Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN) forum 2015 (15 Apr. 2015 in Kyungju, Rep. of Korea)

Decision Support System of River
Restoration Adaptive Management
Zhao Jinyong
China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research(IWHR))UTZKTZY6XUPKIZ5\KX\OK]8KYKGXIN8KY[RZY'VVROIGZOUT)UTIR[YOUT21

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN) forum 2015 (15 Apr. 2015 in Kyungju, Rep. of Korea)

I. Project overview
Research Objectives
With 3S technology(GIS, RS, GPS), the decision support system of riverrestoration adaptive management(DSSRRAM) is developed.
It includes main system, multi-level database subsystem, multi-factor assessment
model subsystem, and expert knowledge base subsystem.
It could provide decision support forthe phases of planning, design,implementation and post-assessment during the process of river restoration project.
This system is applied in two demonstration sites, Oujiang river in Zhejiang andLijiang River in Guangxi.

3I. Project overview
Subject 1: development of decision
support system of river ecologicalrestoration adaptive management
Subject 2: development ofhydrological assessment modelBeijing Geoknowledge Company

Subject 3: development of hydraulicassessment model
Subject 4: development of physical andchemical assessment model
Subject 5: development of landform
assessment model
Subject 7: development of social,economic and ecological integrationassessment model
China Institute of Water Resources andHydropower Research(IWHR)

Subject 8: collection and analysis ofknowledge class data
Decision support
system of riverrestoration
adaptivemanagement

Beijing Normal University
Expert knowledge base subsystem

China Institute of Water Resourcesand Hydropower Research
Subject 9: Guangxi demonstration site

Subject 6: development of biologicalassessment model

Guangxi Hydraulics Research InstituteInstitute of Hydroecology

Subject 10: Zhejiang demonstration site

Assessment model subsystem

Water Conservancy Bureau, Lishui

Institutes and divisions
involved in this project

Demonstration site application

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Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN) forum 2015 (15 Apr. 2015 in Kyungju, Rep. of Korea)

II. Project research results
 Theoretical framework of river ecosystem
 Holistic conceptual model of river ecosystem structure and function
 Multi-factor assessment model system based on river ecological statusclassification system:¾ Hydrological assessment¾ Hydraulics assessment¾ Physical and chemical assessment¾ Landform assessment¾ Biological assessment¾ Socioeconomic benefit assessment

 Negative feedback regulation mechanism of river restoration
 Platform development of decision support system of river restoration
adaptive management

Research result-1. Theoretical framework of river ecosystem research
Theoretical framework of riverecosystem research
Temporal andspatial scale

LandscapeRiverbasin
RivercorridorRiver
reach

Management
strategy andtechnical method

BackgroundsystemHabitat factor

Naturalsystem

HydrologicalregimeRiver continuum
theorySustainable
management ofriver basin

EconomicsystemRiver
landform

Flood pulseconcept

Environmental flow

Socialsystem

Flow pattern

Natural waterflow paradigm

E l i lEcologicalcompensation
mechanism

Engineeringysystem

Waterquality

Series connection
non-continuum
theoryRiver restoration

Biologicalelements

Paradigm andmodelȜȜ63

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN) forum 2015 (15 Apr. 2015 in Kyungju, Rep. of Korea)

Research result-2. Holistic conceptual model of river ecosystem
structure and function
HabitatṆ᚟ൠ⋣⍱ൠ䊼

3

River landform

Hydrauliccondition,≤࣋ᶑԦǃ≤᮷ᛵ࣯hydrological regimeൠ䊼Ჟ㿲and landform landscape4㔤オ䰤ᔲ䍘ᙗ㵯㵂ᙗ
Spatial heterogeneity,meandering䘎䙊ᙗand connectivity

57
1

4D RCM
8:DWHU≤⍱IORZ

2Material flow⢙䍘⍱⢙⿽⍱species flow㜭䟿⍱ؑ᚟⍱
nergy flow
and information flow

Hydraulic≤࣋ᶑԦ condition
Flow pattern,flow velocity,⍱ᘱ⍱䙏
water level,water temperature≤ս≤⑙
andsediment
ᓅ䍘

4SMHB

10
11

6

5

AMGB

7
10

11

≤᮷ᛵ࣯

Hydrological regime⍱䟿仁⦷ࠪ⧠ᰦᵪ
Flow, frequency,appearance time,ᤱ㔝ᰦ䰤≤᮷ᶑԦਈ
durationॆ⦷ and change rate

