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南太平洋海域調査研究報告 No.56（2015年3月）
OCCASIONAL PAPERS No.56（March 2015）࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥ࡢⅆᒣᓥࡢᆅ㉁ㄪᰝ
࣮࣐ࣞࣥ ࣁࣇ࢕࣮ࢬ ࢘ࣝ

Geological Investigation of the Volcanic Islandsin the Federated States of Micronesia
REHMAN Hafiz Ur㮵ඣᓥ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⌮ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University
せ᪨࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥ࡣすኴᖹὒࡢ࢝ࣟࣜࣥㅖᓥ࡜ࡶ࿧ࡤࢀࡿᓥࠎ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿᆅᇦ࡛ࠊᆅ⌮ⓗ࡟ࡣࠊす࠿ࡽᮾ࡬ࣖࢵࣉࠊࢳ࣮ࣗࢡࠊ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖࠾ࡼࡧࢥࢫ࢚ࣛࡢᅄࡘࡢᕞ࡟ࢃ࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᚋ⪅ࡢ୕ࡘࡢᓥࡣⅆᒣᛶࡢᓥࠎ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ࢝ࣟࣜࣥㅖᓥࡢⅆᒣᓥࡣኴᖹὒࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡀᮍ▱ࡢ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺୖࢆ㏻㐣ࡋࠊす࠿ࡽᮾ࡬ⅆᒣᓥࡢᖺ௦ࡀⱝࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊඛ࡟㏙࡭ࡓ୕ࡘࡢᓥ࡛ࡢⅆᒣάືࡢ᫬ᮇࡣ㔜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢳ࣮ࣗࢡ⎔♋ࡢᓥࠎ࡜࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᓥ࡟ࡣྠᖺ௦ࡢⅆᒣᒾࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢥࢫ࢚ࣛᓥ࡟ࡶ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᓥ࡜ྠᖺ
௦ࡢⅆᒣᒾࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢⅆᒣᓥࡣ㸦ᩘⓒ࢟ࣟࡶ࠾஫࠸࡟㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᓥࠎ㸧ࠊ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺୖ࡟ࣉ࣮ࣞ
ࢺࡀ㏻㐣ࡋࡓ᫬࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥ࡢⅆᒣᓥࡢᆅ㉁ㄪᰝࢆྵࡴࠊ
ᒾ▼ヨᩱࡢᒾ▼Ꮫࠊᆅ⌫໬Ꮫ࠾ࡼࡧᖺ௦Ꮫⓗ࡞◊✲ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊⅆᒣᓥࡢᡂᅉࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ⫼ᬒ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥ࡣࠊすኴᖹὒࡢ㉥㐨௜㏆໭ࡢప⦋ᗘ࡟࢝ࣟࣜࣥㅖᓥ࡜ࡋ࡚▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ607 ࡢᓥࠎ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿᅜ࡛ࠊす࠿ࡽᮾ࡟ࠊࣖࢵࣉࠊࢳ࣮ࣗࢡࠊ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖࠾ࡼࡧࢥࢫ࢚ࣛࡢᅄࡘ
ࡢᕞ࡟ศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣖࢵࣉㅖᓥࡣࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥᾏࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡢᮾഃࡢỿࡳ㎸ࡳᖏୖ࡟ᓥᘼࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆᙧᡂࡋࠊ༡ࡣࣃࣛ࢜ᓥᘼࠊ໭ࡣఀ㇋࣭࣐ࣜ࢔ࢼᘼࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟᥋⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࣖࢵࣉ࡜␗࡞ࡗ࡚ࢳ࣮ࣗࢡࠊ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࢥࢫ࢚ࣛࡢᓥࠎࡣኴᖹὒࣉ࣮ࣞࢺୖࡢ୺࡟ⅆᒣᛶࡢᓥࠎ࡛࠶ࡾࠊす࠿ࡽᮾ࡬ᖺ௦ⓗ࡟ⱝࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋඛ⾜◊✲㸦ᒾᓮ 1915, KINOSHITA 1926, ྜྷ஭ 1936, ⏣ᒣ 1952, YAGI 1960, STARK and HAY
1963, MATTEY 1982, SPENGLER 1990 ➼㸧࡛ࡣ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥ࡢⅆᒣᓥࡢ≉ᚩࡸ㖔≀⤌ᡂ࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢグ㏙ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊⅆᒣ㉳※࠾ࡼࡧᆅ㉁ᵓ㐀ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ୍㒊ࡢ◊✲ሗ࿌㸦DIXON et al. 1984, KEATING et al. 1984a, 1984b㸧࡛ࡣࢳ࣮ࣗࢡࠊ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖࠾ࡼࡧࢥࢫ࢚ࣛࡢⅆᒣᒾࢆ K-Ar ἲ࡛ᖺ௦ ᐃࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᓥࠎࡢⅆᒣάືࡣ࣍ࢵࢺ

