75 CENTS
eIectron î s.
A McGRAW HILL WEEKLYNOVEMBER

1,

1963

c

Tower At
Barstow
Low-frequency
system can resist
nuclear activity(photo right)

NEXT WEEKAT NEREM
Highlights of thetechnical program

IT'S THE
p-MOST
Field-effect device
uses hole current

PLATED HOLES
FOR MEMORIES
Getting benefits ofthin films and cores

I3
RSV& aàiï'l &duce
956 Yrr••

MULTIMETER

withCONVENIENCELABORATORYPRECISION!

te.3
Look what you can measure with the hp 410C Electronic Voltmeter:
1. dc voltage, 1.5 mv to 1500 v; no zero set

2. dc current, 0.15 nanoamps to 150 ma; no zero set
3. ac voltage, 50 mv to 300 v; to 700 mc
4. resistance, 0.2 ohm to 500 megohms;
no zero or 0.0 set
Never in electronic measurement has so small
an instrument done so much so well! Ideal for use
in the lab or service department or on the production line. A unique hybrid circuit eliminates drift(and the need for a zero set) and provides suchfeatures as 100 megohms dc voltmeter input impedance; low resistance recorder output, 1.5 ydc
at full scale; dc voltage accuracy of ± 2% of fullscale, current accuracy of ±- 3% of full scale, floating input for measurement to 400 yabove chassis
ground. The 410C also incorporates a rugged individually calibrated taut band meter movement. Get
all the facts from the specifications below. Then
get a demonstration from your Hewlett-Packard
field engineer.
Data subject to change without notice. Prices f.o.b. factory.

HEWLETT
PACKARDCOMPANYOC VOLTMETER
Range:
Accuracy:
Input resistance:
DC AMMETER
Ranges:Accuracy:
Input resistance:
Special current
ranges:OHMMETER
Range:
Accuracy:
AMPLIFIER
Voltage gain:
Output:Power:

1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, Calif. 94304, (415) 326-7000.
S.A., 54 Route des Acacias, Geneva, Switzerland; Canada,
Hewlett-Packard (Canada) Ltd., 8270 Mayrand St., Montreal, Que.

±- 1.5 ma to ± 150 ma full scale± 3% of full scale, any range
decreasing from 9 k ohms on 1.5 ua scale to approx.
0.3 ohm on 150 ma scale=F_. 1.5, 1: 5, and ± 15 nanoamps to ± 5% on the 15,
50 and 150 my ranges using voltmeter probe
10 ohms to 10 megohms, center scale± 5% of reading at mid-scale

100 maximum
proportional to meter indication; 1.5 y dc at fullscale; maximum current 1ma; impedance less than
3 ohms at dc
3 db at 1/ cps; approx. 66 db at 50 cps and higher
2
AC rejection:
frequencies for signals less than 1600 y peak or 30
times full scale, whichever is smaller
Noise:
less than 0.5% of full scale on any range (p-p)
less than 0.5% of full scale/year at constant tempDC drift:
erature; less than 0.02% of full scale/"C
Recovery:recovers from 100:1 overload in less than 3 sec
AC VOIlMf Tf II (hp 1103GA At Probe required)
Ranges:0.5 y to 300 y full scale, 7 ranges
Accuracy:.± 3% of full scale at 400 cps for sinusoidal voltages
from 0.5 to 300 y rms; ac probe responds to the positive peak-above-average value of applied signal—3% ± 2% at 100 mc; ± 10% from 20 cps to 700
Frequency
mc (400 cps reference); indications to 3000 mc
response:
20 cps to 700 mc
frequency range:
Input impedance:
input capacity 1.5 pf, input resistance greater than
10 megohms at low frequencies; at high frequencieE•
impedance drops because of dielectric loss
calibrated in rms volts for sine wave input
Meter:
GENERAL
Maximum input:

Sales and service in all principal areas. Europe, Hewlett-Packard-± 15 my to ± 1500 y full scale
2% of full scale, any range
100 megohms ± 1% on 500 my range and above; 10
megohms ± 1% on 15 mv, 50 my and 150 my ranges
I=

Dimensions:Price:
Option 01:

dc-100 y on 15, 50 and 150 my ranges; 500 y on 0.5
to 15 vranges; 1600 yon higher ranges; ac-100 times
full scale or 450 y peak, whichever is less
115 or 230 volts ± 10%, 50 to 100 cps; 13 watts (20watts with hp 11036A probe)
6-17/32" high, 5-1/8" wide, 11" deep behind panel
hp 410C, $300
hp 11036A Probe calibrated with instrument, add $50
to price of 410C; 11036A, $60 when ordered separately

86', 0CIRCLE 900 ON READER SERVICE CARDNOVEMBER

1,

1963

electronics
A McGRAW-HILL WEEKLY

75

CENTS

W. W. MacDONALD, Editor
Telephone Area Code 212 (971-2645)
J. M. CARROLL, Managing Editor (2293)
SENIOR EDITORSSamuel Weber (2371)
George W. Sideris (3444)
SENIOR ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Michael F. Wolff (2600)
John F. Mason (2666)
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Michael F. Tomaino (2071)
William P. O'Brien (2297)
George J. Flynn (2188)
George V. Novotny (3151)
Leon H. Dulberger (3446)
Alexander A. McKenzie (2685)
ASSISTANT EDITORS
Stephen B. Gray (2245)
Barry A. Briskman (2306)
Dan Smith (2467)
Joel A. Strasser (2127)
REGIONAL EDITORSHarold C. Hood,
1125 W. 6th St., Los Angeles 90017, Calif.
(213-482-5450)
Laurence D. Shergalis,John Hancock Bldg., 255 California St.,San Francisco 94111, Calif. (415-362-4600)
Thomas Maguire
McGraw-Hill Bldg., 607 Boylston St.,
Boston 02116, Mass. (617-262-1160)
Cletus M. Wiley,
Blair Bldg., 645 N. Michigan Ave.,
Chicago 60611, Ill. (312-664-5800)
ART DIRECTOR
Howard R. Berry (2430)
ASSISTANT ART DIRECTORJohn C. Wright, Jr. (3430)
EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS
Lorraine Rossi, Virginia T. Bastian,
Lynn Emery, Ann Mella, Lorraine Werner,
Alice M. O'Brien, Sharon Parks,
Claire Benell, Kay Fontana
FOREIGN NEWS BUREAU
DIRECTOR, John Wilhelm, (2532);
Lawrence Mihlon (2997), Alyne Elias(2998)LONDON—John Shinn, Derek Barlow,
Nicholas Landon, 34 Dover St., London
W.1, England
BONN—Bruce Bendow, Richard Mikton,
SiIke McQueen, Mittelstrasse 39, Bad
Godesberg, Germany
BRUSSELS-27 Rue DucarIe, Brussels,
Belgium
PARIS—Robert Farrell, Arthur Erikson,
17 Ave. Matignon, 3rd FL, Paris 8,
FranceMILAN—Marc A. Messina, Via Manzoni
No. 12, Milan, Italy
MEXICO CITY—Wesley Perry, Jr.,
Lafragua 4-314, Mexico 1 D.F. Mexico
RIO DE JANEIRO—Leslie Warren, Rua
Mexico 3-S/1507 1509, Rio de Janeiro,
BrazilMOSCOW—Stewart Ramsey,
Kutuzovsky Prospekt 19, Apt. 28-29,
Moscow, USSRTOKYO—Richard Halloran, Charles Cohen,John Yamaguchi, Toranomon Sangyo
Bldg., 1 Kotohiracho Shiba, Minato-Ku,
Tokyo, Japan
CIRCULATION MANAGER
Hugh J. Quinn (2310)

C. C. RANDOLPH, Publisher (2016)

TALL TOWER. Rising 1,210 feet above the California desert near
Barstow is an antenna that marks the center of acommunicationssite being developed by Space-General for the Air Force Electronics Systems Division. The installation also includes transmitters, receivers and buried antenna elements. It is said tomake up a low-frequency communications system capable ofmaintaining contact between USAF bases even during anuclear
attack. About half the guywire system acts also as an antenna.
See p 11COVER
A RADIO FOR EVERY SOLDIER? In its hunt for radio sets thatcan be carried by front-line soldiers, Army is now trying miniature receivers and transmitters, instead of transceivers. Army
hopes they can eliminate hand signals and shouting among squadmembers, which now expose combat patrols to enemy detection

10

SURVIVABLE COMMUNICATIONS. Air Force is investigating
low-frequency communications, as ameans of maintaining global
communications despite nuclear-caused radio blackout and ionospheric height changes. For tests, a 1,210-ft antenna has been
built near Edwards Air Force Base

11

MINUTEMAN'S MICROCOMPUTER. Completion of the firstmicroelectronic computer for the Improved Minuteman ICBM
was reported last week. It required asteady acceleration in supplies of integrated circuits. Integrated-circuit yields are still low

14

NEREM SESSION. A post-deadline session has just been scheduled, the first in NEREM's history. There won't be any newproduct-oriented seminars this year, but one NEREM official
favors adding them by 1965

14

RESEARCH IN NEW ENGLAND. Our sampling of next week's
NEREM meeting includes: semiconductor laser radar using ahigh-power GaAs diode, hydrogen-oxygen fuel battery system,
traveling-wave parametric amplifier, traveling-wave coherentlight modulators, microelectronic synchronous filter for telephoneswitching, construction of a high-frequency monolithic linear
amplifier and rheotaxial or vacuum-deposited silicon thin films.
The high-frequency microcircuit amplifier makes use of boththin-film and diffusion processes.
By T. Maguire

23

GLASS-TUBE ARRAY PRODUCES MANY BEAMS. The problem was to arrive at a modular design for military antennas
that could provide various radiation characteristics controlled
by simple mechanical means and present a narrow, nonmetallic
silhouette. The answer was a mechanically steerable zoom
antenna composed of glass-fiber rods. Separation and angles
between array elements are controlled by rotation of spiral-slot
disks in front and back of the tubes.
By K. Ikrath and W. Schneider, US Army Electronics R&D Lab.

28

Contents

continued

electronics
November 1, 1963

Vol. 36, No. 44

Published weekly, with Electronics
Buyers' Guide as part of the subscription, by McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Inc. Founder: James
H. McGraw (1860-1948).

Contents continued
NOVEL FIELD-EFFECT DEVICE PROVIDES BROADBAND
GAIN. Field-effect, hole-conducting metal-oxide-semiconductortransistors (p-MOST) consist of an n-type silicon substrate into
which are diffused two adjacent islands of p-type conductivity.
A silicon-oxide insulating layer overlays the area between thetwo p regions and athin metal gate electrode is deposited on theoxide layer. A p-MOST does not conduct until the gate is biased
with the same polarity voltage as the output. It is a voltageoperated device whose gate draws no d-c. By F. M. Wanlass,Fairchild Semiconductor

30

OFFICERS OF THE PUBLICATIONSDIVISION:
Shelton Fisher, President; Vice Presidents: Joseph H.
Allen, Operations; John R. Callaham, Editorial; Ervin E. DeGraff,
Circulation;
Donald C.
McGraw,Jr., Advertising Sales; Angelo R.
Venezian, Marketing.

PLATED HOLES SIMPLIFY MEMORY DESIGN. New thin-film
memories afford higher-speed operation than conventional ferrite
cores; however, the open-flux nature of most of these devices
gives rise to phenomena such as creep and dispersion. This approach combines the advantages of a thin-film memory withthe desirable characteristics of closed-flux magnetic paths.
By J. S. Sallo, Honeywell Research Center

34

OFFICERS OF THE CORPORATION:
Donald C. McGraw, President; HughJ. Kelly, Harry L. Waddell, L. Keith
Goodrich,
Executive Vice
Presidents; John L. McGraw, Treasurer;
John J. Cooke, Vice President andSecretary.

X-RAYS AND COMPUTERS. Biomedical researchers find that
digital and analog processing of radiographs enable them to makesharper analyses. In one case, alung malignancy that could not
be seen by the unaided eye became visible after digital processing

38

Title
registered U.S. Patent Office; (e) copyright 1963 by McGrawHill Publishing Co., Inc. All rights
reserved, including the right toreproduce the contents of thispublication, in whole or in part.
Executive, editorial, circulation andadvertising
offices:
McGraw-Hill
Building, 330 West 42nd Street,
New York, N. Y., 10036. Telephone
Area Code 212 971-3333. Teletype
TWX N. Y. 212-640-4646.
Cable
McGrawhill, N. Y.
PRINTED IN
ALBANY, N. Y.; second class postage paid at Albany, N. Y.

Subscriptions are solicited only
from those actively engaged in thefield of the publication. Positionand company connection must be
indicated on orders. Subscription
rates: United States and Possessions and Canada, $6.00 one year,$9.00
two years,$12.00 three
years. All other countries $20.00
one year.
Single copies, UnitedStates and Possessions and Canada 75e. Single copies all othercountries $1.50.
THE PUBLISHER, UPON WRITTENREQUEST TO OUR NEW YORK OFFICEFROM ANYSUBSCRIBER,
AGREES TO REFUND THAT PARTOF THESUBSCRIPTIONPRICEAPPLYING TO COPIES NOT YET
MAILED.
Subscribers: Please send changeof address notices, subscription
orders or complaints to Fulfillment
Manager, Electronics, at the address below. Change of address
notices should provide old as well
as new address, including postal
zone number if any. If possible,
attach address label from recent
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to become effective.
Postmaster: Please send Form 3579
to Fulfillment Manager, Electronics, P. 0. Box 430, Hightstown,
New Jersey, 08520.

t
e
ib)
„„
Audited Paid Circulation

DEPARTMENTS
Crosstalk. Lean and Hungry

5Comment.

6

Vela Hotel.

Capacitance Chargers

Electronics Newsletter. Implanted Radio Receiver Aids
Paraplegics

17

Meetings Ahead. National Aerospace Electronics
Conference

18

Washington This Week. Stimulants for R&D Sought as
Defense-Space Work Wanes

20

Research and Development. Thick-Film Memory Has
High Output

40

Components and Materials. Light Isolates Amplifier
Stages43

Production Techniques. Wires Cut Crystals Accurately

46

New Products. Camera Aids Luminous Transient Studies

49

Literature of the Week

52

People and Plants. NCC Expanding Plant

54

Index to Advertisers

60

Why Allen-Bradley hot molding is
so important to resistor performance• First and foremost, Allen-Bradley's exclusive hot
molding provides a uniformity that cannot be matchedby any other resistors on the market — afact with which
hundreds of Allen-Bradley customers have becomeacquainted through their experience for over 30 years.
Such history of uniformity in physical dimensions andelectrical properties from one resistor to the next ...
from one order to the next ...has been demonstrated
in the production of more than ten billion resistors.
In addition, with their stable characteristics and conservative ratings providing an extra margin of safety, you
can accurately predict long term resistor performance
under various circuit conditions— and at all times becertain of complete freedom from catastrophic failures.
A unique manufacturing method is the key which

TYPE TB 1/10 WATTMIL TY PE RC 06

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TYPE GB 1W ATTTYPE HB 2 W AT TS/ \makes all this possible. Allen-Bradley's hot molding
technique is unlike anything in the industry, because
both the process and the automatic machines — withbuilt-in precision control — were developed and perfected by Allen-Bradley. Here, the resistance material,
insulation material, and lead wires are hot molded into
one solid integral structure that's mechanically strong—completely free of cracks which might admit moisture.
There are additional reasons why more and moreleading electronic manufacturers are standardizing on
Allen-Bradley hot molded resistors. Complete specifications are furnished in Technical Bulletin 5050. Please
send for your copy, today: Allen-Bradley Co., 110 W.
Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. 53204. In Canada:
Allen-Bradley Canada Ltd., Galt, Ont.

ALLEN-BRADLEYQUALITY ELECTRONICCOMPONENTSMIL TY PE RC 42,

electronics November 1, 1963

CIRCLE 3 ON READER SERVICE CARD

3

Product of the Month:
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Major contributions are currently
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for public utilities.
SPACE CONDITIONING:
electronically programmed environmental controls and systems forindustrial, commercial, and military applications.
SYSTEMS:
Systems Laboratories conduct
research, development and study
programs in reconnaissance, electronic countermeasures, interfer-

Increasingly complex advanced systems depend heavily on basic components
for reliability, weight and space savings. Knowing this, Electronic Specialty
developed a micro-micro-miniature magnetic latching relay that is ideallysuited to sophisticated aerospace systems as well as technically advanced industrial applications. The new "pico" relay is a hermetically sealed, two pole
double throw type that weighs only 0.35 ounce, with acontact rating from 10
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Fernando

ometer phased array systems, andtotal energy packages; integrating
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For information concerning the corporate systems capability, product line,or research and development programs,
write to the Director of Marketing,address below.

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CIRCLE 202 ON READER SERVICE CARDCROSSTALK
Lean and Hungry
ALL IS NOT ROSES with all of the electronics industry everywhere. Grand totals continue to be impressive on a national level, but in regions relying
heavily on defense-space electronics the Administration's current attitude toward new R&D and procurement is causing considerable concern.
For example, while gathering material for thisweek's preview of the NEREM conference, ourregional editor in Boston, Tom Maguire, surveyed thebusiness situation locally and came up with the following conclusion: "There's nothing wrong withelectronics in New England that isn't wrong with thedefense-space business everywhere."
The area, Maguire says, is afflicted with "the triple
malady of the defense-space business today: stretchout, overcapacity, concentration of business within arelatively few firms." Besides the Defense Department's procurement-cycle stretchout, he says, New
England now fears a stretchout in Apollo and otherNASA programs. The situation is further aggravatedby DOD's stand against "proliferation of R&D contracts." New England, Maguire points out, has mostof its eggs in the RDT&E basket.
A rash of merger negotiations indicates the plightof many small firms. Increased use of fixed-price or
incentive contracts is raising the investment needs ofsuch companies and jeopardizing the small cost-plusfixed-fee type of research outfit characteristic of New
England. These companies also depend largely on
subcontracts, and today prime contractors are keeping more work in-house despite frequent allegations
to the contrary.
The Boston area hopes the proposed NASA electronics research center will be located nearby and willat least partially solve the problem. But it may be along time coming, and might not do for New England

RADIOTELESCOPE at Sagamore Hill peers into adarkeningsky. This installation is part of the Air Force's researchcomplex centered in Bedford, Mass.

what the NASA center in Houston might do for Texas.
In Boston, the surrounding industrial complex alreadyexists.
What then is the solution for New England? Likeother parts of the country in a similar position, New
England is trying hard to get big new defense-spacecontracts. It is also going after new civilian markets.
New England appears to be seeking new civilian markets, in fact, with more vigor than most other areas•because, Maguire says, engineers and management
people are already becoming "lean and hungry.""You don't develop new products on full stomachs,"he quotes an industry leader. "The fluff has gone outof this business, so now more of us are applying imagination and ingenuity to translating defense R&D into
products for a big-volume civilian market."

Coming In Our November 8 Issue
NEW COMPUTER MEMORIES. While ferrite cores,
magnetic drums and disks, and tapes are still the lords ofthe memory domain, the microelectronics revolution isfostering the development of new forms of memories.

vice shows promise as a means of generating substantial
power in a largely untapped portion of the spectrum.
The device reported on has shown a power gain of 40
db at 38 Ge.

Laminated ferrites, thin films, cryoelectric devices andorganic diodes—these are some of the approaches being
tried in the attempt to find memories more compatible
with microelectronic computers.
Next week, our lead feature article will provide you• R-f properties of solid-state components. This is
an important consideration in weapons-system design,
since with adequate information control designers canprevent premature actuation of weapons.
• Analog ratio computer that uses a Hall-effect multiplier. This unique computer required development of a
new type of transducer.

with an opportunity to catch up with these developmentsthat may eventually lead to memories that are high inspeed, large in capacity and low in cost despite their small
size.
Other topics that will be covered next week include:• Beam plasma amplifier. This millimeter-wave deelectronics November 1, 1963

• Using varactors to extend frequency control range.
Described in this article will be an afc circuit that improves performance of transistorized radio receivers, but
requires fewer components.
5

COMMENTVELA HOTELIn ELECTRONICS, Oct. 18 (p 57), Test-Ban Monitors Set for Launch, by John
Wasik, he mentions that the Vela Hotel project is part of a "highly classified
program" and that it is governed by "tight-lipped officials." Yet he goes on to
give voluminous details on the satellite: its purpose, its altitude, its ground support
stations, its detectors, logic system—in short, everything one would want to know
about it. Fine reporting, but. ... He calls them secret satellities.
Roy FAANANEN
Concord, Massachusetts

SlUtGuE• Vela Hotel is not that secret. If it were, it would not have been launched from
Cape Canaveral (a noted tourist attraction), nor would information on it beavailable in AEC publications and in published Congressional hearings.
As to our article giving voluminous details, a detailed article in ELECTRONICS
usually contains schematics or at least block diagrams. Almost no informationon the logic and telemetry systems of Vela Hotel has been made available to thepress, and therefore we printed virtually no information on these "sensitive"
subsystems.

VALUE ENGINEERINGSPRAGUIsPnRcuESPRAGUESPRAGUE CAST MICA
CAPACITORS
Encapsulated in high-temperature epoxy resin by
specially patented process
One-third smaller in size
and weight than oldfashioned
pottedassemblies
New shapes and mountings—can be used with orwithout mounting plates

Operation to 125 C without derating
Superior thermal conductivity —higher
r-f current capabilities
Rugged cast housing with hermetic seals
eliminates use of potting waxes
Exceed MIL Specifications
For application engineering
assistance write to Mica Capacitor Section, Field Engineering
Dept. For complete technicaldata write for Engineering Bulletins 1230 and 1240 to Technical Literature Service, Sprague
Electric Co.,
35 Marshall St.,
North Adams, Massachusetts.

SPRAGUE®
THE MARK OF RELIABILITY

In the Oct. 25 Comment (p 6), Dave Fram's engineering training seems to havebeen unusual. The one commonly predominant concept that was characteristicof most of my engineering courses was the engineer's responsibility for designs
that were "cheaper and more efficient." In fact, this phrase was used as a stock
student's answer to an instructor's questions for which one might have been unprepared, and invariably it was correct.
Ithink reader Fram is confusing the engineer with the scientist. This is understandable, since many engineers can and do make the transition by virtue of
their scientific backgrounds and aptitudes.
Iagree that the mentioned value program is imperative, but not for convincing
the practicing engineer that "cost is just as important as function." The good old
American spirit of competition has been and is doing just that since 1776. Let'sconvince him to be more aggressive towards this end, now more significant thanever, as evidenced by DOD specs.
W ILLIAM PLEXNIESJamaica, New YorkmW, NOT MW
Ihave just made some giant step through your issue of Sept. 13, and have been
shocked to read on p 65 that there should exist a shift register which requires"Only 17 MW Per Bit". ...
We know here in Europe that in your country there has been for a long timesome struggle how to write correctly the different multiples of decimal multipliers. ...
OSKAR STURZINGER
Baar, Zug
Switzerland• Leider pfuscht. Or, we goofed.

CAPACITANCE CHARGERS
In my article, Capacitance Chargers for Space Employ Controlled Rectifiers(p 32, Oct. 11), there are these errors:
The last sentence of p 32 should read: "For an SCR charger, the actual
current waveshape obtained is shown in Fig. 3."
Line 6 of p 33 should read: ". ..may be calculated to be 0.38 that of theideal charger.
The caption for Fig. 2 should read: "HALF-SINE waveform Al has an averagevalue that equals A2 ...SCR firing angle varies in proportion to the voltage
on the charged capacitance. ..."The Fig. 3 caption should read: "SCR charger waveforms, voltage, top, andcurrent, bottom (A); complete duty cycle (B)—Fig. 3"
FELIX ELLERN
Republic Aviation Corporation
Farmingdale, New York

45C-141.133

6

CIRCLE 6 ON READER SERVICE CARD

November 1, 1963

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CIRCLE 8 ON READER SERVICE CARD

November 1,

1963

electronics

A fighting non-corn meets the test
Sperry Utah uses AMP* Patchcord Programming Systems to test Army's supersonic ballistic missile

the Sergeant. Giving theSergeant system "before-combat physicals" isthe job of Sperry Utah developed Sergeant Manual
Test Station (SMTS).

