CLIL in English
Technology and the Society
CLIL で学ぶ工学と社会

byShigeru Sasajima
Masayuki Takahashi
Yuko Uesugi
Kumiko Okazaki
Keisuke Tanino
Taichi Kawakami
Chiari Isami
Brian Shaw
Aleksandra Zaparucha

まえがき

本教科書を活用する学習者の学び方について

本教科書は、CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning)（内容と言語を統合扱っている内容は、工学の一般的な内容です。専門的には物足りないかもしれません。そした学習）の考え方をもとにした英語の理解と実践を支援します。「英語を勉強する」とれぞれ自主的にインターネットなどで検索し自分の専門分野について深く学んでください。

いう思い込みは少し脇に置いて、英語で「工学と社会」を思考しましょう。また、工学

CLIL の大きな特徴は自律学習 (learner autonomy) です。与えられた知識や英語活動をた(technology) という内容 (content) を、私たちの社会環境 (contexts) で、コミュニケーだ学んでいるだけでは、CLIL の大きな特徴となっている次の「４つの C(4Cs)」を生かす

ション (communication) として必要な英語（English）で理解し、英語を使って学ぶことことできません。

学習者へを目的としています。

内容 (Content) ― 工学のおもしろさに気づく

英語の単語をおぼえ、アメリカ人のように発音できるように練習し、正しい文法を学び、思考 (Cognition) ― 工学を英語と関連し工夫する

正確に使えるように読み・書きを中心に学習し、それと同じように聞き・話すためにテスコミュニケーション (Communication) ― 工学の話題を英語で伝え合う

トを受け、資格を得る。そのような実際の英語の運用とは少しかけ離れた学習活動とは縁

文化 (Culture) ― 工学と社会を英語と日本語でふりかえるを切って、工学という分野で英語を通してどのような知識を得て、それをどのように使って、世界中の工学に携わる人と知識や技能を共有するかを、この教科書を通じて考えてください。そのためには、文化と文化の関係性の理解 (intercultural awareness) が必要です。
工学は知識だけでは意味がありません。社会と強くかかわっています。その社会は日本語だけの社会ではほぼ意味がないでしょう。英語は必須です。それも、世界中で使われる英上記の CLIL の特徴を生かすには多様性と柔軟性がカギです。「学習はかくあるべき」はやめましょう。知識や技能を楽しむこと、英語はただの道具と割り切ること、自分にとって大切なことは何かが分かれば、CLIL は自然に理解できます。
上記のことを達成するために、各 Unit の構成は次のようになっています。

語 (ELF: English as a Lingua Franca) のコミュニケーション力が必要です。工学に興味

1. CLIL attainment target （学習目標）があり、工学の分野に進む人にとっては、それはそれほどむずかしいことではありません。

2. Introduction （導入）
Practice 1 Listen and check your understanding （リスニング）
Practice 2 Read and check your understanding （リーディング）Practice 3 Talk In pairs （英語で話す）

そのために少しでも寄与できたら幸いです。
先生へ
大学工学部、高専、工業高校などを対象として編纂してありますが、あくまで教材です。
担当の先生の裁量で工夫して扱ってください。Unit は順番に扱う必要はありません。学習3. Topic 1 （工学の話題１）
Practice 4 (Reading question) （読むポイント）

してください。

4. Text summarization （要約のしかた）
Practice 5 Summary of Topic 1 Receipt it （要約の暗唱）
Practice 6 Read and summary （要約する）

CLIL について

5. Topic 2 （工学の話題２）
Practice 7 (Discussion) （内容を英語で話し合う）

者の興味を優先して、幅を広げてください。さらに、教科書をすべて学ぶ必要はありません。
まずは学びを楽しむことです。テストや活動については補助教材をつけますが、適宜利用で理解し、英語でコミュニケーションしようとする活動を後押しすることを目的にしてい6. Understanding key terms （話題の重要語句）
Practice 8 (Discussion) （内容を英語で話し合う）

ます。そのために、学習者自身が目標を持ち、ゴールを想定し、工学を英語で理解し、そ7. Learning outcomes （学習成果）の知識を英語で活用できるようにプロセスとして CLIL を考えてください。実験や試作とSelf-assessment （自己評価）

