DISTRIBUTORINSTRUCTION MANUAL

Kyoritsu reserves the rights to change specifications or designs described in thismanual without notice and without obligations.

MULTI-FUNCTION TESTERKEW 6016
06-1992-1959E

CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Safe Testing ............................................................................................................. 1
Instruments Layout .................................................................................................. 3
Accessories ............................................................................................................. 5
Features .................................................................................................................. 6
Specification ............................................................................................................ 8
5.1 Measurement Specification .............................................................................. 8
5.2 Operating error ............................................................................................... 11
5.3 General Specification ..................................................................................... 13
5.4 Applied standards ........................................................................................... 14
5.5 List of Display Message ................................................................................. 15
6. Configuration ......................................................................................................... 16
7. Continuity(resistance) tests ................................................................................... 17
7.1 Test procedure ............................................................................................... 17
7.2 2Ω Buzzer ..................................................................................................... 19
8. Insulation tests ...................................................................................................... 20
8.1.1 The nature of insulation resistance ............................................................. 20
8.1.2 Capacitive current ....................................................................................... 20
8.1.3 Conduction current ...................................................................................... 21
8.1.4 Surface leakage current .............................................................................. 21
8.1.5 Total leakage current ................................................................................... 21
8.2 Damage to voltage sensitive equipment ........................................................ 22
8.3 Preparation for measurement ........................................................................ 23
8.4 Insulation resistance measurement ............................................................... 23
9. LOOP/PSC/PFC test ............................................................................................. 26
9.1 Principles of measurement of fault loop impedance and PFC ....................... 26
9.2 Principles of measurement of line impedance and PSC ................................ 31
9.3 Operating instructions for LOOP and PSC/PFC ............................................ 32
9.3.1 Initial Checks ............................................................................................... 32
9.3.2 Measurement of LOOP and PSC/PFC ........................................................ 34
10. RCD tests .............................................................................................................. 37
10.1 Principles of RCD Measurement .................................................................. 37
10.2 Principles of Uc Measurement ..................................................................... 39
10.3 Operating Instructions for RCD .................................................................... 39
10.3.1 Initial Checks ............................................................................................. 39
10.3.2 RCD Measurement ................................................................................... 41

21. CASE AND STRAP ASSEMBLY
Correct assembly is shown in Fig 54, 55 and 56. By hanging the instrument round theneck, both hands will be left free for testing.
1. Attach the Buckle to the KEW6016 as shown in Fig.54.

Match the hole of the Buckle andthe protrusion at the side face of
KEW6016, and slide it upwards.

Fig.54

2. How to install the Strap belt

Pass the strap belt down throughthe buckle from the top, and up.

Fig.55

3. How to fasten the Strap belt
Pass the strap through thebuckle, adjust the strap for lengthand secure.

Fig.5656

11. Earth tests ............................................................................................................. 43
11.1 Principles of Earth Measurement ................................................................. 43
11.2 Earth resistance Measurement .................................................................... 43
12. Phase Rotation tests ............................................................................................. 45
13. Volts ....................................................................................................................... 46
14. Touch Pad ............................................................................................................. 46
15. Back Light ............................................................................................................. 46
16. Memory Function .................................................................................................. 47
16.1 How to save the data ................................................................................... 47
16.2 Recall the saved data ................................................................................... 49
16.3 Delete the saved data .................................................................................. 50
16.4 Transfer the stored data to PC ..................................................................... 52
17. General ................................................................................................................. 53
18. Battery replacement .............................................................................................. 54
19. Fuse replacement ................................................................................................. 54
20. Servicing ............................................................................................................... 55
21. Case and strap assembly ...................................................................................... 56

The KEW6016 incorporates Anti Trip Technology (ATT) which electronically bypasses
RCDs when performing loop impedance tests. This saves time and money by not having
to take the RCD out of the circuit during testing and is a safer procedure to follow.
With the ATT function enabled , a test of 15mA or less is applied between line & earth.
It enables loop impedance measurements without tripping RCDs rated at 30mA andabove.
Please read this instruction manual carefully before using this equipment.

1. SAFE TESTINGElectricity is dangerous and can cause injury and death. Always treat it with thegreatest of respect and care. If you are not quite sure how to proceed, stop andtake advice from a qualified person.
1

This instrument must only be used by a competent and trained person and operated
in strict accordance with the instructions. KYORITSU will not accept liability for any
damage or injury caused by misuse or non-compliance with the instructions or withthe safety procedures.
2 It is essential to read and to understand the safety rules contained in these
instructions. They must always be observed when using the instrument.
3 This instrument is designed to work in distribution systems where the line to earth
has a maximum voltage of 300V 50/60Hz and for some ranges where line to line
has a maximum voltage of 500V 50/60Hz.
Be sure to use it within this rated voltage.
For use in the continuity testing and insulation testing modes this instrument must
be used ONLY on circuits which are de-energized.
4 When conducting tests do not touch any exposed metalwork associated with the
installation. Such metalwork may become live for the duration of the test.
5 Never open the instrument case (except for fuse and battery replacement and in
this case disconnect all leads first) because dangerous voltages are present. Only
fully trained and competent electrical engineers should open the case. If a fault
develops, return the instrument to your distributor for inspection and repair.
6 If the overheat symbol appears in the display disconnect the instrument from themains supply and allow to cool down.
7 If abnormal conditions of any sort are noted (such as a faulty display, unexpected
readings, broken case, cracked test leads, etc) do not use the tester and return it toyour distributor for repair.
8 For safety reasons only use accessories (test leads, probes, fuses, cases, etc)
designed to be used with this instrument and recommended by KYORITSU. The
use of other accessories is prohibited as they are unlikely to have the correct safety
features.
9 When testing, always be sure to keep your fingers behind the finger guards on thetest leads.
10 During testing it is possible that there may be a momentary degradation of thereading due to the presence of excessive transients or discharges on the electricalsystem under test. Should this be observed, the test must be repeated to obtain acorrect reading. If in doubt, contact your distributor.

1

11 Do not operate the function selector while the instrument is connected to a circuit.
If, for example, the instrument has just completed a continuity test and an insulation
test is to follow, disconnect the test leads from the circuit before moving the selector
switch.
12 Do not rotate rotary switch when test button is depressed. If the function switch isinadvertently moved to a new function when the test button is depressed or in lockdown position the test in progress will be halted.
13 Always check the test lead resistance before carrying out tests. This ensures theleads are ok before taking measurements. The resistance of leads and/or crocodile
clips may be significant when measuring low resistances. If crocodile clips can be
avoided for low resistance measurements, this will reduce the error due to lead
accessories
14 When carrying out Insulation Resistance tests, always release the test button andwait for charged capacitances to totally discharge before removing the test leads
from the test circuit.

22. INSTRUMENT LAYOUT

(1)

(6)
(7)
(8)

(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Fig.1

(9)

Name

Operation(1) Back Light Button

Switches on/off the Backlight of the Display(LCD)(2) Test Button

Starts measurements. (press and rotate for lockdown feature)(3) Touch Pad

Checks the electrical potential at the PE terminal(4) Power Switch

Power Switch(5) Function Switch

Function setting (F1 ~ F4)(6) Display (LCD)

Dot Matrix LCD 160(W)X240(H)(7) Insulation resistance LED

Alerts that the test voltage is being output(8) Rotary Switch

Selects measurement functions.

(9) MEM (ESC) Button

Activates Memory Function, or ESC Key

3

Input Terminal
(4)
(1)
(2)
(3)

(1)

Fig.2

Function

Terminal

Terminal Names for :INSULATION,CONTINUITYLOOP,
PFC/PSC,
RCD,
VOLTS

L : Line
PE : Protective EarthN : Neutral (for LOOP,PSC/PFC, RCD)

L1 : Line1(2)

Terminal Name for
PHASE ROTATION

L2 : Line2
L3 : Line3
H(C) : Terminal for auxiliary earth spike (current)(3)

Terminal Name for
EARTH

E : Terminal for the earth under test
S(P) : Terminal for auxiliary earth spike (potential)(4)

Optical Adapter

Communication port for Model8212USB

4

3. Accessories
1.Main Test Lead (Model7218A)

Red(Line)
Green(Protective Earth)Blue(Neutral)

Fig.3

2.Remote Test Lead (Model 7281)

Fig.4
3.Distribution Board fused test lead (Model7188A)(Fuse: 10A/600V fast acting ceramic)
Red(Line or L1)

Green(Protective Earth or L2)
Blue(Neutral or L3)
Fig.5
4. Earth Tests Lead(Model7228A) and Auxiliary Earth Spikes
Red H(C) 20m
Green E 5m
Yellow S(P)10m
Fig.6

Fig.7

Auxiliary Earth Spikes x2

5.Test Lead Carry pouch･･･x1
6.Carrying Bag･･･x1
7.Instruction Manual･･･x1
8.Shoulder Strap･･･x1
9.Buckle･･･x2
10.Battery･･･x8
11.Model8212USB with PC Software KEW Report .

