★★★＜第 20 回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第 11 回和文英訳】＞★★★
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問１[Claim 1]
A piezoelectric ceramic containing lead zirconate titanate as a main component, thepiezoelectric ceramic comprising crystal grains having a composite oxide represented by((Pb a-x B x ) Ti y Zr 1-y )O 3 as a main component and grain boundaries existing between thecrystal grains and in which Zn element is unevenly distributed, characterized in that;the aforementioned B is at least one type of element selected from alkali metals
consisting of Na, K, and Li, andthe aforementioned a, x, and y satisfy 0.95<= a <= 1.02, 0<= x <=0.2, and 0.2<= y <=0.9
respectively.
[Claim 2]
The piezoelectric ceramic according to Claim 1 characterized in that, in the crystal
grains, a composite oxide calculated based as Pb(Zn b M1 c )O 3 is solid soluted as the firstaccessory ingredient.
[Claim 3]
A piezoelectric element characterized in a form of a piezoelectric body layer consistingof the piezoelectric ceramic according to claims 1 or 2 and an internal electrode layer
comprising Ag and Pd which are laminated alternately.
問２[0002]
An oily cosmetic composition shows a high emollient feeling and excellent durabilityof makeup effects. In regard to makeup and cosmetics, solid or half-solid types areespecially preferred because of easiness of carrying and/or simplicity of use. However,an oily cosmetic composition tends to bring a sticky feeling after finish because it
contains an oil agent as a main ingredient, while the solid or half-solid types in whichoily agent is solidified with solid oil show rub-off resistance in taking out from acontainer and/or heavy spreading resistance in applying on skin.

So far, various researches have been made in order to solve these problems. For
example, there are technical knowledge of oily cosmetics containing hollow resin powder
having a specific particle diameter and specific gravity and showing no stickiness andeasy spreading (Patent document 1), technical knowledge of solid cosmetics formulatedwith a specific amount of porous powder and an oil content showing no stickiness andexcellent moist feeling (Patent document 2) and the like.

問３A polyamide reverse osmosis membrane according to the present invention is apolyamide membrane with pendant 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine(hereinafter also abbreviated as MPC) polymer chains formed by graft polymerization.
The MPC polymer chains pendant to the polyamide membrane are formed by the graftpolymerization of MPC from initiating sites present in the polyamide membrane.
As used herein, the term "initiating sites present in the polyamide membrane"
refers to active sites (i.e., active groups) formed in a polyamide membrane serving as anintermediate for the polyamide reverse osmosis membrane according to the present
invention during the formation of the polyamide membrane. Examples of such active
groups include alkyl halide groups and acid halide groups. These active groups initiate
the polymerization of MPC to form a graft copolymer having MPC polymer chains
pendant to the polyamide membrane, thus providing the polyamide reverse osmosis
membrane according to the present invention.
問４
Water-based aerosol paint compositions of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative
Examples 1 and 2 were prepared by adding dimethyl ether (DME) as a propellant to thewater-based aerosol paint stock solutions shown in Table 1.
As shown in Table 1, the water-based aerosol paint compositions of Examples 1
to 6 had good aerosolization and coating properties. These results demonstrate thatthe use of a dispersion resin as a binder eliminates or reduces the use of a water-solubleorganic solvent (i.e., to 3% by mass or less of the water-based aerosol paint stock
solution), thereby providing a substantially completely water-based aerosol paint stock
solution.
In contrast, the water-based aerosol paint compositions of ComparativeExamples 1 and 2 had poor aerosolization and coating properties since the water-based

aerosol paint stock solutions used therein had improper pH levels. The results also
demonstrate that a water-based aerosol paint composition prepared from a water-based
aerosol paint stock solution containing 46% by mass or more or 13% by mass or less of adispersion resin has poor coating properties.