Coexistence of Urban and Rural Areas in National
Spatial Planning: Bangladesh
Urban Development Directorate (UDD)Planning Practices in Bangladesh
1. Urban Development Directorate (UDD) (WholeBangladesh)

2. Development Authority
3. Local Government Rural Department (Urban Area)

Planning Practices of UDD
Important Activities of UDD (1972-1975)

1. Sub divisional Plan for Divisional and District Headquarter
2. Preparation of Plans for satellite township (Bogra, Sylhet, Mirpuretc)
3. Advice Government and discuss with the representatives regarding
planning of Shere Bangla Nagar.
4. Urban Planning Scheme (1st phase) (Prepared Plan for 20 existingurban centers)
5. Regional Planning Scheme (1st phase) (Dhaka and Bogura)Completed Land Use/Master Plans (1984-1991)
International.shp
Riv_mjr_double.shp
Location of 390 upzila_udd.shp
Sylhet_master plan areashp.shp
Cox's bazar master plan_union.shp
Barishal master plan area.shp
Ctg_city_corp.shp
Study_area_poly.shp
Khulna_cc.shp
Rajuk_boundary.shp
Upazila_1999 to 2008.shp
390 upzl_mast_plan_udd.shp
UDD392 Upazilas
and 50 zilas Master Plan (1984 – 1991)(Shown as Red Dots on Map)

under National
Physical Plan (NPP)
Phase-IINW

ES50050100 Kilometers

Location of 392 upzilas, UDD & different city authorities in BangladeshCompleted Master Plan, 1999-2013 (17 Nos.) by Own Manpower
Manual Map Prepared by using Own Manpower

Master Plan ofNawabganj Upzila Shahar, 1989

Master Plan ofTungipara Pourashava, Gopalgonj Zila, 2001

Paradigm Shifts•••

Risk Sensitive Plan
Digital Database
Several Types of Surveys

Steps of Planning at a glanceBase MapPreparation Stage
Analysis StageSurveyStagePlan Preparation
Stage

Future Survey Addition1. Public Health Related Survey
2. Data Management

Master Plan Preparation Area of UDD
Completed 6.7% Area (by 2023)
On-going 4.38% Area

So, 11.08% (16346.06 sqkm) area is going tobe covered by the planned Bangladesh➢ Scenario: Risk Sensitive Plan preparation
Organization Name

Area in sq. km.

Percentage

RAJUK Area
CDA Area

1528
1152

1.04
0.78

KDA Area

824.76

0.56

RDA Area
Cox'sDA Area

364.79
2491

0.25
1.69

Sub Total (A = Authorities)

6360.55

4.31

Recent Completed Planned Area (34 Upz)

9881

6.7

Ongoing Planning Area of UDD (27 Upz)

6465.06

4.38

Subtotal (B = UDD) (60 Upz)

16346.06

11.08

Grand Total of Planned Bangladesh (A+B)

22706.61

15.52

Total Area of Bangladesh

147570100

UDDLegendName

By 2025 Ministry of Housingand Public Works canachieve 15.52%

Hotspot
CDA

Barind and Drought Prone Areas

CoxDA

Chittagong Hill Tracts

KDA

Coastal ZoneRAJUKHaor and Flash Flood Areas

RDA

Less Disaster Prone Area

Ongoing Project Area

River systems and estuaries

Completed Project Area

Urban Areas

Upazila Boundary

Interfacing of Ecology, Infrastructureservice and Economy in Bangladesh

understand the comparative urban status of Bangladesh.
There are 4 considerations,

1) to assess the Ecological Suitability of urban unit.
2) to assess the infrastructure-service suitability of urban unit.
3) to interact ecology and urban infrastructure-service suitability
for understanding the existing urban scenario (Urban Readiness)4) to assess the Economic Competency of Urban unite andtheir interaction with ecology and infrastructure.