Currently used in more than 60 individual test
programs in Sperry's Sergeant manufacturing
process; SMTS could easily be adapted to perform
100 or 1,000 programs.
Key to SMTS's flexibility is A-MP Patchcord Programming System which makes possible produc-

microvolt region of operation.
• Semi-permanent or
patchcords.

permanent

twin

detent• Pre-insulated crimped contacts.
• Precise silk screening for multi-color circuit
identification.
• Complete assortment of program system sizes
in both universal and shielded types.
Get the full story on A-MP Patchcord Programming
Systems. Send for complete details today.
RTrademark of AMP INCORPORATED.

tion line, 4th echelon, depot, or other high-speed,
sub-assembly level testing.
Some significant features of A-MP Patchcord Programming Systems:• Double wiping action in contact design assuresmaximum conductivity at all times—even in theelectronics

November 1, 1963

INCORPORATED
Harrisburg,

Pennsylvania_t

AMP products and engineering assistance are available through subsidiary companies in: Australia• Canada • England • France • Holland • Italy • Japan • Mexico • West Germany

CIRCLE 9 ON READER SERVICE CARD

9

HELMET-ATTACHED
receiverandhand-carriedtransmitterareexpected to improve combat control

Army May Buy Radios forEvery Front-Line Soldier
Now being tested are
15-ounce transmittersand 9-ounce receivers

WASHINGTON, D. C.—In its hunt
for radio sets small enough to be
used by every private in a combat
patrol, Army has now come up witha 9-ounce receiver and a 15-ouncetransmitter. Army's hope is thatsquad members will be able to communicate without the shouting or
hand-waving that now exposes themto enemy detection.
The new radio set was shown at
the annual meeting of the Associa-

tion of the U. S. Army, held here
last week. Other equipment unveiled included an electronic hitkill indicator for firing weapons atlive targets, the first engineering
mockup of the Lance missile system, and a new battlefield surveillance drone.
Miniature Radio—The new squadradios are compatible with otherf-m radios used by Army in forward
areas, so they can be used for tactical as well as intra-squad communications. A soldier clips the receiver to his helmet and listens toasmall built-in speaker, or puts theset in his pocket and uses an earpiece. The transmitter is hand-car-

Bad Medicine for Semiconductors
Without shielding inspace, solar flares would
sap 70 percent of gain

BALTIMORE—Unshielded 50-Mc
npn silicon transistors and 10-Mc
pnp germanium transistors would
suffer a reduction of 70 percent incommon emitter current gain whensubjected to class 3+ solar flares
if used in LEM during an Apollo
mission to the moon.
Lower-frequency transistor types
would suffer even greater degradation. Resistors and capacitors, on
the other hand, will remain unaffected even by 10 times the radiation experienced during asolar flare.
10

These estimates were given by RCA
last week at the East Coast Conference on Aerospace and Navigational Electronics.
Ionization Effects—Speaking on theeffects of radiation on electronic
components for LEM (lunar excursion module), D. A. Gandolfo
and J. J. Stekert, of RCA Applied
Research, indicated that in-can
ionization dose from a solar flareis 1.17 >< 10 5 rads and that theresulting surface effects would beshown by an increase in reverse
leakage current. Depending on themagnitude of the bias, this current
could increase by factors of from
5 to 104. A 1-gm/cm2 aluminum
shield would reduce the damage bya factor of 4 in silicon and 5 ingermanium transistors.

ried or is clipped to the soldier's
pack harness. Antennas are a 12inch flexible tape, for receiving, anda telescoping, 24-inch whip fortransmitting.
The band in which they operate,
47 to 57 Mc, has 100 channels. The
receiver (AN/PRR-9) can be preset
to a single channel, the transmitter(AN/PRT-2) to 2 channels. Bothunits are crystal controlled. Transmitter range is 500 yards in alowpower (70 mw) channel and 1milein ahigh-power (350 mw) channel.
The sets operate for 24 hours before
batteries are changed.
Receiver circuits (r-f amplifiers,a double-conversion i-f amplifier,audio and squelch circuits) use 14
transistors and 8 diodes, mounted
on printed-circuit boards. The transmitter uses 13 transistors and 2
diodes in its voltage regulator, audio
amplifier, crystal-stabilized modulator, crystal oscillator, mixer circuits
and r-f amplifiers. Receiver sensitivity is 0.5 mv for a 10-db s/n
ratio.
The
sets were designed
at
USAERDL, Fort Monmouth. Delco
Radio aided in development and isbuilding the sets that will be used
for field tests.
Hit-Kill Indicator — Trainees atArmy's Combat Developments Experimentation Center are "destroying" tanks and other live targets
with adevice that uses infrared flash
pulses and aphoto-electric telescope
to hit and record the results. The
paper "ammunition" is a data card
fed into the control unit on the firing weapon to instruct it to lockand fire on a target which sends
back the same identifying ir pulse.
The device, developed by Aircraft
Armaments, completes a fire misNovember 1,

1963

electronics

sion in less than a half second, canbe used for weapons capable of
4,000-meter ranges. Other versions
are man-portable for simulated
combat with the M-14 rifle.
Radio data link is used to interrogate all targets. Signal is pulsed f-m
at 219.3 Mc. Ir receiver in electrooptical data link operates from 0.75
to 1.9 microns. Ir beacon uses
pulsed xenon filtered light with
50-kw peak power, and a 2-microsecond rise time.
Lance Missile—Full-scale engineering mock-up of Army's supersonic,
surface-to-surface ballistic missile,
Lance, was displayed for the firsttime. Designed to replace Lacrosse,
Honest John and possibly Little

KILLING END of the hit-kill indicator
is a photoelectric telescope in the
tank's barrel

John, the missile is still under development. Production decision will
be withheld pending demonstrationof its predicted performance.
Lance will use a simplified inertial guidance and control concept,
described as a low-cost, rugged
package conceived and developed byArmy Missile Command, Huntsville, Ala. Prime contractor for theentiresystemis
Ling-TemcoVought.
New Drone — Northrop's Ventura
div. unveiled a new battlefield surveillance drone, the NV-104, said
to double performance and payloadof current equipment while offeringmajor cost savings. Measuring 15
feet in length with an 11-foot wingspan, the NV-104 is controlled byground-based radio and can carrycameras and other sensory equipment.
electronics

November 1,

1963

Can L-F Communications
Beat Nuclear Blackout?
Air Force built thattall tower at Barstow
to investigate the idea
By HAROLDRegional

HOOD
Editor,Los Angeles

LOS ANGELES—Test phase has
recently been completed on a survivable communications system prototype employing one of the world's
tallest structures—a 1,210-foot vertical low-frequency transmitting antenna (cover photo).
The program, aimed at determining the effectiveness of long-distance, 1-f communications in thepresence of nuclear activity, was under the direction of the Electronic
Systems Division, U. S. Air Force
Systems Command, and carried out
by Space-General Corp (an Aerojet-General subsidiary).
One of three originally planned
for the Southern California area, thetop-loaded, base-insulated monopole
is located in the Lucerne Valley 30
miles east of Edwards Air Force
Base. An Air Force spokesman told
ELECTRONICS that plans for additional towers have not yet beenformulated, and that results of thetest program cannot be revealed at
this time.
It has been reported, however,that engineers have succeeded insending data in excess of 1,200
miles, and it is believed that twice
this distance could be achieved withexisting equipment.
Beating the Blackout—Air Forces,
planners believe that, in case of nuclear attack, 1-f global communications systems would be less vulnerable to such nuclear-caused
phenomena as radio blackout andchange in ionosphere height. Having long-range capabilities, such
systems also maintain reasonably
good phase stability and remain
relatively unaffected by normal atmospheric changes such as thoseoccurring at daybreak and nightfall.
One way to combat the possibility of the Air Forces' conventional
communications being knocked out,
they reason, is to erect multiple 1-f
antennas at strategic locations acrossthe nation. Communications between the antenna site and nearby
air bases, for example, would beby "conventional means." If one or
two were knocked out, the surviving
antennas could carry on the job.
Tower Design — The prototype
tower, built by Dressor-Ideco, Inc.,is triangular in cross-section andapproximately 7 feet on a side.
Three sets of three guy wires support the structure and the tipmounted "umbrella" is formed by
six guy wires. Radial elements are
imbeddedslightly
beneaththeground surface for the purpose of
testing propagation characteristics
of buried antenna systems.
A square Copperweld groundmat, roughly 200 feet on a side,lies on the desert surface at the baseof the antenna. Trailer-enclosed
electronic gear, operated by a fourman Air Force crew, is locatednearby. The antenna structure issaid to be capable of withstanding
winds up to 160 miles per hour.

ANTENNA is almost as tall as Empire State Building11

This Relay Obeys A 50-mw Signal...Even at 30 g's
The Sigma Series 32 contacts don't chatter during vibration of 30 g's to 5,000
cycles, or shock of 100 g's. The uniquecross-leaf contact structure and magnetic circuit with horizontal coil also result in the 32's ability to switch reliably
up to 2 amps, with an input signal as
small as 50-mw—pulsed, sustained •or
gradually changing.

tactsare held magnetically in the position
last energized—without continuous coilsignal.
The relay is rugged, compact and operates at temperature extremes of —65°C
to +125°C. So reliable, the Series 32
helps shoot missiles, orbit satellites—andkeeps computers and office equipment
humming.

The Series 32 is a polarized, subminiature DC magnetic latching relay. Its con-

To help you take advantage of the outstanding capabilities of this relay, we'd

SIGMA DIVISION

like to send you our Design Bulletin
describing nearly 1,000 standard variations of the Series 32. Write to Department #32 ... or ask our applicationengineers to help you select the rightswitching control for your particularneed.
You can choose from more than 100,000
different standard Sigma relays — bothlatching and non-latching, electromagnetic and solid state.

'mg SIGMA INSTRUMENTS INC

Assured Reliability With Advanced Design/Braintree 85, Mass.

Is your circuit power limited?
Magnetic latching relays can conserve
power when used in a circuit likethis. For example, the Sigma Series 32
requires only 950 micro-joules with amatching RC constant of 450 microseconds. Single pulse operation ofrelays is covered more completely inSigma technical paper APN 2.3. Write
Department 196 for acopy.

12

CIRCLE 12 ON READER SERVICE CARD

November 1, 1963 electronics

•
HEINEMANN ELECTRIC CO.
TRENTON, NEW JERSEY

CAT. NO.
AMPS. 11CYCLES 60
PART NO.

AM12
VOLTS

250 AC

CUR. 5An open and shut casefor tight-spec overcurrent protection
You can't find another overcurrent-protection device that quite equals the Heinemann circuit breaker in adaptability toclose-tolerance protective functions.
With Heinemann you can match the
breaker to every important characteristicof your application because you can write
the specs for every major parameter ofbreaker performance.
Take current rating, for example. By
altering the number of ampere turns in the
breaker's sensing coil, we can make theprecise integral or fractional current rating
you specify. Anything from 0.010 to 200
amps. Even unusual ratings like 4.67 or
83.75 amps are no problem. (Some of ourcustomers regularly spec current ratings
out to three decimal places.)
Application load characteristics can bematched just as precisely with a hydraulically-controlled time-delay response. This
prevents nuisance tripping by allowing forstarting inrush and transient overloads.

Every breaker model is available in achoiceof several different response times. Or
with instantaneous-trip action.
Also optional are a variety of special internal circuits which permit the breaker toperform additional protective and control
functions. (Series-trip, relay-trip, andshunt-trip to name the more popular. There
are others.) You can spec these internal
circuits in any combination on multi-pole
breakers, too. The possibilities are virtuallyunlimited.
About the only parameter not open to
specification is hydraulic-magnetic actuation. Every Heinemann breaker has it. It
assures you that the specified current rating and trip points will not vary under any
ambient temperature within the breaker's
overall operating range.
Other than that, you're welcome to adapt
any breaker in the Heinemann line to suit
your own needs. We have a wide range ofmodels from subminiature size on up(eight distinctively different series in all).
Our Engineering Guide will give you detailed technical information, and may evensuggest some new circuit design possibilities. Just ask for Bulletin 202.

HEINEMANN ELECTRIC COMPANY 4, 2600 BRUNSWICK PIKE, TRENTON 2, N.J.
CIRCLE 13 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Microcomputer Comes Off
Minuteman computer iscompleted as supplyof microcircuits rise
LOS ANGELES—Last week, completion of the first of the microelectronic computers for the Improved
Minuteman ICBM (ELECTRONICS,
p 26, Feb. 15) was announced by
the Autonetics division of North
American Aviation. In fact, said
Autonetics, the computer is the first
production-designed microelectronic
computer built for the Air Force.
The program, begun two years
ago, is considered a pioneering effort in the use of microelectronics
on a large scale—and in their production and packaging.
According to Al Grant, whomemory storage is a magnetic disk.

NEW COMPUTER is small in comparison with the D17 computer (oncarriers in top photo) now used in
Minuteman's guidance system

NEREM: NEW SESSION BUT NO SEMINARS YETBOSTON—For the first time in its history, NEREM will offer a
post-deadline session, to permit late reports on Tyco Labs siliconcarbide, room-temperature laser (Electronics, P 17, Sept. 6)
and MIT's microwave measurements during the solar eclipse in
July (p 37, July 26). The special session will be at 1:30 p.m. next
Tuesday in the Hotel Somerset.
The program for the 17th Northeast Electronics Research andEngineering Meeting next week will be heavily flavored with invited review-type papers on frontier research.
One invitation declined was an offer from NEREM to the Electronic Industries Association. EIA is sponsoring a conference on
microwave component needs Sunday at the Sheraton-Plaza Hotel.
NEREM invited EIA to hold the conference Monday morning, before
the regular NEREM program.
The EIA conference is the nearest thing to a "rump" sessionthat has come to the attention of the NEREM committee. They
discussed, but did not act on permitting company-sponsoredseminars, such as those presented this week at the National
Electronics Conference in Chicago (p 26, Oct. 25).
Like WESCON, NEREM is just "watching" such seminars (p 29,
Aug. 9). But one NEREM committee member says: "We'll probably go hunting for outside sessions by 1965. If there is substantial interest in them, this would indicate the outside sessions
ought to be inside."He says a rump session is a "natural" for an aggressive sales
department, especially since many people who attend NEREM"are floored by the high-level technical sessions. They come tosee the exhibits and would also be happy to attend more applications-oriented seminars"

14

heads Autonetics' data systems division, the average number of integrated circuits received each week
in July was 305. This was increased
to 611 in August and during September to 1,449 a week. To stayon schedule for Minuteman B, thesuppliers will have to pump 4,375
circuits a week into Autonetics production lines by December. As oflast week, 12,837 integrated circuits
had been received for engineering
purposes and 6,106 for production
purposes.
A big problem at present is low
yields. Integrated-circuit yields, considering all process steps, are reported to be less than 1 percent.
The main problems are leaking caseseals, unsatisfactory bonding, andthe like. Autonetics stressed the reliability requirements for the computers.
Because the Minutemansites are spread so far apart, repairs
must be kept to aminimum to avoid
severe logistic problems.
Computer Functions—Initial working engineering models of the D37B
computer are being integrated into
Minuteman's new N-17 inertial
guidance. The D37B is a generalpurpose, digital data processor.
Before flight, the computer decodes and performs tasks assigned
by ground equipment. It controls
inertial platform alignment andchecks out the guidance and control system. It controls the terminal
countdown
andtransmitsthelaunching signal.
During flight, the computer accepts angular attitude and rate attitude information from the inertial
guidance platform, determining position in relation to launch point andprogrammed target. Output commands to flight control units keep
the missile on true ballistic trajectory.
During test flights, the computer
also makes available to the instrumentation
packagesynchronizedsignals and numerical data to be
telemetered to ground stations.
Computer
Operation — Internal
memory storage is a magnetic disk.
November 1,

1963

electronics

the Line
Logical mechanization of the computer uses the NAND gating structure.
The D37B operates under thecontrol of an internally stored program entered from tape, control
equipment keyboard, or similar input devices. The computer cansearch and/or read the next instruction while executing the current instruction.
The disk memory is driven by asynchronous motor and is supported
on both sides by air bearings. The
memory contains dual headplates,
one on each side, of the rotating
magnetic disk. The disk rotates synchronously with the 3-phase, 400cycle memory motor power supply
at a nominal 6,000-rpm speed.
Total working capacity is 6,966
24-bit words.
The number system used for internal computations is natural binary
with the 2's representing negative
numbers. A word may have one ofseveral formats depending on its use
as an instruction, a full or split
number.
Hermetic Packaging—The computeris packaged in ahermetically sealed
aluminum chassis with an installation envelope measuring 201 X 101
X 51 inches. It weighs 361 lbs,
not including the coolant. It is conduction-cooled by a liquid-cooledchassis. The computer is divided
into three sections: memory, logic
and input/output, and power supplies.
The memory includes five circuit
modules, and a master interconnectboard. Each module has 10 layersof etched circuitry; outside layers
provide for bonding of heat dissipators and integrated circuits, pinconnections to the master interconnect board, and a 160-pin test connector.
The master interconnect board
has 11 layers of etched circuits. It
provides interconnections between
the memory, circuit modules andlogic section. The logic, input-output section has 15 modules andcontains another master interconnectboard.
electronics November 1, 1963

"THIS BETTER BE GOOD !"....
...Iwouldn't have taken the time, if Standards hadn't sent you. As Iunderstand it, you sold them an oscillator, which they think can help me! Did they
fill you in?
Yes — they tell me the final test on your new line of amplifiers seems to bechewing up a lot more time than you'd like.
Time? Please! Every time the brass walks through here and sees those unshipped
instruments, Iget visions of my merit file being stuffed with nasty little notes!
Big problem's been in checking for frequency response and harmonic distortion. Just too bloody long on each instrument!

Take the tests one at a time. Frequency response. Been feeding preset amplitudes at frequency steps, reading amplifier output and comparing? Have to go
back to the signal source each time to check and reset its output amplitude at
every frequency?
Sure! Otherwise, I've got oscillator amplitude error in my gain figure.
OK. You don't have to. The frequency response of the Krohn-Hite 446 oscillator is within 0.01 db up to 20 kc, within 0.05 db all the way from 10 cps to
100 kc. And short-term amplitude stability of 0.01% !So, forget about resetting
voltage every time you change frequency.
Beautiful! Eliminating rechecking the source and re-setting will really speed
things up.
Now — what are you doing to the input signal when you measure harmonic
distortion of the amplifier? Have to purify the oscillator output?
Naturally!
Not at all. ..use the 446 as your source and forget about harmonic distortion— it's less than 0.02% from 400 cps to 5kc, and only 0.2% at 20 cps and 20
kc. Another thing — the 446 is available fully programmable for automatic
check-out — including self-checking, "enable" and "completed" circuits.
Brother — you've just saved me 8 hours an instrument! I'm going upstairs
right now and pinch a446. We can ship some amplifiers tonight!
Hold it! They're right in the middle of DVM calibrations with their 446's.
But I'll let you buy your own from me.
Dammit, progress always costs!

KROHN-HITECORPORATION
580 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge 39, Mass.
Area Code 617 491-3211
Pioneering in Quality Electronic Instruments

CIRCLE 15 ON READER SERVICE CARD

15

How Potter &Brumfield precision-cleansmissile relays for top reliability!
PROBLEM: How to reduce an unacceptably highreject rate on critical "crystal-case" electrical relays (first photo) at Potter & Brumfield, Division of American Machine & Foundry Company... eliminate employee problems of headaches and nausea due to solvent vapors.
SOLUTION :A new cleaning system using "Freon"
fluorinated solvents. "Freon" is an excellent
selective cleaning agent. It removes solder flux,
dust, lint and other contaminants, yet doesn't
harm delicate relay parts. Also, "Freon" is virtually non-toxic, thus eliminating complaints
about vapors.
In the cleaning process, abasket of relays is
first given a15-second ultrasonic bath in "Freon"
TMC, then an ultrasonic bath in "Freon" TF
for 15 seconds (second photo), and a15-second
rinse in TF vapor. Because of its low surface
tension, "Freon" quickly penetrates the tiny
spaces in the relays, allowing precision cleaningof delicate parts.
As a final cleaning step, the relay contacts
are washed in a spray of "Freon" TF, while
being electrically actuated (third photo). This assures that no particles are entrapped between
the contacts. Only the high dielectric strength.
of "Freon" makes this operation possible.
According to Potter & Brumfield, the adoption of "Freon" solvent cleaning has upgradedproduct quality, meeting their critically highstandards, equivalent to a 17% increase in production capacity while at the same time decreasing labor costs. They point out that "Freon"dries quickly and leaves no residue, and thatits non-flammability and low toxicity let them,
operate without expensive ventilating equipment.
They've found "Freon" solvents economical touse because they can be recovered in simple
equipment for reuse... over and over again. Most
important, "Freon" solvents have eliminatedemployee complaints on nausea and headaches.
• • • •
We'll be glad to give you help in selecting"Freon" solvents for use in your own cleaning
operation. Just write on your letterhead to
Du Pont,2420E-11Nemours Bldg., Wilmington
98, Delaware.

FREON® ei PON)T
solvents

BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING ,16

CIRCLE 16 ON READER SERVICE CARD

THROUGH CHEMISTRY

November 1,

1963

electronics

electronics NEWSLETTER

Implanted Radio Aids Paraplegics
FRANCIsco—An implanted radiophysiologic stimulator that controls bladder evacuation was reported yesterday at ameeting of theAmerican College of Surgeons. Doctors say the device might extend thelives of the estimated 200,000 paraplegics in the country. More thanhalf the deaths of paraplegics are
now attributed to complications involving the urinary tract.
The wrist-watch-shaped radio receiver weighs 4 ounces and requires
no internal power source.
It isplaced within asubcutaneous pocketon the left side of the abdomen.
Two stainless steel electrodes lead tothe detrusor muscle of the bladder.
A small transmitter, powered byfour transistor-radio batteries, isheld by the subject near the receiver.
When activated, it transmits pulses
of predetermined duration, frequency and amplitude causing bladder contraction and urine expulsion.
No wires pass through the body,
avoiding the serious risks of abdominal infection.
The device was developed at
Avco-Everett Research Laboratory
in Everett, Mass., and Maimonides
Hospital in Brooklyn. It was designed by Gurdon R. Abell of Avco.
The work at Maimonides is headed
by Dr. Adrian Kantrowitz and Dr.
Martin Schaumann. Director of the
Avco Lab is Arthur Kantrowitz,
Adrian's brother.
SAN

Syncom Time Delay Tolerable
delay in two-way voice transmission—considered one of the major drawbacks of synchronous communications satellites—is not as disconcerting as NASA engineers originally feared.
NEW YORK—Time

On Tuesday, one of our editors interviewed Russ Burke,NASA's Syncom project director via the Syncom II satellite.
The telephone conversation was relayed by regular telephoneground line from Washington to Goddard Space Flight Centerin Greenbelt, Md., to Syncom II in orbit 22,300 miles above
Brazil, from Syncom II to Lakehurst, N. J., and from Lakehurst by ground line back to Goddard then on to New York.
Total transmission distance was approximately 50,000
miles. One-way time delay during the conversation was
estimated at 0.3 second. This caused a slightly unnaturaleffect, but did not materially impede the conversationiaeegm.emeeeeeeee?:eee:*.k,eeek-z:,e.e..e.eeeeeeme:i:ieee.eemkee:eaeegmeeeua

doped germanium crystal cooled to
30 deg K by a North American
Philips cryogenic refrigerator. It has
been flight-tested in an HRB-Singer
infrared mapping system.

Arecibo Completed

Lightweight IR Detector
Described in Detail
cmcAGo—Details of Martin's lightweight, long-wavelength (8 to 13micron) infrared detector were
given this week at the National
Electronic Conference by Donald L.
Fresh. He said the detector does
not rely on heating effects. Instead,
it counts impinging photons—absorbed photons produce detectablefree-charge carriers. The device is2 X 2 X 5mm and uses amercuryelectronics November 1, 1963

Ljâ.

Camera Tube Has 100
Times Vidicon Sensitivity
CAMERA TUBE with asensitivity approximately 100 times that of avidicon was reported by G. W.
Goetze and A. H. Boerio, of Westinghouse Research Labs, at theIEEE Electron Devices Meeting inWashington this week. The tube isslated for use on NASA's OA°
satallite, and is considered as simple
as avidicon. The storage target operates on a principle called secondary electron conduction. This
involves the efficient and lagless conversion of high-energy electrons
into a larger number of low-energy
electrons by exciting a low-density
insulating layer with key-range
electrons.

