A McGraw-Hill Publication

75 Cents

Febrtmey 15, 1963

electronics
Latc:t Trends in Microminiaturization —Cà

new approaches, applications in systems,-1 design problems and research directions

EIGHT-NEIGHBOR NOR gate (above); background shows..eflip-flop array using insulated-gate field-effectransistors

HSU WWI 02.S0r1

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for low-level measurements.
• A unique dial arrangement which presents a large, easy-to-read digital
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decade code ...does not require fussy,
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February 15, 1963

electronics
A McGraw-Hill Publication

75 Cents

ARRAY OF insulated-gate field-effect transistor flip-flops will be
diced into groups of 10 to become decks then interconnected asdigital decade scalers in the frequency synthesizer of an ssb
transmitter-receiver being built by RCA Labs. These transistors are also used in the eight-neighbor NOR gate shown in
the inset; the flexible gold films are deposited between the silicon lands and ceramic package in one evaporation. For morenews on advances in microelectronics, see P 45
COVER

W. W. MacDONALD, Editor

J. M. CARROLL, Managing Editor
SENIOREDITORS:

SamuelWeber,

George W. Sideris.
SENIORCIATE EDITORS: Michael F.

ASSOWolff,

John F. Mason. ASSOCIATE EDITORS:
MichaelF.

Tomaino,SylvesterP.

Carter, William P. O'Brien, Sy Vogel,Leslie Solomon, George J. Flynn, Laurence D. Shergalis, George V. Novotny,Leon

H. Dulberger.

ASSISTANT EDI-TORS: Nilo Lindgren, Stanley Froud,
Stephen B. Gray, Roy J. Bruun, BarryA.
Briskman. REGIONALEDITORS:
Harold C. Hood (Pacific Coast, Los

UNDERSEA TRANSMITTERS Will Locate Missile Impacts.
Acoustic signals will link hydrophone arrays to ships. Atlantic
Missile Range will use this system to cover target areas distantfrom land

18

HYDROPHONES WILL TRACK SUBS. Here's another acoustic
system, in experimental use for the Atlantic Undersea Test and
Evaluation Center. Transmission range is 10,000 yards

19

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Go Operational. The orders have goneout for 140,000 integrated circuits for Minuteman. This wholesale use in ICBM's will put integrated circuits on the shelf forother uses

26

SATELLITE INSPECTOR Gets Priority. Air Force hopes to put
men into command and control space vehicles. Other chores formanned spacecraft: satellite repair and inspection

28

VTOL DEVELOPMENT Spurred by Limited-War Needs. Military plans to use vertical-take-off-and-landing planes in counter-insurgency operations. Here's a rundown on the special
electronics needed30

SYNCHRONOUS SATELLITES. First of these will be Syncom I,
slated for launch this week. NASA is also planning a synchronous weather satellite system

32

SPECIAL—ADVANCES IN MICROMINIATURIZATION. Thisis the year to go micro, many manufacturers assert. A whole
new technology has progressed from promise to practice in four
short years. This report covers thin films, bulk semiconductor
techniques, component-oriented approaches and combinations of
all three. Today the question is not when microminiaturization
but how.
By M. F. Wolff

45

ORBITING GEOPHYSICAL OBSERVATORY: A Look Inside.
In a gross parody of Caesar's succinct war communique, theNational Aeronautics and Space Administration now talks of"Ogo, Ego, Pogo." Here's a look inside the complex satellitethat will carry 50 different experiments aloft next summer.
By P. F. Glaser and E. R. Spangler, Space Technology Labs

61

Angeles), Thomas Maguire (New England,

Boston),(Midwest,

Cletus

Chicago).

Howard R. Berry.
DIRECTOR: John C.
TORIAL

M.

ART

Wiley

DIRECTOR:ASSISTANT
Wright, Jr.

ART
EDI-

Lorraine

Rossi,ASSISTANTS:

Virginia T. Bastian, Lynn Emery, Ann
Melia,
Lorraine
Werner,Alice M.
O'Brien. FOREIGN NEWS BUREAU:
Director, John Wilhelm; Alyne Elias,
Betsy Wilson. LONDON—John Shinn,
Derek Barlow, Nicholas Landon. BONN
—Bruce Bendow, Richard Mikton, SiIke
McQueen.

BRUSSELS — Peter

Forbath.

PARIS—Robert Farrell, Arthur Erikson.
MILAN—Marc A. Messina.
MEXICOCITY — Wesley

Perry,

Jr.

RIO

DE

JANEIRO—Leslie Warren. MOSCOW—
Stewart Ramsey. TOKYO—Richard Halloran, Charles Cohen, John Yamaguchi.

W.

W.

GAREY,

Publisher

Contents Continued1electronics
February IS, 1963

Volume 36 No. 7

Publishedwithweekly,CONTENTS continued

Electronlc‘

Buyers' Guide as part of the subscrip
tion, by McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Inc. Founder: James H. Mc("raw(1860-1948).
Title
registered U.S. Patent Office,© copyright 1963 by McGraw-Hi'
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Co.,

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rightsre.

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andadvertising offices: McGraw-Hill Building, 330 West 42nd Street, New York36, N. Y. Telephone Longacre 4-3000.
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TRANSISTOR THERMAL RESISTANCE: Practical Way to
Measure It. Thermal resistance and thermal time constant areoften specified by the military but procedures for making therequired measurements can be confusing. This article sets fortha simple procedure for thermal testing that satisfies MIL specs.
By H. Bauman, Kearfott Div., General Precision

66

IMPROVING PULSE RISE TIME With Snap-Off Diodes. Risetimes of a fraction of a nanosecond for sampling oscilloscope
application can be achieved at recurrance rates of several hundred megacycles. The secret is to cascade several charge-storage
semiconductor diodes.
By K. C. Hu, RCA Labs68

NOVEL COINCIDENCE TECHNIQUE for Transistor DecadeCounter. Decade counters that use four cascaded binary stages
use forced triggering for advancing the count by six units during application of ten input triggers. This new coincidence technique permits advancing the count one step or more at any stage
and is as fast as the basic binary.
By P. Malhotra and R. P. Parshad,National Physical Lab, New Delhi, India

71

paid at Albany, N. Y.
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DEPARTMENTS
Crosstalk. Microminiaturization Coming of Age

3

Comment. Women Engineers

4

Electronics Newsletter. Russians Latching Onto
Echo II Satellite

7

Washington This Week. Pentagon Preparing
Long-Range Study of Contractors' Well-Being

12

Meetings Ahead. International Telemetering Conference

38

Research and Development. Raman Scattering Explains Liquids Lasers

74

Components and Materials. Will Tunnel Cathode
Bring New Tubes?

86

Production Techniques.
Cordwood Packaging,94

New Products.
DTL

Honeycomb

Enhances

Integrated Circuit is Modified

Literature of the Week

106
121

Electronics,

330 West 42nd Street, New York 36,
New York.

People and' Plants. Electro-Optical Systems Expands
124
Index to Advertisers

132

Audited Paid Circulation
2electronics

L

iè

CROSSTALK

Microminiaturization Coming of Age
microminiaturization. This has happened before,
and will happen again, in the exponentiallygrowing electronics industry.
We need more of these men in the middle,
men who look ahead, but with good timing andgood judgment.

PERENNIAL OPTIMISTS and perennial pessimists can be equally detrimental to progress.
This thought was brought home to us whilegathering material for the special feature on
microminiaturization beginning on p 45.
Recent progress in the design and applicationof integrated circuits, for example, is little shortof amazing. Such circuits are now being incorporated into special-purpose digital computers
and major military weapons systems (see p 26)
despite early reactions resulting from too muchballyhoo on the one hand and too much cold
water on the other.
As Harrell Noble, of the Electronics Technology Laboratory at Wright-Patterson AFB,
said in our May 11, 1962, issue, when an Air
Force team began asearch for some new methodof simply performing electronic functions backin 1953 they found two people in one laboratory
who appeared to know what they wanted. Andeven these two said technology had not advanced
far enough to permit solution of the problem.
Others, at the same time, were painting glowing
pictures for the future but offering little help.
Who is responsible for the solutions now
rapidly being brought to bear? In our opinion
just a few solid citizens in the military andindustry who refused to be frightened off either
by the early ballyhoo or by the imposing technical problems. They said, in effect, "this iswhat is needed, we have some keys to it, let'sfind more as fast as we intelligently can andthen build it." And they did.
The over-optimistic and the over-pessimistic
initially frightened off many good men in the
middle who could have contributed greatly to

February

15,

1963

SPACE WORKHORSE. A space vehicle to belaunched this summer may turn out to be the DC 47
of orbital flight. Designated OGO (Orbiting Geophysical Observatory) for its initial flight, it is thefirst general purpose vehicle for space exploration.
The basic design may remain frozen for several
years.
The purpose of the vehicle (see p 61) is to provide a couple of cubic yards of orbiting laboratory.
Instead of the satellite being wrapped around theexperiments to be carried aloft, the experiment will
be tailored to an off-the-shelf vehicle. The airbornelaboratory comes with all modern conveniences including solar cells to supply power, attitude stabilizers and space-to-ground links.

NEW OLD WORLD. India is a country more famous
for its metaphysical investigations than its physicalresearch. Yet India has vigorous programs of scientific research on many fronts. Besides the industrial and university laboratories, there are government
supported
research
establishments
that
investigate the same natural phenomena that scientists in the Western world have been probing.
Quite recently too, several American and European
firms have set up subsidiaries there, and will build
laboratories for fundamental research. Many Indian
engineers and scientists obtain their graduate training in America and Europe, frequently returning toindustrial posts in India with a broader technological background than many a home-grown American Ph.D.
As proof of the pudding this week, we are publishing an article (p 71) by staffers of the Indian
National Physical Laboratory, in New Delhi—alaboratory that closely parallels our own National
Bureau of Standards. The report is on a new methodof speeding up a binary counter, using feedback.

3

VERY

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Women Engineers

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drastically cut because so much is already built in:• Built-in crystal-controlled harmonic
markers at 1,10, and 100mc intervals.
• Built-in variable-gain dc or ac-coupled 'scope preamplifier with 200X
maximum gain.
• Built-in precision attenuator from zero
to 50db in 10db steps.
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In response to the letter from
Mrs. Coleman (Comment, p 4, Dec.
12, 1962) :Mrs. Coleman is perhaps notaware of the widespread efforts of
the Society of Women Engineers toseek out engineering talent among
women, and to encourage their development both as engineering professionals and as happy, fulfilled individuals.
Ido not agree with Mrs. Coleman.
There are women engineers. They
earn excellent salaries. They are
happy in their work—and they are
lucky enough to be living the lives
they chose to lead. There will be
more and more of them as the years
roll on. But in our highly-valued
home- and family-oriented culture,
women alone will never solve theengineering shortage. We must look
to better utilization of all our
trained engineering manpower—
including both men and women—to
do that.
But Iwill say this: If you know
a girl with technical talent who
really wants to be an engineer—by
all means encourage her in her
aspirations. For by so doing you
will help her to do in life what she
really wants to do—and that, after
all, is the only sure road to her happiness and your freedom! Whatkind of an engineer she becomes is
up to her; but whether she becomes
one at all may well be up to you.
AILEEN CAVANAUGH
Society of Women Engineers
New York, New Yorkof pedestal axes intersection at thecenter of gravity and close to thecenter of wind pressure from all
aspects. This results in lower inertia, no overhung mass, muchsmaller swept volume and more
flexibility since counterweights andwind sails are not required. Safe
antenna stowage is thus achieved at
any orientation.
Electrical: Boresight errors due
to polarization and frequency aremainly caused by unbalance of theantenna radiators. A' four-element
end-fire array constitutes only a
two-element interferometer; its element number n (advantage Vn) has
resulted in total combined measured
boresight errors due to polarizationand frequency of less than 0.05 deg,an order of magnitude less than
figures quoted.
In addition, end-fires permit simultaneous
multiplefrequency
band operation while mattress arrays are often considerably lessflexible. In such other areas aspolarization diversity, method of
track, etc., both techniques can beequal.
Reliability: Since an end-fire antenna employs few active elements
and makes up its gain by the parasitically excited end-fire directors,
fewer transmission losses, radiator
matching structures, and power divider components will be required.
This reduces the number of failuresthat may occur at various interconnecting points and critical local
areas.
JOHN PARRY
Technical Planning
Avien, Inc.
Woodside, N.Y.

Flat-Plane vs End-Fire Antennas
Concerning your article entitled
New Telemetry Antenna
Adds
Flexibility (p 48, Feb. 1), certain
fundamental properties of end-firearrays in general, and more recent
work in particular, require further
consideration. We have found thefollowing:
Mechanical: A four-element array of about 8 ft square and 6 ft
deep has the same gain as an approximately 12 ft square x 2 ft
deep conventional dipole mattressarray. The end-fire array has aquasicubical shape with the center

Variable-Width Pulses
In reference to my article, How
to Produce Variable Width Pulses(p 48, Dec. 21, 1962) :In Fig. 1, resistor R. should not
be connected to the collector of transistor Q„ but to —24 volts. And
diode D, should be a PS005.
In Fig. 2, resistor R. should go
to +18 v.
I
RVING SIMON
Monroe Calculating
Machine Co.
Orange, New Jersey
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electronics

electronics NEWSLETTER

Soviets Latching Onto Echo II Satellite
U.S. AND SOVIET plans for coperative experiments with the
Echo II passive communications
satellite balloon (p 7, Dec. 14,
1962) are firming up. Technicalarrangements are expected tobe ironed out when Hugh L. Dryden, NASA's deputy administrator, meets with his Soviet counterpart in Rome next month.
Facsimile, teletypewriter, telephone and radio signals may bebounced for about 15 minutes aweek between the ground station
at Andover, Me., and one in western Russia.
Construction of an American
ground station in Alaska is reportedly being considered for communication with a Soviet station in
Siberia. This could increase communications time considerably. The
two stations would be in sight of
Echo for much longer periods.
Meanwhile, the U.S. plans to use
Echo II for tests of transmission
medium characteristics, to study
modulation and demodulation, andto analyze acquisition, tracking andorbital data. USAF will use a communications terminal at Floyd,
N.Y., transmitter at Trinidad, andtransportable station near Buffalo,
N.Y.
Instead of inflating Echo with
low-pressure gas, NASA may try
dividing it into sections and fillingeach with high-pressure gas toeliminate the danger of rupture
from sudden total inflation. Should
NASA make the change, the launchdate would be rescheduled. Launch
is now planned for spring.

Duobinary Coding
Speeds Up Data FlowDUOBINARY CODING will speed

up radio and telephone-line data transmission to 2,400 bits a second, or
3,200 words a minute, according toGeneral Telephone & Electronics.
SystemdevelopedbyLenkurtshould result in broader and more
economical use of communications
facilities, GT&E claims. The coding
February

15,

1963

technique is to convert binary l's
to either plus or minus pulses witha multivibrator according to thepattern of intervening binary O's.
The O's remain unchanged. System
can be used with any linear modulation method but f-m is most suitable.

Coherent Green-Light
Source Is Achieved
INTENSE, coherent light in the green
spectrum has been generated by
Lear Siegler using an infrared laserand harmonic generating material.
The company thinks it could pave
the way for underwater laser communication and surveillance techniques. However, atrue green laser,
one generating coherent green light
directly, has yet to be achieved.
Many researchers are attempting toperfect a green laser.
So far, the device has put out

over 10 Kw of coherent radiation
with a bandwidth of 2 angstroms
centered on 5,300 angstroms. Peakpowers of several megawatts may
be obtained soon. An output beamfrom aneodymium-doped glass laser
is projected into a nonlinear crystal(KDP or ADP) that generates asecond harmonic with a wavelengthof 0.53 microns. Beam width of theemitted green light is approximately 1milliradian. The multiplier
has a conversion efficiency of 1 to
3percent. It was developed at LSI's
Laser Systems Center, formerly
Trion Instruments.

New Optical Diode andTransistor Are Planned
BOSTON—Solid-State device groupat MIT Lincoln Laboratory is preparing experimental techniques forfabrication of high-speed photodiode and beam-of-light transistor,

Ring of Lasers Acts as Gyroscope
without moving parts
may result from Sperry laser system (p 7, Feb. 8) that measures
rate of rotation.
Four helium-neon lasers in series
along aclosed optical path emit identical coherent light beams, one
clockwise and one counterclockwise.
When the entire device is rotated,
optical light path length in each direction effectively changes, since thespeed of light is constant, and thefrequencies of the two beams arealtered in opposite directions. Beatnote picked up in one corner is used
for direct digital indication of rateof rotation and, when integrated,
for total amount turned.
In a demonstration last week,
laser beams of 2.61 x 10 14 cps produced heat frequencies in the audio
range, achieving a resolution of 2
degrees per minute. Resolution,
said Sperry scientists, is limited
GYROSCOPE

IMETER
REFLECTINGMIRRORGASTUBEROTAI ION

GA*
TUBE

GAS
TUBE

TRANSPARENTMIRROR

CLOCKWISE
BEAM

COUR TERCLOCKWISE
BEAM
TO COMBINING
OPTICS AND
PHOTOCATHODE

only by ability of detecting instruments to pick up and measure extremely low beat frequencies.
Sperry expects to develop a practical device under an Air Force contract. Ring laser devices will be insensitive to linear accelerations,gravityforcesandvibrations,
Sperry indicated. Absence of intricate mechanical parts machining
would make production costs low

7both device structures based on gallium-arsenide heterojunctions. Proposed diode would be high-speed
photodetector for radiation emitted
from either coherent or incoherent
gallium arsenide diode infrared
source. The new transistor would
have
infrared-emitting
galliumarsenide p-n junction as emitterand an n-gallium arsenide, p-germanium heterojunction as collector.
Among advantages of beam-oflight transistor predicted by Lincoln Lab design group is use ofvery low lifetime material, thus possibly opening transistor field tovariety of low-lifetime semiconductor materials.

Ask Australia to Join
British Satellite Plan
MELBOURNE — Australian
government will be presented this weekwith a plan to join a $450-million
Commonwealth communications satellite scheme. Basil de Ferranti of
Britain's Ferranti Ltd., partner in
British Space Development Corp.,says Australian share would be
about one tenth of total cost andwould provide 1,000 telephone channels to Britain and one tv channel.
Australia now has 10 telephonechannels to Britain. Project would
reduce cost of telephone calls between the two countries by half, deFerranti said. System would use
twelve satellites orbiting 7,000
miles above the equator and could
be operative within five years, he

said.

New Satellite Series to
Get Atomic Power Supply
is negotiatinga $180,000 contract with Martin
Marietta to develop a 20-watt Snap
for NASA's satellite Imp (Interplanetary Monitoring Probe). The
new Snap will probably be a scaleddown Snap 9-a, the 25-watt, plutonium-fueled device being developedby Martin for Navy's Transit navigation satellite.
Imp is designed to collect radiation and magnetic field data fromaround 110 miles to 150,000 miles
from earth. Seven or more imps

WASHINGTON—AEC

8

are now in the program. Part oftheir mission is to provide solar
flare predictions for Apollo.
NASA wants to fly an Imp satellite powered by two Snaps in about
20 months. Weight limit for both
Snaps is 45 lb. Meanwhile, at least
two other Imps with solar power
will be flown, starting this fall. The
130-lb satellite is being developedby Goddard Space Flight Center.

Two Computer Makers
Will Exchange Patents
and IBM haveentered into a licensing agreement
under which each makes its patentrights covering information handling systems available to the other.
The agreement is retroactive, covering all existing patents, plus any
that may be developed in the five
years beginning February 7.
A Burroughs source stated that
Burroughs does not feel it gained
any immediate advantage, that theobject was freedom to pursue research without worrying whether
the two companies might be traveling a parallel path. There will be
no exchange of prepatent information. Similar agreements have been
made between IBM and RCA and
Sperry Rand.
DETROIT—Burroughs

Radar Antenna Tilts
Beam Electronically
LONDON—Radar height-finding antenna developed by Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Co. tilts the beam byfrequency-sweeping, using a delayline. Full performance details arestill classified but antenna siclelobes
are 32 db down on the main beamand the vertical scanning arc exceeds 70 degrees. Data acquisition
is faster due to the inertialess tilting and the integration of theheight finding and surveillance radars. An experimental 10-cm swept frequency antenna has been successfully tested up to 3-Mw peak 1)•wer.
Frequency sweeping techniqueuses a 12:t-foot-long, hel ic allywound waveguide as a delay line toilluminate a duraluminum cylindrical parabolic reflector. Another approach is to stack zigzag coaxial delay lines rectangular matrix.

In Brief .••FORCE estimates each of the
1,000 Phantom aircraft it is buying (see p 12) will carry about$250,000 in airborne electronics.

AIR

ARMY will buy $20.2-million worthof AN/PRC-25 man-packed transistor radio sets in the year starting July 1.
wiring problems in the
Atlas 130-D will delay Astronaut
Leroy Cooper's Mercury orbital
flight, which had been scheduled
for April.

ELECTRICAL

JAPANESE set makers willbring out 16-inch color-tv setswith 90-degree-deflection picture
tubes this spring. New size is be-

MAJOR

ing introduced in an attempt tomake set acceptable to both domestic and export markets.
FAIRCHILD STRATOS Will build atwo-

ton meteoroid detection satellite
costing up to $10 million, forNASA. Aluminum-Mylar skins of
96-foot-wide wings will act ashuge capacitors, discharged uponeach penetration by a meteoroid,
providing signal pulse.
RCA OFFICIALLY announced this week

its development of an insulatedgate field-effect transistor (seep 45).
FEBRUARY 25, small business
firms will be sent invitations tobid, by Air Force Electronic Systems Division, Bedford, Mass.,
for programmed instruction techniques to train personnel in trouble-shooting at Sage sites.

ON

has a $4.8-million contract from Air Force for airborne
uhf communications equipment.
Gear will be shipped to Germany
under NATO agreements.

MAGNAVOXILS LOCALIZER antenna installed at
London Airport by Standard
Tel2phones and Cable, an ITT associate, is 160 feet wide, twice
standard size. Beam is only 4 degrees wide. With its aid, the firstcompletely automatic landing in
fog has been made at the airport,
ITT says.
electronics

a

a..11

New from Sprague!

Get nearly twice the capacitance of older designs inSprague's new high-gain etched-foil TANTALEX®Capacitors
IMPROVE FILTERING EFFICIENCY WITH NO SACRIFICE IN RELIABILITY, SIZE, OR WEIGHT!

H

1G H CAPACITANCE Tubular Tantalex Capacitors with

Etched-foil Tantalex Capacitors are available in two operat-

almost double the capacitance of standard etched-foil
tantalum capacitors have been developed by the Sprague

ing temperature ranges—polarized Type 112D and non-polar-

Electric Company to meet the needs of design engineers.

polarized Type 122D and non-polarized Type 123D for—55 C to +125 C operation.

ized Type 113D for —55 C to +85 C operation, as well as

A new etching technique, the result of an intensive research
program, gives considerably higher effective surface area to

The Foil-type Tantalex Capacitor Line also includes con-the capacitor electrodes without sacrifice in reliability or in any

ventional low-gain etched-foil and plain-foil capacitors in bothof the electrical parameters by which foil tantalum capacitors
are usually judged.

polarized and non-polarized construction, providing a foil
tantalum capacitor for every application.

Unlike other "high capacitance" foil tantalums, Sprague

1:11=SP1IGUE D

Tantalex Capacitors continue to maintain their rigid standards
for shelf and service life under severe environmental condi-

For complete technical data on 85 C capacitors, request

tions. Certain performance characteristics have actually been

Engineering Bulletin 3601B. For the full story on capacitorsfor 125 C operation, write for Engineering Bulletin 3602B.

tightened. For example, allowable leakage current has now
been halved, making the use of these capacitors possible inmany new applications.

SPRAGUE

Address

Technical

CAPACITORSINTERFERENCE FILTERS

HIGH

PULSE TRANSFORMERSCERAMIC-BASE

MAGNETIC COMPONENTSTEMPERATUREMAGNET

PRINTEDWIRE

NETWORKSPIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS

PACKAGED COMPONENT ASSEMBLIESRESISTORSPULSE-FORMING NETWORKSFUNCTIONAL DIGITAL CIRCUITSMICRO CIRCUITSTOROIDAL INDUCTORSELECTRIC WAVE FILTERS

February

Section,SpragueElectric

COMPONENTS

TRANSISTORS

AS•40.1

Literature

Company, 35 Marshall Street, North Adams, Massachusetts.

SPRAGUE®
THE MARK OF RELIABILITY'Sprague and 'CY are registered trademarks of the Sprague Electric Co,

15,

1963

CIRCLE

9 ON READER SERVICE

CARD

9

IN NEW KODAK CA VIERAS... the Motormatic 35F and Automatic 35F ... power for operationof built-in flash units is suppl ed by
Mallory Mn -9100 "N" size cells,
which have exceptionally highenergy in tiny size, and holc theircapacity when left idle in the camera for long periods of time.

Design extra customer appeal into your products
PORTABLE RECORDER
made by Emœe Electronics. Inc.,
uses a Mallory Mercury RM-42R
battery to deliwer 0.2 mil a-r pcontinuous to the bridge c rcuit
and a Mallorí Mercury RM-12R
battery as a precise reference voltage source fcr the starda -dizing
circuit. Stable output of -hese batteries minimizes need for standardization o the circ Jit, helps
assure accuracy of rneasu-e rents.
Expected life is ayear o- ncre.

10electronics

rated for maximum drains of 10, 15, 50 and 250 milli-

NEW RECHARGEABLE MERCURY BATTERIES

amperes. Nominal output is 1.2 volts per cell. Flat voltage time discharge characteristic. Supplied with solid-state

A different kind of sealed reciargeable battery... canhold its full charge for a year or more, has high primarycapacity and can be recharged for at least 100 cycles.
Self-vented, non-leaking. Four cell sizes, with recharge
capacities of 70, 120, 300 and 500 milliampere-hours,

self-regulating trickle charge circuit. Also available as complete, UL-approved power capsule for charging from 110 volt AC outlet.

with high-performance Mallory Batteries
Miniaturization ...convenience ...reliability ...
these are sales-boosting values that you can build into
your new products, by using Mallory Batteries.
Leader in development and manufacture of highperformance batteries, Mallory has a broad range ofbattery systems that may help you generate new ideas
in the use of packaged power:
Mallory Mercury Batteries ... especially useful in low
to moderate drain electronic circuits; 3 to 4times moreenergy per unit volume and more milliampere-hour life
than ordinary batteries; shelf life of 6 years or more.
They're unique in their ability to deliver steady voltage
throughout their long life. No-load output voltage isconstant to ± W7,.. In many sizes, including miniature
types small as an aspirin tablet.
Mallory Manganese Batteries ... new alkaline system

for medium and high drain service; dependability andshelf life comparable to Mallory Mercury Batteries;
service life far greater than ordinary batteries in photographic, lighting, motor drive and similar applications.
Many standard cell types.
Rechargeable Mercury Batteries... a new kind of
renewable power source with exceptional performance.
Solidione Solid State Batteries... high voltage inminiature size, extremely long storage life ...for microampere drains.
Mercury-Zinc Carbon Batteries ... long-life systemespecially useful in cordless clocks and other low drain
service.
Write today for technical data, and for a consultation
on your requirements.

Mallory Battery Company
North Tarrytown, N.Y.

MALLORY

Mallory Battery Company of Canada Limited, Clarkson, Ontario
Mallory Batteries, Ltd., Crawley, England
February

15,

CIRCLE 11 ON READER SERVICE CARD

1963
•

11

WASHINGTON THIS WEEKPENTAGON IS
STUDYING ITSCONTRACTORS'
WELL-BEING

ASW DESTROYER
MAJOR R&D
TASK FOR NAVYFCC ORGANIZESUHF BROADCAST
ADVISORY PANELPENTAGON is preparing a "comprehensive white paper" on theimpact of government procurement policies on the defense and spaceindustries. It will define fundamental issues to be ironed out by the Defense Department and industry over the next decade.
Among the key questions: How to preserve maximum private enterprise for companies essentially in a "captive" industry with one customer? What earnings level will sustain a healthy industrial base?
How to absorb major changes in development and production programs
resulting from technology, global politics, even disarmament?
Assistant Defense Secretary Thomas Morris, in charge of DOD logistics policy, plans to use the paper as a long-range agenda for Defense
Industry Advisory Council meetings.

ANTISUBMARINE-WARFARE destroyer escort proposed by
Navy would be designed from the keel up for ASW service—the first
Navy ship so designed and the first new class of Navy vessels in many
years. It would be crammed with electronic equipment. Navy plans
to devote a significant part of its fiscal 1964 R&D effort to the ship.
First prototype and the program are to be called Sea Hawk.

INDUSTRY ADVISORY GROUP will help FCC deal with problems in developing uhf broadcasting. To be organized at the National
Association of Broadcasters' convention in Chicago next month, thegroup signifies FCC eagerness to avoid in uhf the painful experiencesof early f-m broadcasting. The group, headed by Commissioner Robert
E. Lee, will provide a "continuing forum," allowing FCC to take timely
action on uhf problems. An early objective will be to encourage industry and the public to think of an "all-channel" tv system, instead of
uhf and vhf.
Industry cooperation—led by EIA—on all-channel tv set questions
pleased FCC. EIA is expected to play akey role again, but the new groupwill be broadly based, including NAB, the Association for Competitive
Broadcasting, educational broadcasting associations, tv networks and"others who believe they could contribute." The organization has JusticeDepartment approval on antitrust grounds, but must stick to general
problems.

AIR FORCE'S buy of McDonnell Aircraft's F4H Phantom II tacti-

AIR FORCE
BUYS 1,000
NAVY PLANES

cal fighter (F-110) will total more than 1,000 planes over a five-year
period and cost some $2 billion. Navy is also buying several hundred
more.
Fire control equipment on the Air Force and Navy versions is expected
to differ. One important mission, in the Air Force, will be supporting
ground troops, putting stress on air-to-surface capabilities. Navyhas "optimized" air-to-air fire control for intercepter missions.
Air Force selected the Navy-developed plane last year and has justreceived first deliveries. Electronic subcontractors include Texas Instruments, Bendix, Litton Industries, General Electric, Hydon Manufacturing and Electronic Specialty.

12electronics

Signetics offers three ways to planar integrated circuits:

STANDARD
DTL
logic
circuits

variFEBS®
customized
digital or
linear circuits

off-the-shelf

preFEBS®
ustom digitalor linearcircuits

8weeks

We can give you immed ate deliver/on any of our standard 0rcuits. Ourstandard line includes: NAND/NOR
Gate, Buffer, Multi-Purpos.a Flip -Flor,
Diode Array, and Exclusive-OR Network. Each of these circils provides
amaximum noise rejection and thehighest speed possible cm low powEr
consumption. And each is aproductof the most refined deg -re of planer
technology today. Your choice of
TO-5 can or flat modular packaging.
Write for complete detairs: 680 West
Maude Avenue, Sunnyval3, California.

This is the quickest and most economical way to get integrated circuits
made to meet your requirements.
Here's how it works. Take any of ourstandard circuits. (They all have 500
MC transistors, 3nsec diodes, 60 pf
capacitors, and resistors up to 20
K.) And redesign the interconnection
patterns. Then we'll integrate yourinterconnection patterns onto thesilicon chip. Your choice of TO-5
can or flat modular packaging. Writefor complete details to: 680 West
Maude Avenue, Sunnyvale, California.

Here's the newest concept in integated cirants. You design your own
linear or digital circuit. Breadboard
it with incividually packaged transistors, resistors, diodes and capacitorsfrom our stock. (These components
have their associated parasitic capacitance and will duplicate thE
performance in the final integratec
circuit.)Tien return the circuit to us
And we'll integrate it. Your choice cr:
TO-5 can or flat modular packaging.
Write for complete details: 680 West
Maude Avenue, Sunnyvale, CaliforniE.

SIGNETICS INTEGRATED CIRCUITSSIGNETICS INTEGRATED CIRCUITSSIGNETICS INTEGRATED CIRCUS

CIRCLE 13 ON READER SERVICE CARD

MDclds advertises:
how to look around in the tunnel...sweetness and light through capacitance...
what a good fighter's buttons are likeCosmic film from France
The cobblestones seen inthis electron micrographare grains of silver halide
sticking up out of agelatin
matrix. Very smart for
extra-terrestrial use. Bearin mind the photographic
conditions out there.
During the earthboundchildhood of our race, wehave been saying "ultraviolet" for radiation shorter in wavelength than what ourparticular natural-born sensing device happens to be tuned
to. When at last we venture out from under the air blanket
and note the ambience of the universe, we see what aspecial
case is the life we have led. The color of the cosmos is notconfined to an octave centered about the dominant hue ofgreen cheese.
Even as we sing out in exultation, however, we must remindourselves that all matter is opaque below about 2000A andthat the tunnel is long and dark all the way to x-rayland; foreverything animal, vegetable, mineral, or gaseous is prone toelectron transitions.
The light in your eyes, of course, goes out at around 3800A,
but any silver halide photographic material will get you down
to 2500À. The next 500A is sticky: you spread afluorescent oilover the emulsion to convert the energy to awavelength longenough to penetrate the gelatin. Below 2000A this stratagem
poops out because even the oil robs you. At this point many
years ago a spectroscopist named Victor Schumann had thebright idea of eroding gelatin away with H2SO4 to uncover
the halide crystals. This worked fine. Schumann plates also
proved useful for registering the focused ions in Aston's earlymass spectrographs.
About 15 years ago we improved on Schumann plates by atechnique that left only enough gelatin to keep the grainsapart, as seen above. We call the product KODAK SWR Plates
and still recommend it unless you need high sensitivity sodesperately that neither granularity nor price can stand inyour way. In that event we can arrange to import for you
some 180mm x 35mm strips of film from Kodak-Pathé. Ourclever French cousins have developed avery tricky centrifugal
coating technique that permits them to paste down muchlarger halide crystals than the SWR kind, resulting in le film
TYPE SC5 (environ 10 fois la sensibilité du film S.W.R. vers
1200À).
If $108 for 24 such strips is not out of scale with the magnitude ofyour thinking, get in touch on this matter with Eastman Kodak Company, Special Sensitized Products Division, Rochester 4, N. Y. If
you need nothing more special than anew free booklet entitled "Kodak
Materials for Emission Spectrography," same address still applies.

Electric sugar, $5 per lb.
A mighty industry breaks down the sugar molecule in theinterests of conviviality. Use of the sugar molecule as a basefor further building is little practiced, except by us. (We do it in
the northeast corner of a state which respects the venerable
craft that works the other way.)
And what is achieved thereby?
A high dielectric constant, alarge increase in the capacitanceof an electrical condenser compared with when there is nothing
between the plates.
Obviously, the manufacturers of capacitors and of electroluminescent panels have had to be notified. We find theminterested and alert.
We divert a little sucrose from coffee breaks and react it
14with acrylonitrile, forming a clear, viscous liquid designatedCyanoethyl Sucrose in which astatistical 7.3 of the 8availablehydroxyls are replaced by 0C2H4CN groups. At 60 cycles thissubstance has a dielectric constant of 38 and competes withother cyanoethylated dielectrics at 11-19 and with chlorinatedaromatic hydrocarbons at 4-6. (The dielectric constant ofwater runs around 80, but water is such watery stuff!)
Other invidious comparisons:
Cyanoethyl
Sucroseother cyanoethylated
dielectrics

chlorinatedaromatics(development)$5$1242715c-25cdissipation factor(25°C, 60 cycles)

0.010

0.17 -2.7< 0.1

volume resistivity(25°C, ohm-cm)

5 x 10"3.6 x 10 ,> 5 x 1012

cost per lb.

Request an 8-ounce sample of Cyanoethyl Sucrose and adata sheet
from Eastman Chemical Products, Inc., Kingsport, Tenn. (Subsidiaryof Eastman Kodak Company).

A more constant constant
They shall beat their swords into plowshares andtheir spears into pruning hooks. Nation shall not
up sword against nation. Neither shall theylearn war any more.
— ISAIAHe

Lockheed is very proud of its F- 104 Starfighter. At a recent
U. S. Air Force Fighter Weapons Meet at Nellis AFB, Nev.,an F-104 (C model) outflew, outgunned, and outbombed all
13 of its competitors.
Lockheed has given us permission to disclose that the F-104
carries a 19.25mm hemisphere of KODAK IRTRAN 2 Optical
Material on the flat face of which we deposit by a uniquemethod a4mm x4mm film of lead sulfide to which leads areattached. This kind of infrared sensor we call a KODAK EKTaoN Detector, Type Q-5, Modified. The hemisphere has been
made also out of another high-index infrared-transmitting
material, strontium titanate. Replacement of this by I
RTRAN
2material seems to make the time constant of the detector—
which is about 250 µsec at 25°C—more stable over long
periods with less effect from storage conditions. Also, thedark resistance stays put better. Therefore the s/n drifts less.
Incidentally, signal and noise levels are both high, which
lessens the demands on the associated circuitry. (NEP, however, is less than 6.7 x 10' 11 watts for 600°C radiation chopped
at 2500 cycles/sec over a 1cycle/sec bandwidth.)
We mention high index. We are rather pleased at having itin the record that some years ago we suggested to the brethrenthat the same principle that makes an oil-immersion microscope objective resolve more detail than the best dry objective
could also be worked for another purpose in the infrared
game. Putting the detector film on the high-index hemisphereflat boosts the signal by 3.4X.
Safe as the F-104 makes us feel as we sit before our hearths, we'dfeel even safer if we had more sales outlets for these buttons than justone make of airplane. We sure would like it if it turned out, in linewith the prophet's beautiful allusion to old iron, that an entirely different use were found in addition for Type Q-5 detectors. Eastman
Kodak Company, Special Products Division, Rochester 4, N. Y. canhelp you think about that.
Prices subject to change without notice.

If you like, we can send you a pocket reference book that may
help you and us achieve mutually beneficial contact through the
bewildering variety of other products we make. Address Eastman
Kodak Company, Dept. 8, Rochester 4, N. Y. It is a tiny bit out of
date, but that can't be helped. (Everybody dies a little each day.)electronics

STACKPOLE proved in service!
When it comes to stringent service requirements,
Stackpole measures up! Designed to meet or exceed
every MIL-R-11

requirement,

Stackpole

Coldite70+ Fixed Composition Resistors bring in addition
extra load life, and moisture and humidity resistanceto a host of industrial applications.
For Extra Dependability, we mold Coldite 70+
resistance elements and outer insulating shells ofsimilar materials. A completely new process thenforms them into asolid, homogeneous structure that
defiescatastrophic

failureorerratic

resistancechanges in severe environments.

Easiest of All to Solder by Dip or Iron, Coldite
70+ Resistors are unequaled for production line
efficiency. They're the only resistors, whose leads
are solder dipped — not once, but twice —besides
the usual tin coating. That's why leads stay smoothand tarnish-free even after months in storage.
Today's Best-Looking Resistors, Coldite 70+
combine handsome, glossy finish and uniform, easilyread color codes. Their attractive appearance easily
survives scrubbing with solvents. They're available
in MIL-R-11 Type RC-20 (1/ watt), Type RC-32
2(1-watt), and Type RC-42 (2-watt) in all standard
resistance values and at ordinary resistor prices.

STACKPOLE

Electronic Components Division
STACKPOLE

CARBONCOMPANY
St. Marys, Penna.

abfixed composition

CERAMAG* FERRITECERAMIC MAGNETSELECTRICAL CONTACTS

February

15,

1963

RESISTORS

CORES•-• VARIABLE COMPOSITION RESISTORS• SLIDE & SNAP SWITCHES• CERAMAGNETb• FIXED COMPOSITION CAPACITORS• BRUSHES FOR ALL ROTATING ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT• GRAPHITE BEARINGS, SEAL RINGS, ANODES• HUNDREDS OF RELATED CARBON & GRAPHITE PRODUCTS.
CIRCLE

15ON

READERSERVICE

CARD

15

MORE VERSATILE THANEVER

ePEEDIPMICRO-CIRCUIT JIG AND MASK CHANGER

MULTIPLII
VAPOR
SOURCEThe micro-circuit jig is complete with asix-position vapor source, enabling six 2"
square substrates to be coated with six different materials
using six different masks.
The jig is also provided with two substrate heaters, one topreheat the substrate to 150°C. and the second to raise thetemperature of the substrate in the evaporation position to
300°C. Resistance monitor pick-up points are provided andseparate resistance monitor and automatic source shutter canbe provided.
Standard EDWARDS patented glow discharge cleaning rings
are supplied with the jig, along with the rotating six-position
vapor source.
The accuracy of registration of each successive mask in contact with agiven substrate is within ±0.001".

VACUUM
COATING
UNIT
Following are listed some of the special features supplied as standard fittings in the
EDWARDS 19E6 evaporator.
Stainless Steel Bell Jar, Viton Gasketting, Six
Position Vapor Source, Substrate Heater,
Motor Driven Rotary Substrate Holder, Glow
Discharge Cleaning, Ultimate Vacuum with
LN 2 trap

2 x 10Torr.

The "Speedivac - Omegatron Mass Spectrometer analyzer delivers quantitative and qualitative data of minute quantities
of residual gases and vapors in vacuum systems. Its bakeable
small volume head (80cc ) is an integral part of the systemand permits achievement of ultra high vacuum. In addition toplatinum iridium electrodes which can be readily outgassed
and arranged in stock structure for precise alignment, the unit
provides the following characteristics: High Sensitivity •Extended Range • Excellent Resolving Power • Rapid
Response, Linear Scan • Pressure Measurement Independent of Gas Composition • High Sensitivity Leak
Detection •Simple Construction
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONSFast reliable pump downs are, of course, afeature of all EDWARDS evaporators.
Write for your free technical reprints, written
by members of our research stall on "ThinFilms and Ultra High Vacuum Techniques."
EDWARDS HIGHOMEGATRON-MASS
SPECTROMETER

Range

Mass 2-200

Resolution

Complete separation of adjacent peaks to mass 32 andSensitivity

The unit's high sensitivity enables the analysis of residual

very good separation to mass 60.

gases in the range 10-6 to 10 1 Torr.
Response Time

5 to 30 minutes depending on scanning system.

VACUUM INC. / 2279 GRAND ISLAND BLVD., GRAND ISLAND, N.Y.

MANUFACTURERS OF THE MOST COMPLETE LINE OF HIGH VACUUM COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS16

CIRCLE

16 ON READER SERVICE CARD

electronics

smallchangefOUR.LAYER INTEGRATED CIRCUIT ANO LOGIC MODULE CARRIER

Small change? Yes—but it guarantees big performance. This little board is one sample of
our leadership in the field of precision multilayer circuitry. It costs just about what you see here.
Why not send us your requirements?

CINCH-GRAPHIKDIVISION OF

UNITED-CARR

FASTENERCORPORATION

200 South Turnbull Canyon Road, City of Industry (Los Angeles), California • Phone (Area Code 213) 333-1201
Offices in 22 Principal Cities throughout United States, Canada, England and Australia listed under Cinch Mfg. Co.
Cr United-Carr Fastener Corporation • Cinch • Ucinite • Monadnock Mills • Howard B. Jones • Palnut

February

15,

1963

CIRCLE 17 ON READER SERVICE CARD•

17

UNDERSEA TRANSMITTERS TO
LOCATE MISSILE IMPACTS
Sound signals will

Later, navigational satellites likeTransit can give more precise locations.

link hydrophones toship instrumentation

NETWORKS—Two networks areplanned for the Star system.
The Broad Ocean Area (BOA)

By JOHN W. WASIKMcGraw-Hill World Newsnet for large-area location of missile impacts will work with soundfixing and ranging (sofar) bombs
carried aboard reentering nose
cones
or
instrument
packages.
Ejected on impact, the bombs will
explode about 3,000 feet deep.
The smaller array, known as a"splash net," can detect the splash
and resulting sound propagation of
an impact and does not need a sofar bomb. It will pinpoint impacts
in preselected target areas.
Both nets will consist of about
five units in arrays several miles indiameter. Units will have ship-positioning transponders as well as impact locaters. When interrogated bya range vessel, the transponders
will emit an acoustic signal so theship can orient itself to the array.
The range vessel will be able toturn each individual unit on andoff, interrogate the ship positioning
transponders and command a unit
to surface by actuating an explo-

CAPE CANAVERAL—A new selfcontained missile-impact-location
system, remotely controlled by anattending range vessel, will be
tried on the Atlantic Missile Range.
Impact-sensing arrays, anchoredto the sea floor, are to receive andtransmit data acoustically, eliminating cable links to land stations.
Bendix-Pacific is developing thesystem, known as Star (for Ship
Tended Acoustic Relay) under a$1-million Air Force contract. Estimated operational date if the system works as expected is March
1964. Systems are being tested off
the island of Eleuthera.
Once the Star system arrays arein position, AMR will be capable ofcovering vast expanses of oceanarea, such as the South Atlantic
and Indian Oceans, never covered
before. Array locations will be determined by navigation methods.

IMPACTSUB SURFACE BUOYSOFAR HYDROPHONE
3
SOFAR BOMB
DETONATION2

7 eN4 „„ecessis-s ,e,0
4/
1
SEQUENCE:

e'9:
%
••'‘

12,000 FEET

C3';›

\.?

4

‘'\

SOFAR SIGNAL Li''"PROJECTOR L-1
SHIP
POSITIONING
TRANSPONDER

Ae

pcD

8- SHIP-POSITIONING TRANSPONDER REPLIES
1-IMPACT
2-SOFAR BOMB DETONATION

8

3-HYDROPHONE PICKS UP AND
AMPLIFIES ACOUSTIC SIGNALBATTERY PACKOCEAN FLOOR

18

A- SHIP INTERROGATESPOSITIONING TRANSPONDER

4-PROJECTOR RECEIVESSIGNAL AND RETRANSMITS
5-SHIP RECEIVES SIGNAL

TWO
ACOUSTIC
SIGNAL paths
are used.
One gives
ship's position
relative toarray andthe other gives
impact-location
signals

sive cutters that severs the cable.
BROAD AREA NET—Componentsof each BOA Net unit will be ona vertical cable, as illustrated.
The transponder, about 100 feetabove bottom, will receive an
acoustic signal from the vessel andrespond acoustically on a different
frequency. Time delay will indicate
distance between ship and transponder. Interrogation of all units,each on a different frequency, will
give ship position relative to the •array, within an error of 500 feetat a range of 15 nautical miles.
SOFAR TRANSDUCER—The sofar transducer (hydrophone andamplifying equipment) will be positioned in the sound-channel axisof the ocean (an approximately
horizontal plane usually at an average depth of 3,000 feet) permitting
detection of a sofar bomb detonation several hundred miles away.
The acoustic signal received by
the hydrophones is converted into
an electrical signal by a piezoelectric device, amplified and sent about
9,000 feet down the cable to a
projector. The projector reconverts
the signal and emits it on a different acoustic frequency.
These signals and those from theship-positioning transponders (alsoon different frequencies), are recorded with time signals aboard
ship. Measurement of signal timedelays and triangulation give impact location within miles.
The sofar transponders will also
serve for ship-positioning.
The smaller Target Array net
will have essentially the sameequipment as the BOA net. However, the impact-location hydrophone
will be only 300 feet from the projector. The hydrophones will detect
the splash of impacts close to thenet. Location accuracy will bewithin an error of 600 feet within
10 nautical miles of the array
center.
electronics

CON
REC

DIPLEXER

the
Last Word in

XMTRREADOUT COMMANDRESET COMMANDHYDROPHON
NO.1

AMPL
AND RECT

PULSE
GEN

17-BIT BINARY
COUNTER
2.5KC

HYDROPHONO.?