Urban Readiness of Bangladesh
19 Ecological phenomenon is considered asindicative variable to compute the comparative
ecological sensitivity of Bangladesh(8)

From non-farm economic point of view,
efficiency or productivity of an urban
economic system in a Growth center isaffected by these ecological phenomenon in
Bangladesh.
A Growth center with history of enduring higher
degree of affect has higher sensitivity
A growth center is ecologically more sensitive
then other growth center if it has higher
concentration of these phenomenon

(8)

(2)

Comparative ecological sensitivity of Bangladesh
Each area have different Geophysicalcondition and history of enduring
natural events. Ecological sensitivityof an area is statistical comparison ofthese facts.
Ecological phenomenon play criticalrole on infrastructure-services of anarea.
This study consider 19 Ecologicalphenomenonas
Ecologicalsensitivity indicative variable.

Ecological Suitability
1. Rangpur Region
2. Rajshahi Region
3. Mymansing Region
4. Khulna Region
5. Barishal Region
6. Dhaka Region
7. Comilla Region
8. Chattogram Region

Infrastructure-service variable (11 Variables)

From economic point ofview these 11
infrastructure-service
variable can assess
potential productivityof a growth center.
Higher the productivity
potential indicate
higher urban suitability

Capitalindicativevariable

Entrepreneurship indicative variable
Labor indicative variable

Education Health and Religious Services
Agriculture and Emergency Services
Rural Economy related Infrastructure
Water based Communication Services
Rail communication Services
Road Connectivity
Airport Proximity
Seaport Proximity
Capital Proximity
Administration level
Urban Population

Social Service
indicator
Connectivity
indicator

Locationadvantage

Comparative urban suitability considering infrastructure- service

An upazila (urban unit) is more Urban
Suitable then other growth center if it has
stronger economic system.

Assessment of existing infrastructureservices in an urban unit is indicative
assessment of its Urban Suitability.

Determination of aggregation method for two suitability

Each growth center is plottedin the two dimensional plain.
Twosuitability
score(infrastructure-service andecology)
represent
theposition of growth center in
two axis (x-axis and y-axis).
A

growth center have toachieve high score in bothdimensions to achieve
higher urban readinessscore.

Eco-Urban Readiness (Absolute View in Map)

Rangpur(RpCC)
Mymansing(MCC)-No growth center has urban readiness score above80.

-Capital (Dhaka) has highest readiness score which isonly growth center between 75.00-79.99

Sylhet(SCC)

Rajshahi(RCC)

Gazipur (GCC)-There is no growth center with readiness score
between 70.00-50.00-Khan Jahan Ali (KCC) has 2nd highest readiness score
which is only growth center between 45.00-49.99-Monpura (Bhola) has lowest readiness score which
is only growth center between 05.00-09.99-All other 481 growth center have readiness score
between 40.00-10.00

DNCC & DSCC

Khulna(KCC)

Narayanganj(NCC)
Comilla (CoCC)

Chattogram(CCC)Barishal(BCC)Analysis of Economic
Competency
According to the BBS all 19 sectors areregrouped in to 3 broad sectors.

Gross Domestic Product of Bangladesh in FY 2021-22

BroadSector
A

B%

Agriculture 11.52

Industry35.47-A)
Agriculture
sectorcontributed 11.52% which is
the only sector in Agriculture
broad sector-B) Industry Broad sector
contributed35.47%
ofnational GDP.
- C) Service Broad sector
that is 53.01% of the nationalGDP.

CService53.01

BSCI Sector

GDP (Mill. BDT)%

1

Agricultural

43,98,344

11.52

2

Mining & Quarrying

5,81,862

1.523Manufacturing

87,66,622

22.96

4

Electricity, Gas, Steam

4,85,981

1.27

5

Water Supply, Sewerage

34,104

0.09

6Construction

36,72,565

9.62

7Wholesale & Retail trade57,24,728

15.00

8Transport & Storage

28,49,857

7.47

9

Accommodation and Food Service

4,42,911

1.16

10 Information & Communication

4,18,071

1.10

11 Financial & Insurances

13,05,399

3.42

12 Real Estate

33,51,471

8.78

13 Professional, Scientific & Technical

69,3530.18

14 Administrative &Support

3,08,297

0.81

15 Public Administration

12,76,652

3.34

16 Education

10,75,854

2.82

17 Human Health

13,69,103

3.59

18 Arts, entertainment

60,2710.16

19 Other Service Activities
Total

19,83,517

5.20

38,174,970

100

MergedtogetherExcluded

10,00,000 = 1Million (106)
1,00,00,00,000 = 1 Billion (109 )A) Agriculture, forestry
and fishing sector

Agriculture sector GDP 2021-2022(Provisional)

Analysis of Economic Competency

In Million BDT
4,398,344-Sub-sectors of agriculture sector and contribution in GDP.

