunal
studies published (e.g., Jordan and Starks, 1906;
Kuroiwa, 1927; Ogawa, 1937). During recent
surveys of freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima Islandby the first author, a gobiid, Stiphodon surrufus,

was discovered from a small river with a hot
spring (Yonezawa and Iwata, 2001) and the species is currently known only from the island inJapan. However, no other survey results (except
for Yonezawa, 2002; Yonezawa and Shinomiya,2002) have been published.
This paper provides a list of 32 species offreshwater fishes occurring in the upper and middle reaches of rivers on Yaku-shima Island on thebasis of published papers, collected specimens,
and underwater photographs and observations
during the surveys.
Materials and methods
The systematic arrangement of families follows Nelson (2006). Species in families are arranged in alphabetical order of species name.
Standard Japanese names generally follow Nakabo (2002), and are transliterated using the Hepburn system. Each species record was compiled
from voucher specimens and literature sources
related to freshwater fishes recorded from the upper and middle reaches of the island’s rivers. Each
voucher specimen includes registration number,number of specimens registered if more than one,standard length (abbreviated as SL), and locality
on Yaku-shima Island (Fig. 1). Nishi and Imai249

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Fig. 2. Anguilla japonica. USNM 53542, 247.1 mm SL,
Miyanoura River (preserved specimen).

Fig. 1. Map of Yaku-shima Island, with major rivers.
Names of places and rivers given in this map are usedin text.

(1969) listed 11 species from Yaku-shima Island.
However, these fishes are not listed in this study
because some or most species might be collectedfrom estuaries of the Isso River.
Specimens used in this paper have been deposited at the following collections: Biological
Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo (BLIP);
Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima(KAUM); National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo (NSMT); and Museum Support
Center of the Smithsonian Institution National
Museum of Natural History, Suitland (USNM).

Anguilla marmorata Quoy and Gaimard, 1824
[Japanese name: Ounagi] (Fig. 3)
Kuroiwa (1927); Ogawa (1937); Sakai et al.
(2001); Mizuno and Nagasawa (2009).
Remarks. In small streams at Yaku-shimaIsland, the species occurs from the headwaters toriver mouths. The population of A. marmorata islarger than that of A. japonica at Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 3. Anguilla marmorata. Isso River, 0.5 m, 16 Oct.
1999, T. Yonezawa.

List of freshwater fishes
ORDER ANGUILLIFORMESFAMILY ANGUILLIDAE
Anguilla japonica Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
[Japanese name: Unagi] (Fig. 2)
USNM 53542, 2 specimens, 247.1–256.5 mm
SL, Miyanoura River.
Jordan and Starks (1906); Kuroiwa (1927);
Ogawa (1937); Sakai et al. (2001).
Remarks. The species usually inhabits gently
flowing rivers and is relatively rare at Yaku-shimaIsland. Classified as ‘data deficient (DD)’ in the2007 Red List by the Ministry of Environment,
Japan.

250

ORDER CYPRINIFORMESFAMILY CYPRINIDAE
Tribolodon hakonensis (Günther, 1877)[Jpn name: Ugui] (Fig. 4)
Yonezawa et al. (2003).
Remarks. An introduced species; released
together with Oncorhynchus masou masou into
the Ambo River in 1971 (T. Oyama, pers. comm.).
The Yaku-shima Island population of the species
is most likely to be landlocked because its spawning has been confirmed from an upstream dam.
Catadromous and landlocked populations are
known for the species.

Freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Fig. 4. Tribolodon hakonensis. Ara River, 0.5 m, 23 Nov.
2005, K. Morita.

Carassius langsdorfi (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)[Japanese name: Gimbuna]
Ogawa (1937, as Carassius carassius).
Remarks. No records of the species havebeen reported from Yaku-shima Island since
Ogawa (1937). He reported it as “Funa, C. carassius” without voucher specimens, and provided a
photograph of a fish collected from Okinoerabujima Island (not Yaku-shima Island). If his recordof “Funa” was certain, his fish was probably C.
langsdorfi (rather than C. carassius) because C.
langsdorfi is widely distributed in the islands, including Tanega-shima and Amami-oshima Islands,
and on the mainland of Kagoshima Prefecture.
FAMILY COBITIDAE
Misugumus anguillicaudatus Cantor, 1842
[Japanese name: Dojo]
Kuroiwa (1927); Ogawa (1937).
Remarks. No records of the species havebeen reported from Yaku-shima Island since
Ogawa (1937). This species is probably very rareor extinct on Yaku-shima Island because preferredhabitats of the species, e.g., reservoirs, ponds,
and rice fields with small channels, are limitedon the island. It has been classified as ‘criticallyendangered + endangered (CR+EN)’ in the 2003
Kagoshima Red Data Book by the Environment
and Citizens Affairs Department, Kagoshima Prefectural Office.