Tougher-to-Track ICBM
Sought by Air ForceARECIBO Ionospheric Observatory—
world's most powerful research instrument for radio astronomy—was
dedicated today in north central
Puerto Rico. (For engineering details, see p 20, Jan. 27, 1961; p46,
July 7, 1961; p 18, May 12, 1963)

MASS. — Under a$15i-million contract, Avco Corp.'s
Research and Advanced Development division will develop andflight-test anew ICBM reentry vehicle that should have the lowest level
WILMINGTON,17electronics NEWSLETTER
of radar observability yet achieved.
The shape of the vehicle will probably be refined to make it more slender and softer in surface configuration than, for example, the Mark 11
now at Cape Canaveral. New materials and coatings with low radarreflectivity will be used, neutralizingor minimizing the detectability of thevehicle's ionized wake.

New England Firms Shying
From Area Bidding Plan
BOSTON—The regional move to set
up a company to bid on major
space contracts and then parcel out
subcontracts to area firms (p 24,
Nov. 2, 1962, and p 8, March 15,1963) has bogged down. Area officials say frankly that the plan behind the nonprofit Bay State Science
Foundation and its intended offspring, the profit-making Advanced
Technology Inc., is not being wellreceived by industry.
The official word is that the proposal is "now being reappraised byindustrial executives" but the feelingis that the outcome will probably bea nonprofit study institution which
will tackle work not appropriate foracademic institutions. Between 40
and 50 organizations have reportedly contributed more than $750,000 to date, but Bay State trustees
have not yet activated Advanced
Technology Inc. Critics of the planargue it would set up one morebarrier between industry and government. It could also compete withindustry, they claim.

Japanese Sell Russia
Digital Computer
TOKYO—Russia has purchased Japan's first export-aimed digital computer—a$30,000 managementcontrol device with a 1,024-word
memory suitable for medium-sizedfactories. Fujitsu Ltd. said negotiations are in progress to sell Russia
others. The stored-program -machine, displayed at the recent Japan
Scientific Instrument Exhibition in
Moscow, includes amagnetic drum
unit (capacity: 16,394 words),

MEETINGS AHEAD
FALL MEETING, IEEE, EIA; Hotel
Manger, Rochester, N. Y., Nov. 11-13.

RADIO

FALL

JOINT

COMPUTERCONFERENCE,

Las Vegas Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nev., Nov.
12-14.
AFIPS, IEEE, ACM;

MAGNETISM-MAGNETIC

MATERIALS

VEHICULAR

Seattle Section,
Boeing Scientific Research Laboratories; University of Washington,
Seattle, Wash., Dec. 9-12.

URSI,

ANFIRSTEIA;

MEASURE TESTING-CONTROL AUTOMATIONINTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, MESUCORA;

Palais de la Defense, Paris, France,
Nov. 14-21.
WIUTING WORKSHOP, University of California Extension Center;
San Francisco, Calif., Nov. 18-19.

TECHNICAL

DIGITALCOMPUTER

SOCIETY

MEETING,EQUIPMENT
DECUS,

Radiation
Laboratory;
Calif., Nov. 18-19.

USERS

Lawrence
Livermore,

Baltimore Hotel, Baltimore, Md., Nov.
18-20.

IEEE-PTGUE;ENGINEERING
Marriott

SYMPOSIUM,

Motor

Washington, D. C., Dec. 4-6.
18

MICROELECTRONICS

CONFERENCE,

Irvine Auditorium, University ofPennsylvania,
Philadelphia,
Penn.,
Dec. 10-11.

NON-LINEAR

PROCESSES

IN

THE

ION-

Central Radio
Propagation
Laboratory,
Boulder,
Colo., Dec. 16-17.

Hotel,

Industrial Electronics
Showing Gain in Sales
cHicAGo—Sales of industrial electronics and communications equipment should total $81 billion thisyear, a gain of 7.6 per cent overlast year, according to Joseph Miller, managing director of the National
Electrical
Manufacturers
Association. Electrical manufacturing as awhole should top $26 billion, an increase of about 7 per
cent, Miller told the annual NEMA
meeting last week. Industrial products for conventional and automatedmachines will gain 5.2 per cent insales, for atotal of $4,050,000,000,
he said. Communications total includes military sales.

U. S. Nuclear Satellite
Overflew Moscow
WASHINGTON—The nuclear-powered
satellite launched from Vandenberg
AFB Sept. 28 passed directly over
Moscow during its initial pass withan "extremely high" probability oforbital success, informed sources
disclosed to ELECTRONICS last week.
The spacecraft was powered by a
27-pound Snap-9A isotopic generator with a 25-watt d-c output andwas launched with aThor-Able-Starbooster. Although the satellite's
operating lifetime is five years, it isreportedly in the most perfect orbit
ever achieved by a U. S. satellite
and could stay aloft 900 years.

OSPHERE MEETING, NBS;AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENTOFSCIENCEMEETING,

Cleveland, Ohio, Dec. 26-30.

AAAS;

ADVANCE REPORTNATIONAL AEROSPACE ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, TERE-PTOANE, AIAA; Dayton, Ohio,

ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGYANNUAL CONFERENCE, IEEE, ISA; Lord

ULTRASONICS

IEEE-PTGVC;

FALL URSI MEETING, IEEE

Chalfonte-Haddon Hall, Atlantic City,
N. J., Nov. 12-15.

AIP,

NATIONAL

Adolphus
Hotel, Dallas, Texas, Dec. 5-6.

IEEE-PTGNITT;NUAL CONFERENCE,COMMUNICATIONSCONFERENCE,

typewriter and tapepuncher at extracost.

May 11-13, 1964; Deo. 16 is deadline forsubmitting in triplicate a £50 to 300-wordabstract and short biographical sketch to
Mr. Yale Jacobs, NAECON Papers Chairman, 1917 Burbank Drive, Dayton, Ohio
45406. Topics include devices, techniques,
equipment, and systems of aerospaceaeronautical electronics, plus applicationand management problem&

Japan Debunks Reports
On Color-Tv Production
TOKYO—Industry sources here are
denying published reports that Japanese manufacturers are producing
about 50,000 color tv sets a year.
Total color W production in Japanlast year was 4,392 sets, worth
about $2,130,750, and 1963 production through August amounted
to 2,464 sets, the government says.
November 1, 1963 electronics

IN BRIEF

Diode Lases at 5.2 Microns
sosroN—Solid-state group at MIT Lincoln Laboratory today
reported laser action in indium antimonide. Output at 5.2
microns pushes the semiconductor laser range to longer wavelengths, farther into the infrared region.
Just one year ago, first .disclosure was made of coherent
radiation at 0.84 micron from gallium arsenide junctions byIBM, GE and Lincoln Lab. (p 7, Nov. 9, 1962). In May
1963, Lincoln Lab announced InAs laser action at 3.1
microns. Predicted and later verified was laser action atintermediate wavelengths—indium-gallium-arsenide diodes
gave outputs of 1.77, 2.07 and 2.4 microns. InAs work also
showed that output could be altered by magnetic fields forfine tuning.
The indium antimonide, Lincoln Lab workers say, iseven more sensitive to magnetic fields. The diodes are fabricated from tellurium-doped single crystal of InSb. Predicted, but not yet verified, is that various types of indium
arsenide antimonide will give intermediate outputs between
3.1 and 5.2 microns.
Meanwhile, others are moving toward shorter wavelengths.
GE, for example, has achieved laser action at 0.71 micronand at 0.64 with gallium phosphide arsenides»»,,

Device Tightens Control
Of Coherent Laser Beams
modulethat
splits or attenuates coherent laser
beams has been designed for the Air
Force by Electro-Optical Systems
Inc. It meets needs for controllingboth visible and infrared radiation,
the firm says, and gives laser beamphase shifting, power division andattenuation from one interferometricconfiguration without mechanicalmovement. The system includes two
gas-cell phase shifters able to shift
beam phases up to 360 degrees. The
cells are located between mirrortype beam splitters. To vary amplitude output ratio from 0 to —30
db, cell gas pressure is varied.
INTERFEROMETRIC

Computer Speeds Up
Hot-Strip Steel MillDETROIT—Daystrom's 136 digitalcomputer is giving closer tolerancesin strip size and temperature control at Great Lakes-Steel's autoelectronics November 1, 1963

mated hot-strip mill. With it, steelmakers can set up for a new orderin 6 to 7 seconds, compared withtwo minutes manually, and roll out
a full rated capacity of 3,000 feetper minute instead of the 2,400 fpm
otherwise.

Norden's Low-Light TV
Helps Missile Tracking
NORDEN has built a low light-leveltv camera for tracking, automaticallyat night, missiles earthbound fromspace. The firm said its system will
be mounted on board a converted
Air Force KC-135 jet tanker tohelp aim other equipment in tests at
the Pacific Missile Range. With thecamera itself are a zoom lens andrelay optical components, to perform automatic tracking, plus twotransistorized tv monitors—one torecord tracking on film, the other topermit operator viewing. Groundradar-computers first direct the camera on target, then operators initiate
automatic tracking.

WASHINGTON observers do not know
how Apollo program will be affected in the long run by the Soviets' latest statement that they
are not in the moon race. Immediate effect is to dash what little
hopes NASA had to get a new budget substantially higher than the$5.1 billion already voted by theHouse (p 20, Oct. 18).
OPTICS TECHNOLOGY, Inc. is experimenting with gastroscopes madeof flexible fiber-optics bundles for
medical treatments deep within
the body.
STABISTORS, first used in rechargeable
flashlights, could give Air Forcespace vehicles four times morebattery capacity and cut charging
periods in flight from 16 hours toone, according to Sonotone andP. E. Mallory.
KEARFOTT'S two-axis non-floated gyro,
first used in the Miniature Inertial
Navigation System, will serve
an antenna referencing device inthe Hughes Phoenix missile. The
hand-size gyro packs three times
more momentum than comparable
gyros, the firm says.
SANDIA CORP. has awarded Eitel-McCullough a $260,000 contract for
the further development of a longlife high-voltage battery poweredby nuclear energy. The device
gets its energy from the decomposition of Krypton 85.
BOEING has fabricated cadmium-sulfide triodes with atwo-month shelflife. The thin-film, field-effect devices
havetransconductances
ranging from 100 to 5,000 !La pervolt and voltage gains to 10.
RAYTHEON'S new gas laser, operating
at 3.51 microns, weighs less than
10 pounds. Voice communications
can be obtained by installing an
optional modulator circuit in thesame case.
RCA has introduced the RCA 30 Newscorn computer, designed for automatic typesetting operations at
smaller newspapers.
DAHLBERG is marketing a hearing aid
weighing 1
4 -oz, with battery.
/
DIEBOLD GROUP is beginning a twoyear study of the growth prospects
for the computer field.
ELECTRONIC Specialty Co. has agreed
to acquire Peerless Corp., subject
to the approval of Peerless shareholders.

WASHINGTON THIS WEEK
Future of government-supported research and development depends inlarge measure on adialogue now underway in Washington.
The President and his science advisers are beginning to worry about thehealth of the nation's scientific and technological "establishment" as the glamorof military and space efforts wanes. Major atomic and space programs are

Stimulants for
R&D Sought as
Defense-SpaceWork Wanes

facing stiffer criticism and budget cutting. Lesser programs designed to fill the
pipeline for the future with trained manpower, science-based industrial productivity and new university sources of scientific excellence are also pinched.
The point was made succinctly last week by Kennedy's top scientific adviser,
Jerome B. Wiesner, in a congressional hearing: "We have reached a point ofrelative stability in that aspect of our technology—the development of weapons
for military purpose—which has stimulated much of our scientific progress overthe last 10 years." Wiesner's concern is economic as well as scientific. Levelingoff the military effort—including R&D—in an expanding economy means arelatively smaller investment in science. In recent years, economists have cometo regard this investment as akey factor for agrowing economy.
To fill the gap, Wiesner and his staff are devoting considerable effort todeveloping programs and priorities in oceanography, meteorology, life sciences,energy and natural resources research, pollution control, and the like. These,
they are convinced, must be the future targets of science and technology. But
a major hurdle lies in developing public—and thus congressional—support.
This won't be easy in fields without the urgency that pushed space and militaryefforts.

Salaries for engineers are rising faster for the BS graduate and for project

New Engineers

leaders than for the engineer in charge of company engineering programs,
Bureau of Labor Statistics' latest annual survey of salaries discloses.
Average pay of the fledgling engineers is $7,056, a5.2-percent increase sincelast year and experienced engineering supervisors average $12,540, a 5.6percent increase, but top engineering managers average $19,992, only a 2.1-

Get Best Raises

percent rise.
The figures also show that government's starting salaries remain below private

Not the Bossindustry. On January 1, the starting range will become $4,690 to $6,130, compared to the industry average of $7,056. But the middle-grade supervisor ingovernment will be able to reach $12,620, abit higher than the industry average. Top government engineers will be paid up to $19,270, almost industry
average.

Government program to develop methods of detecting small undergroundltection Tests
Postponed

nuclear explosions has hit a snag. Under Project Dribble, three explosions
scheduled for this summer have been postponed until April. AEC contractors
have had trouble preparing emplacement holes at the Tatum salt dome near
Hattiesburg, Miss. Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects Agency has lined
up 100 U. S. seismic stations to monitor the 5-kiloton "Salmon," the series
first, and largest, explosion. Forty stations are ARPA's portables; others belong
to Coast and Geodetic Survey, oil companies and universities.

ment of
Resumes

Air Force has ordered its contractors to resume development of the Mobile
Mid-Range Ballistic Missile. Work was cut back when the House of Representatives reduced funds this summer, but now Defense Department has a$73.1-million appropriation for MMRBM.
November 1, 1963 electronics

Reliability of Mallory XT Tantalum Capacitors
proved by 10,260,000 piece-hours of testing40

The original high temperature wet
slug tantalum capacitor,

theMallory XT series has compiled aunique record of reliability in tests
made in our own laboratories, by
independent laboratories and by
military equipment manufacturers.

30

OJ
1.13
act

co
C1J

CU

o

cc,

20

Here are typical results:
C,In

10,260,000

piece-hours of

testing* standard production
capacitors,

o

•—

10

the mean time be-

tween failure is presently 960,000
hours.

o24Time on Shelf Life—(Years no voltage)

Independent tests over a two

10-year shelf life test

year period show that Mallory
XT capacitors have twice the anticipated mean time to failure ofother tantalum capacitors.

The XT line has been in continuous
production by Mallory for nearly
15 years ...for the past five years

Ten-year shelf life tests prove

operating under the Signal Corpsthat even after extremely long

RIQAP plan. For each production

storage, Mallory XT capacitors

lot, individual records of quality

meet original specification limitsof d-c leakage.

control test data are kept for a
five-year period.

Seal tests by independent labora-

The XT series includes 175°C andtories indicate that the leak rate

200°C ratings in many configura-of the glass-to-metal hermetic seal

tions, including a broad range ofused in Mallory XT capacitors

MIL types and new radiation-is 1 x 10 -" standard cc. These

resistant models. For complete

capacitors are being used in air-data and a consultation, write toborne military equipment where

Mallory

stringent specifications for seal

Indianapolis 6, Indiana —a division

reliability must be met.

of P. R. Mallory & Co. Inc.

Capacitor

Company,*Test conditions at rated voltage at 85°C and 175°C

Type

Temp. Range

Capacity Range

WVDC (85°C)

XTM—55 to +175°C

4 — 14 mfd

340— 8V

XTK—55 to +175°C

2 — 70 mfd

340— 8V

XTH—55 to +200°C

7 — 240 mfd

630-18V

XTL—55 to +200°C

3.5— 120 mfd

630-18V

XIV—55 to +200°C

12 —2200 mfd

630-12VWET SLUG, FOIL AND SOLID TANTALUM CAPACITORS
electronics

November 1, 1963

6

8

1(

WHY
MILITARY SYSTEMS DESIGNERS
CHOOSE LAMBDA POWER SUPPLIES• All solid state• Completely protected

VIBRATION: MIL-T-4807A• Adjustable automatic current limiting• Continuously variable

HUMIDITY RESISTANCEFUNGUS RESISTANCE

5
Year
Guarantee

SALT SPRAYTEMPERATURE SHOCK
MILE-5272C • (ASG) Procedure 1• Constant voltage/constant current• Wide input frequency and voltage range• Convection cooled

SHOCK: MIL-E-4970A • Procedure 1 & 2• Series/Parallel operation

ALTITUDE: MLLE-4970A • (ASG) Procedure 1• Remotely programmable

QUALITY: MIL-Q-9858—resistance and voltage

MARKING: MIL-STD-130(Certified Test Data available upon request)

REGULATED VOLTAGE:.Less than .05 per cent or 8 millivolts
Regulation(line and load) ..... (whichever is greater). For input
variations from 105-135 VAC and forload variations from 0 to full load.

MASS PRODUCTION PRICES.50 ohms/volt constant over entire
Remote Programming .. • voltage range.

LE SERIES CONDENSED DATALATED FOR LINE AND LOAD)
O
Price)DC OUTPUT(VOLTAGE
Model
Voltage Range
LE10 10-36 VDC
LE102
0-36 VDC
0-36 VDC
LE103
0-36 VDC
LE104
0-18 VDC
LE105
0-18 VDC
LE10 60-18 VDC
LE10 70- 9VDCLE109
0- 9VDC
LE11 0Current Range
0- 5Amp0-10 Amp
0-15 Amp
0-25 Amp
0- 8Amp0-15 Amp
0-22 Amp
0-10 Amp
0-20 Amp.. Less than 0.5 millivolt rms.

$420
525
595
775
425
590
695
430
675

Ripple and Noise ......
Temperature Coefficient..Less than

PHYSICALDATA:Mounting............ Standard 19" rack mounting.
Size ........

WEI i

ces arefor nonmetmd
tit Current
ratingalies over models.vFlotragmenrcrldse;vith
entire oruggedized MIL
pp
add suffix "M
to model numb er and add $40 go the no,metered price. For metered models and iront panel control add suffix

LE 101, LE 105, LE 109 31
2 "H x 19" W x 16"/
D
LE 102,LE 106,LE 110 51
4 "H x 19" W x 16/
D
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H x 19" W x 16 1
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SEND FOR COMPLETE LAMBDA CATALOG.

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ELECTRONICS

CORP.

515 BROAD HOLLOW ROAD • MELVILLE, L. I., NEW YORK • 516 MYRTLE 4-4200
LA•14 6CIRCLE 22 ON READER SERVICE CARDCURRENT(I N)
GOLD PLATED
COPPER STUD
CERAM ICEc

SILVER RIBBON0SILVER -GOLD
EVAPORATED STRIPE(
MICROALLOYED )'LEAVED FACE

2

ED

3

4

CLEAVED FACE
n- TYPE GALL I
UM
ARSENIDE

COHERENTRADIATION(OUT )GOLD -TIN CLAD
MOLYBDENUM DISCZINC INDIFFUSED
p- TYPE LAYERGOLD PLATED _COPPER STUD

(A)

00 00
+

(B)

+

)00000
+

+

+

+

+ +

EA
Ev

(C)

HIGH-PULSE-POWER laser package (A), with window cut in ceramic spacer for the coherent output radiation; diode laser
detail (B). Four mechanisms (C) for radioactive transitions: (1) conduction to valence band; (2) donor to valence band;(3) conduction band to acceptor; (4) donor to acceptor—Fig. 1

RESEARCH IN

NEW ENGLAND
Technical sessions to be presented next week at NEREM will
describe applications of semiconductor lasers, new laser materials,
nonlinear optical phenomena, direct energy conversion, andmicroelectronics using packaged circuits, making microcircuitson silicon bars and by thin-film deposition

By THOMAS MAGUIRE, Regional Editor, Boston

ONE YEAR after announcementsof semiconductor injection lasers,
preliminary discussion of systems
applications will be among highlights of the 17th Northeast Electronics Research and Engineering
Meeting (NEREM), Nov. 4-6 in
BostonattheCommonwealthArmory and the Hotel Somerset.
Some preliminary successes withsemiconductor laser radar have been
electronics

November 1, 1963

achieved at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, and these will be reported at
NEREM. In conjunction with cloudheight radar studies, a gallium arsenide laser beam was recently
bounced off a chimney 600 yards
away and successfully detected. The
experiment was conducted at night,
but work is proceeding on filtering
techniques to permit daytime detection.

In an invited paper at NEREM,
the state of the art "one year after"
will be surveyed by R. H. Redikerof Lincoln Laboratory, who points
out that both spectral range of injection laser action and output
power have been increased significantly.'
A package developed by T. M.
Quist at Lincoln Laboratory anddesigned for high pulse power is23

MOCKUP of Gemini fuel cell built by GE (left); fuel cell section on test (right).

Load control center behind operator sim-

ulates spacecraft load demands—Fig. 2

shown in Fig. 1A. A modified version of the microwave diode package developed in the 1940's, it issuited for short-pulse work. The
copper stud separated from the
GaAs laser by a molybdenum disk
has both the desired heat conductivity and heat capacity. In Fig. 1B,
the diode laser is shown in moredetail and some fabrication steps indicated.
When the diode is operating as alaser, aplane of inverted population
is produced by carrier injection foran estimated distance of 10 -4 cmfrom the junction. The flat andparallel short sides from which coherent radiation is emitted define an
optical cavity. They need not be
silvered, Rediker says, because themismatch in dielectric constant at
the GaAs-air interface is large
enough to ensure at least 30 percent
reflection at these surfaces. The
junction area is typically 1 mm X
0.25 mm.
The cleaving technique which exposes the (110) plane in III-V crystals makes it possible to produce reflecting surfaces of the cavity thatare both flat and parallel to within
5 angstroms.
Rediker points outthat the high fabrication yield of reproducible injection lasers is not surprising since with cleaving, the crystal structure guarantees perfect cavities and the diodes are operated atsuch high forward current densities
that surface leakage is unimportant.
Figure 1C shows four possible
mechanisms of the radiative transition both in injection lasers and ininiection luminescence diodes. Also
under investigation are the mechanisms for current transport across24

the junction. In both cases it appears there is no unique mechanism
for all injection lasers, but the mechanism depends on the semiconductor doping and the diode fabrication.
Fuel Cell—Widespread commercial
utilization of fuel cells or fuel batteries is still several years away, but
application for space-vehicle power
generation is imminent, and this will
be followed by military adaptation.
A hydrogen-oxygen fuel battery
system has been developed for Project Gemini by the GE Direct Energy Conversion Operation in Lynn,
Mass. Engineering problems will bereported at NEREM. 2
Figure 2 (left) is amockup showing cutaway cell and manifolding.
In Fig. 2 (right), a unit is being
tested prior to delivery. A GE fuelcell will be used on an unmanned
space flight, probably this year, andis scheduled to be aboard themanned Gemini spacecraft when itis launched, hopefully in 1964.
The fuel cell consists primarily ofan anode, acathode and an electrolyte. Electrochemical oxidation of
the fuel takes place at the anodewith release of electrons to the load
circuit. After passing through theload, these electrons combine withoxygen at the cathode. The electrical circuit is completed by either
passage in the electrolyte of positive
ions from anode to cathode, or passage of negative ions from cathodeto anode.
Development efforts presently revolve around two aspects of fuel cell
operation: need for electrodes thatare inert electronic conductors withalarge surface area, and electrolytic

systems in which the composition of
the electrolyte does not change appreciably during the period of operation. This period ranges fromdays to years depending on theapplication.
The most difficult problem by far
in the design of fuel battery systems
is adequate control of the heat andmass transfer processes.
Paramp—Recent demonstrations of
extremely low-noise parametric amplifiers at liquid helium temperature
have generated a debate on relative
desirability of the paramp or thetraveling-wave maser for applications demanding receivers of highest
sensitivity.
Among centers of interest are
MIT Lincoln Laboratory and Bell
Telephone Laboratories. At Lincoln, agroup headed by Carl Blakeis developing parametric amplifiers
for Project West Ford (p 12, July5) and for Haystack (p 49, Nov. 9,
1962).
And BTL is developing
paramps for Telstar ground-station
receivers.
At the NEREM technical session
on Microwave and Solid State,
Michiyuki Uenohara of BTL will
discuss the applicability of extremely
low noise parametric amplifiers. 8
According to Uenohara, abroadband extremely-low-noise paramp
with asensitivity comparable to themaser's can be built. He adds that
extreme care must be taken toachieve the ultimate sensitivity andstability, also that further development of unilateral parametric amplifiers may facilitate solution ofthese problems.
Figure 3A shows the theoretical
November 1, 1963

electronics

TW Modulator — Traveling-wave
coherent-light modulators constructed of cubic crystals such as cuprous
chloride or zinc sulfide have exhibited bandwidths of about 10 Gc. 4
At NEREM 1962, C. J. Peters of
Sylvania described a modulator ofthis type which had abandwidth of
1 Ge. The new modulator is only
a few inches long, the reduction inlength arising not because the cubic
materials have alarger electro-optic
coefficient, but because they havea larger index of refraction and asmaller dielectric coefficient than thematerials such as ADP from which
the first modulator was built.
electronics November 1, 1963

Increase in bandwidth can be attributed both to the decrease inlength resulting in a relaxation in
the synchronism requirements between the light and modulation voltage velocity, and also to the morecompatible dielecertc constant andindex of refraction.
The traveling wave modulator
consists of a two-conductor transmission line in which a portion of
the dielectric is an electro-optic material; that is, the velocity of lightor index of refraction of the material
can be varied in response to an applied electric field. Typical crosssections of such a transmission line
are shown in Fig. 3. Varying
the velocity of propagation oflight as it traverses the crystal imposes aphase variation on the light.
If the light and modulation travelin synchronism, appreciable modulation depths can be achieved withmodest power.
A phase or frequency modulator can be constructed from materials such as ADP or
KDP.
From the cubic materials
phase, frequency or amplitude modulators can be made.