BUOY ELECTRONIC system operates on digital commands
from the shipboard system. Binary counters (one for each hydrophone) provide a precise timing signal.

MOH
SPgD

printer systems

Hydrophones Will Track Subs
Experimental system
will transmit toship 10,000 yards away

LOS ANGELES—An experimental,
deep-water,submarine detection
and tracking system has been installed in an undersea canyon off
the Atlantic Coast.
Called Taut Array, the system
was built by Martin for the Navyto evaluate an underwater tracking
system being considered for Project Autec, the Atlantic Undersea
Test and Evaluation Center (ELECTRONICS, p 7, Jan. 4)
A report on the system, called
Taut Array, was given here two
weeks ago at the IRE military electronics conference, by I. G. Raudsep
and W. C. Silbert, of Martin.
ARRAY STRUCTURE—The system consists of three verticalstrings of hydrophones 2to 5 miles
apart, linked by electronic systems
in surface buoys to a data-processing system aboard ship.
Each hydrophone is an anchoredsubmarine cable into which six hydrophones are integrated at depthsof about 225, 500, 1,000, 3,900, 4,200 and 4,650 feet. A main subsurface buoy 150 feet deep holds
the array taut while an auxiliary
buoy 50 feet down carries a seventhhydrophone.
February

15,

1963

The 7 hydrophones, each a transducer and a transistor preamplifier, have individual transmission
lines to the surface.
DATA PROCESSING—The location of the ship is determined bymeasuring the travel time of an
acoustic signal between a ship's
projector and each hydrophone invertical arrays. Maximum range
from any array is 10,000 yards.
An r-f pulse transmitted at uhf
from the shipboard system starts
seven 17-bit binary counters in eachbuoy counting a precise timing signal transmitted from the ship.
On board, received data is modified for input to a multichannel
tape recorder or digital computer.
The basic data word is a 17-bit
word received from each counterin the buoys.

Japan EIA Predicts
16.3% Production Rise
1.01'1(0—Japan Electronics Industry
Association predicts Japan will produce $1,834-million worth of electronics in fiscal 1963 (April, 1963,
through March, 1964). This is 16.3
percent more than in fiscal 1962.
JEIA said production of industrial
electronics will increase 24.8 percent and consumer goods 12.7 percent. Entertainment electronics will
total $970 million including, $533.3
million for tv sets, up 5percent, and$235 million for radios, an increase of 14.4 percent.

C:do "T" r E F2
theLP -1200

SYSTEM

provides:I LOW COST BUFFER STORAGE ...
Computer proven Magnetostrictive
Delay Lines are compatible with thefastest computer systems.

NEW DELAY LINE AMPLIFIER ...
Peak Detection circuit improves
reliability at higher frequencies.

II QUALITY HIGH SPEED PRINT-OUT

Vacuum Paper control, coupled withhigh speed paper feed produces
clean, sharp impressions.

II HUMAN ENGINEERING provides...
quick, front paper loading, ease of
ribbon change, access to drum andhammers, convenient operating
controls.

III ADDITIONAL FEATURES...
non-wearing Elastomeric torsion
bearings assure long hammer life;
low inertia drive belts minimize
clutch and brake wear.

12 WEEK DELIVERYTo learn how the Potter LP-1200 Printer
System can reduce the cost of yourcomputer time, write to the General
Manager, Printer Division, today.

POTTER INSTRUMENT CO., INC.
PRINTER DIVISION

East Bethpage Road • Plainview, New YorkCIRCLE 19 ON READER SERVICE CARD

19

FOR VERY SMALL HOLES

ièr

U r
tkei.

DOWN TO
1/
1000

INCH

and SMALLER,
TE.viN;MICRO DRILL PRESSES are sensitive
because there are no sliding quills andsplines to cause drag. They are accurate because the precisionpreloaded ball bearing spindle is made to hold Levin WW Style
Collets. For drilling holes from ½th inch down to 1/1000 inch andsmaller look to Levin for the finest in Micro-Drilling equipment.

Send for Drill Catalog TodayLOUIS LEVIN & SON, INC.
3573-1 Hayden Avenue•

Culver City, California

CIRCLE 201 ON READER SERVICE CARD

WHAT

do you wantlacing cords and tapes
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•Tie fister, easier, tighter!

HEM INWAr&BARTLETT• Xncet: that don't slip!
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NYLON and DACRON CORDS
and FLAT BRAIDED TAPES

nichioontE.I.kCIROI.TTIC CAPACITOR --,1001,eo 300•4 FlE0 1.2.1«\•41%,-ACY.

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Nichicon research and experience assures remarkable strength and stability in all its capacitors.
Nichicon produces a complete line of capacitors
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give you all these advantages

MAIN PRODUCTS: Oil Paper Capacitor,
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In addition — they meet Govt. Spec. MIL T-713B.
Available in wax-coated, wax-free or G. E." Finish.

Write for free samples

THE HEMINWAY & BARTLETT MFG. CO.
Electronics Division: 500 Ftth Aseiue, 'dew York 36, N.Y.

Metallized Paper Capacitor, Ceramic Capacitor, Mica Capacitor and Mylar Capacitor, etc.

Nichicon Capacitor Ltd •HEAD OFFICE

Uehara Bldg., Oikedori, Karasumahigashi-iru
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CABLE ADDRESSCAPACITOR KYOTO

I
OD(li

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More easily made with CambioW
There are more than 15,000 standard electronic components in the
CAMBION line, including terminals, terminal boards, insulated terminals, coil forms, coils, capacitors, connectors, chokes, computer components and hardware. They are immediately available from stock andso reliable, they are unconditionally guaranteed in any quantity. When
it's time to decide, choose CAMBION. You can't go wrong. Write for our
new full-line Catalog. Cambridge
Thermionic Corporation, 437 Concord Ave., Cambridge 38, Mass.
STANDARDIZE

February

15,

1963

ON

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ELECTRONICCOMPONENTSCIRCLE 21 ON READER SERVICE CARD

21

FILTER DESIGNERS!

Shell Mounting
BracketINDIANA GENERALTEMPERATURE COMPENSATED
CUP CORE ASSEMBLIES OFFER
YOU ALL THESE ADVANTAGES:
1 Sevensizes (International.599" to 1.425" O.D.

2
3
4

Series)from

Temperature Stable
FERRAMIC® Cup Core

Bobbin in 1, 2, or
3-Section Types

stock

Frequencies — 1kc to 1.5 mc.

Cores Shipped as
Matched Pairs with
Precision-Ground Air Gap"Q" values to 800.
Standard Gapped Inductance Values 40 to 1,000
MH/1000 turns.

5
6

Unmatched temperature stability.

7

Complete test specifications
curves available.

Available in complete assemblies with trimmer forminimum of 12% adjustment.
andperformance

Trimmer AssemblySpecify Indiana General TC cup core assemblies next time you order. Wireor call for price and delivery information to Indiana General Corporation,
Electronics Division, Keasbey, New Jersey, for complete performance curves
and specifications. Request Bulletin 28
At>

T C CORESINDIANA GENERAL u.
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teteeeeleee
FERRITES,22

CIRCLE 22 ON READER SERVICE CARDMEMORYPRODUCTSPERMANENTMAGNETSMINIATURE
MOTORSMEMORYPRODUCTS
electronics

Only 1RC Fixed Composition Resistors offer

6 WAYS TO CUT ASSEMBLY COSTS
HERE'S WHY ... IRC MIL-R-11 resistors are available
m 6 forms of packaging. Whether you use high speed inserting
machines or solder resistors individually, there is a packaging
form to simplify your production procedure.
AMMO PAK. 10,000 resistors on continuous lead tape.
4) BODY TAPE REEL. Bodies held by pressure sensitive
tape.
GRIP REEL. IRC exclusive; no adhesive, indexed forautomation.
• LEAD TAPE REEL. Leads held by pressure sensitive tape.
A GRIP STRIP. IRC exclusive; no adhesive, spill-proof,
easy release.
ORIENTED BULK. Neatly oriented resistors withstraight leads.
IRC Fixed Composition Resistors offer significant savings incounting, handling, stocking and assembling. Write for Packaging
Bulletin. International Resistance Co., Philadelphia 8, Pa.

PERFORMANCE ADVANTAGESOoO

February

15,

1963

IRC Type GBT's also provide• Ranges to 100.000 mephitis• Superior high frequency characteristics• Outstanding load life
• Better resistance-temperature characteristics• Greater moisture protection• Stronger termunation• Weldable leads

CIRCLE 23 ON READER SERVICE CARD

23

Who can deliver the most complete line of poriable instrumentation recorders?

And what a line it is. There's a portable for medical, forindustria:, for research applications, for rugged applications —for almost every data acquisition need. And there's
a price to fit almost every budget. Behind each recorderstands the name of Ampex —to assure you true instrumentation performance all the time. On the top, above: the lowcost SP-300. It has four speeds, four tracks, push-button
selection for FM or Direct recording, plus built-ir attenuation, monitoring, calibration and erase. In the m odie is the
FR-1300. It offers 14 tracks, 300 cps to 300 KC capability on Direct, DC to 20 KC on FM and six speeds precisely controlled by a unique servo-driven capstan. On the24

C'RCLE 24 ON READER SERVICE CARD

AMPEX

bottom: the rugged CP-100. It records Direct, FM-Carrier
and PDM. Has aclosed loop drive, six standard speeds, 14
tracks, a frequency response of up to 250 KC on Direct,
down to DC on FM. And it operates on almos: any sourceof power— including batteries. In other words, Ampex
has a portable line so complete you can pick a recorder
to fit your needs instead of having to modify your requirements to fit the recorder. For more information write theonly company providing recorders, tapes and core memory
devices for every application: Ampex Corp., 934 Charter
St., Redwood City, Calif. Term financing and
AMPEX
leasing available. Worldwide sales and service.
electronics

VACUUM-PACKAGING (10 1°) WIT

Design engineeis are using Coats high-strength, vacuum-tight Be() ceramics as
acw material far high-temperature, hermetic assemblies—envelopes and windcws—as we:1 as for heat sinks. Consistently wacuum-tight, 10- 10 ,Coors Besyllia is available ir several compositions. They can bc memlized and brazed using conventional
techniques, making them readily adaptable to a wide range of ceramic-metal
designs_ High :mat transfer prcperties of Coors Beryllia (better than yellow brass)give ypu new latitude for designing assemblies that are smaller and/or higier
powered. Other physical properties equal or excel those of Coors high alumina
ecram_cs. Wr€ for data sheet 9501, send your drawings for quotations, or callpour rarest :Coors Regional ailes Manager: W EST COAST, WiiitaID S. Smith, Jr., EM 64129,
Redwood City, C:1i..; M IDWEST, John E. MarozecJc, 529-2510, Roselle, 111.; CENTRAL, Donald Dobbins,
CL 4-951.§. Canto- ,Ohio; EAST COAST, oh,' J. McManus. MA 7-3996, Manhasset, N. Y.; New ENGLAND,
Warren G. McDo-eild, FR 4-0663, Schenectady, N. E.; SOUTHWEST, Kenneth R.Lundy, DA 7-5716, Dallas,
SouTifwesi:IRCLE

23 ON

Ramsey, 1.4V 4-6369, Eouston, Texas,

BERYLLIA CERAMICS

Typical Beryllium 0<ide Ceramic
Shapes Being roduz.ed by Coors—.026"to .375"OD rods; leigths

C Dorsto 24", in larger diameters.

21 ADER SERVICE CI, 2D

orcela.inCo.,

Golden,Colo.

SIZE REDUCTION. Single board,on opposite page, carrying integrated circuits replaces five printedcircuit boards in present Minuteman computer shown here

Integrated Circuits
Go Operational
Wholesale use in ICBM
will put them on the
shelf for other uses
By HAROLD C. HOOD
Pacific Coast Editor

LOS ANGELES — Long-heralded
swingover by important segmentsof the electronics industry to integrated circuits use (see p 45) seems
assured with the commitment ofmajor portions of the Air Force's
improved Minuteman B missile tothe new technology.
All electronics packages on the
new missile, including guidancecomputer, flight control, and inertia
measuring systems will be microminiature.

Benefits to the missile include aconsiderable increase in range overthe 6,300 miles reported for the operational A model, larger warheadcapability, vastly improved reliability and a tripling of target-hitting
accuracy.
And, wholesale use of the latest
semiconductor microcircuits in the
program, long noted for its emphasis on reliability, should provide a
powerful catalyst for designers onother projects to call out integrated
circuits.
Production contracts for 140,000
integrated circuits have been let byAutonetics division of North American Aviation, associate prime contractor. Initial funding includes$1.2 million to Texas Instruments,$300,000 to Westinghouse, and8300,000 to RCA. These, plus fol-

low-on contracts being drawn up,
represent more dollars than all previous production orders combined.
Initial deliveries were last month.
Systems are to be tested this year
and first launch of acompleted bird
is expected during 1965.
CIRCUITS ORDERED — Approximately 20 different circuit types,
mostly digital for the missile's guidance computer, are being made.
Texas Instruments will produce
about 80,000 semiconductor networks including flip-flops, high-gain
NAND gates, output drivers, gatedwrite switches and demodulator
choppers. Westinghouse will be asecond source for many of these.
Among RCA circuits will be a new
power switch. Eventually, each supplier can supply the entire line.

VI

r-

C.250

<
11(
i•-0.050

H— 0.125 H

0.035

TYPICAL CIRCUIT for Minuteman computer is thisflip-flop. Elements are formed in silicon by the passivatedplanar process. True state of the flip-flop is defined as Q.
not conducting and Q. conducting
26

cer4=

OUTSIDE DIMENSIONS of most of the integrated
circuits are by inch. This may represent asize reduction as high as 20 to 30, compared to present Minuteman
circuits composed of discrete components
electronics

SOME THIN FILMS—Circuits notsuited to integrated circuit techniques, primarily the more precise
analog circuits and power supplies,
will be ceramic-wafer printed circuits (CPC's) carrying thin-filmpassive elements, micropackaged active elements, or integrated circuit
elements.
In some cases an integrated-circuit amplifier is mounted on a CPC
with external discrete components
and serves as an oscillator or trigger as well.
Circuits requiring
matched transistors are generally
CPC.
C. P. Ballard, chief engineer ofAutonetics' Minuteman division,
says half as many integrated
circuit elements as discrete components are used throughout the missile, and the average integrated circuit has the equivalent of 10 to 20
discrete components.
Guidance computer for the new
bird weighs considerably less thanits predecessor. Memory capacity
is doubled to handle check-out
chorespreviously
relegatedtoground support equipment and to
upgrade operational capability.
About a tenth of the integrated
circuits ordered will wind up in
ground support equipment.
COST WILL DROP—One Autonectics official indicates that first
circuit ordered will cost about twicethat of its discrete component counterpart. Cost of the two should be
about equal in follow-on contracts
and should cost far less next year,
he says.
A reliable source told ELECTRONICS that a typical first-batch integrated-circuit would cost $100 to$150, while the comparable discrete
component circuit costs slightly over$50.
February

15, 1963

these are theImainreasons
why you will

chooseVVESTON-ROCHAR• All solid state• High crystal stability
mg High input sensitivity
lo Maximum count capacity• Low consumption
im AC or DC power supply• Cabinet or standard rack mounting• Direct reading on the counter• Direct recording from the counter• Wide temperature range

COUNTERS

even when connected to
H.F. converters operating at any frequency.

• Shock and vibration tests• A great number of additional
accessories (plug-in,transducers, ...) extending the range
of applications of the instruments.
For complete specifications, asK :monuluctured by

R

UChar

tit cironique/pDistributed in U.S.A. and Canada by :(N.J.)
for complete information on our line of products and address of
our agency in your country please apply to
ROCHAR-ELECTRONIQUE, 51, rue Racine
MONTROUGE (Seine) FRANCE.

WESTON - Newark

CIRCLE 27 ON READER SERVICE CARD

27

HOW
ARE
YOUR
rr\.
"

AIR FORCE GIVES PRIORITY TO

Satellite Inspector
Air Force hopes to put
men into spacecraft
for command and control

BROOKS AFB, TEXAS—Man will
be needed in a number of military
space missions, Maj. Gen, O. J.
Ritland told industry representatives, scientists and physicians at
the Aerospace Medical meeting
here last week. Ritland is Deputy
to the Commander, Air Force Systems Command, for Manned Space
Flight.
Highest priority for a mannedsystem, Ritland said, is Satellite
Inspector (Saint), a vehicle thatwill rendezvous with hostile satellites, identify, inspect and, if
necessary, destroy them. The unmanned version of this project wasrecently cut back by the Department of Defense (ELECTRONICS, p
18, Dec. 21, 1962) due to lack offunds, plus the decision to update1111r

the system with new improved sensors.
Three other weapon systems In
which man would be avaluable contributor, Ritland said, are: service
capsules to repair complex unmanned satellites and to rescue
stranded astronauts, a commandand control and communications
center located in space, and a system to control and defend sectorsof space vital to national security.
Only practical step, to date, toward realizing these objectives is
the recent NASA-DOD agreement
to collaborate on the two-man
Gemini program. Within a few
days, the Air Force will submit
plans for its participation to aboard consisting of representatives
from the DOD, NASA and USAF.
A space station, housing fromtwo to four men, would be the basic
vehicle needed for the commandand control and communications
center, and for the defense center.
Ritland said such a space station
is within the state of the art. All
that's needed is DOD approval.

Voice of America's New Station(1)o

If they aren't what theyshould be, then you
ought to be specifying
Coaxial Connectors by

Automatic
METAL

PRODUCTSCORPORATION

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CIRCLE28

ON

READERSERVICE

CARD

U. S. INFORMATION AGENCY last week formally inaugurated its shortwave transmitting complex at Greenville, N. C. Station control room
(above) directs 22 transmitters with a total output of 4.8 Mw. Alpha
Continental was prime contractor, Austin Co. and Smith Electronics were
designers
electronics

A new solid state radar system built by STL engineers andscientists can send out and receive signals at X-band fre-

Air Force's Atlas, Titan and Minuteman programs. These

quencies to help man rendezvous and dock vehicles in• Systems Engineering • Radar Systems • Experimental
Physics •Applied Mathematics •Space Communications •space. STELATRAC is its name. It is the first solid statesystem of its kind. The X-band transmitter is shown above.
It has successfully passed temperature and vibration tests.

activities create immediate openings in Theoretical Physics

Antennas and Microwaves • Inertial Guidance • Analog

STELATRAC can also be used as acommand link between

Computers • Solid State Physics • Computer Design •Telecommunications • Space Physics • Digital Computers

vehicles in flight. By altering its module design, the flexible
radar system operates as an altimeter and doppler velocity• Guidance & Navigation • Electromechanical Devices •Engineering Mechanics •Aerodynamics •Propulsion

sensor to guide spacecraft safely to the surface of the moonand planets. Today STL is busy on many such projects as

Systems. For Southern California or Cape Canaveral
positions, write Dr. R. C. Potter,
Department CG-2,

STELATRAC. STL is also prime contractor for NASA's

One Space Park, Redondo Beach, California, or Box
4277, Patrick AFB, Florida. Your inquiry will receive

OGO and anew series of classified spacecraft for Air ForceARPA. And STL continues Systems Management for thea prompt reply. STL is an equal opportunity employer.

SPACE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORIES, INC.
a subsidiary of Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc.
Los Angeles • Vandenberg AFB • Norton AFB, San Bernardino • Cape Canaveral • Washington, D.C. • Boston

February

15,

19o:

• Huntsville • Dayton

29

Limited-War Needs Spur VTOL
Vertical take-off planes
require special radarand stabilization gear
By LEON H. DULBERGER
Associate Editor

ARMY RESEARCH VTOL aircraft uses GE jet engines in Ryan-built
airplane. Jet streams are diverted to turbine edges of lift fans in wingsand nose for vertical take-off and landing

AUGMENTED JET
aircraft, designed for
VTOL operation isshown in conventional
take-off. Lockheed
Aircraft Corp. researchvehicle is undergoingvertical-take-off tests
this year

TILTINGPROPELLER
system is used in
Curtiss-Wright
VTOL aircraft. Fullscale mock up shows
two of the four
props. Speed range
planned is zero athover, 460 mph
in regular flight

VTOL TRANSPORT uses ducted
propellers in artist's
illustration of research aircraft built
by Bell Aerosystems
Co. Speeds to 350
mph in conventional
flight are expectedin this military craft

THE DREAM of aeronautical designers—an aircraft with the vertical-flight ability of the helicopter
and the high forward speeds of conventional craft—is near realization.
Maximum usefulness of VTOL aircraft will be achieved through application of special electronics.
Development programs are now
underway at a host of firms, under
several military contracts, aimed at
evolving operational vertical-takeoff-and-landing (VTOL) aircraft.
The military is expected to inventory VTOL aircraft by 1967.
The need for VTOL airplanes hasgrown out of the tactical demandsof modern warfare. Prime among
these are counter-insurgency operations, where the ability to operate
in rough terrain is mandatory andthe relatively low speeds of the helicopter are prohibitive. VTOL aircraft tasks include reconnaissance,
intellgience and supply. Higherspeed designs may be used to maintain air superiority.
ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS—VTOL
aircraft will require extensive electronics, including conventional gearsuch as vhf and uhf communications, standard navigation equipment and iff equipment for identification.
Various military missions will demand specialized gear, including
such surveillance equipment as sidelooking radar, low-light-level television, infrared detection systems andelectronically operated cameras.
The side-looking radar may employ synthetic aperture antennas,
and computer signal processing
techniques, for all weather mapping
capability.
To assure all-weather operationof VTOL aircraft, and operation
over rugged terrain, special obstacle avoidance radar display systems,

Development
high accuracy radar altimeters, andcorner-reflector radar for landing
may be required. In the latter system, reflectors tuned to the aircraft's radar frequency—thus providing a strong signal return—arelaid out in a square to outline thelanding area.
Direction-finding equipment isalso a must for all-weather operation.
VTOL aircraft for search and recovery operations would employ
doppler radar for target acquisition, and would also require specialized direction finding gear.
FLIGHT CONTROLS — Autopilot
systems will be used in VTOL craft,as in most tactical aircraft. For
certain missions, however, special
stabilization systems may be used
to provide extremely stable verticalflight. Manual override for thepilot would be provided. Such a stabilizer system might be designed
along the lines of those used by helicopters for maintaining stable vertical flight in ASW hydrophonedunk operations.
Control of the transition fromvertical to normal flight will be accomplished using hydraulic or electromechanical systems. However,electronic amplifiers may form partof the feedback control or indicatorportion of such systems.
PROPULSION—Various methodsof propulsion are under development. These include: fan-in-wing,
ducted fan, augmented jet, tilt
wing, and tilt propeller.
In addition to the U. S. militarydevelopment contracts, and NASA
research, there is international interest in developing a NATO aircraft through international manufacturing arrangements.
All VTOL aircraft now understudy by the services are developmental in nature, and seek to prove
the proper approaches for aircraft
designed for different flight missions. When tactical conditions permit, most vertical-take-off designs
may be used as short take-off aircraft, allowing larger payloads to be
carried.
February 15, 1963

DVST
Machlett
Direct View
Storage
Tubes

1m L. 813a
NI L. 813
Brightness:
Over 2000 foot lamberts- ML-8130
Over 1500 foot lamberts- ML-8139
Writing Speed-at full brightness:
Over one half million inches per second - ML-8130
Over 150,000 inches per second - ML-8139
Storage: Uniform Storage Characteristics
Resolution: To 80 written lines per inch at
optimum brightness
Focus: -both tubes: Electrostatic
Deflection:

ML-8130 - Electrostatic

ML-8139 - Magnetic

USES
Airborne
Weather radar
Search Navigation
Terrain AvoidanceOroundSlow-scan television
Storage.instrumentation
Shipboard
Sonar long-memory displays
Marine displays
Sonar devices displays
Write today for complete data on these new
Machlett Direct View Storage Tubes.

qPA CH lE)1 .
At, AlltIonte of FinyIncon Company

THE MACHLETT LABORATORIES, INC.
SPRINGDALE.

CONNECTICUTCIRCLE 31 ON READER SERVICE CARD

31

B1

PERFORMANCESUBMINIATURE
DIMENSIONS

E-

E- e

TERMINAL
BLOCKSE"eACTUAL SIZE SIX STATION BLOCKSUBMINIATURE
CB-S

SYNCOM TESTS will be made by USNS Kingsport, off Nigerkt, andstation at Lakehurst, N.J. Photos show installation of 30-foot Triax antenna, by GE, and control room. Bendix headed team equipping the ship

SERIES

Rated to 15 AMPS
16 to:32 AWG wire

Syncom to Have Cousin

Camblock's patented .
'design utilizes
a self-contained cylindrical cam. The
wedging action of the cam, in conjunction with the busbar design, produces fast, positive locking with highvibration proof characteristics andextremely efficient conduction.
• No Lugging• No Screws• No Solder• No Special Tools• No Loose Parts
Making wire connections is amazingly
simple: (A) strip wire, (B) insert into
connector, (C) turn cam• Wiring

Labor

Time

is

Sharply

Reduced• In-Field Service and Maintenanceis Simplified• Improved

Quality

ControlWith

Less Dependence on Employee's
Skill
Unbreakable, solid bottom body construction

provideshighdielectricstrength and good protection against
short circuiting and contamination.
Terminal markings are molded on the
housing.
'Patent No. 3,042,896
Write for technical data sheets

zurnrrDIVISION
WALTHAM PRECISION INSTRUMENT
COMPANY. INC.
221

CRESCENT STREETWALTHAM 54. MASSACHUSETTS
Tel

32

TW , broo ,, 3-4000

TVVX

vVALTH

1183-xCIRCLE 32 ON READER SERVICE CARD

NASA is now planningasynchronous weather
satellite system, too
SYNCOM I, the communications
satellite slated for launch thisweek (ELECTRONICS, p 7, Feb. 8),
is the forerunner of synchronousorbiting
communications
andweather satellites. Appearing stationary in a 24-hour orbit at analtitude of 22,300 miles, each of
the satellites will provide continuous coverage of one-third the earth.
By summer, NASA expects tosettle on design requirements forfollow-on Syncoms with communications channel capabilities similar
to Telstar and Relay. Syncom I,
built by Hughes, will not be truly
stationary—it will move in a figure-8 over the Atlantic—and canhandle only one two-way telephone
call or teletypewriter message.
By 1964, NASA hopes to orbit
the
first
synchronous
weathersatellite. The agency has just given
Republic Aviation a $136,640 contract to determine the system's
technical requirements.
Syncom I carries dual communications transponders. Either receiver may be used with either of
the two twt transmitters. There
are also two identical command receivers. Antennas include a slottedarray for communications transmission, a dipole for communications reception and a 4-whip turnstile for telemetry and command.
Frequencies are around 7,360 MC
for communications transmission
from ground, 1,815 Mc for satellite
response, 1,820 Mc for the satellite's
beacon signal, and 148 Mc for command. Satellite range and range
rate are determined from two-way
transmission time and doppler shift
in the beacon signal.

SYNCOM'S fit in third-stage Delta
launch rocket is checked by Douglas
engineers'COMPACT NEW

EH
AID
IIGNAL GENERATOR...WlTH TRANSISTORIZED WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR
Here's the advanced new signal generator with one-fourth the bulk of competitive
instruments...and more capability. The E-H Model 410 is a stable, reliable
instrument providing 6 decades of frequency coverage from 10 cps to
10 megacycles. You'll find the compact new 410 is easy to use fcr audio, ultrasonicand video measurements. And far less bulky on the bench!

SPECIFICATIONSFREQUENCY RANGE: 10 cps to 10 MC, 6BandsOUTPUT: 3volts into 600 ohms or 50 ohms; 1.5 volts into 600 ohms back matched
FREQUENCY RESPONSE: Flat within 1db over the entire frequency range
DISTORTION: Less than 1% to 100 kc
OUTPUT ATTENUATOR: Up to 50 db, separate attenuators for 600 ohms and 50 ohms output
DIMENSIONS: 6inches high, 12 inches wide, 9 inches deep. Weight-1 5ts.
PRICE: $545. Rack mounted $20 extra
WRITE, WIRE OR TELEPHONE TODAY FOR MORE INFORMATION... REPRESENTATIVES IN All. MAJOR CITIESE-H RESEARCH LABORATORIES, INC.
163 ADELINE STREET• TEMPLEBAR 4-3030• OAKLAND 20. CALIFORNIATWX OA 396 U Cable EHLABCIRCLE 33 ON READER SERVICE CARDCIRCLE 34 ON READER SERVICE CARD—)-Why so many?
We admit it.

electronic equipment became popular,

can accommodate coaxial connectors ;Amphenol, more than any otherAmphenol engineers developed themany can be supplied with hermeti-connector manufacturer, accepts re-

Micro Ribbon° —a rack and panel

cally sealed contacts. There are rack-to-sponsibility for confronting you withconnector utilizing the ribbon contact

cable connectors .evailable in every

a seemingly endless selection of rack

principle, but in as little as one-half theseries. There are super-economy types

and panel connectors.

space. Further development produced

and super-reliable types.

There's agood reason.

a circularconnector

So, when you have a rack andFor some uses, a ten-contact con-which crammed 50 contacts into apanel connector problem, contact andiameter just under 3 inches.

Amphenol Sales Engineer (or an au-

nector the size of an Idaho potato will

Blue

Ribbondo just fine. In others, ten connections

Also, there's the question of termi-

thorized Amphenol Industrial Distrib-

must be squeezed into a space nonating rack and panel connectors.

utor). With the broadest line of rack

bigger than ajelly bean. Still other ap-

Often, confined quarters or complex

and panels in the industry—if he can't

plications have unique requirements

wired harnesses can tax the dexterity

solve it, no one can. If you prefer,that relate to environment or matingof even the most skilled worker

write directly to Dick Hall, Vice Presi-

To solve this problem, Amphenol

dent, Marketing, Amphenol Connector

operator.

engineers developed rack and panel

Division, 1830 South 54th Avenue,

WHY WE DO IT

connectors with

Chicago 50, Illinois.

force—even the technical skill of theWe make alot of different rack andtacts.

Poke-Home® con-

Poke-Home contacts make itpanel connectors because it takes apossible to terminate conductors inde-

lot to satisfy the wide range of appli-

pendent of the connector. Contacts arecations.

crimped, soldered, or even welded to

For example: the Amphenol Blue

conductors, then inserted into the con-

Ribbon ® rack and panel connector

nector. Besides simplifying assembly,

is widely used in -blind" mating ap-

Poke-Home contacts can be easily re-plications. Part of Blue Ribbons' pop-

moved after assembly should circuit

ularity is due to the fact that theychanges or repairs later become neces-mategradualsary. Needless to say, Amphenol rack

wedge-like force. Because they mateand panel connectors with Poke-Homeso smoothly, thecontacts (Min-Rac

with

a smoothand-feeling"of correct

Series, for example) are popular itemsalignment is unmistakable.
Another advantageof

17 ®, 93 and 94

the

Blue

with engineers who are forced to think

Ribbon design is the wiping action

small, spacewise.

that occurs as connectors mate. Each

BEATING THE ELEMENTS

time Blue Ribbons are mated, contact

There's a need for environmentally

surfaces are wiped clean. Combine

resistant rack and panel connectors,

Amphenol connectors shown on the opposite

wiping action with high mated contact

too. High performance aircraft, missiles

page are: 1—Min-Rac 17 with (a) crimp-type

pressure, and the result is an extreme-and space craft led to the development

contacts and (b) solder-type contacts

ly low-resistance connection.

of Amphenol 126 and 217 Series en-

SeriesTHINKING SMALL?

vironmentally sealed rack and panel

As fine aconnector as we know theconnectors. (The 217 offers the added

Blue Ribbon is — it's just not right forfeature of Poke-Home contacts.) Other

the real tiny stuff. Thus, as miniaturized

Amphenol rack and panel connectors»APHENOP

3—Micro-Ribbon

Rectangular

5-93 Series

2-94

4-126 Series
6—Blue Ribbon

with (a) barrier polarization, (6) pin polarization and (c) keyed shell and barrier polarization

7-126 Series "CNI -Hexagonal

8-126 Series

9—Circular Blue Ribbon

Connector Division / Amphenol-Borg Electronics Corporation

When looking for the ideal
whiteprinter for volume production, it is important toevaluate work-saving features of the machine as wellas the economics of day to day
machine operation. Here arereasons the Ozalid Printmaster® 900 is your best buy.
Exclusive Ozalid Sleeveless Developer System eliminatessealing sleeve, perforated
rollers, slip screen. Prints
travel through heart of developer system, receive frictionless dual-sided development in one pass. Curl minimized. Protective sheets forfilm eliminated.
New Instant-start Variable
Speed Control gives greaterthan ever operating reliability. Dependable silicon rectifiers replace expensive electron tubes, keep PM-900 costs
low and performance high.
Variable Lamp Intensity Control adds flexibility to print
exposure, allows slower machine speed where desired.

wHITE pRINTER s:

WHAT T
new

Get new ease, economy and efficiency
with extras like these...
at no extra cost!

Double Action Reversing Pedal
helps you correct alignment
errors quickly, protects valuable drawings.
Automatic Safety Device acts
instantly, positively to stopand reverse your Printmaster
900 should foreign objects
trail into machine. Protects
printing cylinder and othervital parts from damage.
Automatic Exhaust Timer
keeps belts moving andblowers working up to 30
minutes after machine isswitched off. Prolongs belt
life. Prevents condensation.
Versatility. Printmaster 900 is
specifically engineered toprocess efficiently the new
Ozalid polyester films andother specialty intermediatematerials.
For details on the Printmaster 900 write to: Ozalid.
Dept. 101, Binghamton, N.Y.

CDZALIOWE

REPEATCDZALIC)
General Aniline S film Corporation
In Canada: Hughes-Owens Co. :ltd. : Montreal.

36

CIRCLE 36 ON READER SERVICE CARD

electronics

Specifying discriminators?
Do you know...
Which discriminator gives you the greatest reliability?

The GFD-3(5000 hours MTBF...and we can prove it!)Which discriminator is the most compact?

The GFD-5(Seven occupy just 31
2 inches of panel height)
/

AbG
L

o

Which discriminator works at thehighest frequency? The GFD-8(Up to 5Mc... high enough?)

Which switchable discriminator gives you phase-lockedloop operation?

The GSD-3

ze.91101181111110»Q c=a ••(23 channels; provision for remote control)e

Who makes them? i3c

A few more important facts about the complete family of DCS Discriminators: They're
all solid state. They're all available on rapid
delivery. And, there's a full line of accessories and mounting hardware. For more
information, including data sheets containing complete specifications, write today to:Dept. E-11-2

Write for the name of your nearest representative. Address: Dept. E-11-2

DATA-CONTROL SYSTEMS, INC.
Tgdereeseuctateat
Ze4C4Vied
Los Angeles •Santa Clara •Wash., D. C. •Cape C

February

15,

1963

ral

Home Office: E. Liberty St., Danbury. Conn. •Pioneer 3-9241

CIRCLE 37 ON READER SERVICE CARD

37

HOW TOLACE FORMEETINGS AHEAD

15007!

QUANTUM ELECTRONICS INTERNATIONALSYMPOSIUM, IRE, SFER, ONR; Unesco

Building and Pare de Exposition,
Paris, France, Feb. 11-15.

INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL

American University;
International
Inn.,
Washington,
D. C., Feb. 11-15.
SYMPOSIUM,

ELECTRICAL

Why Gudebrod's Common Sense
Approach to Lacing Problems
Pays Dividends for Customers!

Recently a customer involved in the missile program came to us with aproblem. He wanted alacing tape that would be easy to use but must withstand extremely high temperatures ... well above 1000°F!

&

ELECTRONIC

EQUIPMENT

Denver Hilton
Hotel, Denver, Colo., Feb. 18-19.

EXHIBIT,

ERA,

FRC;

ELECTRICAL-ELECTRONIC

TRADE

SHOW,

Electrical Representatives Club andElectronic Representatives Assn.;
Hilton Hotel, Denver, Colo., Feb.
18-19.

SOLID STATE CIRCUITS INTERNATIONALCONFERENCE,
IRE-PGCT, AIEE,
Uni-

versity of Pennsylvania; Sheraton
Hotel and U. of P., Philadelphia,
Pa., Feb. 20-22.

RESIDUAL GASES IN ELECTRONINTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM,

TUBES

PACIFICAIEE;Society
12-15.

Italianal; Marchof Physics, et

COMPUTERCONFERENCE,

California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, Calif., March 15-16.

We had to admit that we had no such tape. Our high temperature tapes
such as GUDE-GLASS® have a maximum temperature range of 800°F.

BIONICS SYMPOSIUM, United States Air
Force;
Biltmore Hotel,
Dayton,Ohio, March 18-21.

To solve this customer's problem, we developed GUDE-Q®, arevolutionary

IEEE INTERNATIONAL

new lacing tape that is essentially stable to temperatures in excess of 1500°F.
GUDE-Q is a flat braid made from continuous length silica fibers thathave been especially impregnated with a silicon finish to produce excellent
handling and tying qualities. GUDE-Q lacing tape allows harnesses to be easily
tied ... knots don't slip, yet it withstands temperatures in excess of 1500°F.
Creating a new tape to meet high temperature requirements is but one ofmany ways in which we serve customers' needs. Whatever your lacing tapeneeds—civilian, military, fungus proofing, high temperature, color coding—Gudebrod's common sense approach to the problem will pay dividends
for you because:

CONVENTION, Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers; Coliseum and WaldorfAstoria Hotel, New York, N. Y.
March 25-28.

ENGINEERINGASPECTSHYDRODYNAMICS
PGNS, AIEE, IAS,OF

MAGNETO-SYMPOSIUM,

IRE-

University of California;
UCLA,
Beverly,
Calif.,
April 10-11.
OHIO

VALLEYINSTRUMENT-AUTOMA-

ISA, et al; Cincinnati Gardens, Cincinnati, Ohio,
April 16-17.
TION

SYMPOSIUM,

CLEVELANDELECTRONICS

CONFERENCE,

Case Institute, Western
Reserve
University,
ISA;
Hotel
Sheraton Cleveland, April 16-18.
IRE,

AIEE,

INTERNATIONAL NONLINEAR MAGNETICSCONFERENCE,

IRE-PGEC,

PGIE,

AIEE;

Shoreham Hotel, Washington, D. C.,
April 17-19.

1. Gudebrod lacing tape increases production!
2. Gudebrod lacing tape reduces labor costs!
3. Gudebrod lacing tape means minimal maintenance after installation!
4. Gudebrod is quality—our standards for lacing tape are more exacting thanthose required for compliance with MIL-T!
Write today for our Technical Products Data Book which explains indetail the many advantages of Gudebrod lacing tape for both civilian andmilitary use.
Address your inquiry and your lacing tape problems to:

UDEBROD BROS. SILK CO., INC.
FOUNDED

¿eZte
12

38

CIRCLE

38

SOUTH

ON

READER

12th

STREET,SERVICE

CARD

N 1870À

2

PHILADELPHIA7,PENNA.

ADVANCE REPORTINTERNATIONALTELEMETERINGCONFER-et al; &troy Place,
London, England. March 1 is the deadline for submitting papers in triplicate
and not exceeding 4,000 1170MS and one
page of diagrams to:Lawrence
L.
Rauch,
Instrumentation
E nyineuring,l'itiversity ofMichigan,Ann
Arbor.
Michigan. Authors not living in Northand South America and Japan should
submit papers to: R. II. Barker. Institution of Electrical Engineers. Na nip
Place, London W. C. 2, England.
Ofinterest are theory, systems design andhardware techniques in any of the following areas: characteristics of information to be measured; transducers: signal
conditioning (pre-transmission) ; transmitting systems (including codbig)
receiving and recording systems :recovery (demodulation); data reduction presentation and evaluation (computer mention should only be incidental).

ENCE,

IEEE, IEE,

ISA,

electronics

Capture fast
signals
accurately,
in just 10
seconds,

without
parallaxerrorSingle shot transient, 10 nsec/cm sweep speed

For a scope trace recording as precise and accurate as that shown
here, you need three things:
1.

new fe no-parallax
oscilloscope2.

new196B oscilloscopecamera3.

new Polaroid® PolaScope
Land 10,000 speed filmT

his unique combination gives
you sharp, scalable, easy toread (or reproduce) picturescompletely developed in only 10
seconds — almost as fast as you
can peel them from the back of thecamera. The new, ultra-sensitive
Type 410 Land film (10,000 ASA
equivalent) captures even fastest
transients with superior definitionand picture quality. The singleshot transient shown, sweep speed
10 nsec/cm, is a typical example.
The 196B Camera features abuilt-in, low power black light.
This near u-v illumination causes
February

15,

1963

the phosphor to glow, providing anintermediate grey background on
the finished photo. This assuresmaximum contrast between theblack graticule lines and white
trace; photos are easier to readsince ambiguity between graticule
line and trace is eliminated. The
black light also pre-sensitizes thefilm, increasing film speed. This
light, standard on ee 196B, is available as a field modification for ee
196A Cameras. To completely
avoid parallax error, new ee cathode ray tubes have the graticule
inside the tube in the same plane
as the phosphor.
The lightweight ee 196B Camera
is extremely simple to operate. It
mounts in seconds, permits aperture and shutter speed adjustments after mounting. Two-eye
direct viewing simplifies trace adjustments.

Camera specifications: Object/Image
Ratio 1to 0.9 (1-1 optional). Lens 3-inch(75 mm) f/1.9. Lens opening, f/ 1.9 to f/16.
Shutter speeds, 1/100 to 1second, Timeand Bulb. Print size, 31/ "x 41
4/ ". Image
4
size, 27/
8" x 3-13/16". Film, Polaroid®
Land film types 42, 44, 46, 46-L, 47, 410.
Weight, 9 lbs. Price, 4e 196B, $490.00;
196A (same but without u-v light), $440.00;
u-v modification kit for 196A, $50.00.
Data subject to change without notice.
Prices f.o.b. factory.

HEWLETT
PACKARDCOMPANY
1501

Page

Mill

Road,

Palo

7754

Alto,

California,

Area Code 415, DA 6-7000. Sales and service
representatives in all principal areas; Europe,
Hewlett-Packard S.A., 54-54bis Route des Acacias, Geneva; Canada, Hewlett-Packard (Canada) Ltd., 8270 Mayrand Street, Montreal.

Polaroid' by Polaroid Corporation
CIRCLE 39 ON READER SERVICE CARD

39

500 MAN HOURSCUT TO 33 1/
2 HOURS IN
111111111111111111MMIF

32,000 PRINTED CARD TESTS!
E

BETTERMEASURING arm
FROM EllEngineers of the Martin Company have developed
an automatic card testing machine that electronicallyinspects printed circuit cards used in the firm's
PERSHING, BULLPUP, GAM-83 missile systems
as well as its air defense and communications systems. Key to the speed, simplicity and cost savings ofthe machine is the EI Digital Multimeter which displays test results of the tape program at the pushof a button!
Each of the 1000 printed circuit cards produced
daily by Martin can now be given 32 quality tests
in less than 2 minutes — work which formerly took
an experienced electronics technician and inspector
15 to 45 minutes per card!
As in the case of Martin, EI all solid state Digital
Multimeters are your answer to greater speed, higher
reliability, significant cost savings and amuch lower
investment.
Whether your interest lies in spacecraft, electronic
components or industrial processes, we can demonstrate to you the advantages of EI digital instruments
in measuring DC volts, AC volts, DC ratios, resistance, capacitance, inductance and impedance. Let EI
all solid state Digital Multimeters provide you withswift, accurate, low cost solutions to your measurement and display problems.
For full details on El's individual digital instruments, or
our complete capabilities in the field of measurement, display and recording—write direct in care of Dept. MA-2.

Carle W. Collins, production test engineer, Martin Company's
Orlando (Fla.) Division, inserts coded Mylar tape into thereader unit of the Tape Programmed Automatic Tester which
he designed.

E Electro Instruments, Inc.
8 611 Balboa Avenue, San Diego 12, California

40

CIRCLE 40 ON READER SERVICE CARD

electronics

KINNEY EVAPORATORSKINNEY...
EVERYTHINGIN VACUUMKINNEYVACUUM
DIVISION THE NEW YORKAIR BRAKE COMPANY

MEET ALL VACUUM REQUIR EMEN TS
Kinney Evaporators are designed for laboratory, pilot plant or production applications where versatility, dependability, and speed are
required. These evaporators offer rapid evacuation and ultimate pressures as low as 5x10 -7 torr when using liquid nitrogen. They are furnished complete with filament power supplies and vacuum gauges.
Utilizing dependable Kinney components, each system is housed in acompact, functionally designed cabinet finished in hammertone grey
enamel and topped with adurable formica work surface. All electricalcontrols and meters are grouped on a sloping console for optimum
operator control and visibility. Its versatility is enhanced by acompleteline of Kinney accessories. Kinney's standard models include 2" to 6",
single and double evaporators; custom-designed systems can be built
to your specifications.

•3529 WASHINGTON STREETBOSTON 30, MASS.

February

15,

1963

CIRCLE 41

ON READER SERVICE CARD

41

COMPACT,
LIGHTWEIGHTThe Choice of the Discriminating
Communication Engineer ...theMan who Never Settles for Anything
Less than THE-VERY-BEST!