ORDER OSMERIFORMESFAMILY OSMERIDAE
Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
[Japanese name: Ayu] (Fig. 5)
KAUM–I. 19101, 146.0 mm SL, Isso River;
KAUM–I. 19102, 83.7 mm SL, Isso River;
KAUM–I. 19103, 100.4 mm SL, Isso River;
KAUM–I. 19104, 80.3 mm SL, Isso River;
KAUM–I. 24679, 93.5 mm SL, Miyanoura River;
KAUM–I. 24680, 84.3 mm SL, Miyanoura River;
KAUM–I. 24681, 84.4 mm SL, Miyanoura River.
Kuroiwa (1927); Ogawa (1937); Sawashi etal. (1993); Sakai et al. (2001); Yonezawa et al.
(2003).
Remarks. Occurs in relatively large rivers on
Yaku-shima Island. The Yaku-shima Island population represents the southernmost distributional
range of P. altivelis altivelis (see Yonezawa et al.,2003). A closely related subspecies, P. altivelis
ryukyuensis, is distributed on Amami-oshimaIsland but has never been recorded from Yakushima Island; this is probably because the survival
rate of juvenile P. a. ryukyuensis is extremely
low when sea water temperature exceeds 20°C
(Kishino et al., 2008) and they usually stay incoastal areas and do not venture offshore (Tsukamoto, 1988). Plecoglossus a. altivelis is classified
as ‘vulnerable (VU)’ in the 2003 Kagoshima Red
Data Book by the Environment and Citizens Affairs Department, Kagoshima Prefectural Office.
ORDER SALMONIFORMESFAMILY SALMONIDAE
Oncorhynchus masou masou (Brevoort, 1856)[Japanese name: Yamame] (Fig. 6)
Kawanabe and Mizuno (1989); Yonezawa etal. (2003).
Remarks. A landlocked population in the
Ambo River; introduced into the upstream area of
the Arakawa Dam in 1971 by the Freshwater Fish
Protection Society in cooperation with the Facultyof Fisheries, Kagoshima University, and Fisheries
Department, Kagoshima Prefectural Office.

251

T. Yonezawa et al.

A

B

C

Fig. 5. Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis. A, Miyanoura River,
0.5 m, 15 Oct. 1999, T. Yonezawa; B, Isso River, 0.5 m,
16 Oct. 1999, T. Yonezawa; C, Isso River, 0.8 m, 23
Dec. 2009, S. Harazaki.

ORDER BELONIFORMESFAMILY ADRIANICHTHYOIDAE
Oryzias latipes (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846)[Japanese name: Medaka]
Sakai et al. (2001).
Remarks. This species is probably very rareor extinct on Yaku-shima Island because preferredhabitats of the species, e.g., reservoirs, ponds, andrice fields with small channels, are limited on theisland. There are three distinct genetic populations of O. latipes (Satsuma, Osumi, and Ryukyu
populations) in Kagoshima Prefecture (Sakaizumi,1997). Oryzias latipes at Yaku-shima Island ismost likely to be the Ryukyu population. The species is classified as ‘critically endangered + endangered (CR+EN)’ in the 2003 Kagoshima Red
Data Book by the Environment and Citizens Affairs Department, Kagoshima Prefectural Office,and as ‘vulnerable (VU)’ in the 2007 Red List by
the Ministry of Environment, Japan.
ORDER SYGNATHIFORMESFAMILY SYNGNATHIDAE
Microphis leiaspis (Bleeker, 1853)[Japanese name: Issen-yoji]
Sakai et al. (2001).
Remarks. At Yaku-shima Island, the species
apparently disappears during winter.
ORDER PERCIFORMESFAMILY KUHLIIDAE
Kuhlia marginata (Cuvier, 1829)[Japanese name: Yugoi] (Fig. 7)
KAUM–I. 17823, 47.3 mm SL, a stream at
Kusugawa; KAUM–I. 17833, 46.9 mm SL, astream at Kusugawa; KAUM–I. 17858, 32.3 mm
SL, Isso River; KAUM–I. 25049, 78.4 mm SL,
Ambo River.
Ogawa (1937); Sakai et al. (2001).
Remarks. Common at Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 6. Oncorhynchus masou masou. Ara River, 0.5 m, 23
Nov. 2005, K. Morita.

