Hybrid computer needs no patchboards
Bigger, faster memories with cryoelectrics
EL matrix promises flat-screen tv

100
108

114

:.E896:1A -;

1.

)1'73 We.) DISVU
brISS:W b«3 99e, I;6SSW

New nstrumenL' Showcase
Real-Time
Analyzer

Sweep-Frequency Reflectometer

Digital Voltmeter Calibrator

Refle.
,etry has been greatly simp'ified with GR's new 1641. It gives
di., t, precise readings of SWR andinsertion loss (in dB) from 20 MHz
to 7GHz in two ranges in sweep- or
single-frequency operation ... residual SWR typically <1.02 . .direct
reading in SWR and loss ...all coaxial hardware internal ...precalibrated, simplified operation . . .
complete — add only source and'scope.

Calibrate your dc digital voltmeters
quickly and easily with our highly
stable 1822 calibrator ...100-1.N to1111.1-V output ...10-ppm stability...mobile secondary standard ...
automatic stepping, programmable.

1111111111111i1Illillalli 14
The Type 1921 Real-Time Analyzer isa new generation analyzer. It performs real-time one-third octave
spectrum analysis in the frequency
range from 3.15 Hz to 80 kHz employing a unique digital detection
scheme to achieve performance unattainable with analog techniques.
The major components of the analyzer are the Type 1925 Multifilter
and the Type 1926 Multichannel
RMS Detector.

Counter

New 35-MHz IC counter-timer (the1191-B) measures frequency, frequency ratio, time interval, period
average, and period between successive pulses
1-1.ts minimum display time ...frequency range extends to 500 MHz with GR scaler ...
10-mV sensitivity (to 20 MHz) ...
optional high-precision time baseand BCD data output.

Random-Noise Generator

Pulse Generator

The 1340 is the widest-range pulse
generator in its price class, only
$395 in the USA. Extremely useful for
testing IC's. ..0.2 Hz to 20 MHz ...
2.5 sto 25 ns duration ... 5-ns risetime ... 10-V output with ±1-V offset. .amplitude, period, duration
modulation.

Megohm meters

Impedance Comparator

Versatile new 1654 Impedance Comparator with percent-deviation readout of magnitude and phase angle... 0.003% comparison accuracy ....
100 Hz, 1, 10, and 100 kHz ...wide
impedance ranges. Addition of new1782 Analog Limit Comparator increases measuring speed of 1654 up
to 4 components per second, provides limit-control settings and display lights for manual sorting. Optional models operate automatic
sorting devices.

Also new...
An attractive quantity-discount policy. All GR products are subject to aquantity discount ranging from 3%
for 2-4 units to 20% for 100 units.
See these and many more exciting
new instruments at the IEEE Show,
Booth 2E26-2E36.

r:J
tfrk1.111..1
si

GR's new random noise generator,
the 1383, generates wide-band noiseof uniform spectrum level ...20 Hz
to 20 MHz, ±1 dB ...30-1.4V to 1-V
output, open-circuit . 50-ohm output impedance ... meter and 10-dBper-step attenuator.

Introducing two new megohmmeters— both are direct-reading, safe,
stable, and easy to operate. The 1863is the choice for production and inspection uses ... 5test voltages: 50
to 500 V... 50 ki2 to 20 TO (2 x1013 11).
The more flexible 1864 is best for thelaboratory .... 200 test voltages: 10 to1000 V... 50 ka to 200 112 (2 x1014 (2).

Circle 900 on reader service card

GENERAL RADIOIn less time than it takes
to read this page, you could learn to use
this new Universal Impedance Bridge.
Ready? One, two, three, go.
2an on-scale reading.

Adjust the range switch for.44.00Obtain anull with the•CRL dial. Now, read yourmeasurement.
AMMON
LIW

C4

reel

R

rks,

Li

2

I

.VO
L
MIÏWOMMO

•
ffl

•

1
• Select the function you want.
Nothing to it. No interacting controls to adjust
and readjust. No multipliers. No non-linear
dials. AUTO-BALANCE eliminates all that.
This new Hewlett-Packard Bridge is the first
one that takes human beings into account aswell as impedance. It's made for engineers who
don't have time for ahalf-hour refresher course
every time they want to use it.
You get direct digital readout of all C, R,
and L values. Indicator lights show up-scale or
down-scale unbalance. Decimal point and an
equivalent circuit are automatically indicated.
No problem with false or sliding nulls either:unique electronic AUTO-BALANCE takes
care of that.

HEWLETTàElectronics

March 17, 1969

For aD or Q measurement, just switch from
AUTO to low or high D or Q and turn the DOcontrol until you obtain another null. Simple.
Particularly for low Q and high D cases.
So if you're the kind of engineer who's tiredof complicated impedance bridges, HewlettPackard has your number: Model 4260A, $550.
Ask your Hewlett-Packard field engineer fora demonstration. Or write us for complete
specs: Palo Alto, California 94304. Europe:
54 Route des Acacias, Geneva.

Data subject to change without notice.
Price f.o.b. factory.

PACKARDAn extra measure of quality.

Circle 1 on reader service card1the automatic counter's
automatic counter• automatic range selection from 0.125 Hz to 20 MHz• remotely programmable for systems applications

Im exceptionally high speed and resolution for
inputs down to 0.125 Hz• measures pulsed frequencies automatically• extra features at no extra cost
The new Hewlett-Packard 5323A Automatic Counter
gives you a more useful automatic instrument thanyou've ever had before for either automatic systems
or visual readout uses. It's considerably ahead of its
class — the new class of "reciprocal taking" counters. It provides a greater speed-resolution combination of period measurement for making low frequency
measurements (about 1000 times greater for clean
signals below 1 kHz). Then, for rapid convenient
readout, computing circuits invert period for direct
display as frequency. It automatically provides the
maximum resolution possible, regardless of measurement time, over the entire 0.125 Hz to 20 MHz range.
But the 5323A provides even more. A host of unique"extra duty" features gives you exceptionally higher
performance for a lower price. For example, it can
Circle 2on reader service card

automatically measure the carrier frequency ofpulsed signals. It also has measurement times from0.01 to 4 seconds, selectable in steps of 1, 2and 4.
Controllable hysteresis prevents jittering about rangechange points. Remote programming and digital output are standard. Better integrated circuit design
keeps input power at a low 35W so there's no fan,and it'll use 50 to 400 Hz power.
This significant new speed, accuracy and convenience in frequency measurement is provided at lesscost than similar counters, too. Price is $2150 — forauniquely useful instrument for: rapid confident use
at the bench or for greater accuracy, speed and automaticity in data acquisition systems, mechanical orelectrical testing, control systems or physical, earthor life science investigations.
For more information about an automatic counter
worth your immediate attention, call your local HP
field engineer. Or write Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto,
California 94304; Europe: 1217 Meyrin -Geneva,
Switzerland.
07826

HEWLETT

PACKARDELECTRONICCOUNTERSElectronics

Volume 42, Number 6News Features
Probing the News
125
133

Technical Articles
Applied design

84

52
53
56
58

60
62

Computers: IBM may soon plunge—
without a splash—into the "third-plus"
generation with new computers
Companies: Hogan's Fairchild, phasetwo
Avionics: Complex monitoring
Manufacturing: Checking for leaks
in IC's
Space electronics: Waiting for the
Earth Resources Technology Satellite
program to get under way
Communications: GE vs. AT&T
For the record

Detroit puts electronics
in the driver's seat (cover)
Automakers, already using significant quantities
of discrete semiconductor devices, are looking
ahead to the time when integrated circuits
will handle just about all command andcontrol functions in acar
John Drummond, associate editor

Avionics: DC-10's air data system
casts a long shadow
Communications: Brazil works on thatbusy signal

U.S. Reports
51

March 17, 1969

Circuit design

94

Designer's casebook•High accuracy from peak detector with op amp•Dual transistor reduces track-and-hold error•NAND gate inputs expanded by adding resistor•Squelch acts faster with FET gate
•Op amp/sine wave oscillator uses diode forstability•Negative signals converted to positive logic

Electronics International
201

202
203

Meetings

West Germany: Lufthansa ready to fly
its Boeing 707's with German-built
throttle-control system; moving
depletion layer of InSb slab makes
new device with family of I-V curves
Great Britain: Electronic ball-bearing
checker bests microscopeJapan: Low-cost ferrite circulator forcommon antenna systems works wellboth ways; Hayakawa's miniature
calculator has all its logic circuits inaquartet of LSI packages

New Products
151
151
154
154
157
161
161
165
169
169
172
177
177
181
181
183
185
185
187

In the spotlight
LSI halves price of multimeter
Components review
Grooved fastener cuts relay costs
Op amp trimming done internally
Instruments review
Ramps, pulses from test generator
Digital meters' size, price featured
Subassemblies review
Redesigned d-a converter
fits DIP sockets
High-stability film-type trimmer
Microwave review
50-watt oscillator for rfi tests
Data handling review
Real-time acoustic signal analysis
Processor enhances video signals
Semiconductor review
Monolithic IC puts out 18 watts
Low-cost, hand-held logic probe

Title R registered U.S Patent Office:copyright
1969 by McGraw-Hill Inc. All rights reserved,
including the right to reproduce the contentsof this publication in whole or in part.

Electronics IMarch 17, 196998

A four-day stand under IEEE's big top
A survival guide for visiting EE's

Computers 100

All-IC hybrid computer eliminates
the patchwork from programing
A Japanese machine uses only IC'sfor computing elements, and aswitching
matrix replaces patchboard
Kazuo Kurokawa, Electrotechnical Laboratory

Memory 108
technology

Cryoelectric memories:

Consumer 114
electronics

Lighting the way to flat-screen tv
An experimental receiver withelectroluminescent panels being developed inJapan may eventually replace conventional
cathode-ray tubes
Masami Yoshiyama, Matsushita Electric

best hope for large and fast storage units
Robert Gange, RCA Laboratories

Departments
4

8
14
24
33
35

Readers Comment
Who's Who in this issue
Who's Who in electronics
Meetings
Editorial Comment
Electronics Newsletter

73
188
190
192
199

Washington Newsletter
New Books
Technical Abstracts
New Literature
International Newsletter

3Electronics

Readers Comment

Editor-in-Chief: Donald Christiansen
Senior staff editors
Technical: Stephen E. Scrupski
News: Robert Henkel
International: Arthur EriksonManaging editor: Harry R. Karp
Art director: Gerald Ferguson
Senior associate editor: Joseph Mittleman
Assistant managing editors: Stanley Zarowin, Eric Aiken, H. Thomas Maguire
Senior copy editor: James Chang; Senior staff writer: Howard Wolff
Department editors
Advanced technology: William Bucci, Richard Gundlach
Communications: John Drummond, Raphael Kestenbaum
Computers: Wallace B. Riley, George Weiss
Design theory: Joseph Mittleman
Instrumentation: Owen Doyle, Walter Barney
Military/Aerospace: Alfred Rosenblatt; William F. Arnold (Military); Paul Dickson (Aerospace)
New products: William P. O'Brien
Solid state: George Watson, Stephen Wm. Fields
Domestic bureaus
Boston: James Brinton. manager; Gail Farrell
Chicago: Frederick Corey, manager
Los Angeles: Lawrence Curran, manager
San Francisco: Walter Barney, manager; Peter Vogel
Washington: Robert Skole, manager; Paul Dickson, William F. Arnold
Foreign bureaus
Bonn: John Gosch
London: Michael Payne
Tokyo: Charles Cohen
Copy editors: Larry Miller, Edward Flinn
Staff writer: Peter Schuyten
Assistant art director: Kenneth L. Dix
Production editors: Susan Hurlburt, Arthur C. Miller
Editorial research: Anne Mustain
Editorial secretaries: Lorraine Longo, Claire Goodlin, Barbara Razulis, Vickie Green

McGraw-Hill News Service
Director: Arthur L. Moore; Atlanta: Fran Ridgway; Chicago: Robert E. Lee
Cleveland: Arthur Zimmerman; Dallas: Marvin Reid
Detroit: James Wargo; Houston: Barbara LaRouax
Los Angeles: Michael Murphy; Pittsburgh: Louis Gomolak
San Francisco: Margaret Drossel
Seattle: Ray Bloomberg; Washington: Charles Gardner, Daniel B. Moskowitz,
Herbert W. Cheshire, Seth Payne, Warren Burkett, William Small, William D. Hickman
McGraw-Hill World News Service
Bonn: Robert Dorang; Brussels: James Smith; Hong Kong: Wes Perry;
London: John Shinn; Mexico City: Gerald Parkinson; Milan: Ronald Taggiasco, Jack Star;
Moscow: Jack Winkler; Paris: Robert E. Farrell, Stewart Toy
Rio de Janeiro: Leslie Warren; Tokyo: Marvin Petal
Reprints: Susan Nugent
Circulation: Isaaca Siegel

Publisher: Gordon Jones
Assistant to the publisher: Wallace C. Carmichael
Electronics: March 17, 1969, Vol. 42, No. 6
Published every other Monday by McGraw-Hill, Inc. Founder: James H. McGraw 1860-1948.
Publication office 99 North Broadway, Albany, N. Y. 12202: second class postage paid at Albany, N. Y.
Executive, editorial, circulation and advertising addresses: McGraw•Hill Building, 330 W. 42nd Street
New York, N. Y. 10036. Telephone (212) 971.3333. Teletype TWX N.Y. 710-581.4235. Cable address:
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Subscriptions solicited only from those professionslly engaged in electronics technology. Subscription rates'
qualified subscribers in the United States and possessions and Canada, $8.00 one year, $12.00 two years.
$16.00 three years; all other countries $25.00 one year. Non.qualified subscribers in the U.S. andpossessions and Canada, $25.00 one year; all other countries $50.00. Air freight service to Japan $50.00
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Officers of McGraw-Hill Publications: Joseph H. Allen, President; J. Elton Tuohig, Executive Vice President:
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Robert E. Slaughter, Executive Vice President; Daniel F. Crowley, Donald C. McGraw, Jr., Bayard E. Sawyer, SeniorVice Presidents; John J. Cooke, Vice President & Secretary; Gordon W. McKinley, Vice President & Treasurer.

Title ® registered in U.S. Patent Office; 0 Copyright 1969 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. The contentsof this publication may not be reproduced either in whole or in part without the consent of copyright owner.
Subscribers: The publisher, upon written request to our New York office from any subscriber,
agrees to refund that part of the subscription price applying to copies not yet mailed.
Please send change of address notices or complaints to Fulfillment Manager; subscription
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Postmaster: Please send form 3579 to Fulfillment Manager, Electronics,
P.O. Box 430, Hightstown, New Jersey 08520

4

For the defense
To the Editor:
Iwant to express my appreciation for your balanced and thoughtful coverage of an extremely complex issue in your editorial titled"Heading off IBM" [Feb. 17, p. 39].
As we have stated repeatedly,
we believe we have violated neither
the letter nor the spirit of any law,
and we intend to defend the suits
vigorously in the courts. Your magazine's fair coverage of the issue ismost encouraging in this regard.
Thomas J. Watson Jr.
ChairmanInternational Business
Machines Corp.
Armonk, N.Y.

School of hard knocks
To the Editor:
I sympathize with Robert Talbott's predicament as outlined in
the article "Engineers accept therisk of layoffs as part of the gamein defense field" [Jan. 20, p. 122],
having faced the same sort of problems at one time. I've found thatthe engineering business demands
great mobility and that one should
learn to bend with the wind.
You note that Congressmen are
constantly battling for more jobs
and larger contracts for their constituents. With the recent changeof Administrations in Washington,
does anyone not suspect that themeteoric growth of engineering opportunities in Houston will slow
down a bit and that more activity
will begin to crop up in California?
The engineer is aproblem-solver,
and, like storms, problems canquickly change location and direction. When the astute engineer
feels the winds of change blowing,
he moves on before he's swept
away. The practicing engineer
should expect to move around a
bit during his first 15 years of employment, and he should optimize
his income and put his earnings
to work.
My solution to the probleni was
to join the army of "job shop" engineers, as they're still called byCircle 5 on reader service card-3-00e)"eibcii
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A little something to look forwhen you're buying a power supply:

A Heinemann circuit breaker.
If you find one on the instrument panel, it's asafe
bet you're looking at high-performance equipment.
(When amanufacturer uses aHeinemann breaker,
he's traveling the premium-component route.
There are many cheaper alternatives thatwill do almost the same job.)
It's also safe to assume you'll get long-term
service without lots of servicing.
(The protection of aHeinemann breaker is probably
the ultimate in precision. The breaker's nominal
current rating is precisely calibrated
and temperature-stable. Overload response
characteristics are controlled to precise
6

Circle 6 on reader service card

tolerances. Even the toggle mechanism is madebetter than it has any right to be.)In fact, the equipment may come with alonger
warranty than you'd expect. (Heinemann breakers,
themselves, are warranted for five years.)
All this is not to suggest that Heinemannprotection should be aprimary considerationin choosing apower supply. But if one unit has it
and the other doesn't, all else being equal,
the choice would seem to be clear enough.
Heinemann Electric Company, 2600 Brunswick
Pike, Trenton, New Jersey 08602.

HEINEMANN

4131

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Readers Comment

some in the industry. For Mr. Talbott's information, the best unionis the job shop. In fact, the Government and management welcome
the job shop engineer.
And contrary to the beliefs ofIsrael Katz (of Northeastern University), engineers are not ill-usedby management. Management survives in its own sphere by using
its total resources for optimum
gain. The engineer is treated on
the projection chart in much thesame way as capital.
The important point is not thatengineers move around so much,
but that the good engineers—thethinkers and contributors—stay inthe business and don't drop out.
They are of value wherever theygo. Imight note that they also help
lessen duplication of activity in theindustry. The same job shop engineer may move from company tocompany—increasing his expertiseand income—writing very nearly
the same proposals at each.
Mort Stillman
Los Angeles

as one of the foreign-affiliated companies supplying 75% of the British IC market?
Transitron only opened its diffusion facility here last April, but thisplant is already outbidding stateside Transitron factories for orders
from the parent corporation.
Gerald Gulliver
Transitron Electronic Ltd.
Maidenhead, England•Reader Gulliver is right. The
table should have listed Transitronin place of Motorola.

Ineligible
To the Editor:
I earlier noted the absence of
RCA in your roundup of infraredsensitive phototubes. A more serious omission of RCA's name occurs in the New Products article
entitled "Semiconductor microwave sources go off-the-shelf at
more makers," [Feb. 17, p. 149].
Arnold M. Durham
RCA Electronic Components
Harrison, N.J.
•The article cited covered readily available production items. In
preparing the article, Electronics
surveyed many manufacturers, andwas told by RCA that its devices
were "experimental."

SlipupTo the Editor:Your table of British IC manufacturers in the article "`The American Challenge' on achip" [Jan. 20,
p. 74] is certainly flattering toMotorola, which doesn't even havea plant in this country.
Could you possibly have meant
Transitron, which, quite rightly, isfeatured in the body of the article

Readers' letters should be addressed:
To the Editor,
Electronics,
330 West 42nd Street, New York,
N.Y. 10036

I SUBSCRIPTION SERVICE
IPlease include an Electronics Magazine address
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To subscribe mail this form with your payment
and check [1:1 new subscription D renew mypresent subscription
I Subscription rates: qualified subscribers in the
I U.S.: 1 year $8; two years, $12; three years,, $16. Non-qualified: 1 year $25. Subscription
I rates for foreign countries available on request

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

ATTACHCHANGE OF ADDRESS
If you are moving, please let us know
five weeks before changing your address.

LABEL Place magazine address label here, print
HERE your new address below,

The
Air Traffic
Control System
Of
Central America
uses Farinon radio andmultiplex systems forreliable telephone
circuits.
So do 16 US government agencies,
45 US telephone companies ofall sizes, 36 communications
agencies of other governments,
and the Volta Aluminum Company
of Ghana ... among 223 others.
Farinon has won aworld-wide
reputation for performance,
reliability, economy and allaround engineering judgment.
Write for our catalog of radio,
microwave and multiplex equipment,
accessories and services.

nameaddress

city

state

zip code_j

Fain

Forinon Electric, 935 Washington St., San Carlos, Cal. 94070

Circle 7 on reader service card7

Who's Who in this issue

Kurokawa,

Computers of one sortor another have been theprofessional preoccupation of Kazuo Kurokawa
since 1956 when hejoined the instrumentation section of the Automatic Control divisionof the ElectrotechnicalLaboratory operated b>
the Japanese government. Author of the article on an all-IC hybrid
computer beginning on
page 100, Kurokawa has
worked on the first lowspeed,
high-precision,analog computer produced in Japan. He has
a doctorate from the
University of Tokyo.

Drummond

Well-traveled is the word for associate editor John Drummond who
wrote the cover story on automotive
electronics beginning on page 84.
John's background includes nine
years with CBS as technical superviser in charge of tv set production,and resident engineer in Caracas,
Venezuela. He has also manageda radio station in Panama. Holder
of a physics degree from the City
College of New York, John has been
an instructor at the New York Institute of Technology and is alicensed
school teacher.
Yoshiyama
Display systems fascinated Masami Yoshiyama even

before he won his physics degree from Kyoto University in 1953 and joined Matsushita Electric.
Author of the article on flat-screen electroluminescent tv beginning on page 114, Yoshiyama has also
worked on a semiconductor display system.

Gange

Variety spices the background of Bob Gange, whowrote the article on cryoelectric memories beginning on page 108. The holder of aphysics degreefrom Rutgers, he has worked on guided missile systems at Hughes, weapons systems at Andrews Air
Force Base, and logic designs at Electronic Associates. Since 1961, however, when he joined RCA
Labs, Bob has concentrated on memory technology.
8

Electronics

March 17, 1969

You say you want a
low-profile snap-in mounting push button switch or
matching indicator that is interchangeable with most
4-lamp displays... available in afull range of cap
colors ... with achoice of bezels with or withoutbarriers in black, gray, dark gray or white.

and alegend presentation that's positive (like this one) or
negative (like the one below) or just plain (like the one
above) ... one that's white when "off" and red, green,
yellow (amber), blue or light yellow when "on" ...
or colored both "on" and "off."anda

highly reliable switch proven in thousands of
installations ... available in momentary or alternate
action ... N.O., N.C. or two circuit (one N.O., oneN.C.) ... that accommodates aT-1 3/ bulb with midget
4
flanged base, incandescent, in arange of voltages
from 6-28V.

etc.
etc.
etc.
Now, Meet gives you
custom panel designing with astandard line ofpush-button. .d . t
switches and matchingln
Dialight offers a broader range of switch and indicatorpossibilities than you'll find anywhere in astandard single-lamp
Tine. Sizes: 3A', 1", %" square and round. Send today forour new full-color catalog L-209.

DIALIGH

Dialight Corporation, 60 Stewart Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. 11237
Electronics

March 17, 1969

01-124Circle 9 on reader service card

9

NEW from LAMBDA

Atotally new concept in

The FIRST AC-DC
power supplies using 39, 3!
an integrated circuit
regulation system:
Lambda

35/
16"

3-5 /
32
-

COM-PAK MARK IC

TM

power supplies• First all-silicon AC-DC Power Supply using integrated
circuits to provide regulation system exclusive of input andoutput capacitors, rectifiers and series regulation transistors.
• 3-5/32" x 3-9/32" x 3-5/16" with single or dual outputs.
• 3-5/32" x3-9/32" x 1-11/16" with single output. • Morecurrent per cubic inch. • Guaranteed for five years material
and labor. • Increased reliability through use of Integrated
Circuit which replaces 32 discrete components from conventional designs. • Convection cooled—no external heatsinks. • Regulation Line or Load .01% + 1mV. • Ripple
and Noise 250 p,V rms; 1mV p to p. • Wide Input Voltage
and Frequency Range 105-132 VAC, 57-63Hz. • Wide
Temperature Range — 20°C to + 71°C. • Temp. Coeff.
.01% +300 mV/°C External Programing Resistor .015%+ 300,V/°C Internal Resistor. • Lightweight—Only 1 lb.

for 11/
2 "size; 21
4/lbs. for 3" size. • Rugged die-cast aluminum construction. • Mounting flexibility—four mounting
surfaces. • Overvoltage Protection—available as accessory
up to 70 VDC. • Multi-Current-Rated • Complete Serviceability all components replaceable. • Remote sensing. • No
overshoot on turn-on, turn-off or power failure. • Remote
Programing 1000 ohm/V nominal or Volt/Volt.
• Series/Parallel operation with similar single or dual
units. • Competely Protected—automatic current limiting.

LCD-2 DUAL OUTPUT MODELS

LCS-1 SINGLE OUTPUT MODELSVOLTAGERANGE(EACH SIDE)

3%2" x39/
32" x35/
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Features of Dual Output Models• Independent Operation. • Independent Remote Sensing.
• Independent Remote Programing • Series Parallel Operation (Master/Slave) • Each Supply Electrically Isolated
and Floating with Respect to Ground.

MAXIMUM CURRENT (MA) AT
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (1)3%2" x3%2" x1nA6"

MAXIMUM CURRENT (MA) AT
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE)')VOLTAGE
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40 °C

50 °C

60 °C

71 °C

Price 12)

Model

40' C

50°C

60°C

71°C

Price (a)

0-7
0-7

VDC
VDC

300ma
300ma

240ma
240ma

175ma
175ma

115ma
115ma

$155

LCS-1-01

0-7

VDC

200ma

200ma

150ma

100ma

$85

LCS-1-02

0-18

VDC

95ma

95ma

95ma

80ma

85

LCD-2-12

0-18
0-7

VDC
VDC

160ma
300ma

130ma
240ma

100ma
175ma

65ma
115ma

155

LCS-1-03

0-32

VDC

65ma

65ma

65ma

40ma

85

LCD-2-13

0-32
0-7

VDC
VDC

120ma
300ma

95ma
240ma

70ma
175ma

45ma
115ma

155

LCS-1-04

0-60

VDC

35ma

35ma

35ma

25ma

95

LCS-1-05

0-120 VDC

12ma

12ma

12ma

12ma

95

LCD-2-22

0-18
0-18

VDC
VDC

160ma
160ma

130ma
130ma

100ma
100ma

65ma
65ma

155

LCD-2-23

0-32
0-18

VDC
VDC

120ma
160ma

95ma
130ma

70ma
100ma

45ma
65ma

155

LCD-2-33

0-32
0-32

VDC
VDC

120ma
120ma

95ma
95ma

70ma
70ma

45ma
45ma

155

NOTES:(1) For operation at other than 57-63 Hz, consult factory for ratings andspecifications.
(2) All prices FOB Melville, N. Y. All prices and specifications subject to change
without notice.

LCD-2-44

0-60
0-60

VDC
VDC

65ma
65ma

52ma
52ma

37ma
37ma

23ma
23ma

170

OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION

LCD-2-55

0-120 VDC
0-120 VDC

30ma
30ma

30ma
30ma

22ma
22ma

14ma
14ma

170

Model
LCD-2-11

LCS-2 SINGLE OUTPUT MODELSVOLTAGE
RANGE

3%2" x3%2' x3%6'

Price')

LCD-2-11, LCD 2-12,

LC-OV-10

3-24 VDC$20

LC-OV-11

3-47 VDC

20

LC-OV-12

3-70 VDC

25

LCS-2-02, LCS-1-01,
LCS-1-02

LCD-2-33, LCS-2-03,

40 C

50 C

60 C

71°C

Price (2)

0-7

VDC

550ma

455ma

350ma

240ma

$90

LCS-2-02

0-18

VDC

330ma

275ma

210ma

140ma

90

LCS-2-03

0-32

VDC

240ma

205ma

155ma

95ma

90

LCS-2-04

0-60

VDC

145ma

115ma

87ma

57ma

100

LCS-2-05

0-120 VDC

50ma

50ma

45ma

30ma

100

TM Trademark Lambda Electron cs Corp.

VOLT ADJ.
RANGE

LCD-2-13, LCD-2-23,

MAXIMUM CURRENT (MA) AT
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE( I)

IEEE Show Booth 2E02-04-06

Model

LCD-2-22, LCS-2-01,

LCS-2-01

Model

FOR USE WITH

LCS-1-03,
LCD-2-44, LCS-2-04
LCS-1-04
Write, wire, or call to order direct, for information, or for new Lambda
Power Supplies catalog. LAMBDA Electronics Corp., 515 Broad Hollow
Road,

Melville, L.

224-6484.

I. New York

11746, TEL.

516-694-4200, TWX 510-

power systems design
The FIRST complete power supply assembly
systems using standard Lambda component
power supplies and accessories.., make custom
power supply systems obsolete!
COM-PAK MARK II
integrated

13
4 "Hx19"W x 14" D/circuit LC
LC Power Supply Assembly System
power module
withovervoltage protector

Standard Systems Cables

Jetioiitte22

4
.
i7

a
.
ft
.• .

Systems
Power Control
PanelsSP-1 for LRA-9 Price: $20.00
SP-3 for LRA-8 Price: $20.00--

Rack Adapters
LRA-8 is 3½" high
LRA-9 is 13/ " high
4

tee.

e

Systems
Metering Panels
SMP-1 for LRA-9 Price: $90.00
SMP-3 for LRA-8 Price: $100.00

1 # I

1
=1 *lib

11111111111111à1 .

4'1

Price: $60.00
Price: $60.00

0

t
i

31/
2 "H x 19" W x 14" D
LC Power Supply Assembly System

Chassis Slides
LRA-9-CS Price: $50.00
LRA-8-CS Price: $50.00• Lambda's dramatically new Power Supply Systems• Substantial discounts are available to Original Equip-

Concept eliminates the need for costly custom-designed
multiple output power supply systems. You can orderment Manufacturers under the Lambda Commercial
Purchase Plan.

from the component power supplies and assemble yoursystem with these standard accessories:• Maximum flexibility for later design changes.
• Guaranteed 5years whether you assemble or Lambda• Overvoltage protectors • Rack adaptersassembles.

• Systems power control panels • Systems meteringpanels• Standard systems cables • Chassis slides•Assemble the system yourself or if you prefer, Lambda
will assemble your power system from 18 standard
power supplies and 36 accessories. You will receive thesystem ready to plug in.
• Up to 8 separate outputs in a 13
4 "high rack adapter.
/• Up to 16 separate outputs in a 31/
2 " rack adapter.
• Use of standard mass-produced power supplies andaccessories gives lower unit costs.

SEND FOR THISPower supplies

New 56 Page
LambdaCatalog_FIRerFesr

It gives complete information
about all Lambda Power
Systems, Power Instruments
and Power Supplies

•
•
••-r

• Fast delivery. No waiting for custom design.
A

LAMB

Veeco

SUBSIDIARYDA ELECTRONICS CORP.

515 BROAD HOLLOW ROAD, MELVILLE, Li., NEW YORK 11746

TEL. 516-694-4200, TWX: 510-224-6484

CABLE: VEECOVAC PLAINVIEW NY

Circle 11 on reader service card

GM
NIA. OF EXCELLENCE

When you come to power,
you can count on our Joules.

DELCO SILICON
TRANSISTOR TYPESPEAK ENERGY RATING(Min.)

CONDITIONS(Amperes)(Volts)DIS-103-107

1.6 Joules

40V

4

DIS-402

540 m1

200V

9A

A

DTS-423105 m.1

300V

3.5A

DIS-424228 m1325V

3.5A

DIS-425131 m1375V

3.5A

DIS-431

300 m1200V

0.3A

2N3902105 m1300V

3.5A

2N5241300 m1200V

0.3A

Ratings derived from safe operating curves.

Joules of energy, that is. High energy reliability is an extra ingredientfound in Delco silicon power transistors. It's because we design ourtransistors to have greater peakenergy capability—to be able towithstand higher surges of voltage
and current for a specified time.
And we prove it. One hundred percent Pulse Energy Testing verifies
all of our safe operating curves.
That's why Delco triple diffusedsilicon power transistors have earned a reputation for survival in the
toughest of switching jobs.

SEMICONDUCTOR DISTRIBUTORS: EAST—BALTI MORE, MD. 21201, Radio Electric Service Co., 5North Howard St., (301)-539-3835 BI NGHAMTON,N.Y. 13902,
Federal Electronics, Inc., P. 0. Box 1208, (607)-748-8211 CLIFTON, N.J. 07015, Eastern Radio Corporation, 312 Clifton Avenue, (201)-471-6600 NEWTON, MASS. 02195, The
Greene Shaw Co., Inc., 341-347 Watertown St., (617)-969-8900 NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10036, Harvey Radio Co., Inc., 2West 45th St., (212)-582-2590 PHILADELPHIA, PENN.
19114, Almo Electronics, Division of Sterling Electronics, Roosevelt Blvd. at Blue Grass Rd., Northeast Industrial Park, (215)-676-6000 PITTSBURGH, PENN. 15328, RPC Electronics, 620 Alpha Drive, RIDC Park, (412)-782-3770 WOODBURY, L.I., N.Y. 11797, Harvey Radio Company, Inc., 60 Crossways Park West, (516)-921-8700 SOUTH— BI RM I
NGHAM, ALA. 35233, Forbes Distributing Company, Inc., 1416 Fourth Ave., South, (205)-251-4104 MIAMI, FLORIDA 33142, Mountain Electronics, Division of Mountain National
Co., 3730 Northwest 36th St., (305)-634-4556 RICHMOND, VA. 23220, Meridian Electronics, Inc., 1001 West Broad Street, (703)-353-6648 WEST PALM BEACH, FLA. 33402,
Mountain Electronics, Division of Mountain National Co., 1000 N. Dixie Highway, (305)-833-5701 MIDWEST—CINCINNATI, OHIO 45237, United Radio, Inc., 7713 Reinhold
Drive, (513)-761-4030 CLEVELAND, OHIO 44125, The W. M. Pattison Supply Co., Industrial Electronics Division, 4550 Willow Parkway, (216)-411-3000 INDIANAPOLIS, IND.
46225, Graham Electronics Supply, Inc., 122 South Senate Avenue, (317)-634-8486 KALAMAZOO, MICH. 49005, Electronic Supply Corp., P.O. Box 831, (616)-381-4626 KANSAS
CITY, MO. 64111, Walters Radio Supply, Inc., 3635 Main Street, (816)-531-7015 MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA 55401, Stark Electronics Supply Co., 112 3rd Ave., North, (612)332-1325 SKOKIE, ILL. 60076, Merquip Electronics, Inc., 7701 N. Austin Ave., (312)-282-5400 ST. LOUIS, MO. 63144, Electronic Components for Industry Co., 2605 South
12

Electronics

March 17, 1969

If your circuit involves inductive
switching or is subject to transients,
be sure to analyze the load line
and specify your transistor energy
requirements. Then, talk to the
Kokomoans, the high energy
people. They'll understand yourneed for Joules.
For information on power transistor
load line analysis, ask for our Application Note No. 41.
For assured high energy capability
in silicon power transistors, always
specify Delco.

Kokomoan's Regional Headquarters
Union, New Jersey' 07083
Box 1018 Chestnut Station(201) 687-3770
Chicago, Illinois' 60656
5151 N. Harlem Avenue(312) 775-5411

Santa Monica, Calif.' 90401 Detroit, Michigan 48202
726 Santa Monica Blvd.
57 Harper Avenue(213) 870-8807(313) 873-6560
Syracuse, New York 13203
Kokomo, Ind. 46901
1054 James Street
700 E. Firmin(315) 472-2668(317) 459-2175 Home Office'Office includes field lab
and resident engineer
for application assistance.

THE KOKOMOANS

ARE IN POWER

DELCO RADIODIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORSKOKOMO, INDIANA

Hanley Road, (314)-647-5505 WEST—ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. 87108, Hyer Electronics Company, 130 Alvarado Drive, N.E., (505)-265-5767; 87106 Sterling Electronics Inc., 1712
Lomas Blvd., N.E., (505)-247-2486 COLORADO SPRINGS, COLO. 80902, L. B. Walker Radio Co., 9E. Vermijo St., (303)-636-1661 DALLAS, TEXAS 75201, Adleta Electronics
Company, 1907 McKinney Ave., (214)-742-8257 DENVER, COLO. 80219, L. B. Walker Radio Company, 300 Bryant Street, (303)-935-2406 ENGLEWOOD, COLORADO 80110,
Hyer Electronics Company, 8101 E. Prentice Ave., (303)-771-5285 FORT WORTH, TEXAS 76102, Adleta Electronics Co., S. Expressway at E. Vickery, (817)-336-7446 HOUSTON,TEXAS 77001, Harrison Equipment Co., Inc., 1422 San Jacinto Street, (713)-224-9131 LOS ANGELES, CAL. 90015, Radio Products Sales, Inc., 1501 South Hill Street, (213)748-1271 LOS ANGELES, CAL. 90022, Kierulff Electronics, Inc., 2585 Commerce Way, (213)-685-5511 OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA 73102, Radio, Inc., 903 North Hudson,(405)-235-1551 PALO ALTO, CAL. 94303, Kierulff Electronics, Inc., 3969 East Bayshore Road, (415)-968-6292 PHOENIX, ARIZ. 85005, Sterling Electronics, Inc., 1930 North
22nd Ave., (602)-258-4531 SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 84115, Hyer Electronics Company, 1425 South 2nd West, (801)-487-3681 SAN DIEGO, CAL. 92101, Milo of California, Inc.,
2060 India Street, Box 2710, (714)-232-8951 SEATTLE, WASH. 98108, Kierulff Electronics, Inc., 5940 6th Ave., South, (206)-763-1550 TACOMA, WASH. 98402, C&G Electronics
Company, 2502 Jefferson Ave., (206)-272-3181 TULSA, OKLAHOMA 74119, Radio, Inc., 1000 South Main Street, (918)-587-9124 CANADA—SCARBOROUGH, ONTARIO, Lake
Engineering Co., Ltd., 123 Manville Rd., (416)-751-5980

Electronics

March 17, 1969

Circle 13 on reader service card13

Who's Who in electronics

ADDER
ETWORKSROM
Kemp•8 to 17 Bits
•1/2 LSB Accuracy•Switch Impedance Compensated•Military /Commercial•1" x1.40" x0.2"•30 Volt Input•R/2R, Binary, Mod. Binary•$15 to $110*
b Mt Vernon. N Y domes',

Write or 'phone for complete technical data.
General Resistance, Division of Chronetics.
500 Nuber Avenue, Mt. Vernon, N.Y. (212)292-1500. In Europe: 39 Rue Rothschild,
Geneva, Switzerland (022) 31 81 80.

GENERALDIVISION14RESISTANCE

OF

CHRONETICS

Circle 14 on reader service card

"We have a team of folks whose
pencils may be rusty when it comesto writing the word 'fighter,' butthey certainly know a lot aboutsuch aircraft programs as the
XB-70, the RA-5C and the 0V-10A."
That's the way Robert Kemp, 50,
described the organization charged
with winning new military aircraft
contracts for the North American
Rockwell Corp.
The group is the North American Aviation divisions office, andKemp has just been named avice
president of the unit. Also, as thefirm's F-15 program manager, he isdirecting North American's efforts
to win the development and production contract for the Air Forcefighter. The competition here—McDonnell Douglas and Fairchild Hiller—is stiff, but North American
has lined up some impressive allies
in its bid for the award.
The only remaining XB-70 from
North American is amuseum piecenow, and the fighters the firm
counted on to keep its productionlines humming have been shot
down—figuratively.
Only
three
F-107's were built in the mid-1950's
and the mach 3 F-108 interceptor
was canceled a few years later
when the craft was still in thedesign-development phase.
Total integration. Kemp exudes
confidence about F-15 prospects,
however, and this stems in no smallpart from the fact that he has on
his team the Strike Avionics Systems division of Autonetics—developer and integrator of the F-111
avionics system. "Their forte isavionics integration, and there
isn't much of that expertise in theindustry," he declares.
Kemp and Autonetics Strike Avionics officials says the F-15's system will represent the first total
integration of all aircraft avionics.
As if to counter complaints thatit hasn't turned out large quantities of fighters for some years,
North American has just enlisted
Northrop as an F-15 team member.
Northrop, builder of the F-5 fighter,will participate in design and manufacturing if North American Rockwell wins the contract. Initial F-15
proposals will be submitted to the
Air Force in June.

As corporations grow, they canreach a point analogous to earlyadolescence: they have trouble coElectronics

March 17, 1969

You wouldn't want
the Bank mad at you,would you.
z'

1P 1'P

o

SEMI

(
3»

•

•
Peg

+4 U

d'a0

()

e

611.01.111.11.1•41.61,

Pe; *

" e""

.r•

•

•

MOO 1.4112

u
Mr•

L. ab

(Model 340B keeps bank bits straight on digital data circuits)

Unlike voice, there's no margin for error in digital
data communications. One out-of-phase pulse could
ruin an entire machine calculation or a key control
function. Things like that make banks, oil companies,
or even Uncle Sam himself mad. To help keep youon the good side of important data subscribers,
Sierra has developed the Model 340B Envelope
Delay Test Set.
Plugged into the transmit side of a data circuit,
Model 3408 gives you an instant picture of its relative envelope delay at each frequency within thetransmission pass band. Relative delay reads out directly in microsecond, or 0.1-microsecond increments on a bright digital display. Tuned frequency
appears on a second digital display. You can tune
across the pass band and construct a relative delay
characteristic curve in seconds. You'll know the treatment needed to keep those bits in order.
Model 340B's broad frequency range (see Summary Specifications) covers both voice program
channels and the 60-108-kHz group frequency bands.
This enables you to transmit at voice level and measure at the group distribution frame, or vice versa. You
can check circuits capable of transmitting wideband
data at rates up to 40.8 kilobits.
You can operate Model 340B in end-to-end, endto-end with return reference path, or loop-backmodes. Precision of its internal master clock oscillator makes possible highly accurate end-to-end
measurements without a separate reference circuit.
Electronics

March 17, 1969

To offset slight long-term frequency drift, you need
only adjust synchronization with a high-resolution,
multiturn potentiometer.
For speed and operating convenience, Model
340B offers switch-selectable operating modes, threeswitch-selectable modulation frequencies, analog outputs of frequency and delay (receive level available
optionally) for recording or oscilloscope display, andelectronic sweeping. You can even use it as a 1 Hz
to 1MHz frequency counter.
Product File 269 presents every bit of the Model
340B story. For your set, write Philco-Ford, 3885
Bohannon Drive, Menlo Park, California 94025.0r call(415) 322-7222, ext. 329.
SUMMARY SPECIFICATIONSCarrier Frequency

300 to 110,000 Hz

Frequency Accuracy (counter mode only)
Delay Measurements, Range:+1 digit, +10 Hz(1 Hz to 1 MHz)

25-Hz Modulation+20,000 µsec.

83 1
2 -Hz Modulation/
250-Hz Modulation±6,000 µsec.
-±2,000 µsec.

Delay Accuracy:
Loop: 25-Hz Modulation-±1 digit, ±2 gsec.

83 1/
3-Hz Modulation
250-Hz Modulation+1 digit, ±1 µsec.
+1 digit, +0.2 µsec.

25-, 83 1
2 -, and 250-Hz Modulation/±1 digit, ±5 psec.

One-Way (10 min.)

PHILCO
PHILCO-FORO CORPORATION
Sierra Electronic Operation
Menlo Park, Calif. •94025

Circle 15 on reader service card

15

See where
you can't bewith COHU TV.

FURNACE FLAMESGEAR WEAR

WATER PRESSURE

Contact your nearest Cohu engi•
neering representative, or call Bob
Boulio direct at 714-277-6700 in
San Diego. TWX 910-335-1244
Box 623. San Diego, Calif. 92112
16

Circle 16 on reader service cardcTFs,NJ I, I

SAN

DIEGO

c

DIVISION

Who's who in electronics
ordinating, their movements may
be awkward, and they may use
their resources ineffectively. To
some degree, this is the problem
that was faced by the overseas operations of General Telephone &Electronics. But the firm has done
something about this problem: it
has set up àspecial operation, theGT&E International Systems Corp.
in Waltham, Mass.
According to its president, Richard W. Couch, the new corporation
will coordinate overseas hardware
and software projects. "Contracts
will come to us both from customers and GT&E's many quasi-independent overseas subsidiaries," hesays. "We will act as asystems engineering and management group,
able to call upon any of GT&E's
companies for technology and expertise.""Technology and expertise" arethe reasons why GT&E International
Systems is situated in Waltham.
"It made sense to be where oursystems engineers are—that is, near
Sylvania Electronic Systems andthe Advanced Research Laboratories, both in Waltham," says Couch.
Most of the men coming into hisgroup from Sylvania Electronic
Systems and the labs got theirknow-how in military work, but"no one minds leaving it to workin the less restrictive civilian sector," he says. "In fact we have more
recruits than positions. Though wewill eventually number 150 men orso, now we are almost fully staffed
at about 40."
New scope. "Last summer, theThai Government asked if GT&E
could set up an entire communications network for their country,"says Couch. "Unfortunately, weweren't organized to do it then.
But now, drawing upon all GT&E's
member companies for hardware
and advice, we can say, 'yes' andperform such jobs efficiently."
GT&E International Systems' firstjob will be a satellite ground terminal for Thailand—the country's
second. Upcoming are amicrowave
communications system for an African nation, another Far Easternsatellite terminal, and an educational television system for an
emerging nation.
Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

MC1595 is theindustry's firsttrue Linear, 4-Quadrant Multiplier IC.
Here is the first element in what
promises to be a large family ofmonolithic, linear multipliers.
The MC1595 is designed for uses
where the output voltage is alinear product of two input
voltages; and, as such, its list of
applications is almost limitless,particularly in the control andinstrumentation fields.
For example, some of the applications are:•

• To Multiply• To Determine
Mean-Square• Frequency
Doublingr• Excellent Linearity — 1%
max error "X" input; 2%error max "Y" input.

_

The MC1595 can also be used
as a Balanced Modulator/
Demodulator, and for Electronic
Gain Control among many others.
It even has the capability for
determining true rms; plus direct
power calculations.

• To Divide• To Find
Square Root-wl.eze

pAieviee. ifv,peche'w

Here are some of the featuresthat contribute to the wide versatility of the MC1595:

e.ae./• Wide Bandwidth — PhaseError
3 from DC to 750
kHz.
• Adjustable Scale Factor.
• Large Input Voltage Range±10 V.
For more detailed information,
check the specs on the back.

e

MOTOROLA

Integrated Circuits

Here's detailed data about the first true Linear
Monolithic, Four-Quadrant Multiplier... MC1595
Check the specs ...to see why it's destined to be the new major analog building block.

CD

MOTOROLA
Snnicanclue-tars"°'"'" •°""'.›•""

r

MC15951

MC159EL_MAXIMUM RATINGS 12,,, •no.ed

Advance

Information

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The MC1595 Multiplier is currently available from distributor stock inthe 14-pin dual in-line ceramic package. For complete specifications andapplications information, circle the reader service number from the preceding page, or write:-celLedee.

pAiedese qizea#tzc eceze

MOTOROLA
Integrated Circuits

Motorola Semiconductor Products Inc. / P.O. Box 20912 / Phoenix, Arizona 85036

The circuitry shown external toMotorola products is for illustration
purposes only. and Motorola does
not assume any responsibility for
ils u. or warrant its performance orthat it in free from patent infringement.

•

co -oat headache

ANACONDABILITYBest relief forsmall parts headaches

4.403;›
What to do about the headacheof small "problem" parts? Make
them yourself? That means amajor
investment in special machineryand skilled labor. If you alreadymake them, how do you know
somebody else can't make themfor you more economically?
Like Anaconda, for instance. They
have Anacondability—all thefacilities and capabilities to-E—Circle 18 on reader service card'r•

produce alarge variety of parts
that can be stamped or drawn—in
any metal (copper, brass, bronze,
nickel silver, iron, steel, stainlessor aluminum)—and with any finish.
Most importantly, FMG engineers
have often been able to redesign apart so that it can be made more
economically (as much as 50°/o less!)
with no sacrifice in quality!
It won't cost you acent to find out-

what FMG can do for you. Send
ablueprint; they'll do the rest.
Get rid of that headache fasterthan you can say, "Anacondability"!
Please write Anaconda American
Brass Company, 414 Meadow St.,
Waterbury, Conn. 06720
Fabricated Metal Goods Division

ANACONDAAMERICANBRASSCOMPANY

Circle 19 on reader service card

/8.37

33 reasons
why we'reNo. 1
in DVM s.
Dollar for dollar we shipped more
DVMs last year than anyone else,

best DVM on the market.
But since not everyone needs thefour digit DVMs and five, from$1150 to over $8,000. (In fact, withkind of performance and features

plug-in modules you can come up

offered by the 5700, we offer 32 otherwith 300 different configurations.)

5700. It's the DVM used bymodels. Models for labs and for

In short, we make amodel for every

laboratories to calibrate otherproduction lines, bench units andapplication and every budget. All

DVMs. Without question it's thesystems' units, militarized models,as part of our standard line.

inclUding the industry giant.
One of the reasons is our Model

20

Electronics lMarch 17, 1969

I NI11INEMIn-1•

MUM!

PEEINIRIC

ffl±01-•011,3 7k»Men

And every DVM we make is put

Which means that we've got totogether on the same production line,

build every DVM as though it were ourby the same people, using many

most expensive, over $8000, unit.

of the same components and boards.
In fact, quite often the assemblers
don't know in advance which models
they're assembling.
Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

And that may be reason number 34
why we're No. 1in DVMs.
For a detailed description of our
33 models, write Dana Laboratories, Inc.,
2401 Campus Drive, Irvine, Calif. 92664

DR
Circle 21 on reader service card

R
21

The AMP point-to -point
most versatile
One Technique Covers Widest Range Of
Interconnection Requirements

be applied against any particular or unusual interconnection problems you may have in point-to-point wiring.

Whatever your interconnection requirements, TERMIPOINT* products can move in to fulfill them over thewidest variety of applications. The components shown
below are only a few of the applications now being used
in industry. In addition, AMP Engineering is available toIf you prefer AMP to pre-wire panels or connectors, a
special division in our Harrisburg plant offers complete

AMP Pre-Wired Panels And Component Service

TERMI-TWIST*ONE PIECE PRINTEDCIRCUIT CONNECTORSAMP-INCERT*"M" SERIESCONNECTORSJUNCTION BLOCKSTERMI-BLADE*
TWO-PIECE
PRINTEDCIRCUITCONNECTORSDUALATCH*
CONNECTORTERMI-LEAF*
ONE-PIECE
PRINTEDCIRCUITCONNECTORSwiring technique is thein the world
facilities from taping specifications to finished product.
Fully tested panels will be shipped ready for installation
to give you the benefits of automated wiring at lowest
applied cost. Quotes on your point-to-point wiring requirements will be supplied on request.

Write For Special Point-To-Point Wiring Report
And Complete Product Information
Send for our 6-page special report, "A Stored Energy
Connection for Point-to-Point Wiring" plus complete information including specifications and test data on TERMIPOI NT Clips, Tools and companion products. Write
INDUSTRIAL DIVISION, AMP INCORPORATED, HARRISBURG, PA. 17105.
*Trademark of AMP Incorporated

GRID PANEL

BUSS BARSTERMI-PLATE*PRINTED CIRCUITCONNECTORSTERMI-GRID*
INTERCONNECTION SYSTEMTWO PIECE PRINTEDCIRCUIT CONNECTORSINCORPORATED
Circle 23 on reader service card

Meetings

Telemetry: all over the placefor directin circuit
mpedanceeadoutHewlett-Packard 4815A RF Vector ImpedanceMeter simplifies impedance measurements. It's
fast and simple. No tedious nulling and balancing, you just touch and read positive andnegative impedance directly. Measure components, networks or probe right into active
circuits in their normal operating environment.
Application Note 86 describes many applications of the 4815A RF Vector Impedance Meter.
For your copy and complete specifications,contact your local Hewlett-Packard field engineer or write: Hewlett-Packard, Green Pond
Road, Rockaway, New Jersey 07866. In Europe:
1217 Meyrin-Geneva, Switzerland.
Pertinent•Specifications:
500 kHz to 108 MHz,
Frequency Range:
continuous.
1ohm to 100,000
Impedance Range:ohms.
0to 360°.
Phase Range:$2,650.
Price:HEWLETT

hp PACKARD

IMPEDANCEINSTRUMENTS
1095

24

Circle 24 on reader service card

A scan of the more than 80 papers
that will be presented at the IEEE
National Telemetering Conference,
April 22 to 24, indicates that thetechnology and applications of telemetry is growing rapidly.
On the applications side, papers
at the Washington, D.C., conference will show how telemetry will
be linked to advanced highway systems, crime control, medicine, animal tracking, fishing, and underwater oil drilling. Satellite telemetry
will come in for much attention
with papers on industrial applications of NASA telemetry, andthe telemetry challenges of the upcoming Earth Resources Technology Satellite program. One session
will be devoted to personal telemetry, which will feature such papers as the general design considerations for a wireless telemetry
system for medical diagnosis. Another will be the transmission ofelectrocardiograms from an ambulance in transit.
Stage props. In the plenary session on the afternoon of April 22,
four papers will be given that include some practical demonstrations. A paper entitled "Tomorrow's Telemetry Today" by Robert Darcy, project manager of the
Applications Technology Satellite
program, will be tied in with alivetransmission from an ATS satellite.
And a paper on future highway
traffic systems will be amplified
with a display from the Department of Transportation and a paper on the Tecktite 1underwaterliving experiment will be demonstrated by a live communications
link with the program in the Virgin Islands. A discussion of portable elemental analysis instruments and transmission systems
for space, geologic, biomedical, andforensic science investigation will
be highlighted as data is submitted to instruments at the conference, telemetered to Goddard
Space Flight Center, and identified
by a computer at the center.
On the theoretical side, sessions
will center on advanced data corn-pression schemes; f-m techniques;pulse-code
modulation-bit
synchronizers, and signal conditioners
in the 1970's; computation and coding; and antennas and propagation.
Two papers have already generated some excitement, according
to the technical program chairman.
One is a discussion of recent results of convolutional coding on
Pioneer 9and will be given by two
researchers from Ames ResearchCenter. The other paper will discuss pcm synthesized at bit-rates
up to 50 megahertz.
For further information write R.W. Rochelle,
Code 710, NASA, Goddard Space Center,Greenbelt, Md. 20771.

CAD in circuit theory
With computer-aided design becoming amajor factor in the development of semiconductors, integrated circuits, and printed-circuitassemblies, it's no surprise that theorganizers of the annual Midwest
Symposium on Circuit Theory haveincluded three papers on CAD inthis year's schedule. It may be surprising that this marks the firsttime the computer has been featured in these presentations. The
symposium will be held April 21
and 22 at the University of Texas
in Austin.
In a paper on computer driverdisplays, Frederic Hills of NASAwill tackle the question of whether
on-line graphics are apractical toolfor designing large circuits or are
simply aconvenience in small-scale
experimentation.
Earl Joseph of Univac, in discussing CAD trends, will review thelatest developments in graphics
and on-line techniques, plus recent
improvements in programs.
The third paper, by Lotfi Zadehof the University of California at
Berkeley, is entitled "Machine In(Continued on p. 26)

Electronics

March 17, 1969

RANGE
MAT
AC
(

IMO

xx. \

TIO0
/

DC
\
NOPISTOPE

PLuG IN

INPUT'MEG Up ,This new "4th generation"
I-C plug-in counter/timer
Outperforms all others...
And will for years to come!

Why compromise for less? The Model
1500A has amain frame counting range
from dc to 125 MHz (to 3 GHz with asingle plug-in). This instrument is fully
programmable, has provision for external time base up to 10 MHz, andmany other significant features, including the well recognized advantages of
Monsanto's "4th generation" 90% integrated circuit design.
Shown above is the Model 1104B
3 GHz frequency converter plug-in. Also
available: Model 1100A uncommitted
Circle 25 on reader service card

plug-in; Model 1101A 500 MHz prescaleplug-in; Model 1102A 6-digit presetplug-in; Model 1103A 500 MHz frequency converter plug-in; Model 1107A
time interval plug-in; Model 1201A DVM
plug-in.
Unparalleled performance plus
award-winning design make the Model
1500A the ultimate counter for the nocompromise engineer. The price for themain frame is $2850.00, FOB West
Caldwell, N. J. Other models of the 1500
Series offering a wide selection of fea-tures and capabilities begin at $1695.00.
Most engineers take Monsanto's
reliability for granted because of our
2-year warranty. But, just in case, we
maintain 37 Service Centers locatedstrategically throughout the Unitedstates and overseas.
For a demonstration, or for fulltechnical details, call your local Monsanto Field Engineer now or contact
us directly at: Monsanto Company,
Electronic Instruments, West Caldwell,
New Jersey 07006, (201) 228-3800.

Monsanto

THE GIANT KILLERS

Meetings(Continued from p. 24)

telligence versus Human Intelligence." Zadeh will weigh the capabilities of man and computer, particularly in terms of interaction.
For further information write Dr. J. K. Aggarwal, Department of Electrical Engineering,
University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712.

CalendarInternational Colloquium on Data
Transmission, Federation Nationaledes Industries Electroniques; Paris,
March 24-28.
International Convention & Exhibition,
IEEE; Coliseum and Hilton Hotel,
New York, March 24-27.
Second International Laser Safety
Conference, Medical Center of the
University of Cincinnati; Stouffer's
Motor Inn, March 24-25.

FoR LPOS!
Regulated DC Power Supplies Designed (and Priced) to
Solve Big Problems...and you can get them in 3days!
The Computer Products family of DC power supplies-3.6V 250 MA to 180V
10 MA, in P.C. and Octal Plug-in models—are consistently smaller, tougher
and better-performing than our competitions' near-equivalents.
The prices: ABOUT HALF THOSE OF OUR COMPETITION, ITEM FOR ITEM.
These are the giant killers. They whip the problems of space, performance,
cost and delivery.
Here's asampling of performance specs and prices:
6V

Output Voltage
Input Voltage
Output Current
Line-load Reg. Ea.

115±10VAC
200 MA±0.05%

Temp. Coeff. /°C
Ripple 8i Noise
Output Z@ 10 KHz
Case Sizes
Model No.
PRICE (1-91(100-299)±0.05%
0.5 mV RMS
0.2 ohms2" x3" x1"
PM522$36.15$28.0512V
115±10VAC
100 MA-L-0.02%+0.02%
0.5 mV RMS
0.2 ohms
1.75" x2.25" x1"
PM563$24.95

Dual 15V
115-i-10VAC
100 MA±0.02%-±0.02%
0.5 mV RMS
0.2 ohms
2.30" x3.50" x1"
PM552$42.95$17.95$33.95CALL OR WRITE FOR COMPLETE INFORMATION ON THE WHOLE FAMILY...OR CALL TODAY FOR 3-DAY SHIPMENT. PHONE: 305/565-9565
Computer Products, Inc., 2801 E. Oakland Pk. Blvd., Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. 33306

COMPUTERPROOUCTLFORTLAUDERDALE

Semiconductor Device Research
Conference, IEEE; Munich, Germany,
March 24-27.
Conference on Lasers & Optoelectronics, IEEE; Southampton, England,
March 25-27.
Symposium on Engineering Aspectsof Magnetohydrodynamics;
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, Mass., March 26-28.
The Changing Interface: An IC
Systems Seminar,
Electronics/Management Center;
Park Sheraton Hotel, New York,March 28.
International Components Show,
Federation Nationale des Industries
Electroniques; Paris, March 29-April 2.
Vibrations Conference, Association of
Mechanical Engineers; Philadelphia,
March 31-April 2.
Quality Control Conference,
University of Rochester;Rochester, N.Y., April 1.
Numerical Control Society; Stouffer's
Motor Inn and Convention Center,
Cincinnati, April 1-3.
Mathematical Aspects of Electrical
Network Analysis, American
Mathematical Society; Providence,
R.I., April 2-3.
International Symposium on Computer
Processing in Communications.
Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn;(Continued on p. 28)

26

Circle 26 on reader service card

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

tricky tapers...

Allen-Bradley Type J
hot molded variable resistor
shown twice actual size

COMPLETE LINE OF FRONT PANELCONTROLS AND TRIMMING RESISTORS

Allen-Bradley Type J potentiometersoffer tapers designed
to your special needs!
• When standard tapers fail to provide the control you desire, Allen-BradleyType J potentiometers have the unique capability to provide avirtually limitlessvariety of curves to meet your specialized requirements. While not a precision
device that is continuously taper-trimmed to very close tolerances, AllenBradley's control of the resistance-rotation characteristics during production
assures a high degree of conformity.

The Allen-Bradley family of controls canmeet virtually any requirement. There
are hot-molded composition and cermet
types. Single-turn and multi-turn units.
Types to meet military requirements.
There are ultra-compact units, and units
that offer special tapers and special resistance. Standard resistances are from50 ohms through 5.0 megohms. Operating temperatures from —65°C through+150°C can be met. All A-B controls
feature smooth adjustment with almost
infinite resolution and low inductance forhigh-frequency operation.

Allen-Bradley Type J potentiometers have asolid hot molded resistance track
made by an exclusive process which was pioneered and perfected by A-B.
This solid resistance track assures smooth adjustment at all times—with none ofthe discrete changes in resistance that are encountered in wire-wound units.
And being essentially noninductive, Type J controls can be applied in highfrequency circuits where wire-wound units are useless. Furthermore, A-B's solid
molded resistance track assures low noise and long life.
For more complete details, please write: Allen-Bradley Co., 1201 S. Second St.,
Milwaukee, Wis. 53204. Export Office: 1293 Broad Street, Bloomfield, New
Jersey, U.S.A. 07003. In Canada: Allen-Bradley Canada Limited.

ALLEN-BRADLEY
EC69-4QUALITY ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS©Allen-Bradley ComPanY 1969

NEW
Circle 27 on reader service card

Meetings

synchro/resolver
to digitalconverters(Continued from 13: 26)

Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York,
April 8-10.
High Frequency and Microwave Power,
Radio Standards Engineering Divisionof the NBS Institute for BasicStandards; Boulder, Colo., April 14-16.
Computer Aided Design Conference,
IEEE; University of Southampton,
England, April 15-18.
Joint Railroad Conference, IEEE;
Queen Elizabeth Hotel, Montreal,
April 15-16.
International Magnetics Conference(Intermag), IEEE; RAI Building,Amsterdam, Holland, April 15-18.
International Geoscience Electronics
Meeting, IEEE; Twin Bridges Marriott
Hotel, Washington, April 16-18.

Short courses

Now... Digitize shaft angle inputs
with accuracy!

PCM communications systems, Purdue
University, Lafayette, Ind.; June 27;$250 fee.
Characterization of surfaces, Lehigh
University, Bethlehem, Pa.; June 16-20;$250 fee.

.001° Accuracy.0005° Resolution
Front panel Nixie display

Display systems engineering, Universityof California at Los Angeles; Aug. 4-15;$275 fee.

Rear panel BCD outputs in DTL positive logic(T 2 L compatable)
Completely programmable
Successive approximation or tracking modes
All solid state, IC design
Automatic Phase Correction

The new Gertsch Model ADC-1 Synchro/Resolver-to-Digitalconverter is aself-nulling bridge, using solid state switched ratio
transformers to measure the shaft angle input of synchros orresolvers. The shaft angle is displayed on a7-digit Nixie display
and available as true BCD output on a rear connector.
For ademonstration, or for full technical details, call your local
Singer Instrumentation representative or contact us directly at
The Singer Company, Instrumentation Division, Gertsch
Operation, 3211 S. La Cienega Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. 90016,(213) 870-2761.

SINGER
INSTRUMENTATION

28

Circle 28 on reader service card

Call for papers
National Cable Television Association
Convention Re Exposition, San Francisco
Hilton Hotel, June 22-25. April 1 isdeadline for submission of abstracts to
NCTA, 1634 Eye Street, N.W.,
Washington, D.C. 20006.
Computerized Electronics, School ofElectrical Engineering of Cornell
University and the Office of Naval
Research; Cornell Campus, Ithaca, N.Y.,
Aug. 26-28. May 1is deadline forsubmission of abstracts to George
Szentirmai, conference committee on
computerized electronics, School ofElectrical Engineering, Phillips Hall,
Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. 14850.
Biennial Joint Materials Handling
Conference, IEEE; Sheraton Motor Inn,
Portland, Ore., Oct. 26-29. May 1isdeadline for submission of abstracts to
Max Frey, conference program
chairman, project engineer, Cascade
Corp., P.O. Box 7587, Portland, Ore.
97220.
Circle 29 on reader service card-3.-

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For the engineer whose responsibility is checking out
incoming precision components, the new Fluke 3330
Programmable Constant Current/Voltage Calibrator will
shorten your day and heighten your nights. For the firsttime, computer programmed checkout over awide rangeof voltages and currents is available with an off-the-shelf
low priced quality instrument.
The Fluke 3330 is unique. It can be operated in either aconstant current or constant voltage mode. Modes canbe changed without turning the unit off. Voltage range
is 0to 1000 volts in three ranges with 10% overranging.
Voltage accuracy is ±-0.005%. Resolution is 0.1 ppm.
Stability is 25 ppm per month. Line and load regulation
are 2 ppm of range. Ripple and noise are less than 50
py. Voltage trip is adjustable from 1yto 1000 v. Output
current is 100 ma in the 10 and 100 y ranges and 50 main the 1000 vrange.
In the constant current mode, ranges are 0 to 100 ma
in three ranges with 10% overranging. Accuracy is-t0.01%. Resolution is 1ppm. Stability is 50 ppm/month.
Line and load are 2 ppm of range. Compliance voltage
is 1000 volts on the 1 and 10 ma ranges and 500 voltson the 100 ma range.
Crowbar effect through a programmable relay shorts
output to limit voltage while changing loads.
Programmable functions are output range, mode, leveland polarity, voltage and current limit, crowbar, andstandby/operate. Programming time is tens of milliseconds. Price is $2,995.
For full details write or call us today.
Fluke. Box 7428, Seattle, Washington 98133.
Phone: (206) 774-2211. TWX: 910-449-2850.
In Europe, address Fluke Nederland (N.V.), P.O. Box 5053,
Tilburg, Holland. Phone: (04250) 70130. Telex: 884-50237.
In the U.K., address Fluke International Corp., Garnett Close,
Watford, WD2 4TT. Phone: Watford 27769. Telex: 934583.
See us at IEEEPRECISION TESTING
AND CALIBRATIONMADE EASY...
or how the new Fluke
programmable consta
current, constantvoltage calibrator goes
to work calibrating
and testing precision
instruments, semiconductors, resistorsandsub-assemblies.

