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JAEA-Review 2009-036

JAEA-Review 2009-036

JAEA-Tokai Tandem Annual Report 2008
April 1, 2008 – March 31, 2009
Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator
Nuclear Science Research InstituteTokai Research and Development Center
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken(Received September 15, 2009)
The JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator complex has been used in various research fields
such as nuclear science and material science by researchers not only of JAEA but also fromuniversities, research institutes and industrial companies. This annual report covers
developments of accelerators and research activities carried out using the tandem accelerator,
superconducting booster, and radioactive nuclear beam accelerator, from April 1, 2008 to
March

31,

2009.

Fifty-fivesummaryreports

werecategorized

into

seven

research/development fields:(1) accelerator operation and development(2) nuclear structure(3) nuclear reaction(4) nuclear chemistry(5) nuclear theory(6) atomic physics and solid state physics(7) radiation effects in materials
This report also lists publications, meetings, personnel, committee members, cooperative
researches and common use programs.

Keywords : JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, Operation Results, Nuclear Structure, Nuclear
Reaction, Nuclear Chemistry, Nuclear Theory, Atomic Physics, Solid State Physics,
Radiation Effects in Materials, Progress Report.

Editors : Yuichiro NAGAME, Satoshi CHIBA, Norito ISHIKAWA, Shin-ichi MITSUOKA,
Mitsuo KOIZUMI, Makoto MATSUDA , and Suehiro TAKEUCHIii

JAEA-Review 2009-036

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ii
ii

JAEA-Review 2009-036

Foreword
This report covers research and development activities with the tandem accelerator, its superconducting
booster and TRIAC radioactive ion accelerator at JAEA Tokai, for the period of FY 2008 (April 1, 2008 to
March 31, 2009). During this period, the tandem accelerator was operated over a total of 210 days anddelivered 25 different ions to the experiments in the fields of nuclear physics, nuclear chemistry, atomic
physics, solid state physics and radiation effects in materials. Fifty-four research programs were carried out
in collaboration with a total of about 250 researchers from universities and research institutes. The TRIAC
was operated for 25 days. We held a meeting in celebration of a-hundred-thousand hours of accelerator
operation for experiments on January 6 and 7 in 2009, inviting Dr. Akira Tonomura as a lecturer and having
26 oral presentations and 48 posters, with about 120 participants. The following are some of the highlights
in FY 2008.
In the development of the tandem accelerator and the booster, the in-terminal 14.5-GHz ECR ion source,
installed last fiscal year, has been operated in good condition. We delivered high-intensity and high-energy
heavy-ion beams from this ion-source. We have accelerated multiply charged xenon beams up to 30+. Thischarge state enabled us to accelerate xenon ions to the beam energy of 480 MeV, which was the highest for
single-end electrostatic accelerators.
As research highlights facilitating TRIAC, a test experiment searching for unbound resonance states in 10Be
via 8Li + d reaction, diffusion study of ionic conductors, an R&D experiment searching for the time
reversal symmetry break by using spin-polarized 8Li beams were conducted. As development of TRIAC,
we injected 140Xe ions into the charge breeding ECR ion source and measured the residual activities inorder to understand the elementary process of charge breeding.
In research of nuclear structure, in-beam �-ray spectroscopy experiments of 40Ar and 189Pt and Coulomb
excitation experiments of 84Sr and 124Xe have been made by utilizing the multiple �-ray detectors,
GEMINI-II; a new super-deformed band was found in 40Ar. High-spin states in 248,250,252Cf were identified
up to 12+ states by using heavy-ion transfer reactions with a high-radioactive Cf target. Excited states in
255

No were established for the first time through �-� spectroscopy of

251

12

259

Cf( C,4n) Rf reaction. The ground-state configuration of259

Rf produced in the259

Rf was also identified.

In research of nuclear reactions, fission fragment mass distribution in 30Si + 238U was measured around the
Coulomb barrier. The variation of the mass distribution with bombarding energy shows the nuclear
orientation effects of the well-deformed 238U. Fusion-fission cross sections in 19F + 209Bi at sub-barrierenergies were determined by a radiochemical method to study sub-barrier fusion hindrance in heavy-masssystems.

In research of nuclear chemistry, the anion-exchange experiment with element 105, dubnium (Db)
together with its homologues Nb and Ta has been conducted in HF/HNO3 solution with the newly
developed apparatus AIDA-II. The characteristic anion-exchange behavior of Db at the fluoride ion
iii

iii

JAEA-Review 2009-036

concentration [F–] = 0.003 M was observed. The result clearly demonstrates that the fluoro complex
formation of Db is significantly different from that of the group-5 homologue Ta in the 6th period of
the periodic table while it is close to that of the lighter homologue Nb in the 5th period.
In research of nuclear theory, a new shell-model interaction was constructed to cover the full sd-pf shell
space. Based on it, the non-monotonic change of the shell gap beyond N=28 was interpreted by an interplay
between central and tensor forces. A new formulation was carried out for the incomplete and complete
fusion cross sections with the CDCC method, and it was applied to 7Li(d,n) and (d,p) reactions.
Single-particle structures in the super-heavy region and equation of state of low-density nuclear matter at
finite temperature were also investigated.
In research of atomic physics and solid state physics, Coster-Kronig electrons from high-Rydberg states
produced in high-energy collisions of Nq+(q=1-3) with He were measured for the first time.
In research of radiation effects in materials, ion-track formation of UO2 irradiated with high-energy heavy
ions was extensively investigated in order to evaluate damage of high-burnup nuclear fuels. Nanometer-size
ion-tracks were observed in UO2 irradiated with 210 MeV Xe, indicating that high-energy fission fragments
can form severe damages via formation of ion-tracks.

Tetsuro ISHII, Deputy Director, Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator

iv

iv

JAEA-Review 2009-036

Contents
1. ACCELERATOR OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT··································································· 1
1.1 Operation and usage of tandem accelerator and booster································································· 3
T. Ishii, Y. Tsukihashi, S. Hanashima, S. Abe, N. Ishizaki, A. Osa,
H. Tayama, M. Matsuda, T. Nakanoya, H. Kabumoto, M. Nakamura,
K. Kutsukake, Y. Otokawa and T. Asozu
1.2

KEK-JAEA joint RNB project ···································································································· 5S.C. Jeong on behalf of TRIAC Collaboration

1.3 Development of target-ion source system for the separation of 9Li ··············································· 7
A. Osa, Y. Otokawa and S. C. Jeong
1.4 Development of radioactive ion beam production systems for TRIAC··········································· 9
Y. Otokawa, A. Osa, T. K. Sato, M. Matsuda, S. Ichikawa and S. C. Jeong
1.5 Beam performance of in-terminal ECR ion source injector ························································ 11
M. Matsuda, T. Asozu and K. Kutsukake
1.6 Improvement of acceleration field gradients of superconducting resonators
by high pressure water jet rinsing and anodizing ··············· 13
H. Kabumoto, N. Ishizaki, T. Yoshida, T. Ishiguro and K. Yamaguchi
1.7 Development of the column voltage measurement system using load cell sensors························ 15
K. Kutsukake, M. Matsuda and S. Hanashima
1.8 Influence of the median potential in electrostatic steerers on beam optics ···································· 17
T. Asozu, M. Matsuda and K. Kutsukake
1.9 Remodeling of electronics for electrostatic steerers ····································································· 19
K. Kutsukake, M. Matsuda, T. Asozu and S. Hanashima
1.10 Replacement of old PCs in the accelerator control system ······················································· 20
S. Hanashima
1.11 Improvement of a bending magnet control program in the accelerator control system ·············· 22
S. Hanashima
1.12 Activity of reducing SF6 gas leakage at the tandem accelerator·················································· 24
T.Nakanoya, H.Tayama, H.Kabumoto, M.Matsuda and Y.Tsukihashi
2. NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ··············································································································· 27
2.1 Spectroscopy of 108Ag via neutron transfer reactions ··································································· 29
J. J. Carroll, T. Shizuma, T. Ishii, G. P. Trees, N. Caldwell, I. Mills,
T. Harle, H. Makii, R. Takahashi, D. Nagae, T. Hayakawa,
E. Ideguchi, P. M. Walker, S. A. Karamian and R. S. Chakrawarthy
2.2

Shape coexistence in 189Pt··········································································································· 31
X.H. Zhou, W. Hua, Y.H. Zhang, M. Oshima, Y. Toh, M. Koizumi,
H. Harada, K. Furutaka, F. Kitatani, S. Nakamura, Y. Hatsukawa,
M. Ohta, K. Hara, T. Kin and M. Sugawara

2.3 Decay study on fission products with on-line isotope separator ··················································· 33vv

JAEA-Review 2009-036

M. Shibata, M. Asai, A. Osa, M. Oshima, A. Kimura,
M. Koizumi and T. K. Sato
2.4��Coulomb excitation experiments of 124Xe ·················································································· 35
M. Koizumi, Y. Toh, M. Oshima, A. Kimura, Y. Hatsukawa,
K. Furutaka, H. Harada, F. Kitatani, S. Nakamura and M. Sugawara
2.5 Alpha-gamma spectroscopy of 259Rf produced by using a mixed Cf target ································· 37
M. Asai, K. Tsukada, Y. Kasamatsu, T. K. Sato, A. Toyoshima,
Y. Ishii, R. Takahashi, Y. Nagame, T. Ishii, I. Nishinaka,
D. Kaji, K. Morimoto and Y. Kojima
2.6 Superdeformed band in 40Ar ····································································································· 39
E. Ideguchi, S. Ota, T. Morikawa, M. Oshima, M. Koizumi, Y. Toh,
A. Kimura, H. Harada, K. Furutaka, S. Nakamura, F. Kitatani,
Y. Hatsukawa, T. Shizuma, M. Sugawara, H. Miyatake,Y. Watanabe, Y. Hirayama and M.Oi
2.7 Coulomb excitation measurement of 84Sr ·················································································· 41
Y. Toh, M. Koizumi, M. Oshima, A. Toyoshima, H. Harada,
K. Furutaka, F. Kitatani, S. Nakamura, A. Kimura, Y. Hatsukawa,
A. Osa, M. Sugawara and T. Morikawa
2.8 Charge radii in macroscopic-microscopic mass models ····························································· 43
H. Iimura and F. Buchinger
2.9

In-beam �-ray spectroscopy of 248,250,252Cf using neutron-transfer reactions ······························· 45
R. Takahashi, T. Ishii, D. Nagae, M. Asai, H. Makii,
K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, Y. Ishii, M. Matsuda,
A. Makishima, T. Shizuma, T. Kohno and M. Ogawa

2.10 Development of RI ion trap system ························································································· 47
D. Nagae, T. Ishii, H. Makii, R. Takahashi , T.K. Sato,
A. Osa and S. Ichikawa
2.11 Lifetime measurement for the first 2+ state in 162Gd ································································· 48
D. Nagae, T. Ishii, R. Takahashi , M. Asai, H. Makii,
A. Osa, T.K. Sato and S. Ichikawa
2.12 A new technique to measure half-lives of long-lived isomers ··················································· 49
using a total absorption detector
M. Asai, H. Hayashi, A. Osa, T. K. Sato, Y. Otokawa, D. Nagae,
K. Tsukada, Y. Miyashita, H. Ouchi, S. Izumi, T. Shinozuka and M. Shibata
2.13 Search for highly excited states in 10Be using deuteron elastic reaction to 8Li ·························· 51
H. Miyatake, H. Ishiyama, S.C. Jeong, X.Y. Watanabe, N. Imai,
Y. Hirayama, H. Makii. S. Mitsuoka, K. Nishio, T. Sato, T. Teranishi,
T. Fukuda, Y. Mizoi, H. Sato,, K. Yamaguchi, A. Takashima and M. Suga
3. NUCLEAR REACTION ················································································································ 53
3.1 Indirect determination of neutron radioactive capture reaction cross section ······························ 55
of medium heavy nuclei
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JAEA-Review 2009-036

N. Imai, H. Ishiyama, H. Sato, S.C. Jeong, D. Nagae, K. Nishio, Y. Hirayama,
H. Makii, S. Mitsuoka, H. Miyatake, K. Yamaguchi and Y.X. Watanabe
3.2 Barrier distribution of quasi-elastic backscattering in heavy systems ········································· 57
S. Mitsuoka, H. Ikezoe, K. Nishio, Y.X. Watanabe, S.C. Jeong,
Y. Hirayama, N. Imai, H. Ishiyama and H. Miyatake
3.3��Effects of nuclear orientation on fission fragment mass distributionsin the reaction of 30Si + 238U ············ 58
K. Nishio, H. Ikezoe, S. Mitsuoka, I. Nishinaka, Y.X. Watanabe, Y. Nagame,T. Ohtsuki and K. Hirose
3.4��Sub-barrier fusion hindrance in 19F + 209Bi reaction ··································································· 60
I. Nishinaka, Y. Kasamatsu, M. Tanikawa, S. Goto and M. Asai
3.5��Test of time reversal symmetry using polarized nuclei ······························································· 62�
J. Murata, T. Akiyama, M. Hata, Y. Hirayama, Y. Ikeda, T. Ishii, D. Kameda,
H. Kawamura, S. Mitsuoka, H. Miyatake, D. Nagae, K. Ninomiya, M. Nitta,
E. Seitaibashi and T. Toyoda
4. NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY ·············································································································· 65
4.1 Anion-exchange experiment of Db with 0.31 M HF/0.10 M HNO3 solution ······························ 67
Y. Kasamatsu, A. Toyoshima, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, Z. Li, Y. Ishii, T.K. Sato,
I. Nishinaka, T. Kikuchi, H. Haba, Y. Kudou, N. Sato, Y. Oura, K. Akiyama,
K. Ooe, H. Fujisawa, A. Shinohara, S. Goto, H. Kudo, M. Araki, M. Nishikawa,
A. Yokoyama and Y. Nagame
4.2 Development of on-line isothermal gas chromatographic apparatus for 265Sg ····························· 69
T.K. Sato, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, Y. Ishii, Z. Li,
T. Kikuchi and Y. Nagame
4.3

Ion-exchange behavior of Zr and Hf as homologues of element 104, Rf,
in H2SO4 solutions ·············· 71
Z.J. Li, A. Toyoshima, K. Tsukada and Y. Nagame

4.4 Production of Nb and Ta tracers for chemistry of Db ································································· 73
S. Goto, T. Kawasaki, T. Hasegawa, Y. Shigeno, H. Kudo, K. Tsukada,
M. Asai, A. Toyoshima and Y. Nagame
4.5 Synthesis of water-soluble encapsulated-radioisotope fullerenes · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 74
K. Sueki, K. Akiyama, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima and Y. Nagame
5. NUCLEAR THEORY ···················································································································· 77
5.1 Non-monotonic evolution of the shell gap beyond N=28 caused by the interplay
between central and tensor forces ············ 79
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, B.A. Brown, M. Honma and T. Mizusaki
5.2 Single-particle levels of spherical nuclei in the superheavy nuclear mass region ························ 81
H. Kouravii

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

5.3 New formulation of incomplete and complete fusion cross sections with the CDCC method········ 83
S. Hashimoto, K. Ogata, S. Chiba and M. Yahiro
5.4 Equation of state of low-density nuclear matter at finite temperature ········································· 85
T. Maruyama, S. Chiba and T. Tatsumi
6.

ATOMIC PHYSICS AND SOLID STATE PHYSICS ····································································· 87
6.1 Coster-Kronig electrons from Nq+ Rydberg states
produced in high-energy collisions with He ·············· 89
K. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro, M. Sataka, M. Imai, H. Sugai, K. Kawaguchi,
H. Shibata and K. Komaki
6.2 Charge state distribution of sulfur ions after penetration of C-foil targets (VI) ··························· 91
M. Imai, M. Sataka, H. Sugai, K. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro, K. Komaki,
K. Nishio and H. Shibata
6.3 Diffusion of 8Li short-lived radiotracer in NaTl-type intermetallic compound LiAl ···················· 93
H. Sugai, M. Sataka, S. Okayasu, S. Ichikawa, K. Nishio, S. Mitsuoka,
T. Nakanoya, S.C. Jeong, I. Katayama, H. Kawakami, Y.X. Watanabe,
H. Ishiyama, N. Imai,Y. Hirayama, H. Miyatake, T. Hashimoto and M. Yahagi
6.4 Atomic and electronic structure modifications of copper-nitride films
by ion impact and phase separation ············· 95
N. Matsunami, M. Sataka, H. Sugai, S. Okayasu, H. Kakiuchida and M. Tazawa
6.5 Decomposition of copper-nitride films by ion impact ································································ 97
N. Matsunami, M. Sataka, S. Okayasu and H. Sugai

7.

RADIATION EFFECTS IN MATERIALS ····················································································· 99
7.1 Modification of magnetic properties of FeRh bulk alloys ························································ 101
by energetic heavy ion irradiation
S. Kosugi, Nao. Fujita, N. Ishikawa, Y.Saito, T. Matsui and A. Iwase
7.2 Effects of swift heavy ion irradiation on the structure of Er-doped CeO2 ·································· 103
B.Zhu, K.Yasunaga, N.Ishikawa, H.Ohno and A.Iwase
7.3 Study on semiconductor device process by high energy ion implantation ································· 105
H. Sakane, T. Ohmori and H. Uno�
7.4 Morphological and compositional change in FePt nanogranular thin films
irradiated with swift heavy ions ············ 107
M. Shirai, K. Tsumori, K. Yasuda, S. Matsumura and N. Ishikawa
7.5 Transport properties of (�-FeSi2) thin films ············································································· 109
S. Okayasu and M. Sasase
7.6 Irradiation effect on Ag-zeolite ······························································································· 111
S. Okayasu and Y. Sasaki
7.7 Study of electronic excitation effects on the microstructural evolution in UO2 ·························· 113
T. Sonoda, N. Ishikawa, M. Sataka, K. Yasunaga, M. Kinoshita and A. Iwase

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7.8

Microstructure observations and distribution of chemical compositions ofmetal precipitates in Zircaloy-2- Distribution of Si in Zircaloy-2 – ·········· 115

T. Sonoda, N. Ishikawa and M. Sataka
7.9 Study on irradiation behavior of reactor pressure vessel steels
by using high-energy heavy-ion irradiation ············ 117
Y. Chimi, T. Tobita, N. Ishikawa, and A. Iwase
7.10 Damage recovery of radiation damage in CeO2 created by electronic energy deposition ········· 119
N. Ishikawa
7.11 Study of spatial distribution of chemical damages by ion beams
using dynamic nuclear polarization ·········· 121
T. Kumada, Y. Noda, K. Ohara and N. Ishikawa
8. PUBLICATION IN JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, AND
CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS ·················· 123

8.1

Accelerator Operation and Development ···············································································125

8.2 Nuclear Structure····················································································································129
8.3 Nuclear Reaction ····················································································································133
8.4 Nuclear Chemistry··················································································································136
8.5 Nuclear Theory·······················································································································139
8.6 Atomic Physics and Solid State Physics·················································································145
8.7

Radiation Effects in Materials ································································································147

9. PERSONNEL AND COMMITTEE ······························································································ 151

9.1 Personnel ······························································································································153
9.2 Research Planning and Assessment Committee ···································································157
10. COOPERATIVE RESEARCHES AND COMMON USE IN JAEA ············································ 159

10.1 Cooperative Research Programs ·························································································161
10.2 Common Use Programs in JAEA ·······················································································163ixixThis is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2009-036

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2.� ������ ································································································································· 27
2.1� ��������� 108Ag ������� ··········································································· 29
Carroll J.� ��� ������ ���Trees G.�Caldwell N.�Mills I.�Harle T.����� ������ ������ ������ ������� ���Walker P.�
Karamian S.�Chakrawarthy R.

2.2�

189

Pt ������ ···················································································································· 31�����Hua W.��������� ����� ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ����� ������ ������ ���

2.3� ������������������������������� ···························· 33
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JAEA-Review 2009-036

2.4� 124Xe ���������� ··································································································· 35
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2.5� Cf �������� 259Rf � �-� ���� ············································································ 37
��� ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������� ������ ������ ������ ������ ��

2.6� ���� 40 �������� ······························································································· 39���� ������ ������ ������ ������ ����� ������ ����� ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ����� ������ ���

2.7�

84

Sr �������� ············································································································· 41
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2.8� �������������������� ······································································ 43
��� ���Buchinger F.

2.9� ����������� 248,250,252Cf ����������� ············································ 45
��� ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ����� ������ ������ ������ ��

2.10� RI ������������� ·························································································· 47
��� ������ ������ ������ ������ ����� ������ ��

� 2.11�

162

Gd ������������� ······················································································ 48
��� ������ ������ ������ ������ ����� ������ ������ ��

2.12 �������������������������� ·············································· 49
��� ����� ����� ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ����� ������� ����� ��

2.13

8

Li ���������������� 10Be ��������� ··································· 51
��� ������ ����� ������ ����� ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ����� ������ ����� ������ ������� ������ ��

3.� ������ ································································································································· 53
3.1� ������������������������ ······················································· 55
��� ������ ������ ����� ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������� �

3.2� ���������������������� ······························································· 57
��� ������ ����� ������ ���� ������� ������ ������ ������ ���

3.3�

30

Si + 238U ����������� 238U ������� ···················································· 58
��� ������ ����� ������ ������ ��

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

��� ������� ����� ���
19

F + 209Bi ������������������ ····························································· 60

3.4�

��� ������ ������ ������ ������ ��

3.5� ��������������������� ··································································· 62��� ������ ����� ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ��

4.� ������ ································································································································· 65
4.1� 0.31 M HF/0.10 M HNO3 �������� Db ���������� ······························· 67��� ������ ������ ������ ���Li Zijie���� ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ����� ������ ������ ������ ������ ����� ������ ������ ������ ����� ������ ���
265

4.2�

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4.3� �������������� Zr ��� Hf ��������: 104 ���� ················ 71��������������� ������ ������ ������ ���

4.4� ����������������������������� ···································· 73��� ������ ������� ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ���

4.5� ������������������������ ······················································· 74
��� ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ���

5.� ������ ································································································································· 77
5.1� ��������������������������
���� 28 ������������������ ·············· 79������ ����� ���Brown B. A.���� ������ ��

5.2� ���������������������� ······························································· 81��� ��

5.3� ���������������������������������
������� ·············· 83��� ������� ������ ����� ��

5.4� ��������������������� ··································································· 85��� ������ ���� ��

6.� ����������� ·············································································································· 87
6.1� He ��������������� Nq+�����������
������������ ·············· 89

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

��� ����� ������ ������ ����� ������ ������ ������ ���

6.2� ����������� S ��������(VI)� ···························································· 91��� ����� ������ ������ ����� ������ ������� ������ ��

6.3 NaTl ������� LiAl �� 8Li ������������� ······································ 93��� ������ ������ ����� ������ ������ ������� ����� ������ ������ ������ ����� ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ��

6.4� ����������������������������� ···································· 95��� ����� ������ ������ ��� ���� ����� ��

6.5� ��������������� ························································································· 97��� ����� ������ ����� ��

7.� �������� ·························································································································· 99
7.1� �������������������������� ············································ 101
��� ������ ������ ������ ������ ������ ��

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

CHAPTER 1
Accelerator Operation and Development

1.1

Operation and usage of tandem accelerator and booster

1.2
1.3

KEK-JAEA joint RNB project�
Development of target-ion source system for the separation of 9Li

1.4

Development of radioactive ion beam production systems for TRIAC

1.5

Beam performance of in-terminal ECR ion source injector

1.6

Improvement of acceleration field gradients of superconducting resonators
by high pressure water jet rinsing and anodizing

1.7

Development of the column voltage measurement system using load cell sensors

1.8

Influence of the median potential in electrostatic steerers on beam optics

1.9

Remodeling of electronics for electrostatic steerers

1.10 Replacement of old PCs in the accelerator control system
1.11 Improvement of a bending magnet control program in the accelerator control system
1.12 Activity of reducing SF6 gas leakage at the tandem accelerator-1－1－This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2009-036

1.1

Operation and usage of tandem accelerator and booster

T. Ishii1, Y. Tsukihashi1, S. Hanashima1, S. Abe1, N. Ishizaki1, A. Osa1, H. Tayama1, M. Matsuda1,
T. Nakanoya1, H. Kabumoto1, M. Nakamura1, K. Kutsukake1, Y. Otokawa1 and T. Asozu1

The tandem accelerator and booster were operated for experiments from July 14, 2008 to November 12,
2008, and from January 16, 2009 to May 6, 2009. The total operation time of the tandem accelerator for
FY2008 (from April 1, 2008 to March 31, 2009) was 210 days and 25 different beams were delivered forexperiments. The experimental proposals and the usage of the beam times for FY2008 are summarized inTable 1 and Table 2, respectively.
In FY2008, the in-terminal 14.5-GHz ECR ion source, SUPERNANOGUN, was operated in goodcondition. We have obtained high-intensity and high-energy heavy-ion beams from this ion source. We
accelerated a 0.5 pµA Kr beam of 12+ charge state. We confirmed the acceleration of multiply charged Xebeams up to 30+ , attaining the beam energy of 480 MeV.
Table 1. Experimental Proposals.

Table 2. Usage of beam-times
in different research fields.

Research proposals accepted

Research fieldby the program advisory committee:
In-house staff proposals

10

Collaboration proposals

44

Number of experiment proposed

54

Total number of scientists participating in researchfrom out side251

in-house

258

Number of institutions presented

35

Beam time(days)(%)

Nuclear physics

96

45.7

Nuclear chemistry

22

10.5

Atomic and material sciences

66

31.4

Industrial use

7

3.3

Accelerator development

19

9.0

total

210

Distributions of the terminal voltage and ion species for experiments are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,
respectively. Most of the beams were extracted from three negative ion sources, SNICS-2. The hydrogen
beam and multiply charged ion beams of nitrogen, oxygen and rare gases were accelerated from thein-terminal ECR ion source. The ECR ion source was used as much as 31 % of all the beam time.
The super-conducting booster was operated for a total of 17 days to boost the energies of 6 different beams
from the tandem accelerator, as is summarized in Table 3. These beams were used for experiments ofnuclear physics. Eight resonators out of 40 resonators was treated by a high-pressure water jet spray rinse(HPWR).
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The 7Li and proton beams were supplied to the TRIAC (Tokai Radioactive Ion Accelerator Complex)
experiments for 25 days. The radioactivities of 8Li and 142Ba were ionized and separated by ISOL andinjected into the TRIAC.

Fig. 2 Distribution of beam species accelerated
for experiments.

Fig. 1 Distribution of terminal voltages.

Table 3. Boosted ion beams for experiments.
Beam species

Boosted energies

Beam times (days)

(MeV)
58

Ni

360

1

68

Zn

374

2

82

Kr

380

2

86

Kr

383-434 (12 energy points)

3

392,429,438

1

339-383 (30 energy points)

4

560

4

76

Ge

124

Xe

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

1.2

KEK-JAEA joint RNB project

S.C. Jeong on behalf of TRIAC Collaboration1

The Tokai Radioactive Ion Accelerator Complex (TRIAC) is operating for nuclear physics and materials
science experiments at JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator facility under collaboration between KEK and
JAEA (TRIAC collaboration). Produced by the proton-induced fission reactions of natUC, the radioactiveions (RIs) were extracted and mass-separated as singly charged ions by the isotope separator on-line(ISOL) of JAEA. They were charge-bred to higher charge states with a charge-to-mass ratios of about 1/7
using charge breeding electron cyclotron resonance ion source (CB-ECRIS) called as KEKCB. And then,the charge-bred RIs were accelerated by using a series of heavy ion linacs, the split-coaxial radiofrequency
quadrupole (SCRFQ) and the inter-digital H (IH) linacs. In FY 2008, radioactive isotope of 142Ba of 1.1
MeV/A has been developed for a future experiment. The intensity at the secondary target was several 103
particles/sec. Duty factors of the linac complex were increased to 75% from 50% by tuning the coolingwater temperature of linacs. The operation with 100% duty factor is under development.
One of the key issues for ISOL-based RI beam facility is development of CB-ECRIS. In particular, we aretrying to reduce the background ions produced by the ECR plasma, and to increase the charge breeding
efficiencies. For the reduction of the background, we changed all materials which faced to the ECR plasma
to a 99% pure aluminum called A1050. However, we could not supply higher voltage than several kV to theplasma chamber as a result of changing the material. It may be attributed to the welding point of thedeceleration electrode. Now, we has made a seamless electrode without the welding. The test of the newelectrode and plasma chamber will be carried out early in FY2009.
As reported in the last year, we obtained the smaller charge breeding efficiencies for the non-gaseous
elements. The charge breeding efficiencies can be regarded as the product of two efficiencies; the capture
efficiency by the ECR plasma and the ionization efficiency for step-by-step charge breeding. In general, for
the ECRIS the latter efficiency is almost independent from the element. And thus, the difference of charge
breeding efficiencies may attribute to the inadequate capture by the ECR plasma. In order to study thecapture process, we injected 111In into the ECR plasma, which has a half-life as long as 2.8 days to breed
the charge of the ions as usual, and measured the residual activities which have not been extracted as
multi-charged ions. We observed three components in azimuthal distribution, 120-degrees periodic
distribution, isotropic one, and the anisotropic one as presented in Fig. 1. The latter anisotropy welldemonstrated the not-straight injection of the beam. We expect to increase the efficiency by further tuning
beam injection. In addition, we observed two peaks along the beam axis for the components withsymmetric distribution in azimuthal angle. They were located around the minimum confinement magnetic
field and around the extraction anode plate. The latter peak may be reduced by changing the position of theextraction anode. The R&D of the electrode will be performed in FY2009
1

Corresponding author, N. Imai : High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
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JAEA-Review 2009-036

Fig.1 (Left) Azimuthal distribution of residual activities of 111In in the plasma chamber around theminimum magnetic field. Three components, 120 degrees periodic, isotropic, and asymmetric
distributions were observed. (Right) Axial distribution of the activities. In the cases of the isotropic andsymmetric components, they were centered at the minimum magnetic field and the extraction anode.
Increasing the acceleration energy is highly desired both for the experiments of nuclear reactions and forthe further acceleration using the JAEA superconducting linac. Theoretical simulations provided parameter
sets to increase the beam energy by changing the amplitude and phases of the respective acceleration tanks
of IH linac from the designed values. We attempted to verify the calculation by accelerating the 16O4+ beamprovided from KEKCB. By analyzing the momentum of the beam, we made sure the acceleration up to
1.37 MeV/A.
The following experiments were carried out in FY2008 using the RI beams of 8Li from TRIAC: (1) Test
experiment searching for the highly excited state in 10Be via 8Li + d reaction (RNB08-J01). (2) Diffusion
study of ionic conductors using the short-lived isotopes (RNB08-J03). (3) Search for the time reversal
symmetry break by using spin-polarized RI beams (RNB08-K10). Some details of the experiments can befound in this report.

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

1.3 Development of target-ion source system for the separation of 9Li
A. Osa1, Y. Otokawa1 and S. C. Jeong2

A short-lived isotope beam, 9Li (T1/2=178 ms), is required with intensity of more than 5 x 103 ions/s on thetarget at the end of TRIAC to the study of highly-excited state of 11Be. In our previous work, we havechosen 13C (7Li, 8Li) neutron transfer reaction by 7Li primary beam and a 99% enriched 13C sintered disktarget for the production of 8Li (T1/2=838 ms). The 99% enriched 13C thick graphite disk was mounted tothe catcher position of the surface ionization type ion source with 3-µm thick tungsten-window. The target
was bombarded with a 67-MeV 7Li3+ beam with intensity of about 100 pnA. In this condition, theseparation yield of 8Li was evaluated to be 1 x 106 ions/s. However, the separation yield of 9Li (T1/2=178ms) was observed as few as 102 ions/s.
A release profile of Li from the target/catcher/ion-source system was measured using the heavy ion
implantation technique [1]. As shown in Figure 1, the fast component of release time of Li ions from the13

C sintered target was 3.2 s. Decay loss of 8Li and 9Li is calculated by exp(-ln(2)/T1/2 x �), where T1/2 isthe half-life of nuclei and � is the release time. The values are 7.1x10-2 for 8Li and 3.9x10-6 for 9Li. So, we
thought that the long release time caused a significant loss of the 9Li beam intensity.
In a search for high-temperature-resistant target material for the production of 9Li, we found out that boron
nitride (BN) has a short release time of Li; as shown in Figure 1, the fast component release time from the
0.25mmt hot pressed BN sheet was 120 ms. The values calculated by above function are improved to9.1x10-1 for 8Li and 6.3x10-1 for 9Li.With a hot pressed BN sheet target, we obtained a 9Li beam with anintensity of 104 ions/s after separation by JAEA-ISOL.
We found a thickness dependence of the release time: the values of �fast are 1.9 s for 0.6 mmt BN and 120
ms for 0.25 mmt BN. If the enhancement of the yield of 9Li depends only on the release time, we shouldfind a thickness dependence in the ratio of 9Li yield to 8Li one . However, the ratio of the yield 9Li/8Li isalmost 1/10 for both thicknesses. In this setup, one neutron transfer from 11B to 7Li is a major reaction to
produce 8Li. On the other hand, there is some possible channels to produce 9Li; two neutron transfer from11

B to 7Li, two neutron transfer from the tungsten-window to 7Li, two proton removal from 11B, etc. We

carry on the development and the search to clarify the mechanism of this target-ion source system.

1
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JAEA-Review 2009-036

130Current/arb. unit

10

10

C sintered pelet� fast =3.2 s

BN Hot pressesd sheet� fast =120 ms

�10Time/s5

Figure 1. Release profile of Li

References[1] R. Kirchner, Nucl. Instrum. Methods. B70 (1992) 186.

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

1.4

Development of radioactive ion beam production systems for TRIAC
Y. Otokawa1, A. Osa1, T. K. Sato1, M. Matsuda1, S. Ichikawa1 and S.C.Jeong2,

For acceleration of medium-heavy neutron-rich radioactive ion beam (RIB) with Tokai Radioactive Ion
Accelerator Complex (TRIAC) [1], two types of ion sources have been installed in an isotope separation
on-line at the JAEA (JAEA-ISOL) [2]; a forced electron beam induced arc discharge version-B2(FEBIAD-B2) type ion source with a target container and a surface ionization type one. With the both ion
sources, about 100 isotopes produced in proton-induced fission of 238U have been ionized andmass-separated with separation efficiencies of 0.1%-30%. In addition, radioactive ion beams of 123In(T1/2=5.9s), 143Ba (T1/2=14.3s) were successfully accelerated to the energy of 0.178MeV/u with TRIAC [2].
For mass separation of short-lived isotopes, it is important that the time interval between production andcollection after mass-separation of radioisotopes is kept as short as possible. Unfortunately, the
FEBIAD-B2 ion source has relatively long release time for Xe, Kr, In, Sn isotopes and so on. So, we havenever mass-separated short-lived Sn isotopes that have half-lives shorter than ~ 1s, due to the nuclear decay
losses in the target-ion source.
The release time of isotopes produced inside the target-ion source is governed by diffusion,
adsorption-desorption (sticking) and effusion processes. The diffusion time in the target as well as the
sticking time on the ion source wall strongly depends on the operation temperature. Thus, to make therelease time much shorter, the operation temperature is needed as high as possible. But, the operation
temperature of the FEBIAD-B2 ion source is 1550�. To lessen the nuclear decay losses for short-lived
isotopes, we have developed a new target-ion source.
The new target-ion source was modeled after the FEBIAD version-E type ion source which was operated at
a temperature between 2000 K and 2300 K [3]. Since in the original design of the ion source it was notcapable of loading a several gram uranium-carbide target, we made a few modifications. Schematic view of
new ion source system is show in Fig. 1. An external target container with a volume of 0.56cm3 (�=6mm,
L=20mm) to hold uranium carbide inside is connected with a plasma chamber. The target container isheated by electron bombardment from a couple of surrounding tungsten filaments. The temperature at thetarget was calibrated against the input power by using an optical pyrometer. It turned out that the target washeated to 2000oC at the total input power of 1200W (the target input power of 900W and the anode input
power of 300W). Under this condition, ionization efficiency of stable Xe fed by the test leak measured 15%.
Also, short-lived isotopes of 129In (T1/2=0.61s) and 133Sn (T1/2=1.20s) were successfully mass-separated
with the strength of 1×103 ion/s.

1
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Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
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JAEA-Review 2009-036

Fig1. Schematic view of new ion source system

References:[1]. H. Miyatake et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth.B 204 (2003) 746.
[2] A.Osa et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 266 (2008) 4394 and B 261 (2007) 1048.
[3] R. Kirchner, K.H. Burkard, W. H�ller, O. Klepper, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 186 (1981) 295.

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

1.5 Beam performance of in-terminal ECR ion source injector
M. Matsuda1, T. Asozu1 and K. Kutsukake1

All permanent magnet type ECR ion source powered with 14.5 GHz RF was installed in the terminal of thetandem accelerator at JAEA-Tokai in order to increase beam intensity, beam energy and beam species. A
layout of in-terminal ECR ion source (TECRIS) injector is illustrated in fig. 1. After exchanging a broken
circulator at the outlet of RF amplifier, the maximum RF power became 200 W. By the increase of RF
power, highly charged intense ion beams could be supplied, which were as intense as the original
performance of the ECRIS. The beam intensities of ions from TECRIS are shown in fig. 2. The terminal
voltage was 15 or 16 MV and the extracted voltage was 20 or 25 kV. Ions of Ne8+, Ar12+, Kr17+ and Xe22+
were obtained with beam intensity of 100 pnA or more, the intensities of highly charged heavy ions wereincreased by a factor of 10 ~ 100 compared with the past. xenon ion energy reached 480MeV which is theworld record as a single-end electrostatic accelerator. The intensities of xenon ion beams accelerated at
16MV for their charge state from 5+ to 30+ are shown in fig. 3. These ion beams were accelerated over awide energy range of 80 ~ 480 MeV. For ions whose charge states were higher than 14+, the extracted
voltage was set to 25 kV. For ions with the charge states lower than 13+, the extracted voltage was set to 5
or 10 kV, because the maximum field strength of the 90�injection magnet was not high enough to bend
these ions.
A turbo molecular pump (TMP)
system has been installed in the highvoltage terminal in order to evacuate

180o bending magnet
Terminal shell

Electrostatic
quadrupole
triplet lensnoble gas when noble gas ions areused.

However,incontinuous

Faraday Cup

operation for several days, the ion
pumps were sometimes instable with
noble gas because the terminal TMP
was

not

enoughtocompletely

evacuate noble gas. So, it was caused

Pre-acceleration tube

80kV shield box

with the remaining noble gas. Two

Foil stripper

additional pumping stations were

Turbo molecular pumpinstalled near the entrance and theexit of the main acceleration tube at

14.5GHz ECRIS

90o injection magnet

LE side acceleration tube

Aperture &Faraday Cup
Ion pump

HE side acceleration tube

Ionbeamsbeam
HCI

outside the SF6 pressure tank in orderFig. 1 14.5 GHz TECRIS injector developed for the tandem

to decrease the concentration ofaccelerator. The ion beam generated by the ECRIS is bent

noble gas in the beam line. To makewith 90�injection magnet and 180�bending magnet, andthe pumping system oil-free, athen accelerated through the main 20 MV acceleration tube
toward the earth potential.

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

diaphragm pump was employed for a fore-line pump, and two TMP of 350 L/s and 250 L/s were connected
in series in order to obtain the ultra high vaccum. After the installation of these pumping systems, the ionpump instability has hardly occured.

Fig. 2 Charge state distributions of noble gases and nitrogen ions from 14.5 GHz TECRIS
injector. Beam intensities were measured at the exit of tandem accelerator.