Fig. 7. Kuhlia marginata. KAUM–I. 17833, 46.9 mm SL, astream at Kusugawa (preserved specimen).

252

Freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Kuhlia munda (De Vis, 1884)[Japanese name: Togenagayugoi]
Kawanabe and Mizuno (1989); Sakai et al.
(2001).
Remarks. Extremely rare at Yaku-shima Island. No specimens were confirmed during thisstudy. The species is classified as ‘data deficient(DD)’ in the 2003 Kagoshima Red Data Book by
the Environment and Citizens Affairs Department,
Kagoshima Prefectural Office, and as ‘endangered(EN)’ in the 2007 Red List by the Ministry of Environment, Japan. Sato et al. (2004) synonymized
K. boninensis (Fowler, 1907) with K. munda.
Kuhlia rupestris (Lacepède, 1802)[Japanese name: Okuchiyugoi] (Fig. 8)
KAUM–I. 19094, 79.5 mm SL, Hide River.
Kuroiwa (1927); Ogawa (1937); Sakai et al.
(2001).
Remarks. Often occurs with Kuhlia marginata at Yaku-shima Island. The population of K.
rupestris is much smaller than that of K. marginata at the island. The species apparently disappears
during winter at Yaku-shima Island and adults
have never been observed.

at Yaku-shima Island, possibility of reproduction
at the island is relatively low. The northernmost
recorded range of the species is probably Yakushima Island. The species is classified as ‘criticallyendangered + endangered (CR+EN)’ in the 2003
Kagoshima Red Data Book by the Environment
and Citizens Affairs Department, Kagoshima Prefectural Office, and as ‘endangered (CR)’ in the2007 Red List by the Ministry of Environment,
Japan.

A

B

C

Fig. 8. Kuhlia rupestris. KAUM–I. 19094, 79.5 mm SL,
Hide River (preserved specimen).

FAMILY RHYACICHTHYDAE
Rhyacichthys aspro (Valenciennes, 1837)[Japanese name: Tsubasahaze] (Fig. 9)
BLIP 1999194, 24.9 mm SL, Okawa River;
BLIP 1999195, 24.5 mm SL, Nagata River.
Yonezawa et al. (2003); Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).
Remarks. Rare at Yaku-shima Island; havebeen observed at small waterfalls near mouths ofsmall rivers. Although the species can overwinterFig. 9. Rhyacichthys aspro. A, Nagata River, 0.3 m, 14 Oct.
1999, T. Yonezawa; B and C, a stream at Onoaida, 0.5m, 25 Dec. 1999, T. Yonezawa.

FAMILY ELEOTRIDAE
Eleotris fusca (Forster, 1801)[Japanese name: Tenjikukawaanago] (Fig. 10)
Remarks. Occurs in the lower portions of the
middle reaches of small-scale rivers; relatively
rare at Yaku-shima Island. The species cannot
overwinter at the island and dead individuals canbe observed on the bottom of rivers in winter.

253

T. Yonezawa et al.

Fig. 12. Awaous ocellaris. Nagata River, 0.5 m, 14 Oct.
1999, T. Yonezawa.
Fig. 10. Eleotris fusca. A stream at Onoaida, 0.3 m, 25
Dec. 1999, T. Yonezawa.

Ophieleotris sp.
[Japanese name: Tametomohaze] (Fig. 11)
Akihito et al. (2002); Yonezawa and Shinomiya (2002); Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).
Remarks. Occurs in the lower potions of the
middle reaches of small-scale rivers; very rareat Yaku-shima Island. The individuals found at
Yaku-shima Island are probably transported by
the Kuroshio Current from the south. The species
is classified as ‘critically endangered + endangered (CR+EN)’ in the 2003 Kagoshima Red Data
Book by the Environment and Citizens Affairs
Department, Kagoshima Prefectural Office, andas ‘endangered (EN)’ in the 2007 Red List by the
Ministry of Environment, Japan.