Classification in BBS
Division
Crop and animal
production, hunting
1and related service
activities

2 Forestry and logging

3Fishing andaquaculture
Total

Classification in National Accounts SystemGroup
1234567123412% of GDP
11.52%

Growing of non-perennial crops (rice, oilseed, and leguminous plants)
Growing of perennial crops (fruit, nut etc.)
Plant propagation (Culturing)
Support activities to agriculture and post- harvest crop activities
Animal production (Livestock)
Mixed farming (Cropping + Livestock)Hunting, trapping and related service activities
Silviculture and other forestry activities
Logging
Gathering of non-wood forest products
Support services to forestry
FishingAquaculture

Sub ClassGDP( Million BDT)

% of Agriculture sector GDPCropping

21,18,859

48.17

Livestock

6,71,894

15.28

Forest6,25,772

14.23

Fishing

9,81,819

22.32

43,98,344

100

Data Source: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, 2021;
https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/057b0f3b_a9e8_4fde_b3a6_6d
aec3853586/2021-08-12-10-27-7501e22c5d83076df19555e6ddd76ab7.pdf

A) Agriculture, forestry and fishing sector
Analysis of Economic Competency-41 upazilas (08.49%)
are agriculture hotspot.
-429 Upazilas (88.82%) are Agriculture best
fitted spot.
-13 Upazilas (02.69%)
are agriculture coldspot.

B.Industry Broad Sector
Analysis of Economic Competency

Among 5 sectors under industry broad sector GDP of 4 Sectors areestimatedBroad Sector%
23B

Industry

35.47

456Sectors in National Accounts

GDP (Mill. BDT)%

Mining & Quarrying
Manufacturing (Textile)
Electricity, Gas, Steam & Air Condition
SupplyWater Supply, Sewerage & Waste
Management
Construction

5,81,862
87,66,622

1.52
22.96

4,85,981

1.27

34,1040.09

36,72,565

9.62

2.Industry Broad Sector Analysis of Economic Competency
Manufacturing

Electricity and Gas Supply

Water and Sanitation Supply

All Type of Construction

B.Industry Broad Sector
Analysis of Economic Competency

Among 5 sectors under industry broad sector GDP of 4 Sectors are
estimatedBroad
SectorB

Industry%

Sectors in National Accounts

2 Mining & Quarrying
3 Manufacturing
Electricity, Gas, Steam & Air
435.47
Condition Supply
Water Supply, Sewerage &5
Waste Management
6 Construction

GDP (Mill.
BDT)
5,81,862
87,66,622

1.52
22.96

4,85,981

1.27

34,1040.09

36,72,565

9.62%

B. Industry
B.1. Manufacturing sector
Analysis of Economic Competency
Outcome of Manufacturing sector
analysis,
Manufacturing Sector Hotspot--5 upazila, Dhaka City (DNCC &DSCC), Chattogram City (CCC),
Gazipur Sadar (GCC & Tongi),
Narayanganj Sadar (NCC) &Shiddhirganj and Saver upazila
thatis01.04%
aremanufacturing hot spot.
-477 Upazilas (98.76 %) aremanufacturing best fitted spot.
-1 Upazila Rangpur Sadar(Rangpur CC) (0.21%) ismanufacturing cold spot.

C.Service Broad Sector
Analysis of Economic Competency-Upazila GDP in 13 sectors under the Service Broad Sector are also estimated.
-Due to the lack of data 19th sector: Other Service Activates are excluded from the study.
-Moreover, 14th sector: Administrative & Support Service and 15th sector: Public Administration & Defense are very
closely related sectors. So, they were merged together in this study.