5

Fig.8 Model8212 USB

4. FEATURESThe KEW6016 Multi-Function tester performs eight functions in one instrument.
1 Continuity tester
2 Insulation resistance tester
3 Loop impedance tester
4 Prospective short circuit current tester
5 RCD tester
6 Voltage tester
7 Phase rotation tester
8 Earth tester
Continuity function has the following features:Live circuit warning
Live Circuit warning on the display.
Fuse Protection
Continuity Function has a fuse protection function toprevent a fuse blow at live working. With this function,a fuse rarely blow while measuring continuity on live
conductors.
Continuity Null
Allows automatic subtraction of test lead resistance fromcontinuity measurements.
Continuity 2Ω Buzzer
Buzzer sounds at 2Ω or less at Continuity function.
(Switchable on or off)
Insulation function has the following features:Live circuit warning
Live Circuit warning on the display.
Auto discharge
Electric charges stored in capacitive circuits aredischarged automatically after testing by releasing the test
button.
Insulation Resistance LED LED lights up while making measurements at Insulation
function and alerts that test voltage is being output.

6Loop impedance, PSC/PFC and RCD testing functions have the following features:
Wiring check
Three Wiring symbols indicate if the wiring of the circuitunder test is correct.
Over temperature protection Detects overheating of the internal resistor (used for
LOOP and PSC/PFC tests) and of the current control
MOS FET (used for RCD tests) displaying a warning
symbol and automatically halting further measurements.
Phase angle selector
The test can be selected from either the positive (0° )or from the negative (180° ) half cycle of voltage. This
selector is used in the RCD mode to obtain the maximum
trip time of an RCD for the test selected.
UL value selector
Select UL (limit of contact voltage) 25V or 50V. Where Uc(contact voltage) exceeds UL value at RCD testing, Uc >UL will be displayed without starting the measurement.
ALL testing functions have the following
Touch Pad
Gives an alert, when touching the Touch Pad, while thePE terminal is connected to Line by mistake.
Memory Function
Save the measured data in the internal memory.
The data can be edited on a PC by using Communication
Adapter Model8212USB and PC Software KEW Report .
Auto power off
Automatically switches the instrument off after a period of
approximately 10 minutes. The Auto power off mode canonly be cancelled by switching the instrument on again.

7

5. Specification
5.1 Measurement Specification
Continuity
Open Circuit
Voltage (DC)Short Circuit
Current
Greater than
200mA

Range

Accuracy0~0.19Ω
±0.1Ω
0.2~2000Ω ±(2%rdg+8dgt)
2Ω Buzzer : Buzzer sounds when measured resistance is 2Ω or less.
2Ω Buzzer Accuracy : 2Ω±0.4Ω(*1) Voltages are output when measurement resistance is under 2100 ohm.
5V±20%(*1)

20/200/2000Ω
Auto-Ranging

Insulation ResistanceOpen Circuit
Voltage (DC)Rated Current

Range

250V+25% -0%1mA or greater@ 250kΩ

20/200MΩ
Auto-Ranging

0~19.99MΩ:±(2%rdg+6dgt)
20~200MΩ:±(5%rdg+6dgt)

1mA or greater@ 500kΩ
1mA or greater@ 1MΩ

20/200/2000MΩ
Auto-Ranging
20/200/2000MΩ
Auto-Ranging

0~199.9MΩ:±(2%rdg+6dgt)
200~2000MΩ:±(5%rdg+6dgt)

500V+25% -0%1000V+20% -0%

Accuracy

Loop Impedance
Function

Rated
VoltageNominal Test Current
at 0Ω External Loop:
Magnitude/Duration(*2)

L-PE

100~260V
50/60Hz20Ω: 6A/20ms
200Ω: 2A/20ms
2000Ω: 15mA/500ms

L-PE
(ATT)

100~260V
50/60Hz

20/200/2000Ω
L-N: 6A/60ms±(3%rdg+6dgt) *3
Auto-Ranging
N-PE: 10mA/approx. 5s±(3%rdg+8dgt) *4(L-N < 20Ω)

50/60Hz
L-N / L-L L-N:100~300V
L-L:300~500V

20Ω: 6A/20ms*2: at 230V
*3: 230V+10%-15%*4: voltages except for *3

8

Range

Accuracy

20/200/2000Ω ±(3%rdg+4dgt) *3
Auto-Ranging ±(3%rdg+8dgt) *420Ω

±(3%rdg+4dgt) *3±(3%rdg+8dgt) *4

PSC (L-N/L-L) / PFC (L-PE)
Function

Rated
Voltage

PSC

100~500V
50/60HzPFC

100~260V
50/60Hz

PFC(ATT)

100~260V
50/60Hz

Nominal Test Current
at 0Ω External Loop:
Magnitude/Duration(*5)

Range

Accuracy

PSC/PFC
accuracy isderived from
6A/20ms
measured loop
2000A/20kA
2A/20ms
impedance
Auto-Ranging
15mA/500ms
specification andmeasured voltage
L-N: 6A/60ms
specification
N-PE: 10mA/approx. 5s
6A/20ms*5: at 230V
RCD
Function

Accuracy
Trip Current

Rated Voltage

AC Type

A TypeX1/2-8%~-2%-10%~0%X1+2%~+8%0%~+10%+2%~+8%0%~+10%

X5
Ramp(◢)

Auto

230V+10%-15%
50/60Hz

Trip Time±(1%rdg+3dgt)

±4%
± 10%
Depending on the accuracy at each function.
Measurement sequence:
X1/2 0°→X1/2 180°→X1 0°→X1 180°→X5 0°→X5 180°
Measurements with x5 are not carried out for RCDs with nominal
current of 100mA or more.

RCD(Uc)Function

Rated Voltage

Range

Test Current

AccuracyUC

230V+10%-15%
50/60Hz100.0V≦ 1/2I⊿n(max150mA)+5% ~ +15%rdg
±8dgt

9

RCD Trip Current Duration
Function

X1/2

X1

Trip
Current
Duration
(ms)

X5

Ramp
(◢)

Type
G
S
G
S
G
S
G
S

AC
A
AC
A
AC
A
AC
A
AC
A
AC
A
AC
A
AC
A

RCD Trip Current Duration
10
30
100
300
500
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
550
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
410
410
410
n.a
n.a
410
410
410
n.a
n.a
410
410
410
n.a
n.a
410
410
410
n.a
n.a
Goes up by 10% from 20% to 110%300ms×10 times
Goes up by 10% from 20% to 110%500ms×10 times

1000
2000
n.a
n.a
n.a
550
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a
n.a

Earth
Measuring
Frequency

Range

825Hz

20/200/2000Ω
Auto-Ranging

Accuracy20Ω range : ±(3%rdg+0.1Ω)
200/2000Ω range : ±(3%rdg+3dgt)(Auxiliary earth resistance 100±5%)

PHASE ROTATION
Rated Voltage

Remarks

50-500V
50/60Hz

Correct phase sequence: are displayed 1.2.3 andmark
Reversed phase sequence: are displayed 3.2.1 and
mark

Volts
Function

Rated voltage

Measuring Range

AccuracyVolts

25~500V
45~65Hz25~500V±(2%rdg+4dgt)

Frequency

25~500V
45~65Hz45~65Hz±(0.5%rdg+2dgt)

10

Possible number of tests with fresh batteries.
Continuity:Approx. 2000 times min. at load 1Ω
Insulation Resistance:Approx. 1000 times min. at load 1MΩ (1000V)
LOOP/PFC/PSC:Approx. 1000 times min. (ATT)RCD:Approx. 2000 times min. (G-AC X1 30mA)
EARTH:Approx. 1000 times min. at load 10Ω
VOLT/PHASE ROTATION :Approx. 50H
Reference Conditions
Ambient temperature

23±5℃

Relative humidity

45% to 75%

Nominal system voltage and frequency

230V, 50Hz

AltitudeLess than 2000m

5.2 Operating error
Continuity (EN61557-4)
Operating range compliant with
EN61557-4 operating error

Maximum percentage
operating error

0.20~1999MΩ

±30%

The influencing variations used for calculating the operating error are denoted asfollows;
Temperature : 0 ℃ and 35 ℃
Supply voltage : 8V to 13.8V
Insulation Resistance(EN61557-2)
Volt