Fig. 3 The intensities of xenon ion beams of the charge state from 5+ to 30+ after theacceleration at 16 MV. The symbols represent different RF power / extraction voltage,shown in the inset.
References[1] M. Matsuda et al., JAEA-Tokai Tandem Annu. Rep. 2007, JAEA-Review 2008-054 (2008)10-11.
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JAEA-Review 2009-036

1.6

Improvement of acceleration field gradients of superconducting resonators
by high pressure water jet rinsing and anodizing
H. Kabumoto1, N. Ishizaki1, T. Yoshida2, T. Ishiguro2 and K. Yamaguchi2

We have been carrying out a high pressure water jet rinsing (HPWR) to re-condition the superconducting
booster since 2006, and have finished 12 resonators of 3 cryostats by 2007 [1, 2]. The HPWR is atechnology of removing small contaminations on resonator surfaces, and very effective for the
improvement of acceleration field gradients. We applied such a HPWR to two cryostats (No.3 & 5) in 2008.
Figure 1 shows the changes of acceleration field gradients (Eacc) at an RF power input of 4 W and quality
factors (Q0) at low electric fields before and after the HPWR. In the case of four superconducting
resonators (17-20) in cryostat No.5, the acceleration field gradients were improved from 4.6 MV/m to 6.1
MV/m on their average. On the other hand, the acceleration field gradients of the resonators (9-12) incryostat No.3 did not change very much around 3.5 MV/m on their average.
The difference was caused due to ‘hydrogen Q disease’ [3]. The quality factors of the cryostat No.3
resonators were around 2.0×108 which were very low compared with that of 1.0×109 of the cryostat No.5
resonators. Twenty resonators of the first four cryostats of the superconducting booster (cryostat No.1, 2, 3,4) were fabricated at the early days. At that time, the treatment of niobium surfaces had not been
established well, and niobium had absorbed a lot of hydrogen during electro-polishing. Such hydrogen
pollution resulted in heavy degradation in the resonator Q-values. It depends not only on the quantity ofabsorbed hydrogen but also on the time for the resonator temperature to pass through 120 K to 80 K before
going down to 4.2 K. Generally, it is thought that niobium hydrate, which is a poor superconductor, will beformed around that temperature.
We examined anodizing with a spare resonator for the purpose of reducing the effect of hydrogen Q disease.
Figure 2 shows the result of off-line performance tests before and after the anodizing. Before the oxidation
treatment, the resonator Q0 at a low electric field was 4.4×108 at 4.2 K after the fast cooling down processthat it took only 1-2 hours to pass the 120-80 K region. On the other hand, the resonator Q0 was 4.9×107 at
4.2 K after the resonator temperature was held at 100 K for 20 hours (simulated as a slow cooling down).
This result showed that the resonator had been polluted by hydrogen. We carried out a 40V anodizing
treatment using 2 % ammonia solution. The thickness of the oxide surface was estimated about 80 nm.
After the oxidation treatment, the resonator Q0 at a low electric field was improved to 7.7×108 in the fastcooling down case, and 1.6×108 in the slow cooling down case. We think that oxygen on the niobium
surface may bond with hydrogen, and it would be effective against the hydrogen Q disease. We tried mild
baking at 120 � for this resonator after the oxidation treatment. But, it resulted in lower resonator
Q-values at high fields in the fast cooling down case.
1
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Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)ATOX co.,ltd.
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JAEA-Review 2009-036

1.0E+10

10
Eacc (befo re H P W R)
Eacc (after H P W R)
Q � (befo re H P W R)
Q � (after H P W R)

6
1.0E+09
4Q� at low E acc

Eacc at 4W [MV/m]

82cryos tat No.5

cryos tat No.3

0
9

10

11

12

17

18

1.0E+08

19

20

Res onator No.

Fig. 1 Acceleration field gradients (Eacc) and quality factors (Q0) before and after the HPWR.

Quality factor Q0

1.0E+09
after baking (fast cooling down)
after anodizing (fast cooling down)
before anodizing (fast cooling down)
after baking (slow cooling down)
after anodizing (slow cooling down)
before anodizing (slow cooling down)

1.0E+08

1.0E+07
0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
Acceleration field gradiend Eacc [MV/m]

9.0

10.0

Fig. 2 Q0-Eacc curves before and after the anodizing.
References[1] H. Kabumoto et al., JAEA-Tokai TANDEM Ann. Rep. 2007, JAEA-Review 2008-054 (2008) 16.
[2] H. Kabumoto et al., JAEA-Tokai TANDEM Ann. Rep. 2006, JAEA-Review 2007-046 (2008) 15-16.
[3] K. Saito and P. Kneisel, Proc. of the 3rd EPAC, Berlin, Germany, (1992) 1231.

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1.7 Development of the column voltage measurement systemusing load cell sensors
K. Kutsukake1, M. Matsuda1 and S. Hanashima1

The tandem accelerator has the column composed of twenty 1 MV modules. We started to develop a
module voltage measurement system for the tandem accelerator column. A trouble that the voltage of theaccelerator does not rise as expected is a serious matter to the electrostatic accelerator. It is important totrace the module voltages in case of such a trouble. To solve this problem, we considered to build ameasurement system using load cell sensors. The system will make it easy to find the cause of unexpectedcolumn trouble, and it is useful for shortening repair time. We are planning to install load cell sensors inevery column casting as sketched in Fig. 1. Holes of about 10 cm diameter are open in the column casting.
A load cell sensor can be installed in one of the holes of the column casting. A parallel electric field is
excited between the column castings. The electrode on the load cell sensor receives the electrostatic force.
The distortion of the load cell sensor is converted into an electronic signal, so that every column module
voltage can be measured. A calculation model is shown in Fig. 2. The electrostatic force between theelectrodes becomes the following,

F�

�SV 2
� 96.58 � 10 �15 � V 2 [ N ].
22d

When the applied voltage of the electrode is 1MV, we obtainF � 9.85 [ gf ] (� 1 kgf � 9.807 N ).

accelerating tube

hole

hole

electrode1 column

column castingcolumn casting

load cell sensor

Fig. 1 Installation features of load cell sensors inside tandem
accelerator column castings.

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

The result means that the electrostatic force of about 9.85gf pulls each electrode set on the load cell sensor.
We tested the road cell sensor by using dummy electrodes. The gap distance d between the dummyelectrodes was changed to 0.6, 1.1, 1.9 and 2.5 cm to vary the electric field strength. A load cell sensor of
the rated load 300g and a 24kV high-voltage power supply were used in this experiment. The result isshown in Fig. 3. For the actual voltage applied to each column of the tandem accelerator is about 1MV, theelectric field gradient of each column is about 1.64MV/m. From the Fig. 3, the column voltage of thetandem accelerator could be measured by using the load cell sensor. The load cell sensor which used forthis experiment has enough sensitivity to measure the tandem accelerator column voltage. We are going toinstall such sensors on all twenty column modules in the near future.

S [m2]

5 [cm]+Q [C]d [m]� [F/m]-Q [C]
V [V]

d [m]

E [V/m]1.64 MV/m

Fig. 2 Calculation model of the sensor electrodeFig. 3 Output voltage of the road cell sensor as aset on the tandem accelerator column modules.

function of electric field gradient.

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

1.8Influence of the median potential in electrostatic steerers on beam optics
T. Asozu1, M. Matsuda1and K. Kutsukake1

We use high voltage electrostatic steerers (ES), which have been used for high energy ions in the highvoltage terminal, also for low energy ions from the in-terminal injector. Those have been equipped withunipolar DC power supplies to feed high voltages to their electrodes. The voltages of the electrodes, Y1 andY2, are changed keeping the sum of the voltages, Y1 + Y2, constant as shown in Fig.1. The potential Ym on
the median plane between the electrodes is a half of the sum. So that, an ion beam passing on the plane
always feels the potential of Vm. This median potential in the ES affects the beam trajectory as an einzel
lens does. Therefore we simulated the beam trajectory with SIMIONTM.
electrodes

potential

Y1

V

Ym

V/2

beam

Y1 ,Y2 (0�Y1 ,Y2�V)

Y1
Y2: electrodes’ potentials
Ym = (Y1 + Y2)/2= V/2

Y1

Y2: median potential

Fig.1 The mechanism of the ES in the terminal.
Figure 2 shows proton beam trajectories by a pair of electrodes at a voltage of 16kV. The incident beam is a
20mm wide beam which contains parallel rays aligned every 1mm on X and Y axis. The rays are 100keV
protons for the simulation of a proton beam injected from the terminal ion source. The electrodes are
128mm(Z)×108mm(X) rectangular. The distance between the electrodes is 34 mm.
128mm

X-Z plane
X

108mm

Z

focal distance �-260mm 16kV electrodes
focus point
Y-Z planeYZ
100keV proton beam

16kV electrodes

20mm

34mm

focal distance �320mm

Fig.2 Trajectories of 100keV proton beam for 16kV ES.
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JAEA-Review 2009-036

The beam spreads in the X-Z plane and focuses in the Y-Z plane as shown in Fig.2. The electric field in the
ES acts not only as the focusing lens but also as the divergent lens. The X-Z plane shows a diverging effectwith focal distance of -260mm and the Y-Z plane shows a focusing effect with focal distance of 320mm.
These unnecessary lens effects are as strong as those of the electrostatic quadrupole triplet lenses (EQ) in
the terminal. In fact, we have to retune the EQ to keep the most effective transfer for the proton beam.

X-Z planepotential

Y-Z planepotential

X

Y

Z

Z
entrance
exit

entranceexit

Fig.3 Electrical potentials and beam trajectories.
Figure 3 shows the electrical potentials and beam trajectories of the X-Z plane and the Y-Z plane. In the
X-Z plane, the potential shape in X direction is convexly curved at the entrance and exit of the ES. Protons
are subjected to outward forces from such potential surface. On the other hand, in the Y-Z plane, thepotential shape in Y direction is concavely curved. Protons are subjected to inward forces. Thus, the lenseffects of beam trajectories are strong at the entrance and exit of the ES. To reduce the lens effects, weshould lower the median potential. We are introducing a multiplying factor circuit to the unipolar DC
power supply for the variable tuning of the median potential (see another report by K. Kutsukake et al.).
Furthermore, a compact bipolar high voltage DC supply is currently under development to install in theterminal.

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1.9 Remodeling of electronics for electrostatic steerers
K. Kutsukake1, M. Matsuda1, T. Asozu1 and S. Hanashima1

We remodeled the control form of the electrostatic steerer (ES TL-1) power supply. Output characteristics
as a function of voltage control (VC) and control form of the electrostatic steerer before remodeling areshown in Fig. 1. Control signal (ES TL-1 Y) is divided into two signals (ES TL-1 Y+ and ES TL-1 Y-) by
the mixer, and inputted to high voltage power supplies to give the output voltages as shown in the upper
part of Fig. 1. When ion beam pass through the electrostatic steerer without steering, the high voltages
applied to the electrostatic steerer electrodes are equal. So, there exists a lens effect on the ion beam.
Minimizing the lens effect improves ion-beam transmission. A variable voltage control function,
Multiplying Factor (MF), was added after the mixer, and the output became possible to vary as shown in
Fig. 2. MF is changed in the range of 0 V to 10 V, and lens effect can be minimized by lowering the applied
voltages on the steerer electrodes. Signals (Y+ and Y-) are respectively calculated with the MF signals by
multipliers. The control signal voltages of the electrostatic steerer power supply is as follows, (ES TL-1
Y+) = (Y+) (MF) /10, (ES TL-1 Y-) = (Y-) (MF) /10. The multipliers made it possible to vary the highvoltage outputs from 0 to the maximum of the high voltage power supply. As a result, the transmission of
the ion-beam was improved. Similar remodeling of the control form of electrostatic steerer will be done forY+

24

Output Voltage [kV]

Output Voltage [kV]other electrostatic steerers.

12
Y0

ES TL-1 Y

5

10

12
Y0

ES TL-1 Y

Mixer
ES TL-1 Y-

124

VC [V]ES TL-1 Y+

Y+

MF

5
Y+

10

VC [V]ES TL-1 Y+

Multiplier

Mixer
Y-

ES TL-1 YMultiplierFig. 1 Output of the control system of ES

Fig. 2 Output of the control system of ES

TL-1 without MF signal.

TL-1 with MF signal.

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1.10

Replacement of old PCs in the accelerator control system
S. Hanashima1

It is difficult to use the same computer for a long time, because of rapid revolution of the hardware and thesoftware. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the control system used for daily operation of the tandem
accelerator. In our system (named as Accell), we use micro processors called Transputers.

Until thefiscal year 2007, the oldest PCs and last ones of ours had been used since 1995 and 2000, respectively.
Considering about their typical lifetime, it was desired to renew the PCs. In Accell, a core of real time
control is a network of the Transputers and some PCs must take communications to Transputers. Those
Transputers and its development tools were so old that the manufacturers had discontinued their support
long before.

For such tools, there were no new replacements that assured their compatibility to����������������������
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T

SD
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state-of-the-art computers.

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DVC ��������
�������
(T)��������

�

� Fig. 1 Sub system for daily control of the tandem accelerator
T: Transputer, SD: Serial Highway Driver, DVC: Device controller. There are 4 PCs linked toTransputers.
In Accell, PCs which must have linked to Transputers are divided into two categories. The one is for adevelopment system of the Transputers and the other is for PCs working as man-machine-interface (MMI).
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 20 -－ 20 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

In 2007, the former was a Windows 95 machine and the later one’s operating system was a Windows/NT
4.0. ISA bus is required for both PCs to communicate with Transputers: one could say that it is an outdated
PC technology. There is no ISA bus in many commercially available PCs today. Generations of Windows
OS have changed also. We thought that it was too expensive to make a new communication method
compatible to the Transputers and to their tools on a last operating system. So we searched some newer
Windows OS for upward compatibility to the previous tools and/or the previous drivers. And we found that
Windows98/SE is still available for the development transputer system and Windows XP professional for
MMI PC.
There is a specification called as PICMG 1.0 standard in the field of process control. In the standard, a�
computer has both ISA bus and PCI bus. A single board computer (SBC) and a passive back plane are usedinstead of a mother board in the case of usual PC. We selected 2U height passive back plane and single
board computer made by Advantech. Seven PICMG computers with Pentium 4 processor, 1 G Bytememory and 160 G Byte HDD were constructed.
For the MMI PC, installation of the OS and applications had gone straight forward. On the other hand,about the computer for the Transputer development system, we needed special configurations instead ofdefault setting. The settings needed were limit values of virtual memory cache size and disk partitioning
size. The new computers have been engaging well with the old control system of the tandem accelerator
since the end of 2008.

- 21 -－ 21 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

1.11

Improvement of a bending magnet control programin the accelerator control system
S. Hanashima1

In our control system, there are 5 bending magnets with function of field feedback control.

It has been

pointed out here that the feedback action was too slow to efficient use for the beam course switchingmagnet. One reason of the slowness was a filter parameter used for feedback control. From the point of
installation of the power supply of the magnet, it seemed to have an awkward character, by which a fault
trip was caused when changing speed of the current was faster than some level. To avoid this phenomenon,
the feedback filter had been set at a very slow response. The other reason was poor accuracy of theapproximate function of field value vs. current value of the magnet.

Current mode Current setting

Field Target
Value

B to I
approximate
function+-

Feedback
Filter( IIR LPF )

+

dI/Dt
limmit18bit DAC
for current
setting

LPF+

PowerSupply(Current
source? j

Iq

Hall probe
DTM-151

NMR meter
EFS-800-K/S

Fig. 1 Diagram of the feedback control for a bending magnet.
The large box shows boundaries of a device controller.
For the problem caused by a fast current change, we found out that a trip signal was generated at a flow
sensor of cooling water of the magnet, and the fringing field of the magnet induced the false signal. We put
a plate of soft steel at the side of the flow sensor to bypass the fringing field. Since then, we have beenable to change the current with varying speed of full scale per 10 seconds without such a trip.
In our method of the feedback control, major part of current setting is calculated by an approximate
function from the field target value. Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the magnet control. The feedback is
1Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 22 -－ 22 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

made on the residual error using measured field value. If the approximation is good, the amount of the
feedback is small and fast response of the control is expected. For the approximate function, we had useda function in the form of I = C1*(1 + C2*B2)*B, where I, B, C1 and C2 were the magnet current, the fieldvalue and two parameters, respectively. We searched for better formula, where formula is simple and loadof calculation is small. After some trials, a function in the form of I = C1*(1 + (C2*B) 8)*B was found to begood for our magnets. In the new form, we can set the parameters that the error is less than about �0.5%
of full scale.
The control program for the magnets was modified to accept the above research results. The filter
parameter was also changed to allow faster response. A limiter of current changing rate was set in addition.
This combination has enabled both of fast response for a small change of the target value and safety for alarge change of the target value.

- 23 -－ 23 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

1.12

Activity of reducing SF6 gas leakage at the tandem accelerator
T.Nakanoya1, H.Tayama1, H.Kabumoto1, M.Matsuda1 and Y.Tsukihashi1

Tandem accelerator facility uses a large amount of SF6 gas for electrical insulation. Since SF6 is regarded asa kind of green house gases that causes global worming, it is strongly required to reduce such gas emission
into the atmosphere in recent years. But every year we had to add about 1 to 2 ton of new SF6 gas. From
this fact, a lot of SF6 gas in the accelerator tank clearly seems to have been leaking into the atmospherethrough the gas handling system shown in Fig.1 Reducing such gas leakage is also very important forsaving the running cost as well as for environmental consideration. Therefore we estimated the amount ofleakage and investigated the sources.

Fig. 1. SF6 gas handling cycle at the tandem accelerator
The broken line � shows SF6 gas circulation during operation periods. Before maintenance periods ofaccelerator, SF6 gas is transferred from the accelerator tank to the storage tank by a compressor as shownin �. After a maintenance period, the accelerator tank is refilled with SF6 gas through a vaporizer in theline of �.

We calculated the amount of SF6 gas lost in FY2008 using the ideal gas equation and day to day
maintenance log, and found that about 1700 kg of SF6 gas had been lost. Figure 2 shows the amounts of
estimated lost gas as a function of operation periods in the recent 5 years. About 300 kg of SF6 gas waswasted regardless of operation periods. It is considered as a loss of residual gas in the collecting process tothe storage tank. And, the amounts of lost SF6 gas mostly increased with increasing accelerator operation
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 24 -－ 24 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

period. During the operation periods, SF6 gas was circulated between accelerator tank and circulation
system that consisted of a gas dryer and cooler. There must be leaks from somewhere in the accelerator
tank or circulation system. Therefore, we carried out a leak search using a mobile SF6 gas detector. For
improving the leak detection sensitivity, we completely covered flanges with plastic bag and waited several
hours to measure as shown in Figure 3. Using this method, we could detect small leaks which had not beenfound by in situ measurement. As a result, we detected some leak spots at two view port flanges, two ofgondola wire flanges, center rod of corona probe components and Capacitor Pick Off (CPO) flange. We did
not find any other leak part in the circulation system.

������������������������

����
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�

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Fig. 3. Collecting leaking SF6 gas in a

Fig. 2. The amount of lost SF6 gas as aplastic bag for searching leak spots.

function of operation periods
The line is an eye-guide.

In a maintenance period, these leaking parts were taken apart and checked up. Flat plastic gaskets had beenused for view port flanges. Loss of their elasticity and shortage of sealing pressure were considered as thecauses of the leak. We replaced them with new O-ring gasket to improve air-tightness. The gondola wire
flanges were sealed by O-ring gaskets, but flange surfaces had rusted and been stained by wire grease. We
cleaned up the surface and scraped the rust off. With the corona probe, an O-ring pressing screw used forsealing the movable center rod was loose. We re-tightened the screw and cleaned up the sealing surface ofmovable rod. With the CPO electrode, a current read out feed-though had a screw part which was woundwith seal tape and screwed into a flange. The tape had been thinned by repetition of loosening andtightening the screw. We re-bandaged the screw thick enough with seal tape. We examined those repairedparts by pressurizing them with SF6. Any leak of SF6 was not detected. We will continue the leak searchand reduce the SF6 gas leakage.

- 25 -－ 25 －

This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2009-036

CHAPTER 2
Nuclear Structure

2.1� Spectroscopy of 108Ag via neutron transfer reactions
2.2 � Shape coexistence in 189Pt
2.3� Decay study on fission products with on-line isotope separator
2.4���Coulomb excitation experiments of 124Xe
2.5

Alpha-gamma spectroscopy of 259Rf produced by using a mixed Cf target

2.6

Superdeformed band in 40Ar

2.7

Coulomb excitation measurement of 84Sr

2.8

Charge radii in macroscopic-microscopic mass models

2.9

In-beam �-ray spectroscopy of 248,250,252Cf using neutron-transfer reactions

2.10 Development of RI ion trap system�
2.11 Lifetime measurement for the first 2+ state in 162Gd
2.12 A new technique to measure half-lives of long-lived isomers using a total absorption
detector
2.13 Search for highly excited states in 10Be using deuteron elastic reaction to 8Li- 27 － 27 －This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2009-036

2.1

Spectroscopy of 108Ag via neutron transfer reactions

J. J. Carroll1, T. Shizuma2, T. Ishii2, G. P. Trees1, N. Caldwell1, I. Mills1, T. Harle1,
H. Makii2, R. Takahashi2, D. Nagae2, T. Hayakawa2, E. Ideguchi3,
P. M. Walker4, S. A. Karamian5 and R. S. Chakrawarthy1

The odd-odd nucleus 108Ag has been suggested to provide tests of different physical processes. Doublet
bands have been recently identified in 105Ag [1] whose properties suggest a chiral origin. It was proposed inthat work that 108,109Ag nuclei might evidence similar chiral doublets or, by their absence, indicate thatsilver lies on the border for this behavior. In contrast, a different mechanism has been proposed to explain
the appearance of �I = 1 doublet bands in odd-odd nuclei with A ~ 130 due to coupling of �h11/2 × �h11/2
orbitals. This mechanism has been referred to as the “chopsticks” mode based on a pictorial description of
the coupling of angular momenta that may provide doublet bands [2]. The prediction is that theB(M1;I�I-1)/B(E2;I�I-2) ratio for interband transitions between doublet bands will allow a resolution ofwhich model (chiral or “chopsticks” mode) is responsible for those bands. A doublet band structure has
already been identified for 108Ag [3] based on coupling between �h11/2 × �g9/2 orbitals, but those data did
not support evaluation of this question.
A long-lived isomeric state exists in 108Ag, having an excitation energy of 110 keV and a half-life of 418
years. It has been suggested [4] that such isomers might find practical applications in high-energy-density
batteries if a means could be found by which to artificially induce their depletion. For 108Ag, the available
nuclear data [3] suggest that a level at 366 keV provides decay branches to the isomer and toward theground state, as shown in Fig. 1. Thus, this higher-lying state may serve as a “depletion level” and its
excitation from the isomer could initiate an energy-releasing process. The branching ratios from the 364
keV state are unknown from previous work.
An experiment was performed at the tandem accelerator
18

facility, JAEA, Tokai during August 2008. A beam of O

148.2

of reactions were induced. Among those were one neutrontransfer reactions that produced 108Ag in an excited stateand corresponding to scattered projectiles of 17O. The
identification of scattered projectiles was accomplished byfour surface-barrier Si �E-E detectors. Seven HPGe

1

Youngstown State University, USA
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
3
University of Tokyo
4
University of Surry, UK
5
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia
2- 29 -－ 29 －

103.1
3
54.8
4

376.2, I� = (7+ )
75
5 .5

412.9
265.3

ions with an energy of 135 MeV was incident on aself-supporting target of enriched 107Ag in which a variety

157.
79

110.9, I = 6
T1 /2 = 418 yr
�+

25 5.45 .5
75523.8, I� = (6+ )
420.7
366.3
290.8
+

215.0, I = 3
�

5
215.0

0.0, I� = 1+
T1 /2 = 2.37 min

Fig. 1 Partial level scheme adapted from[3],
showing
potential
depletion
108m
Ag.
transitions forJAEA-Review 2009-036

detectors were arranged to detect gamma rays emitted in coincidence with particles registering in the Si
detectors. Thus, selection of the events within to the “banana” gate filtered the entire body of data obtained
during ~ 70 hours of irradiation to focus on the 107Ag(18O, 17O)108Ag reaction.
Detailed data analysis is underway, but already some new information appears in preliminary analysis of
the gamma rays emitted during decay of excited states of 108Ag. The incident beam axis and the direction of
the scattered projectile define the reaction plane, and a comparison of the numbers of gamma rays emitted
to HPGe detectors within (I�in) and perpendicular (I�out) to the reaction plane provide useful information.
Specifically, a value of the ratio I�in/I�out < 1 identifies that gamma ray with a dipole transition, while a value�I�in/I�out > 1 corresponds to a quadrupole transition. Evaluation of these ratios indicates that the 215 keVtransition in Fig. 1 is of quadrupole character, confirming that the 215 keV state has an angular momentumof 3. Likewise, the two transitions with energies near 75 keV in Fig. 1 are identified as being of dipole
character, leading to a first identification of their angular momenta. These results already provide new
insight into the question of induced depletion of the 108Ag isomer, while detailed analysis of the entire data
continues. Of course, other reactions, including Coulomb excitation of 107Ag, are contained within the total
data set.
References[1] J. Timár, N. Pietralla, G. Rainovski, et al., Phys Rev. C 76, 024307 (2007).
[2] K. Higashiyama, N. Yoshinaga, and K. Tanabe, Phys. Rev. C 72, 024315 (2005).
[3] F. R. Espinoza-Quiñones, E. W. Cybulska, G. R. Emediato, et al., Phys Rev. C 52, 104 (1995).
[4] J. J. Carroll, S. A. Karamian, L. A. Rivlin, et al., Hyperfine Int. 135, 3 (2001).

- 30 － 30 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

2.2

Shape coexistence in 189Pt

X.H. Zhou1, W. Hua1, Y.H. Zhang1, M. Oshima2, Y. Toh2, M. Koizumi2, H. Harada2, K. Furutaka2,
F. Kitatani2, S. Nakamura2, Y. Hatsukawa2, M. Ohta2, K. Hara2, T. Kin2�and M. Sugawara3

The neutron-deficient Pt-Hg nuclei are well known to exhibit shape coexistence phenomenon, and this has
provided the motivation for extensive studies both experimentally and theoretically [1]. Different structuresassociated with prolate, oblate, and tri�axial shapes within the same nucleus have been identified
experimentally [1]. Due to the pronounced transitional character, the nucleus 189Pt would be rather soft withrespect to � and � deformations, and the shape-polarizing effects arising from valence nucleons might besignificant. It is our primary aim to extend the level scheme of 189Pt to high-spin states, and to study theshape coexistence phenomenon.
High-spin states in 189Pt have been investigated using the 176Yb(18O, 5n) reaction at beam energies of 88
MeV and 95 MeV. The 18O beam was provided by the tandem accelerator at JAEA. The target was an
isotopically enriched 176Yb metallic foil of 2.1 mg/cm2 thickness with a 7.6 mg/cm2 Pb backing. The
GEMINI-II [2] �-ray detector array was employed to detect the in-beam � rays. A total of 220�106
�-��coincidence events were recorded. A complicated level scheme was established for 189Pt and presented
in Fig. 1. The level scheme of 189Pt known in the previous work [3,4] was extended greatly to high spinstates. Positions of the observed transitions in the level scheme were determined by the �-��coincidence
relationships, ��ray relative intensities, and ��ray energy sums.
A revised particle-rotor model (PRM), which can treat rotational band based on multi-quasiparticle
configuration, was developed recently [5]. This model was used to interpret the band structure in 189Pt.
Rotational band built on the �i13/2-1 configuration has been observed systematically in the neighboring
odd-A Pt-Hg nuclei, and we propose band 1 is associated with the �i13/2-1 configuration. Supposing a������rotational core, the level energy and signature splitting of band 1 can be well reproduced by PRM
calculations. By analyzing the main components of wave�function, it is suggested that band 1 is mainly
associated with the 11/2[615] configuration. Considering the possible Nilsson orbits near the Fermi surface,the �f5/2(p3/2) and �i13/2-2�f5/2(p3/2) configurations may be assigned to band 2 and structure 1, respectively.
The configuration assignments are supported by PRM calculations when they are prolate and oblate
deformed, respectively. The two cascades in structure 1 have similar level spacing and they might beassociated with the �i13/2-2�f5/2(p3/2) configurations. The calculations indicate that the low-j components inthe configurations are either 5/2[503] or 3/2[501], whose quantum numbers satisfy the characteristic ofpseudo-Nilsson orbits [6]. Therefore, we suggest the two rotational bands in structure 1 to be a pair ofpseudo-spin partner.

1

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
3
Chiba Institute of Technology
2- 31 -－ 31 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

7272.1(59/2+)
740.9
430.7
6841.4(57/2+)

365.1(55/2+)

6476.31122.8189(53/2+)(45/2+)

700.4
3973.758.9(41/2+)

Str
715.9(37/2 )

0570.6
(37/2+) 3419.9
3376.24168.4 (41/2 )

188.

717.

393
(37/2+)
3581.6381.3(33/2+)

3946.8837.6
859.8
4367.6519.2(43/2+)
3848.4(39/2+) 207.9 3640.5
220.6(35/2+) 185.3 3455.2

P

9

474.4
(49/2+)
4879.1
170.9 (47/2+)
4686.0193.1
511.5
4708.2(45/2+)
318.4 340.6

817.1

4647.25353.53.

(49/2+)

33

5464.33452.50.4

101

2 1054.

120

.4

.9

548

759

.
11 0 6876
539 .7
.9
0.1

3

163

1

580.

(37/2 )
255.1
219.1
6
353.9
440.8
134.1 3066.0
476.1 523.8
511.7
612.9
+
+
(33/2 )
(31/2 )
33/2+
(33/2
)
2979.1(33/2 )
249.9
2931.42864.52729.22839.6
440.0
190.1
536.1
58
712.2
2635.3675.22537.1(29/2 )
626.0
+
29/2
2303.5(29/2 )
(27/2 +)
2219.22189.3(25/2+)
589.4
572009.3
663.7
660.2
565.5
1695.5
23/2+
25/2+(21/2+)
1511.9 183.6
1555.51529.1
1443.8326.8 15572.2
19/2+ 1185.1
574.3
500.0
983.3
21/2+
19/2+
(17/2+)
531.5
954.8
943.8
455.8
452.2
15/2+
Band3
17/2+
531.1 15/2+
653.6
499.0
307.8
13/2+
143µs
191.2

3200.8565.5(29/2+)

.1

686

339

.9

462

.8

707

.7

600

.3

4 4 4 .8484

8

4 6 0 .2 4 1 2 . 774557 0.7
.1

5

944.

Band 1

189
Pt established in the present work.
Fig. 1 Level scheme of ��������������������������
������������������������������������

�Acknowledgement: This work was performed under the Common-Use Facility Program of JAEA. �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
References�����������
[1] � �������������������������������������������������
X. H. Zhou et al., Phys. Rev. C75 (2007) 034314. �����[2] � �����������������������������������������������������������������
M. Oshima et al., J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 278 (2008) 257-262.
����
[3] � �������������������������������������������������������
S. C. Wu et al., Nuclear Data Sheets 100 (2003) 1-140.
����
[4] � ������������������������������������������������������������
M. Piiparinen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 34 (1975) 1110-1113.
����[5] � ��������������������������������������������������
S. Q. Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. C75 (2007) 044307.
����[6] � �������������������������������������������������������������������������
A. E. Stuchbery et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 25 (1999) 611-616.
�����- 32 �������
－ 32 －

�

JAEA-Review 2009-036

2.3

Decay study on fission products with on-line isotope separator

M. Shibata1, M. Asai2, A. Osa2, M. Oshima2, A. Kimura2, M. Koizumi2 and T. K. Sato2

Beta-decay energy (Q�) measurement is one of the precise methods to determine atomic masses and it isalso important for evaluation of the decay heat of the nuclear power plants in nuclear engineering. Based on
the previous studies with the total absorption detectors [1-3], another total absorption detector which iscomposed of a clover detector and BGO Compton suppressors have been developed [4]. In this year, inorder to determine the energy loss of the detector to higher energy region, the Q� to 10 MeV were measured,and successively, those of neutron-rich Eu isotopes, which were recently identified, were measured.
Uranium carbide (UC2) target containing 670 mg/cm2 of 238U was bombarded with 32 MeV proton beams
generated by the TANDEM accelerator at JAEA with the intensity of about 100-600 nA. The radioactive
ion beams were implanted into thin Mylar tape controlled by a computer. With the clover detector, singles
spectrum and coincidence spectrum with the BGO detectors were measured simultaneously for eachnucleus [4]. At the beginning, the 91-94Rb and 140-142Cs isotopes were measured after separating from otherfission products by using an on-line isotope separator (Tokai-ISOL). The Q�s and half-lives for the nuclei
are between 5.2 and 10.2 MeV, and between 2 and 60 s, respectively. Next, the Q�s of two Europium
isotopes: 162,164Eu were measured. The measurements were continued to obtain sufficient statistics for every
nucleus, over 15 hours for each Eu isotope. The counting rate was always kept lower than 2 kcps to reduce
pulse pile-up. The total absorption event were extracted by subtracting the coincidence spectra bymultiplied a factor of 1.25 from the singles one. The analytical procedure was described in the last report[4].
As shown in Fig.1, the effective energy loss of the detector was determined to 200(20) keV to 8.2 MeV.
The energy loss value slightly depends on the analysis using the response function, nevertheless, theuncertainty of the energy loss was almost 20 keV. However, it was found the energy loss for 94Rb
(Q�=10.3MeV) was larger than the others, and much precise analysis including the response function isneeded. Next, Figure 2 shows the measured spectra of 162, 164Eu, and the preliminary result of folding
analysis. The adopted regions for the analysis were shown as the regions of interest (ROI). The folded
spectra fit well to the experimental spectra in the ROIs, those are 4200-5200 keV and 5000-6000 keV for162

Eu and 164Eu, respectively. To check the analysis, deduced Q��with folding analysis were changed±50keV that are shown in dotted and broken curves in downside of Fig.2. These differences do not haveinfluence on the final results. Preliminary results of 5571(20) for 162Eu and 6382(75) keV for 164Eu, 164Eu isrecently identified as a new isotope [2], are in agreement with the previously measured values with anotherdetector within the uncertainties (5575(60) and 6430(70) keV, respectively)[2]. The result in 164Eu still haslarger uncertainty owing to less statistics, nevertheless, it is probably expected to have much statistics withmuch intense proton beam. In conclusion, the newly developed total absorption detector can measure
1
2

Nagoya University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency(JAEA)- 33 -－ 33 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

Q���up to 8 MeV with systematic uncertainty of 20 keV. For much higher Q�, additional considerations areneeded. In addition, as shown the spectrum for 162Eu in Fig.2, �-rays are observed in higher energy than 3
MeV. It means the detector is also expected to identify the level structure up to high energy region. The
level schemes of the Eu isotopes are also under construction.
Present study is the result of "Study on nuclear data by using a high intensity pulsed neutron source foradvanced nuclear system" entrusted to Hokkaido University by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT).

Fig.1 Effective energy loss of the total absorption detector. The results of 91-93Rb and 140-142Cs� werededuced in this experiments. The 94Rb are excluded.(see the text) The others were previously
reported in ref .4.

Fig.2 Measured spectra of neutron-rich 162,164Eu isotopes (upside) and the results offolding analysis (downside).
References[1] M. Shibata et al., J. Phys. Soc. Japan. 71 (2002) 1401-1402.
[2] H. Hayashi et al., Euro. Phys. J. A 34 (2007) 363-370.
[3] H. Hayashi et al., Nucl. Inst. and Methods in Phys. Res. A 606(2009) 484-489.
[4] M. Shibata, et al., JAEA-Tokai Tandem Ann. Rep. 2007, JAEA-Review 2008-054(2008)42-43.
[5] G. Audi et al., Nucl. Phys. A 729 (2003) 337-676.
- 34 -－ 34 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

2.4� Coulomb excitation experiments of 124Xe
M. Koizumi1, Y. Toh1, M. Oshima1, A. Kimura1, Y. Hatsukawa1, K. Furutaka1,
H. Harada1, F. Kitatani1, S. Nakamura1 and M. Sugawara2

Being located in a transitional region, Xe isotopes gradually change their properties from a �-unstablerotational character (A ~ 124) to a vibrational (A = 134). In terms of dynamic symmetry of IBM, the change
is considered as a shape phase transition from O(6) to U(5) symmetry. Theoretical calculations suggested
that the E(5) critical point of the shape phase transition would appear at around A = 130 in Xe isotopes[1,2]. To understand the characters of those nuclei, information on electromagnetic properties such as
B(E2)s and quadrupole moments is required.
Coulomb excitation is a useful method for measurements of electromagnetic properties near ground statesof nuclei [3,4]. Our systematic study revealed nuclear properties and evolutions of structures of stable
nuclei with A ~ 70 [5-12]. To obtain electromagnetic properties of Xe isotopes, we have started systematic
study with a Coulomb excitation technique.
Coulomb excitation experiments with 124Xe beams were carried out. The energies of 124Xe beams were 385
MeV and 560 MeV; the beam currents were about 0.5 pnA in both experiments. Coulomb excitation of
12

C(124Xe, �) was investigated with the 385-MeV beam, and that of 208Pb(124Xe, �) was investigated withthe 560-MeV beam; the both beam energies do not exceed the Coulomb barrier. The target thicknesses of

�

��
�
���

���

�

�

� �
� �

�

���

������

� �

�

����

� �
� �
� � �� �� �� �������

������������������������ �� �� � �� �� � � �� �� �� � � � �
� � �
� �
� � �
� � � �
� �
� �
� � �
� ��
� �
�
� � � �� � � ���� ��� � � �
� � �
� �

� �

�����������������

�

�����

� �
� �

� �
� �
� �

carbon and 208Pb were 500 �m and 0.9 �m (1 mg/cm2), respectively. The �-ray detector array, GEMINI-II

��

���

���

����

������������

�
���

���

���

���

������������

Fig. 1. Doppler-corrected particle-� coincidence spectra measured with a Ge detector placed at 105o tothe beam direction. (a) A spectrum obtained in a 12C(124Xe, �) reaction. (b) A spectrum obtained in a
208

Pb(124Xe, �) reaction; the peak at the left shoulder of the 21�� 01� transition is a background peak,which will be suppressed in further analysis.

1
2Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Chiba Institute of Technology- 35 -－ 35 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036[13], was used to detect de-excitation �-rays, and the particle detector array, LUNA [14], was used to detect
recoiled or scattered particles. Particle-��coincidence events were recorded event by event. Totally, about 2
�107 events and about 9�107 events were obtained in the 12C(124Xe, �) experiment and in the 208Pb(124Xe,�) experiment, respectively.
Figure 1 shows Doppler-corrected ��spectra. Since in the 12C(124Xe, �) reaction the scattering angles of124

Xe are limited to less than 10 degrees, positions of recoiled carbon particles were used for Doppler

correction. In the 208Pb(124Xe, �) experiment, positions of scattered 124Xe particles were used for Doppler
correction. Four and eleven de-excitation �-rays were observed in the 12C(124Xe, �) experiment and in the208

Pb(124Xe, �) experiment, respectively. Identifications of the observed peaks are shown in Fig. 1. In theC(124Xe, �) Coulomb excitation experiment, 124Xe was excited up to the 41+ and 22+ states. In the12

Pb(124Xe, �) experiment, 124Xe was excited up to the 101+ and 62+ states; the excitation energy of the 101+208

and 62+ states are 2331 keV and 2143 keV, respectively. In addition, 31+ � 21+ and 02+ � 21+��-rays werealso observed in the 208Pb(124Xe, �) spectra. Analysis of the experimental data is in progress. B(E2) values
and quadrupole moments will be deduced with the �2 minimum search code GOSIA.

References[1] D.L. Zhang and Y.X. Liu, Chin. Phys. Lett. 20 (2003) 1028-1030.
[2] R. Fossin, Dennis Bonatsos, and G.A. Lalazissis, Phys. Rev. C73 (2006) 044310.
[3] K. Alder and A. Winther, Coulomb Excitation (Academic, New York, 1966).
[4] K. Alder and A. Winther, Electromagnetic Excitation (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1975).
[5] Y. Toh et al., J. Phys. G 27 (2001) 1475-1480.
[6] Y. Toh et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 9 (2000) 353-356.
[7] A. Osa et al., Phys. Lett. B 546 (2002) 48-54.
[8] M. Zielinska et al., Nucl. Phys. A 712 (2002) 3-13.
[9] M. Koizumi et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 18 (2003) 87-92.
[10] M. Sugawara et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 16 (2003) 409-414.
[11] M. Koizumi et al., Nucl. Phys. A 736 (2003) 46-58.
[12] T. Hayakawa et al., Phys. Rev. C 67 (2003) 064310.
[13] K. Furuno et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 421 (1999) 211; M. Oshima et al., J. Radioanal.
Nucl. Chem. 278 (2008) 257-262.
[14] Y. Toh et al., Rev. Sci. Inst. 73 (2002) 47-50.