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REHMAN Hafiz Urࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ⏤᮶࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゎ㔘ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࢳ࣮ࣗࢡ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ⋞Ṋᒾ࠿ࡽ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖࡟࠶ࡿ
ྠᵝ࡞⋞Ṋᒾ࡜ྠࡌᖺ௦ࡀฟ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖࡜ࢥࢫ࢚ࣛ࡟ࡶྠᖺ௦ࡢ⋞ṊᒾࡀᏑᅾࡋࠊኴᖹὒࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡀ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺୖ࡟㏻㐣ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡔࡅࢆゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡢࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸㸦ᅗ 1㸧
ࠋKOBAYASHI㸦2004㸧࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊኴᖹὒࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡣ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥௜㏆࡛ 8.3 cm yr-1
ࡢ㏿ᗘ࡛໭す࡬⛣ືࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᩘⓒ࢟ࣟࡶ㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୕ࡘࡢᆅᇦ࡛ྠ᫬࡟ྠࡌ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵ
ࢺ࠿ࡽⅆᒣࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ⤖ㄽࡣཷࡅධࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺࡣࢥࢫ࢚ࣛࡀ㏻㐣
ࡋࡓᚋ࡝࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࠿ࠊ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᓥ࡟⏘ࡍࡿ⋞Ṋᒾ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㈏ධᒾࢆㄪᰝࡋࠊ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᒾ▼Ꮫࠊᆅ⌫໬Ꮫⓗ࠾ࡼࡧᖺ௦Ꮫⓗ◊✲ࢆ⾜࠸࢝ࣟࣜࣥㅖᓥࡢ㉳※ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࠋ୍㒊ࡢᒾ▼ヨᩱࡢᆅ⌫໬Ꮫⓗ࡞ศᯒࡣ᪤࡟⾜࠸ࠊṧࡾࡢヨᩱࡣ᳨ド୰࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪉ἲࢳ࣮ࣗࢡ⎔♋㸦୺࡟࢙࢘ࣀᓥ㸧࠾ࡼࡧ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᓥ࡛㔝እㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࢳ࣮ࣗࢡ⎔♋࠿ࡽ73 ಶࠊ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᓥ࠿ࡽ 70 ಶࡢᒾ▼ヨᩱࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋࡓࠋ᥇㞟ࡋࡓヨᩱ୰௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢᒾ▼ⷧ∦ࢆసᡂࡋࠊ೫ග㢧ᚤ㙾࡟ࡼࡿほᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊసᡂࡋࡓⷧ∦⾲㠃ࡢ඲ᇦࢆ㮵ඣᓥ኱Ꮫᶵჾศᯒࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࡢ⺯ග㹖⥺ศᯒ⿦⨨㸦X-Ray Guided Tube : XGT㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚୺せඖ⣲ࡢ࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢࡸෆ㒊ᵓ㐀ࠊ㖔≀⤌ᡂ࡞࡝ࡢศᯒࡶ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ୍㒊ࡢヨᩱࢆࢱࣥࢢࢫࢸࣥࢪ࣮ࣙࢡࣛࢵࢩࣕࢆ⏝࠸࡚⢊○ࡋࠊ㕲〇࣮࣑࡛࣎ࣝࣝ⣽࠿ࡃ⢊ᮎࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢヨᩱࢆ඲ᒾ໬Ꮫ⤌ᡂࡢࡓࡵࠊ୺せඖ⣲㸦Si, Al, Ti, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ca, Na, K, P㸧࠾ࡼࡧᚤ㔞ඖ⣲㸦V, Cr, Co,Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Li, Y, Zr, Nb, Ta, Ba, Pb, Th, U㸧ࡢศᯒࢆ㮵ඣᓥ኱Ꮫᶵჾศᯒࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟࠶ࡿἼ㛗ศᩓᆺ⺯ග㹖⥺ศᯒ⿦⨨㸦XRF: RIGAKU ZSX 100e㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋ୺せඖ⣲ࡣ࢞ࣛࢫࣅ࣮ࢻ㸦ヨᩱ࡜ Li2B4O7 ࡢΰྜࡋࡓ⢊ᮎࢆ 1,000°C ࡟ຍ⇕ࡋసᡂࡋࡓ㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࠊᚤ㔞ඖ⣲ࡣ⢊ᮎ࠿ࡽసᡂࡋࡓࣉࣞࢫ࣌ࣞࢵࢺࢆ౑࠸ࠊศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᅗ 1 ࢝ࣟࣜࣥㅖᓥࡢⅆᒣάືᖺ௦ศᕸ㸦REHMAN et al.㹙2013㹛ࢆᨵኚ㸧