Operating range compliant with
EN61557-2 operating error

250V

0.25~199.9MΩ

500V

0.50~1999MΩ

1000V

1.00~1999MΩ

Maximum percentage
operating error±30%

The influencing variations used for calculating the operating error are denoted asfollows;
Temperature : 0 ℃ and 35 ℃
Supply voltage : 8V to 13.8V

11

Loop Impedance(EN61557-3)
Volt

Operating range compliant with
EN61557-3 operating error

L-PE

0.50~1999Ω

L-N

0.50~19.99Ω

Maximum percentage
operating error±30%

The influencing variations used for calculating the operating error are denoted asfollows;
Temperature : 0 ℃ and 35 ℃
Phase angle : At a phase angle 0° to 18°
System frequency : 49.5Hz to 50.5Hz
System voltage : 230V+10%-15%
Supply voltage : 8V to 13.8V
Harmonics : 5% of 3rd harmonic at 0° phase angle
5% of 5th harmonic at 180° phase angle
5% of 7th harmonic at 0° phase angle
D.C quantity : 0.5% of the nominal voltage
RCD(EN61557-6)
Function

Operating error of trip current

X1/2-10%~0%

X1, X50%~+10%Ramp-10%~+10%

The influencing variations used for calculating the operating error are denoted as follows
Temperature : 0 ℃ and 35 ℃
Earth electrode Resistance (shall not exceed below) :IΔn (mA)

Earth electrode resistance (Ω max.)
UL50V

UL25V

10

2000

2000

30

600

600

100

200

200

300

130

65

500

80

40

1000

40

20
Table.1

System voltage: 230V+10%-15%
Supply voltage : 8V to 13.8V

12

Earth Resistance (EN61557-5)
Operating range compliant with
EN61557-5 operating error

Maximum percentage operating error

5.00~1999Ω

±30%

The influencing variations used for calculating the operating error are denoted asfollows;
Temperature : 0 ℃ and 35 ℃
Series interference voltage : 3V
Resistance of the probes and auxiliary
earth electrode resistance : 100 x RA, 50kΩ or less
Supply voltage : 8V to 13.8V
5.3 General specification
Instrument dimensions

235 X 136 X 114mm

Instrument weight:-

1350g (including batteries.)

Reference conditions

Specifications are based on the following
conditions except where otherwise stated:1. Ambient temperature: 23±5° C:
2. Relative humidity 45% to 75%
3. Position: horizontal
4. AC power source 230V, 50Hz
5. DC power source: 12.0 V, ripple content 1% or less
6. Altitude up to 2000m, Indoor use

Battery type

Eight LR6 or R6 batteries.

Operating temperatureand humidity.

0 to +40℃ , relative humidity 80% or less, no condensation

Storage temperatureand humidity-20 to +60 ℃ , relative humidity 75% or less, no condensation.

Display

Dot Matrix LCD 160(W) X 240(H) pixels.

Overload protection

The continuity test circuit is protected by a 0.5A/600V
fast acting (HRC) ceramic fuse mounted in the battery
compartment, where a spare fuse is also stored.
The insulation resistance test circuit is protected by aresistor against 1000 V AC for 10 seconds.

13

5.4 Applied standards
Instrument operating Standard

IEC/EN61557-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10

Safety standard

IEC/EN 61010-1, 61010-2-030,
CATIII (300V) -Instrument
IEC/EN 61010-031
CATII (250V)-Test Lead Model7218A
CATIII (600V)-Test Lead Model7188A
CATIII (1000V)-Test Lead Model7281
CATIII (300V)-Test Lead Model7228A

Protection degree

IEC 60529 IP54

EMC

EN 61326-1
EN 55022/24

RoHS

EN 50581

This manual and product may use the following symbols adopted from International
Safety Standards;
CAT.III
Measurement category CAT III applies to;Primary electrical circuits of the equipment connected directly to the
distribution panel, and feeders from the distribution panel to outlets.



Equipment protected throughout by DOUBLE INSULATION or
REINFORCED INSULATION;

Caution (refer to accompanying documents)
Caution, risk of electric shock
Protection against wrong connection is up to 500V

Earth Ground14

5.5 List of Display Message
Low battery warning
Temperature monitor for internal resistance, available atLoop, PSC/PFC & RCD function. Further measurements are
suspended until thesymbol disappears.

Measuring

Measurements in progress

Live Circuit

Live circuit warning (Continuity / Insulation Function)

PE Hi V

Caution : Presence of 100V or more at PE terminal, appears
when touching the Touch Pad

L-N >20Ω

Alert : Presence of 20Ω or more between Line - Neutral at ATT
measurement

Noise

Caution : Presence of noise in the circuit under test during ATT
measurement. ATT function should be disabled to continue
measurements.

N - PE Hi V

Caution: Presence of high voltage between NEUTRAL - EARTH
during ATT measurement. ATT function should be disabled tocontinue measurements.

Uc > UL

Caution : Uc at RCD measurement is exceeding the preset UL
value (25 or 50V).

noError message : When on the RCD function, RCD tripped before
measuring RCD trip time. Selected IΔn value may not becorrect.
When on the LOOP, PSC/PFC function, supply may have beeninterrupted.
Wiring check for LOOP, PSC/PFC function
OK

Appears when all results passed during the RCD Auto Test
function.

× NOAppears when any results failed during the RCD Auto Test
function.

RH Hi, RS Hi

Appears when a Probe resistance of H terminal (RH) or of S
terminal (RS) at Earth measurement is exceeded the measurable
range.

No 3-phase system

Appears to indicate wrong connection at Phase Rotation check.

15

6. Configuration
Setting for following three parameters● UL value････････Selects a UL value for RCD function● Touch Pad･･････Enables / disables Touch Pad function● Back Light･･････Selects Backlight ON / OFF. When ON is selected, the Backlight
automatically turns on at powering on the instrument.
● Language ･･････ Select and change the languages to be displayed.

Setting method
2. Then, Configuration
Screen (Fig.10) is
displayed.

1. Press the Config Button(F4) when powering on
KEW6016. (Fig.9)

Configuration

KEW 6016
MULTI FUNCTIONTESTER

Config

Push

UL :

50V

Touch Pad :ON

Back Light :OFF

Language :(EN)

Fig.10Fig.9

3. Press the F1 – F4 Button to change following setting.
Parameter

Selection

Initial value

F1

UL value

25V, 50V

50V

F2Touch Pad

ON, OFFON

F3Back Light

OFF

F4

Language

ON, OFF
EN, FR, PL,
IT, ES, RU, TR

4. Press the ESC Button (normal screen.

EN

EN: English
FR: French
IT : Italian
ES: Spanish
RU: Russian
PL: Polish
TR: Turkish) when setting change is completed, and return to the16

7. CONTINUITY (RESISTANCE) TESTS# WARNING
Ensure that circuits to be tested are not live.
Disconnect the instrument from the circuit under test before operating thefunction switch.
To select the low resistance range select CONTINUITY .
7.1 Test Procedure
The object of continuity testing is to measure only the resistance of the parts of thewiring system under test. This measurement should not include the resistance of any
test leads used. The resistance of the test leads needs to be subtracted from any
continuity measurement. The KEW6016 is provided with a continuity null feature whichallows automatic compensation for any test lead resistance.
You should only use the test leads supplied with the instrument.
Operation of Function SwitchΩ
NULL OFFON

F1

Switches on / off NULL function

F2

Switches on / off 2Ω buzzer

F3

N/A

F4

N/A

Fig.11
Proceed as follows:1 Select the continuity test by rotating the Rotary switch.
2 Insert the Test Leads to the L and PE terminal on KEW6016 respectively as shown in
Fig.12.

Red

L terminal
Red cord of Model7188A, or
Model7281 Remote Test LeadPE terminal
Green cord of Model7188A

Green
Fig.123 Connect the ends of the test leads firmly together (see Fig.13) and press and lockdown the test button. The value of the lead resistance will be displayed.

