JAEA-Review

JAEA-Tokai Tandem Annual Report 2010
April 1, 2010 – March 31, 2011
Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator

Nuclear Science Research InstituteTokai Research and Development Center

December 2011
Japan Atomic Energy Agency

日本原子力研究開発機構

JAEA-Review

2011-040

JAEA-Review 2011-040

JAEA-Tokai Tandem Annual Report 2010
April 1, 2010 – March 31, 2011
Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator
Nuclear Science Research InstituteTokai Research and Development Center
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken(Received October 20, 2011)
The JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator complex has been used in various research fields suchas nuclear science and material science by researchers not only of JAEA but also fromuniversities, research institutes and industrial companies. This annual report covers
developments of accelerators and research activities carried out using the tandem accelerator,
superconducting booster, and radioactive nuclear beam accelerator, from April 1, 2010 to
March

31,

2011.

Thirty-six

summaryreports

werecategorized

into

seven

research/development fields:(1) accelerator operation and development(2) nuclear structure(3) nuclear reaction(4) nuclear chemistry(5) nuclear theory(6) atomic physics and solid state physics(7) radiation effects in materials.
This report also lists publications, meetings, personnel, committee members, cooperative
researches and common use programs.

Keywords : JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, Operation Results, Nuclear Structure, Nuclear
Reaction, Nuclear Chemistry, Nuclear Theory, Atomic Physics, Solid State Physics,
Radiation Effects in Materials, Progress Report

Editors: Makoto MATSUDA, Satoshi CHIBA, Norito ISHIKAWA, Shin-ichi MITSUOKA,
Yosuke TOH, Kazuaki TSUKADA and Suehiro TAKEUCHI㫀㩷,#'#4GXKGY
ේሶജᯏ᭴᧲ᶏ࠲ࡦ࠺ࡓടㅦེ  ᐕᐲᐕᰴႎ๔
ᣣᧄේሶജ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴᧲ᶏ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ේሶജ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ
⎇ⓥἹടㅦེ▤ℂㇱ㧔 ᐕ  ᦬ ᣣฃℂ㧕 ේሶജᯏ᭴᧲ᶏ࠲ࡦ࠺ࡓടㅦེᣉ⸳ߪ‫ޔ‬ේሶᩭ⑼ቇ߿‛⾰⑼ቇߥߤߩ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ಽ㊁ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ේሶജᯏ᭴ࠍᆎ߼ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ߿౏┙⎇ⓥᯏ㑐‫ޔ‬᳃㑆ડᬺߦ೑↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬ᐕᰴႎ๔ᦠߪ‫࠲ޔ‬ࡦ࠺ࡓടㅦེ‫࡯࠲ࠬ࡯ࡉޔ‬ടㅦེ‫ޔ‬᡼኿ᕈᩭ⒳ടㅦⵝ⟎ࠍ೑↪ߒ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ߆ࠄ  ᐕ ᦬  ᣣ߹ߢߩᦼ㑆ߦታᣉߐࠇߚ⎇ⓥᵴേߩ⧷ᢥⷐ⚂ࠍ߹ߣ߼ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫✚ޕ‬ᢙ  ઙߩⷐ⚂ࠍਅ⸥ߩ㧣ㇱ㐷ߦಽ㘃ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧔㧝㧕ടㅦེߩㆇォ⁁ᴫߣ㐿⊒㧔㧞㧕ේሶᩭ᭴ㅧ
㧔㧟㧕ේሶᩭ෻ᔕ
㧔㧠㧕ᩭൻቇ
㧔㧡㧕ේሶᩭℂ⺰㧔㧢㧕ේሶ‛ℂ෸߮࿕૕‛ℂ
㧔㧣㧕᧚ᢱߩᾖ኿ലᨐ ߹ߚ‫⺰⴫⊒ޔ‬ᢥߣળ⼏ߢߩญ㗡⊒⴫‫ࡓ࠺ࡦ࠲ޔ‬ടㅦེߦ㑐ਈߒߚ⡯ຬ‫ࡓ࠺ࡦ࠲ޔ‬ടㅦེኾ㐷ㇱળᆔຬ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ╬ߣߩ౒ห⎇ⓥ⺖㗴‫ޔ‬෸߮ᣉ⸳౒↪⺖㗴ߩ࡝ࠬ࠻ࠍឝタߒߚ‫ޕ‬






ේሶജ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲ㧦‫⨙ ޥ‬ၔ⋵㇊⃗㇭᧲ᶏ᧛⊕ᣇ⊕ᩮ  ✬㓸⠪㧦᧻↰ ⺈‫ޔ‬ජ⪲ ᢅ‫ޔ‬⍹Ꮉ ᴺੱ‫ޔ‬శጟ ⌀৻‫ ⮮ޔ‬ᥰテ‫ޔ‬Ⴆ↰ ๺᣿‫ޔ‬┻ౝ ᧃᐢ

㫀㫀㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

Foreword
This report covers research and development activities with the tandem accelerator, its superconducting
booster and TRIAC radioactive ion accelerator at JAEA Tokai, for the period of FY 2010 (April 1, 2010 toMarch 31, 2011). The tandem accelerator was operated over a total of 171 days and delivered 27 different
ion beams to experiments in the fields of nuclear physics, nuclear chemistry, atomic physics, solid statephysics and radiation effects in materials. A massive earthquake of magnitude 9.0, named “The 2011 off the
Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake”, hit us on March 11. The accelerator building quaked at a magnitudeof 1000 gal on the top floor. The accelerator column withstood the earthquake with the help of
quake-absorbers attached to its bottom, and no acceleration tubes were damaged. However, about thirty
column posts out of 240 had a crack, a vacuum leak happened at the terminal ion source, and the beam lineof the booster lost its proper alignment (†).

The following are the highlights in FY 2010:
In the field of accelerator development: A xenon beam of 1.3 GeV was accelerated by the tandem
accelerator with the terminal voltage of 18.5 MV and the booster. This terminal voltage was the highest
value the tandem accelerator ever had with beam. Carbon cluster beams of C2+, C3+ and C4+ wereaccelerated from the in-terminal ECR ion source. Hydrogen analysis by the NRA method was demonstrated
by using a low energy 15N beam.
With the TRIAC, an experiment of Coulomb excitation of a stable 130Ba nucleus at 1.1 MeV/nucleon was
successfully performed as a test of all equipments. At the charge breeder, residual activities of 111In were
measured to understand the process of the charge breeding with a mesh grid at the exit of the decelerationelectrode. TRIAC is scheduled to move out of the tandem building at the end of 2011. New beam lines of
the tandem accelerator, which will be placed at the accelerator room of TRIAC, were designed, and aswitching magnet and other beam-line components for these lines were prepared.

In the field of nuclear structure: The property of the N=126 magic number at far off the -stability line wasstudied by searching for a very proton-rich nucleus of 216U. Using the 138Ba (82Kr, 4n) 216U reaction and therecoil mass separator, an upper-limit cross-section of 65 pb for 216U was obtained. In order to study
single-particle states in very heavy nuclei, an alpha fine-structure measurement was developed. The
assignment of spin-parities and single-particle configurations to levels in 253Fm was demonstrated throughthis measurement.

In the field of nuclear reactions: The reaction mechanism for the synthesis of super-heavy nuclei has beenstudied. By measuring the fission fragment properties in the 48Ca + 238U reaction, the excitation function of
the fusion probability was determined. This helps the fluctuation dissipation model to estimate the crosssection for the super-heavy production.

㫀㫀㫀㩷JAEA-Review 2011-040

In the field of nuclear chemistry: Mendelevium was successfully reduced from Md3+ to Md2+ on an
atom-at-a-time scale and the redox potential of Md was determined to be -0.18 ± 0.03 V. A new program todetermine the 1st ionization potential of Lr has been started using the surface ionization comparison
technique. The basic research on the production and purification of radioisotopes, 95mTc and 211At, formedical use has been conducted.

In the field of nuclear theory: A new dynamical model to describe the whole process of surrogate reactions,
namely, the nucleon transfer, formation of compound nuclei and their decay, was completed. By using thismodel, it became possible to investigate spin and mass distributions of compound nuclei populated insurrogate reactions. Furthermore, a new computational algorithm was developed to overcome difficulty intreating large model-space in the Monte Carlo shell model.

In the field of atomic physics and solid-state physics: Equilibrium and non-equilibrium charge state
distributions were measured for penetration of 2 MeV/u Cq+ (q=2-6) ions through 0.9-100 Ǵg/cm2 inthickness. Electronic sputtering yields (Ye) for CuO by swift heavy ions were measured. The Ye were muchlarger than those for Cu2O and exceptionally close to liner dependence on electronic stopping power.
In the field of radiation effects in materials: Elongation of metal nanoparticles (NPs) due to irradiation ofswift heavy ions was studied. This result suggests that the overlap of ion-tracks does not play an importantrole in the elongation of Zn NPs in silica, and the creation of single ion-track can induce the elongation.
The damage evolution of UO2 irradiated with high energy fission fragments was characterized by X-ray
diffraction (XRD) analysis. The detection of the radiation damage by XRD at relatively low fluence of 1012
Xe-ions/cm2 can be explained by the introduction of nm-sized ion-tracks. It was found that the occupancy
of ion-tracks in the specimen affects the damage behavior.

(†) The tandem accelerator recovered and opened for experiment on September 15, 2011. We would like toexpress sincere thanks for your kind support and encouragement in this severe time.

Tetsuro ISHII, Deputy Director, Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator

㫀㫍㩷JAEA-Review 2011-040

Contents
1.

ACCELERATOR OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ·································································· 1
1.1

Operation and usage of tandem accelerator and booster ································································ 3
A. Osa, Y. Tsukihashi, S. Hanashima, S. Abe, T. Ishii, N. Ishizaki,
H. Tayama, M. Matsuda, T. Nakanoya, H. Kabumoto, M. Nakamura,
K. Kutsukake, Y. Otokawa and T. Asozu

1.2

KEK-JAEA joint RNB project ······································································································ 5S.C. Jeong on behalf of TRIAC collaboration

1.3

Design of the new beam lines ········································································································ 7
T. Asozu, H. Kabumoto and N. Ishizaki

1.4

Preliminary experiment of the hydrogen analysis
by the NRA method using 15N beam from TIS ··························· 9
M. Matsuda, T. Asozu, M. Nakamura and M. Sataka

2.

NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ··············································································································· 11
2.1

In-beam J-ray spectroscopy of neutron-deficient actinide nuclei
using heavy-ion induced transfer reactions ················ 13
M. Asai, T. Ishii, R. Takahashi, H. Makii, K. Tsukada and N. Sato

2.2

Development of a gas cell for on-line laser spectroscopy of refractory elements ························· 14
H. Iimura, M. Koizumi, M. Miyabe and M. Oba

2.3

Development of high-resolution D fine-structure spectroscopy for the heaviest nuclei ················ 16
M. Asai, Y. Shima, N. Sato, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, T.K. Sato,
T. Ishii and M. Shibata

2.4

Coulomb excitation experiment of 126Xe ····················································································· 18
M. Koizumi, Y. Toh, A. Kimura, Y. Hatsukawa, K. Furutaka, H. Harada,
F. Kitatani, S. Nakamura, M. Sugawara and E. Ideguchi

2.5

Experiment for synthesis of a new isotope 216U ··········································································· 20
Y. Wakabayashi, K. Nishio, S. Mitsuoka, I. Nishinaka,
H. Makii, R. Takahashi, S. Yan and H. Miyatake

2.6

Development of an electrodeposited target for a surrogate reaction ············································· 22
T. Ishii, H. Makii, I. Nishinaka, M. Asai, K. Tsukada and R. Takahashi

2.7

Development of spin-polarized radioactive nuclear beam for nuclear spectroscopy
through E-delayed decay of spin-polarized nuclei around doubly magic nucleus 132Sn ················ 24
Y. Hirayama, M. Mihara, Y.X. Watanabe, N. Imai, S.C. Jeong, K. Matsuta,
H. Miyatake, S. Momota, H. Ishiyama, T. Izumikawa, I. Nishinaka, K. Nishio,
H. Makii, S. Mitsuoka, Y. Otokawa, T.K. Sato and Y. Wakabayashi

3.

NUCLEAR REACTION
3.1················································································································· 27

Influence of the reaction Q-value on heavy-ion induced fission················································ 29

K. Nishio, S. Mitsuoka, I. Nishinaka, H. Makii, Y. Wakabayashi, H. Ikezoe,

㫍㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

T. Ohtsuki and K. Hirose
3.2

Fission fragment anisotropy in heavy-ion-induced fission of actinides ········································ 31
I. Nishinaka, K. Nishio, M. Tanikawa, H. Makii, S. Mitsuoka,
Y. Wakabayashi and A. Yokoyama

3.3 Measurement of the 12C(D,J)16O cross sections by using TRIAC ················································ 33
H. Makii, H. Miyatake, Y. Wakabayashi, K. Niki, M. Okada,
H. Ishiyama, Y. Hirayama, N. Imai, S.C. Jeong, T. Shima,
S. Mitsuoka, K. Nishio, I. Nishinaka and S. Chiba
3.4

Development of Si 'E-E detector for detection of light ions ······················································· 35
H. Makii, T. Ishii, R. Takahashi, Y. Wakabayashi, I. Nishinaka, S. Mitsuoka,
S. Chiba, H. Miyatake, S.C. Jeong, N. Imai and Y. Hirayama

4.

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY ················································································································ 37
4.1

Determination of the reduction potential of mendelevium between 2+ and 3+ statesusing an electrochemistry apparatus ················· 39
A. Toyoshima, M. Asai, Z.J. Li, N. Sato, T.K. Sato, K. Ooe, T. Kikuchi,
Y. Kaneya, Y. Kitatsuji, K. Tsukada, Y. Nagame, M. Schädel, Y. Kasamatsu,
Y. Kogama, A. Shinohara, H. Haba and J. Even

4.2

Development of a surface-ionization-type ion-source
for the measurement of the first ionization potential of Lr ··············· 41
N. Sato, T.K. Sato, M. Asai, S. Ichikawa, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima,
Z.J. Li, T. Kikuchi, Y. Kaneya, Y. Nagame and M. Schädel

4.3

On-line isothermal gas chromatographic behavior of group-5 elements
as homologues of Db ·················· 43
T.K. Sato, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu,
Z.J. Li, N. Sato, T. Kikuchi, Y. Nagame and M. Schädel

4.4

Studies on volatile behavior of Zr and Hf chlorides ···································································· 45
S. Goto, H. Murayama, T. Kojima, M. Murakami, H. Kudo,
K. Tsukada, M. Asai, T.K. Sato, N. Sato, A. Toyoshima and Y. Nagame

4.5

Anion-exchange behavior of the group-6 elements in HF/HNO3 mixed solutions- Towards the study of ion-exchange behavior of 106Sg - ·············································· 46
X.H. Liang, K. Tsukada, Z.J. Li, A. Toyoshima, M. Asai,
T.K. Sato, N. Sato, T. Kikuchi, Y. Kaneya and Y. Nagame

4.6

Solvent extraction of Bk and Md into HDEHP from HNO3 solution ··········································· 48
Y. Kasamatsu, Y. Kogama, R. Takayama, H. Kikunaga, A. Toyoshima,
K. Tsukada, M. Asai, T.K. Sato, Z.J. Li, N. Sato, T. Kikuchi, Y. Kaneya,
Y. Nagame, K. Ooe, Y. Komori, T. Yoshimura, N. Takahashi and A. Shinohara

4.7

Production of radioactive astatine isotopes using lithium ion beams ··········································· 50
I. Nishinaka, A. Yokoyama, K. Washiyama, R. Amano,
N. Yamada, R. Ishiguro, H. Makii and K. Hashimoto㫍㫀㩷JAEA-Review 2011-040

4.8

Production of medical radio isotopes 95mTc ················································································· 52
Y. Hatsukawa, K. Hashimoto, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, T.K. Sato, T. Kin and Y. Nagai

5.

NUCLEAR THEORY ······················································································································· 55
5.1 Methodological and technical development in the Monte Carlo shell model ······························· 57
Y. Utsuno, N. Shimizu, T. Otsuka, T. Abe, T. Mizusaki and M. Honma
5.2

Calculation of fission barrier in the heavy and superheavy mass region
by using a spherical-basis method ································ 59
H. Koura

5.3

Spin and mass distributions of compound nucleus in surrogate reaction ····································· 61
Y. Aritomo, S. Chiba and K. Nishio

5.4

Analysis of various cross sections in deuteron induced reaction
with CDCC and eikonal reaction theory······················· 63
S. Hashimoto, M. Yahiro, K. Ogata, K. Minomo and S. Chiba

6.

ATOMIC PHYSICS AND SOLID STATE PHYSICS ······································································· 65
6.1 Charge state distribution of carbon ions after penetration of C-foil targets ·································· 67
M. Imai, M. Sataka, H. Sugai, K. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro,
K. Komaki, K. Nishio and H. Shibata
6.2

Electronic sputtering of CuO films by high-energy ions···························································· 69

N. Matsunami, M. Sataka, S. Okayasu and H. Kakiuchida
7.

RADIATION EFFECTS IN MATERIALS ······················································································· 71
7.1

Radiation damage of crystal structure in UO2 irradiated with high-energy heavy ions ················· 73
N. Ishikawa, T. Sonoda, T. Sawabe and A. Iwase

7.2

Study on effects of energetic ion irradiation in Gd2O3-doped CeO2
by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray spectroscopy ··············· 75
Y. Tahara, K. Shimizu, N. Ishikawa, Y. Okamoto, F. Hori, T. Matsui and A. Iwase

7.3

Change in magnetic properties of CeO2 by swift heavy ion irradiation ······································· 77
K. Shimizu, S. Kosugi, Y. Tahara, K. Yasunaga, N. Ishikawa , Y. Okamoto ,Y. Baba , N. Hirao, F. Hori , T. Matsui and A. Iwase

7.4

Shape and property control of Zn and ZnO nanoparticles by swift heavy ions ····························· 79
H. Amekura, N. Ishikawa and N. Okubo

7.5

Radiation effects for film formation and nano-structural changesof iron disilicide thin film ····················· 81
M. Sasase and S. Okayasu

 7.6

Formation of metal microstructures induced by heavy ion irradiation in Ag-zeolite ···················· 83
Y. Sasaki and S. Okayasu

7.7

Surface amorphization in single crystalline Al2O3 ······································································· 85
N. Okubo, N. Ishikawa, M. Sataka and S. Jitsukawa

㫍㫀㫀㩷JAEA-Review 2011-040

8. PUBLICATION IN JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, AND
CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS ·················· 87
8.1

Accelerator Operation and Development ···················································································· 89

8.2

Nuclear Structure ························································································································ 91

8.3

Nuclear Reaction ························································································································· 93

8.4

Nuclear Chemistry ······················································································································ 96

8.5

Nuclear Theory ··························································································································· 99

8.6 Atomic Physics and Solid-state Physics ···················································································· 103
8.7 Radiation Effects in Materials ··································································································· 104
9. PERSONNEL AND COMMITTEE ································································································ 107
9.1

Personnel ·································································································································· 109

9.2 Research Planning and Assessment Committee ········································································· 113
10. COOPERATIVE RESEARCHES AND COMMON USE IN JAEA ············································· 115
10.1

Cooperative Research Programs ······························································································ 117

10.2

Common Use Programs in JAEA ···························································································· 119㫍㫀㫀㫀㩷JAEA-Review 2011-040⋡   ᰴ
1. ടㅦེߩㆇォ⁁ᴫ෸߮㐿⊒ ··········································································································· 11.1 ࠲ࡦ࠺ࡓടㅦེߣࡉ࡯ࠬ࠲࡯ߩㆇォ෸߮೑↪⁁ᴫ ······························································ 3㐳 ᣿ᒾ‫᦬ޔ‬ᯅ ⧐ᑝ‫⧎ޔ‬ፉ ㅴ‫ޔ‬㒙ㇱ ାᏒ‫ޔ‬⍹੗ ືᦶ‫ޔ‬⍹ፒ ᥰᵗ‫↰ޔ‬ጊ ⽕৻‫ޔ‬᧻↰ ⺈‫ޔ‬ખ㊁⼱ ቁల‫ޔ‬ᩣᧄ ⵨ผ‫ޔ‬ਛ᧛ ᥰᒾ‫ޔ‬ᴏដ ஜ৻‫ޔ‬ਸᎹ ⟵ᙗ‫ޔ‬ㆆᵤ ᜏᵗ1.2 KEK-JAEA ౒ห 40$ ⸘↹ ········································································································· 5
TRIAC ౒ห⎇ⓥઍ⴫ ㈕ ᷕ⼝

 1.3 ᣂࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦߩ⸳⸘ ············································································································· 7ㆆᵤ ᜏᵗ‫ޔ‬ᩣᧄ ⵨ผ‫ޔ‬⍹ፒ ᥰᵗ 1.4 6+5 ߆ࠄߩ 0 ࡆ࡯ࡓࠍ↪޿ߚ 04# ᴺߦࠃࠆ᳓⚛ಽᨆታ㛎 ················································ 9᧻↰ ⺈‫ޔ‬ㆆᵤ ᜏᵗ‫ޔ‬ਛ᧛ ᥰᒾ‫ޔ‬Ꮐ㜞 ᱜ㓶

2. ේሶᩭ᭴ㅧ ···································································································································· 112.1 ㊀ࠗࠝࡦᩭሶ⒖ⴕ෻ᔕࠍ↪޿ߚਛᕈሶᰳ៊ࠕࠢ࠴ࡁࠗ࠼ᩭߩࠗࡦࡆ࡯ࡓǫ✢ಽశ ······ 13ᵻ੗ 㓷ੱ‫ޔ‬⍹੗ ືᦶ‫ޔ‬㜞ᯅ ┥ᄥ‫’ޔ‬੗ ብਯ‫ޔ‬Ⴆ↰ ๺᣿‫ޔ‬૒⮮ ᦸ


2.2 㜞Ⲣὐర⚛ߩࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ಽశߩߚ߼ߩࠟࠬ࠮࡞ߩ㐿⊒ ····································· 14
㘵᧛ ⑲♿‫ޔ‬ዊᴰ శ↢‫ޔ‬ችㇱ ᣽ᢥ‫ޔ‬ᄢ႐ ᱜⷙ

2.3 ⿥㊀ᩭࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚ㜞ಽ⸃⢻ǩ✢ᓸ⚦᭴ㅧ᷹ቯᴺߩ㐿⊒ ·················································· 16ᵻ੗ 㓷ੱ‫ޔ‬᎑ ᵗ૓‫ޔ‬૒⮮ ᦸ‫ޔ‬Ⴆ↰ ๺᣿‫⼾ޔ‬᎑ ෘผ‫ޔ‬૒⮮ ື਽‫ޔ‬⍹੗ ືᦶ‫ޔ‬ᩊ↰ ℂ዆

2.4



:G ߩࠢ࡯ࡠࡦബ⿠ታ㛎 ······································································································ 18ዊᴰ శ↢‫ ⮮ޔ‬ᥰテ‫ ᧛ᧁޔ‬ᢕ‫ޔ‬ೋᎹ 㓶৻‫ޔ‬ฎ㜞 ๺⑓‫ޔ‬ේ↰ ⑲㇢‫ޔ‬࣫䈋 ᭛Ҏ‫ޔ‬ਛ᧛ ⹎ม‫⩲ޔ‬ේ ᣽ᒾ‫ޔ‬੗ᚻญ ᩕᴦ

2.5 ᣂห૏૕ 7 ߩวᚑታ㛎 ········································································································· 20
⧯ᨋ ᵏ↢‫⷏ޔ‬የ ൎਭ‫ޔ‬శጟ ⌀৻‫⷏ޔ‬ਛ ৻ᦶ‫ޔ‬’੗ ብਯ‫ޔ‬㜞ᯅ ┥ᄥ‫ޔ‬S. Yan‫ޔ‬ችᱞ ቝ਽

2.6 ઍℂ෻ᔕߩߚ߼ߩ㔚⌕ᮡ⊛ߩ㐿⊒ ························································································· 22⍹੗ ືᦶ‫’ޔ‬੗ ብਯ‫⷏ޔ‬ਛ ৻ᦶ‫ޔ‬ᵻ੗ 㓷ੱ‫ޔ‬Ⴆ↰ ๺᣿‫ޔ‬㜞ᯅ ┥ᄥ

2.7 ᩭಽశࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߚᩭࠬࡇࡦ஍ᭂߒߚ 5P ㄭறᩭߩ㐿⊒················································· 24
ᐔጊ ⾐৻‫ޔ‬ਃේ ၮ༹‫ޔ‬ᷰㄝ ⵨‫੹ޔ‬੗ િ᣿‫ޔ‬㈕ ᷕ⼝‫᧻ޔ‬ᄙ ᑪ╷‫ޔ‬ችᱞ ቝ਽‫ޔ‬⊖↰ ૒ᄙ↢‫ޔ‬⍹ጊ ඳᕡ‫ޔ‬ᴰᎹ ථม‫⷏ޔ‬ਛ ৻ᦶ‫⷏ޔ‬የ ൎਭ‫’ޔ‬੗ ብਯ‫ޔ‬శጟ ⌀৻‫ޔ‬ਸᎹ ⟵ᙗ‫ޔ‬૒⮮ ື਽‫⧯ޔ‬ᨋ ᵏ↢3. ේሶᩭ෻ᔕ ···································································································································· 27
3.1 ㊀ࠗࠝࡦ౉኿ᩭಽⵚ෻ᔕߦ߅ߌࠆ෻ᔕߩ 3 ୯ߩലᨐ ························································ 29⷏የ ൎਭ‫ޔ‬శጟ ⌀৻‫⷏ޔ‬ਛ ৻ᦶ‫’ޔ‬੗ ብਯ‫⧯ޔ‬ᨋ ᵏ↢‫ޔ‬ᳰᷝ ඳ‫ޔ‬ᄢᮎ ൕ‫ޔ‬ᑝἑ ஜᄥ㇢㫀㫏㩷JAEA-Review 2011-040

3.2 ࠕࠢ࠴ࡁࠗ࠼㊀ࠗࠝࡦ⺃⿠ᩭಽⵚߦ߅ߌࠆᩭಽⵚ

ⷺᐲ⇣ᣇᕈ ····································· 31

⷏ਛ ৻ᦶ‫⷏ޔ‬የ ൎਭ‫⼱ޔ‬Ꮉ ൎ⥋‫’ޔ‬੗ ብਯ‫ޔ‬శጟ ⌀৻‫⧯ޔ‬ᨋ ᵏ↢‫ޔ‬ᮮጊ ᣿ᒾ

3.3 64+#% ࠍ↪޿ߚ % Dǫ 1 ෻ᔕᢿ㕙Ⓧ᷹ቯ ····································································· 33’੗ ብਯ‫ޔ‬ችᱞ ቝ਽‫⧯ޔ‬ᨋ ᵏ↢‫ޔ‬ੳᧁ ๺ᤘ‫ޔ‬ጟ↰ 㓷ਯ‫ޔ‬⍹ጊ ඳᕡ‫ޔ‬ᐔጊ ⾐৻‫ޔ‬੹੗ િ᣿‫ޔ‬㈕ ᷕ⼝‫ޔ‬᎑ ㆐ᔒ‫ޔ‬శጟ ⌀৻‫⷏ޔ‬የ ൎਭ‫⷏ޔ‬ਛ ৻ᦶ‫ޔ‬ජ⪲ ᢅ

3.4 シࠗࠝࡦ᷹ⷰ↪ 5KǍ'' ᬌ಴ེߩ㐿⊒ ················································································ 35’੗ ብਯ‫ޔ‬⍹੗ ືᦶ‫ޔ‬㜞ᯅ ┥ᄥ‫⧯ޔ‬ᨋ ᵏ↢‫⷏ޔ‬ਛ ৻ᦶ‫ޔ‬శጟ ⌀৻‫ޔ‬ජ⪲ ᢅ‫ޔ‬ችᱞ ቝ਽‫ޔ‬㈕ ᷕ⼝‫੹ޔ‬੗ િ᣿‫ޔ‬ᐔጊ ⾐৻

4. ᩭൻቇ ············································································································································ 37
4.1 㔚᳇ൻቇ⊛ᚻᴺߦࠃࠆࡔࡦ࠺࡟ࡆ࠙ࡓߩㆶర㔚૏᷹ቯ㩷 ······················································ 39㩷⼾᎑ ෘผ‫ޔ‬ᵻ੗ 㓷ੱ‫ ᧘ޔ‬ሶ᧱‫ޔ‬૒⮮ ᦸ‫ޔ‬૒⮮ ື਽‫ޔ‬ᄢᳯ ৻ᒄ‫ޔ‬⩵ᳰ ⾆ብ‫ޔ‬㊄⼱ ૓੫‫ޔ‬ർㄞ ┨ᶈ‫ޔ‬Ⴆ↰ ๺᣿‫ޔ‬᳗⋡ ⻀৻㇢‫ޔ‬M. Schädel‫ޔ‬═᧻ ⦟ፏ‫ޔ‬㋇ ఝ㚅‫◉ޔ‬ේ ෘ‫ޔ‬⠀႐ ብశ‫ޔ‬J. Even

4.2 .T ߩࠗࠝࡦൻ㔚૏᷹ቯߦะߌߚ⴫㕙㔚㔌ࠗࠝࡦḮ㐿⊒ ··················································· 41૒⮮ ᦸ‫ޔ‬૒⮮ ື਽‫ޔ‬ᵻ੗ 㓷ੱ‫ޔ‬ᏒᎹ ㅴ৻‫ޔ‬Ⴆ↰ ๺᣿‫⼾ޔ‬᎑ ෘผ‫ޔ‬᧘ ሶ᧱‫⩵ޔ‬ᳰ ⾆ብ‫ޔ‬㊄⼱ ૓੫‫ޔ‬᳗⋡ ⻀৻㇢‫ޔ‬M. Schädel

4.3 &D ࠍᮨᡆߒߚ  ᣖర⚛ 0D6C ߩࠝࡦ࡜ࠗࡦ╬᷷ࠟࠬࠢࡠࡑ࠻ࠣ࡜ࡈ᜼േ ·················· 43㩷૒⮮ ື਽‫ޔ‬Ⴆ↰ ๺᣿‫ޔ‬ᵻ੗ 㓷ੱ‫⼾ޔ‬᎑ ෘผ‫ޔ‬ヴᵒ 㡃ዛǃ᧘ ሶ᧱‫ޔ‬૒⮮ ᦸ‫⩵ޔ‬ᳰ ⾆ብ‫ޔ‬᳗⋡ ⻀৻㇢ǃM. Schädel

4.4 <T ߅ࠃ߮ *H Ⴎൻ‛ߩើ⊒᜼േߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ ····································································· 45ᓟ⮮ ⌀৻‫᧛ޔ‬ጊ ⵨ผ‫ޔ‬ዊ᎑ ⾆ᐘ‫᧛ޔ‬਄ ᣽ผ‫ޔ‬Ꮏ⮮ ਭᤘ‫ޔ‬Ⴆ↰ ๺᣿‫ޔ‬ᵻ੗ 㓷ੱ‫ޔ‬૒⮮ ື਽‫ޔ‬૒⮮ ᦸ‫⼾ޔ‬᎑ ෘผ‫ޔ‬᳗⋡ ⻀৻㇢