BroadSector

CService%

Sectors in National Accounts

53.01

1 Wholesale & Retail trade
2 Transport & Storage
3 Accommodation and Food Service
4 Information & Communication
5 Financial & Insurances
6 Real Estate
7 Professional, Scientific & Technical
8 Administrative &Support
9 Public Administration
10 Education
11 Human Health
12 Arts, entertainment
13 Other Service Activities

GDP (Mill. BDT)%

57,24,728
28,49,857
4,42,911
4,18,071
13,05,399
33,51,471
69,353
3,08,297
12,76,652
10,75,854
13,69,103
60,271
19,83,517

15.00
7.47
1.16
1.10
3.42
8.78
0.18
0.81
3.34
2.82
3.59
0.16
5.20

Merged together inthe study

Excluded in the study

Wholesale

Professional

Transport

Administrative

Accommodation

Education

ICT

Financial

HealthReal Estate

Arts

C.Service Broad Sector
Analysis of Economic Competency-13 sectors under the Service broad sector are reclassified in to 11 sector.
Source: BBS 2021

BroadSector

C%

Service 53.01

Sectors in National
Accounts

GDP (Mill. BDT)%

7 Wholesale & Retail trade57,24,728

15.00

8 Transport & Storage
Accommodation and9Food Service
Information &10Communication
11 Financial & Insurances
12 Real Estate
Professional, Scientific &13
Technical
16 Education
17 Human Health
18 Arts, entertainment

28,49,857

7.47

4,42,911

1.16

4,18,071

1.10

13,05,399
33,51,471

3.42
8.78

69,3530.18

10,75,854
13,69,103
60,271

2.82
3.59
0.16

Upazila GDP in all Sector(Agriculture + Industry + Service)
Analysis of Economic Competency-Considering the estimation of upazila GDP in 16 sectors this study calculated thetotal GDP of 483 upazila of Bangladesh

Merged together inthe study

Not Calculated

Night Illumination of Upazilas in BangladeshLight Index 2022

Illumination Intensity
Dhaka city and it’s
adjacent area

*Average Intensity of an
upazila is 9.69

Comparative Economic Productivity of Growth Center/Upazila
Indicative economic potentiality ofgrowth center/Upazil based on
probable contribution in national GDP.

Contribution of locality in national GDP
Conventional way to estimate
contribution of locality in national GDP is estimation based on the number of farms
or establishment in each sector
based on population or employment

Number of Establishments and number of employment in a sector is published at upazila level. On
the other hand, GDP contribution is only available at national level for earth sector. This study will
estimate GDP per employment per establishment in a year as farm productivity of an upazila.

Comparative Economic Productivity Ratio
Indicative economic potentiality ofgrowth center/Upazil based on
probable contribution in national GDP.

Contribution of locality in national GDP
Conventional way to estimate
contribution of locality in national GDP is estimation based on the number of farms
or establishment in each sector
based on population or employment

Number of Establishments and number of employment in a sector is published at upazila level. On
the other hand, GDP contribution is only available at national level for earth sector. This study will
estimate GDP per employment per establishment in a year as farm productivity of an upazila.

Where are Comparative Economic Productivity into space?
Indicative economic potentiality ofgrowth center/Upazil based onprobable contribution in national GDP.
Million BDT (%)

Conventional way to estimate
contribution of locality in national GDP isbased on population or employment
Number of Employee (%)

Contribution of locality in national GDP
estimation based on the number offarms or establishment in each sector
Number of Farm/Company (%)

We do need to calculate the allocationof space corelated to GDP, Ecology andInfrastructure and services for
population of Bangladesh, 2041?
Ratio of Space
Number of Establishments and number of employment in a sector is published at upazila level. On
the other hand GDP contribution is only available at national level for earth sector. This study will
estimate GDP per employment per establishment in a year as farm productivity of an upazila.

Dynamics in Agriculture Sector

Farm/Company number (70%)

Labor number (48%)

BDT (10.33%)

Dynamics in Manufacturing Sector
Labor number(16.67%)
BDT (20.59%)

Farm/Company
number (3.76%)

Ecological Suitable

Urban Readiness

Infrastructure Suitable

Interfacing with Different Government Policy

1. 8th five-year plan
2. My village my town Vision
3. Perspective Plan
4. Delta Plan
5. Government Manifesto

Future Plan

Dhaka;(31 Upazila)

Connecting Ports and Trans
Boundary Road Connection

National HighwayCorridor

Regional Corridor

Rural Bangladesh

Urban Rural Connectivity Through Spatial PlanningA Green & Clean City of Bangladesh

Rajshahi Metropolitan City
• Forth Largest Divisional Cityof Bangladesh with apopulation of less than 1
million.
• Famous for Silk andEducational Institute• Agriculture Contributes moreThan 10% to the NationalGDP• One of the Warmest and
Dry City of Bangladesh

08/11/2023

42

Urban Settings of the City

Rural Settings of the City

Achievement of Rajshahi City
• Reduced Air Pollution Level (PM10particles mg/cubic metre) about 67%(WHO, 2017)• Awarded the National Environment
Medal in 2020 and 2021.

