The areas of landslides and affected buildings andhouses within those areas, in and around Palu City
during Sulawesi Earthquake on September 28, 2018
specified by an analysis based on satellite imagery
provided by Google Crisis Map
October 7, 2018 (Rev. Oct. 18)
Shinichiro Mori, Associate Professor
Earthquake Engineering Lab., Department of Civil andEnvironmental Engineering, Ehime University, Japan

Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)

Googleクライシスマップによって提供された衛星画像の解析に基づいた2018年9月28日のスラウェシ地
震におけるPalu（パル）市内外の地すべり領域と領域内の被災建物・住家の特定
2018年10月7日（10月18日改訂）

森 伸一郎 准教授
愛媛大学 大学院理工学研究科
環境建設工学コース，地震工学研究室
Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)

Contributors 担当者
Shinichiro Mori, Associate Professor
Takumi Kobayashi, Graduate student
Kazuho Kawasaki, Undergraduate student
Shun Matsuoka, Undergraduate student
Nozomu Ozawa, Graduate student
Earthquake Engineering Lab., Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Ehime University, Japan
森 伸一郎, 准教授
小林 巧, 大学院生
川崎 一歩, 4回生
松岡 駿, 4回生
小澤 望, 大学院生
愛媛大学 大学院理工学研究科環境建設工学コース，地震工学研究室
Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)

Background 背景
Satellite imagery of Palu City and its vicinity has been provided by Google athttps://google.org/crisismap/google.com/2018-palu-tsunami?hl=en&llbox=-0.8193%2C0.9545%2C120.0326%2C119.7395&t=ROADMAP&layers=2%3A98
In this imagery, tsunami inundation areas along the coast lines along Palu Bay and landslideareas can be identified. National Board for Disaster Management (BADAN NASIONALPENANGGULANGAN BENCANA, BNPB) described already in their report of October 3rd* asfollows:- Tsunamis occur along the coast of Talise, Palu City and along the coast in the RegencyDonggala.
- Liquefaction occurred in 3 villages, namely: Petobo Village, South Palu District; Jono Oge
Village and Sidera Village in Biromaru District, Sigi Regency.
* BNPB: Daily Report on Handling of Earthquake and Tsunami, Palu and Donggala, October 3,2018. (Laporan Pusat Krisis 03-10-2018.pdf)
パル市とその近郊の衛星画像がグーグル社により提供されている．この衛星画像では，パル湾沿岸の海岸に沿う津波浸水域や地すべり域が認識できる．インドネシア国家防災局（BNPB）は既に10月3日の地震津波報告で次のように述べていた．
-

津波は，タリゼ，パル市，ドンガラ区の海岸沿い，で起きた．

-

液状化は，3つの村，ペトボ村，南パル地区，シギ区ビノバル地区ジョノオゲ村とシデラ村

Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)

Objectives 目的

Rev1 Oct.18

We aimed at specifying the three areas of landslide probably induced by liquefaction
and the affected buildings and houses within those area based on the satellite
imagery of Palu City and its vicinity provided by Google, for providing the quantitative
information with regard to landslide-affected buildings and houses of residents
whose safety have not been confirmed until now.
Balaroa District : Landslide-3
Petobo District: Landslide-1
Jono Oge Village and Sidera Village in Biromaru District, Sigi Regency: Landslide-2
グーグル社が提供しているパル市とその近郊の衛星画像に基づいて，おそらく液状化によって引き起こされた3つの地すべりの領域を特定し， その領域内で影響を受けている建物・住家を特定することを目的としている．これまでに地すべりの影響を受けながら生死が確認されていない住民の建物・住家に関する定量的な情報を提供するためである．
3つの領域（Balaroa, 南パルのPetobo，シギ区のビノマル地区のジョノオゲ村とシデラ村）については，それぞれ地名を知る前に，Landslide-3, Landslide-1, Landslide-2として分析を行っていた．

Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)

Location of Palu City
Sulawesi Island, Indonesia Earthquake
Epicenter
Epicenter
Palu，パル

Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Palu，パル

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)

Location of Palu City
Sulawesi Island, Indonesia
Epicenter

Palu，パル

Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)Landslides in and around Palu City
Sulawesi Island, Indonesia Earthquake
Rev1 Oct.18