Gymnogobius petschiliensis (Rendahl, 1924)[Japanese name: Sumiukigori] (Fig. 13)
KAUM–I. 17865, 67.3 mm SL, Isso River;
NSMT–P 29077, 3 specimens, 55.6–73.0 mm
SL, Nagata River; NSMT–P 29082, 45.0 mm
SL, Nagata River; NSMT–P 29091, 4 specimens,
38.3–44.3 mm SL, Nagata River; NSMT–P
29120, 12 specimens, 41.5–63.8 mm SL, Isso
River; NSMT–P 29368, 53.8 mm SL, Yaku-shimaIsland.
Kawanabe and Mizuno (1989); Sakai et al.
(2001); Akihito et al. (2002, as Gymnogobius sp.
1); Yonezawa et al. (2003); Suzuki and Shibukawa(2004).
Remarks. The southernmost recorded rangeof the species in Japan is considered to be Yakushima Island (Suzuki and Shibukawa, 2004).

Fig. 13. Gymnogobius petschiliensis. NSMT–P 29120, 42.5mm SL, Isso River (preserved specimen).

Fig. 11. Ophieleotris sp. A stream at Harumaki, 0.5 m, 14
Oct. 1999, T. Yonezawa.

FAMILY GOBIIDAE
Awaous ocellaris (Broussonet, 1782)[Japanese name: Minamihaze] (Fig. 12)
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).
Remarks. This relatively rare species inhabits
the lower portions of the middle reaches of gently
flowing rivers on Yaku-shima Island.

254

Gymnogobius urotaenia (Hilgendorf, 1879)[Japanese name: Ukigori]
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).
Remarks. No specimens were confirmed during this study. The southernmost recorded rangeof the species is considered to be Yaku-shima Island (Suzuki and Shibukawa, 2004).
Lentipes armatus Sakai and Nakamura, 1979
[Japanese name: Yoroibozuhaze] (Fig. 14)
BLIP 1999196, 19.2 mm SL, Okawa River.
Yonezawa et al. (2003); Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).

Freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima Island

Remarks. Rare at Yaku-shima Island; havebeen observed at small waterfalls near mouths ofsmall rivers. Although individuals with nuptial
coloration are observed at Yaku-shima Island,
the possibility of reproduction at the island is unknown. The northernmost recorded range of thespecies is probably Yaku-shima and Tanega-shimaIslands. The species is classified as ‘criticallyendangered + endangered (CR+EN)’ in the 2003
Kagoshima Red Data Book by the Environment
and Citizens Affairs Department, Kagoshima Prefectural Office, and as ‘critically endangered (CR)’in the 2007 Red List by the Ministry of Environment, Japan.

A

19097, 47.4 mm SL, Isso River; NSMT–P. 29045,
5 specimens, 54.2–79.9 mm SL, Nagata River;
NSMT–P 29055, 41.2 mm SL, a stream at Torigoe; NSMT–P 29069, 2 specimens, 39.0–58.6 mm
SL, a stream at Torigoe; NSMT–P 29076, 58.3mm SL, Nagata River; NSMT–P 29081, 2 specimens, 41.2–55.2 mm SL, Nagata River; NSMT–P
29085, 54.4 mm SL, Nagata River; NSMT–P
29090, 4 specimens, 40.9–47.5 mm SL, Nagata
River; NSMT–P 29099, 27 specimens, 47.5–88.9mm SL, Isso River; NSMT–P 29107, 12 specimens, 42.2–72.9 mm SL, Isso River; NSMT–P
29119, 9 specimens, 22.1–75.8 mm SL, Isso
River; NSMT–P 29126, 2 specimens, 39.6–80.8mm SL, Miyanoura River; NSMT–P 29132, 3
specimens, 38.7–47.0 mm SL, Miyanoura River;
NSMT–P 29136, 51.6 mm SL, Miyanoura River.
Kuroiwa (1927); Ogawa (1937).
Remarks. Common at Yaku-shima Island.

B
A

C
B
Fig. 15. Rhinogobius giurinus. A, male, Nagata River,
0.5 m, 14 Oct. 1999, T. Yonezawa; B, female, Nagata
River, 0.5 m, 14 Oct. 1999, T. Yonezawa.
Fig. 14. Lentipes armatus. A, male, a stream at Onoaida,
0.3 m, Oct. 2000, T. Yonezawa; B, female, a stream at
Onoaida, 0.3 m, Oct. 2000, T. Yonezawa; C, juvenile,
Okawa River, 0.5 m, 16 Dec. 1999, T. Yonezawa.

Rhinogobius giurinus (Rutter, 1897)[Japanese name: Gokurakuhaze] (Fig. 15)
KAUM–I. 17818, 39.8 mm SL, a stream at
Kusugawa; KAUM–I. 17819, 42.2 mm SL, astream at Kusugawa; KAUM–I. 17820, 39.0 mm
SL, a stream at Kusugawa; KAUM–I. 17821, 40.5mm SL, a stream at Kusugawa; KAUM–I. 17822,
64.0 mm SL, a stream at Kusugawa; KAUM–I.