4.5 ࡈ࠶ൻ᳓⚛㉄࡮⎣㉄ᷙว᳓ṁᶧ♽ߦ߅ߌࠆ  ᣖర⚛ߩ㒶ࠗࠝࡦ੤឵᜼േ ̄5I ߩࠗࠝࡦ੤឵᜼േ⎇ⓥߦะߌߡ̄ ················································· 46᪞ ዊ⯥‫ޔ‬Ⴆ↰ ๺᣿‫ ᧘ޔ‬ሶ᧱‫⼾ޔ‬᎑ ෘผ‫ޔ‬ᵻ੗ 㓷ੱ‫ޔ‬૒⮮ ື਽‫ޔ‬૒⮮ ᦸ‫⩵ޔ‬ᳰ ⾆ብ‫ޔ‬㊄⼱ ␭੫‫ޔ‬᳗⋡ ⻀৻㇢

4.6 HDEHP/HNO3 ♽ߦ߅ߌࠆ Bk ߣ Md ߩṁᇦ᛽಴᜼േ ························································· 48═᧻ ⦟ፏ‫ޔ‬㋇ ఝ㚅‫ޔ‬㜞ጊ ⃍ᄩᄹ‫⩵ޔ‬᳗ ⧷ኼ‫⼾ޔ‬᎑ ෘผ‫ޔ‬Ⴆ↰ ๺᣿‫ޔ‬ᵻ੗ 㓷ੱ‫ޔ‬૒⮮ ື਽‫ ᧘ޔ‬ሶ᧱‫ޔ‬૒⮮ ᦸ‫⩵ޔ‬ᳰ ⾆ብ‫ޔ‬㊄⼱ ␭੫‫ޔ‬᳗⋡ ⻀৻㇢‫ޔ‬ᄢᳯ ৻ᒄ‫ޔ‬ዊ᫪ ᦭Ꮧሶ‫ޔ‬ศ᧛ ፏ‫ޔ‬㜞ᯅ ᚑੱ‫◉ޔ‬ේ ෘ

4.7 ࡝࠴࠙ࡓࠗࠝࡦࡆ࡯ࡓߦࠃࠆ᡼኿ᕈࠕࠬ࠲࠴ࡦห૏૕ߩวᚑ ········································· 50
⷏ਛ ৻ᦶ‫ޔ‬ᮮጊ ᣿ᒾ‫ޔ‬㣐ጊ ᐘା‫ޔ‬ᄤ㊁ ⦟ᐔ‫ޔ‬ጊ↰ ♿ᄢ‫ޔ‬⍹㤥 ᪸⧎‫’ޔ‬੗ ብਯ‫ޔ‬ᯅᧄ ๺ᐘ

4.8 ක≮↪᡼኿ᕈห૏૕O6Eߩ⵾ㅧ ······················································································ 52ೋᎹ 㓶৻‫ޔ‬ᯅᧄ ๺ᐘ‫ޔ‬Ⴆ↰ ๺᣿‫ޔ‬ᵻ੗ 㓷ੱ‫ޔ‬૒⮮ ື਽‫ޔ‬㊄ ᡽ᶈ‫ޔ‬᳗੗ ᵏ᮸㩷

5. ේሶᩭℂ⺰ ···································································································································· 55
5.1 ࡕࡦ࠹ࠞ࡞ࡠᲖᮨဳߦ߅ߌࠆᣇᴺ⺰⊛߅ࠃ߮ᛛⴚ⊛ㅴዷ ················································ 57
ቝㇺ㊁ ⓛ‫ޔ‬ᷡ᳓ ೣቁ‫ޔ‬ᄢႦ ቁᴦ‫ޔ‬㒙ㇱ ༜‫ޔ‬᳓ፒ 㜞ᶈ‫ᧄޔ‬㑆 ㆏㓶㫏㩷JAEA-Review 2011-040

5.2 ⃿ᒻၮᐩᴺࠍ↪޿ߚ㊀࡮⿥㊀ᩭ㗔ၞߩᩭಽⵚ㓚ოߩ⸘▚ ················································ 59ዊᶆ ኡਯ

5.3 ઍℂ෻ᔕߦࠃߞߡ↢ᚑߐࠇߚⶄวᩭߩࠬࡇࡦಽᏓ߅ࠃ߮ಽⵚ

ߩ⾰㊂ಽᏓ ················· 61᦭෹ ཅᶈ‫ޔ‬ජ⪲ ᢅ‫⷏ޔ‬የ ൎਭ

5.4 㔌ᢔൻ࠴ࡖࡀ࡞⚿วᴺߣࠕࠗࠦ࠽࡯࡞෻ᔕℂ⺰ࠍ↪޿ߚ                ㊀㓁ሶ౉኿෻ᔕߦ߅ߌࠆ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᢿ㕙Ⓧߩ⸃ᨆ ·············· 63ᯅᧄ ᘕᄥ㇢‫౎ޔ‬዆ ᱜା‫✜ޔ‬ᣇ ৻੺‫ ⨃⬉ޔ‬Ꮏ዁‫ޔ‬ජ⪲ ᢅ

6. ේሶ‛ℂ෸߮࿕૕‛ℂ ················································································································· 65
6.1 ὇⚛⭯⤑ㅘㆊᓟߩ὇⚛ࠗࠝࡦ㔚⩄ಽᏓ ················································································ 67੹੗ ⺈‫ޔ‬Ꮐ㜞 ᱜ㓶‫ޔ‬㗇⽴ ብⴕ‫ޔ‬Ꮉ㕙 Ẵ‫ޔ‬㜞ᑝ సᏆ‫ޔ‬ዊ’ ⎇৻㇢‫⷏ޔ‬የ ൎਭ‫ޔ‬ᩊ↰ ⵨ታ

6.2 㜞ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠗࠝࡦᾖ኿ߦࠃࠆ %W1 ߩ㔚ሶബ⿠ࠬࡄ࠶࠲࡝ࡦࠣ ····································· 69᧻ᵄ ♿᣿‫ޔ‬Ꮐ㜞 ᱜ㓶‫ޔ‬ጟ቟ ᖗ‫ޔ‬၂ౝ↰ ᵗ7.

᧚ᢱߩᾖ኿ലᨐ ·························································································································· 71

7.1 㜞ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯㊀ࠗࠝࡦᾖ኿ߒߚ UO2 ߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧߦኻߔࠆᾖ኿៊் ································ 73⍹Ꮉ ᴺੱ‫ޔ‬࿦↰ ஜ‫ޔ‬Ỉㇱ ቁผ‫ޔ‬ጤἑ ᓆብ

7.2 ᡼኿శ : ✢ಽశᴺࠍ↪޿ߚࠟ࠼࡝࠾ࠕᷝട࠮࡝ࠕߩ                     㜞ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠗࠝࡦᾖ኿ലᨐ ························ 75↰ේ ૓ⷙ‫ޔ‬ᷡ᳓ ᶈ⾆‫ޔ‬⍹Ꮉ ᴺੱ‫ޔ‬ጟᧄ ⧐ᶈ‫ޔ‬ၳ ผ⺑‫᧻ޔ‬੗ ೑ਯ‫ޔ‬ጤἑ ᓆብ

 7.3 㜞ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠗࠝࡦᾖ኿ࠍ↪޿ߚ CeO2 ߩ⏛ᕈᄌൻ ·························································· 77ᷡ᳓ ᶈ⾆‫ޔ‬ዊ᧖ ᤯਽‫↰ޔ‬ේ ૓ⷙ‫ޔ‬቟᳗ ๺ผ‫ޔ‬⍹Ꮉ ᴺੱ‫ޔ‬ጟᧄ ⧐ᶈ‫ޔ‬㚍႐ ␭ᴦ‫ޔ‬ᐔየ ᴺᕺ‫ޔ‬ၳ ผ⺑‫᧻ޔ‬੗ ೑ਯ‫ޔ‬ጤἑ ᓆብ

 7.4 㜞ㅦ㊀ࠗࠝࡦᾖ኿ߦࠃࠆ <P ♽࠽ࡁ☸ሶߩᒻ⁁࡮‛ᕈ೙ᓮ ··············································· 79㔎ୖ ብ‫ޔ‬⍹Ꮉ ᴺੱ‫ޔ‬ᄢਭ଻ ᚑᓆ

7.5 ㋕ࠪ࡝ࠨࠗ࠼⭯⤑ߦ෸߷ߔࠗࠝࡦᾖ኿ലᨐ·········································································· 81╣ἑ 㓷ੱ‫ޔ‬ጟ቟ ᖗ

7.6 #I࠯ࠝ࡜ࠗ࠻߳ߩ㊀ࠗࠝࡦᾖ኿ߦࠃࠆ㊄ዻᓸዊ᭴ㅧᒻᚑ ··············································· 83૒‫ ᧁޘ‬ఝศ‫ޔ‬ጟ቟ ᖗ

7.7 න⚿᥏ #N1 ߦ߅ߌࠆ⴫㕙㕖᥏⾰ൻ ····················································································· 85ᄢਭ଻ ᚑᓆ‫ޔ‬⍹Ꮉ ᴺੱ‫ޔ‬Ꮐ㜞 ᱜ㓶‫ޔ‬ኪᎹ ⾗ᦶ

8. 㔀⹹෸߮࿖㓙ળ⼏╬ߩೀⴕ‛‫ޔ‬ቇળ⊒⴫ ·················································································· 87
8.1 ടㅦེߩㆇォ⁁ᴫ෸߮㐿⊒ ··································································································· 89
8.2 ේሶᩭ᭴ㅧ ······························································································································ 91
8.3 ේሶᩭ෻ᔕ ······························································································································ 93
8.4 ᩭൻቇ ······································································································································ 96
8.5 ේሶᩭℂ⺰ ······························································································································ 99
8.6 ේሶ‛ℂ෸߮࿕૕‛ℂ ········································································································· 103
8.7 ᧚ᢱߩᾖ኿ലᨐ ···················································································································· 104㫏㫀㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

9. 㑐ㅪ⺖ቶ⡯ຬ෸߮ᆔຬળ ··········································································································· 107
9.1 ⺖ቶ⡯ຬ ································································································································ 109
9.2 ᆔຬળ ···································································································································· 113

10. ౒ห⎇ⓥ෸߮ᣉ⸳ଏ↪ ············································································································· 115
10.1 ౒ห⎇ⓥ⺖㗴 ······················································································································ 117
10.2 ᣉ⸳ଏ↪⺖㗴 ······················································································································ 119㫏㫀㫀㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

CHAPTER 1
Accelerator Operation and Development

1.1

Operation and usage of tandem accelerator and booster

1.2
1.3

KEK-JAEA joint RNB projectDesign of the new beam lines

1.4

Preliminary experiment of the hydrogen analysis

㪄㩷㪈㩷㪄㩷This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

1.1 Operation and usage of tandem accelerator and booster
A. Osa1, Y. Tsukihashi1, S. Hanashima1, S. Abe1, T. Ishii1, N. Ishizaki1, H. Tayama1, M. Matsuda1,
T. Nakanoya1, H. Kabumoto1, M. Nakamura1, K. Kutsukake1, Y. Otokawa1 and T. Asozu1

The tandem accelerator and booster were operated for experiments from June 7, 2010 to September 28, 2010, from
December 1, 2010 to January 26, 2011 and from March 7, 2011 to March 10, 2011. The last beam time wasterminated by the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011. The total operation time of the tandem
accelerator for FY2010 (from April 1, 2010 to March 31, 2011) was 171 days and 27 different beams were deliveredfor experiments. The experimental proposal and the usage of the beam times for FY2010 are summarized in Table 1
and Table 2, respectively.
In FY 2010, the terminal voltage with beam was improved to 18.5 MV which was highest value this tandem
accelerator has ever had. In this condition, we accelerated and boosted xenon ions up to 1314 MeV. Carbon cluster
beams C2+, C3+ and C4+ were accelerated from the in-terminal 14.5-GHz ECR ion source.
Table 1. Experimental proposals.

Table 2. Usage of beam-times in different research fields.

Research proposals acceptedby the program advisory committee:
In-house staff proposals
6
Collaboration proposals
14
Number of experiments proposed
75
Total number of scientists participating in researchfrom outside219
in-house
381
Number of institutions presented
31

Research field
Nuclear physics
Nuclear chemistry
Atomic and materials sciences
Accelerator development

Beam time(days) (%)
47
27.5
55
32.2
48
28.1
21
12.3
total 171
100

Distributions of the terminal voltages and ion species for experiments are shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2, respectively. Half ofthe beams were extracted from three negative ion sources, SNICS-2. The proton beam and multiply charged ion beams ofhelium-3, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and rare gases were ionized and extracted from in-terminal ECR ion source. The ECR
ion source was used as much as 48% of all the beam time.
The super-conducting booster was operated for a total of 24 days to boost the energies of 6 different beams from thetandem accelerator, as is summarized in Table 3. These beams were used for experiments of nuclear physics andaccelerator development.
The proton, 7Li and 19F beams were supplied to the TRIAC (Tokai Radioactive Ion Accelerator Complex) experiments
for 14 days. The radioactive 8Li, 111In and 142Ba were ionized and separated by the
ISOL and injected into the TRIAC.

1 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

㪄㩷㪊㩷㪄㩷

䇭䌾㪈㪐
䇭䌾㪈㪏
䇭䌾㪈㪎
䇭䌾㪈㪍
䇭䌾㪈㪌
䇭䌾㪈㪋
䇭䌾㪈㪊
䇭䌾㪈㪉
䇭䌾㪈㪈
䇭䌾㪈㪇
䇭䌾㪐
䇭䌾㪏
䇭䌾㪎
䇭䌾㪍
䇭䌾㪌
䇭䌾㪋
㪉䌾㪊

197Au
186W
184W
136Xe
132Xe
128Xe
126Xe
82Kr
64Ni
58Ni
56Fe
48Ca
40Ca
40Ar
22Ne
19F
18O
16O
15N
14N
C-molecule
13C
12C
11B
7Li
3He
1H

0.6%
5.8%
11%
32%

15.1%
5.2%
3.5%
13.4%
0.6%
2.9%
4.1%
1.7%
1.7%
1.7%
0.6%
㪇

SNICS:S-3
SNICS:S-4
SNICS:S-5
Terminal ECRIS

Beam Species

Terminal Voltage (MV)JAEA-Review 2011-040

㪌 㪈㪇 㪈㪌 㪉㪇 㪉㪌 㪊㪇 㪊㪌 㪋㪇 㪋㪌 㪌㪇 㪌㪌 㪍㪇

0

5

10

15

20

Operating time (days)

Operating time (days)

Fig. 1 Distribution of terminal voltages.

Fig. 2 Distribution of beam species
accelerated for experiments.

Table 3. Boosted ion beams for experiments.
Beam species
40

Ca
Ca
64
Ni
82
Kr
126
Xe
48

136

Xe

Boosted energies(MeV)
212.8-270.9(9 energy points)
297
368
378
385
544
1314

㪄㩷㪋㩷㪄㩷

Beam time(days)
3
4
3
7
3
3
1

25

JAEA-Review 2011-040

1.2

KEK-JAEA joint RNB project

S.C. Jeong1 on behalf of TRIAC collaboration

The Tokai Radioactive Ion Accelerator Complex (TRIAC) is operating for nuclear physics and materials
science experiments at JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator facility under collaboration between KEK and
JAEA (TRIAC collaboration). Produced by the proton-induced fission reactions of natUC, the radioactiveions (RIs) were extracted and mass-separated as singly charged ions by the isotope separator on-line(ISOL) of JAEA. They were charge-bred to higher charge states with a charge-to-mass ratios of about 1/7
using charge breeding electron cyclotron resonance ion source (CB-ECRIS) called as KEKCB. And then,the charge-bred RIs were accelerated by using a series of heavy ion linacs, the split-coaxial radiofrequency
quadrupole (SCRFQ) and the inter-digital H (IH) linacs. In FY 2010, we performed two experiments as
R&D of TRIAC. First one is the Coulomb excitation measurement with stable nucleus 130Ba at 1.1 MeV/A.
The other one is the injection of 111In into KEKCB to explore the origin of small charge breeding
efficiencies for metallic ions. The following experiments were carried out in FY2010: (1) Direct exclusive
measurement of 8Li(D,n) reaction at astrophysical energies (RNB08-K05). (2) Production of polarized
medium-mass RI by the tilted foil method (RNB08-K02/K03). (3) Measurement of the cross section of
12

C(D,J) reaction (RNB09-KJ04). Some details of the experiments can be found in this report.

In the experiment named RNB09-KJ03, Coulomb excitation measurement of 142Ba had been proposed todetermine the B (E2;2+Æ0+) value in a rather direct way in order to settle down the inconsistency of thevalue raised by the recent lifetime measurement of the first 2+ sate. The TRIAC can accelerate RIs
extracted by the JAEA-ISOL up to 1.1 MeV/nucleon, which is far below the Coulomb barrier. Thus, thecascade transition would be negligible since the probability of multi-step excitation should be very small.
As a test of the whole experimental system including charge-breeding by the KEKCB, we performed anexperiment of Coulomb excitation with astable 130Ba beam of 1.1 MeV/nucleon. Theenergy of 2+1 state of 130Ba is 359 keV,which is close to the 357 keV for 142Ba.
Therefore, the present experiment could wellsimulate the very measurement of 142Ba. A
130

Ba1+

beam

was

suppliedbythe

JAEA-ISOL using the enriched BaCO3.
Typical beam intensity was about 30 enA.
The beam was injected into the KEKCB for
charge-breeding the singly charged
to multi-charged

130

Ba19+.

The

130

Ba1+

chargebreeding efficiency achieved was around 1%.

Fig.1 J ray energy spectra coincident with SSD (solid line)
and accidentally coincident with SSD (dashed line).

1

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization(KEK), corresponding author: N. Imai㻙㻌㻡㻌㻙㻌

JAEA-Review 2011-040

The 130Ba19+ beam was transported to post-accelerators of the TRIAC and accelerated to 1.1 MeV/nucleon.
At the final focal plane of the TRIAC, a secondary target of 2-Pm thick natV was placed and irradiated by
the beam. Six NaI(Tl) detectors of 9 x 9 x 18 cm3 were placed to detect the de-excitation J rays from theexcited 130Ba around the target. The NaI(Tl)s were mounted in the 2-cm thick lead box to suppress the
background J rays or X rays. To measure the recoiled particles, an annular-type silicon solid-sate detector(SSD) was placed 13-cm downstream of the target. The detector covered from 13 to 26o in the laboratory
frame, which corresponded to angles from 48 to 160o in the center of mass frame. Figure 1 shows two J-ray
energy spectra measured by three NaI(Tl) detectors with different timing gates. Solid line indicates the Jrays which were coincident with the SSD, while dashed line represents the accidentally coincident J rays;a peak around the energy of 360 keV was clearly observed as expected. Comparison of the cross sections
between elastic and inelastic scatterings yielded the B (E2;2+Æ0+) = 0.97 (22) e2b2, which was in good
agreement with the adopted value of 1.163(16) e2b2. The measurement of B (E2) value of the 2+1 state of142

Ba will be carried out soon.

The lower charge breeding efficiencies for metallic radioactive ions than the gaseous element is one of theopen questions when the ions are charge-bred by ECRIS. The charge breeding efficiencies can be regarded
as the product of two efficiencies; the capture efficiency by the ECR plasma and the ionization efficiency
for step-by-step charge breeding. In general, for the ECRIS the latter efficiency is supposed to be
independent of the element. And thus, the difference of charge breeding efficiencies may attribute to theinadequate capture by the ECR plasma. In order to study the capture process, we injected a metallic
element 111In into the ECR plasma in FY2008. The ions were charge-bred and extracted as usual, and thenthe activities of their residuals in the plasma chamber were measured. The anisotropic distribution wasobserved around z = 200 mm, the minimum of ECR confinement magnetic field as presented in Fig 2 (a).
The anisotropy might be related to the decelerating electric field around the ECR plasma boundaries where
the electric potential suddenly changed from 0 kV to around 15 kV; its actual configuration strongly
depends on the plasma conditions, and therefore it is hardly simulated. To determine the configuration of
the electric field definitely, we installed a grid of molybdenum mesh on the decelerating electrode at theentrance of the plasma chamber. The residual activities observed are illustrated in Fig. 2 (b). It appearedthat the anisotropy was well improved. However, the charge breeding efficiencies was almost the same asthat obtained without mesh. Further analysis is in progress to understand our observations.
(a)

(b)

Fig. 2 (a) Residual activities of 111In in the plasma chamber as a function of azimuthal angle (I) andlongitudinal position (z). (b) Residual activities of 111In after molybdenum mesh was installed.

㻙㻌㻢㻌㻙㻌

JAEA-Review 2011-040

1.3

Design of the new beam lines

T. Asozu1, H. Kabumoto1 and N. Ishizaki1

The project of the radioactive nuclear beam (RNB) accelerator at JAEA-Tokai was over in 2010. We areplanning to install new beam lines of the tandem accelerator at the laboratory where the RNB accelerator
was placed. We can use radioactive materials as targets in this laboratory, because this room was designed
as a high-security controlled area for
the RNB project. Figure 1 shows agrand plan of the new laboratory.
There are three beam courses; 0°
course, 20° course and 45° course. We
can switch the beam course with thebending magnet.
We simulated beam optics withOPTICΤ and designed the layout of
opticaldevices.

OPTIC Τcansimulate the beam emittance ellipse
by using a beam transport matrix [1].

Fig. 1 Grand plan of the new laboratory.

The initial conditions in this simulation are as follows. The beams start from the faraday cup (FC 04-1 in
Fig. 1). The emittance ellipse is that the radius is 1mm and the divergence angle is 1mrad. The ion species
and the energy in each course are 136Xe+20 and 200 MeV in 0° course, 58Ni+13 and 230 MeV in 20° course,
18

O+8 and 162 MeV in 45° course. We laid out the optical devices in consideration of the focal distancewhich maximize the space and minimize the beam radius at the target points. The results are shown in Fig.
2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. The box and the circle shapes at the top of the figure show the devices and the target
points. Figures under the shapes are the distances. The curved lines show beam envelopes. The dark line
shows a horizontal envelope and the light one shows a vertical envelope. Each course has two target points.
Upper beam envelopes in each figure are for the target of short distance and the others are for the target oflong distance.
There are enough spaces around the target points for installing not only optical devices and vacuum devices
but large apparatus such as a -ray spectrometer. The beam radii are 0.5~1.0mm at the target points. It issufficiently small to realize that we use a several micrograms radioisotope for target. The research on
surrogate reactions and material properties of reactor fuel will be carried out there.

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

㪄㩷㪎㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

FC: Faraday cup

BPM : Beam profile monitor

MQ : Magnetostatic quadrupole lens

DS : Double slit

MS : Magnetostatic steerer

BM : Bending magnet

Fig. 2 The devices layout and beam envelopes at 0° course.

Fig. 3 The devices layout and beam envelopes at 20° course.

Fig. 4 The devices layout and beam envelopes at 45° course.
Reference[1] J. D. Larson, Nuclear Instru. Methods, 189 (1981) 71-91.

㪄㩷㪏㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

1.4Preliminary experiment of the hydrogen analysis
by the NRA method using 15N beam from TIS
M. Matsuda1, T. Asozu1, M. Nakamura1 and M. Sataka1

For the analysis of hydrogen in solids, the 15N nuclear reaction technique, which utilizes the 6.385 MeV
resonance of the reaction H(15N,DJ)12C, has become a well-established tool. 15N beam in the energy range
of 6.3-13.3 MeV is used for measurement of depth distribution of hydrogen in a target sample. These low
energy beams can be obtained easily from TIS by extracting single charged ions.
First, we measured depth distribution of hydrogen in a WO3(H) target sample experimentally. The
hydrogen concentration in the sample was 0.7×1017/cm2. For measuring the 4.4 MeV gamma-rays from theH(15N,DJ)12C reaction, a 3”×3” NaI detector was used. The detector and the target sample were installed in
L2 beam line tentatively. 15N+ beam could not be deflected to the L2 beam line because there was a limit of
the magnetic field of the switching magnet. So, the charge state was changed to 5+ by a post stripper foil.
Fig. 1 shows the profile of H in WO3 sample prepared by thermal oxidation. The horizontal axis is thebeam energy calculated from the magnetic field of the energy analyzing magnet. The rising point of thegraph, 6.485 MeV, differs from the resonance energy, 6.385 MeV. It caused that the energy calibration was
insufficient and an energy loss was occurred by the post stripper foil. Fig. 1 shows that the thickness of anoxide layer of WO3(H) was about 0.7 Pm. This result was in qualitative agreement with othermeasurements. To quantify hydrogen concentration, we should measure beam current correctly.
Next, the beam energy calibration of the tandem accelerator was experimentally performed. 15N+ beamfrom the tandem accelerator was directly guided to the H1 beam line. We used a WO3(H) and a quartz
which did not contain hydrogen for target samples. The opening width of the double slit at the object point
and the image point of the energy analyzing magnet were 6(x) x 6(y) mm and 1(x) x 2(y) mm, respectively.
Fig. 2 shows H profiles of these samples near the surface. Starting point of the reaction was determined tobe 6.32 MeV from the magnetic field. Therefore, it was found that the difference of the present beamenergy calibration was about 60keV (1%) below the resonance energy.

Fig. 1 Hydrogen profile of WO3(H) sample.
1

Fig. 2 Hydrogen profiles of WO3(H)quartz samples near the surface.

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

㻙㻌㻥㻌㻙㻌

andThis is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

CHAPTER 2
Nuclear Structure

2.1

In-beam J-ray spectroscopy of neutron-deficient actinide nuclei
using heavy-ion induced transfer reactions

2.2  Development of a gas cell for on-line laser spectroscopy of refractory elements
2.3

Development of high-resolution D fine-structure spectroscopy for the heaviest nuclei

2.4Coulomb excitation experiment of 126Xe
2.5

Experiment for synthesis of a new isotope 216U

2.6

Development of an electrodeposited target for a surrogate reaction

2.7

Development of spin-polarized radioactive nuclear beam for nuclear spectroscopy
through E-delayed decay of spin-polarized nuclei around doubly magic nucleus 132Sn

㪄㩷㪈㪈㩷㪄㩷This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

2.1

In-beam J-ray spectroscopy of neutron-deficient actinide nuclei
using heavy-ion induced transfer reactions
M. Asai1, T. Ishii1, R. Takahashi1,2, H. Makii1, K. Tsukada1 and N. Sato1

In-beam J-ray spectroscopy using heavy-ion induced transfer reactions is very powerful to study high-spinstates in neutron-rich actinide nuclei. In fact, we successfully performed in-beam J-ray spectroscopy ofneutron-rich Th, U, Pu, Cm and Cf isotopes using 238U, 244Pu, 248Cm and 249,250,251Cf targets [1-6] and withtransfer reactions of (18O,16O), (18O,20Ne), (18O,17O), (16O,15O) etc. On the other hand, experimental data of
high-spin states in neutron-deficient actinide nuclei are still lacking. To study excited states inneutron-deficient actinide nuclei, we have started a series of in-beam J-ray spectroscopy using proton
pickup reactions with an 233U target.
An 233U target with a thickness of 1.8 mg/cm2 was prepared by an electrodeposition onto a 0.8 mg/cm2
thick Al backing. The target was bombarded with a 156 MeV 18O8+ beam or a 155 MeV 16O8+ beam fromthe tandem accelerator. Projectile-like scattered particles were detected by four Si 'E-E telescopes placed
at 60 mm away from the target, and at 40qwith respect to the beam axis. Six Ge detectors were set aroundthe target chamber to detect in-beam J rays in coincidence with the scattered particles. Detailed descriptionsof the experimental setup are given in Ref. [2].
By setting a gate on the measured E-'E distribution of scattered particles, events of the proton transfer
reactions of (18O,17N) or (16O,15N) are selected. With the compiled events, in-beam J rays from Np isotopes
as well as intense Np K X rays were successfully observed. The yields of neutron-deficient Np isotopes in
the reaction with the 18O projectile were compared with those with the 16O projectile to examine theoptimum experimental conditions. Data analysis is now in progress.

References[1] T. Ishii et al., Phys. Rev., C72(2005)021301(R).
[2] T. Ishii et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 75(2006)043201.
[3] T. Ishii et al., Phys. Rev., C76(2007)011303(R).
[4] H. Makii et al., Phys. Rev., C76(2007)061301(R).
[5] T. Ishii et al., Phys. Rev., C78(2008)054309.
[6] R. Takahashi et al., Phys. Rev., C81(2010)057303.

1
2Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Tokyo University of Science㪄㩷㪈㪊㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

2.2

Development of a gas cell for on-line laser spectroscopyof refractory elements
H. Iimura1, M. Koizumi1, M. Miyabe1 and M. Oba1

Laser spectroscopy of the hyper-fine structures (HFS) and isotope shifts (IS) in atomic spectra has been
providing much information on the studies of nuclear structure because nuclear moments and nuclear
charge radii can be determined from the HFS and IS, respectively. Neutron-deficient nuclei in the rhenium
region (Z~75) have been attracting much interest because axially asymmetric shapes are predicted
theoretically for them [1]. However, the laser spectroscopy for these isotopes is very scarce because
elements in this region are so refractory that they are difficult to be atomized. In order to perform the laser
spectroscopy for these isotopes, we are developing an on-line gas cell technique. Following is our recent
progress.
The schematic geometry of the gas cell is shown in Fig. 1, which is similar to the one constructed at theStony Brook tandem accelerator facility [2]. The nickel foil window isolates the gas cell from theaccelerator beam line. The gas cell is filled with gas of proper pressure so that the reaction products
recoiling out of the target stop at the center of the inner cell.

Then, a laser beam illuminates them before

Photomultiplier
tube
Lens

FilterInner cell
Laser beam

MirrorLiquid nitrogen reservoir

Laser beam

Beam stop

TargetNi foilIon beam fromaccelerator

0

10

20 cm

Fig. 1 Schematic layout of the gas cell. The upper and lower sections of the figure areside and top views of the cell, respectively.
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

㪄㩷㪈㪋㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

they diffuse through the gas to the wall of the cell. Laser-induced fluorescence is collected on a
photomultiplier tube by a mirror and lenses. Color glass filters suppress stray light from the laser. To reducethe background light coming from the collisions between the gas and ion beam, a beam stop is placed

Prior to the studies of radioactive isotopes,
we are working with stable isotopes toimprove the resolution and sensitivity of
the apparatus. In order to simulate thetungsten isotopes (Z=74) produced byheavy-ion fusion reactions, a beam ofstable 184W was accelerated to 100 MeV byusing the tandem accelerator and injected
into the gas cell without setting the target
and the beam stop. This energy was

Fluorescence intensity (arb. scale)between the target and the inner cell.

selected so that the energy of the tungsten

551.4

beam, after passing through the 5 Pm Ni

551.5

551.6

551.7 551.8

Laser wavelength (nm)foil window, became the same as that of thereaction-produced isotopes. The intensity

Fig. 2 Spectrum of the 551.6-nm transition of 184W.

of the tungsten beam was about 1 pnA. The
gas cell was filled with 19 hPa of argon.
The investigated optical transition in tungsten atom is the 551.6-nm transition from 5d46s2 5D2 level at 3326
cm-1  5d46s6p 7D1 level at 21454 cm-1. The wavelength of a tunable dye laser, the bandwidth of which was
about 2 GHz, was changed stepwise, and the signal from the photomultiplier tube was counted at eachwavelength. The result is shown in Fig. 2. Although the fluorescence intensity fluctuates, the resonancepeak at 551.6-nm is observed. Now we are working to obtain a better spectrum by scanning continuously
the wavelength of the tunable dye laser with narrower bandwidth of about 1 MHz. Also we plan to reducethe background by chopping the ion beam and the laser beam and counting the signal while these beams areoff. After these improvements, we will try on-line laser spectroscopy of unstable tungsten isotopes.
References[1] P. Möller et al., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 94(2008)758-780.
[2] A. Berger et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A311(1992)224-239.