West PaluBalaroa
South Palu
PetoboSigi Regency
Jono Oge

https://google.org/crisismap/google.com/2018palu-tsunami?hl=en&llbox=-0.8193%2C0.9545%2C120.0326%2C119.7395&t=ROADMAP&layers=2%3A98

Google Crisis Map provides
Satellite imagery at
https://google.org/crisismap/google.com/2018-palutsunami?hl=en&llbox=0.8193%2C0.9545%2C120.0326%2C119.739
5&t=ROADMAP&layers=2%3A98
I and my students specified
these three landslide areas andbuildings and houses there
based on the after-quake
satellite imagery and the Google
Earth’s before-quake imagery.
森と研究室の学生でこの3つの地すべり領域を特定し，この領域内にある建物をGoogle Earthの地震前の衛星写真に基づき領域内の建物・家屋を特定した．
（10月4～6日）

Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)Landslide situation in South Palu (Landslide-1)
パル南部での地すべりの状況（地すべり-1）
Airport
Before EQ
After EQ

Alt+83m
Alt+40m

0.7 degree

1.2 degree
Alt+60m

Landslide-1 South PaluThe landslide moved from the east toward the west. The difference of height between the head and the toe is 43 m. The inclination angle is
1.2 degree in the upstream, 0.7 degree in the down stream, 0.9 degree in average. That is very gentle.
地すべりは東から西へ移動した．頭部と先端部の比高は43m．地表の傾斜は，上流で1.2度，下流で0.7度，平均0.9度と極めて緩い．
Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018
Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)Landslide area specified in South Palu (Landslide-1)
パル南部で特定した地すべり領域（地すべり-1）
Airport2.63 km

Alt+83m
Alt+40m
Alt+60m

1.14 km

Alt+55m

Alt+51m
Alt+56m
Alt+81m

Landslide-1 South Palu

Using the Google Earth’s tool, the circumferential length of the area=7,904 m, and the area of the area=1,626,535 m2 .
特定した地すべり領域をGoogle Earthの計測機能で測ると，周長が7.904 kmで，面積が1.627 km2となった．
Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)Landslide situation in South Palu (Landslide-1): Head of slide
パル南部での地すべりの状況（地すべり-1） 源頭部
After EQ

Before EQ

Alt+83m

Alt+83m

At the head of landslide, numerous tension fissures can be seen and many houses completely collapsed and broken apart.
源頭部では，無数の引張り亀裂が入っており，多くの家屋が完全に崩壊して，ばらばらに分解している．
Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)Landslide situation in South Palu (Landslide-1): Head of slide
パル南部での地すべりの状況（地すべり-1） すべり先端部
After EQ

Before EQ
Alt+40m

Alt+40m

Alt+40m
At the toe of landslide, so many collapsed houses are swept and fold over by the landslide.
地すべり先端部では，とても多くの崩壊した家が地すべりによって流されて折り重なっている．
Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)Buildings and houses within the landslide area in South Palu
パル南部の地すべり領域内での建物・家屋 Rev1 Oct.18
Airport1.14 km2.63 kmLandslide-1 South Palu
1,255 buildings and houses could be specified within the landslide area in South Palu based on our firstly specified landslide area. The landslide area shown above is therevised one. So, the specified buildings and houses are not locally consistent with the specified landslide area. Sorry for such inconvenience.
我々の最初に特定した地すべり領域に基づきPalu南部の地すべり領域内では1,238の建物・家屋が確認できた．上図の地すべり領域はその後改定したものです．したがって，特定した建物は上図の特定領域で部分的には不整合があります．暫定値として扱ってください．

Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)Landslide area specified in Sigi Regency (Landslide-2)
シギ区で特定した地すべり領域（地すべり-2）
Alt+27m