CONTINUOUS-DUTY
COIL

ielhe,Z "BEAMED POWER"ANTENNAS and ANTENNA SYSTEMS
Provide optimum performane, andreliability per element, per dollar.
Antennas from 500 Re to 1500 Mc.
Free PLN8 condensed data and pricing
catalog, describes military and commercial antennas, systems, accessories,
Towers, Masts. Rotators, "Baluns"
and transmission line data.

frandCommunication
TV Antennas

LABORATORIES

Asbury Park 41, New Jersey, U.S.A.
CIRCLE 204 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Coils
for Contact
Capsules

5-AMP CONTACTS,
SPDT OR DPDTHEINEMANN TYPE B TIME-DELAY RELAY
Here's a bargain for you: a time-delay relay that canwork as its own load relay. The He nemann Type B.
The relay's continuous-duty ccil does the trick. Makes
it possible for the Type Bto remain locked-in indefinitely
after actuation. In most cases, this eliminates the needfor aseparate slave relay and associated circuitry.
The Type B Relay, happily, is quite moderate in price.
It's also neatly compact. And it weighs only 3.5 ounces.
You can have it in any of eighteen standard AC and DC
operating voltages, and with any of sixteen standard
timings, from a1/4 second to afull two minutes. Contact
capacity is generous for arelay of its size: 5amps at 125
or 250V AC or 30V DC, resistive (3 amps, inductive load).
Our Bulletin 5005 will give YOU detailed information.
Write for a copy.

HEINEMANN ELECTRIC COMPANY
2600 Brunswick Pike

• Trenton 2, N. J.

1to 5Reeds.095 — .215 dia.
6to 48 V.D.C.
Lead or Pin Term.
Also Available with Reeds.
Write for Bulletin and Prices
ELECTRICAL COIL WINDINGS
Wire sizes #6 to #56, Classes A, 6, F and
H. Complete engineering service available.

Coto Coils
55

COTO -COIL
COMPANY
INC.

Pavilion Avenue, Providence 5, R. I.

CIRCLE 205 ON READER SERVICE CARD
42

CIRCLE 42 ON READER SERVICE CARD

electronics

HEADED FOR AUTOMATION...AND DESIGNED TO MEET ALL MIL SPECS. THAT'S THE STORY ON DAYSTROM TRANSITRIM.°‹The Daystrom Transitrim potentiometer, in a

Some features of the Transitrim potentiometerTO-5 configuration, is designed to facililate theinclude: avacuum-tight glass-to-metal seal head-

automatic assembly of PC board ci rcuitry. In addi-

er with 0-ring under compression on the adjust-tion, it is designed and manufactured to comply

ment screw; an all-metal housing free of plastic

with the operational requirements of MIL- R-

parts for greatest strength, durability, and heat

27208A. The Series 510 wire-wound Transitrim

dissipation; and 1 Y2 inch rigid bare wire leads

offers 1.25 watts dissipation in still air, resist-for automatic assembly. The Transitrim is imper-

ance ranges from 10 ohms to 30 K, and an oper-

vious to humidity, salt spray, sand and dust, etc.
No other line offers so muchating temperature range from —55°C to +175 °C.

send for data!

ACTUAL SIZE

L IMilk

DAYSTRON1, INCORPORATED

Mae'

POTENTIOMETERDIVISIONARCHBALD, PENNSYLVANIA •LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIACIRCLE 43 ON READER SERVICE CARDThe Siliconix 12 rtsec 5 rrivf Dual NAND Gate
INPUT

Parent applied forti,— PROPAGATION DELAY — nsec

Mal

30
25 —

P.= 2.3 mw (V cc = 3Vols)

20 —
15 —

P

10 —

5 rnW

P= 9mw (Vcc

5Volts)5—0•roallY'cc = 4Volts/

Fan-out a 5
i
— 50

I

11111
3
+ 50
+ 100

i

+ 150

TEMPERATURE — 'C

0

+ 50

+ 100

-i- 150

TEMPERATURE — 'C

Aoerage Propagation Delay vs. Temperature and Power Dissipation

Fan-out as aFunction of OC Stability and Temperature

THIS PLANAR SILICON INTEGRATED CIRCUIT HAS A LOWER POWER-SPEEDPRODUCT (60 P1COWATT-SECONDS) AT HIGHER FAN-OUT THAN CONVENTIONAL
DIODE-COUPLED NAND GATES BECAUSE OF:
a. The unique emitter-follower diode-clamp circuit ...
b. Small geometry which minimizes capacitance ...
c. Epitaxially grown collectors.
PROPAGATION DELAY VARIES LESS THAN ±1.5% FROM —55°C TO +125°C
WITH Vcc 4TO 5VOLTS. USE THIS GATE AS ANAND, NOT AND-OR, BISTABLE
FLIP-FLOP, OR HALF ADDER. ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF THE WAY SILICONIXCOMBINES CIRCUIT AND SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES INTO DIGITAL AND
LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND COMPONENTS. WRITE FOR DETAILS.

S

E iliconix incorporated
1140 West Evelyn Ave. •Sunnyvale 33, California
Telephone 245-1000 •Area Code 408 •TWX 408-737-9948

44

CIRCLE 44 ON READER SERVICE CARD

electronics

I1

ectronics
II
February 15.15.63

INSPECTING NEW metalizing mask for production of integrated ci rcuits at Motorola Semiconductor Products division

^

ADV

\A_

From promise to practice in just four years,
a whole new technology for electronics
heralds a change in the face of our industry.
The question is na longer when and why
microminiaturization, but how

L _J

^

"WE'RE GOING MICRO." These words are being
echoed throughout the industry in 1963—what was scoffed
at in some quarters four years ago is now areality.
Today production of microminiature equipment isunderway for important military and space missions.
Speculative talk about ultimate wonders, playing "thenumbers game"—these are largely gone. Engineers aregrappling with engineering problems: how best to fabricate, design, test, specify and demonstrate reliability.
They emphasize that in microminiaturization they are notinterested in size reduction for its own sake—rather engineers see awhole new technology of microelectronics thatwill bring low cost and high reliability as its most im-

By MICHAEL F. WOLFF, Senior Associate Editor

45
-

•

•- 11--

portant benefits.

Now, at the start of microelectronics'

first real production year, the major concern is with thepractical problems of how best to realize these potentials.
APPROACHESAPPRoAcHEs—Three approaches to microminiaturization
still claim the major effort: component, thin-film andsemiconductor integrated circuits.
Discrete microcomponents are widely used in solderedor welded modules. These will continue to be important
where moderate size reduction is needed along withproven reliability and the design flexibility of choosing
from a wide range of commercially available parts.
Smaller size with discrete components is obtained byattaching parts to "2-D" passive substrates or insertingparts in cavities in printed circuit boards. Arma's 20-lb
guidance computer is an example of what can be donewith the former. This 1-Mc computer is a serial, binary
stored program computer designed to handle a varietyof space navigation problems. It occupies 0.42 cubic
ONE OF FOUR standard wafers that ccrng rise tf-elogic in Arma's
20-lb space computerfoot and requires 50 w.' Second technique is also in production, has been used in several linear and nonlinear systems such as proximity fuzes and timers built for Army
Ordnance under the Micram program.'
Standard component form factors have been derived
for the micromodule program and pellet, or dot, concept.
Micromodule production capabilities will be demonstrated this year as applications in Army communications
and computer equipment are stepped up. In contrast to
many other techniques, micromodules have an impressive
amount of reliability data: RCA reports 3,493,940 element hours of life testing on 96 10-element communications modules has given an mtbf of 381.000 hours at 60
percent confidence, 16,568,650 element hours on 176
digital modules has given an mtbf of 528,000 hours.
By next year RCA estimates micromodule costs will
drop below $8 alogic circuit in quantities of 300,000. In
some cases costs will be less this year than those ofequivalent circuits with military-type components.
During the next few years new microelectronic techniques will also be incorporated in the micromodule
package as they become feasible and are required. Experimental packages incorporating integrated circuits
have been built. A new package is under development
to give, in the same size, the additional interconnections
these higher density techniques will need. Package would
use electron-beam-welded ribbons on 25-mil centers.
Pellet approach is scheduled to be introduced into General Dynamics' manufacturing program this year. It is aninterconnecting process that can use either discrete components or integrated circuits if they are packaged aspellets. Design survey indicates that 78 to 96 percentof the electronic circuits produced at General Dynamics/
Astronautics can either be directly pelletized or pelletizedwith approximately 5 percent redesign, compared with
60 percent for thin films. Plans for acomputer controlled
automatic assembly system are underway.'
Thermionic integrated micromodules (TIMM's) could
play an important role in high temperature and radiation
environments. GE claims long-term, stable operation is

DIGITAL DATA signal conditioner fot State University of Iowa
experiment in first Orbiting Geophysical Observatory (A) uses
102 Texas Instruments semiconductor networks for all logic
functions. Counter-scanner-programmer (B) uses 36 such networks, is undergoing laboratory evaluation for NASA46

possible from —65 to 500 deg C under total integrated
flux of 10' fast neutrons. Typical NOR circuit draws 31
2/mw at 12-16 v. Nuclear power supplies in space, nuclear
rockets and long-life (5 years or more) space communicaelectronics

nications

systems

are

seen

as

possible

applications.

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS—While component-oriented
approaches will be around along time, momentum seems

MICROMINIATURIZATION

to be toward thin-film and semiconductor integrated circuits where "circuit elements are inseparably associatedon or within a continuous body to perform the function

Discrete components will always be important, but the
tideof a circuit.' Feeling within the military and NASA isthat these techniques will bring the reliability, maintainability and performance per dollar they consider neces-is toward

thecircuit andfunction-oriented

design and fabrication techniques that are needed.
Each must know more about the other's problems thanhe does now

are satisfactory for most digital data processing functions,especially those requiring large volumes of standard circuits. Major limitation has been speed. Maximum clock
rates are now generally limited to about 6 Mc but thesewill improve as design techniques to minimize parasitic
coupling are applied and faster logic schemes introduced;• Manufacturers will find the thin-film and semiconductor
techniques complementary in their application—notcompetitive. But the key to the profits inherent in thesetechnologies is careful attention to process control• Users will find greater performance per dollar rather
than small size and weight the rationale for microsysterns. Eventually microminiaturization will allow at-

10 to 20 Mc is considered feasible on a production basis
this year.

taining new levels of performance, such as duplicating
biological systems
To realize fully the promise of microminiaturization, how-

COST AND RELIABILITY—Cost has come down anorder of magnitude in the last two years but yield is still

ever, solving such problems as manufacturer-user cooperation, specification, testing and standardization will
be just as important as solving the purely technical ones

considered too low. This will improve with better inspection and process control, packaging and intercon-

Autonetics, associate prime contractor for Minuteman,also plans integrated circuits for inertial navigation systems under design and is evaluating them for a space-circuit boards with discrete components, the crossover
point could come in the next year or two. Meanwhile introduction into commercially competitive systems will be
slower than for military and space applications.

planning

Practical limit in the complexity of a single integrated
circuit that can be economically achieved is presently

Apollo guidance computer, EGO and POGO satellite
digital-data signal conditioners, an all-weather Naval

set by materials processing technology at around the shiftregister level (about 15 transistors and 21 resistors) inavionics system for helicopters and VTOL aircraft, radar
computer indicator for Navy's W2F-1 early-warning air-the opinion of R. B. Seeds of Fairchild Semiconductor.
Increased understanding of the underlying silicon tech-craft, and some Air Force pcm telemetry systems.

nology has led to widespread confidence in eventual highreliability of these circuits. Evidence coming in indicatesthis confidence may not be misplaced. Texas Instruments
reported failure rate of 0.13 percent per 1,000 hours at
85 C in April 1962, estimates 0.04 percent for third
quarter 1962 and predicts less than 0.01 percent by theend of this year.

THIN FILMS—Considerable progress is being made in
linear silicon circuits; however, at this time thin films
appear more promising for complex and small-volumeproduction linear applications where high performanceand relatively close tolerance components are needed.

Bureau of Naval Weapons feels semiconductor integrated circuits on the whole have demonstrated they are
more reliable than average discrete components and expects 1-Mc devices to be available shortly with certified
parameters and reasonable cost. In linear applications
they feel 10 to 20 percent of present circuits can berealized with silicon integrated circuits but that here
proof of reliability is not yet available.
APPLICATIONS—Semiconductor integrated circuits are
already being introduced into several aerospace digitalcomputers, but the significant boost to their application
has come from the selection of Texas Instruments' semiconductor networks for the guidance and control electronics in the improved Minuteman. Observers say thisprogram could run to ten's of millions of dollars, mayeliminate the need to sell people on microelectronics.

ap-

proaches. This means:• Designers of systems, circuits and devices, will haveto work closer together to generate the new circuit

sary to perform their missions. Some spokesmen show
little interest in discrete component approaches.
Feeling now is that semiconductor integrated circuits

nection techniques. Some observers say that yields anduniformity are good enough now that the cost of an individual transistor in a silicon integrated circuit is close
to the cost of a discrete transistor. And while overall
circuit costs are greater than those of comparable printed

1963

craft radar with a 10,000-hour mtbf.
semiconductor

integrated

Other programs
circuits

include:Diffused silicon resistors are generally limited to around50,000 ohms and 20-percent tolerances, while thin-film
resistors can be individually adjusted to less than 5 percent and go as high as 1 megohm. Practical-size silicondioxide capacitors are considered limited to around
1,000 pf, while 0.1 id is readily obtainable in metal films,
especially tantalum where 1 id can be obtained at 5 v.
Common film characteristics are tabulated on p 48.
Research group at Bendix Radio feels applications requiring reproducibility and rigidity will employ the earlythin-film techniques. Examples are phased-array radar(because of the great number of identical receivers) andcomplex filter networks. Bendix wants stable circuits at
uhf and above, is presently fabricating a 400-Mc i-fstrip with a gain of 80 db and 100-Mc bandwidth. Allresistors, capacitors and inductors will be thin film.
ITT Federal Laboratories expects to go into pilot production on tantalum film communications circuits thisyear. One application they are considering is a 70-Mc i
-f
47

.nt
10 MILS(A)

MICROCIRCUIT for ameteorological satellite differential amplifier (A) and NOR gate (B) built by CBS Labs. Hybrid construction employs
amplifier for parametric receivers, feeling tantalum filmlb airborne computer is scheduled for delivery by IBM

components can be used to about 100 Mc.
Kearfott is going into pilot production of a '4 -cubic-

this year under a Naval Avionics Facility contract.

inch 5-watt servo amplifier that has a gain adjustable toheed to meetaroundticularly

Titanium metal technology is being pursued at Lock-

1,000 at 400 cps. Some hearing aids now use

films.
Battery-operated

space environmental

radiation.

Theyreportrequirements,

less

than

par-

5 percentchange of resistor characteristics under 2 x

10" neu-

I5-Mc pulsed f-m receiver is undertrons per sq cm, have used titanium components in adevelopment at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Labora-

sequencer subsystem for a space telemetry multiplexing

tory for use by the National Institute of Mental Healthsystem.

in experiments on

brain

stimulation of animals.

The 0.894-cubic-inch unit draws 450 mw.

The

thin-film receiver is on three 1 x 1-inch substrates, would

HYBRID APPROACHES—Major problem with thin-be mounted on a monkey's head.

film circuits is the lack of compatible active components.
At present, semiconductor diodes and transistors mustThin films are also being used in specialized digitalsystems by those who claim the following advantages

be attached in what is considered a transitional hybrid

over semiconductors: design flexibility, faster fabricationthat is generally larger, more expensive and less reliableof prototype systems, and higher speeds and pulse rise-than its equivalent in semiconductor integrated circuits.

times.

coder for a Navy missile; a 200-module digital computer

Real promise of the thin-film approach lies in its automation potential, but until deposited-film active components

built by Lear Siegler has been tested in a satellite. An 18 -make this feasible, the trend is to use thin-film passive

GE is fabricating a 1,500-component digital de-

BLE - THIN-FILM RESISTORS AND CAPACITORS'RESISTORS

Ohms per sq

TCR(ppm/deg Cl

Chromium) ,Nickel-Chromium'
Tantalum ,Tantalum Nitride ,Titanium"
Tin Oxide"
Cermets'
Carbon Resin Inkg

500 - 30,000
to 200
to 100
to 200500 -2.000
Approx 500
to 20,000
10 00050±-)- 50±- 200-75 -± 25+120 to -110-±- 300250
500 - 1.000

Leakage
Capacitors
Tantalum Oxide
Titanium Dioxided
Silicon Monoxide (Silicon Dioxidek

Dissipation(w/in. 2 of film
@ rating)
25
12
20
20
12.5 - 25
15 - 25
to 20
1

Stability(% @ 1,000 hr)

Tolerance (%)

0.5
<0.1
1
<0.1
0.8 - 1.5
1
2
5- 10

±0.1
±0.1

0.01
0.01
±1
±2
±
-1
±
-10

Current(@ working
voltage)

Working
Voltage

TCC(ppm/deg C)

10-7 amp/pf

100V max
50V
6V
50V

250
800

2.5 x10-7 amp/ pf<10 pamp<100

pf/cm 2

Dissipation
Factor (%)

Tolerance(%)

0.1 @ 50V
0.01
0.5
0.004

1
<1
1
0.2

-±-3h

Stability@ 1,000 hr)
Approx 1
0.5

±
-10
±-10

(a) Representative manufacturable values variable with specific fabrication process (b) Xerox, on ceramic (c) Bell Labs (d) Lockheed (e) Corning
Glass Works (f) International Resistance (g) Harry Diamond Labs (h) Without adjustment (I) IBM (j) Not available (k) General Instrument

48

electronics

10 MILS(B)

silicon transistors, nickel-chromium resistors on silicon oxide, and gold interconnections—Fig. 1
components with semiconductor integrated circuits insuch a way as to get the most from both approaches.
Most aerospace companies are maintaining a balanced
research effort. Some want an in-house thin-film assembly
capability with purchased semiconductor integrated cir-are going to this in any amplifier with more than threetransistors where they need maximum speed. General
Instrument is working on atechnique to modify the maskso that resistors on a passive component chip can beselectively changed on the production line.

cuits for standard functions because they feel the com-

Bell Labs finds this hybrid approach reduces the num-plexity of the semiconductor technology and its inherent
application to volume production preclude it as an inhouse technology for the military and space electronicsystem assemblers.°

ber of leads made on the external circuit board by afactorof three in computer-type circuits. They are also using

In addition to complementary usage of the two technologies there will be the actual hybrid integrated circuit
consisting of semiconductor and thin film components. A
promisinghybridtechniqueistodeposit

metal-filmpassive elements on a silicon-dioxide insulating region of
a semiconductor block containing the active elements.
Leads from passive to active components are then evaporated. This will be widely used wherever film passive
components are required to perform a function that cannot be obtained in a silicon integrated circuit. It is seen
especially attractive for 0-to-20-Kc servo control applications because there would be little problem with stray
capacitance from the thin-film elements.
Figure IA shows one of two identical patterns thatit in exploratory pcm circuits. In such circuits getting
stable gain at 200-Mc bandwidths requires feedback. At
these frequencies this feedback can best be accomplishedin microelectronic circuits because otherwise the propagation time around the loop would be too great. (Thispoints up an inherent functional advantage that many
feel will give microelectronics an important role in nanosecond circuits.)
Figure 2 shows an operational amplifier built this way,
which because of parasitics could not have been built
satisfactorily in a single silicon block. Comparison withthe cordwood equivalent showed that in addition to getting much more stable closed-loop gain, open-loop performance began to degrade at 130 Mc compared to 50
Mc for the conventional. All components in the signal
path are integrated except the precision feedback resistor.

make up a differential amplifier built this way for a 10track digital tape recorder to be used in an advanced
meteorological satellite. Circuit has three resistors adjustable to one percent and a transistor; amplifier can beplaced inside the recorder next to the record-playbackhead for increased noise immunity.
Desire for greater flexibility with semiconductor integrated circuits is also leading to hybrid approaches here.

DESIGN PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS—Microelectronics will require changes
in the designer's thinking. Circuit, equipment and systems engineers will have to work much more closely if

DESIGNan optimum microelectronic design is to result.

These involve putting passive or active semiconductor
components or both on top of an insulating substrate andOn the system level, decision to go micro will require
a new look at solving the system transfer function. For
example, digital integrated circuits might make it prac-

interconnecting by metalization, wire bonding or both.
Entire circuit is encapsulated in a single package.

tical to switch to a digital command link and airborne
data reduction.

While slightly more expensive than the single-block
approach, this technique overcomes the problem of theinherent incompatibility of silicon transistors and resistors

Then there's the problem of devices that can't be miniaturized. In a typical airborne system mechanical com-in the same block. Also, it minimizes capacitive coupling,
permits easier testing, and is considered especially usefulponents and electronic components with moving parts
occupy half the volume and have a greater failure rate
than pure electronic components. Arinc Research Corp.

for small quantities of custom-made circuits where quickchanges and modifications may be required. Some people

their reliability assumed to be unity for the life of the

February 15, 1963

estimates that if only the latter are microminiaturized and49system, the system failure rate would only decrease byapproximately 17 percent. They recommend microelectronics be used only in equipments that can be built
almost entirely this way. Thus, designers will need to bealert to new ways of performing electromechanical functions more compatibly with microelectronics, such as
solid-state relays, transducers and inertial components.
Active thin-film devices will not be replacements fortransistors in thin-film circuits—they will have different
characteristics and therefore require different approaches
to circuit design. Similarly silicon integrated circuits
differ from ordinary circuits in that transistors and diodes
are cheaper than the passive components, and some components such as inductors are not even available. Also
there will be advantages in linear circuits because of the

Several military and industrial groups are presently
evaluating the different types of logic, indicated in Fig.
3.

U. S. Naval Air Development Center has evaluated

RCTL, DCTL, and ECTL. Of these they find
DCTL the simplest for semiconductor integrated circuits.
It is relatively easy to fabricate and can handle 1-Mc
clock rates. Major disadvantage is current hogging wherevarying base to emitter characteristics of the load elements
prevent even current distribution among the loads. Adding
aresistor to the base of each transistor minimizes current
hogging, but at the expense of operating speed.
DCTL is also sensitive to input noise which is injected
directly into the base of the transistors. This is not the
only noise mode that may affect microelectronic logic

ability to match components formed during the same
diffusion and to have thermal tracking of parameters.

however, and the Center plans to investigate others.
Desire to eliminate current hogging and still maintaina relatively simple system led to ECTL (emitter-coupled

LOGIC—Integrated circuit logic is one of the most con-transistor logic). This is a form of current-mode logic,
which is presently gaining a lot of attention.

troversial subjects. With no microelectronic logic scheme
yet applied extensively on asystem basis, the user is often

Present ECTL assemblies may use a few more parts
than their DCTL equivalents but still contain only transis-

hard put to select the best for his needs.
Each logic scheme has advantages and disadvantages

tors and resistors. In ECTL the input base-to-emitter
resistance is afunction of the transistor /3. Thus, the basecurrent varies inversely with /3, permitting higher fan-out.

for both producer and user. From the user's standpoint
no specific type is presently clearly superior to all others;in each case he should select to fit total system requirements, taking into account such factors as operating environment, cost, size, weight and power consumption.
Moreover tradeoffs between power dissipation, switching
speed, fan-in and fan-out, and component tolerance must
be considered.

This advantage together with improved noise immunity is
obtained with two power supplies compared to one in
DCTL. GE claims a 2-Mc shift rate for shift registers.
Flip-flop clock rates of 20 Mc are claimed by Motorola
for their current-mode logic. For a fan-out of I, stage
propagation delay, rise time and fall time are 4 nsec witha 20-pf shunt capacitance. Maximum fan-out is 26, noise

VIDEO AMPLIFIER consisting of six silicon planar resistors and two epitaxial transistors on ceramic substrate is fabricated at General
instrument, has been used in prototype navigational aids equipment. Typical values for a representative amplifier are on schematic

INPUT IMPEDANCE 61.2K
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE k• 500S-2.
VOLTAGE GAIN 6 20DB
CURRENT GAIN ->> 25D
BANDWIDTH:0-30M
OUTPUT SWING:4.5V

K TO PEAK 25 °C

2V PEAK TO PEAK -55- +MiLAR TO 1N744
D TO ±10%orvoltage at the input can be half the input voltage before
confusing the logic.
DTL is another relatively simple system to fabricate,is being used in many new semiconductor integrated circuits. It operates on relatively low voltage swings (4v)
and is fast (3-6 Mc clock rates). Furthermore. immunity
to noise can be 50 percent.
Most complex system now used is RCTL. The capacitors increase base current for fast collector current turn-on
and minimize storage time by supplying a charge equal
DIODE-TRANSISTOR LOGIC (DTL)

DIRECT-COUPLED TRANSISTORLOGIC (DCTL)

TRANSISTOR-RESISTOR LOGIC(TRL OR RTL)

CURRENT-MODE LOGIC (C-ML)

cated on a I-inch-square silicon substrate. These transis-

TRANSISTOR-COUPLED LOGIC(TCL OR TTL)RESISTOR-CAPACITOR -TRANSISTORLOGIC (RCTL)

tors are majority-carrier devices fabricated by diffusingheavily doped source and drain contacts into the silicon

SIX FORMS of integrated circuit logic are illustrated for a
fan-in of three—Fig. 3

to the stored base charge. RCTL units have been quite
insensitive to input noise and supply voltage variation but
relatively slow (about 500 Kc), the Center finds.
Another type of logic becoming increasingly popular
is TCL.

This is similar to DTL and may he used with

common bases and collectors (multiple emitter coupling).
Claimis that TCL does not have the

DCTL current

hogging problem. has better noise rejection. and for constant power dissipation has about the same speed.'
Simplest logic is probably RTL. Because it needs
resistors with ±5 percent overall tolerance. however, it
may be more suited to thin films. Also the resistors makeit less efficient in terms of power dissipation.

LOGIC NETS—New concept of integrated logic nets is
considered by RCA to offer the most economical way of
meeting most digital requirements. Here arrays of 2,000
insulated-gate field-effect transistors (see Fig. 4) are fabri-

SOME STRAIGHT TALK ON DESIGNING
Our rate of progress will be determined by the rate en-gineers can invent circuits that utilize the unexploitedunique features of silicon rather than by simply avoiding
the fundamental limitations of the silicon substrate says
C. D. Simmons, director of Philco's microelectronics laboratory. For example, while the tolerance of individual
diffused resistors is poor, new avenues of design are
offered by the fact that differential tolerance can be reduced to 1or 2 percent.
R. E. Lee, executive vice president of Siliconix, points
out that some companies new to integrated circuits havebeen using the almost brute force method of trying torealize a circuit in a silicon block by part-for-part translation from what was a good optimum circuit in thediscrete component domain. "This is not the ideal way
to design an integrated circuit," he says, adding "integrated circuit design requires the combined experienceof circuit-oriented people who can range over the entire

(B)

(A)

scope of alternate designs to accomplish a given circuit
function, joined with solid-state physics and device people
who know what can and can't be done in a semiconductor
block as far as device structures are concerned"

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT package (A) for Bell Labs high-frequency
operational amplifier module (B) contains two experimental
2-Oc planar epitaxial transistors and two silicon zener diodes.
External d-c stabilizing circuits and feedback loops are notshown—Fig. 2
February 15,

1963

51

crystal controllable oscillator uses Sprague's
thin-film ceramic-based microcircuits. Conventional two-electrodecapacitor Ci uses full ceramic substrate thickness as dielectric,
C. and C., are multiple internal electrode capacitors, C, and C-,
are solid tantalum inlaid within cavities in the substrate

EXPERIMENTAL

and then thermally growing a silicon dioxide layer between them. The contacts are then metalized and ametal
gate put on top of the insulator.
Electrons flow between source and drain parallel to thesurface only when the gate is biased positively.

Thisallows direct coupling between successive stages in what
can be regarded as voltage controlled relay logic. Equivalent of the DCTL load resistor can be obtained in asimilar element by forming an n-type channel under theoxide between the source and drain. In addition thesource is connected to the gate, giving a two-terminal
nonlinear resistor that simulates aconstant-current sourcewith more rapid charging and better noise immunity thana linear resistor. Supply voltage is coupled through the

CONTROLnonlinear resistor to the drain, which is then connectedto the next transistor gate.
Result is the ability to have series—parallel logic withunlimited fan-out and without shifting voltage levels
between stages. With a 10,000-ohm load resistor, typicalgate switching time is estimated at roughly 40 to 50 nsec
and power dissipation at 40 mw. Computer clock ratesof 10 Mc are seen with present devices.

V -4.5V

2.7K
2509F

2N582

GATE
CONTROL

Scaling laws

apply and clock rates of 20-200 Mc are predicted as
device size comes down.
RCA claims laboratory yields exceed 90 percent, thatthe devices are highly uniform. They expect this techniqueto lead to an order of magnitude price reduction overother integrated circuit techniques. The transistor chains,nonlinear resistors, fingers and crossover insulation are
made on a general array basis so that almost always only
one layer of evaporated gold wiring is needed to complete
the desired circuit.

be five decks in a package expected to occupy 1 cubic
inch and draw 21
2/watts. Total number of interconnections is estimated at 105 compared with the 1,136 thatwould be required if the comparable circuit was fabricated with integrated circuits in 8-lead cans.

Major failure mode reported so far is short-circuited
gates. Major problem to be resolved is the long-term
stability; however, researchers believe they will be able
after a few months to show characteristics won't drift.

INDUCTORS—Fabrication of inductors still remains amajor problem in designing integrated circuits. For within
a limited volume, inductance can be raised only by increasing the number of turns and their cross-sectional
area or improving the magnetic permeability of the surrounding medium.

Technique may also lead to nanowatt computer memories. Here the transistors would be used with their holeconduction equivalents in a flip-flop type memory (seeProblem is to find the best compromise between inductance and Q for each application. Example of this is thediode-switched tuner shown in Fig. 5. Here the isolated

Fig. 4D). Hole conduction occurs with n-type silicon andap+ source and drain. (Logic circuits using similar com-resistors and capacitors are on the same substrate so thatglass is used instead of ferrite. Since low permeabilityof glass requires more turns enclosing a larger area of

plementary devices have been reported by Fairchild Semiconductor to consume less than 10 nw standby power pet
node and switch in less than 20 nsec".)
Presently two applications are under development (seethe front cover). One is an eight-neighbor NOR gate forpancake spiral coil, the conductor length of the larger
coils is approximately 400 times the width. It wastherefore necessary to make the film resistivity much
lower than the usual thin-film conductor. By using thicka 2-D data processing panel being built at Air Force
Cambridge Research Laboratories. Panel will use acheckerboard array of the gates. Each nodal unit input is tied
to eight neighbors; by changing the gate voltage it is pos-

high-conductivity silver films, the larger coils of this circuit have Q's near 100 and inductance of about 0.25 gh.
The spiral inductors require a crossover to the center;a transformer can be made by interleaving two spirals

sible to select which of the neighboring logic signals is
to be oR-gated into the output.
Possibility of replacing the eight control leads withor placing one on top of the other with an insulating
layer between them.
Limitations of thin-film inductors prevent using them

optical coupling is also being studied. This would be doneby energizing the gate from adeposited photovoltaic cell,might eventually lead to adjustable computers that couldchange their logic functions by optical command.

at audio frequencies. Above afew tenths of amicrohenryor below 100 Mc you must replace deposited film inductors with discrete inductors or design around them by (I)attaching piezoelectric resonators, (2) using the simu-

Second application is a series of resettable decade ringcounters that will divide by any of 28,000 integers in a
2-to-30-Mc ssb equipment under construction. There will

lated inductance in a forward-biased p-n junction together with negative resistance devices like tunnel diodes,or (3) designing notch filters and distributed R-C net-

52

electronics

SILICONDIOXIDE
SOURCETYPICAL DEVICE SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICSCAPACITANCE:DRAIN

1pF PER ELECTRODE"ON" RESISTANCE: 2K
CONTROL VOLTAGE: OFF < 6 -1- 1/2 V, ON > 14 V
INTERNAL SWITCHING DELAY: 0.1- 0.2n SEC(SHORT CIRCUIT CONDITION)
IMPEDANCEAT GATE. 10 14 - 10 t5 OHMS

CURRENT DRAWNTEMP RANGE(A)

P-TYPE(B)

DRAIN VOLTAGE 2V/DIV

1MA

AT 2V

-80 TO +190C

SILICON(C)

GATE VOLTAGE

2V/DIV

ELECTRONCONDUCTION
TRANSISTORSINSULATED-GATE field-effect transistor (A) has output characteristics of (B) and transfer characteristics of (C) when gate bias is variedin 2-v steps from 0 to 20 v. Load 's 10,000 ohms and supply is 20 v. Complementary pairs of transistors could be used in the memory
cell designed by P. K. Weimer of RCA Labs (D) whose two stable states would have essentially no dissipation—Fig. 4

works. Latter have been used in thin-film form to makepercent over the entire range of operating conditions inband-pass amplifiers and phase shift oscillators; a frequency discriminator with a Q of 0.22 and an output

order to attain aQ of 50 within ±10 percent."

linear over ±-17 percent has been designed!
Obtaining selective frequency response without inductors is generally difficult, however, because it leads to instability. The higher the Q the more sensitive it is toelement variations. For a standard twin-T null circuitcomponents must maintain tolerances of about ±0.1

DISCRETE INDUCTORS—Wound toroids are satisfactory up to 200 Mc; Q's of 50 to 100 can be obtained andthe magnetic field is contained so there is little interaction with other circuits.
Shielded 1-mh solenoids 0.1 inch in diameter and IA
inch long with a Q of about 40 are being developed by
Nytronics.
Shielding is provided by a new magnetic
powder molding process. Values to 100 mh in ayear are
projected. They are also working toward modular powertransformer.s to fit micromodule wafers.
Equivalent performance of a resonant circuit in muchsmaller volumes and at lower cost is expected frommaterials such as lead-titanate-zirconate now being studied for use with metal members as thin-film piezoelectricfilters.
Deposited resonators are needed in the 500-Mc region, where the required Q's of 1,000 are presently unobtainable except with various forms of lines. Engineers
at Harry Diamond Laboratories feel the helical cavity
resonator is best from the volume standpoint. They havebuilt 0.01-cubic-inch units with unloaded Q's of approximately 230 at 500 Mc for the preselector of acommandreceiver. The receiver has screen-printed wafer circuits,
occupies 0.75 cubic inch, and when completed is expected
to have 60-db image rejection, approximately 3-db bandwidth at 5-6 Mc and 3-db insertion loss.
One possible solution to the inductance problem is to

DIODE-SWITCHED tuner developed at General Instrument appliedresearch laboratory covers range of 50 to 200 Mc—Fig. 5
February

15,

1963

fabricate an integrated circuit out of piezoelectric material such as gallium arsenide. Junctions in gallium arsenide have high resistivity and theoretically could be used
as resonators—but so far no one claims to know how.
Furthermore, much more work is needed in alloying anddiffusing so that other components could be made in gal53

hum arsenide, which is expected to allow higher fre-heat source is attached to a uniform silicon bar, thequency operation than silicon. However, it might be possible to grow agallium arsenide junction heteroepitaxially

propagation velocity of the resulting temperature wave isfrequency dependent. Mathematical analysis indicatesthat varying the bar length and, hence, the transit time ofin acertain spot on a silicon substrate.
FIELD-EFFECT

DEVICES—Needtodesignaroundlarge resistors and capacitors is leading to field-effecttransistorsforraising

impedance,

therebyallowing

the wave, will vary the oscillating frequency of a closedloop system. Aeronautical Systems Division of Air Force
Systems Command (ASD) is presently investigating thermal characteristics of silicon to see if this effect can besmaller coupling and bypass capacitors.
Where large R-C time constants are required for cou-

exploited for oscillators and band-pass filters.

pling in low-frequency linear circuits, afield-effect transistor in series with a bipolar transistor can give high input
impedance as well as high current gain. These devices

MICROPOWER—You can expect increased emphasis

can be diffused simultaneously into asilicon block to give
input resistances over 1megohm and, by cascading, g„,'s

on microwatt electronics, for progress in power reduction
has not kept pace with other areas of microelectronics.
NASA ranks requirement for low power in spaceon the order of 1mho.

directly after reliability, has found silicon integrated circuits consume three times the power of standard circuits

Westinghouse Electric has fabricated an audio amplifier this way that uses a matched pair of unipolar transis-

in applications like flip-flop memories and counters. This
results largely from lack of large resistors and single-

tors as ahigh-impedance input and nonlinear bias resistor
for three Darlington-connected bipolar transistors. Typical amplifier gives 3 w out for 1/
2 y rms in at 21/
2 per-

block complementary circuits.

cent distortion; frequency response is flat to nearly IMc."

However, possibility ofcomplementary insulated-gate field-effect transistors aswell as recent demonstration that pnp and npn transistors can be fabricated in the same block (see Fig. 7) now
makes zero-watt logic look more realizable.
Several circuits that operate at microwatt supply power

TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION — Semiconductor
integrated circuits need built-in temperature compensation because diffused silicon resistors are not as stable as
ordinary resistors. Negative feedback is widely used forlevels have been built at CBS Labs with the hybrid
approach, which they feel offers the greatest versatility,
least temperature sensitivity and highest speed for agiven

this. Operating point is stabilized in a typical two-stage
common-emitter amplifier because the ratio of emitter
resistance to feedback resistance is maintained in spite

power level. These techniques are considered promisingat 50-Kc clock rates, adequate for many satellite applications. The NOR gate in Fig. 1B consumes about 50 micro-of temperature variations since both resistors are madefrom the same piece of silicon and have the same TCR

watts in a satellite 7-bit analog-to-digital converter.
For still lower power levels, researchers want nanowatt
devices. Sperry Semiconductor has made transistors with(temperature coefficient of resistance). Westinghouse engineers feel this technique allows designing practicallinear circuits with good frequency response, low distortion, and stability comparable to that of ordinary circuits.
ISOLATION—Parasitic capacitance arising from use ofreverse biased p-n junctions to isolate transistors andother regions in integrated circuits has been another important problem, particularly at high frequencies. Recent
progress in alternately applying epitaxial growth andselective diffusion points to improved isolation, however.
One technique considered useful up to 100 Mc is to diffuse p-type impurities through an n-type layer epitaxiallygrown on a lightly doped p-type substrate."common-emitter current gain of 20 at 1namp and noise
figures of about 1db, feels they can be incorporated in a
1,000-transistor computer that would dissipate 5 mw.
While power gain has been obtained in nanowatt circuits, it is felt an order of magnitude size reduction isneeded for significant speed through, perhaps, a filamentary transistor to cope with lead capacitance.'
Present logic schemes are being investigated at U. S.
Army Electronics R & D Laboratory (USAERDL) to
determine the tradeoffs that would occur at microwatt
levels. James Meindl points out we can't assume relative merits and limitations at present milliwatt levels willbe the same at microwatt. However, he cites the follow-

NONELECTRICAL EFFECTS—Phenomena other thanelectrical should also be watched for in designing semiconductor integrated circuits. Figure 6 shows how thermal feedback can reduce the temperature variation of a
Zener diode voltage reference. Resistors R, and R2 establish a constant potential of approximately 0.4 y on thebase of transistor Qi;this is insufficient for conduction atroom temperature. When the supply voltage is turnedon, current through R8 flows into the base of Q2,resultingin Q2 dissipating enough power to raise the substratetemperature. As the temperature of Q, increases, the baseto-emitter voltage required for conduction decreases until
Q, starts conducting. Current flowing into Q, then reduces the current at the base of Q2 and the dissipation
decreases until an equilibrium temperature is reached."
There is also the possibility of exploiting the relation
between frequency characteristics and distance for suchdevices as filters and oscillators. If asinusoidally varying
54

' I'

11 1 11INCH
TUNNEL•EMISSION device fabrication program at Burroughs
Laboratories has produced these diodes with 30-40-angstromthick oxide layers. Current density of 175 amp/cm can be
maintained and devices have worked with 35 ma d-c
electronics

IL% jiLihuhuhui riumitiniumei
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THIN-FILM PILOT production system built by IBM for Naval Avionics Facility at Indianapolis fabricates passive networks on SiO-coated33/
4 ,•.< 5-3/16-irch substrates contiluously in a four-stage deposition process.
Equipment is first step toward what Navy hopes will
eventually be a pilot production capability for complete thin-film circuits%DE IN I &J. S. A

4.

priTrrrirfrviirrrippi liprp,,6 ,1,1,1,,,h,,h,,,7, ,5,1,1,1,1,1,,,'I11l lIIl'I'l'I u'lI'l
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Q2

,POWER
DISSIPATIONr TO
I TEMPERATURE
TRANSFERREGIONSEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS WELDED ABOUTTHEIR PERIPHERIES TO
SUBSTRATEEXTERNAL CONNECTOR PINS

-I

(A)
10 -5
TO-IB

GAS PLATED (CRI ELECTROPLATED ALUMINA
OR BERYLLIA MULTILAYERINTERCONNECTION BOARD

TEMPERATURE
TO VOLTAGE
TRANSFERREGION

\

HEAT
FLOW
REGIONUNCASEDHOW THERMAL FEEDBACK reduces temperature variation of a
voltage reference for analog-to-digital conversion in the telemetry encoder Texas Instruments is building for ASD—Fig. 6

NPN TRANSISTORPNP TRANSISTORNPN TRANSISTORCOLLECTOR
BASE

OXIDE
LAYER

ALLOYEDCONTACTSEMITTERCASED FLAT-FORM PACKAGEPINS TO INTERCONNECT TO
MOTHERBOARD WITH THERMAL
DISSIPATION MEMBERS

ELECTRON BEAM SCRIBEDCONDUCTOR PATHS(B)

CONCEPTUAL illustration of unencapsulated hermetic header
for intra-interconnection of semiconductor integrated circuits(A) and interconnection—packaging system for joining cased
and uncased circuits and assembling systems (B) under study
at Hamilton Standard div. of United Aircraft for ASD—Fig. 8

5.50"
,32
RESISTORALLOYEDCONTACTS

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STACKED

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gm N-SUBSTRATEP-EPITAXIALPNP COLLECTORPNP EMITTERNPN BASE

NPN COLLECTORPNP BASE
NPN EMITTER• S7
CONNECTOR FOR

CROSS-SECTION of Texas Instruments' recently-announced series
52 linear amplifier illustrates how npn and pnp transistors can
now be diffused into a single block of silicon—Fig. 7

ing problems microwatt logic designers will face regardless of the logic they select.
• Leakage currents with silicon transistors can be significant compared with operating current, /en° of 0.1 to
1 microampere is possible depending upon how high atemperature

circuitisdesigned

for.

But

germaniumtransistors will not be feasible.
•Current gain of ordinary micropower transistor will
be more temperature sensitive thantransistors.

that ofmilliwatt• Because microampere currents are obtained at essentially the same junction voltages as milliampere cur56

EXTERNAL LEADSMODULE HOLDS 32 chips and occupies 13 cubic inches in thispackaging technique by Autonetics—Fig. 9

rents, a high impedance circuit will result. This circuit
will be slower in almost direct proportion to the current
drop—if a l-mw circuit operates at 1 Mc, then the
1-microwatt version will operate at approximately 1 Kc.
• In designing microwatt logic circuits it will be absolutely necessary to minimize stray and parasitic device
capacitance.

Also, maximum speed in the 1-100 micro-

watt range

willrequireminimizing

voltageswing

toroughly 0.1 y to 0.4 y by tightening tolerances and controlling temperature.
INTERCONNECTION

AND

PACKAGING —Mostelectronics

often cited as problem number one, size and power drainof interconnections still thwarts the goal of microelectronics and could be the determining factor in the prac-evaluating the parameters themselves."

tical success of aparticular technique. However, thin-film

molecular electronics division, is how to demonstrate reliability that may approach one failure per billion circuit
hours in a few years. He sees the answer in giving users

technology may provide the answer.
Electron beam welding of semiconductor integrated
circuits to aceramic substrate is being studied by Hamilton Standard for ASD Electronic Technology Laboratory. Direct welds as well as bonds with intermediatematerials such as chromium and titanium thin films will
be used to hermetically seal all active surfaces while atthe same time dissipating heat and providing for interconnections with minimum parasitic coupling (Fig. 8A).
Production processes are also being developed and an
unbalanced production line set up for the ASD Manufacturing Technology Laboratory to interconnect present
semiconductor integrated circuit systems. As shown in
Fig. 8B, cased (or future uncased) circuits are attached
to agrooved ceramic wafer of high thermal conductivity.
A conductive matrix for interconnecting the packages,
thin-film passive elements, and external circuits is fabricated by electron beam etching. Plated-through vertical
feedthroughs permit crossovers, matrix design allows
additional horizontal-vertical layers to be added to yieldamultilayer matrix of horizontal networks.

A major problem for users according to Harry
Knowles, general manager of Westinghouse Electric's

visibility into the process control and providing an analytical capability for overstressing devices. Then by determining the predominate failure modes in a run the user
can extrapolate for his mission.
Advanced linear circuit design will also call for cooperation between device manufacturers and systems people in writing specs for such things as high-frequency
properties, which can be measured only on the completed
circuit. Inability to measure within the wafer may require
more designing statistically for aclass of devices.
Biggest day-to-day problem for designers could comefrom the high-frequency circuits that work only in the
final encapsulation. Conventional breadboarding techniques fall down here and there is no possibility of trouble-shooting economically. Bell Labs engineers say designers will therefore have to operate more precisely
than they have, possibly do more computer simulation or
low-frequency analog work to be certain of their design.

Hughes feels its electroless copper plating processdeveloped for pellet circuits will provide a mass interconnection technique as reliable as printed circuit wiring. No high temperatures are involved.

THE FUTURE—By

Near term will see greater use of flexible conductors,
and also flat packets and stacked thin-film wafers. Packaging technique for semiconductor networks (which haveflat form factor and leads) used by the Apparatus division of Texas Instruments on several equipment contracts

will undoubtedly arise that bear little resemblance tothose presently under development. Key research areas
to watch include: optoelectronics, new materials phenomena, active thin-film device research, homogeneous
semiconductors, bionics, and advanced fabrication tech-is built around 1.5-inch-wide printed circuit boards withwelded connections. On one contract, a computer unit
has been delivered on which 49 boards are mounted in a
package that weighs about 11/ lb, occupies about 22
2
cubic inches and meets environmental specifications for
airborne operation per MIL-E-5400.
Figure 9 shows a packaging concept under study forniques like selective epitaxial growth.