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Geological Investigation of the Volcanic Islands in the Federated States of Micronesia⤖ᯝࢳ࣮ࣗࢡ⎔♋࠾ࡼࡧ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᓥ࡛ᆅ㉁ㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ୧ᆅᇦ࡛ࡶᕧ኱࡞┪≧ⅆᒣࡢ㊧ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊึ⏕ⓗ࡞ᄇⅆࡣᕧ኱࡞⋞Ṋᒾ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ┪≧ⅆᒣࢆᙧᡂࡋࠊ஧ḟάື࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣึ⏕ࡢ⋞Ṋᒾ࡟㈏ධࡍࡿከᩘࡢᒾ⬦ࡀࢳ࣮ࣗࢡ⎔♋࠾ࡼࡧ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᓥ඲య࡛ぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ୍㒊ࡢᆅᇦ࡛ࡣࠊⅆ○ὶࡸⅆ○ሁ✚ᒾࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࢳ࣮ࣗࢡ⎔♋࡛ࡣᰕ≧⠇⌮ࢆసࡿ┪≧ⅆᒣࡢ୰ᚰ㒊࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㟢㢌ࢆ 2 ⟠ᡤ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࠊ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᓥ࡛ࡣᩘከࡃぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ
2 ⟠ᡤ࡟ࡣⅆᒣᒾ㢕㸦Volcanic plug㸧ࡶ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋᩘ⟠ᡤ࡛ࡣ⋞Ṋᒾ࡟࢝ࣥࣛࣥᒾࡀᤕ⋓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ㊰㢌࡛☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࠋᒾ▼ⷧ∦ほᐹ࡟ࡼࡾከࡃࡢヨᩱࡣ㠀㢧ᬗ㉁࠿ࡽ㢧ᬗ㉁ࡲ࡛ぢࡽࢀࠊ࢝ࣥࣛࣥ▼ࠊᩳ᪉㍤▼
ࡸࢳࢱࣥ㍤▼ࠊᚤᑠ࡞ᩳ㛗▼ࠊࢳࢱࣥ㉁☢㕲㖔ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧഹ࠿࡞ࢿࣇ࢙࡛ࣜࣥᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ඲ᒾ୺せ࠾ࡼࡧᚤ㔞ඖ⣲ࡢ XRF ศᯒ࠿ࡽከࡃࡢヨᩱࡣ⋞Ṋᒾ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୍㒊ࡣࣂࢧࢼ࢖ࢺ
㸦࢝ࣥࣛࣥᒾ࡟ᐩࡴ⋞Ṋᒾ㸧ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊXGT ศᯒ࡟ࡼࡾࠊᒾ▼ヨᩱ࡟ࡣྵࡲࢀࡿࢳࢱ
ࣥ㍤▼ࡣ Fe ࠾ࡼࡧ Ti ࡟ᐩࡳࠊ࢝ࣥࣛࣥᒾࡣ Fe ࡟ᐩࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࠋ୍㒊ࡢヨᩱ࡟ࡣከᩘࡢẼἻࡀ࠶ࡾࠊCa ࡟ᐩࡴ㒊ศࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⪃ᐹ⌧ᆅㄪᰝࠊᒾ▼ヨᩱ࠾ࡼࡧ◊✲ᆅᇦ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ࢆཧ⪃࡟࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥ࡢⅆᒣᓥࡢᡂᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ 2 ࡘࡢㄝ᫂ࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋ1.

