Application Note
ISL29501 Temperature and Ambient Light Error Correction

The ISL29501 has the ability to perform real time correction of distance measurements due to changing
temperature and ambient light conditions. The chip can be programmed to correct for a second order error
polynomial. This document explains how to collect data, generate coefficients, and program the chip to do theseerror corrections. Renesas has had good results calculating the coefficients once per board design so it should not
be necessary to collect data for each individual board. Calibration of each board design is also not required, but inpractice almost every application will need temperature calculation at a minimum. The data used in this document
was generated with an ISL29501-ST-EV1Z Sand Tiger reference board, but these techniques can be applied toany alternate optical components.

Contents
1.

Advanced Calibration Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1

Advanced Calibration Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2.

Data File Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3.

Collecting Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

4.

Generating Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1
4.2

4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
5.

Standard Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Temperature Setup Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Temperature Sweep Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Ambient Light Setup Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.4.1
Light Source and Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4.2
Ambient Light Sweep Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4.3
Choosing an Ambient Light Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4.4
Setting the Sweep Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.4.5
Laboratory Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Using Coeff_Gen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
GUI Setup Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2.1
Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2.2
Temperature Reference Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2.3
Ambient Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.4
Alternate Light Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.5
Slope Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Ideal Coefficient Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Ideal Coefficients Defined . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Force Exponent Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Finalizing Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Measurements with Advanced Calibration Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

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ISL29501 Temperature and Ambient Light Error Correction Application Note

1.

Advanced Calibration Process

These are the required steps in the advanced calibration process.
1. Phase data is collected while a single independent variable is varied. Supported variable types are dietemperature and ambient light. The ISL29501 has separate 8-bit sensors for each of these. Phase data iscollected for each measurement along with the sensor data for temperature or ambient light.
2. Renesas provides a software tool that reads and parses this data. A least squares curve fit to a second orderpolynomial is generated from the data. The resultant curve has the form Ax2 + Bx + C. From this curve the A
and B coefficients are calculated and converted into the correct hexadecimal format.
3. The tool returns either three or four register values (depending on whether testing temperature or ambient light)that need to be programmed into the ISL29501 each time it is power cycled. They can be left at the default(0x00), which performs no correction.
4. The final constant C comes from the standard distance calibration (for details on standard calibration, see the
ISL29501 Datasheet). Distance calibration sets the reference point for the system. The reference point is thepoint where all errors including temperature and ambient light are assumed to be zero. When performing
distance calibration a reference temperature needs to be recorded. It is later programmed back into the chipwith the error correction coefficients. The user reads the temperature sensor (reg 0xE2) and needs to write thiscode value into the temperature reference input (reg 0x31). This temperature reference is also used by the tool
when generating the coefficients. For high integration time settings (reg 0x10 > 0x6), the temperature changes
while running the distance calibration routine. The accurate way to compensate for this difference is to average
the temperature value in the distance calibration and use this value as your temperature reference. For many
circuit board designs it is sufficiently close to read only a single temperature at the end of distance calibration.

1.1

Advanced Calibration Registers

By following the advanced calibration process the user calculates the error coefficients for temperature andambient light and then programs the following registers:
Table 1. Advanced Calibration Registers
Type

Temp

Ambient Light
Shared2.

Reg Name

Reg #Description

Temp Reference

0x31

Temperature Reference CodePhase Temp B

0x34

First Order Temperature Mantissa

Phase Temp A

0x39

Second Order Temperature Mantissa

Phase Ambient B

0x36

First Order Ambient Light Mantissa

Phase Ambient A

0x3B

Second Order Ambient Light Mantissa

Phase Exponent

0x33

Coefficient Exponent

Data File Requirements

The data file input to the coefficient generator must be in a comma-delimited CSV format. It is designed to be thesame as the “Record” format produced by the evaluation GUI. The first row of the file is a header that contains theregister number for the data in that column. Each register field in the header needs to be a comma-delimited 2digit hexadecimal with no leading or trailing spaces. Upper and lower case characters are accepted.
Following the header are rows of register data. They must follow the same comma delimited 2-digit hexadecimalformat with no leading or trailing spaces.
Comments are allowed providing that they follow a blank line that is after the last row of data. At a minimum thefile must contain four columns (four registers) of data: 0xE2, 0xE3, 0xD8, 0xD9. Additional columns of register or