17

Measuring

Ω

NULL
ON

Measuring
NULL

Ω

ON

Fig.134 Operate the Continuity Null (F1) button, this will null out the lead resistance and theindicated reading should go to zero.
5 Release the test button. Press the test button and ensure the display reads zero
before proceeding. While using the Continuity null function, NULL
is displayedon the LCD as indicated in Fig.13. The null value will be stored even if the instrument
is powered off. This memorized null value can be cancelled by disconnecting thetest leads and pushing the Continuity Null button (F1) with the test button pressed or
locked. When this is cancelled you will know because NULL OFF is displayed on the
LCD.
CAUTION - before taking any measurements always check the leads have been
zeroed.
6 Connect the test leads to the circuit whose resistance is required (see Fig.14 for atypical connection arrangement), having first made sure that the circuit is not live.
Note that Live Circuit warning will be displayed on the LCD if the circuit is live - butcheck first anyway!
7 Press the test button and read the circuit resistance from the display. The reading
will have the test lead resistance already subtracted if the Continuity null function has
been used.
8 Note that if the circuit resistance is greater than 20Ω the instrument will autorange tothe 200Ω, if it is greater than 200Ω it will autorange to the 2000Ω range.
Note: If the reading is greater than 2000Ω the overange symbol > will remain
displayed.
# WARNING
The results of measurements can be adversely affected by impedances ofadditional operating circuits connected in parallel or by transient currents.

18

PE

PE
MAIN EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING

WATER
GAS

Ω
NULL
ON

Fig.14 Example of continuity test for main equipotential bonding.
7.2 2Ω Buzzer () function
Use F2 Button to enable / disable the 2Ω Buzzer. The buzzer sounds when measured
resistance is 2Ω or less while this function is enabled. The buzzer does not sound if it isdisabled.

198. INSULATION TESTS# WARNING
Ensure that circuits to be tested are not live.
Disconnect the instrument from the circuit under test before operating thefunction switch.
To select the insulation resistance range select INSULATION .
8.1.1 The nature of insulation resistanceLive conductors are separated from each other and from earth metal by insulation,
which has a resistance which is high enough to ensure that the current between
conductors and to earth is kept at an acceptably low level. Ideally insulation resistanceis infinite and no current should be able to flow through it. In practice, there will normally
be a current between live conductors and to earth, and this is known as leakage current.
This current is made up of three components, which are:1. capacitive current
2. conduction current, and3. surface leakage current.
8.1.2 Capacitive Current
The insulation between conductors which have a potential difference between them
behaves as the dielectric of a capacitor, the conductors acting as the capacitor plates.
When a direct voltage is applied to the conductors, a charging current will flow to thesystem which will die away to zero (usually in less than a second) when the effective
capacitor becomes charged. This charge must be removed from the system at theend of the test, a function which is automatically performed by the KEW6016. If
an alternating voltage is applied between the conductors, the system continuously
charges and discharges as the applied voltage alternates, so that there is a continuousalternating leakage current flowing to the system.

Fig.1520

8.1.3 Conduction Current
Since the insulation resistance is not infinite, a small leakage current flows through theinsulation between conductors. Since Ohm's Law applies, the leakage current can becalculated from

Fig.168.1.4 Surface Leakage Current
Where insulation is removed, for the connection of conductors and so on, current willflow across the surfaces of the insulation between the bare conductors. The amount ofleakage current depends on the condition of the surfaces of the insulation between the
conductors.
If the surfaces are clean and dry, the value of the leakage current will be very small.
Where the surfaces are wet and/or dirty, the surface leakage current may be significant.
If it becomes large enough, it may constitute a flashover between the conductors.
Whether this happens depends on the condition of the insulation surfaces and on theapplied voltage; this is why insulation tests are carried out at higher voltages than thosenormally applying to the circuit concerned.

Fig.17
8.1.5 Total Leakage Current
The total leakage current is the sum of the capacitive, conduction and surface leakage
current described above. Each of the currents, and hence the total leakage current, isaffected by factors such as ambient temperature, conductor temperature, humidity andthe applied voltage.

21

If the circuit has alternating voltage applied, the capacitive current (8.1.2) will always bepresent and can never be eliminated. This is why a direct voltage is used for insulation
resistance measurement, the leakage current in this case quickly falling to zero so that it
has no effect on the measurement. A high voltage is used because this will often break
down poor insulation and cause flashover due to surface leakage (see 8.1.4), thus
showing up potential faults which would not be present at lower levels.
The insulation tester measures the applied voltage level and the leakage current
through the insulation. These values are internally calculated to give the insulation
resistance using the expression:-As the capacitance of the system charges up, so the charging current falls to zero and asteady insulation resistance reading indicates that the capacitance of the system is fully
charged. The system is charged to the full test voltage, and will be dangerous if left withthis charge. The KEW6016 provides an automatic path for discharging current as soon
as the test button is released to ensure that the circuit under test is safely discharged.
If the wiring system is wet and/or dirty, the surface leakage component of the leakage
current will be high, resulting in low insulation resistance reading. In the case of a verylarge electrical installation, all the individual circuit insulation resistances are effectively
in parallel and the overall resistance reading will be low. The greater the number ofcircuits connected in parallel the lower will be the overall insulation resistance.
8.2 Damage to Voltage-Sensitive Equipment
An increasing number of electronic-based items of equipment are being connected
to electrical installations. The solid state circuits in such equipment are likely to bedamaged by the application of the levels of voltage used to test insulation resistance. To
prevent such damage, it is important that voltage-sensitive equipment is disconnectedfrom the installation before the test is carried out and reconnected again immediately
afterwards. The devices which may need to be disconnected before the test include:● Electronic fluorescent starter switches● Passive infra-red detectors (PIRs)● Dimmer switches● Touch switches● Delay timers● Power controllers● Emergency lighting units● Electronic RCDs
● Computers and printers● Electronic point-of-sale terminals (cash registers)● Any other device which includes electronic components.

228.3 Preparation for measurement
Before testing, always check the following:1 The low battery Indication is not displayed
2 There is no visually obvious damage to the tester or to the test leads
3 Test the continuity of the test leads by switching to continuity test and shorting out
the lead ends. A high reading will indicate that there is a faulty lead or that the fuse isblown.
4 Make sure the circuit to be tested is not live. Live Circuit warning is displayed if
the instrument is connected to a live circuit but test the circuit as well!
Operation of Function Switch
F1

N/A

F2

N/A

F3

N/A

F4

Voltage setting

Fig.188.4 Insulation resistance measurement
The KEW6016 has three selectable test voltages of 250V, 500V and 1000V DC.
1 Select INSULATION function with the Rotary switch.
2. Press the VOLT Switch (F4) and select desirable voltage range.
3. Insert the Test Leads to the L and PE terminal on KEW6016 respectively as shown in
Fig.19.

L terminal
Red cord of Model7188A, or
Model7281 Remote Test LeadPE terminal
Green cord of Model7188A
Fig.1923

4 Attach the test leads to the circuit or the appliance under test (see Figs 20 & 21)

MΩ

1000V

Fig.20 Example of Insulation resistance test on 4 wire-3 phase system.
5 If the Live Circuit warning is displayed on the LCD and/or the buzzer sounds, do
not press the test button but disconnect the instrument from the circuit. Make thecircuit dead before proceeding.

MΩ

1000V

Fig.21
6 Press the test button, the display will show the insulation resistance of the circuit or
the appliance to which the instrument is connected.
7 Note that if the circuit resistance is greater than 20MΩ, the instrument will autorange
to the 200MΩ range. If it is greater than 200MΩ at the 500V or 1000V range, it will
autorange to the 2000MΩ range.
8 When testing is complete release the test button before disconnecting the test leads
from the circuit or from the appliance. This will ensure that the charge built up by thecircuit or the appliance during insulation test is dissipated in the discharge circuit. In
the discharging process, Live Circuit warning will be displayed on the LCD and thelive circuit warning buzzer will sound.

24

# WARNING● Never touch the circuit, test lead tips or the appliance under test during insulation
testing because high voltages exist.
# CAUTION● Never turn the Rotary switch while the test button is depressed as this may damage
the instrument.
● Always release the test button first after testing before removing the test leads fromthe circuit. This is to ensure that charges stored in the circuit capacitance have been
totally discharged.

Note: If the reading measured greater than 2000MΩ (200MΩ at 250V) the over range
reading > will be displayed.

25

9. LOOP/ PSC/PFC
9.1 Principles of measurement of fault loop impedance and PFC
If an electrical installation is protected by over-current protective devices including circuit
breakers or fuses, the earth loop impedance should be measured.
In the event of a fault the earth fault loop impedance should be low enough (and theprospective fault current high enough) to allow automatic disconnection of the electricalsupply by the circuit protection device within a prescribed time interval. Every circuit
must be tested to ensure that the earth fault loop impedance value does not exceed thatspecified or appropriate for the over-current protective device installed in the circuit. The
KEW6016 takes a current from the supply and measures the difference between theunloaded and loaded supply voltages. From this difference it is possible to calculate theloop resistance.