Autonetics armament control circuits and systems.
Optical soldering techniques have been used to fabricate modules for flat packages as shown in Fig. 10." A
system has been conceived and partially realized using
this concept that will contain 35 circuits, dissipate 100
mw at 3.3 v, occupy 0.45 cubic inch, weigh 0.02 oz.
There is also considerable effort to eliminate thermocompression bonds, particularly in high vibration environments like space. One technique under study is aceramic sandwich where evaporated wiring on one wafer
would be fused to circuit contacts on the other.
TESTING—Whole area of specification and testing
faces change as we head toward microelectronics. With
component junctions largely inaccessible, users want newmeasurements they can perform to check temperaturestability and major device parameters. Failure rates
which have largely been gathered on the fomponent levelare now needed on a circuit level. Manufacturers expectthat if the circuit environment and application are known
then worst case tests on terminal pins can be specified
that will satisfy users. Some feel meaningful acceptancetests can be performed externally by evaluating characteristics that are the sum of internal parameters, rather thanFebruary

15,

1963

THE FUTURE
1970 new forms of integrated circuits

Semiconductor integrated circuits are limited by present diffusion and epitaxial techniques to three or four
layers. One approach that might lead to the next generation is in the early research stages at ASD. They envision
fabricating a "three-dimensional" circuit by selective epitaxial growth, diffusion and vacuum deposition of bothactive and passive components. This would allow growing complex circuits of many layers and then depositing
the metallic interconnections on the surface as the final
step. Connections within the block could be by lowresistivity semiconducting material.
One way to fabricate a 3-D circuit might be to grow anumber of epitaxial layers and isolate the active elements
by high-resolution selective machining with molecularbeams. Because the beam melts as it cuts, however, thiswould probably require later etching to remove shorts
across junctions formed by subsequent refreezing.
Long-range goal at Norden division of United Aircraftis automatic synthesis and manufacture of optimized circuits or systems within a crystal. According to M. W.
Aarons, chief of the applied physics branch at Norden,
it is conceivable that in the future a description of thedesired output in terms of the data supplied to the circuit
will be typed into acomputer. From this point on, manufacturing as well as business decisions would be computer-controlled.
One technical approach might be a laser beam servopositioned over a substrate for controlled local heat.
Various organometallic gases could then be synchronously
valved to the growth chamber so as to epitaxially produce57devices with maximized characteristics, at their proper
position upon the substrate. The substrate would haveacollector material with the right barrier height and mobility that electrons can be collected with useful effi-

large anisotropic thermoconductivity so that heat could
flow only normal to its plane. Such a technique would
allow the selective growth of many presently incompati-

ing the ratio of cadmium to zinc in a layer of cadmiumzinc sulfide evaporated between base and collector.

ble devices of different materials and frequency characteristics over a broad conductivity range, Aarons says.

Sylvania has formed contact rectifiers using titaniumoxide as a semiconductor with current rectification ratios

Optical techniques and devices will become increasingly important in microelectronics.

to 100 at 1v.
•Metal base triode—Because of high input capaci-

If a 3-D circuit could be fabricated out of a material

tance, presently conceived tunnel triodes are not expectedwith photoconductive properties, such as gallium arsenide,
then connection within the block could be done optically.
Such ascheme is shown in Fig. 11. Here the intrinsic andto exceed the performance of a good high-frequency
transistor. The metal base triode might, however. For an-type material is transparent to the coupling light frequency and the p-type material is opaque. Thus, light
conducting paths can be made by varying the doping.
At infrared wavelengths semiconductors such as indium antimonide, lead selenide, lead sulfide and siliconexhibit photoelectric, photovoltaic and photoconductive
properties when exposed to the proper wavelength oflight energy. Several of the photoconductive semiconductors can be fabricated into resistive areas that are variable when light is incident on the surface. Diffused resistors are also possible with these same materials andcan be fabricated to a precision of L.1720 percent.
ACTIVE THIN-FILM DEVICES—Desire for a compatible technology that permits fabricating complete thinfilm circuits with their interconnections in large volume
and low cost is spurring widespread research on majoritycarrier amplifiers and other active thin-film devices
shown in Fig. 12. 17. " Where there is to be competition
between thin-film and semiconductor integrated circuits,
it will come when these devices can be fabricated reproducibly—but few expect this before 1965. Here's a rundown of their status:•Tunnel triodes—Absence of semiconductors hasbrought research support for this hot-electron tunnelingdevice from such groups as Harry Diamond Labs,
USAERDL and NASA who hope for high radiation resistance. Problems are formidable, however, and nobody
has yet reported power gain. One must fabricate 20-to-50
angstrom oxide films to handle 107 volts per cm, and findciency. Philco is trying to control barrier height by vary-

given emitter charging time it can operate at current
densities two orders of magnitude lower than the tunnel
triode, and its characteristically low base resistance gives
the metal base triode a power gain-bandwidth productabout two orders of magnitude better. With 10-micron
layers, it should oscillate in the 100-Gc range."
Although present structures use single-crystal semiconductors, the device may be evaporable. Even if it isnot, however, it could be important in high-frequency
hybrid circuits if a base metal is found that injected carriers can traverse without losing too much energy.
•Space-charge-limited triode—Although power gainor current transfer have yet to be reported, there is thepossibility of 900-Mc operation. Difficult fabrication
problems at the micron dimensions include properly placing the overlays to obtain isolated grid-base and gridcollector structures. GE Electronics Lab is studying
evaporated cadmium sulfide devices containing an oxideencased gold grid. In future experiments the cadmium
sulfide may be replaced by zinc oxide to allow better
control of trap density, which must be made very small.
•Field-effect triode—Most successful performance todate has been obtained with the cadmium sulfide thinfilm transistor (TFT). This insulated-gate field-effecttransistor operates in enhancement and depletion modes
similarly to the silicon insulated-gate device. If performance can be improved and repeatable stable devices made,then the TFT would have the same potential for voltage
controlled relay-type logic.
In the enhancement mode TFT's have had g„,'s greaterthan

10,000

micromhos

and

12-Mc

7
+12V
6

2V/DIV

(A)
+I2V

5

TWO

4
3
2

typical characteristics
as shown in (A) are

RCA

TFT's

with

used with a common
load resistor in NOR
gate (B); a 5-v pulse
applied to input ofeither TFT gate (C)causes output to dropby 3 y (D). Two-stage

audio amplifier (E) has
circuit (F) which is not
yet fully operative but
has first stage waveform shown for 10-Kc
input in (G)—Fig. 13

GROUND(C)

gain-bandwidth

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CONCEPT of 3-D integrated circuit under study at ASO—Fig. 11

ALL LEADS ARESOLDERED TO
EACH BOARD

FIRST THREE elements of a basic module for flat packages
fabricated by optical soldering method developed at Johns
Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory—Fig. 10

METAL
COLLECTOR,

THIN INSULATOR_ --THIN METAL
BASE

METAL
EMITTERTUNNEL TRIODE(HOT ELECTRONS TUNNELTHROUGH INSULATOR)COLD
SOURCE—eGATE,/INSULA IN,/SUBSTRATTHIN METALBASE

INSULATORGOLD DRAINCADMIUMSULFIDEALUMINUM BASE
ALUMINUM OXIDECADMIUMSULFIDEGOLD EMITTERCOLLECTOR

ANODE...uGRIDSEMICONDUCTOREMITTERULATINTRATMETAL BASE TRIODE(SCHOTTKYBARRIEREMITS HOT CARRIERS)SILICONMONOXIDE

FIELD- EFFECTTRIODESEMICONDUCTORCOLLECTORCATHODESPACE -CHARGELIMITED TRIODEDIELECTRIC

SEMICONDUCTOR
N\

ANODE
GRID
CATHODE

DEPLETION LAYER
TRANSISTOR

JUNCTION
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FIELD EMISSIONTRIODETRUE INTEGRATED thin-film circuits could result if research on these active thin-film devices is successful—Fig.

12

OUT
IN

(F)
IN

IN

OUT
2 )u. SEC /DIV

(D)

10 KC

OSC

(G)

products.'

Materials other than cadmium sulfide havebeen used, higher mobility of some
may make these more promising.

3-5pected to withstand 900 C temperature, operate at lesscompounds

than 100 yand support (at micron size only) 10' to lO s w

Typical TFT's (seeper square inch. While no devices have been built yet,simulation studies indicate the idea is feasible. Resolu-

Fig. 13A) have g„,
3,000 micromhos/v, source resistance
15,000 ohms and amplification factors of 30.
They have recently been used under an ONR contract tofabricate complete circuits such as aNOR gate (Fig. 13B)
and an audio amplifier with again of 20 db up to 70 Kc.

tion of 300 angstroms has been obtained in the machining
process, and a vacuum system built to reach 10 ." mm of
mercury in two hours.

•Depletion layer transistor—Raytheon is studying afield-effect device analogous to the depletion layer transis-

HOMOGENEOUS DEVICES—This class of junctionless devices may someday yield the true function-oriented

tor. Carriers are injected directly into the space charge

approach to microelectronics, where discrete circuit elements are absent and the electronic function is performed

region at the collector surface; by adjusting base potential it is believed feedback can be prevented and highfrequency operation result.'
Philco has a similar device with single-crystal n-typegermanium as the collector.

Power gain of 10 db has

been measured at 10 Mc and oscillation has been observed above 40 Mc.'
•Some feel growing single-crystal semiconductors onto
single-crystal or amorphous substrates will be more
fruitful than trying to build majority-carrier amplifiers.
Sylvania is attempting to form thin-film silicon p-njunction devices on ceramic substrates by rheotaxial
growth.

They

have

depositedlaboratory

diodesandtransistors, latter giving alphas of approximately 0.985
and betas of about 60 at V„ = 5 y and 1„ = 0.1 ma.'
General Dynamics! Astronautics is researching deposition of single-crystal semiconductor films on amorphous
substrates. They fabricate 500-angstrom-thick seed crystal films on a soluble substrate by direct epitaxy, thenfloat the crystal onto an amorphous substrate and thicken

by some bulk property of the material.
One that has attracted considerable attention is the
cadmium sulfide ultrasonic amplifier, which uses thepiezoelectric effect for electric-to-sonic coupling. Bell
Labs is presently studying ways to suppress spontaneous
oscillations so it can operate c-w, possibly at 100's of Mc.
Immediate plan is to use it as abooster in abroadband
delay line. However, if better transducers can be devised
it might be a high-frequency transistor substitute. This
would require transducers with large conversion efficiencies at losses below 6-10 db. Diffusion-layer transducers,
where copper forms a high resistivity layer in conductive
cadmium sulfide, might be the answer here.
Other homogeneous devices include the cryosar, oscillistor and helicon. Latter is under study at Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris, works by a traveling-wave
interaction in a semiconductor plasma. It is considered
promising as a low frequency isolator, has operated at
50 Mc. Active geometrics are also being sought.

by pyrolytic decomposition.
MeIpar has deposited tunnel diodes pyrolytically on

Combinations of materials phenomena may also leadto new types of function-oriented devices. One presently

fused silica substrates. Martin is studying depositing germanium heteroepitaxially on sodium chloride and thenseparating the germanium film by sublimation.

under preliminary investigation by ASD is photoferroelectricity—the varying of ferroelectric characteristics ofmaterials by incident light. Devices utilizing photopiezoelectricity are also anticipated.
Navy and others feel not enough work is being done inbioelectronics and self-organizing systems. Stepped-up effort in these areas could have an important influence on
microelectronics, lead to capability for high component
redundancy, self-diagnosis and healing through exploita-•Vacuum thin-films—Most ambitious and original
approach may well be the four-year-old program at Stanford Research Institute to build micron-size field-emission
triodes and tetrodes."Sponsored by USAERDL and
ONR, aim is a one-cubic-inch data processing machinewith 10" amplifying, switching, storage and transducer
elements. Devices would be fabricated from refractory
metals by electron-beam-activated machining, are ex-tion of such areas as electrochemical phenomena, organic
semiconductors and artificial neurons.

REFERENCES(1) E. Keonjian and J. Marx, The
Arma Micro Computer for Space Applications, Spaceborne Computer Conference, Anaheim, Calif., Oct. 1962.
(2) A. Gross, Cleveland Metal Specialties, private comm., Nov. 6, 1962.
(3) G. Mealey, General Dynamics/
Astronautics, private comm., Dec. 1962.
(4)
EIA Microsystem Electronics
Bulletin No. 1, Recommended Terminology
inMicrosystem
Electronics,
Dec. 1962 (definitions formulated by
MCA-1 and 2 subcommittees).
(5) W. D. Fuller, Lockheed Missiles
and Space Co., private comm., Nov. 27,
1962.
(6) W. D. Fuller, Production Techniques for Integrated Electronics, 6th
National Conference on Product Engineering and Production, San Francisco,Nov. 1962.
(7) W. W. Eckess, Pacific Semiconductors,
privatecommunication,
Nov. 30, 1962.
(8) F. M. Wanless and C. T
Nanowatt Logic Using Field-EffectMetal-Oxide
Semiconductor
Triodes,
paper to be presented at 1963 International Solid-State Circuits Conference, Philadelphia.

60(9) P. S. Castro, A Thin-Film Frequency Discriminator, East Coast Conference on Aerospace and Navigational
Electronics, Baltimore, Oct. 1962.
(10) W. E. Newell, Proc IRE. p. 2,
517, Dec. 1962.
(11) H. C. Lin, M. J. Geisler, andK. K. Yu, A New Unipolar-Bipolar
Transistor
ConfigurationforIntegrated Audio Amplifiers, paper to bepresented at 1963 International SolidState Circuits Conference, Philadelphia.
(12) D. S. King, G. R. Madland, andW. J. Carrigan, Methods of Isolationof Active Elements in Integrated Circuits, IRE PGED meeting, Wash., Oct.
1962.
(13) A. D. Evans, Molecular Electronics Telemetry Encoder, Texas Instruments Interim Engineering Report 02-62-4 under contract No. AF
33(616)-8339, Jan. 1962.
(14) W. W. Gaertner, Nanowatt Devices, IRE PGED meeting, Wash., Oct.
1962.
(15) G. J. Veth, High Density Microelectronic System Realization, National
Winter Convention on Military Electronics, Los Angeles, Jan. 1963.
(16) R. H. Norman and R. C. Ander-son, Testing of Micrologic Elements,
WJCC, Los Angeles, May 1961.
(17)P. K. Weimer, Thin-Film Active
Devices, East Coast Conference on
Aerospace and Navigational Electronics, Baltimore, Oct. 1962.
(18) W. Tantraporn, How Good Are
Thin-Film Triodes, ELECTRONICS p 29,
Dec. 28, 1962.
(19) M. M. Atalla, The Hot Electron Triode with Semiconductor-Metal
Emitter,
Northeast
Electronics ResearchandEngineering
Meeting(NEREM), Boston, Nov. 1962.
(20) H. Borkan and P. K. Weimer,
Characteristics of the Insulated-GateThin-Film Transistor, NEREM, Boston, Nov. 1962.
(21) J. M. Lavine and A. A. Iannini,
The Metal Interface Amplifier, NEREM,
Boston, Nov. 1962.
(22) R. F. Schwarz et al, A Tunnel
Emission Triode, IRE PGED meeting,Washington, Oct. 1962.
(23)
E.
Rasmanis,Thin
Film
Semiconductor PN Junction Devices,
NEREM, Boston, Nov. 1962.
(24) M. M. Perugini and N. Lindgren, Microminiaturization, ELECTRONics, p 77, Nov. 25, 1960.
electronics

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400-12C NIGH GAIN ANTENNAOGO can carry as many as 50 experiments in a variety of orbits. Gas jets keep vehicle in correct earth attitude

Inside the ORBITINGGEOPHYSICAL OBSERVATORYThe orbital geophysical observatory (OGO), due for launch thissummer will carry 50 diversified experiments in a wide varietyof orbits and may become the space workhorse of the future
By P. F. GLASER and E. R. SPANGLER space Technology Labs, Inc., Redondo Beach. California

FIRST
PLANNED
ORBIT
of
OGO
(orbiting geophysical observatory) will be an inclined,
highly elliptical one having an inclination of 31 degrees, a perigee of
150 nautical miles, and an apogee of
60,000 nautical miles. The name
EGO (eccentric orbiting geophysical observatory) has been given tothis specific mission to be launched
in 1963. The second orbit, with aninclination of 90 degrees, is to havean apogee of 500 and a perigee of
140 nautical miles. This mission has
been named POGO (polar orbiting
geophysical observatory). The basic
spacecraft for either mission will be
the same, but the experiments will
differ.
A model of OGO, unfolded as inorbit, is shown in the photographs.
February

15,

1963

The basic body is a parallelopiped
approximately 6 x 3 x 3 feet. Two
doors on opposite sides of thelength of the body contain thoseexperiments that will face the earthor precisely away from the earth.
The remaining two long sides andone small side of the body containthermal-radiating surfaces that areautomatically exposed or covered

OGO, EGO, POGO
The toilworn craftsman that with earth-made implements laboriously
conquers the earth—Carlyle, "Sartor Resartus"
OGO (orbiting geophysical observatory) is the basic spacecraftof EGO (eccentric orbit geophysical observatory and POGO
(polar orbiting geophysical observatory). It is extremely flexible
and can carry a large number of experiments. Because of aninternal patch panel, last-minute experiments can be included
with minimum vehicle changes. EGO will probably be launchedthis summer followed by POGO next winter61

by thermal louvers actuated by individual bimetal elements on eachlouver. In orbit, these three sides
never see the sun and are used toradiate the heat away from thebody of the spacecraft. The body,
except for radiating areas, is completely insulated to contain internal
heat and reject external heat.
Two long booms, designed for experiments such as magnetometersthat require separation from masking effects of the rest of the spacecraft, are each 22 feet long. Four
short booms four-feet long, containexperiments less sensitive to, but
still undesirably affected by, proximity of other equipment. Antennas
are also mounted on the shortbooms to take advantage of the improved antenna pattern possible byremoval from the main spacecraft
body. Two packages are mounted at
the aft of the spacecraft for thoseexperiments that require that they
face either forward or backward in
the orbital plane. These packages
have been labeled orbit plane experiment packages (OPEP). The
attitude control jet nozzles are also
placed on booms on the forward end
to increase the lever arm and thus
reduce gas system weight. Two
solar cell paddles are mounted on ashaft running through the spacecraft and can be rotated to allow
the cells to remain normal to sunlight despite the constantly changing orientation of the body as one
surfacecontinuously
faces
the
earth. Two solar oriented experi-with eachtransistor.
Turning
power transistor Qi or Q2 full on
effectively shorts one-half of theseries cells being controlled, reduc-ment packages (SOEP), one oneach array, are provided for experiments which must face directly
toward, or away from the sun at all
times.
Three features of OGO permit
spacecraft flexibility basic to conception. Automatic charge regulation has been incorporated since thespacecraft must be capable of efficient operation in a relatively large
spectrum of thermal and solarpower environments. The need for
OGO to communicate effectively
from a wide variety of orbits without redesign for each mission has
required new features in this system. Since the requirement for theing the output voltage by one-halfand the output current to zero. Except immediately after eclipse when
the solar array is cold,
this
method controls solar array output
from full on to off with less power
dissipation than a series-type regulator. When the array is cold, control is lost and the battery voltage
and load and battery currents set
the array operating point. An advantage of this method of regulation is that power is required only
when power is available. When thesolar array is incapable of maintaining both the load and selected

data-handling circuits to accommodate the needs of changing experiments is unique in spacecraft, thesesystems, for both digital and analog
data, are unique.

charge currents, the transistors are
switched off.
During normal charging, after
eclipse and before the batteries
reach a preselected voltage or temperature level, charge current isregulated at a selected level adjusted by charge level set command
switch S. Four charge current
levels can be selected by command
ranging from trickle charge to fullarray capability. Resistors R4 andR2define the trickle charge level andany shunt resistance causes thischarge level to increase.
When the battery voltage increases to a preselected level as aresult of charging, the voltage
monitor switches the charge current from the selected level to the

CHARGE CONTROL — Battery
charge control consists of two current regulators, each maintaining apreselected charge current to thebattery pack connected to its output.
A functional block diagram of the
OGO power system, which includes
the elements of the charge controller is shown in Fig. 1. Eachregulator has two output powertransistors with each transistor
controlling one-third of the array.
Thus, two-thirds of the solar arrayis controlled by each regulator.
The solar array is controlled byshunting current of one-half of theseries solar cell modules associatedtrickle charge level by shutting off

Di
TO
SECONDARRAY— POWERSYSTEMRE -AMPLDIFF AMPL

LOAD
BUS

125F SWITCH

s.4
• Io
BISTABLE

3ET

CURR SENSE

03
'VOLT
MON

DELAY .
5-I5SEC

95F
SWITCH Ti

2

CURR
DIRECTBATTERY charging system consists of two circuits like that shown above, one for each solar orrery. Battery charge isdetermined by temperature—Fig. 1
62electronics

_1

transistor Q. The bistable flip-flop,with associated time delay, allows
the trickle charge to occur for only
5 to 15 seconds, at which time therate is reset to the selected rate.
The cycle is continued each time thebattery exceeds the preselected voltage level.
Should the battery reach a temperature greater than 95 F but lessthan 125 F, the 95 F normally closed
switch opens, causing the array todrop to a trickle charge of thebattery. This continues until thetemperature of the battery is reduced to below 95 F.
A battery failure is indicated bya temperature greater than 125 F.
When this temperature occurs, the125 F normally-open switch closes
and operates failure transfer relay
K,. This relay opens the battery
charging circuit (diode D, reverse
biased) and allows discharge of themalfunctioning battery only to theextent of its remaining capability
during eclipse; connects the disconnected array buss and the arraybuss of the good battery by diodeD2;transfers control of the regulating transistors to the other regulator by relay K.; and causes the
charge rate of the remaining battery to be switched to full-on
until overridden by a ground command.
Should both batteries fail, theregulating transistors are switched
into saturation. The remaining unregulated two-thirds of the array
will provide approximately 26 volts
at nominal load current. Thus, evenwith both batteries failed, limited
operation of the spacecraft when
the solar array is illuminated isstill possible.
COMMUNICATIONS—One of the
major tasks in obtaining flexibility
in the OGO design has been to provide a communications and data
handling system to accommodate
the separate missions while maximizing communication efficiency
and minimizing weight.
The command and tracking functions of OGO use approximately 120
and 136 Mc respectively, making
use of a single omnidirectional antenna with essentially 0-db gain. A
combined diplexer-coupler allows
transmission at 136 Mc and reception at 120 Mc simultaneously. The
coupler allows two transmission
ports and two receiver ports to be
February

15,

1963

I

COMMAND
DiSTRIB.

SPACECRAFT
INSTRUMENT
CONDITIONINGANALOGAND
DIGITAL
EXPERIMENTSREGDIGITAL
DECODERNECTONE
DECODER

100mW
TRANS

100mw
TRANS

SPACECRAFTSENSORSTELEMETRY
PATCH
PANEL

-411>

0

DIGITAL
DECODERD1PLEX ER

I20-I36MCOMNIANTENNA_t

DIGITALHANDLING

LOW
FRED
TIMINGIOW
TRANS

DIGITALHANDLFOG

TAPE
RECORDERSWiDEBANDTRANS

DIGITALHANDLING

SPECIALPURPOSETELEMETRYWIDEBANDTRANS

DIGITALHANDL NG

SPECIAL
TRANS

400MC
DIRECTIONAL 10
ANT
400MC
COUPLER

17

"
OHM
LOAD

400MC
COUPLER

EGO

POGO

400MC
OMNI
ANT

COMMUNICATION system of OGO uses three tracking transmitters andthree wide-band transmitters for telemetry—Fig. 2

made available in a single unit asshown in Fig. 2.
For EGO, three transmitters arecarried to provide an unmodulated
signal to the ground tracking interferometer. A 100-mw transmitterat 136 Mc operates continuously.
The redundant unit can be switched
in by command. The 10-w tracking
transmitter, used only on those missions with an apogee at an altitude
greater than 6,000 nautical miles, iscontrolled by a timer which turns
the transmitter off 45 seconds after
it is commanded on. During thetime the 10-w unit is operating, the100-mw unit that had been operating is automatically turned off.
When the 10-w unit goes off, the100-mw unit is then turned back on.
Three telemetry transmitters operating at 400 Mc, two redundant
4-w units for wideband telemetrytransmission and ahalf-watt special
purpose transmitter are also carried. Normally wideband telemetry
will be transmitted by a directional
antenna providing 12-db gain. For
low-altitude passes of EGO and

POGO, an omnidirectional antenna
will be used and either transmittercan be used for either antenna. The
special-purpose telemetrytransmitter is provided for experiments
which are not compatible with thetime-sharing feature of the wideband system or whose analog measurements need to be transmitted in
an unprocessed form. All transmitters are solid state with the wideband units having a strip-line filterand biphase modulation, with apossible modulation frequency of 1
to 200,000 bits per second. The special-purpose transmitter can use up
to five subcarriers and operate fromany experiment whose output is an
f-m signal within system bandwidthof 0.3 to 100 Ke.
Two redundant a-m command receivers operating in phase diversity
are fed from single elements of acrossed-dipole omnidirectional antenna. Each receiver contains two
age loops, a signal-present relay
and a squelch circuit.
The outputs of the two commandreceivers feed, in a parallel-redun63

dant fashion, two digital decoders
and a single-tone decoder. Three
separate parallel-output amplifiersin each receiver supply the decoders
independently. The squelch or failure detection circuits in the receiver allow the operating receiverto increase its audio gain by 6 db
if the other receiver is not operating. The additional 6 db of signal
level allows the inputs to the various decoders to remain at a constantlevel.
If
bothreceivers
operate, the 6-db gain feature isremoved and the outputs of both
receivers are added, so that ineither case the level to the decoders
is essentially constant.
The digital decoders operate on afrequency-shift keying signal amplitude modulated by a 128-cps sine
wave, defining the bit rate of thedigital command system. The output of the command receivers to thedigital decoders contains the fsk
signal, amplitude-modulated by thebit rate sync signal. The digital
decoder operates on this waveformusing the sync signal to synchronize
the decoder system with the fsk
information signal. Each decoder
can be addressed separately, and it
is possible to obtain an output froma single digital decoder to operate
the command distribution unit. This
unit consists of operating relays ina 16 x 16 matrix, providing 254
commands.

96 f.

MAIN COMMUTATORGATESThe command word contains 24
bits with the first 4 bits of the information signal to the digital decoder containing sync and address
information. The first bit is always
1for sync and the remaining 3 bits
are used for address. It is requiredthat a 1be available in these 3 bits,
thus the system has the capacity toaddress 7decoders independently ofeach other. The next 2 bits define
the mode in which the decoder is tooperate. These 2bits define whether
or not the decoder provides signals
to the command distribution or to
the digital-data handling units. The
two unused mode signals available
in the 2 bits are provided for later
spacecraft when a special programmer will be incorporated toallow change in telemetry operating
mode without ground-station commands. The next 8 bits define the254 commands within the command
distribution unit. The 2 mode bits
and 8 command bits are then repeated in an inverted position, as aparity check in the digital decoder
before any of the relays in the command distribution unit are activated.
DIGITAL DATA HANDLINGThe wideband telemetry consistsof two redundant digital telemetry
systems which either operate inreal time or feed two redundant
recorders for delayed readout.

AP ER TUR E
GATE
MULTI PLIER
SELECTI ON
LINE S112

416
ANALOGI
NPUTS

EXP ER IM ENT
SU BCOMMUTATORGATESTIMING88

SPACEC RAFTSUBCOMMUTATORGATES NO.I

COMPARATOR

LOGIC
GATES

88

SPAC EC RA FTSUBCOMMU TATORGATES NO.2

REFER ENCE

8 BIT
REG I
STE R

32

FLEXI BLE FOR MAT
GATESIN- FLIGH T
CALI BRATOR

8 BIT PA RALLE L
OUTPUT

ANALOG data handling assembly contains gates for the main commutator,
experimental subcommutator, two spacecraft commutators and an analog
flexible format gate—Fig. 3
64

The basic data telemetry format
includes 128 nine-bit words in themain frame. Three subcommutators, each 128 words long, are also
provided. It is possible on command
to operate one of the spacecraft
commutators at the main frame rate
and therefore provide high-data
rates for spacecraft instrumentation purposes if so required. A flexible format is also provided in thedigital telemetry system so that alimited amount of experiments canbe combined to give 32 combinationsof any 32 experiment inputs allowing data to be transmitted at higher
rates than the main frame rate
when desired.
The basic format and timing are
implemented in the digital data
handling unit. In addition, this unit
contains all the necessary gates for
digital experiments and provides
inhibit and shift pulses to digital
experiment shift registers. The
digital data handling unit also provides timing and sequence signals
to the analog data handling unit.
All experiments, either digital or
analog, are fed directly to the telemetry patch panel. This panel defines the amount of cross-strapping
between analog and digital experiments, and is used to define thebasic word setup in all of the commutators. The panel contains approximately 2,000 terminals andcontains all the interconnect points
for both equipment group digital
inhibits, digital gates and analog
gates. The use of such apatch panel
allows last minute changes in thetelemetry format or makeup of an
original format without affecting
the equipment already acceptancetested in the spacecraft.
ANALOG DATA HANDLING —The analog data handling assemblyis shown in Fig. 3. Within this assembly are the analog gates forthe main commutator, the experimentsubcommutator
andtwospacecraft commutators and theanalog flexible format gates. Although 128 words are provided in
the main commutator and all subcommutators, only 96 analog gateshave been provided in the maincommutator, 112 in the experimentsubcommutator and 88 in each of
the spacecraft subcommutators.
Figure 4shows the matrix gatingused in the analog data handlingassembly. The first-level gate stickelectronics

includes eight analog gates paralleled so that when a signal is available at a first-level driver and second-level gate, an output to thethird-level gate occurs. The thirdlevel gate allows an output signal to
be directed to the analog-to-digitalconverter. All identification signals,
aperture-gating signals and matrix
for first- and second-level gatedrive signals are provided from thedigital-data handling assemblies.
The analog-to-digital converter
logic and truth table are shown in
Fig. 5. The converter uses a successive approximation technique toachieve analog-to-digital conversions. Since the lowest quantizationlevel is 0.2 v, 250 levels between
zero and five volts provide an accuracy of 0.4 percent. The converter uses a compressed half-split
sampling technique and accomplishes the conversion at a rate twotimes the highest input rate or 128
bits per second.
As shown in Fig. 5, the analog-todigital converter contains a comparator, digital timing gate, aregister (flip-flops a, through a.)for storage, and a digital-to-analog
converter(switches and ladder
adder). The register flip-flops drive
the a-d switches which in turn define accurate voltage levels by theladder adder. The ladder adder isdesigned to apply binary weights to
the register positions starting witha, as the most significant weight(2.5 v) through a„ with the leastsignificant weight (20 mv).
At time B. the register flip-flops
are preset so that ladder-adder output is one-half of full scale (2.5 v)
and this output, as reference, isapplied to the a-d converter. As
shown in the truth table, underlogic timing B. the state of eachflip-flop is shown as a, = 1, a„ =0, ...a,, = 0. If the analog signal
presented to the comparator is lessthan the reference voltage, a comparison is made. This condition
allows timing pulse 13, to reset theregister flip-flop a, (3, AND gatedwith comparator output C). Pulse
13, also sets a2.The binary weighted
analog output of the d-a converter
is then 1.25 v. Had the analog signal input to the comparator been
greater than half of full scale(> 2.5 v), no comparison would
have been made. Timing pulse 13,
would then have been blocked fromresetting a, while setting a2. The
February 15, 1963

flip-flops are left in states representing the binary equivalent of
the analog signal voltage. If theseeight states are interrogated at thereadout bit rate, a serial string ofbinary bits representing the analog
signal voltage are obtained. This
interrogation is done by the digital
data handling assembly where analog words are combined with otherinformation to form the wideband
telemetry format.

d-a converter reference output voltage would then be 2.5 + 1.25 =3.75 v.
Seven more successive comparisons are made on everdecreasing
portions of full scale until the voltage of the input signal is known towithin one quantization level. One
quantization level is nominally 20
mv out of the full scale of 0 to 5 v.
At the end of the sampling period(following time B.) the register

ANALOGINPUT'7

Y-AXIS WORD SELECT SIGNAL
Wri

W_DHIST LEVELDRIVER

1ST LEVEL GATE

\ \\\\ \ \\151 LEVEL
DRIVERY2

D.H1sT

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LEVEL
DRIVER\iiiiii

ii

III

151 LEVEL
DRIVERhum

ulI•ul3"\\ \ \ LEVEL
GATE
4,61.0,,,

2N0 LEVEL GATE

TO A•DCONVERTEFI

B

6

œi r al, dcr dc,mi. d. l.
ei"*- ifit> eiW
luir

erE1-20WL*

2.%2Ó 2 1g2g
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3RD LEVEL
DRIVER
MULTIPLEXER IRSIGNAL

Wx1

APERTURE GATINGSIGNAL 0,o)

W52 W53 W54 W53.FL

Wx6 W57

W5,3

X-AXIS WORD SELECT SIGNALS

MATRIX gating accepts the analog signal and feeds it to the analog-todigital converter—Fig. 4

FROM
REFERENCE

BO

a'
lo
02

03

04

o
a
06

0
7
06

BI

B
a B3

84

85

r

COMPARATORLOGIC TIMINGde,

8 PARALLELOUTPUT BNARY
LINES TO COMBINERGATEDANALOG
INPUT

86

87

B
el

Bo

B2__D
8,•C
BI

O 80
O Bo

82 'C

B
a
13 3 .0

83
O B
o
o
O B

O Bo

8 4e
84

B3 e

B
6_D
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86

O Bo
o
O B

o

86 .0

8.7-c
B,
86 .0

Bo
REFERENCE OUTPUT TO COMPARATOR

TRUTH TABLE (left) of analog-to-digital converter (right) uses successive approximation to achieve conversion—Fig. 5
65

-60V

TEST
TRANSISTORVARIABLE
TRANSFORMER
\

TC
MODE
SWITCHVTVM

MERCURY
RELAY

R1
IK

0-2 AMPCONSTANTCURRENT
0-4 AMP
SOURCE115V-

MEMORi'CRC'

14

5 VOLT

1.4---*/{(2 --/K 1

IC

0.2

0.2

MULTIVIBRATOR pulses relay K during time-constant determination; 60-cycle supply drives relay for thermal resisttance testing—Fig. 1

Practical Way to Measure Transistor
Test yields thermal resistance and thermal-time-constant data for transistors.

By HAROLD BAUMAN
Environmental Engineer,
Kearfott Division,
General Precision Inc.,
Little Falls, N. J.

THE TWO transistor parametersmost often specified in MIL specs.
are thermal resistance and thermal
time constant. However, the procedures outlined in such specifications are somewhat confusing anddifficult to carry out. This article
sets down a simple and logical setof procedures for thermal testing.
Initially,
thetransistor
ismounted in the circuit shown in
Fig. 1, with provision for adequate heat dissipation during allphases of operation.
In this analysis, the collector-tobase leakage current is the ternperature-sensitive parameter. An
astable multivibrator controls a collector-to-base pulse I., which is generated for 0.3 second every 3 seconds. This produces a pulse, which

sistor Ra.By varying the verticalcontrol, the pulse pattern is shiftedto a predetermined reference line.
Constant power is then applied during the period between pulses, withpower level near the transistor's
normaloperatingsteady-statevalue.

66

in an oven and heated to, say, 60 C,
at which temperature a second
reading, perhaps 250 microamp, istaken. These two points are thenplotted as shown in Fig. 2B, enabling junction temperature T, tobe established for a given L..
The thermal resistance test is
started by switching to the thermal
resistance mode TR. in the test circuit. Although the most reliabletemperature-sensitive parameter injunction transistors is the forward
drop (v,) of the collector junction,
the L. parameter is used in thistest since it is arequired parameter

TIME CONSTANT—During theleakage pulse, L. decreases exponentially to its value at room ambient conditions (Fig. 2A). The
time taken by the trace to reach63.2 percent of the leakage-decreaseis the thermal time constant of thetransistor.
This technique alsomeasures the thermal time constantof the temperature fall. Since thetemperature rise is equal to unity
minus the temperature fall (I -y,),it also measures the time constant
REF LINE

300
tr,

250

o

200

o_

can be monitored on a memory oscilloscope, across the 1,000-ohm reTHERMAL TIME CONSTANT ismeasured by time taken for trace
to reach 63.2 percent of the leakage decrease (A); calibration curve
determines junction temperaturefor given La. (2) — Fig. 2of temperature rise. The first stepin performing the thermal resistance test is transistor calibration.
Initially, an I.. reading (for example, 50 microamp) is taken at
25 C. The transistor is then placed

cc
L.)

150

50

(A)

(B)

10
20
30
40
50 60
JUNCTION TEMP (TO IN DEG.070electronics

USING THE DATANEGATIVE DERATING SLOPEEQUALS TRANSISTOR THERMALRESISTANCE I8j-c)

100ci) 80c
r3 a 60ea z 40

<f)

cc

Li

o

20
20

40
60
80
CASE TEMP (T c )IN DEG. C

100

Transistor power dissipation is related to the ¡unction
temperature by acoefficient called thermal resistance.
Since maximum power and ¡unction temperature aretied together by this value, they lend themselves todetermination of either case temperature IT» or
power dissipation (P d)by using thermal resistance andone of these variables (T, or Pd). This is shown in
power temperature derating curve, where the transistor becomes useless beyond about 120 deg C

THERMAL RESISTANCE
Method satisfies military specificationsin qualification testing of transistors. Both the I,. and V, methods
are subject to an error caused by
the thermal response time of thetransistor. However, this error has
little effect on the outcome of thetests. In silicon transistors where
I— is small, differential-amplifier
techniques are used in the detector
circuit for precise measurements of
the junction temperature.

pending upon the power rating of
the unit.
Slowly increasing I, produces apattern on the scope indicating an
I,., somewhere between the two previous calibration points (Fig. 3A).
Both the thermocouple and I,„ readings are allowed to stabilize, after
which T, and I,, are recorded.
Since the duty cycle of the relay
will not allow readings of I.-, relay
driver voltage is raised to hold relay contacts closed,
permitting
readings to be made more easily.
Current (I,) and voltage (V.)
readings
must thenbe takenquickly to prevent thermal drift.
The latest I,, readings are plottedon the calibration curves (Fig. 2B).
Assuming a reading of 200a (Fig.
3B), this gives a T, reading of
50 C, thus determining junction

HEAT MEASUREMENT—A thermocouple embedded in the heatsink near the transistor provides
readings of temperature (T.) whenpower is applied to the transistor.
Relay (K) driver voltage is adjusted to a convenient value to drive
the mercury relay in its chopper
action. Collector voltage is set toabout 5 volts, the exact value de-temperature for a particular casetemperature.
USING THE DATA—By defining
thermal resistance as the input
power required to raise the junction temperature to some arbitrary
higher temperature, thermal gradient can be calculated by
Thermal resistance (degrees CI
Watt) =
Case Temp (T.) — Junction Temp (T,)
Collector Volts X Collector Current
(V.«)
(I.)

Sample calculation
T, = 65C (taken directly afterthermocouple stabilization)
T, = 50 C (taken from calibrated
curve)
V— = 5.5 volts and I. = 1.8 amp(taken after the mercury relay wasclosed)Thus

300

Thermal Resistance —co 25065 C — 50 C
5.5 volts X1.8 amp
15 C

:co

200 MV

g 200
L)

150

e.8 watts

CALIBRATION
CURVE=1.53 C/watt

E 100

OSCILLOGRAM of relay controlled

o

—

50

DUTY CYCLE(A)
February

(B)
15,

1963

10
20
30
40
50
60
JUNCTION TEMP (TO IN DEG.070

waveform across the test transistor's base resistor (A); I,, readingof 200 microamp corresponds totransistor junction temperature of
50 C (B) — Fig. 3

67

Improving Pulse Rise Time With
Tenfold improvement in pulse rise time is provided by cascading
charge-storage diodes. Snap-off effect of the cascaded diodes is also used
to generate ultrashort pulses that can be used for sampling oscilloscope
By K. C. HU,

RCA Laboratories, Princeton, N. J.

CASCADED charge-storage diodes
can improve rise time of a 30-volt
pulse across 50 ohms from 5 to 0.5
nanosecond. Ultrashort pulses foroscilloscope sampling and other applications can also be provided bycascading these snap-off diodes.
The recurrence rate of the snap-off
action can be as high as several
hundred megacycles.
Available pulse generators can
supply pulses having a rise time ofabout 5 nanoseconds. These pulsesof 500 milliamperes to 1 ampere
can be supplied to a load of 50 to
100 ohms at recurrence rates of
1 Mc and higher. However, evenwith the best available components,
such performance requires elaborate and careful circuit design,
such as a negative power supply toenable d-c coupling. Several forward-biased charge-storage diodes
in cascade across the output transmission line of the pulse generator
can materially improve pulse risetime.
The extra loading on the generator output by the charge-storage
diodes is more than compensated by
the impressive improvement in rise°
Lr

GETTING MOREOUT OF SNAP-OFF
If snap-off in one charge-storage
diode can improve pulse risetime, two or three cascaded diodes should improve it even
more.
Here is how suitably
biased charge-storage diodes
provide a tenfold improvement
in rise time and also enablegeneration of ultrashort pulses

time. Rise time is about 0.5 nanosecond for a typical 30-volt pulse
across 50 ohms, which is a tenfold
improvement.
SNAP-OFF—When a reverse voltage is applied to the charge-storage
or snap-off diode after it has been
conducting in the forward direction, it conducts in the reverse direction because of the charges
stored near the junction.' The reverse current decreases during aperiod called the transition phase

until the charges have been removed. The transition period isshort and is related to structure of
the semiconductor device. When thediode is driven from a source with
low internal impedance, the sudden
stoppage of reverse current (snapoff ) causes a sharp step change involtage across the diode. The snapoff action has been used during thepast few years, but its usefulness
can be considerably extended bycascading several charge-storage
diodes.
Three charge-storage diodes havebeen cascaded in Fig. 1. If the generator pulse were positive insteadof negative, the diodes and theirassociated biases would be reversed.
A coaxial cable of matched characteristic impedance is generally necessary to transmit the fast-risingpulses from the generator to theload. The coaxial transmission line
is also convenient for mounting thediodes. The mechanical constructionof the mounting is shown in Fig. 2.
The r-f path is made as short as
possible while preserving the continuity of the transmission line.
The instant that snap-off occurs

ATTENUATION

FROM
PULSE
GENERATOR

BIASES for cascaded charge-storage diodes are adjusted separately tocontrol instant that snap-off occurs—Fig. 1
68electronics

Snap-Off Diodes
for a given applied pulse depends
on forward bias current. Therefore,
forward bias current for each diodemust be adjusted separately to increase steepness of the entire leading edge where this is desirable.
In some applications, only thestep in aportion of the leading edge
is of interest, such as when the diode is followed by a differentiator
to generate short pulses. Although
not yet fully investigated, the slopeof the snap-off for a given diodedepends on rise time of the applied
reverse voltage. Thus, the resultant
step is sharper if the snap-off stepof a previous diode is used to drive
the subsequent diode. The bias required is different from that needed
for uniform steepness of the complete leading edge, and separate adjustment of the bias for eachcharge-storage diode is again necessary.
IMPROVING RISE TIME — A
pulse is shown in Fig. 3A before
and after the effects of three cascaded charge-storage diodes, andthe leading edges of the pulse areshown in Fig. 3B. A Model 121 E-H
Research Labs, Inc., pulse generator
and three FD-100 charge-storage
diodes were used in these experiments. A Tektronics type N sampling attachment and 543 oscilloscope were used to make these recordings. The sampling unit has arise time limit of about 0.6 nanosecond.
The experimental results shownin Fig. 3C were obtained using a
Lumatron 112A sampling oscilloscope adjusted for maximum bandwidth. The rise time limit of thisoscilloscope is about 0.2 nsec. The
biases used on the first, second andthird charge-storage diodes were100, 75 and 50 ma, respectively. In
general, the first diode increases
steepness of the last half of the
February

15,

1963

STROBOSCOPIC sampling oscilloscope was used to observe the effectof the three charge-storage diodes mounted on the coaxial cable at theleft of the rack
leading edge; the third diode increases steepness of the initial portion of the leading edge; the second
diode improves rise time of the remainder of the leading edge.
ULTRASHORT PULSES — Ultrashort pulses have been generated bydifferentiating the step voltage resulting from snap-off in chargestorage diodes. Differentiated pulses
as short as 0.2 nsec have been measured at an amplitude of 0.5 volt
across 50 ohms. Such pulses havebeen used in strobing sampling oscilloscopes by some instrument manufacturers.'
For a given voltage, the cascading of charge-storage diodes tends
to generate pulses having shorter

DISK
CAPACITORBRASS CLAMP AND PLATESOLDEROUTER SHIELDCENTERCONDUCTOR

INSULATIONSTORAGE DIODE

MOUNTING
of charge-storage
diode is provided by generator coaxial cable—Fig. 2

rise times than those that have beenreported using a single diode. The
reason is again that a faster rising
driving pulse is supplied to eachsuccessive diode by the snap-off action of the previous diode. Differentiation of the fast-rising waveform was achieved by placing an
inductor (a piece of metal) between
the center conductor and the shieldof the transmission line at a position between the last diode and theload.
The pulses that resulted using
one, two and three charge-storage
diodes are shown in Fig. 4. Again,
the Lumatron Model 112A sampling
oscilloscope was used. Since the risetime limit of the oscilloscope isabout 0.2 nsec, the difference between using two or three chargestorage diodes is not obvious. However, the difference can be seen
when the resulting pulses are used
for strobing in a specially built
sampling oscilloscope. The waveform in Fig. 5 with the different
strobe pulses shows the differencein signal rise time.
The oscilloscope was designed todisplay fast-rising waveforms having repetition rates up to several
gigacycles. The signal in Fig. 4wasobtained from atunnel diode monostable switching circuit with a 500Mc sinusoidal input in addition to69

a d-c bias.