1

⋣⍱ࣘ࣋ᆖ

2

≤࣋ᆖ

7

⭏ᘱ≤࣋ᆖ

8⭏ᘱ≤᮷ᆖ

89⭏⢙
Organism

CMHE

11

10

Foodweb, life⭏⍫ਢ
history,伏⢙㖁reproduction
ㄎҹ
㑱⇆
and competition3Ჟ㿲⭏ᘱᆖ

9⢙‫ן‬ᆖ

4⋣⍱ൠ䊼ᆖ

5⋣⍱⭏ᘱᆖ

10㹼Ѫ⭏ᘱᆖ

11⭏⨶⭏ᘱᆖ

6䱶ൠ≤᮷ᆖ

7

Research result-2. Holistic conceptual model of river ecosystem
structure and function

River four-dimension
continuum model

Hydrological regime— ecological processcoupling model

Holistic conceptualmodel of river
ecosystem structure andfunction
Hydraulic condition —biotic life history
suitability model

Spatial heterogeneity —biotic community diversity
coupling model

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Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN) forum 2015 (15 Apr. 2015 in Kyungju, Rep. of Korea)

Research result-3. Multi-factor assessment model system based onriver ecological status classification system
River ecological status classification system(RESCS)
Ecologicalelement

Biologicalquality

HydrologicalregimePhysical chemistry

No.

1

23

Ab
undance

Index

Biom
ass

Ag
estr
uct
ure

Ecologi
cal
basic
flow

Hydrologicalprocess

Element
layerRiver landform

4 elements

Generalsituation

Waterquality4
Water
temperature

Continuity

ConnectivityLandscape
pattern

Index
layer
11 indexes

abcdefghi

Exce
llent

1

1.a.1

2.b.1

2.c.1

3.d.1

3.e.1

3.f.1

4.g.1

4.h.1

4.i.1

Good2

1.a.2

2.b.2

2.c.2

3.d.2

3.e.2

3.f.2

4.g.2

4.h.2

4.i.2

Medium

3

1.a.3

2.b.3

2.c.3

3.d.3

3.e.3

3.f.3

4.g.3

4.h.3

4.i.3

Poor

4

1.a.4

2.b.4

2.c.4

3.d.4 9 3.e.4

3.f.4

4.g.4

4.h.4

4.i.4

Gradelayer
4 grades(1)Multi-factor assessment model systemhydrological assessment
Hydrological assessment index based on five kinds of environmental
water flow components and five hydrological elements

Flow chart of hydrological assessment
105

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN) forum 2015 (15 Apr. 2015 in Kyungju, Rep. of Korea)(2) Multi-factor assessment model system-hydraulic assessment¾ Hydraulic assessment factors
9 Water flow characteristic quantity — flow velocity, flow velocity gradient, special flow
pattern, flow and sediment concentration.

9 River channel characteristic quantity — Water depth, water surface width, wetted
perimeter rate, wetted cross section area, sediment type, etc.

9 Dimensionless quantity — Froude number (Fr) and Reynolds number (Re).

¾ Assessment methods
Hydrodynamic model —1D, 2D, 3D, 1-2D and1-3D
Habitat model¾ Assessment results
Temporal and spatial distribution of hydraulic factors
under different water flow conditions;Fitness curve of biological and hydraulic factors

Hydraulic assessment classification
11(3) Multi-factor assessment model system- physical and chemical assessment¾ Assessment factors
COD, NH3-N, TP, TN, heavy metal, water temperature, etc.

¾ Assessment bases and standards
Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002), water quality standard
for fishery as well as water environment functional area objectives¾ Assessment results
Comprehensive water quality category, functional area water quality compliance rate andmain pollution factors
Grade

Water quality requirements

ExcellentSuperior to Class II (including Class II)

Good

Function area water quality reaches the standards(Class III)

MediumFunction area water quality compliance rate
exceeds 60%.

PoorFunction area water quality compliance rate islower than 60%.