TT System
For a TT system the earth fault loop impedance is the sum of the following impedances;● Impedance of the power transformer secondary winding.
● Impedance of the phase conductor resistance from the power transformer to thelocation of the fault.
● The impedance of the protective conductor from the fault location to the earthsystem.
● Resistance of the local earth system (R).
● Resistance of the power transformer earth system (Ro).
The figure below shows (dotted line) the Fault loop impedance for TT systems.

Fig.2226

According to the International Standard IEC 60364, for TT systems the characteristics ofthe protective device and the circuit resistance shall fulfill the following requirements:
Ra x Ia ≤ 50V

Where:Ra is the sum of the resistances in Ω of the local earth system and the protective
conductor for the exposed conductive parts.
50 is the maximum safety touch voltage limit (it can be 25V in particular cases likeconstruction sites, agricultural premises, etc.).
Ia is the current causing the automatic disconnection of the protective device within the
maximum disconnecting times required by IEC 60364-41:- 200 ms for final circuits not exceeding 32A (at 230 / 400V AC)- 1000 ms for distribution circuits and circuits over 32A (at 230 / 400V AC)
The compliance with the above rules shall be verified by:
1) Measurement of the resistance Ra of the local earth system by Loop tester or Earthtester.
2) Verification of the characteristics and/or the effectiveness of the RCD associatedprotective device.

Generally in TT systems, RCDs shall be used as protective device and in this case, Ia
is the rated residual operating current I△n. For instance in a TT system protected by a
RCD the max Ra values are:Rated residual operating current I△n

30

100

300

500

1000

(mA)

RA (with touch voltage of 50V)

1667

500

167

100

50

(Ω)

RA (with touch voltage of 25V)

833

250

83

50

25

(Ω)

Shown below is a practical example of verification of the protection by RCD in a TT
system according to the international Standard IEC 60364.

27

L - PEΩ
230V
50.0Hz

ATT:ON
L-PE
L-N!

Fig.23For this example the max permissible value is 1667 Ω (RCD =30mA and contact
voltage limit of 50 V). The instruments reads 12.74 Ω, thus the condition RA ≤ 50/Ia
is respected. However, considering that the RCD is essential for protection, it must be
tested (Please refer to RCD TESTS section).

TN System
For TN systems the earth fault loop impedance is the sum of the following impedances.
● Impedance of the power transformer secondary winding.
● Impedance of the phase conductor from the power transformer to the location of thefault.
● Impedance of the protective conductor from the fault location to the powertransformer.
The figure below shows (dotted line) the Fault loop impedance for TN systems.

Fig.2428

According to the International Standard IEC 60364, for TN system the characteristics ofthe protective device and the circuit impedance shall fulfill the following requirement:
Zs x Ia ≤ Uo

Where:

Zs is the Fault loop impedance in ohm.
Uo is the nominal voltage between phase to earth (typically 230V AC for both single
phase and three phase circuits).
Ia is the current causing the automatic disconnection of the protective device within the
maximum disconnecting times required by IEC 60364-41 that are:- 400 ms for final circuits not exceeding 32A (at 230 / 400V AC)- 5 s for distribution circuits and circuits over 32A (at 230 / 400V AC)

The compliance with the above rules shall be verified by:
1) Measurement of the fault loop impedance Zs by Loop tester.
2) Verification of the characteristics and/or the effectiveness of the associated protective
device. This verification shall be made:- for circuit-breakers and fuses, by visual inspection (i.e. short time or instantaneous
tripping setting for circuit-breakers, current rating and type for fuses);- for RCDs, by visual inspection and test using RCD testers recommending that thedisconnecting times mentioned above are met (Please see RCD TEST section).

For instance in a TN system with nominal mains voltage Uo = 230 V protected byGeneral purpose gG fuses or MCBs (Miniature Current Breakers) required by IEC 898 /EN 60898, the Ia and max Zs values could be:29

Protection by gG fuseswith Uo of 230V

Protection by MCBs with Uo of 230V
(Disconnection time 0.4 and 5s)

Disconnection Disconnection Characteristic Characteristic Characteristic
time 5stime 0.4s
BC
D
Rating
(A)
Ia
Zs
Ia
Zs
Ia
Zs
Ia
Zs
Ia
Zs
(A)
(Ω)
(A)
(Ω)
(A)
(Ω)
(A)
(Ω)
(A)
(Ω)
6

17

13.5

38

8.52

30

7.67

60

3.83

120

1.92

10

31

7.42

45

5.11

50

4.6

100

2.3

200

1.15

16

55

4.18

85

2.7

80

2.87

160

1.44

320

0.72

20

79

2.91

130

1.77

100

2.3

200

1.15

400

0.57

25

100

2.3

160

1.44

125

1.84

250

0.92

500

0.46

32

125

1.84

221

1.04

160

1.44

320

0.72

640

0.36

40

170

1.35

--

--

200

1.15

400

0.57

800

0.29

50

221

1.04

--

--

250

0.92

500

0.46

1000

0.23

63

280

0.82

--

--

315

0.73

630

0.36

1260

0.18

80

403

0.57

--

--

100

548

0.42

--

--

The most complete loop testers or Multifunction testers also have the Prospective Fault
current measurement. In this case, Prospective Fault current measured with instruments
must be higher than the tabulated Ia of the protective device concerned.
Below is a practical example of verification of the protection by MCB in a TN system
according to the international Standard IEC 60364.

L-PE

Ω
230V
50.0Hz

ATT:ON
L-PE
L-N!

Fig.2530

Max value of Zs for this example is 1.44 Ω (MCB 16A, characteristic C), the instrument
reads 1.14 Ω (or 202 A on Fault current range) it means that the condition
Zs x Ia ≤ Uo is respected.
In fact the Zs of 1.14 Ω is less than 1.44 Ω (or the Fault current of 202 A is more than Iaof 160A).
In other words, in case of fault between phase and earth, the wall socket tested in thisexample is protected because the MCB will trip within the disconnection time required.

9.2 Principles of the measurement of line impedance and PSC
The method for measuring Line – neutral impedance and line-line impedance is exactly
the same as for earth fault loop impedance measurement with the exception that themeasurement is carried out between line and neutral or line and line.
Prospective short circuit or fault current at any point within an electrical installationis the current that would flow in the circuit if no circuit protection operated and acomplete (very low impedance) short circuit occurred. The value of this fault current
is determined by the supply voltage and the impedance of the path taken by the fault
current. Measurement of prospective short circuit current can be used to check that theprotective devices within the system will operate within safety limits and in accordancewith the safe design of the installation. The breaking current capacity of any installed
protective device should be always higher than the prospective short circuit current.

A
PSC

L-N
230V
50.0Hz
L-PE
L-N!

Fig.2631

9.3. Operating instructions for LOOP and PSC/PFC
9.3.1 Initial Checks: to be carried out before any testing
1. Preparation
Always inspect your test instrument and lead accessories for abnormality or damage:If abnormal conditions exist DO NOT PROCEED WITH TESTING. Have the instrument
checked by your distributor.
Operation of Function Switch
LOOP

Ω
L-PE

230V
50.0Hz

ATT : ON
L-PE
L-N
!

Fig.27

F1

Switches measurement mode:
L-PE or L-N/L-L

F2

ATT setting (on or off)

F3

N/A

F4

N/A

F1

Switches measurement mode:
PFC or PSC

F2

ATT setting (on or off)

F3

N/A

F4

N/A

PSC/PFCAPFC

ATT:ON

L-PE
230V
50.0Hz
L-PE
L-N!

Fig.28(1) Operate the Power button and turn on the instrument. Turn the Function switch andset it to either the LOOP or PSC/PFC position.
(2) Insert the Test Lead into the instrument. (Fig.29)

Fig.2932

(3) Press the MODE switch(F1) and select L-N to measure Loop(L-N/L-L) or PSC
or select L-PE to measure earth loop impedance or PFC. Display changes
automatically as follows depending on the applied voltages while LOOP(L-N/L-L) or
PSC is selected.

Fig.30(4) Pressing the ATT switch (F2) disables ATT mode. Then ATT OFF is displayed on
the LCD.
● ATT(Anti Trip Technology) is to measure LOOP resistances without tripping the
RCDs rated at 30mA or more. ATT ON is displayed while it is activated.
2. Wiring Check
After the connection, ensure that the symbols for Wiring check on the LCD are in thestatus indicated in Fig.29 before pressing the test button.
If the status of the symbols for Wiring check differ from Fig.29 orsymbol isindicated on the LCD, DO NOT PROCEED AS THERE IS INCORRECT WIRING. The
cause of the fault must be investigated and rectified.
3. Voltage Measurement
When the instrument is first connected to the system, it will display the line-earth voltage(MODE L-PE) or line-neutral voltage (MODE L-N/L-L) which is updated every 1s. If thisvoltage is not normal or as expected, DO NOT PROCEED.