FLUKE

Three newdevelopments infilter-connectors.

They're the three different filterpins you see in the picture. Whatmakes them noteworthy is what
they make possible—a variety of
low-, mid- and high-frequency
filter-connectors. There are threedifferent types, and there are filterpins of three different lengths tomatch the frequency. Naturally, themating and mounting techniques
for all three types are the same.
So are the advantages. All ofwhich stem from the fact that eachpin is surrounded by its own
miniature ferrite filter to keep out
EMI (electromagnetic interference).
Making the filter an integral partof the connector means that these
new types—like all Bendix filterconnectors—save you space,weight and money. Because they
cost considerably less than a filterbox setup. Weigh about 10 times
less. And take up about 10% lessspace. And, these new types areavailable with socket contacts.
So now you've got even more
ways to benefit from Bendix filterconnectors. Because Bendix
already makes a wide variety.
Including those intermatable with
our Pygmy" Series (Mil-C-26482),
JT Series, and UT Series (Mil-C27599 and Mil-C-38999). And if
you don't see what you want, we'll
design it. For details, contact: The
Bendix Corporation, Electrical
Components Division, Sidney,
New York 13838.

BendixElectronics

30

Circle 30 on reader service card

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Honeywell Series 32 Computers have the bestprice/performance ratio in their class
If you're areal-time systems man
looking for a medium-scale,field-proven computer, you want
what we've got — the H632, firstmember in the Honeywell Series 32
family of computer systems. The
H632 has the competition beat cold,
with the best price/performanceoffering of any computer in its class— 15% to 50% better.

Series 32 systems offer special
processor capabilities in multiprocessor configurations. They make
optimum use of available memory
space. There's plenty of softwarefor easy program development. A
systems-oriented instruction set
includes bit, boolean, and halfword
operations. Peripherals andsubsystems abound.

That's for areal-time
1740-hour-MTBF computer systemthat can grow from 8K to 132K words
using plug-in modules; from one
central processor and one I/Oprocessor to four each.

Delivery? How does six months
A.R.O. sound?

Circle 32 on reader service card

The H632 is ideal in such applications
as trainer/simulators, groundsupport/checkout, research, andtracking/navigation.

Send for our Series 32 summary
brochure. It's printed in gold ...
just to remind you of the money
you'll save.
Honeywell, Computer Control
Division, Dept. 13, Old Connecticut
Path. Framingham, Massachusetts
01701.

Honeywell
AUTOMATIONElectronics March 17, 1969

Editorial comment

A quantum jump for CAD
It was clear at the International Solid State Cir- interactive approach, then it ain't design."
cuits Conference that computer-aided design is en11 Graphics are not coming into their own astering a new phase: it is becoming big business. rapidly as expected; "oversold" is the common
NASA estimates that from $50 million to $100 milcomplaint. Users may have expected abit too muchlion is being spent annually to develop CAD pro- from input graphics (using alight pen, for examgrams and techniques. Fairchild Semiconductor ple). In the end, the typewriter may turn out toalone admits to an investment of $3 million just be the best and simplest input device. On theto get where it is today; certain other major semi- other hand, output graphics are highly useful andconductor manufacturers and some system houses often necessary. On the negative side, graphics
have undoubtedly invested as heavily.
consume memory. (Paraphrasing the proverb, Ron
CAD's initial phase involved developing device
Rohrer of the University of California says "a picmodels and debugging experimental programs. The ture may be worth 32 k words.")
stage it now moves into can be likened to the pilot•Shortcuts are required to avoid the wastefulproduction of a product—it is beginning to be use of memory and to speed computations. These
applied to the solution of real problems, some of include the use of quasi-sparse inversion (partiwhich could scarcely be considered before the ad- tioning that exploits the zeros in a matrix) andvent of CAD. Cost savings are another benefit. In "nesting" techniques to simplify modeling.
the case of LSI devices, for instance, CAD may
a Modeling lies at the heart of CAD and muchsave a quarter of the cost of bringing a device
work remains to be done in this field for highfrom the concept stage to production.
frequency, transient, and nonlinear analysis.
Nevertheless, the greater application of CAD
The computer has made its greatest impact uponhas been accompanied by disillusionment. The logic design, large-scale integration and array techtechnique simply falls short of certain preconceived nology, microwaves, and reliability analysis. But
notions. Specifically, users are reaching these con- much CAD has been carried out at relatively unclusions:
sophisticated levels. For example, existing circuits•General-purpose CAD programs are not a pana- and systems have been analyzed, parameter sensicea. In most cases, they must be modified to meettivities studied, and component tolerances set using
users' special requirements, and above all, versa- CAD. But the real test remains the synthesizing
tility requires lots of memory. One school believes and optimizing of designs.
it is generally cheaper and faster to generate new
The best design should be one in which the sysprograms from scratch than to modify existing tem itself is first defined and modeled, then pieces
ones to do special jobs.
of it, and finally the devices themselves. Such a• To fully exploit CAD, the user must immerse
technique, observed IBM's C.D. Hachtel at thehimself in the design, use, and modification of ISSCC, requires the ultimate in a sophisticatedprograms. One expert recommends latching onto model. Eventually, designers ought to be able toaprogram and learning it inside out; his opinion bypass such intermediate steps as the determinais that modifying afamiliar program to meet new tion of individual resistor values. Ideally, one would
problems is better than program hopping. A less inject system parameters and get hardware topoldesirable alternative, he suggests, is to have access ogy (for example, aset of masks for an LSI array).
to an engineer who knows the program intimately.
In summarizing CAD's present drawbacks,a The on-line or interactive program—whereby
George Baldwin of Bell Labs cited high initial
the user can interrupt and modify his approach in cost, the large amount of memory required, acerreal time—is a must. As problems are solved in tain mysticism that still surrounds the use of comthis manner, the solutions can be converted to fixed puters, and the difficulty of making program imprograms that can then be run on abatch sched- provements without having the system "crash."ule. But there will always be new, more complex
While CAD has taken a quantum jump toward
problems arising that require interactive capability. the real world, the challenges that lie ahead for
One expert puts it bluntly: "If you don't need the the user far exceed those that have been met •Electronics

March 17, 196933

Look. Look ahead with Series 54/74arrays.
You reduce package count, simplify design, and lower
costs when you design-in the complete Sprague line ofSeries 54/74 circuits. And make full use of the arrays.

From arithmetic to readout, it makes sense to go
Sprague, where you get full line, complete specs, competent service, and on-time deliveries.

OUR ARRAY OF ARRAYS
Decade Counter
Divide-By-Twelve
4-Bit Binary Counter
Gated Full Adder
2-Bit Binary Full Adder

USN-7490
USN-7492
USN-7493
USN-7480
USN-7482

4-Bit Binary Full Adder

USN-7483

8-Bit Shift Register

USN-7491

BCD Decoder/Driver

USN-7441

Quad Bistable Latch

USN-7475

Call Sprague Info-Central (617) 853 -5000 extension 5474.
Or for your copy of Sprague's complete Series 54/74
specification data, circle the reader service number below.
34

Circle 34 on reader service card

SPRAGUETHE MARK OF RELIABILITY

Electronics

March 17, 1969Electronics Newsletter
March 17, 1969
GI and TI readynitride passivation
for MOS lines

R.S. Carlson heads
microelectronics
for Autonetics

Space computer,
heal thyself

Electronics! March 17, 1969

Both General Instrument and Texas Instruments are ready to announcelines of MOS integrated circuits made with anitride passivation processthat lowers threshold voltages and enables the circuits to drive bipolar
IC's directly.
GI announced alow-voltage line last year but found that it couldn't
make its oxide passivation process work at low levels. Since then, anumber of manufacturers (American Microsystems, Siliconix, and National
Semiconductor, for example) have produced metal oxide semiconductor
devices that work directly with DTL or TTL circuits. Both TI and GI,
however, say that although the oxide-passivated devices attain low field
thresholds, they also have low gate thresholds, so that high clock voltages
can produce parasitic effects in the device.
GI has been shipping nitride-passivated devices to amilitary customer
for almost ayear. At the end of April it will announce aline of 14 standard products. TI, which has been marketing MOS devices for only about
ayear, may not have aproduct until summer.
Both companies use silicon cut with a 111 crystal orientation. (Theoxide process works best with 100 silicon.) Since silicon nitride tends to
produce irregular surface states when it interfaces with silicon, thenitride is actually deposited after athin oxide layer has been grown on
top of the substrate.

Autonetics has named R.S. Carlson general manager of its microelectronics activities as it moves into the business of selling MOS and siliconon-sapphire large-scale integrated arrays. The division has just completed
an agreement to supply arrays for apocket calculator made by Hayakawa
Electric of Japan [Electronics, Feb. 17, p. 215] that could be worth $30
million over the next two years. This and other commitments made itnecessary to pick afull-time manager to replace the ad hoc committeethat had been steering microelectronics activities.
The appointment of Carlson, an Autonetics vice president and generalmanager of the Navigation Systems division for the past two years, may
cloud the future of Alvin Phillips, who was brought in from Sylvania lastyear as assistant to Autonetics president S.F. Eyestone for microelectronics planning. Phillips appeared to be in line to head the operation,
but the best guess now is that he will become director of microelectronics
manufacturing.

NASA's Electronics Research Center in Cambridge, Mass., is seeking
proposals to study automatic internal fault detection and correction
for aerospace computers. Since space applications put computers far
out of the technician's reach, NASA wants to find out how (and howfast) failures could be spotted; what recovery techniques could be used
to offset these failures (without even telemetered intervention); how
the computer could reschedule its work in case one of its parts failed
permanently; how asystem might be configured into anew arrangementof processors, input-output units, and memories (perhaps through aswitching system like the one in asmall telephone exchange), and how
much damage such asystem could sustain without failing entirely.
35•Electronics NewsletterNASA considers
moon survey work

In an apparent attempt to get more mileage out of Apollo hardware,NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center recently sent an informal feeler to
North American Rockwell's Space division to study the feasibility of a
lunar survey mission. This would "cram as many useful scientific instruments as possible" into the Apollo service module, as one source puts it.
No funds are committed for such a mission, which could be either
manned or unmanned, but North American Rockwell responded to the
feeler with its own money and will deliver the study to Houston officials
this month.
The firm has talked with representatives of about adozen companies
that could provide sensors ranging from cameras to spectrometers. A
representative who sat in on the meetings says next February has been
set as alaunch target date, despite the lack of funds.

Air Force to test-fly
first computer-based
air command system

TI shifts TTL,
high-technology
work to Stafford

Getting traffic copsfor computer data

36

Flight tests will begin next week on the Air Force's first computer-basedcommand and control system. Called ADA for airborne data automation
and built around RCA's variable instruction computer (VIC), the system
will not only provide information on the man-machine interface for use
in specifying such systems as the Airborne Warning and Control System(AWACS) and the Advanced Airborne Command Post (AACP), but may
also be the prototype of an airborne data system to back up both AACP
and the Post Attack Command and Control System (PACCS).
RCA's Aerospace division, the prime contractor, demonstrated ADA's
equipment to officers of the Air Force Electronic System Division in
January and delivered the gear shortly thereafter.

Texas Instruments' decision to move nearly 1,000 salaried personnel toa new plant 250 miles southeast of Dallas in the Houston suburb ofStafford underlines the confidence with which the company is planning
its expansion. Having run out of space and exhausted the labor market
in Dallas, TI faced severe production limitations at its base plant. But
instead of expanding piecemeal, it decided to switch all its high-technology work, plus the rapidly growing TTL operation, to Stafford. Allprocessing, assembly, testing, engineering, marketing, and managementof the affected lines will be moved.
All MOS work, all LSI (meaning, at TI, discretionary wiring), andsemiconductor memory sections will also be switched.
TI expects to hire about 1,000 hourly employees at Stafford, but sopressing are its labor needs at Dallas that no one will be laid off there.

Communications-oriented computers pose a special problem for theirusers—up to 50% of their processing capacity is given over to sorting thedata traffic as it comes in and goes out over communications lines. However, in separate efforts, two firms—Sanders Associates and Comcet Inc.
—have developed machines to ease the load on the central processors byacting as traffic cops.
Both the Comcet 60 and the Sandac 200 are hardwired, so there's noneed for expensive software development. The Sanders unit handles as
many as 256 terminals, the Comcet 64 lines [For more on the Comcet
computer, see page 62]. Also, the Comcet 60 was designed to operate as
asatellite of the "native" computer, but the Sandac 200 can stand alone.
Comcet has started taking orders; Sanders will start this spring.
Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Component andCircuit Design
MICROWAVES

Beamlead modes improvebalanced mixer.
State-of-the-a rt construction boosts ruggedness
and reliability of X-band device.
A unique microstrip circuit design and a pair of matched beamlead
Schottky diodes combine to make our new SYM-8401 series of X-bandbalanced mixers asignificant improvement in broadband design.
The ceramic substrate microstrip circuit provides low signal path loss,
high isolation and broad bandwidth. The matched pair of beamlead
Schottky barrier diodes is permanently welded to the microstrip circuit.
This construction assures a degree of ruggedness and reliability not
obtainable with conventional assembly techniques.
The SYM-8401 operates in afrequency range from 8to 12 GHz. Single
sideband noise figure is 9dB max. from 8.5 to 11.5 GHz and 10 dB max.
from 8 to 12 GHz. A typical noise figure plot is shown in Fig. 1. These
measurements include 1.5 dB noise figure of the IF amplifier.
Typical VSWR is shown in Fig. 2. Average VSWR is 2.0:1 at both signal andlocal oscillator ports. The IF impedance at each IF port is typically 100 ohms.
This impedance is shown over the operating frequency range in Fig. 3. Permissible
RF input power at signal or local oscillator ports is 400 mW max.
This series of mixers is packaged in asealed miniature housing with OSM-typeconnectors at signal, local oscillator and balanced IF ports. CIRCLE NUMBER 300

New type SYM-8401 X-band balanced mixer
uses beamlead diode construction.

11

This issue in capsule
L

DRIVE} X

LEVO.

10 mu,

0

5 raw

Electroluminescent Displays
You've got more choices when you use
EL.
CRT Modulesw•-•••''

Let our engineers design your CRT display package.
10

12

FREOUENCV,GlirFig. 1. Typical noise figure plot of X-band

mixer over frequency range.

.00
i
26

450

2•

•00

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1

350

1
3,0

Integrated Circuits
New line/lamp driver cuts reflections onlong lines.

1

Circuit Boards

1 1
150 LEVEL 5-10•m)
LEVEL -12 41m
Ir

Need circuit boards? We'll make them foryou.

1,e 2503

Television

G 200Standard monochrome picture-tube line
keeps on growing.

150

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oscillator and signal ports at
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FREQUENCY

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Fig. 3. Typical impedancelevels measured at IF ports.

High-Q WCs improve HF amplifier performance.
Manager's Corner
That little extra something: Service.

I
-I
I
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JL

Digital clock display panel shows six digits and two colons.

EL DISPLAYS

You've got more chowes
when you use EL.

3 8Electroluminescent displays come in awide
variety of shapes and sizes. At least one
should fit your application.

Typical electroluminescent readouts
Type
No.

NumberofDigits

Total
Power
(mW)

Total
Current(mA)

Overall
Length(inches)

7 Segment Numeric3/8 InchWe have the broadest line of EL display devices available
anywhere. Numeric displays are off-the-shelf items in sizes
from / " up to 12". Alphanumeric readouts start at 1/
2"
and go up to 12". Depending on the size you pick, we can put
up to 12 characters on a single panel.
For example, we have a display especially designed for
desktop calculators that shows twelve 1/
2-inch characterson a 71/2" by 11/2"panel. Or, for another application, we
have apanel of three 5-inch numerals. This panel is now in
use to show flight numbers at the baggage pickup centerat Chicago's O'Hare airport.
A third design that illustrates the versatility of EL displays is shown in the photograph. This is a readout for adigital clock incorporating six digits and two colons on
23/8 " by 1" panel.
In addition to the wide range of display arrangementhat are available, you get many other advantages wheyou use EL readouts. For example, EL readouts are inherently free from catastrophic failure. Light output gradually
decreases, over the life of the device. Use of operational
duty cycles increases, rather than decreases, the life of EL
devices. This is in rather marked contrast to vacuum or gas
type displays where on-off cycling decreases brilliance andincreases the chances of sudden failure.
EL devices are also cool running. There are no heat dissipation problems. In addition, the spectral output of E
devices closely matches the response curve of the humaneye. And they can be turned on and off faster than thehuman eye can respond.
If the wide range of devices available in our line doesn'tmeet your exact needs, don't worry about it. EL offers almost unlimited design flexibility. Within practical limits ofsize and complexity, any symbol configuration can beformed that can be produced by graphic arts techniques. In
short, if we don't have it, we can turn them out in quantity

NU31A
NU35A
NU38

1
5
8

8.8
44.0
70.4

0.088
0.440
0.704

0.595
1.990
3.700

1
/
2 Inch
NU51S
NU54S
NU56S

1
4
6

10.0
40.0
60.0

0.10
0.40
0.60

0.685
2.950
4.000

2 InchNU201S
NU203SNU206S

1
3
6

90.0
270.0
540.0

0.90
2.70
5.40

2.295
7.375
13.685

3 InchNU301SNU303S
NU305S

1
3
5

350.0
1050.01750.0

3.50
10.50
17.50

3.280
10.71017.010

6 InchNU601S

1

720.0

7.2

6.092

12 InchNU1201A

1

2000.020.0

15.000in ashort time.

CIRCLE NUMBER 301

9 Segment Numeric/ Inch
2
1
NU51T
NU73T
NU76T

1
3
6

13.0
39.0
78.0

0.13
0.39
0.78

0.685
2.435
4.000

3
/
4 Inch
NU71T
NU73T
NU76T

1
3
6

26.0
78.0
156.0

0.26
0.78
1.56

0.935
3.248
5.608

1- 1/2 Inch
NU151T
NU153T
NU156T

1
3
6

67.0
226.0
427.0

0.67
2.26
4.27

1.720
5.748
10.468

DIELECTRIC WITH
ELECTROLUMINESCENT
PHOSPHOR
METALLIC FILM
SEGMENT ELECTRODE

14 Segment Alphanumeric3/
4 Inch
AN71R

1

17.0

0.17

0.935

1 InchAN101R

1

47.0

0.47

1.218

2 InchAN201R

1

135.0

1.35

2.295

5 InchAN501R

1

750.0

7.50

5.155

TRANSPARENTCONDUCTIVE FILMCOMMON ELECTRODE

GLASS SUBSTRATE
AND FACEPLATE

Basic construction of EL readout panel.

D it
CRT MODULES

Let our engineers design
your CRT display package.
We'll save you time and money, and you'll
end up with abetter system.
Our CRT engineering staff is offering a new service thatcan give you the best in display systems at minimum cost.
We'll build acomplete CRT display package, designed to fit
your system.
Too often, the design engineer has to make do with thecathode ray tubes available on the market and force themto fit his system requirements. Sylvania has changed allthat.
Because we are experts in CRT devices, we can pick thebest tube for your system. Because we're experts in interfacing CRT systems, we can give you the best drive circuits
to meet your system requirements.
In short, you get the optimum display system for yourneeds. You get it fast, and in most cases you get it at alower cost than if you did your own design work.
Sylvania offers integrated display modules in three separate design approaches (see sketches). We can give you a
tube system with a separate electronics black box for installation in your own equipment. Or, the module can besupplied as a rack-and-panel assembly. The third form ofdisplay module is the complete assembly mounted in afreestanding cabinet. Of course, all types of modifications canbe made on these three basic structural designs.
By making Sylvania responsible for both the selection of
the CRT and the drive circuitry, you can be sure that thebest choice of tube and circuitry will result. Immediate circuitry, such as the anode power supply, bias supply, video
amplifier and drive circuits will all be optimized to both the
CRT and the associated system.

•

Typical CRT display package
designed and built by Sylvania engineers.

Pricing on our integrated CRT modules is based on a
one-time engineering charge and a per-piece price quotation. Why not talk to us about CRT display problems. We'll
give you afast solution.
CIRCLE NUMBER 302

Three basic CRT module configurations are; tube with black box, rack-and-panel assembly and complete
CRT module package.

Es.
1,
can drive incandescent lamps, bus and terminated longlines, directly.
The "1" level at the output of the device is determinedby an external resistor connected to asuitable power supply.
For long-line driving applications, the value of this resistor
is the same as the characteristic impedance of the line.
Turn-off delay time is a function of the RC time constantof the pullup resistor and load capacitance plus the storage
time of the device.
The big advantages of having the capability to drive longterminated lines are graphically illustrated in a series ofwaveform photographs taken using the test setup shownin Fig. 2.
Figure 3a shows system response when the test line is anunterminated twisted pair 20 feet long. (Letters refer totest points on Fig. 2.) Note that the transmitter input
pulse is the same width as the delay of the line. When apulse is transmitted down the line the returning reflections
arrive at the transmitter when the output is off (high impedance). This causes the line to ring, particularly at thereceiving end. Because of the high voltage excursions on
the receiving end, we get spurious pulses at the receiver
output. For each transmitted pulse there are five receiver
output pulses. The spurious output pulses will continue
until the line capacitance charges to the threshold level. If

INTEGRATED CIRCUITSNew One/lamp driver cuts
reflections on long lines.
High power output permits termination oflong lines to eliminate problems caused bymismatching.
Sylvania's new SG-350 quad 2-input line/lamp driver gives
you enough power output to drive a terminated line. Thismeans you can eliminate reflections that cause spurious outputs and lower noise immunity. The major difference between the SG-350 (Fig. 1) and other drive circuits such as
the SG-140 and SG-220 is that the standard SUHL active
pullup network has been removed and the physical size ofthe output transistor has been increased.
Elimination of the pullup network means that the outputsof the SG-350 can be connected together to perform thewired-OR function. The larger geometry of the output
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CIRCUIT BOARDSA

Need circuit boards?
We'll make them tor you.

rElle1011011Sim

We've expanded our in-house facility to takecare of agrowing number of outside customers.

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11:11111111(c)the driving pulses are shorter than the line delay, the number of spurious outputs will increase.
Figure 3b shows what happens when the same line isterminated with a 150-ohm resistor. Note that there is only
one output pulse for each input pulse.
A similar comparison is shown in Fig. 4, for 33 feet of
RG-58A/U coaxial cable. Fig. 4a shows the unterminatedcondition and Fig. 4b shows what happens when the line isterminated in 50 ohms.
System response for a 20-foot length of twisted pair is
illustrated in Fig. 5. In this case the driving pulse is much
longer than the delay time of the line. Figure 5a is the unterminated case where the presence of the driving pulse(which keeps the transmitter in the "0" or "on" condition)
tends to clamp the magnitude of the reflections. Note that
there are no spurious output pulses in this case, but thatthe length of the receiver output pulse is much longer than
the input to the transmitter. This is caused by the rechargeof the line capacitance to threshold level. Also, because of
the magnitude of the reflections at the receiver input, thenoise immunity is reduced. In higher electrical noise ambients this situation could produce spurious outputs.
Figure 5b shows the system response when the line is terminated at the transmitter end rather than at the receiver.
This approach does not suppress the reflections because thetermination is in parallel with the output impedance of an"on" transistor.
The results obtained when the line is terminated on thereceiving end are shown in Fig. Sc. Note that the receiver
output pulse width is the same as the input to the transmitter. Noise immunity is also improved thanks to the lackof reflections at the receiver input.
These results speak for themselves. It's easy to see theadvantages you get when you use the SG-350 for terminatedline driving applications. Of course, the SG-350 is completely compatible with the rest of the Sylvania SUHL line
and has all of the inherent advantages of SUHL logic design.
CIRCLE NUMBER 303

For years, our printed circuit board operation has been
supplying the needs of our Electronic Systems Division.
Now we've decided to put all the expertise we've acquired
to work for you.
Typical of our precision work is the board shown in thephotograph. Dimensional tolerances were held within 0.0005"
over a span of 20". These boards have been produced at a
rate of 1200 boards per day only four weeks after starting
production.
Our highly automated production facility is equipped tohandle any kind and size of board you need—single sided,
double sided or multilayer. And we're able to turn out highreliability, close tolerance boards. For instance, our modern
automatic drilling equipment can hold tolerances of 0.001".
We'll work with you starting at any point from the drawing board, breadboard or from your artwork. We'll do prototyping and can give you high or low volume production.
And in production, you can be assured of getting consistent and reliable plated-through holes as well as high-quality
circuit plating, thanks to our automatic plating system.
And our services don't stop there. In addition to handlingall of your board requirements, we are completely equipped
to do fully automated component insertion. We'll have more
to tell you about this in a future issue of IDEAS.
If you need circuit boards, why not talk to one of ourtechnically trained sales force. They'll bring our facilities
right to your doorstep.
CIRCLE NUMBER 304

171"elliglgrrrefriOtlyiee;

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Circuit board holds dimensional tolerance of 0.0005"
over 20" span.

TELEVISION

standard monochrome
nicture-tuhe Unekeens on growing.
We now have six sizes in the line thatoffer you the most tube for the least
money.
KEEP THIS SPACE

9.19'

OB SCTLP
A'
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F
ON

±2e
4.19*" .

25

MAX
+.15
12.43"USEFUL SCREEN
AREA—REF. LINETENSION BAND

13'

75.

EXTERNAL
CONDUCTIVE
COATINGREFERENCE LINE

4
CENTERLINE

A-

6

eat? .'"A_ JI -21

y.575,',.423

22ZP4 standard tube.

04..

30.

BOTTOM VIEW OF BASE

B7- 297

BASE

Standard tube types

ScreenArea(Sq. In.)

Overall
Length
(In.)

9YP4

40

9.24

T-Band85

12DEP474

9.19

1-Band110

6.3/450

17ESP4141

11.20

Kimcode114

6.3/450

Type
Number

Implosion
Protection
SystemDeflection
Angle(Degrees)

Max.
Anode
Voltage(Volts)Voltage(Volts)Lo Es*

15,000100

Lo Es*

15,000100

Electrostatic

23,000

300

Type
Focus

EF/IF
(Volts/Ma)
12.6/80

G2

20YP4

184

12.27

Kimcode114

6.3/450

Lo Es*

23,000

50

22ZP4

229

13.13

Kimcode114

6.3/450

Electrostatic

23,000400

23HFP4282

14.88

Kimcode110

6.3/450

Lo Es*

23,50050•Low Voltage Electrostatic

When we introduced our "standard"
12" B & W picture tube a little over a
year ago, we said we could offer lower
price through volume production. Apparently, a lot of people believed us.
The 12-inch tube has been a roaring
success.
Now, we've expanded our standardtube concept to other sizes including
9", 17", 20", 22", and 23" models (diagonal). A total of six different sizes
that can save you money on the single
most expensive component that goes
into a TV set.

How do we know that these tube
types are best for standardization?
We made asurvey to find out the mostacceptable bulb configuration for eachsize. Then we determined which electronic factors were most important.
These included focus and deflection
voltages, gun-mount configuration,
anode button location and other design considerations.
We put all this information together and came up with a series oftubes that meet the majority of design needs. We developed a series oftubes that we can sell at the lowest
possible price.
Now, you can have a "MADE IN
U.S.A." TV set that can be price-competitive with foreign-made sets. And,in addition, you get the full range offield engineering services and technical assistance that only a domestic
manufacturer can provide.
Shouldn't you look into our standard tube line for your next set design?
We feel sure you will find that theprice break and superior Sylvania
quality will pay off for you.
CIRCLE NUMBER 305

DIODES

VVCs improve
H-F amplifier performance.
Family of voltage variable capacitors foruse in tuned circuits are now available with
Qs of 600 and better.
When they couldn't get the special VVCs they needed anywhere, amajor manufacturer of communications equipment
brought their problem to Sylvania.
They required very high-Q VVCs tightly matched into
quads by capacitance change ratio for use as the tuning device in high-frequency amplifiers. Fast action was essential
to meet the customer's production schedules.
A special team consisting of the customer engineers andSylvania's engineering and production groups was rapidly

formed to concentrate on a fast solution to the situation.
By working closely with the user, and applying Sylvania's
diode know-how, the required quantities were supplied ontime. And the result is a new series of VVC diodes in the
Sylvania line.
This high-Q series features typical Qs in excess of 600 anda choice of capacitance values from 4.0 pf to 33.0 pf, nominal. Tuning ratios are closely controlled to the typicalvalues shown in the characteristics table.
When it comes to packaging, you can write your own
ticket because Sylvania has the flexibility to meet yourneeds.
Whether you want your VVCs in chip form, DO-7 package or in any other form factor, Sylvania's VVCs offer agreater design margin.
The new series is also available in matched sets of two
or more diodes with tightly controlled capacitance andchange ratios between units.
When you need VVC diodes, take advantage of Sylvania's
specialized design knowledge and our proven ability todeliver the goods.
CIRCLE NUMBER 306

D6900 series high-Q voltage variable capacitors

DIODE CAPACITANCE VS, REVERSE VOLTAG E

3

4 5 6 8 102030REVERSE VOLTAGE ,VR ,VOLTS

Capacitance (CT)VF. =4VDC
f=1 MHz

TYPE

pF(nom.)

Quality
Factor (Q)
VR=4VDC
f=50 MHz(min.)

Capacitance
Ratio
Czy/C3ov
f=1 MHztypical

D6900

4.0

600

2.8

D6901

5.4

600

2.8

06902

6.8

600

2.9

D6903

8.2

600

2.9

06904

10.0

600

2.9

06905

12.0

600

2.9

06906

15.0

500

2.9

06907

18.0

500

3.0

D6908

20.0

500

3.0

D6909

22.0

500

3.0

D6910

27.0

500

3.0

33.0

500

3.1

D6911

40

Breakdown Voltage (I= 10µA)=30VDCSEE OUR
SPECIFI CATIONS IN
FIRST CLASSMICROFILM CATALOG
FILE

Permit No. 2833
BUSINESS REPLY MAIL
No Postage Stamp Necessary if Mailed in the United States

Use Sylvania's "Hot Line" in.
quiry service, especially if you
require full particulars on any
item in a hurry. It's easy andit's free. Circle the reader service number(s) you're mostinterested in; then fill in yourname, title, company and address. We'll do the rest andsee you get further information by return mail.

POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY

Sylvania Electric Products Inc.
Sylvania Electronic Components
1100 Main Street
Buffalo, New York 14209

Dept. D 3 3

Buffalo, N.Y.

MANAGER'S CORNER

That 11111e extra something:Service.
There is one area where foreign TV picture tube manufacturers cannot compete with domestic producers. That area
is service to the customer.
By service we mean assuring that you get fast aid andintelligent assistance when problems crop up on your production line.
Sylvania's Commercial Engineering Laboratories are set
up precisely to give you that service. The Commercial Engineering Labs work hand-in-glove with field engineering,sales, marketing, quality control, design and development
and the manufacturing group to provide a product that iscompetitive and fulfills the requirements of TV receiver
manufacturers.
To do this, Sylvania's Commercial Engineering Labs at
Seneca Falls, N.Y. evaluate hundreds of picture tubes
made by both Sylvania and our competition on a regular,systematic basis. This evaluation procedure includes adetailed evaluation of all tube characteristics that are important to successful operation in TV receiver. A typicalrundown of these characteristics includes emission, cutoff,brightness, ease of setup and registration, screen uniformity,
convergence pattern, raster shift and many others.
The instrumentation available in the Lab for this work
includes a number of color test stations used to evaluate
color tubes under controlled, repeatable operating conditions. A wide range of operating voltages and currents areavailable at each station for normal and stress testing.
In addition, an Earth's magnetic field environmental
chamber is available to analyze tube and receiver performance under various conditions of the earth's magnetic field.

In our labs, we can duplicate the magnetic environment thatwould be experienced by tubes operating in any part of theUnited States, Europe, Canada, or Mexico.
This accumulation of data on aregular basis allows Commercial Engineering to quickly analyze the possible causesof problems on a customer's production line or in field
operation. It also helps in solving new design and unusualapplications problems that are part of the color receiverproduction business.
In addition to aiding the customer, our Commercial Engineering Lab also aids our own manufacturing division. Because Sylvania sells to all major color set makers in the
United States, Europe, Canada and Mexico, it is importantthat our products meet the varying requirements of avariety of manufacturers. To do this requires a complete
knowledge of the operating requirements of many receiver
design groups located all over the world.
This knowledge begins with the analysis of new receivercircuits that affect the operation of the picture tube. It includes such things as tube and chassis mounting arrangements as well as the location and characteristics of neckmounted components. Our search for knowledge of actual
operating requirements ends with a life test of the picture
tubes in receivers purchased from the customer.
With this kind of data, we can react quickly to customer
requirements and analyze production situations thoroughly
to obtain quick solutions to problems.
This is the primary function of our Commercial Engineering Laboratories, and is just another example of our efforts
to provide the best production and service to the customer.

. C;;•
D. G. Mackey
Section Head, Commercial Engineering Lab.

This information in Sylvania Ideas is furnishedwithout assuming any obligations.

SYLVAN IAe Ñ"É'D‘L
ic
TELEPHONE &ELECTRONICS

NEW CAPABILITIES IN: ELECTRONIC TUBES •SEMICONDUCTORS •MICROWAVE DEVICES •SPECIAL COMPONENTS •DISPLAY DEVICES

D3
NAME
TITLE
COMPANY
HOT LINE INQUIRY SERVICEADDRESS
ZIP

STATE

CITY

Circle Numbers Corresponding to Product Item

300

301

305

306

302

303

['Please have a Sales Engineer call

304

Need information in a hurry?
Clip the card and mail it. Be
sure to fill in all information requested.We'll rush you full particulars on any item indicated.
You can also get information
using the publication's card
elsewhere in this issue. Use of
the card shown here will simplify handling and save time.

Two revealing viewsof aPlayboy bunny.

iii

We had to pull aswitch to get them.
You're looking at two views of the intei lace between thewhite enamel of the bunny on aPlayboy Club ashtray, andthe black enamel background of the tray itself(magnifed 70x).
The pictures were shot only seconds apart, throughan Olympus Model N microscope—the only
microscope that could have done it. Both show
exactly the same field, but neither, alone,tells the whole story.
The photo on the left, taken bybright-field illumination, clearly shows
the surface textures and irregularities ofboth the black and white enamel. But
not which is which, because glare has
washed out the color differences.
To make the photo on the right,
we pulled aswitch—the switch thatconverts the Model N instantly todark-field incident illumination. Now
the color differences are visible—asamorphous or crystalline inclusions or
certain other irregularities would be,
had there been any in our sample.
The Model N adapts easily topolarized and trans-illuminated observations, too; and its modular
design accommodates acomplete lineof interchangeable accessory heads,
eyepieces and camera equipment.
The Model N's Neopak bright-field/
dark-field illuminator and objectives
are also available in the Model NJ focusing
head, for universal stand or custom
mounting.
Like all Olympus microscopes,
the N and NJ cost rather less than
you'd expect. Send for our catalog
of upright and inverted metallurgical microscopes. You won't findany other bunnies there, but we think you'll
find it pretty revealing anyway.
This is what the bunny looks likewhen it isn't underthe microscope.

't OLYMPUS CORPORATION OF AMERICA; PRECISION INSTRUMENT DIVISION /DEPT. E
2Nevada Drive, New Hyde Park, N.Y.11040
Send information on D The Olympus Model N, ID The
Model NJ, El bright-field microscopes, D inverted microscopes. My applications include:

Name
Title_
Organization
Address
City

State
Zip

'
4414111111111111111011111e
Olympus Model N"50 years of
precision in microscopy"

Bright-field/dark-field metallurgical microscopeElectronics 'March 17. 1969

Circle 45 on reader service card

45

Better solutions comefrom Weatherford

Try these for starters:
Discretes. Transistors. Ceramic TTL.

TI's Preferred Semiconductors — for extra confidence in buying discretes. The flood of discrete
semiconductors makes selection time-consuming and booby- trappedwith potential errors. But you can now buy with greater`.>"
confidence than ever. TI's new Preferred Semiconductor catalog
wraps up the 285 computer-selected discrete devices that will
best fill most requirements. All are in current use, economical,-C\-i:'readily available from us and recommended for present andfuture designs. You really can't go wrong with TI's Preferred Semiconductor line. Get your freecatalog from us or circle 311 on the Service Card.
TI plastic power transistors — to cut component cost. The new TI plas-,//

tic NPN/PNP complementary single-diffused power transistors are
direct plug-in replacements for TO-3 and TO-66 devices. Being
plastic, they are low cost; single-screw mounting is another costcutter. The new series—TIP 29 through TIP 36 — is rated 30-90 watts,
1-25 amps, 40-60 volts. Whenever you're looking to cut component costs,
look to us for TI's plastic power transistors. Or for more details, call us orcircle 312 on the Service Card.
TI Series 54/74 TTL — ceramic broadens the broad choice. All TI TTL functions are now available
through us in a new ceramic hermetic dual-in-line package (14-pin or 16-pin). So your broadest TTL
choice is now even broader. Featuring extremely high reliability, the newceramic package meets all applicable military specifications. With thisnew hermetic C-DIP, plus greatly improved delivery on previously hard-to-get
flat-pack TTL devices, we are ready to meet all your aerospace and militarysystem requirements. Let us know if you'd like data sheets on TI's new
C-DIP or circle 313 on the Service Card.
For better solutions, call

Vi R. V. WEATHERFORD CO.
DISTRIBUTORSOrELECTRONICANAHEIM, CALIFORNIAGLENDALE, CALIFORNIA

1550 Babbitt Street

6921 San Fernando Road

714.532.6741

213.849.3451/14.547.7521

COMPONENTSPALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA
3240 Hillvien DriveAND

EQUIPMENTPHOENIX, ARIZONA
1917 North 25th Dreve

Stanford Industrial Park

Carson Industrial Center

415.321.5373

602.272.7144

WEATHERFORD

MU It
PLUS

SALES OFFICES
Pomona, California
714.966-8461
714-623.1261
San Diego, California
714.278.7400
Seattle, Washington
206.7624200

46

Electronics

March 17, 1969

SLO-SYN"

N/C POSITIONING

.

A

.

.

VERSATILE

SYSTEMSGROUPOFNUMERICALLY CONTROLLED MACHINERY.
//.*s.

a-• /(••-7,\•<j••1... •r••• • •

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USED

INDIVIDU-

ALLY ORAS COMPLETE PRODUCTIONSYSTEMS

FOR

PC

BOARD

MANUFACTURING

NEEDS.

OR

OTHER

CAN

BE

OPERATEDMANUALLY,

BY

TAPE

WITH

PROCESSINGORSUPPORTDATA

PUNCHEDFOR:

ARTWORK GENERATION

•

-

111

HIGH SPEED

HOLE

DRILLING•

INSERTIONor

WIRE TERMINATIONOPERATIONS

80% Faster
Printed circuit board sketch to etch in 8 hours or less! Provides a new consistent standard of speed and quality control.

New Technique
Easily programmed, error-free tape prepared directly from engineeringsketch gives precise 1:1 generation of film masters.

More Accurate
Table accuracy to.001"; repeatability to --_- .0005". Position-

ing resolution .001"; optional resolution of .0005" available.

Economical
Eliminates time-consuming drafting, drastically reduces lead-time, production time and possible error. Faster pay-off ...increased profits.

Versatile
Also used to prepare integrated circuit masters, schematics, inspection
shadowgraphs, step and repeat printing. Additional capabilities tailoredto specific needs. Call, write or wire for literature or demonstration.

•
Electronics

March 17, 1969

THE
SUPERIORELECTRIC

521 MIDDLE STREETBRISTOL, CONNECTICUT, 06010
Circle 47 on reader service card47

Once you understand the basic technology,
you can produce the whole Mercury Family.

No family planning problem here. We
wanted abig Mercury family. We've got it!
Are you interested in a 2 amp SPDT,PCB module? We've got it! (Type 159.)
Or miniature version of it? We've got it!
(Type 160.) How about a 2 amp octal
plug? We've got it! (Type 168.) A lowlevel DPDT PCB module? Got that too!
(Type 161.) You need husky 5amp octal
plug workhorses? Got them too! (Type
163 and 164.) Need something for direct
PCB mountings? We've got it! (Type165.) Miniature octal plug? Mini-DPDT

low level? Got 'em! (Type 169 and 162.)
Now you have another choice when specifying Mercury relays. A choice that is
willing to show you some old-fashioned
hustle! Talk to us about Mercury prices.
Talk to us about delivery dates. Talk to
us about your own tough Mercury problem. We'll show you what we mean!
At Midtex it's one big happy Mercury
family ...and there may be more tocome ...lately our design department
has taken to ordering in dill pickles andstrawberry ice cream for coffee breaks.

M TATEX le)
INCORPORATED

AEMCO DIVISION
10 STATE STREETMANKATO, MINNESOTA 56001
PROGRAMMERS/TIME DELAY RELAYS/MINIATURE COAXIAL RELAYS/INDUSTRIAL RELAYS/MERCURY WETTED CONTACT Rtt AS

48

Circle 48 on reader service card

Electronics IMarch 17. 1969

Our new panel meter is aslim bargain.
23/
4"deep. $149:
Presenting Minimeter. A low-cost little package
that's the perfect replacement for old-fashioned
panel needle meters. Minimeter measures with accuracy to 0.1% of reading -±-1 digit, 100 µV resolution, 100 megohms impedance, auto-polarity, andnumerals you can read from thirty feet away. You
install it in seconds. It fits a4" X 23
4 "opening. And/
as a result of a new and unique design concept,

And save when you update every meter on every
panel: Minimeter costs only $149 in lots of 100*
Minimeter is ready to slip in now wherever panel
meters are used. For detailed information and acomplete set of specifications, write Tyco Instrument Division, Tyco Laboratories, Inc., Bear Hill
Industrial Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02154. Or
call (617) 891-4700 and ask for Jerry Schulze.

Minimeter is only 23
4 "deep. Calibrate it just once.
/

See us at I.E.E.E. Show — Booth 3E11-14.

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Circle 49 on reader service card49

Call your logic module supplier for
automated wire listing and wrapping.
Lots of luck if it isn't us.
No one else has a standard module line plus bothautomated services: wire listing and wire wrapping.
So we're your sole source for anew way to save time,money, and trouble in building digital systems.
Fill in some simple forms defining your system.
Our computerized design service will convert yourdesign into an error-free, optimized wire list.
The computer will also program our automatic
wire wrapping machines. These will lower yourwiring costs at least 40% on any job worth doing.
And once again you'll save alarge chunk of time andmoney, because our computerized wiring verifierchecks every connection. Finally, every board will
be neatly wired, with multiple copies exactly alike —unlike the spaghetti bowl effect of hand wiring.
This is aproven system ... not aflight of fancy. It
was used for the entire family of Sigma computer
products. And because we developed it for ourselves,
Circle 50 on reader service card

you'll only buy computer time, not development.
Ask for our Application Bulletin No. 8 on
"Automated Wire Listing."
All this and more modules too.
Our expanded JSeries now has 123 low cost ways
to solve digital system problems. You can choose
among 76 logic modules, four power supplies, 33
cabinets and mounting cases, plus 10 solutions tocabling problems. There's even an edge lamp test
assembly that lets you instantly check key points inyour system. But our high performance T Series isn't
aslouch. There are 73 modules to choose from plus
all the hardware the JSeries has
to offer.
So call your logic module supplier, and if he isn't us tell him
Scientific Data Systems,
goodbye.
El Segundo, California

U. S. Reports

March 17, 1969

IBM may soon plunge (without splash)into the 'third-plus' generation
It's expected to unveil some computers that will carry 360 designations
but feature ultrafast buffer memories and probably more monolithic IC's

The computer industry's third generation is less than five years old,having first seen the light of day
on April 7, 1964, when the International Business Machines Corp.
introduced its System 360. At thattime, IBM hoped the new breed
would last for 10 years at least—if
for no other reason than to sparethe company another set of labor
pains for at least that long.
Many observers in the industry
seem to think the third generation
still has some time left, and indeed
that the idea of "generations" ofcomputers isn't a valid concept
anymore [Electronics, Jan. 6, p.
131]. For all that, though, IBM itself appears set on taking anotherplunge; it's expected to bring out
some new computers sometime
this year. It's said to have at least
two machines ready now, awaiting
only the appropriate moment forannouncement.
The new processors will reflect
what IBM learned the hard way
through its experience with the360. They'll make extensive use of"firmware" in easily interchangeable read-only memories, or perhaps electrically alterable readonly memories. And by retaining
compatibility with the present 360
line, IBM hopes to bypass the extraordinary difficulties it has had

with software for the 360's. [Electronics, July 11, 1966, p. 129; August 22, 1966, p. 149].
Don't make waves. Perhaps themost interesting aspect of the situation is IBM's determination to introduce its new machines one ata time instead of all at once, as
it did with the 360. The tidal wave
created by the 360 unveiling very
nearly capsized IBM along with its
competition. This fact alone is sufficient to squelch any talk at IBM
about afourth generation except interms of evolution.
IBM will probably retain the 360
title for these machines, and simply intersperse new model numberswith those it already has. Numbers such as 35, 45, 55 might beapplied to the smaller models; atthe top of the line it already has
a 65, a 75, and an 85—and a 67.
These designations would probably
upset RCA, whose 360-compatible
Spectra 70 computers already comein models 35, 45, and 55.
One thing the new machines almost certainly will have, especiallythe larger versions, is a buffer
memory in front of the main memory, making the latter look as if
all of it—perhaps millions of words—is as fast as the former-100 nanoseconds or less. This approachtakes advantage of the fact thataccess to so-called random-accessmemories is hardly ever random,
but uses the same few locations
over and over again for a while,then switches to a few nearby locations one at a time.
IBM's interest in this approachis indicated by a number of moreor less isolated factors. The company first tried it out on an old
7000 series computer, reporting theresults at the Spring Joint Computer Conference in 1967. It's now
been implemented in the System
360/85, and its utility in connection with magnetic disk files has
been explored. The disk-file work
was described at the IFIP Congress
68 in Edinburgh, Scotland, lastsummer. And the company has indirectly denied any interest inplated-wire memories [Electronics,
Oct. 14, 1968, p. 33], thus separating itself from several dozen otherorganizations that are actively investigating, developing, or producing these units.
Word to the wise. To top it off,
an IBM spokesman at last month's
International Solid State Circuits
Conference in Philadelphia was
asked if the use of abuffer memory in the model 85 was an isolated case, so far as IBM was concerned. He replied, "No, it's not
isolated," and shrugged his shoul-

4.44.144141.41 P11110111111
11111M11111111111MI
111.11111011111111111111111111111111
1111111111111111111111
Electronics

March 17, 1969

51

U.S. Reports
ders—as if to say that if he told
everything he knew about buffer
memories at IBM, well ....
The buffer memory in the model
85 represents one of IBM's larger
leaps into monolithic integrated
circuitry. It had previously introduced such IC's in small quantities
and with little fanfare in its model
25, and had substituted them fora few hybrid microcircuits in its
model 44. Much of the development work on the individual chipsthat make up the buffer memory
was done by Texas Instruments,
which also quite possibly is manufacturing some or all of the chips
for IBM.
It's known that TI has a plantof quite respectable size at Sherman, Texas, of which alarge portion—one estimate says 25,000
square feet—is devoted to emittercoupled logic. According to thisestimate, the space is occupied by
600 girls in three shifts assemblingand packaging IC's. Obviously, not
all this production capacity is for
IBM; though the model 85 is alarge computer, the buffer memoryis physically only a small part ofit, and the production rate for thecomputer itself, which contains
mostly hybrid circuits, wouldn't
call for such a large volume.
It's even open to question
whether the buffer memory is anemitter-coupled circuit. Memories
don't usually employ such sophisticated designs. Although IBM publicly described much of the storage's design and operation at lastsummer's IEEE Computer Conference in Los Angeles and at the
ISSCC, it's still closemouthed about
what the storage element looks
like.
Sifting the clues. But the memory, which operates at an 80-nsec
cycle time in the model 85, is capable of 60-nsec cycling, according to the IsSCC paper, and has a
40-nsec access time. From the moment of initial selection until therise of an output, the signal has
to pass through 10 transistors, notcounting those in the storage cell
itself. This puts the individual transistor delay definitely in the ECLball park. The decoding and sensing circuits shown by IBM at Philadelphia weren't ECL; only the52

storage element remains amystery.
Buffer memories in any new IBM
line wouldn't necessarily all be
ECL, or even monolithic, but it'sa good bet that the company will
go more heavily into monolithic
this time around than it did before. In fact, there are people inand out of IBM who think the company regrets its decision to go thehybrid route with the original 360.
This decision was based on an estimation made some seven or eight
years ago that monolithic circuits
wouldn't be available in time tomeet the 360 schedule.
Because of the Justice Department's pending suit against it, thefirm is certain to be much closer
to a deliverable product if andwhen it announces one than it has
been in the past.
Historically, IBM has completed
its engineering tests and whatamounts to an ax-and-sledge-hammer test before announcing any
new machine. The latter test, performed by an internal organization
independent of áll engineering departments, is intended to certifythat the machine does indeed live
up to its specifications, and that itmeets all structural and safety requirements. It's also carried out on
the first machine off the production line and on asampling of subsequent machines, and it's largely
responsible for IBM's reputation
for reliability.
Paper machine. But at least
twice during the career of the 360,
IBM has stuck its neck out and announced a machine that was only
on paper. The first time was rightafter General Electric won a contract from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Project
MAC; IBM announced its models
64 and 66 for time-sharing (since
superseded by the model 67) withalmost comic haste.
Later, to counter Control Data's
success with its 6600 computer,
IBM brought out the model 90 series, with enough hedging—it nevergot into the salesman's book, forexample—to suggest that the machine was really only aspecial engineering product rather than aproduction machine. Eventually,
the company withdrew the series,
explaining rather lamely that it had"met its original marketing objectives," whatever that means.

Companies
Hogan, phase two
After six moilths of tinkering andreorganization, C. Lester Hogan
figures that Fairchild Semiconductor is ready to fly. To expand production facilities, he has alreadycommitted $20 million for 1969,
and this month he sent out achallenge to the industry: "By the endof the year we will stand toe-to-toe
with anyone in the world and slug
it out on the basis of price."
Hogan, who is president of theparent, Fairchild Camera and Instrument, is still devoting most of
his energies to the Semiconductor
division, which he also heads. But
he indicated this month that phase
one of his reconstruction plan—"cleaning up our delinquencies andsolving our logistical problems"—
is over, and phase two has begun.
"We are ready to take advantage ofour technology and put it into largescale production," he said.
Last year, Fairchild sorely taxed
its engineering and production departments by carrying out apledge
to introduce one new product a
week for 52 weeks. The campaign
was viewed with some glee by the

C. Lester Hogan
Ready to slug it out on priceElectronics

March 17, 1969

U.S. Reports
company's competitors (including
the present management team when
it was at Motorola's Semiconductor
Products division), because Fairchild was tying itself in knots withadvanced technology while othercompanies concentrated on grabbing mass markets.
New tactic. Yet Hogan is now
ready to embark on anew productcampaign that puts last year's inthe shade. In order to avoid comparisons with last year, the company will not promote it this way.
But in 1969 Fairchild will introduce
a new product for every working
day—nearly 300 in all.
"Of course," cautions group marketing director Douglas O'Connor,"there are new products, and products that are new to the company."
Fairchild will second-source cheerfully. More than 250 of the new
products will be discrete components, produced in an attempt toshare in amarket that Fairchild had
almost abandoned. Some, though,will be in the advanced fields ofsemiconductor memories, complex
metal oxide semiconductor circuits,
medium-scale integrated circuits,
and gallium arsenide displays.
O'Connor reiterates that Fairchild will not second-source the entire Texas Instruments series 54/74
line of transistor-transistor logic,
but will be selective and make a
few simple gates and flip flops. For

George Scalise
Likely to succeed at Fairchild
Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Among the Navajo"I thought the Shiprock plant was one of Bob Noyce's philanthropies
until Iwent there," said C. Lester Hogan after a visit to Fairchild's
facility on a New Mexico Navajo reservation. But Hogan was so
impressed with what he saw there that his first move on returning toheadquarters was to write an enthusiastic three-page memo praisingplant manager Pau] Driscoll and ordering even greater expansion of
the Shiprock plant than had been planned.
Hogan was tickled personally by the humor of the Indians, which
manifested itself by one worker pasting a Motorola batwing emblem
over his Fairchild badge, and by the action of agroup of supervisors
who, knowing of Hogan's disdain for clock-watchers, arose and walked
away from their desks en masse when an alarm sounded at five o'clock.
But he was even more taken with the work being turned out by the
Navajos. Driscoll is the only non-Indian in the plant, which has grownfrom 300 employees to 1,000 since last September. Fairchild will therefore erect another building at Shiprock, and Hogan says he may evenbuild new housing for the workers if he can think of away to avoid
the stigma attached to acompany town.

"We have control of the operation
now. We can predict what will happen next month. Back in January,
Important man. Much of the re- Iwasn't sure that we could makestructuring that has enabled Hogan it; it almost seemed that there wereto view the future so cheerfully has too many problems to get them all
been performed by George Scalise, solved. But now we're over thegroup director of manufacturing hump; the customers don't know
services. The vagueness of that it yet, but by April, they'll be sendtitle belies Scalise's importance. It ing me bouquets."
To take care of the increased
is Scalise who centralized production control, oversaw Fairchild's production and engineering, Fairswitch from a plant-oriented to a child has been expanding furiously.
product-oriented company, and re- Hogan has added between 400 andorganized the production-control 500 overhead employees at the
information system. (And it is Sca- Mountain View, Calif., headquarlise who is the current favorite in ters since arriving on the scene.
the speculation over who will suc- For a time, he was shopping forceed Hogan as head of the division semiconductor facilities like atourwhen Hogan abandons that post.) ist in the Paris Flea Market (andIt is the computer-operated in- finding as few bargains). Now Fairformation system that has given child has decided to expand faciliScalise the most difficulty. "The ties at Shiprock, N.M.; Hong Kong;
hardware and software for man- and Seoul, Korea, and to build newagement information systems exist, plants in Singapore and in Wiesbut they are outdistancing our abil- baden, Germany. To ease the presity to implement them," he notes. ent pinch it is assembling linear
One way Fairchild is attacking the circuits in Tijuana, Mexico—in a
problem this year is with a major different plant but in the same city
program on computer terminals, to that it pulled out of only last spring.
provide inputs at various production stages. But Scalise says thatthe quality of information has already improved; he measures it in Avionics
terms of how many times the company has had to reschedule orders
Complex monitoringand says, "If you assigned it avalue of four last year, it's now In most aircraft integrated data sysless than two."tems (AIDS), the signal conditioners
Over the hump. Says Hogan: are time-shared, each looking at acomplex functions, Fairchild issticking with its own 9000 line of53

i- epor ts

number of test points in sequence.
Analog switching routes a sensor
signal into the conditioner, where
it's digitized and stored either ontape for later analysis by agroundcomputer or in an onboard digitalcomputer.
Individual signal conditioners
for each test point haven't beenused in AIDS because it has been
too expensive to put upwards of
300 conditioners in a plane. But
engineers at RCA's Electromagnetic
and Aviation Systems division willpropose just such a system to the
Air Force for the upcoming competition for the instruments in the
C-141 transport—a system able tomonitor 300 to 400 test points. The
request for proposals is expected
this month.
James Burnett, staff engineeringscientist at the RCA facility in Van
Nuys, Calif., believes the firm's
ability to develop a system thatwill be competitively priced withother AIDS units—even though it
uses far more signal conditioners—
revolves around RCA's microelectronics know-how.
A typical signal conditioner module has two custom medium-scale
integrated chips mounted on aceramic thick-film substrate bearing
the passive components and somediscrete devices. Each chip contains four high-performance operational amplifiers, with each op amp
made up of 30 to 35 active elements.
In house. The MSI devices aredesigned in Van Nuys, including
mask making, and Burnett says

they can easily be worked into the
production stream at RCA's Somerville, N.J., site. The thick-film portions of the hybrid circuits are fabricated at Van Nuys. There's noneed to go outside RCA for devices—a factor that contributes to substantially reduced signal conditioner costs, Burnett maintains.
He says solid state switching
isn't used in more conventional
systems, in which signal conditioners are time shared, because
the switch resistance is too highand drastically disturbs signal calibration. Reed relays are used inthese other systems because of
their lower resistance, but they
are less reliable than solid stateswitches. Reed relays have anotherdrawback: it is possible to interconnect two prime aircraft circuits,
distorting data on them if they aremeasurement circuits.
The RCA system that will be proposed for the C-141 accommodates
up to 512 signal conditioners-128
in each of four acquisition units.
It has a central electronics unit
which includes acore memory that
performs the addressing function,scanning 100 input signals per second. If there's an onboard computer, its memory would do the addressing. Data collected from thesensors is relayed either to an onboard computer or to a 5-minuteloop recorder, which can double asa crash recorder. Detailed fault
data can be dumped onto an incremental recorder for ground computer analysis rather than being
erased when the 5-minute tape

ELECTRICAL
FUEL SYSTEMHYDRAULICSCONTROLPANEL
INTERLOCKSCONTROLSELECTRONICS
AVIONICSDATA LINKPOWER PLANTS

CENTRAL CONTROL
Flight plan. RCA's proposed aircraft integrated data system (AIDS)
for the C-141. Unit would monitor 300 to 400 test points.
g a.

reaches its end and starts the cycle
again. Faults are isolated down to
the line-replaceable unit level.
Besides getting rid of reed-relay
switching, the one-test-point, onesignal-conditioner concept also allows any time constant to be put
into a conditioner. An AIDS system using time-shared conditioners
must process the signal and any
noise present, digitize it, and store
it all in about four milliseconds,
then switch to the next signal it
must process. In the RCA scheme,a longer time constant filters out
aircraft noise.
Error free. Burnett says accuracy
is further enhanced by converting
the input signal into a stream ofpulses in the signal conditioner. In
this pulse train, a zero voltage isrepresented by 25 pulses returnedto the central electronic unit. A
full-scale signal, which may be as
low as 30 millivolts d-c or as highas 40 volts a-c, is represented by
1,028 pulses. "This way," says
Burnett, "If a noise spike wipes
out afew pulses, there's no greatloss in accuracy. While in asystemthat uses a binary-coded decimal
form for the return signal, you canhave as much as 90% error if a
spike wipes out a few bits in aneight-bit word." The RCA techniqueconverts the signal to computercompatible binary-coded decimal
form in the central electronics unit,
where it's isolated from aircraft
noise.
Each signal conditioner is continually putting out its pulse train.
However, only when the core memory of the central electronics or the
on-board computer memory sends
the address of a given data point
is apulse train let out and into thecomputer or the central electronics
unit. This is done by closing asolidstate switch after the proper test
point address has been determinedby adecoder in the unit, and thisis the only switching done in the
RCA technique.
That input signal might be, forexample, the rpm rate for an engine
alternator. Acceptable levels forthat rpm rate are programed into
the memory. If the input signal isout of tolerance, it will be stored
in the incremental recorder for latercomputer analysis when the plane
Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Honeywell is out to clear the air
in alot of dirty businesses.

Stale smoke, dust, grease particles, pollen and other airborne filth
are the enemies of all businessmen,from restaurant managers to machine
shop operators. So, Honeywell has developed a new business machine that fits into
your heating or cooling system and removes up
to 95% of the impurities from the circulating air.
We call our self-washing electronic air cleaner abusiness machine because we sell it on a very business-like basis.
IT CAN SAVE YOU MONEY.
In a retail business, the relationship between cleaner air, lessmaintenance, cleaner merchandise (or food) and more customers
is pretty obvious. But it's hard to measure. So, here's a more measurable saving that applies to any type of business.
Business machine cuts heating, cooling, ventilating costs.
Any ventilation system uses outside air—often polluted. A regularventilating system must run almost continuously to replace stale
inside air with only partially filtered outside air—a substantial operating expense. The Honeywell Electronic Air Cleaner cleans andreuses more inside air ...the air you've already heated or cooled.
That's a saving anyone can measure.
No maintenance on the machine, either. After it cleans the air,it cleans itself ,... automatically. Businessmen don't need more maintenance problems.
If you'd like to know more about Honeywell's new businessmachine, the self-washing electronic air cleaner, just mail the coupon. If we can't make a businessman's case for saving you money,
we'll just leave quietly.
Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

1

Mail to:Honeywell. Dept. 118
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55408
I'm interested in more information about your
Automatic Wash Electronic Air Cleaner.
Please send new brochure.
Please have a representative call.
NameBusiness_

Address...._
City
State

ZIp

Honeywell
AUTOMATION

Circle 55 on reader service card

55

U.S. Reports

24
MILLISECS
IS THEVERY
FASTEST ...

...If you are talking about
automatic diode testing.
Burns & Towne makes an AUTOMATIC DIODE TESTSYSTEM of advanced designthat will set conditions, run atest series, and classify I
0
PRV categories in 24 millisecs.
It's the fastest, and most important it is faster than any
mechanical probes or handlers.
Add to this flexibility in theform of plug-in modules, reliability in the form of solidstate switching, and a rangeof 0 to 500 v. and 0 to I
amp. and you have the finest
production test system fordiodes available.

ip
56

BURNS Fa TOVVNE INC.
SYSTEMS DIVISION 18-36 Granite St
Haverhill, Mass. 01830, Tel (617) 373-1333

Circle 56 on reader service card

lands to determine whether the alternator should be replaced or repaired. The incremental recorderalso stores a good deal of data
about each flight leg—takeoff, climb,
cruise, for example—so that even
if no faults are dumped into it fromthe loop recorder, a good deal oftrend information is gathered aboutaircraft performance that's usefulfor longer-term maintenance scheduling.
Stiff competition. Burnett says
the RCA system lends itself easily
to retrofitting existing aircraft circuitry, even though that circuitry
was not designed with an AIDS system in mind "because the signal
conditioners have enough input impedance upstream of the shorting
point so that we don't compromise
the aircraft circuitry." He feels thisshould enhance RCA's chances in
the C-141 competition, which will
be stiff and should include suchfirms
asGarrett
AiResearch,
Hughes Aircraft, Lockheed Electronics (teamed with Lockheed Aircraft Service), Teledyne, General
Electric, and possibly Conrac.
RCA has developed 13 kinds ofsignal conditioners to accommodate
the variety of voltage levels on aircraft sensor inputs. Burnett says
the calculated mean-time-betweenfailure for a conditioner is almost
2 million hours.

Manufacturing
Checking for leaks
Standard
hermeticity tests ofmetal- or ceramic-packaged integrated circuits effectively weed out
leaky assemblies. Unfortunately,
however, such checks often flunk
IC's that are perfectly good. In fact,
an engineering team at North American Rockwell's Science Centerhas found that in a typical testbatch as many as 60% of the IC's
are incorrectly rejected. But theNorth American researchers believe such spotty testing will soon
be a thing of the past. They've
developed a machine that is 100
times more accurate in weedingout leaky IC's.
A prototype will be shown at

the IEEE Show next week in New
York by Navan Inc., the special
products subsidiary of North American that will market it. It differsfrom conventional leak detectors
on two counts. It can cull out grossor fine leakers with one test—aprocess that requires two separate
checks in standard machines.
Moreover, it tests devices without
submitting them to the often degrading effects of hot glycol immersion—used to look for bubbles
indicating gross leaks—or highpressure helium tests to weed out
fine leakers.
In the most widely used fineleak detectors, the packaged parts
are first subjected to pressures of
60 to 65 pounds per square inchfor one to four hours to force helium into the package, which had
been filled with dry nitrogen,through any leaks that may exist.
Then they are placed in a massspectrometer helium detector. Anda vacuum is created so that any
escaping helium shows up.
Finding fault. Raymond Meyer,amember of the technical staff at
the science center and inventor of
the new hermeticity tester, saysthat if there is too much delay ingetting devices out of the highpressure helium capsule and into
the vacuum, the helium can diffuse
through the package. If this happens, none will be left to detectand a faulty part might pass.
"Now assume a device has
passed the fine-leak test," Meyer
continues. "It's then plunged into
glycol at 125° to 150°C andchecked for bubbles. But air entrainment between IC leads canoccur," Meyer says, "and the bubble formed outside the package
will expand with temperature justas a leak bubble will." This misleading bubble in gross-leak testing is what causes good packages
to be rejected.
In the North American machine,
the device to be tested is supported
in a small chamber. A piston thencomes down over the chamber cavity, enclosing it. Most of the remaining air in the chamber iscleared out in athree-second sweep
cycle by pumping helium throughthe chamber; it's then vented.
Discriminating. After the sweep
Electronics

March 17, 1969

ACTUAL SIZE

1101,g8
I'llr Dry Circuit to 1Amp.