- 36 － 36 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

2.5

Alpha-gamma spectroscopy of 259Rf produced by using a mixed Cf target

M. Asai1, K. Tsukada1, Y. Kasamatsu1, , T. K. Sato1, A. Toyoshima1, Y. Ishii1, R. Takahashi1,3,
Y. Nagame1, T. Ishii1, I. Nishinaka1, D. Kaji2, K. Morimoto2 and Y. Kojima4

Gamma rays following the � decay of 259Rf have been observed for the first time by means of �-�coincidence spectroscopy. Excited states in the daughter nucleus 255No have been established, and theirspin-parities, configurations, and the ground-state configuration of 259Rf have been evaluated. Theseexperimental data allow us to extract energy spacing and order of single-particle orbits, which give us
valuable information on the shell structure and the evolution of nuclear deformation in superheavy nuclei.
The nucleus 259Rf was produced with the 251Cf(12C,4n)259Rf reaction using a mixed Cf target. The target
consisting of 63% 249Cf, 12% 250Cf, and 25% 251Cf with a 1.4-mm diameter and 420-�g/cm2 thickness was
prepared by electrodeposition onto 2.16-mg/cm2 thick Be backing foil. The 12C beam with an averageintensity of 540 pnA was focused on the target so as not to hit the aperture with a 3.0-mm inner diameter
placed just in front of the target. The total beam dose was 3.6 × 1018 particles accumulated for a total of
14-day beam time. The beam energy was 71.4 MeV on target, at which the cross section of the251

Cf(12C,4n)259Rf reaction was estimated to be 100 nb by the HIVAP-code calculation. Reaction products

recoiling out of the target were continuously transported through a 25-m long capillary with a He/KCl
aerosol jet into a rotating wheel �-� detection system [1], and were deposited on thin foil forty of whichwere set on the wheel. The wheel periodically rotated at 6.0-s intervals to move the deposited sources totwo consecutive detector stations each of which was equipped with two Si detectors and two Ge detectors.
Alpha-singles and �-� coincidence events were recorded event by event together with time information.
Figure 1(a) shows a �-ray spectrum in coincidence with 8510�8810 keV � particles. Two prominent � lines
are observed at 97.3 and 146.7 keV in addition to intense No L X rays. Alpha events in coincidence withthese � rays are mostly concentrated on around 8770 keV which is in good accordance with the � energy of259

Rf; the literature values of � energies and intensities of 259Rf are 8770keV (60%) and 8870 keV (40%)[2]. Alpha particles with energies of >8800 keV are not coincident with any � rays except for weak No L X
rays. In the �-singles spectrum, 8620, 8770, 8880, and 9010 keV � groups are observed in this energy
region. The most intense � group of 8880 keV is attributed to the � decay of 211mPo (8883 keV) producedin the reaction with 208Pb, an impurity the target includes. The weak � groups of 8620 and 9010 keV are
attributable to the � decay of 257Rf [3,4] produced via the 249Cf(12C,4n)257Rf reaction. The � decay of 257Rf
also emits the intense 8770 keV ��group whose energy is the same as that of the � transition of 259Rf.
However, this ��group is known to populate the isomeric state in 253No with a half-life of 24.6 �s [5], andthus, to emit no prompt � ray. On the other hand, the 8620 keV � group is expected to be followed byemissions of high-energy � rays or K X rays. The weakly observed No K�1 and K�2 X rays in Fig. 1(a)1Japan Atomic Energy Agency
RIKEN
3
Tokyo University of Science
4
Hiroshima University
2- 37 -－ 37 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

probably originate from the � decay of 257Rf. The No L X rays observed in the spectrum should also
originate in part from 257Rf. In addition, there should be weak 8800 keV (19%) and 8860 keV (81%) � lines
associated with the � decay of 257Lr produced via the EC decay of 257Rf [4], although no � ray is observedin coincidence with these high-energy � particles. On the basis of the above considerations, it is concluded
that the observed 97.3 and 146.7 keV � rays should originate from the � decay of 259Rf.
Figure 1(b) shows a proposed decay scheme of 259Rf, established in analogy with that of 257No [1], thelighter N = 155 isotone. A partial decay scheme of 257No is shown in Fig. 1(c). The ground-state
configurations of the daughter nuclei 255No and 253Fm are both 1/2+[620]. Energy difference and intensity
ratio of the 97.3 and 146.7 keV � transitions are very similar to those of the 77.0 and 124.1 keV ones in the� decay of 257No, which are the transitions from the 3/2+[622] state to the 5/2+ and 1/2+ states in the
1/2+[620] rotational band. The transition to the 3/2+ state in the 1/2+[620] band should also be observed inthe � decay of 259Rf, which corresponds to the 101.8 keV transition in the � decay of 257No. A few �-ray
events around 125 keV are a candidate for this transition. These results strongly suggest that the
ground-state configuration of 259Rf should be 3/2+[622], which is the same as that of 257No but is different
from those of the lighter isotones 255Fm and 253Cf. This indicates that the order of the Nilsson orbits isinverted between 255Fm and 257No.

10
0
0

(b)

(c)
+

+

3/2 [622]

3/2 [622]
259

3/2 +[622]
5/2 ++
3/2
1/2 +[620]

50
100
150
Gamma-ray Energy (keV)

200

146.7
125
97.3

�

255

146.7
49.4
22
0

No 153257

Rf 155
3/2 +[622]
5/2 ++
3/2
1/2 +[620]

�
124.1
101.8
77.0

Rf �-� coin.

125 & No K �1,2 X

46.6 (sum?)

20

97.3

30

259

146.7

40
No L XCounts / 0.8 keV

(a)

253

No 155

124.1
47.1
22.3
0

Fm 153Fig. 1 (a) Gamma-ray spectrum observed in coincidence with 8510�8810 keV � particles. (b) Proposed
decay scheme of 259Rf. (c) Partial decay scheme of 257No [1].
References[1] M. Asai et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 95 (2005) 102502-1-4.
[2] C. E. Bemis, Jr. et al., Phys. Rev. C, 23 (1981) 555-558.
[3] C. E. Bemis, Jr. et al., ORNL-4976 (1074) 37-39.
[4] F. P. Heßberger et al., Z. Phys. A, 359 (1997) 415-425.
[5] B. Štreicher et al., Acta Phys. Pol. B, 38 (2007) 1561-1564.

- 38 -－ 38 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

2.6

Superdeformed band in 40Ar

E. Ideguchi1, S. Ota1, T. Morikawa2, M. Oshima3, M. Koizumi3, Y. Toh3, A. Kimura3, H. Harada3,
K. Furutaka3, S. Nakamura3, F. Kitatani3, Y. Hatsukawa3, T. Shizuma3, M. Sugawara4, H. Miyatake5,
Y. Watanabe5, Y. Hirayama5 and M. Oi6

After systematic investigations of the super deformation (SD) in various mass regions [1], a new ‘island’ ofSD nuclei was found in the nuclear chart around A�40 (i.e., 36Ar [2], 40Ca [3,4], and 44Ti [5]). These N=Z
nuclei are magic and near magic systems whose ground states have a spherical shape. In order to produce
the collective degrees of freedom necessary for the formation of SD states, cross-shell excitations involving
both the sd and pf shells are necessary. SD shell structure in this mass region plays an important role informing such large deformed structures. The gap at �2�0.6 at N=Z=20 is associated with the SD band of40

Ca with 8 particle 8 hole (8p-8h) configuration built on the third 0+ state. Another gap at �2�0.5 at

N=Z=18 is associated with the observed SD band in 36Ar [2] which is built on the second 0+ state with
4p-4h configuration. The presence of many deformed gaps in this region may imply large deformed
structures at high-spin states in A�40 nuclei. Woods-Saxon single-particle diagram [3] shows the large
deformation gaps at �2�0.5 for Z=18 and N=22. As a consequence, a SD band structure is expected in 40Ar
to be built on the second 0+ state with 6p-4h configuration, which is similar to those observed in 38Ar [6]and 42Ca [7]. In order to investigate the SD band in 40Ar, we have performed in-beam �-ray spectroscopyusing a 18O+26Mg reaction.
The experiment was performed at the tandem accelerator facility of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The
18

O beam of 70 MeV was used to irradiate the two stacked 26Mg target foils of 0.47 and 0.43 mg/cm2

thickness. High-spin states in 40Ar were populated via the 26Mg(18O,2p2n)40Ar reaction. Gamma rays weredetected by the GEMINI-II array [8] comprising 16 HPGe detectors with BGO anti-Compton suppressor
shields, in coincidence with charged particles detected by the Si-Ball [9], a 4� array consisting of 11 �E Si
detectors of 170 µm thickness. The HPGe detectors were placed at 6 different angles, namely 47º (4 Ge's),72º (2 Ge's), 90º (2 Ge's), 105º (4 Ge's), 144º (1 Ge) and 147º (1 Ge) with respect to the beam direction,
which enables us to perform angular distribution and DCO analyses. The most forward Si detector wassegmented to 5 and other detectors were segmented to 2 each, and in total 25 channels were used, which
enhances the selectivity of multi-charged-particle events. With a trigger condition of more than 2 Compton
suppressed Ge detectors firing in coincidence with charged particles, a total of 6.6×108 events werecollected.
The �-� coincidence relations were examined by gating on the low-lying known �-ray transitions, and thepreviously reported level scheme of 40Ar [10] was confirmed up to the 6.8 MeV level. In addition, 2 �-ray
1

CNS, University of Tokyo
Kyushu University
3
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
4
Chiba Institute of Technology
5KEK
6Senshu University
2- 39 -－ 39 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

cascade transitions of 2269 and 2699 keV were newly identified in coincidence with the 992, 1441 and1841 keV transitions. Accordingly, these 5 �-ray transitions form a rotational band ranging from 2+ to 12+
states as shown in Fig. 1. The result of the DCO analysis is consistent with the E2 character of the in-band
transitions. The large moment of inertia of the band in 40Ar comparable to those of SD bands in 36Ar and40

Ca (Fig. 2), and the measured transition quadrupole moment (�1.45 eb) indicates the super-deformed

shape of the band with the deformation parameter �2�0.53.
In order to understand the super-deformed shape and the high-spin behavior of the band in 40Ar
theoretically, self-consistent cranked Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations based on the P+QQ two-bodyinteraction [11] were performed. The calculation shows that the 6p-4h structure with deformation parameter�2�0.57 appears in 40Ar, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.

Fig. 1 �-ray spectrum created by gating on

Fig. 2 Kinematical moment of inertia J(1) of

the in-band transitions of SD band in 40Ar.

the SD bands in 40Ar, 36Ar [2] and 40Ca [3],scaled by A5/3.

References[1] B. Singh, R. Zywina, R.B. Firestone, Nucl. Data Sheets 97 (2002) 241-592.
[2] C.E. Svensson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 2693-2696.
[3] E. Ideguchi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 222501/1-4.
[4] C.J. Chiara et al., Phys. Rev. C 67 (2003) 041303(R)/1-5.
[5] C.D. O’Leary et al., Phys. Rev. C 61 (2000) 064314/1-7.
[6] D. Rudolph et al., Phys. Rev. C 65 (2002) 034305/1-8.
[7] M. Lach et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 16 (2003) 309-311.
[8] M. Oshima et al., J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 278 (2008) 257-262.
[9] T. Kuroyanagi et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A316 (1992) 289-296.
[10] E. Bitterwolf et al., Z. Phys. A 313 (1983) 123-132.
[11] M. Oi, Phys. Rev. C 76 (2007) 044308/1-15.

- 40 -－ 40 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

2.7

Coulomb excitation measurement of 84Sr

Y. Toh1, M. Koizumi1, M. Oshima1, A. Toyoshima1, H. Harada1, K. Furutaka1, F. Kitatani1,
S. Nakamura1, A. Kimura1, Y. Hatsukawa1, A. Osa1, M. Sugawara2 and T. Morikawa3

Sr isotopes (Z=38) belong to the family of elements close to the Z=40 subshell closure which exhibit achange from almost spherical (at N=50) to strongly deformed nuclei at both ends (N=40, 62) of the series[1-3]. H. Zhang et al. have performed calculations in the RMF(DDDI), RMF(CPI) and RMF theory forboth the prolate and oblate configurations [4]. The deformations of nuclei have been obtained from therelativistic Hartree minimization with pairing. It is seen that the RMF(DDDI) theory gives a well-deformed
prolate shape for lighter isotopes. Further, the addition of a few neutrons below the closed neutron shellleads to an oblate shape and turns into a spherical one at the magic number N=50. For nuclei above N=50,
the RMF theory predicts the prolate deformation again. The nuclear deformation can be determined inmeasurements of quadrupole moments. Coulomb excitation is a useful method to deduce quadrupole
moments without taking into account the effects of nuclear interaction [5, 6].
A 84Sr target with approximately 1 mg/cm2 thickness was excited by a 19 MeV 12C beam. The Sr target was
obtained by an electrodeposition on a gold-foil surface from SrCO3 solution. A �-ray detector array,
GEMINI-II (upgraded version of GEMINI [7]), consisting of 16 Ge detectors with BGO Compton
suppression shields, was used to detect de-excitation � rays. Ge detectors were placed at � = 47, 72, 90,
105, 147, and 144 relative to the incident beam. Scattered particles are detected with a position-sensitive
particle detector system [8] with four plastic scintillators each of which is coupled to a position-sensitive
105

Counts10

21 + � 0 1 +

4

103
102

101

0

1000
Energy (keV)

2000

Fig. 1 An example of spectra of Coulomb excitation experiment. A transition from thefirst 2+ state to the ground state of 84Sr was observed.
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Chiba Institute of Technology
3
Kyushu University
2- 41 -－ 41 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

photomultiplier tube. It covers approximately 30% of the total solid angle, ranging from 20 to 67 andfrom 113 to 160 to the incident beam direction. The angular resolution was 3.1 in FWHM near the edgeof the detector and 1.9 at the center. The information on the location of particles was used for
Doppler-shift corrections of the � ray from 84Sr, simultaneously providing the impact-parameter
dependence of the �-transition intensity. The experimental data were recorded event by event on a hard disk
when one Ge detector and one particle detector gave coincident signals. Fig. 1 gives an example of spectraof � rays in coincidence with scattered particles.
The transition from the first 2+ state to the ground state (793.3keV) of 84Sr was clearly observed. Gammarays from fusion reactions (12C + 12C, 12C + 16O) and Coulomb excitation of 197Au were also observed
because the target contained oxygen and carbon and was supported by the gold backing foil. The � ray fromthe 41+ � 21+ transition (974.6 keV) of 84Sr was not found in the present experiment, to normalize the �-ray
yield from the target particle de-excitation. E2 matrix elements may be determined by using the transitionof 197Au as a reference, for which the B(E2) values are well known [9, 10]. The experimental data will beanalyzed in detail by using a least-squares search code GOSIA [11, 12], which will reveal the B(E2)transition probability and the quadrupole moments. This will help us to understand the ground state
properties of Sr isotopes.
References[1] F. Buchinger et al., Phys. Rev. C41 (1990) 2883-2897.
[2] P. Bonche et al., Nucl. Phys. A530 (1990) 149-170[3] D. Hirata et al. Phys. Lett. B314 (1993) 168-172[4] H. Zhang et al. Eur. Phys. J., A30 (2006) 519-529[5] K. Alder and A. Winther, Coulomb Excitation, Academic, NewYork, (1966).
[6] K. Alder and A. Winther, Electromagnetic Excitation, North Holland, Amsterdam, (1975).
[7] K. Furuno et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A421 (1999) 211-226.
[8] Y. Toh et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum., 73 (2002) 47-50.
[9] M. A. Schumaker et al., Phys Rev. C78 (2008) 044321.
[10] X. Huang and C. Zhou, Nucl. Data Sheet, 104 (2005) 283-426.
[11] T. Czosnyka et al., Nucl. Phys., A 458 (1986) 123-136.
[12] T. Czosnyka, C.Y. Wu and D. Cline, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 28 (1983) 745-746.

- 42 -－ 42 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

2.8Charge radii in macroscopic-microscopic mass models
H. Iimura1 and F. Buchinger2

We are conducting laser spectroscopy to determine the charge radii of unstable nuclei produced by the
JAEA tandem accelerator. In order to compare the experimental results with theoretical predictions, we
calculated the charge radii in the flame of the finite-range droplet model (FRDM). The FRDM is presently
the most sophisticated and successful macroscopic-microscopic approaches to mass models [1]. Even
though charge radii can be calculated from this model, they were not included as input data when the
optimum model parameters were determined. Thus, comparing between predicted and experimental radii
serves as cross check of the reliability of the model. For further examination of the model, we expanded theradii calculation over the full nuclear chart rather than in the mass region we are investigating
experimentally. The calculated charge radii were compared with the experimental data taken from recent
extensive compilation [2].
The charge radii were calculated by using the prescriptions outlined in the paper of Myers and Schmidt(MS) [3]. In the FRDM, the mean-square charge radius (R2) is written as
R2 � r2

where

r2

u

u

� r2

r

� 3b 2 � s 2p ,(1)is the contribution from the size of the uniform distribution,r2

rthe contribution fromthe Coulomb redistribution, b the surface-diffuseness parameter, and sp = 0.8 fm is the rms charge radius of
the finite proton. Being different from MS, we included triaxiality (�) and octupole deformation (�3) into
the radius calculation by giving the uniform-distribution part as
r2

u

�

3 2�
10
5
27
10
5
20
�
R Z �1 � � 22 � � 23 cos 3� � � 32 � � 24 � � 22� 4 � � 42 � � 2� 32 � ,
5
21
7
35
7
9
21
�
�

(2)

with
�l �

2l � 1
�l .
4�

(3)

Here RZ is the sharp radius for the proton distribution. For ��= 0° and ��= 60°, the nuclear shape is axiallysymmetric. If the shape is axially symmetric and simultaneously reflection-symmetric (�3 = 0), the uniform
distribution part reduces to the same expression as that of MS. As for the redistribution part, we do notchange the expression of MS. The values of tri-axiality, octupole and hexadecapole (�4) deformation
parameters were taken from the table of Möller and co-workers [1,4], which were calculated by thefinite-range liquid-drop model (FRLDM). It should be noted that the FRDM and FRLDM calculations
contain only static deformations, although the zero-point fluctuation about the minimum of the potential
well contributes to mean-square charge radii. There has been no calculation of shape fluctuation across thenuclear chart, but it can be estimated from nuclear transition rates. In order to empirically include the shape
1
2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
McGill University- 43 -－ 43 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

fluctuation into our radius calculation, we use the �2 parameters deduced from the experimental
B(E2; 01� � 21� ) values instead of using those determined within the FRLDM. The experimental
B(E2; 01� � 21� ) were taken from the recent comprehensive compilation [5].

0.05

Rexp – Rth (fm)

0.00
�0.05
�0.10
�0.15
�0.20
0

50

100
150
Nucleon Number A

200

250

Fig. 1 Difference between experimental (Rexp) and calculated (Rth) rms charge radii versus A.
Fig.1 shows our results for the difference between the experimental and calculated charge radii of the 242
nuclei, for which both the experimental charge radii and B(E2; 01� � 21� ) are available. In this calculation,
we used the surface-diffuseness parameter b = 0.893 fm, which was obtained by fitting to these 242 nuclei.
As seen in this figure, the difference Rexp – Rth considerably scatters in the mass regions A < 110 and A >210. In A <110 the difference is largely negative, which means Rth is too big. In the mass region 110 < A <210 the difference fluctuates less. If we adjust the surface-diffuseness parameter b to 0.93 fm, the difference
Rexp – Rth shifts downward, giving a better fit in the mass region 110 < A < 210. This value of b parameter isreasonable from the stand point of electron-scattering data. The reason for the bad agreement for A < 110
and A > 210 deserves further investigation. On the low mass side, one would expect the breakdown of a“liquid-drop-like” model at some point, but probably not as early as in the A =110 region.

References[1] P. Möller et al., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 59 (1995) 185-381.
[2] I. Angeli, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 87 (2004) 185-206.
[3] W. D. Myers and K. –H. Schmidt, Nucl. Phys. A410 (1983) 61-73.
[4] P. Möller et al., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 94 (2008) 758-780.
[5] S. Raman, C. W. Nestor jr. and P. Tikkanen, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 78 (2001) 1-128.

- 44 -－ 44 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

2.9

In-beam �-ray spectroscopy of 248,250,252Cf using neutron-transfer reactions

R. Takahashi1,2, T. Ishii2, D. Nagae2, M. Asai2, H. Makii2, K. Tsukada2, A. Toyoshima2, Y. Ishii2,
M. Matsuda2, A. Makishima3, T. Shizuma2, T. Kohno4 and M. Ogawa5

We have studied high-spin states of neutron-rich trans-uranium nuclei of 236Th (z=90), 240,242U (z=92),
245,246

Pu (z=94), and 249,250Cm (z=96) [1-5]. In Cf (z=98) nuclei, no in-beam �-ray spectroscopy has been

performed. The ground-state bands in 248,250,252Cf were only known up to 6+, 8+, and 6+, respectively. In thepresent work, high-spin states in 248,250,252Cf have been extended.
We have measured de-excitation � rays in 248,250,252Cf populated by neutron-transfer reactions with a249,250,251

Cf target and a 153 MeV 18O beam. The target electrodeposited on a 0.9 mg/cm2 aluminum foil

consists of 63% 249Cf, 13% 250Cf, and 24% 251Cf with a thickness of 0.45mg/cm2 and a diameter of 0.8mm.�
The activity of the target was 1.4 MBq.
Outgoing particles were detected by four sets of Si � E-E detectors and were separated by mass number. �rays emitted from residual nuclei were measured by six Ge detectors, in coincidence with outgoingparticles. In order to obtain spectra of 250,252Cf from 249,251Cf(18O,17O)250,252Cf reactions, we set the gates on
17

O particles with the measured kinetic energies corresponding to the excitation energies of 250,252Cf nuclei

Fig. 1 A spectrum of �-rays in coincidence with 17O particles with kinetic energies corresponding to theexcitation energies of 250Cf between 0 and 6 MeV.

1

Tokyo University of Science
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
3
National Defense Medical College
4
Tokyo Institute of Technology
5
Komazawa University2- 45 -－ 45 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

below the neutron separation energies, between 0 and 6 MeV. For the
249

18

19

248

Cf( O, O) Cf reactions, we set the gates oncorresponding to the excitation energies of
the ground-state bands of248

Cf spectrum from19

O particles with the measured kinetic energies

248

Cf nuclei below the neutron separation energy. The � rays in

250,252

Cf were clearly observed as shown in fig. 1. These � rays were coincident

with each other. The in-plane to out-of-plane intensity ratios of these � rays, I�(in-plane)/ I�(out-of-plane) >1, explained that these transitions are stretched E2 types. The ground-state bands in 248,250,252Cf wereextended up to 10+, 12+, and 10+ states, respectively. The results are summarized in fig. 2.
�������� ���������

�����

�� �

�����

�� �

�����

�� �

��������
��������

��������
�����

��

�����

��������
������

��
��

�����
� ���

�����

��
�����
�
�
��
���
��

�����

��
��������

������

�������������

��

�����

��
��������

��������

��������
��

�����

��

������

��������

�����
� ���

��
��

�����
� ���

�����

���
��

�����

Fig. 2 Level schemes of the ground-state bands of 248,250,252Cf.
References[1] T. Ishii et al., Phys. Rev., C72 (2005) 021301(R) (1-5).
[2] T. Ishii et al., J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 75 (2006) 043201 (1-4).
[3] T. Ishii et al., Phys. Rev., C76 (2007) 011303(R) (1-5).
[4] H. Makii et al., Phys. Rev., C76 (2007) 061301(R) (1-5).
[5] T. Ishii et al., Phys. Rev., C78 (2008) 054309 (1-11)- 46 -－ 46 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

2.10

Development of RI ion trap system

D. Nagae1, T. Ishii1, H. Makii2, R. Takahashi3, T.K. Sato1, A. Osa1 and S. Ichikawa1

�ow-energy (~ 3 keV) and low-emittance (~ 2 � mm mrad) pulsed radioactive nuclear beam (RNB) is
useful for measurement�of fundamental properties of nucleus such as binding energy, charge radius, andmagnetization distribution�with high accuracy. In order to produce such RNBs, a trap system has beendeveloped at the central beam line of the isotope separator on-line (ISOL) [1,2]. There are four fundamental
processes in producing the pulsed RNB: (i) injecting ions into a gas-filled RF linear ion trap on a potential
slightly below the beam energy, (ii) confining the ions with RF + DC electric field, (iii) extracting the ionsas bunches, (iv) modifying the potential energy of the ions using a pulse cavity. The details are described
elsewhere [3].
On-line test of the trap system has been carried out using 21Na+ produced in the 12C + 12C fusion reaction.
The Na beam energy�from the ISOL was 21 keV. The extracted ions were stopped on a multi-anode typemicro-channel plate (MCP) detector�placed on the exit of the trap system to measure the time and spatial
distributions of the ions. Figure 1 shows the time-of-flight spectrum of ions ejected out of the trap system.
By adjusting the DC electric field at the extraction side of the trap, the time width of extracted ions was
obtained to be FWHM ~ 2 �s. This result will allow producing low-energy RNBs using pulse cavity since aflight time in the pulse cavity is estimated to be about 6 �s with the kinetic energy of extracted ions is about
3 keV. The beam width of the trapped ions was measured as FWHM ~ 13 mm using the MCP. To produce
low-energy heavy RNBs up to A ~ 200, modifying an RF + DC electric circuit is now in�progress.

Fig. 1 Time-of-flight spectrum of 21Na+ ions extracted from the trap system.
References[1] H. Makii et al., JAEA Tandem Annu. Rep. 2005, JAEA-Revew 2006-029 (2006) 37-38.
[2] H. Makii et al., JAEA Tandem Annu. Rep. 2007, JAEA-Revew 2008-054 (2008) 46-47.
[3] F. Herfuth et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A469 (2001) 254-275.
1Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)3Tokyo University of Science (TUS)
2- 47 -－ 47 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

2.11 Lifetime measurement for the first 2+ state in 162Gd
D. Nagae1, T. Ishii1, R. Takahashi 2, M. Asai1, H. Makii3, A. Osa1, T.K. Sato1 and S. Ichikawa1

New neutron-rich europium isotopes 163, 164, 165, 166Eu were identified in previous experiments and measured
the excitation energies for 64Gd isotopes [1, 2]. It has been revealed that the excitation energies of the first2+ state, E(2+), in even-even 64Gd isotopes show local minimum at neutron number N = 98 as shown in Fig.
1. The same tendency was also found in 66Dy isotopes [3]. On the other hand, the values of E(2+) for 68Er,
70Yb, and 72Hf isotopes decrease as neutron number increase toward at N = 104 midshell. These results

suggest the sudden deformation of nuclear shape at N = 98. In order to clarify the mechanism of the local
minimum at N = 98, the lifetime of the first 2+ state at 71.5 keV in 162Gd have been measured to deduce thereduced transition probability, B(E2), by means of � – � delayed coincidence technique for 162Eu since theB(E2) is sensitive to nuclear deformation.
The experiment was performed using the isotope separator on-line. The 162Eu was produced inproton-induced fission with UCx target. The target was bombarded by a 32 MeV proton beam with intensity
about 1 �A. Fission products were diffused-out from the target, and then ionized with surface ionization
type ion source [1]. The mass-separated 162Eu was implanted into Mylar tape in a tape transport system andperiodically transported to a detection position. The detection position was equipped with a Pilot-U 60 mm
× 63 mm × 1-mm thick plastic scintillator and a 38 mm diameter × 5 mm thick BaF2 scintillator to detect �and ��- rays, respectively. Typical energy spectra of ��- rays for 162Gd are shown in Fig. 2. A ��- ray of 71.5
keV corresponding to the 2+ � 0+ transition has been observed. Analysis of the lifetime of the first 2+ state
is now in�progress.

Fig. 1 Excitation energies of the first 2+ states

Fig. 2 Energy spectra of ��-rays for 162Gd

References[1] A. Osa et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 266 (2008) 4394-4397.
[2] T.K. Sato�et al., JAEA Tandem Annu. Rep. 2006, JAEA-Revew 2007-046 (2006) 32-33.
[3] M. Asai et al., Phys. Rev. C 59 (1999) 3060-3065.
1Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Tokyo University of Science (TUS)
3High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)2- 48 -－ 48 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

2.12

A new technique to measure half-lives of long-lived isomers
using a total absorption detector

M. Asai1, H. Hayashi2, A. Osa1, T. K. Sato1, Y. Otokawa1, D. Nagae1, K. Tsukada1, Y. Miyashita3,
H. Ouchi3, S. Izumi3, T. Shinozuka3 and M. Shibata2

It is extremely difficult to measure half-lives of isomeric states in the range of 10 �s < t1/2 < 10 ms
populated by the � decay. In usual �� spectroscopy, the half-life is determined by measuring time intervals
between � and � detections. For isomers with t1/2 < 10 �s, correlations between � and � can easily bemeasured with a coincidence technique, which allows us to observe isomeric transitions very sensitively aswell as to determine their half-lives. On the other hand, for isomers with t1/2 > 10 �s, the longer the half-life
is, the more difficult to extract the true correlation events from increasing number of random correlation
events. To decrease the random correlation events, it is essential to decrease counting rates of � and �
detections. However, this also results in a lack of statistics of true correlation events, which makes it
impossible to observe isomeric � transitions as well as to determine their half-lives. To overcome thisdilemma, we have developed a new technique to measure half-lives of long-lived isomers in the range of 10
�s < t1/2 < 10 ms using a total absorption detector.
The total absorption detector consists of two large-volume BGO scintillators each of which has a 120 mm
diameter and a 100 mm thickness. Two scintillators are placed with a 4 mm apart and sandwich radioactive
sources between them. This detector has almost 100% full-energy deposition efficiencies for <500 keV �rays and <2 MeV electrons, and over 90% for <1 MeV � rays and <7 MeV electrons. The sources areprepared by the implantation onto a thin aluminized Mylar tape with an on-line isotope separator, andperiodically transported to the position between the scintillators. Energy signals from the two scintillators
are summed with a sum amplifier, and registered event-by-event with time stamps of a 5 ns resolution. Thisdetector was originally developed for Q� measurements by Shibata et al. [1,2] Since all �, �, conversion
electrons, and characteristic X rays emitted in cascade by a � decay deposit their energies on the detector
simultaneously, their signals are summed up in energy and registered as a single event. Thus, no discrete
�-ray peak is observed in the energy spectrum because it is summed with � rays which have a continuous
energy distribution. Figure 1(a) shows a typical total absorption spectrum observed by this detector for the� decay of 141Cs. On the other hand, if an excited state in the daughter nucleus has a half-life longer than afew �s, � rays depopulating that state are observed as an event different in time from that of � ray. Thus, aline peak whose energy corresponds to that of the isomer appears in the total absorption spectrum. Figure1(b) shows a total absorption spectrum for the � decay of 162Eu, in which a prominent 1449 keV peak does
appear in addition to a continuous energy component. This peak corresponds to the 1449 keV isomeric statein the daughter nucleus 162Gd, which was first discovered in our previous �-� coincidence experiment forthe � decay of 162Eu [3]. This energy spectrum demonstrates that the total absorption detector is very
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Nagoya University
3
Tohoku University
2- 49 -－ 49 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

sensitive to detecting isomeric states with a half-life longer than a few �s populated by the � decay, andsearching for unknown isomers.
In order to determine the half-life of the 1449 keV isomer, time intervals between � and � detections wereextracted from the event-by-event data. Here, events with energies of 1910�4430 keV are considered as
those of the � transitions populating the isomer, and events with 1310�1480 keV are as � transitions
depopulating the isomer. Figure 2 shows the extracted time interval spectrum. An exponential decay with ahalf-life of 86.4(11) �s is clearly observed, which corresponds to the half-life of the 1449 keV isomer in
162

Gd. A longer decay component with a half-life of 7.7 ms corresponds to the time intervals between

randomly correlated events with an average count rate of 90 cps. It is obvious that the isomeric component
with a half-life longer than that of random component cannot be observed with this technique. The total
absorption detector has a sensitivity to observe � decay with an intensity down to a few Bq, which implies
that the longest half-life to be determined should be ~100 ms with this technique. Physics discussions on
the 1449 keV isomer in 162Gd will be given in a forthcoming paper.

10

3Counts / Channel

10

4

(a)

141

Total absorption spectrum

Q�

Cs

10

10 2

10 1

10 1
0

500
1000
Channel Number

162

1449 keV isomer peak

10 3

10 2

10 0

(b)

4

10 0

Eu

Q�

0

500
1000
Channel Number

Fig. 1 (a) Total absorption spectrum for the � decay of 141Cs. (b) Total absorption spectrum for the �
decay of 162Eu. The 1449 keV isomer peak is observed.

Counts / 10 �s

10 4
10

3

10

2

162m

Gd (1449 keV)

t1/2 = 86.4(11) �s
7.7 ms

10 1
10 0

0

2000

4000
Time (�s)

6000

8000

Fig. 2 Decay curve of the 1449 keV isomer in 162Gd. Time intervals between � and � detections which
populate and depopulate the 1449 keV isomer, respectively, are plotted.
References[1] M. Shibata et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 459 (2001) 581-585.
[2] H. Hayashi et al., Eur. Phys. J. A, 34 (2007) 363-370.
[3] M. Asai, to be published.

- 50 -－ 50 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

2.13

Search for highly excited states in 10Be using deuteron elastic reaction to 8Li

H. Miyatake1,2, H. Ishiyama1, S.C. Jeong1, X.Y. Watanabe1, N. Imai1, Y. Hirayama1, H. Makii1,
S. Mitsuoka2, K. Nishio2, T. Sato2, T. Teranishi3, T. Fukuda4, Y. Mizoi4, H. Sato,5, 2,
K. Yamaguchi6, 1, A. Takashima7 and M. Suga7

In the previous experiment (RNB-K01), we observed aresonant-like structure at E = 1.0 MeV in the center-of-masssystem of 8Li(d, t) reaction. This energy corresponds 22.4 MeV
state in 10Be, as shown in Fig. 1, reported also as a proton/triton
decaying state both in the neutron capture experiment of 9Be andin the resonant particle decay spectroscopy of 7Li + 7Li. It
indicates a possibility of this state as a coexisting state of �+ t
+ t and �+�+ n + n cluster configurations [1]. The aim of thisexperiment is to determine spin and parity for further discussion
8of this state using resonance elastic scattering of deuteron to Li.

Fig. 1 Level schemes relevant to the8Li

According to the PAC recommendation, we have performed a feasibility test for this measurement during 3
days machine time. Irradiating the 8Li RNB of 0.94 MeV/u with 4.5 kpps to the CD2 target of 2.6 mg/cm2
thick, we successfully obtained scattered deuteron in correlation spectrum of the energy and thetime-of-flight by utilizing the simple detector set-up as shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 Schematic picture of the detector set-up.

1

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
3
Kyushu University
4
Osaka Electro-Communication University
5
Ibaraki University
6
Tsukuba University
7
Osaka University
2- 51 -－ 51 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

In the measured energy-time correlation
spectrum, tritons, 8Li particles passing
through pin-holes of the target, and �
particles

decaying

from

8

Li

were

observed in the same time as shown in
Fig. 3. These particles were well resolved.
Based on the result, it becomes clear that
theresonanceelastic

scattering

spectroscopy is feasible with usual 8Li
beam intensity (~50 kpps) and modified
detector set-up covering the solid angleof 100 msr being 10 times larger than thepresent one.

Fig. 3 Energy and time correlation spectrum.

[1] N. Itagaki et al., Phys. Rev. C77 (2008) 067301.

52 －
－- 52

JAEA-Review 2009-036

CHAPTER 3
Nuclear Reaction

3.1 � Indirect determination of neutron radioactive capture reaction cross section of
medium heavy nuclei
3.2� Barrier distribution of quasi-elastic backscattering in heavy systems
3.3� Effects of nuclear orientation on fission fragment mass distributions in the reaction of30

Si + 238U

3.4� Sub-barrier fusion hindrance in 19F + 209Bi reaction
3.5� Test of time reversal symmetry using polarized nuclei- 53 － 53 －This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2009-036

3.1� Indirect determination of neutron radiative capture reaction
cross section of medium heavy nuclei
N. Imai1, H. Ishiyama1, H. Sato2, S.C. Jeong1, D. Nagae3, K. Nishio3, Y. Hirayama1,
H. Makii3, S. Mitsuoka3, H. Miyatake1, K. Yamaguchi4 and Y.X. Watanabe1

The properties of unstable nuclei have been extensively studied for nuclear physics andnuclear-astrophysics. Under this trend, the facilities to generate low-energy radioactive isotope beams havebeen constructed and planned in the world. One of the physics programs to pursue is to reveal the single
particle structure of the neutron-rich nuclei [1]. It is not only because the structure directly relates to theshell evolution, but also because the single particle wave function can give the direct radiative capture(DRC) reaction cross section. In the case of the DRC reaction, the cross sections can be obtained with theE1 transition operator and the neutron bound state wave function [2].
One of ways to study the single particle structure of unstable nuclei is to measure the neutron transfer
reaction under the inverse kinematics condition. For example, the radioactive isotope beam is irradiated on
the CD2 target, and the recoiled protons will be measured. The scattering angles sensitive to the final state
wave functions are around 0 degrees in the center of mass frame, which correspond to the 180 degrees in
the laboratory frame. Due to the kinematics, the energies of the recoil proton are as low as a few MeV,
which is comparable to the multiple scattering and energy spread due to the scattering angle. And thus, thecomplicated detector system is needed [3]. Furthermore, when the level densities are dense, the respective
excited states cannot be resolved.
Alternatively, we proposed measurement of isobaric analog resonances. Owing to the isospin symmetry of
nuclear force, the neutron wave functions of parent nucleus ZA are identical with proton wave functions
appeared in the high excitation energies in the daughter nucleus Z+1A, called “isobaric analog states”. The
analog states can be accessed by the proton elastic scattering [4]. When we measure the excitation functionof differential cross sections at a given angle, the cross section where the excitation energy corresponds tothe analog state will be enhanced as a resonance. By analyzing the shape of the excitation function, we candetermine the wave function. In the case of the inverse kinematics reaction, measurement of the excitation
function at 180 degrees in the cm frame, which corresponds to 0 degrees in the laboratory frame, is useful.
Due to the kinematics, the energies of recoil protons increase to 4 times larger than the reaction energies in
the cm frame. Accordingly, the energy difference between the excitation energies will be enhanced to be 4
times larger than that. This feature is very useful for the experiment.

1

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)

2

Ibaraki University

3

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

4

University of Tsukuba- 55 -－ 55 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

As the first test of measuring the isobaric analog states in medium nuclei using the inverse kinematics
proton elastic scattering, we searched for the isobaric analog states of 69Zn with 68Zn beam with a proton
target. The analog states were well studied in the normal kinamatic condition [5].
The68

Zn13+ beam of 5.5 MeV/nucleon was provided by utilizing the Tandem accelerator andsuper-conducting linac at Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The beam intensity was decreased to several pA,
about 106 pps, by using the slits of the beam line. A 2.4 mg/cm2 CH2 foil was installed as a proton target.
The beam energy changed from 5.5 MeV/u to 3.5 MeV/u. Accordingly, the energies of recoiled protons
ranged from 22 MeV to 14 MeV. The resonance width was expected as small as 100 keV. And thus, wehave to measure the recoil proton with the uncertainty of 100 keV. To achieve the high energy resolution,
we attempted to measure the time of flight (TOF) of recoiled protons with a high time resolution. The starttiming signal was obtained by detecting the68

Zn beamevent-by-event with multi-channel plate (MCP), which was locatedupstream of the target. The MCP has a small window of 7 mm x 7mm which the beam passes through, enabling a time resolution ofaround 200 ps (FWHM). Two layers of plastic scintillators wereplaced at 5.5 m downstream of the target. Their thicknesses were
2.5 mm and 10 mm, respectively. The scintillators were installed in
the vacuum chamber, and both sides of the scintillator wereattached to photo-multiplier tubes placed outside the chamber.
Particles were identified by measuring the dE-E correlation of thescintilltators. In front of the scinillatorts, we placed 12 mg/cm

2

thick Al sheet to stop the beam.
A locus in the dE-E correlation was clearly observed as presented

E (ch)
2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

dE (ch)Fig.1 dE-E correlation
plastic scintillators.

ofin Fig.1. Although we selected the locus, we couldn’t find significant relations between the total E and thetime of flight of proton. We observed unknown scattered background all over the time range. They may berelated to the neutrons produced by the fusion reaction of 12C included in the CH2 foil with the 68Zn beam.
We have changed the experimental setup to measure the isobaric analog states in the second experiment
which have recently performed in April 2009.
References[1] J.M. Blatt and V. F. Weisskopf, Theoretical Nuclear Physics, (Wiley, NewYork 1952).
[2] H. Savajols et al., Nucl. Inst. Meth. B 266 (2008) 4583.
[3] A. Bohr and B. R. Mottelson, Nuclear Structure, (W.A. Benjamin, New York, 1969).
[4] W.S. Steiner et al., Phys. Rev. C4 (1971) 1684.