33

9.3.2 Measurement of LOOP and PSC/PFC
a. Measurement at Mains Socket Outlet
Connect the mains test lead to the instrument. Insert the moulded plug of mains test
lead into the socket to be tested. (see Fig.31)
Press MODE Switch (F1) and select L-N or PSC to measure between Line – Neutral,or L-PE or PFC to measure between Line-PE.
Carry out the initial checks
Press the test button. A beep will sound as the test is conducted and the value of loop
impedance will be displayed.
b. Measurement at the distribution board
Connect the distribution board lead Model7188A to the instrument.
Measurement of Line – Earth Loop Impedance and PFC
Press the Mode Switch (F1) and select L-PE or PFC.
Connect the green PE lead of the Model7188A to the earth, the blue N lead to theneutral of the distribution board and the brown L lead to one line of the distribution
board. (See Fig.32)
Measurement of Line – Neutral Loop Impedance and PSC
Press the Mode Switch (F1) and select L-N/L-L or PSC.
Connect the blue N lead of the Model7188A to the neutral of the distribution board,the brown L lead to one line of the distribution board. (See Fig.33)
Carry out the initial checks
Press the test button. A beep will sound as the test is conducted and the value of loop
impedance will be displayed. When disconnecting from the distribution board, it isgood practice to disconnect the line first.
c. Measurement between LINE-LINE
Connect the distribution board lead Model7188A to the instrument.
Press the Mode Switch(F1) and select L-N/L-L or PSC.
Connect the blue N lead of the Model7188A to the line of the distribution board, thebrown L lead to another line of the distribution board. (See Fig.34)
Carry out the initial checks
Press the test button. A beep will sound as the test is conducted and the value of loop
impedance will be displayed.
● If the display shows '>' then this usually means the value measured exceeds therange.
● ATT mode enables a measurement without tripping the RCDs with the rated residual
current of 30mA or more.

34

● Measurement in ATT mode requires longer time than that is required for the othermeasurements (approx. 7 sec). When measuring a circuit with a large electricalnoise, the 'Noise' Message is displayed on the LCD and the measurement time
will be extended to 20 sec. If the 'NOISE' symbol is displayed on the LCD, it isrecommended to disable the ATT mode and take a measurement (RCDs may trip).
● If an impedance of 20Ω or more is measured between L-N during measurementswith ATT enabled, L-N>20Ω is displayed on the LCD and no measurement can be
made. In this case, disable the ATT function and make measurement. When a large
contact voltage exists in the circuit under test, N-PE HiV is displayed on the LCD
and no measurement can be made. In this case, disable the ATT function and makemeasurement. Be aware that if the ATT mode is disabled, RCDs may trip.
● Measured result may be influenced depending on the phase angle of the distribution
system when making measurement near a transformer and the result may lower than
the actual impedance value. Errors in measured result are as follows.
System Phase
Difference

Error(approx.)

10°

-1.5%

20°

-6%

30°

-13%

● ATT mode is automatically enabled after one measurement when making ameasurement with ATT mode disabled.

L-PE

Ω
230V
50.0Hz

ATT:ON
L-PE
L-N!

Fig.31 Connection for using Outlet

35

PE

Ω
L-PE

230V
50.0Hz

ATT:ON
L-PE
L-N!

Fig.32 Connection for distribution

A
PSC

L-N
230V
50.0Hz
L-PE
L-N!

Fig.33 Connection for Line – Neutral measurement

A
PSC

L-L
400V
50.0Hz
L-PE
L-N!

Fig.34 Connection for Line – Line measurement36

10. RCD TESTS
10.1 Principles of RCD Measurement
The RCD tester is connected between phase and protective conductor on the load sideof the RCD after disconnecting the load.
A precisely measured current for a carefully timed period is drawn from the phase andreturns via the earth, thus tripping the device. The instrument measures and displays
the exact time taken for the circuit to be opened.
An RCD is a switching device designed for breaking currents when the residual current
attains a specific value. It works on the basis of the current difference between phasecurrents flowing to different loads and returning current flowing through the neutral
conductor (for a single-phase installation). In the case where the current difference is higher
than the RCD tripping current, the device will trip and disconnect the supply from the load.
There are two parameters for RCDs; the first due to the shape of the residual current wave
form (types AC and A) and the second due to the tripping time (types G and S).
●
RCD type AC will trip when presented with residual sinusoidal alternating currents
whether applied suddenly or slowly rising. This type is the most frequently used onelectrical installations.
●
RCD type A will trip when presented with residual sinusoidal alternating currents(similar to type AC) and residual pulsating direct currents (DC) whether suddenly
applied or slowly rising. This type of RCD is not commonly used at present, however,
it is increasing in popularity and is required by the local regulations in some countries.
Making measurement withsetting uses pulsating direct currents for test.
● RCD type G. In this case G stands for general type (without tripping time delay) andis for general use and applications.
●
RCD type S where S stands for selective type (with tripping time delay).This type of RCD
is specifically designed for installations where the time delay characteristic is required.
Given that when the protective device is an RCD, Ia is typically 5 times the rated
residual operating current I△n, then the RCD must be tested recommending thetripping time, measured by RCD testers or Multifunction testers, shall be lower than the
maximum disconnecting times required in IEC 60364-41 (see also LOOP/PSC/PFC
section) that are:TT system(at 230V / 400V AC)

200 ms for final circuits not exceeding 32A

TN system(at 230V / 400V AC)

400 ms for final circuits not exceeding 32A1000 ms for distribution circuits and circuits over 32A
5 s for distribution circuits and circuits over 32A

37

However it is also good practice to consider even more stringent trip time limits, by following
the standard values of trip times at I△n defined by IEC 61009 (EN 61009) and IEC 61008(EN 61008). These trip time limits are listed in the table below for IΔn and 5I△n:Type of RCD

IΔn

5IΔn

General(G)300ms
max allowed value

40ms
max allowed value

500ms
max allowed value

150ms
max allowed value

130ms
min allowed value

50ms
min allowed value

Selective(S)Examples of instrument connections
Practical example of 3-phase + neutral RCD test in a TT system.

×1
30 mA

ms
L-PE
230V
50.0HzUL50V

PHASE : °0

L-PE
L-N
!

Fig.35Practical example of single phase RCD test in a TN system.

×1
30 mA

PHASE : °0

ms
L-PE
230V
50.0Hz
UL50V
L-PE
L-N
!

Fig.3638

Practical example of RCD test with distribution leads.

PE

ms
×1
30 mA

L-PE
230V
50.0Hz
UL50V
L-PE
L-N

PHASE : 0°!

Fig.3710.2 Principles of Uc Measurement
Ground being imperfect in the Fig35, when R exists, when a fault current flows to R,
electric potential occurs. There is a possibility the person contacting in this imperfectground, it calls the voltage, which it occurs in the human body of this time, called Uc.
When with the Uc Test letting flow IΔN to the RCD, the Uc is calculated.
Uc voltage is calculated based on the Rated Residual Current (I△N) with the
impedance measured.

10.3 Operating Instructions for RCD
10.3.1 Initial Checks: to be carried out before any testing;
1. Preparation
Always inspect your test instrument and lead accessories for abnormality or damage:If abnormal conditions exist DO NOT PROCEED WITH TESTING. Have the instrument
checked by your distributor.
Operation of Function Switch
ms
×1 ／ 2
30 mA

L-PE
230V
50.0HzUL50V

PHASE : 0°

L-PE
L-N
!

F1

Measurement mode setting(X1/2, X1, X5, Ramp, Auto, Uc)

F2

IΔn setting

F3

RCD Type setting (F4

PHASE setting (0° ,180° )Fig.38

39

,

,

,

)

1. Operate the Power button and turn on the instrument.
Turn the rotary switch and select the RCD function.
2. Press the MODE switch(F1) and select any desirable measurement mode.
X1/2

For testing RCD's to verify that they are not too sensitive.

X1

For measuring the trip time.

X5

For testing at IΔn X5

RAMP(◢)For measuring the tripping level in mA.