1,000
800

- X
600 - QD
400 _ an•

THEORETICAL minimum excess noise
temperatures of paramps at 300, 77 and4 deg K, and experimental
resultsofseven amplifiers (A).
Excess noise fromthe circulator and following states isshownbydottedlines, excess noise
temperature of diodeand mount alone, by
dots.
Cross-section
view of traveling-wave
light modulators (B)—Fig. 3

NOISE TEMPERATURE IN DEG K

minimum excess noise temperaturesat 3 levels and the experimental results of seven amplifiers ranging
from 1to 8 Gc.
Uenohara pinpoints these advantages of the parametric amplifier
over the maser: (1) No intrinsic operating temperature limitation. The
same amplifier can be operated fromroom temperature down to liquid
helium with a minor circuit adjustment—and a cryogenic failure does
not completely close the system operation. (2) No intrinsic pump frequency requirement. Only performance requirements restrict the designer. (3) More than 10 percent
bandwidth can be obtained with afixed pump-frequency supply. (4)Dynamic range is about 20 db larger
than that of the maser.
Uenohara points out these disadvantages: (1) The gain stability andtransmission characteristics are susceptible to pump-source and circuit-impedance fluctuations—so an
extremely stable pump supply anda rugged, stable circuit construction
are necessary. (2) For a one-port
paramp, an extremely good circulator, preferably operated at thesame temperature as the amplifier,is needed.
In addition, to achieve maximum
sensitivity the diode must be carefully chosen so that its crystal does
not have untolerable dislocations,and overpumping must be avoided
to eliminate excess noise generation.
Also, input and output circuits
should be extremely well-matched to
avoid noise contribution from aroom temperature load.
For thesame reason, the idler circuit should
be well-isolated from the pump input circuit.

Reduction in length results in an
increase in modulator bandwidth.
Ordinarily the modulator is designed
so that at lower frequencies thevelocity of the modulation on thecomposite transmission line is equal
to the velocity of the light in theelectro-optic material. This equivalence of velocity is achieved by apportioning the dielectric between thehigh dielectric constant electro-optic
material and some lower dielectricmaterial such as air. The velocityof the microwave signal on thetransmission line is not independentof frequency, however, so that theequivalence in velocity between thesignal and the light is destroyed as
the signal frequency increases. It is
this mismatch in velocity that determines the bandwidth of the modulator.
Phone Switching—In telephone andtelegraph equipments, discrete tones
below 3,000 cps are often used forsignaling or information transmission.
A unique circuit has been
built to replace the heavy LC filtersthat have been used to achieve the

OVERALL NOISE TEMPERATURE,300°K OPERATIONOVERALL NOISE TEMPERATURE, 77°K OPERATIONOVERALL NOISE TEMPERATURE, 4°K OPERATIONCONTRIBUTION OF DIODE AND MICROWAVE CIRCUITS
o\i.)

200
100
80
60
40
20

10
8
6
4
2

(A)

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

FREQUENCY IN Oc

ELECTRO -OPTIC MATERIAL(B)

TRANSMISSION-LINE
CONDUCTORS

25

capacitor is connected to groundone-fourth of the time and left floating for the rest. The output voltage
at any given time will be the voltage
across the capacitor that is groundedat that time. Only when its switch
is closed can acapacitor lose or gain
charge, or similarly, can the voltage
on the capacitor change.
The most difficult problem associated with the design of the filter
involves switching. In some early
applications, like doppler sonar,

desired selectivity at low frequencies.
Using the properties of a synchronous filter, the circuit will recognize
the desired frequencies with an order of magnitude in space andweight saving, and using components readily adaptive to microelectronic techniques. 5
The circuit depends upon theproperties of a synchronous filter:a very narrow bandwidth whose
width is independent of the center
frequency of the pass band. Each

2 3 4

+3V

COMMUTATOROUTPUT+3V+3V

FLIP-FLOP

CLOCK

680

+3V
162
47

+3V
+3 V

FLIP-FLOP

CLOCK
+3V

(A)
+3V

+10V

OUTPUTOUTPUT
OF FILTER

2O

MANUAL
RESET

N.O.
h—

10V
T.I. SN514(B)
FLIP-FLOP and gate circuit (A) for opening and closing transistor switches;
flip-flop (B) changes state when critical frequency is applied to filter—Fig. 4

COMPATIBLE
r-f monolithic amplifier—Fig. 5

26

mechanical switching was adequate,
but electronic switching is required
now that the emphasis is on miniaturization and higher frequencies.
A simple transistor proved to be
an acceptable switch. Various circuits can supply the necessary pulses
to open and close the transistor
switches.
One choice (Fig. 4A)
contains both Fairchild Micrologic
integrated circuits and conventional
components. It may be driven byeither a square-wave or sinewavc
generator operating at twice the desired commutation frequency.
If the circuit of Fig. 4B is connected to the synchronous filter, theflip-flop will remain in one state until a critical frequency is applied to
the filter input. Then a sufficiently
high voltage will change the state of
the flip-flop. This then is a semipermanent record that a particularfrequency has been received.
Byparalleling the filters and flip-flops,
a group of incoming tones could
identify the sender, the party to becalled, or any other digital information—a technique particularly applicable to automatic switchboards.
Monolithic Amplifier—In construction of a practical high-frequency
monolithic linear amplifier, two approaches were found to help alleviate some of the problems.° First,
the use of thin films instead of the
diffusion process permits higher
quality resistors and capacitors. Secondly, circuits designed specificallyfor monolithic fabrication reduce theperformance demands on the moredifficult components.
Thin-film resistors using nichrome
were found to have a low parasitic
capacitance, and to be capable oftight tolerance control. Thus they
are much suited to high-frequency
linear amplifier design. Nichrome
resistors are fabricated in compatible integrated circuits by depositing
athin film of nichrome on top of thesilicon dioxide that is thermallygrown on the Si substrate.
The
thick thermal oxide lowers the parasitic capacitance by increasing the
thickness of the dielectric and bylowering the dielecertc constant. The
dielectric constant of silicon dioxide
is approximately 1/3 that of Si.
Use of thin films has also beenfound to be the solution to fabrication of capacitors. Success has been
November 1, 1963

electronics

achieved by using an emitter diffusion at the bottom electrode. A thinlayer of oxide is then grown for use
as the dielectric. Aluminum metalization forms the top electrode andcompletes the fabrication.
An r-f amplifier using an emitter
coupled configuration was chosen
for monolithic fabrication using
compatible
thin-film
techniques(Fig. 5). This stage is used as ther-f amplifier of a 120-Mc transceiver. The noise figure is relatively
low, the input impedance relatively
high; and the reverse feedback parameter is quite low, thus causing
the input tuning to be relatively
insensitive to the output tuning.
This circuit is particularly adaptible to monolithic design because
the usual large emitter bypass capacitor is not used. Instead, amuch
smaller capacitor is used to bypass
the higher impedance base of thesecond transistor.
This reduction
in capacitor size gives the integrated
circuit designer the choice of: (1)• Trying for the minimum die size byusing as small acapacitance as possible, and using as thin an oxide as
possible to get the maximum capacitance per square mil. Or (2), using
alarger die size with aconservatively designed capacitor. The latterapproach was taken. A die size of
50 X 100 mils was chosen. The
capacitor size was increased above
what was actually needed to a sizethat would fill the chip. Good performance can be obtained at as low
as 12 Mc because of this large
capacitor size.
When used as the r-f stage of atransceiver, this monolithic r-f amplifier with nichrome resistors andthin-film capacitors had asensitivityof less than 1microvolt for a 6-db
s-n ratio.
Selectivity of the two
loaded coils was sufficient to rejectby more than 40 db a frequency
24 Mc away from the 120-Mc carrier frequency.

The more recent results demonstrate that Si thin-film active devices,
both diodes and transistors, can bedeposited directly onto glazed ceramic substrates by electron beamvacuum deposition methods—which
are compatible with other thin-film
fabrication techniques.
The work is being continued todemonstrate the suitability of theseSi thin film active devices for vacuum-deposited all-thin-film circuits
which perform basic logic functions.
A view of the vacuum chambershowing the substrate heater, maskchanger, and source holder is shownin Fig. 6.
Vacuum-deposited silicon thinfilms have been examined by optical
microscopy, x-ray diffraction andelectron diffraction.
Conductivity
type was determined by hot-probe
and Hall-effect methods. The resistivity was measured by a 4-pointprobe, and mobility was calculated
from resistivity and Hall measurements.
To fabricate pn structures, arheotaxial film of Si was depositedon the oxide-coated substrate. Silicon of the opposite conductivity wasthen deposited in isolated squares
through amask without breaking thevacuum.
Reverse breakdowns of
15-20 volts have been obtained withsuch diodes.
Transistor structures were deposited in ageometrical form as shownin Fig. 6 (inset). A set of 20 separate collectors was rheotaxiallygrown on the oxide-coated substrateby depositing Si with antimony
doping. The bases were then formed
by depositing aluminum-doped Si
and the transistor structures werecompleted by the final deposition of
antimony-doped emitters to give npn
transistors.
REFERENCES
All papers prepared for delivery at
NEREM, Boston, Nov. 4-6, 1963.
(1) R. H. Rediker, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Injection Lasers and Injection Luminescence.
(2) D. L. Douglas, General Electric Co.,
Fuel Cells.
(3) Michiyuki Uenohara, Bell Telephone
Laboratories, Extremely Low Noise Parametric Amplifiers.
(4) C. J. Peters, Sylvania Electronic
Systems, Further Developments in Wideband Coherent Light Modulators.
(5) J. Hohmann and A. Bramble, Army
Electronics R and D Laboratory, Unique
Lightweight Tone Recognition Circuit.
(6) Robert L. Hartley, Motorola, Integrated Circuit Compatible R-F Amplifier.
(7)
Egons Rasmanis and James E.
Cline, Sylvania Electronic Systems, Vacuum Deposited Silicon Thin Film Diodes
and Transistors.

Rheotaxial — Rheotaxial growthtechnique has been extended to vacuum deposition of device-quality Si
films. 7 At NEREM 1962, chemical
vapor deposition of Si diodes andtransistors on a fluid layer of highsurface mobility was reported. The
growth tends to follow the orientation of the first crystallites of Si on
top of the fluid layer, giving rise to
the name rheotaxial growth.
electronics

November 1,

1963

SUBSTRATE HEATER, mask holder and multiple source holder: inset shows
vacuum-deposited thin-film transistors with ohmic contacts—Fig. 627

igie e ac(C):

GLASS-FIBER tube array has different silhouettes.
Coplanar colinar setting (A), coplanar convergent conical setting (B),and noncoplanar divergent conical setting (D)—Fig. 1

GLASS-FIBER ARRAY Produces
Zoom antenna for 4 to 6 Gc produces a multitude of different radiation patterns andsimple mechanical adjustment.

Flexibility is achieved by varying both array parameters and

By K. IKRATH and W. SCHNEIDER
U. S. Army Electronics R & D Laboratory,
Fort Monmouth, New Jersey

MECHANICALLY steerable glass-fiber tube zoom
array is an extension of research performed earlier
in a Signal Corps program. Operating between 4
Ge and 6 Ge, this array uses four and 5 elements toyield practically any desired beam-width equal to or
larger than 4 degrees. Moreover, almost any radiation pattern such as single lobe, notched and split
lobe can be obtained by mechanical adjustment ofeffective leligth of the glass fiber tubes, separationof array elements and angles between the elements.
Construction—The basic antenna module for the
4-Oc to 6-Ge range is a single glass-fiber zoom
antenna'. An experimental array for this range isshown in Fig. 1, where adjustment of separation andangles between array elements is made by rotating
the spiral-slot disks in the front or tube side, and in
the back or feeder side. Rotation of the spiral diskscauses the support rods of the outer tubes to slide

STRENGTH AND VERSATILITY
In an earlier article (ELECTRONICS, Sept. 21, 1962,p 44), the authors described an antenna innovation inwhich a helical element encased in a glass-fiber tube
focused a microwave beam.
After further research, results show that the originalantenna can be grouped (in four or five units) to provide a versatile array capable of variable beamwidthand pattern when steered by simple mechanical means

28

radially in the radial slots of the front and back support disks mounted on the turntable atop the pedastal.
Figure 1A shows the tubes aligned colinearly corresponding to equal settings of both front and backspiral disks; Figure 1B shows the tubes convergent
conically and aligned corresponding to setting thefront disk at a lower rim mark than the back disk.
The divergent conical alignment shown in Fig. 1C
corresponds to a higher setting of the front spiraldisk than of the back. Geometry of the mechanicalstructure and the calibration of the spiral disk settings
on the rim determine array element separation and theangle a between the outer and center elements or thesymmetry axes. The spiral-slot disk rim is marked
directly in S, where S is the shortest center-to-center
distance in centimeters between two outer support
rods in the slots of a spiral-slot disk. The distance
between the front and back spiral-slot disk is 35.3
cm. The angle is then: a = arc tan (Sf — Sb) (cm)/
50 (cm), where a is counted positive for divergentalignments of the array elements.
Each support rod can, within limits determinedby the flexibility of the feeder cable, be shifted axiallyback and forth within the slot holder, permitting
coplanar or noncoplanar alignment of the individualarray elements. In addition to these array adjustments,
the tube of each element can be shifted relative tothe helix coupler as shown in Fig. 1D.
Support rods are calibrated from 0 to 90 cm, fromthe feed end towards the helix coupler. The 90-cm
mark corresponds to the full effective length of thetubes counted from the base plate of the helix coupler
to the end of the fiber glass tube. Support-rod markings also denote the distance between the helix coupler and the front spiral disk. Array elements are fed
in parallel using three coaxial-tee connectors for the
4-element array and four coax tees for the 5-element
November 1,

1963

electronics

coplanar divergent conical setting (C),Many Beams
variable beamwidths by
number of elements

LINEAR radiation patterns for two extreme positions of the helix coupler
within the glass-fiber tube—Fig. 2

array. Symmetry inaccuracies in the feed system andassociated phasing errors are compensated by shifting
the support rods relative to each other. This compensation is periodic with frequency.
In practice, nearly equal rod-mark settings arechosen so that the outer helix couplers and the tube
ends are almost geometrically coplanar. The phaseadjustment procedure involves attaining maximum
received signal at the bore-sight alignment to thereceiver or transmitter, with the array adjusted fornarrow beam. Phasing can normally be corrected
within ten minutes by slightly shifting three or four
support rods relative to one another by fractions of
the wavelength.

•,.

VERTICAL POLARIZATION, 5Gc DIVERGING
5ELEMENT, CENTER TUBE LENGTH 90,
OUTER TUBE LENGTH 60.

;

POLAR CHART

Performance—The beam-focusing effectiveness of theglass fiber tube by the linear radiation patterns obtained for two extreme positions of the helix coupler
inside the tube are shown in Fig. 2. Terms y (vertical) and h (horizontal) refer to the orientation of
the linearly-polarized-horn antenna of the patternrecorder receiver. Influence of array element separation and angle a on the shape of the radiation pattern
are demonstrated by the patterns shown in Fig. 3.
Convergent alignment of the array elements (negative a) and close proximity of the array elements produces wide beam patterns with side lobes of different
character.

Analysis—Narrowest radiation patterns and lowest
side-lobe levels are obtained when the separation of
the tube elements is equal to or more than 4 wavelengths. This separation corresponds roughly to theeffective fictitious aperture of asingle glass-fiber tube
radiator. The lowest side-lobe levels are obtained
for slightly divergent alignment of the array tubes
corresponding to angle a of about 2 degrees. In the
5-element array, side-lobe levels are also reduced byusing only two thirds of the lengths of the outer glassfiber tubes. Wide-beam radiation patterns are produced by convergent alignment of the array tubes orby colinear alignment at tube separations equal to orless than 3wavelengths. In addition to further studiesof the coupling system between the tube radiators,
practical means for weather protection must be found.
Test have shown that thin layers of water and iceon the glass-fiber tube surface introduce extremely
high losses. Thin, clear, plastic-cloth covers were
found to be effective in elimnating these losses.
This article reflects the teamwork of many of ourcolleagues at USAERDL. The glass fiber tubes were
fabricated in the plastic shop and the array made in
the machine and carpenter shops. Personnel of theAdvanced Development Branch, Applied Sciences
Division aided in evaluating array performance. Special thanks are due J. Blaker and W. Kennbeck fortesting and devising weather protection.

Wee'

ir

`rz
rE
ir

VERTICAL POLARIZATION 5Gc DIVERGI•NG
5ELEMENT, TUBE LENGTH 90.

1ii;
ii??
VERTICAL POLARIZATION 5Gc CONVERGING
5 ELEMENT, CENTER TUBE LENGTH 90,
OUTER TUBE LENGTHS 60.

INFLUENCE of element separation and angle a on pattern shape—Fig. 3
electronics

November 1,

1963

29

Novel Field-Effect Device
Hole-conducting metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor characteristics
provide a three-stage gain of 1,350 from 5cycles to 72 kc

By F. M. WANLASS, Fairchild Semiconductor Research and Development Laboratory, Palo Alto, California

THE p-MOST AS AN A-C AMPLIFIER
Field-effect hole-conducting metal-oxide semiconductor transistors(p-MOSTs) are easily applied to a-c coupled amplifier circuits because of two operating characteristics. The device does not conduct appreciable current unless its input gate is biased in thesame polarity as its output. Its gate is voltage-operated, neverdrawing d-c. By contrast, the p-n junction input field-effect transistor, like the electron tube, requires input bias opposite to thepolarity of its output for small-signal amplification. Ease of biasing the p-MOST to a correct operating point makes practical wideband a-c amplifiers without large coupling or bypass capacitors

BASIC STRUCTURE of a pMOST, shown in Fig. 1A, comprises
asilicon substrate of n-type conductivity into which are diffused two
adjacent islands of p-type conductivity. A silicon-dioxide insulating
layer overlays the area between thetwo diffused regions and athin metal
gate electrode is deposited on topof this SiO 2 layer. In addition to
the gate electrode, one of the pislands is tied to the n-type substrate
to act as the source electrode, andthe other p island is the drain electrode.
The operation of this insulated
gate p-MOST is based on the factthat when its gate is biased negatively, electrons will tend to be repelled
out of the n-type silicon immediately
beneath the gate and holes will be
attracted to this region. If the gate
is made negative enough, the n-type30

silicon will actually convert to ptype in the region close to the SiSiO., interface, so that there will be
ap-type link connecting the diffusedsource and drain islands. The negative gate voltage at which conduction between source and drain canfirst occur is called the gate threshold voltage VG8T . As the gate ismade more and more negative beyond VGsr the p-type link connecting source and drain will progressively widen resulting in lower andlower source-drain resistance. Since,
when current does flow between
source and drain, it is carried byholes, which are the majority carriers, the device shown in Fig. 1A
is called a p-type MOST or pMOST.
To have a low threshold voltage
VG8T and high transconductance ina MOST, it is necessary to have athin oxide beneath the gate and close
spacing between source and drain
islands. It is presently possible toobtain reproducible spacings down
to about 5 microns and thicknesses
to about 1,000 A. These criticalgeometrical parameters are controlled using standard manufacturing techniques. Compared to active
elements such as the p-n junction
input
field-effect transistor the
MOST is simple and several can be
integrated in the same slice of silicon
without isolation problems or increase in the number of processing
steps.
Characteristics—In operation (Fig.
1B) the bias voltage Vim applied tothe drain of ap-MOST with respect
to its source must always be negative, so the drain p-n junction isreverse biased. If the gate voltage
November 1, 1963 electronics

Provides Broadband Gain
rr,u,t;

ALUMINUMMETALLIZATIONDRAIN LEAD

GATE

-16

o

VDS
N DOPEDSILICON
WAFER-12SILICON,DIOXIDELAYER
SOURCE LEAD

-121111111MINVIIII
IllaillilliMill
111111ZOMMAIM

(B)

(C)

VDS'VGS IN VOLTS --10VGST-16-8manzpami
mumitemum
immciummu

SOURCE(A)-12sowteterniaw,
timmardivi
mig-azow,amisaummel

IDS

DIFFUSED P REGIONS(SPACED VERY CLOSELY)In

VDS IN VOLTS —11.-

LEAD

Ves IN VOLTS --e•-8i -4

VGST

Ve
-161

-12

-8

-4

GaiiiIIIMIMIZIE
IMEllinillierid -0.2 t
MIME, MERVEMIIIBLUKNE1111
e111111111M11111INNUR
-0.4

-1

11111104111010111MINIz

0-

IMIIIIIMMIIIIM-" SELOAPDELINE
s RL

o

(D)

(E)

11111•111E111111VAI 0.8

11111111121111EM -O(F)

SECTIONAL view of p-MOST (A), suggested symbol and terminal notation (B), drain current vs drain voltage with gate voltage a parameter (C), drain current vs drain voltage with gate tied to drain with gate threshold voltage —8 y (D), automatically biased a-c amplifier stage (E), graphical operating point determination (F)—Fig. 1

INTEGRATED
a-c amplifier ofFig. 2E shown asa microphotographf,• -• • (77,DRAIN—15

Vos IN VOLTS
-16

VGST
21
-4

1111.0aValliMil _2

MIZIWARMIIMEIIMMIAKKOMIEd1 _`(› IIIMUNIWA1111.41111
1111111111111111KIIIIMINI

log

4

MIM E um

VG5 is more positive than V G gT, thedrain current Ins is small (it will bethat flowing in areverse biased silicon junction, or < 10 -9 amp).
When Vas is made more negative
than VosT drain current will increase and it will increase considerably if Vos is made negative enough.
Data on typical present devices areshown in Fig. 1C, where for V,,.5 =Gg =—11 volts, /Ds is approximately —5 ma. For gate voltages
more negative than VosT the characteristic curves resemble those of apentode, in that the dynamic output
resistance is high.
A convenient way to determine
the gate threshold voltage V Ggr at
which drain current /Ds first flows is
to tie the gate to the drain and thenplot Ins vs V Gs on atransistor curve
tracer as in Fig. 1D. Usually it isdesirable to have devices for whichI
VD8r 1is as small as possible. But
V Ggr is a parameter that can be
adjusted within wide limits during
manufacturing, by adjusting the oxide thickness under the gate. If desirable, IVDsT ican be made large
for high-power, high-voltage amplifier applications.
Automatic Biasing—Consider the
single-stage amplifier of Fig. lE witha supply voltage VD that is several
volts more negative than the gate
threshold voltage of the MOST.
Without input signal (e IN = 0)
drain voltage 1/1,
8 is determined asfollows. Gate Vo,, = VD,, independent of the value of(since no gate
current flows). Voltage 1,1,
8 cannotequal V,,, because then the MOST
would conduct current causing a
voltage drop in RL.Also, VD,, mustbe at least as negative as VosT toproduce any drain current flow atall. It appears, therefore, that V05
will be automatically biased to avalue between V Ggr and V. This
Rf