ࢳ࣮ࣗࢡ⎔♋࠾ࡼࡧ࣏ࣥ࣌࢖ᓥࡣࠊᕧ኱࡞┪≧ⅆᒣࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ࢥࢫ࢚ࣛㄪᰝࡣࡲࡔ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵ┬␎㸧ࠋࡇࡢ┪≧ⅆᒣࡣࠊࣂࢧࢼ࢖ࢺࠊ࢝ࣥࣛࣥ▼࡟ᐩࡴ࢔ࣝ࢝ࣜ⋞Ṋᒾ➼࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊヨᩱࡢከࡃࡣ㠀㢧ᬗ㉁࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⋞Ṋᒾࡀᛴ෭ୗ࡜ゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ୍㒊ࡢヨᩱ࡟ࡣ㢧ᬗ㉁ࡢ࢝ࣥࣛࣥ▼ࡸᩳ᪉㍤▼࡞࡝ࡣࡸࡸ῝㒊࡛࣐ࢢ࣐ࡢศ໬࡟కࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ⋞Ṋᒾ୰ᤕ⋓ᒾ࡜ࡋ࡚ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࢝ࣥࣛࣥᒾࡣࠊ࣐ࣥࢺࣝ㉳※ࡢ㒊ศࡀ⋞ṊᒾⓎ⏕᫬࡟ᤕ⋓ࡉࢀࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

2.

XGT ࠾ࡼࡧ XRF ศᯒ࠿ࡽᒾ▼ヨᩱ࡟ࡣྵࡲࢀࡿ Fe ࠾ࡼࡧ Ti ࡟ᐩࡴࢳࢱࣥ㍤▼ࡣࠊ࣐ࢢ࣐ࡢศ໬ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛⤖ᬗ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㖔≀࡜ࡋ࡚ㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊከᩘࡢẼἻࡣ஧ḟⓗ࡞ⅆᒣάືࢆ♧ࡋࠊⅆᒣ࢞ࢫ࡟ᐩࡴⅆᒣᒾ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢẼἻ࡟ࡣᾏỈ⎔ቃୗ࡛᪉ゎ▼ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ CaCO3 ࡀᬗฟࡋࡓ࡜ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࠋXRF ᐃ㔞ศᯒࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᒾ▼ࢆྠᐃࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊᒾ▼ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀ⋞Ṋᒾ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⋞Ṋᒾ୰࡛ࡶ᭦࡟⤠ࡾ㎸ࡴ࡜ࠊAlkaline ୖ࡛࠶ࡾࠊOcean Island Alkali basalts㸦OIA㸧࡜ࡋุู࡚ࡋࡓࠋࡲ࡜ࡵᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ⌧ᆅㄪᰝ࠾ࡼࡧᒾ▼ࡢศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥ࡢⅆᒣᛶࡢᓥࠎࡢᡂᅉࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ┠ⓗࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡣ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ㉳※ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ

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REHMAN Hafiz Urࡶࡢ㸦SPENGLER 1990㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௜㏆ࡢࣉ࣮ࣞࢺࡢᵓ㐀࠾ࡼࡧⅆᒣᒾࡢᖺ௦ⓗࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ㉳※ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ᭱㏆ࠊREHMAN et al.㸦2013㸧࡟ࡼࡿ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥ࡢⅆᒣᓥࡣỿࡳ㎸ࡳᖏࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ Fracture-Induced Volcanism ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ᙧᡂࡢ㆟ㄽࡀฟࡉࢀࠊ௒ᚋࠊ⌧ᆅㄪᰝ࡛᥇ྲྀࡋࡓᒾ▼ヨᩱࡢࡼࡾヲࡋ࠸ศᯒ࠾ࡼࡧᖺ௦ ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ணᐃ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࣑ࢡࣟࢿࢩ࢔㐃㑥ࡢⅆᒣᓥࡢ㉳※ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
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⏣ᒣ฼୕㑻 1952㸬༡ὒ⩌ᓥࡢ⌈⍚♋㸬Ỉ㊰㒊ሗ࿌㸪11㸦941㸧
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ྜྷ஭ṇᩄ 1936㸬༡ὒㅖᓥ㠀▼⅊ᒾ▼␐グ㸬ᮾ໭ᖇᅧ኱Ꮵ⌮Ꮵ㒊ᆅ㉁Ꮵྂ⏕≀Ꮵᩍᐊ◊✲㑥ᩥሗ࿌㸪22㸸1-50㸬