Army had failed to properly investigate potential wrongdoing and was incapable of investigating
its own scientists objectively. [JJIn June 1994, Public Citizen called on Congress to investigate, saying it had obtained documentsthat showed "a systematic pattern of data manipulation, inappropriate statistical analyses andmisleading data presentation by Army researchers in an apparent attempt to promote theusefulness of the gp160 AIDS vaccine."(41 Public Citizen cited a report by two Air Forcemedical researchers who found that Redfield's data analysis was "sloppy or, possibly, deceptive"and "creates false hope and could result in premature deployment of the vaccine. "[SJ Several
weeks later, Dr. Redfield was transfen-ed from the WRAIR to a position treating patients at anArmy hospital.(6 1
Several years earlier, Dr. Redfield defended the Army's practice of segregating IDV-positive
members of its ranks into the "armed forces' first consolidated unit of HIV-infectedsoldiers." The soldiers were housed separately, in what became known at Fort Hood as the "HIVhotel" and "the leper colony."(71 Dr. Redfield defended the extreme policy, stating, "The reason
we have done what we have done is that we think it's good medicine. And it's medicine thatmight work in the civilian sector as well." After a journalist exposed the segregation, theDepartment of Defense Inspector General found that practice violated the Army regulations. [SJIn the mid-1980s, Dr. Redfield called for widespread patient testing for HIV, recommending thatpatients undergo routine testing during physical exams, clinic visits, and hospitalizations, as wellas when applying for marriage licenses. (91 Dr. Redfield was also instrumental in implementing amandatory HIV screening program at the Depa1tment of Defense, under which every recruit wasscreened and those who tested positive for HIV were barred from military service.[lOJ Dr.
Redfield testified before Congress that "opt-in" HIV testing for only those who request it is"discriminatory" because it reaches only those who understand the risks of HIV/AIDSP 11 Dr.
Redfield also called for any HIV-positive test result to be repo1ted to public health authorities
without the patient's consent, even for asymptomatic patients, given the risks associated with thevirus's transmission.
Most medical authorities at the time, including the CDC and the Surgeon General, opposedmandatory testing in favor of voluntary testing combined with education and3
[ 1 Army Clears Redfield-But Fails to Resolve Controversy, Science (Aug. 13, 1993); Lyn Bixby, Army's Top Aids

Researcher Transferred Amid Controversy, Hartford Courant (June 30, 1994); Barry Meier, Political Battle Over an
AIDS Drug, New York Times (Nov. 2, 1993).
[41 Lyn Bixby, Army's Top Aids Researcher Transferred Amid Controversy, Hartford Courant (June 30, 1994).
[SJ John Schwa1tz, AIDS Vaccine Research Misleading, Group Alleges, Washington Post (June 8, 1994).
6[ 1 Lyn Bixby, Army's Top Aids Researcher Transferred Amid Controversy, Hartford Courant (June 30, 1994).
Pl Laurie Garrett, The Army's 'HIV Hotel'; Fort Hood first in mi/ita,y to segregate soldiers with AIDS virus,
Newsday (Feb. 26, 1989).
[sJ Randy Shilts, "Conduct Unbecoming: Gays & Lesbians in the U.S. Military" (2014).
[91 Testimony of Dr. Robert Redfield, Department of Virus Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,
Hearing on AIDS Issues, House Committee on Energy and Commerce (Aug. 7, 1987).
[10 1 Laurie Ganett, "The Army's 'HIV Hotel'; Fmt Hood first in military to segregate soldiers with AIDS virus,"
Newsday (Feb. 26, 1989).
[llJ Testimony of Dr. Robert Redfield, Department of Virus Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,
Hearing on AIDS Issues, House Committee on Energy and Commerce (Aug. 7, 1987).