32

.IN

II

_8

(
B

(A)

eour

0.001
0.001

W

0.001

(C)

is abias region in which the MOST
has appreciable small signal gain.
To find exactly the small signal operating point for the circuit of Fig.
1E IDs vs V,, 5 = Vos is plotted forthe particular MOST used. On thesame graph is superimposed a load
line of slope 1/R1,, with an x intercept of VD.The intersection of thesetwo curves (Fig. 1F) gives the operating point current /D8D and voltage V050 = V„go. If the characteristic curves are now also superimposed on the same graph,the variations .Celos and 3. VDs
owing to small variations rili Gs
about V350 can be obtained. Thisgraphical operating point determination is performed in Fig. 1F for thesame MOST that was used to obtain
the data of Fig. 1C and D. It is evident from Fig. 1F that the stage willautomatically bias itself to a pointof useful gain for almost any valueof its load resistor RL. The value of
RI,is not critical, since it is difficult
to saturate Tips at extreme voltage.
For determining static bias conditions the values ofand Ci areunimportant in the circuit of Fig.
1E. Consider the conditions necessary for amplification of asmall input signal eiN . For asmall changee,„ in the gate voltage the drain
voltage will change in the opposite
direction. Thus, the first requirement to obtain a-c gain is that the
input coupling capacitor Ci must be
much larger than the gate-drain capacitance Con .This is satisfied because a typical MOST has only
about 0.2 pf for Coo. More importantly, the degenerative effect of signal coupling throughfrom drain
to gate must be kept small in comparison to the signal coupled to thegate through Ci.This means that a-c
amplification can only be obtained
down to afrequency fe equivalent to
1/ RiCi.
Rf

Rf

To make an amplifier stage thatis flat down to 1 cycle means thatthe product ofand Ci should beseveral seconds at least. The advantage of a MOST becomes apparent
since the gate requires no d-c input
current,
can be made extremely
large in value and Ci fairly small toobtain the large RfCiproduct. Feedback resistors
having values beyond 10 12 ohms have been successfully used. With such large feedback
resistors, input capacitor Ci musthave an exceedingly low leakage
current.
An accurate value foris notimportant as long as the product
RfCiis much greater than the periodof the lowest frequency signal to be
amplified.
Rf

Rf

Rf

Rf

Transistor Addition—In an a-c
amplifier stage driving a heavyload, an npn transistor can be
added as an emitter follower, so thedrain of the MOST need only supply base current to the transistor.
This arrangement is shown in Fig.
2A. This combination of MOST andtransistor can be considered a new
species of three-lead device. This
composite has some characteristics,
shown in Fig. 2B, that are similar toa single MOST. For example, thegate threshold voltage V057 is acomparable negative value. However, the transconductance of thecomposite, when it has started to
conduct, is much larger than for asingle MOST. The composite gm isthe product of the gm of the MOST
and the # of the transistor. Anotherslight difference between the composite and the single MOST is that,regardless of gate voltage, the drainof the composite must be more negative than approximately —0.7 volt
to have conduction. This is the voltage required between the base andthe emitter of the transistor before
November 1,

1963

electronics

2000

-v

1000 r3DB(723C)
7.,
c.1

OUT

500 ,
rIN
200

100

10
1

10 2
10 3
FREQUENCY IN CYCLES

10
14

1°15

(D)

any base current will begin to flow.
The composite can be used inself-biased stages like that of Fig.
1E. If desirable, load resistor RI,
can be made smaller to get more
power gain. In fact, several transistors can be connected from a
MOST in a Darlington configuration, so that practically any size
load can be driven with automatic
bias point stabilization.
A-C Amplifier—Figure 2C shows apractical high-input-impedance, lowoutput-impedance voltage amplifiercomprising cascaded stages, eachlike that of Fig. 1E. The 10 9 ohm
feedback resistors were made especially for this application by depositing athin film of amorphous silicon
onto an insulating substrate, etching into a pattern and bonding on
leads. The resistors are physicallysmall, in the order of 0.01 by 0.01
in. Together with 0.001-4 coupling
capacitors they produce a low-frequency response of about 5 cycles
at 3 db down.
At low frequencies such that theinterelectrode capacitances of the
MOST can be neglected, but at frequencies high enough that there is
not too much degenerative feedback
through
the gain of one stage ofthe amplifier of Fig. 2C should be
G. = eye" = g,„r,,Rd(r D±R,,),
where rD is the dynamic output resistance of the MOST. The total
voltage gain should be the productof three such terms and when calculated is G = 1,290, using valuesof gn,andfrom the characteristic
curves in Fig. 1C and Fig. 2B. The
measured gain of about 1,350
agrees favorably with this calculated
value over a bandwidth from 5
cycles to 72 kc (3 db down points)
as shown in Fig. 2D.
The constant gain bandwidth
could be extended, at the sacrificeRf,electronics November 1, 1963(E)of low frequency gain, by connecting more degenerative capacitancefrom drain to gate of each MOST
in the circuit of Fig. 2C.
Input Impedance—For asolid -state
amplifier the circuit of Fig. 2C has
an extremely high input impedance
Zfv.
Above a few cps Zu results
almost exclusively from gate-drain
capacitance CGD of the first MOST
multiplied by the gain of the firststage, plus the gate-source capacitance CG,. With typical values of
CGs =1.5 pf, CG,, = 0.2 pf, andG about 8, we get CTOTAL about 3
pf. At a signal frequency of 50 kc
the input impedance is still greaterthan 1megohm.
Transients—Since the gate of the
MOST is insulated from its body it
can never draw current for either
positive or negative voltage excursions. Therefore, if the a-c amplifier shown in Fig. 2C has amomentary extra large input pulse, normal
low level signal amplification canproceed immediately afterwards.
No capacitor blocking phenomenon
will occur like that in a-c coupledvacuum-tube amplifiers. An upper
limit is set by the breakdown voltage of the oxide layer beneath thegate, but this voltage can be made100 volts or higher depending on
the thickness used.
Integration—An attractive featureof the a-c amplification scheme isthe ease with which it might be integrated into a single silicon chip.
An a-c coupled amplifier with gain
down to very low frequencies is generally impossible to integrate because large values of coupling capacitance are needed. Here, if the
feedback resistanceof a stage
is made about 10 12 ohms the input
capacitor C, can be as low as 10 pf,
Rf

COMBINATION of MOST
and npn transistor gives
increased g. (A), inputoutput
characteristics
for combination shown
previously (B), high input impedance amplifier circuit (C), gain of
amplifier vs frequency(D), circuit of integrated
a-c amplifier stage showing
parasitic
reversebiased
diodecapacitance (E)—Fig. 2

and gain is obtained down to afew
cycles per second.
Figure 2E is the equivalent circuit of the integrated stage shownin the microphotograph. The input
capacitor to this stage consists of ametal electrode separated from a pisland by a thin SiO 2 insulating
layer. The metal electrode goes to
the gate of the MOST and the pisland is the input terminal to thestage. This MOS capacitor with
SiO 2 as its dielectric has low leakage
current to the metal electrode, sothat it is possible to use a thin film
silicon resistor of about 10 12 ohms
connected from drain to gate to set
the bias level. However, there is anunavoidable parasitic capacitanceof about 10 pf between the p islandand the n-type substrate. This parasitic capacitance basically limits thestage to relatively low frequency
amplification. Other types of thinfilm input capacitors still to be developed could extend the high frequency response.
The integrated stage has avoltage
gain of about 5. Several cascaded
stages without other components
produce any total desired gain. The
stages are not critical with respect
to supply voltage or to internal component tolerance.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
C. T. Sah, A New Semiconductor Tetrode—The Surface-Potential Controlled Transistor, Proc. IRE. 49, p 1,623, Nov. 1961.
P. K. Weimer, The TFT—A New ThinFilm Transistor, Proc. IRE, 50, p 1,462,
June 1962.
D. Kahng and M. M. Atalla, Solid-State
Device Res. Conf, at the Mellon Inst. &Carnegie Inst. of Technology, Pittsburgh,Pa., June 1960.
M. F. Wolff, Advances in Microminiaturization,
ELECTRONICS
36, p.
51,
Feb. 15, 1963.
F. M. Wanlass, Field-Effect Metal-OxideSemiconductor-Transistors and Microelectronics, WESCON Preprint for 1963.

33

PLATED HOLESSIMPLIFY MEMORY DESIGNThis new magnetic-storage unit combines the operating speed andmanufacturing simplicity of athin-film memory with the closed-flux
configuration afforded by ferrite cores. It increases application
flexibility and reduces design problems
By J. S. SALLO, Honeywell Research Center, Hopkins, Minnesota

GREAT improvements have been made in randomaccess magnetic stores. At the present, ferrite cores
are the most widely used elements in such systems,
and improvements in ferrite compositions have led
to higher-temperature operation and lower switchingcoefficients. The use of smaller cores has lowered drive
requirements and reduced stack size. Partial switching,coupled with word organized readout, has further
increased the speed of such systems. But even with
automated wiring techniques such systems are relatively costly, temperature limited, and, barring somemajor breakthrough, limited in ultimate speed
capability.
Metallic magnetic thin films have now come into
limited use in memories. These thin films are inherently high-speed devices and utilize magnetic anisotropy in their operation. Problems such as creep
and dispersion are presently being studied and appear
to be due largely to the open-flux nature of the device'.
As apartial solution to this problem, recent memories
have used apair of films to partially close the flux".
Despite the remaining problems, this class of device
offers great promise in high-speed applications.
Film devices are limited to high-speed operation due
to the small amount of flux available. A third class ofdevices, usually plated wires, are capable of higher
output; examples of these are the Twistor4,bit-wires,rods, and plated tensor 7.Except for the tensor, allthese have open flux paths. In addition, all but the rod
are limited to two-wire applications. Examples of thenewer devices which are not plated wires are the woven
screens. Permalloy sheet°, and waffle iron's. All haveclosed-flux paths or approach aclosed flux configuration. These devices are so new, however, that the data
available for evaluation is inadequate for objective
analysis.
Design—The Orthocore" is designed to provide ahighly-flexible closed flux store. In principle, a groupof wire is fixed to connectors to form the desired wir34

NO WIRES CROSSED
Silhouette to the contrary, this device functions according to plan and is intended to provide a more
flexible closed flux store for magnetic memories. Using printed-circuit wiring, Orthocore contains a seriesof magnetic-memory cores within the criss-cross gridsof its structure. One construction advantage is theelimination of all welding and soldering. Moreover,
the techniques used permit either a coincident-current
or word-organized memory to be constructed

ing pattern. This wiring configuration is placed insideacarefully machined two-part steel mold and the moldis filled with a suitable insulating material such as aplastic. In the finished part, a plastic cylinder isformed around each conjunction of several wires thatwill become a memory bit. When this form is coatedwith a magnetic material, these cylinders will become
memory cores.
In practice, the use of actual wires is impractical,
as they tend to come to the surface of mold and shortout to the magnetic material. In addition, the use ofstraight wires presents a limitation in the diameterto-length ratio of the magnetic cores since some wires
must be on a diagonal through the core. Moreover,the use of straight wires soldered to aconnector board
is a potentially expensive operation.
All of these limitations can be eliminated by using
printed wires on thin plastic sheets; the wires need not
be straight and they provide a greater flexibility inwiring configurations with lower cost. In addition,
wire ends can be thickened and used as the connectors, so that soldering and welding is eliminated.
A drawing of an Orthocore plane prepared in thisway is shown in Fig. IA. The squares represent holes
in the plane; one of these is indicated as A. Each holeis surrounded by four cores; the cores around hole A
November 1, 1963 electronics

GRIDS in the Orthocore
actually house a highly
flexible, closed-flux store

MAGNETIC
PLATING

_

,

4 1;

n

n
nin [

411 E1

3

2

INTERROGATECURRENTPULSE

WIRE
THREADED
THROUGH"ORTHOCORE" ARRAYTO PROVIDE BIAX-TYP
NDRO PULSE.

(A) —

(B)

are shown as 1, 2, 3, and 4. Each core passes along
the top of the cylinder, down through one of theadjacent holes, back along the bottom of the cylinder,and up through the other adjacent hole to complete
its closed flux path. Thus, each core requires two holes
to accomplish its flux closure and each hole is surrounded by four cores. The broken lines show apossible configuration of imbedded wires that might beused to select core 4in athree-wire memory. The two
zigzag wires meet only in core 4 and are used to selectthis core in acoincident-current write operation.
Advantages—The Orthocore has the advantage ofeliminating the wiring of individual magnetic toroids,
leading to alarge cost saving relative to conventional
ferrite memories. The magnetic elements are present
in a true closed-flux path configuration that is not
limited to atwo-wire memory system. In fact, agreat
flexibility in wiring is provided. Since small cores neednot be wired, a reduction in core diameter is also
possible leading to avery compact memory. Figure 2A
shows an experimental Orthocore form using 0.030inch diameter cores on 0.060-inch centers. The cores
are 0.030-inch long and each hole forms aflux-closurelink for four cores. The active area contains 144 bits
and is '/2 X 1/ X 0.030-inch in size, leading to abit
2
density of 20,000 bits/cubic inch. The connectors at
the edge of the plane are formed by the printed wires
themselves. One of the printed wiring sheets used in
the fabrication of the 0.030-inch form is shown in
Fig. 2B.
Non Destructive Readout—The techniques described
are applicable to either a coincident-current or aelectronics

November 1,

1963

PRINTED CIRCUITSHEET WITH
SOLENOID CIRCUIT(C )PLANE with one possible wiring configuration (A), use of core for biax-type(B), and cross section of plane containing printed-circuit sheets (C)—Fig. 1

nondestructive

CIRCUIT

readout

interrogate

pulse

word-organized memory. Both schemes employ adestructive readout of the memory bit. Many applications exist, particularly in military and space systems,
where readout of the memory bit without destroying
the stored information is desirable. This can be obtained in either of two ways with the Orthocore. Oneof these techniques utilizes the geometry of the form
itself. Figure 1B shows a perspective drawing of the
Orthocore plane. Since the hole in the form is coatedwith magnetic material, a magnetic core exists in theplane of the form inside this hole. This core forms acommon link with the memory cores and is orthogonal
to them. This is the same configuration as is found in
the ferrite biax element 12 also shown in Fig. 1B. A
wire threaded through the hole in the plane as shown
will, when pulsed, produce an NDRO output on thefour cores surrounding this hole. The Orthocore provides an advantage in wiring simplicity, cost, size,
and temperature stability relative to the single ferrite
elements.
The second NDRO scheme requires that asolenoid
be wound around the plane. When this solenoid ispulsed to yield a transverse field, the magnetization
vector rotates against the anisotropy of the material.
When the solenoidal field is removed, magnetization
returns to its easy direction. This type of NDRO is
used in the tensor. Figure 1C illustrates across-sectionof an Orthocore plane showing the single-turn solenoid
strip in position.
Problems—The Orthocore offers advantages in fabrication of closed-flux and magnetic-film devices; however, it presents some severe problems in terms of thedeposition of the magnetic materials. Magnetic ma35

JL
DEVICE with 0.030-inch core diameter prior to depositionof magnetic material (A) and one set of printed wires usedin the 0.030-inch form (B)—Fig. 2

terial must be uniformly deposited along the entire
circumference of the substrate cylinder. This is particularly difficult to achieve inside the holes in theform. With present planes, we are dealing with asquare hole 0.030-inch on an edge. Smaller bit spacings are contemplated that will require deposition
inside even smaller holes. Most techniques for deposition of magnetic materials such as evaporation andelectrodeposition will suffer from extreme uniformity
problems when applied to this complex geometry.
Electroless deposition is remarkably free of thesegeometry limitations and will form a uniform deposit
inside the small holes. Therefore, hypophosphite reduction of nickel and cobalt was chosen as the technique for the formation of materials for the device.
Deposition on plastic tubes has shown that a wide
range of magnetic properties are available from NiCo-P materials prepared by this technique. Coercivities ranging from 0.2 oersted to above 5 oersteds are
attainable. Moreover, deposition in a circumferential
magnetic field induces anisotropy in the deposit andleads to a square hysteresis loop in the desired direction. Deposition thickness is readily varied from under
1,000 A to above 50 microns at a nominal rate of
2,000 to 4,000 A/min. The deposition process is relatively inexpensive, particularly with the utilizationof new bath-stabilization techniques that have beendeveloped. The composition of the magnetic deposit
is nominally 35 % Co, 63 % Ni and 2 % P.
Switching Coefficient—In terms of coincident current
and linear-select classes of magnetic stores, the switching coefficient, Sw, 13 is of prime importance. Thisvalue is afigure of merit that determines the switchingtime to be expected for agiven drive in awall-motion
switching process. If a thick film (over 10,000 A)
Orthocore store is to be considered, Sw must be compared with ferrite materials. In ferrite materials, Sw
is usually in the order of 0.5-oersted microseconds.
Presently Orthocore materials have Sw of about 2oersted microseconds. This means that on a 0.030inch cylinder, a half-select drive of about 400-maturns is required to produce a 1-microsecond switching time in coincident-current write or read application. Slower switching speeds will require less drive.
Linear select schemes permit a faster read-out with36

larger drives. Partial switching-write techniques could
also be considered for linear select applications.
Continuing research on the electroless class of magnetic materials is expected to improve the propertiesof this class of wall-motion Orthocore stores. However, materials presently available have many potential
applications. Experimental planes, although still inthe development stage, are showing good uniformity
characteristics. These planes can be prepared at low
cost and at high packing density. NDRO can be obtained if desired and occurs in the nanosecond-speed
region depending upon the rise time of the applied
pulse. Therefore, the present device is applicable tohigh-speed, read-only applications. In addition, any
memory problems requiring low cost and random
access where high speed is not required are entirely
suitable for this device.
Logic—Due to the flexibility of wiring inherent to thedevice, Orthocore logic is a good possibility. Utilization of this flexibility can lead to low-cost schemes
for shift registers, counters, and other magnetic logic
components. In most of these applications, the switching coefficient is not of great importance and extensive
hand wiring greatly increases the present cost. Several
similar applications are currently under investigation.
The Orthocore also possesses possibilities as athinfilm, high-speed device. In this usage, amemory would
retain the closed flux path of the present device where
positioning of wires is not important and creep anddispersion problems are minimized. The study ofclosed-flux electroless thin films has just begun and theproperties of the films are still virtually unknown.
Flat films have properties similar to those of evaporated or electrodeposited films. In order to produce
this type of memory, the size of the Orthocore form
must be substantially reduced in order to solve thepropagation time problem.
Orthocore device provides a means of obtaining
prewired closed-flux, magnetic-memory arrays. The
main advantages of this technique are low cost, wiring
flexibility, small size, and temperature stability.
Although present materials fall outside of the highspeed memory class, many applications exist for thepresent class of materials. Future work is expected
to lead to high-speed devices where the full potentialof the concept can be realized.
The author wishes to acknowledge the advice andassistance of R. J. Prosen, T. J. CebuIla and R. B.
Fryer.
REFERENCES(1) J. M. Daughton and A. V. Pohm, Proceedings of theIntermag Conference. 15-5 1963.
(2) A. V. Pohm, R. J. Zirgg, G. A. Watson, T. A. Smay,
R. M. Stewart, Jr., Proceedings of the Intermag Conference,
9-5 1963.
(3) R. P. Halverson, C. A. Rowland, Proceedings of the Intermag Conference. 9-3 1963.
(4) A. H. Boheck, J. Appl. Phys. 295. 485 1958.
(5) S. J. Schwartz, J. S. Sallo, IRE Trans. EC-8, 465 1959.
(6) D. A. Meier, J. Appl. Phys. .10. 455 1959.
(7) T. R. Long, J. dppl. Phys. 315, 1235 1960.
(8) R. A. Howard, P. E. Wells, L. Cann, J. S. Davis, Large
Capacity Memory Techniques for Computing Systems, Macmillan Co., 361 1962.
(9) G. R. Briggs, J. W. Tuska, Proceedings of the Intermag
Conference, 3-4 1963.
(10) A. H. Bobeck, Proceedings of the Intermag Conference,
3-2 1963.
(11) J. S. Sallo, Proceedings of the Intermag Conference,
3-6 1963.
(12) C. L. Wanlass, S. D. Wanlass, Wescon Convention
Record, pt. IV, 40 1959.
(13) N. Menyuk, J. B. Goodenough, J. Appt. Phys. 26, 8 1955.

November 1,

1963

electronics

Moseley 2DR, compact, rack mounting

Moseley 2D with Q3 variable speed motor drive

MOSELEY X -Y T* RECORDERS
MODEL 2D 11" x17" series AUTOGRAP?' RECORDERS are offeredin 9different units, tailored to your exact need.
MODEL 2D (Bench type) and 2DR (Rack type). Versatile series
leaders feature dc and ac inputs, X-axis time basis, continuous
electronic reference, and facilities for a built-in magnetic curve
follower. MODEL 2D or 2DR, $2450.
MODEL 2D-2 and 2DR-2. Include all standard features of 2D, 2DR
except ac input facility. MODEL 2D-2 or 2DR-2, $2050.
MODEL 2D-3 and 2DR-3. Specially designed for operation with±100 volt external computer reference supply. Include alternate
built-in electronic reference, omit time base and ac signal input
features. MODEL 2D-3 or 2DR-3, $2050.
MODEL 2D-4 and 2DR-4. Low cost versions with reduced accuracy for basic dc signal recording. Furnished without time base,ac input, or curve follower facilities. 2D-4 or 2DR-4, $1490.
MODEL 2D-5. Combines all features of Model 2D with Type F-3
Photo-Electric Line Follower. Records, reproduces afunction signal
with desired transport delay simulation.
7524R2electronics

November 1,

1963

No other 11"x 17" Recorder offers
all these standard features
2/
1

mv/in. Sensitivity

16 Calibrated dc Ranges Plus Stepless Control(Vernier)
One Megohm Input Resistance on all Ranges(Optional)
Built-in X-Axis Time BaseElectronic Reference
Full Scale Zero and Full Scale Zero Offset
Self Contained Vacuum System for Paper
Holdown
Optional AC Input
Optional Roll Chart Capabilities
Operates with Both Magnetic and Optical
Curve and Line Followers

F.
409

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N.
an

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Ave.,

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Hewlett-Packard

CIRCLE 37 ON READER SERVICE CARD

37

Acoustical Componentsof Superior Quality
JAPAN PIEZO supplies 80% ofJapan's crystal product requirements.

Computer
Analyzes
X-RaysData-processing methods
show progress in EEG
and EKG studies, too

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At 20°C, response: 50 to 10,000 c/s
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Write for detailed catalog on ourcomplete line of acoustical products
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noJAPAN PIEZOELECTRIC CO., LTD •Kami-renjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan38

CIRCLE 38 ON READER SERVICE CARD

By JOHN M. CARROLLManaging Editor

TV SCANNING system that enlarges selected portions of x-ray images is one of

NEW ORLEANS—Progress in theuse of electronic computers, instruments and displays to study diseases
was demonstrated here last week atTulane University's Bio-Medical
Computing System Center.
A joint venture with IBM, thecenter was established two years
ago with a five-year, $1,674,854
grant from the National Institutesof Health. Equipment includes an
IBM 1410 systems with two channels and 40,000-character memory,also a 1401.

graph. The radiograph is scannedwith avidicon equipped with azoom
lens.
Signal-conditioning circuits
pass the video to a21-inch tv monitor. The equipment permits enhancing sharp changes in density.
The video, which has a 10 to 12-Mc
bandwidth is impressed on a differential amplifier as is an image passed
down to a40-Mc, lumped-constant,variable delay line. This configuration effectively subtracts out background and leaves in the intelligencetransmitted in sharp changes indensity. Thus the system differentiates the image.