U Welded or Soldered
Babcock's Model BRIO 1/6-size
crystal can relay packs a lot of performance in a small package. Its
unique universal contacts give you"non-stop" operation from dry circuit to 1 amp...one subminiature
relay to meet all your requirements
for high-density circuit-board applications—at no cost premium.
You'll find that this small, versatile,
DPDT unit has everything. Designed
to specification MIL-R-5757, it features rugged unitized construction
for increased shock and vibration
resistance. Both soldered or welded
versions are offered. Regular andgold-plated plug-in, solder-hook,and long-lead terminal styles areavailable, in standard circuit-board
grid pattern, with arange of mounting types.
The Model BR10 has a record ofdependability, attested by its provenconformance to MIL-R-5757 andspecified use in programs requiring
operation under the most severe environmental extremes. Built-in
reliability, outstanding performance, application flexibility.. allassurances that your relay is better
because it's Babcock.
Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

1/6-Size Relay
Model BRIO

Universal Contacts

The Babcock Model BR10 relay has
proven its reliability in avariety ofaerospace and commercial avionics
applications. Its subminiature size
makes it ideal for single and multirelay circuit-board installations. In
fact, a brace of four BR10's has
been found to take less board spacethan asimilar group TO-5 units. You
get efficient high-density packaging,plus full 1-amp. capability.

DPDT

To MIL-R-5757

SPECIFICATIONS

1amp. @ 28 VDC
max.
Pull-In Power
100 mw
Bounce Time2ms., max.
Shock
50 g's (11 ms.)
Vibration
30 g's, 38-2000 Hz
Operating Temp... —65 °Cto -1-125°C
Life
100,000 operations, min.
Contact Rating

Operate/Release Time.. 3.5 ms.,

Get complete information on theversatile, subminiature Model BRIO
today... contact Babcock Electronics Corp., Relays Division,
Subsidiary of Esterline Corp.,. 3501
Harbor Blvd., Costa Mesa, Calif.
92626. CALL COLLECT (714) 5401234 or TVVX 910-595-1517.
Available off-The-Shelf fromAVNET, POWELL or PDQ.

Need 2-amp. performance? The
Model BR10 will operate dependably at 2 amps. (28 VDC), through
100,000 operations, in the temperature range —65 °C to +125 °C. Contact our Applications EngineeringGroup for further

Challenging opportunities now exist
at Babcock for experienced relayswitch engineers.

Circle 57 on reader service card

57

U.S. Reports

3ways to prevent
numerals from"spotting" at 55°C.
Fill with freon...
keep in shade...
or specify Datavue*
IndicatorTubes.
All Datavue tubes are rigorously
tested to meet commercial and military specifications, produced for
200,000 hours of reliable operation.
U.S.-made, they can cost less than
$3.95 each.
Datavue tubes feature: straight,
stiff leads for fast insertion; fully
formed, high-brightness characters;
rated for strobing operation; wide
range of alphanumerics, decimals,
special characters. More than 40 different sockets, including right-angle
types, are available.
Call your Raytheon distributor or
sales office. Raytheon Company, Industrial Components Operation,
Quincy, Mass. 02169.
*Trademark of Raytheon Company

RAYTHEON
58

Circle 58 on reader service card

cycle, gas is again pumped into thechamber. Any foreign gas leaking
from the package—whether nitrogen or oxygen—is swept into thechamber, mixes with the helium,
and is carried to a detector plate—a negatively charged collector
coupled to a field effect transistor
amplifier. The helium is energizedin the detector, ionizing any nitrogen or oxygen molecules thatleaked from the package, and thecollector attracts the positively
charged leak gases. The detector
is set to see only the current associated with the ionized particles,
not the current of energetic helium
molecules.
The FET amplifier then boosts
the current to a level that can beboth recorded on astrip chart andused to trigger an alarm bell ora red light when a rapid releaseof a foreign gas indicates a grossleak.
A fine leak is detected by examining the strip chart to determine
how much time is required for thesignal to return to its zero state(0.3 millivolt is assumed to be thezero level of the gas—a state inwhich no ionized nitrogen or oxygen is present). If the reading
doesn't return to the zero state
quickly, the package is rejected asa fine leaker. A little foreign gas
might be detected at the outset
of a test run of a good device because of incomplete sweeping of
the test fixture. But if the package
doesn't leak, the detector quickly
shows the gas returned to the zerostate.
Meyer says conventional massspectrometer fine-leak detection
and the gross-leak bubble test takeabout three minutes; the North
American Machine does both in
45 seconds. Company officials expect the machine to cost less thanmass-spectrometer leak detectors,
but aprice hasn't been set yet.

Space electronics
Waiting for ERTS
Companies anxiously watching theirmailboxes for the requests for proposals on NASA's Earth Resources

Technology Satellite (ERTS) will
have to wait some more. Given theinformal word earlier that the requests would be out by mid-February, bidders who would like todesign the demonstration satellite
have now learned that it will be
mid-March. By now, however, companies should be getting used to
waiting.
Despite the great show of interest by prospective users in flying
such a spacecraft at the earliest
possible time, NASA hasn't moved
with much speed. In fact, Rep.
Joseph E. Karth (D., Minn.) has
bitterly attacked the agency for"foot dragging and the setting up
of straw men and ridiculous yardsticks." Karth, chairman of theHouse Space Science and Applications Subcommittee, maintains thatNASA has resisted unmanned spacecraft development, and that as long
ago as 1964 it adopted the policythat earth resources experiments
would be carried out as part of themanned spaceflight program.
Three months. Karth says thissituation "stems from the parochialinterests at NASA where bureaucratic empires are being built." Hesays he'll also "watch closely" forany interagency rivalry between
NASA and the Departments of Agriculture and the Interior, which had
tried to push their Earth Resources
Satellite in 1966.
The request due next month isfrom Goddard Space Flight Centerfor combined project-definition anddetailed design studies. Asked
about the latest delay, one NASA
official said, "It just took time to getuser agencies to agree on the work
statement and specifications." NASA
had talked of getting fabrication of
the spacecraft started by June ofthis year.
Once the studies are awarded,
the companies picked will have
only about three months to complete them. Said one veteran spacevehicles engineer. "I've never heardof only athree-month detailed design phase." What this tight timetable means is that NASA wants to
get up a demonstration spacecraft
as quickly and cheaply as possible;a modified design of an existing
spacecraft would probably be used.
The agency hopes to launch ERTS-A
Electronics

March 17, 1969

FOR ALL YOU FAITHFUL USERS
OF FAIRCHILD MICROWAVETRANSISTORS...
AMODEST REWARD:

j50

H50

S-PARAMETERS
Now all

Fairchild microwave devices comethoroughly characterized by s-parameters. Circuitdesign is easier and faster with scattering parameters (reflection and transmission characteristics)
because you can predict exactly what the devices
will do in your linear circuits. No "glitches", nosurprises. You'll spend a lot less time on yourdrawing board. And a lot less time tweaking breadboards. Your Fairchild salesman can give you thewhole story. Or write for our brochure, "Fairchild
Microwave Transistors/S-Parameters."
FAIRCHII—C!
SEMICONDUCTORFAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTORA Division of Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation

Electronics jMarch 17, 1969

Mountain View, California 94040 (415) 962-5011

TWX: 910-379-6435

Circle 59 on reader service card

59

U.S. Reports

3ways to insert
indicator tube
leads efficiently.

First, hammer them
flat...or presswith flatiron...
or specify Datavue*
Indicator Tubes.
All Datavue tubes have straight,
stiff leads for fast, accurate insertion...to save hours of assembly time.
U.S.-made Datavue tubes can costless than $3.95 each. Rigorously tested,
they're produced for 200,000 hours of
reliable operation.
Datavue tubes feature: fully
formed, high-brightness characters;
rated for strobing operation; wide
range of alphanumerics, decimals,
special characters. More than 40 different sockets, including right-angle
types, are available.
Call your Raytheon distributor or
sales office. Raytheon Company, Industrial Components Operation,
Quincy, Mass. 02169.
*Trademark of Raytheon Company

60

Circle 60 on reader service cardin late 1971 or early 1972, and thesecond model ayear later.
It now looks as if three companies will be selected by NASA to
do definition and design under parallel awards of about $200,000 each.
Ground rules. According to one
spacecraft designer, the budget andtime scale rule against a new design.
But at least one company feels
differently. Robert H. Stivers, manager of unmanned space systems at
North American Rockwell's Spacedivision in Downey, Calif., says,"Our feeling is that it won't be a
Nimbus, Tiros-M, or an ATS ,(Applications Technology Satellite)." Thedivision, anewcomer to the satellite
business, is redefining aspacecraftspecifically for the earth resources
mission. Engineers at some competing companies, particularly thosewith existing spacecraft designs,
say North American hasn't got achance this time around. However,
Leonard Jaffe, director of NASA's
space applications programs, won't
rule out a new spacecraft design.
But cost will be the most importantfactor in picking the ERTS builder.
A 500-nautical-mile circular polar
orbit looks firm. In the orbit, thespacecraft will photograph a 100mile swath with minimum image
distortion and cover the globe every
two to four weeks. Hughes may beplanning to bid its ATS, but the required resolution for photography
can't be obtained at ATS's synchronous orbit.
The three front runners for thestudies at this point appear to be
General Electric, RCA, and TRW
Systems. This is because all three
have been hard at work on the program for up to two years. All build
sensors and have a data management analytical capability. And perhaps more important, all three havea spacecraft design applicable tothe mission: TRW with its orbiting
Geophysical Laboratory, GE with
Nimbus, and RCA with Tiros-M.
Other companies that may bid include Boeing with its Lunar Orbiter, Ball Bros. Research, with its
Orbiting Solar Observatory, andLockheed Missiles and Space.
No matter which spacecraft contractor is selected, ERTS will carry
three 2-inch return-beam vidicons

to be built by RCA. Each will besensitive to a different frequency:
two in the visible and one in thenear-infrared to 0.8 micron. The
spacecraft will also carry two videotape recorders, also to be built by
RCA, and a data-collection system.
Still being considered are an opticaland infrared scanner and amicrowave scatterometer.
Minimum lifetime. Data management on an operational Earth Resources Satellite program is thepacing element in the technology.
The communications problem goesup four orders of magnitude fromthat of current meteorology satellites, says Eric S. Burnett, an engineer at TRW's sensor systems laboratory. On-board storage will behandled by the videotape recorders,which will then dump the data via
an S-band communications link to
two 85-foot ground dishes. Lifetimeof the recorder will be about 200
days; after that, transmission ofdata will be in real time only. The
spacecraft will be required to haveaminimum lifetime of one year.
The ERTS program will havesome money for ground support,says Jaffe, but he indicates that it
would be a minimum program.
"We're going to get pictures in thehands of user experts so they candetermine what they will need froman operational system." A major
data center on the ground to handle
earth resources data is really down
the line abit, he adds.
As amultipurpose satellite in the
R&D phase, ERTS should enable
users to determine their needs foran operational system. Karth seesan operational earth resources satellite by 1977 and he believes there
could be several single-purpose
earth resources satellites. Each
Government agency could be flying
its own satellite, designed specifically to send back the data requiredby the individual user.

Communications
GE vs. AT&T
Everyone in the communications

and electronics business these days
wants to cash in on the communiElectronics IMarch 17, 1969

1111111A 1111M111
NIP
la III
14

1111

ale

a

all6r

IVA-burl!

-Zbe,s‘ Xxu,%.4e;àu%\ -uavz.X\uu ec«\-ccsucwa
Radiation offers the circuit designer two orders ofmagnitude improvement in hardening levels overconventional PN junction devices. This is accomplished by dielectric isolation, thin-film resistors overoxide, small-device geometries, shallow diffusions
and other special design techniques. So when you
pick the Best IC for a radiation environment application, doesn't it make sense to come to the leader
in hardened circuit technology?
Our line of defense consists of 930 series DTL, alevel shifter, a line driver and a linear 709. These
are not prototype circuits. We can deliver Dual 4
Input; Dual 4 Input Power or Triple 3 Input Gates;
Clocked Flip-Flop; Dual 4 Input Buffer; Dual Level
Shifter; Dual Line Driver and 709 Operational Amplifiers. With the exception of the Dual Level Shifterand Dual Line Driver, all are plug-in replacements
for their non-hardened 930 Series and 709 counterparts. The Hardened Dual Line Driver is apin-for-pin
replacement for Radiation's standard RD 209 Line
Driver.
Want more information? Contact your nearest
Radiation Sales Representative. He'll give you complete details and help you pick the Best IC for the Job.

WE MAKE THE'Uï\çeFOR THE JOBr)

See these circuits at IEEE

Booth 4-H 19-21

RADIATION
/N

C s O

R

RORATE0SUBSIDIARY OF HARRIS INTER TYPE CORPORATIONMICROELECTRONICS DIVISIONRADIATION SALES OFFICES: P. 0. Box 476. Lexington, Mass. 02173, 16171862-1055 •600 Old Country Road, Garden City. N.Y. 11530, 15161 747-3730 •2600 Virginia Aye. NW., Washington, D.C. 20037. 12021 337-4914 •6151 W. Century
Blvd. Los Angeles, Calif. 90045, 12131 670.5432 •Saratoga, Calif., 14081 253.5058 •P. O. Box 37, Melbourne, Ra. 32901,13051 n7.5430 •International Sales: Marketing Department, P. 0. Box 37, Melbourne, Fla. 32901. 13051 727-5412

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Circle 61 on reader service card

61

U.S. Reports-A
3ways to keep
indicator tube
orders fromdrifting at sea.

Insist on delivery
by rocket.. .submarine...
or choose U.S.-madeDatavue* Tubes.
Raytheon offers you prompt deliveries of Datavue tubes and fast
turn-around service on all custom
alphanumeric, decimal, and special
character orders. Tubes are U.S.made, can cost less than $3.95 each.
All Datavue tubes are produced for
200,000 hours of reliable operation.
They feature: straight, stiff leads forfast insertions; fully formed, highbrightness characters for accurate
reading; rated for strobing operation.
More than 40 different sockets, including right-angle types, are available.
Call your Raytheon distributor or
sales office. Raytheon Company, Industrial Components Operation,
Quincy, Mass. 02169.
*Trademark of Raytheon Company

RAYTHEON
62

Circle 62 on reader service card

GE says that it would, of course,
cations satellite business. But with
the Communications Satellite Corp. be willing to sell the operator oftaking care of all U.S. interests such a system its communications
abroad, the only opening still wait- hardware. But the company says
ing for takers is the domestic satel- its main purpose in making the
proposal is that its own corporate
lite business.
That's why there was surprise at communications cost is soaring.
The domestic satellite system
the Federal Communications Commission recently when General might turn out to be away for all
Electric walked in with adramatic business and industry to cut downplan for adomestic satellite system, on its communications cost. The
but disavowed any interest in set- FCC will make its decision known
by the end of the year.
ting it up.
In doing this, GE was directly
challenging another corporate giant:American Telephone & Telegraph.
Both companies are major manuFor the record
facturers of electronic equipment
and providers of communications
New product. Much to their disservices—AT&T with its phone serv- appointment, users of communicaice, and GE with its computer time- tions-oriented computers often findsharing operations.
that they can only utilize 20% toUpmanship. Usually, the giants 50% of their machine's capacityof the business fight quietly, with- for processing; the rest is taken up
out fanfare and in closely guarded with sorting input and output data
language. This time, however, GE coming from atangle of communicame in with brass knuckles.
cations lines. So with this in mind,
GE told the FCC that it should
Comcet Inc., of St. Paul, Minn.,authorize a "competitive alterna- plans to build and sell anew comtive" to AT&T. The "alternative" puter designed specifically to hanshould supply data, record (writ- dle this communications input andten), and video service in compe- output problem.
tition with AT&T. The proposal
Comcet 60, as the new machine
alluded to the benefits of competi- is called, comprises acentral proction, and the implication was clear:essor, interface modules connected
the buyer should have achoice be- to the communications lines, adapttween communications services. GE ers connected to the "native" comdid not say who the supplier of the puter—either an IBM 360 or aservice should be, but Comsat Univac 1108—a console, a control
would seem to fit the description.
panel, and asystem activity moniThe FCC is obviously interested tor.
in the GE plan. The commission
The central processor contains aallowed GE's proposals to be con- 900-nanosecond memory, expandsidered as a "late filing" in an al- able from 32,768 to 131,072 bytes
ready closed docket. And early thisof eight bits each; the processor
month Commission Chairman Rosel works with 32-bit words. Also included are 16 general-purpose regHyde told the Senate communications subcommittee that the corn- isters, four input-output channels,
and 64 full-duplex (capable ofmissioners want to look into GE's
plan before ruling on how domestic operations in both directions) communications channels with speeds
satellites should be handled.
The proposal outlined by GE may up to 230,400 bits per second.
Comcet, asubsidiary of Comress
be aboon to business and industry.
First of all, the plan calls for "tele- Inc., aWashington, D.C. softwareand consulting firm, will sell its
mail" service that would flash business-to-business correspondence at machine for between $150,000 and$250,000 depending on the number
lower rates than the Post Office;provide data circuits for links be- of lines it can handle.
tween computers, and between
Tuning colors. Researchers atcomputers and remote terminals,
Stanford University have develand serve as avideo link for busioped a3-megawatt ruby laser thatness conferences.
Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

NeverbeforeA vertical reactor specifically designed forsilane epitaxy and passivation depositions
Our new AMV Series also does everything any other epitaxial reactor does,
only with more control and broader use
capabilities. The electronic and mechanical designs incorporated into this seriesof reactors are surpassed only by thequality of the CVD capabilities now at thedisposal of semiconductor manufac-

turers. No other equipment manufacturer
even offers Silane epitaxial capability; wehave perfected it.
Capacitie up to twenty-one 2"
diameter wafers: write for complete
information. Call collect for immediate
requirements.

A

applied materials
Applied Materials Technology, Inc. 2999 San Ysidro Way
Santa Clara, California 95051 (408) 738-0600 TWX: 910-339-9258
BOOTH #4K25-27 FOURTH FLOOR I.E.E.E. AT THE COLISEUMElectronics

March 17, 1969

Circle 63 on reader service card

63

U.S. Reports

NEW
UNIVERSAL
TYPE

IMPEDANCE BRIDGEMODEL ZB-2

10 Single null
detector for both AC
and DC measurements.
Eliminates "electron
ray" or "eye" tube.

0 AC and DC null
detector characteristics programmed
from front panel.

10 In-line readout for DQ and
CLR for faster reading andhigher accuracy.
• The MODEL ZB-2 IMPEDANCE BRIDGE is a complete impedance
measuring set providing a direct reading of capacitance, resistance,
and inductance, as well as dissipation factor (D), used for capacitors,
and storage factor (Q) used for inductors. Measurements may be madeusing either the self-contained 1kc oscillator, an external oscillator, orinternal or external DC voltages. AC nulls may be detected with theaid of the self-contained amplifier and null meter. DC nulls may be
detected using the null meter alone.
Mechanical design innovations offer case dimension of 81/
2"x9V8"x9"
deep overall. Durability, compactness and portability are stressed toincrease usefullness for lab or field requirements.

SPECIFICATIONSRANGEACCURACY

1. RESISTANCE-0 ohms to 11 megohms, AC
or DC (8 ranges).
2. CAPACITANCE-0 pf to 1100 uf (7 ranges).
3. INDUCTANCE-0 uh to 1100 h(7 ranges).
4. El-FACTOR-0 to 10.5 at 1kc (2 ranges)
with provision for extension through external networks.
5. CI-FACTOR-0 to 1000 at 1kc (2 ranges)
with provision for external extension
through external networks.

1. RESISTANCE— ± (0.1% + 1dial
division).
2. CAPACITANCE—(0.2% + 1dial
division).
3. INDUCTANCE—(0.3% — 1dial
division).
4. D-FACTOR— :r (2% + 0.0065).*
5. 0-FACTOR—Expressed as D— 1/Q where
D is accurate to within ±- (2% +0.0065).*±-2% + 0.05).
*On 100 uf, 100 pf, 0.1 mh, and 100 h settings, D and Q accuracy (expressed as D) is -Beckman

INSTRUMENTS, INC.
CEDAR GROVE OPERATIONS
89 COMMERCE ROAD

INTERNATIONAL SUBSIDIARIES: Geneva; Munich; Glenrothes;
Scotland; Tokyo; Paris; Capetown; London; Mexico City.

64

Circle 64 on reader service card

CEDAR GROVE, NEW JERSEY •07009(201) 239-6200 •TWX: 201-239-4704

produces as many as nine discrete
colors simultaneously, six of themtunable.
Oops. The Air Force contract tobuild the second-generation Defense Satellite Communications
System (DsCS-2) has been awarded
to the TRW Systems Group, not
Hughes Aircraft as predicted inthese pages [Electronics. March 3,
p. 401. The third bidder was PhilcoFord. The Air Force expects to buy
up to six of the craft, which will
be powerful enough to beam signals to small terminals aboard
ships and Army vehicles. The satellites will use a variety of antennas, including earth-coverage horns
with gains of 28 decibels above one
watt and steerable narrow-beamantennas with gains of 43 dbw. The
narrow-beam antennas will focus
a portion of the energy on areas
1,000 to 2,000 miles in diameter.
The research and development
phase of the program will be worth$37.6 million to TRW, and production and launch options could bring
the total figure to more than $60
million.
Vikings embark. NASA's LangleyResearch Center has issued requests for proposals for the planetary lander and project integration portions of the Viking
program. Firms have until April 2
to file their technical proposals.
Bids on the orbiter portion of the
program will be asked later thisyear. Two Viking spacecraft—eachcomposed of a lander and an orbiter are scheduled for Mars flights
in 1973.
Meanwhile, the 900-pound Mariner F spacecraft launched lastmonth is scheduled to arrive at
Mars on July 31 and make an equatorial pass over the planet, while
Mariner G, scheduled to fly next
week, will arrive on Aug. 5 andmake a polar pass.
Strong attraction. Raytheon has
developed apermanent-magnet material, samarium cobalt, that's not
only the most powerful available
but is also four times lighter and20 times less expensive than theprevious record holder—platinum
cobalt. •Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Neverbefore
11M
ttt

25

El

El

El

s4
The world's only silox reactor producing SiO2
and doped SiO2 films of unparalleled uniformity
Applied Materials SILOX vapor phaseoxidation system is aproven oxide deposition reactor producing pure SiO 2 anddoped SiO 2films of excellent quality andthickness uniformity. Deposition thickness uniformity is typically ±7.5% withina wafer, ±10% wafer to wafer within arun. Wafers are processed in acold wall
reactor "batch" fashion. Cycle time for a

5,000 À deposition is approximately 10
minutes.
The AMS-2600 has a wafer handlingcapability of eighteen 1.5" or ten 2" diameter wafers per run. Larger systems withsimilar specifications are also available.
Write for complete information. Call collect for immediate requirements.

applied materials
Applied Materials Technology, Inc. 2999 San Ysidro Way
Santa Clara, California 95051 (408) 738-0600 TWX: 910-339-9258
BOOTH #4K25-27 FOURTH FLOOR I.E.E.E. AT THE COLISEUMElectronics IMarch 17, 1969

Circle 65 on reader service card

65

TTL
If you haven't
checked on deliveries
from the first source
for TTL recently,
you should.

Because we've dramatically increased manufacturing capacity on all Series 54/74 integrated
circuits. Call TI for delivery information on our
17 Series 54L/74L low power circuits, 26 Series
54/74 standard gates and flip-flops, 13 Series
54H/74H high speed circuits, and 23 TTL/MSI
types. All are available in TI's dual-inline plastic package. Most are in our
military-rated flat pack and ceramic d.i.p.

TEXAS INSTRUM ENTS
INCORPORATED
66

Electronics ,March 17, 1969

Before, butnever as good

Large volume
horizontal reactors
with guaranteed uniformity ofresistivity and deposition thickness.
New, modular concept
Applied Materials has taken epitaxy
and thin film deposition forever outof the realm of black magic. With
the introduction of the AMH series,
manufacturers of semiconductor
devices can obtain new standardsof reliability and performance inhorizontal reactors. Less floor space;
greater installation flexibility. No
one knows more about epitaxy thanApplied Materials Technology; noone offers so complete a rangeof Chemical Vapor Deposition
equipment for the semiconductor
industry. Send your substrates forevaluation depositions.
All models available with Time
Sequence Programmers andAutomatic Temperature Control.
Write for our new Modular
Concept brochure and complete
information. Call collect for
immediate requirements.

A

applied materials
Applied Materials Technology, Inc. 2999 San Ysidro Way
Santa Clara, California 95051 (408) 738-0600 TWX: 910-339-9258
BOOTH #4K25-27
Electronics 1March 17, 1969

FOURTH FLOOR I.E.E.E. AT THE COLISEUM
Circle 67 on reader service card67oTexas-sizedata libraryon microfilm
saves
Texas Instruments$850/week
When acompany scores 95%"hits" with their data retrieval

TI engineers find their data fastsystem, you know their archive ofand often because Sweet's has
more product data than anyone:stored data is extensive.

900,000 pages of current product

When that company saves $850

bimonthly update sure to put the

per week retrieving that data, youknow the system gets them to thedata right now, with the next
total over one million. Everydata quick and sure.

update adds new data as well as
revised data from suppliers

The company is Texas Instruments.

already in the File. In the last three

And the data torage and retrieval
system is Sweet's Microfilm File.

updates (six months)—just under
half (47%) of our system has been
updated.

Ti's Larry Williamson pulls a full-size
worksheet print of the data he wants—
and the file stays wholly intact.

Williamson, drafting room foreman

We don't have any trouble getting
the data of all the important

We put more in, and we make it

at TI, "was that we needed afast
way to find size specifications ofsuppliers because it doesn't costthem anything to get in. In with as"Our problem," said Larry

purchased parts. We investigatedother systems—and selectedmuch as they want—not just their

Sweet's system."

general catalogs, but application

TI installed two product/vendor
files at their plant. TI engineers go
to Sweet's 300 times a week for
data, and come away with it 95%of the time... and in less than 5

data, reliability test reports,
specifications, even price andoffice listings. Enough data tosatisfy the engineer no matter how
deep he has to dig.

easy to get it out, with a computerprinted (so we can do it every
update) index with more than
5000 product breakdowns that tell
you where the specific productyou want is, not where the
manufacturer's data for everything
he makes is generally located.
Send the coupon below and learn
more about the Texas-size savings

minutes. "The retrieval of data is(Incidentally, if you stuffed theso fast," Williamson says, "that we

Sweet's product/vendor File into

estimate we will save more than

4-drawer file cabinets, you'd needEngineers need data. The quicker$44,000 on an annual basis. And

more than a hundred of them, andthey find it, the quicker they canwith Sweet's Microfilm File.

that's net savings, with the cost of

the floor space to line them up.

get back to work. We makethe system figured in."

Sweet's is complete on a desktop.)engineers out of engineers.
SWEET'S INDUSTRIAL DIVISIONMcGRAW-HILL INFORMATION SYSTEMS COMPANY

Please send a complete information package
on Sweet's Microfilm File
Name
Title
Company
Address
City
State

7ip

Send to Sweet's Microfilm File, Dept. EL42
330 West 42nd Street, New York, N.Y. 10036
or call G. O. Stevens collect at 212-971-3586

68

Circle 68 on reader service card

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

FREQUENCY COUNTERS

Input

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Measure.

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Model

df

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Shouldn't you have this new report on your desk now?
New Sweet's Characteristic Search gives
you computer generated comparisonsof 35,000 electronic instruments. Readhow you can always have the best at thelowest price.
How do you keep on top of all the newelectronic instruments on the market?
Or the old ones? What do you do when
what you've used before doesn't fit into
the hole you have left? Build an expensive
special? Stop worrying about it. Thereis an answer.
The 6Volume Electronic Instrument Report
Issued every four months, it gives you
accurate comparisons in 125 different
categories for up to 15 different instrument
characteristics. Including manufacturer,

model number, current price and allimportant performance parameters.
Even the exact frame number of the
manufacturer's detailed data in the
Sweet's Microfilm File.
Find the exact item you need in lessthan aminute.
Suppose you need aFrequency Counter
with these parameters: 20Hz-5MHz
output frequency, 5digits, 100mv, stability
3x10- 7(1 week), gate times of 10, 1,
and 0.1 seconds. Sweet's Characteristic
Search lists dozens of Frequency Counters.
Which would be right for you? Sweet's
Characteristic Search shows almost all the
instruments offered for sale in the U.S.
Isn't that the kind of information you
should have to do your thing?

You can try it for 10 days FREE.
You may examine the first volume of
six on Instruments for 10 days...anduse it in your work ... free. If you wish
to keep the first Volume, receive theremaining five Volumes, and new
Editions for ayear, we will bill you (oryour company) the charter subscription
price of $495; the regular subscription
price will not be less than $595, effective
after May 31. Who else could give you
so much data (every four months), for somany instruments (over 35,000 listed) ineasily compared form including current
prices? Mail off the Reservation Coupon
now.
SWEET'S
CHARACTERISTICSEARCH

Each 700 page Edition gives you the latest information about 35,000 Instrumentsin these 125 categories.
Vol. 1: Modulators: A-M, Microwave, Phase,
Pulse. Generators: Oscillators, Frequency
Synthesizers, Marker, Phase, Time Code,Signal, Noise, Sweep, Squarewave, Function,
Time Delay, Word, Pulse.
Vol. 2: Power Supplies: Laboratory Type, AC,
Modular AC-DC & DC-DC, Constant Current,High Voltage.
Vol. 3: Amplifiers: Narrowband, Wideband,
Operational, Magnetic, Microwave, Power,
Servo, Strain Gage, Video, Differential. Also
Attenuators (fixed), Attenuators (variable),
Directional Couplers, Phase Shifters, Loads,
Isolators, Shorts, Mismatches, Coaxial-Waveguide Adapters, Filters, Time Delay Units,
Signal Conditioners, Microwave Detectors,
Hybrid Junctions.
Vol. 4: Bridges: Power, Kelvin Capacitance,
Deviation, Impedance, Inductance, Admittance, Wheatstone. Calibrators: Frequency,
Crystal, Voltage. Comparators: Digital, Frequency, Phase, Voltage. Converters: Analog-

Digital,Binary-Decimal,AC-DC,DC-Frequency.
Decade Boxes: Capacitance, Resistance.
Standards: Capacitance, Frequency, Resistance, Voltage.
Vol. 5: Analyzers: Phase Angle, Pulse Height,
Servo, Spectrum, Wave, Harmonic. Counters:
Frequency, Bi -Directional, Digital, Electro Magnetic, Preset. Recorders: Oscillographs(Portable), Oscillographs (Direct Writing),
Oscillographs (Multichannel), Magnetic Tape,
Pressure, Sound Level, Strip-chart, Telemetry,x-y, Digital Printers. Testers: Capacitance,
Resistor, Diode, Transistor, Integrated Circuit,
Cable, Module, Memory, Magnetic Tape.
Vol. 6: Meters (Part 1): Amp, Capacitance,
Conductance, Digital Volt, Electrometers,
Galvanometers, Laboratory, Impedance, Inductance, Multi, Electronic Volt, Watt, Calorimeters, Power Phase Angle, Ohm. Meters(Part 2): Distortion, Field Strength, Frequency,
Frequency Deviation, SWR, Thermocouple,
Oscilloscopes, Receivers, Slotted Lines, Frequency Selective.

Electronic Instruments
Yes, Iwant to see and work with the first Volume
on Instruments in the Sweet's Characteristic Search,
Electronic Instruments, for ten full days free. At
the end of that time Imay return the book withoutobligation, cancelling my subscription.
If I decide to keep the Sweet's Characteristic
Search, Iwill pay only $495, the Charter Subscription price, and receive the remaining five volumes
as they are published, and subsequent Editions forayear.
Please bill me D
Bill my company on P0 No
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Company
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Authorized Signature
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SEND NO MONEY...
YOU ARE ENTITLED TO A 10 DAY FREE TRIAL

Circle 69 on reader service card

Still True
The Hewlett-Packard 2401C Integrating
Digital Voltmeter is still the DVM to counton. You've been using it, trusting it to provide accurate measurements. You know it's
still giving you exceptionally high noise rejection. You know it still comes with standard—not optional—interface features for systems use. It still gives you achoice of sample
times to get the best combinations of resolution and speed for a given application.

HEWLETT h
DIGITAL70

Circle 70 on reader service card

Still gives you external start-stop for longterm integrals, even around zero. And still
gives accurate frequency and period measurements.
When the time comes to consider more
DVM's, experience is still the best teacher.
Call your HP field engineer for details on
precision measuring instruments. Or write
Hewlett-Packard, Palo Alto, Calif. 94304;
Europe: 54 Route des Acacias, Geneva.

PACKARD

VOLTM ETERS

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

NM Reeves
Integrating Gyro...a major breakthrough in reliability andsible to perform the final assembly of aMini-

cost reduction. Now, Reeves has developed

RIG unit in less than one work day. This

the Mini-RIG — a subminiature, heaterless

reduces to the barest minimum the possibil-

integrating gyro that lives up to its claims!

ity of contamination during manufacture.

Through new production techniques
Reeves has made amajor advance, in bothcost reduction and reliability, in the field ofsubminiature high-volume inertial sensors.
Mini-RIG is the first of anew generation ofmodular-design, fluid-filled, fully-floatedgyros and accelerometers. Only one inchby two inches in size, it furnishes stability,
guidance and control to missiles, aircraft
and aerospace vehicles. It operates ineither platform or strap-down systems.
High Performance. The heaterless MiniRIG provides excellent control of gyro gain
and damping over the whole military temperature range. Damping is compensated andtransfer function controlled to a toleranceof ±-20% from —65 Fto +200 F. For shorter
temperature ranges, such as OF, to 180F,±-10% tolerance is maintained.
Reliability. Reeves new balanced-line

Low Cost. Reeves new manufacturing
techniques have reduced the number of assembly operations and hand labor, relying
on mechanical fixturing and electrical welding. Detail parts are interchangeable and thesame stainless steel outer housing can beused for many versions. This means lowcost design modification for a wide range
of applications.
Reeves, working by the Total Systems
Concept, can package the Mini-RIG for any
specialized need you may have. For important programs, we will provide Mini-RIGS
on 60-day consignment. "Let them prove toyou, what we claim for them"! All we ask is
prompt, competent evaluation.
For complete data and application information, call or write Component Group,
Reeves Instrument, Garden City,

automated assembly makes it pos-

New York 11530.
actual sizeWi£...elff-e41
inagr eINSTRUMENT DIVISIONDYNAMICS CORPORATION OF AMERICA! GARDEN CITY NEW YORK 11530

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Circle 71 on reader service card

71

IT

SUPERFLEXIBLEa.
new kindof
HELIAX ®

Copper coaxial cablewith anew deeper
corrugation. Greater flexibility
and strength. Use almost anywhere.
Repeatedly. And the outer conductor issolid copper. No braids. No noise. No RFI.
Moisture can't penetrate. Available in 1/
2", 50 ohm,
foam dielectric, Type FSJ4-50. Connectors, Type N
or GR-874. Like asample? Communicate with Andrew.
12 68

ANDREW

CONTACT THE NEAREST ANDREW OFFICE OR ANDREW CORPORATION, 10500 W. 153rd STREET, ORLAND PARK, ILLINOIS 60462

Washington Newsletter
March 17, 1969
Space station rfp's
due within month

Navy studying
own I/CNI system

NASA set to tackle
programer shortage

The space agency is unwilling to let the concept of aspace station die;it's using other funds to get the program into Phase B contract definition.
The reason: major fallout of Phase B is adetermination of goals that canbe used to sell the program to the nation.
Requests for proposals on Phase B will go out within amonth. There
will be two parallel nine-month studies, one to be managed by the
Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston and the other by the MarshallSpace Flight Center in Huntsville. Three teams are ready to bid—
Grumman-RCA, McDonnell Douglas-IBM-Martin Denver, and North
American Rockwell-GE. Each contract will be worth $3 million; total
program cost is expected to reach $6 billion to $10 billion.
Contractors will look at alternative approaches to various aspectsof the space station concept, including how many will be orbited in
1975-80, configuration, ground support, and experiments.
Like the Air Force [Electronics, Jan. 20, p. 33], the Navy is now looking
into an integrated communications, navigation, and identification (I/CNI)
system while not making the proposal an official program. But unlike the
Air Force, which is interested in afar-ranging satellite system, the Navycurrently "is not interested in putting all that money into satellites," says
one source.
The Navy's investigation is alow-keyed effort by the Naval ResearchLaboratories to estimate requirements for a system compatible withpresent and planned equipment. Autonetics and IBM have small study
contracts. A tentative set of I/CNI requirements is expected this summer
with afirm set to follow in 1970. While there is no official coordination
between the Air Force and the Navy right now, "we know what eachother is doing," says the source.

One of the first projects that NASA has in store for its proposed $8.1
million computer and instrumentation laboratory is a "total design
approach" to hardware and software that will make the acute shortageof programers easier to live with. The plan was disclosed by NASA official
Bruce T. Lundin at House hearings.
The idea apparently is to come up with computer systems that won't
require as many programs and programers. Officials point out, for example, that 3,200 tapes are delivered each day to the Goddard Space
Flight Center.
The NASA lab, awaiting Congressional approval, would be built inCambridge, Mass., at the Electronic Research Center. Construction
could start next July at the earliest and take about ayear.

Pentagon budget due The Defense Department's 1970 money requests will get a thoroughfor Senate scrutiny
by 'specialist' panels

going over when the Senate Armed Services Committee begins its hearings on the budget this week. Sen. John C. Stennis (D., Miss.), the newchairman, is assigning committee members to ad hoc panels that will
study specific parts of the mammoth budget. Each of these groups will
be briefed on matters pertaining to its special field.
Selected so far are subcommittees on research and development,-4—Circle 72 on reader service card73

4

Washington Newsletter
tactical air power, and bomber defense. Contemplated are subcommittees
on land power and production overruns. The latter will deal with ordersthat wind up costing the Pentagon more money than contracted for, aswith the C-5A program. Temporary Congressional subcommittees aren't
unusual, but Stennis's move marks adeparture from the practice of former
Chairman Richard B. Russell (D., Ga.) and reflects a growing concern
over Pentagon procurement practices.
The Air Force and aerospace industry are happy with the makeup of
the tactical airpower subcommittee. They should be. It's loaded withhawks on the subject: Howard W. Cannon (D., Nev.) as chairman,
Stephen M. Young (D., Ohio), Stuart Symington (D., Mo.), Henry M.
Jackson (D. Wash.), Strom Thurmond (R., S.C.), John G. Tower (R.,
Texas), and Barry Goldwater (R., Ariz.).

Paine expected
to push NASA aims

Senators sharpen
questions for Shaffer

Minipush starts
for sea-based ABM

Addendum

74

President Nixon's decision to retain Thomas O. Paine as head man at
NASA could mean abalanced and ambitious space program. What remains to be seen is whether Paine's soft sell will be as effective in getting
Congress to untie the purse strings as was the flamboyant approach ofhis predecessor, James Webb.
Since taking over from Webb, Paine has strongly advocated suchprograms as anational space station, a"grand tour" of far planets, anda strong earth resources program. There is little doubt that he willcontinue to push these programs with the new administration. In fact,
when the NASA budget was presented in January he charged the incoming Administration with the responsibility for making early decisions
on the major programs for the next decade in space.

President Nixon's choice for new FAA Administrator, John H. Shaffer,
who is a vice president of TRW and a former Air Force officer, will
face some tough questioning in confirmation hearings. Senators will
want to know just what he plans to do to relieve airport congestion;
he'll also be asked for his views on how to prevent hijacking. Although
the FAA is starting to field-test several devices to detect weapons, there's
no equipment that meets all criteria.

The sea-based antiballistic missile intercept system (Sabmis) is down
for only $3 million in the 1970 budget, but the project is being edged
into the spotlight by the unexpected furor over the land-based Sentinel
ABM project. Rep. William R. Anderson (R., Tenn.), who was skipperof the nuclear sub Nautilus when it made the first transpolar voyage
under the ice, wants more substantial research on Sabmis. However,Deputy Secretary of Defense David Packard says afull-scale move toward
Sabmis is "not now under consideration."

Look for Congressional foes of the problem-plagued F-111 to lash out
anew at the program. Their ire will be aroused by an expected Defense
Department request for budget money to buy 70 more of the planes,
and by the Pentagon's purchase of the first batch of F-111 advanced
avionics systems (formerly the Mark 2). These systems cost up to $1.5
million apiece, 50% more than original contract called for and more than
the whole plane was to cost afew years ago.
Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Sorensen modular power supplies
1.! 0.005% regulation$8900

POWER SU PPLYINPUTMODEL 51020
.
A
S
4A
8:
1
0
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4

OUTPUTemi sow 1(1,00„sotorto
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105-125 VAC

AiII A
945 X
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Optional 10p. sec. overvoltage protection. • Requires

45
R
7
1
001:
:Cr
i

no external heat sink in ambients to 71° C. •29 models—

Sorensen produces 29 wide-range models, each with
optional overvoltage protection. Other manufacturers

voltages to 330 Vdc at power levels to 300 watts. • Remote programming—remote sensing—series/parallel op-

require more than 100 models to cover the same area.
By producing and stocking fewer models, Sorensen iseration. •Overload and short circuit protection. •Meets
military specifications.

able to provide better specifications, higher reliability,

Model WA -10-1.4, shown actual size, illustrates
the compactness of the Sorensen QSA Series.
These laboratory-grade, precision powersources are designed for OEM or systemapplications and utilize the latest solidstate regulating technology to provide ahigh degree of regulation and stability.

lower prices and "same-day shipments."
For

more

information

contact

your

local

Sorensen representative or; Raytheon Company, Sorensen Operation, Richards
Ave., Norwalk, Conn. 06856. Tel.: 203838-6571; TWX:
710 -468- 2940;

RAYTHEONTELEX: 96-5953.

Circle 200 on Inquiry Card

The new AO
StereoStar/ZOOM
Microscope
gives you highresolution,
new convenience,superior optics
and widemagnification
range.
Here are a few of the outstanding
advantages that make the new AO®
StereoStar/ZOOM Microscope thefinest instrument of this type available today:▪ Widest total magnification range:
3.5-210X Ill High resolution to meetthe most exacting needs III The mostconvenient zoom control available
II Choice of five interchangeable,
rotatable zoom power bodies Ill Crisp,
sharp images at all magnifications• Extra large field of view and higheyepoint eyepieces II Wide choice ofstands for every purpose III Long
working distance I Even illumination over the entire field I Coolest
operating illuminator.
See for yourself. Contact your AO
Sales Representative for a demonstration, or write for our 24-page,full-color brochure on the newest in
stereo microscopes—the AO StereoStar/ZOOM.
®TM Reg., American Optical Corp.

AMERICANOPTICALCORPORATIONSCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT DIVISIONBUFFALO. N.Y. 14215

Circle 76 on reader service card

Lock-in sharp response,wide-range electronic tuning... with high-Q EPICAP diodes!

uous wide-band tuning requirements, this new
diode series meets the most stringent performance and frequency control needs found in
ECM, tactical and aerospace radio, and frequency synthesizer equipment.
Tuning ratios are closely controlled as indicated by guaranteed min/max values on eachtype (see table).
The series covers all standard nominal
capacitance values from 6.8 pF to 100 pF with± 10%, ±5% and ±-2% tolerances. Breakdown
voltage is 30 volts (min.) and maximum leakage current is 20 nA @ 25 volts. This EPICAP*
series is supplied in the Motorola RamRod*
DO-7 "glass" case for maximum device stability.
A standard line (1N5441A-56A) is alsoavailable for less-critical general purpose applications. Check the specification table for characteristics to fit your needs.
Reminder "Off-The-Shelf" evaluation units
are now at your local franchised Motorola Semiconductor Distributor. He will tune you in to
top tuning diode performance. Call him.

Now you can get the advantages of remotetuning and miniaturization made possible withsolid-state tuning diodes — with anew level ofpremium and uniform performance— in Motorola's
new 1N5461A —1N54 76A series
tuning diodes!
Combining such
desirable features
as very highfor sharp response

10
50

,0 0

20

50

10

20

30

at high frequency;
high tuning ratios— to facilitate

tuning over broadfrequency ranges;
and uniform linear changes in capacitance with
voltage — making it a simple matter to "gang"
V0. REVERSE VOLTAGE IVOLTSI

them into multi-stage configurations for contin-

TYPE NO.
PREMIUM

Fig. of Merit
Tuning Ratio (IR)(Q) @ 4V/50 MHz C2/C30 @ 1MHzMin.
Min/Max

Fig. of Merit
Diode Cap. (CT)±10% @ 4V/1 MHz STANDARD (Q) @ 4 V/ 50 MHz
pFt
Min.
TYPE NO.

Tuning Ratio (TR)C2/C 30 @ 1 MHz
Min/Max

1N5461A600

2.7/3.1

6.8

1N5441A

450

2.5/3.1

1N5462A600

2.8/3.1

8.2

1N5442A450

2.5/3.1

1N5463A

550

2.8/3.1

400

2.6/3.1550

2.8/3.1

10.0
12.0

1N5443A

165464A

1N5444A

400

2.6/3.1

1N5465A
1N5466A

550

15.0

1N5445A

18.0

1N5446A

400
350

2.6/3.1500

2.8/3.1
2.9/3.1

1N5467A

500

2.9/3.1

20.0

1N5447A

350

2.6/3.1

1N5468A

500

2.9/3.2

22.0

1N5448A

350

2.6/3.2

1N5469A

500

2.9/3.2

27.0

1N5449A

350

2.6/3.2

1N5470A500

2.9/3.2

33.0

1N5450A

350

2.6/3.2

1N5471A

450

2.9/3.2

39.0

1N5451A300

2.6/3.2

1N5472A400

2.9/3.2

47.0

1N5452A250

2.6/3.2

1N5473A300

2.9/3.3

56.0

1N5453A

200

2.6/3.3

2.6/3.1

1N5474A

250

2.9/3.3

68.0

1N5454A

175

2.7/3.3

1N5475A

225
200

2.9/3.3

82.0

1N5455A

175

2.7/3.3

2.9/3.3

100.0

1N5456A

175

2.7/3.3

1N5476A

Diode Capacitance CT) same for premium or standard line.
fNominal capacitance tolerance of±-10%, ±5% or ±-2% indicated by suffix A, B, or C, respectively.

-witae iltepnieelest iimmediett*Trade-Mark Motorola Inc.

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969eau!

MOTOROLA
Tuning Diodes
Motorola Semiconductor Products Inc./P.O. Box 20912/Phoenix, Arizona/85036

Circle 77 on reader service card77

Room tor
improvement
General Electric's TO-5 2transistor-size sealed relays
give you more room
for increased power,
improved performance\

We didn't cut any corners on this high-reliability, transistor-size
sealed relay. We left them on so there'd be more room for amore powerful magnet-2 1/
2 times more powerful.
This added power means this type 3SBS, 2PDT, 1amp relay 11
gives you higher contact forces, larger contact gaps, andgreater overtravel to minimize mechanical shifts. Shifts
ACSTIUAL
which usually increase early-in-life failures.

ZE

Though there's more room inside to give you all theseadvantages, the outside dimensions—top-to-bottom (.275")
and side-to-side (.370")—are the same as any transistorsize relay.
So don't cut corners on your next transistor-size relay
application. Specify GE's square Type 3SBS. For full details,
write General Electric, Section 792-45, Schenectady, NewYork 12305.

GENERAL78

Circle /6 on reaaer service card

ELECTRICElectronics

March 17, 1969

Buckbee-Mears
research developed
the absolute filter.

Tasting our success
was agreat experience.

A key step in producing beer is pasteurization. Some ofAmerica's leading breweries have found they can produce
asmoother beverage by using aprecision-etched, BuckbeeMears fine screen as afilter in the pasteurizing process.
It's no wonder. We make the only absolute filter available. With our process, we can hold the uniformity of holes
in the filter screen constant. Our filter customers can choose
just about any material they want, including stainless steel,molybdenum, nickel, monel and titanium — in any array.
Buckbee-Mears offers small or large holes in the array.
Unlike die stamping, the on-centers can be adjusted closeor far apart. Our absolute filters are self-cleaning becauseof planer construction. That's another exclusive advantage
of our photomechanical reproduction process.
We etch absolute filter screens at aone-to-one ratio be-

tween metal thickness and hole size. Maximum hole size
tolerance to ±10% of metal thickness, minimum to ±-.0002".
While we're delighted to help the nation's brewmasters
upgrade their product, our absolute filters have many otheruses. They include centrifuge, synthetic fiber filters, coffee
brewer screens, particle size determination and back-up
screens for sub-micron filters. Anyone with afiltering application where an absolute filter is required can use ourcapabil ities.
Producing the only absolute filter screen on the market
is another example of creative technology from BuckbeeMears. We're in business to help you solve your problems.
Call or write Bill Amundson, our industrial sales manager,
about ;4:)ur absolute filter requirements. Phone 612-227-6371.
Skoal!

PRECISION METAL AND GLASS ETCHING • ELECTRO FORMING • AUTOMATED DESIGNMBUCKBEE-MEARS COMPANY

SAINT PAUL, MINNESOTA 55101
Electronics

March 17, 1969

Circle 79 on reader service card

79

• '4

1›:•

4

*

•

Future astronaut settneetLSEP—ApoildLunar Surface Experiments Package,-

Bendix needed a battery to command ALSEP,
Apollo's full geophysical station for the moon.
Mallory made it.

HRM-930TEST TEMP. -22°F
LOAD 60 OHMS
-6 -o

VOLTAGE>io

Bendix needed abattery. Abattery
to power the master timer of
ALSEP—unattended instruments tobe left by future astronauts on thesurface of the moon. Abattery that
could meet the rigid environmental requirements of the National
Bufona Accutrone lunar timer—self•powered to operate for years on the moon.
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). A battery that could power the timer for as long as
two years.

rolWhat can we do for you?

0".**,....

2

3

4

5

6

HOURS

Mallory made it. The battery—a Mallory mercury battery. It resists
the effects of temperature. And most important, it packs enoughpower in asmall volume to provide steady flat voltage for years.

We're not talking specifics about this or other developments yet, but
if you've got achallenging application, give us aring.

ALMOST OUT OF THE LAB
We've made some dramatic advances recently—and we're almost
ready to publicize them. Here's apeek at anew development justout of the lab:
Improved Anodes—a glance at the graph will show you what our new
improved anode structure does for battery efficiency at low temperatures. The same structure greatly improves performance under heavy
current drains.

OVER 1000 DIFFERENT TYPES
Mallory currently makes over 1000 batteries of all sizes and capacities. If we're not actually producing the battery you need, we'll behappy to work with you in designing anew one. Please write theTechnical Sales Department, Mallory Battery Company, adivision of
P. R. Mallory &Co. Inc., South Broadway, Tarrytown, N.Y. 10591. Orcall 914-591-7000. (In Canada: Mallory Battery Company of Canada
Limited, Sheridan Park, Ontario.)cle Registered trademark of Bulova Watch Co. Inc.

80

Circle 80 on reader service card

It's good business to do business with Mallory
Electronics

MALLORY
March 17, 1969

CROWBAR...?

MHO, 1,1

The One Inside is FREE
Not so many years ago, the prudent transmitter engineer
discharged a high voltage capacitor bank by dropping ashorting "crowbar" across its terminals. Today's "crowbar" is a protective overvoltage circuit found on DC
power supplies — usually at extra cost. Now HP includes a crowbar as standard on its recently updated
series of low-voltage rack supplies ...at no change
in price.
Long established as preferred system supplies forcomponent aging production testing and special applications, these supplies have now been redesigned
and expanded to meet the stringent demands of today's
power supply user. Advantages include low ripple(peak-to-peak as well as rms), well-regulated constantvoltage/constant current DC with outputs to 60 voltsand 100 amps.
Where loads are critical and expensive, the extra pro-tection — say, against inadvertent knob-twiddling —from a crowbar is invaluable. On all internal crowbars
in this series, the trip voltage margin is set by screwdriver at the front-panel.
Pertinent specifications are: triggering margins aresettable at 1V plus 7% of operating level; voltage ripple
and noise is 200 µV rms/10mV peak-to-peak (DC to
20 MHz); current ripple is 5 mA rms or less depending
on output rating; voltage regulation is 0.01%; resolution, 0.25% or better; remote programming, RFI conformance to MIL-I-6181D.
Prices start from $350. For complete specifications andprices, contact your local HP Sales Office or write:
Hewlett-Packard, New Jersey Division, 100 Locust
Avenue, Berkeley Heights, New Jersey 07922 or call(201) 464-1234 . . .In Europe, 1217 Meyrin, Geneva.
Additional data sheets
available upon request•

CROWSP.NS

HEWLETT àhe PACKARDDISCUSSION
111/110C- -wame

POWER

SUPPLIESê
ANI100

Alternative Power Supplies
LAB SERIES, smaller package,
lower power, optional crowbar
CROWBARSA Technical Discussion

Circle .# for details

326

327

328

d

1969 Power
Supply Catalog
_ i
nc l
ud
es total
HP power supply
line.

329
219112

Switch to
The Switchables.

Helipot's new miniature rotary switches
always give you precise, positive switch settings.
Only Helipot's new rotary precisionswitches have rugged, positive action detent. That's why they're the Switchables...because they always switch to the precise position you switch them to.
They come in two, single pole-10 position models. Helipot Model 376 with sixinch leads is designed for instrument
panel applications. And Helipot Model
375 with 10 gold plated terminals is for
direct installation on printed circuitboards. Both have a black insulated plastic housing with easy-to-read contrasting
index marks, have a contact current
rating of 250 ma at 28 V DC, and are theeconomical choices for all applications

82

Circle 82 on reader service card

requiring rapid changes in settings suchas test equipment and timing devices.
For all the details, specs and schematics,
get in touch with your local Helipot Representative. He'll show you why Helipot's
new miniature rotary precision switches
are the Switchables.

Beckman INSTRUMENTS,

INC.

HELIPOT DIVISIONFULLERTON, CALIFORNIA •92634
INTERNATIONAL SUBSIDIARIES: AMSTERDAM; CAPE TOWN; GENEVA; GLENROTNES,SCOTLAND; LONDON, MEXICO CITY; MUNICH, PARIS: STOCKHOLM; TOKYO; VIENNAElectronics

March 17, 1969

March 17, 1969 'Highlights of this issue

Technical Articles
Detroit puts electronics
in the driver's seatpage 84

Automakers are now replacing electromechanical parts with discrete semiconductor
devices in ignition systems, tachometers,
sequential turn signals, and the like.
What's more, Detroit is looking ahead tothe time when integrated circuits, whichhave already been used in voltage regulators, will handle just about all the command and control functions in a car. If,
as seems likely, the solid state electronics trend persists, themotor vehicle industry will emerge second only to the computer field as aconsumer of microcircuits. For the cover, art
director Jerry Ferguson shot this multiple exposure of a1969
Ford Thunderbird—one of two production models with electronic braking.

All-IC hybrid computer
eliminates the patchwork
from programing
page 100

A new hybrid computer from Japan is unique on two counts.
For one thing, the analog section uses only integrated circuits
for the computing elements. For another, aswitching matrix
that automatically interconnects the elements under program
control from the digital computer replaces the patchboard.
Moreover, by using acathode-ray tube and light pen to draw
the setup diagram, an operator can see exactly how his program is being run. If errors exist or changes have to be made,he can rectify matters with aflick of his wrist.

Cryoelectric memories:
best hope for large
and fast storage units
page 108

Research on cryoelectric memories holds out the promise of
faster and cheaper memories than any available now. In such
units, asingle driver can actuate up to 10,000 times as manystorage elements as in conventional magnetic or semiconductor memories, and asingle amplifier can sense as many morememory positions.

Lighting the way
to flat-screen tv
page 114

Japan's Matsushita is working on an experimental tv receiver
whose flat, electroluminescent screen is energized by amatrixof electrodes. The solid state "sandwich" panel is designed
to operate at the 525-line standard; it can display apicture ona 13-inch screen.

I
Electronics

Coming
The new dynamics
of the design interface

Electronics

March 17, 1969

With increasingly complex circuitry being built into semiconductor chips, the relationship between components suppliers and systems houses is changing. Electronics explores
the implications of this shift in the design interface.

83

Detroit puts
electronics inthe driver's seat

By John D. Drummond
Associate editor

Semiconductor devices are taking
increasing number of commandand control functions in the automobile ;over andiscretes dominate the field now, but futurecars— like the one pictured here—will rely on IC's

84

Electronics lMarch 17, 1969

A vast new market for electronics engineering talent is surfacing in the vicinity of Detroit. The
auto industry is going for electronic controls in a
big way. But engineers and designers should be
warned that while a new road has been opened
to them, it's not an entirely smooth one.
The problems of replacing electro-mechanicalparts with electronic circuits are compounded by
the severe environment of the automobile. And theclimate in the industry is rigorous, too. The car
manufacturers are very cost-conscious and—in thewake of private and Governmental criticism—very
safety-conscious. Thus th3 equipment the auto
industry is seeking from the electronics engineer
must be low-cost, producible in high volume,
rugged, and extremely reliable.
The big push is in the direction of monolithic
circuitry. Car makers are now using discrete semiconductor devices to control ignition systems,
tachometers, and sequential turn signals, but integrated circuits will soon take over these jobs. Indeed, present research points to atime when IC's
will handle just about all the command and control functions in a car. If the trend continues, theauto industry will someday be second only to thecomputer industry as a user of microcircuits.
Engineers are now finding ways to get switching signals from electromechanical components,
are matching transducers to solid state circuits,
and are developing sensors to monitor such factors
as engine torque, brake pressure, manifold pressure, and tire slippage. The data supplied by thesesensors is evaluated by electronic systems thatthen produce the appropriate control signals.
Among the new designs resulting from this work
is an electronic fuel-injection system that employs
the variable inductance of a pressure transducer
to control amonostable multivibrator's "on" time,
which, in turn, sets the proper valve opening forthe fuel.
Another innovation is an anti-skid braking system that uses sensors to measure wheel velocity
and road-surface conditions, a small computer
module to evaluate this information, and solenoid
valves to apply the optimum brake pressure in response to electronic command signals.
And there's an automatic speed control system
in which an mOs field effect transistor memory
retains the desired speed setting after it's measured
by avariable reluctance a-c generator working off

RPM

TRIGGERPULSE(DISTRIBUTOR)

RPM
SWITCHFUEL
PUMPCIRCUITPREVENTINGCYLINDER FROMFILLING UP

RPM
CORRECTION
CIRCUITCUTOFF
CIRCUITIGNITIONSWITCH"RICHMIXTURE"CIRCUIT

MONOSTABLEVIBRATORSWITCHING
LOGICCIRCUITTEMPERATURESENSORSIDLING
MATCHING
CIRCUITENGINETEMPERATURE

ELECTRONIC CONTRf"(COMPUTER)MANIFOLD 4
PRESSURE

FULL—LOAD
MATCHING

PRESSURE
SENSOR

THROTTLE
VALVE
POSITIONPOWER
AMPLIFIERGROUP 1POWER
AMPLIFIERGROUP 2VALVESHTVALVES

1

PRESSURE
SWITCH

Feeding the beetle. Engine temperature, manifold pressure, and other related parameters are monitored by thecontrol unit of Volkswagen's fuel-injection system. It issues command signals that regulate the fuel mix and theamount of fuel that's injected to meet the engine requirements.

Up tight. Circuit board of computer that controls Volkswagen's fuel-injection engine holds
more than 200 transistors, resistors, and diodes.

86

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969the speedometer cable. (The generator's frequency
is proportional to the car's speed.) A feedback
potentiometer controls the throttle setting.
Down the road is a computer-controlled automatic transmission system that will shift gears
after considering such factors as acceleration, passenger load, and road conditions. A developmental
version has already been tested on a Chaparral
racer. Though this would seem to suggest that
General Motors might be first out of the box withacommercial model—because of its sub-rosa cooperation with Chaparral developer Jim Hall—thecompany refuses to comment; its official positionis that it doesn't participate in racing events.
Engineers also are working on a car equippedwith infrared sensors and other guidance aids thatwill provide instantaneous information on the differential velocity and distance of leading and trailing vehicles. The system is being designed to respond automatically to situations by acceleratingor braking the car.
And eventually—perhaps in a generation or so—
there will be automated highways on which drivers
will be able to switch to an autopilot mode either
to keep going when driving conditions are poor or
to relieve fatigue. Detroit is currently working on
several autopilot designs.
Automotive electronics goes back only to theearly 1960's; the first transistorized ignition system
hit the road in 1963. The field didn't come of age,
however, until 1967, when Gm's Delco Radio division succeeded in developing apractical IC voltage
regulator that could withstand temperatures ashigh as 260°F [Electronics, Oct. 2, 1967].
A regulator controls the current through thealternator field coil to furnish the optimum charging voltage for the car's battery. IC units have anumber of advantages over relay-operated devices
in this application. They're not affected by moisture, aging, metal fatigue, shock, or vibration, andthey generally provide better regulation. Both GM
and Ford, which came out with a similar unit in
its 1969 cars, mount the IC's inside the alternator.
Although neither Gm nor Ford has disclosed
cost figures for the regulators, industry sources
place GM's at $1.90 and Ford's at $2.60. This
compares with an average of $1.50 for the electromechanical units. Offered as an optional item—andafter other costs are factored in—the Gm regulator
is tagged at $10 and Ford's at $12.
Although only about 3% of the Detroit-produced
1969 autos are equipped with IC regulators, some
automotive experts predict that the devices will
be standard items on all cars, trucks, and busesby 1972. Since about 11 million vehicles are soldeach year, regulator manufacturers could gross$25 million annually on this one item through sales
to the industry.
An impressive example of the role electronics
can play in the auto industry is the fuel-injection
system introduced by Volkswagen last year as
optional equipment on some models. The heart ofthe system is an electronic control unit that cuts

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

IC regulator. Using thick-film circuit on ceramic substrate,
this voltage regulator produced by Motorola for Fordis typical of the units now replacing conventional
relay-operated designs.

fuel consumption and increases engine efficiency
by sensing the engine's requirements under constantly changing conditions and regulating theamount of fuel injected into the inlet manifold.
When the ignition switch is turned on, the control unit receives power through the main relay
and begins to regulate the fuel supplied by thefuel pump. It also opens the injector valves inpairs and keeps them open just long enough tosatisfy the engine's fuel needs.
A pressure sensor controls the basic fuel quantity by sampling the pressure on the intake manifold. A pressure switch, operated by the differential between the intake manifold and the ambient
air pressure, monitors the fuel enrichment. Temperature sensors in the crankcase and cylinder head
control the mixture enrichment during cold starting and the warm-up period. Trigger contacts inthe distributor send a signal that tells the control
unit when to inject the fuel and which cylindergroup will get it. Upon deceleration, the throttle
valve switch cuts off the fuel supply.
A functional diagram showing the relationshipof the circuits that make up the electronic control
unit is on the opposite page. System timing is handled by amonostable multivibrator that's triggeredby pulses generated in the distributor at each revolution of the camshaft. The "on" time of the pulses,
which provide information on engine rpm, is determined by the inductance of the manifold pressure sensor. This "on" time, as noted earlier, sets
the proper valve opening to meet engine fuel requirements.
A logic switching circuit ensures that the valves
open only at the proper time. This circuit uses
inputs containing information on engine rpm,
throttle opening, and trigger pulse timing, to determine the proper time to trigger the power amplifiers. Other circuits shown include one that prevents the engine cylinder from filling up when thestarter isn't operating or when the engine is idling,

87

r--

Go-slow attitude
The development of anew device does not ensure
its adoption by the automakers. For example, cm's
Delco-Remy division in Anderson, Ind., has developed an electronic fuel pump and an electronic
speedometer-odometer, but it hasn't been able tosell these products to any of cm's car divisions. According to acm spokesman, these developments will
be adopted when they can be economically massproduced—or when Detroit feels the time is ripe.
Another case in point: the automotive industry
is now in possession of an electronically controlled
transmission, but it's tucked on the shelf and apparently will be kept there for awhile.
Once burned. Some observers attribute Detroit's
foot-dragging to its recent encounter with Ralph
Nader and Congress over safety features. These observers reason that the auto firms aren't eager toadopt new circuits or systems that could fail andthus further tarnish their reputation. A highly placed
official at cm asserted in this regard, that in producing the industry's first integrated-circuit voltage
regulator, cm carried out the most rigorous testing
ever conceived in order to preclude the possibility of
afailure rate that could retard the use of Ic's in future systems because of public mistrust.
However, because microcircuits as well as discretes
have now demonstrated their high reliability in tortuous environments, the cautious approach by theautomakers could very well be due more to dollarsand-cents considerations than to fears about reliability, as is being implied.

and one that adjusts the air-fuel mixture to theoperating conditions.