• Reduced Urban Heat Island(UHI) Effect• “Green City” and Clean City ofBangladesh

08/11/2023

Spatial Planning Efforts
by Rajshahi
Development Authority

Rajshahi Master Plan, 1984-2004

Master Plan,
2004-2024

Rajshahi Metropolitan Development Plan
2022-2041

Rajshahi Metropolitan Development Plan
2004-2024

UrbanEconomics
Study

Environmental
Study

Study on Socialand Municipal
ServiceStudy on
Recreation andTourism

SectoralStudies

Study onRecreation andTourism

Population
Study

Drainage Study

Physical Featureand Land UseStudy

Transportation
StudyPlanning Factors
01

Urbanization& Urbanism

02

Modality030405

the level of urbanization, development
trends in Rajshahi and demographic andsocio-economic characteristics of thepopulation

DemandAssessment

Rural –Urban
Migration

Population
Projection

Transport Network, modal habit
and Trip Generation

Number of Schools, Colleges,
Health Institutes, Playground,Park, etc.

the trend ,factors and impact ofrural urban migration in Rajshahicity.

future population of thebase year population

Participatory Plan▪ To make the plan inclusive andsustainable, 44 community
consultation have been
conducted.
▪ Different occupation▪ Minor Group (1%)▪ Female (10%)▪ Disable (1%)▪ Reflect the needs, voice andchoice of all segments ofbeneficiaries.

Public Hearing on Draft Plan

PRA Map Generated by Local Residence
for Ward no. -07 of RCC

Spatial Planning Area of Rajshahi
SpatialCharacteristics
265.56 sq.km
Urban
100 sq.km

RuralEducation

46 sq.km
HealthJob

Urban Facilities

Rajshahi Metropolitan Development Plan, 2004-2024
Strategic Plan
Structure Plan
Functional Master Plan
Detailed Area Plan

Master Plan, 2004-2024

My Village My Town
▪ Enhance the Rural Connectivity▪ Strengthen the Major Rural Growth Centres▪ Introduce surface water based Irrigation▪ Provide Health Care Centres & Education
Institutes (Primary, Secondary, TTC)

▪ Increase Access to Utility Services

Clean & GreenCity

Land
Sharing

Settlement SchemesLand
Sharing

City Mobility & Urban-RuralConnectivity

Hi-Tech Park

08/11/2023

River Based
Recreation

Export Processing Zone

Mass Transit
NetworkCommunity Based Blue Park
54

Plan Implementation
Land Usein 2004

Land
Use in2021

LanduseChanges(%)

Agriculture

43.39%

41.61%

1.78(-)

Public Administration

0.06%

0.42%

0.36(+)

Commercial Areas

0.37

0.250.12(-)

Educational Institutes

1.62

1.380.24(-)

Health Care Institutions

0.11

Industrial Zone

0.31

0.16
0.40

Mixed use

0.03

0.320.29(+)

Green Zone

2.38

2.442.20(-)

Road

1.89

2.26

0.37(+)

Residential

19.80

22.77

2.97(+)

Railway

0.10

0.09(+)

River

18.37

0.19
17.27

Char Land

10.82

11.16

0.34(+)

Land Use

08/11/2023

0.05(+)

Involve Mayor

Involve ElectedCouncilors

Plan
Implementation

0.09(+)

1.10(-)

Motivate People

Coordination With
Different
Development
Organization

55

Disaster Risk Map

Flood Risk Area

INTEGRATION OF DISASTER RISK SENSITIVITY WITH LAND USE PLAN

Heat EffectFire Risk Area
Earthquake
vulnerable Area
RMDP, 2022-2041

Legal Base of Implementation

Rajshahi
Development
Authority Act. 201808/11/2023

Own Source Revenue Increment

Thank you
08/11/2023

59