X-Ray Images—For digital processing aflying-spot scanner with 380line resolution dissects a3 >< 3-inch
section of aradiograph into 190,000
elemental areas. Video output isquantized into 100 gray-scale levels
by an analog-digital converter.
Digits go through the 1401 where
the quantized information is stored,
typically on 70 ft of i-in. tape.
The digital image can be alteredto assist the radiologist by presenting
less information, but uncluttered.
For example, a gray-scale range
from 30 to 35 might be extended
from 00 (black) to 99 (white). A
digital-analog converter then presents conditioned data on a 5-inch
crt. The system allows differential
diagnosis of pathological lesions. In
one case it revealed a lung malignancy not apparent to the unaidedeye.
Analog x-ray enhancement permits gray-scale expansion and studyof various sections of the radio-

EEG Patterns—Techniques basic ir
speech recognition have been usec
to teach a computer to discriminate
between normal and abnormal electroencephalograms. The EEG signals are multiplied in frequency(and compressed in time) by a factor of 240. A bank of 36 filters thenseparates out frequency components,
which are analyzed simultaneously.
In this work, an IBM 7090 was
shown the awake but relaxed patterns of 4 normal patients. It wasthen shown patterns from both normal patients and from patients suffering from brain disease. In thelatter case, there was low correlation with the previously learned pat-terns.

EKG Records—A 1401 has helped
cardiologists study parameters ofelectrocardiograms. The EKG output is fed to an A-D converter andNovember 1, 1963 electronics

Now
addressable
and sequential
multiplexing
in one unit
MULTIPLEXER
rte

wan

•

•

4

displays being developed at Tulane Universtiy center
NIS

to a 1401 which flags significant
parts of the waveform and determines significant changes. The program ignores short-term noise. It
may be useful in operating-room
and intensive-care monitoring.
Medical Records—Modern information storage and retrieval techniques
may reduce bulky medical records
and permit their storage on magnetic tape. The Tulane project includes 5,000 case histories suppliedby 3 hospitals. Records can besearched at the rate of 1,000 in fiveminutes instead of months as inmanual searching.

9

•

•

•

•

•

•

TEXAS INSTRUMENTS—•,-

choose either binary or BCD
channel address and confirmation• Sampling rate to 50,000 channels/sec
features• Variable frame length• Accuracy ± 0.02% full scale• Input levels to =b. 10 V

Texas Instruments Multiplexers are all solid state units
providing accurate, high-speed bipolar operation with low
dynamic crossfeed, fast settling time, and variable strobe.
Manual channel select switches facilitate system set-up andcheck-out. Frame length is selectable from front panel.
Expandable to 160 channels by means of plug-in printed
circuit cards. Case size 534 by 19 by 18 inches for standard
relay rack mounting.

,6

Trs high speed
Model 834 Analog-Digital
Converter, ideal

•

e
•
t

...........„,„•- VIP..•
.
•
.
•
•

•
•
•
.

•
•
•

le

••
•

Ap
"1

•
•
•

•

e 'i
I .

• e1

companion instrument to
the TI Multiplexer.
High speed: 1.5 µsec per bit

Accuracy: -± 0.05% full scale

Built-in sample and holdAutomatic zero stabilization

Ask a TI Application Engineer for further information on
digital data handling equipment for your specific needs.
INDUSTRIALPRODUCTSMETASTATIC cancer nodule (circledarea) barely visible in x-ray (top) is
seen in computer-processed image(bottom)electronics November 1. 1963

GROUP

.
4

5
:
p
,

TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
INCORPORATED
P. 0 SOX 66027
HOUSTON 6. TEXASS ENSING - RECORDING • TESTING • DIGITIZING INSTRUMENT S
THE
IN S T RUMENT S
OF
TEXAS
IN S TRUMEN TS

CIRCLE 39 ON READER SERVICE CARD

39

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Thick-Film Memory Has High Output
IBM uses orthogonal
magnetization scheme on
cylindrical cores
NEW TYPE of computer memory
with output signals in excess of-± 15 mv with a read-drive risetimeof 20 nsec was described at NEC
this week by N. F. Lockhart of
IBM's
Data
Systems
Division,
Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Called the cylindrical film memory, the system is based on orthogonal-mode cylindrical cores ofnickel-iron metal. For a substrate,each elementary device uses a 0.1inch piece of glass tubing approximately 0.015 inch i.d. and 0.025
inch o.d. An 80-20 Permalloy(thick) film is deposited by electroplating to athickness of about 6,000
on the outside surface. No surface preparation is needed except
for a thin gold underlayer to serve
as a highly conductive surface forthe electroplating. The Permalloy
film is deposited in the presence ofa circumferentially oriented d-cmagnetic field. A highly oriented
uniaxial magnetic film results; itseasy axis of magnetization is alignedwith the circumferential direction,

BIT
WIRE

SENSE
WIRE

WORD
DRIVE LINE

BIT GEOMETRY shows word line andbit line arrangements: word line produces circumferential flux, bit line
axial flux. Sense wire passes throughcenter of core

40

TEST ARRAY of 2,048 words used direct coupled word and gate drivers indiode selection matrix for word drive system, low-impedance stripline cables
and close spacing

and the hard axis is parallel to thecylinder's axis.
Orthogonal Mode—The cylindricalfilm device has been developed fororthogonal mode operation, characterized by two mutually perpendicular directions of excitation. A
current in the word conductor produces a field parallel to the hardaxis. Application of the word fieldrotates the stored remanent magnetization of the core from its circumferential alignment into alignment with the hard axis. The changethat occurs at this time in circumferential flux links the sense winding, and produces apositive or negative output signal. The output
polarity depends on the nature of
the stored remanent state—either
plus or minus remanence.
The bit drive is so positioned that
abit drive pulse produces acircumferentially oriented field in the cylindrical core. If this field is appliedat the same time as a word field,
the magnetization vector is inclinedin either the clockwise or thecounterclockwise direction, depending on the bit drive polarity. Removal of the word field allows themagnetization vector to align itself
in the direction favored by the bit
field; subsequent removal of the bit
field completes the writing portionof the cycle.
Experimental Array—A memory
array of 2,048 72-bit word capacity
was built and tested for evaluationof the basic device, using the basic
horseshoe-type geometry shown in
the figure, and apackaging approachthat kept to a minimum the necessary array wiring lengths.
Twomodels were built: the first used anelectrostatic shield for the purposeof reducing read noise. The second,
more successful, did not, andachieved a word gate noise of lessthan 3 millivolts, and bit noise of
150 millivolts peak when driving
and sensing in a single bit position.
The circuit and array delays in themodel memory indicated that a400500 nsec cycle is possible in a system of up to 16,000 words.
November 1,

1963

electronics

Kepco voltage/current regulated

Other features include:

power supplies in the KS series now• High Power in Compact Design

come equipped with voltage/current
mode indicators called "VIX". Timesaving and added utility are provided
by these indicators which show at a
glance whether the power supply isin its voltage regulating mode or its
current regulating mode. This indication is especially useful in the Kepco
KS

Models

since

they

have

ex-

tremely sharp cross-over characteristics.
>14 VOLTAGE/CURRENT CROSSOVER SIGNAL

Send for complete data on
Kepco KS Models
featuring NEW "VIX" Indicators

REAR VIEW
KEPCO 31/2", :: k --- .é.

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Connections

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Cable Address: KEPCOPOWER NEWYORK• Series/Parallel Versatility
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eem.a%.
PAGES

321 -352

eLi4G

CIRCLE 41 ON READER SERVICE CARD

HERE'S A SWITCH
1500 watts inductive
2000 watts resistive
Delco's silicon 2N2580 series
40.

Switch ultrahigh voltages at peak power levels
with Delco Radio's family of silicon transistors—2N2580, 2N2581, 2N2582, 2N2583.
350

•
300

Test circuit—inductive load

250

Inductive or resistive loads can be switchedat full rated collector current (up to 10 amperes) within the 325-volt safe operating area

VCE in Volts

200

150

—with freedom from secondary breakdown.
100

50

o
2,12550-82
2825131 -83

0
0

1.0

20

3.0

4.0

SO

2.0

40

6.0

8.0

10.0

lc

in Amperes

Typical inductive switching curve

Each transistor features a maximum
sustaining voltage(VC E sus.) of 325V,
and has VCBO,VCEX and VCEO
ratings of either 400
or 500 volts in eitherof two gain ranges.
Typical resistive switching curve

Test circuit—resistive load

All 2N2580 series transistors are available
now at new reduced prices. For complete
data, contact your Delco Radio semiconductor distributor or any of the sales offices
listed below.
Union. New Jersey
324 Chestnut Street
MUrdock 7-3770
AREA CODE 201

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201 Town & Country Village
DAvenport 6-0365
AREA CODE 415

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GRanite 2-2668
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57 Harper Avenue
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42

CIRCLE 42 ON READER SERVICE CARD

November 1, 1963 electronics

COMPONENTS AND MATERIALSLight IsolatesIN

Amplifier Stages
Optically-coupled device
promises more accurate
measuring instruments

By LAURENCE D. SHERGALISRegional Editor
San Francisco

PALO ALTO, CALIF.—Electricalisolation of input from output has
been achieved with arelatively simple solid-state device that uses optical coupling. Developed at Hewlett-Packard Associates, the device
is afour-terminal network that electrically isolates input from output
while retaining the characteristics ofconventional transistors, Fig. 1A.
H-P Associates did the backgroundwork on the device under an Air
Force contract for advanced functional block development in which
the light emitting characteristics ofthe gallium-arsenide mesa diodewere investigated. Now, the diodehas been combined with a phototransistor. Results of this work will
be reported in a paper, "An Optically Coupled Amplifying Device"
by Dave Earle and Richard Soshea
at the Electron Devices Meeting
this week.
Basically, the device consists ofa gallium-arsenide mesa diodemounted on a silicon phototransistor. Two methods are used to couple the two units. In one scheme,
Fig. 1B, the p-layer of the diode isvery thin. Thus, the distance fromthe light-emitting junction to thephototransistor is very small. The
problem is in controlling this thickness, which can be of the order of
only a few microns. Also the contacting surface is made in ascreen
electronics November 1, 1963(A)

form. Using this type of construction, a light energy peak at 1.41
electron volts can be observed andutilized. This peak is absorbed ingallium-arsenide if the material is
thicker than afew microns.
Although the effect is strong, theexcitation mechanism isn't really
understood. Light can be readily
seen at liquid-nitrogen temperatures.
But H-P is striving to produce adevice that will be useful at room
temperature. Thus, unless the thickness of the p-layer is made small,another method must be used.
The 1.41-ev light peak can be ignored and a 1.37 electron-volt peak,obtained from zinc-doped material,
may be used. This peak, while notas strong as the 1.41 peak, may beobserved at room temperature andis not absorbed in the galliumarsenide material. Therefore, thediode is turned over and the n-layer

EM!T TERPHOTOTRANSISTOR(B)
1.37 ev

DIODE
EMITT7P

PHOTOTRANSISTOR(C)BASIC light amplifier circuit (A).
Two methods are used to mountgallium arsenide diode to silicon
phototransistor.
(B) gives higher
gain but requires more precise manufacturing tolerances. (C) uses lightenergy peak that is not absorbed in
the diode and is visible at room temperature, Fig. 1

•VV‘,
100
1,200
IN

10 -1,000

OUT

20V

(A)

(C)
TYPICAL amplifier circuit (A).
increase operating
relay (C), Fig. 2

speed.

Load resistance Ri. is kept to a minimum toinclude simple relay (B) and OR

Applications

43

jile

ANOTHERplaced in contact with the phototransistor, Fig. 1C.
One disadvantage of this type of
construction is that light is lost andoverall gain of the device is less.
But because of the ability of the devices to work at room temperatureand the relative ease of fabrication,
most of the experimental work has
been carried on with units constructed in this way.

QUALITY PRODUCTC9 5OECREEZPRECISE ANGLE INDICATORSPECIFICATIONS

Displays in digital readout any angular displacement fromaremotely located synchro transmitter. Very useful forcomputer groups and systems engineers for developmental experimentation and substantiation.
Accurate and rugged. Removable face allows modification to your own panel requirements. Miniature version available.
Contact any of our local offices or representatives.

• Slewing speed 25°/sec.
• Accuracy ± 6 minutes standard. Higher
accuracy available on special order.
• Repeatability 2: 1.0 minute.
• Life-2600 hours minimum withscheduled maintenance.
• Shock—Built to withstand applicable shock andvibration environments without damage.
• Standard panel mounting.
• Power-25 VA @ 115 V 400.

APPLICATIONS• Gyro Alignments• Vector Analysis of Many Circuits• Choice of synchro or potentiometer.

• Servo Loop Analysis• Ground Support Equipment• 'Auxiliary synchro or potentiometer may
be included up to size 15.

• 'Choice of single, two-speed, or dual inputs.

Not available in miniature version

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CLIFTONPRODUCTS CO., INC.

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CIRCLE 44 ON READER SERVICE CARD

WANT TODO BUSINESSWITH THE
GOVERNMENT ???????
Then check the Military and Government Procurement
Guide in the orange section of your ELECTRONICS BUYERS' GUIDE.
44

Efficiency—Light output varies withcurrent to the diode. The authors
say they are still conducting experiments to determine ways to achievea linear relationship between current in and photons out. Conversion
efficiency, they find, is dependent
upon both current level and temperature. Another factor in determining efficiency is the difference inindex of refraction of the galliumarsenide material and the material
through which the light passes uponleaving the diode. Index of refraction of the gallium arsenide is 3.5,
and the high reflection at the surface makes it difficult to get lightout. A very narrow critical angle—
only 16 degrees—has been found.
Light hitting the surface head on—
at 90 degrees—suffers a loss ofabout one-third due to reflections.
The trick, say the authors, is tofill the space between the diode surface and the phototransistor with amaterial having an index of refraction approaching that of galliumarsenide. Various potting materials
and glasses are being tried.
Phototransistor—This is a conventional silicon unit with very highbeta. Betas of the order of 500 to
1,000 are being used. This requirement puts tight tolerances upon the
manufacturing processes. Presently,
the phototransistor is the limiting
factor in the speed of the amplifier.
Speed of operation—Two factors
influence speed of operation. Thereappear to be ahigh lateral resistancein the base and a parallel capacitance between the base and emitter.
A solution to this problem is being
approached by designing various
emitter configurations. A stripe andavee shape are being tried.
Collector-base capacitance influences speed of operation also. While
it is only a few picofarads, it ismultiplied by the beta of the photoNovember 1, 1963 electronics

transistor in this type of operation
and becomes a major factor. This
capacitance plus the load resistor
form an RC network with a finite
time constant.
Load resistancevalues are held to aminimum.
Characteristics — Combining
thepair, some preliminary tests show acurrent gain of about 0.5 to 2.0,
with a 100-ohm load resistance.
Voltage gain is about 2.5 to 11 andpower gain is about 1.5 to 22. Cutoff frequency is about 250 kc at 3
db down. Work is continuing toextend cutoff frequency by a factorof 3or 4. Current-carrying capacity
is limited by the thermal characteristics of the transistor. Total harmonic distortion from zero to 500
kc is about 3 percent, and needs tobe improved by a factor of 10 to100.
Applications—Work on the "optically-coupled amplifier, Fig. 2A is
now product oriented, on applications where no interaction between
input and output is desired. Hewlett-Packard is interested in the device for measuring instruments.
Some interest has also beenshown for telephone applications toreplace certain types of relays. A
few test circuits have been tried,
including a simple relay, 2(B) OR
relay,
2(C) and various configurations of choppers. Becauseof the high speed of this device, it
may replace neon photoconductor
devices and relays. The amplifier isstill in the laboratory stage.

Attendthe greatest annual show inthe electronics industry

from February 7 to 12, 1964

Paris, Porte de Versailles

INTERNATIONAL
SALON
OF

COMPONENTS

ELECTRONICS

Airspeed Transducer
For

GeminiParaglider

All components, tubes
and semiconductors,
measuring and control
and electro -acoustic--

devices ...

FAIRCHILD Controls' TP-350 Airspeed Transducers will provide precise airspeed measurement during
the descent phase of Gemini flights.
A new landing system, employing a
Rogallo type paraglider, is planned
for Gemini to assure the spacecraft's
maneuverability during landing operations where anticipated airspeed
is between 25 and 75 knots.
electronics

November 1,

1963

For all informationand forms,

S.D.S.A. 23 RUE DE LUBECKPARIS 16: 'TEL. , PASSY 01-16

CIRCLE 45 ON READER SERVICE CARD

45

PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES

Wires Cut Crystals Accurately
Slurry and moving
wires do precisionslicing and dicing

By E. H. LEDERER
Semiconductor Products Dept.
General Electric Co.
Syracuse, New YorkWIRE OR ROPE has been used,with abrasive slurry, to cut hardmaterials such as stone since thebuilding of the pyramids. Now thatwire with extremely high tensile
strength is available, the method
can be used for slicing and dicing
semiconductor crystals, and for
cutting glass, quartz, ceramics, carbides and sapphire.
While wire cutting is much slower
than diamond-saw cutting (it takes
a wire two hours to cut through a
1-inch-diameter crystal), surface
finish of 10 microinches rms andtaper tolerances less than 0.005
inch per inch of cut can be realized.
Gentle action and smooth edges withlittle corner chipping are other desirable features. Multiwire cutting
helps compensate for the slowness.
Cutting Method—Generally a tungsten wire 0.005 to 0.007 inch indiameter is pulled under tension
over the work piece at a rate of
approximately 200 ft/min.
Anabrasive slurry of silicon carbide(600 to 800 grit) in oil is applied
to the work piece and wires. The
motion of the wire draws imbedded
abrasive across the work.
Special orientation mounting fixtures are used to accurately position the work below the wires.
The work is attached to amounting plate with a cement that sets
up hard and brittle and is readilycut. This plate is clamped in place
beneath the wires. The work is directed against the wires with aforce
of about 20 gms/inch of wire. The

WIRE STORAGE
CARRIAGE SYSTEMFEED REEL(NEW WIRE)

TAKE UP REEL(USED WIRE)\ WORK SUPPORTARM PIVOTWIRE GUIDEROLLERSOR PULLEYSWORK SUPPORTARM LOADINGWEIGHTSDRIVE
PULLEY

WATER FLUSH DRAIN
FOR BEARING SEALWIRE CUTTER designed and built by GE. A. 1/20-hp gear-reduction motor
drives the system
46

WIRING LOOP reverses direction
after running its full 10 meters in
one direction. Photo shows semiconductor ingot in position for multiwire cut

cutting speed through the work under the above conditions is approximately + to I- inch/hr.
Wire Carriage—To conserve wire
(which costs 2.50/meter) it is run
in one direction for a distance of
10 meters, reversed and rerun.
While this alternating procedure istaking place, the used wire is taken
up at arate of 2 meters/min.
A carriage system provides wire
storage to permit running in alternate directions while still feedingin and taking up used wire at aconstant velocity. Wire is stored between the eight pulleys on the endsof the machine and eight more oneach side of the carriage.
The slurry wears out the multigrooved wire guide rollers in approximately 4 hours of use. Roller
cost, depending on material, quantity and accuracy required, mayvary from $15 to $150 each. Hardened stainless steel (RC 50-55)
proved most economical. European
tungsten wire performed best.
November 1, 1963 electronics

HOW TOUSE YOURELECTRONICS
BUYERS' GUIDE *The Two-Way Product Locater

Most products advertised in the ELECTRONICS BUYERS' GUIDE are listed twice for yourconvenience. After the Product Heading, ad-

A.C. OR D.C. SMALLESTVAN EAXIAL BLOWERS
Only 11/"in diameter by amaximum 13
2
4 "long, these smallest/
blowers move 10 cfm of air against 0.6" H20back pressure!
Use these rugged sub-miniature blowers for spot cooling of
critical components where space is cramped and weight isimportant.
VAX-1 blowers operate on 26 v.d.c. or less, or 26 v.a.c.,
400 cycles. Weight is 1.4 ounces. Mounts with standard servo
ring clamps. (Globe makes larger blowers also.) Request Bulletin XAV from Globe Industries, Inc., 1784 Stanley Avenue,
Dayton 4, Ohio.

vertising page numbers appear where ap-

GLOBE

propriate (when advertisements of one kind

INDUSTRIES,
INC.

GLOBE

are grouped together in the book). Next to
the individual product listing, the page number of associated advertisingclm 8

material istisements for a particular product category,

14

ALLIEDor any specific advertisement, quickly, accuTRONICS BUYERS' GUIDE close to your work
area at all times.

12

CIRCLE 200 ON READER SERVICE CARD

cited. Thus you can locate all of the adver-

rately, and conveniently. Keep your ELEC-

10exclusively
forindustry

Industrial
Electronics
Catalog
1984

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1964 AILLIED

INDUSTRIAL
CATALOG 640

540 PAGES •COMPLETE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS CATALOG FOR
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ENGINEERS•World's Largest Stocks of Electronic Components•Same Day Shipment •Factory OEM Prices

for FREE copy, check reader service card or write direct

ALLIED

ELECTRONICS

subsidiary of ALLIED RADIO CORPORATION

100 N. Western Ave.,

Dept. 80-L,.Chicago 80,111.

For separate Catalog No. 230 featorIng hi-fi,
build-your-own kits, home tape recording, ham gear,
etc., write directly to Allied Radio,
Dept. AX, 100 N. Western Ave., Chicago 80, Ill.

electronics November 1, 1963

CIRCLE 47 ON READER SERVICE CARD

47

your success in engineering
depend on having
the right books?

The Electronics and Control Engineers' Book Club
helps you keep ahead in your field .. at a savings•

Start your membership with anyof these selections:Electronic Switching, Timing, and Pulse Circuits by
J. M. Pettit. Provides apractical understanding ofoperation of complex circuits.
Publisher's Price, $8.50
Club Price, $7.25
Information Transmission,
Modulation, and Noise by
M. Schwartz. A unified approach to communication
systems.
Publisher's Price, $12.50
Club Price. $10.65
Mathematics for Electronics
with Applications by H. M.
Nodelman and F. W. Smith,
Jr. Methods for solving
practical problems.
Publisher's Price, $7.00
Club Price, $5.95
Digital Computer and Control Engineering by R. S.
Ledley. Full coverage frombasic electronic design toadvanced programming techniques.
Publisher's Price, $14.50
Club Price, $12.35
Modern Transistor Circuits
by J. Carroll. Presents almost 200 modern transistor
circuits
in101
separate
articles.
Publisher's Price. $10.00
Club Price. $8.50
Magnetic Recording Techniques by W. E. Stewart.
Full description of magnetic
recording methods and devices.
Publisher's Price, $9.00
Club Price, $7.65

Wave Generation and Shaping by L. Strauss. Essential
features and techniques ofpractical
wave-generating
and shaping circuits.
Publisher's Price, $12.50
Club Price, 810.65

Your engineering career owes a great deal
to books. Why not take advantage of thisconvenient, economical way to have thebest professional books available when you
need them? THE ELECTRONICS AND CONTROLENGINEERS' BOOK Cuns brings you the essential technical literature in your field. It
also helps you overcome today's high costof building aprofessional library by saving
you an average of 15% from publisher's
prices.
How the Club Operates. You regularly
receive free of charge The Electronics andControl Engineers' Book Bulletin. This
gives complete advance notice of the next
selection-of-the-month, as well as man'alternate selections. If you want the main
selection you do nothing; the book will bemailed to you. If you want an alternate selection—or no book at all—you can notif\
the Club by returning the convenient card
enclosed with each Bulletin.
Saves You Time and Money. You agree
only to the purchase of three books in ayear. Certainly out of the large number ofbooks in your field offered in any twelve
months there are at least three you would
buy anyway. By joining the Club you saveboth money and the trouble of searching.
Send No Money Now. Just check the book
you want as your first selection on the
coupon below. With it you will be sent
Transistor
Circuit
Designfor
only
one dollar. Take advantage of this offer
and receive two books for less than theregular price of one. (If coupon is detached, write to The Electronics and Control Engineers' Book Club, Dept. L-11 -1,
330 W. 42nd St., New York, N. Y. 10036.

CLIP

AND

THIS

BIG,

FOR

BOOK

1700

ONLY
with membership In
The Electronics andControl Engineers'Book Club
TRANSISTOR CIRCUIT DESIGN
Prepared by the Engineering Staffof Texas Instruments Incorporated
Here's a practical reference that can ease
your transistor circuit design work. It brings
you a wealth of data and facts prepared by
the engineering staff of Texas Instruments,
Inc. Reflecting the combined knowledge andexperience of 32 expert circuit design engineers, this book makes conveniently available
the actual design procedures and circuits
most often requested from Texas Intruments.
Transistor Circuit Design is typical of
the selections of THE ELECTRONICS AND CONTROL ENGINEERS' BOOR CiAnt. All books arechosen by qualified editors and consultants.
Their thoroughgoing understanding of thestandards and values of the literature in yourfield guarantees the authoritativeness of theselections.