The Volkswagen control unit measures about
6by 12 inches and contains more than 200 components, including 25 transistors and 35 diodes.
Short stop
Although airplanes have used computerized antiskid braking systems since about 1960, the automotive industry is just getting around to adopting
something similar.
The only automaker to come out with a computer-controlled anti-skid braking system so far
is Ford, which offered it as optional equipment on
its 1969 Continental Mark III and Thunderbird
models. Ford's system controls the rear wheels
only. Explains aFord engineer: "Tests have shownthat when brakes are applied with extreme pressure during panic stops on wet, slippery road surfaces, wheels lock, tires tend to skid and the rearend usually starts to slide to the side."
But Ford's system has run into unexpected criticism from GM, which claims that rear-wheel skid

control doesn't quite solve the problem of wheel
lock during panic braking. In fact, GM went allout to prove its point. In ademonstration attended
by newsmen at its Milford, Mich., proving ground,
it attempted to put a number of cars into skids

88

10

go.e

HIGH FRICTION DRY CONCRETE

te
c7

0.6

LOW FRICTION WET ASPHALT

LT-

i
L
t0.4

o

0.2

o

10

20

50
WHEEL SLIP (PERCENT)100
LOCKEDWHEELS

Tire brake force. Brake friction coefficient varies withroad surface, vehicle speed, tire pressure, and otherfactors. The greatest braking force is applied to the
car in the 10%-to-20% wheel slip range.

on straight and curved roadways. The first car,which had no anti-skid device, was put into askid
by suddenly slamming on the brakes at 50 miles
an hour on a straight road. The wheels locked
and the car spun completely around.
A second car equipped with a Ford-type rearwheel skid-control device was tested in the sameway. Although this car required a slightly longer
stopping distance, it didn't spin when the brakes
were applied. When a third car equipped with
developmental four-wheel anti-lock brakes provided
by GM was put to the test, it stopped in about
three-fourths the distance required by the firstcar, and without skidding.
On a curved roadway, the car equipped withthe four-wheel anti-skid device held the road andstopped in a relatively short distance while the
car with the rear-wheel anti-skid system went off
the road. The GM engineer conducting the test,
Joseph Bidwell, said his company has acrash (oranti-crash) program under way to produce an effective anti-skid system.
Support for GM's argument comes from Thomas
G. Schafer, the Bendix Corp.'s expert on adaptive
braking. "Rear-wheel control provides vehicle stability and helps the car resist sideways movement
during panic braking," says Schafer. "However,the four-wheel system, in which the front wheels
are also controlled, gives the driver an additional
advantage of steerability, since the front wheels
can continue turning to align themselves with therear wheels."

Measuring slippage
Auto men measure the deceleration of arotating
wheel in terms of its amount of slip relative tothe car's speed. For example, if the car is doing
60 mph and wheels are slowed to 50 mph when
the brake is applied, there is a 17% slip, which
is about ideal for braking. It is in the 10%-to-20%
slip range that the greatest braking force is applied

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

to the car, and the anti-skid system must automatically maintain this slip average. When thewheel deceleration exceeds the maximum safe rate—the point at which the wheels begin to lock—the system's computer activates a solenoid in an
actuator to begin the braking.
On wet, slippery surfaces, the frictional force
between the tire and the road is reduced below
the level required to sustain traction. Hence thefunction of the anti-skid system is to electronically maintain optimum slip average by pumping
the brakes periodically. In the system, sensors detect wheel velocity and transmit the information
to the computer control module. The computerthen determines the required braking cycle andsignals the vacuum-powered brake actuator, which
regulates the pressure of the fluid in the front
and rear wheels or the rear wheels alone, depending on the system. The coefficient of friction that
determines bralci»g is variable over a wide rangeof road conditions, ranging from about 1 on dry
concrete to 1.05 on wet ice.
Ford's rear-wheel anti-skid system was developed by Kelsey-Hayes in cooperation with Texas
Instruments, which designed the computer. A fourwheel system developed by Bendix' Brake andSteering division in South Bend, Ind., is now being
tested on Ford's Mercury cars at aproving groundin Bemidji, Minn.—a fact suggesting that Ford may
switch to a four-wheel control system in its 1970
cars. The betting in Detroit is that GM will also
install a four-wheel anti-skid system in selected
1970 models.
In the Bendix braking system, shown below, aspeed sensor measures instantaneous wheel velocity at the instant the brake is applied, together
with the tire-to-road coefficient of friction. This
information is assessed by the computer, which
decides if the adaptive braking should go into
action to keep the brakes from locking the wheels.
If the driver slams on his brakes with too muchforce, the computer activates solenoid valves toforce the modulator to adjust the brake pressurearound the valve. The adjustment provides the
maximum braking force without locking the wheels.
In addition to reducing the stopping distance, thisCOMPUTER

There were 18 electric cars produced in the U.S.
over the past five years, according to areport by theElectric Vehicle Council. Clearly, these cars could
open up a vast new market for semiconductor devices. All that keeps the lid on this market is theinability of manufacturers to come up with asuitablebattery for the cars. What, then, is the status of theelectric car today?
Now that a top speed of 80 miles per hour has
been achieved, the makers appear to be emphasizing
the car's maneuverability, low operating cost, easy
maintenance, and quiet and pollution-free operation.
But it seems unlikely that the electric car will challenge the supremacy of autos powered by internalcombustion engines in the over-all transportation picture. The present thinking is that the electric car
will win aplace as asecond car for pleasure driving
over short distances or for suburban shopping.
It's known that cm is experimenting with anumber of battery types—from the standard lead-acidvariety to fuel cells. The lead-acid battery has adequate power but limited energy storage; the fuelcell's characteristics are just the opposite. What may
emerge, therefore, is ahybrid battery combining thebest features of each type.
Trade off. Gulton Industries, the Yardney Electric
Corp., and others have produced anumber of highenergy storage batteries for experimental cars. But
the automakers, in each case, have been forced to
trade off speed for range, or vice versa. For example, cm's Electrovair II has atop speed of 80 mph
but arange of only 40 miles. On the other hand, theYardney car, built around aRenault Dauphine body,has arange of 80 miles but atop speed of only 25
miles per hour.
George A. Hoffman of UCLA'S Institute of Transportation and Traffic Engineering suggests that oilcompanies provide abattery rental service to compensate for any loss of business resulting from theintroduction of an electric car. "A motorist shouldbe able to pull up into his service station on low
battery and pull out again in 5 or 6minutes with afully charged rented or exchanged battery," says
Hoffman.
The automakers are predicting that the electric
car will be adopted, on a limited basis, within 5
years, or 10 at the most.

BRAKE PEDAL

Four-wheel braking.
ENGINE
MANIFOLDFREQUENCY
COUNTER

Instantaneous wheel
velocity information
picked up by the

ADAPTIVE
CONTROL LOGICDIFFERENTIATOR

The electric car

sensor is assessed by
the computer in thisBendix system. If
adaptive braking isrequired, appropriate
command signals
activate the brakepressure modulator.

Electronics

March 17, 196989

action appreciably increases the ability of the tireto withstand side forces without skidding. The
modulator is powered by the engine manifold pressure. Brake pressure is under the complete controlof the driver except when the output from themaster cylinder equals or exceeds the pressurethat can produce lock-up.
Also on the way are electronic speed controls.
In fact, the aforementioned automatic system thatuses a MOS FET memory to maintain a constant
speed in response to the driver's command is now
being offered as an optional item on some 1969
Ford cars. This system, developed by the Bendix

Automotive Electronics division in Baltimore, employs avariable reluctance pulse generator in series

with a speedometer cable to provide speed information for the memory.
To set the memory, the driver taps a SET-ACCELERATE pushbutton on the steering wheel whenthe vehicle has reached the desired cruising speed.
If he wants to go faster, he merely keeps his finger
on the button and the car will accelerate at aconstant rate of about 2 feet/second2 regardless ofterrain. Upon release of the button, the new speed
is memorized and maintained—whether or not thedriver's foot is on the accelerator.

B(PR4-0AEKSE TSOW0ID-TI1CS-HABLE)LBIRGAHKTE

r

rji

-r<

ri"-‘1•Zel

IGNITION SWITCH

R42
220

SOURCE VACU M
C0.801 =VVEANCT
rfl

TRANSDUCER

IAN
YAutomatic speed control. Signals from the speed sensor,
brake switch, and position feedback potentiometer are

ON STE RING WHE L
90compared with driver command signals in the amplifier
circuit. The resulting signal is applied to the throttle
actuator, which maintains aconstant vehicle speed.

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969To decelerate without deactivating the speed
control, the driver depresses a SET-COASTDOWN
pushbutton that closes the throttle to slow the car.
Again, when the button is released, the new speed
is memorized. The system is automatically disabled
when the brake pedal is depressed.
A number of safety features have been incorporated in the system to meet the industry's standards. For example, there's aredundant brake disable feature to protect against adefective or poorly
adjusted brake switch. If no disabling signal isreceived when the brake pedal is depressed, thecontrol system becomes automatically disabled
when the car slows to approximately 8mph below
the set speed limit.
This automatic disabling occurs in the case ofhuman errors, too, such as amechanic's failure tohook up the wire lead to the brake disable switch.
Also, the "on" command is always cancelled when
the ignition switch is turned off.
Command circuits
In the diagram on page 90, a sensor picks updata from the speedometer cable and produces asignal whose frequency is proportional to the car's
speed. The signal goes to an averaging circuit,which generates a d-c voltage that's proportional
to the input signal's frequency and thus corresponds to the auto's speed.
This voltage is then applied to a memory circuit, which also picks up an input representing
the driver's command speed when the sET-AcCELERATE or SET-COASTDOWN pushbutton is depressed. The memory output is fed to ahigh-inputimpedance comparator that checks the car's speed
against afeedback voltage from a throttle potentiometer mechanically linked to the car's throttle
linkage arm. An intervening feedback circuit prevents the throttle from closing too quickly whenthe vehicle's speed drops appreciably below thecommand speed; at the same time, it increases thesensitivity of the comparator to the feedback signal as the vehicle attains command speed.
Any error signal developed in the comparator
is amplified and used to control avacuum modulator made up of solenoid valves; this device, inturn, controls the pressure on one side of the diaphragm of avacuum modulator and actuator. The
solenoid valves are equipped with needle valves that
open and close the engine manifold. Depending on
the driver's command signal, one needle valve may
remain open to allow avacuum to be drawn into themodulator chamber, or it may open and close alternately with the other needle valve to let atmospheric pressure in the chamber.
The diaphragm, which controls the throttle linkage, is pushed forward by aheavy spring. Reducedpressure in the chamber will thus cause atmos- Slalom. These frames from afilm madepheric pressure to move the diaphragm and com- by Bendix show acar equippedpress the spring. By adjusting the chamber pres- with the company's four-wheel adaptive
sure, the diaphragm can be positioned at any point braking system being put throughbetween the limits of its stroke.
an obstacle course on aslippery proving
When the brakes are applied, a brake switch ground in Bemidji, Minn.

Electronics lMarch 17, 1969

91

+12v

GROUND

Breakerless firing. Designed for transistorized systems,
Ford's ignition trigger has no breaker points and isbasically a free-running blocking oscillator that acts
like a switch being opened and closed by the vaneson the distributor shaft.

closes. A positive battery voltage is then applied
through the closed switch to deactivate the speed
control system by turning off the appropriate control transistors in the level-decoding logic circuit.
The system can also be deactivated by a brakeharness fail-safe circuit.
More than 3 million transistor-ignition and capacitor-discharge systems were sold last year, in
addition to 1.6 million electronic tachometers and2 million sequential flashers. It's estimated thatthese sales were worth a total of $70 million at

DRIVER CONTROL

automobile factory prices.
Surprisingly, new-car sales account for only 15%of the transistor-ignition and capacitor-discharge
systems sold each year. Most of the units are purchased by sports car enthusiasts and motorists who
have trouble starting their cars on cold days. On
the other hand, the automakers aren't pushing thesesystems either, chiefly because they cost a great
deal more than standard ignition systems.
The advantages claimed for the transistor-ignition system are relative freedom from breaker-pointrelated troubles, improved gas mileage at highcruising speeds, and longer spark-plug wear. GM,
which developed the rival capacitor-discharge system, says the main disadvantage of transistor ignition is that it won't effectively restart a flooded
engine in cold weather.
By comparison, asserts Gm, its system makes foreasy starting in cold weather, appreciably lengthens
spark-plug life, and increases gas mileage at highspeeds. It is not being offered as standard equipment because of its higher cost—about $40 to themotorist—in comparison with conventional systems.
On another front, Ford has come up with anew
triggering system that does away with the familiar
breaker points used in all previous ignition systems.
This could be amajor step toward development ofa maintenance-free ignition system, since there's
no need to retime the engine or replace or adjust
the points. Ford hasn't said when the breakerless
ignition will be introduced, but rumor puts it in
one of the company's 1970 model cars.
The circuit, shown above, is basically a highfrequency blocking oscillator switched on and off
by metallic vanes on the distributor shaft. As the
shaft rotates, the vane passes through the transformer's air gap, reducing the feedback signal. At
agiven vane position, the oscillation stops abruptly.
Then, as the vane moves out of the air gap, the oscillator starts again. Thus the oscillator acts like a

POWER RELAY

HIGH
BEAM
BATTERY
-0>
LOW
BEAM
FOOT
SWITCHDIM
HOLDCONTROL CONTROLFUSE

Headlamp dimmer. When the photocell is in the dark, the amplifier in this GM system is turned off and battery
voltage is applied to the high beam. In bright light, the photocell's resistance is lowered and the amplifier is turned
on to switch the relay contacts to low beam.

92

Electronics

March 17, 1969

Market prospects
Although the automakers are often depicted as hard
and tightfisted bargainers, such electronics giants as
Motorola, Bendix, Toshiba, General Electric, and
RCA derive asubstantial portion of their total income
from dealings with the auto industry. In fact, John
Welty, vice president and director of operations forMotorola's Semiconductor Products division on automotive electronics, estimates that the automakers arebuying more than 72 million diodes ayear for use
in their alternators.
Welty says Motorola supplies more than half of
this total, and that Delco Radio, RCA, and Toshiba—in that order—account for the rest. There are indications, too, that Fairchild Semiconductor, Texas Instruments, and Westinghouse are making inroads inthe auto market.
It adds up. Aside from the semiconductor producers, who are estimated to gross more than $60
million annually from the auto industry, such companies as Kelsey-Hayes, which developed Ford's antilock braking system with an assist from n, Bendix
Automotive Electronics division, the biggest independent producer of sophisticated electronic gear forthe auto industry, Leece-Neville, and Stewart-Warnerrake in more than $100 million ayear from the automakers.
With an attractive market building for semiconductor products in general and Ic's in particular,
the question is why the automakers haven't entered
the field by acquiring any of anumber of small producers. The fact is that the Delco Radio division of
cm is the only major industry-owned subsidiary witha research and production capability in this field
rivaling, say, Motorola's. Ford's plans for its own
semiconductor outlet have been seriously set back by
the recent closing of the PhiIco-Ford microcircuits
facility in Santa Clara, Calif. Philco-Ford maintains
an lc facility in its Pennsylvania plant, but it isn't
big enough to meet all of Ford's requirements.
Chrysler has no semiconductor outlet of its own
and relies on outside suppliers, chiefly Bendix, for
its electronics. As aresult, Chrysler does not appear
to be acontender for leadership in the race toward
electronic vehicle control. In fact, the company has
just introduced atransistorized voltage regulator inits 1969 cars; cm, on the other hand, has moved
from its early thick-film design to monolithic lc's inthis application. American Motors has been left at
the starting gate with not asingle contribution to themove to automotive electronics.

switch opened and closed by the distributor vane.
As for tachometers, their principal outlet is, once

again, the sports car market. A number of thesemeters now use IC's while others rely on discretetransistor circuits. Most tachometers are designed
around amultivibrator that's triggered by apulse
from the auto's distributor. A motorist with standard transmission depends on a tachometer to tell
him the best time to shift gears; otherwise, its
function is mainly decorative.
An electronic sequential flasher, which has no

Electronics

March 17, 1969

moving parts, is inherently more reliable than the
motor-driven or relay-operated units. Typical electronic flashers employ a number of silicon controlled rectifiers, silicon unilateral switches, andtransistors to turn on aseries of three or more lamps
in sequence in the direction of turn. Some car manufacturers have already begun offering these items as
standard equipment.
High and low lights

A notable example of the switch to solid state
circuitry to reduce packaging size and cost and improve performance and reliability is GM's recent
decision to replace its vacuum tube-operated headlamp dimmer with the simple transistorized unit
on opposite page. Called Guide-Matic, the circuit
consists of adriver sensitivity control, apower relay unit that automatically switches the upper andlower headlight beams, aphotoamplifier that boosts
the control signal to the level required to operate
the relay, and an override foot switch that deactivates the system.
The amplifier consists of a photocell, an impedance-matching circuit, a d-e amplifier, a regenerative trigger stage, apower output stage, anda circuit that grounds the dim control when thephotocell is in darkness.
The system is initially adjusted to put the headlamp beam on high when the photocell is in darkness. In this condition, the voltage-divider actionof the high-resistance photocell, in series with the
DIM and HOLD controls, keeps the impedancematching stage at cutoff.
With the first stage turned off, the power output
stage is also off and the relay coil is de-energized.
When light above the dimming level shines on thephotocell, the first stage is turned on, causing thepower output stage to conduct and the relay toswitch the battery to low beam. When the motorist
depresses the override foot switch, the relay coilswitches battery voltage to the higher-beam lights.
Pointing the way

For application further in the future is an experimental system designed to give motorists routing
instructions at highway intersections. Recently developed by GM for the U.S. Bureau of Public Roads,
it will be tried out this spring in the Washington,
D.C., area. Called ERGS—Experimental Route Guidance System—the system consists of a low-powertransmitter and receiver mounted in the car, plus
associated roadside equipment.
When adriver leaves on atrip, he enters afiveletter coded word indicating his destination in asmall console mounted on the car's dashboard.
When he reaches an instrumented intersection, his
car's transmitter sends the coded message to theroadside equipment, which processes it and sends
back routing instructions that are displayed on apanel indicator. The instructions come from acornputer that stores information on the best routes
to various destinations. It sounds far-fetched, but
it will certainly spare travelers some headaches. •93Circuit design

Designer's casebook
High accuracy obtained frompeak detector using op amp
By Alex E. Vinatzer
Machine Tool Works Oerlikon-Buhrle Ltd., Zurich

A peak detector's accuracy can be improved athousand times with the addition of an operational
amplifier and afield effect transistor. In the basic
diode-capacitor peak detector, the capacitor's maximum voltage is subject to changes in the diode's
forward voltage drop due to changes in the charging current and temperature.
With the nulling switch open and a positive
voltage at the input, the circuit acts as an inverting
amplifier, with the output and input related by—(Rf/Ri)Vi.The error caused by the diodecan be neglected because it is divided by the loop
gain, which is 1,000 if the op amp's gain is 2,000
and Rf = 111.
As soon as the pulse's peak value has beenreached and the downward transition of the pulse
begins, the output is held constant at the peakvalue of the pulse, because the diode-capacitor
detector and the source follower can not follow thechange in polarity. The output remains constantafter the input signal reaches its maximum, because
if the input drops only slightly below the maximum,
this change is amplified by 1,000 and the diode istherefore reverse biased.
Since the reverse current of the diode (10 picoamps) and the FET (100 picoamps) are so small,the output voltage remains stored for a relatively
long time. The change in the output voltage after
tseconds is given by àV. = t(I,.
Ig)/C where

Dual transistor reduces errorof track and hold circuit
By G. Koch and U. Mocci
University of Rome, Italy

941111111011
111F detection.

Errors in diode-capacitor

peak detectors from temperature and charging
current variations are eliminated.

is the reverse current of the diode and I
g is theleakage current of the FET in amps, C is in farads,
and AV0 is in volts.
For fast rise times, the charging current of thecapacitor can be several hundred milliamps, andtherefore an additional emitter follower should beconnected between the output of the operational
amplifier and the diode.
The output can be adjusted for zero offset withzero input voltage, by closing the nulling switch
and adjusting the potentiometer.

The accuracy of asample and hold circuit increases
when a dual transistor placed at the input to an
operational amplifier limits the discharge currentof the feedback capacitor. This decreases the holding error at the output.
The control voltages at x and y open and closethe diode bridge. When the bridge closes, thediodes conduct and the circuit behaves as an in-Electronics lMarch 17, 1969verter to incoming signals. The overall gain is unity
because the feedback impedance equals the input
impedance.
After the control voltages reverse, the bridge
opens (hold time), and the input is prevented frombeing transmitted to the output. C1,however, maintains the output voltage at the level of the last
sampling.
During the hold time, the output isn't exactly
constant because the capacitor discharges a current through the amplifier's input. However; thedual transistor reduces the capacitor's discharge
current from 1microamp to 10 nanoamps, thus reducing the holding error. The choice of CIis acompromise in order to reduce the hold error and let
the tracking transient be exhausted. Ci's low value
allows low steady current through the bridge diodes, and, therefore, the output is less sensitive tosupply voltage variations.
For an input voltage range of .±.10 volts, afrequency range from d-c to 1kilohertz, and a temperature range of 0°C to 50°C, the static and dynamic accuracy is better than 0.1% full scale withaholding error of 1to 2millivolts.
The values in the circuit have been selected foratrack and hold time of 200 ¿sec.

10k
R1

+V
3.9k

2,000 pf

2,000 pf
CI

HE.

C2

+I5v

:Mr
1m

+5v

—15v
10m
10k
R2
BFY 81+5v

p.A709C

o

—5v
+I5v

k.A.A
1m

39k
5
-=

—15v
10m

Better tracking. The dual transistor reduces the
feedback capacitor's discharge current and,
therefore, reduces the hold error.

NAND gate inputs expandedby adding resistor

R Vcc
•ee
TERMINALR

3I

APPLIEDV„OUTPUT

By Robert L. FrankN

Sperry Gyroscope Co., Great Neck, N.Y.

Logic designers needing a NAND gate with more
inputs than are available in standard resistor transistor logic packages have two options open to
them: either cascade NAND and NOR or use special"gate expanders." But the first solution means using
more gates, and the second means using aspecial
package that usually has alimited use in the system. By changing the V„ to the standard RTL
package and adding aresistor, the designer avoids
the additional propagation delay caused by cascading gates and eliminates the need to handle andstock "gate expander" packages.
In the circuit, three separate 3-input gates in acommon package have been converted to a single
9-input gate. The output is high only when anegative voltage is applied to all inputs. The gates in
the package have been combined by tying the outputs together and adding a series resistor to theV„ voltage supply. This restores the paralleledElectronics

March 17, 1969L
cked. A new V„ applied through an esistor allows the collectors in a multiple-gate

to be tied together.

95

internal resistors to the original internal resistor
value. The circuit can be modified to include moreor fewer inputs as desired, but all the gates in one
package having a common V. terminal must be
used in one expanded gate, or left unused.

Since the scheme results in anonstandard voltage at V„ and the published circuit of the manufacturer is often only an approximate equivalent,
the modified circuit should be checked with the
manufacturer for product use.

moved, resulting in an objectionable click. A field
effect transistor as a voltage-controlled resistor
solves the problem by minimizing the interactionof control and signal circuits.
The squelch circuit shown has very short turn-on
and turn-off times and is free from clicks. The
By David A. Tong
Schmitt trigger, consisting of transistors Q1, Q2,
and Q3,has low hysteresis. The amplitude from the
University of Glasgow
receiver's i-f stage needed to trigger the circuit isset by R1.When Q3 is off the FET's resistance isFast response is difficult to attain when squelching about 250 kilohms and causes alarge attenuation in
the signal. The FET's resistance drops to about 500
involves biasing an audio amplifier stage off, beohms
when Q3 is on with negligible attenuation. A
cause the large input and output capacitors resist
0.1-microfarad
capacitor gives fast, reliable squelch
rapid d-c changes to the stage. Diode gates are aoperation with signals whose amplitudes are equalpoor substitute, because the control current causes
avoltage step at the output when the muting is re- to the noise peaks.

Squelch acts fasterwith FET gate

—10v

FROM

47pf

OUTPUT
I-F
STAGE

OUTPUT
TO AUDIOAMPLIFIER

SQUELCHSENSITIVITY

RI
200 k

LOW LEVEL A-F OUTPUT FROMRECEIVER DETECTOR DIODE

hilki gietat

is off, the FET's resistance is 250 kilohms and causes large attenuation to signl7he FETrS resistanceto 500 ohms and shows only negligible attenuation when Q. turns on.

96

dro

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Op amp sine wave oscillator

OUTPUT

uses diodes for stability
by Lindsay Molyneux
University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, England

50k
10k

OP AMP

An engineer who builds an audio oscillator thatuses an operational amplifier finds that stabilizing
the output by means of conventional components
is his main difficulty. Stable oscillations require an
overall system gain to equal unity. If the gain isgreater, the oscillations build up until limited by
distortion; if less, the circuit won't oscillate at all.
The circuit shown avoids the usual adjustment
needed to get aloop gain of unity, by acting as again. The diodes are used to stabilize thepulse-excited tuned circuit, the frequency of which
ircuit's oscillations and keep the overall gain
is IhritC.
tunity. Frequency is determined by Wien bridge.
When the output voltages are too low to set off
forward conduction of the diodes, the amplifier's
gain is high (the negative feedback loop is open)
and the output tends to increase rapidly because determined by the negative feedback loop.
the positive feedback path is closed. As soon as one
A potentiometer regulates the output amplitude;of the diodes conducts, the gain drops to a value an increase in amplitude results in less distortion.

Negative signals converted
to positive logic
By J. A. D'Cunha
McCurdy Radio Industries Ltd., Toronto

Most digital integrated circuits that use positive
supply voltages in the range of 3.6 to 7.0 volts also
require positive input control logic. However, thecircuit shown transforms even a negative control
signal, if that's all that's available, into the required
positive logic at clock rates from d-c to greater than
2megahertz. The problem involves more than justthe simple inversion of the control signal. Negatived-c voltage levels below zero must be changed tothe system's positive logic level.
In the absence of an input, the circuit draws only
negligible leakage currents from the turned-off
transistors. When anegative pulse or level is delivered to the input, all three transistors are switched
on, and the inverted signal then appears at the output.
The noise immunity of the circuit is better than
400 millivolts tested over a temperature range ofElectronics

March 17, 1969

ranslator. This circuit transforms negative
control signals to the positive logic of digital
IC's. Delay is less than 10 nanoseconds.

0° to 100° centigrade.
This circuit's simplicity allows it to be easily
built on a single chip as an integrated circuit for
use in logic design.

97

Electronics'
guide

Afour-daystand under
IEEE's big top
March24to27

For children, the circus comes to New York in May. But forengineers, the greatest show on earth arrives in March. The
1969 edition opens next week at the New York Coliseum; whenthe IEEE closes after four days, about 70,000 engineers, salesmen, and students will have been through the aisles.
Coliseum exhibits will be stacked in the same order as lastyear. The first floor will feature machinery and hardware; thesecond floor, instruments, computers, and communications
equipment; the third floor, components and more instruments; and the fourth floor, more components and produc-tion materials and services. *********************
But the show won't be all selling, job-switching andpamphlets-collecting. Technical sessions at the NewYork Hilton
promise valuable state-of-the-art information in many areas.
And to round out the week, on Friday, March 28, Electronics
will sponsor a symposium, "The Changing Interface — an
IC/Systems Seminar," at the Park Sheraton Hotel. Here, theproblems of putting large-scale integration into practice will
be explored in terms of how deeply the IC maker and systems
manufacturer are likely to invade one another's territory.

WONDERFUL TOWN?
Back again is that ever-popular troupe of highwire, performers — the microwaves.
The why and what of computer solutions tomicrowave problems will be covered Tuesday
morning, while time- and frequency-domain reflectometry will take the spotlight that afternoon.
There'll be a Wednesday morning discussion of
low-noise amplifiers, and aWednesday afternoon
review of high-power, gridded, linear-beam, andcrossed-field tubes. Also of interest will be asession on microwave IC's, with the emphasis on
fabrication, testing, and avionics applications,and on the influence of innovation in this field.

* More power to you *The semiconductor jugglers—both circuit and device designers—will present two
technical sessions on industrial applications
for high-power devices. On Tuesday morning, there'll be "Static Converters—World
Wide," and on Tuesday afternoon, a discussion of thyristors, transistors, zener
diodes, and thick-film circuits. Radiation
damage and hardened devices will be covered Thursday morning. Both bipolar and
MOS devices will be discussed at this sessionin terms of radiation tolerances.

No one has ever written asong about March in New York.
It's difficult to rhapsodize about amonth that can see
rain turn to sleet and then snow, heaps of dirty slush wilt
into filthy puddles, and gentle zephyrs shift to vicious,
chilling winds. So New Yorkers, who've made the art ofsurvival away of life, comfort themselves with theknowledge that if they don't like the prevailing weather, it'sbound to be better than what's coming. So much forwhat kind of clothing to pack.
For transportation around Manhattan it's best to hailacab. While there are buses (crowded) and subways(noisy and dirty), routes are very difficult for the visitor to
figure out (the official Manhattan subway map looks
like asignal-flow graph gone mad), and the natives are
sometimes less than helpful.
A trip to New York has its benefits, too, of course.
Theaters abound within walking distance of the Hilton,
which is within walking distance of the Coliseum.
However, it's difficult to get tickets for hit shows like
"Hair" or "The Great White Hope"; your best bet is to try
the box office on aweekday night or aticket agency any
night if you're willing to pay the commission.
New York is one of the world's great girl-watchingcities. Rockefeller Plaza at lunchtime is prime territory,
as is the fountain in front of the Hotel Plaza (Fifth
Avenue and 59th Street).
Finally, for long-range watchers there's the top of the
Emipre State Building. From there, on aclear day you
can see New Jersey (the next best thing to forever).

OHERENT CLARITY AND LIGHT—that's

the welcome touch in this year's laser
sessions. The papers scheduled all
point up the fact that this muchpublicized device, which has promised so muchfor so long, is finally being used in industry.
The first of four laser meetings will center on
the advantages of acoustical-optical interactions.
Topics here will include deflection, modulation,and signal processing for radar, delay lines, andcommunications.
The Laser Comes of Age—a two-part session—
will focus first on the cutting, drilling, and welding of IC's. In the second part, panelists will describe wideband laser recorders and laser metrology and alignment systems.
Finally, there'll be a session on holographic
and imaging systems. Panelists will discuss theuses of holography in microscopy and opthalmology, and will describe scanning-laser-beam imaging, real-time optical-image processing, and holographic memories.

IC's will starat tech sessions
as well as in booths
Those marvelous midgets, the integrated circuits, will bepresent in strength at both the product displays and technical sessions. A course in IC fundamentals will run all
four days, from 8:30 to 10 a.m.
Aside from these meetings, aTuesday morning session
will take up the controversial question of thick- versus
thin-film hybrid IC's. Applications and the materials andcomponents capabilities of each type will be discussed.
And design engineers should find the meetingon LSI especially interesting; it will covercircuit designs and applications.

IN THE CENTER RING, THE MAIN ATTRACTION
And now, what you've all been waiting for—this year's

now is that this ratio will be reversed by 1975. II R

superstar, a dazzling delight, a veritable wonder of

In line with this trend, asession on computer peri-

the ages, a pageant of pulsating picoseconds—thecomputer. The IEEE's new emphasis on these ma-

pherals has won a spot in the center ring. But of thesession's five papers, three are on the subject ofchines is reflected in the fact that it's slated no fewer

magnetic tapes and two are on displays. Whateverthan 11 sessions, including two all-day tutorial sem-

became of high-speed printers and optical characterinars, on computer-related topics. II

readers?

One of the major trends in the computer industry
recently has been the growth of peripheral-equipment

However, asession on the threat of semiconductor
arrays to entrenched forms of computer memories issales relative to sales of central processors. II II According to one oft-quoted statistic, of every computer

aimed square astthe future. And another particularly

dollar spent in 1955, 80 cents went for processing

the suitability of various computers for particularcapability and 20 cents for peripherals; the feelingapplications. IIinteresting session should be one on how to judge

444
YOU CAN EAT inexpensively in New York, the saying goes, if you don't eat
much.
But like most old saws , this one is only half true; the enthusiastic
restaurant explorer is bound to find a place to satisfy his palate and bud-************************************

get in a town with as many ea ting places as New York.
To be very general
about the midtown cornucopia, the .visitor can sample the best in French foodalmost anywhere in the area, but especially on
55th and 56th Streets east of Sixth Avenue, or
he can try the best in steaks on East 45thStreet (The Cattleman, Pen & Pencil, Press Box)or at Manny Wolf's on Third Avenue.
And if he
opts for delicatessen fare, there's that famous
stretch along Seventh Avenue in the 50's.

Andmuch, much more -- far more than can even be touched ou here.
The number andvariety of restaurants -- Italian, Chinese, German, Greek, Armenian, Scandinavian -- is almost limitless.
Perhaps the best tip we could give would be tonote that the Manhattan Yellow Pages list restaurants by type or specialty andthat excellent paperback guides

to restaurants are available at most newsstands

Computers

All-IC hybrid computer eliminates
the patchwork from programing
With afew simple sweeps of alight pen across the faceof acrt, the operator can make programing changes
quickly and conveniently and store them in the memory

By Kazuo Kurokawa
Electrotechnical Laboratory, Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Tokyo

Remember the analog computers that used programing patchboards and vacuum tubes? Well,they're still with us today, even though we're supposed to be in an era of solid state circuits andhigh-capacity memory systems. The fact is, only
digital computers have benefited from such advances. But now this has changed. A new hybrid
computing system has been developed that uses aswitching matrix rather than apatchboard to interconnect computing blocks and uses new, stable
integrated circuits for the active elements.
For the user, this means faster, more convenient
setup and programing changes. But to achieve this,the computer designer had to take advantage ofthe capabilities of new input terminals—a light pen
and cathode ray tube—and amagnetic storage system, combining them with aferreed switching matrix that interconnects the various integrators,
potentiometers, and other computer blocks.
New hybrid IC's, built around standard monolithic IC's, had to be developed, since available
types have not measured up to the performance
demanded by an analog computer; such precision
circuits have not been produced in large quantities because the market for analog computers islimited. The analog machine's small signals require
amplifiers with high gain, low noise, and low drift.
These amplifiers must have ahigh input impedance
to make the adders and integrators accurate enough.
All the operator need do is select the computing
elements, draw the interconnection diagram on the
crt with a light pen, press a few buttons on the
console; the connections are made instantaneously
in the computer.
If he wants to eliminate completed connections,
he touches the light pen to the parts he wants

100

erased and presses another button, and the unwanted connections disappear. He can reduce any
part of the pattern and place it in acorner of thescreen, making more room for the section he isworking on. He can store his program on paper
tape, run it at any time, and compile it so it can be
run using different system parameters. The operator's program controls feireed switches that set up
the computer electrically.
The computer stores the operator's program in
the following manner. Each symbol's pattern isstored in the drum memory as aprogram that is
put into operation by pressing the SYMBOL DISPLAY
button. The symbol program is transferred to thecore memory when the operator presses the GO
button. To have any symbol displayed on the crt,
the operator pushes the key marked by that symbolon the front panel, pushes the SYMBOL SIZE andSYMBOL DIRECTION keys, and sets the INDICATORINPUT key to the element's number. This specifies
the symbol and its size, direction, and number.
He moves a "tracking cross pattern" with thelight pen to the exact location on the screen where
he wants the element's output terminal to appear.
The coordinates of this point are computed fromthe tracking cross pattern's position by countersand stored as part of the pattern display's program. When the GO button is pushed, the programfor generating the pattern is activated and the element appears with its output terminal at the location specified by the light pen.
The program activates a particular element in
the computer specified by the indicator key's number. The next pattern is positioned on the screenin the same way using the light pen to designate
its new coordinates. When all the elements in theElectronics

March 17, 1969

ETL HYBRID COMPUTER
sou

•

L
un
3a3

q -74
2.
11
tioî

jai

"

Prototype. The hybrid computer, composed of an integrated circuit analog computer,adigital computer, and acathode ray tube display unit, gives a solution by merely drawing
an analog set-up diagram on acrt display unit.

Display. An analog computer set-up diagram is shownon the screen of the crt display unit.

operator's program are positioned correctly on thescreen, the function key SYMBOL CONNECT on thecontrol panel is pushed. This specifies the programthat connects the elements. The operator presses
the CO button and the program is transferred to thecore memory.
The tracking cross pattern is moved by the light
pen to each input and output terminal that is to beconnected. The input and output terminals of thecomputing elements are points. These points are
made brighter than the symbol outline so they canemit enough light to be sensed by the light pen's

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

photo-diode.
The line sewnent connecting the elements appears on the screen after the CO button is pushed.
The symbol-connection program uses the coordinates specified by the tracking cross pattern todirect which ferreed switches will be activated inconnecting the computing elements.
The switching matrix consists of 105 microferreed switch units, each of which is an 8-by-8 matrix
containing 64 double-pole, single-throw switches.
The switch units are similar to those used in telephone exchanges and have alife expectancy from25 to 40 years.
Computing elements and ferreed switches are
divided into three groups, and an equation can besolved by the computing elements in one group.
For those equations where one group is insufficient,asmall number of elements from the other groups
can be connected by acentral switching exchange.
Each group contains the same line-up: 10, integrators, 10 summing amplifiers, 4 multipliers, 2high-gain amplifiers, 24 potentiometers, 3 nonlinear computing elements, and 34 ferreed switch
units to interconnect the elements. There's also acentral matrix composed of three ferreed switch
matrixes.
The switching units for atypical group have 13
output-matrix units. Some of these contain eight
inputs and 16 outputs for connections to integrators and summing amplifiers; the others containeight inputs and eight outputs for potentiometers—and 21 input-matrix units with eight inputs andeight outputs each. Integrators and summing amplifiers have four inputs each, and therefore two ofthese elements can be connected to one input
matrix.

101

Pattern generation

DIGITAL COMPUTERI

ANALOG COMPUTER

PULSE
GENERATORANALOGCOMPUTERPAPER TAPE
BUFFERMAGNETICTAPEt =BUFFERREGISTER••••FERREED
MATRIX

WIRE SPRINGRELAYDIGITALCOMPUTERCORE
MEMORY

BRIGHTNESSCONTROLREGISTERBUFFERREGISTERDRUMMEMORY
COORDINATESREGISTERDRUM CLOCK
COUNTERPOSITION
GENERATOR
MAINDEFLECTIONAMP.

VECTOR
GENERATOR

1(Ax,Ay.) SIZE

DIRECTIONREGISTERBUFFERREGISTER

1-I

KEYBOARD

BRIGHTNESSCONTROLREGISTERREVERSIBLE
COUNTERREGISTERPATTERN
GENERATORPOTENTIOMETERPATTERN
GENERATORSUBDEFLECTIONAMP

CRT DISPLAYI

SPECIALPATTERN
GENERATORGENERATOR

Signal flow. The pattern for each computing element is stored in the magnetic drum memory. When the keyboard's
SYMBOL DISPLAY and GO buttons are pushed, this information is transferred to the computer core memory. The
operator then selects a computing element on the keyboard, and its pattern information is transferred to a display
track on the drum. This information is sent to the display unit as the display signal.

Initial conditions to integrators are connected via
the input matrixes. Inputs to the peripheral equipment, such as the X-Y and penwriting recorders,can be connected either through the input matrix
in the same manner as the computing elements or
through the central matrix.
Wire-spring relays that select the ferreed matrix
configuration are driven electrically. Pulses operate the ferreed switches, and the interconnections
between the computing elements are completed.
The ferreed switches act in accordance with decisions transmitted to them from the digital computer.
The tracking cross pattern consists of 25 dots
arranged on eight radial lines with equal angularspacings of 45°. It is generated by counter circuitsthat keep track of the number of distance units

102

that the pattern is moved on the crt face and feed
the information to the digital computer to be stored
on the drum as pattern-origin information. Positive and negative x and y pulses and a stop signal
are generated by a drum clock counter that feeds
each signal to one of five AND gates. When the light
pen senses a dot on the tracking cross pattern, apulse is generated to the other input of all five AND
gates. If the pen is placed on adot in the positive x
direction, an x+ pulse arrives together with the
pen's pulse to an AND gate that triggers an x reversible counter. Then, as the pen is moved in thex+ direction, the counter positions the tracking
cross pattern to each new location specified by thepen. In this way, the counters can direct the tracking cross pattern in any of the eight directions.
Though it moves one unit at atime, the movement

Electronics

March 17, 1969

FROM
CENTRAL
MATRIX-5v+5v

TO CENTRAL MATRIX
Getting switched on. The computing elements areinterconnected by ferreed switch matrixes. The switches
are driven by computer commands stored in the drum.
The A matrixes connect the output terminals and thematrixes connect the input terminals of thePattern display. Typical patterns generated by thecomputing elements.

computer are shown as they appear to the operator on
the crt. The 12 dots above the output terminals indicate
the number of the element in binary-coded decimal
notation. The left-hand column is the hundreds digit,
the center is the tens digit, and the right-hand column
is the units digit. The input at the top of the summingoointegrator is for initial conditions. The junction pointoconnects groups reduced in size and displayed at theedge of the screen to a larger group being manipulated.

TIME

TIME

STOP
X,
y*
Y-

LIGHT PEN OUTPUT SIGNAL

IFI
I

Tracking cross pattern. The pattern of dots is generated

appears continuous because the basic unit issmall permitting the control circuitry to operate
quickly.
With the pen placed at apoint to locate the integrator, the operator pushes the co button. The
coordinates of this point, which are monitored by
the reversible counters, are sent to the computer.
During the display cycle, the information is readout from memory in the form of signals transmitted
to adeflection amplifier that positions the crt beam
to the desired origin. When the integrator key isselected, a program activated from memory operates ,c and y registers in the sub-deflection circuit.
The binary information from the computer is converted to analog signals that direct the beam intracing out the integrator pattern.
Making modifications

position the crt display beam.

The display of interconnection line segments issimilar to pattern displays. Each line segment isstored as avector containing initial and final position coordinates. Only straight lines can be generated, but they can have any slope. After the tracking cross pattern has been placed at the output
terminal of the element by the light pen, theElectronics IMarch 17, 1969103

by the Xx and Ay signals, which originate from thedrum clock counter. The stop signal and the x and ypulses feed AND gates, which become energized when
the light pen touches a dot. The pattern serves as areference frame for the computer so it knows where toScaling the hybrid-computer's variables
To facilitate amplitude and time scaling, the integrators in the computer are arranged in groups offive. Each integrator group contains at its input adigital potentiometer with a range from 0.001 to 1
and an amplifier with gains of 1, 10, and 100.
Potentiometer values are selected by ferreed switches
and can be changed in increments of 0.001 tochange time-scale factors. Time scale of all stages
can be changed in one operation.
Similar potentiometers and amplifiers are at each
integrator's output for amplitude scaling. These arealso ganged to provide simultaneous control. A
reciprocal amplitude scale gain-control unit closes
the loop. As the digital computer varies the scale
factor, the operator watches the answer and selects
the most appropriate factor.
More systematic. The usual method of finding
the time and amplitude scale factors, a and /3, isby trial and error. In the new hybrid computer, thescale factors are introduced in a more systematicmanner. The following equation illustrates themethodY" (t) ± ai Y'(t) ± ao (t) = 0
3e (0 )=3eoy(0) = yo

The independent variable can be related to themachine time, r, by the transformation equation
r= at

.-,

The dependent variable can be represented in
the computer by a voltage of Y. Equation (1) isrewritten
a2 Y"(r) + aiYi(r) +a ° Y (r) = 0
aY'(o) = yo'

Y(o) = yo

It is reasonable to relate the variable Y to the corresponding machine variable X through the amplitude scaling
X = /3Y

and the resulting machine equation can be written
a2 X" (r) ± aa ir (r) ± aoX (7) = 0
X(o) ' WO

aX' (0) = igYo'

Solving for the double derivative
X"(r) = —!1-r(r) — a -X(r)aa2
The time scale factor cannot be set up simply.
In a nonlinear equation, amplitude and time scale
factors are combined in one potentiometer setting,and this increases the complexity of the problem.
The new method makes systematic use of the1/
a rate of change of the variable on the time axis
so that the variables of time in equation (1) become:Y"(r), Y'(r), and Y(r). The new (amplitude scaled)machine variables are made Y"(r), Mr) and pY(r)which now become X"(r), X'(r), and X(r).
The new time variable is set up on the computeras the constant of the integrators, and the rate ofchange of this variable on the time axis is 1/a realtime, so the speed of integration must be 1/a realtime. The diagram shows how the equation is set
up in terms of the scaled variables.
Each of the two integrators, j' and j2, has apotentiometer connected in series with its input.
If the output of j2 is aY'(r), then the output of Ji
must be Y(r). If aY'(r) and Y(r) are each multipliedby j9, the products will be aX'(r) and X(r). The
output of potentiometer P'2 is —aX'(r), and theoutput of potentiometer P'1 is —X (r), so the outputof the summing amplifier is —a2X"(r). If —a2X"(r)is multiplied by —11$, its output is a2Y"(r), whichis the signal required to close the loop.
Potentiometers P1,P2, P 1, P'2, P '3, P " 1, and P " 2
are all digital. The nonprimed potentiometers arebuilt into the input of the integrators and are ganged
to facilitate adjusting the time scale. The primed
potentiometers are built into the output leads ofthe integrators and are ganged to facilitate adjusting
the amplitude scale. The double-primed potentiometers are independent units used where needed forsetting the coefficients.
a and j3 are set for the appropriate values by thefollowing steps'• P"1 and P"2 are set to coefficients ao and al.
• Values thought to be appropriate for a and /3 are selected and set by potentiometergroups (P i,P2) and (P'1, P'2,
P'3).
• The step above is repeatedas many times as necessary toobtain the appropriate values
for aand fl.

104

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

INPUT

Booster. Because the open-loop gain and
Top and bottom views. The complete summing amplifier

the input impedance are too low

consists of a monolithic integrated-circuit operational

to build the summing amplifier

amplifier, four metal oxide semiconductor field effectwith just an operational amplifier,transistors, thin-film resistors, discrete-component

a MOS differential amplifier is used as thecapacitors, and a potentiometer.

input stage to the op amp.

vector writing button is pushed. The pen is thenplaced at the input of the next computing element
displayed. When the GO button is pushed, a line
connecting the two terminals appears on the screen.
The coordinates of the straight-line segments are
stored in the memory.
The diagram can be easily corrected or modified
by the light pen and the pushbuttons on the control
desk. To erase apattern, the light pen is touched
to the output terminal of the element and the SYMBOL ERASE button is pushed. A line segment canbe erased by pushing the CONNECT ERASE button,
which calls up the erase program from memory,and then touching the light pen to the end points.
Initial conditions are drawn on the crt in muchthe same way as the setup diagram, except that thevoltage reference is the 5 volts used for the IC's.
Multiplier factors can be varied over arange of 105
from 0.001 to 100. Potentiometers cover a rangeof 0.001 to 1, and amplifier gains can be varied insteps of 1, 10, and 100.
The hybrid IC operational amplifiers are built
around the µPC 51 and 11PC 53 monolithic circuits
made by the Nippon Electric Co. The characteristics of the »PC 51 are similar to those of theµA 702 developed by Fairchild; the »PC 53 differs
mainly in an added output buffer stage that lets
the amplifier drive lower impedance loads. TheµPC 53 can deliver full voltage output for loads of
2 kilohms or greater, while the itPC 51 cannot
deliver full voltage output unless the load is greaterthan 100 kilohms.

The i.tPC 53 was adequate for asumming amplifier only with the addition of ahigh input-impedance MOS FET differential amplifier as apreamplifier. This was mainly because of the op amp's low
input resistance and high input bias currents andthe lack of sufficient gain at 0.1% accuracy.
So as not to deteriorate the IC's performance, it
was important that the differential amplifier's output voltage be kept within the limits of the linear
input range of the µPC 53—+1 volt to —3 volts.
The MOS FET's were biased to operate in the saturation region. The sum of their drain-to-source
voltages was kept below the negative supply voltage of —6 volts. To operate within the saturation
region, Q2's drain-to-source voltage had to be atleast 4volts or more. Consequently, Qi's drain-tosource voltage is less than 2volts and its pinch-off
voltage had to be lowered by applying anegative
bias to its substrate.
In addition to the IC op amp, the complete summing amplifier comprises the MOS FET's, tantalum
nitride thin-film resistors, discrete capacitors, and asmall potentiometer for zero adjustment. The amplifier is built on aceramic substrate.
To build an integrator with an accuracy of 0.1%,
chopper-stabilized amplifiers had to be used at the
input to the »PC 53 to increase its gain and reduce
its drift. And the integrators had to operate bothquickly and slowly; the standard computing time
for slow operation is 2minutes, ano repetitive periods for fast operation are 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 10, 5,
and 2.5 milliseconds.

Electronics iMarch 17, 1969

105

c
g

R1:R2:20k
R3.R4: 2k.20k
R .200R8.200
R10'1k
Cf.2pf
C =5,000 pf
C8' 200 pf

BIAS

1(

EIN
_

3SK14
4
UNITS

=

EOUT

10k

I 0.014

C10 r5 Pf+10+8-

0: NO LOAD
b: CL.1000 pf
C: Cc 3000 pf

+6
db +4

+2 y

10-khz SQUARE WAVE10ko10-khz SQUARE WAVE

-2

1k

01

m 0.05µf

0.2
1

01
.4

0.17 11.0
2.0
f(Mhz)

4.0

7
.10 1
0
1

Obtaining higher accuracy. The d-c gain of the ttPC 53

Response. The curves show the frequency response underoperational amplifier is insufficient to construct andifferent loading conditions with the selected values for

integrator with an accuracy of 0.1%, so chopper-

the phase compensation circuit. The drift is 1millivolt

stabilized amplifiers are used for the reduction of drift

per day at room temperature for unity-gain amplifiers.

and increase in gain.

The noise at the input is about 3 mv peak-to-peak.

LOW FREQUENCY I
GAIN

HIGH FREQUENCY
GAIN

120
1
CHOPPERAMPLIFIER
GAIN 1

100
80

GAIN

0 60
MAIN
AMPLE! ER
GAIN

40 40
80 20
lî 0 0\PHASE GAIN
(8 °) ldb)

10

10

10

10 6

1
10 7

w(rod/sec)

Stability. Curves show gain and phase shift versus
frequency for the chopper-stabilized operational
amplifiers. For low-frequency signals, the chopper
amplifier provides enough gain and the amp's gain is
the sum (in decibels) of the gains of the chopper
amplifier and the main amplifier. Phase lag is determined
mainly by the chopper amplifier. For high-frequency
signals, the gain of the chopper amp falls below 0
decibels and the op amp's characteristics are
determined solely by the main amplifier. For signals
at the borderline, phase-shift dependence changes
from the chopper amplifier to the main amplifier,with arapid change occurring over anarrow frequency
range. As long as the phase shift remains below 90°,
the amplifier will be stable when connected in afeedback
configuration.

106

The chopper circuit, whose main amplifier is ap.PC 51 because low output impedance is not required for this function, is composed of four moS
FET 's arranged in a double-twin circuit (top left).
The circuit is active on both positive and negative
half cycles of the excitation input, and thus gives
twice the gain of a simpler circuit active on only
the positive or the negative half cycles. The doubletwin circuit also compensates for the spike voltages induced by the chopper excitation signals.
Picking the parameters
The 10-kilohertz chopper excitation frequency
was chosen to minimize the size of the capacitors
in the filter circuits. The over-all d-c gain of the
chopper-stabilized operational amplifier is 125 decibels, and the input impedance is about 20 kilohms.
The integrator's capacitors are determined from thehold-mode characteristics for the integrator. The
accuracy of integrators in the hold mode must be
kept to within 0.1% during computation. In lowspeed operation, this condition requires that the
feedback capacitor he greater than 3 microfarads.
Ten-pf polycarbonate capacitors were chosen—eventhough the dissipation factors of polycarbonate
capacitors are inferior to those of polystyrenes—
because the polycarbonates are only about 1/25 aslarge.
In repetitive operation, the feedback capacitor
must be greater than 5,000 picofarads for a 100millisecond period, because the frequency characteristic of the chopper-stabilized amplifiers is es-

Electronics

March 17, 1969

Rf
10 6

to 8

10 5 2X10 4 10 4+A(X+Y)

1

I

I
10 7

I

I
I

I

10 6

ERROR LESS
THAN 0.1%

1+A(Y X)
\•\

io 3
10 1
20 -5

ERROR
GREATER
THAN 0.1%

10 -4

10 -3

10 -2

10 -1

10

10 2

(rod/sec)
Integrator resistance. Integrating resistance was decided
from the integration error, which depends upon thegain of the operational amplifiers, the time constant of
the integrators, and the input impedance. The light-shaded
region shows that the error is less than 0.1% for lowspeed operation at a capacitance of 10 microfarads.
For wide-band operation, at least a 100-kilohm resistor

SQUARING ELEMENT

is needed.
KI(X+Y) 2-(X+Y) 2 .-X 2 -Y 2 -2XY

1
2. K2(X-Y )2+(X-Y) 2 -X 2 +Y 2 -2XY

e.- KI(X+Y) 2-4XY
sentially that of the main amplifiers, and the input
impedance is 5 kilohms. For design simplicity, a E0. KXY
10,000-pf polystyrene integrating capacitor is used
THE SECOND OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER INVERTS SIGNAL (-4XY) AND
for all repetitive periods.
ADJUSTS COEFFICIENT SO E0.KXY
The integrating resistance, however, was based
Multiplier configuration. The coefficient ofon the integration error, which depends upon the
one squaring element is usually not precisely thegain of the amps, the time constant of the integrators, and the input impedance. The hatched same as that of the other. They must be
identical, though, to obtain the desired result.
region of the graph (top left) shows that the
Potentiometer 13,, is used to adjust theerror of the integrators, when the capacitance is
10 p.f, is less than 0.1% for low-speed operation. A gain of the upper squaring element's output
resistance value of 20 kilohms was chosen based so that its coefficient is identical withthat of the lower squaring element. Then theon the requirement that the integrators respondoutputsignal and level is adjusted by
to at least 5 times the maximum repetitive frepotentiometer
1:i, so that when thequency.
input to each of the two input terminals is one
The changeover from low speed to repetitive
operation is done with miniature relays. Therefore machine unit, the output signal isthe effect of crosstalk can be reduced to a negli- also one machine unit.
gible value.
Circle tests, used to give an indication of integrator performance, showed that the over-all accuracy of the integrators was 0.2% at 16 kilohertz.
and suitable for use with IC's. Their accuracy at
The holding error for 2 minutes is within 5 millismall signal levels is good because of their convolts for the 10-,uf capacitors, and the integrators
tinuous parabolic characteristics, and their freare stable with a load capacitance that is at least
quency bandwidth—almost the same as for the IC
1,500 picofarads.
operational amplifiers—was considered to be wide
The multipliers developed for the computer are
enough.
of the quarter-square type, using mos FET's as
The input signal range of the mOS FET is 1 tothe squaring elements. mos FET's are known for
3 volts peak-to-peak, so the signal level of thetheir parabolic characteristics in both the saturaanalog computer (zt 5 volts) must be attenuatedtion and nonsaturation regions. They are small
at the circuit input. •Electronics

March 17, 1969

107

Memories XVII

Cryoelectric memories: best hopefor large and fast storage units
The devices will be both speedier and cheaper than present types;
asingle driver can handle agreat number of storage elements
and asingle amplifier can sense many memory positions

By Robert A. Gange
RCA Laboratories, Princeton, N.J.

Faster and cheaper memories than any available
This is the seventh installment in Electronics' connow—that's the promise held out by research on
tinuing series on memory technology, which begancryoelectric memories.
in the October 28, 1968, issue.
In acryoelectric unit, one driver can actuate up
to 10,000 times as many storage elements as in conventional magnetic or semiconductor memories, andasingle amplifier can sense as many more memory culates indefinitely in the absence of resistance, justpositions. What's more, these elements can work as aferrite core retains amagnetic flux indefinitely.
To compare the inherent performance capabilities
very fast, with minimum noise, because they havevery low power densities and an extremely non- of different systems based on different technologies
linear transition between the superconducting and but serving acommon purpose, acommon denominator must be found that transcends design innovanormal states.
tion and is more basic than such parameters as
The basis for these assertions is a "technology
performance index" that compares various memory speed. Such a denominator can be derived fromforms from the point of view of aphysicist rather physical constants such as the speed of light andthan that of an engineer. This index shows that the characteristic impedance of transmission lines.
In all memory systems, an input signal selects afurther development of cryoelectric technology isvery worthwhile, even with room-temperature mag- particular bit or word in preparation for storing
netic and semiconductor technologies' rapid evolu- data or interrogating previously stored data. Ittion. Even the sophisticated refrigerators to attain propagates along aline of B bits spaced X meters
the extremely low operating temperatures that cryo- apart, during a time interval determined by theelectric memories require are only aminor problem. length of the input line, BX, and the velocity of
One large-scale cryoelectric memory design has propagation 1/ (LC), or
been successfully worked out. It relies upon anew
= (L/C)i
memory element and anew organization to maximize speed and minimize cost. And it indicates that where L and C are the distributed inductance andcapacitance per meter of the input line.. But thethe predictions based on the technology performcharacteristic impedance of the input line isance index are fully realizable.
Cryoelectric memories are based on an exotic
T = BX(LC)i
physical phenomenon called superconductivity—theassuming that the line is lossless. In terms of chardisappearance of electrical resistance from certain
acteristic impedance, therefore, the propagationmaterials at temperatures near absolute zero, in theabsence of amagnetic field [see "Removing resist- time along the line is either
ance," p. 1111. These memories can be built of a
T = BXCZ. or T = BXL/Z,
large number of ring-shaped storage elements, eachof which can retain asmall electric current that cir- substituting for L or for C respectively.

108

Electronics

March 17, 1969

Therefore, if the maximum number of bits per
second transeerred to or from the system is /3,

p-= BIT = Z./ LX = 1/ CXZ.
The second equality applies to cryoelectric andother magnétic memories, and the third to metaloxide semiconductor memories, in terms of theruling reactance in the respective cases.
This represents an absolute upper limit on therate at which information can be stored or retrieved.
An output constraint, a, corresponding to the
input constraint, /3, depends on the technology being considered.
In a magnetic memory, each storage element
counles a useful maximum flux linkage, (¢, to theoutnut. This is less than the total input flux for that
bit, because of losses in the memory. The input
flux per bit equals the product of the input current,
Vin/Z„, and the inductance per bit, Li.X. The output'
parameter, «, is, by definition, the ratio of theminimum input voltage to the maximum output
flux oraVickout

Substituting the greater value of the input flux inthe denominator of this fractiona>V(L 1„X) V/Z 0

L1,, X

common-mode and other forms ofcoherent noise, the transition fromcryogenic to room temnerature
generates thermal noise. This remains relatively small if the memory output signal is boosted by atransformer on the cryogenic sideof the interface, so that the thermal noise is only a small fractionof the signal presented to the amplifier.
The factor y depends on thetransformer turns ratio, the inductances in the storage element that
determine current paths when data
is being stored, and the ratio of thecurrents used when data is being
stored. The maximum value of y isabout 360; currently attained values
are closer to 5or 10.
Because the input parameter,is the maximum number of bits
per second transferred into thesystem, it's also ameasure of system bandwidth. The outnut parameter, «, is the ratio of an input
quantity to an output quantity, andas such is a measure of systemcost.

An analogous situation exists in semiconductor
memories built with moS storage elements, exceptthat the coupling constraint relates to electriccharge instead of flux linkage. The mOS element
couples amaximum charge, Q, to the output. Thisis less than the input charge; the latter, in turn,equals the product of the input voltage, IZ, andthe capacitance per bit, CX. In this case, the definition of the output parameter, again denoted by «,is the ratio of the minimum input current to the
maximum output charge, orMaximum.
Cryoelectric
memories
outstrip otherforms inpotential of« = I/Q

maximum bits
per access line.

Substituting as before,> 1/ CXZ
The cryoelectric system is actually aform of magnetic memory, but the former's losses are quite
small, and an additional factor must be included in
the output parameter inequality:

02

4
6
)

a > Z/LX
This factor, y, is necessary because the memory' ,,output, some seven orders of magnitude smaller
than that of other magnetic memories, requires ahigh-gain amplifier, which is at the temperature ofliquid nitrogen or at room temperature. (Even the
I M
former—about —200°C—is warm compared withthe elements' operating temperature.) This tempera2,000
ture difference is important because it permits theamplifier gain to be increased with no attendant
increase in thermal noise.
Although the cryoelectric memory is free ofElectronics

March 17, 1969

10,000o(109

HIGH—INDUCTANCE
PATH

HOLE INGROUND PLANE

TIN SENSE—
LINE

LEAD
DRIVE STRIP A

LEADGROUND PLANE

LEAD
DRIVE STRIP B

ACTIVECROSSINGLOW—
INDUCTANCE PATH

Loop cell. These four layers of lead and tin are the basis of a large cryoelectric memory. A circulating
current in the tin loop corresponds to a stored binary 1. The increased inductance created by the hole in the
ground plane tends to maintain this circulating current; cu rrent in the drive line sets up resistance in the loop, whichtends to oppose the circulating current.

For example, of two systems, the one that requires the higher input voltage costs more because
more energy passes through agiven volume of it inagiven time, and therefore it has higher dielectriclosses. This translates into a larger number ofdrivers to activate agiven number of bits, or fewer
bits activated by agiven number of drivers.
The higher input voltage also implies a higher
input impedance and, for acomparable bit capacity,
ahigher inductance per unit length of line. This inturn means a longer propagation delay, or, again,
fewer bits activated per driver.
The same higher input impedance also implies alonger time constant. This means it takes longer todecode an address, or that fewer lines can be addressed in agiven time by asingle decoder.
Higher input voltage also implies more noise
coupled to the sense lines, with consequently fewer
bits per amplifier, increasing costs still more.
Similar considerations are higher driver voltages,
higher bit voltages, higher power supply requirements, and higher voltage stress. The last increases
costs by reducing reliability.
And of two systems, the one with the lower output flux or charge requires better amplifiers andhas apoorer signal-to-noise ratio.
Clearly, then, the ratio of /3/.2 should be as large
as possible. But equally clearly, the ratio has natural upper bounds that cannot be circumvented
through design innovation. These upper bounds
are 1for other magnetic and semiconductor memories and y for cryoelectric memories.
Expressing the ratio /3/a in terms of the indi-

110

vidual expressions is rather awkward. But thesecan be re-evaluated as follows: For cryoelectricand other magnetic memories, in which a is theratio of input voltage to output flux:
Zin

'tout

XL i
n

a.