Rhinogobius sp. DA[Japanese name: Kuroyoshinobori] (Fig. 16)
KAUM–I. 17834, 52.6 mm SL, a stream at
Kusugawa; KAUM–I. 17835, 64.5 mm SL, astream at Kusugawa; KAUM–I. 17836, 63.1 mm
SL, a stream at Kusugawa ; KAUM–I. 17837,
42.7 mm SL, a stream at Kusugawa ; KAUM–
I. 17859, 53.7 mm SL, Isso River; KAUM–I.
17860, 37.5 mm SL, Isso River; KAUM–I. 19098,
48.8 mm SL, Isso River; KAUM–I. 19099, 57.8mm SL, Isso River; KAUM–I. 19100, 59.8 mm
SL, Isso River; KAUM–I. 19648, 49.6 mm SL,
255

T. Yonezawa et al.

Isso River; KAUM–I. 19649, 50.5 mm SL,
Isso River; KAUM–I. 19650, 40.9 mm SL, Isso
River; KAUM–I. 19651, 40.6 mm SL, Isso
River; KAUM–I. 19652, 41.4 mm SL, Isso
River; KAUM–I. 19653, 37.6 mm SL, Isso
River; KAUM–I. 19654, 37.7 mm SL, Isso
River; KAUM–I. 19655, 41.0 mm SL, Isso
River; KAUM–I. 19656, 34.5 mm SL, Isso
River; KAUM–I. 19657, 27.6 mm SL, Isso
River; KAUM–I. 19658, 28.6 mm SL, Isso
River; KAUM–I. 19659, 34.0 mm SL, Isso
River; KAUM–I. 19660, 42.3 mm SL, Isso
River; KAUM–I. 19661, 43.2 mm SL, Isso
River; KAUM–I. 19662, 24.8 mm SL, Isso
River; KAUM–I. 19663, 23.9 mm SL, Isso River;
KAUM–I. 19664, 44.1 mm SL, Isso River;
KAUM–I. 19665, 26.9 mm SL, Isso River;
KAUM–I. 19666, 27.5 mm SL, Isso River;
KAUM–I. 19667, 23.4 mm SL, Isso River;
KAUM–I. 19668, 24.3 mm SL, Isso River;
KAUM–I. 19669, 26.3 mm SL, Isso River;
KAUM–I. 19670, 24.6 mm SL, Isso River;
KAUM–I. 24718, 38.4 mm SL, a stream at Yudomari; KAUM–I. 24719, 46.2 mm SL, Miyanoura
River; KAUM–I. 24720, 25.9 mm SL, Miyanoura
River; NSMT–P 29059, 9 specimens, 43.1–58.7mm SL, a stream at Torigoe.
Sakai et al. (2001).
Remarks. Common at Yaku-shima Island.

A

B

Fig. 16. Rhinogobius sp. DA. A, male, Nagata River, 0.5 m,
14 Dec. 1999, T. Yonezawa; B, male, Tabu River, 2 m,
6 July 2007, S. Harazaki.

256

Rhinogobius sp. DL[Japanese name: Hirayoshinobori] (Fig. 17)
KAUM–I. 24721, 34.7 mm SL, Miyanoura
River; KAUM–I. 24722, 31.7 mm SL, Miyanoura
River; KAUM–I. 24723, 33.8 mm SL, Miyanoura
River; KAUM–I. 24724, 30.1 mm SL, Miyanoura
River; KAUM–I. 24725, 30.0 mm SL, Miyanoura
River; KAUM–I. 24726, 27.6 mm SL, Miyanoura
River; KAUM–I. 24727, 20.6 mm SL, Miyanoura
River.
Sakai et al. (2001); Yonezawa (2002); Suzuki
and Shibukawa (2004).
Remarks. Occurs in the relatively large-scalerivers of Yaku-shima Island. The population of
the species at the island is smaller than that of
Rhinogobius sp. DA. The northernmost distributional range is probably Yaku-shima and Tanegashima Islands. The species is classified as ‘near
threatened (NT)’ in the 2003 Kagoshima Red Data
Book by the Environment and Citizens Affairs
Department, Kagoshima Prefectural Office.

Fig. 17. Rhinogobius sp. DL. Juvenile, Nagata River, 0.5 m,
14 Dec. 1999, T. Yonezawa.