{

NOTE: If you already own thisvolume, you may substitute anyother hook on this page as your
DOLLAR book. Check two books
below and you will receive thehigher priced selection for only
$1.00.

COUPONneers' Book Club. You will bill me for my first selection indicatedat right at the special club price and El for Transistor Circuit
Design (or alternate choice), plus few cents delivery costs.
(The
Club assumes this charge on prepaid orders.) Forthcoming selections
will be described in advance and Imay decline any book. Ineed
take only 3 selections or altetnates in 12 months of membership.
(This offer good in U. S. only.)
PLEASE PRINT
Name

THIS

NEW

$15.00The Electronics and Control Engineers' Book Club, Dept. L-11-1
330 West 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10036
Please enroll me as a number of The Electronics and Control Engi-

TODAY

Send as my first selection: (Ifmore than one book is checked wewill send the higher priced selection
at your $1.00 book.)
0 Electronic Switching,
Pulse Circuits, $7.21

Timing, andInformation Transmission,tion, and Noise, $10.65

Modula-0 Mathematics for Electronics
Applications, 55.95

with

Digital Computer and Control Engineering, $12.35

AddressO Modern Transistor Circuits, $8.50

City

State

Company

0 Wave Generation and Shaping. $10.65
If not completely satisfied, you may return your first shipment within 10 days
and your membership will be canceled.

NO RISK GUARANTEE:

48

MAIL

ACCEPT

Zip Codo

0 Magnetic Recording Techniques, $7.65

November 1,

1963

electronics

NEW PRODUCTS

Camera Aids Transient Studies
Diagnostic instrument
has 5 nsec to 200 nsec
exposure time
IMAGE
CONVERTER camera
model ID is designed to aid studies
of high-speed luminous transient
events in plasma physics, lasers, exploding wires and hyperballistics. It
provides both streaking and framing
operation through the use of interchangeable plug-in units.
Threeframes per event are obtained at exposure times adjustable from 5 nsec
to 200 nsec, with independently adjustable framing intervals between
5,000 and 20 X 106 exposures per
second. Streak writing rates range
from 1,000 mm/sec to 0.25 mm/
gsec. Both framing and streak operation can be altered through optics.
According to the manufacturer,
the camera has a50-times light gainthat makes possible the study of lowluminosity events at nanosecond
exposure times. This corresponds toan energy transfer efficiency at least
300 times better than a rotatingmirror camera and 1,000 times
better than aKerr-cell unit.
Unit can be either optically or

FOCUSING ELECTRODE

DEFLECTION PLATESACCELERATING ELECTRODE

GATING GRIDREAR LENSPHOTO CATHODEFILMOBJECTIVE
LENS

IMAGE CONVERTER TUBE

electrically triggered and can record
images on either Polaroid or standard cut film. The double-coatedrear lens has maximum transmission
matched to the 4,500 angstrom
spectral response of the phosphor,and provides uniform illumination
anywhere on the image size.
Device's unusual performance ismade possible by converting theluminous image to an electronr

PHOTOANODE

image. Shuttering, focusing, image
deflection and light amplification arethen performed by electronic andpulse techniques applied to electrodes inside the image converter
tube. Interchangeable tubes permit
responses from ultraviolet to infrared. STL Products, Div. of SpaceTechnology Laboratories, Inc., 139
Illinois St., El Segundo, Calif.
CIRCLE 301, READER SERVICE CARD

Receiver Corrects Internal Phase Shift
CONTINUOUS and permanent record of correlation between plant orlaboratory frequency standards andNational Bureau of Standards referenced very-low-frequency transmissions is obtained with model

3
7
IANT.

MATCHING

PREAMPL•LCFILTER

3004 A vlf receiver and phasecomparator. Unit is optionally fixed
tuned to 16, 18, 20 or 60 kc frequency standard transmissions, andprovides no-knob, unattended operation.

AMPL
WITH
AGC

_al CRYSTALFILTERWITHnCALI- IBRATION
TIMER
100 KC _I
INPUT

electronics

SQUARING AMPL

November

1,

1963

FREQUENCY
DIVIDER

I

AMPI-

AGC

—e

ELECTRONIC
TRANSLATIONFILTERIAMPLI-rum
OUTPUT

PHASE_PHASE
COMPARATOROUTPUT

According to company engineers,
the receiver allows improved dependability and lower maintenancecosts by using asolid-state electrcnictranslation filter, rather than amechanical servo for phase tracking.
Moreover, aunique phase-shift calibration system effectively cancels
out internal phase shift. The phasecomparator provides an output
voltage bearing a linear relationshipto the phase difference between asignal derived from the monitored
frequency standard and that fromthe NBS referenced vlf standard.
Model 3004 B will simultaneously
receive any two vif transmissions
from a single antenna with two-fre49

quency tailored response. Price:model 3004 A, $2,500; model 3004
B, $4,000.
Develco, Inc., 440
Pepper St., Palo Alto, Calif.
CIRCLE 302, READER SERVICE CARD

How high isyour gaol?

RFI Analysis System
Meets MIL Specs

Ours are out of sight in
the labyrinth of space.
But your opportunities
are a tangible reality,
here and now at North
American's Space andInformation Systems Division. Trained, creativeengineering minds, attuned to
the research, development andproduction of manned spacecraft, large booster systems, inflatable winged recovery systems
and missile weapon systems willfind fertile fields to grow in at
S&ID.
ADVANCED INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMSThis group is engaged in developing advanced intelligencesystems concepts, in evolving
techniques applicable to advanced design, and performing
analytical studies to ascertain
preliminary configuration ofthese systems.
Several creative research andengineering positions, as wellas high level supervisory positions, are available in the following areas:
DATA COLLECTION SYSTEMS
Sensor and multi-sensor systems, both conventional (photo,infrared, radar, electronic
devices, T.V. etc.) and nonconventional (seismic devices).
SYSTEMS SYNTHESIS
Evolving complete systems concepts, from data collection todata transfer and display. Emphasis on data collection foraerospace and ground operations (mobile and fixed).
If you have experience in systems synthesis, reconnaissanceintelligence, sensor systems, orindicator analysis and have atechnical degree (preferably
advanced) please contact:
Mr. P. L. MALLOT
DEPARTMENT 020
ENGINEERING ANDSCIENTIFIC EMPLOYMENT
12214 LAKEWOOD BLVD.
DOWNEY, CALIFORNIA
All qualified applicants will receive
consideration for employment without
regard to race, creed, color, or national
origin.

SPACE AND INFORMATIONSYSTEMS DIVISIONNORTH AMERICAN AVIATION

50

AUA

CONSOLEfor specializedmeasurement and analysis of conducted and radiated r-f interferenceis available. Primary function of thesystem is to provide a means of displaying and measuring repetitiver-f interference in the presence of
non-coincident, synchronous and/or
random rfi signals. The detectedsignals may be displayed on a dualbeam oscilloscope with a long-persistence crt. One beam is intensity
modulated to display the raster
presentation, the second beam displays a monitor signal from thesuspected source. The interfering
source is then identified when acorrelation is noted between these
displays. Among system equipments
are r-f preamps covering from 0.150
to 1,000 Mc, and a wideband amplifier which spans 1.5 kc to 1.6 Mc.
Electro International, Inc., Box391, Annapolis, Md. (303)HOW TOUSE
YOURELECTRONICS
BUYERS'GUIDE
Advertising
Product

SYSTEM

Sections
Advertisements in the ELECTRONICS BUYERS' GUIDE aregrouped together according to
the kind of product advertised. All Power Supply advertisements, for example, will
be found in the same sectionof the book. Thus it is madeconvenient for you to "shop"
through the specifications presented to you by advertisers,
without having to flip pages
back

and

forth

constantly.

Keep your ELECTRONICS BUYERS' GUIDE close to your work
area at all times.

Tape Punch Set
Features Data Storage
perforated tape punch
set, designed to accept output information from a digital voltmeteror electronic counter and convert itto a permanent, computer-compatHIGH-SPEED

November

1,

1963

electronics

ible record is available. The DY2545 automatically punches at a110 character per sec rate, normallyin IBM 8-level code. Data storage
during punching permits fast data
sampling when used in data acquisition systems with scanners. Simultaneous printer readout is optionallyavailable. Ease of operation andmaintenance are highlighted in thetape punch set. The DY-2545, including BRPEll punch, is priced at$3,900.
Dymec, a division of
Hewlett-Packard Co., 395 Page Mill
Road, Palo Alto, Calif. (304)

VERSATILITY IN
LIGHT

Pee

MEASUREMENT

IC=

measures:
MONOCHROMATIC SPECTRUM

MEASUREMENTGALLIUM
ARSENIDE

Yes

Yes

Yes

AveragePower (watts)

Yrs

Yrs

•

Energy (joules)

Yes

Yes

•

WAVESHAPE
Rise time
Fall Time
DeratIon
Amplitude

C-W Gas Laser Has

ANGSTROMS

"2

§

CT,

Er

§
c0

8
o
.

Z
MICRONS

RANGE

"'

F,'
o

.c,

o35P
4,000

RESPONSE

I.13P

—

à

o

o

M
D
Z

5.o

04

NOW AVAILABLE

7.000

is model 720 c-w
gas laser, which provides acoherent
source of c-w power at 0.6328
micron. The light beam is emitted
from both ends of a 30-in, quartz
discharge tube, and is continuously
variable up to 3.5 mw. Simple substitution of the Brewster angle quartz
confocal mirrors make it possible tooperate the unit at 1.5 micron and3.39 microns. Audio modulation of
the beam is provided through thepower unit for communication experiments. A simple microphone input can be used to amplitude modulate the laser beam; which, when
detected by an optical detector, suchas the model 361, can be used totransmit speech or music. Maser
Optics, Inc., 89 Brighton Ave., Boston 34, Mass. (305)Compact (10" high)and lightweight, the
EG&G LITE-MIKE has
built-in controls forsensitivity and balancing of ambient light.
Head is swivel-mounted for ease of alignment with source.

*Can be calculated within spectral response capabilities.

0.7

Variable Light Beam

Gib

CHROMATICSPECTRUM

LASER

dSD-100 SILICON
PHOTODIODE offers thisunique combination of advantages(1)

PAST RESPONSE / Rise time: 4 x 10 -9 se
Fall time: 15 x 10 -9 se(2) WIDE SPECTRUM

90v
@ 90v

0.35 to 1.13 microns (f0% points)(3) HIGH SENSITIVITY 0.25 microamps per microwatt

D-C Amplifier Offers(4) LOW NOISE 1 x 10 -12 watts • (cps) -1
2/

High Gain Linearity(5) WIDE DYNAMIC RANGE 0.1 amp to approx. 10 -8

MODEL AMS-47 d-c amplifier uses
a 10-kc drive frequency in the
chopper circuit to produce a fast
signal output rise time and a3,000cps bandwidth. Complete isolation
between input and output is provided. Sufficient feedback is usedin the carrier amplifier to insure ahigh degree of gain linearity. Airpax Electronics Inc., Fort Lauderdale, Fla. (306)electronics

November

1,

1963

Applications: receiving equipment for lasers
and injection laser systems; measurements on
modulator and pulsed light sources; measurements of light intensity and wave for s, detection of color changes.
For full information on LITE -MIKES- and SD100 photodiodes, contact: Marketing Dept.,
EG&G, 176 Brookline Ave., Boston 15, Mass.
EDGERTON, GERIVIESHAUSEN 8t GRIER
1007

BOSTON•LAS VEGAS•CIRCLESANTA BARBARA

51

ON

READER SERVICE CARD

51

ARNOLD:WIDEST SELECTION OF
MO-PERMALLOY POWDER CORESFOR YOUR REQUIREMENTS

LITERATURE OF

CORE TESTER Computer Test
Corp., Route 384 Longwood Ave.,
Cherry Hill, N. J. Technical bulletin
describes a bench-top magnetic coretester with 8-step current pulse programming.

MAGNETICCIRCLE

360, READER SERVICE CARD

Spectran Electronics Corp., 146
Main St., Maynard, Mass., offers atechnical bulletin and catalog sheetson baluns for low frequency instrumentation. (361)

BALUNS

Cook ElectricCo., Data-stor Division, 8100 Monticello Ave., Skokie, Ill. Brochure DSDSR-20 contains specifications and operating characteristics of model 54 perforated tape reader. (362)

PERFORATED TAPE READERGLOW LAMP APPLICATION

Signalite,

Neptune, N. J., is offering a periodic
12-page application newsletter devoted
to better circuit design through theuse of neon glow lamps. (363)
SHIELDS
Cinch Mfg. Co., 1026
South Homan Ave., Chicago, Ill.
60624. Catalog CM-37 is devoted toa line of military type heat dissipatingtube shields. (364)

TUBE

Reliance Electric and Engineering Co., 24701 Euclid Ave.,
Cleveland 17, 0., has released bulletin H-9003 explaining the operationof aportable tester for solid state electronic panels. (365)

PANEL TESTERFor greater design flexibility, Arnold
leads the way in offering you afull
range of Molybdenum Permalloy
powder cores ...25 different sizes,
from the smallest to the largest on themarket, from 0.260" to 5.218" OD.
Standard permeabilities are 14, 26, 60
and 125 Mu, and the high permeability range includes cores of 147, 173
and 205 Mu.
In addition to pioneering the development of the cheerio-size cores,
Arnold is the exclusive producer ofthe largest 125 Mu core commerciallyavailable. A huge 2000-ton press isrequired for its manufacture, and insures its uniform physical and magnetic properties. This big core is alsoavailable in 14, 26 and 60 Mu.
High-permeability cores up to 205
Mu are now available in most sizes.
These cores are specifically designed
for low-frequency applications where

the use of 125 Mu cores does not result in sufficient Q or inductance per
turn. They are primarily intended for
applications at frequencies below
2000 cps.
Most sizes of Arnold M-PP corescan be furnished with a controlledtemperature coefficient of inductancein the range of 30 to 130° F. Many
can be supplied temperature stabilized
over thc MIL-T-27 wide-range specification of — 55 to +85°C. .anotherspecial Arnold feature.
Graded cores are available upon
special request. All popular sizes ofArnold M-PP cores are produced toastandard inductance tolerance of +or
8%, and many of these sizes areavailable for immediate delivery fromstrategically located warehouses.
Let us supply your requirements for
Mo-Permalloy powder cores (Bulletin
PC-104C) and other Arnold products.

ADDRESS DEPT. E-11

ARNOLD

BRANCH OFFICES and REPRESENTATIVES in PRINCIPAL CITIES52

CIRCLE 52 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Rome Cable Division of Alcoa,
669 Alcoa Building, Pittsburgh 19,
Pa. Military and electronic design
engineers will benefit from anew manual, "Instrumentation Cables, Cable
Assemblies and Hook-up Wires". (367)

CABLES

ENCODER/READOUTSYSTEMS

Vern istat

Division, Perkin-Elmer Corp., Main
Ave., Norwalk, Conn. Brochure 5E4covers a complete line of one brush
dieital encoder and readout equipmentused for monitoring and control. (368)
SENSOR
Atlantic Instruments& Electronics, Inc.. 103 N. Beacon
St., Boston 34, Mass. Bulletin 100
explains the operation and applicationsof the Hveristor electronic moisturesensor. (369)

MOISTURE

POWER
MODULESDel tronInc., Fourth and Cambria Sts., Philadelphia 33, Pa. Bulletin describes the
PI series of highly remilated, modular
plug-in transistor power supplies. (370)

TRANSISTORSPECIALISTS in MAGNETIC MATERIALSTHE ARNOLD ENGINEERING COMPANY, Main Office: MARENGO, ILL.

General Electric Co., 100
Plastics Ave., Pittsfield, Mass. A 20page illustrated brochure (GED-4923)
describes GE's antenna design, development and manufacturing capabilities
and facilities. (366)

ANTENNAS

1387R10

November 1,

1963 electronics

THE WEEKCOUNTERS Anadex Instruments Inc., 7617 Hayvenhurst
Van Nuys, Calif., announces avai,
ability of a six-page solid-state count.. icatalog. (371)

SOLID-STATECATALOG PRD Electronics,
Inc., 202 Tillary St., Brooklyn 1, N.Y.
Short form catalog features a completeline of microwave and electronic test
equipment. Request on company letterhead.

MICROWAVE

TRANSPORT S-I
Electronics, Inc.,
103 Park Ave., Nutley 10, N.J. Model
DX-01 rapid start-stop tape transport,
for reading pre-recorded tapes in airborne and all vehicular applications, isdescribed in a specification sheet. (373)

TAPE

CIRCUITS
Signetics Corp.,
680 West Maude Ave., Sunnyvale,
Calif., has published an 8-page condensed catalog devoted to integrated
circuits. (374)

INTEGRATEDCOMPONENTS Radar Design
Corp., Pickard Drive, Syracuse 11,
N.Y. New catalog describes microwave
test components available for off-theshelf delivery. (375)

THE

EXTRA

MEASURE OF JULIEISPRECISIONMICROWAVEJOINTS Alpha Metals, Inc., 56
Water St., Jersey City 4, N.J. An illustrated technical bulletin on inspection and quality control of solder
joints is available. (376)

SOLDER

Litton Industries, Electron
Tube Division, San Carlos, Calif., hasavailable new and revised color-coded
data sheets for insertion in the Litton
Data/Log file. (377)

DATA/LOG

Create a new philosophy of DC measurement. Make it accurate,
stable, reliable, simple ... and guarantee it. Develop a systemthat does this ... and call it RATIOMETRY. Then build the component hardware necessary to make it work with one part per
million accuracy. That's the extra measure of Julie ... precision.
The Julie RATIOMETRIC" System of Calibration promises 1 ppm
accuracy and delivers it. Perhaps its old-fashioned thinking, but
equipment should perform to specifications without excuses,
double-talk or cumulative error. Check Julie specs ... examine
them carefully. Just write or call collect for details of the systemand how to institute your own DC primary standards laboratory.

RECTIFIERS Allis-Chalmers, Milwaukee, Wisc. 53201. Design and construction features of single-package
general-purpose silicon rectifiers aredescribed in bulletin 12C1635. (378)

SILICON

RECORDING SYSTEM ACCESSORIES Brush In-

struments, division of Clevite Corp.,
37th and Perkins, Cleveland, 0., 44114.
Catalog sheet 1750 describes the lineof accessories and supplies for a seriesof recording systems. (379)
SUPPLIES SBD Systems, Inc., 90
Rome St., Farmingdale, N.Y. Brochuredescribes design and manufacturing
capabilities for custom MIL spec
power supplies. (380)POWER

FILTERSRF Interonics,
Inc., 15 Neil Court, Oceanside, N.Y.,
has released bulletin 3609 on the
RF1100 series of high insertion loss,
reduced size, cylindrical interference
filters. (381)

INTERFERENCE

VOLTMETER/AMPLIFIER:
B&K Instruments, Inc., 3044 West 106th St.,
Cleveland 11, O., announces an 8page specification sheet on the models
2603 and 2604 rms voltmeter/amplifiers. (382)RMS

SUBMINIATURE

CONNECTOR&Blear()Corp., 139 Hoyt St., Mamaroneck,
N.Y. A subminiature connector with alow-pass filter installed in one end of
the connector body is described in data
sheet CX-1. (383)electronics

November 1, 1963

Julie portable
DC primary standards
laboratory: PRB-205
Primary ResistanceBridge, PVP-1000 Primary
Voltage Potentiometer, ND-106
Null Detector, VDR-106 10 6
Voltage Divider.

JULIE RESEARCHLABORATORIES,INCORPORATED

211 West 61st Street, New York, N.Y. 10023, 212-CI-5-2727

Julie Research Laboratories, Inc., 1963

CIRCLE 53 ON READER SERVICE CARD

53

PEOPLE AND PLANTS

NCC Expanding Plant
NATIONAL CONNECTOR Corporation will almost
triple its manufacturing facilities by January 1, 1964,
announced Leonard E. Lindquist, president.
First step in this expansion plan is an addition to thepresent plant (shown by dotted line at left in sketch),
to increase floor space from 20,000 to 55,000 squarefeet. Part of the addition is now being occupied andthe entire new plant will be in full production by
January 1.

Garner Moves Up at
Stromberg-Carlson
JOHN E. GARNER has been appointed
director of government marketingfor Stromberg-Carlson, Rochester,N.Y., a division of General Dynamics. In his new post he will report directly to John H. Voss, president.
Associated with Stromberg-Carlson since 1953, Garner most recently has been director of special
military projects and in charge ofthis division's program to engineer,
manufacture and install communication systems for all Titan missile
bases. He also has been director ofmilitary marketing for the westernarea of the U.S. for the past year.

Dwight H. Chambers, operations vice president,
stated that the total plant with additional machineryinstalled will be a $1.25-million facility. Increased
manufacturing capability will allow a much higher
percentage of "in house" processing than previously.
National Connector will have the latest automatic
processing and inspection equipment available, says
Chambers. A new environmental testing laboratory
will also be installed.
National Connector is situated on 91/ acres of the2
Science Industry Center in suburban Minneapolis
which will allow expansion to 120,000 square feet at
this site. The company now employs 250 people.
When National Connector entered the connector
manufacturing field three and ahalf years ago it ranked
187th in a list of 187 competitive firms. Today,
according to sales vice president F. Lewis Cahill, it
ranks in the top 10 for printed-circuit connector sales.
In the first five months of 1963, National shipped
connectors to 50 different companies. While most of
this business is from computer manufacturers, thenation's aerospace programs are closely involved.
National's connectors are used in the Gemini, Polaris,
Minuteman, Apollo, and Nike-Zeus projects and inmany other space applications.

technical support to the Computation Division of NASA's MarshallSpace Flight Center. Albert served
as its manager of scientific computation prior to his new appointment.

P. R. Mallory & Co. Inc. said, "Overthe years we have spent many millions of dollars in support of Rubeninspired devices. Ruben has helped
us pioneer new avenues of technicalachievement. And Ihope that we, inturn, have helped him bring his
visionary genius into focus with today's technological needs."
At the dedication, Philip R. Mallory, founder of the corporation,
also announced the establishment by
the P. R. Mallory Foundation of
the Samuel Ruben Fellowship, a$1,000 annual grant at Columbia
University for graduate study inchemical engineering over the nextten years. P. R. Mallory & Co. Inc.
is an Indianapolis-based concern.

Mallory Battery
Honors Ruben

GE HuntsvillePromotes Albert
JOSEPH ALBERT has been named
manager of technologies for the
Huntsville Operation of the General
Electric Computer Department.
The GE Huntsville operation provides programming, operational and54

TARRYTOWN, N.Y.—Mallory Battery

Company's new headquarters andengineering laboratories have beenformally opened here and dedicatedto Samuel Ruben. Ruben is the inventor of the mercury battery andother energy systems, the dry electrolytic capacitor, and hundreds ofsemiconductor devices.
G. Barron Mallory, president of

McGarry Rejoins
ITT System
APPOINTMENT of James H. McGarry as vice president, manufac-

turing, for ITT Federal Laboratories, Nutley, N.J., is announced.
McGarry joins the ITT Systemfrom the Daven division of General
Mills where he held the post ofNovember 1,

1963

electronics

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State

1963

55

Meier..:MWM

ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERS

general manager. Prior to joining
General Mills in 1960, he held executive positions with ITT companies since 1953 both at Clifton,
N.J., and Fort Wayne, Ind.

Melpar's Engineering Division has immediate needfor engineers in the areas
noted below. These openings include positions ofmajor responsibility for
Senior Engineers as well as
unusual opportunities foradvancement for recent
graduates.

Mica Corporation
Elevates Goldman
Richard Goldman
as vice president of manufacturing at
The Mica Corporation, Culver City,
Calif., is announced. He moves up
from the post of operations manager.
APPOINTMENT of

MICROWAVERECEIVER DESIGN
Specific problems include
parametric amplifiers, varactor techniques, microwave filters, ultrastable programmable oscillators anddual and triple channel balanced receivers for monopulse and guard antenna
gating.

SYSTEMS DESIGNFor the logic design ofdigital equipment, specifying necessary digital/analog
interface equipment, theanalysis of real-time flight
simulation systems andthe design of analog computer systems for flight
simulators.