- 56 -－ 56 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

3.2

Barrier distribution of quasi-elastic backscattering in heavy systems
S. Mitsuoka1, H. Ikezoe1, K. Nishio1, Y.X. Watanabe2, S.C. Jeong2,
Y. Hirayama2, N. Imai2, H. Ishiyama2 and H. Miyatake2

By means of the measurements of quasi-elastic (QE) cross sections at backward scattering angles, theCoulomb barrier distributions have been experimentally obtained [1] and theoretically studied [2,3] in 48Ti,
54

Cr, 56Fe, 64Ni and 70Zn + 208Pb relating to the cold fusion reactions for the production of super-heavy

elements Z = 104, 106, 108, 110 and 112, respectively. The centroid of the barrier distributions showeddeviation from the several predicted barrier heights by about 3-10 MeV toward the low energy side. It wasreported that such deviation is very small in a similar work on the QE barrier distribution in the heavier
system of 86Kr + 208Pb producing Z = 118 [4]. They measured the QE cross sections at various detector
angles down to 125° in steps of 5° at five beam energies by using the cyclotron. Recently we havemeasured it in the same reaction at the backward angles of 172° and 164° with changing the beam energies
in steps of 1.5 MeV using the JAEA tandem-booster accelerator.
Ec.m.=276.6MeV
86

Fig. 1 shows the typical energy spectra at 172° in Kr +208

Pb. As theincident energy increases, the single peak corresponding to the elastic
scattering develops a low energy tail including both inelastic scatteringand transfer components, and finally another component corresponding

Ec.m.=292.6MeV

to deep-inelastic collisions (DIC) becomes dominant. It was foundedthat these spectra were well reproduced by the sum of the solid and thecode LINDA [5] for the low energy component and a semiclassicalcode GRAZING [3] incorporating both transfer and inelastic
excitations of collective surface vibrations. We obtained the QE yield

Countsdashed curves, respectively, calculated by using a reaction simulation
Ec.m.=297.9MeV

as a sum of elastic, inelastic scattering and transfer by carefully
excluding the DIC yield. At Ec.m. = 292.6 MeV, for example, the QE
yield is evaluated to be about half of the whole yield, while in Ref. [4]the whole of the spectrum at the same reaction energy was assumed toEc.m.=302.2MeV

be QE. Detailed analysis for the QE cross sections is in progress.
References[1] S. Mitsuoka el al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (2007) 182701.
[2] Z. Muhammad el al., Phys. Rev. C 77 (2008) 034604.
[3] G. Pollarolo, Phys. Rev. Lett, 100 (2008) 252701.
[4] S.S. Ntshangase et al., Phys. Lett. B 651 (2007) 27-32.
[5] E. Duek et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 34 (1985) 125.

1
2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)- 57 -－ 57 －

Energy (MeV)
Fig. 1 Energy spectra measured
at 172° in 86Kr+208Pb. The solid
and the dashed curves are thecalculated results by the codes
LINDA [4] and GRAZING [3],respectively.

JAEA-Review 2009-036

3.3

Effects of nuclear orientation on fission fragment mass distributionsin the reaction of 30Si + 238U
K. Nishio1, H. Ikezoe1, S. Mitsuoka1, I. Nishinaka1, Y.X Watanabe2,
Y. Nagame1, T. Ohtsuki3 and K. Hirose3

Evaporation residue
cross section (mb)Fission (capture)
cross section (mb)Super-heavy elements have been successfully produced using two types of fusion reactions. One is thereactions based on lead or bismuth targets [1,2]. The other is the reactions based on actinide targets,where by using projectile 48Ca elements up to atomic number 118 except 117 have been produced [3].
The striking feature in the actinide based reactions [3] is that the cross-sections do not drop withatomic number as in the case of cold-fusion reactions, but keep pico-barn values even in the
production of the heaviest elements. A possible explanation for keeping the large cross-section would
be associated with the static deformation of the target nuclei.
238
30
U
Si
16
In the case for light projectile O, the measured evaporation
E* / MeV
30 40 50 60 70
residue (ER) cross-sections suggest that fusion occurs for every
103
Coupled channel
colliding angle and is independent of the nuclear orientation [4].
2
30
238
10
In the reaction using heavier projectiles Si + U [5], we have101
measured the ER cross-sections as shown in Fig.1. Bycomparing the experimental data with the statistical model
100
calculation, we have concluded in 2006 that competition
One-dimensional
10-1
between fusion and quasi-fission was suggested at the
-2
10
264
sub-barrier energy, whereas no significant fusion hindrance was
Sg 263Sg
10-6 265Sg(4n) (5n)found at the equatorial collisions. The reaction 30Si + 238U would
262
(3n)
Sg
give us an opportunity to observe quasi-fission and
10-7
(6n)
fusion-fission and investigate the energy dependence of the
10-8yields. We have measured the fission fragment mass
distributions in this reaction to see how the quasi-fission appears
10-9
120 130 140 150 160 170
in the mass distributions.
Ec.m. / MeV

The experiment was carried out by using 30Si beams suppliedby the JAEA tandem accelerator. Two fission fragments weredetected in coincidence with position-sensitive multi-wire
proportional counters. Fission events after full momentum
transfer of the projectile to the system are separated fromfissions following nucleon transfer reactions, by measuring
the emission angles and the out-of-plane angles. In thisexperiment, we also obtained the fission cross-sections, as
shown in the upper panel of Fig.1.
1 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
2
3High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Tohoku University- 58 -－ 58 －

Fig. 1 (Top) Measured fission cross-sections
as function of center-of-mass energies(Ec.m.) measreud at the JAEA tandem
accelerator. The solid curve is the coupledchannel calculation pass through the
Coulomb barrier. Dashed curve is the
one-dimensional barrier penetration model.
The excitation energies ( E* ) are indicated.
(Bottom) Evaporation residue cross-sections,compared with the statistical model
calculation. For the details, see Ref.[5].

JAEA-Review 2009-036

Figure 2 shows the dependence of the mass distributions for 30Si + 238U reaction on the center-of-massenergy (Ec.m.). At the higher energy region than the Bass barrier of Ec.m.= 139.7 MeV, the spectra show asymmetric shape around mass A = 134. Below the bass barrier, the spectrum shows the asymmetriccomponent with AH = 178 and AL = 90.
We can compare the measured mass distributions at Ec.m.= 144.0 MeV with the ER cross-section for 263Sg(5n). The agreement with the ER cross-section with the calculation indicates that fusion is the major
process after the system overcomes the Coulomb barrier. The corresponding mass distribution has
symmetric shape, so that the compound nucleus fission dominates. The lower value in the cross-section for264

Sg (4n) than the HIVAP calculation suggests thatcompetition between fusion and quasi-fission occurs.
The corresponding mass distribution in Fig.2 at Ec.m.=
134.0 MeV has asymmetric fission components,
indicating that the asymmetric fission is associatedwith quasi-fission. At the deep sub-barrier energy ofEc.m.=128.0–129.0 MeV, enhanced quasi-fission yields
are predicted from the upper limit in the ER
cross-section and the enhanced asymmetric fission
yields in the mass distribution. The variation of themass distribution with bombarding energy resultsfrom the orientation effects of the deformed target
nucleus 238U on the reaction.
Strong variation of the fragment mass distribution
with energy was observed in the reaction 36S+ 238U.
The system has dominant quasi-fission in the
sub-barrier region, forming the asymmetric mass
distribution [6]. The heavier projectile on 238U target
results in enhanced quasi-fission probability in the
sub-barrier region.

Fig. 2 Fission fragment mass distributions for30
Si + 238U measured at the JAEA tandem
accelerator. Bombarding energies and theexcitation energies are shown. The arrows
show the location of the asymmetric fission
components. The spectra marked by the boxes
are taken at the energy where ER measurement
were carried out.

References[1] S. Hofmann and G. Münzenberg, Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 733 (2000).
[2] K. Morita et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 73, 1738 (2004).
[3] Yu.Ts. Oganessian, J. Phys. G, 34, R165 (2007).
[4] K. Nishio et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (2004) 162701.
[5] K. Nishio et al., Eur. Phys. J. A29 (2006) 281-287.
[6] K. Nishio et al., Phys. Rev. C. 77 (2008) 064607(1-5).

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

3.4

Sub-barrier fusion hindrance in 19F + 209Bi reaction

I. Nishinaka1, Y. Kasamatsu2, M. Tanikawa3 S. Goto4 and M. Asai1

Unexpected steep falloff of fusion cross sections has recently been observed in heavy-ion fusion reactionsat deep sub-barrier energies [1]. Such unexpected steep falloff of fusion cross sections, so-called sub-barrier
fusion hindrance, was studied experimentally and theoretically [2-3]. However, the mechanism of
sub-barrier fusion hindrance is still an open question. Sub-barrier fusion hindrance has been studied mainly
in medium-heavy mass systems because improvements of instruments to detect fusion residues, forexample, the Fragment Mass Analyzer [4], makes it possible to determine the fusion-evaporation crosssections in sub-milli-barn level precisely. In contrast, only a limited number of studies was carried out inheavy-mass systems in which fused nuclei decay mainly not by neutron evaporation (fusion-evaporation
reactions) but by fission (fusion-fission reactions) [3]. In this work, fusion-fission cross sections for 19F +209

Bi at sub-barrier energies were determined by a radiochemical method in order to study sub-barrier

fusion hindrance in heavy-mass systems.
The targets of 209Bi with thickness of 0.15-0.22 mg/cm2 were irradiated with 83-135 MeV 19F ions using
the 20 MV tandem accelerator at JAEA-Tokai. Figure 1 schematically shows two types of irradiation setupsthat were installed in a Faraday cup. Fission fragments were collected in the backing and the catcher foil of
5.4 mg/cm2 aluminum. The irradiation setup (b) was mainly used to measure the cross sections of somehigh-yield fission products at the energies Elab � 91 MeV by �-ray spectrometry without chemical
procedures. Both the setups (a) and (b) were used to measure the production cross sections of 99Mo at Elab
� 91 MeV by radiochemical separations. After irradiation, the target, the backing and the catcher foil weredissolved in 6M HCl solution. The radiochemical separations of molybdenum (VI) from fission productmixtures were carried out by using ion-exchange techniques. Precipitation of Mo with �-benzoin-oxime
was applied to the preparation of samples for �-ray spectrometry. Chemical yields of 49-80% were
determined by neutron activation analysis. The neutron activations of the samples and standards were
performed with neutron flux of 5 x 1013 n/cm2/s for duration of 30 s by using the JRR-3 “PN-1” and“PN-2” equipments at JAEA-Tokai. The cross section of fission products, ��, was calculated by thefollowing equation,
�� =

C�
,
��c����I��N��(1 - e-�T )where C� is the counting rate of the photo-peak area at the end of irradiation,��c the chemical yield, ��� thephoto-peak detection efficiency, I� the emission probability of the �-ray, N the number of target atoms, � thebeam flux,�� the decay constant, and T the irradiation time. The corrections for the growth and decay ofparent-daughter nuclides in the �-decay chain were applied to the 140 keV photo-peak of 99Mo-Tc.

1 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

2 The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)
3 University of Tokyo
4 Niigata University- 60 -－ 60 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

Fig. 2 shows the cross sections of 99Mo as a function of incident beam energy. The solid circles and graysquares indicate the present results obtained by using the respective irradiation setup (a) and (b) in Fig. 1.
Energy loss in the catcher foil (5.4 mg/cm2 aluminum) put on the upstream of beam was calculated to beapproximately 24 MeV for Elab = 85 and 87 MeV [5]. The systematic errors of the energy loss calculation
probably result in the small shifts of the data (gray squares) to low energy compared with the data shownby solid circles. Fission cross sections were obtained by using the fractional yield of 99Mo to the total
fission yield (4.1% / 200%) which was deduced from the mass yield curves at the energies Elab � 91 MeV
because the mass yield curves were insensitive to the beam energies. The uncertainty of the fractional yield
was estimated to be approximately 12%. It should be noted that excitation function of fusion-fission
reaction was determined down to nearly two orders of magnitude smaller than the data (open circles)
measured by silicon surface barrier detectors [6]. Experimental data deviate from the calculation by a
one-dimensional barrier penetration model [7] (solid curve) at Elab < 86 MeV. The energy at the point ofsteep falloff is in good agreement with the energy VKNS = 86.8 MeV at the touching point of the projectile

Catcher(b)

TargetBacking

Water-cooledbeam stopper

10

100

1

10

0.1

1

0.01

VKNS

0.1
0.01

0.001
80

90

100

110

120

Elab (MeV)

Beam

Fig. 1 Irradiation setups.

100

1000

99

Beam

Fission cross section (mb)10000

Cross section of(a)Mo (mb)and the target nucleus for 19F + 209Bi that was estimated with Krappe-Nix-Sierk potential [2].

Fig. 2 Fission cross section for 19F + 209Bi. Solid circles
and gray squares indicate present results. Open circles
are taken from Ref [6]. Solid curve is calculated by a
one-dimensional barrier penetration model [7].

References[1] C. L. Jiang, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 89 (2002) 052701-1-4.
[2] T. Ichikawa et al., Phys. Rev C, 75 (2007) 064612-1-4.
[3] M. Dasgupta et al, Phys. Rev. Lett., 99 (2007) 192701-1-4.
[4] C. N. David and J. D. Larson, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 40 (1989) 1224-1228; C. N. Davidet al., ibid. 70 (1992) 358-365.
[5] J. F. Ziegler et al., The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids, Pergamon Press, New York, (1985).
[6] A. M. Samant et al., Eur. Phys. J, A7 (2000) 59-64.
[7] B. B. Back et al., Phys. Rev. C 32 (1985) 195-213.

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

3.5

Test of time reversal symmetry using polarized nuclei

J. Murata1, T. Akiyama1, M. Hata1, Y. Hirayama2, Y. Ikeda1, T. Ishii4, D. Kameda3, H. Kawamura1,
S. Mitsuoka4, H. Miyatake2, D. Nagae4, K. Ninomiya1, M. Nitta1, E. Seitaibashi1 and T. Toyoda1

In this project, time reversal symmetry is going to be tested using polarized 8Li nuclei produced at TRIAC
by tilted foil technique. The first test experiment RNB07K04 is performed in April 2008 [1] with
unpolarized 8Li beam. This report describes the second and final experiment RNB08K04. The goal of thisproject is to examine an existence of transverse polarization of electrons emitted from the polarized 8Li
nuclei in beta decay, utilizing analyzing power of Mott scattering. For non-zero value of the transverse
electron polarization indicates violation of the time reversal symmetry, which almost holds in the standard
model, it can be said that we are aiming to test the standard model in a highest precision in a nuclear
system.
We have developed an electron polarimeter using a drift chamber, and have performed a test experimentusing 8Li nuclei at TRIAC in April 2008, confirming its high enough performance as a polarimeter.
However, it is getting clear that only less than 1% of the recorded events satisfies real V-track filters in theoffline analysis in this experiment. It means that the triggered events are dominated by background events,
such as Coulomb multiple scattering and X-ray radiation, etc. In order to improve the rejection factor of thetriggering system, we have developed a new FPGA based intelligent triggering system. In addition to theprevious triggering logic, which composed of a coincidence between incident plastic counter and one of the
stopping counters, at least two anode hits per single sense plane are requested for every six sense planes ofthe drift chamber in the new triggering system (DC trigger). After installing the DC trigger, the second
experiment RNB08K04 is performed from September 1st to 5th, 2008 using 178keV/u 8Li beam at around100kpps intensities.

Fig. 1 Experimental setup of the RNB08K04. Electrons scattered at backward angles from the analyzer foil
form “V-track”s, which is detected by the planer drift chamber.
1 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University

2 High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
3 Nishina Center for Accelerator Based Science, RIKEN
4 Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 62 -－ 62 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

The purpose of the experiment is:
1. To test the feasibility of the drift chamber based transverse polarization detectors, aiming to utilize it on
the next project being planned to be performed at TRIUMF.
2. To perform a physics data taking, aiming to provide the first experimental test of the time reversal
symmetry in nuclear beta decay, without suffering from the dominant scattering background by
utilizing a event by event V-track reconstruction technique.
As a result, we have successfully recorded about 1M V-track events from polarized 8Li nuclei in thismeasurement. Thanks to the DC trigger, purity of the real V-tracks in the recorded gains more than 10 times,
and the computer live time is almost 100% in the measurement. In order to cancel geometrical asymmetries
etc, the spin direction of incident 8Li beam is flipped every 5 minutes by rotating the tilted foil angles.
Totally 17G 8Li ions are implanted on the annealed platinum stopper, which sandwiched by spin holding
permanent magnets. About 1.6G plastic triggers are generated at around 12kHz, and finally 13M DC
triggered events are recorded at only around 0.1kHz. After the offline data analysis, about 1M V-track
events are successfully reconstructed.

Fig. 2 Scattering angular distribution of the V-track events.
Mott scattering angular distribution is obtained as shown in Figure 2, for both spin-up and -down settings.
If time reversal symmetry is broken, the two distributions do not show same shapes. Obtained results fromthe preliminary analysis is consistent with zero. However, a slight systematic tendency of having non-zero
effect is observed in some aspects.
In summary, we have successfully performed a test of time reversal symmetry using polarized 8Li nuclei at
TRIAC, as the first measurement using event by event V-track reconstruction without suffering from thedominant backgrounds. The present experiment shows the enough performance as electron transverse
polarimeter, which is going to be used at TRIUMF.
References[1] J. Murata et al., JAEA-Tokai Tandem Annual Report 2007 (2008) 58-59- 63 － 63 －This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2009-036

CHAPTER 4
Nuclear Chemistry4.1� Anion-exchange experiment of Db with 0.31 M HF/0.10 M HNO3 solution
4.2� Development of on-line isothermal gas chromatographic apparatus for 265Sg
�4.3� Ion-exchange behavior of Zr and Hf as homologues of element 104, Rf, in H2SO4
solutions
4.4 � Production of Nb and Ta tracers for chemistry of Db
4.5

Synthesis of water-soluble encapsulated-radioisotope fullerenes- 65 － 65 －This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2009-036

4.1

Anion-exchange experiment of Db with 0.31 M HF/0.10 M HNO3 solution

Y. Kasamatsu1,2, A. Toyoshima1, M. Asai1, K. Tsukada1, Z. Li1, Y. Ishii1, T.K. Sato1, I. Nishinaka1,
T. Kikuchi1, H. Haba2, Y. Kudou2, N. Sato2, Y. Oura3, K. Akiyama3, K. Ooe4, H. Fujisawa4,
A. Shinohara5, S. Goto5, H. Kudo5, M. Araki6, M. Nishikawa6, A. Yokoyama6 and Y. Nagame1

Chemical experiments of element 105 (Db), the group-5 element in the 7th period, have been performed bycomparative studies with its homologues Nb and Ta and the pseudo homologue Pa [1]. Only few clear
results have been, however, obtained and little is known about the chemical properties of Db. For a deeper
understanding of the properties of Db, more detailed chemical investigations are required. In our previous
work [2], anion-exchange behavior of Nb, Ta, and Pa in HF/HNO3 solution was systematically investigatedby a batch method, and significantly different behavior among these elements was observed. It is very
interesting to explore how Db behaves in the anion-exchange chromatography. Based on the results of
online anion-exchange experiments with Nb and Ta [3], we conducted the first anion-exchange experimentof Db in 0.89 M HF/0.30 M HNO3 solution [4]. Unfortunately, the obtained distribution coefficient, Kd,
was an upper limit due to the small � events of Db. In the present experiment, the anion-exchange behaviorof Db in 0.31 M HF/0.10 M HNO3 was studied by using a newly developed rapid ion-exchange and�-spectroscopy apparatus “AIDA-II” [5].
Dubnium-262 was produced in the 248Cm(19F, 5n) reaction. Reaction products were continuouslytransported by a He/KF gas-jet system to the collection site of AIDA-II in the chemistry laboratory. The
products collected for 83 s were dissolved in 300 �L of 0.31 M HF/0.10 M HNO3 solution ([F�] = 0.0030
M) and were fed onto the column (�1.0 mm × 3.5 mm) filled with the anion-exchange resin MCl GEL
CA08Y at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. The eluate was collected on a 15 mm × 300 mm tantalum sheet which
was continuously moving toward an �-particle detection chamber at 20 mm/s (fraction 1). The sample on
the sheet was automatically evaporated to dryness with a halogen heat lamp and was subjected to an�-particle measurement in the chamber equipped with an array of 12 silicon PIN photodiode detectors [5].
The remaining Db on the resin was stripped with 290 �L of 0.015 M HF/6.0 M HNO3. The effluent wascollected on another sheet and was subjected to the �-particle measurement in the same way (fraction 2).
This anion-exchange cycle was repeated 1222 times.
A total of 26 � counts were detected in the energy region of interest for the decay of 34-s 262Db and its
daughter 3.9-s 258Lr. By correcting for background � counts, the number of � counts ascribed to the decayof the nuclides was evaluated as 9.7 for fraction 1 and 7.6 for fraction 2. The percent adsorption (%ads) of1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN)
3Tokyo Metropolitan University
4
Niigata University
5
Osaka University
6
Kanazawa University
2- 67 -－ 67 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

56+16-13% was obtained according to an equation of %ads = 100 × A2 / (A1 + A2), where A1 and A2 areradioactivities in the fractions 1 and 2, respectively. The Kd value of Db was evaluated from the %ads value
with the relationship between the %ads values and the Kd values of Nb and Ta [3] and is plotted in Fig. 1
together with the upper limit in 0.89 M HF/0.30 M HNO3 obtained previously [4]. It is found that theadsorption of Db on the resin in the solution with [F�] of 0.0030 M is considerably weaker than that of theclosest homologue Ta in the periodic table and is similar to that of the lighter homologue Nb and thepseudo homologue Pa.

105
104
Kd / mL g-1

103
102
10

1

100
10-2

: Nb Batch: Nb Column: Ta Batch: Pa Batch: Db Column [4]: Db this work

10-1
[NO3-] / M

100Fig. 1 Kd values of Nb, Ta, Pa, and Db as a function of [NO3�] at constant [F�] of 0.0030 M.

References[1] J. V. Kratz, The Chemistry of Superheavy Elements, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2003)
175-191.
[2] Y. Kasamatsu et al., J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 279 (2009) 361-367.
[3] Y. Kasamatsu et al., JAEA-Review 2007-046 (2008) 65-66.
[4] Y. Kasamatsu et al., JAEA-Review 2008-054 (2008) 65-66.
[5] K. Tsukada et al., JAEA-Review 2008-054 (2008) 67-68.

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

4.2

Development of on-line isothermal gas chromatographic
apparatus for 265Sg

T.K. Sato1, K. Tsukada1, M. Asai1, A. Toyoshima1, Y. Kasamatsu1, Y. Ishii1,
Z. Li1, T. Kikuchi1,2 and Y. Nagame1

To investigate chemical properties of the transactinide element seaborgium (Sg, Z=106), we havedeveloped an on-line isothermal gas chromatographic apparatus. The on-line experiments with the group-5
elements using the short lived 104Mo and 173W as the homologues of Sg were conducted. The nuclide 173W
was produced in the natTb(19F, xn) reaction at the JAEA tandem accelerator facility and 104Mo was provided
from 252Cf spontaneous fission source.
A schematic diagram of the developed apparatus is shown in Fig. 1. The apparatus consists of a target
chamber, a unit of chemical reaction, an isothermal column made of quartz, and a gas-jet chamber. Nuclear
reaction products recoiling out of the target were transported from the target chamber to the reaction unit
continuously with carrier gas. He and Ar gas was used as carrier gas for W and Mo, respectively. In thechemical reaction unit, the reaction products were stopped on a quartz wool where the reactive gas wasintroduced. Air saturated with SOCl2 vapor at room temperature was used as the reactive gas. VolatileFig.1 Schematic diagram of the on-line isothermal gas chromatographic apparatus combinedwith the target chamber.

species produced in the reaction unit were then transported along the isothermal column by the carrier gas
flow. Volatile compounds leaving the column were attached to KCl aerosol particles in the gas-jet chamber
for transport to a detection system. The radioactivity-laden-aerosol was deposited on a glass filter at thecollection site of the detection system. An HP-Ge detector was used to measure the �-rays of each nuclide.
In order to obtain optimum condition for production of volatile compounds in the online experiments, thechemical yields were measured as functions of the flow rate of the He carrier gas, the flow rate of thereactive gas, and the temperature of the reaction unit. The optimum condition was as follows: 0.75l/min of
He carrier gas flow rate, 200ml/min of the reactive gas flow rate and reaction room temperature of 600°C.
1
2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Ibaraki University- 69 -－ 69 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

At the above conditions, we measured therelativechemicalcompounds of173

yieldsW andofvolatile104

Mo as a functionof the isothermal temperature (Fig.2). The
average yield of Mo remained constantdown to 200°C, rapidly dropped below
150°C to about 10 percent at 50°C while thatof W remains constant down to 300°C andrapidly dropped to around 0 percent at
200°C. The behavior of Mo and Ta were thesame as that obtained in [1].

References[1] M. Gärtner et al.,Radiochim. Acta, 78(1997) 59-68.

Fig.2 Measured relative yields of volatile species produced
under chlorinating conditions with 104Mo and 173W as afunction of the isothermal temperature.

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

4.3 Ion-exchange behavior of Zr and Hf as homologues of element 104, Rf,
in H2SO4 solutions
Z.J. Li1, A. Toyoshima1, K. Tsukada1 and Y. Nagame1

We have systematically investigated complex formation of Rf, e.g. chloride, nitrate, and fluoride complexes
and found that Rf behaves like the group-4 elements Zr and Hf in HCl and HNO3, but significantly different
from Zr and Hf in HF and in HF/HNO3 mixed solutions [1-5].�The stability of Rf chloride complexes islarger than that of Zr and Hf complexes [1], while the formation constant of [RfF6]2- is determined to be atleast one order of magnitude smaller than those of [ZrF6]2- and [HfF6]2- [4]. The sulfate ion SO42- is a strong
complexing agent for the group-4 elements. The stability of Zr and Hf complexes formed with the various
inorganic ligands decreases in the order of F- > SO42- >> Cl- � NO3- [6]. Therefore, it is of a�great interest toinvestigate the properties of Rf sulfate complexes by comparing with those of Zr and Hf sulfate complexes.
In the present study, the ion-exchange behavior of Zr and Hf in H2SO4 has been studied by a batch method
to clarify a predominant chemical species of these elements adsorbed on cation- and anion-exchange resins.
The carrier-free radiotracers 88Zr (T1/2 = 83.4 d) and 175Hf (T1/2 = 70.0 d) were produced in the 89Y(p, 2n)
and 175Lu(p, n) reactions, respectively, at the JAEA tandem accelerator and were stocked in 0.1 M H2SO4.
The cation- and anion-exchange resins used were MCI GEL CK08Y and CA08Y. A portion of 5 - 200 mgof the resin and 3 mL of a desired solution containing 50 µL of the radiotracer solution were added into a
polypropylene tube and were mixed for 24 h at 25 ± 1 oC. After centrifugation, a 1 mL aliquot was pipetted
and subjected to �-ray measurement with a Ge detector. Reference experiments without the resin were also
carried out. The number of the 88Zr and 175Hf atoms in each batch experiment was about 109. The
distribution coefficient, Kd in units of mL/g, was calculated in terms of Kd = ArVs/(Asmr), where Ar and As
are the radioactivities (Bq) in the resin and solution phases, respectively, Vs is the volume of the solution(mL) and mr is the mass of the dry resin (g).
In Figs. 1(a) and 1(b), the variation of the Kd values of Zr and Hf on the cation- and anion-exchange resinsin H2SO4 is plotted as a function of [H+]eq and [HSO4-]eq, respectively. It can be seen that the ion-exchange
behavior of Zr and Hf is basically similar to each other, and that Zr and Hf are adsorbed on the
cation-exchanger as well as anion-exchanger. The adsorption sequence on the cation-exchanger is Hf > Zr,
while that on the anion-exchanger is Zr > Hf, confirming that Zr has a stronger ability to form sulfate
complexes than Hf [6]. In 0.11–0.99 M H2SO4 (0.116 M � [H+]eq � 1.00 M and 0.097 M � [HSO4-]eq �
0.980 M), the log Kd values of Zr and Hf on the cation-exchanger linearly decrease with log [H+]eq with theslopes of -4.1 ± 0.1 and -3.9 ± 0.1, respectively, and those on the anion-exchanger also decrease with log[HSO4-]eq with the slopes of -2.0 ± 0.1 and -1.9 ± 0.1, respectively. The slope analysis shows that M4+ andM(SO4)32- (M = Zr and Hf) are the predominant cationic and anionic species of Zr and Hf adsorbed on theresins, respectively.
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 71 -－ 71 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

6

6

10

10

(a)

5
4

Kd / mL g -1

3
2

88

0

175

-1

2

10

10

10 -2
10

3

10

10

10

4

10

10

1

(b)

5

10

10

Kd / mL g

-1

10

1

Zr
Hf

10

88

0

175

10

-1

-1

10

+

[ H ]eq / M

10 -2
10

0

10

Zr
Hf
-1

10

0

-

[ HSO4 ]eq / M

10Fig. 1. Variation of the Kds of 88Zr and 175Hf on (a) the cation-exchanger CK08Y and (b) theanion-exchanger CA08Y as a function of [H+]eq and [HSO4-]eq, respectively, in 0.018 - 0.99 M H2SO4
solutions.
Theoretical calculation has suggested that the affinity of the SO42- ion to the group-4 elements decreases inthe sequence of Zr > Hf > Rf [7]. Therefore, the Kd values of Rf on the cation-exchange resin could belarger than those of Zr and Hf, while those on the anion-exchange one are expected to be smaller.
Considering the short life of 78s-261Rf and the currently applied AIDA system (an automated ion-exchange
separation apparatus coupled with the detection system for alpha-spectroscopy) [1-5] that uses 1.6 mm i.d.
× 7.0 mm and 1.0 mm i.d. × 3.0 mm micro-columns, we are able to study Rf behavior under the conditions
with the Kd values of 20–500 mL/g. Thus, on-line experiments with 261Rf on the cation-exchange resin in
0.2–0.5 M H2SO4 and on the anion-exchange resin in 0.1–0.4 M H2SO4 could be performed to analyze theadsorption property of Rf on the resin.

References[1] H. Haba et al., J. Nucl. Radiochem. Sci., 3 (2002), 143-146.
[2] H. Haba et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126 (2004), 5219-5224.
[3] A. Toyoshima et al., J. Nucl. Radiochem. Sci., 5 (2004), 45-48.
[4] A. Toyoshima et al., Radiochim. Acta, 96 (2008), 125-134 .
[5] Y. Ishii et al., Chem. Lett., 37 (2008), 288-289.
[6] D.I. Ryabchikov et al., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 26 (1964), 965-980.
[7] V. Pershina et al., Radiochim. Acta, 94 (2006), 407-414.

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

4.4 Production of Nb and Ta tracers for chemistry of Db
S. Goto1, T. Kawasaki2, T. Hasegawa2, Y. Shigeno2, H. Kudo2, K. Tsukada3, M. Asai3,
A. Toyoshima3 and Y. Nagame3

Since a transactinide element has a very short life and its production cross-section is very small, only a very
little quantity — usually one atom — is handled for a chemistry experiment at a time. To investigate thechemical property of such transactinide element, it is necessary that many repetition experiments in termsof a rapid chemistry method are performed until sufficient statistics are obtained. In other words, it takes
very long time to even one experimental condition. Thus, the off-line experiment using a light homologue
will be valid for an efficient on-line experiment. The aim of this work is to produce the non-carrier tracer
for carrying out the off-line chemical experiments.
For the chemistry experiments of Db, the radioactive isotopes 95gNb (T1/2 = 35 d) and 179Ta (T1/2 = 665 d)were selected as a tracer in consideration of whether measuring their gamma-ray (or x-ray) is possible andwhether the half life is long enough. The tracers were produced using the 96Zr(p, 2n)95gNb, 179Hf(p, n)179Ta
and 180Hf(p, 2n)179Ta reactions with the JAEA tandem accelerator. The natZr foils (13 mg cm–2 × 4) and the
Hf foils (33 mg cm–2 × 4) covered with aluminum foils were stacked and placed at the end of the R2 beamline. The two Zr foils were put on the beam upstream to make the proton energy the optimal to the intended
nuclear reactions. The proton beam energies on the Zr and Hf target were about 14 MeV and 11 MeV,
respectively, according to the energy loss calculation. The irradiation time was 17 hours, and the average
beam current was about 1.7 �A. The irradiated targets were brought to Niigata University after cooling
down the activity of the by-products such as 90gNb (T1/2 = 14.6 h), 92mNb (T1/2 = 10.15 d), and 96Nb (T1/2 =23.4 h). The activities of 95gNb and 179Ta were 1 MBq and 530 kBq, respectively, after 3 weeks from theend of bombardment. Those were enough to perform the experiment for a few months.
Each tracer nuclide was separated from the target material using an anion-exchange method. The target
foils were dissolved in 1 mL concentrated HF solution. After evaporation to dryness, the residue wasdissolved 1 mL 8 M HCl-2 M HF solution. The solution was introduced to the anion-exchange resin(Dowex 1x8 200–400 mesh, 8 mm i.d. × 60 mm). The bulk of Zr and Hf was eluted in the 8 M HCl-2 M
HF solution. Then, 2 M HNO3-0.1 M HF solution was fed onto the column to elute the niobium tracer. The
tantalum tracer was finally eluted in 2 M HNO3 solution. Each tracer fraction was dried and was dissolvedin conc. HF as stock solution. Using the prepared tracers, solvent extraction behavior of 5th-group elementswith Aliquat 336 (methyl-tri-octyl ammonium chloride) from hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acid solution
has been researched at Niigata University.

1

Center for Instrumental Analysis, Niigata University
Faculty of Science, Niigata University
3
Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA
2

- 73 -－ 73 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

4.5� Synthesis of water-soluble encapsulated-radioisotope fullerenes
K. Sueki1, K. Akiyama2, K. Tsukada3, M. Asai3, A. Toyoshima3 and Y. Nagame3

Water-soluble fullerene derivatives have been investigated to date mostly within the framework of
biological and medical applications. We investigate to trace the synthesis process of water-soluble
encapsulated-radioisotope fullerenes using the recoil of nuclear reaction.
In order to produce 75Se@C60[1] about 60 mg C60 fullerenes powder was mixed homogeneously with about
60 mg of As2O3 and used as the target material. Proton irradiation with beam energy of 13 MeV was
performed at the TANDEM. Radioisotopes of 75Se can be produced by 75As(p,n)75Se reaction. The beam
intensity was typically 1 �A and irradiation time was about 2 h. The irradiated fullerene samples weredissolved in CS2 after it was filtrated to remove insoluble materials through a membrance filter (pore size =0.2 �m). The separation of the 75Se@C60 from the solved sample was achieved by two steps HPLC which
are the HPLC processes on 5PBB and Buckyprep columns.
Toluene solutions of isolated 75Se@C60 with C60 were vigorously vibrated with saturation KOH aq
containing few drops of TBAH (10 % in water) as catalyst at room temperature. The sharking times were 5- 480 minutes. The reaction mixture was filtrated by 0.2 �m PTFE filter. The precipitate was rinsed withmethanol to ensure the removal of the catalyst and KOH. The rinsed precipitate was dissolved in 3 mL
distilled water for 7 hours. The resultant brown solution was the passed down a Sephadex G25
size-exclusion gel chromatography column using distilled water as the eluent. All products of reaction
process were traced 264.7 keV �-emission of 75Se by an HPGe detector.
We obtained which the activity ratios of 75Se in three phases (Organic phase, KOH aq. phase, andprecipitate) as function of sharking time as shown in Fig.1, and which the fraction yields (75Se@C60
fraction in 21 - 60 drops and small molecule fraction in 61 – 100 drops) of 75Se in dissolved precipitate
through a Sephadex G25 as function time of sharking time as shown in Fig. 2. The sharking time waschanged the distributions of the activity to a KOH aq. phase and precipitate. As sharking time is long, theactivity exists in the KOH phase, and the fraction yields of 75Se@C60 increased. These results suggest thechemical behavior corresponded to the 153Sm@C82 data[2].

12
3

University of Tsukuba

Tokyo Metropolitan University

Japan Atomic Energy Agency- 74 -－ 74 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

�

�

��

Precipitate������
������������������
��������������

���

���

���

���

���

���

���

���

�

�
�

��

���

�������������

�

����

��

���

����

�������������

Fig. 1 Tthe activity ratios of 75Se in three phases as

Fig. 2 The fraction yields of 75Se in dissolved

a function of sharking time.

precipitate through a Sephadex G25 as a functionof sharking time.

References[1] K. Sueki et al., JAEA-Tokai TANDEM Annu. Rep. 2006, JAEA-Review 2007-046(2008)68-69[2] K. Sueki and Y. Iwai, J. Radianal. Nucl. Chem. 272 (2007) 505-509.

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

CHAPTER 5
Nuclear Theory

5.1� Non-monotonic evolution of the shell gap beyond N=28 caused by the interplay
�between central and tensor forces
5.2� Single-particle levels of spherical nuclei in the superheavy nuclear mass region
5.3

New formulation of incomplete and complete fusion cross sections with the CDCC
method5.4� Equation of state of low-density nuclear matter at finite temperature- 77 － 77 －This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2009-036

5.1

Non-monotonic evolution of the shell gap beyond N=28 caused by the interplay
between central and tensor forces
Y. Utsuno1, T. Otsuka2, B.A. Brown3, M. Honma4 and T. Mizusaki5

Evolution of the shell structure far off the stability line has recently been a major topic in the study of
nuclear structure. It has a direct impact on the property of nuclei: nuclear stability, level density, shape, etc.
Thus, understanding how the shell structure behaves in unknown regions is also important from theviewpoint of application of nuclear physics such as atomic energy and nuclear astronomy. The potential
model such as the Woods-Saxon potential has been successful [1] in describing the evolution of the shellstructure mainly near the stability line, giving a mild change of the shell structure. On the other hand, very
sharp shell evolution has been known in very neutron-rich regions recently. The disappearance of the N=20
magic number and appearance of a new N=16 magic number is a good example.
To understand the situation, we proposed the shell evolution due to the property of effective interaction [2].
The monopole interaction, a mean attraction or repulsion between designated two orbits, differs from one
another, causing the sensitivity of the shell gap to the location of the Fermi surface. In particular, it waspointed out that the tensor force is responsible for spin direction [3].
Based on the idea above, we constructed a new shell-model interaction for the full sd-pf shell space. The
cross-shell interaction, connecting two nucleons in sd and pf shells, is the newly developed part. The tensor
force is the ��� meson exchange potential, which works well with a mean-field calculation [3]. The central
force of the present interaction is determined so as to fit the central part of the GXPF1 interaction [4] byadjusting the strength of a Gaussian force. Without any direct fitting to experiment, the present interaction
has been very successful in describing the evolution of shell structure from N=20 to 28 including the sharp
lowering of the 1/2+ in K isotopes. This is accounted for by the monopole interaction between 0d3/2 and
0f7/2 much stronger than that of 1s1/2 and 0f7/2 both in the tensor part and in the central part.
The present interaction predicts an interesting evolution of the shell gap beyond N=28. Here, since theFermi surface rises to 1p3/2, the monopole interactions of interest are that of 0d3/2 and 1p3/2 and that of 1s1/2
and 1p3/2. The tensor force plays a minor role because it is small for low-l orbit. Thus, the evolution of the
1/2+ beyond N=28 must be dominated by the central force. The monopole interaction by the central force ismost attractive between orbits with the same node, thus more favoring attraction between 1s1/2 and 1p3/2. As
a result, it is predicted that the 1/2+ of K isotopes turns up beyond N=28 as shown in Fig. 1. This
non-monotonic behavior of the shell gap cannot be given by the potential picture.
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
University of Tokyo
3
Michigan State University
4
University of Aizu
5
Senshu University
2- 79 -－ 79 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

Unfortunately, the spins and parities of K isotopes beyond N=28 have not been measured yet. In Fig. 2, theenergy levels of 48K, only the energy level available beyond N=28, are compared between an experiment(performed by T. Ishii et al. with the JAEA Tandem) [5] and the present calculation. The observed fourlevels appear to correspond to 2-, 2-, 3-, and 5+ from the lowest. Since the � ray from the 728 keV state (seeFig. 2) to the ground state was not observed, 1- is more likely to be the ground state from the � rayexperiment. On the other hand, from a � decay experiment 2- is more likely. This contradiction can be
resolved if the M1 decay from the 3- to the 2- ground state is strongly hindered. It comes true if the former
is the pure �(0d3/2)-1�(1p3/2)1 and the latter is �(1s1/2)-1�(1p3/2)1. Although the actual calculation gives aB(M1; 3- to 2-) which is not sufficiently small to account for the experiment, this direction seems to bepromising to explain the confusing situation.