Schismatogobius ampluvinculus Chen, Shao and Fang, 1995
[Japanese name: Shimaesohaze] (Fig. 18)
BLIP 1999191, 2 specimens, 14.8–15.6 mm
SL, Nagata River.
Yonezawa and Shinomiya (2002); Yonezawa
et al. (2003); Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).
Remarks. Extremely rare at Yaku-shimaIsland. The species is observed in or on sandy
bottoms in the rapids. Although the northernmost
distributional range is probably Yaku-shima andTanega-shima Islands, the species does not reproduce there. The species is classified as ‘criticallyendangered + endangered (CR+EN)’ in the 2003
Kagoshima Red Data Book by the Environment
and Citizens Affairs Department, Kagoshima Pre-

Freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima Island

fectural Office, and as ‘endangered (EN)’ in the2007 Red List by the Ministry of Environment,
Japan.

Sakai et al. (2001).
Remarks. Common at Yaku-shima Island.

A
Fig. 19. Sicyopterus japonicus. KAUM–I. 17856, 56.2 mm
SL, Isso River (preserved specimen).

B

Fig. 18. Schismatogobius ampluvinculus. A and B, Nagata
River, 0.5 m, 14 Oct. 1999, T. Yonezawa.

Sicyopterus japonicus (Tanaka, 1909)[Japanese name: Bozuhaze] (Fig. 19)
KAUM–I. 17816, 50.9 mm SL, a stream
at Kusugawa; KAUM–I. 17817, 46.0 mm SL,a stream at Kusugawa; KAUM–I. 17855, 65.0mm SL, Isso River; KAUM–I. 17856, 56.2 mm
SL, Isso River; KAUM–I. 17857, 68.0 mm SL,
Isso River; KAUM–I. 19095, 81.1 mm SL, Isso
River; KAUM–I. 19096, 78.5 mm SL, Isso River;
NSMT–P 29057, 4 specimens, 51.1–63.1 mm
SL, a stream at Torigoe; NSMT–P 29063, 53.3mm SL, a stream at Kusugawa; NSMT–P 29071,
2 specimens, 44.3–48.2 mm SL, a stream at Torigoe; NSMT–P 29078, 8 specimens, 43.2–63.0mm SL, Nagata River; NSMT–P 29083, 6 specimens, 36.0–79.6 mm SL, Nagata River; NSMT–P
29109, 2 specimens, 52.3–68.6 mm SL, Isso River; NSMT–P. 29122, 4 specimens, 45.7–65.8 mm
SL, Isso River; NSMT–P 29133, 57.6 mm SL,
Miyanoura River; NSMT–P 29137, 4 specimens,
56.5–81.2 mm SL, Miyanoura River; NSMT–P
29139, 6 specimens, 38.7–62.7 mm SL, Okawa
River.

Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas, 1770)[Japanese name: Ruribozuhaze] (Fig. 20)
BLIP 1999200, 27.7 mm SL, a stream at Onoaida.
Yonezawa et al. (2003); Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).
Remarks. This rare species appears not to
overwinter at the island. The northernmost distributional range is probably Yaku-shima andTanega-shima Islands. The species is classified
as ‘vulnerable (VU)’ in the 2003 Kagoshima Red
Data Book by the Environment and Citizens Affairs Department, Kagoshima Prefectural Office,and classified as ‘endangered (EN)’ in the 2007
Red List by the Ministry of Environment, Japan.

Fig. 20. Sicyopterus lagocephalus. A stream at Onoaida, 0.3m, Nov. 1996, T. Yonezawa

257

T. Yonezawa et al.

Sicyopus leprurus Sakai and Nakamura, 1979
[Japanese name: Kaeruhaze] (Fig. 21)
BLIP 1999197, 2 specimens, 28.0–32.1 mm
SL, a stream at Onoaida.
Yonezawa et al. (2003); Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).
Remarks. The species usually inhabits small
waterfalls in the forests and valleys of Yaku-shimaIsland, and appears to overwinter at the island.
Nuptial-colored individuals are observed at theisland. The northernmost distributional range isprobably Yaku-shima Island. The species is classified as ‘critically endangered + endangered(CR+EN)’ in the 2003 Kagoshima Red Data Bookby the Environment and Citizens Affairs Department, Kagoshima Prefectural Office, and as ‘critically endangered (CR)’ in the 2007 Red List by
the Ministry of Environment, Japan.