㪄㩷㪈㪌㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

2.3

Development of high-resolution D fine-structure spectroscopy
for the heaviest nuclei

M. Asai1, Y. Shima2, N. Sato1, K. Tsukada1, A. Toyoshima1, T.K. Sato1, T. Ishii1 and M. Shibata2

Locations of proton and neutron single-particle orbitals in the heaviest nuclei provide direct information on
the shell structure of superheavy nuclei. To establish the proton and neutron single-particle orbitals,
experimental assignments of spin-parities and single-particle configurations of the ground states as well as
excited states and experimental determination of excitation energies are indispensable. The D-J coincidence
spectroscopy is one of the most sensitive methods to investigate the level structure of the heaviest nuclei.
However, in the D decay of the heaviest nuclei, intensities of J rays are typically very weak because D
decays preferentially populate low-energy states in the daughter nucleus and low-energy J transitions
typically have large internal conversion coefficients, especially in nuclei with the large atomic number.
Moreover, if the D decays directly populate the ground state or isomeric states, no J ray is observed. To
overcome these difficulties, we have developed high-resolution D fine-structure spectroscopy which makes
it possible to identify single-particle configurations only through the D-singles measurement. In this work,
applicability of this method is demonstrated by measuring D fine structure of 257No.
The nucleus 257No was produced in the 248Cm(13C,4n) reaction. The beam energy was 70 MeV on target,
and the average beam intensity was 0.8-particle PA. Reaction products recoiling out of the target were
thermalized in He gas, transported through a 25-m long capillary with a He/KCl aerosol jet into arotating-wheel D detection system, and deposited on a thin catcher foil eighty of which were set on thewheel. The wheel was periodically rotated at 30-s intervals to move the deposited sources to six
consecutive detector stations each of which was equipped with a Si detector (PIPS). To measure D finestructure precisely, the Si detectors were set at the distance with a solid angle of 15% of 4S sr from thesource. This setup reduces a low-energy tail of D peaks and also reduces energy sum between D particles
and subsequently emitted conversion electrons, Auger electrons, and low-energy X rays which considerably
distorts the measured D-energy spectrum. For comparison, D energy spectra were also measured at the
distances with solid angles of 24% and 5% of 4S sr. The D-energy resolution of 12 keV FWHM wasachieved at the 15% distance.
Figure 1 shows an D-energy spectrum of 257No measured at the 5% distance. It was previously reported that
there are two D transitions with energies of 8222 and 8323 keV in the D decay of 257No [1]. The present
D-energy spectrum clearly shows each of the 8222 and 8323 keV D groups contains one intense D transition
plus two weak D ones which could not be distinguished in the previous experiment [1] owing to theinsufficient D-energy resolution. These D lines are considered to be the transitions to rotational band
members built on each one-quasiparticle state. Figure 2 shows an D decay scheme of 257No constructed1
2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Nagoya University㪄㩷㪈㪍㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

from the present D fine-structure measurement. The 205 keV level in 253Fm was observed for the first timein the present work. The 0, 22, and 47 keV levels are assigned to be the 1/2+, 3/2+, and 5/2+ states in the
1/2+[620] band, respectively; their energy spacings are characteristic of the 1/2+[620] rotational band. The
124, 159, and 205 keV levels are assigned to be the 3/2+, 5/2+, and 7/2+ states in the 3/2+[622] band,
respectively. Their energy spacings are very close to those of the 3/2+[622] rotational band in theneighboring nuclei 249Cm and 251Cf [2]. The D-transition intensities to each rotational band androtational-band member also show large dependences on the spin-parity and single-particle configuration.
Although the rotational bands in 253Fm have been already established in our previous D-J (e) coincidence
measurement [1], the present result demonstrates that we could assign spin-parities and single-particle
configurations in 253Fm only through the D fine-structure measurement.

Counts / 4 keV

3/2+

10

2

3/2+[622]
5/2

10

7/2

1

10 0
8000

1/2 +[620]
3/2 +

Sum

+

+

1/2+

5/2 +

8100
8200
8300
Alpha Energy (keV)

Fig. 1 Measured D fine-structure spectrum of 257No.
+

3/2 [622] 3/2 +
257
7/2

+

205

5/2

+

3/2 +[622] 3/2 +

159
124

5/2 ++
3/2+
1/2 [620] 1/2 +

47
22
0

253

D

No

8222 keV

8323 keV

Fm

Fig. 2 Alpha decay scheme of 257No constructed from the present D fine-structure measurement.
References[1] M. Asai et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 95 (2005) 102502.
[2] Table of Isotopes, 8th ed. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1996).

㪄㩷㪈㪎㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

2.4

Coulomb excitation experiment of 126Xe

M. Koizumi11, Y. Toh1, A. Kimura1, Y. Hatsukawa1, K. Furutaka1, H. Harada1, F. Kitatani1,
S. Nakamura1, M. Sugawara2 and E. Ideguchi3

Being located in a transitional region, stable Xe isotopes gradually change their properties from a
γ-unstable character (A ~ 124) to a vibrational (A = 134) [1]. In terms of dynamic symmetry of the IBM,the change is considered as a shape phase transition from O(6) to U(5) symmetry. Theoretical calculations
suggested that the E(5) critical point of the shape phase transition would appear at around A = 130 in Xe
isotopes [2,3]. To understand the characters of those nuclei, information on electromagnetic properties isrequired. The B(E2) values near the ground state of 126-136Xe are, however, scarcely measured. As for the126

Xe, which is considered to be a γ-unstable nuclei, no B(E2) has been measured except for B(E2:+

21 01+).
Coulomb excitation is a useful method for measurements of B(E2)s and quadrupole moments near the
ground states of nuclei [4,5]. Our systematic study revealed nuclear properties and their evolutions of stable
nuclei with A ~ 70 [6-13]. To obtain electromagnetic properties of 126-136Xe isotopes, we have started
Coulomb excitation experiments.

(b)
2 +
1
→
0

2 +
1
→
0

1+

1+

(a)

4

10

2

10

4

10

2

1+

2 +
2
→
0

0

0

10
500

4 +
2
→
2
6 + 2+
1
→
4
1+

Yield

1+

0
2 +
2
→

Yield

2 +
2
→
4 + 21 +
1
→
2
1+

2 +
2
→
2
4 + 1+
1
→
2
1+

10

1000

1500

2000

2500

10
500

1000

1500

2000

2500

E n e rg y [a .u .]E n e rg y [a .u .]Fig. 1 Doppler-corrected particle-γ coincidence spectra measured with a Ge detector. (a) A Doppler-corrected
spectrum obtained in the 12C(126Xe, γ) experiment; the peak between the 22＋ 21＋ and 41＋ 21＋ transition
is a background peak, the origin of which is the radioactive nucleus produced during the adjustment of ion
beam. (b) A Doppler-corrected spectrum obtained in the 208Pb(126Xe, γ) experiment.

1Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Chiba Institute of Technology
3
CNS, the University of Tokyo2㪄㩷㪈㪏㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

Coulomb excitation experiments of 12C(126Xe, γ) and 208Pb(126Xe, γ) were carried out with 385-MeV and
560-MeV 126Xe beams; both beam energies are below each of the Coulomb barrier. The beam currents wereapproximately 0.5 pnA in both cases. The target thicknesses of carbon and 208Pb foils were 500 μm and 0.9
μm (1 mg/cm2), respectively. A γ-ray detector array, GEMINI-II [14,15], was used to detect de-excitation γrays, and a position sensitive particle detector array, LUNA [16], was used to detect recoiled or scatteredparticles. Totally, approximately 8×106 and 3×107 particle-γ coincidence events were obtained in theC(126Xe, γ) experiment and in the 208Pb(126Xe, γ) experiment, respectively.

12

Position data of LUNA were used for corrections of Doppler shift of γ-energies. Deduced angles of recoiled
carbon and scattered 126Xe were used for the correction in the 12C(126Xe, γ) and the 208Pb(126Xe, γ) reaction,
respectively. Figure 1 shows Doppler-corrected γ spectra. During the adjustment of the ion beam in theC(126Xe, γ) experiment, it happened that 14N2+ hit the carbon target (the A/Q of it is the same as that of

12

126

Xe18+); this resulted in producing radioactive isotopes. The experiment was, therefore, carried out with

126

Xe24+ ion beam. A sharp peak of Fig. 1(a) between the 22＋ 21＋ and 41＋ 21＋ transition is 511-keV γ

ray relevant to the decay of the unstable nuclei. Four de-excitation peaks are identified in the 12C(126Xe, γ)
spectrum, and six peaks in the 208Pb(126Xe, γ) spectrum. 126Xe was excited up to the 61+ and 42+ states with
208

Pb(126Xe, γ) reaction; the excitation energy of the 61+ and 42+ states are 1634 keV and 1488 keV,

respectively. The analysis of the experimental data is in progress. B(E2) values and quadrupole moments
will be deduced with the χ2 minimum search code GOSIA.
References[1] R.F. Casten and P.V. Brentano, Phys. Lett., 152(1985)22.
[2] D.L. Zhang and Y.X. Liu, Chin. Phys. Lett., 20(2003)1028-1030.
[3] R. Fossin, Dennis Bonatsos, and G.A. Lalazissis, Phys. Rev., C73 (2006)044310.
[4] K. Alder and A. Winther, Coulomb Excitation (Academic, New York, 1966).
[5] K. Alder and A. Winther, Electromagnetic Excitation (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1975).
[6] Y. Toh et al., J. Phys., G27(2001)1475-1480.
[7] Y. Toh et al., Eur. Phys. J., A9(2000)353-356.
[8] A. Osa et al., Phys. Lett., B546(2002)48-54.
[9] M. Zielinska et al., Nucl. Phys., A712(2002)3-13.
[10] M. Koizumi et al., Eur. Phys. J., A18(2003)87-92.
[11] M. Sugawara et al., Eur. Phys. J., A16(2003)409-414.
[12] M. Koizumi et al., Nucl. Phys., A736(2003)46-58.
[13] T. Hayakawa et al., Phys. Rev., C67(2003)064310.
[14] K. Furuno et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A421(1999)211; M. Oshima et al., J. Radioanal.
Nucl. Chem., 278 (2008)257-262.
[15] M.Oshima et al., J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 278 (2008)257-262.
[16] Y. Toh et al., Rev. Sci. Inst., 73 (2002)47-50.

㪄㩷㪈㪐㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

2.5

Experiment for synthesis of a new isotope 216U

Y. Wakabayashi1, K. Nishio1, S. Mitsuoka1, I. Nishinaka1, H. Makii1, R. Takahashi1,
S. Yan1 and H. Miyatake2

Synthesis of neutron-deficient actinide nucleus close to the N=126 shell closure is important to understandthe stability of the N=126 closed shell [1] and also to study the nuclear structure for the actinide nucleus
with spherical shape. We have started a campaign to investigate the nuclei in this region. In this report, wehave carried out the experiment to produce a new isotope 216U in the fusion reaction of 82Kr+138Ba and tomeasure its alpha-decay energy and half-life.
The experiment to produce 216U was performed using the 138Ba (82Kr, 4n) 216U reaction. The cross sectionof 216U is estimated to be about 100 pb using the HIVAP code [2]. The 82Kr12+ beam of 395 MeV was
supplied from the JAEA-tandem accelerator and bombarded the rotating 138Ba target foil. The 138Ba targetsof 233 and 332 Pg/cm2 in thickness were made by sputtering a 99%-enriched material of 138Ba isotope on
0.8 mm aluminum foil. A total beam dose of 6.7x1016 was accumulated. Evaporation residues (ER’s)emitted to the beam direction were separated from the 82Kr beam by a recoil mass separator (JAEA-RMS).
The separated recoils were implanted into a double-sided position-sensitive strip detector (PSD; 73x55mm2). The energy calibration of the PSD was performed using known D lines from 204Rn(6.42 MeV),
209

Fr(6.65 MeV), and 207Ra(7.13 MeV) produced in the 82Kr+130Te reaction. Two Multi Channel Plates(MCP’s) were used for timing detectors to obtain the time-of-flight (TOF) signal of the ER’s. The presenceof the signal in the timing detectors was also used to separate the Ddecay in the PSD from the recoil
implantation.

Fig. 1 Two dimensional spectrum of theenergy versus TOF obtained from the82
Kr+138Ba reaction. The unit of X and Y axis
are MeV and ch, respectively. The dashed line
shows the area of ER’s.

1
2

Fig. 2 Two dimensional spectrum of D-D
correlation originated from ER’s. The X and Y
axis are D-particle energy emitted from parent
nucleus and daughter one, respectively. The
circle with arrow and name shows a D chain
starting from parent nucleus.

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)㻙㻌㻞㻜㻌㻙㻌

JAEA-Review 2011-040

Figure 1 shows a two dimensional spectrum of the recoil energy versus TOF obtained from the 82Kr+138Ba
reaction. In Fig. 1, the region of dashed line also shows the area of ER’s produced by the 82Kr+138Ba
reaction. From the result of analysis using this area, D-D correlation spectrum was obtained as shown in Fig.
2. It was found that D-D chains from ER’s shown in Fig. 3 were observed as indicated. One event for
known 217U [3] was observed, which we expect to have the same cross section as 216U in this incident
energy. As shown in Fig. 4 (a), the cross section of this nucleus was estimated to be about 100 pb as sameas 216U. Here, in this experiment, we obtained an upper-limit cross-section of 65 pb for 216U and confirmed
the consistent cross-section for other observed ER’s. This indicates that the estimation using the HIVAP
code is reliable for the 82Kr+138Ba reaction system. We will continue the experiment to produce 216U down
to the cross section limit of 10 pb.
Fig. 3 Schematic view of D-decay chain startingfrom ER’s. In this figure, 216U is described as arelevant. 212Th and 208Ra are known nuclei. The
half-lives and D-particle energies are shown. For
216
U, these are calculated ones by Koura et al [1].

Fig. 4 (a)㹼(i) Comparison of the cross sections
with HIVAP calculation and experimentdescribed by line and filled square, respectively.
The X and Y axis are 82Kr beam energy and crosssection, respectively. For Fig. 4 (a), a filled circle
indicates an upper-limit cross-section of 65 pb.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(f)

(g)

(d)

(h)

References[1] H. Koura and T. Tachibana, Btsuri (in Japanese), 60 (2005)717-724.
[2] W. Reisdorf and M. Schadel, Z. Phys., A343(1992)47-57.
[3] O.N. Malyshev et al., Eur. Phys. J., A8(2000)295-297.

㻙㻌㻞㻝㻌㻙㻌(e)(i)

JAEA-Review 2011-040

2.6Development of an electrodeposited target for a surrogate reaction
T. Ishii1, H. Makii1, I. Nishinaka1, M. Asai1, K. Tsukada1 and R. Takahashi1,2

We develop a surrogate reaction method for deducing neutron cross sections of an actinide nucleus whose
lifetime is too short to be used as a target. In this method, neutron incident energy is derived from thekinetic energy of a scattered nucleus. For example, using the 238U(18O,16O)240U transfer reaction, neutron
incident energy for the n+239U reaction can be obtained from the kinetic energy of 16O. Therefore, it isimportant to measure kinetic energies of scattered particles with good energy resolution. Actinide targets,e.g., Pu and Cm, used in the surrogate reaction are usually produced by an electrodeposited method becauseof their scarcity and radioactivity. In our earlier experiment using an electrodeposited 248Cm target, we haveexperienced a bad energy resolution of scattered particles, which should be caused by a large variation of
thickness of this target. Therefore, we have examined the uniformity of the thickness of an electrodepositedtarget, using gadolinium instead of radioactive actinide.
An electrodeposited target was prepared as follows. 5l nitric gadolinium (Gd(NO3)36H2O) aqueous
solution of 8.9 mol/l was dissolved in isopropyl alcohol of 2 ml. High voltage of 1000 V was applied to aplatinum electrode in the solution, and nitric gadolinium was electrodeposited on an aluminum foil during
15 min. Electrodeposited area was 5 mm in diameter. The thickness of nitric gadolinium was 0.71 mg/cm2
and that of the aluminum foil was 0.5mg/cm2. For comparison, we also made an evaporated metal Gd targetof 0.37 mg/cm2 in thickness on a 0.4 mg/cm2 thick aluminum foil.
We have tested the uniformity of thickness for the targets by measuring kinetic energies of elasticallyscattering particles using a 135 MeV 18O beam at the JAEA tandem accelerator. Beam was collimated using
an aperture of 1.4 mm in diameter. Elastically scattered particles were measured at 28±0.6 degree withrespect to the beam axis using a Si detector. Figures 1(a) and 1(b) show energy spectra of scattered particles
of 18O for the evaporated target and the electrodeposited target, respectively. The peak width (FWHM) for
the former and the latter target was 500 keV and 650 keV, respectively. The spectrum for theelectrodeposited target has a large tail. By observing this target using a microscope, we have found that thistarget has many spherical-shape particles about 20 m in diameter. This should cause a large energy loss.
By changing the electrodeposited condition, we can reduce these particles. We will find conditions for
producing a target with good uniformity of thickness.

1
2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Tokyo University of Science㪄㩷㪉㪉㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

Fig. 1 Energy spectra of elastically scattered 18O particles measured by a Si detector (a) for anevaporated Gd target (metal Gd of 0.37 mg/cm2 in thickness) and (b) for an electrodeposited Gdtarget (nitric Gd of 0.71 mg/cm2 in thickness). Beam energy of 18O was 135 MeV. Peak width(FWHM) of the elastically scattered peak in the spectrum (a) and (b) is 500 keV and 650 keV,
respectively.

㪄㩷㪉㪊㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

2.7 Development of spin-polarized radioactive nuclear beam
for nuclear spectroscopy through E-delayed decay of spin-polarized nuclei
around doubly magic nucleus 132Sn
Y. Hirayama1, M. Mihara2, Y.X. Watanabe1, N. Imai1, S.C. Jeong1, K. Matsuta2, H. Miyatake1,
S. Momota3, H. Ishiyama1, T. Izumikawa4, I. Nishinaka5, K. Nishio5, H. Makii5, S. Mitsuoka5,
Y. Otokawa5, T.K. Sato5 and Y. Wakabayashi5Spin-polarized radioactive isotope beam (RIB) is a useful tool to study nuclear structures and materialscience. For nuclear spectroscopy around the doubly magic nucleus 132Sn at TRIAC facility, we havedeveloped the tilted-foil (TF) technique [1] for the production of spin-polarized radioactive isotope beams.
The details of the TF method and the previous results of the development at TRIAC were reported in refs.
[2, 3]. Here, we report the successful production of spin-polarized 123Ing.s. (71/2 = 6.17 s, I S= 9/2+, g =1.220) for the first time and the systematic study for enhancement of polarization by means of multi-tilted
foil using 8Lig.s. (71/2 = 838 ms, I S= 2+, g = 0.8268).
The experimental conditions for the production of 123Ing.s. polarization are as follows: The beam energy was
305 keV/nucleon. The carbon foil with thickness of 10 Pg/cm2 was used as a stack of 15 sheets with tilted
angle of 70o. The stopper material for the preservation of nuclear polarization was a cubic semiconductor
crystal of InAs (N-type) at a temperature of about 18 K under the magnetic field of B0 ~ 0.5 T. In thepresent experiment, the nuclear polarization of 123Ing.s. was successfully produced by the TF method owing
to stable supply for about 24 hours of 123In beam with the intensity of about 1.6×103 particles per second(pps). Figure 1 shows the measured nuclear polarization at the tilted angles of r70o by E-NMR technique.
The degrees of nuclear polarization are 0.67 ± 0.47% and +2.37 ± 0.90% at tilted angles of r70o
reversing the stacked tilted-foils, respectively. The change of nuclear polarization according to the foil
direction clearly demonstrates that the 123Ing.s. nucleus was polarized by the TF method and the procedureof NMR worked properly. From the double ratio between the nuclear polarization of r70o, the degree of
nuclear polarization 1.63 ± 0.54% was deduced in the accuracy of 3.0 times of the standard deviation (V),which indicated that the ground state of 123In was certainly polarized by the TF method.
A study of the TF method has been performed using the 8Li beam with typical beam intensity of 105 pps.
8

Li nuclei were implanted in an annealed platinum stopper foil of 10 Pm thick at room temperature, where

the magnetic field of B0 ~0.05 T was applied to preserve the nuclear polarization. The E-NMR technique
was applied to the measurement of the nuclear polarization. Figure 2 shows the obtained polarization as afunction of the number of foils. The foils used for this experiment were polystyrene foils with thickness of
3.8 Pg/cm2 and the incident beam energies were 140, 178 and 240 keV/nucleon. The measured nuclear
1

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Osaka University
3 Kochi University of Technology
4 Niigata University, 5 Japan Atomic Energy Agency(JAEA)
2

㪄㩷㪉㪋㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

polarization PI successfully built up with increase in the number of foils. And at the lower incident energies,
much higher nuclear polarization PI were produced with the same numbers of the foils. The solid lines inFig. 2 show the fitted results using the classical-model formula PI (N) ~ (I+1)/(J+1) (1-QN)PJ, where themulti-foil effect is taken into account [4]. Here N is the number of foils, I and J are nuclear and atomic
spins, respectively, PJ is the degree of atomic polarization. For small PJ, Q is expressed approximately by:
1-2J2/3I2 if I/J>1, 1/2 if I/J = 1, 1/3 if I/J < 1. Dominant atomic state for the atomic and nuclear polarization
could be estimated by using the formula for the nuclear polarization PI measured as a function of thenumber of foils.The data points observed with largest number of foils at the beam energy of 140 and 240
keV/nucleon are largely deviated from the general tendency. Except for the two data points, the data points
seem to be well reproduced with the formula. In the fitting, we assumed the atomic spin of J = 1/2 for 8Li
ions. This value actually governs the dependence of the polarization on the number of foils. If the atomic
spin is assumed to be higher than J = 1/2, the formula becomes saturated with about 10 foils and cannot
reproduce the experimental data. It indicates that 2p (2P1/2) state would dominantly contribute to produce
the polarization of 8Li. The most probable values for the PJ were 7.95(22), 5.66(15) and 3.85(19) % for 140,

.0

Nuclear polarization PI (%)

Nuclear polarization PI (%)

176 and 240 keV/nucleon, respectively, and decreased with increasing incident energies in the present case.

.0
.0
.0

.0
.0

70

0

+70

Tilted angle ( degree )

10
8
6
4
140 keV/A
178 keV/A
240 keV/A

2
0

0

5

10

15

20

25

Number of foils N
Fig.1 The degrees of nuclear polarization of123oIn were measured at tilted angles of ±70

reversing the stacked tilted-foils.

Fig. 2 Nuclear polarization PI of 8Li beam asfunctions of the number of polystyrene foils
measured for incident beam energies of 140, 178
and 240 keV/nucleon, respectively. The solid lines
were given by fitting the formula for nuclear
polarization PI to the data

References[1] Y. Nojiri and B.I. Deutch, Phys. Rev. Lett., 51 (1983)180.
[2] Y. Hirayama et al., JAEA-Review, 2007-046 (2007)28.
[3] Y. Hirayama et al., JAEA-Review, 2008-054 (2008)48.
[4] M. Lindroos et al., Nucl. Phys., A361(1995)53.

㪄㩷㪉㪌㩷㪄㩷

30

This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

CHAPTER 3
Nuclear Reaction

3.1

Influence of the reaction Q-value on heavy-ion induced fission

3.2 Fission fragment anisotropy in heavy-ion-induced fission of actinides
3.3 Measurement of the 12C(D,J)16O cross sections by using TRIAC
3.4

Development of Si 'E-E detector for detection of light ions㪄㩷㪉㪎㩷㪄㩷This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

3.1

Influence of the reaction Q-value on heavy-ion induced fission

K. Nishio1, S. Mitsuoka1, I. Nishinaka1, H. Makii1, Y. Wakabayashi1, H. Ikezoe1,
T. Ohtsuki2 and K. Hirose2

Understanding of heavy-ion fusion is important to make a proper estimation of the production cross section
for superheavy nuclei (SHN). In heavy-ion induced reactions, quasifission competes with fusion, so that thefusion cross section is lower than the cross section that the colliding nuclei penetrate or overcome the
Coulomb barrier. A possible way to get information on fusion is to measure the fission fragments producedby heavy-ion collision. The fission process has two origins with different properties; the compound-nucleus
fission (fusion-fission) and quasifission. The fusion probability can be estimated from the measured fission
spectra with the help of a theoretical model such as unified theory [1,2]. In this model, fusion-fission andquasifission evolve on a potential energy surface of a nucleus with different trajectories and form theinherent mass distribution. The incident beam energy has a crucial effect on the evolution of the nuclear
shape. After the collision between the projectile and target nucleus, the trajectory calculation is started byreferring the excitation energy of a system relative to the ground state, E* ( = Ec.m. + Q ) [2], so that the
Q-value is a variable in addition to the incident energy Ec.m.
We measured the incident-energy dependence of the fission fragment mass distribution in the reactions of
40

Ca + 238U and 48Ca+238U in order to see the effects of the reaction Q-value on the fusion process. The

Q-values for fusion are -138.6 MeV and -159.1 MeV for the former and the latter reactions, respectively.
These reactions will have a difference in the excitation energy of 20.5 MeV at a certain incident energy
Ec.m.. In the heavy-ion induced fission using actinide target nucleus, it has been known that quasifission has
a mass-asymmetric fission yield, whereas fusion-fission has a symmetric yield [3-6].
The purpose of this work is to see if the variable E* can account for the relative yield for symmetric andasymmetric fission.
The experiment was carried out by using 40Ca and 48Ca beams supplied by the tandem-booster accelerator.
The 238U target was made by an electro-deposition method. The fission fragments were detected incoincidence by position-sensitive multi-wire proportional counters (MWPCs). The experimental setup was
essentially the same as in [6]. Fission fragment masses are determined by using a conservation law for themass and momentum. Results for the mass distributions are shown in Fig. 1. The yield is normalized suchthat the sum of the yield over the mass is 200 %. In both reactions, we observed transition from thesymmetric to asymmetric mass distributions to the direction of low incident energy. The variation of themass distribution represents the effects of deformed target nucleus on the completion between fusion andquasifission. The 238U target nucleus has a prolate deformation. At the high incident energy, where theprojectile can collide on the equatorial side of the target nucleus, the fusion probability is larger. The

1
2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Tohoku University㪄㩷㪉㪐㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

quasifission increases at the low incident energy, where the projectile can contact only to the polar sides of238

U.

Agreement of the shape of the mass distribution between 48Ca + 238U and 40Ca + 238U is seen when they arecompared at the same the incident energy (Ec.m.) rather than the excitation energy (E*). In a preliminary
calculation, the conditional saddle point which the 40Ca + 238U system must surmount to reach the shape ofthe compound nucleus is about 26 MeV higher than that for 48Ca + 238U. It means that the former reactionneeds 26 MeV higher excitation energy than the latter reaction to give the same fusion probability.
Considering the difference in the Q-value ( 20.5 MeV), this condition is achieved when the incident beamenergy has a similar value.

Fig. 1Fission fragment mass distributions for 48Ca+238U and 40Ca+238U. Reaction energy in thecenter-of-mass frame (Ec.m.) and excitation energy (E*) are shown.
References[1] V. Zagrebaev and W. Greiner, J. Phys., G31(2005)825.
[2] Y. Aritomo, Phys. Rev., C80(2009)064604.
[3] W.Q. Shen et al., Phys. Rev., C36(1987)115.
[4] J.Töke et al., Nucl. Phys., A440(1985)327.
[5] M.G. Itkis et al., Nucl. Phys., A787(2007)150c.
[6] K. Nishio et al., Phys. Rev., C77(2008)064607.

㪄㩷㪊㪇㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

3.2

Fission fragment anisotropy in heavy-ion-induced fission of actinides
I. Nishinaka1, K. Nishio1, M. Tanikawa2, H. Makii1, S. Mitsuoka1,
Y. Wakabayashi1 and A. Yokoyama3

In heavy-ion-induced fission of actinides at near-barrier energies, it has been found that fission fragment
anisotropy become anomalously large compared with that expected from the standard saddle point model.
The pre-equilibrium K-states model suggests that entrance channel mass asymmetry D=(At-Ap)/(At+Ap)
plays an important role for fission fragment anisotropy in heavy-ion-induced fission of actinides [1, 2]. At
and Ap are mass numbers of target and projectile nuclei, respectively. In the previous work [3], in order tostudy the effect of entrance channel mass asymmetry Don fission fragment anisotropy, we measured fission
fragment angular distributions in the reactions of 22Ne+232Th (D =0.827) and 12C+242Pu (D =0.906),
producing the same compound nucleus 254Fm. The results suggest that entrance channel mass asymmetry
play a role for fission fragment anisotropy. In addition, we have measured fission fragment angular
distribution for 16O+238U (D =0.874) populating 254Fm to obtain additional and detailed information on theeffect of entrance channel mass asymmetry.
A 238U target was irradiated with 16O ions of energy Elab = 100.8, 96.9, 93.0, 89.1, and 85.0 MeV at the
JAEA tandem accelerator, excitation energies of the compound nucleus being 56.1, 52.5 48.8, 45.2, and41.3 MeV, respectively. These excitation energies except for 41.3 MeV correspond to the same excitationenergies of the compound nucleus 254Fm for 22Ne+232Th and 12C+242Pu in the previous work [3]. The 238U
target with a thickness of 174 Pg/cm2 was prepared by molecular electrodeposition onto 89 Pg/cm2 nickel
foil. Fission fragments were measured by three position-sensitive parallel-plate avalanche counters(PPACs) and a silicon surface barrier detector (SSD). Each PPAC has the sensitive area of 208 cm2 forhorizontal (X) and vertical (Y) directions in the reaction plane.

The PPACs cover horizontal angles of T=

25º-67º, 73º-105º, and 205º-247º in laboratory system. The SSD located at T= 176º has a solid angle of 0.8
msr. 
Figure 1 shows the center-of-mass angular distribution of fission fragments in the 100.8 MeV 16O+238U,
using the fission fragment kinetic energy estimated by the systematic of Viola et al. [4]. The data points at
86.5º < T c. m. < 110.5º were determined from coincident fission events measured by the PPAC at T= 205º
-247º and the PPAC at T= 25º-67º or 73º-105º, and the data point at T= 176º was obtained from fission
events measured by the SSD. The center-of-mass angular distribution provides the fission fragment
anisotropy defined as A = W(180º)/ W(90º). Figure 2 shows the present and previous results of the fission
fragment anisotropy as a function of the excitation energy of the compound nucleus by solid circles for
16

O+238U, open ones for 22Ne+232Th, and open squares for 12C+242Pu. The error bar indicates the uncertainty

of experimental angular distribution as shown by dashed lines in fig. 1. The anisotropy for 16O+238U is
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
University of Tokyo
3
Kanazawa University2㪄㩷㪊㪈㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

close to that for 12C+242Pu but slightly larger at lower energies. The anisotropy for 22Ne+232Th with thesmallest entrance channel mass asymmetryD = 0.827 clearly is large as compared with those for 16O+238U
with D = 0.874 and 12C+242Pu with D = 0.906. The Businaro-Gallone critical point [5,6], which corresponds
to the conditional saddle point with respect to mass asymmetric deformation on the energy surface of thefission potential in the liquid drop model, was calculated to be DBG = 0.903 for 254Fm according to theparameterization of ref. [7]. While, for touching two nuclei, the Businaro-Gallone critical point wasestimated to be DBG = 0.819 using the liquid drop energy and the electrostatic repulsion energy between thetouching nuclei [8]. The entrance channel mass asymmetry D = 0.827 for 22Ne+232Th is close to DBG =0.819 for a touching two nuclei compared with DBG= 0.903 of the fission potential. It indicates that thelarge anisotropy for 22Ne+232Th is strongly related to the potential energy of the touching two nuclei

A = W(180o) / W(90o)dV/d: (arb. unit)

compared with the fission potential.

