MINOS Near Detector
Sacha E. Kopp
University of Texas at Austin
On behalf of…
C. James & J.Thron
P. Shanahan
D. Harris & H. Montgomery
J. Hylen, S.Kopp, M.MessierP.Anderson, A.Cabrera, G.Drake,
A.Erwin, M. Kordosky, K.Lang,
D.Petyt, H.Ping, D. Reyna,
P.Shanahan, N.Tagg, J.Thomas,
T.Vahle, A.Weber
J. Morfin

Near Detector Installation
Near Detector Electronics
Near Detector Analysis GroupBeam Systematics Analysis GroupCalibration Detector

A Possible New Near Detector

First Role of Near Detector

S.Kopp -- UTAustin
NBI2003, Tsukuba
Page 2• Non-ideal focusing•

requires knowledge ofacceptances and pion
production in xF, pT
Hadron production
variations lead to ~20%
variations of predictions influx.

NB: ~10 νinteractions perNuMI spill!

• This is seen in the flux

Figure courtesy M. Messier

measured by near detector• This is the ND’s raisond’être -- to measure theflux directly and thereby
predict far flux

• Pion production data modeled by¾Fluka¾BMPT¾Geant/Fluka¾Malensek¾MARS¾Sanford/WangDifferences in Spectra

S.Kopp -- UTAustinNBI2003, Tsukuba
Page 3• The near detector,
however, does notexactly reproduce thespectrum at the fardetector

Horn 1
neckHorn 2
neckPH2LE

Figure courtesy M. Kostin

2nd Role: Commissioning

S.Kopp -- UTAustin
NBI2003, Tsukuba
Page 4

Figures courtesy M. Messier3rd Role: ν Monitor

S.Kopp -- UTAustin
NBI2003, Tsukuba
Page 5• Low Eν beam flat, hard to monitor
relevant parent particles.
• Best way to focus higher energy pions:focus smaller angles.
• Place target on rail system
for remote motion capability.
• Horn focusing systematics remain
constant ⇒ can monitor with thisvariable beam

BaffleTarget0.35 – 3.96 m
1.5 m

10 m
Figures courtesy M. MessierVariable Energy Beam Seen
by MINOS Near Detector

S.Kopp -- UTAustin
NBI2003, Tsukuba
Page 6• Also locates neutrino beam
• Lever arm ~ 1040 m• Neutrino beam center to ~10 cm (1 week’s data)• Align ν beam to 10 µrad
• Requires
Special ME/HE run1 week’s data

• See also R.Zwaska’s talkon µMonitors

Figures courtesy D. HarrisEffect of Misaligning Horn 1S.Kopp -- UTAustin
NBI2003, Tsukuba
Page 7LE Beam

Occasional Monitoring
Unsmeared Eν
+ Smeared Eν

Target –1m• NuMI low energy beam is broad!
 µMon acceptance small at DV end
 Investigated instrumenting upstream
concrete around DV• Some systematics barely show up
Bad: hard to see in monitors
Good: not as important for near-to-far
extrapolation
Target –2 m

• Therefore, some monitoring notas important to do spill-to-spill
Periodic monitoring runs sufficient
Figures courtesy D. Harris

S.Kopp -- UTAustin
NBI2003, TsukubaPage 8

4th Role: Study ν Interactions
MIHypothetical MINOS‘experiment’

Far detector Expect(∆m2=0.003 eV2)

Far detector
Expectation(no oscillations)

Expected NC
Background• Major goal of MINOS isdemonstration of dip at Eν~1.8GeV
and rise below this point.
• Neutral currents which mimic CCinteractions unfortanately
contaminate the low Eν region.
• Would like to be able to study levelof expected NC contamination.

NOS“Unoffi
cia l”

Studying ν Interactions (cont’d)

S.Kopp -- UTAustin
NBI2003, Tsukuba
Page 9MIApparent CCevents at
Evis = 2 GeV

NC events
CC events• Possibility ofdisentangling NC
background from real CC
events during dedicatedrunning• Turning off horns
removes focusing forpions ⇒ less CC events

Figures courtesy D. Harris

Near Detector
Horns OnNOSNear Detector“Unoffic ial”
Horns OffFar Detector

Far Detector

Horns On

Horns Off

Status of Civil Construction

Near hall

S.Kopp -- UTAustin
NBI2003, Tsukuba
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Overview of Installation••••