AUTO

For automatic measurement in following sequence:
X1/2(0° ), X1/2(180° ), X1(0° ),X1 (180° ), X5(0° ), X5(180° )Uc

For measuring Uc

3. Press the IΔn switch (F2) to set Rated Tripping Current (IΔn) to the rated trip currentof the RCD.
4. Press (F3) to select the RCD type.
Refer to "10.1 Principles of RCD measurement" for the details of RCD type. (*6)
5. Press (F4) to select phase at which the test current should start. (*7)(*6),(*7) except for Uc measurement*UL value change
As a UL value, 25V or 50V is selectable. Refer to 6. Configuration in this manual andselect either of them.
2. Wiring Check
1. Insert the Test Lead into the instrument. (Fig.39)
L

PE

N

Fig.392. Connect the test leads to the circuit to be tested. (Fig.35, 36, 37)
3. After the connection, ensure that the symbols for Wiring check on the LCD are in thestatus indicated in Fig.39 before pressing the test button.
If the status of the symbols for Wiring check differ from Fig.39 orsymbol isindicated on the LCD, DO NOT PROCEED AS THERE IS INCORRECT WIRING. The
cause of the fault must be investigated and rectified.

40

3. Voltage Measurement
When the instrument is first connected to the system, it will display the line-earth
voltage which is updated every 1s. If this voltage is not normal or as expected, DO NOTPROCEED.
NOTE: This is a single phase (230V AC) instrument and under no circumstances should
it be connected to 2- phases or a voltage exceeding 230VAC+10%.
If the input voltage is greater than 260V the display will indicate '>260V' and RCD
measurements can not be made even if the Test button is pressed.
10.3.2 RCD Measurementa) Single Tests
1. Press the Test button
Operating time of RCD is displayed on LCD. (At Ramp test, operating current value of
RCD will be displayed. Uc values are displayed at Uc Function.)● ×1/2...................The Breaker should not trip.
● ×1......................The Breaker should trip.
● ×5......................The Breaker should trip.
● Auto Ramp(◢)..The Breaker should trip. The tripping current should be displayed.
● Uc......................Uc values are displayed.
2. Press the 0° /180° switch to change the phase and repeat step (1).
3. Change the phase again and repeat step (1).
b) Auto Test
Measurements are automatically performed under the Auto Test function in the following
sequence: X1/2(0° ), X1/2(180° ), X1(0° ),X1 (180° ), X5(0° ), X5(180° ).
1. Press F1 to select Auto
2. Press F2 & F3 to select IΔn & RCD type
3. Press the Test button. The KEW6016 will automatically conduct the sequence as
above. When the RCD trips each time reset it.
4. Return to the tester and the results will be displayed● Be sure to return the tested RCD to the original condition after the test.
● When the Uc voltage rises to UL value or greater, the measurement is automaticallysuspended and "Uc > UL" is displayed on the LCD.
● If " IΔn" setting is greater than the rated residual current of the RCD, the RCD willtrip and "no" may be displayed on LCD.
● If a voltage exists between the protective conductor and earth, it may influence themeasurements.
● If a voltage exists between neutral and earth, it may influence the measurements,

41

therefore, the connection between neutral point of the distribution system and earth
should be checked before testing.
● If leakage currents flow in the circuit following the RCD, it may influence themeasurements.
● The potential fields of other earthing installations may influence the measurement.
● Special conditions of RCDs of a particular design, for example S- type, should betaken into consideration.
● The earth electrode resistance of a measuring circuit with a probe shall not exceed
table1.
● Equipment following the RCD, e.g. capacitors or rotating machinery, may cause asignificant lengthening of the measured trip time.

42

11. EARTH TESTS
11.1 Principles of Earth Measurement
This Earth function is to test power distribution lines, in-house wiring system, electricalappliances etc.
This instrument makes earth resistance measurement with fall-of-potential method,which is a method to obtain earth resistancevalue Rx by applying AC constant current I
between the measurement object E (earth
electrode) and H(C) (current electrode),and finding out the potential difference V
between E and S(P) (potential electrode).
Rx = V / I

Fig.4011.2 Earth resistance Measurement# WARNING● The instrument will produce a maximum voltage of about 50V between
terminals E-H(C) in earth resistance function. Take enough caution to avoid
electric shock hazard.
# CAUTION● When measuring earth resistance, do not apply voltage between measuringterminals.
●Do not use MODEL7228A for measuring electrical potentials that exceed 33V
rms, 46V peak or DC 70V.
1.Select Earth function with the Rotary Switch
2.Insert the Test Leads (MODEL7228A) into the instrument. (Fig.41)

Red

Green

Fig.41

Yellow

3.Test Lead connection
Stick the auxiliary earth spikes S(P) and H(C) into the ground deeply. They should bealigned at an interval of 5-10m from the earthed equipment under test. Connect thegreen wire to the earthed equipment under test, the yellow wire to the auxiliary earth
spike S(P) and the red wire to the auxiliary earth spike H(C) from terminals E, S(P) andH(C) of the instrument in order.

43

Note :
● Make sure to stick the auxiliary earth spikes in the moist part of the soil. Give enoughwater where the spikes have to be stuck into the dry, stony or sandy part of the earthso that it may become moist.
● In case of concrete, lay the auxiliary earth spike down and water it, or put a wet dust
cloth etc. on the spike when making measurement.

E
S(P)

H(C)
Ω

Fig.42
4.Press the test button, the display will show the earth resistance of the circuit.
● If measurement is made with the probes twisted or in touch with each other, thereading of the instrument may be affected by induction. When connecting the probes,
make sure that they are separated.
● If earth resistance of auxiliary earth spikes is too large, it may result in inaccurate
measurement. Make sure to stick the auxiliary earth spike and H(C) into the moist
part of the earth carefully, and ensure sufficient connections between the respective
connections. High auxiliary earth resistance may exist if R S Hi or R H Hi isdisplayed during measurements.
● Great errors may included in the measured earth resistance when earth voltage of
10V or more exist. In this case, power off the devices which is using earth resistanceunder test to reduce the earth voltages.

4412. PHASE ROTATION TESTS
1. Operate the Power button and turn on the instrument. Turn the rotary switch andselect the PHASE ROTAION function.
2. Insert the Test Leads into the instrument. (Fig.43)

Fig.43
3. Connect each test leads to a circuit. (Fig.44)

L3

L2

L1

Fig.44
4. Results are displayed as follows.

Correct phase sequenceFig.45

Reversed phase sequenceFig.46● When a message No 3-phase system or --- is displayed, the circuit may not be a
3-phase system or a wrong connection may have been made. Check the circuit andthe connection.
● Presence of Harmonics in measurement voltages, such as an inverter power supply,
may influence the measured results.

45

13. VOLTS
1. Operate the Power button and turn on the instrument. Turn the rotary switch andselect the VOLTS function.
2. Insert the Test Leads into the instrument. (Fig.47)

Fig.47
3. Voltage value and frequency will be displayed on the LCD when applying AC voltage.
Note : A message DC V may be displayed when measuring AC voltages withfrequencies out of the range 45Hz - 65Hz.

14. TOUCH PAD
1. The touch pad measures the potential between the operator and the tester's PE
terminal.
A message PE HiV is displayed on the LCD with the audible buzzer if a potential
difference of 100V or more is present between the operator and the PE terminal at
touching the Touch pad.
2. Touch Pad function can be enabled and disabled (ON / OFF); refer to6.
Configuration in this manual and select ON or OFF. In case that OFF is selected, awarning for PE HiV does not appear and the buzzer does not sound.
* Initial value: ON
Note : A message PE HI V may be displayed when testing inverters or measuring
voltages containing high frequencies even if a user isn't touching with the Touch Pad.

15. BACK LIGHT
Pressing the Back Light Button selects Backlight ON / OFF. Backlight automaticallyturns off in 60 sec after it turns on. Backlight at powering on the instrument can be set
either ON or OFF. Refer to 6. Configuration in this manual how to select ON / OFF.

46

16. MEMORY FUNCTION
Measured result at each function can be saved in the memory of the instrument.
(MAX : 1000)
16.1 How to save the data
Save the result according to following sequence.

18.52

MΩ

(1) Measured result.
250V(2) Press

Fig.48-1

to enter into MEMORY MODE.
MEMORY MODE
ESC:MEM BUTTON
SAVERECALL
DELETE(3) Press

Fig.48-2

ALL DELETE

to enter into SAVE MODE.

(4) Make setting for following items.

SAVE MODEDATA No.001

1. CIRCUIT No
2. BOARD No
3. SITE No
4. DATA No

UP
DOWN
SELECT
OK

Press the SELECT Button to choose the parameter to change.
CIRCUIT No → BOARD No → SITE No → DATA No
Use the UP or DOWN Button and change settings.
Keep the UP/DOWN Key
pressed down to alter thenumber quickly.