1

It.
'out

•

'In

Vin

B
B

'ou t

XL in
Lou
B
Lin t

The input flux was expressed as flux per bit, but
the output flux is the total. It equals the output
current times the total output inductance; the primein the formula distinguishes total inductance fromthe corresponding inductance per meter. Multiplying the entire expression by B/B introduces thenumber of bits into the denominator, convertingthat term to the total input flux. (Lin is in henrys
per meter and XLin in henrys per bit, so BXLin ismeasured in henrys.)
For semiconductor memories, the ratio ais thatof input current to output charge:
—
a

1

•

Qou t

CXZi nii nC oo t, \Tout

Cin XVin
Coo t,•

B

Vout

Electronics

March 17, 1969

In these expressions the ratios of output to input
inductance and capacitance are clearly visible andcan be designated rx.
Likewise, the ratios of output
to input current and voltage can be renamed ry.
Then the ratio /3/«, which is equivalent to bandwidth per dollar, can be expressed:•=-• r, B < 1afor other magnetic and semiconductor memories,
and
-e--=
ry B <
afor cryoelectric memories.
Orders of magnitude
In the former, the input and output propagation
velocities can be assumed to be equal, which meansthat rx =. 1. The inductance ratio r, in amagnetic
memory can range from about 5 X 10 -5 to 5 X
10 -4 ;the capacitance ratio in the semiconductor
memory is just about in the middle of this range, or
10 -4 .These lead to the maximum module sizes forthese two forms of memory: 2,000 to 20,000 bits
per access line in a magnetic memory, and about
10,000 in mOs.
In a cryoelectric memory, however, r, is about
7 X 10 -6 and rx only about 0.4; these quantities
show that the maximum number of bits per accessline can be as high as 2 X 107,or 20 million.
Thus a much larger number of bits in a cryoelectric memory is accessible with one driver or
detectable with asingle amplifier. Experimental results corroborate this prediction.
Only one large-scale cryoelectric memory has
been successfully designed and built. The work
was done at RCA Laboratories, and the second-generation results were announced about two years ago[Electronics, April 17, 1967, p. 111]. Further work
has substantially increased the packing density
without sacrificing either output signal amplitude
or the operating tolerances on drive currents. These
are typically 200 microvolts and ±10%. The highest density arrays built to date have a quartermillion bits in 24 square inches. This is the largest
cryogenic array ever built that works consistently
over the entire area, as verified by numerous statistical measurements.
The lack of success of other attempts is attributed to the narrow dimensional tolerances required,
the insufficient attention paid to system considerations in designing the elements, and the dependence
on cryoelectric address decoders instead of roomtemperature decoders.
Generation gaps
The second-generation storage element consistsof four metallic layers electrically insulated fromone another, as shown opposite: a lead groundplane with holes etched in it, atin digit strip containing aseries of loops (one for each storage cell),and two lead drive lines. This is similar to thefirst-generation element, but the rearranged holes

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Removing resistance
Fifty-eight years ago the Dutch physicist H. Kamerlingh Onnes-who three years previously had been
the first person to liquefy helium-discovered that
mercury's electrical resistance suddenly disappeared
if it were cooled to within about 4° above absolute
zero. Other metals he was familiar with because lessand less resistive as they were cooled, but their resistance eventually leveled off at a value and at atemperature that depended on how pure they were.
Onnes named the new phenomenon superconductivity, and called materials that exhibited it superconductors.
Shortly after Onnes' discovery, other investigators
found that if a superconducting metal were placedin a sufficiently strong external magnetic field, it
regained its resistance. The threshold implied by theword "sufficiently" is called the critical field.
Second property. Superconductors were thought
to be simply ideal conductors until 1933, when they
were found also to be perfectly diamagnetic-that is,in the presence of a subcritical magnetic field thefield was wholly excluded from the interior of thematerial except for a thin layer a few thousandthsof amil under the surface.
By itself, this diamagnetic property might be explained by postulating that applying a field to asuperconductor sets up eddy currents in its surface.
These eddy currents would have associated magnetic
fields equal and opposite to the applied field, and in
the superconductor the eddy currents would persist
indefinitely, in the absence of resistance.
But it isn't quite that simple. If amagnetic field
is applied to a superconductor at room temperature, the eddy currents exist while the field is applied and then die away, so that the field passes
through the material. Then if the superconductor
is cooled below its crititcal temperature while thefield is maintained, it actually expels the field when
it becomes superconductive.

and digit strips permit a significantly higher density. Current in the drive lines produces amagnetic
field that switches the tin in the digit strip immediately beneath into the normal state. The drivelines themselves remain superconducting. Ordinarily the digit current passes under the drive lines,
but when that part of the loop becomes resistive,
the current is diverted to the other side of the loop,
where the inductance is higher because of the holein the ground plane. When the drive currents turnoff, the entire loop returns to the superconductive
state; the inductance establishes a circulating current in the loop that corresponds to astored binary
1; absence of current indicates a0.
A third-generation anisotropic structured element
attains even higher density by putting the drivelines over the high-inductance part of the loop without increasing the lines' inductance. Details of thetechnique are proprietary.
In the cryoelectric hybrid system built from these111

Cold array. Thisplane contains
262,144 cryoelectric storage
elements in
24 square inches.

mmiet.itàiiMO

eliertiosemesteummismitigettloditt*Mèdattifelftmimill

elements, the drive-line inductance is negligible
even when the bit capacity is very large, because
the superconducting metal is diamagnetic—it excludes all magnetism from its interior. (This property, incidentally, justifies the name "cryoelectric"
for this form of memory. Cryogenic is too broad—it
covers all low-temperature phenomena—and cryomagnetic implies ferromagnetism, not diamagnetism.)
The diamagnetic property also effectively eliminates all interaction and noise coupled through thesubstrate. Only one pair of decoders and drivers,
therefore, is required for the entire system, andthey can be made very small and simple. Furthermore, they may be kept at room temperature, sothat they can be checked out independently of thememory array. Low interaction and noise also permit the sense signals to be unambiguously detectedeven when they are very small, so that the storage
elements themselves can also be very small andclosely packed.
Cooling the cryogenic portion of the memory
isn't difficult, with currently available refrigerationequipment. Although the cost of this equipment isperhaps half that of the entire system, the ultimate
size that the technology performance index predicts
would require arefrigerator whose cost was small
relative to that of the entire system.
If such asystem suffered even aminor failure, itwould be out of operation for quite awhile, because

112

cooling it to cryogenic temperatures after making
the repair would take several hours. But the chancesof its ever breaking down are very small, because
at 3.5°K nothing deteriorates.
Other work
Much of the cryogenic memory work outside RCA
Laboratories seems to be principally of academic
interest. Some researchers are studying the Josephson junction—a sandwich of a thin normal layer
between two superconductors that behaves somewhat like atunnel diode—but this device is still far
from any practical applications. Several projects
were under way at one time to develop acryogenic
associative memory, but most of these have been
discontinued or cut back; the projected costs remained very high relative to the rapidly decreasing
costs of other technologies.
Unquestionably, if cryogenics ever becomes acommercially practicable memory technology, it
will be used for large random-access stores—thearea being pursued at RCA. The only publishedeffort with prospects of practical application is at
Siemens AG in West Germany. That project is basedon using acontinuous film, and at last report had
encountered some problems with materials. Several
similar projects in various organizations have encountered such problems; acontinuous film projectat RCA Laboratories was discontinued in favor of
the present approach. •Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Announcing
the birth of Linear,our 3-year old baby.
(and afree booklet on all the things he can do)
In away, linear has been the neglected childaround our place for some time.
Of course, the line has been growing and getting healthier every day. We've just been abit
lax in getting it out into the world.
But now, Here It Is: mature, sophisticated andlong-since out of diapers.
We have awide line of linear devices ranging
from core memory sense amplifiers to video amplifiers. They've been designed for both the circuitand the system designer.
Design flexibility is built into the line with
operational amplifiers, differential amplifiers, highspeed comparators, and RF/IF amplifiers, which
can be used alone, or in conjunction to increase
performance and design versatility.
Our new Linear booklet contains 49 linear
circuit applications which illustrate some of themore subtle features that are built into the line.
The applications include: tuned circuit, AGC,
sense, logarithmic, DC, summing and pulse
amplifiers; local oscillators; modulators; hi-speed
comparators; limiters; integrators; DC servos;
Schmitt Triggers; line drivers; clock generators;
voltage regulators; differentiators; line receivers;
threshold and double-ended limit detectors. Buzz,
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Signetics Linear Circuits are exhaustively tested
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All our linears are available through distributors
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And that's not the end. Like all precocious progeny, Linear is expected to produce some startlingdevelopments in the near future.
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Argues Ave., Sunnyvale, Calif. 94086.

G-1

SIGNETICS CORPORATION: A SUBSIDIARY OF CORNING GLASS WORKS

Electronics

March 17, 1969

Circle 113 on reader service card

113

Consumer electronics

Lighting the way to flat-screen tv
Developmental receiver uses a matrix of electrodes to energize an electroluminescentscreen; the picture is bright figuratively—but not yet literally

By Masa mi Yoshiyama
Matsushita Wireless Research Laboratory, Tokyo

Flat electroluminescent panels may someday replace the familiar cathode-ray tubes in television
sets if an experimental display being investigatedby Matsushita researchers can be further developed for production. Designed to operate at the
525-line standard, the all-solid state panel can display apicture with a viewable diagonal measurement of 13 inches. Although the display system,
including its companion receiver, employs a totalof 8,600 discrete components, its power dissipation is only 100 watts.
An important feature of the flat display is thatsince there's no electron beam to contend with,there's no need for deflection coils or a high-voltage power supply.
The panel is made on aglass substrate and hasa layer of zinc sulfide phosphor sandwiched between the vertical and horizontal electrodes thatform the picture elements at their crosspoints. And
there's a layer of barium titanate between thephosphor and rear electrodes to provide a nonlinear impedance and thus improve performance.
There is still an obstacle to be overcome in thisdesign, though. Because the zinc sulfide phosphor
does not yield aparticularly bright light, the display can't be viewed comfortably in awell-lighted
room. It's hoped that both brightness and picture
contrast can be improved by replacing the zinc
sulfide phosphor with zincsulfoselenide, Zn(S, Se).
Although the system is being developed to handle standard tv pictures, it could, with slight modifications, be applied to alphanumeric or graphic
displays. Until now, the only EL displays capableof reproducing high-density tv picture elements
have been converters or intensifiers using an optical input. One such system has already been developed by the Matsushita Research Institute ofTokyo [Electronics, Sept. 20, 1963, p. 30].
In a conventional 525-line system, about 10%of the lines occur when the beam is returning fromthe bottom to the top of the picture, and hencecannot display picture information. Also, a num-114

ber of other lines are hidden under the top andbottom of the picture-tube mask. The maximum
number of lines that make up the picture, therefore, is about 470. And in actual practice, thebandwidth limitations of the receiver, coupled withthe difficulty of achieving full deflection of thepicture tube's scanning beam, limit the verticalresolution of conventional receivers to about 340
lines. The horizontal resolution is about 80 lines
for each megahertz of bandwidth at the broadcast
scan rates.
The experimental display has 230 vertical and230 horizontal electrodes, for atotal of 52,900 picture elements, each measuring 1 by 0.75 millimeter. Unlike interlaced scanning systems, both fields—odd and even—are displayed successively on thesame horizontal lines. And although the image reproduced isn't yet comparable to the average tv
picture, it shows as much detail as some of theinexpensive helical-scan video tape recorders on
the market today.
In addition, the experimental system isn't subject to the main shortcomings of previously developed flat-screen displays. The earlier designs have
proven increasingly difficult to manufacture as picture elements are added. Furthermore, interaction
between elements would start to set in as thenumber of elements increased, and this so-calledcross-effect diminished picture contrast. The Matsushita display has its problems, but not these.
The number of reproducible picture elements
largely depends on the number of vertical andhorizontal electrodes on the panel. As shownon page 120, the vertical electrodes face the frontof the display; they're made transparent so as notto obstruct illumination of the phosphor screen.
If an alternating voltage is applied between twoelectrodes, say xiand yi,the brightness of the picture element at the intersection will be proportional—within certain voltage limits—to an exponent of the applied voltage, and will be directly
proportional to the voltage frequency. And if theElectronics IMarch 17, 1969

Tuning in. Still underdevelopment, the flat screen
has a 13-in. diagonal. The
receiver is being adjusted by
Masa mi Yoshiyama, theauthor and head of the
project. Though resolution is
below par for close viewing,
the tv picture at left, madefrom a live telecast, iscamparable to those of some
low-cost video tape recorders.

alternating voltage is replaced with a pulse, thebrightness will then be proportional to an exponent of the pulse amplitude. If the light output
from the element is monitored, the observed waveform will appear somewhat differentiated. The
leading edge of the pulse will cause the light waveform to rise abruptly to maximum and then decay
in an exponential manner. The trailing edge of thepulse has the same result.
Length and lightWith a narrow pulse, total light output duringrise and fall times will be just a little more thanthat during rise time alone. However, as the pulse
width is increased—assuming that the separation
between pulses is equal or greater than the pulse
width—light output also increases. Regardless ofthe pulse width, though, the output can neverexceed twice the amount of light provided by theshort-duration pulses. Hence, techniques that

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

lengthen the pulse's "on" time cannot be used toappreciably increase picture brightness.
Brightness of the electroluminescent panel isthus an exponential function of voltage and canbe represented approximately by
L = lcvt
where L is luminance, kaconstant of proportionality, and y the applied voltage. Values for tareusually on the order of about 3.5 for the type ofphosphor used in this panel. The use of a nonlinear phosphor layer boosts the exponent toabout 4.
An electroluminescent panel can be made toalmost any size. And it lends itself to batch processing; individually addressable picture elements
can be produced by sandwiching the phosphor
between amatrix composed of n vertical conductive strips on one side and m horizontal strips on
the other. Since the basic picture element has a

115

0.2
PICTURE ELEMENT

0.15

t

0.75

MEASUREMENTS INMILLIMETERSEPDXYHORIZONTALELECTRODEIMPEDANCELAYERVERTICALELECTRODEPHOSPHORLAYER

GLASS SUBSTRATE
Panel structure. Built on a glas. substrate, the flat
display panel is basically a matrix of horizontal
electrodes that form discrete picture elements at theirjunctions.

the matrix crosspoint and the transistor's collector.
At minimum collector resistance, the full pulse
voltage is applied to the picture elements and fullbrightness is obtained. At maximum resistance, thevoltage across the transistor rises, and the voltage
at the crosspoint falls correspondingly.
Besides the selecting pulse to scan line by line
across the picture, there are blanking pulses tokeep the outputs of these elements not being
scanned at a low level. The diagram at the rightshows how contrast is impaired when, with thisarrangement, an attempt is made to keep half thescreen at full brightness and the other half at
minimum brightness. The equivalent circuit showsthat each picture element can be represented asa capacitor. Each vertical strip on the bright sideof the screen is grounded by the brightness control circuits, while those on the dark side of thescreen are open-circuited.
On the bright side of the screen, the voltage
applied to the horizontal line appears across eachof the grounded picture elements. Things are different on the dark side of the screen; although
the vertical line segments connecting the individual
picture elements are isolated from ground, aground path exists through a series of three elements, represented by the capacitors. rActually,
the second and third capacitors in the string are
made up of a number of capacitors in parallel.)Because of this path, the applied pulse voltage
appears across picture elements that are supposedly "off." Under the conditions given, the voltage,
VD, that appears across the "off" picture elementsis
vp= ifl-l\ v\n/width-to-height ratio of 4 to 3-1 by 0.75 mm—
the standard 4:3 picture aspect ratio is maintainedeven though the matrix consists of the same number of vertical and horizontal electrodes; in otherwords, nm. Because of this matrixing technique, the n2 picture elements can be controlled
by n drivers each for the vertical and horizontal
strips, or a total of 2n drivers.
To scan the matrix, a negative selecting pulse
is applied to the horizontal electrode strip of theline being scanned at the same time the video
signal for the entire line is being applied to thebrightness control circuits of each vertical electrode strip. Since each line must be scanned insuccession from top to bottom of the frame, all thevertical electrode strips have to receive the video
signal simultaneously, rather than sequentiallyfrom left to right as it's transmitted. This is doneby using a delay line to store the signal until theentire horizontal line has been scanned.
Brightness is controlled by the sampled video
signal, which modulates the collector resistance ofthe transistors in the vertical strips. This method
ensures the proper division of the negative selecting pulse voltage between the picture element at

116

Where n has a relatively large value, the voltage
across the dark picture elements pretty nearly
equals selecting pulse V in a practical display
system.
If a voltage V/a—where a is less than 1—isapplied to the unselected horizontal lines, the voltage
becomes
VD =

n \

a

If the value for ais carefully chosen, the blanking pulse will simultaneously reduce the light output from the elements to which it is applied andsuppress the luminance of the "off" elements ofthe selected horizontal line. Suppression is increased as the values of a and tincrease.
When the scanning frequencies are high, however, the brightness resulting from the blanking
pulses is not a linear function of the pulse repetition rate. It therefore became necessary to selectthe value of aby trial and error. It has been foundthat 3 offers the best compromise.
The complete display system includes the front
end, horizontal and vertical oscillators, and audio

Electronics

March 17, 1969

RESET PULSE

VERTICALELECTRODE

47k

P
SAMPLING
PULSE

....
-7
., 22Opt DELAY LINE
1

-D

Brightness circuit. Acting as a variable resistor, theinput transistor accepts a signal proportional to thedelay line voltage when a negative sampling
pulse is present.

=-,
distributor generates a selection pulse instead.
The video amplifier output is applied to alumped delay line having a total delay of 50.6
microseconds, which is equal to the horizontal
2
period of 63.5 itsec minus the horizontal blanking
period. The video signal for each horizontal lineV
is delayed sufficiently so that the entire line is
SELECTING
PULSE
displayed as a whole.
2 c2 -(n-11C-V2
a
The characteristic impedance of the line is 252
ohms, and the cutoff frequency of asection is 5.9(i
1 2
IBLANKING3
megahertz. Response is fairly flat to 1Mhz. Signal
PULSE
attenuation near the far end of the line is about
Matrix. Brightness is controlled by simultaneously
3decibels down at 1Mhz and 6db at 2Mhz.
The brightness control input circuit is asampleapplying the received video signal to all transistors
in the vertical strips and a negative selecting pulse to
and-hold circuit, and all taps on the delay line
are sampled simultaneously as the horizontal scaneach horizontal strip in turn.
pulse is applied. It is the lack of loading on theline during propagation of the signal that allows
this long signal delay to be obtained in this manand video amplifiers. The video amplifier includes ner. And the use of several sections of line between
gamma correction circuitry to compensate for the taps prevents interaction between individual signals during sampling.
nonlinear characteristics of the panel.
In the circuit, above, the input transistor, Qi
The horizontal line for the video signal input isselected by acounter that advances one count for acts like a variable resistor whose resistance iseach pulse in the horizontal sync signal and that determined by the sampled video signal voltage
is reset by the vertical sync signal. For each ad- in the delay circuit. Applying a sampling pulse
vance of the counter, the pulse from the first trig- to the input diode makes it possible for a signal
ger distributor steps down one line. For a given proportional to the delay line voltage to be appliedline, the output from this pulse distributor to the to the transistor. After amplification, the signal ishorizontal pulse generator causes the horizontal held in a2,700-picofarad capacitor for delivery topulse generator circuit to apply a 300-volt selec- the d-c amplifier stage, where it is used to vary
the collector resistance of the output transistor.
tion pulse to that line.
The 2,700-pf holding capacitor is discharged andAt the same time, the second trigger pulse generator delivers an input to every horizontal pulse made ready for the next sampling pulse by areset
generator each time it receives a sync pulse from pulse applied about 40 iLsec after the sampling
the horizontal sync signal. All the horizontal pulse pulse.
Because approximately half the components ofgenerators except the one with input from the first
trigger pulse generator deliver a blanking pulse. the display system are used in the brightness cirThe one with input from the first trigger pulse cuit, IC's could be used to reduce cost in volume
BRIGHT SIDE

Electronics

March 17, 1969

DARK SIDE

117

15k
—MAr--

X/
4mH• 2200
X2

2

X3

3

3'

•
• GTO 1
2nd TRIGGER
PULSE

CONNECTED IN
MATRIX FORM

230

HORIZONTAL PULSE GENERATORS

230'

1st TRIGGER PULSE
DISTRIBUTOR

Selection and blanking. Basic circuit includes series chokes to limit current surge when a line is selected;
capacitors act as load for power supply to improve regulation.

production. The only use of IC's so far has been in
the counter circuits.
The first trigger pulse distributor, the second
trigger generator, and the horizontal pulse generators are already fairly simple, but they can befurther simplified by using the right components.
For example, 30 gate turnoff rectifiers (GTO's) in
TO-5 cans were used in the second trigger generator
to control the blanking pulses simply because suitable larger units were not readily available.
The horizontal pulse generators, above, use two
power supplies, each with aseries GTO to switch
it on and off. The GTO's are triggered by asecond
pulse generator. There is also a silicon controlled
rectifier, diode, and resistor for each horizontal
strip electrode.
For all these electrodes except the one to bescanned, turning on cT02 completes the circuitfrom power supply S2 through the individual diodeand resistor. Blanking voltage V2 is thus applied tothe strip.
A trigger pulse from the first trigger pulse distributor drives the SCR connected to the horizontal
strip electrode. To scan aline, the circuit is completed through the SCR and the individual resistor.
This places a reverse bias on the diode for that
line, so it receives selecting voltage rather thanblanking voltage.
After an interval of about 10 Lsec, the second
trigger pulse returns to zero. The reverse polarity
pulse needed to turn the GTO's off is supplied bya coupling capacitor. This pulse need not be very

118

large, since the load is highly capacitive and current will have dropped sharply by the end of the
10-»sec period.
The SCR is also turned off, because the current
flowing through it is interrupted. Sufficient time
elapses for the SCR to completely recover before
the GTO's are again turned on.
In the selection and blanking circuit, neither thecapacitors nor chokes are vital; they were added
to improve performance. The horizontal electrodes
are essentially a capacitive load. The capacitive
reactance component varies with the brightness
along the horizontal line, exceeding 1,000 pf if theentire line is at full brightness. To cushion the loadon the power supply, the series chokes tend tolimit the rate of current increase when the time line
is selected. At the same time, to allow use of alower voltage power supply, they supply a small
resonant voltage step-up when the line is near fullbrilliance. The capacitors load the power supply
when the line is dark to improve voltage regulation.
This circuit includes the output pulse transformers fro mthe trigger pulse distributor. For circuit economy, the output pulse transformers areconnected in amatrix arrangement having 16 columns and 15 rows. It's thus possible to drive the
distributor with atotal of 31 medium-power, plasticencapsulated transistors. Each row is driven consecutively with pulses that are 1,016 »sec w de andcorrespond to 16 horizontal line periods. Al intervals of precisely 63.5 psec, column pulses 2 »sec
wide are applied to select individual lines. il

Electronics IMarch 1.7, 1969

Three ways to improveon the performance,
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amplifier. ($3A5 at 100 pieces)
LM302—fast voltage follower with super-low
input currents. Fully compensated.
($3.00 at 100 pieces)
LM307— internally compensated universal
op amp. Same DC specs as LM301A.
Direct plug-in replacement for 709-type
op amps. ($3.95 at 100 pieces)
Input for the asking. National Semiconductor Corporation/2975 San Ysidro Way,
Santa Clara, California 95051 /( 408 )
245-4320 /TWX :910-339-9240/Cables:
NATSEMICON.

National /Linear
Electronics ;March 17, 1969

Circle 119 on reader service card

119

EOUTCLASSERS!
HMAGNECRAFT GENERAL PURPOSE RELAYSOur general purpose relays aren't known as the least expensive. But
they have earned the reputation for reliability with the most consistent performance record of any general purpose relay on the market.
In addition, Magnecraft has more general purpose relays in stock
than anyone else. This means nearly all your requirements can be
filled in days—if not hours. As for variety, we have it over the otherswith relays such as our improved Class 88KD 50 ampere relay that's
ideal for industrial switching applications. And the new Class 88LCP
Latching Relay that's composed of two Class 88 Relays with interlocking latching levers mounted on a common base and a crackproof polycarbonate cover.
If all this doesn't overcome price alone, better forget us. But if
you want large silver cadmium oxide contacts, precision hinge-pin
armature bearings, molded nylon bobbins and overall custom madequality, then keep us in mind for all general purpose relays. Ours
outclass the others at any price.

FREE! Product File—Yours for the asking.
Contains full details on
all our stock relays.

SEE US IN OUR BOOTH #3J16 AT IEEE SHOW

Magnecrair ELECTRIC CO.
5575 NORTH LYNCH AVENUE • CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60630 • 312 282-5500
120

Circle 120 on reader service card

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Monolithic
Voltage Regulators

the complete works
now in paperback
Five voltage regulator application notes including
two just published; 60 pages of design information
on positive and negative voltage regulators. Sixteen
pages of specification information including significant graphs of performance characteristics. An eight
page Reliability Report encompassing Production
Processing, Quality Control, Screening, Life Testing,
Environmental Testing and Design Philosophy. The
most complete set of design aids in print for monolithic voltage regulators. You can see the performance; sénd for the book. National Semiconductor
Corporation, 2975 San Ysidro Way, Santa Clara,
California 95051 (408) 245-4320
TWX: 910-339-9240 CABLES: NATSEMICON

National /Linear
Electronics

March 17, 1969

Circle 121 on reader service card

121

TICOR ifi
WINS
ITS
SPURS

MODEL 32 RENAMED TICOR m

AFTER TWO BIG YEARSReduced cost, alower Time Base Error of ±0.4 gsec, and over-all upgrading in design and performance
made Mincom's Model 32 Recorder/Reproducer the heir apparent to TICOR II. Now Model 32, after two
successful years of field testing and hard work, has been renamed TICOR III. It will fully replace its
famous parent, which in 1964 switched the entire industry to a new course with its low mass flutter suppression, 2MHz performance and virtually negligible TBE. TICOR Ill, the latest in IC and packaging design,
provides at a lower price its ±-0.4 g sec TBE at 120 ips, 2 MHz on seven or fourteen channels, flutter
suppression bandwidth of 270 Hz, optional bidirectional recording, plus interchangeable electronics for
Direct 400 Hz-1.5 MHz or 800 Hz-2.0 MHz; DC —80 kHz IRIG FM, DC-500 kHz wideband FM, PDM, NRZ
and other data techniques. Write for specifications, or call our Sales Department at (805) 482-1911.

Mincom Division
300 SOUTH LEWIS ROAD • CAMARILLO

122

Circle 122 on reader service card

3

COMPANYCALIFORNIA

93010

Electronics jMarch 17, 1969

150 MHz, 2.4 ns
Portable Oscilloscope

PERFORMANCEPORTABILITY

The Tektronix Type 454 is an advanced design portable oscilloscope providing measurement of fast-rise
pulses and high-frequency signals beyond the capability of most conventional real-time oscilloscopes.
New miniature 10X probes permit specifying the150-MHz bandwidth, 2.4-ns risetime performance atthe probe tip—where you need it!

The Type 454 is mechanically designed to be easily
carried. It meets temperature, humidity, vibration andshock tests which simulate environments "portable"
instruments may encounter. A dust-tight front coverprotects the panel and serves as a convenient storage compartment for accessories. The handle may
be rotated to several positions to serve as a tilt standor adjusted for convenient carrying. All these featuresand more are packaged in a rugged 31-pound instrument.

The Type 454 is a complete instrument package withdual-trace displays at 5 mV/div deflection factor, triggering to above 150 MHz internally or externally and5ns/div normal or delayed sweep. Full bandwidth
measurements (150 MHz) are provided at 20 mV/div
deflection factor. For low-level applications the Type454 provides single channel 1mV/div at 33-MHz bandwidth. Full-sensitivity X-Y operation (CH 1 drives thehorizontal, CH 2 drives the vertical) is also provided
with phase difference between X and Y not exceeding 3° from DC to 2 MHz. An illuminated, parallaxfree graticule defines the 6 x 10 div display area anda bright P31 phosphor contributes to sharp, clear
waveform displays even under marginal conditions.
For single-shot applications a photographic writing
speed of 3200 div/p,s (>2500 cm/ 1 s) is provided by
the Type 454 Oscilloscope, C-31 Camera and 10,000
ASA film . . . without employing film fogging techniques!

RELIABILITY
Advanced design concepts and the use of solid-statecomponents insures long-term stable performance andpermits operation within specifications over an ambient temperature range of —15° to +55°.
Your Tektronix field engineer will demonstrate theType 454 performance capabilities in your application, at your convenience. Please call him or write
Tektronix, Inc., P.O. Box 500, Beaverton, Oregon 97005.
Type 454 (Complete with probes and accessories)$2700

Type R454 (Rackmount)$2785

U.S. Sales Price FOB Beaverton, Oregon

please turn page for additional information1—

Making the Measurement ... with the Tektronix Type 454
Portable Oscilloscope
The total value an instrument provides its user is related to its
ease of application in making practical measurements. Compatible accessory items such as voltage and current probes, special
purpose probes, cameras, ScopeMobile® Carts, etc. contributesignificantly to a total measurement capability and are essential
it the user is to utilize instrument performance to full advantage.
MEASURING CURRENTPHOTOGRAPHIC WRITING SPEED

The new P6042 Current Probe provides
measurements from DC to 50 MHz withsensitivity to 1mA/div. Other Tektronix
AC current probes are available andprovide measurements from 8 Hz to
200 MHz.

The Tektronix Type 454 Oscilloscope,C-31 Camera, 10,000 ASA film and P11
CRT phosphor provide a minimum photographic writing speed of 3200 div/fis(>2500 cm/e) without employing film
fogging techniques. This writing speed
is in excess of that required to record
a single-shot pulse at the risetime andscreen height limits of the Type 454 ...
the important extra margin of performancea high-frequency oscilloscopeshould have.

DIFFERENTIAL MEASUREMENTS
A 5-mV pulse with 1-volt, 50-MHz common mode signal displayed on the Type454 using a P6046 Differential Probeand Amplifier. The photograph demonstrates the >1000:1 common-mode rejection ratio of the P6046 Probe andAmplifier. This same Probe/Amplifier/Oscilloscope combination provides 1mV/div deflection factor at
70 MHzbandwidth!
PULSE FIDELITY

Vertical -1 mV/div; Horizontal -50 ns/div

The same pulse displayed by the Type454, upper trace, and by a 7-ns, 50-MHz
Oscilloscope, lower trace (double exposure). Note the difference in detailof the pulse characteristics displayed by
the Type 454 with its 2.4-ns risetime performance. Full bandwidth! risetime performance is preserved by the miniature
P6047 10X Probes supplied with theType 454. The optional P6048 10X Probe
offers additional high-frequency measurement performance with 1-pF input
capacitance.

5ns/div

X -Y
The Type 454 converts to a calibrated
X-Y Oscilloscope with a flick of two
front panel switches. Phase difference
between X and Y is less than 3° fromDC to 2 MHz. The upper display is a150-MHz signal that is 50% modulated
by a 2-kHz signal. The lower display
is an X-Y trapezoidal modulation pattern showing the 150-MHz AM signal
vertically (Y) and the 2-kHz modulation
signal horizontally (X).
The straight
vertical line to the right of the photo
represents the unmodulated carrier amplitude. Multiple exposure.

• 11111111 •1111111111

11111111111111111111111111

Your Tektronix Field Engineer will
demonstrate the Type 454 in your1111111application at your convenience.
Please call him, or write: Tektronix,
Inc., P.O. Box 500, Beaverton, Oregon 97005.

Type 454
Type R454 (Rackmount)C-31 Camera
P6046 Differential Probe and AmplifierP6042 Current Probe
P6048 DC-to-140 MHz 10X Voltage Probe
Type 200-1 Scope-Mobile® Cart

$2700
$2785
$ 550
$ 725
$ 625
$ 55
$ 85

U.S. Sales Price FOB Beaverton, Oregon

Tektronix, Inc.
committed to progress in waveform measurement

Avionics

March 17, 1969

DC-10's air data system
casts along shadow
Honeywell's digital unit, built around asimple silicon pressure sensor,
threatens analog gear because of superior flexibility and reliability
By Frederick Corey
Associate editor* — Circle 124 on reader service card

4At

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WITIPLEXEZ

Avionics advances generally stemfrom military projects. But there
are exceptions, and the latest—thesolid state digital air data systemdeveloped by Honeywell for the
McDonnell Douglas DC-10 airbus[Electronics, Feb. 3, p. 341—maywell be a trendsetter for both theservices and the aircraft industry.
Its development could mark the
beginning of ashift away from analog systems with electromechanical components.
The military has done experimental work on digital air data
computers, but the Honeywell system, two of which will be aboard
each DC-10, is the first to be bought
for a commercial application. It
won't be the last. According to
Cecil Cook, supervisor of the flightguidance control design group at
the Douglas Aircraft division, "Theadvantages of the system are sooverwhelming that others will haveto go this way."
Even more sanguine is RaymondL. Bergeson, a section chief at
Honeywell's Aerospace division,
which developed the system. "The
DC-10 is just the beginning," hesays, looking ahead to the military's F-14, F-15, and VSx programs, all of which are expected toinclude digital air data systems.
Such systems will also fly aboard
the nation's supersonic transport,
and some carriers are already considering retrofitting the digital design into existing aircraft, as wellas including them as original equipment on new planes.
The quickened interest—bothoc
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Showpieces. Honeywell project engineer George Lankow holds plug-in cards,
15 of which are used in digital air data system company builds for DC-10.

military and commercial—in digitalsystems is likely to touch off anew
flurry of rivalry among the companies that bid on the DC-10. Honeywell beat out Bendix, Conrac, Kollsman Instruments, Garrett, andSperry Rand, among others, for theaward.

The solid state system promises
to be more flexible, more reliable,
and easier to maintain than theavailable electromechanical analog
systems with their moving parts.
Cook expects the new unit to prove
twice as reliable as an analog system even though it will handle more
125

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Delays: 2 to 180 seconds
Actuated by aheater, they operate on A.C.,
D.C., or Pulsating Current •.Being hermetically sealed, they are not affected by altitude, moisture, or climate changes ... SPST
Only — normally open or normally closed...Compensated for ambient temperaturechanges from —55° to + 80°C.... Heaters
consume approximately 2 W. and may be
operated continuously. The units are rugged,
explosion-proof, long-lived, and inexpensive!
TYPES: Standard Radio Octal
and 9-Pin Miniature
List Price, $4.00
PROBLEM? Send

for Bulletin

No. TR-81.

Key element. At the heart of the Honeywell air data system is a pressure
sensor that converts data into formats accepta ble to a digital computer.

item because its projected meanfunctions than the analog units.
Its initial cost will about equal time between failures is more thanthe prices on comparable analog 100,000 hours. In addition, it's exunits, says Cook. But he adds that pected to be anywhere from five tothe digital system will be far 10 times more reliable than the anacheaper to operate because it has -log sensors it replaces; not only is
no gear trains to periodically check. the new sensor simpler, but it'sMoreover, the digital system can also much less susceptible to drift.
The digital setup also affords theisolate faults down to the level ofasingle plug-in card. Cost of own- opportunity to continuously moniership is estimated to be only a tor the air data system's performance. Test problems can be put
quarter that of analog apparatus.
according to Cook, and mainte- through a computation channel atnance costs of less than apenny per a rate of one a second to verify
that everything is working andflight hour have been projected.
hasn't been degraded, says Cook.
Where it's at"With this system, the user will
The key to the new system is a be able to do continuous line monisilicon pressure sensor [Electronics, toring of 95% of all failures, inJan. 20, p. 43] that departs com- cluding degradation," he says. "In
pletely from the design of electro- an analog unit, you might be ablemechanically operated units. Made to monitor 85% of the catastrophic
of a single-crystal diaphragm of failures."
Workhorse. Along with asample
silicon with diffused piezoresistive
elements, the sensor is much sim- signal, the Honeywell system canpler than its mechanical counter- transmit a digital word indicatingparts. The latter, Cook notes, have the signal is valid. Cook says thisas many as 36 set screws for cal- can't be done with analog units.
ibrating the transducer through its And unlike its analog cousins, therange. The solid state sensor needs new system can accommodate an
no mechanical calibration and may output for barometrically correctedeven end up being a throwaway altitude readings, which are fed to

411101111
BALLASTREGULATORS

Hermetically sealed, they are
not affected by changes inaltitude, ambient temperature(-50° to +70° C.), or humidity ... Rugged, light, compact,
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List Price, $3.00
Write for4-pageTechnical
Bulletin
No. AB-51

AMPERITE

600 PALISADE AVE., UNION CITY, N.J. 07087
Telephone: 201 UNion 4-9503
In Canada: Atlas Radio Corp., Ltd.,
50 Wingold Ave., Toronto 10

126

Circle 126 on reader service card

Electronics I
March 17, 1969the computer from the altimeter.
And the aircraft's maximum allowable airspeed can be manually entered into the digital computer by
the pilot and tied into the same loopwith the solid state sensor taking
airspeed inputs. An analog system
would need an additional sensor
to handle this function.
American Airlines, the first carrier to buy the DC-I0, is particularly enthusiastic about the digitalsystem, Cook says. Both Americanand United Air Lines endorsed
Douglas' decision to go digital last
spring. And American's interest in
this area isn't limited to the Honeywell design. This spring the line
will test-fly digital air data systems
from Conrac and Garrett in aBoeing 707. At stake is apossible contract to retrofit American's entire
jetliner fleet.

The [M OH U
H0110

Select the one you need from these permanentlyaligned, adjustment -free He -Ne lasers.

200

Getting the jump
As to why Honeywell won theaward, Cook says the company's
technical presentation and implementation were farther along than
its rivals' when a decision had to
be made around the first of thisyear. And Honeywell was ahead of
the field in its sensor work, too. Its
sensors can be easily interchanged
because the electronics that goeswith them is contained in atransducer package separate from therest of the system. "Honeywell's
use of aspecial-purpose computerand its understanding of the entire
systems problem showed the firm
had been working on the projectfor some time," the Douglas executive observes.
In Honeywell's pressure sensor,
redundant pairs of p-type piezoelectric elements are diffused intoa pressure-sensitive diaphragm
made of n-type silicon. The elements' resistance, which varies
with the strain on the diaphragm,
controls the frequency of an RC oscillator. Pressure changes are thus
sensed and converted to avariablefrequency.
Lower odds. The redundancy assures ahigher yield during manufacture. Each pair consists of one
radially oriented element and one
tangentially oriented. All the elements exhibit strong piezoresistivity along their lengths and have a
distributed capacitance that isn't
sensitive to pressure. In effect, thepiezoresistive elements are resistElectronics IMarch 17, 1969

241

201

LASERTRON TUBE

270

$3

The Lasertron Tube A coherent light bulb,
it is the heart of every U/ Llaser. Never needs
adjustment or maintenance. Simply switch iton or off. Resonator mirrors are permanentlyaligned inside arigid pyrex envelope. Unaffected by dust, humidity, vibration, temperature or aging. Available as an OEM component
or as part of complete instruments, as shown.

S

MODEL 200$
1
95 fOr6smtuWdenBtuuilts-ein

power supply. Ideal$2

MODEL 201gç
mW. Built-in power supply. For eduUU cational and experimental use.

$2

mODEL 240
ng 1.0 mW. Separate detachable power
DU supply. Research grade laser. Tripod,r)cluded,
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MODEL 2411m 2.0 mW. Separate detachable power
UU supply. Ideal general purpose laser.
Tripod included. Model 22 Precision Mounting
Base optional at $185.
MODEL 261
çAR 4.0 mW. Separate detachable power%MU supply. An all-purpose low-cost laser.
Tripod included.
MODEL 270
10 mW. Separate detachable power
supply. Precision 4-cone mount included. A higher power general purpose laser
for imaging and display tasks.

$1580

Al! models produce in TEM. mode, wavelength6328 Angstroms. Solid-state power supplies.
Full-year warranty with no restriction on operating hours. More than 3000 in use throughout
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Gent lemen.

El Please send cómplete information on He -Ne lasers.
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Circle 127 on reader service card

127

VACTEC Vactrols
Keep up withall the big-name
Photocell- Lamp
Assemblies
in everything
except price!
The standard of the VACTROL line is
the inexpensive aluminum case, epoxy
sealed VACTROL. Six types from
1.5v (incandescent) through 115v
(neon). Less than $1.00 inquantities of 1000.

VACTROL is one of several photon isolators (photocell-lamp modules) on themarket. Competitors include Raysistors, Photomods, and Datacels. But none isbetter than VACTROL.
VACTROL lamps are the same as competitors (we all buy from the same
suppliers). But because Vactec makes photocells exclusively, you'll find ours
provide the finest, most consistent quality, characteristics, and service.
VACTROLS combine the same photocells we supply for critical camera
applications, with the best lamps we can obtain. VACTROLS come up short in
only one department. Price And you don't mind that, do you?
A complete line for every requirement:
LED, Incandescent, and Neon Types.

Hermetic TO-5
New hermeticallysealed, welded
enclosure withglass to metal
feedthroughs.
Between 25C and
30C more thanstandard low cost
Vactrols in modest
quantities.
Available in low
voltage(incandescent) andhigh voltage (neon)
types. Bulletin
PCD 4C3.

LED
Substitute a light emitting diode forthe conventional lamp in photon
isolators. VT 008-5 is hermeticallysealed (modified TO-8). VT 030-18A
is a TO-18 axial device, epoxy sealed.
Extremely low signal requirements
compared to conventional lamp
devices All solid state. No filaments
to vibrate or burn out. Less than
$7.00 in volume.

IIACTEC INC.
2423 Northline Ind. Blvd.

Dual Isolated
Photoconductor
LED
An isolated dual
element
photoconductive
cell coupled witha light emitting
diode. Cellelements track towithin 2% over3 decades ofillumination.
Expensive
compared to theothers. Useful inmaking linear
isolators.
multipliers, anddividers.
Demonstrates ourcommitment tothe complete
Vactrol line.

Maryland Hts., Mo. 63042

Low Profile
TO-5 LED
Coming soon. New
TO-5 LED Vactrol
in a complete
hermetic seal likethe VT 008-5, in asmaller TO-5
package. Similar
characteristics.
Anticipated priceless than $6.00
in volume.

Phone (314) 432-4200

Specializing in standard Cds. Cdse, and Se cells; Custom engineering for every photocell need. Listed in
EBG under "Semi-Conductors" and in EEM Sec. 3700.

128

Circle 128 on reader service card

ance-capacitance networks.
During manufacture, the differently positioned elements areprobed to determine which havethe best characteristics. These arethen connected—through emitter
followers in the wafer—to the feedback loops of separate external oscillators.
As the resistance of one element
increases, the frequency of its associated oscillator decreases. At thesame time, the resistance of theorthogonal element decreases increasing the frequency of its oscillator. The difference between
these two frequencies is proportional to strain or pressure, while
the sum is proportional to temperature. The oscillator circuits are
made of silicon integrated circuits,
as are the system's wideband amplifiers. Alongside these circuits is
adiscrete signal conditioner.
Honeywell uses two of the silicon transducers in the air data system—one to measure total pressure,the other to measure static pressure—in separate modules. The
transducer that measures total pressure—actually a differential-pressure device—and the static transducers are essentially identical.
However, one side of the diaphragm in the static device is evacuated, while one side of the differential device is open to the staticunit, the other to total pressure.
Each transducer is calibrated before its final assembly to determine
how the oscillator frequencies willvary under different but known
combinations of temperature andpressure. A diode matrix board containing this information is thenbuilt into the transducer moduleand tied to the processor memory.
To measure the transducer output frequencies, the processor andthe logic circuitry count the number of pulses received from each
oscillator. The time base is provided by a precision crystal oscillator that, according to Honeywell, provides resolution equivalent
to 0.0005 inch of mercury. Timebase pulses from the static anddifferential transducers are multiplexed and transmitted alternately.
In this way, the outputs are converted into abinary word.
Components count. Besides thetransducer modules and the central
processor, Honeywell's system includes a digital input-output secElectronics

March 17, 1969

tion, an analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion section, ananalog output section, and apowersupply module. The analog output
section provides d-c reference voltages. In all, there are 15 plug-in
printed-circuit cards arranged functionally by sections. To ease maintenance, the components are mounted
on only one side of acard. The system is packaged in the Arinc 404
full-length half ATR case.

Time Sharing
EconomyModel 300
Business Calculator
X, ÷, reciprocals, per-It's in the cards
Physically, there's no such thing
as a computer "black box" in the
Honeywell system. Rather, thecentral processor—which uses serial, fractional, two's-complement
arithmetic, and transistor-transistor
logic—is on plug-in cards andplaced with the rest of the system.
The computer's 9-microsecond
add time and 100-itsec multiply,
divide, and square-root times aren't
exceptionally fast, says Bergeson,
but are adequate for the application. The processor handles an 18bit data word and a12-bit instruction word.
Afixed 1,000-word memory, madeup of bipolar silicon monolithic
elements, stored instructions andconstants, and a 64-word scratchpad memory, made of MOS elements, fit onto asingle printed-circuit card 6inches square. The main
memory chips—approximately 1/
8inch square—contain about 100
words and fit into 40-lead Dies.
These packages measure 3/ by 1
4
inch and were developed especiallyfor the system.
The processor can be easily reprogramed by changing the memory cards, Bergeson notes. And thememory capacity can be expanded
simply by adding packages to thememory card.
System inputs include staticand total-pressure connections to
the pilot-static probe, barometricpressure probe connections, static
source error correction (SSEC),
maximum allowable airspeed, andatotal resistance connection to thetemperature probe. The transducers and converters are used to transform the analog inputs into binary
words from which the computations are performed.
Values for nine parameters—altitude uncorrected, altitude corrected, rate of altitude change,
computed air speed, true air speed,
Electronics

March 17, 1969

centages, chain multiplication,weighted averages, automatic
extension, etc. Two independent
adders, a product register, large
readout display and automatic
floating decimal point.

$1070. per station*
Model 310
Statistical Calculator

All the features and functions of
the Model 300 plus vi and x2
by single keystroke for *ex, mx 2,:s; )0, r (x+Y),
vr, and •-•1.

r s•r,

j$1177.50 per station*
Model 320
General Purpose Calculator
All the features and fuctions of
the Model 310 plus Log.x and e
by single keystroke for more advanced statistical, scientific andengineering calculations.

$1282.50 per station*
Model 360
Extra Storage Calculator

All the features and functionsof the Model 320 plus four extra
data storage registers for complex calculations without reentry of intermediate results.

$1497.50 per station**Four keyboards operating simultaneously from a single electronic package...exclusively with Wangelectronic calculators
Wang offers you more performance at less cost than any
other electronic calculator available. A unique multiplekeyboard concept lets up to four operators utilize theelectronic speed of its "brain" simultaneously like time-sharedlarge computers. The "brain", in a convenient briefcase-size
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Call today for immediate trial:(201) 241-0250(203) 223-7588(203) 288-8481(205) 595-0694(206) 622-2466(212) 682-5921(213) 278-3232(214) 361-4351(215) 642-4321(216) 333-6611(301) 588-3711(301) 821-8212(303) 364-7361(304) 344-9431(305) 564-3785(305) 841-3691(309) 674-8931(312) 889-2254(313) 278-4744(314) 727-0256(317) 631-0909(402) 341-6042(404) 633-4438(405) 842-7882(412) 366-1906(415) 692-0584(504) 729-6858(505) 255-9042(512) 454-4324(513) 531-2729(517) 835-7300(518) 463-8877(601) 234-7631(601) 982-1721(602) 265-8747(608) 244-9261(612) 881-5324(615) 588-5731(616) 454-4212(617) 851-7311(702) 322-4692(703) 877-5535(713) 668-0275(714) 234-5651(716) 381-5440(717) 397-3212(805) 962-6112(816) 421-0890(817) 834-1433(901) 272-7488(916) 489-7326(919) 288-1695

Circle 129 on reader service card129

Ledex has the people and the products
to make things happen.
Ledex Rotary Solenoids give you fast, directrotary motion. There's a family of eight
sizes with torque all the way up to 117
pound inches. For linear loads, our Push/
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Both have a compact form factor andthere are over 350 stock models to getyour prototype off the board and into theshop fast.
Ledex Stepping Motors position loads remotely in predetermined increments overYou'll find versatile

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everywhere ... in missile nose cones, laboratory instruments, business machines,
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For a neat Packaged Control Solution to
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130

Packaged Control

maximum allowable airspeed, machnumber, total temperature, andstatic air temperature—are transmitted by the air data system in adigital format.
Mixing 'em up. Aline characteristic 576, however, requires certain systems outputs to be analog
and others to be both analog anddigital. As aresult, the system going into the DC-10 converts thedigital mach hold, airspeed hold,and altitude hold into analog formats, which are then buffered androuted via an analog output card.
Similarly, altitude rate, computed
airspeed, maximum allowable airspeed, and mach are presented inanalog and digital forms.
When a computational cycle iscompleted, data is routed to either
the d-a converter for the analog
mode or a digital output buffer
register. The latter transmits theserial binary and binary-codeddecimal data to four serial digitaltransmission channels—one eachfor computer airspeed, maximum
allowable airspeed, altitude rate,
and mach number. Two-line, balanced IC line drivers provide therequired bipolar voltage levels.
The buffer register also converts
the serial data for parallel transfer
to latches for the air traffic control
transponder's output and the staticsource error-correction function.
The d-a converter produces a
d-c voltage proportional to the digital word received from the central
processor and the d-c reference
source connected to a ladder network. This voltage goes to aholdand-sample amplifier on the analog
output card, where it is isolated bya buffer amplifier. In all, eight ofthese d-c outputs are connected tothe hold-and-sample networks.
A-d conversion is needed for the
total temperature, barometric pressure, and SSEC inputs. Reference
voltages excite the total temperature resistance bridge, the barometric pressure potentiometer, thestatic-source correction voltage
matrix, and the converter's laddernetwork. The computer-addressedanalog d-c input is compared to theladder output voltage during,•an 11step conversion routine. At the endof the cycle, the resulting digitalword is proportional to total temperature (resistance), barometricpressure (voltage), and SSEC correction (voltage programing).
Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Introducing THE STUBBORN STABILIZERS for controlling
temperatures without sensors, thermostats or heaters.
They work like magic. They're
TI's new all-solid-state thermal
controls. They stubbornly insist
on maintaining stable thermal
environments.
The secret is an exclusive polycrystalline material with a mindof its own. It keeps its own temperature in equilibrium regardless of line voltage variations andchanges in ambient temperature.
It functions as a complete, selfsufficient thermal control system.
TI's thermal magicians havebuilt acomplete line of solid state
devices around this self-regulating material. Component ovens
for transistors and diodes. Temperature stabilizers for integrated circuits and thermocouple

reference junctions. Surgeswitches for current control andlimiting. Flow and level indicators. There are more on the way.
Couldn't you use a stubborn stabilizer, too? Write for literature
to TI Control Products
Division, Attleboro,
Mass. 07203, or phone(617) 222-2800 Ext. 318

TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
INCORPORATEDElectronics lMarch 17, 1969

Circle 131 on reader service card131

...the big news in sputtering targets...from Owens-Illinois
Owens-Illinois RZ Glass Sputtering Target is a NEW copper
alumino-silicate glass readily sputtered on a silicon substrate.

standard R.F. sputtering equipment, followed by simple etch

After sputter deposition, the RZ glass layer is etched to open up
contacts to the silicon substrate. A simple oxidation-reduction

when needed. A new manufacturing process holds the sodium

process then produces pure copper conductive layers on the RZ

content of these glasses below

glass, even in etched undercuts.

20 ppm.

ç REDUCED COPPERRZ GLASSSILICON SUBSTRATERZ glasses are ideal for making single or multilayer intercon-

Owens-Illinois can supply targets promptly in lengths, widths,

nections in medium or large-scale integrated circuits. The con-and thicknesses to fit your R.F. set-up and substrate dimensions.

ductive layer is produced uniformly on RZ-coated substrates

We'll work with you on materials to meet your special needs.

regardless of surface geometry.
You now have your choice of three sputtering targets from
Owens-Illinois ... 1. NEW RZ copper alumino-silicate, siliconmatching, 2. EE-9 alumino-silicate, silicon-matching, 3. EE-10
alumino-silicate, alumina and gallium arsenide matching.
All three are readily deposited at rates of 250 À/minute with

Complete data, specifications, and sputtering procedures
developed in the Owens-Illinois microelectronics research labs
will be sent to you promptly on request. Ask for information onthese other 0-I electronic materials: package sealants, substrateglazes and insulating films, preform materials, glazed IC packaged parts and substrates. WRITE TO:

rEa

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OWENS- ILLINOISELECTRONIC MATERIALS II
Toledo, Ohio 43601

132

Circle 132 on reader service card

Electronics

March 17, 1969

Communications

Brazil works on that busy signal
South American giant's shaky telephone system undergoing
multimillion-dollar renovation and expansion
By Leslie Warren
Rio de Janeiro news bureau"After two weeks here Ifeel likehanging Alexander Graham Bell ineffigy."That's the reaction of a U.S.
businessman in Brazil after tangling with the country's rickety
communications setup. It can take15 or 20 minutes just to get adial
tone for local calls. Intercity calls
can take hours to complete. For anation of its size—larger in area
than the continental U.S., with 90
million people — Brazil's telecommunications facilities may be theworld's worst.
But things are beginning to lookup. Today Brazil is one-third of theway through a massive, $585-million program to build a modern
telecommunications network andimprove local telephone service.
The program will concentrate on
four points.

Lofty. Microwave antenna tower
for new international communications
center in Rio de Janeiro will tie inwith a satellite ground station
30 miles away.

•A high-capacity microwave relay network of some 7,000 route
miles, with channels for voice, television, Telex, facsimile, and datatransmission. "By 1971, you'll beable to dial direct from Porto
Alegre in the south to Belem at themouth of the Amazon," says Jose
Aristides Wiltgen, general secretary of the Ministry of Communications and president of Contel,
the national telecommunications
council. The cities he names are
2,500 miles apart.
•A link between this network
and atroposcatter system to cover
remote cities and towns in the vast
but thinly settled Amazon basin,
which takes in athird of Brazil.
•Tieing all this in with international communications systems via
Intelsat 3. A ground station 30
miles from Rio de Janeiro, with a
90-foot parabolic antenna, is now
undergoing tests; it's been partiallyoperational since last month.
•Adding another Li million urban telephone lines to the country's
present 1.6 million, with the lion's
share slated for the badly overloaded systems in the major cities
of Rio and Sao Paulo, each witharound 5 million inhabitants. This
will still leave Brazil some 500,000
lines shy of present demand as
measured by the backlog of applications, some gathering dust for 20
years. And Wiltgen agrees that improved service will mean increased
demand.
Nevertheless, as the head of
a U.S. communications-equipment
manufacturing operation in Brazil
puts it: "In terms of investment andBulova forks
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134

Circle 134 on reader service card

— —Utility. A key element in Brazil's drive to improve internal communications
is the installation of 1.1 million new telephone lines in its major cities.

shape. ITT and RCA, through local
subsidiaries,
provideradiotelephone, radiophoto, and Telex servLots of company
ice via shortwave systems; Western'Telegraph and Italcable do likewise
Today, Brazil's telecommunicaby submarine cable. The Brazilian
tions system is acrazy quilt. Theregovernment is due to take overare more than 700 local telephonethose services, and some of the incompanies.
But one company
stallations, when the last foreign
alone, Coinpanhia Telefonica Braconcession expires in 1971.
sileira, operating chiefly in Rio deModernization and improvement,
Janeiro and Sao Paulo, has 85%
of all subscribers. CTB operates a therefore, are long overdue. Right
now, public interest is focused on
460-channel microwave relay systhe $3 million satellite ground statem between those two cities, andtion
at Itaborai, for which Hughes
there is a 120-channel system beAircraft is supplying $1.5-million
tween Rio and Belo Horizonte,
worth of equipment. The reason isplus a 132-channel link from Belosoccer, or futebol, as Brazilians call
Horizonte to the capital, Brasilia.
it.
Brazilians are probably the
All are due to be replaced.
world'smost rabid soccer fans, andOther than that, all Brazil has in
Brazilian teams twice running havethe way of intercity communicawalked off with the World Soccer
tions is afew low-capacity circuits
Cup in international competition.
in long lines or uhf, plus shortThe next World Cup matches arewave systems operated by various
scheduled for mid-1970 in Mexico,
government bodies, airlines, andand the Brazilians' insistence onother private companies for theirwatching them live has given an
own use.
extra and concerted push to the
Via mail. The Post Office runs
government's communications prothe telegraph system. Because ofgram, just as last year's Olympics
a shortage of messengers, it says,
did for Mexico [Electronics, April 1,
telegrams are usually mailed. Recently, the Post Office set up a 1968, p. 95].
When fully functional—by theTelex system serving 3,000 customend of this year—the Itaborai
ers in 16 cities, and the service isground station will operate withto be extended to an additional
three r-f channels. One will be cap4,000 customers.
able of handling 132 voice chanActually, compared to the donels, one will be for television, andmestic problems Brazil's internathe third will take service messages
tional communications are in better
impact, the program is most astonishing."

Circle 135 on reader service card --›-

Once we al t
ook lessons in ultrasonics
from t porpoise. But today,
thinks to Branson's 23 years ofconcentration in the field andlaboratory, what once seemed an
obscure principle has now been
applied as apractical working tool.
How far have we come? Yesterday's
scientific phenomenon has become
afull line of Branson Ultrasonic

Cleaners, ranging from standard andcustom units to rugged productionproven systems ... plus aregular lineof degreasers, and conveyorized
and automated cleaning systems.
Result: Branson can handle cleaningfrom bulky castings to the mostdelicate electronic components.
If there's ultrasonic cleaning in yourfuture, don't you need someone
with ultrasonic cleaning in his past?
Find him at Branson.
Branson Instruments Co., a subsidiaryof Smith Kline & French Laboratories,
Progress Drive, Stamford,
Connecticut 06904

BRANSON

For sound ideas in cleaning, testing and measuring

The silent world of working sound.

PULSE
Our PG-13 high output E/I pulser will
put out ±.100 volts in the E-mode and-±-2 amps in the I-mode. PRF 1Hz to
25 MHz. And with typical 3-1 full parameter
control to give you more flexibility.
Examples: Rise and fall times are independently and continuously variable from
10 ns to 50 ms with greater than 100:1
dynamic range between them. Positive or
negative, single or double pulses with thewidth of each pulse independently variablein the double pulse mode. Amplitude andbaseline controls continuous and independent. Delay, first pulse to second pulse,
variable from 15 ns to 500 ms.
You can gate the PG-13 or trigger it to
25 MHz or operate it "one-shot" from afront panel pushbutton. Sync pulse, +1V,
15 ns +. Input impedance can be switchselected for 50 or 500 ohms, and you canvary threshold and sensitivity. Output
protected against overloads and shorts;
overload indicator.
The PG-13 is solid-state, DC-coupled.
Meticulous, advanced design and construction.
For complete technical data or ademonstration, please write or phone: CHRONETICS,
500 Nuber Avenue, Mt. Vernon, N.Y.
(914) 699-4400; in Europe: 39 Rue Rothschild, Geneva, Switzerland (022) 31 81 80.

PRODUCTS OF
Ce-tRONETiCSSEE US AT IEEE BOOTH Nos. 2A10-2A14

11151X-2 11A1
no
10

FREQUENCY MAX

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OP11111111
framerrieNTAL INSTRUMENTS pc
wr. YERNOK NY

4
RISE. FALL TIMEOUTPUT

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Army attacks the problem
It was aBrazilian, stately Emperor Dom Pedro II, who is credited withgiving Alexander Graham Bell aboost by calling attention to his standat Philadelphia's Centennial Exhibition in 1876. And Rio was among
the first cities where Bell's company installed aphone system.
But communications failed to keep pace with the progress made inother sectors in Brazil. The chief reasons for this were politics, nationalism, and inflation.
Recent civilian governments eager to promote development gavepriority to hydroelectric proiects, roads, steel mills, and other undertakings with more visible public relations impact. Left-wing and ultranationalist political pressures kept foreign-owned utilities from raisingrates fast enough to stay ahead of inflation. Service deteriorated, thereby
heightening sentiment for nationalization. In fact, an ITT telephone subsidiary was actually expropriated by astate government five years ago.
(Later. ITT got its money.)
By the numbers. With the emergence of military regimes in 1964,
however, the outlook for telecommunications began to change. Awareof its importance from the standpoint of national security, the militaryis giving telecommunications more attention. A Ministry of Communications was set up. The government bought Companhia Telefonica
Brasileira from the Canadian-based Brazilian Light & Power for $96
million, payable over 20 years. Phone rates were then raised steeply.
The Ministry of Communications, headed by Carlos Furtado de Simas,
has over-all responsibility for telecommunications. Contel is the Ministry's advisory organ and has policing powers similar to but going beyond
those of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission. Embratel, thegovernment long-lines and international operating company, is headedby Gen. Francisco Augusto de Souza Gomes Galvao.
Nobody is applauding the military emphasis on telecommunications
more than businessmen, for whom poor communications means losses
running into the millions, in terms of contracts lost, delays in orderingparts, or getting in ahead of the competition with orders. To overcome
difficulties, many companies either maintain their own single-sideband
facilities or keep fleets of vehicles shuttling back and forth between
plant and office with messages.
Manufacturers of telecommunications equipment, of course, are reaping a windfall from Brazil's ambitious telecommunications aims. ITT,
Ericsson, Philips, Plessey's Automatic Telephone & Electric, Siemens, andOlivetti—all have plants in Brazil. And Nippon Electric agreed to set up
afactory as part of its deal for contracts for the microwave relay system.

and television voice.
The station will be linked by two
independent microwave systems,with atotal of four r-f channels, toan international communications
center in Rio for which ITT's local
manufacturing subsidiary, Standard
Electrica, is supplying equipment.
Warp and woof. The $150-million national microwave network
Brazil is weaving together will
have three interconnected trunk
routes, and probably a fourth tolink Brasilia directly with Belem.
This system, the backbone of
the country's telecommunications
structure, will eventually provide
atotal of 4,123,000 channels. Radioequipment is solid state, virtually
all imported. The trunks will haveacapacity of 960 channels for eachradio frequency, with the exception
Electronics

March 17, 1969of the new Rio-Sao Paulo link,
where capacity will be 1,800 channels. The systems will operate in
two frequency bands, 4and 6gigahertz, with backup channels forautomatic protection against failures, and automatic signaling
equipment. Relay stations will be
about 32 miles apart, and about afourth of them will be attended.
The system will be operated by
Embratel, Empresa Brasileira deTeleedmunicacoes, a Government
company set up in 1962 to operateinterstate, and eventually international, communications. Embratel
may also take over telegraph andTelex from the postal department.
Work is furthest along on the
600-mile southern trunk. With 23
relay stations, it will run from Sao
Paulo to Porto Alegre, thus linking

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Circle 137 on reader service card

137

ANTENNAandTOWER
INSULATORSby LAPP

Lapp insulators support most of the world's large radio towers, bothself-supporting and guyed masts. Lapp has designed and built baseinsulators from 80,000 lbs. to 9,000,000 lbs. ultimate strength. Lappstrain insulators have been made from 1200 lbs. to 620,000 lbs.
ultimate strength. D Lapp is also a dependable supplier of entrance,
spreader and stand-off insulators for transmission lines. Other Lapp
insulators and our gas filled capacitors are used in transmitters andcoupling networks. D Difficult insulating problems are welcome here at
Lapp. We've been solving them foralmost a half century. Write Lapp
Radio Specialties Division, Lapp Insulator Co., Inc., 505 Sumner St.,
LeRoy, N. Y. 14482.

138

Circle 138 on reader service card

the nation's financial and industrial
hub with the rich agricultural regions of the south. Nippon Electricis supplying the equipment. In
fact, the Japanese company has
walked off with the largest single
slice of the microwave job, including the new Rio-Brasilia and RioSao Paulo links, at a figure ofaround $34 million.
The southern trunk initially will
provide 660 telephone channels
from Sao Paulo to Curitiba in theState of Parana, 360 channels from
Curitiba south to Porto Alegre. A
branch system will extend from
Curitiba to Florianopolis, startingwith 108 channels and then dropping down to 60 for the final stretchof the network.
In January, Embratel signed acontract with Standard Electrica
for equipment for the western
trunk, to run from Sao Paulo some
800 miles to Campo Grande in theState of Mato Grosso. The line will
have 25 relay stations and acapacity for 960 channels.
Embratel's northeast trunk, forwhich Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken is supplying equipment, will
run from the mining and metallurgical center of Belo Horizonte to thecities on Brazil's northeast bulge:
Salvador, Recife, and Fortaleze.
The route will be extended from
Fortaleze to Belem with medium
capacity equipment, for which
General Telephone & Electronics
has received the contract.
Embratel is adding a few more
links to round out the microwave
system. One will go from Rio to theore-shipping port of Vitoria up thecoast. Another will link Sao Paulowith the city of Uberaba in thestate of Minas Gerais. This will
provide an alternate route fornorth-south traffic bypassing Rio.
According to Contel officials, a
final decision has not yet beenreached on the proposed 1,200 mileroute from Brasilia almost due
north to Belem. But the expectation is that it will be microwave
relay also, rather than troposcatter.
Through jungles. Cost of the
Amazon basin troposcatter system,
for which final details are being
worked out, is estimated at $36
million. From Belem upriver 870
miles to Manaus it will provide 60
to 120 channels for voice, telegraph, Telex, facsimile, data, andElectronics IMarch 17, 1969

Y

4ve
l

g
bridge the op amp generation gap
Philbrick/Nexus combines the best of monolithic anddiscrete technologies to create the now generation of op
amps —the hybrids. They're micro-miniature and low cost,
yet their overall performance is equal to or better than theirdiscrete predecessors. And, built-in stabilization simplifies
circuit design by eliminating external components.
1402 — high performance
applications

FET

for

battery

The 1402 features a quiescent current
drain of only 500 p.A with a power
supply voltage range of ±4V to±24V, full output frequency of 80
KHz and output capability of ±14V
at ±5mA with ±15V power supply.
TO-8 case; 0.5" diameter, 0.14"
high. Price: $75 each in 1-9
quantity.
Other hybrids offering interesting
performance characteristics:
1404 offers the lowest powerdrain (50p.A) of any general purpose hybrid on the market. ±2.5
to ±15 volt operation. Produces 1
mA output. Size: 0.75" x 0.45" x0.20" high. Price: $58 each in 1-9
quantity.
1406 is a small (T0-8 case) fast
general purpose op amp. Price: $36
each in 1-9 quantity.
1407 is a low cost high performance FET which features again band
width product of 30 MHz. Full output
frequency is 100 KHz. TO-8 case. Price:$63 each in 1-9 quantity.
1408 is alow cost differential FET input. Size: 0.6" x0.6" x0.25" high. Price: $30 each in 1-9 quantity.
Q25AH is awideband, high reliability FET. 1,000,000 hours logged without asingle failure. TO-8 case. $180 each in 1-9 quantity.
No other manufacturer offers as wide avariety. Ability to innovate,
design and manufacture will continue to provide agreater variety of hybrids from Philbrick/Nexus than you'll get from any other single source.