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ISL29501 Temperature and Ambient Light Error Correction Application Noteother data is allowed if they have a header entry and follow the stated rules. A data file example is shown in
Figure 1.
N,D5,D6,D7,D8,D9,E2,E3
1,44,34,dd,14,e7,56,1
2,44,33,dd,16,e7,57,1
3,44,36,dd,15,e7,57,1
4,44,34,dd,20,e7,57,1
5,44,35,dd,14,e7,58,1
6,44,33,dd,18e7,58,1
7,44,34,dd,16,e7,58,1.
Figure 1. Data File Example

3.

Collecting Data

Temperature and ambient light require two independent sweeps, which cannot be done at the same time. It is
critical that only a single variable is changed in each sweep. When collecting temperature data, the ambient lightmust not change. When collecting ambient light data, the temperature must remain constant. Failure to do thisresults in bad coefficients and poor error correction.

3.1

Standard Calibration

The user needs to load standard calibration values before starting data collection (standard calibration is
described in the ISL29501 Datasheet). Renesas recommends running all 3 standard calibrations with the same
emitter current and integration time that are used for the data collection sweep. It is best to do this before
performing the sweep. The emitter settings are different from the applications in almost all cases. For this reason,crosstalk and distance calibration should be executed using the temperature setup just before starting the sweep.
The temperature code (when collecting temperature data) in 0xE2 needs to be recorded for reference later.
Distance calibration is unnecessary; however, if conducted, the user can directly observe distance changes due totemperature and ambient light and before and after adding advanced calibration coefficients.

3.2

Temperature Setup Procedure

The board undergoing testing needs to be positioned to measure distance to a target. To obtain temperature
measurements, testing must be conducted inside an oven. The target size and configurations are limited by thedimensions of the oven, but these are not critical. This process measures the phase shift in the emitter,
photodiode and ISL29501 chip as a system, which reflects how an application reacts to changes in ambient
temperature. The emitter current should be set so that the return signal is 1–10nA (for emitter current
programming, see theISL29501 Datasheet). A heat gun should not be used because it is unlikely to produce a
representative temperature gradient. This method has been tried and the resulting coefficients were poor. The
target should be sized and the board aligned so that the beam fully strikes the target. Figure 2 shows an example
of an oven set up for collecting data.

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ISL29501 Temperature and Ambient Light Error Correction Application Note

Figure 2. Example Oven Setup

Neither the target reflectivity or the distance from the target is critical. The distance should be recorded so thatcoefficients can be validated under the same conditions.

3.3

Temperature Sweep Procedure

The temperature should be varied over the entire intended operating range of the application recording thetemperature code and phase register data. The exact temperature value is not important because the chipcorrects measurements based on the ADC code. The sensor LSB is ~1.25°C.
The best technique is to mimic the end application conditions by ramping the temperature in 5°C steps over theintended operating range. Settling time should be 4 to 5 minutes, which allows the optical components and theboard to reach full thermal equilibrium. A minimum of 100 data measurements should be made at eachtemperature so that noise can be averaged out. The more data points the better as the curve fitting process will
average out measurement noise. The curve fitting software tool runs in seconds so large data files are not a
problem.

3.4

Ambient Light Setup Overview

In Time of Flight (TOF) sensor applications, ambient light is defined as constant reflected (non-signal) light thatstrikes the photodiode. This light causes a DC current to flow from the photodiode through the transimpedance
amplifier in the front end of the ISL29501 chip. This current flow is not a problem for the chip because theincoming signal is AC coupled. However, this current introduces a delay in the photodiode which must be
calibrated out. To minimize this phase delay, all photodiode selections need to have a visible light filter. Whenperforming a sweep, the intensity of the ambient light (an independent variable) is varied, and the sensor andphase register data is collected at a fixed distance. In the coefficient generator software a second order error
function is generated from which the coefficients are calculated. These are subsequently programmed into thechip. After coefficients are programmed, the chip DSP subtracts the appropriate quantity in each distancemeasurement.