General Precision
Appoints Kelly
L. Kelly aspresident of the Simulation and Control Group of General Precision,Inc., Binghamton, N.Y., is announced. As of November 1 hesucceeds W. W. Wood, Jr. who has
resigned to become president of Applied Dynamics, Inc.
Kelly will continue as president of
the Link division of the Simulation
and Control Group.
APPOINTMENT of Lloyd

ANTENNA DESIGN
Working with modern techniques of achieving narrow
beam, low side-lobe, d/f
antennas in the microwave
region. Must have a strong
theoretical background.

PROGRAMMING
To write and debug programs for fixed-point realtime computers to be usedwith special purpose digital
and analog equipment for
the real time simulation of
aircraft.
For further details,
write in strictest confidence foJohn A. Haverfield
Manager, Professional Placement

MELPAR yINC.
(A Subsidiary of Westinghouse
Air Brake Company)
3428 Arlington Boulevard
Falls Church, Virginia(a suburb of Washington, D. C.
an equal opportunity employer

56

Hallicrafters
Promotes Threehas been
appointed general manager of the
Pacific division of The Hallicrafters
Co., Chicago electronics firm. He
was previously contracts manager ofthe company's aerospace division,
based in Chicago.
Robert F. Halligan, president,
also announced the promotions of
Emory G. Johnson to special products manager and Jack M. Hollander
to data systems manager as part ofa divisional reorganization program
under way at the Santa Ana, Calif.,
facility for the past two months.
WILLIAM F. TEICHMILLER

Houston FearlessNames Ryan

Bassett Assigned to
New Avco Postof Ormon E. (Sam)Bassett to the position of generalmanager of engineering for Avco
Corporation's Electronics division
was announced at the division's
headquarters in Cincinnati, Ohio.
He replaces H. L. Flowers, who has
resigned.
Bassett was formerly director ofInformation and Control Systems at
Avco's Research and Advanced Development division in Wilmington,
Mass.
APPOINTMENT

F. C. MEHNER, president of Houston
Fearless Corp., has announced theappointment of Frank A. Ryan asdirector of operations at the corporation's West Los Angeles plant.
Ryan will be responsible for the
manufacturing processes and methods in the production of a line offilm processing equipment as wellas major lines of related photographic information storage, retrieval and evaluation equipment.
Before taking this post, Ryan waswith the Atlas Corp. as vice president of its Western Sky Industries
subsidiary and director of marketingof its Titeflex Santa Monica division.
November 1,

1963 electronics

Informatics Hires
Two Directors
WALTER F. BAUER, president of Informatics Inc., Culver City, Calif.,
has announced the appointment of
Lynn W. Jones II as director ofoperations and Roy V. Bigelow as
director of the company's Houston
operations.
Jones was formerly with Thompson Ramo-Wooldridge and SpaceTechnology Labs, Inc.
Bigelow had previously been with
Aerospace Corp. and IBM.

PEOPLE IN BRIEF
Peter Bercoe, former president of
Alpha Wire Corp., named board
chairman of Precision Circuits, Inc.
Arthur A. F. Aschauer leaves Royal
McBee Corp. to join Univac as exec
asst. to the senior v-p, marketing.
Paul Schiffres, previously with
Bogart Mfg. Corp., appointed asenior microwave staff engineer of
Paradynamics, Inc. Nick Milakovich
promoted to director of mfg. at
Lockheed Missiles & Space Co.
W. Benton Harrison, from Ryder
Industries, Inc. to Harris-Intertype
Corp. as v-p, corporate development. Torwico Electronics, Inc., ups
Robert M. Savino to chief electricalengineer.
Gregory L. Laserson
advances to director of research at
AMF's R&D div.
Michael F.
Maguire and Thomas P. Fahy raised
to asst. directors of engineering for
the Electro-Optical div., PerkinElmer Corp. Arthur F. Pelster, exAladdin Electronics, and Richard
F. Gregori, formerly with CornellDubilier, named g-m and mgr. ofengineering, respectively, of International Electronic Industries div.
of Standard Pressed Steel Co.
William J. L. Boreas, previously
withUnderwriters'
Laboratories
Inc., now lab mgr. for The Thomas& Betts Co. William K. Kindle
advances to new product program
mgr. for Electronic Associates, Inc.
Robert A. Lapetina transfers from
Edo (Canada) Ltd. to take post ofpresident of Electro-Ceramics, Inc.,
another subsidiary of Edo Corp.
Joseph W. Halina elevated to deputy
to the v-p of engineering for ITT
Communication Systems, Inc.
electronics November 1, 1963

CIRCLE 57 ON READER SC:21/fCE

THE

electronics Buyers' Guide sectionalizes its advertising pages by basic product categories as a "quick
locater" aid to 63,000 users. Helpful? 96%* of them
say so. Better budget space for the next electronics
Buyers' Guide /aMcGraw-Hill publication.
*Survey of August, 196357

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESThe Advertisements in this section include all employment opportunities—executive, management, technical, selling, office, skilled, manual. etc.
Look in theforward section of the magazine for additional Employment Opportunities
advertising.

NATIONAL
COVERAGE

Positions Vacant
Positions WantedPart Time Work

Civil service Opportunities
Selling Opportunities Wanted
Selling Opportunities Offered---RATES---DISPLAYED

Employment Agencies
Employment Services
Labor Bureaus
UNDISPLAYEDThe advertising rate is 540.17 per inch for all adverUsing appearing in other than a contract basis.
Contract rates quoted on request.

52.70 per line, minimum 3 Unes. To figure advancepayment count 5 average words as a lino.
Cox Naunbers—counts as 1line.

An advertising inch is measured %" vertically on acolumn-11 columns-311 inches to a page.

Diseount of 10% if full payment is made in advancefor 4 consecutive insertions.

subject to Age! WY Conool,ion.

Not subject to Agenet Commission.

Send NEW ADS to CLASSIFIED ADV. DIV. of ELECTRONICS. P.O. Box 12, N. Y., N. Y.

10036

COMMERCIALELECTRONICCIRCUIT DESIGNERSOPPORTUNITIESELECTRONIC ENGINEERS

FOR

Bausch & Lomb

MANUFACTURING

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EXPERIENCED

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NEERS IN R & D AND PRODUCT DESIGNSECTIONS.
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Medical,Analytical,

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measuring,(Bio-recording

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Mechanical-Electrical Op-

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Ability toindesignable

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electronic

responsibility from concept to sale-product,

MSEE)

take

Engineering

required,

Positions entail

Degreeexperience

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or

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circuit design

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OpticalEngineers,

vision of detail draftsmen
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specialcustomer designs.
Those who canqualify andinresponsibility are invited toreal design

sendresumewithsalaryare interested

requirements

ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS

toE. P. Faro, Professional Employment, Bauschand Lomb, Inc., 17 Bausch Street, Rochester,
New York.

BY THE THOUSANDS
PAY to read electronics every

week because its high calibre
editorial content is designed
and edited for engineers ...
That's why your

PACKAGING ENGINEERRECRUITMENT
ADVERTISING

To design component layout, printed circuit art work and mounting hardware.
Must have a knowledge of high volume,
low cost assembly techniques.

in electronics can pinpoint a

To design the logic, memory, read-write
amplifiers, power supply and related automatic test and check-out equipment for a
new advanced computer system.

ELECTRONIC

testing,co-ordination of customer requirements with
MechanicalTo establish and implement most economic
methods for volume manufacturing of newcomputer system. Should know economics,
associated with various assembly techniques including the application of automaticcomponent
handling
equipment
coupled with experience in minimizing
costs connected with electronic assembly
work.

QUALIFIEDENGINEERS

ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN
Please send resume(in complete confidence) to:
J. LEWIS, PERSONNEL MANAGERDATA PROCESSING SYSTEMSDIVISIONSCM CORPORATION

most concentrated source ofexperienced engineers, electronics selective circulation isyourinexpensive,

efficient,most direct link to these qualified, specialized men!

6701 San Pablo Ave, Oakland 8, Calif.

AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER

for FEE-PAID Positions
WRITE US FIRST!
Use our confidential application
for professional, individualized
service . . . a complete national
technical employment agency.

ATOMIC PERSONNEL, INC.
Suite 1202L, 1518 Walnut St., Phila. 2, Pa.

SEARCHLIGHTSECTION"Put Yourself in the Other
Fellow's Place"
TO EMPLOYERSTO

EMPLOYEES

Letters written offering Employment orapplying for same are written with thehope of satisfying a current need.
Ananswer, regardless ofwhether it isfavorable or not, is usually expected.
MR. EMPLOYER, won't you remove
the mystery about the status of an employee's application by acknowledging
all applicants and not just the promising candidates.

(Classified Advertising)
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIESEQUIPMENT -USED or RESALE

X Band Radar Front End Dual dbl. bed.
Mixer Varian clyst. mt. RCA MA-7 $125
RADAR AUTO-TRACK /I TELEMETRY ANTENNA PEDESTALS
3 & 10 cu. SCR 584 AUTOTRACK RADARS. M.33 RADARTPRID SEARCH. APS-45 TPS-100 HT. FINDERS. WX RADARS.
FPN.32GCA. APS-10 APS-I5B APS.27 (ANTI) SEARCH. • •APN-102 DOPPLER. DOZENS MORE. CARCINOTRONS. PFPFS.
.25,5.1-2-3-6 MEGAWATT PULSE MODULATORS, CAVITIES.
PULSE TRANSFORMERS. IF STRIPS. INAVEGUIDE BENDS
200 MC. IKMC, 3 KMC. 6 KMC. 9 KIIAC. 24 ITIAC. RF PKGS.

RADIO RESEARCH INSTRUMENT CO.
550 5TH AVE., NEW YORK 36, N.Y.

An Equal Opportunity Employer

JU 64691

MR. EMPLOYEE you, too, can help byacknowledging applications and job offers. This would encourage more companies to answer position wanted ads inthis section. We make this suggestion
in a spirit of helpful cooperation between employers and employees.
This section will be the more useful toall as a result of this consideration.

YOUR All GETS RESULTS
NOT WASTE CIRCULATION.
* If your recruitment program calls for qualified
technical

personnel,

plan to use electronics
EMPLOYMENTOPPOR-TUNITIES now!

electronics

Classified Advertising Division

A MeGRAW-HILL PUBLICATION

McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Inc.

CCASSIFIED ADVERTISING DIVISION

330 West 42nd St., New York, N. Y. 10036

POST-OFFICE BOX 12FIBI)NEW YORK 36. NEW YORKCIRCLE 950 ON READER SERVICE CARD

58

November 1, 1963 electronics

If you're on this list,
there's a place for you at JPL now.
El RELIABILITY AND QAEngineering Specialist—BS plus 10 years
experience. Coordinate reliability technical effort with technical divisions. Represent Parts Reliability Staff Office atappropriate Design Reviews including
assistance in preparation of Review
materials. Perform surveillance andmonitoring function on Lab Piece Part
Reliability activities. Perform liaison,training and consultation to all parts
reliability efforts at JPL.
Staff Engineer—BS in Engineering or
Physics mandatory. Basic grounding inengineering design and test at theworking and supervisory level. Quality
Control engineering and supervisory experience in weapon systems or major
electronic assemblies.
El SYSTEMS
Senior Research Engineer—MS with 3
years experience. Analytical studies ofcomplex lunar spacecraft missions frompoint of view of relating the celestialmechanics problems to the expected"value" obtained by alternate actions.
Development of analytical techniques tohandle such problems.
Research Engineer—MS with at least 2
years in research or engineering problems related to space flight. Define andanalyze mathematical models of guidance for lunar spacecraft with particularemphasis on control theory and statistical estimation. Study of the interacting
problems of orbit determination andtrajectory correction to develop optimal
techniques for specific objectives.
Senior Engineer—BS plus 5 years experience required. Will have the system
responsibility of integrating the various
scientific experiments (e. g. radiometer,
plasma detectors, magnetometer, etc.)with the remaining subsystems on thespacecraft. Specific duties include:
1) Accept inputs and schedule necessary
test time for his area of responsibility.
2) Write procedures covering the interfaces between his area and the remainder of the spacecraft. 3) Evaluate
and write related reports from test data.
Research Engineer—MS plus 2 years experience. To develop mathematical models of complex man-machine system
operations leading to computer simulation and empirical evaluation of system
performance.

D SPACE SCIENCES
Senior Research Specialist—BS with MS
desirable. Advanced courses in geometrical and physical optics, with 15 or more
years experience. Responsible for detailed technical monitoring and progresson all the optical instrumentation elements related to the specific space program connected with the television
spacecraft systems. To review in technical detail, the approach and performelectronics

November 1, 1963

ance of the vertical contractors and subcontractors to assure conformance withspecifications and mission success.
Senior Scientist—PhD with emphasis inspace-oriented subjects. Three or more
years experience. Must have conceived,
designed and carried out some original
research in experimental physics.
Design Engineer—BS plus 5 years minimum design experience in instrument or
small mechanism design or equivalent.
Design of physical science experiments
and instruments and breadboard modelsof flight scientific instruments.
[1] TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Senior Research Engineer—MS plus 5
years experience in RF systems and/or
circuitry. Development work in RF subsystems. Work concerned with wide bandRF frequency multipliers and with frequency synthesizers characterized by low
phase jitter and high spectral purity.
Operations Project Engineer—BS plus 8
to 10 years experience. Experience inoperation of tracking station and networks, also with the technical systems
and subsystems in tracking stations.
Involves planning and scheduling of
tracking operations. Will act as liaison
between the DSIF and other JPL organizations in establishing the equipment
and procedures to meet requirements.
Senior Research Engineer—BS with MS
desirable. Two to 4 years experience indesign and analysis of microwave
antennas and microwave components desirable. General familiarity with antenna
measurement techniques. Design andanalysis of feed systems and wave guidecomponents for large ground antennas.
Research Engineer—MS plus 2 years experience in communication, telemetry orradar system design and analysis. Analyze and solve telecommunication systemproblems in direct support of design,development anci use of spacecraft telecommunications syeems.
Senior Development Engineer— BSEE
necessary and MSEE preferred. Five to
10 years experience in microwave systemdevelopment. Radio communications
techniques; UHF and microwave systems
development of receiving and transmitting ground equipment.

LI GUIDANCE AND CONTROL
Research Engineer—BSEE or MSEE withbackground in probability and statistics
desirable. Develop advanced, reliable
automatic test equipment for use withspace vehicle guidance and control systems in laboratory, system and field
checkout operations. Includes determination of functional requirements, designof circuits and logic, breadboarding,supervise prototype fabrication and participation as flight/GSE cognizant engineer in testing operations at JPL andCape Canaveral.

D ENGINEERING MECHANICS
Senior Engineers (Structures) — Requiring active participation in the structuraldesign and development of spacecraft;working familiarity with problems ranging from "nuts and bolts" to matrix
methods of structural analysis; sufficientinterest in academic pursuits to promotestate-of-art advancements. Requires MS
with 7-10 years experience in project
support of aircraft, missile or spacecraft
programs.
Structural Dynamics Engineers—Responsible for initiation and performance ofmodel vibration analysis, dynamic loads
analysis and testing in support of spacecraft design and development. Must haveworking familiarity with launch vehicle
dynamics, including aeroservoclastic
coupling. MS with 7-10 years experience
applicable to position requirements.
ENVIRONMENTAL
Senior Research Engineer—BS with somecourse work in heat transfer. MS desirable with 5-10 years direct experience intesting. Environmental testing experience is preferred but other types of testing are acceptable such as wind tunnel
or flight testing.
Senior Research Engineer—BS with MS
preferred. Five to 10 years direct experience in hardware testing. Environmental
testing experience preferred particularlyin the acoustic, vibration and shockareas. Other types of testing such as
flight testing, flutter and vibration may
be considered.
Senior Design Engineer — BS required,
MS preferred. Six to 8 years minimum
experience of a broad nature, analysis
and project areas. Prefer some experience outside aircraft industry. Perform
technical and economic feasibility
studies of advanced facilities in vacuum
technology, cryogenics, electricity, magnetism, optical and thermal systems,
structures, aerothermodynamics, etc.

El PROPULSION
Advanced Propulsion Engineers—For analysis, evaluation and development of
power conditioning systems for advanced
electrically propelled spacecraft. BS or
MS in EE or Physics with 4 years experience in aircraft or missile electric power
generation and distribution system design and test. Some servomechanism experience also desirable.
Send complete resume to:

JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
4814 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California
Attention: Personnel Department 11
An equal opportunity employer."
Jet Propulsion Laboratory is operated by the
California Institute of Technology for the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

59

INDEXTO

ADVERTISERS• AMP Incorporated

9Japan Piezo Electric Co., Ltd.

38

Allen-Bradley Co.

3

Julie Research Laboratories,
Inc.

53

Allied Electronics
Sub. of Allied Radio Corp.
Arnold Engineering Co., The

. 47
..

52

• Vitramon, Inc.
• Kepco, Inc.

Corp.,

Sigmund

15

44

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING
F. J. Eberle, Business Mgr. (2557)

57• Lambda Electronics Corp.

22

duPont de Nemours & Co., Inc
E. I.

Edgerton, Germeshausen &Grier Inc.

16

Mallory andInc., P. R....

21

McGraw-Hill Book Co.

48

Melpar Inc

56
37• Moseley Co., F. D.
51

Electronic Specialty Co.

4Radio Corporation of America
4th cover• Federation Nationale desIndustries Electroniques ....

EMPLOYMENTOPPORTUNITIES 58-59

EQUIPMENT42

Delco Radio

7

41

Krohn-Hite Corp.
• Clifton Precision Products Ccr.,
Inc.
• CohnTexas Instruments Incorporated
Industrial Products Group.. . 39

Rese Engineering Inc.

(Used or Surplus New)For Sale58

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISERS INDEX
Atomic Personnel Inc

58

Bausch and Lomb Inc

58

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

59• Radio Research Instrument Co.

58

SCM Corp.
Data Processing Systems Div.

58

8

45
• See advertisement in the July 25, 1963 issue• Globe Ind.

47

Heinemann Electric Co.

13• Hewlett-Packard Company 2nd coverelectronics
ABC
Audit Bureau
of Circulation

Associated BusinessPub] ications

AUDITED PAID CIRCULATIONJAMES T. HAUPTLI (2210)

Advertising Sales Manager

HENRY M. SHAW (3485)
Market Research Manager

electronics Buyers' Guide
R. S. QUINT (2335)

General Manager

RICHARD J. TOMLINSON (3191)

Business Manager

THEODORE R. GEIPEL (2044)
Production Manager
NEW YORK TELEPHONE: Dial Direct:

971 plus number in parenthesis,
Area Code 21260• Sigma Instruments, Inc.

12

Space and Information Systems
Div. of North American
Aviation
Sperry Electronic Tube
Div. Sperry Rand Corp.

50

of electronics Buyers' Guide for complete line ofproducts

orservices.

This Index and our Reader Service Numbers are published as a service.

3rd coverSprague Electric Co.

6

Every precaution is taken to makethem accurate, but electronics assumes no responsibilities tor errors or omissions.

ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVESATLANTA, GA. 30009
Michael H. Miller, Robert C. Johnson
1375 Peachtree St. N.E.,
Trinity 5-0523(area code 404)

1.0S ANGELES. CALIF. 90017
Ashley P. Hartman, John G. Zisch,1125 W. 6th St., Huntley 2-5450(area code 213)

BOSTON, MASS. 021;. 6
William S. Hol:,'«inson
McGraw- 1,.1 Bu ding, Copley Square,
Congress 2-1160 (area code 617)

NEW YORK. N. Y. 10036
Donald H. Miller (212) 971 3615
Georoe F. Werner (212) 971 3617
Donald R. Furth (212) 971 3616
500 Fifth Avenue

CHICAGO, ILL. 60611
Harvey W. Wernecke,
Robert M. Denmead
645 North Michigan Avenue,
Mohawk 4-5800 (area code 312)
CLEVELAND, OHIO 44113
Paul T. Fegley
55 Public Square, Superior 1-7000(area code 216)DALLAS, TEXAS 75201
Frank Le Beau
The Vaughn Bldg.,
1712 Commerce St.
Riverside 7-9721 (area code 214)
DENVER, COLO. 80202
John W. Patten
Tower Bldg., 1700 Broadway,
Alpine 5-2981 (area code 303)
HOUSTON, TEXAS 77025
Kenneth George
Prudential Bldg.. Halcombe Blvd.,
Riverside 8-1280 (area code 713)

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 19103
Warren H. Gardner, William J. Boyle
6 Penn Center Plaza,
LOcust 8-4330 (area code 215)
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. 94111
Richard C. Alcorn
255 California Street,
Douglas 2-4600 (area code 415)
LONDON Wl:
Edwin S. Murphy Jr.
34 Dover St.
FRANKFURT/ Main:
Matthee Herfurth
85 Westendstrasse
GENEVA:
Michael R. Zeynel
2 Place du PortTOKYO:
George Olcott,1, Kotohiracho, Shiba, Minato-ku
November 1, 1963

electronics

For higher TWT efficiency...a hollow beamThis photograph of a hollow, high-perveance electron
beam helps us measure our progress toward a goal ofhigher efficiency for traveling wave tubes. That's because its halo shows us how we're doing on beam control, and lets us know how our higher perveance electron
gun designs are working out.
STS-188, a 2 kW, S band TWT proves Sperry's
capability in depressed collectors.
Six othermodels ranging through S, C. and X bands, arealso operational at 10 W, 20 W and 2 kW
power levels.

We do a lot of other things to increase TWT efficiency.
Seven different types of depressed-collector TWT's are
already in the field ...operating at power levels as
high as 2 kW. And we're making constant progress on
the design and manufacture of shorter, more effective
attenuators.
In short, Sperry is doing quite a job on the technicalconsiderations that improve efficiency of traveling wave
tubes. 25% efficiency is already a reality on many ofour models, and better things are coming.

ELECTRONICTUBE
DIVISION
SPERRYRANDGAINESVILLE

CORP o RATIONFLORIDAA FREE TECHNICAL PAPER gives the details, boththeoretical and practical. If you are searching for higher
efficiency in broadband microwave systems, get yourcopy today. Write Sperry. Gainesville, Florida, or contact
your Cain & Co. representative.
In Europe, contact
Sperry Europe Continental, Paris.

CIRCLE 901 ON READER SERVICE CARD

YOUR NEW SSB CIRCUITS
with the remarkable RCA-7360 Beam-Deflection Tube

DEFLECTING

DEFLECTING

ELECTRODEELECTRODE

NO

2

NO

PLATE

1

PLATE
NO 1

NO. 2

GRID NO. 2
GRID NO. 1

CATHODEOne of the most significant advances made in tubes designed for SSB—the RCA-7360 operates
simultaneously as a balanced-mixer and oscillator or balanced-modulator and oscillator —at frequencies up to 100 Mc.
• Excellent Carrier Suppression-60 db in balanced modulators. 60 db in self-excited balanced mixers. 40-db
oscillator-signal suppression in balanced-mixer service.
• Exceptional gain and signal-handling capabilities make it possible to eliminate intermediate- or bufferamplifier stage.
• High sensitivity... low distortion.
• Ultra-stable. Tuning "stays put" with life over a wide dynamic range and temperature range.
• Self-excitation. Operates as abalanced mixer or abalanced modulator without the need for a separate
oscillator.
• Balanced push-pull output from single-ended AF and RF inputs eliminates need for audio-input transformer
in balanced-modulator circuits.
• High transconductance...high input impedance.

CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW OF
MAIN ELEMENTS OF RCA-7360

Find out today how you can achieve better SSB performance and simpler circuits with the RCA7360! Call your RCA Field Representative or write: Commercial Engineering, Section K-19Q-1
RCA Electronic Components and Devices, Harrison, New Jersey.

BALANCED MODULATORAND OSCILLATORBUFFER AMPLIFIER
1ST MIXERAND OSCILLATOR

2ND MIXER AND OSCILLATOR
1st LINEAR DRI 'ER

SIDEBAND FILTER

AUDIO

I
NAL

AMPLIFIER

1:ISCILLATOROSCILLATORBLOCK DIAGRAM OF
TYPICAL SSB TRANSMITTER.
RCA-7360 TUBE MAKES IT
POSSIBLE TO ELIMINATE THE
STAGES SHOWN IN RED.
OSCILLATORThe Most Trusted Name in Electronics