4
3
2
1
0
0

30

60

90 120 150 180

4
3
2
1
0
40

Tc.m.

45

50

55

60

Excitation energy (MeV)

Fig. 1 The center-of-mass angular
distributions of fission fragments in the
100.8 MeV 16O+238U reaction.

Fig. 2 Preliminary results of the fission
fragment anisotropy for 16O+238U  (solid
circles), 12C+242Pu (open square) and22
Ne+232Th (open circles) as a function of
the excitation energy of the compound
nucleus 254Fm.

Referenc[1] V.S. Ramamurthy et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 65(1990)25-28.
[2] Z. Liu et al., Phys. Lett., B353(1995)173-178.
[3] I. Nishinaka et al., JAEA-Review, 2010-056(2010)46-47.
[4] V.E. Viola et al., Nucl. Data Tables, A1(1966)391-410.
[5] U. L. Businaro and S. Gallone, Nuovo Cimento, 5 (1957)315-317.
[6] K.T.R. Davis and A.J. Sierk, Phys. Rev., C31(1985)915-922.
[7] M. Abe, KEK Preprint 86-26, KEK TH-128 (1986).
[8] W. Nörenberg and H.A. Weidenmüller, Introduction to the Theory of Heavy-Ion Collisions,(Springer-Verlag, New York, 1980)43-46.

㪄㩷㪊㪉㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

3.3

Measurement of the 12C(D,J)16O cross sections by using TRIAC
H. Makii1, H. Miyatake2, Y. Wakabayashi1, K. Niki2, M. Okada2, H. Ishiyama2,

Y. Hirayama2, N. Imai2, S.C. Jeong 2, T. Shima3, S. Mitsuoka1,
K. Nishio1, I. Nishinaka1 and S. Chiba1

The 12C(D,J)16O reaction plays an important role in stellar evolution at the stage of helium-burning. Its
reaction rate determines the mass fraction of 12C and 16O, the abundance distribution of the elements
between oxygen and iron, the iron-core mass before supernovae explosion [1]. Therefore, it is quite
important to accurately determine the cross section at center of mass energy of Ec.m. = 0.3 MeV. The direct
measurement of the cross section at Ec.m. = 0.3 MeV, however, is not possible using current experimental
technique, because the cross section is too small, around 10-17 barn. Hence one has to derive the crosssection by extrapolating a directly measured cross section at Ec.m. > 1.0 MeV into the range of stellar
temperature. However, estimated cross section at Ec.m. = 0.3 MeV still has a large uncertainty. In order toprovide a stringent constrain to extrapolation down to Ec.m. = 0.3 MeV, we designed new measurement at
TRIAC. With use of the 18 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source [2] set upstream of the TRIAC
accelerators, TRIAC has a possibility to deliver intense D-beams.
Because the Split Coaxial RFQ (SCRFQ), which is one of the TRIAC accelerators, has a radio frequency of
26 MHz, the bunch interval of the D-beams provided by TRIAC becomes 38.5 ns. On the other hand, thebunch interval is required to be that of 250 ns or more for removing the background events due to neutrons
from 13C(D,n)16O reaction with TOF method [3]. Therefore, we have developed and installed thesawtooth-wave pre-buncher system, coupled to multilayer chopper, with a variable bunching frequency of
2-4 MHz upstream of the SCRFQ [4,5]. When one sets the bunching frequency to be 2 MHz, 13 micro
bunches are included in one bunching cycle as shown in Fig. 1(a). Time structure of D-beams was changed
by using the pre-buncher as shown in Fig. 1(b), where D particles in one bunching cycle were gathered in
the center micro bunch by help of the pre-buncher. In addition, the number of background D particles waswell suppressed to be 5x10-5 of the pulsed D particles by using the chopper.
With use of this pulsed D-beams, the high efficiency anti-Compton NaI(Tl) spectrometers [3] and enrichedcarbon targets (99.99% enrichment in 12C), we measured the J-ray spectrum of the 12C(D,J)16O reaction atincident energy of ED = 2.8, 3.1 and 4.5 MeV. Obtained J-ray correlation spectrum of the energies andcoincident times between the J-ray detections and RF signals from the TRIAC accelerators measured at ED= 2.8 MeV is shown in Fig. 2. The characteristic 9 MeV J-ray events from the 12C(D,J)16O reaction are
shown at 210 ns as a part of prompt events indicated in a circle on the Fig. 2. Note that since the separationenergy of 16O into 12C + D is 7.16 MeV, the characteristic J-ray energy feeding from the D capture state by

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

2High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Osaka University3㪄㩷㪊㪊㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

C to the ground state in 16O is about 9 MeV at ED = 2.8 MeV. The J-ray yields from the 12C(D,J)16O

12

reaction will be deduced from the area of 9 MeV J-ray peak. The data analysis to determine the absolute
cross section is now in progress.

Fig. 1 Time structures of the D beams provided by the TRIAC accelerators without the pre-buncher and the
chopper (a), and with the pre-buncher and the chopper (b).

Fig. 2 Observed J-ray correlations in the energy and the time at the 12C(D,J)16O reaction using pulsed
D-beams at ED = 2.8 MeV. Vertical and horizontal axes correspond to the observed J-ray energy andcoincident times between the J-ray detections and RF signals from the TRIAC accelerators, respectively.
The J-rays from the 12C(D,J)16O reaction are shown inside of the circle.
References[1] T. A. Weaver and S.E. Woosley, Phys. Rep., 227 (1993)65-96.
[2] M. Oyaizu et al., Rev. Sci Instrum., 73 (2002)806-808.
[3] H. Makii et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A547 (2005)411-423.
[4] K. Niki et al., Proceedings of IPAC’10, Kyoto, Japan (2010)3903-3905.
[5] M. Okada et al., Proceedings of IPAC’10, Kyoto, Japan (2010)3906-3908.

㪄㩷㪊㪋㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

3.4Development of Si 'E-E detector for detection of light ions

H. Makii1, T. Ishii1, R. Takahashi2, Y. Wakabayashi1, I. Nishinaka1, S. Mitsuoka1,
S. Chiba1, H. Miyatake3, S.C. Jeong3, N. Imai3 and Y. Hirayama3

Neutron-capture [(n,J)] cross section with unstable nuclei plays an important role in the stellar
nucleosynthesis [1]. However, measurement of the (n,J) cross section of the unstable nuclei at stellar
temperature range (kT ѩ 8 ~ 90 keV) are very difficult. The main reasons of the difficulty are due to asample preparation and/or radioactivity of the sample. Recently, light-ion induced reactions, such as(3He,pJ), (d, pJ), (3He,3He’J), and (3He, 4HeJ) reactions, have been proposed as surrogate reactions for (n,J)
reactions [2-4] on the basis of the assumption that the formation and decay of a composite nucleus are
independent of each other. In order to confirm the feasibility of the 3He induced surrogate reactions fordetermination of the (n,J) cross sections, we are now preparing new measurement.
So far, we used Si 'E-E detector to measure the heavy-ion induced transfer reactions using 18O and 16O
beams, and actinide targets [5-10]. In these experiments excitation energy of residual nuclei is obtained
from the sum of energy losses of outgoing projectile-like particles in a Si 'E detector and Si E detector.
Here the thickness of the Si E detector is 300 - 500 Pm, because typical ranges of outgoing projectile-likeparticles (such as 160 MeV 16O) in Si are about 200 Pm. On the other hand, one need thicker Si E detector
to detect light ions such as p, d, t, 3He,and 4He, since the range of p, whose typical energy is above 20 MeV,
exceeds 500 Pm in Si. Hence we have developed a Si 'E-E detector to detect the outgoing light ions. ThisSi 'E-E detector consists of two surface-barrier type Si detectors with a thickness of 75 Pm ('E detector)
and 4 mm (E detector), and has three annular active-areas covering angle ranges of 123° - 130°, 130° - 140°,
and 140° - 152° with respect to the beam axis, respectively. Energy resolution obtained from this Si 'E-E
detector was checked by using a 0.35 mg/cm2 196Pt self-support target (94.6% enrichment in 196Pt) and a 24
MeV 3He beam.
Fig. 1 shows an energy spectrum of the outgoing projectile-like particles, which obtained by the sum ofenergy losses in the second annular active-area (covering an angle range of 130° - 140° with respect to thebeam axis) of the Si 'E detector and Si E detector. The energy resolution of the peak from the elastic
scattering is about 210 keV in FWHM (0.9 %), which is enough to measure the 3He induced reactions. Notethat obtained energy resolution was affected by not only energy resolution of the Si detectors but energy
losses in target, geometrical stragglings due to finite sizes of the incident 3He beam and the Si detectors,
and so on. We will use this Si 'E-E detector to detect the outgoing projectile-like particles from 3He
induced surrogate reactions in coincidence with J rays from the residual nuclei.

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Tokyo University of Science3
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)2㪄㩷㪊㪌㩷㪄㩷

Counts (105 / 12 keV)

JAEA-Review 2011-040

64

FWHM: 210 keV(0.9 %)

2

0

22

23

Energy (MeV)
Fig. 1 Energy spectrum of the outgoing projectile-like particles. This spectrum was obtained by the sum ofenergy losses in the second annular active-area of the Si 'E detector and Si E detector.
References[1] F. Käppeler and A. Mengoni, Nucl. Phys., A777(2006)291-310.
[2] S. Boyer et al., Nucl. Phys., A775(2006)175-187.
[3] B.L.Goldblum et al., Phys. Rev., C78(2008)064606.
[4] J.M. Allmond et al., Phys. Rev., C79(2009)054610.
[5] T. Ishii et al., Phys. Rev., C72(2005)021301(R).
[6] T. Ishii et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 75(2006)043201.
[7] T. Ishii et al., Phys. Rev., C76(2007)011303(R).
[8] H. Makii et al., Phys. Rev., C76(2007)061301(R).
[9] T. Ishii et al., Phys. Rev., C78(2008)054309.
[10] R. Takahashi et al., Phys. Rev., C81 (2010)057303.

㪄㩷㪊㪍㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

CHAPTER 4
Nuclear Chemistry4.1 Determination of the reduction potential of mendelevium between 2+ and 3+ statesusing an electrochemistry apparatus
4.2 Development of a surface-ionization-type ion-sourcefor the measurement of the first ionization potential of Lr
4.3 On-line isothermal gas chromatographic behavior of group-5 elements
as homologues of Db
4.4

Studies on volatile behavior of Zr and Hf chlorides

4.5

Anion-exchange behavior of the group-6 elements in HF/HNO3 mixed solutions

4.6

Solvent extraction of Bk and Md into HDEHP from HNO3 solution

4.7

Production of radioactive astatine isotopes using lithium ion beams

4.8

Production of medical radio isotopes 95mTc

㪄㩷㪊㪎㩷㪄㩷This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

4.1

Determination of the reduction potential of mendelevium between 2+ and 3+ statesusing an electrochemistry apparatus
A. Toyoshima1, M. Asai1, Z. J. Li1, N. Sato1, T.K. Sato1, K. Ooe1, T. Kikuchi1, Y. Kaneya1,
Y. Kitatsuji1, K. Tsukada1, Y. Nagame1, M. Schädel1,2, Y. Kasamatsu3, Y. Kogama3, A. Shinohara3,
H. Haba4 and J. Even5

The determination of redox potentials of the heaviest actinides between divalent and trivalent states canshed light on the stability of 5f electrons. Due to stronger binding of 5f electrons with increasing atomic
number, divalent states are predicted to be stabilized at the end of the actinide series. Recently, we havedeveloped an electrochemistry apparatus with chromatographic separation technique for single atomchemistry [1]. Carbon fibers modified with Nafion were employed as a working electrode forcation-exchange separation. In our previous report, we presented the excitation function of the 248Cm(11B,4n)255Md reaction to find optimum production conditions and the reduction of Md3+ to Md2+ using anelectrochemistry apparatus. In the present study, the redox potential of Md between Md2+ and Md3+ wasdetermined with this apparatus.
The 255Md isotope with a half-life of 27 min was produced in the 248Cm(11B, 4n) reaction at the JAEA
tandem accelerator. The 525 Pg/cm2 248Cm target was prepared by electrodeposition of a Cm compound in
2-propanol onto a Be backing foil of 1.80 mg/cm2 thickness. The 11B4+ beam intensity was 780 nA(particle) on average. The 63.2 MeV 11B ions passed through a 2.08 mg/cm2 HAVAR window, 0.13 mg/cm2
He cooling gas, and the Be backing foil before entering the 248Cm target material with a beam energy of
57.8 MeV. At this energy, the excitation function shows a maximum production cross section of ~4 Pb.
Reaction products recoiling out of the Cm target were then transported to a chemistry laboratory by a
He/KCl gas-jet method at a gas flow rate of 2.4 L/min. Transported products were repeatedly deposited in
an automated rapid chemistry apparatus for 10 min. After 90 min collection, these products were dissolved
in 0.1 M HCl and were loaded onto a 30 mm long and 7 mm i.d. HDEHP chromatographic column forseparation of KCl. This was necessary because large amounts of KCl impair the energy resolution in
D-spectrometry. Subsequently, Md fractions, eluted in 6 M HCl, were dried, were dissolved in 20 PL of
0.10 M HCl, and were fed into the column of our reduction apparatus. Potentials between -0.3 and -0.9 V
vs. a Ag/AgCl reference electrode were applied on the working electrode and 0.10 M HCl was passed
through the column at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. To reduce dissolved oxygen which prevents a quantitative
reduction of Md, the modified electrode was preconditioned for 3 min with an electrolyzed 0.10 M HCl
solution. This solution had first passed through another flow electrolytic column at an applied potential of-1.5 V. To search for the elution position of Md, the effluent from the main column electrode was collected1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH3
Osaka University
4
RIKEN
5
Universität Mainz
2㪄㩷㪊㪐㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

on eight Ta discs with a volume of 240 PL each. Remaining products were stripped from the electrode with
600 PL of 3.0 M HCl and were collected on two Ta discs. After evaporation, these 10 samples were
subjected to D-spectrometry with 10 PIPS detectors. Counting efficiency and energy resolution of thepresent arrangement between detectors and samples were ~30% and ~60 keV (FWHM), respectively.
Gamma rays of 250Bk, a nuclear reaction by-product used to monitoer the behavior of trivalent ions, were
measured with Ge detectors. The procedure was accomplished within 12 min. The chemical yield of 255Md
was ~12%.
Figures 1(a) and 1(b) show the elution behavior of 255Md and 250Bk at the applied potentials of -0.3 and -0.6
V, respectively. At both potentials, 250Bk3+ is not eluted with 0.10 M HCl and is stripped with 3.0 M HCl,showing that trivalent ions are strongly retained on the column electrode in an elution with 0.10 M HCl. At-0.3 V, only a small part of Md is eluted with 0.10 M HCl. In our previous reduction experiment with Eu,
the elution of Eu2+ with 0.10 M HCl was clearly observed on sufficiently negative potentials. The present
result, thus, shows that a small fraction of Md3+ is reduced to Md2+ and is eluted in 0.10 M HCl at -0.3 V.
However, at -0.6 V, 255Md is completely eluted with 0.10 M HCl. This unambiguously exhibits that Md3+ iscompletely reduced to Md2+. By variation of the applied potential it was determined that the reduction
probability of Md sharply increases when decreasing the applied potential from -0.3 to -0.6 V, showing
quantitative reduction of Md. The redox potential of the Md2+ 㹔 Md3+ + e- reaction was preliminarily
evaluated to be -0.40 ± 0.03 V referred to a Ag/AgCl electrode which corresponds to the value of -0.18 ±0.03 V vs. a standard hydrogen electrode.

100(a) -0.3 V 0.1 M HCl

3 M HCl

80
255

Md

250

60

Bk

40
20
0

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Eluted radioactivity / %Eluted radioactivity / %

100

2500

(b) -0.6 V 0.1 M HCl

80
60
40
20
0

Eluted Volume / PL

05001000 1500 2000
Eluted Volume / PL

Fig. 1 Elution behavior of 255Md and 250Bk at applied
potentials of (a)-0.3 V and (b) -0.6 V.

Reference[1] A. Toyoshima et al., Radiochim. Acta, 96(2008)323-326.

㪄㩷㪋㪇㩷㪄㩷

3 M HCl

2500

JAEA-Review 2011-040

4.2 Development of a surface-ionization-type ion-source
for the measurement of the first ionization potential of Lr
N. Sato1, T.K. Sato1, M. Asai1, S. Ichikawa2, K. Tsukada1, A. Toyoshima1,
Z.J. Li1, T. Kikuchi1, Y. Kaneya1, Y. Nagame1 and M. Schädel1,3Studying the valence electronic structure of heaviest elements is an important subject in the field of nuclear
chemistry. One of the most sensitive atomic properties to the structure is the first ionization potential (IP)which reflects the stability of an outermost electron affected by strong relativistic effects. The ground-stateelectronic configuration of the last actinide, lawrencium (Lr) is predicted to be [Rn]5f147s27p which isdifferent from that of the lanthanide homologue Lu, [Xe]4f146s25d [1], because the 7p orbital of Lr is
stabilized below the 6d orbital by the strong relativistic effects. The weakly-bound outermost electron
causes low IP of Lr compared to those of other actinides [2]. Due to low production rate and short half-lives,
IPs of the heaviest elements must be measured on an atom-at-a-time scale. To determine the IP of Lr basedon the surface ionization comparison technique [3] which was used for IP measurement of lanthanides, weare developing a surface-ionization-type ion-source [4]. As a model of the Lr experiment, we measured
ionization efficiencies of lanthanides versus ion-source temperature.
A schematic view of the experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1. Short-lived lanthanide isotopes were
produced in the 136Ce/141Pr/159Tb + 11B, 136Ce/141Pr/159Tb + 12C, and 142Nd/147Sm/natEu + 12C reactions at the
JAEA tandem accelerator facility. Nuclear reaction products recoiling out of the target were stopped inhelium gas, attached CdI2 aerosols generated by sublimation of CdI2 powder at 290 oC, and weretransported to the ion-source with a He/CdI2 gas-jet system through a Teflon capillary of 1.5 mm i.d. and8.8 m length. The helium gas flow rate was 1.4 L/min. The ion-source made of tungsten was heated up to2300 oC by radiant heat and by thermal electron bombardment from a surrounding filament. Ionized
nuclides were accelerated by electrical potential of 30 kV and were mass-separated with an ISOL. Then,ions were implanted into an Al-coated Mylar tape and J-rays were measured with a Ge detector. Production
yields were measured in separate experiments using a catcher system.
Figure 2 shows the ionizer-temperature dependence of ionization efficiencies for typical elements. Highefficiencies of 48%, 15%, and 8% were attained for Eu, Dy, and Lu, respectively at 2300 oC. TheNexperimental data were analyzed with the Saha-Langmuir equation:
N0§ M  IP ·exp¨
¸ , where N+ and© kT ¹N0 are the number of ions and neutral atoms in the ionizer, respectively, M is a work function of the ionizer
surface, k is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature. Experimental IP values were evaluated fromionization efficiency slopes. As shown in Fig. 3, present IP values of elements with high boiling points
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
RIKEN
3
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH2㻙㻌㻠㻝㻌㻙㻌

JAEA-Review 2011-040(B.P.s) are higher than literature values [5]. Difference in IPs between experimental data and literature
values [5] become large with increasing the B.P. of the elements. These results suggest that ionization
efficiency is affected by not only IP but also B.P of each element. To obtain the IP of Lr with our apparatus,
an effect of the B.P. has to be also considered into account.

Fig. 1 Schematic view of the experimental setup.

Gd
Tb
Er
Lu
Pm

Sm
Dy
Tm
Yb
Eu
2300 oC

1950 oC

Fig. 2 Ionization efficiency versus the inverseof temperature. Lines show the exponential
curve fitting results for each element.

Fig. 3 Boiling point dependence of the IP values.
Squares and circles represent experimental data
and literature values [5], respectively.

References[1] Y. Zou, C. Froese Fischer, Phys. Rev. Lett., 88(2002)183001-1-4.
[2] A. Borchevsky et al., Eur. Phys. J., D45 (2007)115-119.
[3] G. R. Hertel, J. Chem. Phys., 48(1968)2053-2058 and references therein.
[4] S. Ichikawa et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B187(2002)548-554.
[5] D. R. Lide (Editor), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 87th ed., CRC Press, Florida (2006)
4-133-134.

㻙㻌㻠㻞㻌㻙㻌

JAEA-Review 2011-040

4.3

On-line isothermal gas chromatographic behavior of group-5 elements
as homologues of Db
T. K. Sato1, K. Tsukada1, M. Asai1, A. Toyoshima1, Y. Kasamatsu2,
Z. J. Li1, N. Sato1, T. Kikuchi3, Y. Nagame1 and M. Schädel1

Dubnium (Db, Z=105), one of transactinide elements, is expected to be a member of group-5 and ahomologue of V, Nb, and Ta according to its place in the Periodic Table. In a gas phase the group-5
elements are most stable in their maximum oxidation state +5 and therefore form pentachlorides and/or
oxychlorides in chlorinating atmosphere. Oxychlorides are less volatile than the pentachlorides. Chemical
properties of Db compounds in a gas phase have been still ambiguous since it was only reported that theretention behavior of chlorides of Db had two components at least in an isothermal gas chromatography.
The multi components would be caused by production of both pentachloride and oxychloride owing tocontamination of oxygen[1]. In this work, we performed on-line experiments with short-lived Nb and Ta
isotopes as the homologues of Db with our isothermal gas chromatographic apparatus under conditions toform only oxychloride species in order to compare volatilities of the same species among Db, Nb and Ta,each other. In addition, we attempted to observe volatile compounds of Db under the identical conditions.
Short-lived Nb and Ta isotopes were produced in the reactions of natGe (19F, xn)87,88Nb (T1/2 = 3.7/14.5 min)and natGd (19F, xn)169,170Ta (T1/2 = 4.9/6.7 min), respectively, at the JAEA Tandem accelerator facility. The
nuclear reaction products were transported to the on-line isothermal gas chromatographic apparatus by acarrier gas flow. The chemical apparatus was described in [2]. A mixture of 0.9 L/min of He and 0.1 L/minof N2 was used as a carrier gas. Nitrogensaturated with SOCl2 vapor with 1 % oxygen
concentration was employed as a reactive gas toproduce volatile oxychlorides of Nb and Ta.
Volatilecompounds

after

separation

were

transported to a collection site in a chemistrylaboratory by a He/KCl gas-jet method for J-ray
measurements. An HP-Ge detector was used tomeasure the J-rays of each nuclide. We measured
yields of the volatile compounds of 87,88Nb and
169,170

Ta passing through the column as afunction of isothermal temperature. These results
were compared with direct measurements of theFig.1 Relative yields of 88Nb() and 170Ta() as arecoil products from the target using an Al

function of isothermal temperature with the relative

catcher foil to determine overall efficiencies.

yields of 262Db() at isothermal temperature of 400
and 550 °C. The yield curves were analyzed with the1Monte Carlo model.

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA).
2
Osaka University.
3
Ibaraki University.

㪄㩷㪋㪊㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

Figure 1 shows the variations of the relative yields of 88Nb and 170Ta as a function of isothermal
temperature. The overall efficiencies were about 10 % at maximum for Nb and Ta. The maximum yields
were normalized to 100%. The each behavior of Nb and Ta had one component. It indicates that only one
chemical species was formed, which was oxychloride, since a small amount of oxygen was added to thereactive gas. The adsorption enthalpies ('Ha) of the oxychlorides of Nb and Ta were evaluated by a Monte
Carlo code to reproduce experimental isothermal gas chromatographic behavior based on a microscopic
model of gas-solid thermochromatography in open columns proposed by Zvara[5]. The calculations wereapplied to the behaviors of 87,88Nb and 169,170Ta. The resulting adsorption enthalpies were 'Ha(NbOCl3) =-105±3 kJ/mol and 'Ha(TaOCl3) = -126±2 kJ/mol. In Table 1, a compilation of experimental 'Ha-values
from the literature, measured for carrier free amounts of NbOCl3 and TaOCl3 on quartz surfaces, along withthe results from this work, is shown. The 'Ha-values obtained in this work were in good agreement withthe literature values while that of NbOCl3 was slightly higher than those values.
In the identical chemical conditions, observation of volatile compounds of Db was also performed. 262Db
was produced in the reaction of 248Cm(19F, 5n) with ~500 Pg/cm2 thick 248Cm target and about 250 pnA of
19

F beam. Chemically separated products carried by the He/KCl gas-jet were collected and measured with arotating wheel D-particle detection system (MANON) which has 6-pairs of Si-PIN photodiodes. Isothermalcolumn temperature were kept at 400 and 550 °C. The 262Db nuclide is identified based on D-D correlations
originating from the D decay of 262Db followed by the D decay of the 258Lr. In this experiments, 3-pairs of
the D-D correlations were detected in each isothermal temperature. The number D-D correlations werenormalized to the beam integral and to the yield observed at 400°C as shown in Fig.1. It was found that Db
would form volatile compounds under the chlorinating conditions including small amount of oxygen.
Table 1. Experimentally determined adsorption enthalpies on quartz surfaces ofoxychlorids of Nb and Ta from this work and from literature data.
Chemical species
87,88

T1/2

-Ha /kJ mol-1

Chlorinating agent

Reference

NbOCl3

3.7/14.5 min

105r3

SOCl2 (O2 1%)

This work

97m

NbOCl352.7 s

96r3

CCl4/H2O[3]

99g

NbOCl315 s

99r1

HCl (99.8%)[1]

4.9/6.8 min

126r2

SOCl2 (O2 1%)

This work

Long -lived

133r20CCl4[4]

169,170

TaOCl3

TaOCl3

References[1] A. Turler et al., Radiochim. Acta, 73(1996)55-66.
[2] T. K. Sato et al., JAEA-Review, 2009-036(2009)69-70.
[3] J. Rudolph et al., Radiochim. Acta, 27(1980)105-108.
[4] J. Rudolph et al., J. Chromatograph, 178(1979)459-469.
[5] I. Zvara, Radiochim. Acta, 38(1985)95-101.

㪄㩷㪋㪋㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

4.4

Studies on volatile behavior of Zr and Hf chlorides
S. Goto1, H. Murayama1, T. Kojima1, M. Murakami1, H. Kudo1,

K. Tsukada2, M. Asai2, T. K. Sato2, N. Sato2, A. Toyoshima2 and Y. Nagame2

In order to clarify chemical properties of superheavy elements, a technique of a gas phase chemical
separation has been applied to the chemistry experiments because it allows separating them continuously
and rapidly. Adsorption enthalpies of volatile compounds of these elements can be determined from theiradsorption-desorption processes on a surface of gas chromatograph column. In this study, we investigatedgas chromatographic behavior of volatile chloride compounds of Zr and Hf for the study of Rf.
The Zr and Hf isotopes with various half-lives were produced in the natGe and natGd(16O, xn), natGe andnat

Gd(18O, xn), and natGa and natEu(19F, xn) reactions at the JAEA tandem accelerator facility. Nuclear

reaction products were transported to the gas chromatographic apparatus with attaching on a carbon cluster
in a He carrier gas flow. The carbon cluster was produced by the DC pulse discharge between carbon
electrodes. The transported products were collected on a quartz wool plugged in a quartz tube where areactive HCl gas was added to form volatile chloride compounds. The formed volatile compounds werethen fed into an isothermal chromatographic quartz column directly connected to the tube. The compoundsof Zr and Hf through the column were re-tranported attaching on a KCl cluster in a He carrier gas flow, andcollected on a glass filter for -rays measurement to examine the yields of these elements which passed
through the column. The passed-through yields for Zr and Hf were obtained as a function of thetemperature of the isothermal column.
The yields of 85Zr (T1/2 = 7.9 min) and 166Hf (T1/2 = 6.8 min)100

450 oC, and isothermalchromatographic behavior of both wasvery similar, which is in good agreement with the previous
report [1]. Furthermore, the temperature to increase the yieldfor 165Hf (T1/2 = 76 s) came higher than that for 166Hf. The
chromatograms of165

Hf and166

Hf are shown in Fig. 1. These

Relativeyield/%increased with the temperature of the column between 300 and

80
60
40
20

indicate that the adsorption-desorpiton model considered so far[2] is appropriate. The overall efficiency to re-transportation
was about 6% for

165oHf at the column temperature of 450 C.

This efficiency corresponds to 84 counts of 261Rf during 10
hours. It will be enough efficiency for 261Rf (T1/2 = 68 s)
experiment.
References[1] T. K. Sato et al., J. Nucl. and Radiochem. Sci., 6(2005)N1–N3.
[2] I. Zvara, Radiochim. Acta, 38(1985)95–101.

㪄㩷㪋㪌㩷㪄㩷

0
200

300
400
Isothermaltemperature/°C

500

Fig. 1 Isothermal chromatograms of Hf isotopes.
Open symbols and dashed line are 166Hf, andclosed symbol and solid line are 165Hf.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

4.5

Anion-exchange behavior of the group-6 elements in HF/HNO3 mixed solutions- Towards the study of ion-exchange behavior of 106Sg X. H. Liang1, K. Tsukada1, Z.J. Li1, A. Toyoshima1, M. Asai1, T. K.Sato1,
N. Sato1, T. Kikuchi1, Y. Kaneya1 and Y.Nagame1

The aqueous phase chemistry of the group-6 elements Mo, W, and element 106 (seaborgium, Sg) has beenstudied by Schaedel et al. in 1997 and 1998 by chromatographic methods, and the similarity of thechemical behavior of Sg to those of its lighter homologues has been discussed [1,2]. However noexperimental data for Sg in the aqueous phase chemistry has been established after the reports. For deeper
understanding of the chemical properties of Sg, more detailed systematic studies are required. In the present
work, prior to the Sg experiment, anion-exchange behavior of the group-6 elements, W and Mo, in HF and
HNO3 mixed solutions [3] has been studied by a batch method using the carrier-free radiotracers 181W (T1/2= 121.2 d) and 93mMo (T1/2 = 6.9 h).
The long-lived isotope 181W was produced in the 181Ta(p, n) reaction at the JAEA tandem accelerator. The
181

W isotope was chemically separated from the Ta target material, and was dissolved with 10-4 – 1.0 M HF

and 0.1 M HNO3 mixed solutions for batch experiments. On the other hand, the short-lived isotope 93mMo
was produced in the 93Nb(p, n) reaction. The recoiling products from the Nb target were transported to achemical laboratory with a He/KF gas-jet system, and were dissolved with HF and HNO3 mixed solution.
The solutions containing 181W or 93mMo were mixed with 5 – 200 mg anion exchange resin CA08Y.
Radioactivities of the solution were assayed for -ray spectrometry, and then distribution coefficients (Kds)of these elements were determined.
In Fig. 1, the variation of the Kd values of W and Mo on the anion-exchange resinin HF and 0.1 M HNO3
mixed solutions at 70oC is plotted as a function of [HF]. It can be seen that the adsorption sequence on the㻡㻜㻜㻷㼐㻌㻛㻌㼙㻸㻛㼓

㻠㻜㻜

㼃
㻹㼛

㻟㻜㻜
㻞㻜㻜
㻝㻜㻜
㻜

㻝㻜㻙㻠

㻝㻜㻙㻟

㻝㻜㻙㻞

㻝㻜㻙㻝

㻝㻜㻜

㼇㻴㻲㼉㻌㻛㻌㻹

Fig. 1 Variation of the Kd values of W and Mo on the anion-exchange resin (CA08Y) as afunction of [HF] in HF and 0.1 M HNO3 mixed solutions at 70oC.
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency(JAEA)

㻙㻌㻠㻢㻌㻙㻌

JAEA-Review 2011-040

anion-exchanger is W > Mo, confirming that W has a stronger ability to form fluoride complexes than Mo[3]. It was also found that the Kd values of W depend strongly on the concentration of HF, while those of
Mo are almost constant as a function of [HF] under the given conditions.