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ISL29501 Temperature and Ambient Light Error Correction Application Note

Note: Ambient light is reflected light. This is not sunlight directly in the field of view (FOV) of the PD. Sunlight that
directly strikes the PD causes large non-linear changes in distance and magnitude and is not a supported
condition.

3.4.1

Light Source and Setup

On the ISL29501-ST-EV1Z Sand Tiger reference design, the emitter and PD are paired to be sensitive to 850nm
IR light. At this time Renesas does not have a recommendation for an artificial light source that mimics sunlight.
For this reason Renesas recommends using an 850nm LED.
The board should be positioned facing a target at a fixed distance. A good distance is 0.5–1m. Ideally the lightsource would strike the target and not the PD directly. In practice the optical power to do this is prohibitively high.
For this reason the ambient light source should directly strike the PD.

3.4.2

Ambient Light Sweep Procedure

The goal is to correct for phase error introduced by the sun. A visible light filter on the photodiode reduces thiseffect but sunlight contains IR that introduces error. Like in temperature correction the goal is to change a single
variable, ambient light in this case, and record changes in the measured phase. The distance is fixed so observedchanges in phase will be due to this light. From the data an error function is created, converted and written backinto the chip. Once programmed the chip will subtract the error based on the ambient light (register 0xE3) fromdistance measurements in real time.
In ambient light data sweeps it is important that the temperature remains constant. To avoid self-heating of theboard you can use low integration times (reg0x10 ≤ 0x06) to avoid this. A good technique is to run the part making
measurements until the temperature reaches equilibrium, then start collecting data. Both temperature andambient light calibrations are independent and have separate coefficients.

3.4.3

Choosing an Ambient Light Source

Because the goal is to correct for changes in sunlight, the obvious light source for testing is the sun. However,when light testing in sunlight, only the light intensity may vary. All other variables must be fixed. Adjusting for lightintensity in sunlight can be a challenge, however, thus it is better to collect the data in a controlled laboratoryenvironment. The problem is that most artificial light sources have a different spectral content than the sun.
Another problem is that their spectral content changes as their intensity changes.
To get around these issues, the preferred light source is an SFH 4550 850nm LED. This is the same LED used in
the ISL29501-ST-EV1Z Sand Tiger reference design. Several characteristics make the SFH4550 850nm LED thebest choice: it is cheap and readily available, the spectral content varies very little with intensity, and the opticalpower has a linear relationship with the current passing through it. The downside is that the spectral content isvery different than sunlight. To correct for this difference, a correlation factor was calculated and programmed into
the coefficient tool.

3.4.4

Setting the Sweep Range

The minimum end should be zero current into the ambient source LED. The maximum end of the range depends
on several factors. The emitter choice, the PD choice, and the visible light filter all affect the ambient light code.
The tendency is to try to convert LUX values but it is better to determine your ambient light range experimentally.
To set the max end of your sweep find the maximum anticipated code in application conditions. A few
measurements in true sunlight should reveal this number. Record the maximum measured value in register 0xE3
(ambient light sensor). It is better to end the sweep at a lower code than a higher code. The reason is that at very
high ambient light levels the PD becomes very non-linear and a second order equation may not accurately
describe the error function. On the ISL29501-ST-EV1Z Sand Tiger board, a sweep up to a maximum code of 0x18
is normally good.

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ISL29501 Temperature and Ambient Light Error Correction Application Note

3.4.5

Laboratory Setup

The lab setup is fairly simple. The ambient light source (LED) should be angled ~30 degrees off the center of the
PD and positioned at a 1–2cm distance.
Figure 3 and Figure 4 show a SFH 4550 LED positioned to inject ambient light into the ISL29501-ST-EV1Z Sand
Tiger photodiode. The clip leads are connected to a power supply so that current through the LED can be varied.
The box is aimed at a target and distance measurements are made by recording the ambient light code andphase. The distance and the reflectivity of the target are not important. The target distance must remain constantso that changes in phase are the result of the ambient light change only. For best results, the return signal
magnitude should be in the 1–10nA range. For emitter current programming, see the ISL29501 Datasheet.