VISIT US AT THE IEEE
BOOTHS 2A32, 2A34 and 2A36.

Electronics

March 17, 1969

For complete specifications and technical assistance, contact your
Philbrick/Nexus field-engineering representative or write, Philbrick/
Nexus Research, 22 Allied Drive at Route 128, Dedham, Mass. 02026.

Ar
e

PHILBRICK/NEXUS RESEARCHA TELEDYNE COMPANY
139

the visibility is great
in more ways than one
Most manufacturers want plants with good visibility. It's
good product advertising to have your new facilities seen bymany.
Our growing network of express highways offers more thanfast, easy transportation—there are fully developed, high visibility sites available now.
Add to this fact — our industrial climate is excellent — with
33% of the nation's industrial market within a300-mile radius.
A vast new highway system, with five express routes, makes
most major eastern and midwestern markets an overnight haul.
Ample labor is on hand to be upgraded to your needs.
Want visible evidence? We have up-to-date data on theindustrial climate in 33% of the total area of New York State.
For confidential, professional assistance ...
Contact: W. K. Lampman, Manager of Area Development,
New York State Electric & Gas Corp., 4500 Vestal Parkway E.,
Binghamton, N.Y. 13902.
Phone:
607/729-2551.

LEI US INIRODUCE)(ov -to UPSIAIENEW YORK

PLANT LOCATION ASSISTANCEWRITE FOR FREE 195-PAGE
INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY
of our area — on your letterhead, please.

140

NATIONWIDE NETWORK

Circle 140 on reader service card

high-fidelity transmissions. A spurnorth to Boa Vista, where Brazilian
army engineering battalions are
cutting a road through the dense
jungle, will provide 12 to 24 channels, initially for telephone andtelegraph facilities only. A third
troposcatter route,
starting at
Campo Grande and reaching northwest a total of 1,430 miles to Rio
Branco near the Bolivian border,
will provide voice channels.
The troposcatter system will give
Brazil additional ties to international communications, via Georgetown and Trinidad to the north,and Bolivia to the west, and thus
fits in with plans for establishing an
Interamerican telecommunications
network.
"Our basic program won't be ofmuch help unless we do something
about the jam in local communications," says Wiltgen.
Few phones. Brazil presently has
1.6 installed telephones for each
100 inhabitants, aratio "abysmallylow, even by Latin American
standards," says Contel engineer
Romulo Furtado. To get on a parwith France or Italy, where theratio is 10 phones per 100 persons,would mean immediate installationof 7 million telephones. The government's plans fall far short ofthis goal. But Brazil is earmarking
nearly $400 million to add another
1.1 million lines, primarily in urban
centers, by 1971.
Most of the money will be spentby CTB to double the number ofphone line in Sao Paulo to 450,000(76,000 llave already been installed), and to add 385,000 lines
to Rio's present 315,000. Ericsson
do Brasil won the contract for the
Sao Paulo expansion, and ITT's
Standard Electrica for Rio. Local
telephone companies elsewhere are
placing orders for atotal of 500,000
new lines. All equipment is being
manufactured in Brazil.
Package deal. Where is themoney to finance Brazil's big communications program coming from?
Telephone expansion is largely
self-financed, with subscribers required to buy $500 worth of company debentures before they get
their phones. The program has
been going well in Sao Paulo and
Recife, and it is picking up speedin Rio after a slow start, due to
CTB's poor public image in that
city.
Circle 141 on reader service card —›-Facts come inloud and clear
on the Brush mark 280.
Twice as loud and clear.
The Mark 280 is the best way yet to gethigh precision in aportable recorder.
The facts come in on 80mm channels, twice the width of conventional
channels. Thus resolution is doubled— because measurements, no matter
how complex, are displayed on twice
the usual scale
are twice as easy to
see and read.
The traces are just plain beautiful —clear, sharp and uniform at any writing
speed — so there's no questioning thevalues you've recorded. They're produced by a pressurized fluid writing
method that forces the trace into thepaper—not just on it. Never asmudge
or smear. The writing's dry on contact.
Accuracy? We guarantee 99 1/
2 %,and most Mark 280's do even better—
thanks to our foolproof pen-position
feed-back system that enforces accuracy. Frequency response? To 35 Hz atfull 80mm scale—out to 200 Hz at
useable amplitudes. Calibrated zero
suppression. It's one of many options.

Doubled resolution, near-perfectaccuracy, crisp clear traces, high frequency response. That's what you can
expect from the Mark 280. Ask yourBrush sales engineer for ademonstration. Or write for complete details.
Clevite Corporation, Brush Instruments Division, 37th and Perkins,
Cleveland, Ohio 44114. We'll include
our handy "Chart Running Time" calculator and slide rule.

CLEVITE BRUSH

Why does Sealectro make such awide variety of programming devices?

Just so we can give you
the little things thatcount and switch andcontrol an 'read and
program and...

trocardTM 10 x 10 Badge Readers, 51 x 12 Tab

and program display — in any conceivable configuration. SealectroswitchTM field-adjustable

Readers and 80 x 12 Card Readers designed for
maximum versatility... they just work and work

just plain switching.

and work. Sealectroboardim programmingboards for all types of programming, switching,and Sealectro provides every one of them.

meet every programming requirement. Sealec-

programming switches for timing and control or
It's the little things that count in programming

Write or call to hear about our complete line.
PROGRAMMING DEVICES DIVISIONSEALECTRO
CORPORATION
MAMARONECK • NEW YORKPHONE: 914 698-5600

EMBED
Visit SEALECTRO at IEEE Show
142

Circle 142 on reader service card

TWX: 710-566-1110

Sealectro Ltd. Portsmouth, Hants, England
Sealectro S.A. Villiers-le-Bel, Paris, France

Booths 4E03-4E07.
Circle 143 on reader service card —›-RF power devices
in hermetic
stripline packages

TYPICAL DEVICES AVAILABLE
Power Rating

Device Number
ungrounded

groundedemitter

emitter
1w@1GHz
2.5w@1GHz
5w@1GHz
15w@400MHz
10w@1GHz

Similar to

S3042

S3043

2N4429

S1007

S1008

S1009
S3512
S1054

S1010
S3511
S1055

2N44302N4431
2N5016
S1050• Single chip reliability• Choice of grounded or ungrounded emitter• Available from the shelf in quantity• Wide variety of devices available upon request
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT:Electronic
U litedComponents DVSON OF 8 rcraftI

I

I

TREVOSE, PENNSYLVANIA
Tel. 215-355-S000
IN THE WEST

144

Circle 144 on reader service card

TVVX: 510-667-1717 •128 E. KATELLA AVE., ORANGE, CALIF., (714) 639-4030

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

For electrical contacts,
as in mini-fashion,

It pays
to see a
specialist
Like a successful model-on-the go, Deringer
is an on-the-go company which concentrates
all efforts on providing our customers withthe best in electrical contacts, contact subassemblies and assemblies. When you
consider the many factors involved indesigning the optimum electrical contact for a specific application, theadvantages of specialization areimportant to you. So contact
Deringer. We'll send one of our"go-go" specialists right away.

41e

ele

METALLURGICAL CORPORATION
1250 Town Line Road (Rt. 60) Mundelein, Illinois 60060

Circle 145 on reader service card

How AO fiber optic light guides
solve illumination problems.

Transmit"cold" light like other forms of energy—by
flexible routing to remote or inaccessible locations,hazardous areas, or any abnormal environment.

Supply multiple illumination from asingle lightsource, with multi-branched light guides.

Simplify lighting problems by eliminating lens systems, multiple lamps, complex electrical circuitry.

Provide input-output geometry conversions suchas round-to-square, round-to-slit, etc.

These are only afew of the ways in which American
Optical fiber optic light guides are used to help solve
illumination problems. Specific applications range
from mark sense readout to electro-optical sensing indata processing, circuit verification, fire control, null
detection, light pens, spot illumination,and many others.

available in bundle sizes from .020" to 1/
4", with 30 to6000 fibers, lengths up to 72", plastic or stainless steel
tips, and PVC sheaths. Custom light guides can besupplied in any length desired, with special end tips,
sheaths, diameters, input-output face configurations,and branchings.

Simple, reliable, economical. AO fiber optic lightguides are simple, passive elements which remain
extremely reliable under normal vibration,
temperature or humidity changes, or otherenvironmental fluctuations. This results in long service
life with minimum maintenance.
Standard and custom light guides from American
Optical have light transmission ranges from 400 to1500 millimicrons. Standard light guides are

A leader in optics since 1833, American Optical
Company brings agreat breadth of related experienceto the technology of fiber optics. Our versatility infiber optics is unmatched by any other manufacturer.
In fact, AO scientists already hold more than 200
important patents or patents pending in this relatively
new field.
For Fiber Optics Data Kit, send reader service card,or write to Fiber Optics Department:

AMERICAN OPTICAL COMPANYSpace-Defense Division •Southbridge, Mass. 01550

146

Circle 146 on reader service card

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Mondays never look
the same to Bob Byse
When you're breaking ground on a new idea at Delco, you don't see a lot of your own
desk. For Bob Byse, design engineering means work with two dozen solid
professionals ... people whose specialties range from microelectronics
to model making to production. Wherever the project leads, Bob Byse is on his way.
And every skill is at his disposal. Right through full production.
And beyond. If there's trouble shooting under dealer warranty three years from now,
Bob Byse is still the man we'll call for. That's why no two Mondays
ever look alike to Bob Byse and his colleagues at Delco.
The question is ... can you say the same? Take agood hard look at how yourresponsibility shapes up, compared with Bob's. In fact, why not discuss it with us.
By letter or telephone. Collect. Area Code 317/459-2808.
Contact: Mr. C. D. Longshore, Supervisor, Salaried Employment,
Dept. 304, Delco Radio Division of General Motors, Kokomo, Indiana.

DELCO GMRADIO

AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYERDIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORSKOKOMO, INDIANAMARK OF EACELLENCL

Circle 147 on reader service card

"Freon''''solvents
cut cleaning costs 40%
and increased our
production as well..
—I)n James K. Clauss, Signetics Corporation

Signetics Corporation of Sunnyvale, California, is one of the top four
firms in the hottest product area inelectronics—integrated circuits.
Signetics uses FREON solvents
to eliminate electroplating residues
which could adversely affect theseal integrity of the packages inwhich they encapsulate their integrated circuits.
Before Signetics started using
FREON, this critical cleaning process
for their integrated circuit packages
was more elaborate and required
several different cleaning agents.
"Now," says Dr. Clauss, "FREON
simplifies the process itself andreduces the usage of solvents."
Signetics also found FREON
safer to use—no need for elaborate
protective devices. This permits
greater freedom for the employees
using the product.
Increased efficiency is anotherbonus for Signetics. The use of
FREON lets them eliminate several
inconvenient and time-consuming
steps in the drying process. FREON
also permits continuous recovery
operation.
In summing up, Dr. Clauss said,"FREON has all the qualities we'relooking for—low toxicity, highpurity, quick drying and stability."
For facts on FREON, write to
Du Pont Co., Room 7303 ;Wilmington,
Del. 19898. (In Europe: DuPont deNemours International S.A., Freon®
Products Div., 81, Route de l'Aire,
CH 1211, Geneva 24, Switzerland.)*Rea. U.S. Pat. Off. for Du Pont'a fluorocarbon »Dann.

HPÜNT F9sN®
Dr. James K. Clauss, senior member of the technical staff at Signetics Corp.
148

Circle 148 on reader service card

Circle 149 on reader service card —3-

Only one man
in athousandneeds this speed in asynchro-to-digital converter...
(the other 999 sleep nights knowing it's there)

Tracks both resolver andsynchro data up to
20,000° /sec. with minimal velocity error, Kv of
200,000. Converts continuously to digital-data
output with 0.01 resolution and accuracy. Optional: 0.001° resolution,
10-arc-second accuracy at
2,000°/sec.

Accepts both resolver andsynchro-angle data from
11.8V to 90V line-to-line
at 400Hz. All solid-state
design with no moving
ports provides essentiallyinertialess response. Options of 60Hz to 5KHz
ignal.

,

3 5 9:
2Ce

on,

eV

545

via

VOe.eetee.e.

Operating modes may b
locally selected or remotely programmed.

Three-mode operatiorfContinuous tracking; Update (repetitive track/
hold with display time
variable from 0.3 to 3
secs.); Hold (one-shottrack/hold with continuous display sequence).

NO19,r111-1 _ATLANTIC
industries, inc.

North Atlantic Model 545
Angle Position Indicator isavailable in a standard
panel-mounting rack. A
16-bit binary version isavailable in a half-rackconfiguration, and synchro-to-digital modules
are available for MUX
systems—all elegant examples of North Atlantic's
creativity in automatic
test equipment, resolver/synchro instrumentation,and computer-interface
equipment. For additional, rewarding details
call our field-engineering
representative (see EEM),
use the reply card, or callor write North Atlantic Industries, Inc., Terminal
Drive, Plainview, Long Island, N.Y. 11803, (516)681-8600.
e

Printed circuit profits
are in the holes
But Monarch/Edlund's NPB-S numerically controlled printed circuit drilling machine will put them in yourbank account, where they belong. D The NPB-S is a compact version of the famous Monarch/Edlund NPB,
long the standard of the printed circuit board industry. D The NPB-S can accurately produce 15 to 25,000 holes
per hour when drilling 2stacks of 1/
16 thick circuit boards, 4to astack. This rate can be achieved on all thecommon types of board materials. This is a productive rate of 30 to 50,000,000 holes per year on a8hour shift.
E If your annual hole drilling requirements are approaching this volume you should be looking at the NPB-S
to give you the efficiency and quality that spells more profits and more satisfied customers. D The NPB-S willautomatically produce 4 different hole sizes in a single set-up. Fixtures are simple, set-up time is short, and theoperator will have free time to permit inspection or loading preparations. D Short, Medium, or Long runs,
NPB-S drills them all. Accurately. Economically. Profitably. Get the wholestory from your Monarch/Edlund representative. Or write: Edlund Division,
Monarch Machine Tool Company, P. 0. Box 749, Cortland, New York 13045.

MonarchNew Products

March 17, 1969

LSI halves price of multimeter
French company uses 475-transistor chip in 16-ounce instrument to be unveiled
at Paris Components Show; Honeywell to market instrument in the U.S.
By Stewart Toy
Paris news bureau

Most of the IC's are gone from theDigitest, and so is half of its price.
Engineers at France's Schneider
Radio Television pulled 12 integrated circuits out of their company's digital multimeter andreplaced them with a single largescale integrated circuit. Called theDigitest 500, the LSI multimeter
will be introduced at the Paris
Components Show, which begins
March 24. The 500 is scheduled toarrive in the United States in June,
carrying a $195 price tag.
The meter works with either a-c
or d-c and measures voltage, current, and resistance. It has 17
ranges with accuracies from 0.3%
to 1.5%. Input impedance is 1,000
megohms per volt; low-range sensitivities are 100 microvolts and 100
nanoamps.
The Digitest 500 weighs 16
ounces and is 9by 5 by 2 inches.

"We could have made it smaller," the LSI market. After talking tosays Martin Birnbaum, general many firms, including Texas Instrumanager of Schneider's Profes- ments, Motorola, and Fairchild,sional Electronics division, "but Schneider picked General Instruyou have to make the buttons big ment Corp., last June, to help deenough for the user to push, and velop an LSI circuit for thethe Nixie tubes have to be big proposed multimeter.
enough to see."Finalchoice.
Engineersat
The unit runs off 110 or 220 volts
Schneider designed adozen possia-c, or 11 to 18 volts d-c.
ble circuits for the new meter, andSchneider turned to LSI because GI picked three as feasible for LSI.
of stiff competition in the American Schneider then made its final
multimeter market. The firm ex- choice—a 475-transistor circuit.
ports alarge share of its Digitests
Development work was done by
to the U.S. where they're marketed engineers at GI's plant in Naples.
by Honeywell Inc. As IC's began GI plans to make the circuits at its
replacing discrete components in Hicksville, N.Y. facility, and thenmultimeters, Schneider had trouble send the chips to Naples for enmatching the prices of its American capsulation.
competitors. IC's used in the comGI's bill for development workpany's digital multimeter, the $400 came to about $35,000. In addition,
Digitest 333, cost twice as much in
Schneider agreed to buy a miniFrance as they do in the U.S.
mum of 10,000 circuits at about $8
So Schneider went shopping in per circuit. Based on a 10,000-cir-Frank display. The price of this threedigit multimeter is $195. Schneider,the meter's maker, kept costs down by
using a custom-designed LSI circuitin place of a dozen off-the-shelf IC's.
The meter has 17 ranges, and runs
off line voltage or a battery.

Electronics

March 17, 1969151

... the higher-priced 333
won't be retired ...

Look what $325 buys
in alpV Full Scale
DC Null Detector/Microvoltmeter
It buys you a portable performer

a null detector, it doubles as a 1/Iv

with 0.15 microvolt resolution. It's

to 1000 volt microvoltmeter with 19

handy and convenient to use. It's

zerorugged, too—works more than 1000

measuring thermocouple and ther-

centerranges.

itmopilezinc

tance, making Hall Effect studies,

It's

the

Keithleycontact

forcontinuous hours on four carbonbatteries.

potentials,

Use

resis-

Model 155—the lowest-priced elec-

or whatever.

tronic null detector on the market

See this little giant perform. Call

today.

your Keithley Sales

The 0.03 I.Lv

yourrms input noiseisdemonstration.

Engineer forOr

contact

quieter than any other in its price

Keithley Instruments, Inc. for com-class. Coupled with better than 1/
2

plete details-28775 Aurora Road,yv per day stability and 1megohm

Cleveland, Ohio 44139. In Europe:

input resistance at 1 1.iv full scale,

14, Ave. Villardin, 1009 Pully, Suisse.

the 155 is ideal as a null detector

Prices slightly higher outside thefor potentiometers, bridges, ratio

U.S.A. and Canada.

devices and comparator circuits.
When the Model 155 isn't working as

I 'I' 1---I
152

Circle 152 on reader service card

cuit sale, the cost per circuit is$11.50—a considerable saving overthe $35 Schneider pays for the 12
IC's in the 333.
Schneider also saves on discrete
transistors. The 500 has 50 transistors, 130 less than the older meter
has.
Besides reducing the component
costs, Ls! cuts the number of soldering points, which lowers laborcharges. Schneider also figures thatits quality control costs will fallbecause it's as responsibility toinspect the LSI circuit.
Going LS! meant that Schneider
engineers had to redesign the multimeter. "We just couldn't replace
12 boxes with one without doingsome rewiring," says Birnbaum.
"So we redesigned the instrument."
First, the circuits were designed
to interface the LSI circuit and themeter's
50
transistors.
Then,
Schneider engineers went inside
the meter and redesigned thecounters' logic and output circuits
and some of the logic circuits inthe analog-to-digital converter. The
result is that the LSI circuit has
only 16 soldering points.
The meter's logic and countercircuits are all on the LS! chip. One
operational amplifier and some discrete components do the signal
conditioning. The a-d converter isall discrete components, primarily
field effect transistors.
Even when the 500 is on themarket, Schneider won't retire the333 because the older unit has a
few features the new LSI version
doesn't have. Polarity on the 333 isautomatically displayed and theunit has 23 ranges. Also, the 333's
accuracy is between 0.1% and
0.2%.
Schneider expects that the 333
will still have appeal as abench-top
instrument.
This summer, Schneider expects
to reach its full production levelof 700 to 800 meters per month.
At the Paris show the compariy isalso introducing adigital panel meter that uses the same LS! circuit as
the Digitest 500. This unit, the VT500, will sell for $120.
Schneider Radio Television, 12, Rue
Louis Bertrand, 94 Ivry, France [338]Electronics

March 17, 1969

Our eyes do everything
but blink.
Newest camera tubes promise unprecedented performancein low light level TV, pattern recognition, tracking.
Called aCinticon' camera tube
our newest electro -optical device
combines an orthicon-like storage/
amplifying film with aVidicon gun
and intensifier. The result is asmall
super sensitive tube that will operate in near darkness.
Applications that immediately
come to mind are surveillance cameras, cameras for on-spot news coverage, research into behavioral sciences, remote observation in lightsensitive areas, as well as ahost of
military uses, both airborne andground.
Vidissectoe, Uvissector'
and Vidicon Tubes
What makes advanced devices suchas the Cinticon tube possible is ourdecades long experience over awide range of tube design, production and application know-how.

Our very high resolution image dissectors, Vidissector and Cvissector
tubes are cases in point. These magnetically focused and deflectedcamera tubes have awide spectral
response that ranges from near infrared to ultraviolet.
Add the advantages of reliability
and simple operation and you cansee why we've been the leading producer of these tubes for industrial
process control, star trackers, scanning spectrometers and slow scanTV systems.
Example of our expertise atwork: Vidicons which are the eyes
for unerring guidance of Walleye
and Maverick missiles.
Another: aunique Generation I
image intensifier. Available aseither asingle or multiple stage device, it utilizes fiber optics coupled
to aVidicon for industrial security,

surveillance or low light level TV.
Correlation
Not just content with seeing accurately, we also build a tube that
remembers what it sees. Our workin correlation tubes has initiatedentirely new methods of image
processing. Among them: patternrecognition motion compensation,
map and document reading, tracking, as well as electronic manipulation of images such as in area correlation, multiplication and division.
Naturally, we'd like to put thisexperience to work for you. Writefor our brochure on electro -opticaldevices. If you have a blue-sky
problem you want brought down toearth call us direct. ITT Electron
Tube Division, International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation,
PO. Box 100, Easton, Pennsylvania.
Phone: (215) 252-7331

Fig. 3Fig. ICinticon camera tube combines orthicon-like storage withintensifier for super sensitivity under low light conditions. Fig. 2
Vidissector and Uvissector tubes ranging from near infrared toultraviolet are reliable, simple to operate.

Fig. 4

Fig. 3Special design of Vidicons results in accurate guidance ofWalleye and Maverick missiles. Fig. 4 Correlation tubes makepossible new methods of electronic manipulation of images.

ELECTRON TUBE DIVISIONElectronics IMarch 17, 1969

ITT

Circle 153 on reader service card

153

New components

Terminal helps stamp out stampings
Grooved pins cut costs of producing reed relay assemblies;
notched ends facilitate soldering of leads and improve rigidity
Attaching wires to terminals is oneof the most critical operations inpackaging electronic devices. It's
also one of the most expensive.
The Automatic Electric Co., themanufacturing subsidiary of theGeneral Telephone & Electronics
Corp., manufactures reed switches
by the thousands, some with as
many as fourteen terminals, sowhen the Groov-Pin Corp. came up

with a potentially cheaper andmore reliable terminal, AE was receptive. As it turned out, the potential was fully realized; although
AE won't reveal the specific production cost savings afforded by
the new terminal, they are known
to be significant.
Until recently, Automatic Electric used stampings as the terminals of their Correeds—dry reedswitches with a sensitivity of 35
milliwatts at pull-in. These stampings were difficult to connect because of all the orientation involvedin press-fitting them into the nylon
frame holding the coil.
Seeking areplacement for them,
Automatic
Electric
engineers
looked at Groov-Pin's fastener,
which is a combination terminaland pin. The nickel-silver pin is

CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
MODEL
FREQ.
SER NO

High-speed, d-c static circuit
breaker, model SD500 gives aclean, arc-free, bounceless breakat 50 Asec after current overload.
It is available in 5 models, ranging from 25 ma to 1 amp. Eachhas its trip point adjustable from
50% to 150% of its rating. Price(1 to 3) is $26.75 each; delivery,stock to 2weeks ARO. Flight Systems Inc., P.O. Box 25, Mechanicsburg, Pa. 17055 [341]

Oiltight pushbuttons and indicatorsin the PM line offer awide variety
of interchangeable switching elements. Each square unit mounts in
a 7/
a-in.-diameter round hole, yetdisplays full 0.9 x 0.9 in. panel
front area. Lighted devices use
up to 4 miniature lamps to illuminate 1, 2, 3 and 4-sectionlegendable displays. Micro Switch
Div. of Honeywell Inc., Freeport,
I
II. [342]

Bidirectional, miniature 10-position
pushbutton switch
series
MBP/AS-27000 is available indecimal, binary, and binary withcomplement outputs, and with internal lighting if desired. Push one
button to add, the other to subtract. Total panel height is 113a
in. and behind panel dimension
17/8 in. deep. Chicago Dynamic
Industries Inc., 1725 Diversey
Blvd., Chicago. [343]

Proportional-oven controlled crystal oscillators series CO-211 range
in stability from 1 x 10 -°per day
through 1 x 10 -7 per day. The
seven 2 x 2 x 3 in. plug-in
modules are electrically and mechanically interchangeable. Units
operate over any ambient temperature range between 0° to 50°C
and —55°C to +75 °C. Vectron
Laboratories Inc., 146 SelleckSt., Stamford, Conn. (344]Programing circuit selector called
Slide'n Switch is amodular switch
featuring the ability to go fromany one of a total of 11 positions
to any other position without contacting intermediate switch steps
enroute. Contacts are rated tocarry 3 amps static, 250 ma during switching for a minimum of
250,000
operations.
Sealectro
Corp., 225 Hoyt St., Mamaroneck,N. Y. 10543. [345]Plug-in p-c power transformers arefor use in power supplies for op
amps, control equipment, computer modules and instrumentation using miniaturized solid state
circuitry. Units provide step down
and isolation from power lines atrelatively low power levels ranging
from 0.325 to 7.5 va. They meet
MIL-T-27G Grade 6, Class R.
Microtran Co., 145 E Mineola
Ave., Valley Stream, N. Y. [346]

Illuminated push-button switches
handle 6 amps at 125 y a-c. The
design encloses a dpdt action ina miniature case and still allows
separate connections to the lamp
thus increasing circuit flexibility.
Plastic buttons are supplied in 3
basic sizes (
1
/
2,3
/
8,3
/
4 in.), either
round or square, in a choice of 9colors. Alco Electronic Products
Inc., Box 1348, Lawrence, Mass.
[347]

Card-edge p-c connector series
600-121-27 is a 27-dual contact
unit (54 terminals) with 0.100 in.
center-to-center contact spacing.
Current rating is 3 amps continuous, 5 amps max. A choiceof dip solder or solder lug terminations is available in gold plated
beryllium copper. Contacts accept
a h in. p-c board. Continental
Connector Corp., 34-63 56th St.,
Woodside, N. Y. [348]154Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

In the groove.
Nylon from coil

1/32 inch in diameter and a halfinch long and has swaged grooves
and ridges in the middle, making
that center region slightly oversized. When one of these pins isinserted in the relay's nylon coilform, it is locked in by the cold
flow of the nylon into the grooves.
This lock is enhanced when thecoil lead is soldered or welded tothe pin; the heat causes additional

MATERIALFLOWS INframe cold-flows
into grooves ofthe pin, and at thesame time compresses thegroove as the pin
is forced into the

GROOVECOMPRESSES

frame. Later,when wires are
soldered to thepin, the heatcauses additional
flow.

Plastic-cased miniature tubular
micas meet the electrical and environmental test requirements of
MIL-C-5C and EIA
RS-153A.
They are available in a capacitance
range of 1 pf to 1,000 pf andworking voltages of 500, 300 and
100 y d-c. Standard capacitanceis ±-5%. Dimensions are 0.312 in.
diameter x 0.515 in. long. Aerovox
Corp., New Bedford, Mass. 02741.
[349]

Forty-pin molded socket is designed to accept modules withround or flat leads. Wiping type
beryllium copper gold plated contacts assure positive retention.
Contacts are on a 0.100 in. grid
pattern. Chamfered entry holes
provide easy insertion. The socket
comes with p-c termination. Dimensions are 1.375 x 0.700 x
0.360 in. Augat Inc., Perry Ave.,
Attleboro, Mass. [350]Wire-wrap plate connectors meetstringent military and commercial
specifications. The 1000 series arefor 0.100-inch grid spacings, andthe 1200 series are for 0.125inch grid spacings. Each series
includes tuning fork components
and male blade contacts. NAFItype polarizing bushings are available for the 1000 series. Teradyne
Components, 900 Lawrence St.,
Lowell, Mass. [351]Surface temperature transducers
series 4-510 employ reference
grade platinum as the sensing element. Standard units feature atemperature range of —320 ° to+650 °F, ice point resistance of
100
ohms,
repeatabilityof
4-- 0.5 °F, and a time response of
1 second. Unit price is $87. Consolidated Electrodynamics Corp.,
360 Sierra Madre Villa, Pasadena,
Calif. [352]Monolithic gaussian crystal filter
6354 MA is for minimum delay
distortion in f-m, non-overshooting pulse response in pulse modulated systems, and reduced ringing
in swept frequency. Center frequency is 10.7 Mhz; 3-db bandwidth, 2.5 khz; 40-db bandwidth,17.5 khz max.; source impedance,
500 ohms resistance. Damon Engineering Inc., 115 Fourth Ave.,
Needham Heights, Mass. [353]

Subminiaturetransfer
switchseries 09-51 has a vswr of 1.25:1
at 12.4 Ghz, and provides highinterchannel isolation from 0 to
18 Ghz. Actuating current is 53
ma at 26.5 y at 25 °C for latchingand 177 ma for fail-safe operation. Switching time is less than
10 msec. Life is over 1 million
cycles. Electronic Specialty Co.,
4561 Colorado Blvd., Los Angeles
90039. [354]High-density, microminiature lamp
has a maximum diameter of 0.054
in. and bulb length of 0.176 in.
It is an unsupported filament, un based T- 3/
8,for use in electronic
circuit exciters, pointer indicators,
readout 'amps, and the like. Threeratings are available: 1.5 v, 0.051
amp; 3 v, 0.029 amp; 1.5 y,
0.015 amp. LAMPS Inc., South
Western Ave.,
Gardena,
Calif.
90247. [355]Microminiature relays series MA
and MS are TO-5 transistor sized.
The hermetically sealed, dpdt devices are rated at 1 amp and designed to withstand high environmental stresses. They meet all
applicable requirements of MILR-5757. Consistent contact performance is assured by strict
environmental control throughout
manufacture. Hi-G Inc., Windsor

Electronics

March 17, 1969

Locks, Conn. 08098. [356]

155

o

/

Collins has designed over 1,000 different hybrid thin film circuit devices. Many
are available off the shelf. For custom
or standard designs, call Collins,
the most experienced hybrid
thin film manufacturer. See
adjoining page for general circuit types andnames of men
ready to serveyou.

COLLINSHYBRID

Collins hybrid thin film circuits offer reduc-tions in volume, size and cost while improving
reliability and versatility. General types are
AOC circuits, amplifiers, balanced modulators, counters, dividers, drivers, encoders,filters, mixers, oscillators, regulators, shift
registers, signal conditioners, squelch
controls, switches, terminators, and triggers.
For Engineering Information
Collins' Engineering Representative in yourarea will advise you of available designs or
assist you with custom requirements. Call:
BALTIMORE J. R. Daniel &Co., Inc., Jim Daniel, 301-825-3330
BOSTON R. H. Sturdy Co., Charlie Sutherland, 617.235-2330
CHICAGO Edward Schmeichel Co., Ed Schmeichel, 312-378-2070
COLUMBUS Electronics Marketing Corp., Gerry Ihnat,614.2994161
DALLAS Dunbar Assoc., Inc., Craig LaTaste, 214-239.7151
DENVER Lindberg Co., John Lindberg, 303.757.6489
KANSAS CITY Midland Engineering Sales Assoc., M. J. McAllister,
913-262-6565
LOS ANGELES West Inc., Chuck Kelley, 714-540-9040
MINNEAPOLIS Merrill Franklin Co., Merrill Franklin,
612.920.8014
NEW YORK CITY Harold Gray Assoc., Inc., Harold Gray,
201-384-3643
ORLANDO William R. Lehmann Co., Bill Lehmann,305-841-4901
PHILADELPHIA J. R. Daniel and Co., Inc., Joe McDonald,215-887.0551
SAN DIEGO AXINN Assoc., Bill Anderson, 714-892-2030
SAN FRANCISCO Jack Pyle Co., Jack Pyle, 415-349-1266
SYRACUSE Naylor Electric Co., Inc., Jim Naylor, 315-472-9183
COPENHAGEN Tage Olsen A/S, Harry Diemer, 01-2948-00
DEN HAGUE Schreiner and Co., H. Zuiderduin, 070-601930
HELSINKI K. L. Nyman, K. L. Nyman, 21425 or 31025
LISBON Casa Serras, Augusto Serras, 32-01-33
LONDON G. A. Stanley Palmer, Ltd., Ken Drury, Molesey 7254
MADRID H&0Wilmer, Curt Wilmer, 231-8301 or 231-7307
MEXICO CITY Collins Radio de Mexico, S. A., Roberto Pelaez,25-11-92-56
MILAN Silverstar SPA., Halo Maier, 49.80.151
MONTREAL Collins Radio Co. of Canada, Ltd., Frank Williams,
514-631-9141
OSLO Luftmateriell A/S, Odd Ramsted, 33-32.03
PARIS Technique et Produits, Serge Sibon, 626-02.35
ROME Silverstar SPA., Franco Bartoccini, 855-366
STOCKHOLM John C. Lagercrantz, Stieg Svenson, 83.07.90
STUTTGART INDEG, Wolfgang Buhler, 06331/3008
TORONTO Collins Radio Co. of Canada, Ltd.. Jim Murray,416.757-1101
ZURICH Telion, Ltd. AG, Willie Bamert, 051-54-99-11
For Immediate Delivery
Collins Distributors stock representative
standard hybrid thin film devices for
immediate delivery in your area. Call:
BALTIMORE Technico, Inc., 301.828.6416
BOSTON Cramer Electronics, Inc., 617.969-7700
CHICAGO Newark Electronics Corp., 312-638-4411
FT. LAUDERDALE Cramer Electronics, Inc., 305.566-7511
NEWYORK Technical Electronic Distributors, Inc.,201-384-3643
For Free Designer's Manual
For afree copy of Collins Hybrid Thin Film
Designer's Application Manual, call or write
Tom Starr, Collins Radio Company, Newport
Beach, Calif. 92663, Tele. 714-833-0600.

//e
..
;

«"
*"•

COLLINS

See Collins hybrid thin films at N.Y. IEEE.
Circle 157 on reader service card

flow of nylon into the pin's grooves.
The pins are notched at bothends to facilitate wrapping andsoldering of the leads; however,leads can be attached over the entire length of the pin—unlike
stamped terminals. The pins require little orientation; either end
can be inserted in the coil frameand no rotation is needed. The
notches also produce amore rigid
assembly, according to Vincent
Mano, sales manager for GroovPin, thus improving reliability.
Automatic Electric found another benefit in switching fromstandard stampings to grooved
pins: the nylon coil frame could be
simplified. The press-fit stampings
required special keyholes of various diameters and shapes, but now
there's no need for hard-to-remove
core pins in the plastic mold.
The manufacturer of the grooved
pins claims that the technique offers similar savings to connector
and socket manufacturers.
Groov-Pin

Causeway,

Corp.,
1125
Hendricks
Ridgefield,
N.J.
07657

[357]

New components

Op amp trimming
done internally
Thick-film DIP units
designed as plug-in
replacements for 709's
Putting operational amplifiers instandard-size dual in-line packages
with standard lead spacing leftsomething to be desired until recently. To eliminate voltage offsets
and unwanted bias currents—thetwo prime sources of d-c error inan op amp—the user had to resort
to an external transistor as his bias
source. Since each op amp's trimming requirements in these areas is
unique, this becomes an individual
operation for each device.
Not so with two new hybrid
thick-film op amps to be introduced
next week at the IEEE Show by the
Burr-Brown Research Corp. Biascurrents are internally compen-sated, and voltage offset is internally trimmed in models 3226/03
and 3227/03. These are the first hybrid thick-film products to comefrom Burr-Brown, which has astrong reputation as a supplier of
discrete op amps. The firm plans to
put a good number of its linear
products into hybrid form, says
Jerry Graeme, hybrid products
manager.
The products marry Burr-Brown'smonolithic integrated circuit op
amp design with thick-film resistors and chip capacitors to provide
adevice that is fully compensatedinternally. It will also be a directplug-in replacement for the popular p.A709. Graeme says BurrBrown's op amp will also provide
strong competition for Fairchild's
ii.A741 on both price and specifications, even though the 741, like
Burr-Brown's, also has internal
phase compensation. The Fairchild
op amp is amonolithic device thatsells for $22.50 compared to $19.80
for Burr-Brown's model 3226/03;
the Burr-Brown model 3227/03 is
the same device with slightly relaxed specifications and aunit priceof $11.90.
Guarantees. Graeme says BurrBrown guarantees minimum levels
for all these specs: slewing rate,
voltage drift, and bias current drift.
Among monolithic op amp suppliers, he says only Fairchild's 709
and National's Lm 101A have guaranteed minimum voltage drifts, andno one guarantees slewing rate andbias current drift minimums.
The minimum slewing rate of
the model 3226/03, Graeme says, is
0.9 volt per microsecond over theentire output range of ±10 volts.
The device's typical slew rate is
two volts per psec compared witha 0.5 microvolt per £sec for the741. Input bias current at 25°C is±50 nanoamperes maximum.
Maximum bias current drift forthe model 3226/03 is ± one nanoamp per °C. Its typical current
drift is 0.5 nanoamp per °C as opposed to three nanoamps per °C
for the 741. The model 3226/03
has a maximum voltage drift of±15 microvolts per °C. Graeme
feels this feature will make it competitive with National Semiconductor's LM 201A monolithic op
amp, which costs a little less at$18 but has a maximum voltage
drift of ±20 ihv per °C and isn't
157

Every Engineer or Draftsman
should have the NEW BY-BUKCROSS REFERENCE GUIDE P-45
(supersedes By.Buk Catalog No. P-42)

YOUR RUDY
CPO, RUM.

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TO emuPROMO CIROUIT OITATIOIL

ono

A ims O..
AMA 1111

to better printed circuit
drafting.

This FREE 24 page booklet
contains color-coded standard
MIL-SPEC SIZES and design
standards ... plus a newly
added numerical index for
PRINT= ClfitCUrr
easy reference to over 2000
DRAFTING AIDS
pre-cut tapes, pads, shapes,
transistor tri -pads, spaced IC
terminal pad sets and other drafting aids forfaster, more accurate, distortion-free printed
circuit master drawings.
AMA
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9
8

internally phase compensated as
the Burr-Brown device is.
Well balanced. The design of his
firm's monolithic chip (which ismanufactured for Burr-Brown byMotorola's Semiconductor Products
division) is well balanced in biasing, explains Graeme. "If you maintain a balance in the single-ended
stage of your op amp, it tends toimprove the slewing rate, andwe've done this," he notes. He adds
that the design, by getting aroundthe cumbersome phase compensation required on the 709 chip, contributes to the better slewing rate.
"The point at which you apply
phase compensation is importantin its effect on slewing rate, - hecontinues. "In many monolithic op

gel

Send for your FREE guide today!
BY-BUK COMPANY
4326 West Pico Blvd. •Los Angeles, Calif. 90019 •(213) 937-3511
Circle 212 on reader service card

PAPER TAPE READERSFOR SMALL SPACES
AND LOW BUDGETS

MDS Paper Tape Readers are low cost, reliable units
engineered to meet your needs in programming andcontrol applications. The line includes Models 2119,
2120, 2121, 2153, 2166 and 2911...and the 2131 EdgePunched Card Reader.
Simple design and rugged construction characterizethese MDS Readers. They Incorporate the well-known
advantages of star-wheel sensing; reads 5, 6, 7 or 8

Contender. Hybrid op amp, front,
competes with monolithic in TO-5 can.

level; tape speeds to 60 characters per second; panel
or flat-bed mounting. Panel sizes from 31
2 " x 11" to/83
4 " x 19".
/
For simplicity in design ... reliability in action ...
specify MDS Low-Cost Paper Tape and Card Readers.

ASK FOR THE MDS FOLDER FILE
OR MEET YOUR MAN FROM MDS

MOHAVVKDATA SCIENCES CORPORATIONWROEM MARKETING
122 E Ridgewood Ave. • Paramus, N.J. 07652

MOS 2121 Paper Tape Reader

Telephone 201/265-7333
Every MDS Office is an OEM Marketing Office

MDS Low-Cost Paper Tape Readers

Digital Strip Printersmake no compromise with quality.

High-Speed and Low-Speed Line Printers
Card Punches and ReadersIro• Buffered Tape Units

amps it's applied at ahigh voltage
swing—on the order of volts instead of millivolts. We get aroundthis by avoiding the internal feedback loop used in many monolithic
op amps which can be oscillatory."
The model 3226/03 has a guaranteed output of :L-10 volts and aminimum open-loop gain of 93 decibels. Unity gain bandwidth is 1.0
megahertz and full-power response
is 15 kilohertz minimum. Model
3227/03 has a maximum voltage
drift of -±30 p:v per °C (vs. ±-15
for the 3226/03), aminimum slewing rate of 0.6 volt per tsec (vs. 1.0
volt per zsec), and a bias current
drift of -±1.5 na per °C (vs. 1.0 na
per °C). IEEE Booth No. 3A26.
Burr-Brown Research Corp., International Airport Industrial Park, Tucson,
Ariz. 85706 [358]158

Circle 158 on reader service card

Electronics

March 17, 1969

Suppose you need asequenceof information... immediately. And therecording device must be remote.
And the image resolution must bevery sharp. And electronic methods
haven't worked for you.

You might do very well with new
Kodak Bimat Transfer Film.
Difficult data-collection problems are everyday fare at
Kodak. Photography is extremely adept at gathering andrecording data that escape other methods.
KODAK BIMAT Transfer Film is an example. NASA choseit for Lunar Orbiter because—in effect—the "camera" wasmoving rapidly in its orbit over the moon's surface, andelectronic scanning could not produce the sharpness andresolution needed with any device that would fit into thecapsule. However, as is so often the case, photography could.
Kodak engineered BIMAT Transfer Film and the spacevehicle photographic camera subassembly. In orbit, positive
and negative images were produced simultaneously. The
sharp, clear negative image (easily made permanent if thecapsule had been programmed to return to earth) was
scanned effectively by an electronic device and the image
relayed to earth. A fast, simple, dependable system. Qualities you expect from Kodak, now applied to the advancing
sciences.
You may not need ability to scan the moon's surface.
But if your needs include data collection where the locationis remote, when conventional processing is impractical, andplayback of sequential information is needed immediately,
Electronics ,March 17, 1969

you might do very well with KODAK BIMAT Transfer Film.
To learn more about how the new KODAK BIMAT Transfer
Film can serve you, or to learn if some other problem you
face might respond to aKodak solution, use this coupon.
-8
Department 412L

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY, Rochester, N.Y. 14650
Please send me information on KODAK BIMAT Transfer Filmand liquid-free, rapid-access processing.

Name
Position
Company
Address
City
State
3-48

159

Bendix Autosyn Synchros.
Can you afford to buy less?
Not if you need the kind of performance and reliability you get from
Bendix® Autosyn® Synchros.
And you have awealth of types tochoose from. Ultrahigh-temperaturesynchros that perform accurately atsustained temperatures up to 800°F.
Ultracompact (size 08), lightweight(1.3-oz.) synchros for critically tightdesigns. Ultraprecise synchros withtolerances to 50 millionths of an inch.
Dependable corrosion- and radiation-

resistant synchros. And there's acomplete line of Bendix Mil-Spec
synchros, too.
AUTOSYNSYNCHROS

Size

Max.
Diameter(In.)

Typica I
Weight
(Oz.)

No.
of
Models

08
10
11
15
22

0.750
0.937
1.062
1.437
2.161

1.3
1.7
3.2
4.7

16
25
29
24

18

5

wo
Bend ix

160

Circle 160 on reader service card

Altogether there are hundreds oftypes—your largest single source.
What's more, our synchro design service can promptly solve your special
problems. You can depend on it. As
they do at GE, Sperry, RCA, Lear
Siegler, Motorola and many othervalue-conscious firms. Ask for ourcatalog today. Write: The Bendix
Corporation, Flight & Engine Instrument Division, Montrose, Pa. Or
phone: (717) 278-1161.

Aerospace
Products
Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

New instruments

Source delivers acouple of extra waves
Function generator with frequency range from 0.0005 hz to 5 Mhz
puts out pulses and ramps in addition to sine, square, triangular shapes"More shapes and more speeds—
these are what we need out of any
new function generator," says Ray
Hanson, an engineer at HewlettPackard Co.'s Loveland division.
Hanson aimed at these twin targets
when he was designing H-P's latest
function generator, and it appears
that he hit them both with the
3310A.
The new generator puts out

pulses and ramps, besides delivering the traditional sine, square, andtriangular waves. And the unit's
range is 0.0005 hertz to 5 megahertz compared with 0.01 hz to 100
kilohertz for H-P's older 3300A.
And at $575, the 3310A is $75
cheaper than the 3300A.
The 3310A will be used in tests
where function generators havelong played apart. Sine and squarewaves are needed to test thesteady-state and transient responses of linear devices ranging
from servo systems to high-frequency amplifiers. And triangularwaves are needed when an engineer measures things like an amplifier slew rate and when he tests
circuits that are triggered by aspecific rate of change.
With ramp outputs, an engineer•

Laboratory standard r-f peakwattmeter 4345 is for pulsed
transmission systems. It samples
forward or reflected power in an
accurately machined 50-ohm reference line section. Full scale
power is selected in five values
from 250 w to 5 kw. Frequency
range is 950-1,300 Mhz. Insertion vswr with connectors is lessthan 1.08. Bird Electronic Corp.,
Aurora Rd., Cleveland. [361]Audio-video phase measurementswith an active RC filter for increased response time are provided in the model 351 differential phase meter. The balanced or
unbalanced inputs permit phasemeasurementsontransmission
lines, lattice filters, etc. without
additional circuitry. Input sensitivity is 1 my per channel. Wiltron Co., 930
East Meadow
Drive, Palo Alto, Calif. [362]Time division multiplier 2885 converts d-c to 2 khz watts input to±0.02% linear d-c output. Frequency influence is less than
0.1% up to 10 khz. A circuit
interchange enables use fromunity down to zero power factor
with less than 0.02% degradation. Standard input range is 150
v, 5 amps for a 1 y output. Hallmark Standards Inc., 145 Library
Lane, Mamaroneck, N. Y. [363]Power line sentinel voltmetermodel 658-R offers an expanded
scale meter movement reading
100/140 v, jeweled bearing moving coil D'Arsonval type with fullwave bridge rectifier haying wide
operating frequency range. Accuracy from 110/125 y is ±2%,
below 110 and above 120 a-c
volts, ±- 3% accuracy. Hoyt Electrical Instrument Works Inc.,
Cambridge, Mass. [364]Microwattmeter model 41A covers
a range of 200 khz to 12.4 Ghz.
It features a single power headmeasuring down to —60 dbm withdynamic range of 70 db. The system requires no zeroing, except
for fractional microwatt measurements, and has an over-all accuracy of ±-0.5 db. The power headoffers overload protection to 300
mw c-w.
BoontonElectronics
Corp., Parsippany, N. J. [367]Infrared thermometer called ThermoProbe T-1000 can spot check,monitor, and record 'temperatureof circuit board components without contact. It measures temperature in 4 switch-selectable ranges
from 20 ° to 500 °C, with emissivity
compensation from 0.2 to 1 on all
ranges to provide accurate readings of avariety of surfaces. Raytek Inc., 1277 Terra Bella Ave.,
Mtn. View, Calif. [368]it>--......
6 le

Module oscilloscope model 90975
uses a 3/4-in, cathode-ray tube.
Over-all dimensions of the scopeare 11/4 in. wide by 2
3/
4 in. highby 31/z in. deep behind the panel.
It is designed to be built into
equipment as a qualitative monitor. Price is $40, less the National Union type 1DP1 cathoderay tube. James Millen Mfg. Co.,
150 Exchange St., Malden, Mass.
02148. [365]Electronics

March 17, 1969-

Model PM6509 meter performs
leakage current, breakdown voltage and resistance measurement inpico and nanoamp regions without auxiliary equipment. Current
measurements down to 3 pa,
breakdown voltage up to 1,000 I/
and resistance measurements up to
100 teraohms are accurately performed. Price is $1,100. Philips
Electronic
Instruments,
Mount
Vernon, N. Y. [366]161You're about the only guy whoneeds abi-dimensional fram, right?
We're about the only people who cantell you where to find one.
It's happened again. Somebody's managed to
specify apart or sub-assembly that closely resembles your wildest nightmare. Oh, it works
all right, but who makes 'em?
Enter, the Northern Plains Industrial Catalog.
A computer crammed with facts and figureson nightmares just like yours. In fact theodds are darned good the Catalog has

a complete run-down on where to find yourbi-dimensional fram.
Only one way to find out. And it won't cost youa penny. Just fill out and mail the coupon.
Northern will put its high-speed computer on
the problem and, in a few seconds,
come up with the answer. If there
is an answer.

Ni

INDUSTRIAL CATALOG
Area Development Dept.,
Northern Natural Gas Co.
2223 Dodge Street
Omaha, Nebr. 68102
Dear Sirs: Please send Sources of Supply
information on:

E 369

Northern
Natural Gas
Company
Home Office: Omaha, Nebraska

E Drawing enclosed.
NAME

TITLE

COMPANYADDRESS
CITY

162

Circle 162 on reader service card

STATE

ZIP

Electronics

March 17, 1969

esee
"
CID

ce eSSIe6

SURROUNDYOURSELF
WITH PROFITIN CARLSBAD

can do more types of rate-change
measurements.
And
with
the
3310A's pulses, he can test logic
circuits.
The generator's output frequency
is controlled with either the frontpanel dial or an external source. A
0-to-10-volt change will sweep the
3310A over its full frequency range.
The pulse width can be between
15% and 85% of the period; andthe width of the baseline-to-peak
portion of the ramp is adjustablebetween the same percentages.
The 3310A will put 30 volts peakto-peak across an open circuit, and15 volts peak-to-peak across 50
ohms. Up to 3Mhz, apulse's peakto-peak value can be 24 volts.
For an open circuit, the 3310A's
output can be offset by as much as-±-10 volts. When the load is 50
ohms, maximum offset is ±-5 volts.
Depending on the range setting,think
digitalMS-4000-B
3.85*

N
14

I'

Put Yourself In A Position To
Profit ...In Carlsbad
Put Yourself On The Scientific
Frontier... In Carlsbad
Put Yourself Where Your Work
Force Is ...In Carlsbad
Profitable Position: True
manufacturing advantages
because reduced operatinglevels in potash mining create opportunities to tap
Carlsbad's reservoir of important skills. Several thousand persons, readily trainable, are available to thework force. Right! You'resurrounded with profit
potential when you're inCarlsbad.

zr:Profitable Position: Carlsbad's work force is competent, capable — serious
about making things go.
Technical and vocational
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Profitable Position: LTV's
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Second -morning delivery,
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Profitable Position: A fullservice industrial park, withroads, streets, all utilities—
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etc.
Get the Facts Éj Quickly
and Confidentially From:
George Evans, Director
Carlsbad Dept. of Development
Box 1090, Carlsbad, N.M. 88220

Circle 213 on reader service card

Swept along. The output frequency
goes from bottom to top when thecontrol voltage moves from 0 to 10v.

sine-wave distortion is between 30
and 46 decibels. The rise and thefall time of square waves andpulses is 30 nanoseconds. And forranges under 50 khz, triangularwave and ramp linearity is 1%.
Old ways ... The basic generating scheme is similar to that usedin the 3300A. A current source
feeds an integrator whose output
is a linear, positive-going wave.
When the wave reaches 5 volts,
adetector flips amultivibrator, reversing the polarity of the integrator input current. The integrator's
output is now a linear, negativegoing wave. When it reaches —5
volts, the detector flips the multivibrator, reversing polarity andending one cycle. Output frequency
is afunction of the integrator current—increase the current and thefrequency increases.
The square wave is taken fromMS SERIES
4.97*

RK SERIES
4.97*

Think ELFIN — the new single plansegmented neon readout indicator th
provides brighter displays and wid
viewing. Only 0.41" dia. ELFIN" diplays 0-9, ± and —, some alpha sybols and decimal.
MS-4000-B miniature encased reado
with the flat single-plane viewing, us
100,000 hr. #683 T-1 subminiature icandescent lamps. Plug-in feature epedites replacement.
ALCO's RK numeric and symbol rea
outs have a unique in-line design to pr
vide clear displays without focusi
problems. The precision machinedpiece aluminum case also serves asheat sink.
The MS Mosaic numeric segment
indicators are available in 2 sizes ause either 6, 14 or 24V lamps for flex
bility in design.
*1000 Lot prices

ALM

ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS, INC.
Lawrence, Massachusetts 01843
Circle 163 on reader service card

Allen-Bradley cuts space requirementswith new sealed type Z cermet trimmers

Type Z
2 -watt/1

trimmershown 5 times actual size

this latest addition to the Allen-Bradley line of cermet trimmers...thetype Z... affords high performance in an especially compact package
The cermet material—an exclusive formulation developed byAllen-Bradley—provides superior load life, operating life, and electricalperformance. For example, the full load operation (AI watt) for 1000
hours, at 70°C produces less than 3% total resistance change. And thetemperature coefficient is less than ±250 PPM/ °C for all resistancevalues and throughout the complete temperature range (—55 °C to+125°C).
The Type Z is ruggedly constructed to withstand shock and vibration.
The unique rotor design ensures smooth adjustment and complete
stability under severe environments. The leads are permanently anchoreg and bonded. The connection exceeds the lead strength —opens
cannot occur. Leads are weldable.
The enclosure is SEALED. It is both dust-tight as well as watertight,
and can be potted. Mounting pads prevent moisture migration andalso post-solder washout. For full specifications on this new spacesaving
cermet trimmer, please write Henry G. Rosenkranz, Allen-Bradley Co.,1344 S. Second St., Milwaukee, Wis. 53204. In Canada: Allen-Bradley
Canada Ltd. Export Office: 630 Third Ave., New York, N.Y., U.S.A. 10017.

f

I/4"

•

SPECIFICATIONS SUMMARY
Adjustment: Horizontal or vertical.
Temperature Range: —55°C to +125°C.
Resistances: 50 ohms through 1 megohm.
Lower resistances available.
Tolerances: ±20% standard, ±10% available.
Resolution: Essentially infinite.
Rotational Life: Less than 2% total resistancechange after 200 cycles.
Rotation: 300° single turn.
End Resistance: Less than 3 ohms.

ALLEN -BRA fl1 IV
QUALITY

Circle 164 on reader service card

ELECTRONICCOMPONENTSECCOSORIr

AN ECHOIC CHAMBERS
NEW DESIGN 7

Illustrated
folder gives
detailsonanechoic and shielding performance ofseveral new chambers used for antenna pattern, radar cross section,
VSWR and RF compatibility measurements.
Circle 307 on reader service card

DIELECTRIC
MATERIALS CHARTS

4i;..ce.gg_111.11.1100 I
.
... .
....

ita

Charts in full color contain dataon all important materials usedby electrical and electronic engineers.
Circle 308 on reader service card

ECCO REFLECTOR®
RADAR TARGET

the output of the multivibrator, andthe sine wave is synthesized fromthe triangle by asine shaper.
...and new. For the symmetrical functions, the currents into andout of the integrator are equal. The
3310A has a resistor network that
introduces dissymmetry. During
pulse and ramp operation, the current going into the integrator
doesn't equal the current coming
out, and the ratio of the currents
is proportional to the ratio of theslopes of the two sides of the ramp
or to the pulse's duty cycle.
One way H-P engineers extended
the 3310A's ranges was to put a
feedback loop around the integrator. At low frequencies, the loop
keeps the currents at reasonablelevels, improving symmetry andstability. On the low frequency
ranges, when the voltage controlling the current source decreases,
the source's output stays the same.
But the integrator gets less current
because the loop draws some ofthe source's output.
Another way H-P engineers widened the range was by improving
high-frequency linearity with apeak detector that compensates fordelays in the basic generating loon.
Without this detector, the amplitude of the output increases as thefrequency increases. The peak detector changes the delay time when
the amplitude tries to increase.
Hewlett-Packard Co., 815 FourteenthSt., S.W., Loveland, Colo. [369]

New instruments

Two more dpm's
sign up for IEEENEW FOLDER
Based on the Luneberg Lens, theEcco Reflector is a wide-angle, constant cross section radar reflective
device. Four-page folder in color
describes monostatic, bistatic, omniazimuthal and omni-directional types.

Weston's three-digit meteris only 7square inches;
newcomer keeps price down

Circle 309 on reader service card

Emerson & Coming, Inc.
CANTON, MASS.
GARDENA, CALIF.
NORTHBROOK, ILL.
Sales Offices
in Principal Cities

EMERSON & COMING EUROPE N.Y., Oevel, lelglum
Electronics

March 17, 1969

A vet and arookie will be among
the companies bringing new digitalpanel meters to the IEEE Show.
Weston Instruments Inc., an old
hand in the panel meter business,
will show its DPM 1290—a meter
whose main feature is size; it takes

brite
gld

BNE SERBNF SERI

\‘`
MINI
NEON
PILOTS

BND SERI

Modern design series has a 1-pi
body ideal for display configuratio
BNE SERIES features a compact I
system protruding slightly above t
panel: BNF SERIES' lens systemtends more for greater illuminati
BND SERIES' pilot assembly protru
beyond panel to provide maximum Ii
intensity. All units have one-nut mou
ing, and are available with or withbuilt-in series resistors.

L. to R.
Short leads. 10" lead
metal base & 10" lea

T-1 Vs NEON LAMPS?Ct

An unusual ring-electrode construction glows on the entire surface for maximum brightness.
The unobstructed glass allows
the illuminated elements to beplaced close to the top where it
may be viewed to advantage.
For 75V to 95V operation.
PANEL INDICATORSA new advent to ultraminiaturization is this
ALCO Series that mounts
in a 3/16" hole. Available only in the mostpopular 5 volt 60 ma.
rating having an exceptionally high 100,000-hr.
lamp life. The sealed
high temperature plastic
assembly contains astandard #680 or #683
T-1 lamp. Choose froma variety of colors. Supplied either with longwire leads (Type ME 680L), with pin contacts(Type ME-680).

RL

ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS, INC
Lawrence, Massachusetts 01843
Circle 165 on reader service card

LLT
1•4•G -ryEs< „,'spoi». 7
C •r

Co tePA Pt
iAfdeur: 1

ANGING IN ERFACEAn IC/Systems Seminar
MARCH 28, 1969,

PARK SHERATON HOTEL, NEW YORK, 9:00 AM-5:00 PM
Presented by the Electronics/ Management Center

ProgramImplications Of LSI On The Electronics Market: Glenn E.
Penisten, Vice President, Components Group, Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas.
The Rationale For An In-House IC Capability: Alvin B. Phillips, Assistant to the President, Autonetics Division, North
American Rockwell Corp., Anaheim, Calif.
The Component Maker's Responsibility In The System/
Component Interface: Robert M. Walker, Supervising Engineer, Array Systems Engineering, Fairchild Semiconductor,
Mountain View, Calif.
The System Builder's Responsibility In The System/Component Interface: Richard Stokes, Manager of Planning, Electronic Systems Organization, Burroughs Corp., Paoli, Pa.
The Mask And Computer-Aided Design As Interface: Wally
Raisanen, Operations Manager for MOS and IC Memories,
Motorola Semiconductor Products, Phoenix, Ariz.
The Testing Interface: William Dunn, Engineer-in-charge,
Custom LSI, Sylvania Semiconductor Div., Woburn, Mass.
The Integrated Circuit Design Interface In Bell Laboratories: James M. Early, Director, Semiconductor Device
Laboratory, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Allentown, Pa.
How IBM Deals With The Interface Problem: Paul Low,
Manager of Logic Products, IBM, East Fishkill Facility, Hopewell Junction, N.Y.
Controversies And Future Trends In LSI: Donald Farina,
President, ICST, Inc., Sunnyvale, Calif.

Panel Discussion
Moderator: Orville Baker, Vice President, Signetics Inc.,
Sunnyvale, Calif. Speakers and invited guests will join in an
open forum discussion of interface problems, and will answer questions submitted from the audience.

ADVANCE REGIST1RATION"The Changing Interface"— March 28, 1969 — Park Sheraton
Hotel, 7th Avenue &56th Street, New York, N.Y.

NAME
TITLE
COMPANYADDRESS
CITY

STATE

ZONE

Registration Fee: $65 (Fee includes all sessions, refreshments,
luncheon, and acopy of the proceedings when published.)
Note: Attendance will be limited and applications will be handled onafirst-come, first-served basis.
Mail registration and make checks payable to: Electronics/Management Center, An Information Service of McGraw-Hill, Inc., 330 West42nd Street, New York, New York 10036

flyingde*7 square inches of panel area.
And Datascan Inc., till recently
a custom-made-instrument house,
will also be talking about small size
when it shows its first off-the-shelfdpm, the 500; except what's small
here is the price tag. Datascan saysthat in 100-unit lots the meter will
cost less than $175.
The Weston meter costs $200 in
100-piece lots. Besides taking up
little space, the 1290-is also easy
to repair. The chassis can be pulled
out of the mounting case, and its
three read-out tubes are socketmounted rather than soldered tothe chassis.
The meter has 100% overrang-r

seintillatiodr
cowl

small
power

"SNAP-ON" BUTTLONG BUTTThe new range of EMI photomultipliers with
"SUPER" S-11 photocathodes will enhance yourproject performance. High quantum efficiency,(23/24%) high gain at relatively low overall
voltage, and low dark current at the rated overall sensitivity are typical of these types. They
maintain the EMI standard of excellent gainstability and linearity. The narrow spread incharacteristics makes these types ideal for systems or for multiple installations. The tablebelow gives the typical values for the significant parameters.
Volts/Overall

Anode Dark
Current
Nanoamps

50

1150

2
5
25

Dia.

Type
No.

Amps/
Lumen

2"

9656R

3"

9708R

50

1250

3.5"

9531R

200

1300

4"

9732R

50

1250

10

50

1350

15

5"

9709R

Note that the anode dark current is given for theoverall voltage at the specified overall sensitivity.
The maximum overall sensitivity is 10 times thevalues given above. Each Tube is individually calibrated and data is supplied with the tube.

Send for our new 64 page catalog giving data
and technical information on the complete rangeof EMI photomultipliers.

\\nt' InittatIKEbr
CORPORATIONGENCC1M

DIVISION

80 Express St., Plainview, L.I., N.Y.
518.433-5900

For the panel. Datascan's first digitalpanel meter has 100% overranging
and a BCD output.
Aaring, and its accuracy is 0.1% :4_- onedigit. It weighs 11
2 pounds and has/a binary-coded-decimal output.
The 500 also has aBCD output,
a three-digit display plus 100%overranging, and an accuracy of
0.1% -± one digit.
A Datascan spokesman says thatthe company got alot of experiencebuilding digital voltmeters to customers' specifications, and thisexperience, particularly with integrated circuits, is the reason thecompany has been able to keep themeter's price down.
Ranges of the Datascan 500 are
100 millivolts to 100 volts, and 1
microamp to 100 milliamps. From
0°C to 60°C, the stability is 0.01%
per degree centigrade.
The 500 is 2.7 inches high and5 inches wide, and draws 5watts.
Datascan Inc., 111 1 Paulison
Clifton, N.J. 07013 [370]Ave.,

Weston Instruments., Inc., 614 Frelinghuysen Ave., Newark, N.J. 07114 [371]

MUSHROOM HEALCO Power Switches combine copact size, modern appearance, and fun
tional flexibility to meet today's contrneeds, and mount in a 1" hole.
New, snap-on push buttons simpli
selection of colors, shapes and legend
These versatile switches allow "aon" contact sections for maximum fie
bility in switching.
Manufactured from approved materia
for stringent requirements.
Rated
amps e 230 VAC to handle most pow
applications.
The low cost of these space-savi
power devices will surprise you!

ALM

ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS, INC.
Lawrence, Massachusetts 01843

Circle 214 on reader service card

Circle 167 on reader service card—›-AND THE

Zede/W.2,9
POTENTIOMETERONLY 0.25" Dia. X 0.18" high
15OPPMPC over entire resistance range 10St to 1Meg.

