★★★ ＜第29回知的財産翻訳検定試験【第14回英文和訳】＞ ★★★
≪１級課題 -電気・電子工学-≫【解答にあたっての注意】
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問１．次の英文は、米国特許の従来技術（BACKBROUND）の記載です。
***(START)***から***(END)***までの部分を日本語に訳してください。下記の英文の全体との関係で適切な用語を選定して訳してください。
As power generation has advanced, power usage has increased. This is due tomany societal factors. First, populations in practically every country of theworld have increased, resulting in more power needs. Second, consumer
products frequently are designed to use electrical energy in order to operate.
Due to advances in technology, more electronic products are available for use
today than at any time in world history. Third, manufacturing plants haverealized that machine automation can increase plant productivity anddecrease production costs. Such automation usually requires electricalenergy. Thus, the overall result is a greater need for electrical energy thanever before.
Anothercommonoccurrence

aroundtheworld

relatedtoenergy

consumption is that consumption is greater during certain hours of the day.
In any given time zone, electrical energy usage is greatest during hours of 6a.m. and 10 p.m., commonly referred to as the "awake hours" or waking
hours. Between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. the next day, most people are sleeping
and therefore are using less electrical energy. These hours are commonly
called the "sleeping hours." In order to avoid energy "brownouts" or, worse
yet, "blackouts," power companies have to be able to meet "peak demand"requirements of any given 24 hour day. These peak demand requirements

occur during the awake hours and historical data obtained from tracking
energy usage can fairly accurately predict how much energy will be needed
each hour of each day in practically any community. Therefore, peak demandis one of the main drivers of the size and number of power plants needed forany given area. Peak demand drives the sizing and number of feeders, mains,transformers, and other power distribution elements in the grid as well.
The problem with using peak demand requirements to determine power
plant capacity is that it does not make for efficient use of the resulting power
plant. For example, if a peak demand period in a given area is X
kilowatt-hours and that demand is only required for a period of eight hours
each day, and the average demand for the rest of the day is half of X, then thedesign capacity of that power plant for the other sixteen hours of the day is
not being effectively utilized. Said another way, if the full energy production
capacity of each power plant, for each day, was utilized, fewer power plants
would be needed because each one would be fully utilized, all day, every day.
Design and usage could then be based on total energy needs each day rather
than peak demand needs. Using peak demand requirements also results in
an inefficient use of the distribution and transmission systems used by thepower plants to deliver the electrical energy they produce.
***(START)***
Another problem with peak demand requirements is the high environmental
and financial costs of operating the plants. The power plants that respond topeak demand loads during especially high demand periods of time are
frequently more pollutive and expensive to operate than non-peaking power
plants. The power companies operating the power plants that wait to supply
power for peak demand periods charge a high price to local utilities for theirtemporary power output. Local utilities then pass the costs of buying powerfrom these peak demand plants to customers as a "demand charge" based on
the highest peak draw that the customer takes from the power grid over abilling period. Demand charges are determined differently by various utility
providers but tend to be based on the highest usage of electricity (in kW) overa short period of time within a monthly billing cycle. Electricity providers

justify these costs by citing the high prices of the peak demand power supply
companies and by explaining that they must constantly upgrade andincrease capacity of the distribution grid to manage the "spikes" in demandthat arise during peak periods.
A consumer's draw on the power grid is, on average, much lower than thepower level at which they are rated for demand charges. End users are often
unaware of when or how demand charges are accumulated and are
displeased to find out that their average electricity consumption is in fact
typically much lower than these peaks, and that their power charges would
be significantly reduced if their peaks in consumption could be mitigated oreliminated. Environmentally-conscious end users also seek to reduce
emissions from the pollutive power plants that provide peaking energy to thegrid by decreasing their reliance on them as a power source for peak energy
needs.
***(END)***
Furthermore, utility providers have difficulty in estimating and confirming
the amount of demand response that results when the providers broadcast aneed for demand response participation from enrollees in a demand response
program. Requests are traditionally sent out via telephone, and loads at theparticipants' sites must be manually curtailed by the customer. This can leadto actual participation rates that are much lower than enrollment logs wouldindicate.

問２． 次の英文は、コンピュータを用いた心電図モニタリングに関する発明の実施例の記載です。図面も参照して、***START*** と ***END*** の間の英文を訳して下さい。
***START***
ECG and physiological monitoring can be provided through a wearable
ambulatory monitor that includes two components, a flexible extended wear
electrode patch and a removable reusable (or single use) monitor recorder.

Both the electrode patch and the monitor recorder are optimized to capture
electrical signals from the propagation of low amplitude, relatively low
frequency content cardiac action potentials, particularly the P-waves
generated during atrial activation. FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrams showing, by
way of examples, an extended wear electrocardiography monitor 12,
including a monitor recorder 14, in accordance with one embodiment,
respectively fitted to the sternal region of a female patient 10 and a malepatient 11. The wearable monitor 12 sits centrally, positioned axially along
the sternal midline 16, on the patient's chest along the sternum 13 andoriented top-to-bottom with the monitor recorder 14 preferably situatedtowards the patient's head. In a further embodiment, the orientation of thewearable monitor 12 can be corrected post-monitoring, as further described
infra, for instance, if the wearable monitor 12 is inadvertently fitted upsidedown.
The electrode patch 15 is shaped to fit comfortably and conformal to thecontours of the patient's chest approximately centered on the sternal midline
16 (or immediately to either side of the sternum 13).
***END***
The distal end of the electrode patch 15, under which a lower or inferior pole
(ECG electrode) is adhered, extends towards the Xiphoid process and lower
sternum and, depending upon the patient's build, may straddle the region
over the Xiphoid process and lower sternum. The proximal end of theelectrode patch 15, located under the monitor recorder 14, under which an
upper or superior pole (ECG electrode) is adhered, is below the manubrium
and, depending upon patient's build, may straddle the region over themanubrium.

問３．次の英文は、銃器のコンピュータ制御に関する発明の請求項です。図面も参照して日本語に訳して下さい。
1. A firearm comprising a smart technology system that controls one or more
firearm functionalities, the smart technology system comprising:one or more input/output (I/O) devices;a lock device that disables a component of the firearm required todischarge the firearm while in an engaged state, and enables the componentof the firearm while in a disengaged state;a cover that encloses at least one component of the smart technology
system;a tamper detection device that detects when the cover is open;
a processor; anda non-transitory computer readable storage medium having
computer program instructions stored thereon that, when executed by theprocessor, causes the system to:engage the lock device;receive an input signal from an I/O device, the input signal
encoding information regarding the identity of a user;
determine from the input signal whether the user is anauthorized user;
disengage the lock device, enter a maintenance mode, ordisengage the lock device and enter the maintenance mode when the user isdetermined to be an authorized user; andin response to the tamper detection device detecting thecover is open while the system is not in the maintenance mode, transmit analert to a remote device indicating an attempt to tamper with the system.