Figure 3. Ambient Light Setup Side View

Figure 4. Ambient Light Setup Front View

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ISL29501 Temperature and Ambient Light Error Correction Application Note

4.

Generating Coefficients

After data is collected, coefficients for a second order polynomial error curve need to be generated. To assist withthis task, Renesas provides a tool Coeff_Gen.exe. The tool parses the data file, does a least squares curve fit andconverts the coefficients to register values.
Coeff_Gen is a single executable file that runs under Windows. It requires .NET Framework 4.0, which isstandard in Windows 8 and newer versions. For Windows 7 and older, .NET Framework 4.0 can be downloaded
from Microsoft using this link: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=17851.

4.1

Using Coeff_Gen

In general, red fill is used for fields that need attention. Yellow fields hold register values that will be programmed
into the chip. Double-click the Coeff_Gen.exe file to start the tool. Figure 4 shows the initial state of the GUI.
Additional fields will be added after the coefficient type is chosen.
The GUI can be divided into three sections:▪ GUI Setup Conditions▪ Ideal Coefficient Calculations▪ Forced Exponent Adjustment

4.2

GUI Setup Conditions

The first action is to set the mode. The supported choices are Temperature and Ambient Light. A third option is
Emitter Voltage, which is an alternate method of measuring temperature. It is not believed to be useful, however,and is not supported at this time. Click the pull-down labeled “Choose” and select the coefficient type. The next
step is to set the coefficient reference. The GUI looks slightly different for Temperature and Ambient Light but inboth cases a reference point must be set for the software. These fields are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6.

4.2.1

Temperature

If Temperature is selected the temperature reference value must be entered in the GUI. It is defined as thetemperature code in which distance calibration was executed. This entry gives the software and the chip (onceprogrammed) a reference temperature in which correction will be zero (no correction). In the GUI this field isyellow which means that this is not only an input to the software but also a value that must be programmed into
the chip. This reference value must be measured on each device and programmed into that specific chip. Thiseffectively calibrates the temperature sensor. It is not necessary to collect data on every board. One set of
coefficients will work for all boards with the same emitter and PD combination. For this scheme to work distancecalibration must always be done at the same temperature.

4.2.2

Temperature Reference Adjustment

Temperature reference adjustment is easiest if distance calibration is always performed at the same temperature.
If distance calibration cannot always be performed at the same temperature, two things need to be done:▪ The temperature in degrees C must be accurately measured for each device at the time of distance calibration.
▪ The temperature reference measured at the time of distance calibration must be adjusted.
Note: dcal is shorthand notation for distance calibration in the following discussion.
Equation 1 is used to adjust the reference code (0x31):(EQ. 1)

TREFcodeadj = TREFcodedcal + 0.8   TEMPdcal – TEMPdcal_ref ▪ TREFcodeadj = the adjusted temp code for a particular device▪ TREFcodedcal = the measured temp code at during distance calibration▪ TEMPdcal = the temp in C during dcal for the test device▪ TEMPdcal_ref = the temp in C during dcal for the ref device
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ISL29501 Temperature and Ambient Light Error Correction Application Note

The reference device is the one that was used to generate the temperature coefficients. This adjustment is madeto the reference code to be programmed into register 0x31 based on the difference in the ambient temperature atdcal compared to the same for the reference device.

4.2.3

Ambient Light

The reference for ambient light is defined as the minimum data code from register 0xE3. Due to offsets in theambient light sensing circuits the reference is usually 1 or 2. The GUI will search the data file and find thisminimum code, which means that it should contain points where the ambient light is less than 100 lux. This is not
a problem if the recommended 850nm LED is used as your light source in a lab. Florescent light has almost zero
IR content so at 0 LED current, only chip offsets will be measured. If using other light sources the data file must
contain data points where the PD was completely covered. This ambient light reference value is used by thesoftware in calculations but is not written to the chip. Note: During distance calibration it is important that theambient light is much less than 1 lsb of the chip sensor. Values of 100 lux or less are good.