Liquefied soil water flow zone
Alt+30m

Landslide zone

Alt+46m

Alt+90m
Alt+48m
Alt+47m

Alt+60m
Liquefied soil water flow followed the toe of landslide. The landslide zone is only analyzed here.
地すべり領域とその先に続く液状化した泥水流れ領域が続いている．ここでは，地すべり領域のみ解析する．
Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)Landslide area specified in Sigi Regency (Landslide-2)
シギ区で特定した地すべり領域（地すべり-1）1.49 km3.55 kmLandslide-2 Sigi Regency, The south of South Palu landslide
Using the Google Earth’s tool, the circumferential length of the area=9.071 km, and the area of the area=1.749 km2 .
特定した地すべり領域をGoogle Earthの計測機能で測ると，周長が9.071 kmで，面積が1.749 km2となった．
Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)Landslide area specified in South Palu (Landslide-1)
パル南部で特定した地すべり領域（地すべり-1）
3.55 km
Alt+90m

1.49 km

Alt+47m

Alt+60m

Landslide-2 Sigi Regency, The south of South Palu landslide
The landslide moved roughly from the east toward the west. The difference of height between the head and the toe is 43 m. The inclination
angle is 1.0 degree in the upstream, 0.4 degree in the down stream, 0.7 degree in average. That is very gentle.
地すべりは東から西へ移動した．頭部と先端部の比高は43m．地表の傾斜は，上流で1.3度，下流で0.4度，平均0.7度と極めて緩い．
Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018
Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)Buildings and houses within the landslide area in Sigi Regency
シギ区の地すべり領域内での建物・家屋
Rev1 Oct.18

1.49 km3.55 kmLandslide-2 Sigi Regency, The south of South Palu

238 buildings and houses could be specified within the landslide area in Sigi Regency.
Sigi区の地すべり領域内では247の建物・家屋が確認できた．
Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)

Detailed situation at the middle of landslide in Sigi Regency
シギ区における地すべり中央部での詳細な状況
Landslide flow

Landslide flow

The upper side of the boundary is largely displaced in the landslide flow. The landslide
movement reaches approximately 100 m shown as a white arrow (a displacement vector).
境界の上半分は地すべり流の中にあって大きく変位している．地すべり変位量は，白色色の矢印（変位ベクトル）は，約100mにも達している．
Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)Landslide area specified in West Palu (Landslide-3)
パル西部で特定した地すべり領域（地すべり-3）0.93 km0.80 km

Alt+20m

Alt+54m

Landslide-3 West Palu

The landslide moved from the south-west toward the north-east. The difference of height between the head and the toe is 34 m. The
inclination angle is only 1.8 degree. That is gentle.
地すべりは南西から北東へ移動した．頭部と先端部の比高は34m．地表の傾斜は，平均1.8度と緩い．
Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)Buildings and houses within the landslide area in West Palu
パル西部の地すべり領域内での建物・家屋
Rev1 Oct.18

930 buildings and houses could be specified within the landslide area in West Palu.
Palu西部の地すべり領域内では940の建物・家屋が確認できた．
Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)

Detailed situation at the toe of landslide in West Palu
西パルでの地すべり先端部での詳細な状況

Landslide flow

Landslide flow

Left side of the boundary is the toe of the landslide which is covered debris including collapsed houses. East-westbound straight road has been curved toward the north in the western part in this photo.
境界の左半分は地すべりの先端部にあたるが破壊した家を含む瓦礫で覆われている．東西に走る直線道路は，
写真の西側で北方向に湾曲している．
Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)

Summary of landslides and affected buildings and houses in andaround Palu City
パル市内外での地すべりとその領域内での建物・家屋：総括Tabel 1: Large-scale landslide in and around Palu City, Sulawesi due to 2018 Sulawesi Earthquake
Landslide area size (km)circumferential
Landslide No. Name of area
East-West North-South length (km)Landslide-1
Landslide-2
Landslide-3
Total

South Palu
Sigi Regency
West Palu

2.63
3.55
0.93

1.14
1.49
0.8

7.904
9.071
2.8

2

Area (km )
1.627
1.749
0.39
3.766

Rev1 Oct.18

Average
Number ofinclination buildings and(degree)
houses
0.9
1,283
0.7
247
1.8
940
2,470

表-1 スラウェシ地震によるスラウェシ島パル市の内外での大規模地すべり
地すべり番号
地すべり-1
地すべり-2
地すべり-3合計

地すべり領域サイズ
地域名
南パル
シギ区
西パル

東西

南北

周囲の長さ
(km)