Physical and chemicalassessment classification

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Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN) forum 2015 (15 Apr. 2015 in Kyungju, Rep. of Korea)(4) Multi-factor assessment model system- landform assessment
Graphtheory
GISRivermorphology

Landscape patternanalysis
GIS RS GPS

Assessment and analysis of rivermeandering as well as longitudinaland lateral connectivity

Connectivity analysis ofriver channel-floodplainarea system

Change analysis oflandscape pattern

Graph model of river channelfloodplain area system;
connectivity assessment
method based on graphtheory connectivity theory

Characteristic statistics andarea transfer analyses oflandscape elements;
landscape patch nature
analysis;landscape shape index
analysis;landscape diversity analysis

Meandering: ratio of length
between two points of river midline
with its straight line distancelongitudinal connectivity:
longitudinal linkage of ecologicalelements in spatial structure
lateral connectivity: lateralconnectivity degree of river

Quantitative assessment and classification of river landform
13(5) Multi-factor assessment model system- biological assessment
Biological assessment methods
Model prediction method and comprehensive
index assessment method

Biological assessment indicesZoobenthos:Integrity index IBI and percentage mode similarity
index PMA

Fish:
Dominant
species,
community
diversity index and biotic integrity indexsimilarity,

Biological assessment classification

Biological assessment flow chart

Biotic integrity grade

IBI values

Very good

53-60

Good43-52

General

33-42

Poor

23-32

Very poor

13-22147

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN) forum 2015 (15 Apr. 2015 in Kyungju, Rep. of Korea)(6) Multi-factor assessment model system- social, economic andecological benefit assessment

Assessment methods of service
functions

Ecosystem service functions
Supply function

Willingness-to-pay
methodAdjustment function

Opportunity cost
methodSupport function

Shadow pricemethodCultural function

Stated preference
methodĂ

15Research result-4. Negative feedback
regulation mechanism of river restoration

Set the river restoration target;Conduct trend assessment for different stages ;Compare the difference between assessment result and thepreset target;
Adjust the restoration measures, gradually reduce thedifference and finally achieve the preset objective;Repeat the cycle, thereby forming the negative feedback
regulation mechanism.

Schematic diagram of negative feedback regulation
mechanism of river restoration
168

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN) forum 2015 (15 Apr. 2015 in Kyungju, Rep. of Korea)

Research result-5. Platform development of decision support system ofriver restoration adaptive management
Structure chart of decision support system of river restoration adaptive management

Four stages of riverrestoration project

Multi-layer
databasesubsystem

multi-factor
assessment model
subsystem

Multi-factor
assessment model
system of riverrestoration based onriver ecologicalstatus classification
systemExpertknowledge basesubsystem

Research result-5. Platform development of decision support system ofriver restoration adaptive management

 Multi-layer database subsystem
 Provide sufficient data foundation for the wholeprocess of river restoration project;
 Bymakingtechnology,

useofestablish

moderninformation

dataacquisition,

reorganization, mining and processing mechanisms
and achieve the integrated management of multilevel and various types of professional data; Integrate and show the data of different
categories, different periods and different formats
through GIS platform.

189

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN) forum 2015 (15 Apr. 2015 in Kyungju, Rep. of Korea)

Research result-5. Platform development of decision support system ofriver ecological restoration adaptive management

 Expert knowledge basesubsystem

Structurize the relevant river ecological restoration project caseinformation and display it with spatial coordinates as the frameand case attribute as the basis.

More than 130 pieces of relevant expert
knowledge of river ecological restoration;
more than one hundred pieces of expert
information; 49 practical cases; 7 laws andregulations.
19Ϫ Application— take Oujiang River as an example
1. System interface

20

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Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN) forum 2015 (15 Apr. 2015 in Kyungju, Rep. of Korea)

Ϫ Application— take Oujiang River as an example
2. Database Spatial database construction

 Special database

Digital elevation model (DEM), digital raster graphGeographical information of each observation(DRG), digital orthophoto map (DOM) and otherstation and cross section as well as actuallyspatial data setsmeasured hydrological regime and water
quality information of each observation station

Ϫ Application— take Oujiang River as an example
3. Import data

Basic geographical data

JPG

Remote sensing
image data

Thematic data

2211

Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN) forum 2015 (15 Apr. 2015 in Kyungju, Rep. of Korea)

Ϫ Application— take Oujiang River as an example
4. Ecological element assessment andclassification
Hydrological assessment

Current situation
regime (1981-1996)

ofhydrological

Extreme low flow: peak value was 42.98m3/s
and duration was 1.65 days;

High pulse flow: peak value was 4,860 m3/s andduration was 1 day;

Small flood: peak value was 7,281m3/s andduration was 1 day;Big flood did not appear.

The assessment grade of hydrologicalregime was medium: high pulse flow
appeared in low flow years and thecurrent situation of hydrological regime
met the requirements of base flow.