4.2.4

Alternate Light Sources

The GUI contains three radio buttons for light source choices which are followed by a slope correction field (seeFigure 6). The correction in this field compensates for the difference in spectral content of the chosen light source
and real sunlight. For the Sunlight choice, the correction slope is 0. For the 850nm LED, the correction is 5.86.
For these two cases, the field is read only. Although not recommended, the user can select Other to use a lightsource other than the Sunlight or 850nM LED options. The slope correction must then be entered in this field. To
calculate slope correction, the user would need to characterize their light source and compare the performance of
the ISL29501 in sunlight to their artificial light source. The slope of the difference in the two error functions isentered in this field.

4.2.5

Slope Correction

The slope correction factor compensates for the difference between sunlight and an alternate ambient lightsource. It is the difference between the error correction curve for sunlight and the error curve for a different (notsunlight) ambient light source. The calibration has been done for the 850nm LED and the correction slope isembedded in the software. If the user has a different light source or different optical components, the slope
correction may not be accurate. To create a custom slope correction term, the user needs to create an ambient
light versus phase error curve in sunlight and one with the new light source and subtract these curves. A linear
curve fit of this different function is performed and its slope is entered in the Corr Slope field (Other must be
selected).

4.3

Ideal Coefficient Calculations

At this stage, 90% of the error correction process is complete. When the user presses the Ideal button, a filebrowser opens. The default starting directory is where the executable resides but the user can browse to the data
file. This file must comply with the requirements in Data File Requirements. After the data file is chosen and Openis clicked, the program calculates the ideal coefficients for that file and they appear in the four fields. However,these are not the final values.

4.4

Ideal Coefficients Defined

Ideal coefficients are the result of the coefficient conversion to hexadecimal of the error curve data. Eachcoefficient has a mantissa and an exponent. The ISL29501 device has a single exponent that must cover all
coefficients. In many cases, the exponent is not the same for all coefficients as in the example data in Figure 5
and Figure 6. To compensate for this difference, one additional step is required.

4.5

Force Exponent Adjustment

The exponent for all coefficients is programmed in register 0x33. In the GUI the user needs to enter a single value
into the field labeled 0x33 and click the Force button. The software adjusts each mantissa to work with the chosen
exponent. The best exponent choice is the highest numerical value of the four ideal (ambient and temperature)
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ISL29501 Temperature and Ambient Light Error Correction Application Noteexponent values. When the Force step is completed, the final register values show in boxes with a yellow fill.
There is no non-volatile memory in the ISL29501 so these values must be programmed into the chip duringinitialization to enable Advanced Calibration corrections. Figure 5 and Figure 6 show the result of a completed
coefficient generation.

Figure 5. Completed Temperature Coefficients

4.6

Figure 6. Completed Ambient Coefficients

Finalizing Coefficients

Figure 5 and Figure 6 show two examples of the GUI: one for temperature data and one for ambient light data.
Important: In the GUI, two coefficients have an ideal exponent of 4, one has an exponent of 5, and one has an
exponent of 6. The user must pick 6 as the exponent to force and eventually program in register 0x33. As
explained earlier all fields with yellow backgrounds are chip register values and must be programmed duringinitialization. Any number of instances of the GUI can be run simultaneously, which is useful when comparing
multiple devices or setup conditions. The File field shows the data file name so you can easily keep track ofmultiple sets of data. This field is read-only and cannot be used to enter a file name.

4.7

Measurements with Advanced Calibration Coefficients

After Advanced Calibration Coefficients are programmed in the chip the user must be careful with calibration.
Distance calibration becomes tied to the temperature reference value. In other words, the user can run distancecalibration again (part of standard calibration, see the ISL29501 Datasheet), but it must be done at the same
temperature code that is entered in the temperature reference register 0x31. For this reason, it is easier to run
distance calibration and record/save the value from register 0xE2 before programming advanced calibration
coefficients.
After the advanced calibration registers are programmed, every distance measurement is dynamically corrected
for changes in temperature and ambient light.

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5.

Revision History
Revision

Date

1.00

Apr 11, 2022

Applied new template.

0.00

Mar 31, 2017

Initial release.

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