A

B

Fig. 21. Sicyopus leprurus. A, male, a stream at Onoaida,
0.2 m, 13 Oct. 1999, T. Yonezawa; B, female, a stream
at Onoaida, 0.2 m, 13 Oct. 1999, T. Yonezawa.

Sicyopus zosterophorus (Bleeker, 1857)[Japanese name: Akabozuhaze] (Fig. 22)
BLIP 1999198, 2 specimens, 28.8–33.2 mm
SL, a stream at Onoaida; BLIP 1999199, 7 specimens, 22.0–26.9 mm SL, a stream at Yudomari.
Yonezawa et al. (2003); Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).
Remarks. The species usually inhabits small
waterfalls in the forests and valleys of Yaku-shima
258

Island, and appears to overwinter at the island.
Nuptial-colored individuals are also observed at
the island. The species often occurs with Sicyopus
leprurus. The northernmost distributional range isprobably Yaku-shima and Tanega-shima Islands.
The species is classified as ‘critically endangered+ endangered (CR+EN)’ in the 2003 Kagoshima
Red Data Book by the Environment and Citizens
Affairs Department, Kagoshima Prefectural Office, and as ‘critically endangered (CR)’ in the2007 Red List by the Ministry of Environment,
Japan.

A

B

Fig. 22. Sicyopus zosterophorus. A, male, a stream at
Onoaida, 0.2 m, Oct. 1996, T. Yonezawa; B, female, astream of Onoaida, 0.2 m, 13 Oct. 1999, T. Yonezawa.

Stenogobius sp.
[Japanese name: Tanekawahaze]
Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).
Remarks. The species usually occurs in thelower portions of the middle reaches of gently
flowing rivers and is relatively rare at Yaku-shimaIsland.
Stiphodon atropurpureus (Herre, 1927)[Japanese name: Konteribozuhaze] (Fig. 23)
BLIP 1999201, 24.4 mm SL, a stream at Onoaida.
Yonezawa et al. (2003); Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).
Remarks. The Yaku-shima Island populationof the species is extremely small. The species
inhabits the same areas as Stiphodon percnopterygionus. The species is classified as ‘criticallyendangered + endangered (CR+EN)’ in the 2003
Kagoshima Red Data Book by the Environment

Freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima Island

and Citizens Affairs Department, Kagoshima Prefectural Office, and as ‘critically endangered (CR)’in the 2007 Red List by the Ministry of Environment, Japan.

A

B

Fig. 23. Stiphodon atropurpureus. Male, Okawa River, 0.5m, 16 Oct. 1999, T. Yonezawa.

Stiphodon percnopterygionus Watson and Chen, 1998
[Japanese name: Nan-yobozuhaze] (Fig. 24)
KAUM–I. 24730, 18.9 mm SL, a stream at
Yudomari; KAUM–I. 24731, 23.4 mm SL, Okawa
River.
Kawanabe and Mizuno (1989); Sakai et al.
(2001); Suzuki and Shibukawa (2004).
Remarks. The species inhabits the middle
reaches of small-scale rivers on Yaku-shima Island. It prefers to stay on stones in full sun, but
swims to deeper water when threatened.
Stiphodon surrufus (Watson, 1995)[Japanese name: Kakiirohimebozuhaze] (Fig. 25)
NSMT–P 61273, 20.0 mm SL, a stream at
Onoaida.
Yonezawa and Iwata (2001); Suzuki and
Shibukawa (2004).
Remarks. Currently known only from a single
Yaku-shima Island specimen from Japan (Yonezawa and Iwata, 2001). The collected specimen wasobserved to occur with Sicyopus leprurus and Sicyopus zosterophorus. The species is classified as‘data deficient (DD)’ in the 2003 Kagoshima Red
Data Book by the Environment and Citizens Affairs Department, Kagoshima Prefectural Office,and as ‘data deficient (DD)’ in the 2007 Red Listby the Ministry of Environment, Japan.

C

Fig. 24. Stiphodon percnopterygionus. A, female, Nagata
River, 0.5 m, 14 Oct. 1999, T. Yonezawa; B, male,
Okawa River, 0.5 m, 16 Oct. 1999, T. Yonezawa; C,
male, Tabu River, 0.5 m, 12 Sept. 2007, S. Harazaki.

A

B

Fig. 25. Stiphodon surrufus. A and B, male (same individual), a stream at Onoaida, 0.3 m, 3 Oct. 2000, T.
Yonezawa.