Strobing rate is phasemodulated around a center frequency of about 5 Mc, which is syn-chronized with the signal. A GaAs
sampling diode was used as a mix-Some precautions should be taken

waveform indicates maximum widthof the strobing pulse. Thus, in Fig.
5C, maximum% width of the top portion of the strobing pulse that opens
the gate is 0.1 nanosecond. It could
be much narrower, since switchingtime of this circuit as determinedfrom calculations and by othermethods is nearly 0.1 nsec. If band-

EFFECT of three charge-storage
diodes on pulse leading edge i's
shown at 5 nsec (A), 1 nsec (B)and 0.5 nsec (C) per cm with vertical scale of 10 volts per cm—
Fig. 3(A)

inusing this technique,

such

as

loading from forward-biased diodes.
Also, slowly rising pulses cannot be
improved by this method.
The
slower the reverse driving pulses
rise, the higher the forward bias
must be. When pulses rise too
slowly, either the diode is unable tocarry the forward current or thegenerator is loaded too heavily. In
general, the original pulse rise time

width of the sampling diode is notshould not be more than 10 nsec.

a limiting factor, the performance
limit of this sampling system using
strobing pulses obtained herewith

age is also necessary to obtainproper snap-off action. For a 50-

has not yet been determined.
Biases were 85, 45 and 80 ma for
the first, second and third diodes,(c)rates and these amplitudes.

ing gate.
As with other sampling oscilloscopes, rise time of a displayed(A)

provide pulses at these repetition

respectively. The initial 5-Mc driving puises had a rise time of about
8 nsec and a peak amplitude of 30
volts across a 50-ohm load.
T•he experimental results indicatethat charge-storage diodes can beused more widely either in fast-rise
pulse generation or in short pulse
generation for sampling or similar
purposes. Some of the advantagesof using charge-storage diodes are
the relatively low cost and circuit
simplicity.
Also, the recurrence
rate of the snap-off action can beas high as several hundred megacycles, and so far no generator can(B)

A minimum reverse driving volt-

ohm load, about 10 volts is required.
When the diodes are conducting,the low impedance across the coaxial line causes reflections in theline between the diodes and the generator output. Attenuators must be
properly placed between the generator output and the diodes to minimize the effects of the reflections.
This work was sponsored by the
Bureau of Ships.
REFERENCES(1) J. L. Moll, S. Krakauer and R. Shen,
P-N Junction Charge-Storage Diodes, ¡'roc
p 43, January 1962.
(2) W. M. Goodall and A. F. Dietrich,
Solid State Generator for 2 x In -l' Second
Pulses, ¡'roc IRK, 48, April 1960.
(3) J. M. L. Jansen, An Experimental
Stroboscopic Oscilloscope for Frequencies
Up to About 50 Mc, Philips Tech Rev, 12,
p 52, August 1950.

(C)

SAMPLING pulses using one (A), two (B) and three (C) charge-storage diodes are shown at 0.2 nsec per division.
and 0.32 volt per vertical division—Fig. 4

(A)

(B)

(C)

STROBE pulses using one (A), two (B) and three (C) charge-storage diodes are shown at 0.2 nsec per division—Fig. 570electronics

(A)BINARYBINARY
2

BINARY
3

BINARY
4

TWO EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS (A and B) for coincidence technique in decade counter with pnp transistors—Fig. 1

NOVEL COINCIDENCE TECHNIQUE FOR

TRANSISTOR DECADE COUNTER
This arrangement makes it possible to generate coincidence triggers
for advancing count at any instant. The three decade schemes
described are only afew of the many decade schemes made possible

By PAVAN K. MALHOTRARAM PARSHAD
National Physical Laboratory,
New Delhi, India

IN DECADE COUNTERS, thatuse four cascaded binary stages,
forced triggering or feedback is
employed during the application often input triggers for advancing
the count by six units. A number ofbasic methods" have been developed to achieve decade counting
by this advance of count.
A new coincidence technique forachieving decade counting in transistor circuits has two main characteristics: count can be advanced
in one step or more, at any stage
in application of input triggers,
and the decade counter can be as
fast as the unmodified binary.
NEW TECHNIQUE—Figure 1 (a)depicts the experimental arrangement for this technique using pnp
transistors in decade counters. One
collector of each of the four binary
stages of the counter is connected
to an assembly connected as an
AND circuit. The anodes of the diodes are returned through a comFebruary

15,

1963

mon resistor to ground (the collector supply being —E, o).
At a particular count, the transistors whose collectors belong to
the coincidence diode assembly all
become conducting. Consequently,
the diodes become nonconducting
and the voltage at the common
anode point rises to a maximum.
For any other count, one or moreof the diodes conduct and the voltage is at the lower level.
Thus by differentiating the voltage output at the common anode, apositive trigger is obtained at thestart of the particular count and anegative trigger at the end of thiscount (and at the start of the succeeding one). These are called theleading coincidence trigger and thetrailing coincidence trigger.

In the arrangement of Fig. 1B
the diodes are reversed and thecommon cathode point is returned
through a resistor to the negativecollector supply (—E„„).
Here the coincidence pulse would
be negative-going, obtained when
all the transistors whose collectors
are in the coincidence diode assembly become nonconducting. By differentiation of the voltage at thecommon cathode, leading negative
and trailing positive triggers are
obtained that can advance the count.
NPN TRANSISTORS—Adaptationof the circuits in Fig. 1A and 1Bfor npn transistors is straightforward. In Fig. lA the common anodepoint is returned to a positive collector supply -FE 00 instead of to

A BETTER WAY TO COUNTThis new decade counting technique makes it possible to obtaina great many more decade schemes than by existing feedback
techniques, because triggers can be generated for advance ofcount at any configuration of the counter. Also, this techniquemakes it possible to obtain any kind of interpolation and not
to lose speed of counting over that of the unmodified binary71

ground; in Fig. 1B the common
cathode point is returned to ground.
To obtain the positive-going coincidence pulse in Fig. 1A, the transistors would have to be all nonconducting (instead of conducting
as for the pnp transistors) ;to obtain the negative-going coincidence
pulse in Fig. 1B, they would haveto be conducting.
Potter 2 showed that a stage ofthe counter could be prevented frombeing normally triggered by theprevious stage, by applying to theformer stage a blocking trigger
synchronously with the firing trigger from it. The combined use ofcoincidence and blocking triggers
increases the number of decade
schemes available for achieving aten-light system of interpolation.
In general, only trailing coincidence triggers should be used in
combination with blocking triggers.
DECADE SCHEMES — In Fig. 2(dotted-line scheme, at left, connecting to basic stages), counting
proceeds in binary fashion till theeighth input count. At the ninth
count, apositive leading coincidence
trigger is obtained from the coincidence assembly comprising binary
stages I and IV. This trigger isapplied to stages II and III forchanging their states from ZERO to
ONE . Thus at the ninth input count,the counter has all its stages in the
ONE state (reading the binary interpolation number 15). The next(tenth) input trigger clears thewhole counter to its ZERO state.
Another decade scheme is obtained simply from the previous
scheme by interchanging one collector of the fourth stage for theother in its connection to the coincidence diode assembly. Startingfrom the zero stage of the counter,at the first input trigger, the leading positive coincidence trigger
triggers stages II and III to the ONE
state, the counter thus reading thebinary number, seven. From thenon, the operation is binary.
An advantage of these two
schemes is that feedback is notnecessary. In schemes using feedback, there is always the possibilityof undesirable triggers passing
through, thus sacrificing stabilityof operation. Various earlier attempts have been made to eliminate
feedback.'
In still another scheme (Fig. 2,
dashed lines), the advance of countof six units is made at the instantof the fourth input trigger. At the
fourth count, atrailing negative coincidence trigger is obtained fromthe coincidence assembly comprising
stages I, II and IV. This trigger
puts stage IV to the ONE state; inso doing a negative trigger is obtained from this stage, which blocks
II from being reset to ZERO as a result of resetting of the first stage
to ZERO. Thus the counter has thefollowing configurations: at the endof the 3rd count, stages I, II, III,IV are ONE, ONE, ZERO, ZERO
respectively, and at the end of the
4th count, they are ZERO, ONE,
ZERO, ONE respectively.
From then on, operation is binary. This decade scheme has theadvantage that the binary states ofstages II, III and IV of the countercan be split in combinations of two
binary states, which are unique foreach number pair of the input
counts. This number pair can be
resolved by associating each uniqueset with the two binary states ofthe first stage. Grosdoff' has shownhow this kind of combination ofbinary states can possibly yield aten-light system of interpolation,
one separate neon lamp lighting foreach separate applied input count.
The method has straightforward
application to vacuum-tube circuits
where sufficiently high voltages areavailable for lighting neon lamps.
With high-voltage transistors, thismethod of interpolation should become useful in transistor counters.
An additional advantage of thecoincidence technique is that there
is no loss of counting speed overthat of the unmodified binary.
REFERENCES(1) I. E. Grosdoff, Electronic Counters,
RCA Rev, 7, p 428, 1946.
(2) J. T. Potter, A Four Tube Counter,
ELECTRON:CS, p 110, June 1944.
(3) Elmore and Sands, "Electronics Experimental Techniques". p 211, McGrawHill, New York.
(4) E. L. Kemp, Gated Decade Counter
Requires No Feedback, ELECTRONICS, p
145. Feb. 1953.
(5) P. Krenitsky, Decade Counter Employs Silicon Transistors, ELECTRONICS, p112, Aug. 1955.

,- ---+-m-,=,-1---r* ,i 7._i*_,-______________t
t --.
r
-i
_ __ - -, t
L_ _
10K

100p F

100p F*ii
L

FOR DAS HED -LI NE SC HEME,USE VALUES IN PAR ENS_ALL DIODES :IN34
ALL TRAN SI
STORS :SPRAGUE SB100_i_ _ «I__=,

4.5 VOLTS
Ecc(2.2K)
2.7K(2.7K)
2.2K(2.7K)

2.2K

2.2K

2

2.2K

OUTPUT

10K

10K

10K

10K

ECC

ECC

ECC

100pF
50
pF

50
pF

I
NPU T
STA GE I

STAGE 2STAGE 3STAGE 4

TWO DECADE SCHEMES are shown here, one in dotted lines, the other in dashed lines—Fig. 2
72electronics

Cool indifference
That'sthebigdifference

with

AMPLIMICA*

Capacitors!

up to 310°C.
resistant to radiation ...even high dosage rates
cause no appreciable capacitance loss.

This stacked foil capacitor goes right on giving de-If your requirements call for acapacitor that assurespendable performance in control systems, high volt-

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peratures, our new AMPLIMICA Capacitors are also

February

15,

1963

CAPITRONINCORPORATED. DIVISION

In addition to being effectively resistant to high temAMP products and engineering ass ,stance available through subsidiary companies in: Australia.Trademark of AMP INCORPORATED• Canada• England• France• Holland • Italy • loan

• MexicoPA.

• West Germany

CIRCLE 73 ON READER SERVICE CARD

73

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Raman Scattering Explains Liquid Lasers
Stimulated scattering ofphotons by laser offers
clues to material structure

APPLICATION
ofvery-highpower pulsed lasers to the study ofproperties of matter has resulted insome new techniques for observing
the effects of interaction of lightwith matter. Work on laser-stimulated Raman scattering of light,
one of the directions of research inthis area, has been conducted at the
Hughes Research Laboratories, andhas been reported on in a series ofconference papers including one by
R. W. Hellwarth at the Stanford
Meeting of the American PhysicalSociety in December, 1962.
The Hughes team has observed
stimulated Raman scattering in a

OPTICAL SHUTTERADJUSTABLE 1
REFLECTORr
LIQUID LASERySAMPLE HOLDER 'SHUTTERPULSE
GENERATORLIQUID LASER diagram shows physical arrangement of l'quid sample
holder, optical shutter, and ruby laser used for triggering the liquid lasing
actionnumber of organic liquids, mostly
ring compounds with five or more
C-H or C-D bonds.
Q-SPOILING USED—The stimulated Raman scattering is analogous to laser action, and isbrought about by releasing giant
pulses from a solid-state laser in

Maser Uses Superconducting Magnet

HIGH FIELD UNIFORMITY, important to maser gain and bandwidth, isprovided by niobium-zirconium superconducting magnet's 8,000-gauss fieldwith homogeneity of two parts in 10,000, with a .›.inch spherical volume.
The five-pound magnet is part of a 96-Gc wave maser, having a pumpfrequency of 65 Ge, developed by Westinghouse. Gains of over ten db havebeen achieved at noise levels near two db by new low-frequency pumping
technique, which incorporates five paramagnetic-spin energy levels to obtain
inversion. The iron-doped titanium oxide (rutile) maser operates at 4.2
degrees K for low noise
74

FIXED
REFLECTOR

the same enclosure as the liquid
under study.
A giant pulse is produced by firstpumping up a large population
excess,while
laser
actionisquenched by preventing regeneration (Q-spoiling), and then by suddenly applying high regeneration(Q-switching), so that the largematerial gain that accompanies
high population excess causes asudden conversion of the energy
stored in the laser material into coherent light. The amount of energythat can be converted is inhv where
n is the pumped population excess,h Planck's constant, and ethe laser
frequency. Duration of the pulse is
at least as long as the natural cavity
decay time present during lightemission. As an example, in astrong pumping operation with theR, transition in pink ruby crystal,
the pulse energy is typicallyjoule
per c.c. of active ruby, and pulse
duration of the order of 3 to 30
nanoseconds; resulting peak powers
reach tens of megawatts per c.c. of
active ruby.
Hellwarth said that although thegross details of giant pulses areunderstood fairly well, the specificnature of the spectrum and deviations from a regular pulse shapethat occur under various conditionsof pumping and Q-switching are notunderstood at all. It was reported
by Hughes at the Electrochemical
Society in spring 1962 that thepulse spectrum from ruby was asbroad as several angstroms, andelectronics

DB
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Co 0900
10 DB PAD

10 08 PAD

6 DB PAD

20 DB PAD

11C /4.1I

MERV

NEAT

10-10A

10-10A

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INS LOSS ODBAtteituator

MODEL 42-0
KAY ELECTRIC
PINE,.11.011

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ELECTIMIC

2008

20D8

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/a •500..15Áttatuator
4.10011. 30-0

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OPINE

308

2D8

108

REMOTE CONTROL ATTENUATOR
4330

PREYS/Mligli ME01/17101

ATTENIIATORS• • • • • • •

DC

TO

SOO

MEGACYCLESREMOTE CONTROL

50, 70, or 90 ohm impedanceHigh-Frequency, Precision Teflon & Silver Switches
1% Carbon Film Resistors
Fully Shielded Units
Up to 101 db
Fixed 0 or 10 db insertion loss

FOR ALL UNITS(Electrically Operated)
Price: $350.
NEW

SWR: 1.2:1 max up to 250 mc
1.4:1 max 250 to 500 mc

DC TO 1000

Min. Insertion*: 0.1 db at 250 mc; 0.2 db at 500 mc
Accuracy: At full Attenuation: 0.5 db at 250 mc, 1.2 dbfrom 250 to 500 mc
Price: (Model 20) $79. f.o.b. factory. $87. f.a.s. N. Y.
`Zero insertion loss (Model 20-0) $75. f.o.b. factory

MC

SWITCHED ATTENUATOR PADS
Model 10-10A
Frequency Range: DC to 1000 MC
VSWR: Less than 1.15:1
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Accuracy: 0.25 db

Price: $39.
Model 42-0 (Rotary): $250.

Write for Catalog

ICBM ELECTRIC COMOIIPANV
DEPT. E-2

February

15,

1963

MAPLE AVENUE. PINE BROOK, MORRIS COUNTY, N. J. CApital 6-4000

CIRCLE 75 ON READER SERVICE CARD

75

RAMANeo

DEUTSCHCONNECTORS• DM Series — push-pull,meets Mil-C-26482• DS Series — push-pull,
insertable, removable,
crimp contacts• DTK Series — bayonet lock,meets or exceeds applicablerequirements of Mil-C-0026482A• DRS Series — rectangular rackand panel, advanced
application performance• DC Series — push-pull,environmental, crimp-type
RF connector• DM and DH Hermetics —glass to metal seals,
leak proof glass to metal seals• DR Series — rigid insert
connector with snap-in
crimp contacts

DISTRIBUTED SY

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TWX: GREAT NECK, NY 639

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76

CIRCLE76 ON READER SERVICE CARDSCATTERING

This is a technique commonly used to identify and study different materials. It is based on the Raman spectrum of scattered
light, produced when incoming photons not in resonance with atransition in the matter are deflected to a new angle and frequency, while the reflecting material undergoes a transition toa new state such that over-all energy is conserved. The scatteredphotons therefore appear only at or near frequencies shiftedfrom the incoming photon frequency by amounts corresponding
to the frequencies of Roman-active vibrations in the matter ;these spectra serve to identify different materials. Even though
the total Raman scattering cross-sections for a given line arevery small (about 10 -2 "cm) for a typical Raman active molecule,many materials exhibit a non-linear increase of the order of
thousands or millions of the scattering cross-section when very
high intensity light is scattered from matter in thermal equilibrium. This is because gain appears for the scattered light waves,just like the gain occurring in normal maser materials when the
populations are inverted, and the scattered photons are amplified by inducing more scattering from the incoming beam

somewhat shifted from normal laser
operation; this was apparently due
mainly to stimulated Raman scattering from the nitrobenzene in theKerr cell used in the switching apparatus. When a KDP Pockel's cell
was substituted for the nitrobenzene Kerr cell, the spectrum observed was at least as narrow asthat of the normal ruby laser output, and was centered at the same
frequency. It is expected that ahigh-resolution study of the output
from a KDP switched laser willshow some deviation from the normal laser spectrum, reflecting crossrelaxation processes in the R, line,
which are apparently much fasterthan was at first supposed. The apparently high rate of cross-relaxation makes the existence of afterpulses, or subsidiary light pulses
which often follow the main pulse,
more difficult to understand because
they are delayed by times orders ofmagnitude longer than the giant
pulse duration, Hellwarth said.
However, despite these and other
unsolved problems in light pulse
emission from ruby, the now known
spectral purity of the pulses, exceeding 0.3 angstroms, enhances
their usefulness in studying thestimulated Raman scattering.
QUANTUM EXPLANATION —Stimulated Raman scattering canbe easily explained on the basis of
the quantum theory; given the modeand frequency of the oncoming pho-tons, the average rate of change ofthe number of photons in the scattered state can be easily calculated.
If the number of incident photons
exceeds a certain amount, as happens in stimulated scattering, a net
gain results and there is an effectvery similar to laser action.
These experiments have alreadybrought about new knowledge about
the structure of liquid nitrobenzene; new energy levels previously
unobserved have been found in thematerial because of their effect on
the spectrum of the output lightfrequency. The technique is expected to bring about a better understanding of the molecular structure of organic materials.
The strongest laser emitters havebeen CH, and C,,D.,. On the other
hand, two strongly Raman active
liquids—carbon tetrachloride andsulphuric acid—have failed to produce laser action, as have water,acetone and o-dichlorobenzene. Photometric evidence for induced emission was found by the Hughes researchers in trichlorethylene, heptane and methyl alcohol.
Hughes scientists expect that alarge number of liquids, and alsosolids, can be induced to lase by thestimulated Raman scattering technique. This opens up possibilities
for laser applications.
NEW LASER WAVELENGTHS—
The large number of possible lasermaterials means that a very large
electronics

-'111401101111.1"1.1111e

Where Is Our Quality Assurance Department?
Actually, product quality at Deutsch doesn't be-philosophy behind our almost unreasoning con-

gin and end in our hard-working QA department

centration on product reliability ..from design...it is a function of everyone in the plant. First

to delivery. If you would like a full rundown onof all, management sees to it that quality is de-the plant-wide QA program that always means

signed into each product...not just determined

performance beyond specifications, contact yourby final inspection.Then experienced per-local Deutschman today or write for Data

sonnel follow countless quality control

File K-2. Deutsch Electronic Components

procedures all the way from raw materials

Division,Municipal Airport, Banning,Calif.

to finished parts inventory. And finallyreliability engineers verify that quality
is consistently reproduced to the toughest
user specifications. This then is the basic
February

15,

1963

Advance Specification Electronic Components
CIRCLE 77 ON READER SERVICE CAIRD

77

number of different discrete laser
frequencies are possible; in communication applications this meansa large number of non-interferingchannels. A laser apparatus could
be tuned to these different frequencies by simply inserting cells of thestimulated-Raman-scattering materials.

Electromechanical Timer
For Lab Applications
By FRED W. KEAR
Lytle Corporation,
Albuquerque, N. M.

SI

E

ff ;Olt cr,

Turh -Sr

how to measure ac ratios to
one part per million...
at a sensible priceIn fact, any of North Atlantic's field engineering representatives can quickly demon-

FRONT PANEL of timer installedin portable cabinet—Fig. 1

strate how the Models RB- 503 and •504 Ratio Boxes will meet all your requirements
for high accuracy at lowest cost.
Designed for either bench or rack mounting, ooth models, provide rated accuracy
over their full ratio range, with six-digit, in-line window readout for best readability.
Both incorporate heavy duty switches with transient suppression, fold-away legs,
easily removeable end plates and voltage dividing transformers to MIL-T-2 7A.
Abridged specifications are given below:

Ratio Range

R8-5030.000600 to 1.111110

RB-504—0.111110 to +1.111110

Accuracy Of Ratio For All Ratios(at 400 cps).,_ {0.0a ,± 0-00 01 ] %'(Ratio)+ [0.000 ,I_i_0.000025 1 %(Ratio) 1
50 to 10,000 cps

Frequency Range (Useful)

50 to 10,000 cps

Nominal Input Impedance(at 400 cps)

50K-60K›. 250K

Max. Input Voltage

0.5f, Volts, (f in cps)
(not to exceed 350V.)

1.0f, Volts, (f in cps)
(not to exceed 350 V.)

3.5 ohms
5decades plus
1turn potentiometer

8ohms
5decades plus
1turn potentiometer

13 1
2 "h. x19" w.x 8" d.
/31
2 "h. x19" w. x8" d.
/$295.00$450.00

Max. Effective Series Resistance
Resolution
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Also from North Atlantic: Model RB-510 for high precision at 10 kc and RB-520
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78

CIRCLE 78 ON READER SERVICE CARDCIRCUIT DIAGRAM iising transistor for tinier triggering—Fig. 2

LABORATORY

timingrequirements

can often be met more easily andcheaply with standard timing motors than with digital timers.
Standard timers compare favorably
in accuracy, reliability and simplicity, requiring only a minimumof maintenance of the mechanicaland electromechanical portions.
The timer shown in Fig. 1 and 2
electronics

QUITE A SET!
Seven crystal filters altogether... one of them with 35 db of built-in notch... four of them packed into V3-cubic-inch cases.
There was something for everybody in the set of seven crystal filters Collins designed for an air defense missile's groundtracking system. L Stand-out in the set was a5mc center frequency clutter filter which picks out adoppler-shifted radar
signal and rejects signals from standing targets with unheard of accuracy. Frequency response curve of the filter shows anunusual pattern made up of two steep-skirted passbands separated by a35 db rejection notch. Selectivity specs require
the curve to pass through 12 precise frequency points at attenuation ranging from 2to 50 db; passband ripple is heldto ±- 1 db. LThe clutter filter incorporates anumber of design and manufacturing innovations, including Collins ability
to hold frequency tolerances of the crystal discs within .001 per cent over a0-65° C range. El Other elements in the set
were velocity filters and four of them, with similar characteristics, were paired off and packaged in cases of less than 1/3
cubic inch volume, about half the space normally required for this type filter. El With prototypes developed and accepted,
the filter sets went into initial production. To date, more than 300 sets (2100 filters) have been delivered and thepreliminary phase of the missile development and testing program is well underway. El With more than 100 components engineers, and separate engineering departments for crystal, mechanical and LC filters, Collins offers you the widest
selection of standard designs and the broadest capabality for special designs. Call Collins today or write for Data File 203.
COLLINS RADIO COMPANY • Components Division • 19700 San Joaquin Road •Newport Beach, California
Phone: KImberly 9-2911 • International Division, Dallas, Texas
See Collins display at the New York IEEE Show March 25-28.

CLUTTER Fl _TER

10db

20db

30db

40db

50db

60db

COLLINS
\\y
t4e
*;:
:n e
.di
,i

February 15,

1963

CIRCLE 79 ON READER SERVICE CARD

79

is suitable for a large number oftiming applications. Figure 1shows
the front panel of the timer
mounted in asmall portable cabinet.
A panel-mounting timer mechanism
is used. A ground jack is provided...up tochannels in afor reference voltage to operatetransistor circuits in the instrument. A jack is provided to insert

5-r panel!

a start and stop signal; anotherto reset the timer from an externalsignal source. A manual timing
push button causes the timer torun as long as it is depressed; areset switch will reset the timer
when in the down position; a powerswitch and a power "on" pilot lightcomplete the controls. The timer
may also be reset by a lever at theupper left corner of the timer
mechanism.

MULTIPLEXERILIOD. Ml

•

•

•

*

•

•

TEXAS INSTRUMENTS.....

versatile
addressable or sequential

TIMER CIRCUIT—Figure 2 illustrates the timer circuit. It operates
from a 115-v a-c source; the timer
motor runs directly from the power

Multiplexers

source, controlled by the powerswitch. A conventional 30-v d-c
power supply operates the reset coiland timer clutch. A binding post
terminal at the negative side of thepower supply provides ground refence for control signals.
The reset coil may be energized
through the reset pushbutton, when
automatic timing is not required,or through the contacts of relay
K, when a ground pulse is supplied
to the reset test jack. Most timers
need about one ampere of current• Sampling rate to 50,000 channels/sec
features• Variable frame length• Accuracy ± 0.02% full scale• Input levels to ±-. 10 V

Texas Instruments Multiplexers are all solid state units
providing accurate, high-speed bipolar operation with low
dynamic crossfeed, fast settling time, and variable strobe.
Manual channel select switches facilitate system set-up andfor reset.
With the timer motor running,
the clutch must be energized forthe hands to move and timing to begin. Transistor Q, energizes the
clutch; very little current is drawn
by the coil, so Q, need not have highheat dissipation. In automatic timing, the start and stop signal
reaches the base of Q, through thestop jack. Normally, Q, is backbiased through 330 ohms; a nega-

check-out. Frame length is selectable from front panel.
Expandable to 160 channels by means of plug-in printed
circuit cards. Case size 534 by 19 by 18 inches for standard
relay rack mounting.

TI's high speed
Model 834 Analog-Digital
Converter, ideal
companion instrument to
the TI Multiplexer.
High speed: 1.5 etsec per bit
Built-in sample and holdtive signal at the stop jack is required to forward-bias Q,. The
manual timing push button provides a zero volt signal at the stop
jack for manually starting thetimer. The manual timing stops
when the push button is released,
allowing the transistor to become

Accuracy: -± 0.05% full scale
Automatic zero stabilization

Ask a TI Application Engineer for further information on
digital data handling equipment for your specific needs.
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS GROUPSTRIA CHART A.01.1 DV.

TEXAS INSTRUMENTSTEAT COUIPIIIIENTDATA .......
TR ANADUCIIIR•80

CIRCLE 80 ON READER SERVICE CARD

INCORPORATED

3609 BUFFALO SPEEOWAY
P. O. BOX 66027
HOUSTON 6. TEXAS

S58

back-biased.
The fast switching time of thetransistor enhances considerably
the instrument's accuracy. Most
electronics

SPOTTED...
RELAYED...
MONITORED...
NOW

Fairchild Stratos now makes I-t possible for remotemilitary commanders to watch enemy activities in"real time" as they are being observed by airborne
sensors. How? Through hardware-proven wide-banddata link which closes the critical time gap between
picture-taking and interpretation. The Fairchild
Stratos approach provides for transmission of large
amounts of information from avariety of sensors to

When there's a need to know: Fairchild Stratos-Electronic
Systems Division capabilities are best reflected in an integrated approach to data requirements. Extensive experiencein acquisition, processing, transmission and display has given
FS-ESD engineers a particularly sensitive awareness of both
final information needs and the many subsystems required toanswer them. • For knowledgeable engineers interested in
career opportunities in advanced data techniques, may we

February 15,

1963

distant ground stations. Auxiliary data, including
precise geographic location is displayed in easily
read alpha-numeric format. High-powered, wideband data link is but one outgrowth of the years ofexperience that have made Fairchild Stratos theleading supplier of equipment for reconnaissanceand surveillance needs. For more information, contact our Director of Customer Relations.

suggest a note to our Director of Industrial Relations for thebrochure "Grow Your Own Future". FS-ESD, an equal opportunity employer.

FAIRCHILDSTFiri% 7-CO S

ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS DIVISIONWYANDANC11, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK

81

timer mechanisms read on theirouter scale down to 1/100 second;in checks against digital timers it
has been found that instruments ofthis type can be read to within
0.005 millisecond consistently. The
inner scale of these timers is
usually calibrated in seconds, up to
sixty seconds.

Silicon Junction
Is Laser Detector
LONDON—A silicon p-n junction de-

4/6

Automatic semiconductor
tester provides

&AI

•Ord

MODULAR ANSWERSTEST MODULES

to parameter
testing problems

AXIAL LEAD FANDLER

TURRET ADVANCETAPE PROGRAM MODULE
IC60
20 v

1E60
5v

ICEO
10 v

541150
IC 44

BUBO
10 411

61,,CE0
6004.

172
257
238
305
232
185
205
607

496
115
305
197
15.4
107
126
218
1RI

601
031
020
067
042
023
050
071

0.1
553
5i7
413
6)2
556
396
e3

348
583
621
548
664
466
457
479
V.à

275
252
287
167
207
291
168
124

LOGGED-DATA

For incoming inspection ... production
testing ... reliability testing ... engineering studies ... component sorting...the multi-parameter Model 1500
Testing Station has fast become recognized by leading transistor/diode producers and users as the most versatile
and accurate instrument in its field.
Programming: Automatic and direct
reading manual program modes areavailable. Punched Tape provides anunlimited number of sequential tests tobe performed on any device. Self Instruction permits new programs to beprepared directly from the precision
dials and panel selector switches on thetest modules. Test type, bias conditions,
hi-lo limits and delays are all included in
the program.
Measurements: All DC, small signal(grounded base and emitter), pulse, anddiode tests are available. The TESTMODULE concept permits complete
measurement flexibility. Over 30 standard test modules are available. Field
installation of new modules is easily
accomplished.

Ranges:Currents 0.1 nanoampere to 10 amperes

Voltages 1millivolt to 1000 volts
AC or DC Ratios (gain transfer ratios)
0.1 to 1000.
Accuracies; 1% on DC tests; 3% on AC and

Pulse tests.
Readouts: GO, NO GO; digital indication; printout; summary punch; classification andautomatic bin selection.
Input Devices iScanners; Axial Component
Handlers; Conveyor Systems.

OPTIMIZED DEVICES"'
PLEASANTVILLE, NEW YORK
RO gers

SEE US AT BOOTH 3036 AT N. Y. —IEEE

82

CIRCLE

82 ON

READERSERVICE

CARD

9 - 6 1 00

veloped by the Government Signals
Research and Development Establishment is operating as a squarelaw detector mixing light from adjacent axial standing-wave modesof a ruby laser.
Light from the laser is focused
onto the junction which is reverse
biased at 108 volts. Output from thediode located in the center conductor of the coaxial line is at 1,635
Mc, corresponding to the difference
between neighboring axial modes of
the two-inch ruby rod. Output at
the higher harmonic, 3,270 Mc, ofthe next nearest adjacent modes isalso detected.
Detection mechanism is throughthe generation of electron-holes at
a rate proportional to the incident
radiation intensity. Carriers generated in the depletion layer are
swept out by the high field in ashort time compared with the laser
beat-frequency period.
Advantage of the system is thatits high-frequency performance islimited by the carrier transit time
instead of by the minority carrier
lifetime as in other mixers.

Hungarian Instruments
Measure Plasma Changes
VIENNA—Instruments for plasma
research and spectroscopy were developed by Prof. Bartocz at Precision-Optics Instruments of the
Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
Hungaropress, a state news agency,
says the instruments will be brought
to the U.S. later this year by theirdesigner on a lecture tour.
The new instruments permit
registration of changes occurring inplasma as a result of temperatureelectronics

Micro assemblies of 0.030-inch thickalumina wafers with riser wire interconnections welded by anew Hamilton
Standard electron beam technique.

NOWThin film inductor, consisting of titanium film on an aluminum oxide wafer,
scribed by high-power density Hamilton-Zeiss cutting equipment.

Ferrite memory core, 0.005-inch thick,with slots cut by electron beam. Slotwidths: 0.0005- to 0.001-inch.

Grid screen of .003" diameter holes
on .010" centers drilled in .020" stainless steel sheet.

THE FIRST COMPLETE

MICROMINIATURE PRODUCTION TOOL
The new Hamilton-Zeiss Electron Beam CW-1 Cuts, Welds, Drills, Scribes
The new Model CW-1 Electron Beam CutterWelder is the most advanced machine yet
developed for work in microminiaturization.
With CW-1 equipment, you can fabricatecomplete microminiature assemblies, cut, scribe
and drill thin film and solid state components.
You can also weld necessary leads without
distorting the workpiece. And the vacuum
chamber provides acontamination-free environment with a bonus in "free" vacuum forhermetic encapsulation operations. Almost all
metallic elements and many nonmetallics including aluminum oxide, quartz, and commies,
can be processed by the CW-1.
The new CW-1 can cut and drill shapes ofpractically unlimited geometries for fabricationof micro-storage devices. All materials that are
chemically and metallurgically compatible may
be welded without distortion or contamination,and heat-affected zone is for all practical purposes eliminated. For the first time, you canfabricate thin film resistors and capacitors to
extreme accuracies by "in-process" monitoring
and corrective feed-back, thus eliminating highreject rates and selective assembly techniques.
Heart of the CW-1 is a highly developed
electron gun and electron optical system providing a focused spot diameter of .0005" orless. The system operates at a maximum accelerating voltage of 150 KV and provides
currents to 15 Ma during pulsed operation

providing nearly 10,000 megawatd per squareinch at the workpiece. Such extremely highpower densities permit the cutting of any
material known today.
UNIQUE FEATURES OF THE MODEL CW-1
• A Zoom Type Binocular Optical Viewing
System (14X to 40X) provides stereo-effectmicroscopic examination of the workpieceat all times permitting precise positioning
and eliminating the need for removal of theworkpiece for inspection. Fabrication andinspection can be combined in one operation.
• A Precision Beam Deflection System permits
programming of the beam (workpiece stationary) over the workpiece in any preselected pattern using electronic programming* and simple external control knob
adjustments.
• A Precision Work Table with all backlash
eliminated provides positioning accuraciesof .001" or better.
• Polished Stainless Steel is utilized on theinside of tho work chamber and on all
apparatus exposed to the work chamber,thus providing an extremely clean workpieceenvironment free from corrosion, outgassing
and extraneous contamination.
• Tape Controlled Programming.* Operation of
the CW-1 can be fully automated. Beam deflection and table position can be programmed on tape using conventional industrial numerical controls.
*With optional equipment at extra cost.

For complete information on the Model CW-1, contact: Sales Manager,
Electron Beam Machines, Hamilton Standard, Windsor Locks, Conn.

H

amiltonStandard

DIVISION OF UNITED A,PCRAFT CORPORATION1
2 1
February

15,

1963

CIRCLE 83 ON READER SERVICE CARD

83

BRISTOL HIGH-SPEED RELAYS•fast •accurate •reliablevariations. Plasma is created byelectric discharges or sparks. Material placed in the path of the discharge or spark undergoes enormous
temperaturechanges;
attempts
to photograph changes occurring intheir spectrum as a result of thishad so far been unsuccessful.
TIME RESOLUTION—Prof. Bartocz succeeded in resolving the timephase of the spark into appropriate
minute proportions, using electronic
control which ensures synchronized
operation. The operator can register on a single picture all the
spectra, which illustree, step bystep one underneath the other, thephenomena occurring in the material during a single scintillation
cycle under vast temperature differences.
These instruments allow takingof photographs at intervals of atenth of a millionth of a second,
thus showing changes !happening
during the brief life of a spark,
including the plasma state.

Lasers May Check Out
Speed of LightWASHINGTON—Lasers can beforlong-distance

light

used
measure-ments, it was established by metrologists at the National Bureauof Standards. Laser techniques willprobably be used for calibration ofhighly accurate surveying tapes,
and later as possible replacement
for such tapes. Also foreseen is amore accurate measurement of the
speed of light, which depends onhighly accurate measurements ofBristol Syncroverter* high-speed relays are used in the finest and most accurate multiplex systems and analog computers.
Their fast, accurate, uniformly consistent transfer characteristics help cut
system errors and build system reliability.
Nearly 100 different models available to meet the stringent demands of diverse applications. Write for detailed specifications.
A.CCO
The Bristol Company, Aircraft Equipment Division, 152 Bristol Road,
Waterbury 20, Conn.
A Subsidiary of American Chain & Cable Company, Inc.
1.20
*T.:11. Reg. U.S. Pat. Off.

BRISTOL... engineers for precision, builds for reliability
84

CIRCLE 84 ON READER SERVICE CARD

distance.
Scientists at NBS have achieved
length-measuring
interference
fringes over a 100-meter opticalpath, using a helium-neon continuous gas laser, pumped by a r-f generator, and splitting the light beamwith a Koester prism. Earlier distance measurements, using the recently adopted international stándard of length—the krypton 86
wavelength—were limited by thekrypton beam to an optical path ofabout I meter.
Laser distance measurements,
NBS reports, will be possible overlong distances with an accuracy
better than one part in 200 million.
electronics

Microcircuit of the Month
Over the past year a considerable numberof circuits have been designed and custom
At
left:
No.
105- BSTI
Singleposition
ButtonStem and Wafer making
machine—Fully automatic.
Designed for small production
runs on special
tube parts or for laboratory use. Produces button
stems up to 11,4" diameter.
Machine can be suppliedwith up to 24 positions.

11fabricated to reduce large portions of existing electronics systems nto compatible
microcircuit form with the inherent advantages of direct replacement, reduction insize and we,ght, with improved reliability
and maintenance.

Illustrated below: An Eisler
precision Vertical Spot Welder designed exclusively for
welding of electronic components. Available in sizes from
Yi to 71
/ KVA.
2

BLOCKING OSCILLATOR
+6

+25V

+25V

Write us today
for fullparticulars!

Charles Eisler Jr., President

TO
9511
TERMI—NATED
LOAD

TRIGGERINPUT

751 So. 13th St., Newark 3, N.J.

CIRCLE 206 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Around the world it sKEW

PULSE WICTHCONTROLJJTPU — PULSE CHA RA Z— ERISTICS
RISE T 61E: 30 nsec (typ cep
FALL TIME: 40 nsec (tyrical)
DUTY CYCLE: 10%
TEMP. RANGE: —55 °C to —125 °C.

MODEL EW- 16
MODEL F-98

MODEL

P-22

MODEL

VR2P

MODEL VO -38
MODEL TK-20A

MODEL TR-A
MODEL PV-200

No.

MODEL FL-202

SWR & RF WATTMETER

120, Nakane-cho, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Cable Address : "KYORITSUKEIKI TOKYO''
Tel

This circuit designed to replace transfo-mer tee
Blocking Oscillators; reduces such undesirable effects as overshoot, ringing, and pulse °mop. The
pulse width is easily changed in nanufacture andvarous versions can be readily supplied. It is well
suited for coaxial cable driving. -esetting of large
registers and system clock generators.

(717) 0131 — 5 • 0151

3

If you are ccnsidering the use of microcircuits for redesign of present systems—orfor future designs, we at General Instrument respectfully request the opportunity
to assist you. Call 516-0V 1-8000 or write
Nanocircuits, General Instrument Semiconductor Division, 600 West John Street,
Hicksville, Long Island, New York.

GENERAL INSTRUMENTSEMICONDUCTOR DIVISION

General Instrument Corporation

CIRCLE 207 ON READER SERVICE CARD
February

15,

1963

CIRCLE 85 ON READER SERVICE CARD

85

COMPONENTS AND MATERIALSWill Tunnel Cathode Bring New Tubes?
Emission principle holds
promise for new familyof improved vacuum tubes
NEW TYPE of vacuum tube which
has no heater to light up, and could
operate at room temperature, isunder study at General Electric.
Involving use of what is calleda tunnel cathode, such a tube would
be likely to have higher tolerance
to ionizing radiation than would
thin film or other microminiature
active devices based on semiconducting materials. Thus the tunnel cathode holds high significancein improving the reliability ofspace electronics.

New tube concept will be investigated under a proposal supported in part by the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration by a contract granted to
GE through the Harry DiamondLaboratories, Department of Defense, Washington, D. C.
TUNNELING—Conventional vacuum tubes employ a metal cathodewhich must be heated before electrons will flow through the vacuum under the influence of adifferent potential. Tunneling emission is basically a phenomena
wherein electrons flow from a cool
substrate metal layer through an
insulator which may be only a few
tens of atoms thick to athin counter

Monitor Controls Thin Films

electrode which is maintained at a
few volts positive potential withrespect to the substrate.
If this second layer is electronically thin enough, some of thetunneling
electrons
will
pass
through and away from it, having
not lost energy by collisions withother electrons. Such electrons are
emitted, and thus the device becomes a cathode.
This type of tube could give designers new freedom in tube construction. Tunnel cathode could
yield smaller tubes, with lower
capacitances. Absence of heatertemperature may permit unusualelectrode arrangements to yield new
and different characteristics.
Such improvements in turn could
give electronic circuit and equipment designers a new set of tools—
amplifiers that are cooler, more reliable, and more tolerant to severe
environments.
Tunnel cathode can feature hightunneling current density, said
C. E. Horton, advanced development consulting engineer in chargeof the project. He pointed out thattunnel diodes usually operate at
1,000 amperes per sq cm and frequently ten times this level.
In applying tunneling to vacuum
tubes, it is hoped that emission current densities can reach from 10 to
100 amperes per sq cm. So far, thefraction of tunneling that has appeared as emission into the vacuum
has been only about 2 percent. But
he added that 10 percent or better
is not an unreasonable figure tohope for, and that higher ratios
cannot be called impossible.

RESISTOR and capacitor values for thin-film circuits are continuously
monitored by specially-designed deposition programmer, designed andbuilt by General Electric's new Light Military Electronics Department,
Utica, N. Y. Deposition stops automatically when desired component value
has been reached. Monitor also controls thickness of dielectric material
by measuring frequency of an oscillating quartz crystal exposed to silicon-monoxide vapor. Nickel-chromium is used for resistors, aluminum andsilicon monoxide is used for capacitors, and evaporated aluminum or
copper form conductor paths
86

MATERIALS—Of prime importance in the present tube study will
be attaining information aboutsuitable materials for the insulating layers and the substrates.
Schedule initially calls for the optimizing of tunnel cathodes using
anodized aluminum insulating layers. This will include refinement ofrelated metal film techniques, test
electronics

• ORS OF MYLAIr$) EPRICEANGEAS PAPE
BUT WITH EXTRA RELIABILITY
S.25

You may not realize it, but you can benefit fromthe higher dielectric strength, moisture resistanceand reduced size of capacitors of "Mylar"* polyester
film without paying apremium price. An industry
study of manufacturer prices shows THAT OVERA RANGE OF SIMILAR CAPACITANCES AND

TYPICALUN

RATINGS,

UNITS

OF "MYLAR" COMPARE

CLOSELY IN COST WITH THOSE OF PAPER.

CAPACITANCEIN

MICROFARADS

(MFO)

$.0 0
0.001

0.1

O. 01

10

10.0

According to arecent survey, few engineers areaware of this close price comparison ... although
they recognize the outstanding properties of "Mylar".
Look into it yourself. Before specifying capacitors
for your design, get this free booklet study with performance facts and price charts. Write: DuPont Co.,
Film Dept., Wilmington 98, Delaware.
*Du Pont's registered trademark for its polyester film.

epoe

BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING ... THRO UGH CHEMISTRY

February

15,

1963

only DU PONT makes

NIYLAR®
POLYESTER

FILM

CIRCLE 87 ON READER SERVICE CARD

87

WE'RE
THE
ONLY
ONES
WHO

materials will be made to find thosemost suitable for practical emitters.
Other materials under construction include tantalum, titanium,
zirconium, and niobium, because
all have been successfully anodized
to produce suitable insulating layers. Oxide film experimentation will
also encompass several other materials.
Compatabilityofmaterials,
effects of film structure, and substrate materials all will be considered before a concentrated effort
is made to refine the specific materials and configurations that appear most promising as tunnel
cathodes.

Irradiation Forms
Heat-Shrinkable Sleeve

POT
MODULES
IN

IDIOM
ENI
C
EIZEICIE112 o iucu
MN EC) D
POCI AMIN o1949 GREENSPRING DRIVE • TIMONIUM, MD.
CLeerbrook 2-2900

DIGITAL LOGIC MODULES • DIGITALEQUIPMENT AND CUSTOM PACKAGING

88

methods, and handling procedures.
A broad evaluation of a variety of

CIRCLE 88 ON READER SERVICE CARD

FIBERGLASS fabric, sandwiched between two layers of modified polyolefins, is subjected to high-voltage
electron bombardment. Irradiation
process, developed by Raychem, results in a molecular cross-linking
that has been described as comparable to tying tough elastic bands
between the fibers of a rope. The
elastic bands stretch at a given temperature, allowing the fibers to be
stretched or twisted.
When the material is cooled, thestructure will "freeze" in this position. When the material is reheated,the "elastic bands" immediately
snap back into their original orremembered position. Because thecross-linking is accomplished by ahigh-voltage electron bombardment,
there is no residual radioactivity inthe end product.
Irradiation technique is used in
the manufacture of harnesses andcables, and for encapsulating components and subsystems. A line ofheat-shrinkable tubings will bemarketed by Bentley-Harris Manufacturing Co., a subsidiary of Raychem.
The use of the sleeving is assimple as slipping it over the component to be encased, and applying
275 F heat until shrinking has been
completed. Time varies from threeseconds to a maximum of one minute for sleeving of two-inch ir-

IRRADIATED sleeving slips overcable and connector.
Sleeving
shrinks under exposure to heat,
offering a snug fit of fiberglass-reinforced insulation

radiated diameter. Sleeving size
selection is not critical. Sleeving ispresently being manufactured insizes ranging from in. to 2 inches.
Sleeving may be used at temperatures up to 130 C continuously. It
also withstands corrosive and difficult chemical environments. Minimum individual short time dielectric breakdown value of 12 Kv has
been established with typical averages values found at 22 Kv. Low
temperature flexibility extends tobelow —80 C. Low loss values
recommend investigation for electronic circuits.
W. H. Bentley, president of Bentley-Harris, says that Fiberfit willcommand a slightly higher cost to
the manufacturer than most presently impregnated fabric sleevings,
and more than most heat-shrinkable single film sleevings, except
those that employ fluorocarbon
compounds.

Exploring Phenomena
Basic to Materials
MATERIALS scientists working inthree areas: metallurgy, ceramics
and plastics, compared notes last
week and found that their fundamental understanding of materials
was the same, even though theirterminology was different.
Purpose of the meeting, according to L. J. Bonis, president of
Ilikon Corp., of Natick, Mass.,sponsor to the symposium, "was notjust to familiarize scientists with
CIRCLE 89 ON READER SERVICE CARD -›-New Sylvania NAND gate micro-circuit...
faster because it's 'mama' planarLess than 10-nanosecond propagation delay is typicalof 5 over a temperature range of —55°C to +125°C.

of the single-chip micro-circuit shown above. An

it effectively replaces 4 diodes, a transistor and a re-achievement of Sylvania's advanced epitaxial and pho-sistor. The package is a modified TO-5, but other con-tolithography techniques, the silicon chip is only .025"

figurations are available.

square, or no bigger than a typical transistor chip!

