ISSUE17ISSUE

September
2021

This issue
Last Month’s Slides P.1
Monthly Case study P.1-2
Basophil P.2-3
Cell Quiz P.2
World Sepsis Day P.3

LastMonth’sSlides
Monthly Digital Case study
Side 1

August 2021 slide 2

Hairy Cell Leukaemia.
Chromatin is not typical of
hairy cells, cytoplasm istypical.

Presentation

Slide 2Female (76 years old)

FBC Results

See case study on right

Slide 3
Neutrophilia, anisocytosis,
Target Cells (+),
Erythroblastosis

Slide 4
Blasts-immaturechromatin, ALL

WBC 20.6* (10^3/mm3)
RBC 2.67* (10^6/mm3)
HGB 8.0* (g/dL)
HCT 24.0* (%)
MCV 90 (fL)
MCH 30.0 (pg)
MCMH 33.3 (g/dL)
PLT 123 (10^3/mm3)
Neutrophils 71.5%
Lymphocytes 9.2%
Monocytes 9.2%
Eosinophils 0.9%
Basophils
0.0%

Anisocytosis and polychromasia

Slide 5Lymphopenia
Neutrophil

Slide 6

Slide review

Lymphopenia-lymphoid population withpolymorphic appearance

Patient on intensive care unit.
Film shows neutrophilia, anaemia, anisocytosis and discrete myelemia.

Cell QuizCan you name the structure seenin the slide below?
CLUE: Often found in Myeloid
Blast Cells during acute myeloid
leukaemia.

Basophil article
Basophils were first described by Paul Ehrlich in 1879 and are the least
common of all the white cells, the normal range being 0.1 – 1% or 0.0 to 0.3
x109/l. When stained by Romanowsky methods e.g May-Grunwald Giemsa,
basophils can be identified by their prominent large dark basophilic granules
which often occlude the bi lobed nucleus. The lifespan of the peripheral
Basophil is in the order of 70 hours.

Last Month’s Cell Quiz
This cell is characterised byabundant granular cytoplasm
with predominance of specific
granules, kidney-shaped orindented nucleus, coarser
chromatin, and lack of distinct
nucleoli:

Basophils develop in the bone marrow from a common myeloid stem cell.
Distinct basophil development is under the control of many factors, such as
Interleukin -3 (IL-3), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and Interferon
regulatory factor 8 (IRF8).
Basophils have the capability to produce histamine (the only cell able to dothis) and serotonin and are partially responsible for various allergic (immune)
reactions in the body. Basophils play an important role in protecting the bodyfrom parasitic infections, like helminth infections. If Basophil levels are low,then it may take longer for the body to respond to such infections. Basophils
are recruited to sites of inflammation and are subsequently activated bynumerous factors, including IgE crosslinking, complement fragments and IL-8,
upon activation histamine and IL-4 and IL- 3 is released.
Roles of the major basophil activation products in allergic disease

Answer: Metamyelocyte
A metamyelocyte is a cellundergoing granulopoiesis. It
originates from a myelocyte andis the precursor of a neutrophil.
The metamyelocyte ischaracterised by the appearanceof a bent or kidney-shaped
nucleus, and does not have avisible nucleolus under the lightmicroscope.

Histamine

Il-4, IL-3

Increases vascular permeability
causes smooth muscle contraction

Promote Th2 lymphocyte differentiation
Promotes IgE productionQSP 2.0
Basophils are known to play a role in allergic reactions and are thought tocontribute to the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis, atopic
dermatitis, allergic drug reactions, immediate hypersensitivity reactions(eg, anaphylaxis), asthma, bullous pemphigoid, lupus nephritis, Crohn’sdisease, skin and kidney allograft responses and acute and chronic
myelogenous leukaemia. The Basophil Activation Test (BAT) is used
experimentally to detect allergic reactions to drug, food and venom. The
BAT is a flow cytometry based assay, where allergens are introduced towhole blood, stained with antibodies coupled to fluorochromes directedagainst known activation markers, the red cells are lysed and the cellsuspension made ready for testing. The most common Basophil activation
markers used, are CD63 and CD203c. The BAT is used in place of the oral
food challenge (OFC) which involves the ingestion of suspected allergens
and as such might induce a severe allergic reaction. Therefore the OFC can
only be performed under clinical supervision.
Basophilia is a rare finding and is associated with Chronic Myeloid
Leukaemia, allergic rhinitis, radiation therapy, and bee stings.

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license and a site license
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concurrent users.
To find out more,contact us.

Bibliography
Basophils , British Societyof Immunology, Bitesze
Immunology
Karen Buckland.
Basophils and allergic
inflammation, J. Allergy
Clin Immunol, 2013
October;132(4):789-788

Basophil counting on the Yumizen H1500/H2500:

No of cells

The Basophil channel works on the principle that when incubated with thereagent Basolyse non basophils are stripped of their cytoplasm, whilst
Basophils retain the cytoplasm and therefore can be separated based onsize. The resulting dilution is then analysed using aperture impedance and acell size distribution curve is generated.

Editorial Team
Kelly Duffy
Andrew Fisher

Non Basophils

About usVolume

World Sepsis Day 2021

HORIBA UK Limited
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Northampton, UKNN3 6FL
HORIBA Medical
Parc Euromédecine, 390
Rue du Caducée, 34790,
FranceThe 13th of September 2021 was World Sepsis Day. Accounting for 11 million deaths in
the world annually, sepsis is the number one cause of death in hospitals and can affect www.horiba.com/medical
anyone, with even higher risk among very young, ill, or old people.
Read our blog about its symptoms and stages, how crucial time is, the tests needed,and how point of care IVD systems can enable quick decisions.