Bourns presents the first commercial single turn potentiometer to meet or exceed therequirements of MIL-R-22097. Sealed for wave soldering and immersion cleaning ... withcttability superior to anything on the market today. Manufactured in the tradition of excellence
fdesign and workmanship you have come to expect from Boums ... the leader in the industry.
Write or call the factory, local field office or representative today for technical data.

BOURNS, INC.,

TRIMPOT PRODUCTS DIVISION • 1200

COLUMBIA

AVE.,

RIVERSIDE,CALIF.

92507

New subassemblies

Redesigned converter thinned, price trimmed
Switching circuitry in d-a module uses hot-carrier diodes for speed;
thin-film devices for resistor network provide improved tracking
What does afirm do when it wants
to sell digital-to-analog converters
and finds that potential customers
would rather build than buy them?
If the firm is the Pastoriza divisionof Analog Devices Inc., it spots thepart of the converter that gives
builders the most trouble, thenbuilds and sells that, thus taking
advantage of the customer's do-ityourself attitude.

Laser system PRQ-1, using either
ruby or neodymium glass rods,
has a peak power output of 300
Mw. It is capable of 10 to 15
nanosecond
andsubnanosecond
Q-switching; has an energy output
of 1.8 to 3 joules with a pulse
rate of 1to 2 or up to 120 pulses/min. It has a 2 to 3 milliradian beam divergence with max.
output beam uniformity. RaytheonCo., Waltham, Mass. (3811

The module that the firm designed to fit this market vacancy
is called Minidac and it contains
devices in the three problem areas:switches, resistor networks, andavoltage reference.
According to the company's technical director, James J. Pastoriza,
Minidac carries with it some of theop amp's universality. In addition
to a basic d-a conversion applica-tion, the Minidac is expected tosell into subsystems designed forcomputerdisplays,
high-speed
graphics generators, character sensing devices, flying spot scanners,
and test equipment.
Pastoriza points out that Minidac also forms the core of an ultrahigh-speed digitally programablepower supply. Therefore it could
find its way into high-speed inte-

Advanced Nd:YAG laser model
610 is for use where ahigh power,
c-w, 1.06 micrometer source isrequired. External mirrors and acontinuously adjustable output arefeatured. Unit emits more than 1
w of power in the TEM. modeand over 5 w in multitransverse
mode operation. Optical length ofthe laser cavity is 38 cm. Sylvania
Electronic Systems,
Box 188,
Mountain View, Calif. [382]

Diode laser transceiver TR-1 consists of a diode laser array, laser
modulator, transmitting optics toyield a 12 milliradian beam divergence; the receiver contains collecting optics, a narrow-passband
filter, aperture stop to determine
acceptance angle, photo diode andpower supply as well as preamplifier. Seed Electronics Corp.,
9 Cypress Dr., Burlington, Mass.
[383]

General-purpose
agc
amplifiermodel MN-120AG is an audio andinstrumentation unit with a wide
automatic gain control range capable of recovering very low signal
levels. It produces a 0.5-v rms
output into a 600-ohm load from
inputs of 25 uy to 25 my within
0.5 db accuracy. Agc range is 60
db. Voltage gain is 26 to 86 db.
Roveti InStruments, Annapolis, Md.
21401. [384]Solid state variable filter model
3550 is tunable over the range of
2 hz to 200 khz and provides lowpass, high-pass, band-pass, andband-reject operation. Mode ofoperation is easily selected by afront panel switch. An input FET
amplifier provides high input impedance and zero db insertion loss.
Price is $525. Krohn-Hite Corp.,
580 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Mass. [386]Inverter model 6-115, designed for
excitation of electroluminescent
panels, is used whenever 6 y battery sources are available and provides a 115 y rms output. Model
12-115 operates from a 12 y d-csource. Units measure 23/s x 11/2
x 1 in. Printed-circuit board pins,
leads or terminals can be furnished. Price (1-4 pieces) is $24
each. Polyphase Instrument Co.,
Bridgeport, Pa. [387]Power supply model PD-15 is a±-15 y unit designed for operational amplifiers and IC's. It is an
isolated supply and operates from28±4 y d-c source. Line regulation for a •±4 y change is better
than ±0.5%. Output ripple is lessthan 0.3% and the unit will operate from —20° to +71°C (casetemperature)
without derating.
Mil Associates, Dracut Road, Hudson, N. H. 03051. [388]al - ••• uple • ,
Semiregulated
single-to-threephasestaticconverter
calledPhasac P-2410 produces 1,000 vaof three-phase power regulated to
5%. It provides labs and test
facilities with this power at afraction of the cost of installing
new wiring. Any standard 115 ya-c, 60 hz outlet is adequate for
operation. Price is $345. Wanlass
Instruments, 1540 E. Edinger
Ave., Santa Ana, Calif. [385]-4— Circle 168 on reader service card

169

actual size

NEW Series 270...time to goD/G.T4Ec
with the smallest, low cost, all solid state digital panel meter•Size: 21/16" x41/2" x77/8"•100 eV/digit resolution•Accuracy 0.1%

• Fast sample rate

• D.C. Ranges from 200MV and 20 pA•Completely self-contained• Non-blinking display• Reading retention•High Input Z 100M9•B.C.D. option

QTY. 100

See us at booth 2K21-22 IEEE Show
Stocking Representatives
Throughout the World

918 Woodley Road •Dayton, Ohio 45403 •(513) 254-6251

Circle 218 on reader service cardf

In aword 12SE means

CAPABILITY.Capability in products for airborne, ground support, oceanographic, and commercial-industrial applications. Only Dynamic System Electronics (DSE)
offers complete systems capability in the Low/HighLevel data acquisition and conversion field. DSE's
capabilities in• Data Acquisition
I Data Conversion

IM Data Recording Systems
II Computer Interfaced Systems

are amatter of record. Call your local DSE representative or visit us at the Essex House during the IEEE
Show to update yourself on DSE's products andcapabilities in the Computer Peripheral and Data
Conversion fields.
NEW MODEL 460 Airborne System

This compact, new-generation equipment Series offers
flexibility and expandability using solid-state, highreliability, ultra-low power logic. The units meet MILE-5400H and, like the 440 Series, are becoming widely
accepted by the Aerospace industry.

D YNAMIC
1040 West Alameda Drive
Tempe, Arizona 85281
S YSTEM
Phone (602) 967-8644
TWX 910-950-1941
E LECTRONICS
170

Circle 170 on reader service card

Every year, ELECTRONICS attracts requests
for over 125,000 editorial reprints.
They're like interest payments on our
million-dollars-a-year editorial principles.
That's how much we spend annually to
produce timely, authentic, and useful articles like those listed on the reader service
card as reprints currently available.
Investment and interest make both
ELECTRONICS and its readers more meaningful to its advertisers.

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

... pin spacing suitablefor DIP sockets...
grated-circuit testers. In fact, IBMalready uses about 50 specially designed Minidacs in what Pastoriza
calls "an incredibly fast and thorough automatic testing system."
The original Minidac was introduced early last year, but its price
was high—about $250—and sales
were low—only about 300 to 500
during 1968. Now Pastoriza is taking advantage of Analog Devices'
sales force to increase volume, andits lower overhead to cut parts andassembly costs. As a result, the
new Minidac will be priced as low
as $130 in quantity.
More suitable. Also, Pastoriza
has taken some data from Analog's
applications engineers and rebuilt
the Minidac to suit it to more applications and thus further increase
volume. The result is Minidac II,
a2- by 2- by 0.4-inch module withpin spacing compatible with dualin-line package sockets. The old
Minidac was 1.5 by 0.75 by 0.75
inches and required special circuitboard connections. Thus, it was
shut out of large numbers of applications because it was too thickor too difficult to connect.
But within the package, other
differences exist between Minidac
Iand II. While the 12-bit conversion time of 200 nanoseconds has
been retained, some of the switching circuitry has been altered totake advantage of hot-carrier diodeswitches, which improve speed.
In addition, the resistor network,
formerly composed of discrete components, is being redesigned to usesome form of thin-film devices,though the type hasn't been decided yet. Not only will this makethe resistances track each otherwith temperature more closely thanis possible with discrete components, but also costs will drop.
Op amp loop. Finally, the voltage
reference has been made more stable by replacing a zener schemewith a combination of dual zenerdiode regulation and an operational-amplifier feedback loop.
According to Pastoriza, "This is
no more costly than the priorscheme; today a 709-type op amp
costs less in quantity than a good
zener. Also, the addition of the
feedback loop has halved Minidac's
Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

IT'S HERE! The one supply to fill all yourAC POWER REQUIREMENTS

Need a precision 250 VA single phase supply?
HERE IT IS!
Requirements change to 500 VA single phase or two phase?
ADD A SECOND UNIT!
A three phase job coming up?
ADD A THIRD UNIT!
••SERIES 250S
SOLID STATE AC POWER SUPPLIESThe built-in facility for interconnecting Series 250S units to provide single phase, two phase or three phase output power, plus
the numerous full power output voltage ranges and wide variety
of fixed frequency, variable frequency, single phase and polyphase plug-in oscillators make this the most versatile AC supply
around. Compare its specifications. Write for catalog *1068.

irCO

PRICE
$ 59 500(less plug-in
oscillator)

INDUSTRIAL TEST EQUIPMENT CO., Inc.
20 BEECHWOOD AVE. •PORT WASHINGTON, N.Y. 11050
Phone: (516) PO 75253
See it at IEEE Show Booth 2D33
Circle 215 on reader service card

Electrical convenience for electronic equipment
Whether you make, use or test
electronic equipment, the power
you need can be delivered neatly
in a Wiremold® surface wiring
system. All necessary electricalservices and devices are housed
in a single raceway, properly
sized for present and futureneeds. Send for literature on theentire line of Wiremold systems.

e
WWIllaW010)
THE WIREMOLD COMPANY / HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT 06110
Circle 171 on reader service card171

175 amp, 235 amp, 470 amp
Regenerative Gate* SCRs
Regenerative Gate SCRs operate with lower switching losses
and higher continuous di/dt than any other SCR. Low powergate drive. No sacrifice required in any other characteristic.

Continuous Rating at 60 Pulses Per Second, 90°C**
rms Current Rating

Pulse Width

Peak On-State Current

235 amp

100 /./. sec.

3300 amps

470 amp

150

6000 amps

sec.

**Verified by long-term life test.
Also available in 55 amp and 110 amp. Request Bulletin.

NATIONAL

ELECTRONICS, INC.

*A National® exclusive.
Patent Pending.

a varian subsidiary

temperature drift spec to -±-10
parts per million, and improved
regulation in general, placing itwell below 0.1%."
For hypercritical users, however,
Pastoriza has added pins for theattachmenf of trimmers to compensate for component aging and of an
external voltage reference. A final
trimmer, built into the module, allows the user to precisely set theswitching thresholds of Minidac's
transistors to get the best performance whether the module is usedwith DTL, RTL, or TTL logic. This
threshold optimization helps prevent short-duration transients fromdegrading Minidic's output accuracy.
Minidac II will be available insample lots by mid-April, and afour- to six-week delivery schedule
is expected thereafter. Prices range
from asingle unit price of $200 for
a 12:bit Minidac to $130 for an
8-bit Minidac in 25 to 99 quantities.
Pastoriza Division, Analog Devices Inc.,
385 Elliot St., Newton Upper Falls,
Mass.. [389]

GENEVA, ILLINOIS 60134
PHONE (312) 232-4300
Circle 216 on reader service card

WHERE THE
PROFIT ACTIONIS!

Pot stays steadyin changing clime
Film-metal trimmer has low
temperature coefficient
up to 20 kilohms

Phoenix continues to set the pace inthe accelerating westward tilt that ischanging the face of America. Our
population explosion and vigorous
economy are creating rich new markets locally, and in afast-growing
8-state region served by Phoenix. You
should have a plant or warehousehere to get your share of this dynamic
action and profits.
For our FREE 28-page brochure,"DYNAMIC PHOENIX," write Stanton
Allen, Manager, Economic Development Dept., Room E-35, Chamber ofCommerce, Phoenix, A izona 85004

When circuit designers need atrim-

ZIPPERTUBINGR R.F.I.
SHIELDING JACKETING
for quick application and protectionof multi conductor cables!
SHN 3for R.F.I. shielding and protection. Tinned
copper braid, attached to inside overlap provides
gasket type seal and solderable termination point.
SHX 4 — of special knitted compounded wirefor highly flexible R.F.I. shielding.
CPE conductive polyethylene for electrostatic
protection.
MS provides low frequency magnetic shielding.

For full information on specialized,
high-performance jacketing, contact

CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS
13000 S. BROADWAYLOS ANGELES, CALIF. 90061
Los Angeles Phone: (213) 321.3901
New Jersey Phone: (201) 256.4980

PROFIT CENTER OF THE SOUTHWEST
172

Circle 172 on reader service card

New subassemblies

BALTIMORE • BOSTON • CHICAGO • DALLAS • NEW YORKORLANDO • PHOENIX • SAN FRANCISCO • WEST GERMANY

Circle 217 on reader service card

ming potentiometer, they usually
think immediately of the wirewound or the cermet type. But a
third type, made of thin film andmetal, offers unique features, says
the Amphenol Controls division of
Bunker Ramo Corp. So Amphenol
decided to add Film-Met to its line.
John Arnold, the division president, says Film-Met trimmers"have infinite resolution; low temperature coefficient of resistancecompared to wirewound, and low
distributed inductance and capacitance compared to cermet. And because of their homogeneous alloy
characteristic, they have lower
thermal and current noise figures.
Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

here's a practical way
to avoid
technical obsolescence
Are irregular hours, travel and family
obligations keeping you from
attending classes—even though you
worry about becoming technicallyobsolescent ?Check into the Special
Programs in Electronics forEngineers developed by CR El, theHome Study Division of the
McGraw-Hill Book Company.
These are not simply courses,
but comprehensive programs inadvanced electronics offering major
electives in such fields as:

Communications Engineering,
Aeronautical and Navigational,
Television Engineering,
Automatic Control Engineering,
Missile and Spacecraft Guidance,
Radar and Sonar Engineering,
Nuclear Instrumentation andControl, Computers.
Industry-recognized CREI
Programs make it possible for you
to catch up on new developments
in electronics through study in yourown home, at your own pace,your own schedule. Free book gives
complete information and details oftechnical material covered. For yourcopy, mail coupon below or write:
CREI, Home Study Division,
McGraw-Hill Book Company,
Dept. I1856H, 3224 Sixteenth St.,
NW., Washington, D.C. 20010.
founded 1927

Aottedeted Mendel aline lononal Nome Study Sou.'CR El, Home Study Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company
Dept. 1856H, 3224 Sixteenth St., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20010
Send me free brochure describing CREl Programs in Electronics for Engineers.
NAME

u

AGE

ADDRESS
CITY

STATE

ZIP CODECOMPANYTITLEElectronics

March 17, 1969

Circle 173 on reader service card173

INTERFERENCE
PROBLEMS?

SPECTRUM CONTROL INC.
IS A NEW, PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING ORIENTEDCOMPANY DIRECTED TO ALL DISCIPLINESASSOCIATED WITH...

ELECTROMAGNETICCOMPATIBILITY•SPECTRUM CONTROL FINDS THE EMI PROBLEM..
•PROPOSES A PRACTICAL SOLUTION.
•CAN PROVIDE HARDWARE and EQUIPMENT to IMPLEMENT the SOLUTION

Visit Our Exhibit
at the...

IEEE SHOW—
Booth 3H12

SPECTRUM CONTROL INC.
152 E •MAIN ST •FAIRVIEW, PA •814/474-5593

Circle 174 on reader service card

COMMERCIAL FLIGHT CONTROLSAND AVIONICS ENGINEERS
Conceptual design and development offlight controls, flight instrumentation, automatic landing, navigation,
and advanced avionic systems.

Rapidly expanding commercial aircraft programs have createdexcellent openings, with growth potential, for engineers withrecent commercial avionic experience in design, development,
and test of all-weather landing systems, autopilots, flight directors, advanced displays, stability augmentation systems, inertial
navigation systems, or air-data computers.
Engineers interested in developing new designs for aircraft of
the 70's, not just repackaging today's shelf items, are invited towrite Mr. C. R. Alexander, Professional Placement Manager,
Dept. 1803, 3417 Empire Avenue, Burbank, California 91503.
Or call (213) 847-1328 collect. An equal opportunity employer.

LOCKHEED-CALIFORNIA COMPANY
A Division of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation

than cermets."
Translated to the Film-Met 3811,
this means an infinite resolution
over trimming ranges of 10 ohms
through 20 kilohms, atemperature
coefficient of 100 parts per million
per degree centigrade over arangeof —55°C to +125°C, and a contact resistance variation of 2% or
20 ohms, whichever is greater.
Key to the Film-Met 3811 is theresistance element developed byAmphenol.
Using atechnique similar to thatused for thin film integrated-circuit
resistors, a nickel-chromium-ironalloy is vacuum deposited upon theresistance track area of a ceramic
substrate. The composition of thealloy, however, is subject to wide
variations because Amphenol isalso making the 3811 available witha temperature coefficient of 50
parts per million per °C. Thus, thepercentage of nickel will range
from 20% to 65%, chromium from
15% to 25%, and iron from 5% to25%.
Because the alloy is subject tocorrosion and oxidation, it is coatedwith precious metal alloy. "We'reusing platinum, rhodium, and iridium," says Samuel A. Johnston,advanced product planning manager at Amphenol. "It is depositedat resistance densities of between
8,000 and 13,000 ohms per square,"he says.
The 3811's low contact resistancevariation and low noise characteristics make it suitable for both balancing circuits and low-level circuitry that are followed by highgain amplifiers. Because its performance characteristics stem fromits inherent low distributed capacitance and inductance, the Film-Met
can be used for applications wherephase shift and pulse distortion
must be minimized—such as in r-f
communications equipment, radar
gear, and high-speed data processing systems.
"Another application for FilmMet," says Arnold, "is at point oftransmission-line termination. Dueto its performance characteristics,
it can be used in impedance-matching circuits."
In lots of from one to nine, the3811 will be priced at $2.94, andin lots of 100 or more at $2.31.
Amphenol Controls Division, Bunker
Ramo Corp., 120 South Main St.,
Jamesville, Wis. 53545 [390]174Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

TRW is Ray Liccini
upgrading satellite communications

Ray is a Section Head in the Telecommunications Department of our Communications Laboratory. He recently
completed a project aimed at improving
voice and video communications with theApollo spacecraft. Now he is working
with phase-lock loop demodulation toenhance the quality of color TV reception from satellites under heavy noise
conditions.
Recalling other places he has worked,
Ray feels the opportunities are greaterat TRW, and the working conditions are
better but "independence is the significant difference."
If you are ready for this kind of professional opportunity and independence,
you belong at TRW.
SENIOR COMMUNICATIONSYSTEMS ENGINEERS
Several senior staff positions in overallsystems design involving satellites andground stations, utilizing HF and microwave links. Systems engineers experienced in very wide band analog, highrate digital, and distributed receiving andtransmitting systems. MS and 10 to 15
years experience.
COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMSENGINEERS
To perform conceptual design inadvanced communications systems, siz-ing communication equipment for avionics, ground, and space applications, andestimating communication link requirements. BS and 5 years experience.
MICROWAVE SOLID-STATEENGINEERS
Design of solid-state microwave components and subsystems. Apply computeraided design techniques to microwave'integrated circuits. BS or MSEE andminimum of 3 years experience.
CIRCUIT DESIGN ENGINEERS
To do R&D in microelectronics techniques, high power solid-state UHFtransmitters, centimeter and millimeterwave communication satellite repeaters,
wideband analog and digital receivers.
BSEE and 3 years experience.
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMSANALYSTS
Conduct studies in advanced communications employing detection theory,coding theory, modulation systems optimization, spread-spectrum techniques,interference reduction methods, coherent phase-locked demodulators, datacompression and optimal signal design.
MS or PhD. EE required.
DIGITAL SYSTEMS ANALYSTS
Analyze and design variety of digital

software systems, time sharing, realtime programming, simulations, logic
design, and engineering programming.
ANTENNA SYSTEMS ENGINEERS
Conceptual design and analysis ofadvanced systems with emphasis on
choice and optimization of approach andconfiguration. BSEE, 6 years experience.
SENIOR MECHANICAL ENGINEER
Mechanical design on R&D, prototype,
and production systems used on space,airborne, and ground based microwave
antennas and components, BSME and 5
to 15 years related experience.
CONTROL SYSTEMS ANALYSTS
Formulate control systems concepts,
perform preliminary design and analysisof spacecraft and booster attitude control systems, dynamic analysis and analog hybrid simulations. Advanced degree.

TRW

TRW Systems Group is a major operating unit of
TRW INC. where more than 75,000 people at over
250 locations around the world are applying advanced technology to electronics, space, defense,
autoinotive, aircraft, and selected commercial andindustrial markets.

TO APPLY: SUBMIT YOUR RESUME IN CONFIDENCE TO H. D. WONG, PROFESSIONAL PLACEMENT, RM. P2701-C, TRW
SYSTEMS GROUP, ONE SPACE PARK, REDONDO BEACH, CALIF. 90278. IF ATTENDING IEEE, CONTACT D. E. PAULSON,
TRW SUITE, AMERICANA HOTEL, NEW YORK FOR A LOCAL INTERVIEW. TRW IS AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER.
Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Circle 175 on reader service card

175

The Marconi 1066B Series of FM Signal Generators are now considered
standards of the industry for all RF and IF checks on FM equipment
including telemetry, communications, sensitivity, bandwidth, and limitingof receivers, FM transceivers, etc. Outstanding features of these instruments are:101368/1(6625-929-4277 )THE SIG GEN BOOK

• No sub-harmonics• Stepped and Continuously variable incremental tuning

This 28-page book presents detailed discussions on
signalgenerators
andreceivermeasurements including: source impedanceof feeder connected receivers, coupling toloop antennas, signal-to-noise ratio, automatic gain control, plotting response characteristics, measurement of adjacent channel suppression and spurious response, etc.

• Internal or external modulation• Output 0.2 i,V to 100 mV into 50 .
2
• FM on CW<100 Hz

10BEIES/6-Auoilizt,b& Upon/Pe-epee(6625-937-2801)• All the features of 1066B/1 plus ...
• Built-in crystal calibrator: 10 mc & 1mc• FM deviation: up to -±400 KHz• Modulation range: 30 Hz to 100 KHz• Modulator distortion< 5% 215 to 265 MHz; <10% elsewhere

MARCONI
III

CEDAR

LANE.

"SEE US AT IEEE—BOOTH #2D-02-08"
Circle 176 on reader service card

ENGLEWOOD.

TECHNICAL DATA SHEETSTechnical Data Sheets on the Model 1066B/1
and Model 1066B/6 Marconi FM Signal Generators detail all specifications, operation, applications, features and accessories available.

INSTRUMENTS
Division of English Electric Corporation

NEW JERSEY 07631• (201)567-0607

New microwave

Power oscillator tests equipment for rfi
Plug-in heads for checkout instrument cover 10 Mhz to 2.35 Ghz
in both continuous-wave and amplitude-modulated modes
Electromagnetic pollution, anothername for the old problem of radiofrequency interference, is particularly troublesome to the military
because of the quantity of equipment that the services use, much of
it in close proximity.
The susceptibility of this equipment to rfi must be tested underrules spelled out in Military Standards 461 and 826, and it is with

Solid state, high power r-f amplifier provides 100 w peak pulse
power or 75 w c-w in the frequency range from 200 to 500
Mhz. A variety of models is available to provide gain values from4 to 30 db. Power requirement is+28 y d-c, and input vswr is 2:1

this in mind that Microdot Inc. developed anew power oscillator.
According to Microdot, themodel 1927 is the only instrumenton the market that allows susceptibility testing to military standards
over the range from 10 megahertz
to 2.35 gigahertz at 50 watts andin both continuous-wave and amplitude-modulated modes. Competing items that cover most or all ofthat frequency range, and operate
both c-w and a-m, deliver only
about four watts, says J. Wayne
Matthews, Microdot sales manager.
The model 1927 rack will accept
six plug-in heads and the model
445 power supply can switch to
any of them. The basic rack costs$1,425, the power supply costs anadditional $2,000, and the heads
range in price from $1,375 to

maximum. Size of the 8 db modelis 3.5 x 3.75 x 1.5 in. Acrodyne
Industries Inc.,
666 DavisvilleRoad, Willow Grove, Pa. [401]Impatt-diode oscillator X935 is
for mechanically-tunable service inthe 8.2 to 12.4 Ghz band. Power
output is 100 mw c-w into termination with vswr less than 1.3:1.
The unit has a single power supply requirement of 75 y at 50 ma.
Size is 1.63 x 1.63 x 2 in. blockwith BNC bias receptacle. Priceis$395.
SomersetRadiation
Laboratory Inc., 2060 N. 14th St.,
Arlington, Va. [402]The wide d-c error-voltage swing
provided by models 243-T and 247
sweep-lock synchronizers offers apractical means for phase-locking
two microwave or r-f sweep oscillators 30 Mhz apart. Each synchronizer can deliver an errorvoltage excursion of up to 40 v,
enough to drive most sweep oscillators over their entire spectrum.
Sage Laboratories Inc., 3 Huron
Dr., Natick, Mass. [403]Stripline microwave power divider
works in a frequency range from
8 to 12 Ghz. It accepts up to
50 w c-w input and provides 8
outputs mutually isolated by atleast 10 db. Output signal phase isidentical within ±10 ° at all output ports. Insertion loss Is 9.5
db -b1db to any output port.
Input vswr is 1.5:1 max. Elpac
Inc., 18651 Von Karman Ave.,
Irvine, Calif. [404]Transistor power amplifier S230
functions as a transmitter in
microwave communications systems. When factory tuned to any
frequency between 1.85 and 2Ghz, a power output of 2 w canbe obtained at room temperature.
For field tunable applications a
power output of 1.6 w can be obtained over the 1.85 to 1.99 Ghz
range. RCA Electronic Components, Harrison, N. J. [405]S-band parametric amplifier isbuilt in hybrid microwave IC format on a single substrate. Principal components are a ferrite
junction circulator, input matching networks, a high cutoff frequency varactor diode, pump andidle frequency filtering and anavalanche diode oscillator pumpsource. Range is 2.2-2.3 Ghz.
American Electronic Laboratories
Inc., Colmar, Pa. [406]Three-stage Satcom receiver filter
model 40C146000 operates over afrequency range of 7.25 to 7.75
Ghz with an insertion loss of
0.60 db at center frequency. Itfeatures a minimum instantaneous
0.7 db bandwidth of 50 Mhz
over its tuning range, insertion
loss of 0.60 db at center frequency.
Frequency
Engineering
Laboratories,
P.O.
Box
527,
Farmingdale, N. J. 07727. [407]Permanent-magnet-focused, traveling-wave amplifiers offer 100 mw
power output in S band (WJ-477),
C band (WJ-476) and X band
(WJ-472).
The
sing le-reversal
units also have in common 13 db
maximum noise figure and 30 db
minimum small signal gain. Packaging is 3 x 3 x 10.5 in. andweight is 6.5 lbs. Watkins-Johnson Co., 5333
Hillview Ave.,
Palo Alto, Calif. [408]Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

177

ACTIVEFILTERS
PACKAGED FOR

PRINTED CIRCUIT
BOARD MOUNTING
Integral transistorized amplifier—network packages—Low, high, band pass and reject responses
at audio and sub-audio frequencies.for use over awide range of source and load impedances andpower supply voltages.
Ask for literature.
Write for quotations on individual problems.
Moderate prices, early deliveries.

\sDRe‘dÇ,
PHONE AREA 512

instruments, incorporated/ 892-0752

P. O. BOX 698

AUSTIN, TEXAS 78767

Circle 219 on reader service card

MINIATURE PCM ENCODER:
AIRBORNE
SEVEREENVIRONMENTeat 7de eo,d,t 0
Plieect &mete:4i,

HIGH
ACCURACY
HIGH SPEED

Model 1290

Phoenix Data's new airborne encoder
is a high-speed, high-accuracy analog
voltage-to-pulse code modulation device that operates at ambient temperatures from —50°C to +100°C. Model
1290 converts input voltages of fullscale amplitude of .±-5V into 12 binary
bits of digital data providing a datameasurement resolution of one bit in
4,095.
It measures the input voltage against
the internal precision reference voltage
source with an accuracy of ±-0.025%
of full range and holds an accuracy of
better than 0.05% of full range over
the temperature extremes.
It has a very high input impedance —1,000 megohms — fast settling of the
input amplifier plus high-speed encoding which allows
a commutating
through-put rate of 58,823 channels
per second at the maximum bit rate of
one bit per microsecond. Complete information upon request.

Our new production techniques and rapid service
saves you delay time and research cost.
We can produce single and small quantity orders
extremely economically. Our quality is unsurpassed,
and orders are usually processed within three days
from receipt of the order. Large quantity orders
receive the same fast service

HOW TO ORDER
Layout your circuit board to scale in exact
proportion to the size you desire. We canenlarge or reduce the copy to your specifications. Copy can be an ink drawing orlaid out with the new circuit tapes. NOTE:
The board we produce can only be as accurate as the copy we receive; so be sure
to double check Specify rigid or flexible
hoard
SEND FOR FREE SAMPLE ORQUOTATIONS TODAY -NO OBLIGATIONPHOENIX DATA, INC.
Phoenix, Az. 85017

178

3065 W. Fairmount Ave.
Ph. 602/277-4767

Circle 178 on reader service card

MANGUM, OKLAHOMA 73554

Circle 220 on reader service card

Multi-headed. Complete test setup
includes six plug-in heads.

$2,250. The complete six-head instrument sells for $14,425. Thomas
Eccles, chief engineer for microwave products, says this price isabout one-half that for acomparable power oscillator built from offthe-shelf hardware.
The six heads available with theMicrodot oscillator are 10 to 50
Mhz ($2,000), 50 to 200 Mhz ($2,000), 200 to 500 Mhz ($1,375), 500
to 1,000 Mhz ($1,575), 1,000 to
1,800 Mhz ($1,800), and 2,150 to
2,350 Mhz ($2,250). The latterS-band head is earmarked for testing telemetry equipment, and might
be replaced with one covering the
2 to 10 Mhz band that is in the
final stages of development. The
a-m feature is an option that costs
an additional $190 per head.
The complete instrument may beeither mounted in a 19-inch-wide
rack or used atop a lab bench. A
cavity designed for cooling at 50
watts includes aspecial tube.
An option allows sweeping at agiven frequency over abandwidthof about 10% at avariable rate up
to 5 hertz or at afixed rate of 30
hertz. The slower sweep rate enables the instrument to be usedwith an x-y plotter; the 30-hz
sweep is for use with oscilloscopes.
The built-in wattmeter in themodel 445 power supply allows
continual r-f power monitoring ofboth incident and reflected power
at 10 watts to 50 watts full scale.
A cousin to the model 1927,
called the 1926, takes three heads
and is for production testing andtransistor testing and burn-in.
Microdot Inc., 220 Pasadena Ave.,
South Pasadena, Calif. 91030 [409]Electronics IMarch 17, 1969Equipments andunits bearing the
TELEFUNKEN
trademark aresymbols ofprogress

JJ7à"YOU'RE
WHISTLING
IN THEDARK ...

We manufacture and supply:
Broadcasting and television transmitters •Communications transmitters
Maritime transmitters and transceivers •Professional receivers anddirection finders •Radars
Radiotelephone sets and systems
Telecommunications equipment andcables •Data processing systems... if you think that heart disease and stroke hit only
the other fellow's family. No one is immune. Protect
the hearts you love. For authoritative information, ask yourHeart Association. For medical advice see your doctor. To
safeguard your family..

•
GIVE...

so more will live

Contributed br she Publisher

HEART
FUND

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Write for comprehensive
documentation
ALLGEMEINE ELEKTRICITÁTSGESELLSCHAFT
AEG-TELEFUNKEN
Export Department
79 Ulm •Elisabethenstral3e 3Germany
ALLGEMEINE ELEKTRICITÁTS-GESELLSCHAFT
AEG-TELEFUNKEN
Circle 179 on reader service card179

OK gang
It's "see the little boxes" time again.
See the little boxes.
o

See the little boxes.

See the new little boxes.

0.00Z

e•

See what they can do.
Sine, square, triangle.. ramp,
tone burst.. trigger, sweep.
sine .2, phase lock, VCG., plus
analog & digital control offrequency & amplitude.
See the little boxes workat IEEE, booth 2A18
WAVETEK•

See what they con do.
Measure voltage and frequency.
Generate sine, square, triangle,
ramp., tone burst« triggers sweep.
sine „2 phase lock, VCG. plus
analog and digital control offrequency and amplitude.
See the little boxes work at
Wescon, booth 2417.
WAyirsec.•

Now see what they can do.
Sweep from two hours to 1GHz.
Measure voltage and frequency.
Generate sine, square, triangle,
ramp.. tone burst. trigger, sweep.
sine?. phase lock, VCG. plus
complete digital remote control.
See the little boxes work at
Wescon, booth 171041.
NA/AVETEK•

Except we now 3ox phosemeters,
sweep/signal generators to 1GHz

and pulse samplers in addition tovoltmeters and generators.
See the little coxes work at IEEE,
booth 2F49.
W AVE TE

9045 Balboa Ave., San Diego, Calif. 92123; Tel. 279-2200
P.
O.Box 651, San Diego, Calif. 92112; TWX 910.335-2007

180

Circle 180 on reader service card

Electronics

March 17, 1969

Data handling

Isolating acoustic signals in real time
Connected to spectrum analyzer, new hybrid computation unit identifies
the sources of individual components of radar signals, speech, and noise
Breaking down complex acoustic
signals into their components andidentifying the sources is a neat—but not new—trick. However, theFederal Scientific Corp. says acomputational unit it will display
at the IEEE Show next week is thefirst analyzer to do the job in real
time—and at afar lower cost thanany equipment now used for thissort of signal analysis.

Data generator 212 features aninternal clock rate to 75 Mhz and1.3 nsec rise and fall times. Data
length is fixed at 16 bits. Unit
can run continuously or produce
individual outputs in responseto an external command or amanual signal; these 3 modes, plus

Federal Scientific describes its
Multifunction Computational Unit as a special-purpose
hybrid computer that analyzes signals with bandwidths up to 10 kilohertz and is designed to be
attached to the company's previously available "Ubiquitous" spectrum analyzer. Two analyzers, theMCU-6, and a dual-channel digital
averager, also built by Federal
MCU-6

Scientific, make up the basic processing system.
The primary job of the mCu-6 isto perform such special functions as
cross correlation and power-spectral-density computations. Thesetasks could previously be handled
only by much more expensive digital computers and at much slower
speeds. And most of the competitive systems have much narrower

data content of each bit, are set
by push-buttons. Systron-DonnerCorp., W. Jefferson Blvd., Culver
City, Calif. [421]

Digital data translator accepts up
to 20 bits, in any weighted code,for translation of purely numerical
data into 8 significant decimal
figures of preselected scale factors
and units. Complete translation of
a 20-bit input takes 1.5 msec
max., permitting 500 translations/sec to be made. Price $4,300.
Adtrol Electronics Inc., 116 N.
7th
St.,
Philadelphia
19106.
[422]

Data acquisition system model 710
can multiplex and digitize 64
channels of low-level analog data
onto magnetic tape. It contains a
16-channel FET multiplexer whichis expandable to 64 channels witha switching speed of 1 gsec/
channel. Accuracy of the integrating digitizer is 0.015% of fullscale at 15 msec/conversion. IRA
Systems Inc., 332 2nd Ave.,
Waltham, Mass. [423]Card reader K10 allows for internal decoding of the input code andtranslation into any other code
without the use of external logic.
The single card reader, with astandard reading speed of 20
columns per second, features automatic indexing of the card by Internal or external programing.
Price starts at $850. Electrologic
Inc., 4732 Indianapolis Blvd., E.
Chicago, Ind. [424]Ruggedized card reader model 310
features an automatic re-read
cycle. Computers can now be programed to command cards to be
immediately re-read as many times
as required for the specific application desired. Unit is 24 in. longby 19 1/
2 in.
high by 12 3/
4 in.
wide, weighs 70 lbs. Price is$3,175 each in lots of 50. Omnitec Corp., 903 N. Second St.,
Phoenix 85004. [425]Capstandrive
tapetransport
model 640 is for the recording ofdigital data on 1/
2-in, tape in 7or 9- track IBM compatible format. It provides on-site serviceability. Tape speeds are available
up to 120 ips with packing densities of 800 bpi. Precise start-stopcharacteristics of 0.150 sec (highspeed) are maintained. Digital
Data Systems Inc., 7415 Hillcroft
Ave., Houston. [426]Data transmission sets series 2056
are two and three state (suited
to return to zero operation), which
operate at bit rates of 60, 85,
110, 150, 300, 600, 1200 and
1800. Digital interfaces may beeither positive neutral, negative
neutral, or polar. Varied mounting configurations are available.
Prices start at $350 with delivery
4-5 weeks. RFL Industries Inc.,
Boonton, N. J. 07005. [427]

Static strain data acquisition system 910 features a random accesskeyboard for manual channel selection. It scans at a rate of 5 per
second and handles 50 to 1,000
channels In 10 channel increments.
Input to the system is by shieldedcable to either barrier terminal
strips or MS type 5-pin connectors. Electronics Ltd., P.O. Box
1972, Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52406.
[428]

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

181

FOR 8-TRACK
RECORDING
ON 1/4" TAPE

DC
Meters•ANC ROA MN NS

ModMetersN

Pick yourNORTRONICS

heads
ve
zyOU
right

panel meter
Voiceprint. Spectra of the spoken word"is", sampled every 24 msec. Theseare examples of input to the MCU-6.

dSince we pay a lot of attention to
everybody's magnetic recording needs,
we can readily understand both how
and why yours are different. That's why
we offer not only a tremendous rangeof tape heads, but also the expert
counsel that guides you to the mosteffective specifications.
Study our technical literature on these8-track heads (available free on request):
MODEL B2
1.mm/re'MO-2L

MODEL P-BQL

The basic he'ief of t
8-track stereo industfor record and/or pla
back. Response thro
15Khz at 3.75 ip

First Combo head fo
8-track stereo. Recor.
playback, and erase
asingle unit. Elimina
assembly toleranc
track alignment anpressure pad problem
Simplify circuitry: in
ternal automatic bia
ing.
For duplicating or
strumentation applic
tions. Maximum info
mation storage àminimum cost. Fouin-line tracks. A sta
gered pair provides
tracks on V." tape.

Which one fits your needs? Nortronics
the world's largest tape head manu
facturer, has what it takes to analyz
your requirements and to recommen
the right head ... for any audio o
instrumentation application.
When you have a tape head needhead for Nortronics. We'll head yo
right.
Mirtirge.kif
C

1\11

N Y.

tNJC.

8101 Tenth Avenue North
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55427
Phone—(612) 545-0401 —Sales Offices throughout the182

Circle 182 on reader service card

bandwidth limits, according toRichard Rothschild, marketing vicepresident at Federal Scientific.
The company's system will be
used for radar data reduction,
speech analysis, and noise studies.
In fact, one of its first jobs will beanalyzing jet engines for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. In this case, the noise
originates in the fans and turbinesof the engine, in the fuel combustion process, in the blast of the exhaust jet—and possibly in bearings'
fiat spots and other engine defects.
The system will isolate these noise
components one at atime, identify
the sources, and note changes as afunction of engine speed. NASA will
be collecting this data for its noise
abatement studies.
One of the advantages of theFederal Scientific system in suchan application is that no connections need be made inside the engine; the only transducer required
is an ordinary microphone. Modular design permits a user to put asystem together a piece at a time.
The Ubiquitous spectrum analyzer, priced at $19,500, is the foundation of any of several setups.
Each additional unit fits astandard
19-inch rack. The MCU-6 will cost
about $10,000, and the complete
processing system, designated theuPS-6, will sell for $58,800 as a
package. IEEE Booth No. 2B3.
Federal Scientific Corp., 615 West 131stSt., New York, N.Y. 10027 [429]from
VU Meters

API's exclusive
combination
Pyrometers

These API panel meters offer you
a unique choice of styles, featuresand functions:
DC meters—standard 1% tracking
and taut-band construction in 20
to 100 ma ranges, at no extra charge.
Optional 0.5% tracking at publishedprices. Stocked in 15 models withclear plastic, recessed-mounting andblack phenolic case styles.
Mod Meters—with interchangeable
scales for measuring different variables. Many meters forthe price of one.
VU meters—for recording andbroadcasting applications. Most
stylish in the industry. Stocked in
12 models.
Pyrometers—widest selection
available anywhere, including ruggedized type shown above.
For detailed specifications, ranges
and prices, ask for Bulletin 47.

api
AIL

INSTRUMENTS CO.
Chesterland, Ohio 44026(216) 729-1611
Circle 221 on reader service card

Data handlingVideo analyzer
enhances pictures

Small wonder!

Using digital techniques,system compares images
frame by frame
Gathering video data from outerspace presents a thorny problem:
how to detect what has changed
during ashort interval of time. Because the signal level is very low
and the background noise is very
high, a change in the signal could
go unnoticed.
Spatial Data Systems Inc.'s
model 201 Digital Video Processor
analyzes, compares, and enhances
video signals, and senses small differences in real time. The system
includes amagnetic tape recorder,
a digital computer, a digital-toanalog converter, high-speed arithmetic and control logic, two video
monitors, amagnetic disk memory,and apower supply.
The system digitizes television
picture frames, each with a duration of l¡ c, second, into 55,000
eight-bit binary numbers. These arethen stored in the disk memory.
The arithmetic unit accumulates
successive frames, compares them,and isolates stationary components
from background noise. This results
in an improved signal-to-noise ratio
and an enhanced picture appears
on amonitor.
The digital computer controls
the reading process, the arithmetic
unit and disk recorder. The digitized pictures can be transferredfrom the disk recorder to the computer for further analysis so thatspecially selected brightness levels
can be compared.
The 201 can be used in the detection of targets in infrared reconnaissance, radar, sonar, andplanetary observations.
The price of the system ranges
from $50,000 to $150,000 depending on specific customer requirements. Delivery time is 4 to 6
months.
Spatial Data Systems Inc., 108 Aero
Camino, Goleta, Calif. 93017 [430]Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

ACTUAL SIZE

New air variable capacitors
only 0.310" in diameter for vertical or horizontal tuning.
Johnson introduces these new Typebetter, DC200 treated. Metal parts"T" subminiature air dielectric
capacitors for trimming applica-

are silver plated and Iridited toinhibit discoloration.

tions that call for small size (0.310"
diameter), high Q (greater than
1500 at 1mHz), low TC, and low
cost. Mounting dimensions of vertical mount "T" are identical tocommon 3/8 " diameter PC mountceramic disc trimmers.
Nominal capacities available range
from 1.3 pF minimum to 15.7 pF
maximum. Minimum voltage
breakdown is 250 VDC. End frameis 95% alumina, grade L624 or

Plates are precision machinedfrom brass extrusions and offer
exceptional uniformity, stability,
and absolute freedom from moisture entrapment. Temperature coefficient is plus 30 ± 15 ppm/°C.
Retrace characteristics are excellent. Outstanding stability during
vibration from 10 to 2000 Hz. These
new capacitors meet or exceed
EIA-RS 204 and MIL Standard
202C Methods 204A and 201A.

D Please rush a sample of your new Type "T" capacitors, detailed specs and prices.
El Include Catalog 701 covering the entire E. F. Johnson component line.
NAME

TITLE

FIRM

ADDRESS

CITY

STATE

ZIP

E. F. JOHNSON COMPANY
3003 Tenth Avenue S. W., Waseca, Minnesota 56093
Providing nearly a half-century of communications leadership
Circle 183 on reader service card

183

MALLORY CAPACITOR FACTFILE
Unique anode design
reduces dissipation factor and ESR.
By designing anodes with holes
through them and risers welded
separately to their tops, Mallory
has reduced the physical electricalloss paths of its tantalum capacitors, particularly at higher frequencies (up to 1MHz).
This greatly improves the electrical characteristics and performance of the Mallory capacitors,
making them better than conventional electrolytic tantalum capacitors in the following ways:•Lower dissipation factors•Lower impedance at higher
frequencies

110
1 330 e-6 VOLTZ 108 — 2 220 e-10 VOLT
- 106 — 3 100e-20 VOLTàc• 104e, 102•Larger permissible ripple
voltages•Less capacitance change withfrequency

0
Z
0
cc

98

•

94

THF capacitors are enclosed instandard Mallory F and G cases
which correspond to Military C
and D case sizes. They meet therequirements of Style CS12 andCS13 of MIL-C-26655B.
For data, write Mallory Capacitor
Company, a division of P. R.
Mallory & Co. Inc., Indianapolis,
Indiana 46206.
184

Circle 184 on reader service card

12 e-35 VOLT

6

18 0E-50 VOLT

7

22 etF-50 VOLT

4
7

1 2 3 6•.,

1 23 4 6 7
5

—ao

125

80

—20
25
TEMPERATURE—DEGREES CENTIGRADEDISSIPATION FACTOR-PERCENT

16
14
12 '.....«''•••.,............
100

330 e-6 VOLT0

18 e-50 VOLT

0220 e-10 VOLT0

22 e-50 VOLT —0100 e-20 VOLT047 e-35 VOLT

0

12 »F-35 VOLT

a
6
4

5

3

7

2

6

O
—80

—20
25
TEMPERATURE—DEGREES CENTIGRADE

125

80

1KHz dissipation factor at five temperatures
DISSIPATION FACTOR-PERCENT

Designated THF by Mallory, the
new capacitors are available in thelarge and intermediate CV productrange where improvements in theelectrical characteristics are mostsignificant.

96

47 e-35 VOLT

5

1KHz capacitance change at four temperatures•Less capacitance change withtemperature
These superior characteristics arein addition to the usual featuresof solid electrolyte tantalum
capacitors.

100

4

5

4

1 330 J-6 VOLT
— 2 220 e-10 VOLT
3 100 e-20 VOLT
3 — 4 47 pF-35 VOLT
5 12 e-35 VOLT
6 18 0E-50 VOLT
7 22 e-50 VOLT
2

4
1
r'?

5
3
__.............0000001 7
6
..»--

o

—80

—20
25
TEMPERATURE—DEGREES CENTIGRADE

80

125

120 Hz dissipation factor at five temperatures
Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

New semiconductors

Monolithic IC puts out 18 watts
Sony triples audio amplifier power levelby precision growth of polycrystalline regions
The power race in the semiconductor industry last year matched transistor against transistor. This year,
the contest is among integrated circuits. The latest entry is Sony's 18watt rms monolithic IC.
The key to the high power output is the precise method of growing single crystal and polycrystalline silicon over specified portionsof the chip during an epitaxial

growth process. These polycrystalline regions serve as both aconnection to buried layers under thetransistors and as vertical isolation
regions. The impurity diffusion
rate through the polycrystalline
material is far higher and adefinite
advantage over that through ordinary single crystal material. Extremely low resistance connections
can be made directly to collector

buried layer regions, and thus to
the transistor collectors without
the lengthy diffusions at the hightemperatures needed to make aheavily doped connection throughsingle crystal material.
If low resistance connections are
not made from the metallization on
the chip surface to buried layers,
localized heating and high saturation voltage limit the power output

Subminiature h-v rectifiers areoffered at prices under $1. With
their maximum peak repetitive reverse voltage ratings ranging from
1 to 5 kv, the devices can handle
continuous forward currents of
0.25 amp at ambient temperaturesof 75 °C, and withstand current
surges up to 15 amps at thesetemperatures. Motorola Semiconductor Products, Inc., P.O. Box
20924, Phoenix 85036. [436]Microminiature reference diodes,
electricallyequivalent
tothe
1N821-1N829 series, are for applications with miniature circuits,
hybrid circuits, and in conjunction
with IC's. Operating and storage
temperature is —55 ° to 150°C.
Power derating above 25 °C is 1
mw/ °C. Maximum power dissipation at 25°C is 125 mw. Transitron Electronic Corp., Albion St.,
Wakefield, Mass. [437]Gas-filled metal diodes serve asprotective devices against transients or other sharp spikes, suchas those which can puncture MOS
FET's. Inherent firing voltage is
80 to 89 v. Leakage resistance isgreater than 3.5 x 10" ohms.
Repeatability of firing voltage isapproximately ±:5% and self
capacitance 1.1 pf at 100 khz.
Victoreen
Instrument,
10101
Woodland Ave., Cleveland. [438]High-current, controlled-avalanche
rectifier assemblies in the Magnum series have a piv range of
100 to 600 v. They include 25
amp
singleandthree-phasebridges, 10 amp single-phasebridges, and 15 amp doublers andcenter-tap rectifiers. Units haveprices varying from $3.43 to$12.60 in lots of 100. UnitrodeCorp., 580 Pleasant St., Watertown, Mass. [439]Triple-diffused silicon power transistors series 51)14921-SDT4925
are 300-v, 5-amp devices in TO-5
cases. They feature ultrasonicallybonded leads and gold silicon
eutectic die mounting. Beta at acollector current of 1 amp is aminimum of 20 and amaximum of
60. Collector to emitter voltage
is less than 0.5 v. Solitron Devices Inc., 1177 Blue Heron Blvd.,
Riviera Beach, Fla. [440]Monolithic timing circuit model
7100 is for any type of timing
application, from monostable delay circuits to turn-on delays.
Features include: 10 gsec to 1
hour time delays; only 1 to 2
external components required forthe majority of applications; andoutput compatible with 10 volt
analog, MUS, RTL, DTL and TTL
forms of logic. Optical Electronics
Inc., Box 11140, Tucson. [441]Inverter scr C398 is rated at 1,200
with an average current of 300
amps and a di/dt of 800 amps
per gsec. Other features include afrequency up to 5 khz square wave
and 10 khz sine wave, agate driveof 225 ma for high di/dt, and aturn-off time of 25 gsec typical.
Price is $300 each in quantitiesof 1 to 9. General Electric Co.,
1 River Road, Schenectady, N. Y.
12305. [442]Seleniumhigh-voltage
rectifierTV1a-TOK70 for black-and-white
tv application features high life
expectancy. The 24 kv piv rectifier
has the length of a comparable
h-v tube rectifier, 23/ in. The4
baseplate material has a thicknessof approximately 0.003 in. compared with 0.012 in. of standard
material used until now. ITT
Semiconductors, 6416 W. Belmont
Ave., Chicago 60634. [443]Electronics IMarch 17, 1969185

alignment\c' (\ Problems

COLLECTOR
BASE

EMITTERISOLATION(POLYCRYSTAL)COLLECTOR
EMITTER

BASE

OXIDE

SINGLE CRYSTAL SUBSTRATE (P)PNP TRANSISTORNPN TRANSISTORPOLYCRYSTALLINE COLLECTOR LEAD

çe-)
(r(

Down under. Polycrystalline connections to the buried layers have extremely
low resistance, enabling the IC to have an output capability of 18 watts.

o

Gel>

Solve them last with
MINEAC®... world's
smallest electronic
autocollimator!
Twist ...warp ...strain ...linear
displacement? For precise measuring, monitoring and control of these
problems to within 0.05 arc-seconds
or 0.001 inch ...MINEAC is theanswer!
MINEAC — world's smallest electronic autocollimator — is ideal for
dynamic applications where the target is. subject to constant orientation
changes. It requires no physical orelectrical contact with the target.
Using projected and reflected lightbeams, MINEAC generates electrical signals directly proportional todisplacement error.
Other features? Size: 1.5 cubic
inches. Weight: 3ounces. Power in:
0.4 watts. Single and dual axis models are standard. Custom models witheven higher accuracy and performance are available on special order.
For more information on MINEAC,
call or write Electro-Optical SalesManager.

BARNESENGINEERINGCOMPANY
30 Commerce Rd/Stamford, Conn. 06902
Phone (203) 348-5831 /TWX 710-474-3367
186

Circle 186 on reader service cardof any IC. And even if average chiptemperature doesn't reach a very
high value, localized heating limits
the maximum current. If verticalhighly doped regions are used in an
attempt to overcome this problem,the processes needed to produce
the vertically highly doped regions
usually result in lower breakdown
voltage, and maximum power output is limited by low maximum collector voltage.
No compromise. Sony's processsecures the desired connections
without compromising maximum
voltage rating. Any chip's maximum output is proportional to the
product of its current and voltage;
it follows then that Sony's achievement—high voltage and current ratings—produce a high maximum
output rating. Maximum output of
18 watts rms-26 watts peak—isreached when the collector voltage
is 40 volts. With the collector
power supply in the 10- to 15-volt
range, the maximum rms power
output is only in the three- to fourwatt range. Maximum current rating for the IC is four amperes peak
to peak. The efficiency of the circuit with an output of 18 watts
rms into an eight-ohm load is about
67%. Harmonic distortion is lessthan 10% at 18 watts; at 15 watts
output, distortion is less than 0.4%.
Small power transistors can beused to take advantage of the low
collector resistance connection usedin the IC. This makes for a verysmall chip. Normally, most of theheating is in the resistance drop
through the substrate to the active
collector region. The great reduction in this heating allows verysmall transistors to be used evenfor alarge output. Total size of thechip used is 59 by 69 mils, withthe power transistors taking up
less than half of the chip.
The circuit has four npn transistors—of which two are power transistors—two pnp transistors, one
diode, and six resistors. Althoughconventional vertically oriented
pnp transistors are used—as opposed to the lateral pnp transistors
normally used in IC's—the characteristics and balance of the npn's
are superior; two npn output transistors are used in the single ended
push-pull stage. One is driven by amedium size pnp to give apseudo
complementary symmetry output
stage. Where two transistors do
the job in this circuit, three arenormally used in conventional circuits when the pnp is alateral type.
The resistivity of the polycrystal
areas is lower than that of normal
high-doped regions by at least anorder of magnitude. And because
subsequent processing has little effect on buried layers, they can be
doped higher and thus have lower
resistivity than was previously
practical. This further lowers resistance losses, and decreases saturation voltage.
With this technology, the final
isolation diffusion is done at thesame time as the shallow base diffusion, saving aprocess step.
Also, the polycrystal is usedmerely as atool for increasing the
local diffusion rate. This is extremely important, according toSony, because all of the characteristics of the integrated circuit are
determined by pn junctions—individual element functions are pnjunctions in single crystal material
because of the slight lateral diffusion described.
Sony Corp., 7-35 Kitashinagwa-6. Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo [4441Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

New semiconductors
IMPORTANT AND

Probe costs—
and does

less

Hand-held logic verifierfor $29.95 suited for/111 . 10 . 111Hilde
BOOKS FROM McGRAW HILL

single-cycle systems
The best market research sometimes consists of keeping a watch
on what other companies are doing.
"It was a Hewlett-Packard announcement that woke me up," says
Robert Cartmell, designer of ahand-held probe for verifying the
logic state of integrated circuits.
The probe, designated the LP-500,
will be put on the market next
month by Kurz-Kasch Inc., amakerof plastics for electronic systems.
The test instrument was designed
by Cartmell for his own needs. "We
were alittle slow in recognizing its
usefulness for other engineers," hesays. After H-P announced its $95
probe [Electronics, Nov. 11, 1968,
p. 275], Kurz-Kasch decided tomarket the LP-500. It will sell for$29.95.
Unlike the H-P model, the LP-500
can't detect high-speed pulses.
"But it's good enough to check out
probably 75% of the circuitry in acomplex system," says Cartmell.
The pen-like instrument, six
inches long, has ametallic probe on
one end and two small readout
windows at the other end.
Cartmell says its versatility fortroubleshooting lies in the fact thatit can detect an improper logic levelin any system that can be singlecycled.
The probe's split screen—one
window marked "0" and the other"1"—visually displays presence orabsence of logic current levels forgates, flip-flops, one-shots and similar circuits.
For a true logic level, from one
volt d-c and up, the "1" window isilluminated. The probe indicates azero level, below one volt d-c, bylighting the "0" window. Infinity
or doubtful as would be the casefor either an improper logic levelor an unwired pin is represented by
the blanking out of both windows.
Kurz-Kasch Inc., 1421 South Broadway, Dayton, Ohio 45401 [444]Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

1. REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS. AMethodology for Design and
Cost/Performance Analysis. By PAUL STIMLER. This practical step-bystep guide will help you greatly reduce the time and effort you
expend in the calculation of meaningful numerical values for—and the optimization of—real-time systems performance, costs
and performance per dollar. The book carefully defines all technical terms and criteria for performance and cost, and explicitly
states assumptions. In addition, the methodology is illustrated
with such typical applications as message-switching and automatic airline reservation systems.
Topics covered include system models, throughput rate capability, the data-communication network, system costs and specification, the processor subsystem, multi-programming capability
and much more.
259 pp., $13.50
2. DIGITAL MAGNETIC LOGIC. By DAVID R. BENNION, HEWITT D. CRANE andDAVID NITZAN. This book deals with a class of digital magneticcore circuits consisting of magnetic components and interconnecting conductors, and offer extremely high reliability, long life,
and adaptability to special environments—e.g., high-intensity
radiation. It is the first book available on digital logic circuits
using magnetic devices exclusively.
320 pp., $15.00
3. TRANSMISSION LINES FOR DIGITAL AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS.
By RICHARD E. MATICK. This book brings together in one volume all
the relevant information and important concepts required for an
up-to-date understanding and use of transmission lines. Those
not acquainted with transmission lines can very easily acquire
the basic concepts using nothing more than simple ac circuit
analysis. Topics covered include velocity of propagation, skineffect, superconducting transmission lines, transformers & parameters and more!
384 pp., $14.50
4. PRINCIPLES OF HIGH-RESOLUTION RADAR. By AUGUST W. RIHACZEK.
This is the first book published in the radar field which deals
specifically with one of the field's most demanding problems—
adequate resolution performance. It stresses principles rather
than the ever-changing equipment, developing an understanding of the theory without resorting to high-level math, andlimiting discussions to those aspects of resolution theory which
either have immediate practical applications or a strong possibility of future applications.
498 pp., $19.50

At your bookstore or direct from publisherma »mom .10 DAYS FREE EXAMINATION.
McCraw-Hill Book Co., Dept. 23-L-369, 330 West 42nd Street, New York, N. Y. 10036
Send me the book(s) circled below for 10 days on approval. In 10 days Iwill remit forbook(s) Ikeep, plus a few cents for delivery costs, and return others postpaid. Include
local sales tax if applicable.

1-614800

2-046995

3-409029

4-528901

Name (print)
Address
City
This offer good in the U.S. and Canada only

State

Zip Code
23-L-369

Circle 187 on reader service card

187

New Books
Computer talk
Fortran Programming
Fredric Stuart
John Wiley & Sons Inc., 353 pp., $7.95

ACOPIANDUALS...
POWER SUPPLIESIN THE SPACE OF
Where your equipment or system requires
more than one regulated DC output, consider Acopian duals. They consist of two
independent regulated power supplies
housed in a single module. You canselect two like outputs (such as for opamps) or any of 80,000 combinationsof different outputs.
Acopian duals cut mounting space requirements roughly in half, cost less than
two individual modules and, like all
Acopian power supplies save you time
because they're shipped three days after
receipt of your order.
For information on the complete lineof 82,000 different Acopian power supplies, including singles and duals, regulated and unregulated, and rack mounted
assemblies, ask for our new catalog.
Write Acopian Corp., Easton, Pa. 18042
or call (215) 258-5441.

Here's a good book for learning
Fortran. The author, amember ofthe Business Statistics Department
at Hofstra University, is one of the
few authors who approach thissubject while keeping in mind areader who will actually be putting
Fortran into practice. It's writtenvery 'clearly and is easy to follow
until the problems get more complicated. Then it would probably
be best to have acomputer at one's
disposal in order to check out thetrial programs. He gives many engineering problems and examples,and anyone who wants to learn
Fortran must actually try his handat it. The author's organization andlevel of verbal presentation makethe learning process as painless as
possible.
One of the nice features is that
he has a listing of all commercial
computers now in use, together
with their Fortran compilers. He
codes these by number and, then,whenever he must comment on thecharacteristics of compilers, rather
than generalize, he presents atablewith the appropriate comment foreach one. Thus, the book is not
only a text but also an operator's
manual for using digital computers.
Some of the examples that would
be of interest to electronics engineers are ones on atransistor biasing network, a thermistor bridge
temperature sensor, and various
statistical and curve-fitting problems.

Recently publishedLaser Communication Systems, William K.
Pratt, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 271 pp., $14.95
A primer on the subject of laser communications, the book has one chapter for each subassembly (opticalcomponents,
detectors,etc.) in a typical system. The rest of the text
deals with types of systems and includes atechnique for optimum design.
Topics in Mathematical System Theory, Rudolf E. Kalman, Peter L. Falb, and Michael
A. Arbib, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 358 pp.,$16.50This text surveys recent advances in systemtheory and emphasizes rigorous mathemati-

188

Circle 188 on reader service card

cal methods. The book may be used as atext or supplement in courses on systemtheory. Each of the three authors covers thematerial from different points of view. Extensive background material has also been Included to help engineers and students acquire the necessary mathematical precision.
Analysis and Synthesis of Linear Active Networks, Sanjit Mitra, John Wiley & Sons Inc.,
565 pp., $15.95
After reviewing active RC filters and passive
RCL networks, the book explains the workingsof active elements, such as negative resistances, impedance converters, and degenerate
circuit elements. Also discussed are network
theorems, the indefinite admittance-matrix
approach, realizability conditions, and synthesis techniques.
Nonlinear Systems, Dragoslav Siljak,
Wiley & Sons Inc., 618 pp., $22.95

John

Intended for a graduate course in systemanalysis, this book presents new graphicaland analytical ways to study high-order nonlinear systems. Described are both a qualitative technique—the Liapunov-Popov approachto system stability—and a quantitative technique—the Krylov-Bogoliubov harmonic linearization combined with the describing-function method.
Introduction to Optimal Control, Ian McCausland, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 258 pp., $12.00
A first-year graduate text, it presupposes aknowledge of classical control theory, linear
system theory, including Laplace transforms,
and some matrix theory and probability. Covered are the optimization of system parameters for minimum errors, the Wiener and Kalman filters, state representation of systems,
and the calculus of variations as applied tocontrol problems. Computer and other optimization methods are discussed.

Principles of High-Resolution Radar, August
W. Rihaczek, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 498 pp.,$19.50.
Target resolution is the theme of this volume,
which focuses on practices in modern radar.
Single target discussion is followed by a description of the general resolution problem,the capabilities and limitations of radar, andwaveform designs by computer plotting. Synthetic aperture radar is the main example
used. The mathematics does not wander beyond the double integral.

Principles of Quantum Electronics, William
S.C. Chang, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.,
540 pp., $17.50
A rigorous, theoretical book for graduate
students, it covers quantum electronics andits application to lasers. A review of quantum mechanics begins the discussion, which
proceeds through the interaction of radiationand matter, and ends with inquiries into
present laser problems.
Microwave Semiconductor Devices and Their
Circuit Applications, H.A. Watson, McGrawHill Book Co., 617 pp., $22.50.
The theory and circuit uses of a host of microwave semiconductor diodes and transistors are set out in this comprehensive volume. Also included are new ones such as the
GaAs Schottky-barrier diode, the avalanchetransit time diode, the bulk GaAs diode andcertain microwave transistors. A review section on semiconductor physics, that goesfrom Schroedinger's equation to p-n junction
theory, prepares the reader for what follows.

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

•

eft
'1

•
eie l. Se

World's Smallest
Standard Magnetic Pickup

10 VOLT OUTPUT ISHIGHER

THAN MANY LARGER MODELS
Here is ELECTRO% answer to magnetic pickup miniaturization demanded by so many applications. Though sosmall that it takes 20 of them to weigh asingle ounce,the 3080 can be depended upon to deliver a minimum
output of 10 volts peak to peak under standard test
conditions-20 pitch gear teeth, 1000 IPS surface speed,
100K ohm load, .005" pole piece clearance. Variations
in conditions show equally impressive performance.
The ELECTRO 3080 may prove to be the answer whenever limited space is a factor in counting, triggering,
positioning, or other applications.
The 3080 was designed to solve aspecific problem inasophisticated computer where high density packaging
was a major factor. Here is another example of an
ELECTRO custom-built magnetic pickup that has been
added to the wide range of stock pickups which areavailable "off the shelf."
When you need aspecialized magnetic pickup to solvea problem, check ELECTRO; chances are we have it instock. If not, we invite you to talk over your problem
with our engineers.

MAGNETICPICKUPSELECTRO PRODUCTS LABORATORIES, INC.

•

"

dt re

2-piece e
traps
are out!
Zenith uses Dale hybrid
Series-Resonant Trap
in FM circuitry
Zenith wanted a better way to bypass 10.7
MHz in its FM receivers. To replace thestandard 2-component inductor-capacitor
trap, Dale provided this unique hybrid.
Dale's Series-Resonant
Trap has the electricalcharacteristics of an inductor and acapacitor inseries and provides amethod of controllingboth functions. The result:Controlled self-resonancein aminiaturized circuit.