References[1] Schädel et al., Nature, 388(1997)55.
[2] Schädel et al., Radiochim. Acta,83(1998)156.
[3] Kronenberg et al., Radiochim. Acta,92(2004)395.

㻙㻌㻠㻣㻌㻙㻌

JAEA-Review 2011-040

4.6

Solvent extraction of Bk and Md into HDEHP from HNO3 solution

Y. Kasamatsu1, Y. Kogama1, R. Takayama1, H. Kikunaga2, A. Toyoshima3, K. Tsukada3, M. Asai3,
T.K. Sato3, Z.J. Li3, N. Sato3, T. Kikuchi3, Y. Kaneya3, Y. Nagame3, K. Ooe3, Y. Komori1,
T. Yoshimura1, N. Takahashi1 and A. Shinohara1

The lanthanide and actinide series involve the filling of the 4f and 5f subshells, respectively. The early
members of the actinide series have various oxidation states in consequence of extended 5f electrons. On
the other hand, the trivalent oxidation state is the most stable for lanthanides and heavy actinides from
95Am to 103Lr, except for 102No, because the f electrons exist in the inner shell and little participate in thechemical bonding. Thus, the chemical properties of trivalent lanthanides, Ln(III), and actinides, An(III), aresimilar to each other and systematic trends related to their ionic radii are often observed on their chemical
properties. In contrast, there would be differences in chemical properties between Ln(III) and An(III) due tothe relativistic effect and so on. Indeed, some reports suggest the different properties between Ln(III) andAn(III) [1,2]. The chemical research on heavy actinides is, however, difficult to be performed because theproduction yields of artificial heavy actinides are low and the nuclides of the elements have short half-lives.
Therefore, detailed and systematic studies have been few conducted. It is very important to systematicallystudy the chemical properties of An(III) and to compare these properties with those of Ln(III) in order todiscuss the properties of 4f- and 5f-elements in detail.
Previously, we systematically studied the extraction behavior of Ln(III) as well as that of 95Am, 96Cm,
98Cf, 99Es, and 100Fm into di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP) under identical conditions by a batch

method [3]. It was confirmed that these elements are extracted as M{H(DEHP)2}3 (M = An(III) andLn(III)) into organic phases containing HDEHP as reported previously [4,5]. In this work, we produced
97Bk and 101Md by using a powerful accelerator in JAEA and extraction behaviors of Bk and Md were

investigated in the HDEHP/HNO3 system.
The 255Md isotope with a half-life of 27 min was produced in the 248Cm(11B, 4n) reaction at the JAEA
tandem accelerator. The 250Bk nuclide was simultaneously produced as a by-product in the above
irradiation. Reaction products recoiling out of the Cm target were transported to the chemistry laboratory
with a He/KCl gas-jet system. Before the extraction, the products were dissolved in 0.1 M HNO3 and Bk
and Md were separated from KCl and other by-products by a column chromatography with the HDEHP
resin. Subsequently, the sample in 6 M HNO3 was evaporated to dryness and was dissolved in 200 PL of
0.1 M HNO3. The solution sample was mixed with 200 PL of HDEHP-benzene solution and shaken for 10
min. After a phase separation by centrifugation for 1 min, aliquots of the aqueous and organic solutions
were taken and were evaporated to dryness. The dried samples were then subjected to radiation
measurement (J-ray measurement for the Bk samples and D-particle measurement for Md). The distribution
ratios (D) were obtained by the equation D = [M3+]org/[M3+]aq. The volumes of the solutions taken were1

Osaka University
Tohoku University
3
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
2

㻙㻌㻠㻤㻌㻙㻌

JAEA-Review 2011-040

evaluated from the weights and the densities of the solutions. In the extraction experiments of Bk, the Dvalues were determined in 0.10, 0.16, 0.25, and 0.63 M HDEHP-benzene solutions with the collection
times of the nuclear reaction products of 1.5, 0.5, 3, and 6 h, respectively. In the Md experiments,
extraction experiments were repeated 9, 5, and 16 times in 0.063, 0.10, and 0.16 M HDEHP-benzene
solutions, respectively, with the constant collection time of 0.5 h.
The D values of Bk and Md determined in this experiment are shown in Fig. 1 together with our previous
data of other An(III) [3]. The data are well fitted with linear lines with the slope of +3 for Bk and Md thesame as that for other An(III) and Ln(III) [3]. This indicates that Bk and Md are also extracted as
M{H(DEHP)2}3 into the HDEHP with the concentrations in the present experiment. Thus, extraction
constants Kex of Bk and Md expressed by Kex =[M{H(DEHP)2}3]org[H+]aq3/[M3+]aq[(HDEHP)2]org3 were
evaluated from the fitting with the equation: log D = logKex – 3 log[H+]aq + 3 log[(HDEHP)2]org [3]. The Kex
values of Bk and Md are shown in Fig. 2 together with those of other An(III) and Ln(III). Tetrad effects [2]caused by the stability of the f electrons are more clearly observed in actinide elements by the addition of
the present data. It also becomes clear that difference between the Kex values of Ln(III) and those of An(III)would be larger for heavier elements. It is very interesting to obtain the data of 103Lr.

Fig. 1 Variation of log D of heavy actinide elements
as a function of log [(HDEHP)2].

Fig. 2 Variation of log Kex of lanthanides
and heavy actinides against atomic number.
The plots of Bk and Md are circled.

References[1] M. P. Jensen and A. H. Bond, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124(2002)9870.
[2] D. F. Peppard et al., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 32(1970)339.
[3] R. Takayama et al., Radiochim. Acta, in press.
[4] V. N. Kosyakov and E. A. Yerin, J. Radioanal. Chem., 43(1978)37.
[5] M. Aguilar and D. H. Liem, Acta. Chem. Scand., A30(1976)313.

㻙㻌㻠㻥㻌㻙㻌

JAEA-Review 2011-040

4.7

Production of radioactive astatine isotopes using lithium ion beams
I. Nishinaka1, A. Yokoyama2, K. Washiyama2, R. Amano2,
N. Yamada2, R. Ishiguro2, H. Makii1 and K. Hashimoto1

An D radioactive nuclide 211At with a half-life of 7.2 h is a prospective candidate for utilization in targetedalpha radiotherapy. In a general way, 211At is produced through bombardment of bismuth target with 28
MeV helium ions in the 209Bi(D,2n)211At reaction because of the high yield required for therapeutic purpose[1]. However, the nuclear reactions using lithium ion beams, 6,7Li+Pb, Bi, provide the possible production
routes of 211At. Excitation functions have been extensively measured for the 6,7Li+ 209Bi reactions to study
the reaction mechanism involving complete fusion and breakup reaction of weakly bounded nuclei 6,7Li[2-4]. For 7Li+natPb, however, only report on production of astatine isotopes has been available forradiotherapy [5]. Therefore, we have tried to measure excitation function of 211At in the reaction of 29-48
MeV 7Li+natPb.
Bismuth targets with thickness of 0.78-0.97 mg/cm2 were prepared by vacuum evaporation onto alminumbacking sheets with thickness of 5.4 mg/cm2. Each target was sandwiched between the backing and thecatcher sheet of 5.4 mg/cm2 aluminum. Irradiation was carried out with 7Li3+ beams of 50 MeV from the 20
MV tandem accelerator at JAEA-Tokai. Six sets of the bismuth target, the backing and the catcher sheet
were placed at a water-cooled Faraday cup as schematically shown in Fig.1. Beam current wasapproximately 120 nA during the irradiation of 2 h. The beam current was collected by the Faraday cup andwas monitored on-line by using a current integrator module equipment connected to a multi-channel scaler(MCS) which was controlled by a personal computer. The MCS data were recorded to calibrate beam
fluctuations. In the second irradiation of 2.3 h with the average beam intensity of 150 nA , an aluminum
sheet of 5.4 mg/cm2 was placed at beam upstream of five sets of the bismuth target and the aluminum
sheets to change beam energies at the targets. The beam energies at the target were determined by
calculating the energy loss in the targets and the sheets with the SRIM code [6]. The J-ray spectrum
measurements of radioactive products werecarried out by a Ge detector. The cross section of

Targetthe radioactive products, V, was calculated by thefollowing equation, V = CJ/ [HJIJN I(1-e-OT)],
where CJ is the counting rate of the photopeak

7Li3+ ion beam

area at the end of irradiation, HJ the photopeak

50 MeV

Water-cooled
Faraday cup

detection efficiency, IJ the emission probabilityof the J-ray, N the number of target atoms, I thebeam flux, O the decay constant, and T theirradiation time.

Catcher

Backing

Fig. 1 Schematic view of the irradiation setup.
1
2Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Kanazawa University㪄㩷㪌㪇㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

The excitation functions of astatine isotopes in the 7Li+natPb (204Pb 1.4%, 206Pb 24.1%, 207Pb 22.1%, and208

Pb 52.4%) reaction are shown in Fig. 2. Lines show the cross sections of 208-211At isotopes calculated by

the HIVAP code [7]; A statistical model calculation by the HIVAP was independently carried out with the
input parameters which systematically well reproduced a large number of experimental fusion-evaporation
cross sections in the similar heavy ion reactions without adjusting the input parameters to fit the present
experimental data [8]. It should be noted that the calculation rather well reproduces the present
experimental data. It was found that the hump structure of 208At around 35 MeV originated from the204

Pb(7Li,3n)208At reaction. Larger deviations of experimental data points at 29 MeV could be due to thesystematic errors of the energy loss calculation, energy struggling, or uncertainty of the statistical
calculation. The calculation predicts that 211At has large cross sections below 45 MeV compared with theother astatine isotopes. However, intense J-rays of the astatine isotopes with shorter half-lives made it
impossible to measure the 687 keV photopeak (IJ= 0.26%) of 211At by J-ray spectroscopy. Thus, D-ray
spectrometry will be applied to determine the excitation function of 211At.

Cross section (mb)

211

At

1000

210

At

100

209

At

10
1

208

At

0.1
0.01
20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Incident energy (MeV)
Fig. 2 Excitation functions of astatine isotopes in the 7Li+natPb reaction. The experimental and theoreticalcross sections are shown by symbols and curves, respectively; solid line: 211At, solid circles and dashedline: 210At, open circles and dotted line: 209At, and solid diamonds and dash-dotted line: 208At.

References[1] S. Lindergren, T. Bäck, H.J. Jensen, Appl. Radiat. Isot., 55(2001)157-160; S. Lindegren et al., J. Nucl.
Med., 49 (2008)1537-1545.
[2] H. Freiesleven, H.C. Britt, J. Birkelund, and J.R. Huizenga, Phys. Rev., C10(1974)245-249.
[3] M. Dasgupta et al., Phys. Rev., C66(2002)04602-1-4; M. Dasgupta et al., Phys. Rev., C70(2004)
024606-1-20.
[4] Yu.E. Penionzhkevich et al., J. Phys., G36(2009)025104-1-12.
[5] K. Roy, and S. Lahiri, Appl. Radiat. Isot., 55(2008)571-576.
[6] J.F. Ziegler, J.P. Biersack and U.Littmark, The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids (Pergamon, New
York, 1985); http://www.srim.org/.
[7] W. Reisdorf and M. Schädel, Z. Phys., A343(1992)47.
[8] K. Nishio, private communication.

㪄㩷㪌㪈㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

4.8

Production of medical radio isotopes 95mTc

Y. Hatsukawa1, K. Hashimoto1, K. Tsukada1, M. Asai1, T.K. Sato1, T. Kin1 and Y. Nagai1

Technetium-99m is the most successful medical radio-isotope and many kinds of labeled compounds havebeen developed for various diagnosis use. Recent years, with the development of the Compton camera
which can realize high position resolution, medical radio-isotopes emitting high energy gamma-rays are
required.
In this study, Technetium-95m which emits some gamma rays around 800 keV was produced by the95

Mo(p,n)95mTc reaction. A natMoO3 target of 628 mg was irradiated with 15 MeV proton beam for 7 hours.

Averaged beam currents were 1.2 A. After a week cooling time, about 700 kBq 95mTc was extracted fromthe irradiated MoO3 target through the chemical purification process1) as shown in Fig. 1. After thechemical separation, gamma rays were measured by using a Ge-detector. A gamma-ray spectrum obtained
is shown in Fig.2. Most of gamma-rays observed are assigned to 95mTc and 96Tc. No gamma-ray from otherelements was observed in this spectrum. This means chemical purification process was performed well. In
the next stage, we will offer 95mTc obtained by this procedure for the imaging study with the Compton
camera.

Fig.1 Flow diagram for the separation of 95mTc from a MoO3 target.
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 52 -

JAEA-Review 2011-040

Fig. 2 Gamma ray spectrum of Tc fraction obtained from purification
process.
Reference
1) M. Izumo, et al., Appl. Raiat. Isot., 42(1991)297-301.

㻙㻌㻡㻟㻌㻙㻌This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

CHAPTER 5
Nuclear Theory

5.1

Methodological and technical development in the Monte Carlo shell model

5.2

Calculation of fission barrier in the heavy and superheavy mass region
by using a spherical-basis method

5.3

Spin and mass distributions of compound nucleus in surrogate reaction

5.4

Analysis of various cross sections in deuteron induced reaction
with CDCC and eikonal reaction theory㪄㩷㪌㪌㩷㪄㩷This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

5.1

Methodological and technical development in the Monte Carlo shell model
Y. Utsuno1, N. Shimizu2, T. Otsuka2,3, T. Abe2, T. Mizusaki4 and M. Honma5

The nuclear shell model has been quite successful in systematically describing the nuclear structure mainlyin the region of light nuclei. The limitation of the region applicable is not due to the method itself, but isdue to a computational problem: as the number of valence orbits increases, it becomes practically
impossible to diagonalize a shell-model Hamiltonian matrix of huge size. Currently, the largest matrix
dimension diagonalizable is 109-1010 in the so-called M-scheme. In order to overcome the limitation, theMonte Carlo shell model (MCSM) has been developed [1]. In this report, we summarize the most recent
advances of MCSM in methodology and in computational technique, with which the latest MCSM code isequipped.
Although MCSM gives rather good energies and other observables demonstrated in several benchmark
cases [1], it was unclear how good the MCSM solution is a priori. Aiming at giving the exact solution to agood precision using the MCSM result, we introduce a novel method [2] based on the fact that there is astrong correlation between the energy <H> and its variance <H2>-<H>2, where H is the Hamiltonian
operator. Namely, as the wave function is reaching the eigenstate, its energy variance is vanishing. Thus, bydrawing the energy vs. energy variance plot in aseries of the MCSM wave functions andextrapolating the variance into zero (see Fig. 1 foran example), the exact solution can be predicted toa satisfactory extent. This method has been
demonstrated

to

be

very

efficientintheconventional shell-model calculation [3], but it
had not been applied to MCSM before this work
because it takes much computational time tocalculate the energy variance in the expression of
the MCSM wave function: the summation of aneight-fold loop is required. In this work, we findthat the eight-fold loop calculation can beequivalent with a six-fold loop calculation, which

Fig. 1 Extrapolation plot for the pf shell calculation

makes

realisticof 56Ni compared to the exact solution. The dots arecomputation. Figure 1 demonstrates the validity ofa series of the MCSM results, from which thethe present method for the system whose exact

extrapolating line is drawn.

itpossible

to

carry

out

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
University of Tokyo
3
Michigan State University
4
Senshu University
5
University of Aizu
2㪄㩷㪌㪎㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

solution has been recently obtained.
Although MCSM is a powerful tool, it still takes
much time to carry out the calculation. The mosttime-consuming part is the computation of the

MFLOPS

10000

theoretical peak performance

5000

Hamiltonian kernel <V> = 6l1,l2,l3,l4 Ul3,l1vl1,l2;l3,l4Ul4,l2
where vl1,l2;l3,l4 = <l1,l2|V|l3,l4> and U is the density
matrix. We find a numerical algorithm which0(a)enables very fast computation of the Hamiltonian

(b)

(c)

kernel [4] as briefly described below. Since vl1,l2;l3,l4
is very sparse (i.e., most of the elements being zero)Fig. 2 Performance of the Hamiltonian-kernel

due to the symmetry of the Hamiltonian, it is notcomputation compared among (a) the list-vector

efficient to directly perform the above summation.

method, (b) the matrix method, and (c) the matrix

In our old code, we adopt the so-called list-vector

method with binding vectors.

method in which the summation is carried out only
for the indices (l1, l2, l3, l4) whose matrix element
vl1,l2;l3,l4 is non-vanishing. As another approach, the summation can be transformed to a (vector)T(matrix)
(vector) by mapping two-dimensional arrays (l3, l1) and (l4, l2) onto one-dimensional arrays l13 and l24,
respectively. This method can also avoid unnecessary operations about the vanishing matrix elements, andis named the matrix method. In MCSM, a number of the Hamiltonian kernels for different density matrices
are calculated at a time. Here, the (matrix)(vector) operations are repeated for various vectors, keeping
the matrix unchanged. These operations are mathematically equivalent with (matrix)(matrix) by binding
vectors into a matrix, which is named the matrix method with binding vectors. Although those two methods
are identical in the sense of mathematics, computational efficiency is quite different. Figure 2 shows theperformance compared among different computational methods discussed above. The matrix method withbinding vectors is most efficient and exceeds half the theoretical peak performance. This is because the(matrix)(matrix) operation needs less memory access per floating-point operation.

References[1] T. Otsuka et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys., 47(2001)319-400.
[2] N. Shimizu et al., Phys. Rev., C82(2010)061305(R)-1-5.
[3] T. Mizusaki and M. Imada, Phys. Rev., C65(2002)064319-1-4.
[4] Y. Utsuno et al., in preparation.

㪄㩷㪌㪏㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

5.2

Calculation of fission barrier in the heavy and superheavy mass region by using a
spherical-basis method
H. Koura1

The KTUY mass formula was developed for estimating the ground-state nuclear masses and gives a good
reproduction of experimental nuclear masses and related energies as Q-values and separation energies [1,2].
Predictions from this method are also applied to calculation of the r-process nucleosynthesis, search forneutron and proton drip lines in the wide nuclear mass region, and so on.

A notable feature of our mass

formula is a method of obtaining shell energies of deformed nuclei: The shell energy of a deformed nucleus
is expressed as an appropriate mixture of spherical shell energies added to an average deformation energy
asWhere the first two terms represent the mixture of spherical shell energies with mixing weights Wp and Wn.
The mixing weight is obtained from the geometrical nuclear shapes: the weight corresponds to thedifferentials of the solid angle measured from the center of a nucleus. When the nuclear shape is fixed, adistance from the center to the surface runs from the minor axis to the major axis with respect to T (inspherical polar coordinates). Z’ (or N’) runs from Z’min to Z’max., which are obtained from the minor axis
and the major axis, respectively.

The 'Esurf and 'ECoul are the differences of Liquid-drop surface andCoulomb energies by deformation. Although our mass formula is concerned only with the equilibrium
nuclear shapes, a potential energy surface for nuclear fission can be calculated with the above method byusing the shell energies for arbitrary shapes.

In this report we gives some results for nuclear fission.

Inthe current study we only assume the nuclear shape is limited to an axially- and reflectionally-symmetricshape expressed as the D-expansion of up to D6, and shapes of neutron and proton are the same.
A landscape of the calculated fission barrier heights is shown in Figure 1.

There is a “basin” locatedaround the region of (Z, N)=(110,168) and is a “hill” located around the region of (Z, N)=(98,152).

The

calculated heights of actinide nuclei are generally 5.5-6.5 MeV, which is in roughly consistent with fission
barrier heights of known actinide nuclei.

Figures 2 and 3 show two examples of deformation

configuration of spherical states in the shape at the fission saddle point.
spherical shell energies and the lower panel shows mixing weights.

The upper panel shows theGenerally, when a given radius of

nucleus is a minor axis (T=0 in spherical polar coordinates) the value of weight is the largest.
of278

In the case

Ds168 in Fig. 3, both of the mixing weights for proton and neutron are extent to lower closed shells, 82of proton and 126 of neutron, respectively, and the weighted sum of spherical shell energies mutually
lowers the energy due to the largest values of weights at the lowest particle numbers.
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

㪄㩷㪌㪐㩷㪄㩷

In other words, theJAEA-Review 2011-040

lower fission barrier of 278Ds168 comes from a geometrical configuration of 208Pb (doubly-magic nucleus)
core + other valence particles, which is more highly evolved than that of other nuclei.
case of278

In contrast with the252

Ds168, the weighed sum of spherical shell energies of Fm152 gives less decreasing as seen in Fig.

3 (Only the closed shell of larger neutron number, 228, slightly contributes to the lowering.) Consequently,
fission barrier height of 252Fm152 and neighboring ones are relatively higher than those of other nuclei.
We can give a new representation of the origin of fission barriers in the same consideration of nuclear
deformations in contrast with the Nilsson-type calculation.

Fig. 1 Landscape of fission barrier heights in the superheavy mass region estimated with thespherical-basis method explained in this report. Some measured alpha decay chains are plotted.

Fig. 2 Configuration mixing in the shape of fission saddle
point  for  278Ds. Upper: Spherical shell energies
relevant to configuration mixing. Lower: Corresponding
mixing weight, which is obtained from the geometrical
nuclear shape. The vertical axis means a particle number, Z’
or N’, corresponding single-particle levels including effectsof configuration mixings except for deformation. Particle
numbers are also related to radius for each angle T in
spherical polar coordinates.
References[1]H. Koura et al., Nucl. Phys., A674(2000)47-76.
[2]H. Koura et al., Prog. Theor. Phys., 113(2005)305-325.

㪄㩷㪍㪇㩷㪄㩷

Fig. 3 Configuration mixing in the
shape of fission saddle point  for252
Fm. See caption of Fig 2.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

5.3

Spin and mass distributions of compound nucleus in surrogate reaction
Y. Aritomo1, S. Chiba1 and K. Nishio1

Neutron-induced cross-section data of unstable nuclei are systematically required to design next-generation
nuclear facilities such as high-burn-up fast breeder reactors or accelerator-driven systems for transmutationof nuclear wastes [1]. Such data are also important to understand origin of elements, namely, the s- andr-process nucleosynthesis. However, it is not usually possible to measure these cross sections directly byusing neutrons owing to difficulty in preparing samples. To overcome the experimental limitations, indirect
methods have to be developed, such as the surrogate nuclear reaction approach. In this method, (multi)
nucleon transfer reactions with an experimentally accessible combination of projectile and target are
employed to create the same compound nucleus as the desired neutron reaction, and decay branching ratios
to specific channels, normally capture and/or fission, are determined. However, branching ratios are
sensitive to the spin and parity of the compound state, while the spin-parity J distributions of populated
nuclei are probably different for the neutron-induced and surrogate reactions. Therefore, validity of thesurrogate method depends on how the difference of the spin-parity distributions is comprehended andcompensated properly.
Recently, the surrogate ratio method (SRM) is discussed by Chiba and Iwamoto. It was found that SRM
works to a certain accuracy if (1) there exist two surrogate reactions whose spin-parity distributions ofdecaying nuclei are equivalent, (2) difference of representative spin values between the neutron-induced
and surrogate reactions is not much larger than 10 [2]. They form a set of sufficient conditions for the
SRM to work. We need further investigation to verify that the above conditions are really satisfied incertain surrogate reactions. For that aim, we established a theoretical model based on the unified mode [3,4]to describe the whole process of the surrogate reactions, namely, nucleon transfer and decay of a populated
compound nucleus [5]. The time-evolution of the system is described by a trajectory calculation on thetime-dependent unified potential energy surface using the Langevin equation [6].
Using our theoretical model, we calculated the spin of compound nucleus in surrogate reactions. As thesurrogate reaction, we considered the two neutron transfer reaction; 18O+238U Æ 16O+240U at an incident
energy of Ec.m. =133 MeV. The calculation results suggested the validity of the surrogate ratio method. In
our model, the friction parameter has an uncertainty. We reported the spin distribution of compound
nucleus for several sliding frictions [7]. Then, we investigate the sensitivity of the spin distribution to theseveral strengths of the radial friction in the two-body and one-body regions [6]. The main features of spin
distributions do not change so much for the friction with several reduction factors. We conclude that thesliding friction has much effect on the spin distribution in this system, and the results for any frictions withthe several reduction factors suggest the validity of the surrogate ratio method

1Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

㪄㩷㪍㪈㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

The fission fragment mass distribution (FFMD) from 240U is shown in Fig.1. In this mass region, the FFMD
shows typical asymmetric distribution for low J values, which is well reproduced by our calculation. Then,we put J = 10 and 20, and generated many Langevin trajectories and compared them with the J = 0 results.
We can notice that the peak of the asymmetric mass division does not change, but the symmetriccomponents are slightly enhanced when J becomes 10 and 20.

It can be interpreted that when J becomeslarger, the liquid-drop energy, which gives minimum at the symmetric division, increases, and the overall
effect is to enhance the symmetric fission. If this is really the case, the FFMD data, which can be obtainedin our forthcoming experiments, can be used to estimate the spin distributions populated in surrogate
reactions. However, the spin-dependence of the FFMD pointed out here is not a phenomenon confirmed yet.
Therefore we must place a special care on this result, although it may give a new insight into theunderstanding of the fission mechanism.

㩷
㪎

㪉㪋㪇

㪬㩷㩿㪜㪁㩷㪔㩷㪈㪇㩷㪤㪼㪭㪀㩷㪡㩷㪔㩷㪇
㩷㪡㩷㪔㩷㪈㪇
㩷㪡㩷㪔㩷㪉㪇㪍㪋㩷㪝㪝㪤㪛㩷㩿㩼㪀

㪌

㪊
㪉
㪈
㪇

㪍㪇

㪏㪇

㪈㪇㪇

㪈㪉㪇

㪈㪋㪇

㪈㪍㪇

㪈㪏㪇

㪝㫉㪸㪾㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㪤㪸㫊㫊㩷㩿㫌㪀
Fig. 1 Fission fragment mass distribution (FFMD)
emitted from J=0, 10 and 20 states of 240U at
excitation energy of 10 MeV.

References[1] International Atomic Energy Agency (Editor), Fission Product Yield Data for the Transmutation of
Minor Actinide Nuclear Waste(IAEA, Vienna, 2008).

[2] S. Chiba and O. Iwamoto, Phys. Rev., C81(2010) 044604.
[3] V. Zagrebaev and W. Greiner, J. Phys., G31(2005)825.
[4] V. Zagrebaev and W. Greiner, J. Phys., G34(2007)1; J. Phys., G34(2007)2265; Phys. Rev. Lett., 101(2008)122701; Phys. Rev., C78(2008)034610.
[5] Y. Aritomo, S. Chiba and K. Nishio, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev., C.
[6] Y. Aritomo, Phys. Rev., C80(2009)064604.
[7] Y. Aritomo, S. Chiba and K. Nishio, JAEA-Tokai Tandem Ann. Rep. 2009, JAEA-Review 2010-056(2010) 75.

㪄㩷㪍㪉㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

5.4

Analysis of various cross sections in deuteron induced reaction with CDCC andeikonal reaction theory
S. Hashimoto1, M. Yahiro2, K. Ogata3, K. Minomo2 and S. Chiba1

Deuteron induced reactions strongly interest not only nuclear physicists but also nuclear engineers, because
available data of the nuclear reaction are required to plan new experimental facilities, e.g., the International
Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF). In particular, inclusive (d,xn) reactions, which may become ahigh intensity neutron source in such an environment, are very important for the nuclear application.
Recently, Ye et al. [1] showed that there are large contributions of not only elastic breakup processes but
also incomplete fusion (proton stripping) processes in the case of Li targets. Unlike the former processdescribed successfully by the continuum-discretized coupled-channels method (CDCC) [2], which has beendeveloped and successfully used to analyze many breakup reactions with weakly-bound nuclei, the reaction
mechanism of the latter process estimated by the Glauber model is still not sufficiently understood owing to
the difficulty in describing an effect of the projectile breakup on the fusion reaction in the strong Coulomb
field. The solution of this problem is required to analyze many valuable measurements on the reaction withunstable nuclei.
We analyzed deuteron induced reactions on from light and to heavy targets at 400 MeV with CDCC andeikonal reaction theory (ERT) [3]. The procedure [4] combined the two methods takes account of not only
breakup but also proton- and neutron-stripping processes, and therefore can provide various cross sections
accurately. The CDCC method gives reaction cross section VR and elastic breakup cross section V(%, andthe proton- and neutron stripping cross sections, Vp:STR and Vn:STR, are obtained by the ERT with S-matrix
elements calculated by CDCC. Using these cross sections, we can also derive the total, incomplete andcomplete fusion cross sections, VTF, VIF and VCF, as follows:
VTF = VR 㧙 V(%V
VIF = Vp:STR + Vn:STR,

VCF = VTF 㧙 VIF

In Ref. [4], comparing some experimental data on reaction cross section and stripping cross section withtheoretical results, we confirmed the validity of the procedure and optical potentials used in the calculation
to be suitable. Then, we discussed the dependence of the cross sections on the target mass A, and found thatthe cross sections are presented by simple formulae with effective radii and widths describing thesystematics. In Fig. 1, the A-dependence of VR, VTF, VCF, VIF and V(% obtained with CDCC and ERT isshown by dots, and results by the formulae given as,
VR = S REB2, VTF = S RTF2, VCF = S RCF2,
VIF =2SDp:STRRp:STR + 2SDn:STRRn:STR, V(% = 2SDEBREB
are also represented. The type of VX = SRX2 (X=EB, TF, CF) means the corresponding reaction takes place
on a disk of radius RX, and the another type of VY = 2SDYRY (Y=IF, p:STR, n:STR, EB) does the reaction

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Kyushu University
3
Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University2㪄㩷㪍㪊㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

occurs on a ring of radius RY with width DY. These effective radii and widths are parameterized by afunction of cX + r0XA1/3 except DEB, and are determined from fitting for REB and RTF. One can see the good
agreement between the dots and lines, and it suggests each reaction is described by the simple picture. In
particular, it is surprising that V(% including not only nuclear but also Coulomb breakup contributions isreproduced very well by using DEB, which depends on also the charge of the target. Figure 2 shows
effective radii, REB, RTF, Rn:STR, Rp:STR and RCF. Division of the R-coordinate space by the various reactions
is clearly found in the whole mass region, and we can distinguish the region where each reaction takes
places regardless of the target mass.
In conclusion, we applied a new approach with a combination of CDCC and ERT to the deuteron induced
reaction at an intermediate energy on various targets, and obtained the reaction, elastic breakup, protonand neutron-stripping and complete fusion cross sections. The A-dependence of the cross sections can be
described by simple formulae with two types of a disk and a ring. By introducing the effective radii andwidths, we can deeply understand the reaction mechanism including the direct and fusion processes withcomposite particles, such as unstable nuclei. For future work, the same analysis for other projectiles orincident energies is interesting, and its result may play an important role in studying nuclear physics and its
application.

Fig. 1 A-dependence of reaction, total
fusion, complete fusion, incomplete
fusion and elastic breakup cross sections.

Fig. 2 A-dependence of effective radii.
Rn:STR and Rp:STR are almost the same aseach other.

References[1] T. Ye, Y. Watanabe and K. Ogata, Phys. Rev., C80 (2009)014604.
[2] M. Kamimura et al., Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl., 89 (1986)1.
[3] S. Hashimoto et al., Phys. Rev., C83(2011)054617.
[4] M. Yahiro, K. Ogata and K. Minomo, arXiv: 1103(2011)3976.