A true "building block" circuit, the Sylvania NAND

This means your design can have both: the perform-

gate has variations, capabilities and applications tooance benefits resulting from Sylvania's pre-eminence

numerous to list here. And this is only the first of ain epitaxial techniques, plus the reliability and minia-

series of circuits. Let us know what you want to accom-

turization of planar integrated circuitry.

plish with integrated circuitry. Write directly to Semi-

The epitaxial planar NAND gate consists of a 3-input
AND gate followed by an inverting stage. With a fan-out

conductor Division, Sylvania

Electric Products Inc.,

1100 Main Street, Buffalo 9, New York.

SYL VANIA
ài' ii7tZ12 -TELEPHONE &ELECTRON/CS cle)

NEW CAPABILITIES IN: ELECTRONIC TUBES• SEMICONDUCTORS• MICROWAVE DEVICES• SPECIAL COMPONENTS• DISPLAY DEVICES

one another's fields, but to gain information from one field that is applicable to another."At the conference two phenomena, basic to the materials scienceswere discussed. These were sintering-the formation of a solid frompowders, and plastic deformationthe changes in shape that solids undergo. F. V. Lend, of Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, discussed thebasics of sintering from the metallurgists point of view, while R.
Coble of MIT discussed the same
subject from standpoint of the ceramicist. Then J. F. Lontz of DuPont spoke on forming polymers,
the complex molecular chains thatmake up plastics.

POWER SUPPLIES

Years of "custom engineered" experience, in designing and manufacturing power supplies to MIL Specs, are incorporated into
Hyperion's line of Standard Power Supplies. This includes suchfeatures as: constant current or constant voltage regulation, adjustable current limiting, parallel or series operation, remote programming, remote voltage sensing, short circuit proof and isolated output.
Z1 Series
Input: 105 125 VAC, 60 cps.
Regulation: 0.05% or 5MV
Response Time: 50 µsec.
Temp: continuous full load at 50 ° C.
Size: 65/
811 x8W x10% 1

W1 Series
Input: 105-125 VAC, 50-440 cps.
Regulation: 0.05% or 5MV
Response Time: 50 µsec.
Temp: continuous full load
at 50° C.
Size: 43/
4# x

84. X6ve

Model

Voltage
Range

Curren t

RippleRMSPrice

HY-W1-16-1.0
HY-WI-30-0.6
HY-WI-60-0.3

0-16 VDC
0-30 VDC
0-60 VDC

1amp
0.6 amp0.3 amp

1MV
1MV
1MV

$139.00$129.00$149.00

HY-Z1-16-1.5
HY-Z1-16-4.5
HY-Z1-16-7.5
HY-Z1-32-1.0
HY-Z1-32-2.5
HY-Z1-32-5.0
HY-Z1-60-0.5
HY-Z1-60-1.0
HY-Z1-60-2.0

0-16 VDC
0-16 VDC
0-16 VDC
0-32 VDC
0-32 VDC
0-32 VDC
0-60 VDC
0-60 VDC
0-60 VDC

0-1.5 amps
0-4.5 amps
0-7.5 amps
0-1 amp0-2.5 amps
0-5 amps
0-0.5 amp
0-1 amp
0-2 amps

1MV
1MV
2MV
1MV
1MV
2MV
1MV
IMV
2MV

$179.00$219.00$279.00$189.00$229.00$289.00$199.00$239.00$299.00,**Prices are F.O.B. Watertown, Massachusetts
Write or call Hyperion for your Standard or Custom MIL Spec Power Supply requirements.

ypermn•

DUSTRIES

INC•POWER EQUIPMENT DIVISION
127 COOLIDGEHILL ROAD, VVATERTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS

TVVXN: WTWN

90

CIRCLE90

ON

READERMASS 860

SERVICE

CARD

TEL: WA 6-0140

STRUCTURE-The common denominator was found to be thateach was concerned with the sameproblems, such as atomic structureand surface effects. Although thematerials were different in their applications, the polymer chemist,
metallurgist and ceramicist agreed
they were using the same tools tounderstand the behavior of materials.
The second session on plastic deformation included discussions byRensselaer's G. S. Ansel] on metals,
Brown University's J. Gilman on ceramics, and Rensselaer's S. S.
Sternstein on polymers. Speakers
demonstrated that materials canchange shape only within the framework of their atomic arrangements.
Through the understanding ofatomic structures, it is possible topredict how materials deform understress.
Sternstein pointed out that workers in diverse fields were alreadywiping out many of the linguistic
and semantic differences among thevarious sciences. "Because of thecomplexity of materials applications, at one time or another achemist is bound to deal with many
types of materials. He must, therefore, know what characteristics
these have in common so as to create successful combinations," Sternstein said.
Widespread feeling among scientists that a broader exchange of information among various disciplines is desirable and necessary
for increased development in basic
sciences created wide interest in
this interdisciplinary mat er ials
meeting. A similar meeting waselectronics

planned for next year to delve
deeper into materials phenomena.
Panel guests included such wellknown scientists as N. J. Grant ofMIT, H. H. Hausner of Brooklyn
Polytechnic Institute, and R. Davisof the Arthur D. Little Company.
Over 150 scientists participatedin the symposium, anonprofit effort
sponsored by Ilikon Corp., advanced
research and development company.

Shields Devices
From Nuclear Effects
that provides a wide spectrum of radiation shielding isclaimed to afford excellent gamma
and neutron shielding properties, aswell as x-ray and nuclear particle
shielding.
Manufactured as a dry solid in
granular or powdered form, material can be molded or formed inthermal or cold-setting materials.
Utilizing short half-life materials(the degree to which materials remain radioactive), the Polyshieldceramic permits construction of reactor shields and high-energy particle shields incapable of being permanently radioactive. This is said
to be a major technological achievement in atomic energy protection.
Test data and technical information on Polyshield are available
from American Brands Corporation, Los Angeles.
CERAMICNew Phot,oresist Coat
Extends Applications
ORGANIC materials that harden

upon
exposure to light to form an acidresistant coating that controls plating or etching is claimed to work
faster than compounds previously
available, according to Eastman
Kodak spokesmen. The new Kodak
Ortho Resist, KoR, is said to be 8to
16 times faster than regular Kodak
photoresist for arc-light exposures,and 20 to 40 times faster for tungsten illumination.
One application of the new resist
material might be in the assemblyline manufacture of printed circuits, according to Kodak's D. R.
Spear. The resist-coated circuitboard could be moved along the line
February

15,

1963

and exposed to light projected
through the circuit negative. In
some cases a slide projector provides enough light for contact
printing small areas. Previously,
the negative had to be brought into
contact with the coated board andexposed to arc lights.
High viscosity and solids content
of the new resist permits its use fullstrength or diluted for various coating thicknesses.
Use of resists is rapidly increasing in the manufacture of miniature electronic components used insatellites and computers, as well as
in commercial radio and televisionequipment.
Since the new photoresist issensitive to tungsten light, it can be
exposed through glass lens systems.
This makes possible many resist applications previously considered impractical.

How to Apply
Pellet Resistors
By CLINTON W. HARTMAN
CTS of Berne, Inc.
Elkhart, Indiana
RESISTORS in pellet form canbe produced in any size and shape, although attempts have been made tostandardize. Main area of interestfor these units are in miniaturizedcircuits. Hard pellet resistors arestable at temperatures up to 500 C.
Pellets are not affected Ly moisture
exposure or other environmental
conditions normally encountered inresistor military specifications.
Although military specifications
have not been issued to cover resistor pellets, such as the CTS Ceradot,
these units are presently being
tested to MIL-R-10509D, characteristic B for type RN60, modified toreflect the smaller mass (0.375 in.
long by 0.125 in. diam) of this resistor.
Ends of the pellet can be terminated in a number of ways, depending on the subsequent termination
into the circuit by the user. Firedon platinum-gold, with or without
tinning, can be provided when soldering to the pellet. Eutectic tilead solder with 3 percent silver
added can be used for low-temperature applications. Fired-on gold isused when termination by condue-

TYPE

DC-1 Module

SOLID STATE
4 BIT CONVERTER
Only the Hyperion DC-I Module provides storage and decimal display andcan be used as a:
1. 4-bit parallel to decimal display
converter*
2. Variable Radix counting unit
(1 through 9)*
3. 4-bit serial shift register*
Changing from one mode of operation
to another is accomplished by simply
changing the input jumper connections.
Rack
Panel Height) mounted assemblies are available with power supply
for housing up to 9 DC-1 Modules.
DC-1 Module can be provided for
activating filamentary type readout.
Write for Technical Bulletin 550.
*Units can be cascaded to increase digital
function.

•

yperion
DUSTRIES,

INC.

•DIGITAL PRODUCTS DIVISION
127 COOLIDGE

IILL

ROAD.

TVe%ISI: WTWNCIRCLE 91

WATERTOWN, MASSACHUSETTS

MASS 060

TEL: WA 6-0140

ON READER SERVICE CARD

91

at Western Electric Allentown Worksbonding iseasierThis operator uses aB&L
StereoZoom® Microscope
to bond germanium wafers smaller than a pinhead

to

the

transistor

header. Big, vivid 3-Dviews speed her work andkeep

it withincriticaltolerances.

inspection
is surer
Every completed transistor header assembly must
be checked prior to encapsulation.

Here

the

unique zoom feature lets
theoperator

dial

any

tive epoxy is to be made. Some users
are thermal -compression -bonding
leads to the pellets. Fired on platinum is found best for this application.
For special conditions, flat orround nickel leads, plain or gold
plated, can be attached to the Ceradot. Leads are attached with lowtemperature or high-temperaturesolder, or with conductive epoxy.
This results in a resistor which issmaller than those now on the market, but with properties comparable,
and in some cases, exceeding thoseof present standard type resistors.
Leaded pellets can be encapsulatedwith epoxy for further environmental protection, and for insulation,
if desired. In several instances pellet resistors permit packaging normally not possible with standard resistors presently available.
The pellet resistor is a micropowder mixture of noble metals andtheir oxides bonded with a highmelting organic flux. Automatic
handling insures low production
costs in large quantities. A pellet
resistor 0.50 in. diam by 0.30 in.
high has a resistance range of 50
ohms to 100,000 ohms. This size israted at 1/10 watt at an ambient of
125 C. Ratings increase or decrease
from this as the volume varies anddepends to a large degree on theheat-dissipation features available
in the mounting system which isused.

needed magnification,from 3.5X to 120X. No
flaw gets by her eye.

Solder-Joints Unreliable?

with StereoZoom Microscopes
Never before has any microscope, at any price, provided so many
advantages: instant selection of any magnification within the fullrange—all-day viewing without eye fatigue—up to 7" of unobstructed working distance—sharp views and flat fields in natural
3-D--and, of course, Bausch & Lomb dependable quality and lifetime service. Mail the coupon today—find out how StereoZoom
Microscopes can help you.

BAUSCH & LOMBCI Schedule ademonstration at my convenience.
CI Send StereoZoom Catalog D-15

BAUSCH & LOMBINCORPORATED

Name

61438 Bausch Street

Company

Rochester 2, N. Y.

Address
City

92

CIRCLE 92 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Zone

State

1

missile guidance system
has 50,000 solder joints, according
to Autonetics' George V. Browning.
"A reliability goal permitting notmore than one failed solder joint
out of several million for every
1,000 hours of operation is not uncommon," he said. "Consideringsuch reliability needs, it became apparent to Autonetics that extensive
test work was required to select a
combination of soldering processparameters to meet this requirement."
Flux-less, hydrogen-flame soldering technique employed to soldercoat ceramic printed circuits for internal guidance and control systems
have accumulated more than 12 billion solder-joint-hours with no failures reported.

TYPICAL

electronics

CORREL
A
TE
O
l
i
IN
AEARTHF'° 1'' ELECTRONIC

TO

0.00000003%

WITH NEW SOLID STATE VLF FREQUENCY CORRELATOR SETSc‘wi • • oç

CIRCUITSThe new InterstateVLF Receiver/-••• fe 6..!
Correlator receives worldwide
VLF transmissions and electronically compares the precisetransmitted frequency andphase to a local oscillator forcalibration. Calibration to 3
parts in 10 billion is easy toattain over a few hours with thisreliable, solid state set. A variety of recording and readout options
are available for broad versatility of application. Write for technicalbrochure.

WRITE0)14944/elle

TO

NEW
GLASS CAPPEDMICROFUSESCOMPORIIII011

RfCTRONS

707 East Vermont Ave. •Anaheim, California • Phone 714-772-2222(A subsidiary of Interstate Engineering Corporation)
NATIONWIDE REPRESENTATIVES
ANOTHER ,m-etekillik SOLID- J7
'gar

art

Pigtail or plug in.
1/500 through

INSTRUMENTCIRCLE 208 ON READER SERVICE CARD

fit

5 amps 6, 125V.

AND MICROFUSEHOLDERS

f

o Iii

4

8

12

Front

Indicating

panel.

type.

16

Typical performanceat 22,500 rpm
t/j7

VAX-1.5 BLOWER
400 or 800 cycles a.c.
This compact high-performance spot cooling package weighs
only 4.0 ounces, yet puts out up to 16 cfm of air at 1.5" H20back pressure! Housing and blade are precision cast aluminum,
black anodized. Units are designed to meet stiff MIL environmental specs. Minimum life is 1000 hours at 125 C. Globe's
new VAX-1.5-AC mounts in a15/
8"diameter hole using standard
servo clamps. Request Bulletin VX-15 from Globe Industries,
Inc., 1784 Stanley Avenue, Dayton 4, Ohio. Telephone Area Code513 222-3741.

IT'S
LITTELFUSE
FIRST
DES

P L A INES ,

ND

S

GLOBE
GLOBE

INDUSTRIES,
INC.

February

15,

1963

CIRCLE 209 ON READER SERVICE CARDCIRCLE 93 ON READER SERVICE CARD

93

PRODUCTION TECHNIQUESPIGEON-HOLINGCOMPONENTS
Conventional cordwood packaging techniques stack components parallel to each other as
closely as their form-factors willallow. Honeycomb technique hashigh packaging density, but provides components with the equivalent of individual metal cases,
making heat-conducting encapsulations unnecessary and providing electrical isolation. Repairs are easier, too, because
potting with gel is practical

ALUMINUM cell material in honeycomb matrix is flexible enough to permit insertion of various sized components

Honeycomb Enhances Cordwood Packaging
Provides economic, flexible
package with a minimumof esoteric designnique. Components are placed in thehoneycomb channels that can beeasily distorted to take various
sized parts. The aluminum honeycomb material provides adequate

By PAUL HELLERALUMINUM HONEYCOMB matrices commercially available in all
widths, cell sizes and weights, provides the basis for a new and morepractical cordwood packaging tech-heat removal to a lightweight supporting frame of formed or extruded metal that could contain finsfor additional external cooling.
This eliminates the need for potting with heat-conducting epoxies.
Other advantages include:•High packaging density•Superior electrical isol at ion
properties

CLOSE-UP shows aluminum honeycomb matrix enclosed withinlightweight metal frame that could
include fins for additional cooling

END-CONNECTION
terminals
and test points are brought out of
the wired module to be soldered,wire-wrapped or welded

Airborne Instruments Laboratory
A Division of Cutler-Hammer. Inc.
Deer Park. New York

94

•Inexpensive to develop and fabricate•Easier and more practical assembling•Easy drafting layout of prototype assemblies•Practical breadboard•Flexible design•Lends itself to standardizationor commercial product use.
ASSEMBLY—The aluminum honeycomb matrix is cemented or dipbrazed to the metal frame.
In assembling a module, theparts are simply pushed into individual honeycomb cells. The cells
hold them sufficiently tight for additional assembly operation. Cellsize is normally selected so as toprovide a push fit for a it-watt resistor. In inserting larger components, cells are distorted (with apencil or proper-size mandrel). The
honeycomb material easily accepts
all sizes of components. Very small
parts such as diodes are tacked inplace with cement.
WIRING—After all components
are inserted a clear punched plastic
electronics

é à,

Amer* ey
EFFICIENTLY & INEXPENSIVELY;
116340 SERIES MODULAR POWER SUPPLIESCHALK UP H-LABS' NEW MODULAR POWER SUPPLY CONCEPT AS A MUST FOR YOURSYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS.
Systems requirements for several DC
power supplies at different voltages andcurrents can now be satisfied in a minimum amount of space using H-Labs'
new plug-in modular concept. Each of
the three modular sizes requires a mounting area exactly twice that of the next
smaller module. All input and output
power connections plus output voltage
control are accomplished through theplug-in terminal connections. These sup-plies feature the traditionally low H-Lab regulation and ripple figures
as well as remote programming, remote sensing, adjustable current
limiting and short-circuit-proof operation.

SPECIFICATIONSMODEL NO.

SIZE

6343A
6344A
6345A
6346A
6347A
6348A

A

A

OUTPUT RATINGWEIGHT

PRICE

0-300 milliamps
0-1 amp0-2.6 amps
0-150 milliamps

5 lb.
16 lb.
26 lb.
6 lb.

$120.00$165.00$226.00$120.00

0-36V® 0-500 milliamps
0-36V® 0-1.5 amps

15 lb.
26 lb.

$165.00$225.00

0-18V®
0-18V®
0-18V®
0-36V®

SIZE

LOAD REGULATION: Less than 3 mv or 0.02%
LINE REGULATION: Less than 3 mv or 0.02%
RIPPLE AND NOISE: Less than 1 mv rms
OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE: 0°C to 50°C

A 3"L X 21
2 "W x 8"D/
B 5"L x 3" W x 9"D
C 6¼'°L x 5"W x 9"DINP1/TI 105.125 VAC

Contact your local sales rep or write directly to factory for complete specifications on any of H-Lab's complete line of regulated power supplies.
Write for new catalog describing the complete H-Lab line.

HARRISONLABORATORIESA DIVISION OF
HEWLETT-PACKARD

45 INDUSTRIAL ROAD e BERKELEY HEIGHTS, NEW JERSEY
464-1234 oArea Code 201 e TWX-201-464-2117
See us at the New York IEEE Show Booth Nos. 3405 8. 3407

February

15,

1963

CIRCLE 95 ON READER SERVICE CARD

95

LAER

EQUeMENT
10 LASER PULSESPER SECOND

Model 325 Power Supply with associatedcapacitor banks •Up to 10 Laser pulses
per second.
• Higher average
powers.
• Greater average
Laser output.
a Fast cycling for
tracking purposes
and productresearch.
▪ Up to 20,000 joulesof energy storage.
▪ Individual capacitor
fusing, safety
interlocks andautomatic discharge.

100,000 JOULE
POWER SUPPLY

Model 350 Power Supply available for:
100,000 joules of energy storage
Choice of operating voltages: 5,000,
10,000 or 20,000 a Average powers to
5KW im Forced air circulation a Maximum safety: individually fused capacitors, safety interlocks and automaticdischarge.

OTHER MODELS FORALMOST EVERY NEED
Standard models provide almost any
combination of volts, watts and joules,
with continuously variable voltages from0to 5,000, 10,000 or 20,000.
From the earliest beginnings ofLaser research, Electro Powerpacs has pioneered in thedevelopment of Laser power
supplies, capacitor banks, lightpumps, special devices andaccessories which are in use inmost leading industrial andgovernment research laboratories.
Accessories include: si Solid State Laser
Mounts — air cooled or liquid nitrogencooled — for rods of all sizes • "Q"
Spoiler u Arc Quench u Peak Power
Meter a Optical Bench.
For further information, write...

e
ali=1

ELECTRO POWERPACS, INC.
MANUFACTURERS OF POWER SUPPLIES,LASER MOUNTS AND ACCESSORIESA SUBSIDIARYOF

AAAAA POWION

16 HADLEY ST., CAMBRIDGE 40, MASS.
TELEPHONE: 617-876-9220
96

CIRCLE 96 ON READER SERVICE CARD

film is placed over their leads. Thisfilm is marked with required interconnections to simplify wiringof the components. Either welding
ribbon or bus wire for hand soldering can be used. End connection
terminals and test points arebrought out of the wired module.
These terminals can be adapted forstandard soldering, wire wrap or
welding.
After wiring, plastic film end
sheets are dissolved chemically,leaving an operating electrical assembly in the honeycomb matrix.
CLEAR-GEL POTTING — After
testing, the assembly is potted witha semirigid dear gel (for example,
Dow 182 Sylgard). This gel protects the assembly, and permits
easy inspection and repair. This
makes large modules a practicality
without danger that a single failure
after potting would necessitate
scrapping of entire assembly. Afterencapsulation, metal covers aremounted to provide protection for
the gel and complete the heat sinkaround the unit.
POSSIBILITIES—With
standard
off-the-shelf modules, a breadboard
prototype can be fabricated directlyfrom the schematic by a technician.
Since the honeycomb is manufactured in a regular geometric grid
pattern, the drafting layout problem is substantially simplified.
Completed modules may be joined
in any number of ways dependingon the overall package design. For
example, individual units may be
stacked flush side by side in"buckets" and interconnected. Alternately, long bolts may passthrough successive modules anchoring them to a heat conductive
structural wall, etc. All connections
are made to the exposed terminals
by solldered wires, welded matrices
or printed flexible wiring.
PRECAUTIONS—While the parts
are stacked almost as close as inconventional cordwood techniques,
the aluminum cell surrounding eachcomponent adequately removes heatto the frame. Since the cells areelectrically grounded, each part issubstantially better isolated fromits neighbor than in simple cordwood design. However, as in conventional cordwood design, atten-

CLEAR semi-rigid gel encapsulating module permits easy inspection
and repair

HEAT SINK for module is completed with mounting of metal
covers, which also protect encapsulating geltion must be paid to the capacitanceproblem where high-speed circuitry
is involved. It is possible to anodize
the honeycomb materials so thatpossibility of shorts or "hot" transistor cases is minimized.

Hydrogen Retort Furnace
Eliminates Mech Feeder
HYDROGEN re-circulation through anexternal heat exchanger at the completion of brazing cycles rapidly
cools a GE-designed hydrogen retort furnace. This facilitates manual placement of parts to be brazed
in the retort, so that a mechanicalfeeder system is not used. This,says GE, eliminates possible movement of parts which can cause animperfect braze.
Designed and built by GE's
Power Tube Department to eliminate solder runoff and leakage andto prevent braze erosion during
manufacture of klystrons and hydrogen thyratrons, the furnace reportedly provides quality control
electronics

CRYSTAL CASE TIMERS
microminiature solid state
timers feature ruggetlized design

These advanced precision timers provide, in a microminiature package, fixed or adjustable
time delays up to 60 seconds previously available only in larger size or less versatile
units. They are designed for use wherever reduced weight and volume together with highaccuracy and a maximum degree of reliability are important considerations, including
such critical applications as missiles, satellites, and space vehicles. The complete hermetically-sealed timer package weighs only 0.8 ounces and measures 1.0" x 0.8" x 0.4".

TEMPO INSTRUMeNT INCORPORRTeO

February

15,

1963

Plainview, L. I., New YorkCIRCLE 97 ON READER SERVICE CARD

97

A NEW CONCEPT IN
TOROIDAL WINDING
MACHINESOBJECTIVE OF THE T 100 CONCEPT: TO ENABLE TOROID MANUFACTURERS
TO INCREASE PRODUCTION, LOWER COSTS, MAINTAIN UNIFORM PRODUCTQUALITY .. .WITH GREATER FACILITY AND FLEXIBILITY TO MEET CHANGING REQUIREMENTS.
The T100 Series of Boesch Toroidal Winding Machines afforts toroid manu12cturers an opportunity to select an "optimum" machine fi their specificneeds — the appropriate combination of versatility and sophistication withprice and operating economy. A basic design providing production dura
bu ty, methods efficiency, and precise winding performance is the core ofeach machine ranging from models with manually operated :ore rotation tottose having afull complement of automatic and predetern-itable controls.
Quick change interchangeable shuttle heads permit far.: and flexible
changes in set-up for winding awide range of coils from sut liniature sizes(.035" I.D.) to large sizes — in awide latitude of wire s sof virtually
every type. Attachments and accessories have been designe to extend thecapabilities of the machines to meet changing requirements.
The flexibility and precision of the T 100 machines make tlem eminently
suitable for development and prototype work; Boesch dura:ility and highmaintenance-free productivity are designed in for stringmt production
requirements. The ability to use the same machine for both prototype andproduction will eliminate many of the difficulties encountertd in the transition from development to production and will assure prol.ct uniformity.
By the most exacting standards ... Boesch T 100 rnachine deliver value...whether the measure be productivity or cost reductiom uniformity or
quality pf product, range of application, price or economic fe. And there
is a model in the T 100 series that should meet virtually any price andperformance requirement.

BOESCHMANUFACTURINGDIVISION

WALTHAM PRECISION INSTRUMENT COMPANY,DANBURY, CONNECTICUT/

Telephon•: Plontem 3-3886

BOESCH98

CIRCLE 98 ON READER SERVICE CARD/C.

Teletype: OANE1 468

TUBE ASSEMBLY is removed
from furnace making metal-ceramic
seals
not provided by commercially-available furnaces. It is claimed thatsince hydrogen is continuously flowing in and out of the retort, possibility of residual contaminationfrom one production cycle to another is eliminated.

Circuits Die-Stamped
Reliably at Low Cost

CIRCUITCONFIGURATIONS
are stamped out of copper ribbon
by heated die in low-cost, mass-production process
FRANKLIN PROCESS patented by the
Resources and Facilities Corporation is claimed to be a low-cost
technique for mass producing highquality printed circuits. A ribbonof copper coated on one side witha thermosetting adhesive is passed
under a heated die bearing circuit
configuration. Die shears configurations from copper ribbon. Die'scontinuing stroke then affixes configurations to an insulator panel.
Advantages claimed for the process include: base-material electricalproperties unimpared since nochemical solutions are used and noadhesive remains on the insulating
electronics

PRODUCTNEWS from EPL

the finest precision
coaxial connectors*... nothing highbut performance, quality
0-55 VDC continuously variable to 10A
with only 0.5% ripple

General RE Fittings, Inc.
702

BEACONSTREET. BOSTON
T•lephone

617

Model
PS-5R

15. MASSACHUSETTS

267.5120

(115
.p

Model
PS-5

(150
*Pg.

CIRCLE 210 ON READER SERVICE CARD

rabetoletti Ouci

DESPATCH

NEW POWER SUPPLIESOPERATE 55 VDC EQUIPMENT— including new high voltage aircraft equipment

BUILT

Up to 550 watts of filtered power ...Heavy
current output, good load regulation and low
ripple assure continuous top performance forpowering 48-volt amplifiers; testing transistor
circuits, DC motors, relays and other electronicequipment 24 hours a day.

0041
500 0-650 0-850 °
1000 ° MODELS

Only 45e/watt of output ...At these prices,
units deliver more reliable current at lower costthan obtainable elsewhere.

For• DRYING

13% regulation ...Why pay two or three times
more for regulation you don't need when 13%
is more than ample for most jobs.

• CURING• AGING• STERILIZINGGuaranteed 1 year ...Your best assurance ofsuperior quality and many years of satisfactory
performance.

• ANNEALING• TEMPERING

Special Features ... found only in costlier supplies

Versatile, rugged, accurate Despatch laboratory ovens will fit
your particular needs. Available in standard models of various dimensions, each Despatch Oven guarantees automatic
temperature control ± 3 ° C. Standard units up to 1000° F.
max.; special models to 1350° F. Forced convection assureseven wiping of ambient air and fast warm-up time. Gas or electricity may be used for heating. Despatch has
been serving American industry for 60 years.

• Fast-acting circuit breaker• Smooth continuously variable DC output• Special chokes, condensers. Pi-type
filters• Silicon rectifiers for higher efficiency• 2%
accuracy D' Arsonval movement meters.
Available Now at Your Electronic Distributor
17 OTHERS FROM 6 TO 125 VDC

WRITE TODAY for free bulletin 203-4F Laboratory ovens.

Write for Complete Line Catalog PS-562

gesdLoPot-type
furnaces

Box
furnaces

1i122

Walk-in batch ovens

DESPATCH OVEN CO. 619 S.E. 8th St., Min eopolis 14, Minn.
CIRCLE 211
February

15,

1963

ELECTRO PRODUCTS
LABORATORIES
1" Howard, Chicago 48 (Niles), ill.

Phone: 647-6125

2214

Canada: Atlas Radio lid., Toronto
Since

1936... Pioneers in Low Voltage DC Power Supplies

ON READER SERVICE CARDCIRCLE 99 ON READER SERVICE CARD

99

SCRAP COPPER is easily peeledfrom stamped phenolic strips
areas; unique base materials suchas compressed paper and wood products can be used; circuit configuration uniformity maintained indefinitely—not dependent on humanskills or process consistancy withrespect to chemical solutions, etc.;
no line breaks or undercutting;large volume of conductor metals
can accommodate current flow inexcess of 40 amperes.

Immersion Gold Solution
Used in Electroplating
By PAUL PETRACK
Columbus Electronics Corp.
Yonkers, N. Y.
PROCESS using an
immersion gold solution resulted in
the production of silicon rectifierswith more uniform standards ofperformance and maximum powerrectification efficiency. Aided
greatly has been manufacture ofhigh voltage silicon rectifiers having a wide range of output current
capabilities.
Previously, we performed gold
plating using regular electrolessplating methods and a high-quality
immersion gold plating solution:
Atomex manufactured by Engelhard Industries. Silicon rectifiers
so produced did meet all standard
requirements.
However, in trying to produce
rectifiers with reduced power losses,
we discovered that greater mechanical reliability in making electricalconnection to the rectifying junction was called-for. This required
better adherence of gold plating tosingle crystal-silicon slices in producing clean and stable junctions.
This in turn, forced development of
the new process:The same immersion solution iscontained in a glass beakerequipped with a mesh-loop anode
made of stainless steel that comELECTROPLATING

Permanent, solderless connectionsin ONLY THREE SECONDS...that's the solderlesswrapping method—proved
superior by leaders in cornmtmications and electronics.
What's the proof? Over abillion connections without
reported failure.
And the best way to makethese connections is with
Gardner-Denver "WireWrap"e tools. Every bit isindividually tested and inspected—every bit is individually packaged in aplastic tube. And only GardnerDenver makes a completeline of this type equipment.
Write for Bulletin 14-1.
EQUIPMENT

TODAY

-

0011010d11
4
/
v

1

./
Ille
wire insertion

terminal
insertion

and anchoring,

Elenritan

wrapping

finished
connection

FOR

THE

CHALLENGEOFTOMORROWGARDNER -DENVER
Gardner-Denver Company, Gardner Expressway, Quincy, Illinois
In Canada. Gardner-Denver Company

100

CIRCLE

Canada). Ltd., 14 Curity Ave., Toronto 16, Ontario

100 ON READER SERV.CE CARD

electronics

§

SIEMENS

Gene-al view of the Telecommunication Research CEnter in Munich.

This
is
Siemens

Siemens (pronounced zee-menz) was founded 115 years ago. It is the largest
private employer in Germany arid one of the largest business enterprisesin the world. It employs 240,000 persons ir factories and offices in 79
courtries.
Siemens manufactures practically every typ• .of electrica! equipment frommicrominiature components to complete power stations —for reproducing
ana transmitting sound, sight, Jata and pow?.r.
Siemens products are found in homes, ';tores, factories, labJratories,
rains, planes, sh'ps, theatres...wherever men work, live and play.
For general information on Siemens, circle 268 on Reader Service Card.

SIEMENS & HALSKE AG •GERMANY
Subsidiary in the U.S.A.:

SIEMENS AMERICA INCORPORATED
350 Fifth Avenue, New York 1, N.Y
In Canada:

SIEMENS HALSKE SIEMENS SCHUCKERT (CANADA,' LTD.
407 McGill Street, Montrea 1, P.Q.

Polystyrene ("Styroflex") capacitors

SIEMENS"Mica" properties at "paper" prices
Styroflex capacitors offer reliability against voltage breakdown and stability against change inoperating characteristics.. at prices unusually
low for these properties.
These and other Styroflex properties result
from the unique properties of polystyrene andthe method of manufacture developed bySiemens: The polystyrene film is stretched, andstabilized in the stretched condition, before
winding. After winding, special heat treatment
shrinks the film, forming a hard, stable body.
The heat also fuses the polystyrene layers at
the ends to form a solid plastic seal.

Low self-inductance is a result of a special
contact design and is particularly importantin very high frequency applications. Self-inductance values are as low as for extended-foilconstruction.

Reliability against voltage break-through isassured by the extra thickness of the film aswell as the standard Siemens test on each unit
at 3.3 times rated voltage. For filter applications, reliability in the microvolt range isassured by positive welded contacts between
foil and leads.
The reliability of Styroflex capacitors is provedby their long, successful use in computers.

High resistance to humidity. Polystyrene has
the lowest water absorption coefficient of all
capacitor dielectric materials. As a result,
Styroflex capacitors show very low capacitancechange due to changes in relative humidity.

Low dissipation factor (usually even lower thanfor mica capacitors) is provided by Styroflex
capacitors... making them specially suitablefor filter circuits.
-

1

88

1000
mmF

5000
mmF

cc
o
o
- .1

up t
100 mmF

o
a.01
o
.001
10 3

Complete shielding. The outer layer of foilcompletely encloses and shields the inner foil.
(The terminal for the outside foil is indicatedby the voltage band.)Highest insulation resistance (higher than for
any other type of dielectric) is a result of thewell-known properties of polystyrene.

Small size. Styroflex capacitors in the lower
capacitance ranges are even smaller than micacapacitors.
Long life. Styroflex capacitors have arecord oflong and successful use in telecommunicationequipment carrying guarantees of 15 years or
more. In addition, their extremely long life isproved by hundreds of thousands of capacitors
tested under all types of climate and voltage
conditions.
Close to a billion Styroflex capacitors havebeen made by Siemens. Hundreds of millionsof these are in use in European radio and TV
sets as well as in industrial equipment.

10 5

106

10 7

FREQUENCY (c/s)
Stability against change in capacitance overlong periods of time is one result of the solidity
and hardness of the capacitors... produced by
the shrinkage during manufacture.

Nominal Voltage
125Vm
500V
Capacitance

LengthValues (mmF)
2-300
305-1000
1,050-2,000
2,050-5,000
5,050-10,000
10,050-25,000

Diam.

Length(max.)
0.40" (2)0.40 (2)
0.60
0.80
1.20
1.20

0.17"
0.22
0.25
0.32
0.31
0.45

Diam.
(max.)

0.60"
0.80
0.80
0.80
1.20

0.26"
0.27
0.34
0.50
0.49

(1) Smaller capacitors, for 30V and 50V, alsoavailable. (2) Capacitances from 2 to 620 mmF
are also available in .315" length.
In stock for shipment from White Plains, N.Y.
The following capacitance values in mmF andthe same values multiplied by 10, 100 or 1000
(up to 24,000 mmF for 125V and up to 10,000
mmF for 500V) are available in 125V and
500V ratings and with capacitance toleranceof ±2 1/% for immediate shipment from White
2
Plains, New York:
10 0)
11 (2)
12
13
15

16
18
20
22
24

27
30
33
36
39

43
47
50
51
56

62
68
75
82
91

100
110
120
etc.
etc.

Insulation resistance: 500,000 megohms at
20°C after 1minute tested with 100 volts DC.
Temperature coefficient: —150 ±-50 ppm/ °C.

CIRCLE 269 ON READER SERVICE CARD

SPECIFICATIONS

105

Dimensions (inches)(1) Also 100, 1000, 10,000 mmF. (2) Also 110,
1100, 11,000 mmF, etc.
Other values, voltages and tolerances areavailable on factory order. Also tape mounting
for automatic assembly.
Detailed engineering data and service areavailable on request.
Styroflex capacitors are distributed byWilliam Brand Electronic Components, Inc.,and are available through leading sales representatives throughout the U.S.

Operating temperatures: —40° to +85*C.
104

Capacitance tolerances: ±20, ±10, ±5 and±-2 1/ % of rated capacitance.
2

Stability: Less than 0.2% +0.4 mmF variationin capacitance in 2 years at 40°C and 75%
relative humidity. (Capacitance changes due tohumidity changes are small and are reversible.)

Siemens components available: Ferrite pot
cores and transfluxors; capacitors (electrolytic,
polystyrene, metalized plastic, metalized paper, tantalum); deposited-film resistors.
Distributor for these electronic components:

Electronic Components, Inc.
220 Ferris Ave., White Plains, N.Y.
Telephone: 914 WH 8-3434

In Canada:
SIEMENS HALSKE SIEMENS SCHUCKERT(CANADA) LTD.
407 McGill Street, Montreal 1, P.Q.

SIEMENS

FOUR microinches of 24-karat gold
coating is deposited in less than
one minute in plating silicon disks

Electron Tubes
Special quality tubes
Frame grid construction with high transconductance to plate current
ratio for use in critical industrial and military applications, in which service
reliability is of primary importance.

PROCESS has minimized rejects ofdisks subjected to microscopic inspection for flaking porosity andadherencepletely surrounds pieces to beplated. Plating current is obtained
from a power supply current-regulated to 70 milliamperes d-c at 2

Pentodes for broadband RF amplifiersType

Characteristics

volts. Heat for the beaker and solution is provided by a regular laboratory hot plate.

Maximum ratings

Plate
supplyvoltagePlate
current

TransconductanceGain band
width
product

Plate
voltagePlate
dissipation

Cathodecurrent

y

mA

µmhos

Mc/s

V

Watts

mA

E280 F/7722

190

20

26 000

180

220

4

30

E 282 F

125

35

26 000

175

200

4.2

50

7721

190

22

35 000

230

220

4.2

30

After silicon slices have been diffused to form a rectifying junction
and nickel plated they are sent to
one of the gold-plating work tables.
At each table, an operator picks up
six slices with a pair of stainlesssteel tweezers after rinsing thework load. The six slices are completely immersed in the gold solution ( oz. of Atomex gold concentrate in a gallon of water at 160
degrees F).
Gold-plating thickness deposited
depends on device manufactured

For further information and application engineering assistanceandregarding these electron tubes manufactured by Siemens b. Halske AG • Germany,

inches. Plating rate is 5 microinches per minute so that an ex-

please write to their distributor in the U.S.A.

SIEMENS AMERICA INCORPORATED
350 Fifth Avenue, New York 1, N.Y. •Tel

LOngacre 4-7674. Telex 01-2070, Cable: siemens

In Canada:

SIEMENS HALSKE SIEMENS SCHUCKERT (CANADA) LTD.
407, Mc Gill Street, Montreal 1, P.O. •Tel: 849-5783. Telex 012800, Cable: siemenscan

ebruary 15, 1963

rangesfrom

3 to

5 micro-tremely dense coating is quickly anduniformly deposited.
With this process, control of plating process parameters is easier,lending it to large-volume produc-

CIRCLE 103 ON READER SERVICE CARD
103

•tion. Although using a immersiongold solution for electroplating may
appear contradictory to usual electroplating principles (gold is relatively inert), our results have
proved process superior in producing quality silicon rectifiers with aminimum of rejects.

• e

CEN -rAurk

mini. -ZEUS
GEMINIVANGUARDDYNASOAR
i7E.,RSk-i It,1Q -•--1-eie'H 0UN_AT CJi FriM/

7 4„

Two-Hour Pump Down
Achieved with Trap
HIGH PUMPING speed achieves a5 X

10 -' vacuum in less than 2 hours
with a vacuum laboratory evaporator produced by General Vacuum
Corporation of Medford, Mass. It
is based on an in-use ultra-highvacuum trap the company developed
for space simulation systems. The
high conductance liquid nitrogen
trap has 100-percent anti-migration
characteristics and a full-opening
12-inch diameter air-operated poppet valve.
The polished stainlesssteel evaporation chamber is frontmounted to give access to top andbottom feed-throughs, manipulators, electron-beam heating guns
and other accessories. Vision andaccess into chamber is provided by
a 14-inch diameter hinged sightport mounted in the front.

Clean Rooms Keep
Humidity at 38 Percent

FRONTIER FREQUENCY/TIME STANDARDS

4-

are the best across-the-board

Here are space-tested System Frequency/Time Standards that meet yourmost exacting requirements for commercial, industrial or military applications. The same engineering capability that supplies Frequency/Time control
to major space projects places in your hands advanced crystal control that
fulfills any precision timing assignment. • Frontier's line features awide rangeof frequencies (30 cps to 100 megacycles), stabilities for every need (1 x10 -8 ,20 x 10 -8 or whatever you require), solid-state circuitry and oven control (nonoise-generating thermostats!). The line has unitized modular construction
for best shock and vibration resistance — fast start-up and low power consumption — choice of sizes and mountings — individual test documentation
shipped with each unit — mounts in any position. Write or call today forcomplete technical information:

Visit us of the I.E.E.E. Show
March 23 lo 28 The Coliseum,Commercial' Military
Systems Capability

FRONTIER

Booth 3077
New

ELECTRONICS

INTERNATIONALRESISTANCEYorkDIVISIONCOMPANY I/ 4600 Memphis Avenue • Cleveland 9, Ohio • Phone: 216 749-1570

104

CIRCLE

104 ONREADER SERVICECARDGYROS and accelerators are assembled in these super-clean rooms
at Litton Systems (Canada). Dust
and bacteria are removed from the
air with an efficiency of 99.97 percent at 0.3 micron
SUPER—CLEAN rooms are used in the
precision assembly of gyro and accelerator components at Litton
Systems (Canada), Ltd. Humidity
is maintained at 38 percent -±-3 percent, temperature at 72 degrees
F ±2 degrees. Seven pressure zones
ensure that no "uncontrolled" airenters the room.

electronics

H

MICRO

SWITCH

Precision

Switches

ROTARYSWITCH"1RM" SERIESCAMSHAFT INSURES ACCURATE SEQUENCING—A
camshaft operating mechanism in the "1RM" series
eliminates the need for complicated "jumper" wiring
connections to provide desired switching sequence.
HIGH-CAPACITY MULTI-POLE DOUBLE-THROW—Up
to 8-pole circuitry provides "on-off", "on-on" and "offon" action. Silver contacts are UL listed for 15 amps.
125-250 vac. Gold alloys available for low energy uses.

MANY ROTARY DESIGNS are available from MICRO SWITCH. Examples(see below): '2OAS" can be provided with up to 20 poles and 12 operating
positions, "28AS" has "cock-and-fire" positive actuating mechanism.
"25AS" is smallest environment-proof series available, "17AS4200" and"17AS300" are decimal-to-binary rotary input switches. Hermeticallysealed (metal-to-metal, glass-to-metal fusion) subminiature switches arein "29AS" rotary assembly.

ENCLOSED CONTACTS—In addition to shaft and panel
seals, the contacts are enclosed in phenolic cases. Design options include achoice of solder, screw, or quickconnect terminals, and from two to eight operating
positions.
MORE INFORMATION ON ROTARY SWITCH ASSEMBLIES? Contact any one of our 35 branch offices inprincipal cities—or send for Data Sheets.

H MICRO SWITCHFREEPORT. ILLINOISHONEYWELLA DIVISIONOF HONEYWELL

IN CANADA: HONEYWELL CONTROLS LIMITED, TORONTO 17, ONTARIOHONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL SALES AND SERVICE OFFICES IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES OF THE WORLD.

, '.'1!

.1

1,111 1D 1.1 1.-, )(1 1.•.4 11.1).1

1"1S

1, •'1-1

11 11'"20AS""17A S4200"

February

15,

1963

"17AS300""29AS"

CIRCLE 105 ON READER SERVICE CARD

105

NEW PRODUCTS

Integrated Circuit is Modified DTL
Contained in one silicon

vcc

eLV:0-C VOLTAGE STABILITY
VCC' 4 V

chip, the device has a20
15

low power-speed product

I
;

o

V
cc 1
.5v

ANNOUNCED by Siliconix Inc.,
1140 West Evelyn Ave., Sunnyvale,
California, the integrated dual
NAND/NOR logic circuit combines
small geometry, an epitaxial layer
for transistor collector regions and aunique emitter-follower diode clamp
circuit to produce a logic gate withhigh speed and low-power dissipation without sacrificing d-c stability, fan out or high-temperature
performance. Both gates are contained on a single silicon chip. The
power-speed product is used to compare integrated logic circuits andusing typically 12 ns at 5 mw, thisnand/nor gate offers 60-picowatt
second performance with a fan out
of 5. With a 3-v supply, this drops
below 40-pws over limited temperature range. The device operates
from —55 to +125 C with fan out
of at least 5 for supply voltages
from 3 to 5 v. Worst-case d-c sta-

8

-50

0

+50

+100

O
+150

TEMPERATURE °C

bility is 100 my at +125 C and fanout of 5with V.., of 4v. Dotted portion of above graph shows fan out
versus temperature for this voltage.
Propagation delay at various temperatures and voltages are shown as
solid lines. These were made using
a five-stage ring oscillator. At +125
C, 4-v supply, threshold input for
40 ea output is 0.77 v, maximum input current is 1.5 ma, maximum
output voltage at 7.5 ma output and—200 ita. input is 0.67 v, maximum
diode leakage is 2.5 ea and maximum output curent in off conditionis 40 ea. The gate is a modified
form of DTL logic as shown in thesketch. The circuit is load compensated by emitter-follower Q, so wheneach input is turned off, inverter
Q2 is kept ON over a wide range ofcollector currents. Fan out is thenprincipally limited by stability requirements. The additional gain allows selecting R. to optimize powerspeed product without concern forgain requirements, and need for asecond power supply is eliminated.
Clamping diode D, restricts voltage
swings and reduces effect of line capacitance on switching speed andallows excess drive current from R,
to bypass the amplifiers preventing
overdrive at low fan out. The dual
gate is packaged in a 12-lead TO-5
header and a single-gate version
comes in an 8-lead TO-5 package.
CIRCLE 301 READER SERVICE CARDCounting and Timing 100- Mc Pulses
RECENTLY announced by Eldorado Electronics, 1832 Second

106St., Berkeley 10, California are theseries 780 solid-state 100 Mc, 10 ns
counters and timers.
Althoughavailable in separate packages,
model 786B combines both in a single package. The 10 ns time interval counter counts 100 Mc pulses
from either internal or external 1
Mc standards.
Any number ofcounters can be synchronized. The
unit features two input (startstop) measurements. Input is 2 to
10 y and levels up to 40 y will notdamage the circuit. An optional
8-4-2-1 output can be provided.
Timing gate start-stop channels arelevel sensitive and not affected bywaveshape or slope except where
low-frequency response of polarityinverting transformers falls off at
a slope of less than 1y per 100 ns.
Ambiguity of start-stop times increases as signal slope decreases
but high trigger level stability
minimizes this. Short term trigger
level stability is less than 10 myand long term trigger stability isless than 100 mv. Timing gate cycles on to off in less than 10 ns. A
lockout circuit prevents gate fromstarting after a stop pulse. The inline visual readout is provided withelectronics

take the headache out ofyour packaged circuitry
design with newJF1,...1.41•à1.1

refl.,. 60. 8•0

MINIATURE
TANKCIRCUITS

Now—two conventional components in an unconventional high density format help cut production
time and costs.
New JFD miniature tank circuits employ a precisely wound air core coil across a miniature
trimmer piston capacitor. Result: an unusual combination of variable capacitance and fixed inductance that delivers more circuitry and reliability per
dollar.