Cd

Ls

Cd =Controlled Series
Capacitance
Ls= Series Inductance

After four years of production use, Zenith says of theSeries-Resonant Trap: "It saves space, saves time,works satisfactorily." Here are the basic specs:•Resonant Frequency: 10.7 MHz ± .5 MHz (Other
frequencies available)•Impedance at Design Frequency: 159 or less
•Impedance at ±50% of Design Frequency: 1500SZ min.
Space and money-saving components like this are a
growing part of Dale's Sioux Division. Write for more
information or call Dale at 605— 665-9301.

DALE ELECTRONICS, INC.
SIOUX DIVISION Dept. ES
Yankton, South Dakota 57078
Producers of: Toroids, Series Resonant Traps, Variable Pitch Inductors, Miniature High Frequency Inductors, Degaussing Coils, Industrial
and Military Coils, Sub-Miniature Coils, Surge and Lightning Arresters,
Custom Assemblies, Motor Driven Potentiometers.

6125 West Howard St., Chicago, III. 60648 •312/647-8744

Circle 222 on reader service card

Circle 189 on reader service card

189

Technical Abstracts

CREATE YOUROWN MODELNUMBER.tailor an AMF
Cybertran Video
Preamplifier to fillyour needs

Broad Frequency Response• High Input Impedance• Low Input Impedance• f, .1 Hz/f, 25 MHz
OUTPUT
IMPEDANCE
IN f). :50 or 75 '

TYPE:
VIDEO

'
VI

—20

—50

—50

AMPLIFICATION
IN db:

INPUT IMPEDANCE
IN12:

0. 20, 40 or
V20 (Variable
0to 20)50, 75, 1M, 10M,
100M, 1KM,**custom values available

Never before has such flexibility been
built into a line of video preamplifiers.
AMF, Alexandria's VI Series of Cybertransmakes it possible for you to specify yourvideo preamplifier requirements and have
AMF ship it to you. Write or call Bob Peterson, Applied Cybernetics Products, 1025
North Royal Street, Alexandria, Virginia,
22314 Phone (703) 548-7221. TWX 703931-4209. Representatives in major cities
of U.S.A.

ANA

ALEXANDRIA

190

Circle 190 on reader service card

Taking the easy way
New, Simplified Bipolar Technology
and its Application to Systems
B.T. Murphy, Bell Telephone
Laboratories, Murray Hill, N.J.,
S.M. Neville, BTL, Indian Hill, Ill., and
R.A. Pedersen, BTL, Allentown, Pa.

The wide popularity of insulatedgate field-effect integrated circuits
in data processors and memories—
particularly in large-scale arrays—
stems from their low cost. Thiseconomy is mainly due to the simple fabrication process; by contrast,
bipolar integrated circuit fabrication seems complicated indeed. A
new process developed at Bell Telephone Laboratories may change allthis; it makes it possible to produce
bipolar IC's almost as easily as mOS
IC's. In fact, the new process canbe made as simple as the one used
to produce conventional transistors.
The new process does away withthe buried collector usually provided in bipolar IC's. It also isolates
the circuit elements at the sametime that the transistors are formed.
further reducing the fabrication
steps. There is some loss of performance, but the IC's are still useful in many applications such as
memories and shift registers.
One version of the new processuses a collector-diffusion-isolation
structure (Cm). Unlike the standard buried-collector (sBc) process,CDI uses a p-type epitaxial layer,
and isolation is accomplished bymeans of the collector diffusion,
which is also used to define thebase and resistor areas. To get thinbase layers, the epitaxial layer must
be thin. This limits the breakdown
voltage to a few volts.
A low-power TM gate, made by
the CDI process, switches at about
the same speed as those made by
the SBC process-5 to 7 nanoseconds propagation delay. (Eventhough the smaller geometry afforded by CDI makes for a gainbandwidth product that's twice ashigh as in SBC IC's, the larger collector-base capacitance cancels any
speed benefits that would result.)
The CDI gate operates at low volttage-2 volts. The problems of external noise, internal crosstalk,power conversion and distribution

created by this low voltage arecompensated to some extent by avery low weyer dissipation of 4
milliwatts. The-small geometry isa big advantage, too, since it permits more circuits to be formed inachip of given size (CDI 'I'M circuits are two-fifths the size of their
SBC equivalents).
For cases where backplane interconnections are less than 1 footlong, standard wiring should keepcrosstalk down to a satisfactorily
low level and permit an average
propagation delay of 6nsec. With
the high packing density expectedof these new circuits, 4,000 gatescan be interconnected without exceeding the 1foot limitation. Whenthe backplane line lengths exceed
1 foot, high-impedance strip lines
are a convenient way of controlling both impedance and crosscoupling. Careful layout should
minimize this special wiring andpermit 25,000 gates to be interconnected.
Another version of the new Bell
Labs process uses base-diffusion
isolation (Bpi); there are only a
few fabrication steps—the same as
for aconventional planar transistor—but the switching speed is low.
The isolation region is diffused at
the same time as the base; during
operation, isolation is provided forthis region by applying a reverse
bias that is large enough to cause
the depletion layer to punchthrough the epitaxial layer to thesubstrate.
The absence of aburied collector
layer in the BDI structure meansthat collector currents must be
limited to 1milliampere to prevent
excessive power dissipation. Fortunately, the high sheet resistivities
needed for current-limiting is available in the layer between the emitter and collector, and between thebase and substrate.
Although CDI and BDI require
an extra power supply for the isolation regions, this is not aserious
burden since very little current isneeded—merely the leakage currentof the reverse-biased isolation junction.
Presented at the International Solid State
Circuits Conference, Philadelphia, Feb. 19-21.

Electronics

March 17, 1969

IC And
Semiconductor
Screening ?

Going to IC's?
Or Higher IF's?
fr--.75.75

1.5

Independent Mode2

Coupled Mode

111111

1
1

To-

Go two ways
with Monolithic Quartz
Uni -Wafer Filters
THE MOST EXPERIENCEDSEMICONDUCTOR TESTINGLABORATORY IN THE COUNTRY
OFFERS ACOMPLETE SCREENING AND
BURN-IN SERVICE... GEARED TO YOURPRODUCTION SCHEDULES...AT A DOWN-TO-EARTH COST!
The most modern automated facilities tohandle screening of integrated circuits, semiconductor components, circuit cards —including a Fairchild 5000 IC Tester and a Fairchild
600 Transistor Tester — backed by several million man-hours of semiconductor testing experience, are now available to you at AssociatedTesting Laboratories to meet your burn-in
requirements without capital investment orincreased overhead.
Associated's comprehensive facilities and experienced staff have the capability to handle
any volume requirement—and to provide fast
turn-around to match rigorous production
schedules. And, of course, Associated's unparalleled experience in both commercial andmilitary testing is your assurance of optimum
screening, dependable documentation and efficient cost reducing programming.
For immediate in formation call 201-256-2800.
New England: 617-272-9050, West Coast: 213589-9196.

ASSOCIATEDTESTINGLABORATORIESINC u 200 Route 46, Wayne, New Jersey • (201) 256-2800
West Coast Office:6100 Wilmington Ave., Los Angeles, Calif. 90001 • (213) 589-9196

Circle 223 on reader service card

45 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 .5 to
.5 1.0 15 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
NORMALIZED BANDWIDTH

Go independent mode. Go coupled mode. You can go either modewith monolithic Clevite Uni -Wafer' filters. They're smaller andmore reliable (fewer interconnections) than conventional filters.
Clevite Uni -Wafer filters are ideal for matching IC circuitry incommunications receivers operating in the VHF and UHF frequency ranges as well as in telemetry, radar and aerospace systems.
They are 2, 4 and 6 pole crystal filters with a choice of center
frequencies ranging from 8 MHz to 75 MHz. They've been developed using Clevite's advanced engineering techniques andClevite's original thin film approach to quartz filters. In this concept, arrays of resonators are achieved on a single quartz wafer
with resonator isolation and spurious suppression controlled by
the trapped energy principle.
So if you're going to IC's or higher IF's, go Clevite Uni -Wafer
filters. They're available in both independent and coupled mode.
For more information and complete specification data, write:
Clevite Corporation, Piezoelectric Division, 232 Forbes Road,
Bedford, Ohio 44146.

CLEVITE
Circle 191 on reader service card

191

New Literature
Loss detector. James Electronics Inc.,
4050 N. Rockwell St., Chicago 60618,
offers a four-page brochure describing
the Apolimeter, a direct measuring instrument for detecting losses in electrical steels.
Circle 446 on reader service card.
Solid tantalum capacitors. Union Carbide Corp., P.O. Box 5928, Greenville,
S.C. 29606. An eight-page brochure
covers the Kemet Micron series of microminiature solid tantalum capacitors.
[447]
Potting forms. Stevens Tubing Corp.,
128 N. Park St., East Orange, N.J.
07019, has available a data sheet on
self-extinguishing, fiberglass laminatedepoxy header plates and potting forms.
[448]
Microwave attenuators. Narda Microwave Corp., Commercial St., Plainview,
N.Y. 11803. Criteria for selecting theright microwave attenuators for theproper application are the subject of a
12-page article in a company technicalpublication. [449]
Wire stripping. Ideal Industries Inc.,
5180 Becker Pl., Sycamore, III. 60178.

A full line of hand- and bench-mounted
wire strippers is illustrated and described in an eight-page brochure.
[450]
Encoding switch. Maxi-Switch Co., 3121
Washington Ave., Minneapolis 55411.
A catalog sheet describes a simplified
pushbutton encoding switch. [491]
Slide switches. Chicago Switch Inc.,
2035 Wabansia Ave., Chicago 60647.
A two-page data sheet contains photos,
dimensional drawings, features, andspecifications on two subminiature slide
switches. [451]Computer systems. Varian Data Systems, 611 Hansen Way, Palo Alto,
Calif. 94303. A 20-page illustrated
booklet describes the SpectroSystem
100/200 family of laboratory dataprocessing systems. [452]Transducer data. Trans-Sonics Inc.,
Burlington, Mass. 01803. A large summary chart lists the characteristics ofthe firm's standard surface-type temperature transducers. [453]
Fluid analyzer. Gam Rad Inc., 16825
Wyoming Ave., Detroit 48221. Bulletin

T-200 completely describes fluid analyzer model 370A. [454]
Bobbin winding attachment. Universal
Manufacturing Co., 1168 Grove St.,
Irvington, N.J. 07111. A two-page bulletin illustrates and describes a quick
twist-locking
interchangeable bobbin
winding attachment for models 2S andLS machines. [456]Dual plug-in supplies. RO Associates
Inc., 3705 Haven Ave., Menlo Park,
Calif. 94025. Features and specifitions for dual plug-in supplies for analog circuits and Nixie tubes are givenin acatalog sheet. [457]
Synchro digital converter. Northern
Precision Laboratories Inc., 202 Fairfield Road, Fairfield, N.J. 07006. A 72page catalog details pertinent data on
a line of standard electromechanicalsynch ro-to-digita Iconverters. [458]
Diced chip capacitors. American Lava
Corp., Manufacturers Road, Chattanooga, Tenn. 37405.
Bulletin 689
covers a line of AlSiMag diced chip capacitors. [459]
Digital indicators. Consolidated Controls

CERMET TRIMMERS
Series 340 Top Adjust 1/4" x 1/4" x .220"
Cermet Trimmer

Series 360 Side Adjust 7/16" x 17/64" x 25/64"
Snap-in Type Cermet Trimmer

NEW FROM CTS

NEW FROM CTS$1.25 ea. in 1,000 lots down to
93c ea. in 50,000 lots.

$1.04 ea. in 1,000 lots down to
80c ea. in 50,000 lots.
5012 through 1megohm.

50 n through 500K 12.
+20% tolerance.

±20% tolerance.

3/4 watt @ 25°C; 1/2 watt © 85°C, derated to no load @ 150°C.

1watt @ 25°C; 1/2 watt @ 85°C, derated to no load (4), 125°C.

Single turn.

Single turn.
Prototype Quantities From Stock.

Prototype Quantities From Stock.

Production Quantities: 4-6 weeks.

Production Quantities: 4-6 weeks.

Order from: CTS of Berne, Inc., Berne, Indiana 46711.
(219) 589-3111.

Order from: CTS of Berne, Inc., Berne, Indiana 46711.
•(219) 589-3111.

CTS CORPORATIONFounded 1896

192

CTS CORPORATIONFounded 1896

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Corp., 15 Durant Ave., Bethel, Conn.
06801. Digital indicators for direct
readout of pressure and temperature
are described in a four-page brochure.
[460]
Delay lines. JFD Electronics Co., 15th
Ave. at 62nd St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 11219,
has available a 12-page catalog on its
fixed, variable, lumped constant, anddistributed constant electromagnetic
delay lines. [462]Electronic comparators. Techlab Engineering Division, The Potter Co., 3216
W. North Ave., Stone Park, Ill. 60165.
Models 202 and 203 electronic comparators, which provide electronic gaging for rapid production and quality
control inspection, are described in afour-page bulletin. [463]Precision instrumentation. RobinsonHalpern Co., 5 Union Hill Rd., WestConshohocken, Pa. 19428, has published a short-form catalog on a lineof precision instrumentation for measurement and control. [464]Visual image processing. Information
International, 11161 West Pico Blvd.,
Los Angeles 90064. A 12-page color

brochure describes and illustrates visual image processing via computerbased optical systems. [465]available literature giving complete information on an economical, failsafe
system for the mixing of two-part epoxy
and polyurethane potting, coating or
adhesive resins. [470]Jacks and panels. Switchcraft Inc.,
5555 N. Elston Ave., Chicago 60630.
Product bulletin No. 180 describes theseries TT compact telephone-type jacks
and panels. [466]Silicon transistors. Raytheon Co., Semiconductor Operation, 350 Ellis St.,
Mountain View, Calif. 94040, offers a
74-page catalog describing nearly 400
types of high reliability silicon transistors. [471]Radio interference filters. Genisco Technology Corp., 18435 Susana Rd., Compton, Calif. 90221, has released a catalog covering a complete line of shielded
enclosure and ground support equipment filters. [467]Servomotors. Honeywell Inc., Grenier
Field, Manchester, N.H. 03105. Two
product sheets describe the HSM30
and HSM100 high-performance, directcurrent servomotors. [472]Flat ribbon cable. Spectra-Strip Corp.,
P.O. Box 415, Garden Grove, Calif.
92642. Bulletin 060 describes crosslinked PVC flat ribbon cable. [468]Circuit protectors. Airpax Electronics
Inc., Cambridge, Md. 21613. Bulletin
16E-14 contains detailed information
on single and multipole electromagnetic panel mount circuit protectors ofthe molded phenolic case type. [473]Low-frequency network analysis. Hewlett-Packard Co., 1501 Page Mill Rd.,
Palo Alto, Calif. 94304. How to determine network transfer and insertion
characteristics over a 10 khz-32 Mhz
swept frequency range is described ina 13-page application note. [469]

Substrate screening. Aremco Products
Inc., P.O. Box 145, Briarcliff Manor,
N.Y. 10510. Product bulletin 3200 describes the Mech-Pak 3200, a mechanization system for screen printing microcircuit substrates. [474]Resin mixing system. Fenwal Inc., 414
Main St., Ashland, Mass. 01721, has

CERMET TRIMMERS
Series 165-3/8" x3/8" x 13/64" Cermet Trimmer

Series 190-3/4" x .160" x .310" Cermet Trimmer

NEW FROM CTS

NEW FROM CTS$3.25 ea. in 1,000 lots down to$2.56 ea. in 50,000 lots.

$1.24 ea. in 1,000 lots down to98c ea. in 50,000 lots.

50 1/ through 1megohm.

5012 through 500K 12.

+20% tolerance.

+20% tolerance.

1/2 watt @, 85°C derated to no load @ 150°C.

1/2 watt @ 85°C derated to no load @ 125°C.

25 turns.

20 turns.
Prototype Quantities From Stock.

Prototype Quantities From Stock.

Production Quantities: 4-6 weeks.

Production Quantities: 4-6 weeks.

Order from: CTS of Berne, Inc., Berne, Indiana 46711.
•(219) 589-3111.
eOrder from: CTS of Berne, Inc., Berne, Indiana 46711.
(219) 589-3111.

Founded 1896

Founded 1896

CTS CORPORATIONElectronics IMarch 17, 1969

CTS CORPORATION
Circle 193 on reader service card

193

EMPLOYMENTOPPORTUNITIES

eiecironics
At the Westinghouse R & D Centerin Pittsburgh, Power Electronics
plays amore vital role in our activities than ever before. Directed toboth future growth and to the addition of new products, the variety ofchallenging projects is acommentary on our research commitments.
Projects of first priority include
high-power thyristor inverters, highfrequency inverters, thyristor powerswitches, power regulators, thyristor motor drives, high power cycloconverters, frequency changers,
firing circuits, logic and control circuits and advanced power conditioning.
Informal personal association withoutstanding scientists and engineers is enhanced by our first classtechnical facilities. Innovational
thinking and participation in seminars is highly encouraged. Rounding out the picture...a most
attractive suburban locale withsuperb educational, cultural andshopping facilties and afull rangeof company benefits.
If your interests are in alignment
with our objectives and you possess
adegree in Electrical Engineeringwith experience in solid state circuitry,
please send confidential resume to:
MR. C. CRISPEL. DEPT. E-317

Westinghouse
Research and Development Center
Beulah Road, Churchill Borough,Pittsburgh,Penna.15235

ADDRESS BOX NO. REPLIES TO: Box No.
Classified Adv. Dept. of this publication.
Send to office nearest you.
NEW YORK, N. Y. 10036: P. 0. Boa 12
CHICAGO, III. 60611: 645 N. Michigan Ave.
SAN FRANCISCO, Cal. 94111: 256 California St.
POSITION VACANT
Graduate electrical engineer with approximately five years' experience in industrial
process and systems control. Excellent opportunity with medium-sized company inmetals fabrication field—Detroit location.
P-7747, Electronics.
EMPLOYMENT SERVICES
Florida/Nationwide EEs, MEs, IEs . . . Elearonic, Aerospace, Industrial, Sales & Mfg.
$9-18,000. Tech Div Brodeur Personnel Serv•ce, Inc., 3947 Blvd., Center Drive, Jacksonville, Fla. 32207

Available In 3sizes
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catalogofswitchpanels,

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GADGETEERS SURPLUS ELECTRONICS, Inc.
5300 Vine St. Cincinnati, Ohio 45217
CIRCLE 969 ON READER SERVICE CARD

W. GERMAN ELECTRONIC CO.
seeks business connections.
We do quality specialty work.
Please contact:
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2345 Patterson Street, Eugene, Oregon
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BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY
Capital Contacts Before you try Public or
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194

Electronics

March 17, 1969

Looking fora better job?
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Ask Electronics'computer all about it
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all your data with the specific manpower needs of electronics companies. When a match is made, you will beElectronics has joined with a nation-wide talent
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(111. 1,_à(d131.MaÉollnYel

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196

NO OR
FEES
CHARGESEMR-12

Circle 197 on reader service card -÷oar ronare world leadersin Dynamic Response
Measurement.
On the British Concorde. And theConcorde. Solartron dynamic response
measuring instruments were chosen to test
the component characteristics of the aircraft
systems. Both manually, during design, andautomatically, during production tests.
The principal instrument used was
Solartron's Digital Transfer Function
Analyzer. It tested the mechanical systems-hydraulic and pneumatic actuators,
ailerons, and the lowering and raising of
the nose.
And to test the flight system -autopilot,
autostabilizer, engine control systems, andother units requiring a.c. suppressed carrier

facilities-the `TFA' was coupled to Solartron's
Modulator Demodulator. Where special
excitation conditions were needed -so was
Solartron's Mechanical Reference
Synchronizer.
Because of its total capability in the
Frequency Domain, it was equipment from
Solartron that was used to make therequired tests.
But now consider the possibilities ofDynamic Response Measurement in theother domain -Time.
See Solartron's Time and Frequency
Domain equipment on Marconi Stand
No. 2D02 -2D08 at IEEE.

Time Domain Measurement.
In systems which operate
in real time, impulse response
testing offers an importantalternative to traditional
methods of Frequency
Response Measurement.
Measurements carried out in

the Time Domain are important
to engineers working inalmost any industrial field.
Solartron now introduce
two new instruments whichenable Time Domain measurements to be taken -JM 1861

Programmable Pseudo Random
Binary Sequence Generator(with optional Active Filter
Unit JX 1862). And the JM 1860
Time Domain Analyzer (withstatistical measurement capability, down to zero frequency).

Application
Nuclear

JM 1860(.)2 0<doe

Chemical

1.11111.1111 41111111.

Automobile

4•\e, ......0 mom
ISM

4. dikeCommunication

IMittWei
JM 1861

Militaryicàleaw

Frequency Response Measurement. 4---0011
ffleg.$111-,

r

di

401

JM1600••••••0,2L OA

gs.

If, on the other hand, youjust want frequency response,
we give you complete systemcapability in both manual or
fully automatic operationalmodes.
We have input/output
interface modules for systemcommunication with any
peripheral -from digital

SOLARTRON

ASchlumberger Company
Aforce to reckon with

da,Alb 4Ib.
t
edledlop;pw

computer to analogue X/Yplotters.
Contact your nearest
Schlumberger company or
write for full details to us
at Solartron. If you can meetus at the IEEE we will bepleased to answer your queries.
We don't measure the time
we spend on your problem.

4 11.

JF1601

USA Marconi Instruments Inc

Switzerland Schlumberger

Austria Schlumberger

111 Cedar Lane Englewood

15 rue du Jeu de l'Arc 1211 Genève6
Boite Postale 189 Tel: 35.99.50

Tivoligasse 50 and 74 1120 Wien

New Jersey 07631 Tel: 201.576.0607

Tel: 83.54.91
Italy Schlumberger Divisione

Group Ltd FarnboroughFrance Schlumberger Diffusion
Internationale 241 avenue Gambetta

Hampshire England Tel: 44433

Paris 20 eme Tel: 797.57.69

20148 Milano Tel: 36.71.87

West Germany Schlumberger
8000 Munchen 15 Bayerstrasse 13

Sweden Schlumberger
Vesslevagen 2-4 Lidingo 1

Tel: 55.82.01(Stockholm) Tel: 765.28.55

U.K. The Solartron Electronic

Circle 198 on reader service card

Strumentazione Via Veniero 7
Schlumberger products are marketed in 64 territories throughout the world by associate companies within Schlumberger Limited, or by agents.

International Newsletter
March 17, 1969

Fujitsu and Hitachi
first in Japan
with minicomputers

Soviets postpone
foreign IC show

Signetics to makeIC's in Britain

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

With the introduction of machines by Fujitsu and Hitachi, the minicomputer age has burst into full bloom in Japan. Other companies—
members of Japan's "big six" computer makers as well as others—are
expected to announce similar machines within the next few months.
First to hit the market—deliveries start in May—will be Fujitsu's Facommodel R. Slated to sell for $11,100, the model R is aimed at every onor off-line function for which small, general-purpose computers might
be suitable except business applications. It features a 16-bit word with
one parity bit, amemory capacity of aminimum of 1,000 words and amaximum of 32,000, and a cycle time of 1.5 microseconds. Add andsubtract time is 6 ewe; input/output data rate is 800,000 bytes per
psec. The price includes the basic main frame (which can hold up to
4,000 words of memory) and 1,000 words of memory. Fujitsu also saysthat up to 255 peripheral units can be operated with the computer.
Computer-aided design was used extensively on the model R, says
the company, adding that the machine is built around TTL IC's andmultilayer printed-circuit boards. Construction is modular.
Hitachi's computer, called the Hitac-10, will sell for $13,000. Deliveries
will start in October. Hitachi is promoting its machine for off-line nonbusiness applications; it also offers four types of a-d converters which
will enable the computer to process analog data. For straight computation, the standard input/output unit is atypewriter. The price includes
the typewriter and 4,000 words of memory. Up to 8,000 words will fit
in the machine's frame.
The Hitac's basic cycle time is 1.4 Lsec for 16 bits; add time is 2.8
esec per word. The basic software includes programs for Fortran, desk
calculator, assembler, macro assembler, and sub routines.

The Soviet Union has postponed for six months the Mashintegralschema"invitation only" trade show for integrated circuits and IC production
equipment. Originally the show was scheduled for June [Electronics,
Jan. 6, p. 249]; now it's been put off to next January.
The Soviets say they postponed the show because it would have cometoo soon after abig automation show in May. Another reason: some 50
American firms were invited to Mashintegralschema, and few of themso far have accepted.
Starting with aBritish IC assembly and test operation in May, Signetics
plans to expand its operations in Western Europe. It aims to eventuallyconstruct aplant in aCommon Market country.
The British operation will add diffusion processing and full manufacturing when a20,000-square-foot plant in Scotland is completed, probably sometime next year. Signetics currently claims 5% of British IC
sales, and it has decided that further market penetration requires a
British manufacturing base to provide local service and to attract thosecustomers determined to buy British.
Signetics joins Texas Instruments, STC Semiconductors, Transitron
Electronics, and General Instrument among U.S.-owned microcircuitmakers in Britain. General Instrument is about to start manufacturing
MOS circuits on asmall scale in Scotland.
199

International Newsletter
Toshiba tv camera
offers 3innovations

East Germans
adopt Secam

Romania builds
corn puterizedrubber plantHybrid audio IC
puts out 50 watts

200

The under-$1,000 color tv camera Toshiba will introduce at the IEEE
show will incorporate what the company hails as three major innovations. The camera itself is a separate luminance type in which one of
two vidicons delivers the luminance signal while the other takes careof the color signal.
The first innovation claimed by Toshiba is a new and inexpensive
prism-type optical system for separating colors. Second, a2/3-inch vidicon
has been developed especially for color. And finally, new solid state
circuits have been developed and put together to simplify the camera's
electronics.
The camera is self-contained; it requires no separate control unit andneeds only one cable to connect it with areceiver. Conventional color
tv cameras, says Toshiba, need nearly 100 wires and cables to link thecamera head and control unit. Toshiba's camera measures 11 by 4 by
7 inches, weighs 10 pounds, and operates on conventional householdline power.
The spirit of Bismarck is dead. East Germany has turned its back on
the West German PAL color tv system and has decided instead toembrace the rival French Secam system, championed in the Eastern
bloc by the Soviet Union.
East German and French officials signed acolor tv agreement at the
Leipzig Spring Fair. In addition to an exchange of patents and licenses,
the deal calls for East Germany to promote Secam in "interested" countries, meaning the remaining unsigned Soviet bloc nations. So far, only
Russia and East Germany have officially adopted the French system,
but Hungary has started experimental Secam broadcasts and is likely
to be the third to sign up.
None of these countries figure to be mass markets for color sets
for some time. West German experts think the East Germans will try
to start color broadcasts on Oct. 7to mark the 20th anniversary of theircountry's founding. But they'll almost certainly have to do it with sets
imported from France, according to these experts.
Romania is building acomputer-controlled rubber processing and manufacturing plant—the first such facility in Eastern Europe. A Siemens 305
process controller will handle production planning and meter raw materials after picking the appropriate recipe from among the 350 that canbe used. Actual weighing will be done by 55 electromechanical scales
driven by thyristor-controlled d-c motors.
After this weighing function, the computer will control the flow ofmaterials to various machines in the plant and will record the production times and costs for each of the 20,000 different kinds of products
to be turned out.
Japan's Sanken Electric Co. appears to have taken the lead in the competition for the world's highest-capacity integrated circuit. Sanken's circuit—a hybrid—puts into an 80 by 45 by 20 millimeter package all thecomponents for a50-watt audio amplifier—the capacitors included. The
only external connections are to the power supply, the speaker and its
series electrolytic capacitor, and the input. Sanken designed the IC for
stereo hi-fi sets.
Electronics jMarch 17, 1969Electronics International

March 17,1969

Lufthansa ready to fly its Boeing 707's
with domestic throttle-control system
Analog computer keeps steady hand on the throttle, holds preset speed
within two knots, shifts to special program when flaps go down

When the airline Deutsche Luft- ation Administration, has approved
hansa announced last month that it the system, the airline has awarded
would install automatic throttle- Bodenseewerk acontract for $650,control systems on all its Boeing 000 worth of throttle control sys707 jets it hardly seemed news. tems. This firm, asubsidiary of the
Simple throttle control systems Perkin-Elmer Corp. started serial
were used on military aircraft even production last month. The conbefore World War II, and lately troller will be installed on each of
they've been turning up on large Lufthansa's 21 Boeing 707's. The
passenger aircraft as well. Britain's system, called FVR 02, costs about
Trident jets have them, for ex- $22,000.
ample, and so do Douglas DC-9's.
The controller is built around an
But there was more to the an- analog computer whose basic input
nouncement than there seemed to is asignal from a comparison cirbe. Instead of buying U.S.-made cuit in the airspeed indicator. The
avionics as it usually does, the Ger- signal represents the difference beman airline settled on a domestic tween the actual airspeed and thedesign. Because it couldn't get airspeed that the pilot selects andwhat it wanted elsewhere, Luft- sets on the system's control panel.
hansa teanied up with BodenseeIn addition to conventional cirwerk Geraetetechnik GmbH to de- cuitry, the computer has an accelervelop a system that can control ometer that senses any velocity
speed closely and yet not keep the changes picked up by the airspeed
throttle fluttering. The Bodensee- tube. By combining this with pitch
werk system keeps speed within 2 angle data from the aircraft's verknots of the preset value in turbu- tical gyro, the accelerometer prolent weather and within 0.5 knot duces an output that keeps thewhen the flying's smooth. At the throttle system from reacting tosame time throttle activity—hard to small decelerations—those caused
express quantitatively—is about by wind gusts, for example. It can
one-fourth that for planes fitted also sense changes in gravity aswith other ±2-knot control sys- small as 0.18 G.
tems, Bodenseewerk maintains.
Flappable. In a filter network
But that's not all. The system that is also part of the computer,features a landing flap program the outputs from the accelerometerthat handles speed control during and from the airspeed indicator are
aircraft descent and landing. In ad- added. The sum is then amplified
dition to that, it has what is termed and becomes the control signal for
athreshold-speed program that be- the throttle-lever servo motor. It
comes effective when the airspeed positions the plane's four throttle
drops below the preset value.
levers to maintain the selected airCertified. Lufthansa has flight- speed.
tested the prototype systems for
The landing flap program bemore than 4,000 hours. Now that comes effective as soon as the airthe Luftfahrt-Bundesamt, a Ger- speed drops because the landing
man government agency roughly gear has been lowered or the landequivalent to the U.S. Federal Avi- ing flaps extended. The system auElectronics IMarch 17, 1969

tomatically takes care of speed adjustments that the pilot would
normally execute which his throttles during landing.
Prior to adescent, the pilot setsa counter on the control panel tothe aircraft's landing speed. Landing flap position information coming from sensors is fed to the control panel, which determines the
speed that matches the flap position. This speed is then fed to theairspeed indicator where it is compared with the actual speed. The
indicator's output is then processed
as before.
Keeping up. The system's threshold-speed program comes into playwhen the aircraft velocity drops 2

le

AUTO

TNROTTLE,•

No hands. Control panel of automatic
throttle for Boeing 707 mounts justforward of throttles themselves.
201

Electronics International
component at the Semiconductor
Device Research meeting, sponsored by the German section of
the IEEE, to be held at Munich next
week.
Mylar. The basic material usedin the device is an indium-antimonide chip about 50 microns thick.
Either one or both surfaces of thechip are covered with a 4-micron
mylar film which acts as the dielectric.
The process involves three fields:a magnetic field, required for setting up the depletion layer; an electric field, required for getting current to flow in the first place; and,
finally, the field-effect field which,when controlled, influences the I-V
curves.
A magnetic field of about 10 kilogauss produces the depletion layer.
That field, which is oriented so thatits lines are transverse to the direction of current flow through thedevice, acts to reduce the charge
carriers—an effect caused by the recombination of holes and electrons
on surfaces that are parallel to themagnetic field.
With an electric field of about 10
volts/cm applied across the chip,
the depletion layer alters thePlaying the field
curve. The amount of deformation,
Circuit designers may soon have a or nonlinearity, is afunction of the
new kind of device to work with—a magnetic field strength.
semiconductor whose depletion
Varying. The depletion layer, andlayer is magnetically induced and thus the current-voltage characteris controlled by the field-effect.
istic, is further influenced by varyChanges in the field-effect field ing the device's recombination vechange the current-voltage charac- locity at its surfaces. This, in turn,teristic curves of the device so that is accomplished by controlling the
it's suitable for use as arectifier, a the field-effect which is set up bycontrol amplifier, or oscillator.
applying a voltage across the diIn particular, the new component electric.
could supplement, or even replace,
Changing the field-effect field infield plates, "Sony diodes," [Elec- steps generates afamily of currenttronics, May 15, 1967, p. 233 and voltage characteristic curves that
Apr. 15, 1968, p. 246] and like com- deviate from astraight line accordponents that are sensitive to mag- ing to the polarity and strength of
the field. For example, a field of
netic-fields.
With the new device, better con- —9 X 105volts/cm sets up anearly
characteristic curve,
trol of the magnetic barrier effect straight
can be achieved. For one thing, similar to that across aresistor. As
control occurs without power dissi- the negative field strength is repation. For another, any light or duced, the curve gradually deforms
other radiation that might hit the into a back-characteristic curve,
semiconductor surfaces doesn't af- one that is typical for ap-n junction. The deformation becomes
fect the control.
Eklcehard Preuss, a scientist at more pronounced as the field's poSiemens AG's research laboratories larity is made positive and as its
at Erlangen, will report on the new strength is increased.
knots or more below the value
that's set on the control panel. Such
speed drops can occur as aresultof head-on winds that last for
longer periods than do short gusts.
Normally, such conditions arecounteracted by appropriate throttle movements by the pilot. The
new controller, however, reacts byautomatically going into the acceleration control mode.
In that mode, a boost voltage
stored in the computer is fed—together with the input from the filter—to the computer's amplifier. Its
output then drives the servo motor
to advance the throttle levers until
the aircraft's increasing acceleration gives the accelerometer an output that cancels the boost voltage.
Then, the system switches from theacceleration control mode back into
the speed control mode.
The computer is made up of
plug-in circuit boards with solidstate components. Some of thecomponents are hybrid integrated
circuits. The computer has a selfcheck feature that localizes component failures.

202

Great Britain
On the ballTo the human eye the surface ofanewly produced ball bearing may
appear perfectly round and free of
irregularities. But amicroscope willshow that production may have left
surface marks and scratches that
could damage both the bearing andthe machine in which it is assembled.
As ball-bearing production techniques improve, it's becoming necessary to spot those irregularities
with testing equipment more sensitive than the microscope. So the
Hoffmann Manufacturing Co. of
Chelmsford has built an electronic
tester, about the size of an office
desk, that measures irregularities
on bearing balls ranging in diameter from 1/
8 to 1inch.
Big picture. The traditional microscope tester detects irregularities
only by section, and its sensitivity
is limited. Hoffman's "Assessor"
scans the ball's complete surface
and electronically records areportof total irregularity. Ultimately,
this helps produce better balls andmuch quieter machines, says Hoffmann.
The ball is held in a90° vee gageby three sapphire inserts. The stylus of avery sensitive displacement
pickup contacts the ball. The ballis then rotated 2.7 times per second
by a vacuum drive attached to arod which is coupled to an electricmotor and variable-speed gear
drive. As the ball rotates, an electric signal, varying in amplitudeand frequency, is produced by the
pickup to measure the running
qualities of the ball.
The signal from the pickup—adifferential transformer—is 1 voltfor 1microinch of stylus movement.
This signal is amplified, passed
through four bandpass filters, anddivided into four contiguous frequency bands spanning 1.5 octaves
apiece. Each band can be related
to the various stages of production.
Banding together. The actual
coverage of each band is:•Two to six irregularities per
revolution (1PR) on 5.4 hertz to 16hz, measuring initial shaping stageof production.
Electronics IMarch 17, 1969Electronics International• Six to 18 IPR on 16 hz to 48.5hz, measuring grinding stage.
• Eighteen to 54 IPR on 48.5 hz
to
146
hz,
measuringlarge
scratches acquired during handlingstage.
•Fifty-four to 162 IPR on 146 hz
to 437 hz, measuring fine scratches.
Outputs from the frequency filters are displayed on four meters,
which indicate the average diameter change in microinches of theball in each of the frequency bands.
A typical set of readings from agood quality 3/ -inch ball would be:4
1pinch in the 2-to-6 IPR band; 0.3,uinch in the 6-to-18 IPR band; 0.25
pinch in the 54-to-162 IPR band.
Results of the tests are also displayed on cathode-ray tubes. The
irregularities, shown as concentric
circles, are magnified a maximumof 250,000 times.

Japan
Beating the beatThe scene on the screen should
start to get better for ground-floor
television viewers in Japan by early
April. Then, at least 10 Japanesecompanies will be selling low-costbranching units to tie sets into common antenna systems.
The branching unit is built
around apair of ferrite circulators,
which make it hard for aset's local
oscillator to feed spurious radiationback into the antenna line. At the26.75-megahertz intermediate frequency used in Japan, the local oscillator output gets within the frequency band of channels 8 to 12
when the set is tuned to channels
4to 8.
Some European televiewers havea similar interference problem. In
the U.S., however, where the i-f is
40 Mhz, there's no problem in thevhf band, but there could be one in
uhf and in community-antenna television systems.
So far, directional couplers havebeen used to prevent spurious radiation, but they've performed inadequately especially for color sets,
where beat lines are particularly
annoying. Much of the trouble withcouplers comes from the highElectronics IMarch 17, 1969

MAGNET
BROADBANDELEMENT

Broadband. A single series-resonant
circuit (the inductance capacitancecombination connected to ground)gives the circulator a broad band ofhigh reverse attenuation and at the

TO COAXTERMINAL
PRINTEDCONNECTOR
MESH

same time makes possible acircuit
layout that lets low vhf signals(shown dotted) go through.

standing-wave ratio of ordinarycommon-antenna systems. The swr
cuts the normal 25-decibel reverse
attenuation of the coupler to 10 db
BROADBAND
or even 6 db. For really good proELEMENT
tection against interference, a coupling system should have about 50
db reverse attenuation.
MAGNET
Looking forward. And in the forward direction—from the antenna
Traffic circle. Low cost branching unit
into the set—the coupler has a for common tv antenna systems is built
drawback. There's attenuation eacharound a pair of small circulators liketime the common antenna line isthis one. Conductor mesh is printed ontapped; in afive-story dwelling, for substrate with plated-through holes toexample, the tv set of a family anhandle crossovers.
the ground floor can get a signal
that's 10 db down compared to thesignal picked up by the top-floor ferrite circulator.
tenants.
In print. In its early circulators,
With the circulator, the couplingNM( actually interwove the connecloss is just about constant all along
tors to obtain the mesh. The units
the line. Better still, the reverse atthat are going into the production
tenuation is higher than 50 db for have printed connections withthe upper vhf channels, whereplated-through holes in the subthere's an interference problem.
strate to get the equivalent of a
Nihon Hoso Kyokai (NHK), themesh at low cost. The ferrite cores
Japan Broadcasting Corp., develused in the circulators are 10 millioped the circulator. It's made up of meters in diameter; an assembled
a mesh of conductors sandwichedcirculator measures about 12 by 13
between apair of ferrite cores that by 15 mm.
are sheathed with apair of copper
A complete branching unit isplates. To broadband the circula- formed by mating apair of circulator, aseries LC circuit is connected
tors to a balun and a coupling
between one of the copper plates
transformer. The balun, whichand ground. Without the broadmatches the unbalanced 75-ohm
band element, there would be a circulator to the balanced 300-ohm
high forward attenuation for the
tv input, is made up of ferrite slabs
lower half of the uhf band and for and a copper plate rather than thethe f-m radio band. And, of course,
conventional ferrite core withthere's amagnet to set up the mag- windings on it. The coupling transnetic field that is necessary for a former too, was specially designed.
203

Electronics International
For its display tubes, Hayakawa
made its already small Digitroneven smaller-0.35-inch in diameter.
For its LSI logic packages, theJapanese company will turn to Autonetics first for the circuit packages themselves and later for theknow-how to build them [Electronics, Feb. 17, p. 215].
Quartet. Although its experimenCountdown
tal version of the small LSI calcuAfter as many false starts and hesi- lator had 11 metal-oxide-semicontations as a nervous rookie might ductor packages, Autonetics andHayakawa have managed to packmake trying to get under ahigh pop
fly on awindy day, the Hayakawa all the logic in four moS packages,
Electric Co. has settled on adesign which average 780 elements each.
Along with the LSI packages there
for its LSI miniature calculator.
Hayakawa will have aprototype are two mos integrated circuits—
to show at the annual convention a clock generator and a display
and exhibition of the Institute of driver.
Design of the LSI packages was
Electrical and Electronics Engineers in New York next week. Sales eased by Hayakawa's decision to
are tentatively scheduled to start adopt four-phase logic. This technique speeds up mOS switchingin August.
The calculator is 9.8 by 5.3 by 2.7 and cuts the drain on the power
inches; it weighs just alittle more supply down to the point where
than 3pounds. It can add, subtract, the resistance of the mOS transistors in the LSI isn't a determining
multiply, divide, and then display
up to eight digits. But there's a factor [Electronics, Feb. 17, p. 107].
decimal-point callback that stores So the transistors can be small.
Just as important, they can all be
the point position out to 16 digits
during calculations. That way, the the same size, which makes compoint ends up in the right place puter-aided-circuit design muchwhen the answer is rounded off to easier. The four-phase logic design
developed by Hayakawa was theeight significant figures.
It is simply aferrite core with threeturns of afive-wire bundle on it.
The whole unit, NHK says, can beproduced to sell for about $3.50
initially and much less than thatlater on when the companies making it reach mass production.

springboard that enabled Autonetics to work out circuits with apacking density of 85 to 90 elements per square millimeter. Hayakawa's experimental calculators
had IC's with something like 15
elements per square mm.
Division. The logic tasks are split
up among the four packages. The
first, called the NRD 2256, handles
the display and numerical read-in
functions. Decimal-point control istaken care of by the second circuit, the DC 2266. The third, AU
2276, handles digital addition andregister input control. The fourth,the Ac 2266, rides herd on the arithmetic and provides the registers.
The logic half of the computer—the four LSI packages and the two
MoS IC's—has acircuit board to itself; so does the display half of themachine with its eight tiny indicator tubes and their drive circuits.
The display tubes draw somepower-15 milliamps at 55 volts forthe anodes and 60 ma at 8volts forthe filaments—and they are controlled by three hybrid circuit modules, each with six two-transistor
circuits. The tubes are operated in
the time-division mode that Hayakawa pioneered for small electronic
calculators. [Electronics, March 20,
1967, p. 241].

Building blocks. Hayakawa's LSI calculator carries all its logic circuits and display circuits on two small printed
circuit boards. Large.r board takes care of the four MOS LSI packages plus an IC clock and an IC display driver.
Smaller board has the display tubes and their hybrid drive packages. Undersides of boards have only wiring on them.
204

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969Electronics advertisers•Acoplan Corp.
188
Mort Barish Associates
Adret Eiectronique
40E
Perez Publicite
AEG-Telefunken
179
Alcatel
33E
Agence Rene Sicard
Alco Electronic Products, Inc. 163, 165, 167
Marketronics Adv.
Allen-Bradley Co.
27, 164
Fensholt Adv. Agcy.
American Engraving, Inc.
178
Page-Lacy Agency
AMF-Alexandria Div.
Applied Cybernetics
190
E. G. White Adv., Inc.
American Optical Corp.
76
Fuller & Smith & Ross, Inc.
American Optical Corp.,
Space Defense Group146
Fuller & Smith & Ross, Inc.
•AMP, Incorporated
22, 23
Garceau, Hallahan & McCullough, Inc.
•Amperex Electronics Corp.,
Div. of North American Philips Co.
143
Sam Graden, Inc.
•Amperite Co.
126
H. J. Gold Co.
Anaconda American Brass Co.,
Fabricated Metal Goods Div.
19
Wilson, Haight & Welch, Inc.
Andrew Corp.
72
Fensholt Adv., Inc.
•A. P. I. Instruments
182
George Z. Griswold Adv.
Applied Materials
63, 65, 67
Hall Butler Blatherwick, Inc.
Associated Testing Laboratories, Inc.
191
Murray Heyert Associates
is Babcock Relays Div. of
Babcock Electronics Corp.
57
Jansen Assoc., Inc.
• Barnes Engineering Co.
186
Albert A. Kohler Co., Inc.
Beckman Instruments, Inc.,
Cedar Grove Operations
64
Lescarboura Adv., Inc.
• Beckman Instruments, Inc., Helipot Div. 82
Hixson & Jorgensen, Inc.
Bendix Corp.
Electrical Components Div.
30, 31
MacManus, John & Adams, Inc.
Bendix Corp.,
Flight & Engine Instruments Div.
160
MacManus, John & Adams, Inc.
Bernard Goiay S.A.
22E
Langel Publicite
Boums, Inc. Trimpot Div.
168
Lester Co., The
Branson Instruments, Inc.,
industrial Div.
135
Van Sant Dugdale and Co., Inc.
Brush Instruments
Div. of Clevite Corp.
141
Carr Ligget Adv., Inc.
• Buckbee-Mears Co.
79
Midland Assoc., Inc.
• Bulova Watch Co.,Electronics Div.
134
Levy Adv. Assoc.
Burns & Towne, Inc.
56
Hall-Karmatz Assoc., Inc.
ri Burr-Brown Research Corp.
8E
N.A. Winter Adv. Agcy.
By-Buk Co.
158
Albert Frank Guenther Law Adv., Inc.
Carlsbad, N.M. Dept. of Development
Geha-Paskind & Assoc., Inc.
Chronetics, Inc.
J.S. Lanza & Assoc.
•Clevite Corp., Piezoelectric Div.
Carr Liggett Adv., Inc.
Cohu Electronics, Inc.
Erwin Wasey, Inc.
Collins Radio Co.
156,
John G. Burnett Adv.
• Computer Products Inc.
Grenman Assoc., Inc.
Control Products Div.,
Texas Instruments Incorporated
Horton, Church & Goff, Inc.
°CRC
IR P
CREI, Home Study Div. of the
McGraw-Hill Book Co.
Henry J. Kaufman Associates• CTS Corporation
192,
Reincke, Meyer & Finn, Inc.
• Dale Electronics, Inc.,SIOUX Div.
Swanson, Sinkey, Ellis, Inc. Adv.
Dana Laboratories, Inc.
Smith-Klitten, Inc.
Delco Radio,
Div. of General Motors Corp.
Campbell-Ewald Co.

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

163
136
191
16
157
26
131
28E
173
193

189
20, 21
12, 13

March 17, 1969

Delco Radio,
Div. of General Motors Corp.
147
MacBill/Ross, Inc.
Deringer Metallurgical Corp.
145
R.B. Advertising
Dia light Corp.
9
Michel Cather, Inc.
D Digital Development Corp.
30E
Management Communications
Consultants, Inc.
DuPont de Nemours & Co.,
Freon Div.
148
Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn, Inc.
Dynamic System Electronics
170
Craig Miller Advertising
Eastman Kodak Co.,
PCIM Market Development
Rumrill Hoyt, Inc.
Electro Products Laboratories, Inc.,
Transducer Div.
Grant, Schwenck & Baker, Inc.
Electronics Management Center, The
Slesar & Kanzer, Inc.
Emerson & Cuming, Inc.
Edwin F. Hall
Fairchild Semiconductor, Inc.
Chiat/Day, Inc.
Farinon ElectricJack Herrick Adv., Inc.
n Fe risol
Agence Domenach• Fluke Manufacturing Co., John
Bonfield Associates

159
189
166
165
59
7
19E
29

Gencom Division—Whittaker Corp.
167
A.D. Adams Adv., Inc.
aGeneral Electric Co.,
Specialty Control Div.
78
Robert S. Cragin, Inc.
General Radio Co.
2nd Cover
Horton Church & Goff, Inc.
General Resistance,
Div. of Chronetics
14
J.S. Lanza & Associates
Gertsch/Division of Singer Co.
28
Marylyn Ritchie & Assoc.
Heinemann Electric Co.
6
Thomas R. Sundheim, Inc.
le Hewlett Packard,
Frequency & Time Div.
2
Lennen & Newell, Inc.
• Hewlett Packard international Div.
1
Lennen Newell. Inc.
le Hewlett Packard, New Jersey Div.
81
McCarthy, Scelba, DiBiasi• Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto Div.
70
Lennen & Newell, Inc.
11 Hewlett Packard, Rockaway Div.
24
Culver Adv., Inc.
Honeywell Commercial Div.
55
Campbell Mithum, Inc.
Honeywell, Computer Control Div.
32
Creamer, Trowbridge Case & Basford, Inc.
• Industrial Test Equipment Co.
Mac Berman Associates
intertechnique
Public Service
ITT Electron Tube Div.
MacManus, John & Adams, Inc.
nJenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen.
D. Frenz Werbung
Johnson Co., E.F.
Martin Williams Adv.
Keithiey Instruments, Inc.
Bayless-Kerr Co.
D Kikusui Electronics Corp.
General Adv. Agcy.
• Lambda Electronics Corp.
Michel Cather, Inc.
• Lapp Insulator Co.
Wolff Associates
Ledex, Inc.
Yeck & Yeck, Inc.
Lockheed California
McCann-Erickson, Inc.
D LTT
Promotion Vente Publicite

171
24E
153
29E
183
152
34E
10, 11138
130
174

26 E & 27E• Magnecraft Electric Company
120
Mills, Fife & MacDonald Inc.
• Mallory & Company,
P.R. Mfg. Division
184
Aitkin-Kynett Company
Mallory Battery Company, Div. of
P.R. Mallory & Company Inc.
80
Needham, Harper & Steers Inc.
Marconi Instruments
176
McCarthy, Scelba & DiBiasi Adv. Agency
Inc.
Marconi & Co. Ltd.
Radio Communication Div.
32E
Hampshire House Ltd.
cMCB
25E
Dumesnil Publicite
McGraw Hill Professional& Reference Book Division
187

Midtex/Aemco
48
Chuck Ruhr Associates Advertising
Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co.
Mincom Division
122
Reachm McClinton & Company
Mohawk Data Science Corp.!
OEM Marketing
158
MacFarland Associates Inc.
Monarch Machine Tool Co.,
Edlund Division
150
Sabatino Advertising Inc.
Monsanto Company
25
Michel Cather Inc.
Motorola Semiconductor
Products Incorporated
17 & 18, 77
Lane & Bird Adv. Inc.
• National Electronics incorporated
Connor-Sager Associates
National Semiconductor
Corporation
Hall Butler'Blatherwick Inc.
New York State Electric &Gas Corporation
Rumrill-Hoyt Incorporateda North Atlantic industries Inc.
Ross Roy of New York Inc.
Northern Natural Gas Company
Bozell & Jacobs Inc.
• Nortronics Company Inc.,
OEM Division
Stral Advertising Company Inc.
Olympus Corporation
Kameny Associates, Inc.
Owens-Illinois Inc.
Meldrum and Fewsmith Inc.

172
119, 121
140
149
162
182

45
132

Pechiney St Gobaln
17E-18E
PEMA• Philbrick/Nexus Research Inc.
139
Culver Advertising Inc.
n Philco Ford Corporation
15E
Hal Lawrence Incorporated
Philco Ford Corporation
Sierra Electronics Operation
15
Hal Lawrence Incorporated
Phoenix Chamber of Commerce
172
Jennings & Thompson Advertising
Phoenix Data Inc.
178
Craig Miller Advertising• Power Designs Incorporated
208
Lescarboura Advertising Inc.
Radiation Incorporated
W.M. Zemp & Associates Inc.
Radio Corporation of America
Al Paul Lefton Company
Raytheon Company,
Components Division
Fuller & Smith & Ross Inc.
Reeves Instruments DivisionDuncan-Brooks Inc.

61
4th Cover58, 60, 62
71

D Schiumberger

Ltd. EMD
2E
Schiumberger SIS
4E
SodipaScientific Data Systems
50
Doyle Dane Bernbach Inc.
Sealectro Corporation
142
Lescarboura Advertising Inc.
Semcor Division Components Inc.
207
Marketing & Corporate Communications
Inc.
SESCOSEM
14E
Signetics Corp. Sub.
Corning Glass Works
113
Cunningham & Walsh Inc.
Silec Electronique
39E
Publicite Y Ch. Lambert
Sogie
36E
Etudes et Creatinos Publicitarie
Solartron Electronics Group Ltd.
197-198
Solartron Electronics Group Ltd.
3E
T.P. Brown Ltd.
n Solartron Electronics Group Ltd.
Digital instrumentation
7E
T.B. Browne Inc.
Solartron Electronics Group Ltd.
Hybrids
5E
T.B. Browne Inc.
• Sorensen Operation Raytheon Company 75
Urrutia & Hayes Inc.
Spectrum Control Inc.
174
Altman-Hall Associates.7 S.P. Eiettronica
12E, 13E
Studio Sergio Roseta
Sprague Electric Company, The
34
Harry P. Bridge Company• Superior Electric Co.
47
K.C. Shenton Company
Sweet's Industrial Information
Systems
68, 69J.J. Lane Inc.
Sylvania Electric Products Inc.,
Parts Division
5
Doyle Dane Bernbach Inc.
Sylvania Electric Products Inc.,
Electronic Components Group
37 to 44
Doyle, Dane, Bernbach Inc.

205

SERVICE MASTERHANDIESTHANDFULof service tools

ABC

Advertising Sales Staff

•-•
ABP

Frank E. LeBeau [212] 971-6464

Advertising Sales Manager"mg Pa,Tateisi Electronics Co. Ltd.
20, 21
Dai-lchi International Inc.
uTechnique et Produits
35E
Ste de Publicite de Films et deDocumentaries•Tektronix Inc.
123, 124
Dawson, Turner & Jenkins Inc.
Tempress ResearchCompany Inc.
3rd Cover
Hal Lawrence Inc.
•Texas Instruments Incorporated,
Components Group
46, 66
Don L. Baxter, Div. of Albert Frank.
Guenther Law Inc.
TRW Systems Group
175
Fuller & Smith & Ross Inc.
• 0 Transformer Electronics Co.
6E
Dacey Wolff & Weir
•Trygon Electronics Inc.
Kameny Associates Inc.
Tyco Laboratories Inc.
Instruments Division
Kenyon & Eckhardt Inc. Adv.

137
49

United Aircraft Electronic
Components
144
Cunningham & Walsh Inc. Advertising
United Systems Corporation
170
Advertising & Merchandising Inc.
University Laboratories Inc.
127
West Associates
aVactec Incorporated
Coleman & Associates Advertising

128

Wang Laboratories
Impact Advertising Inc.
oWatkins Johnson Company
Williams C. Estler Public Relations
Wavetek
Chapman, McQuiston, Michetti
AdvertisingaWhite Instruments Inc.
Wilson & Associates, The Art Studio,
Div. of Graphic Studios
Wiremold Company The
Charles Brunelle Company

129
11E
180
178
171

Xcelite Inc.
Harold Warner Advertising Inc.

206

Zippertubing Company
Edward S. Kellogg Company

172

F.J. Eberle, Manager
212-971-2557

23 essential tools at your fingertips in this lightweight (only 23/
4 lbs.), compact, easy-to-carry,roll-up kit. Contains long nose plier, diagonalplier, adjustable wrench, regular and stubby
plastic handles with these interchangeable
blades: 9 regular and 3 stubby nutdriver, 2slotted and 1 Phillips screwdriver, 2 reamer, 1
extension. Eyelets in plastic-coated canvas casepermit wall hanging. New elastic loop securesroll, eliminates need for tying.

194-196194

EQUIPMENT(Used or Surplus New)For SaleFishman, P. Co
Gadgeteers Surplus Electronics Inc.

194
194

Jorg, Otto
Radio Research Instrument Co.

194
194

lit For more information on complete productline see advertisement in the latest Electronics Buyer's Guide
ITJ Advertisers in Electronics International

many optional accessories:
Junior and Tee handles ... Additional nutdriver,
Phillips Si slotted screwdriver, and extension
blade sizes ... Allen hex type, Bristol multiple
spline, Frearson, Scrulox, and clutch head blades...Awl/Scriber...Chuck adaptors to use bladesin spiral ratchet drivers.
WRITE FOR CATALOG 166

Electronics Buyers' Guide
George F. Werner, General Manager
1212] 971-2310
Robert M. Denmead,
Midwest Regional Manager1312] MO 4-5800
William A. Capuzzi,
New York. New England District Manager[212] 971-3793
Regina Hera, Directory Manager[212] 971-2544
Thomas M. Egan, Production Manager[212] 971-3140

Circulation Departmentlsaaca Siegel, Manager [212] 971-6057
XCELITE, INC., 130 Bank St., Orchard Park, N. Y. 14127
In Canada contact Charles W. Pointon, Ltd.

206

Circle 206 on reader service card

Warren H. Gardner [215] LO 86161
Eastern Advertising Sales Manager
Atlanta, Ga. 30309: Michael H. Miller, 1375
Peachtree St., N.E.
[404] 892-2868
Boston, Mass. 02116: William S. Hodgkinson
McGraw-Hill Building, Copley Square[617] CO 2-1160
Cleveland, Ohio 44113: William J. Boyle, 55
Public Square, [216] SU 1-7000
New York, N.Y. 10036
500 Fifth Avenue
James R. Pierce [212] 971-3615
John A. Garland [212] 971-3617
Michael J. Stoller [212] 971-3616
Philadelphia, Pa. 19103:
Jeffrey M. Preston
Warren H. Gardner,
6 Penn Center Plaza,[215] LO 8-6161
Pittsburgh, Pa. 15222: Warren H. Gardner,
4 Gateway Center, [412] 391-1314
Rochester, N.Y. 14534: William J. Boyle,
9 Greylock Ridge, Pittsford, N.Y.
[716] 586-5040

Donald R. Furth (312) MO 4-5800
Midwest Advertising Sales Manager
Chicago, III. 60611: Kenneth E. Nickles
Ralph Henning, 645 North Michigan Avenue,[312] MO 4-5800
Dallas, Texas 75201: Richard P. Poole, 1800
Republic National Bank Tower,[214] RI 7-9721
Houston, Texas 77002: Robert Wallin,
2270 Humble Bldg. [713] CA 4-8381
Detroit, Michigan 48226: Ralph Harming,
856 Penobscot Building[313] 962-1793
Minneapolis, Minn. 55402: 1104 Northstar
Center [612] 332-7425
St. Louis, Mo. 63105: Kenneth E. Nickles,
The Clayton Tower, 7751 Carondelet Ave.
[314] PA 5-7285

James T. Hauptli [415] DO 2-4600
Western Advertising Sales Manager

Classified & Employment Advertising
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIESWestinghouse

Wallis Clarke [212] 971-2187
Assistant to sales manager
Donald J. Austermann 1212] 971-3139
Promotion Manager

Research Department
David Strassler, Manager [212] 971-6058

Denver, Colo. 80202: Joseph C. Page. David
M. Watson, Tower Bldg., 1700 Broadway[303] 255-5484
Los Angeles, Calif. 90017: len C. Hill,
John G. Zisch, 1125 W. 6th St.,1213] HU 2-5450
Portland, Ore. 97204: James T. Haunt'',
Thomas McElhinny, 218 Mohawk Building,222 S.W. Morrison Street,
Phone [503] 223-5118
San Francisco, Calif. 94111: James T. Haupt'',
Thomas McElhinny, 255 California Street,[415] DO 2-4600

Pierre Braude Tel: 225 85 88: Paris
European Director
Paris: Denis Jacob
88-90 Avenue Des Champs-Elysees, Paris 8
United Kingdom and Scandinavia

London: Oliver Ball, Tel: Hyde Park 1451

34 Dover Street, London W1
Milan: Robert Seidel
1 via Baracchmt Phone 86-90-656
Brussels: F.I.H. Huntiens
27 Rue Ducale Tel: 136503
Frankfurt/Main: Hans Haller
Elsa-Brandstroem Str. 2
Phone 72 01 81
Geneva: Denis Jacob
1, rue du Temple Phone: 31 95 60
Tokyo: Takeji Kinoshita, McGraw-Hill
Publications Overseas Corporation,
Kasumigaseki Building 2-5, 3-chome,
Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan[581] 9811
Osaka: Akihiko Kamesaka, McGraw-Hill
Publications Overseas Corporation, Kondo
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Business Department
Stephen R. Weiss, Production Manager[212] 971-2044
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Dorothy Carmesin, Contracts and Billings[212] 971-2908
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Electronics

March 17, 1969

This high quality device selling for $6.10 has these standard specifications:
Zener Voltage (V z): 9.4 Volts ±2%
Maximum Dynamic Impedance (Z r): 15 Ohms
Maximum Voltage Change Over Temperature Range(AV z over —55°C to +185°C): 115 mV
Average Temperature Coefficient: .005%/°C
It will be sent to you free attached to card on which all critical parameters of yourdevice have been recorded for you.

Operation Action Form
In what project will this device be used?
If this is a production project what quantity of Zener Reference
Elements do you anticipate using'

Name:

Position'

Company:

M/S .

Street .
City:
Phone:

State:

Zip .

Ext .

COMPONENTS,
SEMCORINC.

DIVISION

3540 W. OSBORN RD. / PHOENIX, ARIZONA 85019
PHONE 602-272-7671 / TWX 910-951-1381
Visit us at IEEE: Booths 4J 16-18

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

Circle 207 on reader service card

207

Digital readout; 4 places to 10 volts, 5places
to 20 volts, with sixth place interpolation
potentiometer.
0.1%+1MV calibration accuracy
0.001%+100

vstability per 8 hours

100 1.1v peak-to-peak ripple and noise
to 50MHzPOWER DESIGNS INC

Flashing overcurrent indicator (Model 2020)

VOt
15

Continuously adjustable current limiter
100 to/ regulation

AMPERES0.001%/°C temperature coefficient

10-20VO'"•/,„‘,VOLTAGEME .
FUN(.s.e.S.S.yry

te

•

•

15

,

300

VER

naEs

4

MODEL 2020,5•5 0`PRECISION DC SOURCE
0-20VDC, 0-24
CURRENT

e

2A

G

DC-

DC.4._

Model 2005
0-20 Volts, 0-0.5 Amperes
1325.00
Model 2020
0-20 Volts, 0-2 Amperes$475.00

WRITE FOR DETAILED SPECIFICATIONSprIIPOWERDESIGNS,

33E11 JUNIPER° SERRA • PALO ALTO. CALIFORNIA
415-321-6111 TWX: 910-373-1851

208

Circle 208 on reader service card

I 1700

SHAMES

FOR WESTBURY. N Y

INC.
DRIVE

516 EDgewooel 3-6200•

VV ESTBURY.

TVVX:

N

510-222-6561

Electronics IMarch 17, 1969

March 17, 1969

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Key no. R-01

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Circuits.

12

Transistor.

15

At .0008" dia., Craftsmanship is paramount
LEAD-BONDING CAPILLARY TUBES OF TUNGSTEN CARBIDE, with bore sizes as small as .0008", are made possible

bonding of leads to semiconductors has brought importantsavings in time, tools, and materials to the nation's leading

by Tempress' unique ability to machine and polish ultra-

semiconductor manufacturers. Equally fine craftsmanshiphard materials in microdimensions. This has brought a new
efficiency to semiconductor manufacturing. Bonding tips

is applied to the Tempress line of diamond scribers, leadbonding wedges, diamond lapping points, and other minia-

are held in shank by a magnetic system, permitting
instant replacement, even while heated. Heated shankmaintains constant tube temperature from 0° to
350°C. This unique system for thermal compression

ture semiconductor manufacturing tools.

TEMIPRESS
Tempress Research Co., 980 University Ave., Los Gatos, CA 95030

Circle 901 on reader service cardà ew
Cermolox Designs
for VHF-TV and FM
Broadcasts
Working in VHF-TV? Try RCA-8792,
RCA-8806 and RCA-8807... new broadcast tubes from RCA that meet thehigh linearity and high gain requirements of up-to-date, reliable VHF-TV.
If FM service suits you, choose RCA8792, 8793 and 8794. All are Cermolox®
tubes, developed from proved, in-use
designs. They feature new lows in feedthrough capacitance and screen andcathode inductance plus superb IM
values. Available at surprisingly

low cost, many of these R'CA broadcas
tubes lend themselves well not only to
VHF-TV and FM, but to SSB, OW, andUHF Linear service as well. Investigate
these RCA tubes for your needs. Seeyour local RCA Representative or yourRCA Distributor for details, including
prices and delivery.
For technical data on specific types,
write: RCA Electronic Components,
Commercial Engineering, Section Q 19
Harrison, N.J. 07029.

RCA-8807 (top), 20 kW Peak Sync
RCA-8806 (center), 12.5 kW Peak Sync.
RCA-8792 (lower), 1kW FM 1.5 kW Peak Sync.