3
2

Ex (MeV)++E(1/2 1) - E(3/2 1) (MeV)

3

1
0

5

2

+

1

1

0

-

-1

20

22

24

26

N

28

30

3
2
2

32
0

Exp.

-

1

-

-

Calc.

+

Fig. 1 Evolution of the 1/2 1 state of K
isotopes as a function of the neutron number.
The circles are experimental data, and the line
shows the shell-model result.

Fig. 2 Comparison of energy levels between
experiment (Exp.) and the present calculation(Calc.) for 48K.

References[1] A. Bohr and B.R. Mottelson, Nuclear Structure, vol. 1, Benjamin, New York (1969).
[2] T. Otsuka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 87 (2001) 082502-1-4.
[3] T. Otsuka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 95 (2005) 232502-1-4.
[4] M. Honma et al., Phys. Rev. C, 69 (2004) 034335-1-34.
[5] T.W. Burrows (ed.), Nuclear Data Sheets, 107 (2006) 1747-1922.

- 80 -－ 80 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

5.2

Single-particle levels of spherical nuclei in the superheavy nuclear mass region
H. Koura1

A nucleus is a composite system consisting of protons and neutrons, and approximately 3000 nuclides havebeen identified [1]. However, the existence of much more nuclides is postulated theoretically [2]. How far
the area of nuclei extends is an essential and important question in nuclear physics. On theoretical
determination of the area, estimation of doubly-magic shell gap of superheavy nuclei is one of the mostimportant key points.
We have developed a spherical single-particle potential applicable to a global nuclear mass region [3].
This is a modified Woods-Saxon-like potential with five parameters expressed as a function of proton
number Z and neutron number N.

This potential has two additional parameters compared to the

Woods-Saxon potential, which makes a dip near the surface of a nucleus and broadens the potential shapeoutside the surface. Obtained single-particle levels give good agreement with the experimental data of
doubly-magic or magic-submagic nuclei in the wide nuclear mass region ranging from 4He, 8He, 16O to132

Sn and 208Pb. This single-particle potential also provides nuclear ground-state shell energies in the

KTUY mass model, which gives a RMS deviation of 680 keV from experimental masses and those of
approximately 300 keV from one- or two-neutron separation energies [3]. By using this single-particle
potential, we estimate the single-particle levels of unknown spherical superheavy nuclei.
Fig. 1 and 2 show the single-particle levels of spherical nuclei in the superheavy nuclear mass region. All
the shape of the nuclei are almost spherical by a prediction from the KTUY ground-state calculation [4].
In the neutron single-particle levels in Fig. 1, considerably large gaps of N=126 (208Pb126, known), 164(256U164), 184 (298114184) , 228 (354126228), and 308 (472164308) are shown as the Fermi levels. These four
nuclei except 256U164 are estimated to be located on the beta-stability of the KTUY mass calculation [5].
Regarding the neutron case in fig. 2, the gaps of Z=82 (208Pb126, known), 92 (256U164), 114 (298114184) and
164 (472164308) are also shown, but the neighboring levels generally disperse and consequently the Fermi
gaps themselves are not so notable. In the case of 354126228, The Z=126 gap almost disappears.
References[1] T. Horiguchi, T. Tachibana, H. Koura and J. Katakura, Chart of the Nulcides 2004, Japanese Nuclear
Data Committee and Nuclear Data Canter, Japan Atomic Energy Rsearch Institute (2005).
[2] H. Koura, T. Tachibana, BUTSURI (the bulletin of the Physical Society of Japan), 60 (2005) 717-724.
[3] H. Koura and M. Yamada, Nucl. Phys., A671 (2000) 96-118.
[4] H. Koura, T. Tachibana, M. Uno and M. Yamada, Prog. Theor. Phys., 113 (2005) 305-325.
[5] H. Koura, T. Tachibana, BUTSURI (the bulletin of the Physical Society of Japan), 60 (2005) 717-724.

1Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 81 -－ 81 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

452

Single Particle Energy (MeV)

354
208
256
126228 472164308 4d3/2
4
Pb126
U164 298114184
5s1/2
3f5/2
3f5/2
2
2h
4d5/2
9/2
4p1/2
2g7/2
2i11/2
3d3/2
4p1/2
4p3/2
3d3/2
0
4p
2h
3/2
3g
9/2
9/2
184
4s1/2
2g7/2
3f7/2
3f7/2
2i13/23d5/2 1844s
228 1k1/2
308 4p-22h11/2
17/2
1/2
1j15/23d5/2
228
1k
1L19/2
1j13/217/2
1i11/2 164 1j-4
15/2
1j13/2
3f5/2
184 2h11/2
2g9/2
2g9/2
4p3/2
126
3d3/2
3d3/2
3p1/2
-6
1k15/2
1i11/24s1/2
4s1/2
2f5/2 126
3p1/2
228
3d
3fh7/22g7/2
5/2
3p3/2 164
-8
3p3/2
2g
3d5/2 164
7/2
216 2h9/2
1i13/2
2f5/2
2g9/2
2g9/2
2h11/2
-10
2f7/2
2f7/2
1j15/2
1j15/2126
4s1/2
1i13/21h9/2
1i11/2
1i11/2-12 (exp.) 82
1k17/2
1p3/2
1h9/2
3p1/2
82
3d3/2
3s
3p
3p
1/2
3/2
3/2
3s1/2
-14
2d
1j
2f
2f
3/2
13/2
5/2
5/2
2d3/2
3d5/2
2d5/2
2f
2f
1h
7/2
7/2
11/2
-16
2g
1i
1h

1i13/2

11/2

Neutron2007.3.5

7/2

13/2

Calulated with KY potential(Koura et al., NPA671 (2000) 96)

Figure 1: Neutron single-particle levels for spherical superheavy nuclei

Single Particle Energy (MeV)

208
4
Pb126
2
3p1/2
0
3p3/2
114 2f5/2-2
1i13/2
2f7/2
-4
1h9/2
82
-6
3s1/2
2d3/2
-8
1h11/2-102d5/2-12 (exp.) 50 1g7/2-14-16

2007.3.5

256

298

U164

114184

1j15/22g9/2
1i11/2
126
3p1/2
3p3/2
2f5/2
114
2f7/2
92 1i13/2
1h9/2
82
3s1/2
2d3/2
1h11/2

126
114
92
82

Proton354

1262281i11/2
3p1/2
3p3/2
2f5/2
2f7/2
1i13/2
1h9/2
3s1/2
2d3/2
2d5/2
1h11/2
1g7/2
2p1/2
1g9/2

2g7/2

114

2g9/2
1j15/2
1i11/2
3p1/2
3p3/2
2f5/2

92

2f7/2
1i13/2

138
(126)

1h9/2
3s1/2
2d3/2
2d5/2
1h11/2308

3d5/2
1j13/22g7/2
164 2g9/2
1j15/2
154 3p1/2
3p3/2
1i11/22f5/2
2f7/2
1i13/2
92 1h
9/2
3s1/2
2d3/2
2d5/2
1h11/2

Calulated with KY potential(Koura et al., NPA671 (2000) 96)

Figure 2: Proton single-particle levels for spherical superheavy nuclei

－- 82
82 －

164

452
472164

JAEA-Review 2009-036

5.3

New formulation of incomplete and complete fusion cross sections
with the CDCC method
S. Hashimoto1, K. Ogata2, S. Chiba1,3 and M. Yahiro2

As a high intensity neutron source, inclusive (d,n) reactions on 6,7Li targets will be used in the International
Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) [1]. Ye et al. [2] analyzed experimental data of the reactions
at energies below 50 MeV, and found that elastic breakup processes are not enough to reproduce the data
and the dominant contribution is the incomplete fusion process, where only a proton in the incident
deuteron is fused into the target and the other projectile fragment (neutron) is emitted. The result is very
interesting, and motivated us to construct a new method to evaluate the incomplete fusion cross section.
Since imaginary parts of p-Li and n-Li optical potentials Wc (c=p and n) describe absorption (fusion) of theparticle c, the total fusion cross section is given as� tot . fu . � � drp drn � * (rp , rn )(W p (rp ) � Wn (rn ))� (rp , rn ) �(1)where � is the wave function in the framework of the three-body system, and is the sum of the incomplete
fusion and the complete fusion, in which both p and n are fused into the target. Using an absorption radiusrcab, which is an effective range of Wc, the integration intervals in Eq. (1) can be divided into four regions
shown in Fig. 1. In the left-lower region, conditions rp < rpab and rn < rnab are satisfied, that is, p and n areabsorbed, and therefore the complete fusion cross section is evaluated by the integration over the region. In
the same way, the incomplete fusion cross sections in (d,n) and (d,p) are calculated by the integration over
the right-lower and left-upper regions, respectively.
We proposed the above new method to evaluate the complete and incomplete fusion cross sections, andperformed a calculation with � derived by using the continuum-discretized coupled-channel method(CDCC) [3] using CDCC codes [4]. In the CDCC calculation, parameterized optical potentials of Ref. [5]are used. The absorption radii rcab=4.0 fm are adopted satisfying the condition Wc(rcab) = Wc(0.0 fm)/10. In
Fig. 2, calculated cross sections of each fusion in the deuteron induced reaction on 7Li at incident energies
below 50 MeV are shown. The solid line represents the complete fusion, and the dotted and dot-dashedlines represent the incomplete fusions in (d,n) and (d,p), respectively. The elastic breakup cross section
obtained with the usual CDCC calculation is also shown by the dashed line. One sees from Fig. 2 that thecontribution of the (d,n) incomplete fusion is larger than that of the elastic breakup in the energy region
considered. Therefore, the incomplete fusion in (d,n) can be expected to play a major role in analyzing theinclusive (d,n) cross section. Of course, the elastic breakup process is not negligible, and actually theexperimental data of the double-differential cross section of inclusive (d,n) reaction on 7Li at 40 MeV are
reproduced well by the sum of the two contributions calculated with the Glauber model [6]. The complete
1Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Kyushu University
3
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan2- 83 -－ 83 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

fusion cross section has the major contribution in the deuteron induced reaction, and the energy dependence
is the same as that of the (d,n) incomplete fusion. Although the contribution of incomplete fusion in (d,p) islarge at high energies, the cross section decreases at low energies. The difference of the energy dependence
between the three fusion reactions is attributed to the p-Li and n-Li optical potentials.
We applied the new method to the analysis of the deuteron induced reaction on the 7Li target. In thecalculation, the effect of the deuteron breakup was taken into account explicitly by using the CDCC wave
function. We found that the complete fusion and the incomplete fusions are dominant processes except the(d,p) incomplete fusion at low energies, and the energy dependence of each fusion cross section is relatedwith that of the optical potential between the fragment and the target. Comparing the (d,n) and (d,p)
incomplete fusion cross sections of the new method with those of Glauber model [6], we find a good
agreement. The elastic breakup cross section at low energies is larger than that at high energies. Therefore,
the contribution might become significant at a few MeV, e.g., around the Coulomb barrier. In order toinvestigate the reaction mechanism in detail, the development of the formulation is necessary to calculate
the angular differential cross section or the energy spectrum of the reaction.

Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of divided
integration intervals corresponding to eachfusion reaction shown in each region.

Fig. 2 Complete and incomplete fusion crosssections of d on 7Li as a function of incident
energy EdL calculated with the new method.

References[1] H. Matsui, in Proceedings of the 23rd Symposium on Fusion Technology, Venice, Italy, 20-24 Sept.
(2004).
[2] T. Ye, Y. Watanabe, and K. Ogata, in Proceedings of the 2008 Symposium on Nuclear Data, Tokai,
Japan, 20-21 Nov. (2008), in press.
[3] M. Kamimura et al., Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. No. 89 (1986) 1.
[4] Y. Iseri et al., Bull. Res. Comput. Syst. Comput. Commun. Cent. Kyushu Univ. Vol. 5, No. 3, (2006)
117-134 (CDCDEU); Vol. 1, No. 1, (2007) 16-28 (HICADEU).
[5] T. Ye et al., Phys. Rev. C78 (2008) 024611.
[6] T. Ye, Y. Watanabe, and K. Ogata, Phys. Rev. C80 (2009) 014604.
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JAEA-Review 2009-036

5. 4

Equation of state of low-density nuclear matter at finite temperature
T. Maruyama1, S. Chiba1 and T. Tatsumi2

The equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter is an important quantity for astronuclear physics. It affects
the static properties of neutron stars and the dynamics of supernova explosions. For cold neutron stars,
matter concerned is in beta-equilibrium and the density ranges from ~�0 to several times �0, where �0�
denotes the normal nuclear density ~0.16 fm��. For supernova matter, the temperature can be up to several
tens MeV and the beta-equilibrium is not achieved. In other words the relevant condition for supernova
matter has much larger variety than neutron star matter. Therefore it is rather difficult to present atheoretical EOS in a systematical way. In this report we show our attempt to calculate the EOS (density
dependence of the pressure or energy) of nuclear matter at finite temperature T>0.
We employ a relativistic mean-field (RMF) plus the Thomas-Fermi model for nuclear matter, which canreproduces the saturation property of nuclear matter and properties of nuclei at T=0 [1]. The basic idea of
the RMF is that the nuclear interaction is provided by the coupling of baryons with mesons �,�,� whichobey the Kline-Gordon type equation of motion. To study matter at finite temperature, we leave equation of
motion for mesons as in the case of T=0. Only the momentum distribution of Fermions are modified to�f ( p; � , T ) � �1 � exp ��
�
�

2

2

� p � m � ��

�1�T �� � .
��

(1)

One should note that this distribution function affects the density and the scalar density of Fermions for agiven chemical potential ��as follows:

��2

�

d3 p

� (2� �)0f ( p; � , T ) ,3

�s � 2�d3 p

� (2� �)
0

3

mN
2

p � mN2f ( p; � , T ) ,(2)

First, let us show in Fig. 1 the pressure of uniform symmetric nuclear matter. Different gray scales indicate
different temperatures. The total pressure including baryonic and electronic contributions is always positiveand monotonically increases as the baryon density �B increases. The baryon partial pressure, on the other
hand, has generally two turning points, and between those points the gradient of PB versus �B becomes
negative, where uniform matter becomes unstable and non-uniform “pasta” structures [1,2,3] are expected
to appear.
To calculate structure and property of non-uniform matter, we divide the whole space into equivalent cellswith a geometrical symmetry, i.e. the Wigner-Seitz cells. In this approximation, we solve density profile ofbaryons, electrons and mesons in the Wigner-Seitz cell with an optimized size and employ the geometricaldimension of the cell which gives the minimum value of the free energy density. Fig. 2 shows typical
1
2Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Kyoto University- 85 -－ 85 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

density profiles of symmetric nuclear matter at temperatures T=10 MeV and T=0. First we note that pasta
structures appear also in the finite-temperature case. But above about T=15 MeV, matter becomes uniform
at any density. Second, baryon density in the dilute phase is positive with finite temperature, while at T=0
the dilute phase consists of only electron. Third the density profiles in both dense and dilute phases are flat.
This causes a less screening of the Coulomb interaction. The surface between two phases is more vague for
T=10 MeV. This causes weaker surface tension. Both the less screening and the weaker surface tension
make the size of nuclear pasta smaller [1]. One can see clearly the difference of structure size in Fig. 2.
Figure 3 shows the baryon partial pressure PB of symmetric nuclear matter versus baryon density �B. In
contrast with Fig. 1, pasta structures are considered in this case. One can see that pasta structures appear in
the density region where dPB/d�B or PB of uniform matter are negative. For example, �B <0.115 fm�� for
T=0 and 0.03 fm��<�B <0.068 fm�� for T=12 MeV.
Fig. 1 Pressure versus baryon density. The temperatures fromthe bottom are T=0, 8, 10 and 20 MeV. The dashed curvesindicate total pressure and the solid curves baryon partialpressure.

T=10 MeV

T=0

Fig. 2 Density profiles of symmetric nuclear matterin Wigner-Seitz cells at temperature T=10 MeV(left) and T=0 (right).

Fig. 3 Equation of state (pressure versus baryon
density) of symmetric nuclear matter at several
temperatures.

References[1] T. Maruyama et al, Phys. Rev., C73 (2006) 035802; T. Maruyama et al., Recent Res. Devel. Phys., 7(2006) 1.
[2] D. G. Ravenhall, C. J. Pethick and J. R. Wilson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 (1983) 2066.
[3] M. Hashimoto, H. Seki and M. Yamada, Prog. Theor. Phys. 71 (1984) 320.
- 86 -－ 86 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

CHAPTER 6
Atomic Physics and Solid State Physics

6.1

Coster-Kronig electrons from Nq+ Rydberg states produced in high-energy collisions
with He

6.2

Charge state distribution of sulfur ions after penetration of C-foil targets (VI)

6.3

Diffusion of 8Li short-lived radiotracer in NaTl-type intermetallic compound LiAl

6.4

Atomic and electronic structure modifications of copper-nitride films by ion impact
and phase separation

6.5

Decomposition of copper-nitride films by ion impact- 87 － 87 －This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2009-036

6.1

Coster-Kronig electrons from Nq+ Rydberg states producedin high-energy collisions with He
K. Kawatsura1,2, K. Takahiro2, M. Sataka3, M. Imai4, H. Sugai3,
K. Kawaguchi2, H. Shibata4 and K. Komaki5

High-Rydberg states in low-energy highly charged ions are produced by electron capture processes,
especially double electron capture (DEC). Most of the studies on DEC process have been made on He-likeions such as C4+ and O6+ [1,2] and N5+ [3]. Those from dielectronic recombination (DR) processes havebeen measured with modest resolution for Li-like ions such as C3+, F6+, Ne7+ and Ar15+. Coster-Kronig(C-K) electrons from 1s22pnl states were observed from DEC and DR processes. For high-energy collisions
with He, highly excited states are formed mainly by single-electron excitation of metastable 1s22s2p for
Be-like ions such as N5+, O4+ and S12+ [4-6]. We have found with high-resolution measurements that
1s22pnl states with relatively lower angular momenta are produced, while high angular momenta areproduced in DEC and DR processes. Recently, the DR spectra for Li-like and Be-like Nq+ (q=3,4) ions havebeen measured with high resolution at heavy-ion storage-ring [7,8]. In the present study, to compare with
the DR data [7,8] and previous results obtained from 32 MeV Oq+ + He [4,9], we have measured
Coster-Kronig electrons ejected at zero-degrees in 21 MeV N2+, 3+ + He and 14 MeV N+ + He collisions
with high resolution and systematically investigated high-Rydberg states of Be-like to B-like and C-like N
ions, where the highly excited states are formed by electron excitation/ionization.
The experiments were performed at the tandem accelerator facility at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency(JAEA) of Tokai. The Coster-Kronig electrons ejected at zero-degree in the beam direction were measured
using a tandem-type 45° parallel plate electron spectrometer. The primary Nq+ ion beams were produced byusing ECRTIS (Super-Nanogan) installed at the high-energy terminal of the tandem accelerator, and thenaccelerated up to 14 MeV for N+ and 21 MeV for N2+ and N3+ ions. The projectile Nq+ ions penetrated the
He gas target under single collision conditions. The beam currents were 0.3~10 nA and were collected in
the Faraday cup placed right after the spectrometer. All spectra were normalized to the same gas-cell target
pressure and ion charge.
We have measured for the first time C-K electrons ejected from high-Rydberg states produced inhigh-energy collisions of Nq+ (q=1-3) with He. Energy spectra of electrons ejected at zero degrees frommoving projectiles in collisions of 14-21 MeV Nq+ (q=1-3) + He are shown in Figs. 1-3. The representative
peaks are assigned to a series of 1s22p(2P)nl -1s22s(2S)�l’ (n=5-9) for N3+, 1s22s2p(3P)nl -1s22s2(1S)�l’(n=4-9) for N2+, and 1s22s2p2(4P)nl -1s22s22p(2P)�l’ (n=3-8) for N2+ ions, respectively.
1

Theoretical Radiation Research Laboratory
Kyoto Institute of Technology
3
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
4
Kyoto University
5
National Center for University Entrance Examinations
2- 89 -－ 89 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036
6n=5

7 8 9 ...

6

3+

21 MeV N + He
tp = 0.832 keVIntensity (arb.units)

Intensity(arb.unit)

3

2

1

0

5

n=4

5

6 78 ...

2+

21 MeV N + He
tp = 0.832 keV

4
3
2
1
0

0

5

10

15

0

20

5

10

Fig. 1 High-resolution Coster-Kronig electron
spectrum ejected at 0o from the moving projectile
in collisions of 21 MeV N3+ + He. Energy scalerefers to the projectile rest frame.

Fig. 2 High-resolution Coster-Kronig electron
spectrum ejected at 0o from the moving projectile
in collisions of 21 MeV N2+ + He. Energy scalerefers to the projectile rest frame.

Intensity (arb.units)5
n=3

4 5 6 ...

0

5+

14 MeV N + He
tp = 0.560 keV

3
2
1
0
10

15

20

Electron Energy (eV)Electron Energy (eV)

4

15

20

Electron Energy (eV)Fig. 3 High-resolution Coster-Kronig electron
spectrum ejected at 0o from the moving projectile
in collisions of 14 MeV N+ + He. Energy scalerefers to the projectile rest frame.

References[1] N. Stolterfoht et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 57 (1986) 74-77.
[2] F.W. Meyer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 60 (1988) 1821-1824.
[3] M. Mack and A. Niehaus, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B23 (1987) 116-119.
[4] K. Kawatsura et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B205 (2003) 528-532.
[5] M. Sataka et al., Phys. Rev., A65 (2002) 052704 (1-11).
[6] K. Kawatsura et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B267 (2009) 901-904.
[7] P. Glans et al., Phys. Rev., A64 (2001) 043609 (1-11).
[8] M. Fogle et al., Astronom. Astrophys., 442 (2005) 757-766.
[9] K. Kawatsura et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B245 (2006) 44-46.

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

6.2

Charge state distribution of sulfur ions after penetration of C-foil targets (VI)M. Imai1, M. Sataka2, H. Sugai2, K. Kawatsura3,4, K. Takahiro3,
K. Komaki5, K. Nishio2 and H. Shibata1

Charge state is one of the most important aspects to study ion-solid interactions. Various processes, such as
electron capture, ionization and excitation of projectile and/or target electrons, and the consequent
phenomena like energy deposition into the target, i.e. stopping of projectile, are closely related with the
projectile charge state and its evolution in the target. Equilibrium charge state distributions of various
projectiles after passing gaseous or solid target have been extensively investigated and compiled [1],although the charge state distribution somewhat changes upon exiting the target foil. As has been presented
in the previous annual reports [2], we measured the exit charge state distributions for penetrations of S6+
��S14+ ions through C-foil targets of 0.9 ��10 �g/cm2 in thickness and performed calculations by ETACHA
code [3] to succeed in reproducing the experimental results, although ETACHA has been designed forhigher energy region (>10MeV/u) [4]. We have also started another simulation for Sq+ ion fractions, inwhich the electron transfer cross sections � qq ' are calculated with codes applicable to the present collisionenergy [5]. In this report, results of our extensive measurements on higher charge state projectiles (S15+and�S16+) at 2.0 MeV/u are presented.

The present experiments were performed at the LIR1–3 beam line of the 20UR Tandem Accelerator Facility.
A beam of 2.0 MeV/u (64 MeV) S7+ ions was provided from the tandem accelerator within 0.1% of energy
accuracy, using a calibrated energy analyzing magnet. A post-stripper C-foil of ~20 �g/cm2 in thickness
was placed after the energy analyzing magnet to produce higher charge state projectile ions. The energy
losses at the post-stripper foil were estimated to be at most 0.7% by our separate measurement of cusp
electron energies with zero-degree electron spectroscopy [6]. The primary S7+ or post-stripped Sq+ (q = 15,
16) ion beam was directed by a switching magnet to a self-support carbon target foil of 0.9, 1.1, 1.5, 2.0,
3.0, 4.7, 6.9, 10, 54, 98, 150 or 200 �g/cm2 in thickness. The charge state distributions after foil penetration
were measured using the heavy ion magnetic spectrometer ENMA and a position-sensitive gas chamber
detector. The vacuum condition inside the spectrometer was maintained below 10�6 Pa to eliminate thebackground charge exchange collisions with residual gas, which was confirmed by measurements without
target foil.
Measured charge state fractions for 2.0 MeV/u S15+ and�S16+ ion incidences are shown in Fig. 1. The
statistical errors are less than 1% for almost all the points. Typical total error values are estimated as 20%
for the smallest fractions around 1.0 � 10

�5and less than 0.5% for the largest fractions around 0.3.

1

Kyoto University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
3
Kyoto Institute of Technology
4
Theoretical Radiation Research Laboratory
5
National Center for University Entrance Examinations2- 91 -－ 91 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

1E+0
1E-1

Fraction

1E-2
1E-3
1E-4
1E-5

(a) S15+

1E-6

1E+0

0

2

4

6

8

10
16+
15+

1E-1

14+

Fraction

1E-2

13+

1E-3

12+

1E-4

11+
10+

1E-5

9+

1E-6

(b) S16+

1E-7
0.1

1

10

100

8+
7+

1000
100

Target Thickness (�g/cm2)
Fig. 1

Charge state evolution for 2.0 MeV/u (a) S15+ and (b) S16+ projectiles penetrated throughC-foil targets of 0.9, 1.1, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.7, 6.9, 10, 54, 98, 150 and 200 �g/cm2 in thickness.

References[1] A. B. Wittkower and H. D. Betz, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 5 (1973) 113����; K. Shima et al., ibid. 51(1992) 173����; K. Shima et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B33 (1988) 212����.
[2] M. Imai et al., JAEA-Review 2007-046 (2008) 87���; 2008-054 (2008) 89���.
[3] J. P. Rozet et al., J. Phys. B22 (1989) 33���; Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B107 (1996) 67���.
[4] M. Imai et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B230 (2005) 63���.
[5] M. Imai et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B256 (2007) 11���.
[6] M. Sataka et al., Phys. Rev. A65 (2002) 052704 (11 pp.); M. Imai et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res.,
B67 (1992) 142����.

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

6.3

Diffusion of 8Li short-lived radiotracer in NaTl-type intermetallic compound LiAl
H. Sugai1, M. Sataka1, S. Okayasu1, S. Ichikawa1, K. Nishio1, S. Mitsuoka1, T. Nakanoya1,
S.C. Jeong,2 I. Katayama2, H. Kawakami2, Y.X. Watanabe2, H. Ishiyama2,
N. Imai2, Y. Hirayama2, H. Miyatake2, T. Hashimoto3 and M. Yahagi3

Non-destructive and on-line Li diffusion experiments in Li-ionic conductors are conducted using ashort-lived �-emitting radiotracer of 8Li. Lithium-8 decays through �-emission to 8Be with a half lifetimeof 0.84 s, which immediately breaks up into two �-particles with energies broadly distributed around 1.6
MeV with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.6 MeV. The radiotracer of 8Li produced as anenergetic and pulsed ion beam from TRIAC (Tokai Radioactive Ion Accelerator Complex) is implanted intoa structural defect mediated Li-ionic conductor LiAl. The experimental time spectra of the yields of
�-particles are compared with simulated results and Li diffusion coefficients in LiAl are extracted with anaccuracy less than a few percentage [1]. The diffusion coefficients obtained for well characterized LiAl
crystals [2] with Li content of 48.5 at.% are presented and discussed in terms of the interaction between
Li-ions and the structural defects in the specimen.
The crystal structure of LiAl in �-phase is NaTl-type (Zintl phase) [2], which is composed of two
interpenetrating diamond sublattices such that each atom has eight nearest neighbors: four like and four
unlike atoms. The characteristic defect structure of the compound consists of two types of defects at room
temperature, i.e. vacancies in the Li sublattice (VLi) and Li antistructure atoms in the Al sublattice (LiAl).
The concentrations of point defects, [VLi] and [LiAl], strongly depend on Li content; with increasing the Licontent from 48 to 56 at.%, [VLi] decreases from 3.5 to 0.2 at.%, while [LiAl] increases from 0 to 5.4 at.%.
The Li vacancy, VLi is the dominant defect for the Li-deficient region, though LiAl is dominant for theLi-rich region. The coexistent VLi with LiAl is expected to form VLi-LiAl complex defects as reported for thedefect structure [2], which would play an important role in reducing the strain energy caused by the point
defects in the real crystal. Especially, almost the same amount of VLi as LiAl is realized around the Licontent of 51 at.%. As mentioned above, we can control the Li-vacancy concentration which is a dominant
path for the Li diffusion in LiAl [2,4] with changing the Li content. Thus LiAl provides a useful andsuitable field to study the Li diffusion mechanism in Li-ionic conductors, which are key materials for
Li-ion batteries.
As shown in Fig. 1, the electrical resistivity of LiAl deceases monotonically with decreasing thetemperature from 297.5 K to 10 K except around 100 K. The sudden decrease in resistivity around 100 K
suggested the ordering of vacancies [3]. On the basis of the features of resistivities [2, 3], the Li content of
48.5 at.% and the vacancy content of 3.1 at.% were determined. Figure 2 shows the temperature ( T )dependence of Li diffusion coefficients for the specimen. The Li diffusion coefficient decreases linearly1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK
3
Aomori University
2- 93 -－ 93 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

with increasing 1/T. The activation energy is 0.155 ± 0.016 eV, which is derived from an Arrhenius
relation between diffusion coefficients and 1/T. On the other hand, the activation energies for LiAl of 48.3
at.% and 49.4 at.% Li by means of the NMR study [4] over a temperature range of 297 K to 370 K are
0.128 ± 0.003 and 0.121 ± 0.002 eV, respectively. There is no structural change like a vacancy-ordering in
LiAl at the temperatures below 700 K except around 100 K [5], thus we supposed the Arrhenius relation in
the temperature range of 297 K to 573 K in which we derived the diffusion coefficients. In order to makeclear the above discrepancy in activation energy, we need the further systematic study on the correlation
between the Li content and the temperature dependence of Li diffusion coefficient.
�����������������������

������������� �����

��������������������������������������������������

�������������� �

� ��

����
����
����
����
����
����
���

���

���

���

���

�

��

��

�� �� �����

Fig. 1 Temperature dependence of electricalresistivity for LiAl of 48.5 at.% Li.

���

���

Fig. 2 Temperature dependence of the
diffusion coefficients for LiAl of 48.5 at.% Liat 298 K, 423 K and 573 K.

References[1] S.C.Jeong et al., J. Phase Equilib. diff. 26 (2005) 472-476; Nucl. Instrum. and Methods Phys. Res.,
B 230 (2005) 596-600; Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 47 (2008) 6413-6415.
[2] H. Sugai et al.,Phys. Rev. B 52 (1995) 4050-4059.
[3] K. Kuriyama et al.,Phys. Rev. B 52 (1995) 3020-3022.
[4] J.C. Tarczon et al., Mater. Sci. and Eng., A 101 (1988) 99-108.
[5] H. Sugai, Solid State Ionics 177 (2007) 3507-3512.

- 94 -－ 94 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

6.4� Atomic and electronic structure modifications of copper nitride films
by ion impact and phase separation
N. Matsunami1, M. Sataka2, H. Sugai2, S. Okayasu2, H. Kakiuchida3 and M. Tazawa3

We have studied atomic- and electronic-structure modifications of Cu3N films under high-energy ion
impact. The films are known to thermally decompose at 250-470 ºC and X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak ofmetallic Cu appears [1]. There is, however, no report on ion irradiation effects on Cu3N films. It is ofinterest whether the ion-induced decomposition occurs or not, as well as ion-induced modifications ofatomic and electronic structures. The results are compared with those by low-energy ions [2].
Cu3N films were prepared on R-cut-Al2O3 substrates at 250 ºC by using a RF-magnetron-sputter deposition
method with Cu target (99.99 % purity) and pure N2 gas of ~2 Pa. [2]. Films have (100) orientation of cubic
structure (Fig. 1). The lattice parameter averaged over 20 unirradiated samples is obtained to be 0.3831 nm(sample variation of 0.4 %). This is larger by 0.4 % than the bulk value of 0.3815 nm [1, 3] and agrees withthe value of films [4]. According to Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) of 1.8 MeV He, with the
stopping powers [5] and the film density of 5.4x1022 Cu cm-3 (6.12 gcm-3), the composition is nearlystoichiometric and the film thickness is ~0.2 and ~0.1 µm for high- and low-energy ion irradiation.
After 100 MeV Xe+11 ion impact at 1x1014 cm-2, Cu3N XRD peaks disappear and a hump due to Cu XRD
appears at the diffraction angle of ~50 º (Fig. 1). A Cu XRD peak more clearly appears for 100 keV Ne+ ion
impact at ~1015 cm-2. These results lead to Cu phase separation by ion impact. Here, the temperature rise isestimated to be ~20 ºC for both 100 MeV Xe ion with ~1 nA and 100 keV Ne with ~1 µA [6] and thus thetemperature under the ion impact is much lower than that of the thermal decomposition. The latticecompaction of ~0.5 % and 1.8 % is observed at 1012 (100 MeV Xe) and 1015 (100 keV Ne) cm-2.
The electrical resistivity measured at room temperature is shown in Fig. 2. For 100 MeV Xe+11 ion impact,
the resistivity (~10 �cm before the ion impact) slightly increases at ~1012 cm-2 and decreases by more than
five order of magnitude at the fluence < 1014 cm-2, where no Cu phase separation is observed. For further
ion impact (>1014 cm-2), XRD shows Cu phase separation and the resistivity further decreases. In the caseof 100 keV Ne ion impact, the resistivity decreases by more than four order of magnitude at ~1015 cm-2 (noCu phase separation) and for 1015 to 5x1016 cm-2 (Cu phase separation appears), the resistivity further
decreases by two order of magnitude. According to Hall measurements, the carrier density (~1019 cm-3 forunirradiated films) increases by ~104 after both ion impacts.
Fig. 3 shows optical absorption spectra. The oscillating structure seen in 0.2-0.6 µm is nearly independentof the film thickness and the mean of minimum and maximum absorption coefficients in the region of
0.35-0.5 µm is obtained as 3.7x105 cm-1, after subtracting the film-thickness-independent backgroundabsorbance of ~0.2 in 1 - 2.5 µm. It is found that the oscillation is disappearing after the Xe ion impact. A
preliminary bandgap of unirradiated film is obtained to be 1.4 eV and reasonably agrees with 1.3 to 1.24 eV
for stoichiometric films [7, 8]. The bandgap is reduced to 1.2 eV (inset in Fig. 3) and ~0.5 eV after the Xeion impact at 1.2x1012 and 2.2x1012 cm-2. For the films after Ne ion impact at 3x1014 cm-2, there seems to
be no absorption edge and hence the bandgap does not exist or extremely small.
As described above, reduction of Cu3N XRD intensity and the electrical resistivity, and modification of
optical absorption have been observed at fluence smaller than the Cu phase separation. Also, RBS shows_____________________________________________________________________
1
Division of Energy Science, EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University
2
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
3
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)95－ 95 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

that N atoms remain in the film after the ion impact, even though the accuracy (~30 %) is poor. Furthermore,
the erosion yield (i.e., decomposition yield, see [9] for details) is obtained as 511 for 99 MeV Xe(equilibrium charge of 25) with the fluence < 2x1012 cm-2, applying the carbon-foil collector method and 57
from the film thickness decrease for 100 keV Ne ion impact. The decomposition yields are much larger than
the sputtering yields based on the elastic collisions, even for low-energy ion (typically ~1). These alsosuggest that ion-induced decomposition of Cu3N occurs at the low ion fluence, i.e., N-release and Cu-enrich,though Cu XRD does not appear.

2� (DEG.)

10

-2

10

-3

100 keV Ne

2

10-4

x1/20
40

10-1

-5

10
0.001

50

Fig. 1 XRD patterns before and after 100 MeV
Xe+11 ion impact at 1x1014 cm-2. The peaks at~23 and 47 º correspond to Cu3N (100) and (200)diffraction, those at 26 and 53 º Al2O3, that at~50 º Cu(200). For visible clarity, XRD intensity
before the ion impact is sifted by 3 and that after
the ion impact is multiplied by 20.
Fig. 3 Optical absorption spectra of Cu3N films
unirradiated and irradiated with 100 MeV Xe+11
at 1.2x1012 cm-2. The inset illustrates square rootof absorbance times photon energy vs photon
energy for the bandgap determination before(1.4 eV) and after the Xe ion impact (1.2 eV).

0.01
0.1
1
10
100
15
-2
100 keV Ne FLUENCE ( 10 cm )Fig. 2 Electrical resistivity versus 100 MeV
Xe+11 (x) and 100 keV Ne (o, �) ion fluence.
5
4

4
unir.
3
2
Xe ir.

1
0
0.2

0.3

0.4

1/2

30

100 MeV Xe(ABS.*E)

Xe ir.

-2

cm )

1

100

ABSORBANCE

unir.

13

unir.

Al O (2-24)

3

5

Cu(200)

Cu3N(200)

10

0
20

RESISTIVITY (� cm )10

Al2O3(1-12)

XRD INTENSITY (a. u.)15

Cu3N(100)

100 MeV Xe FLUENCE ( 10
20

3

unir.

2

Xe ir.