㪄㩷㪍㪋㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

CHAPTER 6
Atomic Physics and Solid State Physics

6.1

Charge state distribution of carbon ions after penetration of C-foil targets

6.2

Electronic sputtering of CuO films by high-energy ions㪄㩷㪍㪌㩷㪄㩷This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

6.1

Charge state distribution of carbon ions after penetration of C-foil targets
M. Imai1, M. Sataka2, H. Sugai2, K. Kawatsura3,4, K. Takahiro5,
K. Komaki6, K. Nishio2 and H. Shibata1

Charge state is one of the most important aspects for ion interactions with matter, and affects various
processes, such as electron capture, ionization, and excitation both of projectile and target electrons, as wellas consequent phenomena such as energy deposition into the target, i.e., stopping of projectiles. Projectile
charge state and its evolution are therefore essential to the study of the penetration of swift ions in matterand the data of charge-state distributions for various collision systems after exiting solid targets have been
supplied [1], although the charge-state distribution changes somewhat upon exiting the target foil. As has
been presented in the previous annual reports [2] and in the 100,000-hour-operation-memorial workshop as
well [3], we have measured the exit charge state distributions for penetrations of S6+ S16+ ions throughC-foil targets of 0.9 200 Pg/cm2 in thickness and performed calculations by ETACHA code [4] to succeed
in reproducing the experimental results, although ETACHA has been designed for higher energy region(>10 MeV/u) [5]. Our data was so striking that stimulated another theoretical group to start reproducing
them with matrix method [6]. In this report, results of our extensive measurements for carbon projectiles,
which are essential to precise estimation of deposited energy for heavy-ion cancer therapy, between C2+ andC6+ are presented.
The experiments were performed at the LIR1–3 beam line of the 20UR Tandem Accelerator Facility. A
beam of 2.0 MeV/u (24 MeV) C2+ ion was provided from the Tandem Accelerator within an energy
accuracy of 0.1%. A post-stripper C-foil of ~20 Pg/cm2, energy losses through which were estimated to beat most 0.7% by our separate measurement of cusp electron energies, was used to produce higher charge
states. The Cq+ (q = 26) ion beam was directed into a self-support carbon foil targets of 0.9  10 and 54 
100 Pg/cm2 in thickness for non-equilibrium and equilibrium charge distribution measurements,
respectively. The charge states after foil penetration were measured using the heavy ion magnetic
spectrometer ENMA and a position-sensitive gas chamber detector. The vacuum condition inside thecollision chamber and the spectrometer were maintained below 104 and 106 Pa, respectively, to practicallyeliminate background charge-exchange collisions with residual gas, which was confirmed by measurements
without a target foil.
Values of mean charge state q¦ q qF q

12

and charge distribution width dª¦ q  q 2 F q º ,¬ q¼

where F(q) denotes the fraction for charge state q (q = 36), are plotted in Fig. 1. It can be seen that themean charge states make beelines for the equilibrium value when the target thickness grows until 10
1

Kyoto University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
3
Kansai Gaidai University
4
Theoretical Radiation Research Laboratory
5
Kyoto Institute of Technology
6
RIKEN
2

㪄㩷㪍㪎㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

Pg/cm2, whereas the distribution width for projectile shows maximum around 3 Pg/cm2. The equilibrium
charge state and its distribution width have been derived to be 5.58 and 0.57, respectively.

6

6+

Mean Charge

5.5

5+
4+
3+
2+

5

(a)
4.5

Distribution Width

0.8

2+
3+
4+

0.7

0.6

5+

(b)

6+
0.5
0.1

1

10

100

1000

Target Thickness (Pg/cm2)
Fig. 1(a) Mean charge state and (b) distribution width measured for 2.0 MeV/u C2+  C6+ ion
incidences after penetration through C-foil targets.

References[1] A. B. Wittkower and H. D. Betz, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 5 (1973) 113; K. Shima et al., ibid. 51(1992) 173; K. Shima et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B33 (1988) 212.
[2] M. Imai et al., JAEA-Review 2007-046 (2008) 87; 2008-054 (2008) 89; 2009-036(2009) 91;
2010-056 (2010) 89.
[3] M. Imai, JAEA-Review 2009-006 (2009) 168.
[4] J. P. Rozet et al., J. Phys. B22 (1989) 33; Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B107 (1996) 67.
[5] M. Imai et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B230 (2005) 63; ibid. B256 (2007) 11; ibid.
B267 (2009) 2675.
[6] O. Osmani and P. Sigmund, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B269 (2011) 813.

㪄㩷㪍㪏㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

6.2

Electronic sputtering of CuO films by high-energy ionsN. Matsunami1, M. Sataka2, S. Okayasu2 and H. Kakiuchida3

We have studied the electronic sputtering, modifications of the electronic and atomic structures of cuprite(Cu2O) films under high-energy ion impact [1]. It is of interest to extend such studies to cupper oxide(CuO) for comparison with the Cu2O results and further understanding of the electronic excitation effects.
CuO films were prepared on MgO at 700 ºC, using a sputter-deposition method with a Cu target in Ar andO2 gas. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the films are monoclinic with (111) orientation and the planar
spacing is 0.2339 nm, which is larger by 0.7% than the bulk value, 0.2323 nm [2]. By means of Rutherford
backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) of 1.8 MeV He+, using the stopping power [3] and the density of
4.85x1022 Cu cm-3, the film thickness is obtained to be ~100 nm with nearly stoichiometric composition.
The carbon (C)-foil collector method [1] was applied to analyze Cu sputtered from CuO films. Fig. 1 showsthat the amount of Cu in the C-foil is proportional to the ion fluence, from which the sputtering yield of Cu
per ion is evaluated using the C-foil collection efficiency of Cu (0.3) [1] and by multiplying it by 2. Here,stoichiometric sputtering is assumed, since the composition remains unchanged after the ion impact. Firstly,
the sputtering yields are much (102-103) larger than those of the elastic collisions (YC) which are calculated
assuming the linear dependence of YC on the nuclear stopping power with the preliminary sputtering yieldof 0.88 by 100 keV Ne ion impact (Table 1). This confirms that the electronic excitations play a dominantrole in the sputtering. The electronic sputtering yield Y is well fitted by Y=4.0Se1.08, Se being the electronic
stopping power (keV/nm). This is exceptionally close to linear dependence on Se, in contrast to thesuper-linear dependence for other oxides and nitrides [4-6], e.g., Y=0.006 Se2.78 for Cu2O.
It appears that the (111) diffraction intensity is reduced to half at the fluence of 2.5x1012 cm-2 and onefourth at ~10x1012 cm-2 for both 100 MeV Xe and 90 MeV Ni ion impact. This indicates disordering of theatomic structure and the disordering is exceptionally independent of the ion species or Se, in contrast to the
Cu2O result that the disordering is more pronounced for 100 MeV Xe ion [1]. It also appears that the (111)planar spacing is reduced by ~0.1 % at 2.5x1012 cm-2 for both 100 MeV Xe and 90 MeV Ni ions. The latticecompaction of CuO is much smaller than that in Cu2O [1]. No appreciable change in the optical absorption
spectra and the bandgap is observed, as shown in Fig. 2, except for the absorption at 0.25 m due to color
center generation of MgO substrate by the ion impact. For unirradiated films (inset in Fig. 2), the direct
bandgap [7] is determined to be 2.1(±0.1) eV in agreement with 2.12 eV in [8]. The bandgap of CuO issmaller than that of Cu2O (2.54 eV). The electronic sputtering yield of CuO is larger than that of Cu2O, indisagreement with the suggested bandgap dependence (0.1Eg4 at Se=15 keV/nm) [4] and is much larger
than the estimation from the suggested formula. These results imply that for small bandgap, the number ofelectron hole pairs, which is inversely proportional to the bandgap, becomes more important.
_____________________________________________________________________
Division of Energy Science, EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University
2
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
1

3

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)㪄㩷㪍㪐㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

Table 1 Electronic (Se) and nuclear (Sn) stopping powers in CuO (keV/nm) [3], sputtering yield Y and the
sputtering yield YC of the elastic collisions.
Ions

Se

Sn

Y

YC

198 MeV Xe
99 MeV Xe
89 MeV Ni
60 MeV Ar
100 keV Ne

31.2
24.0
17.1
9.64
0.334

0.126
0.221
0.03450.0154
0.276

173
120
80
48.3
0.88

0.40
0.71
0.11
0.050

0.6

2.5

10
(ABSORBANCE*E)-2

Cu ATOMS IN C-FILM (10 cm )

2

CuO
2

14

99 M e V Xe
198 M e V Xe
ABSORBANCE

0.4
89 M e V Ni

0.2

1.5

6

unir.

4
2
0

1

60 M e V Ar

8

1.5
2
2.5
3
PHOTON ENERGY (e V)

unir.
0.5

0

0

1

2

ION FLUENCE (10

3
12

0
0.2

4

0.3

0.4

-2

cm )

0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
WAVELENGTH ( Pm )0.9

1

Fig. 1 Cu in carbon-foil collector vs ion
fluence for 198 MeV Xe (ٌ), 99 MeV Xe (㬍),Fig. 2 Optical absorption spectra of CuO before
and irradiated with 100 MeV Xe ion at 1.25x1012

89 MeV Ni (٤) and 60 MeV Ar () ion impacts

cm-2. Inset shows square of absorbance times

on CuO films.

photon energy E vs E, illustrating the bandgap
determination.

References[1]

N. Matsunami et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B266(2008)2986 and JAEA Tandem Report 2008.

[2]

JCPDS no. 450937.

[3]

J.F. Ziegler, J.P. Biersack and U. Littmark, The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids,
Pergamon Press, New York (1985).

[4]

N. Matsunami et al., Nucl. Instrm. Methods B256(2007)333.

[5]

N. Matsunami et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B267(2009)2653.

[6]

N. Matsunami et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B268(2010)3167.

[7]

W.Y. Ching, Y.N. Xu, K.W. Wong, Phys. Rev., B40(1989)7684.

[8]

A. Chen et al., Thin Solid Films, 517(2009)4277.

㪄㩷㪎㪇㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

CHAPTER 7
Radiation Effects in Materials

7.1

Radiation damage of crystal structure in UO2 irradiated with high-energy heavy ions

7.2

Study on effects of energetic ion irradiation in Gd2O3-doped CeO2

                   by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray spectroscopy
7.3

Change in magnetic properties of CeO2 by swift heavy ion irradiation

7.4

Shape and property control of Zn and ZnO nanoparticles by swift heavy ions

7.5

Radiation effects for film formation and nano-structural changesof iron disilicide thin film

7.6

Formation of metal microstructures induced by heavy ion irradiation in Ag-zeolite

7.7

Surface amorphization in single crystalline Al2O3

㪄㩷㪎㪈㩷㪄㩷This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

7.1

Radiation damage of crystal structure in UO2 irradiatedwith high-energy heavy ions
N. Ishikawa1, T. Sonoda2, T. Sawabe2 and A. Iwase3

Uranium dioxide (UO2) fuels in light water reactors are subjected to various high-energy particles. Not only
neutrons but also high-energy fission fragments play an important role in radiation damage process. Sincefission fragments have high kinetic energy of about 70~100-MeV, they create radiation damages in UO2oxide fuels. One of the intriguing characteristics of the radiation damages due to high-energy ion irradiation
in UO2 is the formation of continuous ion tracks along the ion-paths [1]. The present study aims at
characterizing disordering of crystal structure in ion-irradiated UO2 at high fluence range where ion-tracks
overlap heavily. In the present study, polycrystalline UO2 samples are irradiated with high-energy Xe ions
up to 1015 ions/cm2 and the damage is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The CuKD1
X-ray is useful to detect crystal structure change of irradiation-induced damaged region, because thediffraction of the X-ray is taken place only in a shallow region where the irradiation-induced damage isaccumulated. The depth profile of X-ray penetration is demonstrated in Fig.1, together with the depth
profile of the electronic stopping power of 210 MeV Xe ion. In the figure, the incident angle of Cu KD1
X-ray is assumed as T=44°, because in the present study the change of (422) peak which appear at around
2T=87.2° is analyzed. The figure clearly shows that Cu KD1 X-ray is penetrated only in the shallow region
where the electronic stopping power is relatively high.
Figure 2 shows the evolution of (422) diffraction peak for UO2 before and after the irradiation with 210
MeV Xe ions. The peak at the lower angle side corresponds to the reflection of Cu KD1 X-rays, and that at
the higher angle side corresponds to that of Cu KD2 X-rays. As a result of least-squares fitting anddecomvolution using formulation of the pseudo-Voigt function [2], the observed profile can be separated
into 2 peaks even for high fluence samples. It is found that both constituting peaks gradually shift toward
lower angle side with increasing fluence, indicating that the lattice parameter increases by theirradiation-induced lattice defects. Figure3(a) shows that the lattice parameter estimated from the shift ofpeak angle monotonically increases as a function of fluence. Figure 3(b) shows that the full width at half
maximum (FWHM) increases with increasing fluence. Figure 3(c) shows that the intensity of the peakdecreases with increasing fluence. The present results show that the radiation damage in the
crystallographic lattice of UO2 is detected at relatively low fluence of 1012 ions/cm2, and it accumulates up
to high fluence of 1015 ions/cm2. The detection of the damage at relatively low fluence of 1012 ions/cm2 canbe explained by the introduction of nm-sized ion-tracks. The occupancy of ion-tracks in the specimen
affects the damage evolution.

1
2
3

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI)Osaka Prefecture University㪄㩷㪎㪊㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

In order to estimate the occupancy of accumulated ion-tracks (G) as a function of fluence, it is important totaken into account the overlapping of ion-tracks. In the present analysis, it is assumed that fluence
dependence of the occupancy follows the exponential function expressed by the Poisson law as expressedby G=1-exp(-A)), where A is the cross section of the ion-track and fluence is ). The occupancy at 1012
ions/cm2 assuming the typical diameter of 4.9 nm[3] is about 20% of the sample volume. This explains thepresent result that the decrease in XRD intensity and increase in peak width is detected at relatively low
fluence of 1012 ions/cm2.
Part of the present study is the result of “Research of highly accurate evaluation of radiation damage inadvanced nuclear reactor fuel ceramics” entrusted to “Japan Atomic Energy Agency” by the Ministry ofSe
Cu Kǩ1 Xray

1
20
0.5
0
0

5
10
depth (Ǵm)

Lattice parameter change (㧑)

40

1.5

Se (keV/nm)

Normalized Xray Intensity

Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT).

015(422) peakIntensity (a.u.)

K D1

unirrad.
12

2

13

2

14

2

15

2

1x10 ions/cm
1x10 ions/cm
1x10 ions/cm
1x10 ions/cm
87

88

2ǰ㧔degree)

0.02

Normalized Intensity, I/I o

KD2

89

Fig. 2 Evolution of X-ray diffraction peaks assigned for(422) reflection of UO2 irradiated with 210 MeV Xe ions.
The original positions of peaks for unirradiated sample
are indicated as dotted lines for guides for the eyes.


D

0.04

FWHM (degree)

Fig. 1 Depth profile of normalized intensity of CuKD1 X-ray(8.04 keV) with the incidence angle of 44 degree (dottedline) for UO2 sample. Depth profile of electronic stopping
power, Se, (solid line) is also shown for comparison.

0.06

0
0.4

E
0.2

0
1.2
0.8

F

0.4
0
10

12

References[1] Hj. Matzke, P.G. Lucuta and T. Wiss, Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B166-167(2000)920.
[2] H. Toraya, J. Appl. Cryst., 23(1990)485.
[3] T. Sonoda et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B250 (2006)254.

㪄㩷㪎㪋㩷㪄㩷

14

16

10
10
2
Fluence (ions/cm )Fig. 3 Fluence dependences of (a) lattice parameterchange, (b) full width at half maximum (FWHM)
and (c) peak intensity for (422) peak of UO2
irradiated with 210 MeV Xe ions.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

7.2

Study on effects of energetic ion irradiation in Gd2O3-doped CeO2 by means ofsynchrotron radiation X-ray spectroscopy
Y.Tahara1, K.Shimizu1, N.Ishikawa2, Y.Okamoto2, F. Hori1, T. Matsui1 and A.Iwase1

In the present light-water reactors, to control the initial reactivity of enriched UO2 fuels, Gd2O3, which has
the high neutron-absorption cross section, has been doped into UO2. As Gd2O3-doped UO2 fuels are
exposed to the irradiation with high energy (~100 MeV) fission products (FPs) during the burning, it isimportant to study the effects of the FPs irradiation on the Gd2O3-doped UO2.
To study the effects of Gd2O3-doping and the irradiation with the FPs in the nuclear fuels (UO2),
Gd2O3-doped CeO2 pellets, which are simulation materials of UO2, were irradiated with 200 MeV Xe14+
ions. During recent years CeO2 has been used as a simulation material for UO2 because it has the same
fluorite structure as that of UO2 and its physical properties are similar to those of UO2 [2]. Effects of
Gd2O3-doping and the ion irradiation were estimated by using Extended X-ray Fine Structure (EXAFS)
measurement.
Figure 1 shows the effects of 200 MeV Xe ion irradiation on Fourier transforms of EXAFS spectra(EXAFS-FT spectra) near Ce L3 edge. The first peak corresponds to the first coordination of the Ce atoms(O atoms) and the second peak corresponds to the second coordination of the Ce atoms (Ce(Gd) atoms). In
the case of pure CeO2 and the specimens doped with 1 mol% and 5 mol% Gd2O3, the intensity of first andsecond peaks decreases by the ion irradiation. In the case of 10 mol%-doped specimen, however, the effectof ion irradiation on EXAFS spectrum is much smaller than the other cases. To analyze the EXAFS spectrain details, we compared the experimental EXAFS-FT spectra and the spectra calculated using the FEFF
computer code [2]. By using this computer code, we can determine the value of interatomic distances andDebye-Waller factors. The interatomic distances of Ce-O and Ce-Ce increase by the irradiation and theeffect of the ion irradiation on the atomic distances is more pronounced for higher amounts of dopant. The
Debye-Waller factors for Ce-O and Ce-Ce pairs increase with increasing the amount of Gd2O3 dopant.
These results suggest that the lattice binding energy is weakened by Gd2O3-doping. The present result
reveals that the EXAFS measurement is very useful for the detailed study of the effects of dopant andirradiation on nuclear technology related oxides such as UO2 fuels and their simulation material CeO2.

1Osaka Prefecture University
2
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

㪄㩷㪎㪌㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

0.07

0.07
pure unirrad
pure irrad

(a)

0.06

0.05

0.05

0.04

0.04

|FT|

|FT|

0.06

1mol% unirrad
1mol% irrad

(b)

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01

0

0
0

1

2

3

4

5

0

6

1

2

R[Έ]

4

5

6

0.07

0.07
5mol% unirrad
5mol% irrad

(c)
0.06

10mol% unirrad
10mol% irrad

(d)
0.06

0.05

0.05

0.04

0.04

|FT|

|FT|

3

R[Έ]

0.03

0.03

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.01

0

0
0

1

2

3

4

5

0

6

R [Έ]

1

2

3

4

R [Έ]

Fig. 1 EXAFS-FT spectra near Ce L3 edge before and after irradiation for (a) pure,(b) 1 mol%-doped, (c) 5 mol%-doped, (d) 10 mol%-doped specimens.

References[1] M. Kinoshita et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B267 (2009) 960.
[2] S.I. Zabinsky et al., Phys. Rev., B52 (1995) 2995.

㪄㩷㪎㪍㩷㪄㩷

5

6

JAEA-Review 2011-040

7.3

Change in magnetic properties of CeO2 by swift heavy ion irradiation
K. Shimizu1, S. Kosugi1 , Y. Tahara1, K. Yasunaga3, N. Ishikawa2 , Y. Okamoto 3 ,Y. Baba 3, N. Hirao 3, F. Hori 1, T. Matsui 1 and A. Iwase1

Recently, ferromagnetism has been reported in several defective oxides such as HfO2 thin films[1],ion-irradiated TiO2[2], and CaO[3] and SrO[4] including nonmagnetic impurities. These reports take it as
given that ferromagnetism is induced by lattice defect. In the past, our laboratory showed that the 200
MeV Xe ion irradiation for CeO2 effectively displaced oxygen atoms and produced their Frenkel pairs
through high density electronic excitation[5].
In this study, specimens of CeO2 pellet with dimension of about 6 mm in diameter and 0.3 mm thick were
irradiated room temperature with 200 MeV Xe ions by using a high energy ion accelerator at JAEA-Tokai.
After the irradiation, magnetization was measured by using the superconducting quantum interference
device (SQUID). The scanning range of the applied magnetic field was from -10000 Oe to 10000 Oe andthe measurement temperature was 20 K. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and the extended X-ray
absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurement were used to reserch change of lattice structure withdifference of magnetism .
Figure 1 shows that the magnetization versus magnetic field curve for CeO2 specimens irradiated with 200
MeV Xe ions. The value of saturation magnetization, Ms, systematically changes as a function of
ion-fluence. The value of Ms increases with increasing the ion-fluence reaches a maximum value at about
2x1013/cm2, and then decreases. Figure 2 shows that the change in XRD spectra around (331) peak of
unirradiated and irradiated specimens for various ion-fluence.䎃 The peak is sifted lower angle onunirradiated samples by irradiation, which means that the lattice constant increases with increasing the ion
ion-fluence.
Figure 3 shows that the change in the Fourier transformations of Ce L3-edge EXAFS spectra. When
paying attention to the effects of ion irradiation, the intensity of the first and second neighboring peaks
decrease with increasing the ion irradiation. It means that the structure around Ce atoms are changed
locally by irradiation. The relationship between the irradiation-induced disordering and change in magnetic
state still remains uncertain.

1
2
3

Osaka Prefecture University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Kyusyu University㪄㩷㪎㪎㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

0.06

WPKTTCFZ=GOWI?
Z=GOWI?
Z=GOWI?
Z=GOWI?
Z=GOWI?

Magnetization [emu/g]

0.04

0.02

0

-0.02

-0.04

-0.06
4
-1 10

-5000

0

4

5000

1 10

Magnetic Field [Oe]Fig. 1 Irradiation induced magnetic moment at 320K as a function of appliedmagnetic field for pure CeO2 irradiated with 200MeV Xe.

0.07
un irrad4.0 x 1013 /cm2
0.06
13

13

[/cm ]

4.0x1013[/cm ]

22

2

3.0 x 10 /cm

Intensity

2.0x100.05

2.0 x 1013 /cm2

|FT|

0.04

1.5 x 1013 /cm2

0.03

0.02

5.0 x 1013 /cm2

0.01

unirrad
75.5

76

76.5

77

77.5

0

78

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

R ange [Έ ]2ǰ[degree]

Fig. 2 XRD spectra around (331) of CeO2

Fig. 3

Fourier transform of Ce L3-edge

for various ion-fluences.

EXAFS spectra for CeO2 with ion irradiation.

[1] J.M.D. Cocy et al., Phys. Rev., B72(2005)024450.
[2] S. Zhou et al, Phys. Rev., B79(2009)113201.
[3] K. Kenmochi et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 43(2004)L934.
[4] K. Kenmochi et al. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 73(2004)2952.
[5]

A. Iwase at al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B267(2009)969.

㪄㩷㪎㪏㩷㪄㩷

8

JAEA-Review 2011-040

7.4

Shape and property control of Zn and ZnO nanoparticles
by swift heavy ions
H. Amekura1, N. Ishikawa2 and N. Okubo2

When metal nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in silica glass (SiO2) are irradiated by swift heavy ions (SHI),
elongation of the NPs, i.e., the transformation from spheres to rods along the ion beam direction, is induced.
Distinguishable elongation requires irradiation with the fluence of ~1 × 1014 ions/cm2 or higher, where one
NP is subjected to impacts of ~100 SHIs or more. It is an important issue to understand whether themultiple collisions with SHIs are essential for the elongation or simply the elongation induced by a single
impact is so small that high fluence is necessary. However, up to the present, the most of past works
evaluated the elongation using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the annual report of last year[1], we have shown that the optical transmission spectroscopy with linearly-polarized light is a very
sensitive method to detect the elongation of metal NPs. In this year the method was applied to evaluate theelongation at low fluence down to 1.0 u 1011 ions/cm2 [2].
Zn NPs were formed by implantation of Zn ions of 60
keV to silica glass up to a fluence of 1.0 u 10317

200 MeV Xe14+=> Zn NPs in SiO2

Zn+/cm2. No post-implantation annealing was carried
200 MeV Xe

14+

from the tandem accelerator at

JAEA-Tokai, with an incident angle of 45 deg fromthe sample surface. The SHI fluence was varied fromtransmission

linearly-polarized

light

spectroscopy
was

0 deg
90 deg

2

f)

1 e)

1.0 u 1011 to 2.0 u 1012 ions/cm2.
Optical- Log10 T

out. Then the samples were irradiated by the SHI of

conducted

thewavelength region of 215 – 800 nm at room
temperature. The results are shown in Fig. 1, in theform of the optical density - log10 T, where T denotes
the transmittance. The polarization angle of 0 deg
corresponded to the direction of the major axes ofelongated NPs. In unirradiated state, the spectrum of
the 0 deg polarization coincided with that of the 90
deg polarization, indicating spherical shapes of NPs.

f) 2E12 cm-2e) 1E12d) 5E11c) 2E11b) 1E11a) unirrad

d)
c)
b)
a)

with
in

defect02

3
45
PHOTON ENERGY (eV)Fig. 1. Optical density spectra of Zn NPs insilica irradiated with 200 MeV Xe14+ ions at
different fluences. Linearly polarized lightwith the polarization of 0 and 90 deg wasused, which correspond parallel andperpendicular to the elongation direction of
the NPs, respectively.

With increasing the SHI fluence, the difference
between the spectra of the 0 and 90 deg polarizations increased, indicating the progress of the elongation of1
2

National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

㪄㩷㪎㪐㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

5 eV with increasing the fluence. The peak is
ascribed to radiation damage of silica matrix.
The difference of the optical densities between the
0 and 90 deg polarization at the photon energy of
3.8 eV was plotted in Fig. 2 with the fluence. All
the data points were well fitted by a linear
relationship. However, the observed optical-density(-Log T) 0 deg - (-Log T)90 deg

the NPs. It should be noted that a peak appeared at
14+

0.06

200 MeV Xe=> Zn NPs in SiO2

0.04

@E = 3.8 eV

0.02
Noise level

difference was very small in the unirradiated state
but not zero. This was due to experimental

0

uncertainty. From repeated measurements, we

10
20
11
2
FLUENCE (x 10 Xe/cm )determined the experimental uncertainty of ~0.01
for the difference of the optical density with acertain safety margin. Consequently, the result
shown in Fig. 2 is interpreted as that the elongationof Zn NPs was observed down to 5.0 u 1011
ions/cm2. While very small anisotropic signal wasFig. 2. Differences of optical densities at thephoton energy of 3.8 eV between thepolarization of 0 deg and that of 90 deg areplotted against the fluence. A horizontal
brokenline
indicates
experimental
uncertainty.

observed at 2.0 u 1011 ions/cm2, the same
magnitude of signal can be observed even unirradiated samples because of experimental uncertainty.
Using the small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), Kluth et al. [3] determined the mean radius of the ion
tracks in amorphous silica irradiated by Xe and Au as the function of the electronic energy loss. According
to their results, the radius of our case (200 MeV Xe) corresponds to r ~4 nm. The fluence ) ~ 5 u 1011
ions/cm2, which is the lowest one that the elongation of NPs was observed, corresponds to the surface
coverage ratio (CR) by ion tracks of Sr2) ~ 0.25. Thus, 25% of the surface of the sample was covered byion tracks when superposition of the tracks is negligible.
To elucidate the situation under the condition of CR ~ 0.25, a Monte Carlo simulation of track coverage andoverlaps between ion-tracks in a sample including NPs was conducted. The details were shown in Ref [2].
At CR ~ 0.25, 75% of NPs were hit by ion-tracks once or more, and 40% were hit by the tracks more thanonce. However, overlaps of the tracks occur in only 6% of NPs, i.e., negligible. Consequently, the trackoverlap does not play an important role in the elongation of Zn NPs in silica.
References[1] H. Amekura, et al., JAEA-Review, 2010-056, 111-112.
[2] H. Amekura, et al. Phy. Rev., B83 (2011) 205401 (10 pages).
[3] P. Kluth et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., 101(2008) 175503 (4 pages).

㪄㩷㪏㪇㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

7.5 Radiation effects for film formation andnano-structural changes of iron disilicide thin film
M. Sasase1 and S. Okayasu2

Ion irradiation effects on the synthesis and modification of iron disilicide films have been investigated bycross-sectional observation of transmission electron microscope (TEM) in order to fabricate the films,
which have better quality or unique properties. It has been observed that the pre-treatment effect of thesubstrate surface by several keV Ne+ irradiation affect the crystal structure of the films and interface. The
films which have high orientation and smooth interface with the substrate can be obtained by optimizing
the conditions of ion irradiation [1, 2]. We also attempted to perform nano-scale structure change by thehigh-energy heavy-ion irradiation.
The specimens used in this study were E-FeSi2 films synthesis with the ion beam sputter deposition method
by depositing Fe on Si(100) substrate at 973 K after sputter etching treatment. The specimens were
irradiated by 95 MeV Ni9+ and 240 MeV Au24+ ions at room temperature with a fluence of 1.0 x 1012
ions/cm2 using Tandem accelerator at JAEA. Cross sectional observations were performed with
E-FeSi2/Si(100) by using a transmission electron microscope (TEM, JEOL JEM-3100F) with a fieldemission gun operated at 300 keV[synthesis]: On the basis of our previous reports[1], it
has been clarified that the surface treatment of the Si
substrate greatly affects the crystal structure of thefilms. Among several procedures of surface treatment,

EFeSi2 (100)sputter etching (SE) of the substrate by several keV+

Ne with sequential annealing is fairly effective toobtain highly oriented films with epitaxial relationshipof E-FeSi2(100) //Si(100) [3]. Sputter etching effectof the substrate is investigated by the cross sectional
TEM observation in order to observe nano-structuralchanges of deposited film and film/substrate interface

Si(100)as a function of Ne+ energy and fluence. As the result,the observed TEM images show that the SE at 1 keV (3x 1020 ions/m2) provides uniform films with few
defects and smooth interface (Fig. 1). Better conditionsof the SE for the silicidation and uniform film
formation will be discussed from the results of the

1
2

The Wakasa-wan Energy Research Center (WERC)
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

㪄㩷㪏㪈㩷㪄㩷

5 nm
Fig. 1 Cross sectional TEM images of
E-FeSi2 (100) // Si(100).

JAEA-Review 2011-040

nanostructure changes more precisely in the near
future.
[modification]: When the high-energy heavy ions areirradiated into materials, most of their energies are
dissipated through an electronic excitation [4]. This
leads to strong localization of the dissipated energy
along the projectile path. The density of energy
deposition is high enough, compared with bond or
displacement energy of the target materials, structuralchanges take place such as amorphization and phasetransformation. We attempted to perform nano-scale
structurechangebythehigh-energy

heavy-ion

irradiation. No significant changes were observed in
TEM images by 95 MeV Ni9+ irradiation. On the other
hand, contrast changes corresponded to defects, inducedby ion irradiation were observed from TEM images at
240 MeV Au24+ (Fig. 2). These defects have an average
diameter of 8 nm as a shape of column, which isamorphous. The columnar defects were formed by thethermal spike effect due to the energy dissipation
through electronic excitation. Because we clarified thatthe diameter of columnar defects increased with

Fig. 2 Columnar defects introduced with
240 MeV Au24+ in E-FeSi2 thin films.

electronic stopping power (Se) in the higher energy
region [5].
We attempted to induce structural changes in nanoscale range by swift heavy ion. Although no phasetransition could be confirmed in the E-FeSi2 films, our results showed the structural changes were producedin nano-region by swift heavy ion.

