次の英文１～８の下線部(a)～(d)には，文法・語法・内容などの誤りを含むものが１つあります。その記号に〇をつけなさい。
1A recent study (a)found that Americans spend approximately 90 percent of their timeindoors, (b)which the concentrations of some air pollutants can be (c)two to five times higher
than outdoors.

(d)2Now, after two decades (a)to live in Tokyo, I can say (b)with conviction that Japan has six

reasons. The sixth begins when cedar trees across Japan (c)shed their pollen, blanketing thecountry in fine yellow dust that (d)inflames the eyes, noses, and throats of millions of residents.
3The city of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo has (a)just 20,000 people in

1920. Today it has around 12 million people and (b)predicts to become Africa’s second largest
city with 75 million people (d)over the next fifty years.
4

Previous research (a)has shown that sharp reductions in (b)the amount of food consumed

can help fish, rats and monkeys live longer. Now, some researchers have found that whenseverely cut their daily intake of calories, they can slow their metabolism and (d)possibility(c)also the aging process.
5

By creating a statistical model (b)based on data from the past 50 years and(a)incorporating factors including population decrease, urbanization trends and changes intransportation and communication costs, Tomoya Mori, professor of Kyoto University,
having simulated how Japanese cities might look in 2120 when the population is expected(c)to — in the worst-case scenario — plunge to less than (d)a third of what it is today.
6Everyone knows what (a)is supposed to happen when two Englishmen who have nevermet before come (b)face to face in a railway compartment ― they start talking about theweather. In some cases this may simply be because they happen to find the subject interesting.
Most people, (c)though, are not particularly interested in analyses of climatic conditions. So
there must be other reasons for conversations of this kind. One explanation is that it canoften be quite (d)embarrassed to be alone in the company of someone you are not acquainted
with and not speak to him.

7Some people travel on business, some (a)in search of health. But it is neither the sickly,nor the men of affairs (b)who fill the Grand Hotels and the pockets of their owners. It is those
who travel 'for pleasure,' as the phrase goes. (c)Whether Epicurus, who never travelled except
when he was banished, sought in his own garden, our tourists seek abroad. And do they findtheir happiness? Those who frequently visit tourist resorts must often find this question,with a tentative answer in the negative, fairly forced upon them.

(d)8

The ability to give a name to everything often passes for education. It is a common belief

that to be able to name something is to know it; to define something is to have a “trueunderstanding” of it. Neither assumption is correct, of course. There are dull and pedantic
individuals who have large vocabularies, while there are (a)imaginary, perceptive individuals
whose vocabularies are limited. Despite such evidence, the belief persists that the more you
can name the more you know. Naming itself is not a problem. (b)For naming is the basis oflanguage. (c)Rather, it is the erroneous attitudes about naming and the exaggerated influenceof names that are sometimes problematic. Among the common mistaken attitudes about
names is that of (d)each “thing” having only one correct name.