1
0
1

2
3
ENERGY (eV)

0.5
0.6 0.7
0.8
WAVELENGTH ( � m )0.9

1

References[1] J. F. Pierson, Vacuum 66(2002)59.
[2] N. Matsunami, H. Kakiuchida, M. Tazawa, M. Staka, H. Sugai, S. Okayasu, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B(in print 2009).
[3] JCPDS Card number 21156.
[4] C. G.-Vega, W. Cruz, Appl. Surf. Sci. 252(2006)8001.
[5] J.F. Ziegler, J.P. Biersack and U. Littmark, The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids,
Pergamonn Press, New York (1985).
[6] N. Matsunami, T. Yajima, H. Iwahara, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B65(1992)278.
[7] S. Ghosh, F. Singh, D. Choudhary, et al. Surf. Coat. Technol. 142-144(2001)1034.
[8] F. Fendrych, L. Soukup, L. Jastrabik, et al. Diamond Rel. Mater. 8(1999)1715.
[9] N. Matsunami, M. Sataka, S. Okayasu, H. Sugai, JAEA-Tokai Tandem Annual Report 2008,
JAEA-Review 2009-036(2009)97-98

96－ 96 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

6.5� Decomposition of copper nitride films by ion impact
N. Matsunami1, M. Sataka2, S. Okayasu2 and H. Sugai2

We have studied modifications of copper nitride (Cu3N) films on R-cut-Al2O3 substrates under high-energy
ion impact and found decomposition at low ion fluence (<1012 cm-2) followed by Cu phase separation,
reduction of the electrical resistivity by six order of magnitude and optical absorption modifications such as
reduction of the bandgap ( [1,2]). We also find a remarkably large decomposition yield of Cu and N atoms
by ion impact and this is non-thermal process, since the macroscopic temperature rise under ion impact ismuch lower than the thermal decomposition temperature of 250-470 ºC [3]. In this section, thedecomposition yields are described for various high-energy ions and compared with decomposition by
low-energy ions. We discuss contributions of the electronic and nuclear stopping powers to thedecomposition yields, difference and similarity between decomposition and sputtering.
In the case of high-energy ion impact, carbon (C)-foil (100 nm) collector method with Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) of 1.8 MeV He+ ions using the stopping powers [4] was applied to analyze
Cu released from Cu3N films [5]. One sees in Fig. 1 that the amount of Cu in the C-foil is proportional tothe ion fluence up to �M (Table 1). From the linear relationship, the release yield of Cu per ion is reduced
using the C-foil collection efficiency of Cu (0.3), then the decomposition yield is deduced by multiplying itby 4/3, assuming stoichiometric decomposition. The results are summarized in Table 1. Since ions hit thefilms after pass through C-foil, the energy loss of ions in the C-foil is subtracted and the equilibrium charge
state is assumed for further analysis and discussion. It is noticed that �M is much smaller than the fluence
for Cu phase separation. For the fluence > �M, the amount of Cu shows strange behavior, i.e., it is smaller
than that expected from the linear relationship mentioned above. It could be due to release of Cu by
incident ions and saturation of Cu in the C-foil. It appears that decomposition yields scale with theelectronic stopping power Se as shown in Fig. 2 and is fitted to (2.6 Se)1.6. These results indicate that theelectronic excitations are dominant in the decomposition for high-energy ion impact. It is also noticed thatthe decomposition yields by high-energy ions are comparable with the electronic sputtering yields of SiO2,
in contrast with the suggested bandgap dependence [5], knowing that the bandgap of Cu3N (~1.4 eV) is
much smaller than that of SiO2 (8.3 eV). These imply that decomposition mechanism might be different
from that of the sputtering due to electronic excitations.
For the low-energy (100 keV Ne+ and N+) ion impact, the decomposition yields were directly obtained
from the film thickness decrease analyzed by means of RBS, as given in Table 1. The decrease in the film
thickness appears to be linear to the fluence up to the fluence comparable with that for Cu phase separation,in contrast with the case of the high-energy ion impacts. The contribution of the electronic excitation isestimated as ~1, using the relation mentioned above and thus the elastic collisions are dominant in thedecomposition yields by low-energy ions. However, they do not simply scale with the nuclear stopping
powers. Furthermore, the decomposition yields by low-energy ions are much larger than the usual
sputtering yields of ceramics by 100 keV Ne, e.g., 1.57 (Cu2O [5]), 0.4 (Si3N4 [6]) and 0.37 (AlN [7]),unless the surface binding energy of Cu3N is smaller by an order of magnitude than that of these ceramics(several eV). This is another reason that the release of Cu3N by ion impact is called decomposition in order
to distinguish the sputtering based on the elastic collision cascades.
In many cases, the incident charge of high-energy ions differs from the equilibrium charge. It is of interest
whether square of charge dependence via electronic stopping holds or not for the electronic excitation
effects. According to preliminary results, the decomposition yield under 90 MeV Ni+10 (non-equilibrium_____________________________________________________________________
1
Division of Energy Science, EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University
2
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

97－ 97 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

charge) ion impact is obtained as ~1/3 of that under 89 MeV Ni ion impact with the equilibrium charge.
This ratio is larger than 1/8 estimated from the square of charge dependence of Se and Se1.6 described above((19/10)2x1.6 =7.8). Depth dependence of charge, effective length attaining equilibrium charge and theireffects on decomposition as well as decomposition mechanism is under investigation.
Table 1 Equilibrium charge Qe, electronic (Se) and nuclear (Sn) stopping powers in Cu3N (keV/nm),
projected range, Rp (µm) [4], film thickness d (µm), decomposition yield YD. �M and �PS (1014 cm-2) are
the maximum fluence for decomposition yield measurements and the fluence of Cu phase separation. The
values in the parentheses are Se and Sn averaged over the film thickness for low-energy ions.
Ions
198 MeV Xe
99 MeV Xe
89 MeV Ni
60 MeV Ar
100 keV Ne
100 keV N

Qe

Se

Sn

30
25
19
13

26.13
21.67
14.53
8.621
0.289(0.296)
0.363(0.378)

0.116
0.204
0.03210.0142
0.236(0.366)
0.106(0.171)

198
MeV
Xe

14

2

99 MeV Xe

89 MeV Ni
1

0

DECOMPOSITION YIELD

10-2

Cu ATOMS IN C-FILM (10 cm )3

Cu

60 MeV Ar

0

2
4
6
12
-2
ION FLUENCE (10 cm )

Rp

d

YD

�M

11
7.0
9.6
9.2
0.12
0.15

~0.2
~0.2
~0.2
~0.2
0.1
0.1

978
511
342
142
57
12

0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02

1
10
40

4
1.6

(2.6S )e10

3

198 MeV Xe
89 MeV Ni

102

S

Fig. 1 Cu in carbon-foil collector vs ion
fluence for 198 MeV Xe (�), 99 MeV Xe (x),89 MeV Ni (o) and 60 MeV Ar (�) ion impacts
on Cu3N films.

99 MeV Xe

60 MeV Ar

101

8

�PS

10
(keV/nm)100eFig. 2 Decomposition yields of Cu3N films perion by high-energy ion impact vs electronic
stopping power Se (keV/nm).

References[1] N. Matsunami, H. Kakiuchida, M. Tazawa, M. Staka, H. Sugai, S. Okayasu, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B(in print 2009).
[2] N. Matsunami, M. Sataka, H. Sugai, S. Okayasu et. al., JAEA-Tokai TANDEM Annual Report 2008,
JAEA-Review 2009-036(2009)95-96[3] J. F. Pierson, Vacuum 66(2002)59.
[4] J.F. Ziegler, J.P. Biersack and U. Littmark, The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids,
Pergamonn Press, New York (1985).
[5] N. Matsunami, M. Sataka, S. Okayasu, N. Ishikawa, M. Tazawa, H. Kakiuchida, Nucl. Instrum.
Meth. B266(2008)2986.
[6] N. Matsunami, M. Sataka, S. Okayasu, M. Tazawa, Nucl. Instrm. Meth. B256(2007)333.
[7] N. Matsunami, T. Shimura, M. Tazawa, et. al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B257(2007)433.

98－ 98 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

CHAPTER 7
Radiation Effects in Materials

7.1

Modification of magnetic properties of FeRh bulk alloys by energetic heavy ion
irradiation

7.2

Effects of swift heavy ion irradiation on the structure of Er-doped CeO2

7.3

Study on semiconductor device process by high energy ion implantation

7.4

Morphological and compositional change in FePt nanogranular thin films irradiatedwith swift heavy ions

7.5

Transport properties of (�-FeSi2) thin films

7.6

Irradiation effect on Ag-zeolite

7.7Study of electronic excitation effects on the microstructural evolution in UO2

7.8

Microstructure observations and distribution of chemical compositions of metal
precipitates in Zircaloy-2

7.9- Distribution of Si in Zircaloy-2 –Study on irradiation behavior of reactor pressure vessel steels by using high-energy
heavy-ion irradiation

7.10

Damage recovery of radiation damage in CeO2 created by electronic energy
deposition

7.11

Study of spatial distribution of chemical damages by ion beams using dynamic
nuclear polarization- 99 － 99 －This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2009-036

7.1� Modification of magnetic properties of FeRh bulk alloys
by energetic heavy ion irradiation
S. Kosugi1, Nao. Fujita1, N. Ishikawa2, Y.Saito2, T. Matsui1 and A. Iwase1

In our previous reports, we have shown that irradiation with several ions with the energies of 100-200MeV
induces the ferromagnetic state in Fe-50at.%Rh alloy at low temperatures[1,2]. In this report, we show thatthe low temperature ferromagnetic state in Fe-50at.%Rh bulk alloy is induced by the energy deposition
through the elastic collisions, and that the energetic ion irradiation is a useful tool for the modification ofmagnetic properties of Fe-50at.%Rh alloy.
Specimens of Fe-50at.%Rh with the dimension of 5x5x0.2 mm3 were irradiated at room temperature with
60MeV Xe ions and 200MeV Xe ions by using a tandem accelerator at JAEA-Tokai. For 10 MeV I ion
irradiation, a tandem accelerator at JAEA-Takasaki was also used. Before and after the irradiation, themagnetization of the specimens was measured as a function of external magnetic field. The scanning rangeof the applied magnetic field was from -6000 to 6000Oe and the measurement temperature was 20K.
Fig.1 shows the magnetic moment-magnetic filed curves for FeRh specimens irradiated with 60 MeV Xeions and 200 MeV Xe ions. The magnetic moment tends to increase with increasing the ion-fluence,
however, it decreases after the irradiation to the fluence of 1x1014/cm2 for 200MeV Xe ion irradiation. Fig.2
shows the depth distributions of the nuclear stopping power, Sn, for 200MeV Xe ions and 10MeV I ions for
Fe-50at.%Rh alloy. The depth dependence of Sn for 10 MeV I ion irradiation is about the same as that for
200MeV Xe irradiation around the ion range. Then, we can remove the irradiation effect around the200MeV Xe ion range by subtracting the value of the magnetic moment for 10MeV I ion irradiation fromthat for 200MeV Xe ion irradiation. From the value of magnetic moment obtained by this process and thevolume of the corresponding region, the average value of <Ms> for the region except around the ion range(hatched region in Fig. 2) , has been deduced. The same process has also been applied for the combinationof the results for 60MeV Xe irradiation and 10MeV I irradiation.
In Fig.3, the values of <Ms> are plotted against the total energy deposited by the elastic collision process.
The values of <Ms> can be well correlated with the energy density deposited through elastic collisions. On
the other hand, we cannot find any correlations between the change in magnetization and the electronicenergy loss (Se)[4].The present result indicates that we can modify the low temperature magnetic property
of FeRh alloy quantitatively by controlling the energy elastically deposited by energetic ions. Concerning
the details of the present result, see Ref. [4].

12Osaka Prefecture University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 101 -－ 101 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

200MeV Xe

60MeV Xe

Magnetic Moment [emu/cm ]

1.5

2

2

Magnetic moment [emu/cm ]

1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5

2x10 12 /cm 2
5x10 12 /cm 213

1x10 /cm

-1

(a)

-1.5
-6000

-4000

-2000

0

2

5x10 13 /cm 2
1x10 14 /cm 2

2000

4000

1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1

(b)
-1.5
-6000

6000

Magnetic field [Oe]

-4000

-2000

0

2x10 /cm

12

2

12

2

5x10 /cm

2000

4000

6000

Magnetic field [Oe]Fig.1 Irradiation induced magnetic moment at 20K as a function of applied magnetic field for: (a)Fe-50at.%Rh irradiated with 200MeV Xe to the ion-fluence of 2x1012, 5x1012, 1x1013, 5x1013 and1x1014/cm2. (b) Fe-50at.%Rh irradiated with 60MeV I to the ion-fluence of 2x1012 and 5x1012/cm2.

100

350
300

80

250

<Ms> [emu/g]

Sn [eV/Ang./ion]

200MeV-10MeV
60MeV-10MeV

200MeV
10MeV

200
150
100

60
40
20

50
0

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

0

2

4

6

8

energy deposited through elastic collision [10Depth [�m]

10
21

eV/g]

Fig.2 Depth distribution of nuclear stopping power,

Fig.3 Average values of saturation magnetization,

Sn, for 200MeV Xe, and 10MeV I irradiation for<Ms>, for the region expect around the ion range,

Fe-Rh alloy. The profile of Sn for 10MeV I ions,as a function of energy deposited through elastic

which are shifted the region around the range ofcollision

200MeV Xe ion is also shown.

References[1] M.Fukuzumi et al, Nucl. Instr. And Meth.B230, (2005) 269-273.
[2] M.Fukuzumi et al, Nucl. Instr. And Meth. B245, (2006) 161-165.
[3] Y.Zushi et al, Nucl. Instr. And Meth, B256, (2006) 434-437.
[4] S. Kosugi et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B267,(2009) 1612-1615.

- 102 － 102 －JAEA-Review 2009-036

7.2� Effects of swift heavy ion irradiation on the structure of Er-doped CeO2
B.Zhu1, K.Yasunaga2, N.Ishikawa3, H.Ohno1 and A.Iwase1

In order to control the initial reactivity of UO2 fuel in light-water reactors (LWR), it is useful to dope someelements called burnable poison, which have a high neutron absorption cross section, into UO2 fuel.
Gadolinium trioxide, Gd2O3, has already been used as the burnable poison in actual nuclear fuel, anderbium trioxide, Er2O3, has also been proposed as another burnable poison. During a long-term reactor
operation, nuclear fuel is subjected to the irradiation with high energy (around 100 MeV) fission products(FPs). Therefore, it is important for the nuclear reactor safety to study the effects of high energy FPs on
UO2 fuel doped with burnable poison.
To simulate the effects of high energy FPs irradiation on nuclear fuel UO2 doped with burnablepoison,Er-doped CeO2 were irradiated at room temperature with 200MeV Xe14+ ions at the tandem
accelerator of JAEA-Tokai. As the lattice structure of CeO2 is the same as that of UO2 and the melting point,
and the oxygen mobility of CeO2 are quite similar to those of UO2, CeO2 can be used as a simulationmaterial of UO2. Specimens used in this study were Er doped CeO2 bulk pellets which were prepared bysintering the mixture of CeO2 and Er2O3 powders at 1500oC. The changes in lattice parameter by the
Er-doping and the irradiation were measured by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) method.
Fig.1 shows the change in XRD spectrum around (004) peaks of 1mol % Er doped CeO2 for various
ion-fluences. All peaks are shifted to a lower angle by the irradiation, which means that the lattice
parameter increases with increasing the ion-fluence. Another irradiation effect can be observed as abroadening of peaks after the irradiation. Fig. 2 shows the lattice parameter as a function of ion-fluence for
1, 10, 15 and 20 mol % Er doped CeO2 pellets. The increase in lattice parameter is nearly proportional tothe ion-fluence. Fig. 3 shows the change in lattice parameter per unit ion fluence (change rate of lattice
parameter) as a function of Er concentration. Except for 20 mol % doped CeO2, the change rate of lattice
parameter increases with increasing Er concentration. The full width half maximum (FWHM) of the XRD
peaks also increases with increasing Er concentration. The present experimental result implies that theeffect of swift heavy ion irradiation on the lattice structure of CeO2 becomes more remarkable withincreasing the amount of Er2O3 in CeO2..

1

Osaka Prefecture University

2

Kyushu University

3

Japan Atomic Energy Agency- 103 -

－ 103 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

���������

����������
����������
����������
�������
��

����

��

����

��

����

��

����
Fig. 1 XRD spectra around (004) peaks of Er-doped CeO2 for various ion-fluences

����
�����
�����
�����

����

���
���������������
���������������������� ��� �����

��������������������

����

����

���

����

����

���
���
���
�
���
���

����
�

�

��

��

��

��

��

�������������� �������

�

�

��

��

��

�����������������������

Fig. 2 Lattice parameter as a function ofFig. 3 Change in lattice parameter per

ion-fluence for 1, 10, 15 and 20 mol % Erunit ion-fluence (change rate of lattice

doped CeO2 pellets

parameter) as a function of Er concentration- 104 -

－ 104 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

7.3 Study on semiconductor device process by high energy ion implantation
H. Sakane1, T. Ohmori2 and H. Uno1

High-Voltage superjunction devices firstly realized by Infineon’s CoolMOS technology, are a novel class of
power devices which break the physical limit of silicon with respect to the area-specific turn-on-resistancevalue[1].

A feature of superjunction devices are deep pillar-like p-n junctions. On a commercial scale

the vertical stack is presently fabricated with a high effort by repeated cycles of n-type epi-layer growth,masked boron implantation at common energies and subsequent diffusion.

There are numerous

suggestions for alternative technologies, most of them involving a deep trench structure [2,3]. In thiswork, we tired to confirm that p-type layers in n-type layer are built up using the high energy boron ion
implantations.
Samples used in this study were prepared from phosphorus-doped, n-type silicon crystals which has a highresistively.

A shape of samples were 12�12mm2 and 500�m thickness. Samples were irradiated with

16 MeV Boron using a 20 MV tandem accelerator at JAEA-Tokai, at room temperature. Boron fluenceswere set to 1�1012 and 1�1013/cm2. By using Al foil absorber for energy attenuation the depth ofimplantation layer was controlled. After implantation, the radiation level drops significantly, but due tothe generation of radioactive isotopes a certain radiation levels is still present for some time. Annealing
was performed in the temperature of 1100� in nitrogen ambient.
Figure 1 shows the depth distribution of the carrier concentration for implanted and unirradiated sample,
measured with spreading resistance profiling. It was shown that compare of a 4-fold boron implantation
with energies between 4 and 16 MeV. Except for the peak at 5 �m, the peak positions correspond very
well with the projected ranges of the respective implantation energy. The average carrier concentration
was about 1�1013cm3. It is not known why carrier concentration around 5um is lower than other region.
Figure 2 shows an as-implanted boron profile measured by SEM. Three distinct boron bubbles can bediscerned. Circled shadow area are consisted with missing parts around 5mm depth in Figure 1.
We have confirmed that it is possible to produce p-type layer by boron implantation with energies up to 16
MeV.

1
2

S.H.I. Examination & Inspection, LTD.
Sanken Electoric Co., LTD.

- 105 -

－ 105 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

Concentration(/cm3)

Implanted
25�m
unirradiatedDepth(�m)

Fig.1 Spreading resistance measurementsof identically prepared non-structured
wafer for three-fold boron implantation.

Fig.2 SEM image of decorated boron column
in n-type silicon.

References[1] G. Deboy, L. Lorenz, M. Marz, Elektronik., (1998) 42-43.
[2] T.Minato, T. Nitta, A. Uenisi, M. Yano, M. Harada, S .Hine, Proc. ISPSD 2000, Toulouse, France (2000)
73-76.
[3] M. Rub, D. Ahlers, J. Baumgartl, G. Deboy, W. Friza, O, Haberlein, I. Steingke, Proc. ISPSD2003,
Cambrige, UK (2003) 203-206.

- 106 -

－ 106 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

7.4� Morphological and compositional change in FePt nanogranular thin films
irradiated with swift heavy ionsM. Shirai1, K. Tsumori1, K. Yasuda1, S. Matsumura1 and N. Ishikawa2

Nanogranular films attract a great attention as various functional new materials. For example, FePt
nanogranular thin films, in which FePt nanoparticles are embedded in amorphous matrix are one of thepromising candidates for future ultrahigh density magnetic recording media. It is essential to control thesize, shape and dispersion of nanoparticles to improve their properties for the specific applications. Ion
irradiation is a well-defined technique to deposit a high density of energy into a desired local region ofmaterials and has been utilized as a tool controlling the structure of materials in a nanometer scale [1,2]. In
the present study, we have examined change in the morphology and composition of FePt nanoparticles in
the nanogranular thin films irradiated with swift heavy ions by transmission electron microscopy (TEM),
including electron tomography.
FePt nanogranular thin films were produced by ion beam sputtering. FePt nanoparticles were dispersed inamorphous Al2O3 matrix with 20 nm in thickness. Swift heavy ions of 210 MeV Xe were irradiated at
the Tandem Accelerator Facility of JAEA-Tokai at an ambient temperature to fluence ranging from
5.0×1017 to 1×1019 ions/m2. Radiation-induced nanostructural changes were examined by TEM. Electron
tomography technique was utilized to characterize their three dimensional (3D) morphology ofnanoparticles. The change in the morphology was evaluated quantitatively, by measuring the length ofcoordinates of nanoparticles from the reconstructed 3D images. Local compositions were also investigatedby energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM).
Fine FePt nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed in the films before ion irradiation. Swift heavy ion
irradiation induced drastical change in the size and shape of FePt nanoparticles. Figure 1 shows 3D
reconstructed images of the nanogranular thin film irradiated with 210 MeV Xe ions up to 5×1018 ions/m2.
Well-coarsened FePt balls have been formed near the irradiated surface, and other particles in the film
interior have been deformed into rods, which longitudinal direction is along the ion trajectory. Figure 2
shows the plot �, which is defined as an angle between the longitudinal axis and the foil normal, as afunction of the aspect ratio. The aspect ratio was evaluated from 3D reconstructed images, by assuming thenanoparticle shape to be ellipsoid. It is seen that data points are widely dispersed before irradiation,suggesting no specific preferential orientation. With progress of irradiation, the domain converges to theleft side and extends to the upper part in Fig. 2. It clearly shows that the irradiation with 210 MeV Xe ionsdeforms particles into rod shape, elongating along the ion beam direction. The composition of FePt
particles did not change up to a fluence of 5×1018 ions/m2. However, the particles became inhomogeneousin composition after prolonged irradiation of 1.0×1019 ions/m2. Fig. 3 shows a STEM dark-field image of
1
2

Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear engineering, Kyushu University
Tokai Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency- 107 -

－ 107 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

the specimen irradiated to 1.0×1019 ions/m2 and the corresponding characteristic X-ray mapping images ofFe, Pt, Al and O. Fe-rich domains look a slightly larger than Pt-rich ones. Point X-ray analysis shows thatthe center part of the particles was enriched with Pt with a ration of Fe:Pt~1:3. It is suggested that Fe atoms
are slightly redistributed to the periphery part at a high fluence of 1.0×1019 ions/m2. Doughnut-like contrast
gets pronounced for the lager ball particles in the maps of Al as well as of O, as shown in Fig. 3(d) and (f).
The Al-O phase is likely to cover the prominent metal particles existing on the surface.

Ion beam

Fig.1 Three dimensional reconstruction image of a film
irradiated with 210 MeV Xe ions to 5×1018 ions/m2 atambient temperature.

Fig.2 Map showing relationship between
� and aspect ratio of individual particles.

Fig.3 STEM dark filed image of irradiated specimen to 1×1019 ions/m2 (a), chemical compositions
measured by EDX at positions shown in (a) (b), and elemental mapping images for Fe (c), Pt (e), Al(d) and O (f).
References[1] M. Shirai, T. Horiuchi, A. Horiguchi, S. Matsumura, K. Yasuda, M. Watanabe and T. Masumoto, Mater.
Trans. 47 (2006) 52[2] M. Shirai, K. Tsumori, M. Kutsuwada, K. Yasuda, and S. Matsumura, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 267(2009) 1787.

- 108 -－ 108 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

7.5Transport properties of (�-FeSi2) thin films
S. Okayasu1 and M. Sasase2

Iron disilicide (�-FeSi2) is one of the candidates of compound semiconductor, which contains harmless
elements to the human bodies and the environment [1]. Another attractive feature of �-FeSi2 istransformation to the metal phase �-FeSi2 when heated above 1246 K. Since the bulk �-FeSi2 has electric
resistivity as low as 2.5 x 10-4 � cm, one may consider if a small part of �-FeSi2 can be transformed into
�-FeSi2 selectively, it can be used as the electrode of a �-FeSi2 based device.
When high-energy heavy ions are irradiated into the material, most of their energies are dissipated throughan electronic excitation [2]. This leads to strong localization of the dissipated energy along the projectile
path. The density of energy deposition is high enough, compared with bond or displacement energy of thetarget materials, so that nanostructural changes take place such as amorphization and phase transition etc.
We attempted to perform phase transition from �-FeSi2 into other phase by the high-energy heavy ion
irradiation.
�
The specimens used in this study were �-FeSi2 films fabricated with the ion beam sputter deposition
method by depositing Fe on Si(100) substrates with the thickness 500 nm at a certain temperature [3]. The
specimens were irradiated by 200 MeV Ni12+ ions at room temperature with a fluence of 1.0 x 1013
ions/cm2 using the tandem accelerator at Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). The formation of thecolumnar defects along the ion paths is reported in our previous study, otherwise the transformation of the
�-FeSi2 phase has not confirmed yet. In this study, we report the transport properties such as resistivity,
Hall coefficient and mobility. The Ni-irradiated sample was become somewhat radioactive due to the
nuclear transformation, thus the transport property measurements have not been accomplished yet.
Therefore we report only the properties of the specimen before the irradiation. The comparison of theproperties will be reported elsewhere in the future.
All of the transport properties were measured by a conventional four-wired method using a commercial
superconducting magnet system (PPMS, Quantum Design). To avoid the influence of the additional
electromotive forces at the contact points, low frequency alternating currents (30 Hz) were used. TypicalI-V characteristics at different temperatures in the applied external field 1 Tesla are shown in Fig. 1.
Temperature dependences of resistivities at certain current are shown in Fig. 2. The I-V curves change theirproperties in different temperature ranges. In the temperature range between 180 K and 300 K, the I-V
characteristics are ohmic and the resistivities show metallic properties. In the temperature range between 90
K and 180 K, the I-V curves show nonlinear behaviors and the saturation of voltage can be observed above
1mA. The temperature dependences of resistivity show semiconducting properties. The qualitative change
12Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
The Wakasa-wan Energy Research Center (WERC)- 109 -

－ 109 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

0

0.1
160K

180-300K

B=1T

0

0.4

10K

90K

5K

B=1T

0.2

100K
120K
140K
160K

V (V)

140K

B=1T

V (V)

V (V)

0.01

10K
90K

0

-0.2
-0.01
-0.01

0.01

0
I (A)

-0.1
-0.01

0
I (A)

0.01

-0.4
-0.01

0
I (A)

0.01

Fig.1 I-V characteristics of unirradiated �-FeSi2 thin films at different temperatures in B= 1 Tesla.
of the transport properties suggests that a change of the transport mechanism occurs around 180 K. Below
90 K, the I-V properties below 2mA are similar to those of the case between 90 K and 180 K, however,decreases of voltage are observed with increase of current above 2mA. The resistivities below 90K show
the power law dependence with temperature.
Temperature dependences of Hall coefficients at B= 1 Tesla with different currents are shown in Fig. 3. No
current dependence is observed above 220 K. On the other hand, a strong current dependence is observed
between 160 K and 220 K. A sharp drop of the Hall coefficient occurs around 160 K suggesting theexistence of some phase transition. At lower temperature below 90 K, the Hall coefficient becomes
negative suggesting the change of charge carriers. All of our data are only preliminary ones. We will intend

Resistivity (�cm)

105Hall coefficient (cm3/Coulomb)

to measure the transport properties of Ni-irradiated �-FeSi2, and to compare them to these data.
I= 10�A
I= 100�A
I= 1�A
I= 10�A

104
103
102
101
100
10-1

B=1T
101

102
temperature (K)[x106]
1.5
1

B=1T

0.5
0
0

Fig.3

Fig.2 Temperature dependences of resistivities

I= 10�A
I=100�A
I= 1�A
I= 10�A

100
200
temperature (K)Temperature300

dependences

of

Hall

coefficient at B = 1 Tesla.

with different currents.

Although the phase transition of �-FeSi2 to � phase is not confirmed yet, our results showed the structuralchange by high energy heavy ion irradiation. We will intend to observe the microstructure of defects andphase transitions in the irradiated films precisely by using both high resolution TEM and micro-diffraction.
References[1] K. Yamaguchi and K. Mizushima, Phys. Rev. Lett., 25(2001)6006.
[2] Calculation using the SRIM code. http://www.srim.org/SRIM/SRIMLEGL.htm[3] M. Sasase, T. Nakanoya, H. Yamamoto and K. Hojou, Thin Solid Films, 401(2001)73.��

- 110 -

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

7.6 Irradiation effect on Ag-zeolite
S. Okayasu1 and Y. Sasaki2

Zeolite, a sort of alminosillicate constructed with degenerated SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedrons sharing oxygen
atoms with their neighbors, has a cage structure including large porous inside. Alkali or alkaline earth
cations ( usually Na+ ) of the same amount of Al3+ ions are absorbed in the cage structure to compensate thecharge imbalance. The molecular formula of zeolite can be expressed as(M�,M�1/2)m(AlmSinO2(m+n))�xH2O : n�m(1),

where M�����M�are univalent and divalent cations included inside the cage. A crystal structure of a
LTA-zeolite classified into type-A ( a ratio of Si/Al =1 ) is shown in Fig.1. The alkali or alkaline earth
cations inside the cage structure are easily replaced other cations Ag+, Mn2+, etc. We synthesized Ag-zeolite
samples for irradiation study.

Fig.1 A crystal structure of LTA zeoilte. The
diameter of the central cavity is 4.1 �.

In our previous study [1], we found separation and clustering of Ag atom after 200keV electron irradiation
on Ag-LTA zeolite samples. A possible scenario is follow. A four-coordinated Al atom in the zeolite
structure can change to a six-coordinated by destruction due to the electron irradiation. A bound Ag ion
around Al atom in the cage is neutralized during this process and the free Ag atoms gathered. A similarclustering process can be occurred for heavy ion irradiation. If so, the clustered Ag atoms can form a line
along the trajectory of the incident ions. The typical diameters of the ion tracks are several nanometers.
Therefore, nanoscopic metal structures may be formed in the zeolite.
A synthesized Ag-zeolite sample was irradiated with 200MeV Au ions in the Tandem accelerator in JAEA
at room temperature. We prepared the sample for the cross sectional observation of Transmission Electron
Microscope (TEM).

1
2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Japan Fine Ceramics Center (JFCC)- 111 -

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

Reference[1] Y. Sasaki, T. Suzuki, Materials Transaction, 50, 1050-1053(2009)

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7.7 Study of electronic excitation effects on the microstructural evolution in UO2
T. Sonoda1, N. Ishikawa2, M. Sataka2, K. Yasunaga3, M. Kinoshita1 and A. Iwase4

One of the topics for progressing high burnup extension of light water reactor (LWR) fuels is theclarification of formation and growth mechanism of a crystallographic re-structuring in the periphery
region of high burnup fuel pellets, as named “rim structure” [1]. This structure is characterized by theexistence of highly dense small sub-grains whose size is approximately 200 nm, and the accumulation ofsmall pores with average size around 1 �m. The key factor of the formation mechanism of the rim structure
should be a high density electronic excitation effects on the accumulation process of radiation damages in
LWR fuels [2-4]. In order to clarify the character and the accumulation effects of ion tracks that are formedby highly dense electronic excitation, high energy Xe and Zr ions irradiation examinations on UO2 havebeen done at JAEA-Tandem accelerator facility. Microstructure evolutions in the irradiated samples areobserved in a FE-SEM (JSM-6340F) and a FE-TEM (HF-3000) at CRIEPI. This study was financially
supported by the Budget for Nuclear Research of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology, based on the screening and counseling by the Atomic Energy Commission.
Figure 1 (a) and (b) shows the TEM image of UO2 and CeO2 under irradiation with 210 MeV Xe ions atroom temperature, respectively. The circle images in this picture correspond to the cross-section images ofion tracks, and the mean diameter of ion tracks was measured around 4.9 nm and 9.3 nm, respectively.
Figure 2 indicates the square of mean diameter of ion tracks in UO2 and CeO2 as a function of electronic
stopping power (Se). This figure indicates that the square of diameter of ion tracks tend to be proportional
to Se, and suggests that the sensitivity of high density electronic excitation of UO2 is much less than that ofCeO2.
In order to understand the accumulation effects of ion tracks in UO2, 210 MeV Xe ions irradiation up to afluence of 1.5 x 1016 ions/cm2 were done. Figure 3 shows the typical SEM image of irradiated surface andcross-sectional TEM images in UO2 under irradiation with 210 MeV Xe at 300 °C to a fluence of (a)un-irradiated, (b) 5 x 1014 ions/cm2, and (c) 1.5 x 1016 ions/cm2, respectively. In figure 3 (a), the shape offabricated pore is polygon and there are very few dislocations. In figure 3 (b), the fabricated pores are
deformed elliptically whose major axis is parallel to irradiation direction, and the deformation zone wasestimated around 6 �m depth. Moreover, the formation and accumulation of dislocations are observed. In
figure 3 (c), some of sub-divided grains whose size is around 1 �m are observed near the irradiation surface,
and the dislocations seem to diffuse in the direction of irradiation. These drastic changes of surface
morphology and inner structure in UO2 suggest that the overlapping of ion tracks will cause the point
defects and dislocations, enhance the diffusion of point defects and dislocations, and form the sub-grains at
1

Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI)Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
3
Kyushu University
4
Osaka Prefecture University
2- 113 -

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

relatively low temperature.

(a)

(b)

Fig. 1 TEM image of (a) UO2 and (b) CeO2 under irradiation with 210 MeV Xe ions to a fluence of (a) 5 x
1011 ions/cm2 and (b) 1 x 1011 ions/cm2 at room temperature. The mean diameter of ion tracks is around (a)4.9 nm and (b) 9.3 nm, respectively.

���������������������������������������Xe
Zr CeO2
I
Xe
Zr

���

UO2

210 MeV Xe
Mean diameter�9.3 nm

Sub-divided grain��

210 MeV Xe
Mean diameter �4.9 nm

�
��

��

��

��

�����������
Fig. 2 The square of the mean
diameter of ion tracks in UO2and CeO2 at room temperature
as a function of electronic
stopping power (Se).
References

��

���

(a)

5�1014 ions/cm2(b)1.5�1016 ions/cm2(c)Fig. 3 SEM images (upper row) of irradiated surface andcross-sectional TEM images (lower row) in UO2 underirradiation with 210 MeV Xe+14 to a fluence of (a) unirradiated,(b) 5 x 1014 ions/cm2, and (c) 1.5 x 1016 ions/cm2 at 300°C.

[1] J.O. Barner et al., HBEP-61, 1990, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories.
[2] T. Sonoda et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B191 (2002) 622-628.
[3] T. Sonoda et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B250 (2006) 254-258.
[4] T. Sonoda et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B266 (2008) 2882-2886.

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7.8

Microstructure observations and distribution of chemical compositions ofmetal precipitates in Zircaloy-2- Distribution of Si in Zircaloy-2 –T. Sonoda1, N. Ishikawa2 and M. Sataka2

In order to progress high burnup extension of light water reactor (LWR) fuels, the improvement ofanti-corrosion and hydrogen resistance of nuclear fuel claddings (Zirconium alloy; Zircaloy-2 for boilingwater reactor) is indispensable. In previous researches, it becomes clear that the degradation ofanti-corrosion and hydrogen resistance is concerned with the composition and size of metal precipitates inzirconium alloy, and the precipitates are deformed under irradiation with high energy neutron in a reactor.
Moreover, it was also reported that the density of silicon, that is one of low density impurities in cladding,influence the anti-corrosion and hydrogen resistance of fuel claddings [1]. In order to clarify themechanism of corrosion and hydrogen pickup in Zircaloy and the correlation between the degradation offuel cladding and the deformation of metal precipitates in claddings, microstructure observations and ion
irradiation examinations have been done. In this report, microstructure and atom distribution of alloy
elements and impurity (Fe, Ni, Cr, and Si) in Zircaloy-2 have been clarified by means of a transmission
electron microscope (JEM-2100 with EDS system) at CRIEPI. Secondly, 100 MeV Zr ion and 210 MeV Xeirradiation examinations have been treated at JAEA-Tandem accelerator facility.
Figure 1 indicates the typical TEM image of Zircaloy-2. This sample was fabricated by use of focused ion
beam method (FIB), and this figure confirms that some of metal precipitates are existed in Zircaloy-2.
Figure 2 shows the high magnification TEM image of one precipitate that was indicated as white allows infigure 1, and results of the atom mapping of Cr, Fe, and Ni in this precipitate by means of EDS system.
This figure shows that this precipitate was constructed by overlapping of metal precipitates of (Fe, Cr) and(Fe, Ni). In order to confirm the structure of these metal precipitates and the distribution of Si, five spot
analysis of EDS was treated whose analysis points are indicated in figure 2 BF. Figure 3 indicates the
spectrum data of EDS at position � in figure 2 BF, and Table 1 indicates the EDS results at four spots inthe complex precipitate. This table confirmed that the structure of metal precipitates of (Fe, Ni) base is
Zr2(Fe, Ni).In case of metal precipitates of (Fe, Cr) base, 3D atom probe measurements have confirmed thatthe structure is Zr(Fe, Cr)2[2]. The EDS result at position � will be summarized of the overlapping of two
type of metal precipitates, Zr2(Fe, Ni) and Zr(Fe, Cr)2. Moreover, it becomes clear that Si tend to beaccumulated in Zr2(Fe, Ni) whose concentration is around 1.6 -1.9 at%. These results suggest that Si tends
to be in metal precipitates, especially in Zr2(Fe, Ni). In order to confirm the distribution of Si, systematic
analysis of the EDS data of many precipitates and application of advanced microstructure observation
method, 3D atom probe method, will be treated in near future.
In order to clarify the deformation of metal precipitates in claddings under irradiation, 100 MeV Zr ion and
1
2

Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI)Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 115 -

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

210 MeV Xe irradiation examinations have been done. Unfortunately, some of the irradiated specimen washeated up over 400 °C and it become impossible to get ideal specimen for research. The reason of this heatup will be beam heating because of high ion flux and trouble of specimen holder. We will retry theirradiation examinations near future.
2
1
3
4

Fig.1 TEM image of Zircaloy-2. Some of
metal precipitates are observed.

Fig.2 High magnification TEM image of one
precipitate in Fig. 1, and the atom mapping of
Cr, Fe and Ni in the precipitate.

Fig.3 Spectrum data of EDS at white circle in figure 2 BF.
Table 1 EDS results at five spots in the complex precipitate in figure 2 BF.

Zr
(at%)

References

Fe

(at%)

Cr

Ni

Si

(at%)

(at%)

(at%)

---

�
�

60.6 18.4
72.5 14.2

18.2
11.7

1.9
1.6

�

58.2 21.1 12.3 12.9

--

�

100

--

--

--

--

[1] H. Sell, S. Trapp-Pritsching and F. Garzarolli, ASTM STP 1467(2005) pp404-417.
[2] T. Sonoda et.al, 2009 Spring Meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Tokyo Inst. of Tech.,(March. 23, 2009).

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

7.9Study on irradiation behavior of reactor pressure vessel steels
by using high-energy heavy-ion irradiation
Y. Chimi1, T. Tobita1, N. Ishikawa1 and A. Iwase2

In order to understand the mechanism of irradiation embrittlement in reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steelsof light water reactors, it is important to clarify the contribution of well-controlled irradiation parameters to
the property change of RPV steels. In the present report, we have performed ion irradiation in RPV steels,and studied the irradiation response by means of electrical resistivity and hardness measurements.
Specimens were made of two kinds of RPV steels, JRQ and steel A, which were prepared as ASTM A533B
class-1 plates. The chemical composition of the materials is shown in Table 1, in which Cu concentration iscomparable to old commercial RPV steels constructed at 1970’s or before. Irradiation was performed with
100-MeV 56Fe ions at 563 K using a 20-MV Tandem accelerator at JAEA-Tokai. For electrical resistivity
measurements, the specimens of thin JRQ films of ~30 �m in thickness were used. The electrical resistivity
were measured at liquid-N2 temperature (~77.3 K) with interrupting the irradiation and cooling thespecimens several times. The specimens for hardness measurements were mechanically and electrolyticallypolished steel-A plates of ~1 mm in thickness, and measured at room temperature in the irradiated andun-irradiated (masked) regions after irradiation. Figure 1 shows the damage profile in case of iron target
calculated by the SRIM code [1] with displacement threshold energy of Ed = 40 eV. The projected range ofthe ion is ~8 �m, which is much smaller than the specimen thickness. Therefore, the property change due toirradiation occurs only near the surface region of the specimen. For hardness measurements, ultra micro
hardness testing was carried out with the Vickers indenter tip and indentation depth of 1.5 �m.
The electrical resistivity change, ��, for JRQ is shown in Fig. 2 as a function of ion dose, which is definedas the peak of the damage profile at the depth of ~7.8 �m (Fig. 1). The specimen denoted by“un-irradiated” was not irradiated, but experienced almost the same temperature history as the “irradiated”
specimen. Therefore, the data for “un-irradiated” specimen indicate only the thermal aging behavior during
irradiation. As shown in Fig. 2, the electrical resistivity decreases with ion dose, which is similar to the caseof Fe-Cu model alloys, implying that irradiation-induced clustering of Cu and other solute atoms occurs [2].
Figure 3 shows the ion-dose dependence of hardness change, �Hv, for steel A. The value of �Hv increases
with the ion dose, being concerned with the resistivity change for JRQ, which has similar Cu concentration.
In order to clarify the cause of the change in electrical resistivity and hardness by the ion irradiation, it isnecessary to evaluate the contribution of the microstructure evolution in detail.

1
2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Osaka Prefecture University- 117 -－ 117 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

Table 1. Chemical composition of materials (in wt.%)
Materials
Si
P
S

Cu

Ni

Fe

0.25

0.017

0.004

0.14

0.84

BalanceSteel A

0.3

0.015

0.01

0.16

0.68

Balance109Fe ( 100 MeV ) � Iron

Electrical resistivity change, �� (��cm)

Defect production cross�section, �d (10

�16

2

cm )

JRQ

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0

1

2

3

4 5 6 7
Depth (�m)

8

9 10

Fig. 1 Damage profile in iron irradiated with
100-MeV Fe ions calculated by the SRIM
code.

Hardness change, �Hv

25
20

0

Un�irradiatedIrradiated

�0.1

�0.2

JRQ
0

0.05

0.1
0.15
Dose (dpa)

Steel A

10
5
0.05

0.1

0.15 0.2
Dose (dpa)

0.25

0.25

Fig. 2 Electrical resistivity change, ��, as afunction of ion dose. Data for “un-irradiated”
specimen indicate only the thermal aging
behavior during irradiation.

15

0
0

0.2

0.3

Fig. 3 Dose dependence of hardness
change, �Hv, for steel A.

References[1] J.F. Ziegler, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B219-220 (2004) 1027-1036.
[2] S. Ishino et al., J. Nucl. Mater., 323 (2003) 354-359.