同様に、失敗の積み重ねが成功への一歩です。CLIL は、そのための統合学習です。工学へ

Practice 9 A summary of learning （学習のまとめ）

CLIL は決して特別な学習法でも学習指導でもありません。工学という内容を英語と日本語の興味があれば、英語は自然に身につきます。失敗を楽しみましょう。
著者一同

教科書内容は、できる限り英語で工学を学ぶ人に役立つように工夫しました。しかし、物足りないところがあると思います。興味のあることは、ぜひ自分なりに深く追求してください。CLIL はそれを応援します。

23

Contents

Unit 1

7133D printing: technology that makes our life more

Unit 919

Power electronics supporting our life
Technology column 1Unit 853

Nanotechnology to change our life

comfortable

Unit 347

Rescue robots as substitutes in danger

Artificial intelligence (AI): present and future

Unit 2Unit 7

The hydrogen fuel cell train
Technology column 3255965

Some issues of IoT

A history of engineering

Unit 10Unit 427

Eco-housing for a better life

Unit 5
Flow and the energy: fluid dynamics is useful in our life

Unit 63979

Nature learning: engineers look to the natural world
Technology column 44573

Shifting to renewable energy

Unit 12

Electric vehicles (EVs): technology for assisting us
Technology column 2

Protein: research expands to outer space

Unit 11336785

Withdrawing water from the air

Saving energy

45

1

Unit

Artificial intelligence (AI):present and future
AI の現在と未来

1. CLIL attainment target

この課の学習目標を確認しよう

1. I can listen to and read what artificial intelligence (AI) is.

聞く・読む技能2. I can speak and write about how AI is used in our daily life.

話す・書く技能3. I can understand the ideas and problems about AI.

関連の内容の理解

2. IntroductionWhat is AI?

AI とは何か？

Practice 1 Listen and check your understanding

聞き取ってみよう

02

1) Which computer language is Takashi going to study?
a) Javab) Pythonc) C#2) How did Takashi get to know about AI research?
a) He read books.

Practice 2 Read and check your understandingc) He asked AI.

情報を理解しよう

CLIL in English
Technology and the Society

There are two types of AI – weak AI and strong AI. Weak AI refers© Copyright 2023
bya pre-defined set of functions. Virtual personal assistants, such asShigeru Sasajima
Masayuki Takahashi
Yuko Uesugi
Kumiko Okazaki
Keisuke Tanino
Taichi Kawakami
Chiari Isami
Brian Shaw
Aleksandra Zaparucha
All rights Reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without
permission from the authors and Nan’un-do Co., Ltd.

6b) He googled it.

to systems that can solve a limited range of problems by performingApple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa, are examples of weak AI. Strong03

Strong AI VS. Weal AI
Weal AIA single task

AI refers to systems that can think and perform complex tasks onStrong AI

Multiple tasks

their own, similar to human beings. Such systems can “think forthemselves” and thus, can find solutions to unfamiliar tasks without
解決

human intervention. Although strong AI sometimes appears in science fiction movies, it介

入currently remains a theoretical concept. As research and development continues to advance,strong AI may eventually emerge.
Practice 3 Talk in pairs

内容を確認して、英語でおしゃべりしよう

What is the diﬀerence between weak AI and strong AI? Where is AI used around you?
e.g.

A: Do you know the diﬀerence between weak AI and strong AI?
B: Yes. It’s easy. The systems are diﬀerent. Do you know where AI is used?
A: Yes. AI is used in lots of places.

7

Unit 1

Artificial intelligence (AI): present and future

3. Topic 1

AI as a savior for the future

AI は救世主

Practice 4 Do you think AI can be a savior for our future life?

4. Text summarization How to make a summary04

Practice 5 Summary of Topic 1 Recite it

AI は救世主ですか2.	A declining birthrate and an aging population may result in worker shortages.

development of AI is a big threat to humans. They worry about AI’s

3. Humans and AI should create a symbiotic relationship.

potential to take over jobs currently performed by human workers.
引き継ぐ

4. It is important to know how to use AI, machine learning, and deep learning.

However, such a view may be too pessimistic, since it fails to see the5. Machine learning teaches machines or computers to learn the way human beings do.

positive impacts that AI will have on future society.