47

CIRCUIT:
01
BOARD:
01

SITE:

01

Fig.48-3

(5) Press OK(). (Confirmed)
SAVE MODEDATA No.001
INSULATION
18.52MΩ
250V

SAVE
BACK

(6) Press SAVE(CIRCUIT : 01
BOARD : 01
SITE : 01

Fig.48-4). (Confirmed)
Saving(7) SAVING is displayed for about 2 sec on the
LCD, and then returns to the start screen. Saving
completes.

Fig.48-5

18.52

MΩ

Returns to Normal mode once data savecompletes. (Measurement mode)
250V

Normal mode48

Fig.48-6

16.2 Recall the saved data
Save data can be displayed on LCD according to following sequence.

MΩ

Fig.49-1

250V(1) Press

to enter into MEMORY MODE.
MEMORY MODE
ESC:MEM BUTTON
SAVERECALL
DELETEALL DELETE(2) Press

Fig.49-2

to enter into RECALL MODE.
RECALL MODEDATA No. 000(3) Press Up(
Data No.

)or DOWN()and select

UP

DOWN

Keep the UP/DOWN Key
pressed down until abuzzer sounds to skip thenumber containing no data
and display the next data.

BACK

49

INSULATION
18.52MΩ
250V
CIRCUIT : 01
BOARD : 01
SITE : 01

Fig.49-3

16.3 Delete the saved data
Save data can be deleted according to following sequence.

MΩ

250V

Fig.50-1(1) Press
to enter into
MEMORY MODE.
MEMORY MODE
ESC:MEM BUTTON
SAVERECALL
DELETEALL DELETE

Fig.50-2

ALL DELETE

DELETE(2) Press
toenter into ALL
DELETE MODE

(2) Press
to enterinto DELETE MODE

(3) Press Up()

or DOWN()
and select Data
No.
Fig.50-3

DELETE MODE

Delete All?

DATA No. 000

ESC:MEM BUTTON

UP
DOWN

INSULATION
18.52MΩ
250V

BACK
DELETECIRCUIT : 01
BOARD : 01
SITE : 01

ALL DELETE

Fig.50-4

BACK(3) Press ALL(4) Press DELETE

DELETE ((Confirmed)).
((Confirmed)

50).

DELETEALL DELETE

DELETE MODE

All Deleting

DATA No.001?
INSULATION
18.52MΩ
250V

Fig.50-5

DELETEBACK

CIRCUIT : 01
BOARD : 01
SITE : 01

Fig.50-6(5) Press
DELETE ((Confirmed)).
DeletingMΩ

250V

Fig.50-7

Fig.50-8(6) Returns toNormal mode
when selected
data deleted.
(Measurement
mode)

MΩ

250V

Fig.50-951(4) Returns toNormal mode
when selected
data is deleted.
(Measurementmode)

16.4 Transfer the stored data to PC
The stored data can be transferred to PC via Optical Adapter Model8212USB (Optional
Accessory).

Fig.51●How to transfer the data:(1) Connect Model8212USB to the USB Port of aPC.(Special driver for Model8212USB should
be installed. See the instruction manual for
Model8212USB for further details.)(2) Insert Model8212USB into the KEW6016 asshown in Fig 52. Test Leads should be removed
from the KEW6016 at this time.
(3) Power on the KEW6016. (Any function is OK.)

MΩ

250V

Fig.52(4) Start special software "KEW Report" on your PC and set the communication port.
Then click "Down load" command, and the data in the KEW6016 will be transferred
to your PC. Please refer to the instruction manual of Model8212USB and HELP of
KEW Report for further details.
Note: Use "KEW Report" with version 2.00 or more.
The latest "KEW Report" can be downloaded from KYORITSU's web site.
http://www.kew-ltd.co.jp/en/5217. GENERAL
17.1 If the symbol ( )appears, this means that the test resistor is too hot and theautomatic cut out circuits have operated. Allow the instrument to cool down before
proceeding. The overheat circuits protect the test resistor against heat damage.
17.2 The test button may be turned clockwise to lock it down. In this auto mode,
when using distribution board lead Model7188A, tests are conducted by simply
disconnecting and reconnecting the red phase prod of the Model7188A avoiding
the need to physically press the test button i.e. 'hands free'.
17.3 When the display shows the low battery indication, (), disconnect the test leads
from the instrument. Remove the battery cover and the batteries.

53

18. BATTERY REPLACEMENT
When the display shows the low battery indication ,, disconnect the test leads fromthe instrument. Remove the battery cover and the batteries. Replace with eight (8) new
1.5V AA batteries, taking care to observe correct polarity. Replace the battery cover.

19. FUSE REPLACEMENT
The continuity test circuit is protected by a 600V 0.5A HRC ceramic type fuse situated in
the battery compartment, together with a spare. If the instrument fails to operate in thecontinuity test mode, first disconnect the test leads from the instrument. Next remove
the battery cover, take out the fuse and test its continuity with another continuity tester.
If it has failed, replace it with a spare, before refitting the battery cover. Do not forget toobtain a new fuse and place it in the spare position. If the instrument will not operate
in the loop impedance, PSC/PFC and RCD modes, it may be that the protective fuses
fitted on the printed circuit board have blown. If you suspect that the fuses have failed,return the instrument to your distributor for service - do not attempt to replace the fuses
yourself.
Screw

Spare Fuse

Fuse
Fig.5354

20. SERVICING
If this tester should fail to operate correctly, return it to your distributor stating the exact
nature of the fault. Before returning the instrument ensure that:1.The leads have been checked for continuity and signs of damage.
2.The continuity mode fuse (situated in the battery compartment) has been checked.
3.The batteries are in good condition.
Please remember to give all the information possible concerning the nature of thefault, as this will mean that the instrument will be serviced and returned to you
more quickly.

55

CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Safe Testing ............................................................................................................. 1
Instruments Layout .................................................................................................. 3
Accessories ............................................................................................................. 5
Features .................................................................................................................. 6
Specification ............................................................................................................ 8
5.1 Measurement Specification .............................................................................. 8
5.2 Operating error ............................................................................................... 11
5.3 General Specification ..................................................................................... 13
5.4 Applied standards ........................................................................................... 14
5.5 List of Display Message ................................................................................. 15
6. Configuration ......................................................................................................... 16
7. Continuity(resistance) tests ................................................................................... 17
7.1 Test procedure ............................................................................................... 17
7.2 2Ω Buzzer ..................................................................................................... 19
8. Insulation tests ...................................................................................................... 20
8.1.1 The nature of insulation resistance ............................................................. 20
8.1.2 Capacitive current ....................................................................................... 20
8.1.3 Conduction current ...................................................................................... 21
8.1.4 Surface leakage current .............................................................................. 21
8.1.5 Total leakage current ................................................................................... 21
8.2 Damage to voltage sensitive equipment ........................................................ 22
8.3 Preparation for measurement ........................................................................ 23
8.4 Insulation resistance measurement ............................................................... 23
9. LOOP/PSC/PFC test ............................................................................................. 26
9.1 Principles of measurement of fault loop impedance and PFC ....................... 26
9.2 Principles of measurement of line impedance and PSC ................................ 31
9.3 Operating instructions for LOOP and PSC/PFC ............................................ 32
9.3.1 Initial Checks ............................................................................................... 32
9.3.2 Measurement of LOOP and PSC/PFC ........................................................ 34
10. RCD tests .............................................................................................................. 37
10.1 Principles of RCD Measurement .................................................................. 37
10.2 Principles of Uc Measurement ..................................................................... 39
10.3 Operating Instructions for RCD .................................................................... 39
10.3.1 Initial Checks ............................................................................................. 39
10.3.2 RCD Measurement ................................................................................... 41

21. CASE AND STRAP ASSEMBLY
Correct assembly is shown in Fig 54, 55 and 56. By hanging the instrument round theneck, both hands will be left free for testing.
1. Attach the Buckle to the KEW6016 as shown in Fig.54.

Match the hole of the Buckle andthe protrusion at the side face of
KEW6016, and slide it upwards.

Fig.54

2. How to install the Strap belt

Pass the strap belt down throughthe buckle from the top, and up.

Fig.55

3. How to fasten the Strap belt
Pass the strap through thebuckle, adjust the strap for lengthand secure.

Fig.56

56

DISTRIBUTORINSTRUCTION MANUAL

Kyoritsu reserves the rights to change specifications or designs described in thismanual without notice and without obligations.

MULTI-FUNCTION TESTERKEW 6016
06-1992-1959E