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

7.10

Damage recovery of radiation damage in CeO2 created byelectronic energy deposition
N. Ishikawa1

Radiation damage in nuclear fuel of fast breeder reactor can be classified into various types in term of its
defect structure, such as 1) point-like defects created by relatively low energy particle irradiation, 2)
continuous damage region (ion-track) created by high energy particle irradiation, and 3) strain fields
created by accumulation of fission gas.

In this study, in order to simulate irradiation damage by highenergy fission fragments in MOX (mixed oxide) fuel, oxide ceramic material (CeO2) with fluorite
crystallographic structure is irradiated with high energy particles using tandem accelerator at Tokai
Research and Development Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA-Tokai). The characterization ofradiation damage is done by X-ray diffraction method, by which quantitative characterization of radiation
damage is possible.
Thin films of CeO2 were prepared on single crystal sapphire substrates by sputtering methods. The film
thickness was about 300 nm. The films were irradiated at room temperature with 120MeV Xe from thetandem accelerator at JAEA-Tokai. The objective of the irradiation with 120MeV Xe particles is tosimulate radiation damage behavior due to high energy fission fragments. After the irradiation, X-ray
diffraction (XRD) patterns were measured at elevated temperature up to 1000oC, in order to investigate
damage recovery due to thermal energy. A sharp XRD peak corresponding to (002) reflection is observed
before irradiation. In this study irradiation-induced change of the (002) peak intensity is analyzed.
Figure 1 shows (002) diffraction peak observed at elevated temperature from 35°C to 1000°C for CeO2
irradiated with 120MeV Xe at room temperature. The peak shifts to lower angle side by increasing
temperature, indicating that lattice is thermally expanded at high temperature. The peak intensity isalmost temperature-independent at relatively lower temperature up to 700°C, indicating that theirradiation-induced defects do not recover in such low temperature range. The temperature dependence ofthe peak intensity is demonstrated in Fig.2. At low fluence of 6.7x1011 ions/cm2, the peak intensity
decreases as increasing temperature from 800°C to 1000°C, indicating that the irradiation-induced defects
begin to move at such high temperature. At high fluence of 2.7x1012, 1.3x1013 and 1.3x1014 ions/cm2, thepeak intensity increases as increasing temperature from 800°C to 1000°C, indicating that theirradiation-induced defects begin to annihilate at such high temperature. Therefore, 800°C can be definedas threshold temperature where the irradiation-induced defects begin to recover. This means that thermalenergy corresponding to 700°C is not sufficient to annihilate the damage, while thermal energy
corresponding to 800°C is the threshold energy to annihilate damage created by 120MeV Xe irradiation.�
Part of the present study is the result of “Research of highly accurate evaluation of radiation damage in
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 119 -

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

advanced nuclear reactor fuel ceramics” entrusted to “Japan Atomic Energy Agency” by the Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT).

122120MeV Xe (2.7x10 ions/cm )3����������

����������������� �

2

Intensity (a.u.)1����������������� �

2
1

33

2� (degree)

34

Fig. 1 X-ray diffraction patterns measured atelevated temperature (35°C - 1000°C) for
CeO2 irradiated at room temperature with
120MeV Xe up to 2.7x1012 ions/cm2. The
measurement temperature is, from up tobottom, 1000°C, 900°C, 800°C, 700°C,

Normalized Intensity

32

0
3

0
3

����������������� �

2
1
0
3

����������������� �

2
1
0
3

600°C,
500°C, 400°C, 300°C, 200°C,
�
100°C and 35°C.
�

2

�

1

�

0

�

����������������� �

0 �

400

800�

1200� �������������

�
�
�
�

Fig. 2 Measurement temperature dependenceof (002) peak intensity normalized by thatmeasured at 35°C for CeO2 irradiated with
120MeV Xe. The fluence is indicated in eachfigures.

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

7.11

Study of spatial distribution of chemical damages by ion beams
using dynamic nuclear polarization
T. Kumada1, Y. Noda1, K. Ohara2 and N. Ishikawa1

High energy ion beams have been focused on many industrial applications, such as medical treatment ofbrain cancer. When high-energy ion beams are irradiated into materials, subsequent ionizations andreactions due to secondary electrons take place along the track of the ion beams. It is important todetermine the distribution of activated species to study radiation damage of materials by high-energy ion
beams, and evaluate difference in quality factor between low linear-energy-transfer (LET) beams such as
�-rays and electron beams, and high LET ones.
Purpose of this study is to determine the spatial distribution of free radicals produced by the ionization ofreactions using techniques of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and small-angle neutron scattering(SANS). SANS is used for investigations of structure of various substances, with spatial sensitivity of about
1 - 300 nm. The concentration of free radicals produced by the radiolysis is � 1019 spins/cm3 enough for thedetermination of the spatial distribution of radicals by SANS.
DNP is the technique which transfers spin polarization from electrons to nuclei, thereby aligning thenuclear spins to the extent that electron spins are aligned. About 1000 protons near one electron spin can bepolarized by DNP. Scattering length of a proton for a polarized neutron strongly depends on its spin state.
The polarized protons around the free radicals are expected to generate strong scattering of polarized
neutron beams, whose profile reflects distribution of the free radicals. Thus, we polarized the protons near
the free radicals by DNP, and measured SANS profile of the dynamically polarized samples.
Low-density polyethylene (PE) sheets with the size of 20 mm x 20 mm x 0.5 mm were attached on a coldhead of a cryostat, and irradiated with C6+ (100 MeV) ion beams at 77 K to the total dose of 109 – 1013 ions
/ cm2. Fig. 1 shows the concentrations of the alkyl free radicals measured by an electron spin resonance(ESR) spectrometer. Total amounts of 1016 to 1019 spins / cm3 radicals were found to be produced.
Fig. 2 shows a comparison between the enhancement of polarization of the dynamically polarized PE
sheets irradiated with the electron beams (EB) and that of the ion beams. The enhancement of � 100 was
obtained for the EB-irradiated PE, but only 3 was obtained for the ion-beam irradiated PE.

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

2

Ibaraki University- 121 -

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

Since this DNP process is related to three-spin (electron-electron-nucleus) process that mutually flips thecoupled three spins under the energy conservation of the Zeeman interactions, the DNP efficiency strongly
depends on concentration of electron spins. It is empirically known that the maximum proton polarization
is obtained in samples containing free radicals at � 1019 spins / cm3. The polarization at the higher
concentration of the free radicals is very poor due to fast nuclear spin relaxation by the aid of the free
radicals, whereas DNP efficiency is very poor at the lower concentration. The alkyl free radicals were
homogeneously produced in the EB-irradiated PE sample. The concentration of free radicals can be
optimized by controlling the dose of the EB-irradiation. On the other hand, the alkyl free radicals are
localized along the track of ion beams in the ion-beam-irradiated PE. The local concentration of the free
radicals along the track is too high for DNP, whereas no radical is generated on the other regions. The
number of tracks increases with increasing the dose of the ion-beams, but both the local concentrations of
the free radicals along the tracks and that of the other regions are independent of the dose. We hope that the
DNP technique can be established to evaluate the quality factor of radiation.
We are planning to carry out a DNP-SANS measurement of the ion-beam irradiated PE samples in near�3Concentration of alkyl free radicals (spins / cm )future.

����������������������������������

18

10

17

10

0.01

0.1

1

10
2

100

Electron-beamirradiated PE

�

19

10

10

6+

C (100 MeV)irradiated PE

1

16

10

17

10

18

10

19

10

10

20

Irradiation Dose (ions / cm )����������������������������������������� ��

Fig. 1 Concentration of alkyl freeFig. 2 Enhancement of proton polarization

radicals in ion-beam irradiated PE.

for EB and ion-beam irradiated PE.

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

CHAPTER 8
Publication in Journal and Proceedings, andContribution to Scientific Meetings

8.1 Accelerator Operation and Development
8.2 Nuclear Structure
8.3 Nuclear Reaction
8.4 Nuclear Chemistry
8.5 Nuclear Theory
8.6 Atomic Physics and Solid State Physics
8.7 Radiation Effects in Materials- 123 － 123 －This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2009-036

8.1 Accelerator Operation and Development
Journal/Proceedings
T. Ishii, M. Matsuda, H. Kabumoto and A. Osa
Recent activities in tandem, booster and TRIAC at Tokai
Proceedings of the 6th Japan-Italy Symposium on Heavy-Ion Physics, Tokai, Japan (Nov. 11-15, 2008)
AIP Conference Proceedings, 1120 (2009) 235-240
A. Osa, M. Matsuda, T. K. Sato and S. Ichikawa
Release and efficiencies of radioactive ion beams from the JAEA-ISOL target/ion source systems
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Electromagnetic Isotope Separators and Techniques
Related to their Applications (EMIS2007), Deauville, France (June 24-29, 2007).
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B266 (2008) 4373.
A. Osa, S. Ichikawa, M. Matsuda, T. K. Sato and S.C. Jeong
Ion source development for the on-line isotope separator at JAEA
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Electromagnetic Isotope Separators and Techniques
Related to their Applications (EMIS2007), Deauville, France (June 24-29, 2007).
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B266 (2008) 4394.
M. Matsuda, M. Sataka, Y. Tsukihashi, S. Hanashima, S. Abe, A. Osa, N. Ishizaki, T. Nakanoya,
H. Kabumoto, M. Nakamura, K. Kutsukake, Y. Otokawa and T. Asozu
Present Status of JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator
Proc. of the 21th Meeting for Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Technologies, Takasaki,
JAEA-Takasaki (July. 31- Oct. 1, 2008) , JAEA-Conf 2008-012 (2009)39-43.
S.C. Jeong, N. Imai, M. Oyaizu, S. Arai, Y. Fuchi, Y. Hirayama, H. Ishiyama, H. Miyatake, M. Okada,
M.H. Tanaka, Y.X. Watanabe, S. Ichikawa, A. Osa, T.K. Sato, and H. Kabumoto
KEKCB-18GHz ECR charge breeder at TRIAC
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B257 (2007) 397.
N. Imai, S.C. Jeong, M. Oyaizu, S. Arai, Y. Fuchi, Y. Hirayama, H. Ishiyama, H. Miyatake, M.H. Tanaka,
M. Okada, Y.X. Watanabe, S. Ichikawa, H. Kabumoto, A. Osa, Y. Otokawa, and T.K. Sato
KEKCB electron cyclotron resonance charge breeder at TRIAC
Rev. Sci. Inst. 79 (2008) 02A906.
S.C. Jeong, I. Katayama, H. Kawakami, Y. Watanabe, H. Ishiyama, N. Imai, Y. Hirayama, H. Miyatake,
M. Sataka, H. Sugai, S. Okayasu, S.-I. Ichikawa, K. Nishio, S. Mitsuoka, Y. Nakanoya, T. Hashimoto,
T. Hashimoto, and M. Yahagi- 125 -

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

On-line diffusion tracing in Li ionic conductors by the short-lived radioactive beam of 8Li
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1 47 (2008)6413.
N. Ishizaki, M. Matsuda, S. Hanashima, M. Nakamura, K. Kutsukake, Y. Otokawa, and T. Asozu
Improvement of transmission of ion beams and replacement of charge analysis electromagnet coil at the
tandem accelerator
JAEA-Technology 2008-055
M. Nakamura, M.Matsuda, T. Nakanoya, H. Kabumoto, K. Kutsukake, Y. Otokawa, T. Asozu, T. Ishii,
M, Asai, and T. Okura
Identification procedure of natural radon (222Rn) using electrostatic collection method
JAEA-Technology 2008-052

Meetings
T. Ishii
Recent Activities in Tandem, Booster and TRIAC at Tokai
6th Japan-Italy Symposium on Heavy-Ion Physics, Tokai, Japan (Nov. 11-15, 2008).
H, Miyatake
TRIAC - Progress in collaboration Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)
S. Hanashima
Measurement of impedance of bending magnet-2
21th Meeting on Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Technologies, Takasaki, Japan (July. 31- Oct. 1,
2008).
S. Hanashima
Control System of the JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator
Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)
M. Matsuda, M. Sataka, Y. Tsukihashi, S. Hanashima, S. Abe, A. Osa, N. Ishizaki, T. Nakanoya,
H. Kabumoto, M. Nakamura, K. Kutsukake, Y. Otokawa and T. Asozu
Present status of JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator
21th Meeting on Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Technologies, Takasaki, Japan (July. 31- Oct. 1,
2008).

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

M. Matsuda, T. Asozu, T. Nakanoya, K. Kutsukake, S. Hanashima and S. Takeuchi
Highly charged ion injector in the terminal of tandem accelerator
14th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions (HCI2008), Chofu, Japan (Sep. 1,
2008).
M. Matsuda
Beam intensity increase with improving the ion injector in the high-voltage terminal(oral)
Highly charged ion injector in the terminal of tandem accelerator(poster)
Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)
S. Takeuchi
Review of accelerator improvements during past thirty years for the JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator
Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)
H. Kabumoto, S. Takeuchi, N. Ishizaki, M. Matsuda, Y. Otokawa, T. Yoshida, T. Ishiguro andK. Yamaguchi
Development of low beta superconducting twin quarter wave resonator
Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)
M. Oyaizu, S.C. Jeong, N. Imai, Y. Fuchi, Y. Hirayama, H. Ishiyama, H. Miyatake, M. Okada,
Y.X. Watanabe, S. Ichikawa, H. Kabumoto, M. Matsuda, A. Osa, and Y. Otokawa
Present status of Charge Breeding in KEKCB at TRIAC
6th Japan-Italy symposium on Heavy-ion physics, Tokai, Japan (Nov. 11, 2008).
M. Oyaizu, S.C. Jeong, N. Imai, Y. Fuchi, Y. Hirayama, H. Ishiyama, H. Miyatake, M. Okada,
Y.X. Watanabe, S. Ichikawa, H. Kabumoto, M. Matsuda, A. Osa, and Y. Otokawa
Current status of KEKCB at TRIAC
18th International Workshop on ECR Ion Source, Chicago, USA (Sep. 15, 2008).
A. OsaDevelopment of ion sources for JAEA-ISOL
Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)
T. Nakanoya
Generation of metalic ion beams from ECR ions sources and its application to the tandem accelerator- 127 － 127 －JAEA-Review 2009-036

Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)
M. Nakamura
Present status of the interlock system for the tandem accelerator facility
Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)
K. Kutsukake
Screening of relays to use in high-pressure SF6 gas
Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)
K. Otokawa
Present status of JAEA-ISOL and acceleration of radioactive beams
Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)
T. Asozu
Existing-device alignment and installation plan of beam profile monitors in the high-voltage-terminal
Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)- 128 -

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8.2

Nuclear Structure

Journal/Proceedings
T. Shizuma, T. Ishii, H. Makii, T. Hayakawa, and M. Matsuda
A 3-quasiparticle isomer in neutron-rich 183Ta
Eur. Phys. J. A 39, (2009) 263.
Y.�Liu, X.H. Zhou, Y.H.�Zhang, Y.�Zheng, M.L.�Liu, Y.X.�Guo, M.�Oshima, Y.�Toh, M.�Koizumi, A.�Osa,
Y.�Hatsukawa, ����Y.�Sun
Prolate and Oblate Shape Coexistence in 188Pt
Chin .Phys. Lett., 25, 1633 (2008)
T. Shizuma, T. Ishii, H. Makii, T. Hayakawa, M. Matsuda, S. Shigematsu, E. Ideguchi, Y. Zheng, M .Liu,
T .Morikawa, and M.Oi
One-quasiparticle bands in neutron-rich 187W
Phys.Rev. C 77, 047303 (2008)
S. Ota, S. Shimoura, H. Iwasaki, M. Kurokawa, S. Michimasa, N. Aoi, H. Baba, K .Demichi, Z. Elekes,
T. Fukuchi, T. Gomi, S. Kanno, S. Kubono, K. Kurita, H. Hasegawa, E. Ideguchi, N. Iwasa, Y.U.
Matsuyama, K.L. Yurkewicz, T. Minemura, T. Motobayashi, T. Murakami, M. Notani, A. Odahara, A. Saito,
H. Sakurai, E. Takeshita, S. Takeuchi, M. Tamaki, T. Teranishi, Y. Yanagisawa, K. Yamada, and M. Ishihara
Low-lying proton intruder state in 13B
Phys.Lett. B 666, 311 (2008)
�
N. Aoi, H. Suzuki, E. Takeshita, S. Takeuchi, S. Ota, H. Baba, S. Bishop, T .Fukui, Y. Hashimoto, H.J. Ong,
E. Ideguchi, K. Ieki, N .Imai, H. Iwasaki, S. Kanno, Y. Kondo, T. Kubo, K. Kurita, K. Kusaka, T.Minemura,
T. Motobayashi, T. Nakabayashi, T. Nakamura, T. Nakao, M. Niikura, T. Okumura, T.K. Ohnishi,
H. Sakurai, S. Shimoura, R. Sugo, D. Suzuki, M.K. Suzuki, M. Tamaki, K. Tanaka, Y. Togano, andK. Yamada
Shape transition observed in neutron-rich pf-shell isotopes studied via proton inelastic scattering
Nucl.Phys. A805, 400c (2008)
N. Aoi, E. Takeshita, H. Suzuki, S. Takeuchi, S. Ota, H. Baba, S. Bishop, T. Fukui, Y. Hashimoto, H.J. Ong,
E. Ideguchi, K. Ieki, N. Imai, M. Ishihara, H. Iwasaki, S. Kanno, Y. Kondo, T. Kubo, K. Kurita, K. Kusaka,
T. Minemura, T. Motobayashi, T. Nakabayashi, T. Nakamura, T. Nakao, M. Niikura, T. Okumura,
T.K. Ohnishi, H. Sakurai, S. Shimoura, R. Sugo, D. Suzuki, M.K. Suzuki, M. Tamaki, K. Tanaka,
Y. Togano, and K. Yamada
Development of Large Deformation in 62Cr
Phys.Rev.Lett. 102, 012502 (2009)- 129 -

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

Y. Toh, M. Oshima, M. Koizumi, A. Osa, A. Kimura, M. Sugawara, and J. Goto
Octupole collectivity in 94Zr
The Thirteenth International Symposium on Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics,
Cologne,Germany (Aug. 25-29, 2008).
AIP Conference Proceedings, 1090 (2009) 189-193.
H. Iimura and F. Buchinger
Charge radii in macroscopic-microscopic mass models of reflection asymmetry
Phys. Rev., C78 (2008) 067301.
T. Ishii, H. Makii, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, M. Matsuda, A. Makishima, S. Shigematsu,
T. Shizuma, H. Toume, I. Hossain, T. Kohno and M. Ogawa
Observation of high-j quasiparticle states in 249Cm by in-beam�-ray spectroscopy using heavy-ion transfer
reactionsPhys. Rev, C78 (2008) 054309(1-11).
T. Ishii, H. Makii, M. Asai, H. Koura, S. Shigematsu, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, M. Matsuda,
A. Makishima, T. Shizuma, J. Kaneko, H. Toume, I. Hossain, S. Ichikawa, T. Kohno, and M. Ogawa
In-beam �-ray spectroscopy of neutron-rich nuclei in the uranium region through the heavy-ion transfer
reaction
Proc. Int. Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC 2007), (Tokyo 2007) Vol. 2, pp. 257-259.

Meetings
J.J. Carroll
Studies of nuclear structure related to an induced depletion of isomers
Ulaanbaatar Conference on Nuclear Physics and Applications, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia (Sep. 8, 2008).
J.J. Carroll
Search for induced depletion of nuclear isomers
39th Winter Colloquium on the Physics of Quantum Electronics, Snowbird, USA (Jan. 4, 2009)
M. Koizumi, Y. Toh, M. Oshima, A. Kimura, Y. Hatsukawa, H. Harada, F. Kitatani, S. Nakamura,
K. Furutaka, M. Sugawara, and T. Morikawa
Study of low-lying nuclear structure of 102Ru
Annual meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan (Mar. 28, 2009).
M. Asai
Gamma-ray spectroscopy of heavy-actinide and transactinide nuclei: toward more neutron-rich and- 130 -

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

heavier nuclei
CNS-RIKEN Joint International Symposium on Frontier Gamma-ray Spectroscopy and Perspectives for
Nuclear Structure Studies (Gamma08), Wako, Japan (Apr. 5, 2008).
M. Asai, K. Tsukada, M. Sakama, Y. Ishii, A. Toyoshima, T. Ishii, I. Nishinaka, Y. Nagame, Y. Kasamatsu,
H. Haba, Y. Kojima, M. Shibata, H. Hayashi and K. Sueki
Gamma-ray spectroscopy of the heaviest nuclei at JAEA tandem accelerator
6th Japan-Italy Symposium on Heavy-ion Physics �ASR2008: Perspective in Nuclear Physics�, Tokai,
Japan (Nov. 12, 2008).
M. Asai�-� spectroscopy of superheavy nuclei
Fall meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Yamagata, Japan (Sep. 22, 2008).
M. Asai, H. Hayashi, A. Osa, T. K. Sato, Y. Otokawa, D. Nagae, K. Tsukada, Y. Miyashita, H. Ouchi,
S. Izumi and T. Shinozuka
Lifetime measurements for long-lived isomers in 162,165Gd using a total absorption detector
Annual meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan (Mar. 28, 2009).
E. Ideguchi, S. Ota, T. Morikawa, T. Shizuma, M. Oshima, M. Koizumi, Y. Toh, Y. Hatsukawa, A. Kimura,
K. Furutaka, S. Nakamura, F. Kitatani, H. Harada, M. Sugawara, Y. Watanabe, Y. Hirayama and
H. Miyatake
Study of high-spin states in 40Ar
Annual meeting of The Physical Society of Japan (Mar. 28, 2009).
E. Ideguchi
Collective band structure in 40Ar
3rd LACM-EFES-JUSTIPEN workshop, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA (Feb. 23, 2009).
E. Ideguchi
Study of high-spin states in A�30 region
Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)
H. Schuessler, F. Buchinger, T. Cocolios, J.E. Crawford, S. Gulick, H. Iimura, J.K.P. Lee, C.D.P. Levy,
M. Pearson, V. Lioubimov, F. Zhu, J. Rikovska, S.D. Rosner, R. Thompson and R. Wyss
Nuclear moments of the radioactive isotope 131La determined by collinear fast-beam laser spectroscopy
5th International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses ENAM ‘08, Ryn, Poland (Sep. 11,
2008).

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H. Iimura and F. Buchinger
Charge radii in modern macroscopic-microscopic mass models
5th International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses ENAM ‘08, Ryn, Poland (Sep. 11,
2008).
H. Iimura and F. Buchinger
Nuclear charge radii calculated with Finite Range Droplet Model
Annual meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan (Mar. 29, 2009).
R. Takahashi, T. Ishii, D. Nagae, M. Asai, H. Makii, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, Y. Ishii, M. Matsuda,
T. Shizuma, A. Makishima, T. Kohno and M. Ogawa
In-beam �-ray spectroscopy of 248,250,252Cf using neutron-transfer reactions
Annual meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan (Mar. 28, 2009).
T. Ishii
Development of in-beam �-ray spectroscopy in combination with charged-particle detection
Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)- 132 -－ 132 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

8.3 Nuclear Reaction
Journal/Proceedings
S. Mitsuoka, H. Ikezoe, K. Nishio, Y. Watanabe, and S.C. Jeong
Barrier distribution of quasi-elastic backward scattering of 48Ti, 54Cr, 56Fe, 64Ni, 70Zn and 86Kr on 208Pb
AIP Conf. Proc. 1098, 122 - 127 (2009).
S. Mitsuoka, H. Ikezoe, K. Nishio, Y. Watanabe, S.C. Jeong, H. Ishiyama, Y. Hirayama,
N. Imai, and H. Miyatake
Barrier distribution of quasi-elastic backward scattering
AIP Conf. Proc. 1120, 15 – 20 (2009).
K. Nishio, H. Ikezoe, S. Mitsuoka, I. Nishinaka, Y. Nagame, Y. Watanabe, T. Ohtsuki, K. Hirose, andS.Hofmann
Effects of nuclear orientation on the mass distribution of fission fragments in the reaction of 36S + 238U
Phys. Rev. C, 77, 064607(1-5) (2008).
J. Khuyagbaatar, S. Hofmann, F.P. Hessberger, D. Ackermann, H.G. Burkhard, S. Heinz, B. Kindler,
I. Kojouharov, B. Lommel, R. Mann, J. Maurer, K. Nishio, and Yu. Novikov
Spontaneous fission of neutron-deficient fermium isotopes and the new nucleus 241Fm
Eur. Phys. J. A, 37, 177-183 (2008).
S. Heinz, V. Comas, F.P. Hessberger, S. Hofmann, D. Ackermann, H.G. Burkhard, Z. Gan, J. Heredia,
J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler, B. Lommel, R. Mann, J. Maurer, K. Nishio, and B. Sulignano
Di-nuclear systems studied with the velocity filter SHIP
Eur. Phys. J. A, 38, 227-232 (2008).
�
J. Dvorak, W. Bruchle, M. Chelnokov, Ch. E. Dullmann, Z. Dvorakova, K. Eberhardt, E. Jager, R. Krucken,
A. Kuznetsov, Y. Nagame, F. Nebel, K. Nishio, R. Perego, Z. Qin, M. Schadel, B. Schausten, E. Schimpf,
R. Schuber, A. Semchenkov, P. Thorle, A. Turler, M. Wegrzecki, B. Wierczinski, A. Yakushev, andA. Yeremin
Observation of the 3n evaporation channel in the complete hot-fusion reaction 26Mg + 248Cm leading to the
new superheavy nuclide 271Hs
Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 132503 (2008).
�
S. Antalic, F.P. Hessberger, S. Hofmann, D. Ackermann, S. Heinz, B. Kindler, I. Kojouharov, P. Kuusiniemi,
M. Leino, B. Lommel, R. Mann, K. Nishio, B. Sulignano, B. Sulignano, and M. Venhart
Decay studies of neutron deficient lawrencium isotopes
Eur. Phys. J. A, 38, 219-226 (2008).

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

�
K. Nishio, S. Hofmann, H. Ikezoe, F.P. Hessberger, D. Ackermann, S. Antalic, V. Comas, Z. Gan, S. Heinz,
J. Heredia, J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler, I. Kojouharov, P. Kuusiniemi, B. Lommel, R. Mann, M. Mazzocco,
S. Mitsuoka, Y. Nagame, T. Ohtsuki, A.G. Popeko, S. Saro, H.J. Shoett, B. Sulignano, A. Svirikhin,
K. Tsukada, and A.V. Yeremin
Orientation effects of deformed 238U target nuclei on the fusion probability for heavy element synthesis
Proc. Int. Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC 2007), Vol. 2, pp. 516-518.
�
K. Nishio, H. Ikezoe, S. Mitsuoka, I. Nishinaka, Y. Nagame, Y. Watabnabe, T. Ohtsuki, K. Hirose, andS. Hofmann
Effects of nuclear orientation on fission fragment mass distributions in the reaction of 34,36S + 238U
New Aspects of Heavy Ion Collisions Near the Coulomb barrier, “FUSION08”, Chicago, USA,AIP Conf. Proc. 1098, p.289-294.
�
K. Nishio, H. Ikezoe, S. Mitsuoka, I. Nishinaka, Y. Watanabe, Y. Nagame, T. Ohtsuki, K. Hirose, andS. Hofmann
Effects of nuclear orientation on fusion and fission process in heavy ion reactions
Proceedings of the 6th Japan-Italy Symposium on Heavy-Ion Physics,
AIP Conf. Proc. 1120, p.275-279.
I. Nishinaka, M. Tanikawa, S. Goto, K. Nishio, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, Y. Nagame, and H. Kudo
Excitation energy dependence of fragment mass and total kinetic energy distributions in proton-induced
fission of uranium isotopes
The 23rd International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC2007), Tokyo, Japan (Jun. 3-8, 2007)
Proceedings of the 23rd International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC2007), 2 (2008) 434-436.
I. Nishinaka, M. Tanikawa, S. Goto, K. Nishio, M. Asai, S. Ichikawa, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, H. Haba,
K. Akiyama, A. Yokoyama, Y. Nagame, and H. Kudo
Excitation energy dependence of fragment mass and total kinetic energy distributions in proton-induced
fission of light actinides
The 4th International Conference on Fission and Properties of Neutron-Rich Nuclei, Sanibel, USA (Nov.
11-17, 2008)
Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Fission and Properties of Neutron-Rich Nuclei, (2008)
206-211.

Meetings
S. Mitsuoka, H. Ikezoe, K. Nishio, Y. Watanabe, and S.C. Jeong
Barrier distribution of quasi-elastic backward scattering of 48Ti, 54Cr, 56Fe, 64Ni, 70Zn and 86Kr on 208Pb- 134 － 134 －JAEA-Review 2009-036

International Conference on New Aspects of heavy Ion Collisions Near the Coulomb Barrier, FUSION08,
Chicago, USA, Sep. 22-26, 2008.
S. Mitsuoka, H. Ikezoe, K. Nishio, Y. Watanabe, S.C. Jeong, H. Ishiyama, Y. Hirayama,
N. Imai, and H. Miyatake
Barrier distribution of quasi-elastic backward scattering
6th Japan-Italy symposium on Heavy-Ion Physics, ASR2008, Tokai, Japan,
Nov. 11-15, 2008.
K. Nishio, H. Ikezoe, S. Mitsuoka, I. Nishinaka, Y. Watanabe, Y. Nagame, T. Ohtsuki, K. Hirose, andS. Hofmann
Effects of nuclear deformation of 238U on the fission fragment mass distribution in the reaction of 30Si +238

U

Annual meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo (March.27-30, 2009)
K. Nishio
Effects of nuclear orientation on fusion and fission process for reactions using actinide nuclei
Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)
K. Nishio
Fusion and fission process for the reactions involving actinide target nuclei
Molecular structure and low energy nuclear reactions, Kyoto University, July.2 – 4, 2008

I. Nishinaka, M. Tanikawa, Y. Nagame, and H. Nakahara
Nuclear-charge polarization at scission in proton-induced fission of light actinides
International Conference on New Aspects of Heavy Ion Collisions near the Coulomb Barrier(Fusion08), Chicago, (Sep. 26, 2008).
H. Kawamura
The first T-Violation Experiment at KEK-TRIAC
Spin Praha 2008, Prague, Czech (July 20-26, 2008).

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8.4

Nuclear Chemistry

Journal/Proceedings

A. Toyoshima, H. Haba, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, K. Akiyama, S. Goto, W.Sato, Y. Ishii, I. Nishinaka,
T. K. Sato, Y. Nagame, Y. Tani, H. Hasegawa, K. Matsuo, D. Saika, Y. Kitamoto, A. Shinohara, M. Ito,J. Saito, H. Kudo, A. Yokoyama, M. Sakama, K. Sueki, Y. Oura, H. Nakahara, M. Schädel, W. Brüchle,
and J. V. Kratz
Hexafluoro complex of rutherfordium in mixed HF/HNO3 solutions
Radiochim. Acta 96 (2008) 125-134.
A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, Y. Kitatsuji, K. Tsukada, H. Haba, A. Shinohara, and Y. Nagame
Development of an electrochemistry apparatus for the heaviest elements
Radiochim. Acta 96 (2008) 323-326.
Y. Kasamatsu, A. Toyoshima, H. Haba, H. Toume, K. Tsukada, K. Akiyama, T. Yoshimura, and
Y. Nagame
Adsorption of Nb, Ta and Pa on anion-exchanger in HF and HF/HNO3 solution – Model experiments
for the chemical study of Db J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 279 (2009) 371-376.
K. Tsukada, H. Haba, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, K. Akiyama, Y. Kasamatsu, I. Nishinaka, S. Ichikawa,
K. Yasuda, Y. Miyamoto, K. Hashimoto, Y. Nagame, S. Goto, H. Kudo, W. Sato, A. Shinohara, Y. Oura,
K. Sueki, H. Kikunaga, N. Kinoshita, A. Yokoyama, M. Schädel, W. Brüchle, and J. V. Kratz
Adsorption of Db and its homologues Nb and Ta, and the pseudo-homologue Pa on anion-exchange
resin in HF solution
Radiochim. Acta 97 (2009) 83-89.

Meetings
Y. Kasamatsu, A. Toyoshima, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, Y. Ishii, I. Nishinaka, T.K. Sato, Z. Li, T. Kikuchi,
Y. Nagame, S. Goto, H. Haba, and K. Akiyama
Anion-exchange experiments of nuclear reaction products transported by He/KCl and He/KF gas-jet
systems
Annual Meeting of the Japan Society of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences – The 52th Symposium onRadiochemistry, Hiroshima, Japan (Sep. 25, 2008).
Z. Li., A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, Y. Nagame, and H. Haba
Ion-exchange behavior of Zr and Hf as homologues of Rf in sulfuric acid solution
52th Symposium on Radiochemistry, Hiroshima, Japan (Sep. 25-27, 2008).

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

Y. Nagame, A. Toyoshima, Y. Ishii, Y. Kasamatsu, H. Toume, M. Asai, and K. Tsukada
Chemical characterization of the transactinide elements Rf and Db at JAEAACS National Meeting, New Orleans, LA, USA, April 6-10, 2008.
A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, K. Tsukada, Y. Kitatsuji, H. Haba, Y. Ishii, H. Toume, M. Asai,
K. Akiyama, K. Ooe, W. Sato, A. Shinohara, and Y. Nagame
Characterization of Heavy Actinides with Electrochemistry
ACS National Meeting, New Orleans, LA, USA, April 6-10, 2008.
A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, K. Tsukada, A. Kitatsuji, H. Haba, M. Aasi, Y. Ishii, H. Toume,
K. Akiyama, K. Ooe, W. Sato, A. Shinohara, and Y. Nagame
Electrochemical Oxidation of Element 102, Nobelium
2nd International Nuclear Chemistry Congress, Cancún, Mexico, April 13-18, 2008.
Y. Nagame, K. Akiyama, M. Asai, S. Goto, H. Haba, Y. Ishii, Y. Kasamatsu, I. Nishinaka, T. K. Sato,
H. Tome, A. Toyoshima, and K. Tsukada
Fluoro complex formation of Rf and Db
7th International Conference on Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Budapest, Hungary, August 24-29, 2008.
Y. NagameChemical characterization of the heaviest elements at JAEA
American Chemical Society Meeting, Salt Lake City, USA, March 22, 2009.
Y. Nagame, M. Asai, Y. Kasamatsu, T. K. Sato, A. Toyoshima, and K. Tsukada
Rapid chemical separation apparatus for atom-at-a-time chemistry of the heaviest elements
American Chemical Society Meeting, Salt Lake City, USA, March 22, 2009.
Y. Kasamatsu, A. Toyoshima, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, Y. Ishii, I. Nishinaka, T. K. Sato, Z. Li, T. Kikuchi,
Y. Nagame, S. Goto, H. Haba, and K. Akiyama
Anion-exchange experiments of nuclear reaction products transported by He/KCl and He/KF gas-jet
systems
52nd Symposium on Radiochemistry, Hiroshima, Japan (Sept. 25-27, 2008).
Z. Li, A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, Y. Nagame, and H. Haba
Ion-exchange behavior of Zr and Hf as homologues of Rf in sulfuric acid solution
52nd Symposium on Radiochemistry, Hiroshima, Japan (Sept. 25-27, 2008).
K. Tsukada, Y. Kasamatsu, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, Y. Ishii, and Y. Nagame
New apparatus for aqueous chemistry of the heaviest elements
52nd Symposium on Radiochemistry, Hiroshima, Japan (Sept. 25-27, 2008).

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A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, K. Tsukada, Y. Kitatsuji, Y. Ishii, H. Toume, M. Asai, Y. Nagame,
H. Haba, K. Akiyama, K. Ooe, W. Sato, and A. Shinohara
Oxidation of nobelium by an electrochemical approach52nd Symposium on Radiochemistry, Hiroshima, Japan (Sept. 25-27, 2008).
A. Toyoshima
Chemical studies of rutherfordium and nobelium on an atom-at-a-time scale
52nd Symposium on Radiochemistry, Hiroshima, Japan (Sept. 25-27, 2008).
K. Tsukada, Y. Kasamatsu, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, Y. Ishii, Z. Li, T. K. Sato, I. Nishinaka,
Y. Nagame, T. Kikuchi, S. Goto, T. Hasegawa, H. Kudo, H. Fujisawa, K. Ooe, W. Yahagi, W. Sato,
A. Shinohara, T. Nanri, M. Araki, A. Yokoyama, F. Fan, Y. Kudou, and Y. Oura
Anion-exchange behavior of element-105 (Db) in HF/HNO3 solutions using a newly developed
on-line experimental system
Spring meeting of The Chemical Society of Japan, Hunabashi, Chiba (Mar. 29, 2009).
T. K. Sato, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, Y. Kasamatsu, Z. Li, Y. Ishii, H. Haba, S. Goto,
H. Kudo, and Y. Nagame
Development of an on-line isothermal gas chromatographic apparatus for gas chemistry of Sg (Z =106)�Spring meeting of The Chemical Society of Japan, Hunabashi, Chiba (Mar. 29, 2009).

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8.5 Nuclear Theory
Journal/Proceedings
V. Tripathi, S.L. Tabor, P. Bender, C.R. Hoffman, S. Lee, K. Pepper, M. Perry, P.F. Mantica, J.M. Cook,
J. Pereira, J.S. Pinter, J.B. Stoker, D. Weisshaar, Y. Utsuno, and T. Otsuka
Excited intruder states in 32Mg
Phys.Rev. C, 77 (2008) 034310-1-8.
K. Minamisono, P.F. Mantica, H.L. Crawford, J.S. Pinter, J. B. Stoker, Y. Utsuno, and R.R. Weerasiri,
Quadrupole moment of 37K
Phys. Lett. B, 662 (2008) 389-394.
S. Ettenauer, H. Zwahlen, P. Adrich, D. Bazin, C.M. Campbell, J.M. Cook, A.D. Davies, D.-C. Dinca,
A. Gade, T. Glasmacher, J.-L. Lecouey, W.F. Mueller, T. Otsuka, R.R. Reynolds, L.A. Riley, J.R. Terry,
Y. Utsuno, and K. Yoneda
Intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation of 30Na,
Phys. Rev. C, 78 (2008) 017302-1-4.
T. Otsuka, T. Suzuki, and Y. Utsuno
Exotic Nuclei and Yukawa's Forces
Nucl. Phys. A ,805 (2008) 127c-136c.
L.A. Riley, P. Adrich, T.R Baugher, D. Bazin, B.A. Brown, J.M. Cook, P.D. Cottle, C.A. Diget, A. Gade,
D.A. Garland, T. Glasmacher, K.E. Hosier, K.W. Kemper, T. Otsuka, W.D.M. Rae, A. Ratkiewicz,
K.P. Siwek, J.A. Tostevin, Y. Utsuno, and D. Weisshaar
d5/2 proton hole strength in neutron-rich 43P: Shell structure and nuclear shapes near N = 28
Phys. Rev. C, 78 (2008) 011303(R)-1-5.
V. Tripathi, S.L. Tabor, P.F. Mantica, Y. Utsuno, P. Bender, J. Cook, C.R. Hoffman, S. Lee, T. Otsuka,
J. Pereira, M. Perry, K. Pepper, J.S. Pinter, J. Stoker, A. Volya, and D. Weisshaar
Intruder Configurations in the A=33 Isobars: 33Mg and 33Al
Phys. Rev. Lett., 101 (2008) 142504-1-4.
M. Wiedeking, E. Rodriguez-Vieitez, P. Fallon, M.P. Carpenter, R.M. Clark, D. Cline, M. Cromaz,
M. Descovich, R.V.F. Janssens, I.-Y. Lee, M.-A. Deleplanque, A.O. Macchiavelli, F.S. Stephens, R. Teng,
X. Wang, D. Ward, C.Y. Wu, S. Zhu, T. Otsuka, Y. Utsuno, and A. Volya
Intruder excitations in 35P
Phys. Rev. C, 78 (2008) 037302-1-4.

