★★★ ＜第29回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第14回英文和訳】＞ ★★★
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４．課題は３題あります。それぞれの課題の指示に従い、３題すべて解答してください。

問１．以下はある米国特許の背景技術の英文です。日本語に訳してください。
The control of air pollution is an increasingly importantinternational problem. Air pollution has been linked to a number ofsignificant problems such as ozone depletion, global climate change, acidrain, environmental degradation, and health effects in humans, plants, andanimals. The problem of controlling air pollution is expected to continue toincrease in importance as general population growth continues and energy
expenditures increase in developing countries.
Air pollution is created by a number of different types of sources,and exists in a number of different forms. Sources of air pollution are
generally categorized as area sources, mobile sources, and point sources.
Area sources include small pollution sources like dry cleaners, gas stations,and auto body paint shops, and are defined as sources that emit less than 10
tons per year of criteria pollutants or hazardous air pollutants. Mobile
sources include both on-road vehicles such as cars and off-road equipment
such airplanes and construction equipment. Nationwide, mobile sources are
responsible for a majority of carbon monoxide pollution and a majority ofnitrogen oxide pollutants. Point sources include major industrial facilities
like chemical plants, steel mills, oil refineries, power plants, and hazardous
waste incinerators. Point sources are defined as those that emit 10 tons per
year of criteria pollutants or hazardous air pollutants. Nationwide, point
sources like power plants, petroleum refineries, fertilizer manufacturers,industrial paper mills, copper smelters and iron and steel mills contributethe majority of sulfur dioxide emissions. Point sources, predominantly
electrical utilities and industrial boilers, are also major emitters of nitrogenoxides.

問２．以下の英文はある米国特許の実施形態です。Figure および参考部分を参照して***START***と***END***の間を日本語に訳してください。
参考部分開始Abstract
A pool cleaning robot may include a housing that has a first fluid opening
and a second fluid opening; a filter that comprises a filter core that is at leastpartially located within the housing and comprises an one or more inlets, anone or more outlets and at least one filtering element positioned between theone or more inlets and the an one or more outlets; and a filter core rotatorthat is arranged to rotate the filter core during at least one period in which
the filter core filters fluid that enters through the one or more inlets tooutput filtered fluid via the one or more outlets.
参考部分終了***START***
FIGS. 1 and 3A illustrate a pool cleaning robot 100 that approaches anunderwater station 200 according to an embodiment of the invention. FIG.
3B illustrates a pool cleaning robot 100 that is mounted on an underwater
station 200 according to an embodiment of the invention.
The underwater station of FIG. 1 is illustrated as including an erect portion
230, a platform 230 on which the pool cleaning robot can mount, a firstcontactless charging element 210, and radiation sources 241 and 242.
Radiation sources 241 and 242 may be spaced apart from each other and arearranged to emit radiation (such as ultrasonic radiation) that can bedetected by sensor 110 of pool cleaning robot 100 and allow the pool cleaning
robot 100 to navigate towards the underwater station 200. The pool cleaningrobot 100 may compare between the radiation received from the different
radiation sources (241 and 242) and direct itself toward the underwater
station 200. The radiation sources 241 and 242 may emit radiation ofdifferent frequencies, in different points of time and the like.
The platform 230 is illustrated as including flat surface 221 and rails 222
that ease the mounting of the pool cleaning robot on the flat surface 221. A
first contactless charging element 210 may be connected to the platform 220,embedded in the platform 220 or otherwise included in the underwater
station 200 and may be used to charge the pool cleaning robot 100 that inturn has a second contactless charging element (denoted 150 in FIGS. 3Aand 3B) to facilitate the contactless charging of the pool cleaning robot 100.
***END***問３.

以下はある米国特許の請求項です。エレメントごとに分けてあります。

Figure を参照して和訳してください。
長いエレメントは工夫して、わかりやすい日本語表現を心がけてください。
1.
anAn electric toothbrush comprising:elongatedbodyportion(10)

havinganinteriorcavitywhichaccommodates a battery (44) and an electric circuit board (50);a stem member (83) having an elongated cavity (86) with a closed end and an
open end, the open end being adjacent to the elongated body portion (10),said elongated cavity (86) having a cone-shaped wall (88) extending from theopen end towards the closed end of the elongated cavity (86) such that across-sectional area of the elongated cavity (86) gradually decreases from theopen end towards a middle point of the elongated cavity (86) which is locatedbetween the closed end and the open end, said elongated cavity (86) further
having a recessed hole (87) formed at the closed end, wherein the stem
member (83) is configured to receive a replaceable brush removably mounted
thereon;a DC motor (60) positioned in the elongated cavity (86) such that a shoulder
portion or a side surface of the DC motor (60) is in contact with thecone-shaped wall (88); anda vibration shaft (70) having one end connected to the DC motor (60) andanother end formed with an axial shaft portion (78) which is rotatablyinserted into the recessed hole (87), said vibration shaft (70) having an
eccentric shaft (73) with a gravity center (G),
wherein a first distance (D1) between the gravity center (G) of the eccentric
shaft (73) and the axial shaft portion (78) is less than a second distance (D2)
between the shoulder portion of the DC motor (60) and the gravity center(G).