23Ϫ Application— take Oujiang River as an example
4. Ecological element assessment and classification
Hydraulic assessment
9 Ban sand mining activities
9 Dredge river
9 Have important significance forrestoring biotic habitat
Flow velocity of Area 1- distribution
diagram of comprehensive fitness ofwater depth (normal water period)

Flow velocity of Area 1 after
ecological restoration - distribution
diagram of comprehensive fitness ofwater depth (normal water period)

Comparison of habitat
suitability area before andafter ecological restoration
17.25%

21.64%

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Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN) forum 2015 (15 Apr. 2015 in Kyungju, Rep. of Korea)

Ϫ Application— take Oujiang River as an example
4. Ecological element assessment
and classification

At present, the water
environment quality ofPhysical and chemical assessment

the research area isgood, basically meeting
COD concentration field of researcharea before pollution treatment

therequirementsofaquatic organisms. If
the pollution treatment
canbestrengthened

continuously,

thephysical and chemicalclassification

may

beimproved from good to
Except Lishui Xiahe cross section (Class IV), theannual average values of other cross sections of

COD concentration field of researcharea after pollution treatment

Oujiang River trunk stream all reached Class II

excellent, more suitable
for aquatic organisms toinhabit.

standards, and the main overproof items of Lishui
Xiahe cross section were BOD5, DO and petroleum.
25

Ϫ Application— take Oujiang River as an example
4. Ecological element assessment
and classification
Landform assessment

Connectivity status graph and graphmodel when water level is 48.5m

Four indices, namely landscape pattern,meandering degree, longitudinal connectivity
and lateral connectivity, were used for landform
assessment.
After 2006, protection and restoration measures
such as banning sand mining in river, dredging
river and restoring riverside vegetation are taken.
Therefore, the landscape pattern and lateralconnectivity of the whole river corridor are
improved, and the river landform status isrestored from medium to good.

Assessment results of Kaitan-Yuxi landscape pattern inOujiang River in 2004 and 200926

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Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN) forum 2015 (15 Apr. 2015 in Kyungju, Rep. of Korea)

Ϫ Application— take Oujiang River as an example
4. Ecological element
assessmentandclassification

Biological assessment
Distribution diagram of investigation
sampling points of aquatic organisms
in Oujiang River
Assessment indexes of fish in each sampling point of Oujiang River
ChatianLongquDagangtIndex

HaikouLishuiTown

anou

Town

Shannon-Wiener Index Hn

2.464,72.352,01.948,52.444,22.324,8

Shannon-Wiener Index Hw

2.444,82.625,9

1.459,62.509,82.147,6

Pielon Index J

0.739,70.750,10.650,40.693,10.820,6Species Richness Index D

4.756,23.69

3.522,75.726,33.199,6

IBI Value4234243836

Ϫ Application— take Oujiang River as an example
Social, economic and ecological
Animal andplant products

Domestic
water

Agricultural
irrigation

Industrial
water

Hydroelectric
power
generation

Waterwaytransportfunction













SupportHydrologicalcycle balance

Geologicalnaturalevolution

Nutrient
transport

Biodiversity

Groundwater
recharge

Sandflushing
desiltingfunction













Climateregulation

Dilution andpurification

Flood storage

functionCulturalLandscapeeffectEntertainment
tourism

Aestheticenjoymentfunction

Identification of service functions ofecosystem in Oujiang Riverassessment
SupplyAdjustment

The ecological protection and restoration effect of the river was reflected in the increased
benefits ,RMB 8.13 billion Yuan.
The minimum value of the wetland restoration benefits of Oujiang River demonstrationsite calculated by wetland restoration cost28method was RMB 1.85 million Yuan/year.
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Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN) forum 2015 (15 Apr. 2015 in Kyungju, Rep. of Korea)

Ϫ Application— take Oujiang River as an example
Assessment conclusions
Hydrologicalregime

PhysicalchemistryHydraulicconditi
onLandform

HydrologicalregimeOrganism

PhysicalchemistryHydra
uliccondition

Landform

Organ
ism

Excel
lent

Excellent

GoodGood
MediumMediumPoor

Poor

Social, economic and ecological benefitsof demonstration segment: 12.3 (RMB
100 million Yuan)

Social, economic and ecological benefitsof demonstration segment: 33 (RMB 100million Yuan)

Before planning implementation

After planning was implemented
partially

After the planning was implemented partially, the grades of physical chemistry, hydrauliccondition and landform in the classification system were improved, the grades of hydrologicalregime and organism unchanged, and the social, economic and ecological benefits increased
significantly.
29

ϫ. Conclusion
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Asian River Restoration Network (ARRN) forum 2015 (15 Apr. 2015 in Kyungju, Rep. of Korea)

Thank you for your attention!

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