6. Deep learning can be considered as part of machine learning.

2. A declining birthrate and an aging population may result in worker
老齢

shortages in the future, especially in Japan. AI can help compensate for a shortage ofworkers by automatically operating machinery and equipment.

暗唱しよう

1. AI can be a savior for the future.

1. AI can be a savior for the future. Some people may think that the

出生率

Topic 1（前ページ）のまとめ

必要な情報のまとめ方補う

7. It is necessary to do a lot more research on AI for the benefit of society.
Practice 6 Read and summarize

読んで内容を把握してサマリーを作成しよう

自動で機械や道具を操作すること

3. Human beings and AI should create a symbiotic relationship. AI should not be viewed

Alan Turing was a British mathematician and a founding father of the theory and共生関係

as a threat to human societies. On the contrary, AI should be accepted for its potential
他

方to solve social problems and prolong human life through improved health and medical

医療

care.

4. It is important to know how to use AI, machine learning, and deep learning. AI also

includes machine learning and deep learning. These two ways of learning are part of AI.
5. Machine learning refers to efforts to teach machines or computers to learn the way

human beings do. It uses computer algorithms and statistical models to analyze data andpredict outcomes.
予測する結果6. Deep learning is considered as part of machine learning. Moreover, it is gaining muchattention due to its supremacy in terms of accuracy when it is trained with huge data.
卓

distinguishing people. Also, it is utilized in driverless cars and speech recognition
区別するsystems.

発話認識

7. It is necessary to do more research on AI for the benefit of society. Since AI aspires toendow machines with abilities that replicate or exceed those of humans, research thathelps us better understand how humans
perform complex tasks can greatly aid
the development of AI.

数学者

development of AI. He invented the Turing test to determine if a machine could exhibit
intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human being. The
test is designed to assess whether a machine can think or not.
The IBM supercomputer, Deep Blue, captured the world’s imagination in 1997 when it
defeated Garry Kasparov, the world’s greatest chess champion at that time. The six-gamematch lasted several days, and Deep Blue had two wins, one defeat, and three draws.
An Expert System is a type of AI system designed to display and imitate aspects ofrational behavior. Expert Systems are widely used in commercial and industrial settings,
合理的行動

such as medicine, finance, manufacturing, sales, and video games.
製造業

Meta (or Facebook) and Twitter are two big companies that use AI to send users the越Deep learning can be used for many tasks such as understanding text documents and05

right message at the right time. For example, Facebook has a function to introduce users
who may somehow be connected.
In 1999, Sony released its first version of AIBO – a pet robot that people could play with.
AIBO could express emotions and identify its owner. It was one of the first AI robots.
Complete the summary
Alan Turing was a (適切な語を入れてサマリーを完成しよう) father of the theory and development of (supercomputer, Deep Blue, (). The IBM) the world’s imagination in 1997. An Expert

System is designed to display and imitate aspects of () behavior. Meta(or Facebook) and Twitter are two big companies that use AI to send users the right() at the right (). In 1999, () released its first version of AIBO.

Research What are you interested in when reading this passage? Choose one and do research.

89

Unit 1

Artificial intelligence (AI): present and future

5. Topic 2 The singularity in AIPractice 7

AI のシンギュラリティ（特異点）

06

The singularity in AI is a point at which AI can learn and improve itself faster thanhumans. Do you think it is possible? Discuss whether or not AI will surpass human
intelligence. AI は人間の知性を超えますか？

AI will bring about the singularity. Have you ever heard of the term ‘singularity’?
According to Dictionary.com, singularity is defined as ‘the state, fact, or quality of being
singular.’The singularity in AI refers to the technological singularity, which means a point inthe future when AI surpasses human intelligence. The singularity is expected to comearound 2045.

越えるAlthough human beings have developed AI, it may evolve by itself in the future. If AI
continues to develop rapidly, it may be able to strengthen itself. Many scientists expect
much of human work to be replaced by AI over time.