References[1] M. Haraguchi and M. Sasase et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B206 (2003) 313.
[2] M. Sasase et al., J. Appl. Phys., 45(2006)4929.
[3] M. Sasase et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B257 (2007) 186.
[4] M. Toulemonde and F. Studer, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B91(1994) 108.
[5] M. Sasase et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., 2011 in press.

㪄㩷㪏㪉㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

7.6

Formation of metal microstructures induced by heavy ion irradiation in Ag-zeolite
Y. Sasaki1 and S. Okayasu2

When zeolites containing silver ions (Ag-zeolites) are irradiated with a high-energy electron beam of 200 keV orhigher in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the structure eventually becomes amorphous. We havefound that ordered clusters of Ag atoms form in the amorphous regions during irradiation [1] shown in Fig.1.
+

This may be because the breakdown in structure removes the electrostatic attraction binding Ag ions to Al sites
in the zeolite framework.
ᶁAg cluster (< 1nm)

ᶀFig. 1 (main panel) A photo of a cross-sectionᵿ

TEM image of e-irradiated Ag-LTA zeoilte.
Ag–metal clusters are found in the cages of
LTA-zeolite.

[001](upper left) A schematic drawing of Ag-metal[010]

clusters in LTA-zeolite.
(upper right) Crystal structure of LTA-zeolite. A
large hole with 1nm in a diameter exists.

Ag particle

10 nm

Corpuscular irradiation can thus be expected to generate tracks of Ag clusters ordered parallel to the radiation
beam.

In this study, by analyzing their microstructures we verify that ordered tracks are formed within

Ag-LTA (Linde Type A) membranes irradiated with Au ions.
Na-LTA membranes were fabricated on alumina substrates by hydrothermal synthesis, and Ag+ ionsexchanged for Na+ by soaking the membranes in AgNO3 solution for several days. Next, membranes were
irradiated with Au ions at 200 MeV (1×1012 ions/cm2) using the tandem accelerator at the Japan Atomic
Energy Agency. After irradiation, membrane microstructures were observed using a TEM (JEOL JEM-2010
DM). Electric stopping powers of LTA were calculated with the SRIM code, and the results compared withcross-sectional TEM images of the membranes.
Fig. 2 shows a typical cross-sectional TEM image of an irradiated Ag-LTA membrane. Several dotted tracks
are visible from the surface to the base of the membrane. These dots correspond to Ag-metal clusters; thediameter of the black dots is approximately 8~10 nm. All are oriented along the irradiation ion tracks. Light
contrast between the Ag clusters indicates regions where the structure has become amorphous because ofradiation damage. The size of the amorphous regions is almost the same as that of the Ag clusters, and is
proportional to the energy density of the ion irradiation, as well as the magnitude of the membrane’s
12Japan Fine Ceramics Center (JFCC)
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

㪄㩷㪏㪊㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

stopping power. The stopping power depends on the irradiation energy, the element being irradiated and theelements in the target material. Hence, the size and spatial distributions of the clusters can be controlled bycontrolling the irradiation conditions.

Fig. 2 A cross-sectional TEM image of an Ag-LTA membrane irradiated with an Au 200 MeV
beam. Each dotted line corresponds to a track of Ag clusters. The size of each cluster isapproximately 8~10 nm.

References[1] Y. Sasaki and T. Suzuki, Mater. Trans., 50 (2009) 1050.

㪄㩷㪏㪋㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

7.7

Surface amorphization in single crystalline Al2O3
N. Okubo1, N. Ishikawa1, M. Sataka1 and S. Jitsukawa1

Aluminum oxide is expected as functional materials in a field of nuclear energy e.g. insulating materials,
windows used for plasma diagnosis in a fusion reactor and inert matrix materials of geological disposal ofhigh level radioactive waste. Recently, amorphization in ceramics such as the aluminum oxide, which affects
the physical and mechanical properties, is attracted as a phenomenon induced by swift heavy ion irradiations
with high-density electronic energy depositions (Se) [1]. In previous studies, we have reported that amorphous
phase is caused in polycrystalline aluminum oxide by ion irradiation with high-density electronic energy
depositions (Se), although lattice structure of the aluminum oxide is stable against nuclear energy depositions(Sn) [2]. The amorphization behaviors caused by high-density Se depend on the specimen depth and grainorientation around the amorphized-crystalline region. We reported that new distorted lattice planes formed in
the early stage of irradiation around the fluence of 5.0 x 1013 ions/cm2 for single crystalline Al2O3 irradiatedwith 160 MeV-Xe ions [3]. Detailed mechanism of the amorphization induced by ion irradiation has not beenclearly understood. In this report, the microstructures of single crystalline Al2O3 specimen irradiated by swift
heavy ions are investigated by transmission electron microscope.
Single crystalline Al2O3 specimens were irradiated with several energies of Xe ions at ambient temperature,by using the Tandem Accelerator of JAEA. The irradiation energy range was from 70 to 160 MeV. The
fluences were in the range from 1.0 x 1013 to 1.0 x 1015 ions/cm2. After irradiations, XRD measurements andcross sectional TEM observations were conducted. The sapphire specimen irradiated of 160 MeV-Xe at
3.5 x 1014 ions/cm2 was observed by TEM in order to confirm the cross sectional structure in this report.
An obvious boundary was observed in the cross sectional TEM image as shown in Fig.1 (a). The crystal
structure of surface region above the boundary was identified as an amorphous phase and the deeper region asa single crystal by electron diffraction patterns. Distinct ion tracks, induced by passing of high energy
particles, were vertically observed in depth of single crystalline region as shown in Fig.1 (b). The TEM
contrast of ion tracks were decayed and disappeared as increasing the specimen depth. This result indicatesthat amorphization could be caused by overlapping of ion tracks. The projected range (Rp) of the 160 MeV Xeions in the Al2O3 was about 10 Ǵm calculated with the SRIM2000 [4]. The microstructure of the 10Ǵm
depth, where the effect of Sn was maximum, was confirmed as a single crystal. The amorphization depth of
the specimen irradiated at 3.5 × 1014 ions/cm2 was around 800 nm. The TEM observations for other specimens
irradiated at the fluence of 5.0 × 1013 and 1.0 × 1014 ions/cm2 are undergoing.

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency(JAEA)
㪄㩷㪏㪌㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

Fig.1(a)Fig.1(b)Fig.1 Cross sectional TEM images of single crystalline Al2O3
specimen irradiated by 160 MeV Xe ions. Total fluence was
3.5 × 1014 ions/cm2.

References[1] G. Szenes, J. Nucl. Mater., 336 (2005) 81-89.
[2] T. Aruga et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B166-167(2000) 913-919.
[3] N. Okubo et al., JAERI TANDEM Annual Report 2004, JAEA-REVIEW 2005-004(2005)90.
[4] J.F. Ziegler, J.P. Biersack, U. Littmark, The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids, (Pergamon Press, New
York, 1985).

㪄㩷㪏㪍㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

CHAPTER 8
Publication in Journal and Proceedings, andContribution to Scientific Meetings

8.1 Accelerator Operation and Development
8.2 Nuclear Structure
8.3 Nuclear Reaction
8.4 Nuclear Chemistry
8.5 Nuclear Theory
8.6 Atomic Physics and Solid-state Physics
8.7 Radiation Effects in Materials㪄㩷㪏㪎㩷㪄㩷This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

8.1 Accelerator Operation and Development
Journal/Proceedings
M. Matsuda
Present Status of JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelertor
Proc. 7th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan, Himeji (Aug. 4-6, 2010) 15-17.
ᴾ
M. Matsuda, T. Asozu, M. Sataka, S. Hanashima, M. Nakamura, H. Kabumoto and K. Kutsukake
Development of Ion Beam Applications for JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator
Proc. 23rd Meeting for Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Technologies, Tokyo, Univ. of Tokyo(July. 2- 3, 2010)65-68.
T. Asozu, H. Kabumoto, M. Ishizaki, M. Matsuda, T. Nakanoya, S. Abe and T. Ishii
Planning for Constructing the Beam lines at Tokai-Tandem Accelerator
Proc. 23rd Meeting for Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Techonologies, Tokyo, University ofTokyo (July. 2-3, 2010)127-130.
S.C. Jeong, M. Oyaizu, N. Imai, Y. Hirayama, H. Ishiyama, H. Miyatake, K. Niki, M. Okada,
Y.X. Watanabe, Y. Otokawa, A. Osa and S. Ichikawa
Wall-loss distribution of charge breeding ions in an electron cyclotron resonance ion source
Rev. Sci. Instrum., 82(2011)033508.ᴾ
M. Okada, H. Ishiyama, I. Katayama, H. Miyatake, K. Niki, Y. Watanabe, H. Makii and S. Arai
Beam Test of Sawtooth-wave Pre-buncher Coupled to A Multilayer Chopper
Proc. 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, Kyoto, Japan (May 23-28, 2010), Proc. IPAC’10
Kyoto, Japan (2010) 3906-3908.
K. Niki, H. Ishiyama, I. Katayama, H. Miyatake, M. Okada, Y. Watanabe, H. Makii and S. Arai
Design and Test of 2-4 MHz Sawtooth-wave Pre-buncher for 26 MHz-RFQ
Proc. 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, Kyoto, Japan (May 23-28, 2010), Proc. IPAC’10
Kyoto, Japan (2010) 3903-3905.

Meetings
M. Matsuda
Present Status of JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelertor
7th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan, Himeji (Aug. 4-6, 2010).
ᴾ㪄㩷㪏㪐㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

N. Ishizaki, T. Ishii, S. Abe, S. Hanashima, A. Osa, H. Tayama, M. Matsuda, T. Nakanoya, H. Kabumoto,
M. Nakamura, K. Kutsukake, Y. Otokawa, T. Asozu and Y. Tsukihashi
Present Status of JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator facility
23rd Meeting for Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Technologies, Tokyo, Japan (Jul. 2-3, 2010).
M. Matsuda, T. Asozu, M. Sataka, S. Hanashima, M. Nakamura, H. Kabumoto and K. Kutsukake
Development of Ion Beam Applications for JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator
23rd Meeting for Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Technologies, Tokyo, Univ. of Tokyo (July. 23, 2010).
T. Asozu, H. Kabumoto, M. Ishizaki, M. Matsuda, T. Nakanoya, S. Abe and T. Ishii
Planning for Constructing the Beam lines at Tokai-Tandem Accelerator
23rd Meeting for Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Techonologies, Tokyo, Japan (July. 2-3, 2010).
M. Nakamura, M. Matsuda, T. Asozu, M. Sataka, K. Takahiro and N. Matsunami
Heavy ion Rutherford back scattering spectroscopy at JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator
23rd Meeting for Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Technologies, Tokyo, Japan (Jul. 2-3, 2010).
Y. Otokawa, A. Osa, T.K. Sato and M. Matsuda
Development of radioactive ion beam production system at the JAEA-ISOL
23rd Meeting for Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Technologies, Tokyo, Japan (Jul. 2-3, 2010).
M. Okada, H. Ishiyama, I. Katayama, H. Miyatake, K. Niki, Y. Watanabe, H. Makii and S. Arai
Beam test of sawtooth-wave pre-buncher coupled to a multilayer chopper
1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, Kyoto, Japan (May 27, 2010).
K. Niki, H. Ishiyama, I. Katayama, H. Miyatake, M. Okada, Y. Watanabe, H. Makii and S. Arai
Design and test of 2-4 MHz sawtooth-wave pre-buncher for 26 MHz-RFQ
1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, Kyoto, Japan (May 27, 2010).

㪄㩷㪐㪇㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

8.2 Nuclear Structure
Journal/Proceedings
M. Asai, K. Tsukada, H. Haba, Y. Ishii, T. Ichikawa, A. Toyoshima, T. Ishii, Y. Nagame, I. Nishinaka,
Y. Kojima and K. Sueki
Neutron one-quasiparticle states in 251Fm151 populated via the D decay of 255No
Phys. Rev., C83(2011)014315.
H. Hayashi, Y. Kojima, M. Shibata and K. Kawade
Practical QE analysis method based on the Fermi-Kurie plot for spectra measured with total absorption
BGO detector
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 613 (2010) 79-89.
D. Nagae, T. Ishii, R. Takahashi, M. Asai, H. Makii, A. Osa, T.K. Sato, S. Ichikawa, Y.R. Shimizu and
T. Shoji
Lifetime measurements for the first 2+ states in 162,164Gd populated by the E decay of 162,164Eu
Proc. International Symposium on Exotic Nuclei, Sochi, Russia (Sep. 28-Oct. 2, 2009), AIP Conference
Proceedings, 1224(2010)156-160.
M. Miyabe, M. Oba, H. Iimura, K. Akaoka, Y. Maruyama and I. Wakaida
Spectroscopy of laser-produced cerium plasma for remote isotope analysis of nuclear fuelAppl. Phys., A101(2010)65-70.
R. Takahashi, T. Ishii, M. Asai, D. Nagae, H. Makii, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, Y. Ishii, M. Matsuda,
A. Makishima, T. Shizuma, T. Kohno and M. Ogawa
In-beam -ray spectroscopy of 248,250,252Cf by neutron-transfer reactions using a Cf target
Phys. Rev., C81(2010)057303.

Meetings
H. Hayashi, M. Shibata, M. Asai, A. Osa, M. Oshima, A. Kimura, M. Koizumi and T.K. Sato
Development of total absorption detector using clover detector for QE measurements

International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology 2010, Jeju Island, Korea (Apr.
26-30, 2010).
H. Hayashi and M. Shibata
Total absorption detector @KISS

2nd KISS (KEK Isotope Separation System) Project Workshop, Wako, Japan (Mar. 5, 2011).

㪄㩷㪐㪈㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

M. Asai
Strategy for approaching superheavy-nucleus spectroscopy
Fall Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan (Sep. 11-14, 2010).
M. Asai, K. Tsukada, Y. Kasamatsu, A. Toyoshima, T.K. Sato, Y. Nagame, N. Sato and T. Ishii
Systematic measurements of the first excited-state energies in even-even actinide nuclei
Annual Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Niigata, Japan (Mar. 25-28, 2011).
H. Iimura, H. Ohba, M. Oba, M. Miyabe and I. Wakaida
Development of resonance fluorescence spectroscopy of rare earth atoms generated by laser ablation

Fall Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Sakai, Japan (Sep. 26, 2010).

㪄㩷㪐㪉㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

8.3 Nuclear Reaction
Journal/Proceedings
R. Graeger, D. Ackermann, M. Chelnokov, V. Chepigin, Ch.E. Duellmann, J. Dvorak, J. Even, A. Gorshkov,
F,P. Hessberger, D. Hild, A. Huebner, E. Jaeger, J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler, J.V. Kratz, J. Krier,
A. Kuznetsov, B. Lommel, K. Nishio, H. Nitsche, J.P. Omtvedt, O. Petrushkin, D. Rudolph, J. Runke,
F. Samadani, M. Schaedel, B. Schausten, A. Tueler, A. Yakushev and Q. Zhi
Experimental Study of the 238U(36S,3-5n)269-271Hs reaction leading to the observation of 270Hs
Phys. Rev., C81(2010)061601R.
K. Nishio, S. Hofmann, F. P. Heßberger, D. Ackermann, S. Antalic, Y. Aritomo, V. F. Comas,
Ch. E. Düllmann, A. Gorshkov, R. Graeger, K. Hagino, S. Heinz, J. A. Heredia, K. Hirose, H. Ikezoe,
J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler, I. Kojouharov, B. Lommel, R. Mann, S. Mitsuoka, Y. Nagame,I. Nishinaka,

T. Ohtsuki, A.G. Popeko, S. Saro, M. Schädel, A. Türler, Y. Watanabe, A. Yakushev and A. V. Yeremin
Nuclear orientation in the reaction 34S+238U and synthesis of the new isotope 268Hs
Phys. Rev., C82(2010)024611.
K. Nishio, H. Ikezoe, I. Nishinaka, S. Mitsuoka, K. Hirose, T. Ohtsuki, Y. Watanabe, Y. Aritomo and
S. Hofmann
Evidence for quasifission in the sub-barrier reaction of 30Si+238U
Phys. Rev., C82(2010)044604-1-5.
J. Khuyagbaatar, F.P. Hessberger, S. Hofmann, D. Ackermann, V.S. Comas, S. Heinz, J.A. Heredia,
B. Kindler, I. Kojouharov, B. Lommel, R. Mann, K. Nishio and A. Yakushev
The new isotope 236Cm and new data on 233Cm and 237,238,240Cf
Eur. Phys. J., A46(2010 59-67.
F.P. Hessberger, S. Antalic, B. Sulignano, D. Ackermann, S. Heinz, S. Hofmann, B. Kindler,
J. Khuyagbaatar, I. Kojouharov, P. Kuusiniemi, M. Leino, B. Lommel, R. Mann, K. Nishio, A.G. Popeko,
S. Saro, B. Streicher, J. Uusitalo, M. Venhart and A.V. Yeremin
Decay studies of K isomers in 254No
Eur. Phys. J., A43(2010)55-56.
A.N. Andreyev, J. Elseviers, M. Huyse, P. Van Duppen, S. Antalic, A. Barzakh, N. Bree, T.E. Cocolios,
V.F. Comas, J. Diriken, D. Fedorov, V. Fedosseev, S. Franchoo, J.A. Heredia, O. Ivanov, U. Koester,
B.A. Marsh, K. Nishio, R.D. Page, N. Patronis, M. Seliverstov, I. Tsekhanovich, P. Van den Bergh,
J. Van De Walle, M. Venhart, S. Vermote, M. Veselsky, C. Wagemans, T. Ichikawa, A. Iwamoto, P. Moeller
and A.J. Sierk,
A new Type of Asymmetric Fission in Proton-Rich Nuclei
Phys. Rev. Lett., 105(2010) 52502-1-5.

㪄㩷㪐㪊㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

K. Hirose, T. Ohtsuki, Y. Shibasaki, N. Iwase, J. Hori, K. Takamiya, H. Yashima, K. Nishio and
Y. Kiyanagi
Multi-layered parallel plate ionization chamber for cross-section measurement of minor actinides
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A621(2010)379-382.
K. Nishio
Effects of nuclear deformation on fusion process in heavy-element synthesis (in Japanense)
Nuclear Data News, 98(2011)34-43.
K. Nishio
Study for fusion-fission and quasifission in reactions using 238U target nucleus
Proc. International Symposium on Quasifission Process in Heavy Ion Reactions, Messina, Italy, November
8-9, 2010. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 282(2011)012011(11pages).

I. Nishinaka, M. Tanikawa, Y. Nagame and H. Nakahara
Nuclear-charge polarization at scission in proton-induced fission of 233U
Eur. Phys. J., A47(2009)9-1-8.
H. Makii, H. Ueda, Y. Temma, Y. Nagai, T. Shima, S. Fujimoto, M. Segawa, K. Mishima, J. Nishiyama and
M. IgashiraE1 and E2 cross sections of the 12C(D,J)16O reaction at Eeff = 1.2 MeV using pulsed D beams
Proc. 10th International Symposium on Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies, Osaka, Japan (Mar.
8-10, 2010), AIP Conference Proceedings, 1269(2010)283-288.
S. Mitsuoka, H. Ikezoe, K. Nishio, Y. Watanabe, S.C. Jeong, H. Ishiyama,
Y. Hirayama, N. Imai and H. Miyatake
Barrier distribution of quasi-elastic backward scattering in very heavyreaction systems
J. Modern Phys., E19(2010)989-996

Meetings
K. Nishio, I. Nishinaka, S. Mitsuoka, H. Makii, K. Furutaka, Y. Wakabayashi, R. Takahashi, T. Ishii,
S. Chiba, K. Hirose and T. Ohtsuki
Fission fragment mass distribution for actinide nuclei produced by nucleon transfer reaction
Fall meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Sapporo (Sept.15-17, 2010).
K. Nishio
Multiplicity and energy of neutrons from 233U(nth,f) fission fragments
Workshop of the Espace de Structure Nucleaire Theorique, The scission process : the last stage of nuclear
fission, Cedex, France (Apr. 12-16, 2010).

㪄㩷㪐㪋㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

K. Nishio
Effects of nuclear orientation on fusion and fission process for reactions using 238U target nucleus
24th International Nuclear Physics Conference 2010, Vancouver, Canada (Jul. 4-9, 2010).
K Nishio, H. Ikezoe, I. Nishinaka, S. Mitsuoka, K. Hirose, T. Ohtsuki, Y. Watanabe, Y. Aritomo and
S. Hofmann
Fission dynamics in heavy ion collisions on 238U
Scientific Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Dynamics and the Emission of Prompt Neutrons and Gamma
Rays, Sinaia, Romania (Sept. 27-29, 2010).
K. Nishio
Fundamental Study for neutron-induced Fission
Workshop for ANNRI, Tokai, Japan (Feb. 24, 2011).
H. Makii, H. Miyatake, Y.X. Watanabe, N. Imai, H. Ishiyama, Y. Hirayama, K. Niki, M. Okada, S.C. Jeong,
S. Chiba, S. Mitsuoka, K. Nishio and Y. Wakabayashi
Preparation of the measurement of the 12C(D,J)16O reaction at TRIAC
3rd International Conference of “Frontiers in Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics, and Reaction”, Rhodes
Island, Greece (Aug. 23, 2010).

㪄㩷㪐㪌㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

8.4 Nuclear Chemistry
Journal/Proceedings
A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, Y. Ishii, H. Toume, I. Nishinaka, T.K. Sato,Y. Nagame, H. Haba, S. Goto, H. Kudo, K. Akiyama, Y. Oura, K. Ooe, A. Shinohara, K. Sueki,
M. Schädel and J.V. Kratz
Extraction Chromatographic Behavior of Rf, Zr, and Hf in HCl Solution with Styrene-divinylbenzene
Copolymer Resin Modified by TOPO (trioctylphosphine oxide)
J. Nucl. Radiochem. Sci., 11(2010)7.
H. Haba, D. Kaji, H. Kikunaga, Y. Kudou, K. Morimoto, K. Morita, K. Ozeki, T. Sumita, A. Yoneda,
Y. Kasamatsu, Y. Komori, K. Ooe and A. Shinohara
Production and decay properties of the 1.9-s isomeric state in 261Rf
Phys. Rev., C83(2011)034602.

Meetings
M. Schädel
Chemistry of Superheavy Elements – Experimental Achievements and Perspectives
54th Symposium on Radiochemistry, Suita, Japan (Sept. 27-29, 2010).
M. Schädel
Chemistry of superheavy elements: Experimental achievements and perspectives
International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies, Honolulu, Hawaii (Dec. 15-20, 2010).
Y. NagameThe recent superheavy element chemistry at JAEA
2nd International Conference on Application of Radiotracers in Chemical, Environmental and Biological
Sciences, Kolkata, India (Nov. 7-13, 2010).
A. Toyoshima
Electrochemistry of the heaviest elements
International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies, Honolulu, Hawaii (Dec. 15-20, 2010).
T. Kikuchi, A. Toyoshima, Z.J. Li, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, T.K. Sato, N. Sato, Y. Nagame, Y. Kasamatsu
and F.L. Fan

D-HiB complexation and ion-exchange behavior of the group-4 elements as homologues of Rf
54th Symposium on Radiochemistry, Suita, Japan (Sept. 27-29, 2010).

㪄㩷㪐㪍㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

N. Sato, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, T. Sato, A. Toyoshima, Z.J. Li, T. Kikuchi, Y. Kaneya, S. Ichikawa,Y. Nagame and M. Schädel
Development of a gas-jet surface ionizer coupled to a gas-jet transport system for the measurement of thefirst ionization potential for Lr
54th Symposium on Radiochemistry, Suita, Japan (Sept. 27-29, 2010).
N. Sato, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, T.K. Sato, A. Toyoshima, Z.J. Li, Y. Nagame, S. Ichikawa and M. Schädel
Measurement of the first ionization potential of Lr
International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA (Dec. 15-20, 2010).
T.K. Sato, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, N. Sato, Z.J. Li, Y. Kasamatsu, T. Kikuchi, X. Liang,
Y. Kaneya, Y. Nagame and M. Schädel
On-line isothermal gas chromatographic behavior of the group-5 elements Nb and Ta as homologue of Db
54th Symposium on Radiochemistry, Suita, Japan (Sept. 27-29, 2010).
T.K. Sato, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, Y. Ishii, Z.J. Li, N. Sato, T. Kikuchi,
S. Liang, Y. Nagame and M. Schädel
On-line isothermal gas chromatographic behavior of group-5 elements as homologues of Db
International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies, Honolulu, Hawaii (Dec. 15-20, 2010).
T.K. Sato, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, N. Sato, Z.J. Li, T. Kikuchi, Y. Kaneya, Y. Nagame and
M. Schädel
On-line isothermal gas chromatography of oxychlorides of Db (Z=105) and homologues Nb and Ta
Spring Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Yokohama, Japan (Mar. 26-29, 2011).
S. Goto, H. Murayama, T. Kojima, M. Murakami, S. Goto, H. Kudo, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, T. K. Sato,
A. Toyoshima, N. Sato and Y. Nagame
Studies on isothermal chromatographic behavior of Zr and Hf chlorides for the gas phase chemistry of Rf
Annual Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan (Mar. 11, 2011).
S. Ikarashi, K. Sueki, K. Tsukada and Y. Nagame
Study on the adsorption rate of Zr and Hf as homologues of element 104, Rutherfordium, on the
cation-exchange resin in H2SO4 solutions
54th Symposium on Radiochemistry, Suita, Japan (Sept. 27-29, 2010).
X. Liang, Z. Li, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, M. Asai, T.K. Sato, N. Sato, T. Kikuchi, Y. Kaneya and
Y. NagameAnion-exchange behavior of the group-6 elements in HF/HNO3 mixed solutions - Towards the study ofion-exchange behavior of 106Sg 54th Symposium on Radiochemistry, Suita, Japan (Sept. 27-29, 2010).

㪄㩷㪐㪎㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

K. Tsukada, Y. Kasamatsu, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, Y. ishii, Z.J. Li, T.K. Sato, Y. Nagame, M. Schädel,S. Goto, T. Hasegawa, H. Kudo, H. Haba, Y. Kudou, H. Kikunaga, K. Ooe, H. Fujisawa, W. Sato,
A. Shinohara, Y. Oura, K. Akiyama, T. Nanri, M. Araki and A. Yokoyama
Anion-exchange behavior of Db in HF and HNO3 mixed solution using an on-line chemical apparatus
International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies, Honolulu, Hawaii (Dec. 15-20, 2010).
Z.J. Li, A. Toyoshima, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, Y. Kasamatsu, T. Sato, N. Sato, T. Kikuchi, X. Liang,
Y. Nagame, H. Haba, S. Goto, K. Akiyama, M. Nishikawa, T. Takeda, M. Murakami, S. Igarashi and
K. Sueki
Cation-exchange behavior of rutherfordium, 104Rf, in H2SO4/HNO3 mixed solutions ([H+] = 1.0 M)
International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies, Honolulu, Hawaii (Dec. 15-20, 2010).
Z.J. Li, A. Toyoshima, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, T.K. Sato, N. Sato, T. Kikuchi, M. Schädel, Y. Nagame,
X.H. Liang, Y. Kasamatsu, Y. Komori, K. Ooe, A. Shinohara, S. Goto, H. Murayama, M. Murakami,
H. Kudo, H. Haba, Y. Takeda, M. Nishikawa, A. Yokoyama, S. Ikarashi, K. Sueki and K. Akiyama
Sulfate complexation of element 104, Rf, in H2SO4/HNO3 mixed solution ([H+] = 1.0 M)
54th Symposium on Radiochemistry, Suita, Japan (Sept. 27-29, 2010).
K. Tsukada, Y. Kasamatsu, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, Y. Ishii and Y. Nagame
New apparatus AIDA-II for aqueous chemistry of the heaviest elements
International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies, Honolulu, Hawaii (Dec. 15-20, 2010).
H. Murayama, T. Kojima, M. Murakami, S. Goto, H. Kudo, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, T. K. Sato,N. Sato and Y. Nagame
Research on gas phase chemistry for chloride of the group-4 elements
54th Symposium on Radiochemistry, Osaka, Japan (Sept. 27, 2010).
H. Murayama, M. Murakami, S. Goto, H. Kudo, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, T. K. Sato and
Y. NagameGas chromatographic behavior of chloride compounds of group-4 elements
International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies, Hawaii, USA (Dec. 18, 2010).

I. Nishinaka, K. Nishio, M. Tanikawa, H. Makii, Y. Wakabayashi, S. Mitsuoka, and M. Asai
Fission fragment anisotropy in heavy-ion-induced fission of actinides
Annual Meeting of the Japan Society of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences, Osaka, Japan, (Sept. 27,
2010).

㪄㩷㪐㪏㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

8.5 Nuclear Theory
Journal/Proceedings
A. N. Deacon, J. F. Smith, S. J. Freeman, R. V. F. Janssens, M. P. Carpenter, B. Hadinia, C. R. Hoffman,
B. P. Kay, T. Lauritsen, C. J. Lister, D. O’Donnell, J. Ollier, T. Otsuka, D. Seweryniak, K.-M. Spohr,
D. Steppenbeck, S. L. Tabor, V. Tripathi, Y. Utsuno, P. T. Wady and S. Zhu
Cross-shell excitations near the “island of inversion”: Structure of 30Mg
Phys. Rev., C82(2010)034305-1-7.
N. Shimizu, Y. Utsuno, T. Mizusaki, T. Otsuka. T. Abe and M. Honma
Novel extrapolation method in the Monte Carlo shell model
Phys. Rev., C82 (2010)061305(R)-1-5.
Y. Utsuno and S. Chiba
Multiparticle-multihole states around 16O and correlation-energy effect on the shell gap
Phys. Rev., C83(2011)021301(R)-1-5.
R. Kanungo, A. Prochazka, W .Horiuchi, C. Nociforo, T. Aumann, D. Boutin, D. Cortina-Gil, B. Davids,
M. Diakaki, F. Farinon, H. Geissel, R. Gernhauser, J. Gerl, R. Janik, B. Jonson, B. Kindler, R. Knobel,
R. Krucken, M. Lantz, H. Lenske, Y. Litvinov, B. Lommel, K. Mahata, P. Maierbeck, A. Musumarra,
T. Nilsson, C. Perro, C. Scheidenberger, B. Sitar, P. Strmen, B. Sun, Y .Suzuki, I. Szarka, I. Tanihata,
Y. Utsuno, H .Weick and M. Winkler
Matter radii of 32-35Mg
Phys. Rev., C83(2011)021302(R)-1-4.ᴾ
K. Oyamatsu, K. Iida and H. Koura
Neutron drip line and the equation of state of nuclear matter
Phys. Rev., C 82(2010) 027301.
H. Koura
Symmetry energy of nuclear masses and Wigner term
Genshikaku-Kenkyu, 55(2010) 3-63 (in Japanese).
T. Tachibana, H. Koura and J. Katakura
Chart of the Nuclides 2010
Japanese Nuclear Data Committee and Nuclear Data Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (2010).
H. Koura and S. Chiba (ed.)
Proceeding of the 2009 Annual Symposium on Nuclear Data (NDS 2009),
JAEA-Conf 2010-005(2010).