Compactness

More capacitance and inductance in less cubic
volume—ideal for high density formats.

EconomyBoth a trimmer and an inductor at slightly morethan the cost of the trimmer capacitor alone.

Assembly Speed

You mount only one unit instead of the two thatwould otherwise be necessary... save time and labor...eliminate production breakage.

Reliability

Exceptionally high ruggedness and dependability
under extreme environmental conditions.
JFD Tank Circuits are available in standard or
special models with toroids or ferrite cores, shieldedor unshielded, in series or parallel coil design, with
any JFD standard panel mount, miniature, MAX-C®
or Sealcap") capacitor.
model

self-resonant frequency
range, MC
min.
max.

LC371
LC372
LC373
LC374
LC375

475 mc.
290 mc.
230 mc.
190 mc.
165 mc.

nominal Q(80-220 mc.)

1000 mc.
850 mc.
650 mc.
525 mc.
425 mc.

230
230
230
230
230

Call your JFD franchised distributor for quantities up to 299
units, or your nearest JFD sales engineer or representative forfurther details or specialized assistance.

Components Division

JFD

ELECTRONICSCORPORATION

Variable Trinuner Piston Capacitors • Fixed Metelised

15th Avenue at 62nd Street, Brooklyn 19, N. Y. • Phone 212 DE 1- 1000 • TWX212-833-7101 Cable-JEFDEE N. Y.
JFD WESTERN • 9 Morlan Place • Arcadia, Calif. • Phone: HIlIcrest 6-0312
JFD MIDWESTERN • 6330 Hermione St. • Chicago 46, III. • Phone: 775-5424
JFD MIDWESTERN-OHIO • P. 0. Box 36090 • Cincinnati 36, Ohio • Phone: 421-1166
JFD NORTHEASTERN • Ruth Drive, P. 0. Box 228 • Marlboro, Mass. • Phone: I-IUntley 5-7311
JFD CANADA • 51 McCormack Street • Toronto, Ontario, Canada • Phone ROger 2-7571
JFD ELECTRONICS (ISRAEL) LTD • Industrial area B. Building 23 • Azur, srael • Cable Address: JFD AZUR, ISRAELLCC STEAFIX • 128 Rue de Paris • Montreuil, Seine, France
STANDARD TELEPHONE & CABLES LTD. • Footscray, Sidcup, Kent, U. K.
DUNCON CONDENSER PTY. LTD. • Villawood, N.S.W., Australia

Inductors • It

Tuners• Filters • Diplesers Fixed and‘'ariable Distributed andLumped Constant Delay Lilies• Pulse Forming

Nets. tris

See what's new at JFD IEEE Booth 1226

February 15, 1963

CIRCLE 107 ON READER SERVICE CARD

107

20 MICROSECOND TO1
10 MILLISECOND DELAY

DECREASED DELAY DRIFTDUE TOTEMPERATURE CHANGESMAGNETIC AND

an overflow lamp. Trigger level stability is ±0.1 y and circuit operates with pulse slope ratio as highas 25 ns per volt. The gated pulse
counterisanexternally-gatedcounter that can count pulses from0 to 100 Mc and sine waves at 100±10 Mc. The counters use twistedring logic shown in sketch (p 106).
The twisted-ring 100 Mc decade isa five binary ring counter in which
the binaries are triggered in succession to one state and then in succession back to the original state.
In this system, each binary is required to operate at only one-fifth
the input frequency.
CIRCLE 302 READER SERVICE CARD

HUMIDITY SHIELDING

expanded signal at 1 Mc. The sameprocess is repeated giving error expanded outputs up to 1,000 times
always at 1 Mc. If the test signal
is 100 Kc, input bypasses the firstmixer and goes directly to x 10
multiplier. (303)

EMITTERCOLLECTOR
BASE
JUNCTIONSILVER WHISKER(P TYPE)1 1,lIP 7P7F7E-1ISOLATION
ETCHN-DIFFUSEDCOLLECTOR

NICKEL
ELECTRODEERROR EXPANDED OUTPUTS
10 1

10 2

10 3

New Transistor Uses MicroAlloy Diffused Electrodeby Philco Corporation,
Tioga and C Streets, Philadelphia
34,
Pennsylvania,
the
2N2699MADE (micro-alloy diffused electrode)transistor combines the
micro-alloy emitter junction of the
MADT type with the diffused collector junction of the MESA type.
Used for ultra-high speed, lowlevel logic, the device is an avalanche-resistant transistor with 4-v
emitter breakdown and 8-v open
base collector-to-emitter breakdown
rating. It also features collector
output capacitance of 3.5 pF maximum at 10 y collector voltage and a
specified base input voltage spreadof 150 my at 10 ma collector current and 1 ma base current. The
unit uses a diffused collector junction(electrode) formed by an
n-dopant into p-type germanium.
This forms a pn junction within
the dice whose junction area is restricted by an isolation etch. This
results in an isolating moat aroundthe nickel collector electrode extending into the n-type base region.
The result is a thick mechanicalbasewidth providing high-power
dissipation and narrow electricalbasewidth allowing high-speed performance. (304)

ANNOUNCEDCOMPACTr-

5 MILLISECOND DELAY

TO 1MC/S
WITH RETURN-TO-ZERO I

Now,

considermagnetostrictivedelaylines as precise quantitative storage elements. Deltime, Inc., pioneer in Magneto.
strictive Delay Lines offers models capableof operations at 1 MC/S with return-tozero. Advanced developments of Deltime
make possible stability under temperaturechanges, protection against humidity andstray magnetic fields, assuring you precision to the most rigid requirements.
WRITE FOR COMPLETE TECHNICAL CATALOG

A subsidiary of Sealectro Corporation
608 FAYETTE AVE., MAMARONECK, N.Y.
108

CIRCLE 108 ON READER SERVICE CARD

IMC

100KC

REF
OUTPUTS

Rapidly Comparing Two
Frequency Standards
INTRODUCED by Motorola Communications and Electronics Inc., 4501
Augusta Blvd., Chicago 51, Illinois,
the frequency error expander multiplies an input frequency by 10',10 2 or 10" to reduce time required
to make accurate frequency comparisons. For example: on a 1-second count, measuring resolution isparts in 10 9 while on a 10-second
count, resolution is parts in 10".
Reference input signal is 1 Mc, 0.3
to 2-v rms with input impedance of
3,000 ohms, while test signal input
is 1 Mc or 100 Kc, 0.3 to 2-v rms
with input impedance of 3,000 ohms
for the 1 Mc and 1,000 ohms forthe 100 Kc. Jitter is less than
±1 x 10 for a 1-second count andless than -±-2 x 10' for a 10-second
count. Outputs are 1 Mc expanded
10, 100 and 1,000 times, 1 Mc and
100 Kc reference for a counter.
Output level is 1yfor expanded and
1.5 yfor reference. As shown in thesketch, the 1 Mc test signal ismixed with 900 Kc synthesizedfrom the 1-Mc reference to provide
100-Kc output. The 100 Kc is multiplied up to give a 10 times error

Thermal Voltmeter Allows
A-C Measurements to 50 Kc
MANUFACTURED by Weston Instruments and Electronics Div., Daystrom Inc., 614 Frelinghuysen Ave.,
Newark, N. J., the model 1573

electronics

WiteetThan- 1...by
IF AMP

1DLAND

„
•111F
oos
A
o•
M
o>l

CRYSTALDISCRIM

21112,••

TYPICAL
FREQUENCYRESPONSE
OF TYPE

SPECIFICATIONS EL-3B

SPECIFICATIONSCENTER FREQUENCY: 11.5 MC± 1KC
3DB BANDWIDTH: 36 KC:t" 1KC Min.
60DB BANDWITH: 100 KC Max.
ULT. RE).: 90 db — 8MC to 14 Mc
INSERTION LOSS: less than 3db

CENTER FREQUENCY: 11.5 MC -± 2 KC
BANDWIDTH PEAK/PEAK: 1', 25 KCMin.
HARMONIC DIST.: Less than 2% @1,6 KC der.
ZERO ADJUST.: -±"' 1KC
INPUT LEVEL: 400 rnv to 6 volts RMS
OPERATING TEMPERATURE: —55 °C

Zin/Zout REO.: 50 ohnu± 5% resistive
MAX. INPUT LEVEL: +10 dbm
SHOCK: 200 g's
VIBRATION: 15 g's To 2KC
APPROX. SIZE: 1% Lx
W o1
2 H
/

Z INPUT 300 ohrns± 5% resistive
Z OUTPUT: Greater thon 100K ohms
SMOCK: 200 g's
VIBRATION: 15 g's to 2 KC
APPROX. SIZE. 1% Lx
W x 1/s H

INBAND RIPPLE. 0.5 db norn./1.0 db
Max.
OPERATING TEMPERATURE, — 55 °C
to -1-90 °C1

to +90°C

116 104 /0 n
re Is 1: s11 1691 90 101 116 °KC BELOW 11.5 MC
MC
KC ABOVE 11.5 MC

WRITE FOR ENGINEERING BULLETIN NBS-106

F

*****

WRITE FOR ENGINEERING BULLETIN CDS -107

MANUFACTURING
PROD CE

AL-1B

UARTZ

COMPANYCRYSTALS AND CRYSTAL FILTERS•KANSASCITY

15,DIVISION PACIFIC INDUSTRIESKANSASINCORPORATEDCIRCLE 212 ON READER SERVICE CARD

12-PAGECERM ET CATALOG
LIM

Complete Line —Cermet (ceramic-metal) high-temp
variable and micro-miniature fixed resistors have ex-

Are you selling thewhole buying teamTough competition demands that theelectronics man be reached and soldwherever you find him: Research,
Design, Production, and Management. Only advertising in electronics
reaches all four.., the same men yoursalesmen call on. Put your advertising where it works hardest... ..
incellent stability and high reliability. The Cermet element is processed at over 600°C. These
resistors have proved successful on Apollo, Tiros, Minute Man and Talos, and similar projects where extreme environmental conditions are common.

CATALOGDESCRIBESo

com plete

Line ofcor rnet
Resistors

The new Cermet Catalog includes the environmental performance specifications, the electrical and mechanical specifications and ordering information as well as photographsof the entire standard Cermet line. Products listed in the
catalog: 1. CERAFER (Module Cermet Fixed Resistor Wafers);
2. CERADOT(Cermet Pellet Resistors); 3. CeraTrolS(Cermet
Variable Resistors); 4. CERATRIM (Cermet Trimmers).
Write for your FREE Cermet Catalog.

CTS of Berne, Inc., Berne, Indiana
Subsidiary of CTS Corporation, Elkhart,
Indiana •West Coast: Chicago Telephoneof California, Inc., 1010 Sycamore Avenue,
South Pasadena, California •Canada: CTS
of Canada, Ltd., Streetsville, Ontario, Canada

electronics

February

15,

1963

CIRCLE 109 ON READER SERVICE CARD

109

thermo voltmeter has direct reading
capabilities on both d-c and a-c to50 Kc. Voltages from 1 to 1,000
can be directly measured by a sixdial precision resistor forming an
in-line digital readout. Sensitivity
is 10 ma. Accuracy at 23 C as adirect-reading voltmeter is 0.015
percent on d-c, 0.025 percent between 50 cps and 10 Kc, 0.05 percent between 10 and 20 Kc and6 DECADE RESISTOR UNITS
1.000 TO 1,000.000 VOLTS

0.25 percent between 20 and 50 Kc.
As a transfer standard between 40
cps and 1 Kc, accuracy is 0.005
percent and between 1 and 10 Kc,
accuracy is 0.015 percent. As a d-creference for digital voltmeter calibration between 0.1 and 10 v, accuracy is 0.005 percent ± 2 izy.
As shown in the sketch, the basic
a-c circuit uses special thermoelements having a reversal error 0.002
percent or less in a differential
connection. The a-c measuring circuit is adjusted to exactly 100
ohms at 10 ma supplied by a regulated, well-filtered zener reference
source having a stability of 0.003
percent for a minimum of three

Precision-molded shells and headers for
microcircuit encapsulation... call Milton Ross
Milton Ross precision-formed shells
and headers are the simple solution

centers as close as 0.100".) SheIIS

to high-volume microcircuit andand headers are available in fifteen
different colors (more, if need be),miniature component encapsulation.

andThey provide a low-cost protective

phthalate, alkyd, or epoxy. Quality?

package that is consistently uniform
and attractive, unit to unit and batch

Judge for yourself: we mold any
size and shape to a dimensional

to batch. And they're available off
the shelf, in a wide range of sizes,

tolerance of -±0.005" or closer.
If one of the Milton Ross off-the-shapes,

Mil-Spec

shelf items doesn't meet your spec's

Standard rectilinear and cylindri-styles,

and

they

can

be

had

in

diallyla 100-ohm precision resistor. Unknown voltage is applied across thesame resistor and decade adjusted
for null.
CIRCLE 305 READER SERVICE CARD

right down the line, we'll be happymaterials.
di-to make a special shell and header
for you—at no additional cost for3/
u " totooling on orders of 2,000 units or2lh". Headers can be furnished withor without molded-in pins, in a num-more. And with a delivery time ofber of pin styles and configurations.

write(We even have them with mounting

drawings.

cal shapes canbe supplied

mensions on any side fromin

only three or four weeks.
forsamplesandCall ordimension

Piston Trimmers Offer
High Capacitance
CORP., Elcom Department, 180 Varick St., New York 14,

THE MILTON ROSS COMPANY

ROANWELL

513 SECOND STREET PIKE •SOUTHAMPTON, PA. ^(215) EL 5-0200

N. Y. Series of precision piston
trimmer capacitors features simple

SA 2762110

months. Output is balanced fornull with 10 ma in the measuring
circuit heaters. D-c measurement
above 1 y is made by direct comparison with the zener reference inseries with the null detector across

CIRCLE 110 ON READER SERVICE CARD

electronics

construction and high capacitancevalues from 1 to 40 ¡Lid up to 1 to90 µ.µf. They have no capacitancereversal and have a Q factor of 500
minimum at 1 Mc. Operating temperature is —55 to +125 C. Tuning
torque is 1 to 5 in.-oz. Length (behind panel) for 90 ged capacitanceis 2 in. Units feature solid metalelectrode bands which permit theuser to solder directly to the electrode at any point. (306)

No. 3of aSeries—Whiit's behind the superior reliabilityof Atohm Trimmer Potentiometers
METAL MANDRELSPECIAL HEATTRANSFER
EPDXY

Atohm's metal mandrel
eliminates hot pots
Beam Power Pentodes
Operate at 40 W
TUNG-SOL ELECTRIC, INC., One Sum-

mer Ave., Newark 4, N. J., offers
two beam power pentodes intended
for use as r-f power amplifiers andoscillators at frequencies up to 175
Mc. Type 8149 is a single ended

All Atohm tiiminer potentiometers use neetal mandrels imbedded ina special heat-transfer epoxy. This combination provides far better
heat dissipation than techniques and materials used in competitive
instruments. Atohm pots operate cooler, and are, therefore, morereliable. Write for catalog.
Don't rely on "Pot Luck"—ask for

ATOHM ELECTRONICS INC. rivvoheA rl
7648 San Fernando Road, Sun Valley, California

T-12 compactron design and the8150 is a double ended T-12 cornpactron design. Both feature a center tapped heater so that they may
be operated from either a 3-cell or
6-cell storage battery system. Both

ATOMM ILICTRONICSCIRCLE 222 ON READER SERVICE CUD

have 12 pin button bases and havecathodescoatedunipotential.
(307)

Audio Transformers forTransistor Circuits
JOHNSON ELECTRONICS, INC., P. 0.

Box 7, Casselberry, Fla., announcesa line of subminiature transistor
transformers that operate over frequency range of from 100 cycles to
100 Kc. With a power rating of 50
mw at 300 cycles, the units have afrequency response of 3 db down at
150 cycles. Response is flat from400 cycles to 30 Kc. Primary d-c
February

15,

52 linear, wirewound pots
in 1cubic inch!
You may never use 52 pots in such a small space, but you could
with the new Atohm Series 320. It's a precision, trimmer pot
measuring only .250" x .435" x .150", but providing resistancesfrom 5ohms to 50K ohms. Its simple, linear mechanism provides
amore uniform winding, more ohms per linear length, and bettermechanical distribution of the resistant material. Unique, clip.
type mounting. Write for complete data.
SÀ),
ATOHM ELECTRONICS
7648 San Fernando Road, Sun Valley, California

1963r /VVOIT IMM
ATOMM ELKTItONICS1

CIRCLE 111 ON READER SERVICE CARD

•

111

f

LOOKI \G FOR A

METAL NI33LER?
OR A GOLD-PLATED

VICO-P03E?
OR A SELECTIONOF OTHERMICROSCOPIC

HAND TOOLS?

STOP LOOKING
Now you can get any miniaturized precision tool you
need from one reliable
source ... Micronics Corporation of America. Any
micro-electronic tool? Takea look for yourself. Morethan 850 cost-cutting tools
are illustrated in the new
Micronics Corp. catalog.
Including assembly benchtools, epoxy systems,
optical production tools,
highly specialized precision tools, ultrasonicsystems and white room
equipment • Why waste
time—and money—shopping around for microtools when you can get
everything you need fromMicronics? Without paying
a nickel more than competitive industry list prices'• Write for a copy of theindustry's first complete
catalog of microscopic
hand tools ... or ask yourPurchasing Agent to contact your local Micronics
distributor.

MICRONICS
CORPORATIONOF AMERICA

current is 0.5 ma with primary impedance from 10,000 ohms to 20,000
ohms depending on part number.
CIRCLE 308 READER SERVICE CARD

Frequency Changer
Provides Up to 260V
HEWLETT-PACKARD co., 1501 Page
Mill Road, Palo Alto, Calif. The
frequency changer, model 4301A, isessentially an r-c oscillator feedinga sine wave into a low distortion
power amplifier.
The oscillator
covers 40 to 2,000 cps with an accuracy of -± 1 percent and a stability of -± 1 percent. Harmonic distortion is less than 1.5 percent forresistive loads, and is less than 5
percent of reactive loads with power
factors up to 0.7. The output voltage is continuously adjustable from0 to 130 y at 2 amp max output
current, or from 0 to 260 y at l
amp max. (309)

C ...en.Aeart
se ,Department M201
8116 Old York Road • Ph la

17, Pa4 1

CIRCLE 112 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Modular Preamplifier
Features Low Noise
BRUSH INSTRUMENTS, Division of Clevite Corp., 37th and Perkins, Cleveland 14, 0., offers a low-noise, highimpedance, modular preamplifier that
extends the sensitivity of medium
gain recording systems to levels as
112electronics

low as 1 /Liz. Designated model
RD4215 60, the compact, solid-state
unit assures clear, high-resolution
recordings from such low levelsources as thermocouples, EEG
electrodes, and photocells when usedin combination with Brush Mark200 or any standard Brush medium
gain direct writing system.

(310)

Coaxial Filters
Cover 100 Mc to 10 Ge
ELECTRONICS, INC., 25 Martin
Place, Port Chester, N. Y., offers aline of precision low pass coaxial
filters. Model F-30 covers a frequency range of 100 Mc to 10 Gc in
13 standard units. Each unit has apower rating of 100 w average.
Each has a minimum 60 db stopband rejection of 1.35 to 5.0 cutoff
frequency. Units range in lengthfrom 14i in. to 4i in. These coaxial
filter assemblies provide aminimum
vswr, 1.3 max, over the pass band.
Insertion loss over the pass band is
RLC

0.2 db max. Price is from $30 to $55
depending on frequency. (311)Toroids
ELECTRONIC CORP., 126-03
18th Ave., College Point, N. Y. Pre-

SATURNcision 360 deg resistive toroids andmagnetic toroids are fabricated on
Saturn's own proprietary winding
machines that are capable ofwinding extremely small diameter(0.0006 in.) wires. (312)

Static Power Supply
Offers Dual Output
ELECTRONICS,
INC.,
145
Michael Drive, Syosset, L. I., N. Y.
Model AD100-50-2C a-c to d-c static

CUT COSTLY CUSTOM ENCLOSURE
DESIGN TIME TO AMINIMUM

SPECIFY EMCOR®

STANDARD ENCLOSURES

Fulfill your enclosure requirements with the simplicityof EMCOR Enclosure catalog ordering. Make
literally thousands of control center assemblies,
equipment banks, or console arrangements from hundredsof enclosure widths, depths and heights in a varietyof configurations. Broad range of colors. Investigate
these and many more EMCOR Enclosure features
for reducing your costly custom enclosure design time
to a minimum. Get full details today.

REQUEST DESIGN MANUAL 107
INGERSOL

INGERSOLL

VICTORY

February

15,

1963

EMCOR—The Original Modular Enclosure System by

Division

BORG-WARNERofPRODUCTS

Borg-WarnerCorporation

1000 W. 120th ST. • DEPT. 1242 • CHICAGO 43, ILL.

CIRCLE 113 ON READER SERVICE CARD

113

power supply is designed to operatefrom 108 to 122 y 380 to 420 cps.
Unit operates

at 80 percent effi-

ciency. Two completely separate
outputs provide 2 amp each, one at
50 y d-c, the other at 100 y d-c.
Regulation for line and load foreach output is ±-0.5 percent, ripple
is 0.05 percent rms. Output voltage
is variable for 5 percent minimum.
CIRCLE 313 READER SERVICE CARDRYLONBROADBANDVERTICALRADIATORS

for frequency ranges from 2to 6 mc.
4.5 to 13.5 mc.-11 to 33 mc.—or similar ranges

A multi-frequency service radiator requiring no matching equipment
ADVANTAGES• Extremely

constant

input

impedance• Power handling capacity to 150 kw. or
more.
• Radiation performance equal to, or
better than a conventional radiatorwithout the need of impedance matching equipment.

Microminiature Relay
Meets MIL R-5757D

WIND TURBINE COMPANY
ELVERSON, PA.

over a wide frequency range.

Phone

WHitney 2-2981(Area 215)

KURMANTRYLON TOWER AND ANTENNA SYSTEMS•RESEARCH•MANUFACTURE•DEVELOPMENT•INSTALLATION

Write, wire or phone for information or application to your requirements.

CIRCLE 213 ON READER SERVICE CARD

„e Line Testing...

For Production

ELECTRIC

CO.,

191

Newel

St., Brooklyn 22, N. Y.
Model
KX4H4D Astrorelay, a 4pdt microminiature unit, is available for immediate, off-the-shelf delivery. It
weighsoz and can be specified inthree stock voltages-6, 12, 24 y d-c(35, 150, and 600 ohms). It withstands 100 g shock and 40 g vibration up to 2,000 cycles.

Operatingtemp is —65 C to 125 C. (314)

EICO SCOPES
give you:•professional performance•reliability•ruggedness• versatility...at moderate costfreq. resp. (sinusoidal)

prices5" Push-Pull
Scope 4+427
5" DC-4.5 MC
Scope e460

EICO
114

17®

kit

wired

vert.

horiz.

$69.95$109.95

DC-500KC/FLAT

2 CPS TO450 KC ,FLAT

79.95

129.95DC-4.5
mc/flat1cps to400 kc flat

sensitivity (rms)horiz.

vert.
10mv
P-P/cm

0m5V
P-P/cm25 mv/in

0.6V/in

Display Driver Modules
Operate From 0-100 C
IseM eill u! %S PPe

EICO's high quality standards and low initial cost add up to true economy:
EICO units outperform scopes selling for two or three times EICO's prices.
With kits, the initial cost is even lower. And the experience each operator gains
in building his own, increases his efficiency, and enables him to keep his
scope in better condition, with less "down" time.

See the 41 additional EICO test instruments helpful for your lab and production work. Write for free Catalog & name of neighborhcod Distributor.

3300 NORTHERN BOULEVARD, Dept. E-2B, L. I. C., 1, N. Y.
See us at 1.E.E.E. Booth 3101

CIRCLE 114 ON READER SERVICE CARDSCIENTIFIC DATA SYSTEMS,

1542 15th

St., Santa Monica, Calif. Two silicon modules are available for driving either an incandescent display
or a Nixie display. Both operate at
temperatures from 0-100 C and permit direct decoding of any of thefollowing codes: (8, 4, 2, 1), (2,4, 2, 1), (5, 4, 2, 1), (4, 2, 2, 1),(Excess 3) or (Gray). Output iselectronics

10 lines while input uses standardesilicon module voltage levels of zeroand +8 v.

(315)

•

0:

• ••••
e

e.

Itz

t•

•

•

• •.
•

Socket Made to Fit
Transistor-Size Relay
BRANSON

Road,

41

CORP.,

Whippany,

S.

N.

•

s

e •

•

JeiTerson

J.

air
•

•

•

•

Current

rating for this microminiature relay socket is 2 amp.
Dielectric

e

• • •

between terminals and between ter-

•

•

•

•

•

minals and ground. At 70,000 ft thecomparable dielectric strength is••

350 v rms. Operating temperature
range is —65 C to +125 C. The

•
Ale

•

•

•.

unit has five pin, solder lug terminals. (316)

•
•

••

•
a.

•
•

3,000 G's SHOCK?

Ferrite Memory Core
ELECTRONIC

Bellanca

MEMORIES,

Ave.,

Los

••

INC.,

Angeles

• ••

8430
45,

•
•
1.

•

•

.

•

No space vehicle ferrite
core memory can take it!
• ••Calif. A new Isodrive ferrite memory core in the 30 mil size for use
in coincident current memories canbe operated over a temperature

•

•

•

strength at sea level is 1,000 y rms

••

e
•

•

•

range of — 65 C to + 100 C without compensation. (317)•e

Not unless it's aspecial Isodrives memory frcm

electronic memories inc.

•••

Tape Recorder Amplifier
Has Adjustable Gain
ASTRODATA INC.,

240 S. Palais Road,

Anaheim, Calif. Modular instruments tape recorder amplifier provides amplification between 1 and100 to signals which range from d-c
to 200 Kc. The all-transistorized,
adjustable-gain model TPA-141 is
especially designed for use in coupling medium-level signal sources
to tape recorders, f-m subcarrier
oscillators, strip chart recorders
and other instrumentation.
February

15,

1963

Eleven

•

.• •

S.

••

•
i•

.8

e •
d

•

Take a 1440-bit memory. Accelerate it
at 180 mph into a balsa structure. As
it hits, decelerating 3,000 G's in 3 milliseconds, feed it information. Then see
what it remembers. • That's what Ford's
Aeronutronic Division did to one of our
SE1440Z1A Isodrive* memories. Results? Perfect! The
memory was still intact. So
was the data. Likewise ourclaim that a 1.2-pound, 2"x3" x5" core memory witha 50,000-bit /second read /write cycle could do it. And

that's not to mention acalculated meantime-to-failure of 50,000 hours while exposed to ambient temperatures from
—20°C. to +60 °C. • At Electronic Memories, Inc., conquering shock is only
part of the story. Across the board, Durcapabilities in MIL-Spec ferrite cores and memories areextensive. It's all spelled Dut
in our capabilities brochure.
Shouldn't you have one?
Write Dept. C, 9430 Bellanca
Ave., Los Angeles 45, Calif.
*Is Electronic Memories, Inc.

CIRCLE 115 ON READER SERVICE CARD

115

gain steps may be selected by front
panel switch. Gain accuracy is -±-1
percent at d-e; gain stability, -±0.1
percent for three months.

OVER

CIRCLE 318 READER SERVICE CARD

STANDARD
MODELS OF
REGULATEDPOWER
SUPPLIESFILTEREDCOOLINGAIR
IN ...

Pressure Transducers
Are Rugged, Accurate
1133 MainSt., Paterson, N. J. The HPT-35
subminiature pressure transducer
features a construction which combines pressure sensor and mechanism assembly for maximum stability, ruggedness and accuracy. A
precision wire wound potentiometer element provides excellent output characteristics.
The instrument is designed for pressure
ranges of 0-500 to 0-20,000 psi.
Units insure outstanding service inindustry, laboratory research andadvanced missile applications. Priceis $294. (319)

PRECISION SENSORS, INC.,

11F1 011T/
a

WITH NEW

McILEANRFISHIELDED

BLOWERSand Filter-Grille Assemblies(Mlle

IF NONE OF THE 400 STANDARD
MODELS

MEET

MENTS,ELASCOSTANDARDYOURREQUIRE-WILLDESIGNSOR

MODIFYDESIGNTO YOUR SPECIFICATIONS
WRITE

NOW

FOR

COMPLETE

12PAGE

CATALOG ... AND BETTER STILL, SEND
YOUR
FOR

POWER

SUPPLYREQUIREMENTSQUOTATION

ELASCO, INC.
FIVE PRESCOTT ST.
ROXBURY 19, MASS.

Highlands 2-1600

Telemetry Oscillator
With No Adjustments
SONEX, INC., 20 East Herman St.,
Philadelphia 44, Pa. The TEX-3008
is a 1.1 eu in. all solid-state high environinental subcarrier oscillator.
Its stable characteristics are emphasized by the absence of adjustment potentiometers; this featureeliminating failures due to humanerror in the field. Units are available in all standard IRIG frequencies from channel 4 through 18 andCross Sectionof McLean RFI Blower

Now you can pressurize radio-shielded
electronic cabinets with cool, filtered air
without opening the "envelope" to RF
interference.
McLean RFI-shielded blowers and filter-grille assemblies have been designed
and built for RFI performance in accordance with MIL-1-6181D — meetingor exceeding all requirements including
susceptibility, generation and shieldabiljty. WRITE TODAY for details.

SEND FORNEW 44-PAGE
CATALOG

McLEANENGINEERINGLABORATORIESWorld Leader in Packaged Cooling

P.O. Box 228, Princeton, New Jersey
Phone Area Code 609 WAInut 4-4440
TWX 609-799-0245
See us at The New York IEEE thew Booth=1624

CIRCLE 214 ON READER SERVICE CARD
116

CIRCLE 116 ON READER SERVICE CARD

electronics

channels A through E. Linearity of±0.25 percent from best straightline and a high input impedance of
750,000 ohms are maintained for—20 C to +85 C. (320)

PAKTRON TAKESTHE HAND WORKOUT OFPRODUCTION
The Micromoiule Assembler is only one of the units designed
arid made by PAKTRON to eliminate hand operation.

Heat Dissipators
For Semiconductors
33 Perry Ave., Attleboro, Mass. Series 9021 heat dissipators are designed for TO-8 orstud moun,ted semiconductors. Employing an extruded parallel fin design, they give maximum efficiency
in either a vertical or horizontal
position. The units are small (1.590
by 1.590 by 0.625 in.) but dissipate
heat at the rate of 6deg C/w. (321)

AUGAT INC.,

V'Jith "controiled mechanization", reliabiiity is constant as production is increased.
Ten years' experience in electron,c circuit packaging, metalization, ceramics, automatic assembiy and test devices are reasons
PAKTRON is one of the prime suppliers in this new technology.

High Power Magnetrons
Come in 4 Models
FERRANTI, LTD., Ferry Road, Edinburgh 5, Scotland, introduces a newrange of 4 high power magnetrons
ranging in peak power from 2 Mw
at about 5,000-6,000 Mc to 100 Kw
at 35,000 Mc all with very highmean power ratings. This is largely
due to the company's developmentof the bombardment type high temperature thoriated tungsten cathode previously exploited only at
X-band in their VF10 and VF11.
Heating by means of an electron
February

15,

1963

LESLIE AVENUE • ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIAAREA CODECIRCLE 1- 7 ON READER SERVICE CARD

117

ELECTRONICS

PROGRESSIN

SEMICONDUCTORS

Now ... a low-cost Planar Passivated Silicon Transistor
for the entertainment market
New 2N2711 series now available in quantity for hi-fi, TV,and portable radio applications
Now ... for the first time in the entertainment market ... ahighly
reliable silicon transistor at germanium prices.

One million transistor hours of life test back up the reliability of the
New 2N2711 series Planar Passivated Silicon Transistors.

27 MC Crystal Controlled Superheterodyne
MINIMUM DISCERNIBLE SIGNAL•0.5V ACROSS 500

+9

.1

.01

m.F

e

TO AUDIO

IAMPLIFIERS
.001

500
30 MC
•

118

1

CIRCLE

Everything is optimized for amplifier service! No highcost glass-to-metal seals. A unique, new solid-epoxy housing
on aplanar passivated surface makes possible exceptionallyhigh levels of performance at exceptionally low cost ...
with the reliability inherent in a planar passivated silicontransistor. For complete technical data ask for Application
Note 90.8. Write: Section 16B146, Semiconductor Products
Department, General Electric Company, Syracuse,
New York. In CanaPerformance Data
da: Canadian GenHigh Power Gain .42-45 db.
eral Electric, 189
Neutralized at 455 kc.
Dufferin St.,Toronto,
Low Noise
5/N in typical RF
Ont. Export: Intercircuit, 22 db.; 10 Kc
national General
Noise Figure of 2.8 db.
Electric, 159 MadiBetas
Two ranges: 30 to 90,
son Ave., New York
75 to 225
Low lop
05 pa max.
16, New York.

2511 T .01 e F

2 lo
s
aF

X— 27 MC XTAL
T1 — RADIO INDUSTRIES 13964-121
12-T3 — RADIO INDUSTRIES 13964— GERMANIUM DIODE

The 2N2711 series silicon planar passivated transistor represents anew concept in transistor manufacturing. It is nota "fallout" of an existing product type. It is designed,
manufactured and marketed strictly for entertainment applications...and it features high power gain, low noise, low
Ioo, high mechanical strength, and small size (fits TO-18
outline, except 250 mil height, for smallest portables)...

Li —151 #30 WIRE TAPPED 51
FROM GRD END — ON CTC LS6FORM WHITE DOT CORE.
D2
SILICON DIODE

118 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Available through your G-E semiconductor distributor

GENERAL

ELECTRIC
electronics

gun allows a far higher cathodetemperature to be used without involving a short heater life.
CIRCLE 322 READER SERVICE CARD

aluminum foil for electronics

441

ziliaUfe.
Ultrasonic Cleaner
Has Large Capacity
577 Elm St., Kearny,
N.J., has developed a 22-quart
ultrasonic cleaner in portable console form. The Ultra-Cleen 760 GT
is a completely self-contained, onepiece console on casters which canbe moved easily to any location
where ultrasonic cleaning is required. The entire console is controlled by a single knob, making itpractical for use by production line
personnel and others who might beunfamiliar with the complexities oftuning, dialing, etc. Overall size,
33 by 13 by 21 in. (323)"Quality Leadership"

L&R MFG. CO.,

Extracting organic residues from specimens of each run of capacitor
foil enables Republic to maintain strict control over the foil surface ...vital to the manufacture of electronic components suchas condensers. Continual monitoring of surface condition is but oneof the advanced test methods that is adirect result of Republic's
recognition of the critical requirements of the electronics industry.
Republic's Electro-Dry Foil is the highest quality foil for condensers
and capacitors (surface residues are controlled by Republic's proved
extraction test like the one pictured above) assuring maximum
performance. This is why Republic Foil continues to maintain ...
Quality Leadership.
Whether your requirements are for plain aluminum foil for paperor film wound capacitors, or for etched aluminum foil for the
manufacture of high reliability electrolytic capacitors, Republic
Foil consistently meets the most critical specifications.
THE LEADING MANUFACTURER OF A COMPLETE LINE OF CAPACITOR FOIL
•
•
•
•
•

LIGHT GAGE FOIL for paper and film wound capacitors of all types.
ETCHED ANODE & CATHODE FOIL
PLAIN FOIL FOR ETCHING
PLAIN FOIL for electrolytic capacitors, coil winding, and other uses.
FULL TECHNICAL SERVICE
write for brochure describing Republic's full foil line

X-Band Magnetron
Delivers 1.5 Mw
S-F-D LABORATORIES, Union, N. J.
The SFD-303A CEM coaxial magnetron generates 1.5 Mw peak andFebruary

15,

1963

REPUBLIC FOIL INC.
GENERAL OFFICES• DANBURY, CONNECTICUTROLLING MILL DIVISION — Danbury, Connecticut
ELECTROCHEMICAL DIVISION — Salisbury, North Carolina
BRANCH SALES OFFICES — 5306 West Lawrence Ave., Chicago 30, Illinois
Van D. Clothier, Inc., 165 South Mission Road, Los Angeles 33, California

CIRCLE 119 ON READER SERVICE CARD

119

NO

WIFREQUENCY PERFORMANCE. HIGHUP TO 100 Mc.

WITH MECHATROUS
MECHATRI MS
NON-WIREWOUND
1/2" SQUARE TRIMMER POTENTIOMETERS
HIGH FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS
1/2" SQUARE TRIMMERS

1 Kw average power at 9.375 Gc.
Power is coupled in RG/51U waveguide through a ceramic output
window. The 43 lb packaged tube
operates at 55 percent efficiency.
The inherent stability of the magnetron is displayed by the 3.5 Mc
typical pulling figure. Unit is liquid
cooled and operates over a wide
range of pulse conditions, to morethan 2 µsec.
CIRCLE 324, READER SERVICE CARD

100

25,000 OHMS

90

•e
z

80

—

70

<(' z

60

u
•‘r.
.3J

\

le— 10,000 OHMS
\

\
\

\
\

\
\

NON•WIREWOUND

TRIMMERS

50

T500 AND HT500 MECHATRIMS

40

W 'REWOUND TRIMMERS

\
\

\
\

\
\

\
\

2 MANUFACTURERS

30

C1 0
•

20

NOTE

10

\
\

\

RESISTANCE MEASURED ACROSS END TERMINALS,
WIPERS AT 50% SETTING

\
\
\

\

\
\•,.

.•••..

,..

--,....s ua

---,
el

o

10

01

100

FREQUENCY—MEGACYCLES

SA171-->

sEnvoreEcHANIsngsbeic.
NIECHATROLDIVISION
EL SEGUNDO, CALIFORNIAWESTBURY, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORKCIRCLE 215 ON READER SERVICE CARDSLIT MASKING TAPE INTONIMSEXTRA THIN STRIPS—FAST WITHDISPENS-494117

NATIONWIDE IMPROVED

Keyer Calibrates
Frequency ShiftMARS ELECTRONICS, Syosset, L. I.,
N. Y., announces a frequency shift
keyer which provides 10 crystal
oven-controlled channels and meets
MIL specifications. Model FS-303
provides ameans for modulating an
r-f carrier signal with FSK transmissions. It has a frequency rangeof 2 to 4 Mc with 10 separate channels provided. Frequency shift iscalibrated from 0 to ±-1000 cycles.
Power output is approximately 2
w into 50 ohms. (325)

MAIL SERVICE PROGRAM
4 EA3Y STEPS
1. Apply tape to female grove block
2. Run cutting block across tape
3. Raise ends of slit tape with thelift block
4 Lit: slit pieces of tape withtweezer

For Better Service

FEATURESYour Post Office•Can slit tape ranging in size from 1
4 "/to 4" wide into slits Y16 "to 1
4 "wide.
/•Eliminates large stocks of pre-slit tape.
•Can get 8rolls of 1/"tape from one
4roll 1" tape—substantial savings.
•Blades press fit for easy adjustment ofwidths.
•Portable—can be placed at any working area.
Write for complete descriptive literature
on Dispens-O-Slit and other Mask-O-Matic
products.

Suggests

That You Mail Early
In The Day!

zramsic-c•-zrastic 1--WHEN MASKING ... REMEMBER MASA.O.MATIG

55 Belmont Ave. • Paterson 2, N. J.
Area Code 201 Phone 684-5600

120

••

CIRCLE 120 ON READER SERVICE CARD

Component Ovens inOver 100 Designs
MONITOR PRODUCTS CO., 815 Fremont
Ave., South Pasadena, Calif., offersa line of ovens used to control thetemperature of crystals, oscillators,
and other temperature sensitive
components. Over 100 designs areavailable from miniature airborne
crystal ovens to rack mounted laboratory units. Stabilities to ±0.003
C can be met. (326)electronics

Literatureof the Week

OFFERS THE WIDEST RANGEOF RESISTANCE VALUESADHESIVE Gulton
Industries,
Inc., 212 Durham Ave., Metuchen,
N. J. Bulletin covers an epoxy adhesive offering the optimum combination of tenacious bond strengthand high conductivity at a low
price. (327)EPDXY

10 14 12

10 11 0Temec, Inc., 7833
Haskell Ave., Van Nuys, Calif., has
catalog sheet on model 12 servoposition antenna pedestal. (328)

10 10 11
1 GIGA OHM

TRANSISTORS

10. 112 MAX.

1 MEG OHM
10 50
10 40
1 K OHM

Taber Instrument Corp., 107 Goundry St.,
North Tonawanda, N. Y. Bulletin
introduces a 0-50 psia, 5I/ d-c transducer/amplifier. (330)

10 211
102
o

NOISE SOURCE TUBE Warnecke Electron

Mfr, A

Mfr. B

Mfr. C

rpc

Manufacturers' ohmic ranges based on highest and loo,+est ohm single

Tubes, Inc., 175 West Oakton St.,Des Plaines, Ill. Catalog RW-100
describes a 50 Kc to 200 Mc highpowered permanent magnet focus
noise source tube. (331)
PRESSURE

5x10 212 MAX.

10 72

D-C TRANSDUCER/AMPLIFIERCALIBRATION

10 40 MAX.

10 811

SperrySemiconductor,
Norwalk,
Conn.
Technical bulletin SS-500 describes
the new silicon planar transistors
which combine high breakdown voltage with high beta in a single transistor. (329)
PLANAR

10 14 0 MAX

1 TERA OHM

ANTENNA PEDESTALSILICON(100 MILLION MEGOHMS)

1013G

resistor.

WIP"" -OUND RESISTOR ti DRIFTONLY 25 PPM IN 3 YEAR.

CONTROLLER

Consolidated Electrodynamics Corp.,
360 Sierra Madre Villa, Pasadena,
Calif. Operation of type 6-003 calibration pressure controller is described in a bulletin. (332)(If applicable to your needs)

DRIFT PPM
25

General Electric Co., Phoenix, Ariz., has available five "software" brochures onlatest programming packages for
the GE-225 computer. (333)

PROGRAMMING PACKAGES

20

15

10

RECORD ACCESSORIES Texas Instruments

Incorporated, 3609 Buffalo Speedway, Houston 6, Texas. Bulletin
R-504 describes series 300 accessories for the "recti/riter" galvanometric recorders. (334)Burroughs Corp., Detroit 32, Mich.
Technical information bulletin contains an illustrated paper on theD825—a multiple-computer systemfor command and control. (335)

MULTIPLE-COMPUTER

WeinschelEngineering, P. 0. Box 577, Gaithersburg, Md. Application Note
No. 4 describes a dual channel insertion loss test set. (336)

INSERTION

LOSS

TEST

YEARS

SYSTEM

SET

1

2

3

Drift in PPM. Resistors stored and measured at room temperature
without the use of controlled atmosphere.

In addition to brilliant performance and outstanding reliability,
RPC offers you awide choice of quality resistors and ahighly
competent engineering department that can help you solve sticky
problems involving resistance.

GENERATORS Accutronics,
Inc., 12 South Island, Batavia, Ill.
Single sheet brochure covers a lineof portable, battery powered timemark generators. (337)

TIME-MARKPRECISION WIRE WOUNDCARBON FILMPRECISION METAL FILMeRESISTANCE NETWORKS

Resistance Products Co.

ENCODER
Theta Instrument
Corp., 520 Victor St., Saddle Brook,
N. J. Engineering bulletin describes
the Decitrak, direct-decimal shaft
encoder. (338)SHAFT

914 S. 13th Street, Harrisburg, Pa.

Braun Tool and Instrument Co. Inc., 140 Fifth Ave.,

COMPONENT CLIPS

February

15, 1963

CIRCLE

•

I

I

121

ON READER SERVICE CARD

121

100% RELIABILITYCYLINDRICAL OR FLAT

ultra..
precision
components

//'

N

o
r

TOLERANCES TO .000,005"
SURFACE FINISHES TO .5
FLATNESS TO .000,002"
Eliminate rejection problems! Special skills
developed at VK over a period of nearly 50
years enable us to produce, economically,
Precision Pivots (including carbide), Precision
Valve Parts,
Precision
Pistons, Precision
Spacers, Precision Pins and other components
having gage characteristics.
Our special production techniques can be applied to your miniature parts ...to assure
utmost reliability. We can assist you in manufacture, finish-operations, or inspection.

TRUE
CONCENTRICSTRANDED WIRE CONSTRUCTION

Send us a print, a part, or specs. Better still,phone us, collect, at WA 6-1450 (Area Code 617).

PRECISION PARTS DIVISIONTHE

Don't Settle For Substitute Constructions
Where Quality Cannot Be Compromised

Are you a
COMPLETELYINFORMED

electronics
engineer?

%INTERNATIONAL_eke- 300 Greenwood Ave.,Midland Park, New Jersey
Gilbert 4-2151

electronics

for"TRUE CONCENTRICVS.
UNILAY STRANDED WIRE"
ee•uir,.

122

CO.

Today you may be working in microwaves. But
on what project will you
be working tomorrow?
You could have readelectronics this past year
and kept abreast of, say, microwave technology.
There were 96 individual microwave articles between July, 1961 and June, 1962!
But suppose tomorrow you work in some areaof standard electronic components, in semiconductors, in systems? Would you be up-to-date in thesetechnologies? Did you read the more than 3,000
editorial pages that electronics' 28-man editorial
staff prepared last year?
electronics is edited to keep you current wherever you work in the industry, whatever your job
function (s). If you do not have your own copy ofelectronics, subscribe today via the Reader Service
Card in this issue. Only 71/
2 cents a copy at the 3

Ue e
FREE, FACTUALSURVEY REPORTe

KEUREN

171 Waltham Street
WATERTOWN 72, MASS.
CIRCLE 216 ON READER SERVICE CARD

For The TEFLON Industry

International Wire produces precision wire products
for an industry where 100% reliability is the standardof performance. Time and experience has proved that
only true concentric wire construction measures up
to this level.
If you engineer a product into which reliability must
be designed, specify quality in the insulated wire components ...specify true concentric strand.
Don't permit second class substitutes to find a placein your designs. To insure performance that will withstand the test of time, specify the construction thathas already withstood the test of time ... true concentric strand.