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D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, N. Sato, T. Ichikawa, E. Ideguchi, K. Ozeki, H. Haba, H. Koura, Y. Kudou,
A. Ozawa, T. Sumita, T. Yamaguchi, A. Yoneda, A. Yoshida, and K. Morita
Production of a New Hassium Isotope 263Hs
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 78 (2009) 03500
T. Maruyama, S. Chiba, H.-J. Schulze and T. Tatsumi
Properties of hyperon-quark mixed phase in compact stars
J. Phys. G 35, (2008) 104076
T. Muto, T. Maruyama and T. Tatsumi
Structure of multi-antikaonic nuclei in the relativistic mean-field model
Mod. Phys. Lett. A 23 (2008) 2536
T. Maruyama, S. Chiba and T. Tatsumi
Non-uniform structure of matter and the equation of stateInt. J. Mod. Phys. E 17 (2008) 1774
T. Maruyama, S. Chiba and T. Tatsumi
Equation of state of nuclear matter in the first order phase transition
AIP Conf. Proc. 1120 (2009) 129
N. Yasutake, T. Maruyama, T. Tatsumi, K. Kiuchi and K. Kotake
General relativistic compact stars with exotic matter
AIP Conf. Proc. 1120 (2009) 146
T. Muto, T. Maruyama and T. Tatsumi
Structure of Multi-Antikaonic Nuclei
AIP Conf. Proc. 1120 (2009) 270

Meetings
Y. Utsuno, B.A. Brown, T. Otsuka, M. Honma, and T. Mizusaki
Single-particle structure of exotic nuclei in the sd-pf shell by a new shell-model interaction
Nuclear Structure 2008 Conference, East Lansing, USA (Jun. 5, 2008).
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, B. A. Brown, M. Honma, and T. Mizusaki
Deep proton hole states of 48Ca studied by (e,e’p) and its implications on the tensor shell evolution
Joint Meeting of Hokudai-TORIJIN-JUSTIPEN-EFES Workshop “Perspectives in Resonances andContinua Nuclei” and “JUSTIPEN-EFES-Hokudai-UNEDF” meeting, Onuma, Japan (July 22, 2008).

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Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, B. A. Brown, M. Honma, and T. Mizusaki
Spectroscopic factor of unstable nuclei around N=28 and shell evolution
Fall meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Yamagata, Japan (Sep. 20, 2008).
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, B. A. Brown, M. Honma, and T. Mizusaki,
Shell evolution in the sd-pf shell studied by the shell model
6th Japan-Italy Symposium on Heavy Ion Physics, Tokai, Japan (Nov. 12, 2008).
Y. Utsuno
Toward understanding the whole nuclear chart by the shell model
RIBF users meeting 2008, Wako, Japan (Nov. 22, 2008).
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, B. A. Brown, M. Honma, and T. Mizusaki,
Description of shell evolution in unstable nuclei by the shell model
5th workshop on “Spectroscopy by Stopped and Slow RI Beam”, Toyonaka, Japan (Dec. 24, 2008).
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, B. A. Brown, M. Honma, and T. Mizusaki,
Shell and nuclear structure of unstable nuclei beyond N=28
Annual meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan (Mar. 27, 2009).
H. Koura
Phenomenological mass formulas and local fits
Mass Olympics, Trento, Italy (May 26-30, 2008)
O. V. Bespalova, I. N. Boboshin, V. V. Varlamov, T. A. Ermakova, B. S. Ishkhanov, S. Y. Komarov,
H. Koura, E. A. Romanovskii and T. I. Spasskaya
Single-particle energies of 1f and 2p proton states in 58,60,62,64Ni
Meeting on Nuclear Spectroscopy and Nuclear Structure (NUCLEUS-2008)"Fundamental Problems of Nuclear Physics, Nuclear Methods in Nanotechnology, Medicine and Atomic
Power Engineering," Moscow, Russia (Jun. 23-27, 2008)
H. Koura
Systematical Study of spherical single-particle levels for superheavy nuclei
Fall meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Yamagata, Japan (Sep. 20-23, 2008)
H. Koura
Nuclear mass formulae and the r-process nucleosynthesis
New Era of Nuclear Physics in the Cosmos -the r-process nucleosynthesis, Wako, Japan (Sep. 25-26, 2008)- 141 － 141 －JAEA-Review 2009-036

H. Koura, T. Tachibana and S. Chiba
Global properties of nuclear decay modes2008
Symposium on Nuclear Data, Tokai, Japan, (Nov. 20-21, 2008)
T. Tachibana, H. Koura and S. Chiba
Calculation of beta-delayed fission and neutron emission probabilities with the use of gross theory and
KTUY mass formula
Symposium on Nuclear Data, Tokai, Japan, (Nov. 20-21, 2008)
H. Koura, T. Tachibana and S. Chiba
Global properties of nuclear masses and decay modes
Fifth International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM '08), Ryn, Poland, (Sep. 7-13,
2008)
T. Tachibana, H. Koura and S. Chiba
Systematical calculation of beta-delayed fission and neutron emission probabilities for super-heavy andneutron-rich nuclei relevant to the r-process nucleosynthesis
Fifth International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM '08), Ryn, Poland, (Sep. 7-13,
2008)
M.S. Smith, E.J. Lingerfelt, K.Bucker, C.D. Nesaraja, H. Koura, and F. Kondev
Visualization, Analysis, and Management of Nuclear Mass information at nucearmasses.org
Fifth International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM '08), Ryn, Poland, (Sep. 7-13,
2008)
K. Oyamatsu, K. Iida and H. Koura
Nuclear Liquid-drop model revisited
Annual meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Ikebukuro, Japan (Mar. 27-30, 2009)
S. Hashimoto, K. Ogata, S. Chiba and M. Yahiro
Analysis of deuteron induced incomplete fusion reaction with Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels
methodFall meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Yamagata, Japan (Sep. 28th , 2008)
S. Hashimoto, K. Ogata, S. Chiba and M. Yahiro
Analysis of deuteron induced incomplete fusion reaction with Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels
methodSpring meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan (Mar. 23rd , 2009)- 142 -

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S. Hashimoto, K. Ogata, S. Chiba and M. Yahiro
Analysis of deuteron induced incomplete fusion reaction with Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels
methodAnnual meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan (Mar. 28th , 2009)
T. Maruyama, T. Maruyama, S.Chiba and T.Tatsumi
Structure and properties of nuclear matter at finite temperature studied by a relativistic mean field model
High-density nuclear matter and compact star phenomena, Kyoto, 5/30-31
T. Maruyama, H.-J. Schulze, S. Chiba and T. Tatsumi
Hyperon-quark mixed phase
High-density nuclear matter and compact star phenomena, Kyoto, 5/30-31
T. Maruyama, T. Maruyama, S. Chiba and T. Tatsumi
Structure and properties of nuclear matter at finite temperature studied by a relativistic mean field model
Fall meating of The Physical Society of Japan, Yamagata, 20-23 Sep
T. Maruyama, T. Muto and T. Tatsumi
Multi antikaonic states in nuclei
KEK meeting “Physics of J-PARC: New aspects of hadron and nuclei”, Tsukuba, 7-9 Aug
T. Maruyama, S. Chiba, H.-J. Schulze and T. Tatsumi
Hyperon Suppression in Hadron-Quark Mixed Phase
International Conference on Strangeness in Quark Matter, Beijing, 6-10 Oct. 2008,
T. Maruyama, S. Chiba and T. Tatsumi
Structured mixed phase and the equation of state
Nuclear Physics Meeting on “Clustering in Dilute Nuclear Matter”, Kizugawa, 18 Oct. 2008,
T. Maruyama, S. Chiba and T. Tatsumi
Equation of state of nuclear matter
6th Japan-Italy Symposium on Heavy Ion Physics, Tokai, 11-15 Nov. 2008,
T. Muto, T. Maruyama, and T. Tatsumi
Structure of multi-antikaonic nuclei
6th Japan-Italy Symposium on Heavy Ion Physics, Tokai, 11-15 Nov. 2008
N. Yasutake, T. Maruyama, T. Tatsumi, K. Kiuchi, and K. Kotakea
General relativistic compact stars with exotic matter; Effects of rotation and strong magnetic field
6th Japan-Italy Symposium on Heavy Ion Physics, Tokai, 11-15 Nov. 2008

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T. Maruyama, T. Muto and T. Tatsumi
Multi-antikaonic nuclei studied with relativistic mean field model
KEK theory group seminar, Tsukuba, 1 Dec
T. Maruyama, S. Chiba and T. Tatsumi
Equation of state of nuclear matter at the first order phase transition
RIKEN mini workshop on heavy-ion collisions and the equation of state, Wako, 16-17 Dec
N. Yasutake, T. Maruyama, and T. Tatsumi
Finite size effects on quark-hadron phase transition and structurs of compact stars
National Astronomy Observatory meeting “Future of theoretical astronomy”, Mitaka, 15-17 Dec
T. Maruyama, S. Chiba and T. Tatsumi
Properties of non-uniform nuclear matter at finite temperatureInt. school and workshop on the crust of compact stars and beyond, Coimbra, 5-13 Feb. 2009
T. Maruyama, S. Chiba and T. Tatsumi
Mixed phase and the equation of state at the first-order phase transition of nuclear matterNumazu workshop 2009, Numazu, 16-18 Mar
N. Yasutake, T. Maruyama, T. Tatsumi, K. Kiuchi and K .Kotake
Equation of state of quark-hadron mixed phase with pasta structures and neutron stars with strong
magnetic field
Annual meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo, 27-30 Mar
T. Muto, T. Maruyama and T. Tatsumi
Effects of K-K interaction on multi-kaonic nuclei
Annual meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo, 27-30 Mar- 144 -

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8.6

Atomic Physics and Solid State Physics

Journal/Proceedings
S. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro, M. Sataka, M. Imai, H. Sugai, K. Ozaki, H. Shibata and K. Komaki
Autoionization of Nq+ (q = 1-3) Rydberg states produced in high-energy collisions with He
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B267 (2009) 901-904.
S.C. Jeong, I. Katayama, H. Kawakami, Y. Watanabe, H. Ishiyama, N. Imai, Y. Hirayama, H. Miyatake,
M. Sataka, H. Sugai, S. Okayasu, S. Ichikawa, K. Nishio, S. Mitsuoka, T. Nakanoya, Takashi Hashimoto,Takanori Hashimoto and M. Yahagi
On-line diffusion tracing in Li ionic conductors by the short-lived radioactive beam of 8Li
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 47 (2008) 6413-6415.
S.C. Jeong, I. Katayama, H. Kawakami, Y. Watanabe, H. Ishiyama, N. Imai, Y. Hirayama, H. Miyatake,
M. Sataka, H. Sugai, S. Okayasu, S. Ichikawa, K. Nishio, S. Mitsuoka, T. Nakanoya, Takashi Hashimoto,Takanori Hashimoto and M. Yahagi
Abnormal Li diffusion in �-LiGa by the formation of defect complex
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 47 (2008) 6413-6415.

Meetings
S. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro, M. Sataka, M. Imai, H. Sugai, K. Ozaki, H. Shibata and K. Komaki
Autoionization of Nq+ (q = 1-3) Rydberg states produced in high-energy collisions with He
Seventh International Symposium on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter, Lyon, France (June 4, 2008).
�
S. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro, M. Sataka, M. Imai, H. Sugai, K. Ozaki, K. Kawaguchi, H. Shibata andK. Komaki
Coster-Kronig electron from Nq+ (q = 1-3) Rydberg states produced in high-energy collisions with He
14th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions, Chofu, Japan (September 2, 2008).
�
S. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro, M. Sataka, M. Imai, H. Sugai, K. Ozaki, K. Kawaguchi, H. Shibata andK. Komaki
Coster-Kronig electron from Oq+ (q = 1-4) Rydberg states produced in high-energy collisions with He
14th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions, Chofu, Japan (September 2, 2008).
�
M. Imai, M. Sataka, K. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro, K. Komaki, H. Shibata, H. Sugai, and K. Nishio
Equilibrium and non-equilibrium charge-state distributions of 2 MeV/u sulfur ions passing through carbon
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JAEA-Review 2009-036

Int. Natl’ Conf . on Atomic Collision in Solids(ICACS2008)
Hans Merensky, South Africa (August, 2008)
M. Imai, M. Sataka, K. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro, K. Komaki, H. Shibata, H. Sugai, and K. Nishio
Charge-state evolution of fully stripped Sulfur ions passing through carbon foil at 2.0MeV/u
Int. Natl’ Symp. on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter (SHIM2008)
Lyon, France (June, 2008)
�
H. Sugai
Diffusion experiments in Li ionic conductors using the short-lived radioactive beam of 8Li
Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)
N. Matsunami, H. Kakiuchida, M. Tazawa, M. Sataka, H. Sugai, and S. Okayasu
Electronic and atomic structure modifications of copper-nitride films by ion impact and phase separation
Int. Conf. Atomic Collisions in Solids, 2008, August, South Africa.
N. Matsunami, H. Kakiuchida, M. Tazawa, M. Sataka, H. Sugai, and S. Okayasu,
Ion irradiation effects on Cu3N films and phase separation
Fall meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Sapporo, Japan (Sep. 20, 2008).
�- 146 -

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8.7

Radiation Effects in Materials

Journal/Proceedings
S. Kosugi, Nao Fujita, Y. Zushi, T. Matsui, N. Ishikawa, Y. Saito, and A. Iwase
Modification of magnetic properties of FeRh intermetallic compounds by energetic ion beam bombardment
Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B267(2009)1612-1615.
H. Ohno, A. Iwase, D. Matsumura, Y. Nishihata, J. Mizuki, N. Ishikawa, Y. Baba, N. Hirao, T. Sonoda, andM. Kinoshita
Study on effects of swift heavy ion irradiation in cerium dioxide using synchrotron radiation X-ray
absorption spectroscopy�
Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B266(2008) 3013-3017.
H. Ohno, D. Matsumura, Y. Nishihata, J. Mizuki, N. Ishikawa, T. Sonoda, M. Kinoshita, and A. Iwase
Study on Effects of Heavy Ion Irradiation on CeO2 by Using Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Absorption
Spectroscopy-as a Simulation Study for Radiation Damage in High-Burnup Light Water Reactor Fuels-�
Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 1043-T09-02(2008)
M. Shirai, K. Tsumori, M. Kutsuwada, K. Yasuda, and S. Matsumura
Morphological change in FePt nanogranular thin films induced by swift heavy ion irradiation
Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 267 (2009) 1787.
M. Shirai, K. Tsumori, K. Yasuda and S. Matsumura
Electron tomography observation of FePt nanogranlar thin films irradiated with 210 MeV Xe ions
Materia Japan 47 (2008) 639. (in Japanese)
M. Sasase, K. Shimura, K. Yamaguchi, H. Yamamoto, S. Shamoto and K. Hojou
Sputter etching effect of the substrate on the microstructure of �-FeSi2 thin film prepared by ion beam
sputter deposition method
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B257 (2007) 186.
T. Sonoda, M. Kinoshita, N. Ishikawa, M. Sataka, Y. Chimi, N. Okubo, and A. Iwase
Clarification of the properties and accumulation effects of ion tracks in CeO2
Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 266 (2008) 2882-2886.
N. Ishikawa, Y. Chimi, O. Michikami, Y. Ohta, K. Ohhara, M. Lang and R. Neumann
Study of structural change in CeO2 irradiated with high-energy ions by means of X-ray diffraction
measurement
Nuclear Instr. and Meth. B 266 (2008) 3033.

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K. Ohhara, N. Ishikawa, S. Sakai, Y. Matsumoto, O. Michikami and Y. Ohta
Oxygen defects created in CeO2 irradiated with 200MeV Au ions
Nuclear Instr. and Meth. B 267 (2009) 973.

Meetings�
�
S. Kosugi, Nao. Fujita, T. Matsui, N. Ishiakwa, Y. Saito, R. Neumenn, and A. Iwase
Low temperature ferromagnetism induced by high energy ion irradiation in FeRh bulk alloy
Annual meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo (Mar. 27, 2009)
Nao. Fujita, S. Kosugi, Y. Zushi, T. Matsui, N. Ishikawa, Y. Saito, and A. Iwase
Heavy ion irradiation effects on the magnetic properties of FeRh thin films(II)Fall meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Iwate (Sep. 20, 2008)
S. Kosugi, Nao. Fujita, Y. Zushi, T. Matsui, N. Ishikawa, Y. saito, R. Neumann, and A. Iwase
Energy dependence of the ion irradiation effects on FeRh alloy
Fall meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Iwate (Sep. 20, 2008)
S. Kosugi, Nao. Fujita, Y. Zushi, T. Matsui , N. Ishikawa, Y. Saito, and A. Iwase
Modification of magnetic properties of FeRh bulk alloys by energetic heavy ion irradiation
International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials(IBMM2008), Germany (Sep.2, 2008)
S. Kosugi, Nao. Fujita, T. Matsui, Y. Saito, N. Ishikawa, and A. Iwase
Low temperature ferromagnetism induced by high energy ion irradiation in FeRh alloy
FORUM21(Jan. 9,2009)�
A. Iwase, N. Ishikawa, D. Matsumura, Y. Nishihata, J. Mizuki, Y. Baba, N. Hirao, T. Sonoda, andM. Kinoshita
Study on the behavior of oxygen atoms in swift heavy ion irradiated CeO2 by means of synchrotron
radiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy�
Fall meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Kochi (Sept. 5,2008)
H. Ohno D. Matsumura Y. Nishihata J. Mizuki B. Baba N. Hirao N. Ishikawa and A. Iwase
Modification of Ce valence state and electric conductivity of CeO2 by means of high energy ion irradiation
International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials(IBMM2008)�Germany�(Sept 2,2008)
A. Iwase, H. Ohno, D. Matsumura, Y. Nishihata, J. Mizuki, N. Ishikawa, Y. Baba, N. Hirao, T. Sonoda, andM. Kinoshita
Study on the microstructure of swift heavy ion irradiated CeO2 by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray- 148 -

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JAEA-Review 2009-036

photoelectron spectroscopy and Ce K-edge EXAFS spectroscopy
Symposium on Swift Heavy ions in Matter(SHIM2008) France (June 4,2008)
�
M. Shirai, K. Tsumori, M. Kutsuwada, K. Yasuda, and S. Matsumura
Morphological change in FePt nanogranular thin films induced by swift heavy ion irradiation
16th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (IBMM 2008), Dresden, Germany(Sep. 3, 2008).
M. Shirai, K. Tsumori, K. Yasuda, and S. Matsumura
Modification of FePt nanoparticles induced by swift heavy ion irradiation
Spring meeting of the Japanese Society of Microscopy, Kyoto, Japan (May. 23, 2008)
K. Tsumori, M. Shirai, K. Yasuda, and S. Matsumura
Swift heavy irradation effect in FePt nanogranular thin films
Fall meeting of the Japan Institute of Metals, Kumamoto, Japan (Sep. 24, 2008)
�
M. Sasase, K. Shimura, K. Yamaguchi, H. Yamamoto, S. Shamoto and K. Hojou
Sputter etching effect of the substrate on the microstructure of �-FeSi2 thin film prepared by ion beam
sputter deposition method
17th International Vacuum Congress (IVC-17), Stockholm, Sweden (July 2-6, 2007).
�
T. Sonoda, N. Ishikawa, M. Sataka, S. Okubo, K. Yasunaga, K. Yasuda, K. Shiiyama, S. Matsumura,A. Iwase, and M. Kinoshita,
New Cross-Over Project Study (2) Ion irradiation examinations on UO2 and CeO2 for clarification of grain
sub-division mechanism in high burnup fuels
Fall meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Kochi Univ. of Tech. (Sept. 5, 2008)
T. Sonoda
Electronic excitation effects on the microstructural evolution in UO2 under irradiation with high energy
ions
Global COE Workshop on Multi-scale Modeling on Materials Science -- Exploring a New Approach in
Nuclear Fuel Technology --, University of Tokyo, (Dec 8, 2008)
T. Sonoda
Radiation effects of high energy fission products in light water reactor fuels
Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)
T. Sonoda, K. Yasunaga, N. Ishikawa, M. Sataka, Y. Chimi, S. Okubo, A. Iwase, and M. Kinoshita,
Electronic excitation effects on the microstructural evolution in UO2 and CeO2 under irradiation with high- 149 -－ 149 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

energy ionsNXO IWS-5, University of Tokyo, (Feb. 2-3, 2009) �
T. Sonoda, K. Nishida, K. Dohi, S. Kitajima, T. Kameyama, K. Ohira and Y. Otsuka
Microstructure observations of nuclear fuel cladding materials with 3D atom probe and TEM
Spring meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Tokyo Inst. of Tech. (March. 23, 2009)
N. Ishikawa, K. Ohhara, S. Yamamoto, H. Sugai and T. Sonoda
Microstructure formation in ion-irradiated CeO2 in high fluence region
Fall meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Iwate, Japan (Sep. 20, 2008)
N. Ishikawa
Study on ion-track formation behavior
Biennial meeting of the JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, on the occasion of attaining a-hundred-thousand
hours of accelerator operation for experiments, Tokai, Japan (Jan. 6-7, 2009)
N. Ishikawa
Development of accelerator experiment setup for radiation damage studies of nuclear fuels
New Crossover Project Workshop, Tokyo, Japan (Jan. 7, 2009)
K. Ohhara, N. Ishikawa, S. Sakai, Y. Matsumoto, O. Michikami , Y. Ohta and Y. Kimura
Radiation damage in CeO2 irradiated with high energy ions
Annual meeting of The Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan (Mar. 28, 2009)- 150 -

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CHAPTER 9
Personnel and Committee

9.1

Personnel

9.2

Research Planning and Assessment Committee- 151 － 151 －This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2009-036

9.1

Personnel
Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator
Kiyonobu Yamashita

Director

Masao

SatakaDeputy Director

YuichiTerakado

Manager of Administration Section

SuehiroTakeuchiDepartment of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator
Tandem Accelerator Section ( * General Manager )Scientific Staff
TetsuroIshii*

AkihikoOsa

MakotoMatsudaTechnical Staff
Yoshihiro Tsukihasi
SusumuHanashima

Shin-ichi

Abe

Nobuhiro Ishizaki
Hidekazu Tayama
Takamitsu Nakanoya
Hiroshi

Kabumoto

Masahiko Nakamura
Ken-ichiKutsukake

Yoshinori Otokawa
Takuhiro

Asozu

Entrusted Operators
Takahiro

YoshidaTakayuki

Ishiguro

Kazushi

Yamaguchi

HikaruNisugi

Nobuo

Seki

Teruo

OnoderaEntrusted AssistantKenjiroObara

Department of Radiation Protection
Facility Radiation Control Section I
Kenji

Yamane(to Sep. 30)

Kunio

Kawarai(from Oct. 1)- 153 -

－ 153 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

Katsuji

Yasu

HayatoHiragaDaisukeHigashiSusumuKinaseAdvanced Science Research Center
Yoshihiko Hatano

Director

Hiroshi

Deputy Director

IkezoeAdvanced Science Research Center
Research Group for Shell Structure and Reaction Properties of Heavy Nuclei far from
Stability ( * Group Leader )Hiroari

Miyatake*

SatoshiChiba

ToshikiMaruyama

Shin-ichi

Mitsuoka

Katsuhisa Nishio
Hiroyuki

Koura

YutakaUtsunoIchiroNishinaka

Daisuke

Nagae(Post Doc.)

Shintaro

Hashimoto(Post Doc.)Shin-ichi

Ichikawa

Ryuta

Takahashi(Student)

Advanced Science Research Center
Research Group for Nuclear Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements ( * Group Leader )Yuichiro

Nagame*Kazuaki

TsukadaMasatoAsai

Tetsuya

Sato

AtsushiToyoshima(Senior Post Doc.)

Yoshitaka Kasamatsu(Post Doc.)

Zijie

Li

(Post Doc.)

Takahiro

Kikuchi(Student)

Advanced Science Research Center
Research Group for Material Design under Extreme Conditions
SatoruOkayasu

NoritoIshikawa- 154 -

－ 154 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

Hiroyuki Sugai
Teruo

Kato

Advanced Science Research Center
Research Group for Strongly Correlated Supermolecules
Takayuki

Kumada

Yohei

Noda

(Post Doc.)

Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate
Innovative Nuclear Science Research Group ( * Group Leader )Masumi

Oshima*Hideo

HaradaHideki

IimuraMitsuoKoizumiKazuyoshi Furutaka
FumitoKitatani

Shoji

Nakamura

YosukeToh

Atsushi

Kimura

Kaoru

Hara

(Post Doc.)

Tadahiro

Kin(Post Doc.)

Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate
Research Group for Irradiation Field Materials ( * Group Leader )Shiro

Jitsukawa*Nariaki Okubo
DaijyuYamaki

Quantum Beam Science Directorate
Laser Accelerator Group
Toshiyuki Shizuma
Takehito

Hayakawa

Quantum Beam Science Directorate
Neutron Imaging and Activation Analysis Group
Yuichi

Hatsukawa

Nuclear Safety Research Center
Reactor Component Reliability Research Group
Yasuhiro

Chimi- 155 -－ 155 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

Tohru

TobitaHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies –Radioactive Nuclear Beams Project Group ( * Group Leader )Physics Division IV
Sun-Chan Jeong*
Hiroari

Miyatake

Hironobu Ishiyama
YutakaWatanabeNobuakiImai

Yoshikazu Hirayama
Yoshihide Fuchi
Michihiro Oyaizu
IchiroKatayama

Hirokane Kawakami
Physics Division I
Shoji

SuzukiHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)- Accelerator Laboratory Accelerator Division I
Shigeaki

Arai

MasashiOkada

KazuakiNiki- 156 -

－ 156 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

9.2 Research Planning and Assessment Committee
Chairman

Shigeru

Vice Chairman

Ken-ichiro Komaki

Kubono(Professor, The University of Tokyo)(Professor, National Center for University
Entrance Examination)

MemberTadashiKambara(Senior Scientist, RIKEN)

Kenji

Kimura(Professor, Kyoto University)

NoriakiMatsunami(Associate Professor, Nagoya University)

TetsuoNoro(Professor, Kyushu University)

Tsutomu

Ohtsuki(Associate Professor, Tohoku University)

Tadashi

Shimoda(Professor, Osaka University)

Koichi

Hagino(Associate Professor, Tohoku University)

Motoharu Mizumoto(Adjunct Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology)

Naotaka

Yoshinaga(Professor, Saitama University)

Yuichi

Hatsukawa(Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA)

Shiro

Jitsukawa(Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, JAEA)

Kazumasa Narumi(Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA)

Hiroshi(Deputy Director, Advanced Science Research Center,

Ikezoe

JAEA)
Masao

Sataka(Deputy Director, Dep. Research Reactor and Tandem
Accelerator, JAEA)

Organizer
Secretary

SuehiroTakeuchi(Dep. Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator, JAEA)

TetsuroIshii(G. Manager, Tandem Accelerator Section, JAEA)

AkihikoOsa(Tandem Accelerator Section, JAEA)

SusumuHanashima(Tandem Accelerator Section, JAEA)

157－ 157 －

This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2009-036

CHAPTER 10
Cooperative Researches and Common Use in JAEA
10.1 Cooperative Research Programs
10.2 Common Use Programs in JAEA

159
－ 159 －

This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2009-036

10.1 Cooperative Research Programs
Title

Contact Person & Organization

1. Process of structural change in light-water reactor fuel with
irradiation damage by fission products

Takeshi SONODA
Central Research Institute of ElectricPower Industry

2. Process of irradiation damage in nuclear reactor materials
with Fe base alloys

Akihiro IWASE
Osaka Prefecture University

3. Dynamic behavior of heavy ions in material

Kiyoshi KAWATURA
Kyoto Institute of Technology

4. Direct observation of vortices trapped in irradiated columnar
defects

Masato SASASE
The Wakasa-wan Energy ResearchCenter

5. Nano-fabrication of zeolite with high energy ion irradiations

Yukichi SASAKI
Japan Fine Ceramics Center

6. Effects on nuclear reactor material by swift heavy ion
irradiation

Takeshi SONODA
Central Research Institute of ElectricPower Industry

7. Study of microscopic property change in oxides by swift
heavy ions

Akihiro IWASE
Osaka Prefecture University

8. Material modifications by high-energy-heavy ions

Noriaki MATUNAMI
Nagoya University

9. Study of highly deformed states and high-spin shell structurein A~30 nuclei

Eiji IDEGUCHI
University of Tokyo

10. Coulomb excitation on neutron-rich Xe nuclei of fission
products

Sun-Chan JEONG
High Energy Accelerator Research
Organization

11. Nuclear spectroscopy using lasers for refractory elementisotope in Re region

Takayoshi HORIGUCHI
Hiroshima International University

12. Aqueous chemistry of super-heavy element Rf and Db

Hisaaki KUDO
Niigata University

13. Alpha-gamma spectroscopy for super-heavy nuclei using
californium target

Keisuke SUEKI
University of Tsukuba

14. In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of super-heavy nuclei
using californium target

Toshiyuki KOUNOTokyo Institute of Technology

15. Development of spectrometer for in-beam gamma- rayspectroscopy of super-heavy nuclei

Toshiyuki KOUNOTokyo Institute of Technology

16. Study of highly deformed states and high-spin shellstructure in A~40 nuclei

Eiji IDEGUCHI
University of Tokyo161－ 161 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

10.1 Cooperative Research Programs (contd.)
Title

Contact Person & Organization

17. Electric quadrupole moment measurements of Sr isotopes

Masahiko SUGAWARA

by Coulomb excitation

Chiba Institute of Technology

18. Laser Spectroscopy of the Neutron Deficient Isotopes in

Takayoshi HORIGUCHI

Tungsten Region

Hiroshima International University

19. Aqueous chemistry of super-heavy element Db

Hisaaki KUDO
Niigata University

20. Precise measurement of first excited state energy ofeven-even Actinide nuclei

Keisuke SUEKI
University of Tsukuba

21. Study of new fission channels populated by quasi- fission

Tsutomu OHTSUKI
Tohoku University

22. Search of highly excited states of 10Be using 8Li+dHironobu ISHIYAMAHigh Energy Accelerator Research

reaction

Organization
23. Diffusion study in super-ionic conducting materials using
the short-lived nuclei

Sun-Chan JEONG
High Energy Accelerator Research
Organization

24. Development for search of time-reversal symmetry
violation using polarized nuclei

Jiro MURATA
Rikkyo University

25. Measurement of hyperfine field of 111Cd in thehigh-oriented pyrolytic graphite

Wataru SATO
Osaka University

26. Diffusion coefficient measurements of perovskite-type
lithium ion conductive oxides

Sun-Chan JEONG
High Energy Accelerator Research
Organization

27. Development of accelerator technology for short-lived
radioactive nuclear beam

Sun-Chan JEONG
High Energy Accelerator Research
Organization

162－ 162 －

JAEA-Review 2009-036

10.2 Common Use Programs in JAEA
Contact Person & Organization

Title

1. Measurement of hyperfine field in oxide magnetic material Wataru SATO
using gamma-ray perturbed angular correlation

Osaka University

2. Indirect determination of neutron radioactive capture cross Nobuaki IMAI
section on medium nuclei
High Energy Accelerator Research
Organization
3. Radiation-induced magnetic transition in FeRh alloys

Akihiro IWASE
Osaka Prefecture University

4. Aqueous and gas phase chemistry of lighter homologues
for chemical study of 104Rf and 105Db

Shinichi GOTO
Niigata University

5. Synthesis of water-soluble radioisotope-metallofullerenes

Keisuke SUEKI
University of Tsukuba

6. Study on electronic structure and processes for highly
charged heavy-ions by zero-degree electron spectroscopy
7. Nuclear structure study of

108,109

Ag by transfer reactions�

Makoto IMAI
Kyoto University
Jeff Carroll
Youngstown State University

8. Systematic study of signature inversion and shapecoexistence in high-spin states of medium-heavy nuclei

Xiao Hong Zhou
Institute of Modern Physics Chinese
Academy of Science

9. Decay study on fission products of238

U using on-line mass

separator

Michihiro SHIBATA
Nagoya University

10. Study of element synthesis in the universe via short-lived
nucleiHironobu ISHIYAMAHigh Energy Accelerator Research
Organization

11. Development of Semiconductor device using high-energy
ion implantation

Hitoshi SAKANE
S.H.I. Examination & Inspection,
LTD.

12. Electronic excitation effects on non-metals by highenergy heavy ions

Noriaki MATUNAMI
Nagoya University

163－ 163 －

This is a blank page.

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⴫㧝㧚SI ၮᧄන૏SI ၮᧄන૏

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ฬ⒓
⸥ภ
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A/m㊂ Ớ ᐲ (a) 㧘 Ớ ᐲ ࡕ࡞Ფ┙ᣇࡔ࡯࠻࡞
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ノᐲ ࠞࡦ࠺࡜Ფᐔᣇࡔ࡯࠻࡞
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ਸ਼ᢙ‫ޓ‬
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1021
1018
1015
1012
109
106
103
102
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⴫㧡㧚SI ធ㗡⺆⸥ภ ਸ਼ᢙ‫ ޓ‬ធ㗡⺆㨅ࠪ
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ฬ⒓⸥ภ
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min 1 min=60s
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⑽
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࡝࠶࠻࡞
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⚵┙㊂
SI ၮᧄන૏ߦࠃࠆ
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⸥ภ
⴫ߒᣇ
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m kg s-1ജ ߩ ࡕ ࡯ ࡔ ࡦ ࠻ ࠾ࡘ࡯࠻ࡦࡔ࡯࠻࡞
Nm
m2 kg s-2⴫㕙ᒛജ ࠾ࡘ࡯࠻ࡦᲤࡔ࡯࠻࡞
N/m
kg s-2ⷺㅦᐲ ࡜ࠫࠕࡦᲤ⑽rad/s
m m-1 s-1=s-1ⷺടㅦᐲ ࡜ࠫࠕࡦᲤ⑽Ფ⑽rad/s2
m m-1 s-2=s-2ᾲ ᵹ ኒ ᐲ , ᡼ ኿ ᾖ ᐲ ࡢ࠶࠻Ფᐔᣇࡔ࡯࠻࡞
kg s-3
W/m2
ᾲ ኈ ㊂ , ࠛ ࡦ ࠻ ࡠ ࡇ ࡯ ࠫࡘ࡯࡞Ფࠤ࡞ࡆࡦ
J/K
m2 kg s-2 K-1
Ყ ᾲ ኈ ㊂ 㧘 Ყ ࠛ ࡦ ࠻ ࡠ ࡇ ࡯ ࠫࡘ࡯࡞Ფࠠࡠࠣ࡜ࡓᲤࠤ࡞ࡆࡦ J/(kg K)
m2 s-2 K-1
Ყ ࠛ ࡀ ࡞ࠡ ࡯ ࠫࡘ࡯࡞Ფࠠࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
J/kg
m2 s-2ᾲવዉ₸ ࡢ࠶࠻Ფࡔ࡯࠻࡞Ფࠤ࡞ࡆࡦ W/(m K) m kg s-3 K-1
૕ Ⓧ ࠛ ࡀ ࡞ ࠡ ࡯ ࠫࡘ࡯࡞Ფ┙ᣇࡔ࡯࠻࡞ J/m3
m-1 kg s-2㔚⇇ߩᒝߐ ࡏ࡞࠻Ფࡔ࡯࠻࡞
V/m
m kg s-3 A-1
㔚⩄ኒᐲ ࠢ࡯ࡠࡦᲤ┙ᣇࡔ࡯࠻࡞ C/m3
m-3 sA⴫㕙㔚⩄ ࠢ࡯ࡠࡦᲤᐔᣇࡔ࡯࠻࡞ C/m2
m-2 sA㔚 ᧤ ኒ ᐲ 㧘 㔚 ᳇ ᄌ ૏ ࠢ࡯ࡠࡦᲤᐔᣇࡔ࡯࠻࡞ C/m2
m-2 sA⺃㔚₸ ࡈࠔ࡜࠼Ფࡔ࡯࠻࡞
F/m
m-3 kg-1 s4 A2ㅘ⏛₸ ࡋࡦ࡝࡯Ფࡔ࡯࠻࡞
H/m
m kg s-2 A-2
ࡕ ࡞ ࠛ ࡀ ࡞ ࠡ ࡯ ࠫࡘ࡯࡞Ფࡕ࡞
J/mol
m2 kg s-2 mol-1ࡕ࡞ࠛࡦ࠻ࡠࡇ࡯, ࡕ࡞ᾲኈ㊂ ࠫࡘ࡯࡞Ფࡕ࡞Ფࠤ࡞ࡆࡦ J/(mol K) m2 kg s-2 K-1 mol-1ᾖ ኿ ✢ ㊂ 㧔 㨄 ✢ ෸ ߮ ǫ ✢ 㧕 ࠢ࡯ࡠࡦᲤࠠࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ
C/kg
kg-1 sAๆ෼✢㊂₸ ࠣ࡟ࠗᲤ⑽Gy/s
m2 s-3᡼኿ᒝᐲ ࡢ࠶࠻Ფࠬ࠹࡜ࠫࠕࡦ
W/sr
m4 m-2 kg s-3=m2 kg s-3᡼኿ノᐲ ࡢ࠶࠻Ფᐔᣇࡔ࡯࠻࡞Ფࠬ࠹࡜ࠫࠕࡦ W/(m2 sr) m2 m-2 kg s-3=kg s-3㉂ ⚛ ᵴ ᕈỚ ᐲ ࠞ࠲࡯࡞Ფ┙ᣇࡔ࡯࠻࡞ kat/m3
m-3 s-1 mol

ធ㗡⺆
࡛
࠲

ࠝࡦࠣࠬ࠻ࡠ࡯ࡓ
ᶏ
㉿
ࡃ
࡯
ࡦ

Έ
㧹

㧝Έ=0.1nm=100pm=10-10m
㧝M=1852m

b

ࡁ
ࡀ
ࡌ

࠻
ࡄ
࡞

kn
Np
㧮

㧝b=100fm2=(10-12cm)2=10-28m2
㧝kn=(1852/3600)m/s

࡞

dB

࠶
࡯

࠺

ࠫ

ࡌ

5+න૏ߣߩᢙ୯⊛ߥ㑐ଥߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޓޓޓޓ‬ኻᢙ㊂ߩቯ⟵ߦଐሽ‫ޕ‬ࠛ⴫㧥㧚࿕᦭ߩฬ⒓ࠍ߽ߟCGS⚵┙න૏
ฬ⒓⸥ภ
SI න૏ߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆᢙ୯
࡞ࠣ erg 1 erg=10-7 J

࠳
ࡐ

ࠗ
ࠕ

ࠬ
ࠬ

࠻ ࡯ ࠢ
࠴
࡞

ࡈ
ࠟ

ࠜ

ࡦ dyn 1 dyn=10-5N
࠭ P 1 P=1 dyn s cm-2=0.1Pa s
ࠬ St 1 St =1cm2 s-1=10-4m2 s-1
ࡉ sb 1 sb =1cd cm-2=104cd m-2
࠻ ph 1 ph=1cd sr cm-2 104lx
࡞ Gal 1 Gal =1cm s-2=10-2ms-2

ࡑ ࠢ ࠬ ࠙ 㨴 ࡞ࠟ࠙ࠬࠛ࡞ࠬ࠹࠶࠼㧔 㨏㧕

Mx
G
Oe

1 Mx = 1G cm2=10-8Wb
1 G =1Mx cm-2 =10-4T
1 Oe䇭 (103/4Ǒ)A m-1

㧔E㧕㧟ర♽ߩCGSන૏♽ߣSIߢߪ⋥ធᲧセߢ߈ߥ޿ߚ߼‫╬ޔ‬ภ‫ޠ ޓޓޟ‬‫ߪ ޓޓ‬ኻᔕ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

ࠠ
࡟
࡜

ฬ⒓
ࡘ
࡝
ࡦ

࡟
ࠟ

࠻

⴫10㧚SIߦዻߐߥ޿ߘߩઁߩන૏ߩ଀
⸥ภSI න૏ߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆᢙ୯
࡯ Ci 1 Ci=3.7×1010Bq

ࠥ

ࡦ

ࡦ R
࠼ rad
ࡓ rem
ࡑ ǫ

1 R = 2.58×10-4C/kg
1 rad=1cGy=10-2Gy
1 rem=1 cSv=10-2Sv
1ǫ=1 nT=10-9T
1ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ=1 fm=10-15mࡈࠚ࡞ࡒࡔ࡯࠻࡞♽ࠞ࡜࠶࠻

1ࡔ࡯࠻࡞♽ࠞ࡜࠶࠻ = 200 mg = 2×10-4kg

᳇࡞ Torr 1 Torr = (101 325/760) Pa࿶ atm 1 atm = 101 325 Pa

ࡠ

࡝

࡯

cal

ࠢ

ࡠ

ࡦ

μ

࠻
ᮡ

Ḱ

ࠞ
ࡒ

ᄢ

1cal=4.1858J㧔㨬15͠㨭ࠞࡠ࡝࡯㧕㧘4.1868J
㧔㨬IT㨭ࠞࡠ࡝࡯㧕4.184J㧔㨬ᾲൻቇ㨭ࠞࡠ࡝࡯㧕1 μ =1μm=10-6m㧔╙㧘ᐕᡷ⸓㧕この印刷物は再生紙を使用しています