259

T. Yonezawa et al.

Tridentigers kuroiwae Jordan and Tanaka, 1927
[Japanese name: Naganogori] (Fig. 26)
KAUM–I. 17839, 33.3 mm SL, Isso River;
KAUM–I. 17840, 40.1 mm SL, Isso River;
KAUM–I. 24732, 27.3 mm SL, Miyanoura River.
Kuroiwa (1927); Sakai et al. (2001); Suzuki
and Shibukawa (2004).
Remarks. Common in the middle and lower
reaches of the relatively large-scale rivers of
Yaku-shima Island.

Fig. 26. Tridentigers kuroiwae. Miyanoura River, 0.3 m, 15
Oct. 1999, T. Yonezawa.

Conclusion
A total of 32 fish species (22 genera, 11 families, 7 orders) was confirmed from the upper andmiddle reaches of the freshwater rivers of Yakushima Island in this study. Only three species,
Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis, Gymnogobius
petschiliensis, and G. urotaenia, occurring at
Yaku-shima Island represent the southernmost
records for each species. On the other hand, 12
species, Kuhlia boninensis, Rhyacichthys aspro,
Ophieleotris sp., Lentipes armatus, Rhinogobius
sp. DL, Schismatogobius ampluvinculus, Sicyopterus lagocephalus, Sicyopus leprurus, S. zosterophorus, Stiphodon atropurpureus, S. surrufus,
and Tridentigers kuroiwae, represent the northernmost records for each species. This indicates that
the Yaku-shima Island freshwater ichthyofauna isstrongly influenced by southern faunal elements.
No reliable records of two species, Carassius
langsdorfi and Misugumus anguillicaudatus, havebeen reported from Yaku-shima Island for the last
70 years since Ogawa (1937). These species aremost likely to be already extinct or exist only as
an extremely small population on the island. Two
introduced species, Oncorhynchus masou masou
and Tribolodon hakonensis, were confirmed to beestablished at Yaku-shima Island. Interestingly,260

however, major introduced species, such as twocentrarchids, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque,1819 and Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède,1802) and a poeciliid, Gambusia affinis (Bairdand Girard, 1853), widely distributed elsewhere in
Japan, have never been recorded from Yaku-shimaIsland.
Of the 32 fish species recorded from Yakushima Island, the following 15 are listed on the2003 Kagoshima Red Data Book by the Environment and Citizens Affairs Department, Kagoshima Prefectural Office, and/or the 2007 Red
List by the Ministry of Environment, Japan: Anguilla japonica (— in 2003 Kagoshima Red Data
Book/DD in 2007 Red List), Misugumus anguillicaudatus (CR+EN/—), Plecoglossus altivelis
altivelis (VU/—), Oryzias latipes (CR+EN/VU),
Kuhlia boninensis (DD/EN), Rhyacichthys aspro(CR+EN/CR), Ophieleotris sp. (CR+EN/EN),
Lentipes armatus (CR+EN/CR), Rhinogobius
sp. DL (NT/—), Schismatogobius ampluvinculus(CR+EN/EN), Sicyopterus lagocephalus (VU/
EN), Sicyopus leprurus (CR+EN/CR), Sicyopus
zosterophorus (CR+EN/CR), Stiphodon atropurpureus (CR+EN/CR), and Stiphodon surrufus(DD/DD). In addition to more research of Yakushima Island’s freshwater ichthyofauna, conservation measures are required to protect rare species
and populations from threats such as water pollution and introduced species.
Acknowledgments
We are especially grateful to T. Kishino (Office of River Ecological Research, Kyoto) and N.
Horiki (Fisheries Department, Wakayama Prefectural Office, Wakayama) for their assistancewith collecting fishes from Yaku-shima Island.
We thank K. Morita (Hokkaido National Fisheries
Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency,
Hokkaido) and S. Harazaki (Diving Service Morito Umi, Kagoshima) for providing photographsof some species, S. Raredon (USNM) for taking
Figure 2, Y. Ikeda and K. Sugiyama (Biological
Laboratory of Imperial Household, Tokyo) for
cataloging some specimens from Yaku-shima Island, K. Kuriiwa and Y. Takata (NSMT) and students of KAUM for curatorial assistance, and G.
Yearsley (Hobart) for reviewing the manuscript.

Freshwater fishes of Yaku-shima Island

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H. Motomura and K. Matsuura (eds) Fishes of Yaku-shima Island
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 10 March 2010

Kurio, Yaku-shima Island (photos by H. Motomura)263

Back cover image: Microcanthus strigatus, off Isso, Yaku-shima Island (photo by S. Harazaki)
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