VAN

WIRE PRODUCTS CORPORATIONCIRCLE 122 ON READER SERVICE CARD

year rate.

electronics

CONDUCTIVE
PRECIOUSMETALSSILVER •GOLD •PLATINUM
Superior Quality-Controlled
IN READY-TO-USE FORM
LIQUID OR PASTE
I Adhesion
Conductivity
Solderability
Abrasion
Resistance
Application Ease

Offer
Designers
And
Engineers
BETTERMAY BE
BRUSHED — SPRAYEDDIPPED — SCREEN PRINTED ON
PORCELAIN • CERAMICS • PLASTICSGLASS • WOOD • QUARTZ • MICALet Our Specialists SolveYour Unusual Metallizing Problems
BROCHURE ON REQUESTFROM OUR UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVES

MATERIALS for
ELECTRONICS CO.
'Bldg. 17, N. Y. Intl Airportj
Jamaica 30, New York\.‘IDEGUSSACIRCLE

217

Ceramic Colors Department
ANKFURT/M, W.GERMANYi
ON READER SERVICE CARD

Hawthorne, N. J.
has released
bulletin No. 362 on six new beryllium copper component clips. (339)
KNOBS
RaytheonCo., 55 Chapel St., Newton 58, Mass.
Brochure MC-113 describes the complete Designer series of aluminumcapped knobs. (340)

ALUMINUM-CAPPEDAdler Electronics Inc., One LeFevre Lane,
New Rochelle, N. Y. An illustrated
brochure describes various methods
available for expanding educational
horizons through use of tv techniques. (341)

EDUCATIONAL TV SYSTEMSDATAACQUISITIONSYSTEMS

SyStr0/1-

LET USHELP YOUCUT COSTS!

Donner Corp., 888 Galindo St., Concord, Calif., has published a 4-pagebrochure entitled "Systrac
Systems." (342)

GENERATOR
Waddell Dynamics, Inc., 5841 Mission Gorge
Road, San Diego 20, Calif., offers abulletin describing models L3SGL3SG1 time linear sawtooth generator. (343)

SAWTOOTHCOMPONENTS Relcoil Products Corp., a division of Hi-G, Inc.,
Bradley Field, Windsor Locks, Conn.
Brochure contains technical data onhigh performance r-f and i-f magnetic components. (344)

MAGNETIC

DIGITAL PRINTERS Franklin Electronics,

Inc., Bridgeport, Pa. Bulletin 2030A
describes a new generation of digital printers—decimal as well asalpha-numeric. (345)

MAGNETOSTRICTIVE DELAY

LINES

Corn-

puter Control Co., Inc., Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, Mass.,
offers a comprehensive data package
on 3C Soniline magnetostrictive delay lines. (346)

WAY ANTENNAS Andrew Corp.,
P. 0. Box 807, Chicago 42, Ill., has
released a catalog on fixed station
antennas for the mobile
radio
services. (347)

TWO

Electronics Corp., 146 Main St., Maynard, Mass., announced an Application Note containing application
information on suppressed carrier
modulators for use in ssb systems
and in spectrum analyzers.
(348)

BALANCED MODULATORS SpeCtran

PLASTICRETARDINGRESINS
IsochemResins Co., 221 Oak St., Providence
9, R. I. Technical data bulletincovers Isochemrez 470FR series
which offers an excellent base forself-extinguishing p-c boards. (349)

VARIABLE CONDENSER.

FLAME

2 band, 3 bandrad for FM only.

SOUND LEVEL METER Rohde & Schwarz,

th

•""

vmssla»111 Lexington Ave., Passaic, N. J.
Bulletin includes specifications anddescriptions of operation and useof the type ELZT self-containedsound level meter. (350)

The Diehl Mfg.
Co., Somerville, N. J., has publishedapplication bulletin 607B on its lineof ser servo amplifiers. (351)

SCR SERVO AMPLIFIERS

CARBON

Rehm
TOYO
ELECTRONICS
INDUSTRYCORPORATION
P, 0, BOX 103 CENTRALEngineering Corp., 234 E. College Ave.,
State College, Pa. Data sheet describes model 1019F solid state wideband amplifier. (352)

WIDE BAND AMPLIFIER Community
Cable address,

SANESVARICON TOKYO

1425, 4-chome, Higashinakanobu,
Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo,

Japan.

CIRCLE 218 ON READER
February

15,

1963

SERVICE CARDCIRCLEFILM RESISTOR

KYOTO

123 ONJAPAN

READER SERVICE CARD

123

PEOPLE AND PLANTS

the building contains 65 laboratories, extensive environmental test

Electro -Optical Systems Expands
COMPLETION of anew $2 million
corporate headquarters and research, development, and systems
laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., hasbeen announced by Electro-Optical
Systems, Inc. It expands total physical facilities of the company toover 200,000 square feet and consolidates corporate operations into
three principal locations.
Constructed on an 8-acre site,the
3-story
135,000-square-footstructure will house many of thecountry's most advanced programsin energy storage and conversion,
advanced power systems, microelectronics, laser research and optical systems, and space instrumentation, according to company officials.
Designed especially to meet thecritical needs of military and spacesystems while providing for supporting research facilities as well,

TI Officers Elected to Board

equipment,
prototypeassembly
areas, machine shops, and uniquely
designed,
atmosphericallycontrolled research and assembly laboratories. It also includes over 200
scientific and administrative offices,
a complete technical library, and a
200-seat auditorium for scientificseminars.
In addition to its new facility,
EOS will continue to expand its ion
and plasma physics R&D activities,
and will also retain a space structures and prototype manufacturing
unit, both in Pasadena.
Since its founding in Pasadena
in 1956, Electro-Optical Systems,
Inc., has been one of the city's
fast-growing
companies.
Fromsales during the first year of $80,000 the organization last year grew
to a volume of approximately $10
million. The company is listed
among the top 100 research and development defense contractors in
the United States.
As a research and systems development oriented company, EOS carries on no commercial manufacturing
activities
itself.
However,
items evolving from research programs that are of commercial orindustrial use are manufactured
and marketed by subsidiary companies.
One such subsidiary is Micro
Systems, Inc., of San Gabriel,which is engaged in producing
semiconductor instrumentation devices in the transducer and strain
gage fields for applications in industrial, military, space and biomedical devices.

Tucker Appointed
Research Director
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINESMark Shepherd, Jr.
J. E.

Texas

board chairman ofInstruments Incorporated,

JONSSON,

has announced the election to the
TI board of directors of MarkShepherd, Jr., executive vice president, and S. T. Harris, senior vice124

S.

I. 11«, ris

president.
This increases board
membership to ten.
Shepherd joined Texas Instruments in 1948 as a project engineer,and Harris came with the company
in 1949 as a sales engineer.

has announced the promotionof Gardiner L. Tucker to IBM director of research. Formerly director of development engineering for
the IBM World Trade Corp., he will
be responsible for the company's research activities at its Yorktown,
N. Y., New York City, San Jose,
Calif.; and Zurich, Switzerland,
CORP.

electronics

Microwave, semiconductor andfast switching circuits with highdensity packaging, that heretofore have been thought impractical or impossible to build because of their bulk or complexity, are successfully produced in
TRI -PLATE Strip Transmission
Line. u In breadboarding, packaging and quantity production,
what the concept of strip transmission promised, TRI -PLATE

techniques deliver — they've
made the concept a practicalreality! Li For example, Sanders
developed a beam-forming matrix — with both azimuth andelevation capabilities — whichmakes possible simultaneous,
multiple-beam transmission
and reception. It not only simplifies thedesign of electronicallyscanned antennas, it also drastically reduces both their overall

size and the number of components required. u Shown below
is a 16-element, beam-forming
matrix and attenna array which
operates at S-band over a 30 per
cent bandwidth. It measures
just 10 1/
4" x 10 1/
4" and requires
only 32 hybrid devices as compared to 192 three-port power
dividers needed in a conventional design. Similarly, a 64 x
64 array capable of forming 4,096

Breakthroughdesigns
achievedwith Tri-Plate®
techniques
RF BEAM-FORMING MATRIX

pencil beams would require only
24,576 hybrids — in contrast tonearly one-half million power
dividers. In addition to radar
applications, this beam-forming matrix developed by Sanders
can be used wherever simultaneous transmission and receptionof data is desirable — including
space communications. This isjust one example of how TRI PLATE engineering techniques
might be applied to solve yourdesign problem. o To help you
speed the time from design tobreadboard to prototype to proFebruary

15,

1963

duction with known charactermicrowave systems designed in
istics, there are more than 600
TRI -PLATE Modules can be proTRI -PLATE Modules — including
duced in quantity as integrated
TRI -PLATE Packages, with perover 150 TRI -PLATE Mounts forsemiconductor devices — availformance equal to or better thanable from Sanders. They let you
modular prototypes, and withtest new circuit ideas — nogreat savings in size and weight.
matter how different or daring
For further information about
TRI -PLATE Products, including— quickly, easily and economically. You can go from paper
specifications and prices, write
schematics to functioning cirto Sanders Associates, Inc.,
cuits in just minutes to evaluate
Microwave Products Dept.,
new design concepts.
And
Nashua, New Hampshire.
0.—
cove...
T. M.,EXTENSIVEPATENT

SANDERS ASSOCIATES,

INC.

CREATING NEW DIRECTIONS IN ELECTRONICS içiel
irr iphip LA\ fr e STRIP TRANSMISSION LINE zizi

SANDERSCIRCLE 125 ON READER SERVICE CARD

125

DISENCHANTED WITH FUSES?
CONSIDER—ICR6LECT R9N
u

M

Li

CURRENT
LIMITERS
061111%
ent le%0

Here'sproven performance
characteristics you
can rely on:
1

Total Vibration Resistance2
Impervious to Environmental
Conditions
3
Married to Semi-Conductor
Characteristics
4300% to 400% faster acting
than any fuse

In service on some of the nations mostadvanced aero-space projects, thesecurrent limiters deliver precise protection to the most delicate circuits.
Temperature coefficient is plus.2% per
degree C. At elevated temperatures thishas the effect of increasing sensitivity
to overloads. Semiconductors exhibit asimilar coefficient. Therefore these current limiters are ideal for protection oftransistors and diodes. Amperage ratings from 1/32 to 3 amps; also to 5
amps in S100 and S125 units. For complete details on price and delivery
contact your nearest
Microlectron representative or write to Microlectron at 1547 18th
Street, Santa Monica,
P-200 California.
— 4.=

Bulletin P-200 gives
full facts on Microlectron
Current Limiters.
Request your copy.

MICROLECTRON
126

laboratories.
He will report to
Emanuel R. Piore, IBM vice president for research and engineering.
Tucker succeeds Gilbert W. King
who has resigned to become vicepresident and director of research
for the Itek Corp., Lexington, Mass.

Zenith Executives
Take New Posts
RADIO CORPORATION, Chicago, Ill., has announced that Robert Adler has been appointed vicepresident-director of research, apost held since 1949 by Alexander
Ellett, who has been named to thenew position of vice president,
special scientific projects.
Adler, elected vice president in
1959, has been associate director of
research since November, 1952.
Ellett joined Zenith in 1945. During World War II, as chief of Division 4 of the National Defense
Research Committee, he directeddevelopment of the V-T proximity
fuze.
In addition to the appointments
listed above, the company also announced that Erwin M. Roschke ispromoted to assistant director andadministrative
managerofresearch, and Bertrand Miller to assistant research director.

ZENITH$3.00 List
(Without Handle)

TYPE 3A
MOLDED FROM DIALLYL PHTHALATE
Only 1" in diameter .... weighs 30
grams ... as many as 8 decks andup to 12 positions per deck. These
are among the features of Tech
Labs' new all-molded miniature
Type 3A tap switch.
Designed for a wide range of military and commercial applications,this single-hole mounted switch
has adjustable stops if fewer than
12 positions, single pole, or 6 positions, double pole, are required.
"Shorting" and "non-shorting"types are available and the switch
can be furnished solenoid-operated and hermetically sealed.

SPECIFICATIONS
Size: 1" diameter, 11
4 " with terminals.
/
First deck, 1-1/16" long. Each additionaldeck, 1/"long.
2
Weight: First deck, 30 grams. 10 gramsfor each additional deck.
Rating: 1200 volts rms, 2000 VDC, 5
amps (carrying) 115V.
Insulating resistance: 100 megohms minimum at 500 volts DC.
Life: 1.5 — 2.million revolutions.
Contact resistance:

Benzing Accepts
Vice Presidency(standard)

APPOINTMENT of Louis H. Benzing,

formerly director of operations of
the Lockheed Electronics Co., asvice president and general managerof the G. C. Dewey Corp. has beenannounced. He has assumed complete responsibility for the directionof the company's data systems, electronics and test support divisions,

CIRCLE 126 ON READER SERVICE CARD

6-10 milliohms.

(silver)
3-5 millionms.
Temperature range: —65°C to 100°C.
Mounting: Single hole.
Meets MIL-S-3786A
Write for details
and prices.

e.

tABORATORIES,PALISADES PARK, NEW JERSEYCIRCLE 219 ON READER SERVICE CARD

and will also supervise the engineering and manufacturing operations as well as the marketing requirements of the Pitometer Log
Corp., the firm's wholly-owned subsidiary.
In 1955 Benzing joined Stavid
Engineering, Inc., subsequently acquired by Lockheed, where, after
successive promotions he became director of operations responsible forall material and manufacturingfunctions and supervised the activities of 525 people.

THINNER THAN EVER!
is the thermo module newly developed by
Sanyo Electric Co. The technique evolved
by Sanyo eliminates high cost and brittle
nature of the bismuth telluride alloys usedin production of thermoelements. Our exhaustive stüdy reveals possibilities ofstill reducing its thinness, resulting in wider and moreseconomical
applications to scientificand electronic equipment.

SPECIFICATIONS

Optheme Optheen. (1)Insulationnt.7- Current Voltage 61 Voltage(2)Type
ST61.1023"."• •(amp.>(9ein(C)(Volt/

10

23

0.9

33

30
30

STAI-1021

10

21

0.9

33

5161-1016

10

16

0.9

33

50

SPA- 1012

10

12

0.9

33

30

SPA-1006

10

6

0.9

33

30

Olesendene(Inds)
37%43010.3(2.2431.6930.413)
37043010.0
12.2431.6930.413
37 •43310.0
12-24 <1.4930.393•1 x32.309.3(1.41201.2130.374)
41 XII.PX ell(1.42.1.2130.374

Subject to than', without notice
NoN: Ill No heal load: Try Is 2T C
(21 Voltage °oohed trtwiton circuit cd INt or cold plots

Western ElectricElects Clow
P. CLOW, a Chesapeake &Potomac Telephone Co. executive,
has been elected vice president andmember of the board of directorsof Western Electric Co.
In his new post, Clow will headthe Defense Activities division
which is responsible for bringing
together Bell System resources toaccomplish national defense andspace communications projects.

Therme-elecfris
Refrl 9Thermogm cfric j„

ARTHURe
Thermotherrno Poe----'

Processing Tray

Apply for further details to:

SANYO
SANYO ELECTRIC INC., ELLENVILLE, N.Y.
SUBSIDIARY OF SANYO ELECTRIC CO., LTD. OSAKA, JAPAN
MAKERS OF RADIO, TV, STEREOPHONOGRAPH, ROOM AIR CONDITIONER,REFRIGERATOR, WASHING MACHINE, SEMICONDUCTOR, THERmOELEmENT.

CIRCLE 127 ON READER SERVICE CARD

HELP YOUR POST OFFICETO SERVE YOU BETTER
American Electronics
Promotes Echoldsof E. Frank EchoIds tovice president-operations of American Electronics, Inc., Fullerton,
Calif., has been announced. He will
be responsible for engineering, for
PROMOTION

February

15,

1963

BY

MAILING EARLY IN THE DAY
NATIONWIDE IMPROVED MAIL SERVICEPROGRAM
127

all manufacturing operations, andfor quality control at the Fullerton
facilities.
AmericanElectronics

produces

electronic systems and components
for the aerospace industry.

onexperiencesmall signal"h" parameters

MCL Moves to
New Plant

POLYGONIII

13monthsofMicrowave

CavityLaboratories,

AFTER

NI VC ON
Ole

operation,Inc., has moved to a new plant in
LaGrange, Ill.

Model 1803A

The 10,000-square foot building
which is three times larger than theoriginal plant, completely houses
the general offices, engineering andmanufacturing. The new facilities

Write for information about industry's most complete line of standard and custom designed instruments for semiconductor testing.

include provision for further expansion up to 30,000 square feet.

DYN ATR AN

ultra-highprecision
capacitors

dechtutico ceptvuttipit
178 HERRICKS ROAD
MINEOLA, NEW YORK
F'Ion.eer 1- 4141

Southern Electronics high-precision
capacitors are demonstrating their provenreliability today in twelve different
missiles, analog computers, and many radarand communications applications.

CIRCLE 220 ON READER SERVICE CARD

SEC high-precision capacitors utilize
polystyrene, providing .01% tolerances, andmylar and teflon to meet .5%
requirements. They show excellent stability
characteristics over an extended
temperature range, and tolerances areunaffected even at extreme high altitudes.

William Wells Joins
Perkin-Elmer

The unusual accuracy, stability andreliability of SEC capacitors are the result ofengineering experience concentrated
on the design and manufacture of precision
capacitors only, plus rigid quality control
standards subjecting each capacitor
to seven inspections during manufacture,plus final inspection.

F. WELLS has joined the
Perkin-Elmer Corp., Norwalk,Conn., as general manager of its

WILLIAMOur engineering experience enables us tomeet your size requirements, while
holding to exact capacitance and tolerance
specifications.
SEC capacitors are manufactured in awide range of capacitance to meet yourneeds from 100 mmfd. to any higher value,
and meet or exceed the most rigid MIL-SPECS.

IMIN.
POLYGON

114111•SCAN CONVERSION•FLICKERLESSDISPLAY STORE•VIDEO STORAGE

Electro-Optical division west coast
operations.
Wells was executive vice president and general manager of Midwestern Instruments, Tulsa, Okla.,
before accepting the new position.
Previously he was with General

Write today for detailed
technical data and general
catalog.

Electric Co. for 16 years in a variety of engineering, manufacturing and managerial positions.

NYCON

Servonic Instruments
Building Addition

SOUTHERNELECTRON ICSSERVONIC INSTRUMENTS, INC.,

Costa

Mesa, Calif., has under construc-

BURBANK, CALIFORNIA

128

Single-gun, dual-gun, multi-tube
systems to convert scan for radar,sonar, television, and to perform
analog processing, data analysis,contract or expand time scale,auto correlation.

•SLOWED TELEVISION
TRANSMISSION

by telephone line or other narrowband systems.

•IMAGE ENGINEERINGOPTICAL CHART READERS, FLYING SPOT SCANNERS, LOW-LIGHTLEVEL CAMERAS, and IMAGE
RECTIFICATION. Automatic inspection and recognition of size, shape,
color, and texture.

•do
CIRCLE 128 ON READER SERVICE CARD

This addition will house researchand development, prototype produc-

W rite or call forcomplete information:\Wore_INSTRUMENTS, Inc.

tion a 10,000 square foot facility.

150 WEST CYPRESS AVENUEe•RECORDING STORAGE TUBE SYSTEMSoCIRCLE 221

2300 Washington Street
Newton 62, Massachusetts
617
WOodward 9-8440

ON READER SERVICE CARDFREE TOCOMPANY
OFFICIALSLOOKING FOR
ANEWPLANT SITE

'SPECIFY

tion and the environmental test laboratory. Scheduled for completionon or about March 1, it will bring
the total company plant area to over
35,000 square feet.
According to Patrick S. Chase,president of Servonic, this addition
plus its equipment will represent an
investment of almost $250,000.

HANDSETS
byStromberg-Carlson

Primary products of Servonic Instruments, Inc., are pressure transducers, pressure switches and rectilinear potentiometers.

PEOPLE IN BRIEF

WE WILL PREPARE FOR YOU A

CONFIDENTIAL SURVEY
OF SELECTED LOCATIONSFOR YOUR NEW PLANT IN

NEW YORK STATE
2__
Ck TARE•SUBJECT

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Natural Resources
93-94
Transportation & Markets
95-104Sites
105-133

TAILOR-MADE. This confidential report is not taken off the shelf. It will
be prepared specifically for you, basedon the requirements for your new plant
as you give them to us. Send these requirements on your business letterhead
to Commissioner Keith S. McHugh,
N.Y. State Dept. of Commerce, Room
232K, 112 State St., Albany 7, N.Y.

Keith S. McHugh, Commissioner
New York State Department of commerce
February

15,

1963

Lendon E. Flener, previously withFrank Industries, named directorof mfg. for Tracerlab div. of Laboratory
For
Electronics,
Inc.
Ashley A. Farrar, v-p and g-m of
Pickard & Burns, Inc., elected toboard of directors. Ben Trivelli
leaves Airtron to become mgr. ofengineering at Microtech, Inc. Don
Cinalia promoted to mgr. of theIndustrial Products div. of Jerrold
Electronics Corp. Sumner S. Averett and Victor Brociner advanced
to mgr. of engineering and mgr. of
research, respectively, at University Loudspeakers, div. of LingTemco-Vought, Inc. Robert B. Yeaton moves up to supervisor of theelectronic laboratory at Superior
Tube Co. Sperry Rand ups Robert
W. Jagoe to mgr. of its new Infrared/Optics/Laser Group. Harold
Treece elevated to div. mgr. of theElectro-Ceramics div. of Automation Industries, Inc. Robert N.
Palmer, from Sylvania to Varian
Associates as a senior engineering
mgr. Ralph A. Galbraith, exec v-pof the Syracuse University Research Corp., elected to the boardof directors of the Crouse-Hinds
Co. Jack Wilkeyson, ex-WesternElectric, named mgr. of the highreliability crystal group at Monitor Products Co.
Andrew J.
Unetic, v-p and g-m of Bourns Instrument div., elected to the boardof directors of Kinetics Corp.
George V. Woodrow, Jr., advances to director, research andengineering for LFE Electronics.
C. Gunnar Svala moves up to thenew post of technical director,
North Electric Co.
CIRCLE...for mobile radio, dictating
systems, carrier, microwave
and other applications.
Illustrated are lightweight models
No. 33 and No. 35. Both incorporate
push -to -talk switches and high-gain
receivers and transmitters. These
Stromberg-Carlson handsets meet agreat variety of needs in a broad
range of industrial applications.
No. 33 lightweight handset is furnished with a rocker bar switch.
No. 35 comes with abutton switch,or with both the button and rocker
bar switches.
Get technical data on these andother handsets from our Industrial
Sales Department.
STROMBERG-CARLSON
A

D

V>

DN

GENERAL

DYNAMICS

114 CARLSON ROAD • ROCHESTER 3,

129

ON

RI ADERSERVICE

CARD

N. Y.

129

EMPLOYMENTOPPORTUNITIES

electronicsWEEKLY QUALIFICATION FORM
FOR POSITIONS AVAILABLE

ATTENTION:
ENGINEERS, SCIENTISTS, PHYSICISTSThis Qualification Form is designed to help you advance in the elec-

tronics industry. It is unique and compact Designed with the assistanceof professional personnel management, it isolates specific experiencein electronics and deals only in essential background information.
The advertisers listed here are seeking professional experience. Fill in

CONFIDENTIAL

Your Qualification form will be handled as "Strictly Confidential" by
ELECTRONICS. Our processing system is such that your form will be
forwarded within 24 hours to the proper executives in the companies
you select. You will be contacted

at your horns by the interested

companies.

WHAT TODO

1. Review the positions in the advertisements.

2. Select those for which you qualify.
3. Notice the key numbers.
4. Circle the corresponding key number below th. Qualification Form.
5. Fill out the form completely. Please print clearly.
6. Mailto:Classified

Advertising

Div.,

ELECTRONICS,

Box

12,

New

131

1

ATOMIC PERSONNEL INC.,
Philadelphia, Penna.

126'

2

BELL AEROSYSTEMS CO.,Dv. of BQII Aerospace Corporation
A Textron Company
Buffalo, N. Y.

126'

3

FMA,

131

4

GENERAL DYNAMICS/ELECTRONICS
Rochester, N. Y.

124.

5

GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
TV Receiver Department
Syracuse, N. Y.

124'

6

HONEYWELL
St. Petersburg, Fla.

114'

7

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP.
New York, N. Y

125'

8

LOCKHEED CALIFORNIA COMPANY
Burbank, California

103'

9

LOCKHEED MISSILES 8 SPACE CO.,Div. of Aircraft Corp.
Sunnyvale, California

92'

10

MOTOROLA INC.,
Semiconductor Products Div.,
Phoenix, Arizona

127*

11

NORTHROP CORPORATION
Beverly Hills, California

119'

12

PERSPECTIVE
Needham, Mass.

131

13

INC.,
El Segundo, Calif.

(Continued on opposite page)

York 36, N. Y. (No charge, of course).

As No mu im ma Ima am

KEY

ACF INDUSTRIES INC
Albuquerque Division
Albuquerque, New Mexico

the Qualification Form below.

STRICTLY

SEE PAGE

COMPANY

ima um malamm in la minim la um mammal al ow ma

am Os um
(cut here)

electronics WEEKLY QUALIFICATION FORM FOR POSITIONS AVAILABLE(cut here)(Please type or print clearly. Necessary for reproduction.)
Personal

Background

Education
PROFESSIONAL DEGREE(S)NAME

MAJOR(S)HOME ADDRESS
CITY

ZONE

UNIVERSITYSTATE

DATE(S)HOME TELEPHONE

FIELDS OF EXPERIENCE (Please Check)

E Aerospace[1 Antennas
CI ASW
D Circuits
Ell Communications
D Components

E

CATEGORY OF SPECIALIZATION

21 563

Please indicate number of months
experience on proper lines.

CI Radar
D Rodio—TV
D Simulators

Fire Control

Technical
Ixperience(Months)

E Human Factors
E Infrared
D Instrumentationri Selld StateD Medicine
nTelemetry
D Microwave
D Transformersn Navigation
D Operations Research CI
El Other

11 Computers
El ECMRESEARCH (pure,fundamental, basic)
RESEARCH(Applied)
SYSTEMS(New Concepts)
DEVELOPMENT(Model)DESIGN(Product)
MANUFACTURING(Product)

D Electron Tubes

El Optics

FIELD(Service)

1=1 Engineering Writing

D Packaging

SALES(Proposals & Products)

1
130

2

3

4

5

CIRCLE KEY NUMBERS OF ABOVE COMPANIES'POSITIONS THAT INTEREST YOU

6

16

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Supervisoryixperience(Months)

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

electronics

this spells op•por•tu•ni•tySUPERVISORYPOSITIONS
theinSouthwest

with

AlbuquerqueDivision

SEARCHLIGHTSECTIONACF INDUSTRIES, INC.
prime

A

contractor

for

the

AtomicSELLING OPPORTUNITY AVAILABLE
Representatives wanted; calling on OriginalEquipment Manufacturers, edge lighted panels(Mil-P-7788A)
pioneers in white lighting.
Exclusive territory, New England, Middle Atlantic. South East. Mid West.
RW-1554.
Electronics, Classified Adv. Div., PO Box 12,
New York 36, N. Y.

Energy(Classified Advertising)Commission

BUSINESSSENIOR

EQUIPMENT -USED

ELECTRONICS ENGINEER

The advertising rate is $27.75 per Inch for all
advertising appearing on other than a contract
basis. Contract rates quoted on refluent.
An ADVERTISING INCII is measured 04, inch verticallyon one column, 3 f.olumns-30 inches—to a page.
EQUIPMENT WANTED or FOlt SALE ADVERTISEMENTS acceptable only in Displayed Style.

To be responsible for maintenance ofincludeselectronic

tape

Q,

con-

trolled machine tool equipment, gaging equipment, and production process•ing equipment.

wl

BSEE with five years

experience required.

ELECTRONICS ENGINEER
To

supervise

hourly electronic

or RESALEDISPLAYED RATE

all electronic equipment in the plant,
which

OPPORTUNITIESfl

UNDISPLAYED RATE

$2.70 a One, minimum 3 lines. To figure advancepayment count 5 average words as a line.
BOX NUMBERS count as one line additional infinfit.pla),,I ads.

T,

techni-cians engaged in maintenance of above
mentioned equipment.

MEE with twoyears experience required.
will

Salarybecommensurate

withfor an imaginative

training.-,nd experience. Relocation costs paid.
c‘tizenship required.

U. S.

electronic engineer

Mail resume to:P

General Supervisor, Professional Recruiting
Albuquerque Division, ACF Industries,
Inc.
0. Box 1666, Albuquerque, New Mexico

"ACF

IS

AN

EQUAL

OPPORTUNITYEMPLOYER"

Scientists and Engineers you can have an all
expense paid trip and confirmed selected interviews with national electronic companies it you
qualify.
Requirements: BS, MS, or PhD and one
year experience.
Opportunities available in: Research— Design — Development —Sales—Marketing—Applications.
Air Mail
Resume in Complete Conthiencc—No
Obligation
Write or Call Collect Dept. E for Full Details
Boston (617) 444-7113
Alan Glen—Technical/Scientific
Sid Hopner—Sales Marketing

PERSPECTIVEORGANIZA.
ENGINEERSTEN KEARNEY ROAD, NEEDHAM, MASS.
Highland Ave., Exit 056W Off Rte. 128— Marr Bldg.

electronicsWEEKLY QUALIFICATIONS FORM
FOR POSITIONS AVAILABLE

POTTER INSTRUMENT CO.,Plrinview, N. Y.

INC.

72*

14

122*

15

126*

16

SPACE TECHNOLOGY LABORATORIES,
IMC.
29
Sub. of Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc.
Redondo Beach, California
advertisements

February

15,

appeared

1963

Antique

TELEPHONES

AS
iscomplete.
deemepurpose$12.00.
Workingorder.
inter-comm.
$15.00Ext. on ilial $17.50. talking
eireult only.
Write for complete list.
MI shipments FOIL Simpson, Pa.
TELEPHONE ENGINEERING CO.
Dept. E-2 153, Simpson, Pa.

CIRCLE 953 ON READER SERVICE CARD

RADIO RESEARCH INSTRUM:NT CO.

SCOn PROFESSIONAL PLACEMENTCENTER
Waltham, Mass.

* Theseissue.

At FM A \ye use advanced electro HAROLD MARSHALL
optical scanning techniques to read(at low cost) • • • ADVERTISING Co., Inc.
information recorded on film. Some171 Madison Avenue,
N. Y. 16 • MU 6-5652
times the information is spelled out inmachine-readable code; sometimes theinformation is aphotograph.
Using a special purpose computer to
CIRCLE 950 ON READER SERVICE CARD
control the scanning system, we readthe information optically, then feed the
PUBLICITY
results back into the computer forfor INDUSTRIAL COMPONENTS,
processing, achieving, in effect, aELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS
Sales.stim ulatinginquiries provided quickly at
sampled data system. With these techreasonable cost.
Individual projects or continuingbasis.
Inquiries invilcd.
niques we can do many technicallyinteresting things — such as enhancing
ENGINEERING INFORMATION SERVICES
P. 0. Box 654
Mamaroneck, N. Y.
photography, recognizing patterns, or
automatically retrieving information.
CIRCLE 951 ON READER SERVICE CARD
\Wre looking for an electronic engineer with hardware and systems
experience who can put these and& EXPERIMENTAL WORK
related techniques to imaginative use
Over 10.000 different electronic parts: wave.
Raide, radar components and parts. test sets ,in advanced electro-optical equipment.
pulsers, antennas , pulse xmfrs. magnetrons
IF and sulco amplifiers, dynamotors. 400 cycle
It's an opportunity for you to play an
mfrs. 584 ant , pedestals, ate,
PRICES AT A FRACTION OF ORIGINAL COST!
important role in acompany which is
COMMUNICATIONS EQUIP CO.
growing rapidly because of its signifi313 CANAL ST., N. Y. 13. wo 6.4045
I
FOR
I
CHAS. RESEARCHROSEN (Fomerly DEVELOPMENTat 131 Liberty St fcant technical accomplishments.
CIRCLE 952 ON READER SERVICE CARD
Because of our continuing requireinents, your résumé will always receive
prompt and confidential attention.
Write to: Mr. C. J. Blades
FMA, Inc. 142 Nevada Street
El Segundo, California(Continued from opposite page)
PHILCO WESTERN DEVELOPMENT
LABS.,
Palo Alto, California

We offer tangible,
traceable results. It
might very well pay
you to try

FAST?

FREE TRIP IEEE (IRE) SHOWNEW YORK CITY MARCH 25-28TH

A PROFESSIONAL PLACEMENTTION SERVING SCIENTISTS &Try an experienced,
marketing-minded advertising agency; tryan advertising agency
that knows how to getat the heart of a problem quickly and without fumbling.

want
to sellelectronicequipment

inthe

AUTO.TRACK & TELEMETRY ANTENNA PEDESTALS
3 & 10 CM. SCR. 584 AUTOTRACK RADARS.
ANTPS•10 SEARCH. AEPTPS•10 HT. FINDERS.
AN/FPN•32GCA. AN,APS•10 NAVIG. & WEATHER.
AN ,APS-158 PRECISION. AN ,APG1.358 PRECISION.
AN, ,APS•31A
SEARCH.
DOZENS
MORE.
.5.1.2 MEGAWATT HIGH POWER PULSERS.

17

RADIO

RESEARCH,INSTRUMENT

550 Fifth Ave., New Yal'k`

CO.

Judson6-4691AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
Feb.

8th

When you think of inForMAtion think of FMA

RADAR SYSTEMS & COMPONENTS/

I'iiri.E
it'eiTy£

CIRCLE 954 ON READER SERVICE CARD

131

INDEX TO ADVERTISERSNIGGRAW-HILLe64,

N ey/e4

TUNNEL-DIODE AND
SEMICONDUCTOR CIRCUITS
Just. Out. Practical treatment of the theory
and application of semiconductor devices
other
than
conventional transistors
anddiodes. Gives thorough, eight-chapter coverage of tunnel diodes. Other important subjects are semiconductor circuits applied tomicrominiaturization of electronic equipment,
parametric amplifiers and voltage-variablecapacitors, four-layer diodes, silicon-controlled rectifiers, and unijunction transistors.
Practical circuits are given, with component
values. By J. M. Carroll, Electronics. 384
pp., 8% x 11. illus., $9.75

DIGITAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLES
Just Out. Bridges the gap between highly
specialized
treatments and over-simplified
approaches,givingdetailed
coverageofallaspectsof digitalcomputers— logic
and language, pulse techniques. circuitry,and organization.
Actual circuits now in
use are described in detail at the technicallevel. Shows how the basic computer elements are grouped to form the computer'sfunctional units; describes data flow between units; discusses programming techniques; and lays the technical groundwork
for a solid understanding of more advanced
computer systems. By Burroughs Corp. Staff.
507 pp.. 332 illus., $10.95

INTEGRALS OF BESSEL FUNCTIONS
Just Out. Provides research workers, mathematicians, end scientists with informationon the evaluation of definite and indefinite
integrals involving Bessel functions. Gives
full treatment to generalized hypergeometriefunctions, then many useful representationsof Bessel functions and their integrals, byspecialization of parameters. By Y. L. Luke,
Midwest Res. 'Inst. 409 pp., $12.50

Audited Paid Circulation
AMP Incorporated
Capltron Div.

73

Ampex Corporation24• Amphenol-Borg Electronics Corp.
Connector Division

34,

76

Atohm Electronics

111
28

92

Bausch & Lomb, Inc
Boesch Mfg. Div.
Waltham PrecisionInc.

Instrument Co.

84• Brush Instruments,
Div. of Clevite Corp

3rd CoverCamblock Div.
Waltham PrecisionInc.

can be helped to do a better job
Practical guide for managers, supervisors,and foremen. Gives how-to pointers usedsuccessfully by hundreds of companies.
Covers many front-line problems in training and handling people and union relations. Front-line Management by I. M.
Black & G. B. Ford. 292 pp., $6.93•For wholesale prices on quantities for yourkey personnel, write or phone John Stockwell. McGraw-Hill Book Co. 212-L04-3000

10 DAYS' FREE EXAMINATIONDIRECT FROM PUBLISHER
McGraw-Hill Book Co., Dept. L-2-15
327 W. 41st St., New York 36, N. Y.
Send me bookisLaucked below for 10 days' evain
ination on apprmal. In io days 1oui remit forbook(s) 1 keep. plus few cents for delivers- row,.
and return unwanted book(s) postpaid. (We mu
delivery costs it >ou rend( with thls coupon -same
return privilege.)
Carrolt—Tunnel-diode & Semicond.
Cires..
$9.75
D Iturinughs--Digital Computer Prin.. $10.95
Luke--Inteorals at Bessel Func.. $12.50
Black & Ford—Front-line Met.. $6.95
0 Send me information on wholesale prier ,for....coples of Black & Ford—Front-line Mot
Name
Address

Intrument

Co.,

32
21

Cinch-Graphik
Div. of United-Carr Corp

17

Collins Radio Co

79

Coors Porcelain, Co

25• Coto-Coil Co., Inc42

Data-Control Systems. Inc

37

100
99

General Electric Co.
Semiconductor Products Dept

118

General Instrument Corp.
Semiconductor Div.

85
2nd Cover

General Radio Co.
Globe Industries Inc

93

Gudebrod Bros. Silk Co.. Inc

38

Hamilton Standard.
Div. of United Aircraft Corp

83

• Harrison Laboratories
Div. of Hewlett Packard

95

Heinemann Electric Co

42

Heminway & Bartlett Mfg. Co., The

20• Hewlett-Packard

Company

6

39

90.

91

128
22

DoltimeSub. of Sealectro Corp.

108• Ingersoll Products,
Division of Borg-Warner Corp

113

Despatch

99

International Resistance Co

23

77

International Wire Products Corp

122

duPont de Nemours & Co., Inc. E. I

87

Interstate Electronics Corp

93

Dynatran

128

Oven

Co

Deutsch Electronic Components• Eastman

Electronics

Corp

Kodak Co

14

Edwards High Vacuum Inc

16

E-H Research Laboratories Inc

32• Eisler Engineering Co., Inc• J F D Electronics Corp

107

• Japan Pies° Electric Co.. Ltd

134

Jerrold Electronics Corp

485

F:lasco, Inc.

116

96

Position
For price and terms outside U.S.
write McGraw-Hill intl.. N.Y.C.

Electro Products Laboratories

99

132

Gardner-Denver Company• General RF Fittings, Inc• Indiana General Corp40

L-2-15104• Image Instruments, Inc

Electro Powerpacs, Inc

State

81

43

• Daystrom Incorporated
Potentiometer Div.

Electra Instruments Inc

Zone.

Fairchild Stratos• Frontier Electronics Div.
International Resistance Co

Hyperion Industries Inc

Company

City

88

109

Cambridge Thermionic Corp

HOW ANYONE
WHO SUPERVISES

98

Bristol Company, The

CTS of Berne
Sub. of CTS Corp

115

Electronic Modules Corp

35

• Arco Electronics Inc• Automatic Metal Products Corp

Electronic Memories Inc.

• Electronic Instrument Co., Inc. (EICO) 114• Kay Electric Co.

75

Kinney Vacuum
Div. of New York Air Brake Co...
• Kyoritsu Electrical Instrumente
Works, Ltd.

4185

electronics

• Lambda Electronics Corp
Levin andSon,

5Inc., Louis• Tempo Instrument,

20

Littelfuse

93

ThermalInc.

American• 'royo Electronics

Machlett

Lahortories Inc.,

Mallory andCo.,

Mask-O-Matic
Materials• McLean

P.

The
10,

11

Electronics Co

123

Book

132

Co.

Engineering

Laboratories

116
126

Micronics Corp. of America

112• Micro Switch
Wi011 of Honeywell
Mfg.

Corp

133
123

Van Keuren Co., The• WindTurbine Company

114

109

New *York State Dept.

of Commerce• Nichicon Capacitor Ltd

Optimized

Ind.

80

Quartz Co.,

105

Cu

• North Atlantic

Fused

120

M icroleet ron

Midland

97

31

R

Inc.

for

McGraw-Hill

Inc.,

Inc

Texas Instruments Incorporated
Industrial Products Group

Industries,

Inc

Devices Inc

129
20

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING

78

F. J. Eberle, Business Mgr.

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES....

131

SPECIAL SERVICES

131

82

Ozal id
A Div. of General Aniline &Filin Corp.

3‘;

EQUIPMENT(Used or Surplus New)

PalcsrunDiv. of Illinois Tool Works Inc117• l'otter Instrument Co., Inc

19

For Sale
INDEX
ACF

131

TO

CLASSIFIED

Industries• Communications• Radio Corporation• Republic

Foil• Resistance• Rocharof America. .4th Cover

Inc

Electronique27
110

Sanders Associates,
Sankaisha• Sanyo

Inc

Ltd

123

ElectricInc

127

Servomechanisms Inc.
Mechatrol Div.
.101,

102,

13

Siliconix

44

Inc.
Corp

128

Space Technology

Laboratories,

SpragueCo

9

Stackpole Carbon Co

15

Electric

Si romberg-Carlson
Div. of General Dynamics
Sylvania Electric Products, Inc.
Semiconductor Div.
• TechTelrexLaboratories,

Inc

Laboratories

February

15,

131

FM&

131

Inc.

131
131

• Radio Research• Telephone

Instrument Co

131

Engineering Co

131

103

Signetics Corp.

Electronics

131

Engineering Information Services

120

America Inc• Southern

Co

125

Co.,

Siemens131

Equipment

Perspect ive

121

Ross Co., Milton

Inc

Marshall Adv., Co., Inc., Harold

119

Products Co

ADVERTISERS

Inc

29

129
89
126

• See
of

advertisement

Electronics Buyers

products

or

in

the

July

25,

1962

issue

Guide for complete line ofservices.

For experimental gaseous opticalmaser (laser) applications. Precision bore stock size tubes areready for filling complete withgraded seals to Pyrex or Kovar andquartz windows in half, quarter andtenth wave flatness — transmission from U.V. through I.R. Vitreosil
permits high bake-out temperatures, does not contaminate gases
and maintains dimensional stability over awide temperature range.
Write for details.

This Index and our Reader Service Numbers are published as a service.

Every precaution is taken to makethem accurate, but electronics assumes no responsibilities for errors or omissions.

42

1963

CIRCLE 133 ON READER SERVICE CARD

I

133

electronics

Acoustical Componentsof Superior Quality

ABC

JAPAN PIEZO supplies 80% ofJapan's crystal product requirements.

Audit Bureau
ot Ciroulation•

Associated Buniato»
Publication,

Audited Paid Circulation

JAMES T. HAUPTLIAdvertising Sales Manager

R. S. QUINT:
Assistant Publisher Buyers'
Guide and Business Manager
DAVID CUNNIFF:
Promotion Manager
B. ANELLO:
Market Services Manager

RICHARD J. TOMLINSON:
Production Manager
GEORGE E. POMEROY:Classified Manager
HUGH J. QUINN:
Circulation Manager

ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVESATLANTA (9):Michael H. Miller, Robert C. Johnson
1375 Peachtree St. N.E., Trinity 5-0523(area code 404)
BOSTON (16):William S. Hodgkinson, Donald R.
McGraw-Hill Building, Copley Square,
Congress 2-1160 (area code 617)

Furth

CHICAGO (11):Harvey W. Wernecke, Robert M. Denmead
645 North Michigan Avenue, Mohawk 4-5800(area code 312)
CLEVELAND (13):Paul T. Fegley
55 Public Square, Superior 1-7000(area code 216)DALLAS (1):Frank Le Beau
The Vaughn Bldg., 1712 Commerce St.
Riverside 7-9721 (area code 214)
DENVER (2);J. W. Patten
Tower Bldg., 1700 Broadway,
Alpine 5-2981 (area code 303)

STEREO CARTRIDGE
Crystal — "PIEZO" Y-130
X'TAL STEREO CARTRIDGEEzo

SAN FRANCISCO (11):R. C. Alcorn
255 California Street, Douglas 2-4600(area code 415)
LONDON Wl:
Edwin S. Murphy Jr.
34 Dover St.
FRANKFURT/Main:
Matth, e Herfurth
85 Westendstrasse

HOUSTON (25):Joseph C. Page, Jr.
Prudential Bldg., Holcombe Blvd.,
Riverside 8-1280 (area code 713)

At 20°C, response: 50 to 10,000 c/s
with a separation of 16.5 db. 0.6 V
outputat
50 mm/sec. Tracking
force: 6+1 gm. Compliance: 1.5 x
10 -6 cm/dyne. Termination: 1M+150 pF.
Write for detailed catalog on ourcomplete line of acoustical products
includingpickups, microphones,
record players, phonograph motors
and many associated products.

LOS ANGELES (17):Peter S. Carberry, Ashley P. Hartman,
W. C. Gries
1125 W. 6th St.,
Huntley 2-5450(area code 213)
NEW YORK (36):
Donald H. Miller, Henry M. Shaw,
George F. Werner
500 Fifth Avenue, LO-4-3000(area code 212)
PHILADELPHIA (3):Warren H. Gardner, William J. Boyle
6 Penn Center Plazo, LOcust 8-4330(area code 215)

GENEVA:
Michael R. Zeynel
2 Place du Port

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134

CIRCLE 134 ON READER SERVICE CARD

electronics

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HERF NOW IN QUANTITY!
HIGH-PERFORMANCE, RELIABILITY-PROVED, TRIPLE DIFFUSED S!LICON
2N2102 AND 2N2270 NOW AVAILABLE AT ECONOMY PRICESRCA now announces new economy prices on the 2N2102, the"universal" triple-diffused planar silicon transistor designed forwidest possible application in military and industrial equipment.
It can replace up to 40% of all silicon transistors now on themarket and will cover a vast majority of your Small-Signal andMedium-Power Applications.
The RCA 2N2102 features high switching speed, high pulsed
beta (h FE )at Ic = 1amp, and controlled beta from I
c = lOtta
to 1ampere. It has high breakdown-voltage ratings, high dissipation ratings, low saturation voltages and low output capacitances.
RCA 2N2270, economy version of the RCA 2N2102, offers
many of the features of the 2N2102 at substantial savings.
Call your RCA Representative today or write RCA Semiconductor and Materials Division, Commercial Engineering, Section IN2-3, Somerville, N.J.

AVAILABLE THROUGHYOUR RCA DISTRIBUTOR

For Application information on RCA 2N2102,
write for Application Note SMA-14, "The Designof Low-Level and RF Circuits Utilizing the RCA
2N2102".
For Reliability data on RCA 2N2102, call yourlocal RCA Semiconductor Field Office. YourRCA Representative will discuss the latest reliability information with you.

THE MOST TRUSTED NAME IN ELECTRONICSCIRCLE 902 ON READER SERVICE CARD