強くなる

Even now, AI can find and identify diseases that human doctors can’t see using X-ray

6. Understanding AI Key terms
Practice 8

AI を考えるのに必要な用語

Discuss the key terms on AI: AI, machine learning, deep learning and singularity

AI
AI refers to computer systems withthe p otential to a dapt to a variety
可能性

適応するof environments and situations andperform tasks that normally require
human intelligence. For instance,
many cars nowadays contain driverassistance systems, such as blind-spot

死角チェック

monitoring, c ross-traffic detectors,
交差交通検出emergency braking, and driver-assist
steering. These are basic examples of AI.
www.scs.org.sg/images. AI has also been able to defeat highly skilled players of board games, such as
chess and shogi. As the processing capacities of supercomputers continue to improve, soMachine learning

do the capabilities of AI.

Machine learning refers to algorithms and statistical models that enable computers

Besides weak AI and strong AI, there is also super AI which represents a level ofto perform specific tasks, without explicit instructions. The machine “decides” whatcognitive capability that surpasses human intelligence and ability. Although weak AI

to do by analyzing data, discovering patterns, and making predictions. For example,

is currently available and strong AI is being developed, super AI now only exists in themachine learning can be used in conjunction with image processing systems to enable

world of science fiction.

autonomous vehicles to detect roadway conditions and steer appropriately. This

Some scientists believe that humans can probably create strong AI, or Artificial Generaltechnology is not new. As computer hardware develops and computers are able to process

Intelligence (AGI), as some researchers call it. Once that is achieved, the singularity maylarger and larger volumes of data, machine learning speeds up. Also, as AI researchsoon occur. So, a future in which super AI exists may be approaching much faster than

produces more eﬃcient learning models, the speed and eﬃciency of machine learning

we expect.

systems will continue to improve.

知性

自律運転自動車

SFの世界

SINGULARITY TIME LINE

Deep learning

INTELLECTUAL LEVEL/POWER

Rise in human intelligence could be driven by AI in the future

methods that utilize algorithms inspired by artificial

THE SINGULARITY

AI

触発された

Trans-Humans?

neural networks. These methods are intended to train
人工神経2045010

Deep learning is part of a family of machine learning

Human intelligence

TIME

1950

2015

2045

AI will surpass humanintelligence.

AI to think and learn as humans do. While endowing
授けるmachines with such abilities has been a challenge, it is
now more possible than ever due to deep learning tools and technology.
11Unit 1Unit

7. Learning outcomes What have you learned?
Self-assessment

学んだことの整理

自己評価をしよう

I can listen to and read what AI is.

0---30---50---70---100%

I can speak and write about how AI is used in our daily life.

0---30---50---70---100%

I can understand the ideas and problems about AI.

0---30---50---70---100%

2

3D printing: technology thatmakes our life more comfortable
３D プリンタ︓生活を快適にしてくれる技術

1. CLIL attainment target
Practice 9 A summary of learning: write a summary of what you have learned in this unit.
Key terms

1. I can listen to and read what 3D printing is.

聞く・読む技能2. I can speak and write about how 3D printing works.

話す・書く技能3. I can understand the ideas and problems about 3D printing.

関連の内容の理解

2. Introduction
Key sentences

この課の学習目標を確認しよう

What is 3D printing?

3D printing とは何か？

Practice 1 Listen and check your understanding

聞き取ってみよう

071) Which is necessary to make something with a 3D printer?
a) plasticc) design data

2) What did the vet make for an injured dog?

Key factsa) a real boneYour understandingb) a model獣医b) a 3D printed bone

Practice 2 Read and check your understandingc) injured bone

情報を理解しよう08

3D printing is a process of creating three-dimensional objects
3次元のfrom computer-aided design (CAD) models by l ayering

層状物質materials, such as p olymer filament or metal powder, until
ポリマーフィラメント

金属粉objects are made. The process requires the use of a 3D printerthat builds objects based upon data contained in the CADmodels. Due to its flexibility and low cost, 3D printing is used inYour thoughts

various fields, such as manufacturing, architecture, and medicine, to build models and製造業

建築医療

prototypes. Despite its many advantages, some people are worried about the potential
試作品

for this powerful technology to be misused.
Practice 3 Talk in pairs

内容を確認して、英語でおしゃべりしよう

Are you interested in 3D printing? Have you seen 3D printed things before?
e.g.

A: Do you want to use 3D printers?
B: Yes, I’d love to. It’s very fun to make what I want to use.
A: Sounds nice, but I’m afraid about the cost1213