2.63
3.55
0.93

1.14
1.49
0.8

7.904
9.071
2.8

面積 (km2)
1.627
1.749
0.39
3.766

平均勾配
(度)

建物・住家の数

0.9
0.7
1.8

1,283
247
940
2,470

Three landslides have a very gentle inclination of 0.8 to 1.8 degrees and an area of 3.77 km2 and 2,470 affected buildings and houses in total.
Multiplied with an average number of family members in a family, 3.89, approximately 9,600 residents may be potentially affected in theirhouses.
3つの地すべりは0.7から1.8度の極めて緩い傾斜を有し，合計面積3.77km2に及び，2,470棟の影響を受ける建物・住家がある．インドネシアの世帯当たり家族員数（3.89）を掛ければ，約9,600名の住民が潜在的に自宅で影響を受けている可能性がある．
Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)

Summary 要約
We specified three landslides and affected buildings and houses within landslide
zones such as South Palu, Sigi Regency, and West Palu. The length and width of thethree landslide are 2.63km×1.14km，3.58km×(0.45-0.70)km, 1.07km×0.39km,respectively. Those are extremely large. Average inclination varies from 0.7 to 1.8
degrees, which means extremely gentle.
南パル，シギ区，西パルの3つの地すべりと地すべり領域内にある影響を受けた建物・家屋を特定した．それぞれ，長さ×幅は，2.63km×1.14km，3.58km×(0.450.70)km, 1.07km×0.39kmであり，極めて大規模である．平均傾斜は，0.7から1.8度であり，極めて緩い．
At the head of landslide, numerous tension fissures can be seen and many houses
completely collapsed and broken apart.
源頭部では，無数の引張り亀裂が入っており，多くの家屋が完全に崩壊して，ばらばらに分解している．

At the toe of landslide, so many collapsed houses are swept and fold over by thelandslide.
地すべり先端部では，とても多くの崩壊した家が地すべりによって流されて折り重なっている．
Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)

Summary 要約
Rev1 Oct.18

Considering many traces of sand eruption around the landslides, tensile fissuresaround the head, so many collapsed houses are swept and fold over at the toe oflandslide, these landslide seems to be induced by liquefaction of inclined soil layers
and to have resulted in large scale lateral spreading.
地すべり周辺で噴砂の多くの痕跡，源頭部周辺での引張り亀裂，地すべり先端部での多くの崩壊した家が流されて折り重なっていることなどを考慮すれば，これらの地すべりは極めて緩い傾斜の地盤の液状化によって引き起こされたものであり，大規模な側方流動へと発展したものと思われる．
Three landslides have an area of 3.77 km2 and 2,470 affected buildings and houses intotal. Multiplied with an average number of family members in a family, 3.89,approximately 9,400 residents may be potentially affected in their houses.
3つの地すべりは合計面積3.77km2に及び，2,470棟の影響を受ける建物・住家がある．インドネシアの世帯当たり家族員数を掛ければ，約9,600名の住民が潜在的に自宅で影響を受けている可能性がある．

Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)

Revision 改訂内容

Added in Rev1 Oct.18

Counts of buildings and houses within landslide areas
No.

Site name (temp) 1st ver.

RevisedSite name (added)

Landslide-1

Palu South

1,255

1,283

PetoboLandslide-2

Sigi

238

247

Sigi

Landslide-3

Palu West

930

940

Balaroa

Total

2,423

2,470

Potentially affected residents

9,400

9,600

地すべり領域内の建物・住家を数えた数
番号

地域名 (仮)初版

改訂版

地名地すべり-1

Palu South

1,255

1,283

ペトボ

地すべり-2

Sigi

238

247

シギ

地すべりPalu West930940

バラロア

合計

2,423

2,470

潜在的に影響を受けた住民

9,400

9,600

Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)

Data in kmz files
kmzファイルでのデータ
Copyright reserved. Anyone can freely use the following kmz(kml) databy giving credit with citation of this document and without writtenpermission.
著作権があります．どなたも，下記のkmz（kml）ファイルのデータを，この文献を引用することで，著作権を明らかにすれば，書類による許可なしに，自由に使っていただいて結構です．

Landslides in and around Palu City during the Sulawesi, Indonesia Earthquake on September 28th, 2018

Shinichiro Mori (Ehime University)