㪄㩷㪐㪐㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

Meetings
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, B.A. Brown, M. Honma, T. Mizusaki, and N. Shimziu
Shell-model approach to exotic nuclei—description by monopole-based universal interaction anddevelopment of a new MCSM code
ECT Workshop “Reactions and Nucleon Properties in Rare Isotopes”, Trento, Italy (Apr. 6, 2010).
Y. Utsuno, N. Shimizu, T. Abe, and T. Otsuka
Fast computation of two-body matrix elements in the Monte Carlo shell model
Fall Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan (Sept. 11, 2010).
Y. Utsuno
Advances in the study of unstable nuclei with the shell modelWorkshop on “Advances in the Nuclear-Structure Study and Its Application,” Tokyo, Japan (Oct. 16, 2010).
Y. Utsuno
Structure of unstable nuclei around N=28 described by a shell model with the monopole-based universal
interaction
International Symposium “New Faces of Atomic Nuclei”, Okinawa, Japan (Nov. 17, 2010).
Y. Utsuno
Shell-model study on the island of inversion: what has been clarified and what should be
RIKEN RIBF Workshop “Towards the Understanding of “Island of Inversion” via Electromagnetic
Moment and Direct Reaction,” Wako, Japan (Dec. 20, 2010).
Y. Utsuno
Towards petascale nuclear-structure calculation: shell-model caseFrench-Japanese Symposium on Nuclear Structure Problems, Wako, Japan (Jan. 6, 2011).
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, S. Chiba, M. Honma, T. Mizusaki, N. Shimizu and N. Tsunoda
Half-life calculation of 79Se
Workshop on “Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy,” Tokyo, Japan (Mar. 10, 2011).
H. KouraCalculation of fission barrier in the heavy and super-heavy mass region by using spherical-basis method
3rd International Conference on Current Problems in Nuclear Physics and Atomic Energy, Kyiv, Ukraine(Jun. 7 - 12, 2010).

㪄㩷㪈㪇㪇㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

H. Koura
Global properties of nuclear masses and decays in the neutron-richmass region - influence to the r-process
nucleosynthesis 2nd OMEG Institute seminar, RIKEN (Wako) (Jul. 15, 2010).
H. Koura
Alchemy in Universe ---Origin of atoms and nuclei--Summer seminarin ‘Deru-kui’ program promoted by Waseda University,sponsored by the JST
program:‘Training for future scientists’, Kamogawa, Japan (Jul. 27, 2010).
H. Koura
Why does the nuclei decay? ---Stability and decay modes of nuclei --49th Summer School of Nuclear Chemistry, Miharu, Fukushima, Japan (Aug. 30, 2010).
H. Koura, O. Iwamoto and S. Chiba
Approval condition of the surrogate ratio method and its verification
Fall Meeting of Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Sapporo, Japan (Sept. 16, 2010).

Y. Aritomo, S. Chiba and S. Hashimoto
Analysis of surrogate reaction with unified model
Annual meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Okayama, Japan (Mar. 20, 2010).
Y. Aritomo, S. Chib, S. Hashimoto, Y. Utsuno and H. Koura
Description of surrogate reaction with unified model
Annual Meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Mito, Japan (Mar. 27, 2010).
S. Hashimoto, K. Ogata, S. Chiba and M. Yahiro
Systematic analysis of reaction cross section for deuteron induced reaction
Second EMMI-EFES Workshop on Neutron-Rich Exotic Nuclei, Wako (Jun. 16, 2010).
S. Hashimoto, K. Ogata, S. Chiba and M. Yahiro
Determination of critical radius and systematic analysis of total reaction cross section with
Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channel method
RCNP workshop on nuclear reaction, Ibaraki, Japan (Aug. 2-4, 2010).
S. Hashimoto, K. Ogata, S. Chiba and M. Yahiro
Systematic analysis of reaction cross section for deuteron induced reaction with Continuum-Discretized
Coupled-Channel method
Fall meeting of the physical society of Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan (Sept. 11-14, 2010).

㪄㩷㪈㪇㪈㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

K. Ogata, S. Hashimoto and S. Chiba
Investigation on the Surrogate method with the Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channel method
Fall meeting of the physical society of Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan (Sept. 11-14, 2010).
Y. Watanabe, T. Ye, S. Hashimoto, K. Ogata and M. Yahiro
Systematic analysis of (d,xn) and (d,xp) breakup reactions for energies up to 100 MeV
Fall meeting of the Atomic energy society of Japan, Sapporo, Japan (Sept. 15-17, 2010).
S. Hashimoto and M. Kohno
Analysis of (K-,K+) reaction and Ǘ-nucleus potential with semi-classical distorted wave model
KEK theory center workshop on Strangeness nuclear physics 2010, Tsukuba, Japan (Dec. 2-4, 2010).
S. Hashimoto, K. Ogata, S. Chiba and M. Yahiro
Analysis of incomplete and complete fusion in deuteron induced reaction with eikonal reaction theory
Annual meeting of the physical society of Japan, Niigata, Japan (Mar. 25-28, 2011).

㪄㩷㪈㪇㪉㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

8.6

Atomic Physics and Solid-state Physics

Journal/Proceedings
N. Matsunami, J. Fukushima, M. Sataka, S. Okayasu H. Sugai and H. KakiuchidaElectrical property modifications of In-doped ZnO films by ion irradiation
Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B268(2010)3071.
N. Matsunami, M. Sataka, S. Okayasu and H. Kakiuchida
Ion irradiation effects on tungsten-oxide films and charge state effect on electronic erosion
Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B268(2010)3167.

Meetings
M. Imai, M. Sataka, K. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro, K. Komaki, H. Shibata, H. Sugai and K. Nishio
Equilibrium and non-equilibrium Charge State Distribution of 2 MeV/u Carbon Ions Passing through
Carbon Foils
24th International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids, Krakow, Poland (Jul. 18-23, 2010).
N. Matsunami, J. Fukushima, M. Sataka, S. Okayasu H. Sugai and H. Kakiuchida,
Modification of In-doped ZnO properties by high-energy ions
Fall Meeting, Japan Physical Society, Okayama, Japan (Sept. 23, 2010).
N. Matsunami, M. Katoh, M. Sataka, and S. Okayasu
Effects of incident charge of high-energy ions on decomposition of copper nitride
24th International Conference on Atomic Collision in solids, Krakou, Poland (Jul. 18-23,2010).

㪄㩷㪈㪇㪊㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

8.7

Radiation Effects in Materials

Journal/Proceedings
N. Ishikawa, K. Ohhara, Y. Ohta and O. Michikami
Binomial distribution function for intuitive understanding of fluence dependence of non-amorphizedion-track area
Nuclear Instrum. Methods, B268(2010)3273.
T. Sonoda, M. Kinoshita, N. Ishikawa, M. Sataka, A. Iwase and K. Yasunaga
Clarification of high density electronic excitation effects on the microstructural evolution in UO2Nuclear Instrum. Methods, B268(2010)3277.
Y. Tahara, B. Zhu, S. Kosugi, N. Ishikawa, Y. Okamoto, F. Hori, T. Matsui and A. Iwase
Study on effects of swift heavy ion irradiation on the crystal structure in CeO2 doped with Gd2O3
Nuclear Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B269(2011)886-889.
B. Zhu, H. Ohno, S. Kosugi, F. Hori, K. Yasunaga, N. Ishikawa and A. Iwase
Effects of swift heavy ion irradiation on the structure of Er2O3-doped CeO2
Nuclear Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B268(2010)3199-3202.
H. Amekura, N. Ishikawa, N. Okubo, M. C. Ridgway, R. Giulian, K. Mitsuishi, Y. Nakayama, C. Buchal,S. Mantl, and N. Kishimoto
Zn nanoparticles irradiated with swift heavy ions at low fluences: Optically-detected shape elongationinduced by nonoverlapping ion tracks
Phys. Rev., B83(2011)205401.

Meetings
N. Ishikawa and K. Takegahara
Irradiation damage due to electronic excitation in CeO2 irradiated with high-energy heavy ionsInternational conference on ion beam modification in materials, Montreal, Canada (Aug. 22, 2010).
N. Ishikawa
Electronic excitation and formation of lattice defects due to high-energy particle irradiation
Lattice defect forum, Osaka, Japan (Sept.21, 2010).
K. Takegahara and N. Ishikawa
Radiation effects by high-density electronic excitation in CeO2 irradiated with high-energy ions11th meeting on surface analysis using ion beam, Nagoya, Japan (Nov. 3, 2010).

㪄㩷㪈㪇㪋㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

N. Ishikawa, T. Sonoda, Y. Okamoto, T. Sawabe, K. Takegahara, S. Kosugi and A. Iwase
X-ray study of radiation damage in UO2 irradiated with high-energy heavy ionsInternational conference on nuclear materials: NuMat 2010, Karlsruhe, Germany (Oct. 4, 2010).
K. Takegahara and N. Ishikawa
Radiation effects by high-density electronic excitation in CeO2 irradiated with high-energy ions
Fall Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Osaka, Japan (Sept. 23, 2010).
K. Shimizu, Y. Tahara, S. Kosugi, N. Fujita, T. Matsui, F. Hori, A. Iwase, Yasunaga and N. Ishikawa
Magnetism of CeO2 induced by energetic heavy swift ion irradiation
KUR Workshop on materials irradiation effects and application, Osaka Japan (Dec. 17, 2010).
Y. Tahara, K. Shimizu, N. Ishikawa, Y. Okamoto, F. Hori, T. Matsui and A. Iwase
Study on Effects of Energetic Ion Irradiation in Gd2O3-doped CeO2 by Means of Synchrotron Radiation
X-ray Spectroscopy
Spring Meeting of European Material Research Society, Nice France (May 10, 2011).
Y. Tahara, B. Zhu, S. Kosugi, N. Ishikawa, Y. Okamoto, F. Hori, T. Matsui and A. Iwase
Study on effects of swift heavy ion irradiation on the crystal structure in CeO2 doped with Gd2O3
24th International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids, Krakow, Poland (Jul. 25, 2010).
H. Amekura, N. Ishikawa, R. Giulian, M.C. Ridgway, Ch. Buchal, S. Mantl and N. Kishimoto
Elongation of Metal Nanoparticles Embedded in Silica Induced by a Single Ion Impact
24th International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids, Krakow, Poland (Jul. 20, 2010).
H. Amekura, N. Ishikawa, N. Okubo, R. Giulian, M.C. Ridgway, Ch. Buchal, S. Mantl and N.Kishimoto
Single-ion-impact Induced Elongation of Zn Nanoparticles Embedded in Silica
17th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials, Montreal, Canada (Aug. 23, 2010).
H. Amekura
Optical Detection of Irradiation effects of Swift Heavy Ions on Zn and ZnO Nanoparticles in Silica
Conference on Swift Heavy Ions in Materials engineering and Characterization, New Delhi, India (Oct. 7,2010).
H. Amekura, N. Ishikawa, N. Okubo, R. Giulian, M.C. Ridgway and N. Kishimoto
Elongation of Embedded Nanoparticles Induced by Non-overlapped Impacts of Swift Heavy Ions Detectedby Optical Dichroism
20th MRS-J Academic Symposium, Yokohama, Japan (Dec. 21, 2010).

㪄㩷㪈㪇㪌㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

M. Sasase, S. Okayasu and H. Yamamoto
Radiation effects for film formation and nano-structural changes of iron disilicide thin film
17th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials, Montreal, Canada (Aug. 23, 2010).

Y.Sasaki‫ޔ‬M. Kobayashi, H. Kita and S. Okayasu
Formation of metal microstructures induced by heavy ion irradiation in Ag-zeolite
2nd International Symposium on Advanced Microscopy and Theoretical Calculations(Jun. 24-26, 2010).

㪄㩷㪈㪇㪍㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

CHAPTER 9
Personnel and Committee

9.1

Personnel

9.2

Research Planning and Assessment Committee㪄㩷㪈㪇㪎㩷㪄㩷This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

9.1

Personnel
Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator
Kiyonobu Yamashita

DirectorTakeshiMaruo

Deputy Director

TetsuroIshii

Deputy Director

Shuji

YoshinariManager of Administration Section

Masao

Sataka(temporary staff)

SuehiroTakeuchi(temporary staff)

Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator
Tandem Accelerator Section ( * General Manager )Scientific Staff
TetsuroIshii*

MakotoMatsudaTechnical Staff
SusumuHanashima

Shin-ichi

Abe

Nobuhiro Ishizaki
Hidekazu Tayama
Takamitsu Nakanoya
Hiroshi

Kabumoto

Masahiko Nakamura
Ken-ichiKutsukake

Yoshinori Otokawa
Takuhiro

Asozu

Yoshihiro Tsukihashi(temporary staff)

Entrusted Operators
Takahiro

YoshidaTakayuki

Ishiguro

Kazushi

Yamaguchi

Nobuo

Seki

Teruo

OnoderaHikaruNisugi㪄㩷㪈㪇㪐㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

Department of Radiation Protection
Facility Radiation Control Section I
Kunio

Kawarai

HayatoHiragaTomoyoFukami

DaisukeHigashiSusumuKinaseAdvanced Science Research Center
Sadamichi Maekawa

Director

Yuichiro

NagameDeputy Director

HiroshiIkezoe(temporary staff)

Advanced Science Research Center
Research Group for Shell Structure and Reaction Properties of Heavy Nuclei far from  Stability ( * Group Leader )Satoshi

Chiba*

ToshikiMaruyama

Shin-ichi

Mitsuoka

Katsuhisa Nishio
Hiroyuki

Koura

YutakaUtsunoIchiroNishinaka

Hiroyuki

Makii

Yoshihiro Aritomo(Special Topic Researcher)

Shintaro

Hashimoto(Post Doc.)

Yasuo

Wakabayashi(Post Doc.)

Ryuta

Takahashi(Student)

Advanced Science Research Center
Research Group for Superheavy Elements ( * Group Leader )Matthias

Schädel*Kazuaki

TsukadaMasatoAsai

Tetsuya K. Sato

AtsushiToyoshima(Senior Postdoc.)

Zi JieLi(Post Doc.)

Nozomi

Sato(Postdoc.)Takahiro

Kikuchi(Student)

YusukeKaneya(Student)㪄㩷㪈㪈㪇㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

Advanced Science Research Center
Research Group for Mechanical Control of Materials and Spin Systems
SatoruOkayasu(Deputy Group Leader)

Nuclear Technology and Education Center
Nobuo

Shinohara

Hiroyuki

Sugai

Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate
Innovative Nuclear Science Research Group ( * Group Leader )Hideo

Harada*Hideki

IimuraMitsuoKoizumiKazuyoshi Furutaka
FumitoKitatani

Shoji

Nakamura

YosukeToh

Atsushi

Kimura

Kaoru

Hara

(Senior Post Doc.)

Tadahiro

Kin(Senior Post Doc.)

FutoshiMinato(Post Doc.)

Masumi

Oshima(temporary staff)

Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate
Research Group for Radiation Materials Engineering
Shiro

Jitsukawa

NoritoIshikawa

NariakiOkubo

Nuclear Engineering Research Collaboration Center,
Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate 㩷 Special group for RI generation technology using accelerator neutrons(* Group Leader)
Yasuki

Nagai* 㩷

Quantum Beam Science Directorate
Gamma-ray Non-Destructive Assay Research Group
Toshiyuki Shizuma
Takehito

Hayakawa㪄㩷㪈㪈㪈㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

Quantum Beam Science Directorate
Neutron Imaging and Activation Analysis Group
Yuichi

HatsukawaHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies –Radioactive Nuclear Beams Project Group ( * Group Leader )Sun-Chan Jeong*
Hiroari

Miyatake

Hironobu Ishiyama
YutakaWatanabeNobuakiImai

Yoshikazu Hirayama
Michihiro Oyaizu
Shoji

SuzukiHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)- Accelerator Laboratory Kazuaki

Niki

MasashiOkada㪄㩷㪈㪈㪉㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

9.2

Research Planning and Assessment Committee

Chairman

Kouichiro

Asahi(Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology)

MemberTadashiKambara(Senior Scientist, RIKEN)

Kenji

Kimura(Professor, Kyoto University)

ShigeoTomita(Associate Professor, Tsukuba University)

Toshiaki

Kaneko(Professor, Okayama University of Science㧕Hisaaki

Kudo(Professor, Niigata University)

Eiji

Ideguchi(Lecturer, The University of Tokyo)

HitoshiNakata(Professor, Chiba University)

Koichi

Hagino(Associate Professor, Tohoku University)

Tomotsugu Sawai(Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate,
JAEA)

Hideo

Harada(Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate,
JAEA)

Yuichi

Hatsukawa(Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA)

TetsuroIshii(Dep. Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator,
JAEA)

Masao

Sataka(Dep. Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator,
JAEA)

Kiichi

Hojo(Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA)

Shin-ichi

Mitsuoka(Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA)

NoritoIshikawa(Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate,

Organizer Secretary

JAEA)
MasatoAsai(Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA)

HiroshiIkezoe(Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA)

㪄㩷㪈㪈㪊㩷㪄㩷This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

CHAPTER 10
Cooperative Researches and Common Use in JAEA

10.1 Cooperative Research Programs
10.2 Common Use Programs in JAEA

㪄㩷㪈㪈㪌㩷㪄㩷This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2011-040

10.1 Cooperative Research Programs
Title

Contact Person & Organization

1. In-beam g-ray spectroscopy of neutron- deficientToshiyuki KOHNO
Tokyo Institute of Technology

actinide nuclei using heavy-ion induced transfer
reactions

2. Reduction of mendelevium using an electrochemistry Atsushi SHINOHARA
apparatus

Osaka University

3. Barrier distribution derived from quasi-electric

Sun-Chan JEONG

backscattering in heavy nucleus-nucleus collisionHigh Energy Accelerator Researchleading to superheavy element production

Organization
Takayoshi HORIGUCHI

4. Development of gas-cell laser spectroscopy for themeasurement of nuclear radii of unstable tungsten

Hiroshima International Univ.

isotopes
Keisuke SUEKI

5. Experimental assignment of single-particle

Univ. of Tsukuba

configurations in superheavy nuclei by means offine structure spectroscopy
6. Coulomb excitation experiment of 126Xe

Eiji IDEGUCHI
Univ. of Tokyo

7. Fission fragment anisotropy in heavy-ion-induced

Akihiko YOKOYAMA

fission of actinides.

Kanazawa Univ.

8. Study for quasi-fission process in the heavy-ion
reactions using

238

Tsutomu OHTSUKI

U target nucleus

9. Development and generation of211

Tohoku University
211

Rn/ At generator for
211

Akihiko YOKOYAMAAt

Kanazawa Univ.

10. Study of damage formation process under high-energy

Takeshi SONODA

long-distance shipping of short-lived radioisotope
for medical use

fission fragment irradiation

Central Research Institute of ElectricfieldsPower Industry

11. Control of electronic and magnetic properties ofheavy element oxides by using highAkihiro IWASE
Osaka Prefecture University

density electroonic excitation due to swift heavy ions
12. Electronic excitation effects and material
modifications of non-metallic ceramics by
high-energy ions㪄㩷㪈㪈㪎㩷㪄㩷

Noriaki MATSUNAMI
Nagoya University

JAEA-Review 2011-040

13. Charge state evolution of heavy ions passing through

Makoto IMAI
Kyoto University

solid targets

14. Metal-semiconductor transition control on a FeSi2

Masato SASASE

thin film with high energy heavy

The Wakasa-wan Energy Researchion irradiations Center

15. Nano-fabrication of zeolite with high energy ion
irradiations

Yukichi SASAKI
Japan Fine Ceramics Center

10.1 Cooperative Research Programs (contd.) using TRIAC
Title

Contact Person & Organization

1. Development of accelerator technology for short-lived

Sun-Chan JEONG

High Energy Accelerator Researchradioactive nuclear beam

Organization
2. Measurement of the 12C(D,J)16O cross sections by Hiroari MIYATAKE
using TRIACHigh Energy Accelerator Research
Organization (KEK)3. Development of spin-polarized radioactive nuclear

Yoshikazu HIRAYAMA

beam for nuclear spectroscopy through b-delayed decay

High Energy Accelerator Researchof spin-polarized nuclei around doubly magic nucleus

Organization

132

Sn

4. Extremely safe Coulomb excitation of 142Ba

Nobuaki IMAIHigh Energy Accelerator Research
Organization㪄㩷㪈㪈㪏㩷㪄㩷

JAEA-Review 2011-040

10.2 Common Use Programs in JAEA

Title

Contact Person & Organization

1. Shape and property control of Zn and ZnO nanoparticles
by Swift Heavy Ions

Hiroshi AMEKURA
National Institute for Materials Science(NIMS)

2. Study on effects of energetic ion irradiation in
Gd2O3-doped CeO2 by means of synchrotron radiation

Akihiro IWASE
Osaka Prefecture University

X-ray spectroscopy heavy ion irradiation induced

ferromagnetism in FeRh alloys
3. Morphological change in metal nano-particles induced byswift heavy ion irradiation

Syo MATSUMURA
Kyushu University

4. Studies on volatile behavior of Zr and Hf chlorides

Shin-ichi GOTO
Niigata University㪄㩷㪈㪈㪐㩷㪄㩷This is a blank page.

国際単位系（SI）
表１．SI 基本単位
SI 基本単位

基本量

名称
記号
長
さメ ートル m
質
量 キログラム kg
時
間
秒
s
電
流ア ンペア A
熱力学温度 ケ ル ビ ン K
物 質 量モル mol
光度 カ ン デ ラ cd

表２．基本単位を用いて表されるSI組立単位の例
SI 基本単位
組立量
名称
記号
面
積 平方メートルm2
体
積 立法メートルm3
速 さ ， 速 度 メートル毎秒m/s
加速度 メートル毎秒毎秒
m/s2
波
数 毎メートルm-1
密 度 ， 質 量 密 度 キログラム毎立方メートル
kg/m3
面
積
密
度 キログラム毎平方メートル
kg/m2
比
体
積 立方メートル毎キログラム
電流
密
度 アンペア毎平方メートル
磁 界 の 強 さ アンペア毎メートル
量 濃 度 (a) ， 濃 度 モル毎立方メートル
質量
濃度 キログラム毎立法メートル
輝
度 カンデラ毎平方メートル屈折率 (b) （数字の） １
比 透 磁 率 (b) （数字の） １

乗数
24

10
1021
1018
1015
1012
109
106
103

3

m /kg
A/m2
A/m
mol/m3
kg/m3
cd/m2
1
1

102
101

表５．SI 接頭語
記号 乗数
接頭語
Ｙ
シ
10-1 デ

ゼ
タ
エ ク サ

Ｚ
Ｅ

10-2

ペ
テ

タ
ラ

Ｐ
Ｔ

ギ
メ

ガ
ガ

Ｇ
Ｍ

マイクロ
ノ
10-9 ナコ
10-12 ピ
10-15 フェムト

キ
ロ
ヘ ク ト
デ
カ

ｋ
ｈ
da

10-3
10-6

記号

セ ン チ
ミ
リ

ト
10-18 ア
10-21 ゼ プ ト
10-24 ヨ ク ト

d

c
m
µ
n
p
f
a
z
y

表６．SIに属さないが、SIと併用される単位
名称
記号
SI 単位による値
分
min 1 min=60s
時
h 1h =60 min=3600 s（a）量濃度（amount concentration）は臨床化学の分野では物質濃度（substance concentration）ともよばれる。
（b）これらは無次元量あるいは次元１をもつ量であるが、そのことを表す単位記号である数字の１は通常は表記しない。

d
°
’

日
度
分

表３．固有の名称と記号で表されるSI組立単位
SI 組立単位
組立量
他のSI単位による SI基本単位による
名称
記号
表し方
表し方
（ｂ）
平
面
角 ラジアン(ｂ)
rad
m/m
1
（ｂ）
(ｂ)
(c)
2/ 2
立
体
角 ステラジアン
sr
1
m m
周
波
数 ヘルツ（ｄ）
Hz
s-1
力
ニュートン
N
m kg s-2
圧力
応
力 パスカル,Pa
m-1 kg s-2
N/m2
エ ネ ル ギ ー , 仕 事 , 熱 量 ジュールJNm
m2 kg s-2
仕 事 率 ， 工 率 ， 放 射 束 ワット
WJ/s
m2 kg s-3
電
荷
電気量 クーロン,
CsA
電 位 差 （ 電 圧 ） , 起 電 力 ボルト
VW/A
m2 kg s-3 A-1
静電
容量 ファラドF
C/V
m-2 kg-1 s4 A2
電
気
抵
抗 オーム
Ω
V/A
m2 kg s-3 A-2
コ ン ダ ク タ ン ス ジーメンス
S
A/V
m-2 kg-1 s3 A2
磁
束 ウエーバWb
Vs
m2 kg s-2 A-1
磁
束
密
度 テスラ
T
kg s-2 A-1
Wb/m2
イ ン ダ ク タ ン ス ヘンリーH
Wb/A
m2 kg s-2 A-2
セ ル シ ウ ス 温 度 セルシウス度(ｅ)℃K
光
束 ルーメンlm
cd
cd sr(c)照度 ルクスlx
m-2 cdlm/m2
Bqs-1
放 射 性 核 種 の 放 射 能 （ ｆ ） ベクレル（ｄ）
吸収線量, 比エネルギー分与,
グレイ
Gy
J/kg
m2 s-2カーマ
線量当量, 周辺線量当量, 方向
Sv
J/kg
m2 s-2シーベルト（ｇ）
性線量当量, 個人線量当量酸素
活性 カタールkat
s-1 mol

1 d=24 h=86 400 s
1°=(π/180) rad1’=(1/60)°=(π/10800) rad”1”=(1/60)’=(π/648000) radha 1ha=1hm2=104m2
L，l 1L=11=1dm3=103cm3=10-3m3t
1t=103 kg

秒
ヘクタール
リットル
トン

表７．SIに属さないが、SIと併用される単位で、SI単位で表される数値が実験的に得られるもの
名称
記号
SI 単位で表される数値
電 子 ボ ル ト
ダ ル ト ン
統一原子質量単位

eV
Da
u

天

ua

文

単

位

1eV=1.602 176 53(14)×10-19J

1Da=1.660 538 86(28)×10-27kg
1u=1 Da1ua=1.495 978 706 91(6)×1011m

表８．SIに属さないが、SIと併用されるその他の単位
名称
記号
SI 単位で表される数値
バー
ル bar １bar=0.1MPa=100kPa=105Pa
水銀柱ミリメートル mmHg 1mmHg=133.322Pa(a)SI接頭語は固有の名称と記号を持つ組立単位と組み合わせても使用できる。しかし接頭語を付した単位はもはや
コヒーレントではない。
(b)ラジアンとステラジアンは数字の１に対する単位の特別な名称で、量についての情報をつたえるために使われる。
実際には、使用する時には記号rad及びsrが用いられるが、習慣として組立単位としての記号である数字の１は明示されない。
(c)測光学ではステラジアンという名称と記号srを単位の表し方の中に、そのまま維持している。
(d)ヘルツは周期現象についてのみ、ベクレルは放射性核種の統計的過程についてのみ使用される。
(e)セルシウス度はケルビンの特別な名称で、セルシウス温度を表すために使用される。セルシウス度とケルビンの単位の大きさは同一である。したがって、温度差や温度間隔を表す数値はどちらの単位で表しても同じである。
(f)放射性核種の放射能（activity referred to a radionuclide）は、しばしば誤った用語で”radioactivity”と記される。
(g)単位シーベルト（PV,2002,70,205）についてはCIPM勧告2（CI-2002）を参照。

表４．単位の中に固有の名称と記号を含むSI組立単位の例
SI 組立単位
組立量
SI 基本単位による
名称
記号
表し方
-1
粘
度 パスカル秒
Pa s
m kg s-1
力 の モ ー メ ン ト ニュートンメートル
Nm
m2 kg s-2
表面
張力 ニュートン毎メートル
N/m
kg s-2角
速度 ラジアン毎秒
rad/s
m m-1 s-1=s-1
角
加速度 ラジアン毎秒毎秒
rad/s2
m m-1 s-2=s-2
熱 流 密 度 , 放 射 照 度 ワット毎平方メートル
W/m2
kg s-3
熱 容 量 , エ ン ト ロ ピ ー ジュール毎ケルビン
J/K
m2 kg s-2 K-1
比 熱 容 量 ， 比 エ ン ト ロ ピ ー ジュール毎キログラム毎ケルビン J/(kg K)
m2 s-2 K-1
比 エ ネ ルギ ー ジュール毎キログラム
J/kg
m2 s-2
熱伝
導率 ワット毎メートル毎ケルビン W/(m K) m kg s-3 K-1
体 積 エ ネ ル ギ ー ジュール毎立方メートル J/m3
m-1 kg s-2
電界の強さ ボルト毎メートル
V/m
m kg s-3 A-1
電荷密
度 クーロン毎立方メートル C/m3
m-3 sA
表面
電
荷 クーロン毎平方メートル C/m2
m-2 sA
電 束 密 度 ， 電 気 変 位 クーロン毎平方メートル C/m2
m-2 sA誘
電率 ファラド毎メートル
F/m
m-3 kg-1 s4 A2
透磁率 ヘンリー毎メートル
H/m
m kg s-2 A-2
モ ル エ ネ ル ギ ー ジュール毎モル
J/mol
m2 kg s-2 mol-1
モルエントロピー, モル熱容量 ジュール毎モル毎ケルビン J/(mol K) m2 kg s-2 K-1 mol-1
照 射 線 量 （ Ｘ 線 及 び γ 線 ） クーロン毎キログラム
C/kg
kg-1 sA
吸収線
量率 グレイ毎秒
Gy/s
m2 s-3放射
強度 ワット毎ステラジアン
W/srm4 m-2 kg s-3=m2 kg s-3
放射輝
度 ワット毎平方メートル毎ステラジアン W/(m2 sr) m2 m-2 kg s-3=kg s-3
酵 素 活 性濃 度 カタール毎立方メートル kat/m3
m-3 s-1 mol

接頭語
ヨ
タ

オングストローム
海
里
バ
ー
ン

Å
Ｍ

１Å=0.1nm=100pm=10-10m
１M=1852m

b

ノ
ネ
ベ

ト
パ
ル

kn
Np
Ｂ

１b=100fm2=(10-12cm)2=10-28m2
１kn=(1852/3600)m/s

ル

dB

ッ
ー

デ

ジ

ベ

SI単位との数値的な関係は、対数量の定義に依存。

エ

表９．固有の名称をもつCGS組立単位
名称
記号
SI 単位で表される数値
ル
グ erg 1 erg=10-7 J

ダ
ポ

イ
ア

ス
ス

ト ー ク
チ
ル

フ
ガ

ォ

ン dyn 1 dyn=10-5N
ズ P 1 P=1 dyn s cm-2=0.1Pa s
ス St 1 St =1cm2 s-1=10-4m2 s-1
ブ sb 1 sb =1cd cm-2=104cd m-2
ト ph 1 ph=1cd sr cm-2 104lx
ル Gal 1 Gal =1cm s-2=10-2ms-2

マ ク ス ウ ｪ ルガ
ウス
エルステッド（ ｃ）

Mx
G
Oe

1 Mx = 1G cm2=10-8Wb

1 G =1Mx cm-2 =10-4T
1 Oe (103/4π)A m-1（c）３元系のCGS単位系とSIでは直接比較できないため、等号「は対応関係を示すものである。

キ
レ
ラ

名称
ュ
リ
ン

レ
ガ

ト

表10．SIに属さないその他の単位の例
記号
SI 単位で表される数値
ー Ci 1 Ci=3.7×1010Bq

ゲ

ン

ン R
ド rad
ム rem
マ γ

1 R = 2.58×10-4C/kg

1 rad=1cGy=10-2Gy
1 rem=1 cSv=10-2Sv
1γ=1 nT=10-9T

1フェルミ=1 fm=10-15m

フェルミ
メートル系カラット

1メートル系カラット = 200 mg = 2×10-4kg

気

ル Torr 1 Torr = (101 325/760) Pa
圧 atm 1 atm = 101 325 Pa

ロ

リ

ー

cal

ク

ロ

ン

µ

ト
標

準

カ
ミ

大

」

1cal=4.1858J（｢15℃｣カロリー），4.1868J（｢IT｣カロリー）4.184J（｢熱化学｣カロリー）

1 µ =1µm=10-6m（第8版，2006年改訂）

この印刷物は再生紙を使用しています