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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A few months of rack and other infrastructure installation
Plane installation begins once the electrical portion of the infrastructure is completed
Electronics cabling and checkout proceeds in parallel with plane installation
Magnet Coil installation is done after all planes are installed

Infrastructure Installation
Civil Contractor will install• Water delivery• Electrical power• Signal, fiber optic cabling
down the MINOS shaft•After Beneficial
Occupancy of theMINOS hall, weinstall…
•Hall LAN•ACNET (FNALaccelerator controls)•Power supply formagnet coil
•Water cooling forelectronics

S.Kopp -- UTAustin
NBI2003, Tsukuba
Page 12NearDet construction

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
Page 13

Status as of October , 2003
•All planes assembled and “shelved”•Beneficial occupancy of the Near Hall in Dec’03•Near detector will be ready late summer 2004

Steel Plane Assembly

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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Scintillator Installation

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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PlaneRigging

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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Plane Installation

 All planes sit in storage at New Muon Install planes one-at-a-time, moving from New Muon, to MINOS Service Building, toUnderground, to detector support structure in the MINOS HallNew Muon LabAbsorber
Enclosure

MINOS ServiceBuilding

MINOS Hall

Move planes

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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From New Muon to MINOS Service Building

Strongbacks loaded onto truck (shown here without detector planes). Two fit on theLab’s longer flatbed trailer.

Underground Transfer

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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At the base of the MINOS shaft, a detector plane is transferred from the strongback toa similar fixture on a cart. The strongback never leaves the shaft crane hook.

Mount Planes in Hall

The cart is rolled into the MINOS Hall, and the plane lifted
onto the detector support structure.

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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S.Kopp -- UTAustin
NBI2003, Tsukuba
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M16s and M64s
R5900-00-M16 9G20C5Far• 8-fold muxing• 128 fibers
per PMT• 1452 PMTs

1010

7.5

7.5

75

5

6

2.5

2.5

5

00

4-2.5-2.5

3-5-5

2-7.5

-7.5

1-10-10-5

0510-10-10•No muxing•64 fibers perPMT• 210 PMTs

05

1006

Mean Charge, Normalized by pixel

Near-5Gain (10 ) by position

1010

7.5

7.5

60

5550

2.5

2.5

00-2.5-2.5-5-5-7.5

-7.5

40
30
20-10-10-5

0

5Photoelectrons, Normalized by pixel

10-10

10-10-505

Photoelectrons by position

100Detector Cabling Mock-up
Set up platform alongside one of
the Plane storage stands. Installcabling systems on 2-racks worthof planes.

S.Kopp -- UTAustin
NBI2003, TsukubaPage 22Tests of Near Det at CERN(CalDet)•MINOS calibration challenge:•Near/Far relative calibration to 2%•absolute calibration of 5%•Main ingredients:•cosmic ray muons•energy scale calibration•strip-to-strip response•muon energy unit (MEU)•light injection system•PMT gain drifts•PMT/electronics linearity•calibration detector (CalDet)•define MEU•topology and pattern recognition

CalDet modules in T7

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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On the move… (2003)

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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2001-2003: Moved in/outbeamlines ~10 times

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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One reason why
everyone loves theCalDetFront-end electronics comparison:
NearDet vs FarDet in CalDet•In order to have NearDetand FarDet respondsimilarily they have to be …
different.

Very
pre li•This is due to scales of thedetectors and event rates
difference by ~105
•VA + M16 (8x multiplexed)•QIE + M64 (not multiplexed)•In 2003 run, each scintillator
strip read out on one end by
FD electronics, other by NDelectronics.
•Compare electronics onsame physics hits!

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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Figures courtesy T.Vahleminary!!
!

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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Near vs Far MIPs

Verypre liminary!!
!

Figures courtesy L.Mualem

Disentangling Multiple
Interaction Spills•Near detector will see ~10 neutrino interactions per NuMI spill(Far <<1).
•To disentangle the multiple interactions/spill, near detector
employs fast “QIE” electronics developed for KTeV for fast
digitization•Possible to turn up event rate at Caldet to test electronics
Near Detector in NuMI

CalDet at CERN

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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S-GATE Running

S.Kopp -- UTAustin
NBI2003, Tsukuba
Page 29• ND mode for fast spill 10µs of continuous data stored in MENU FIFOs
 Read out after end of spill• CALDET Mode
 Most data externally triggered
 Tests with SGATE mode: led by Dave R.
 3% livetime for CALDET, but useful and necessary test offunctionality.

>1000 SGATEs/Beam Spill:
9.3µs long, separated by 300µs

PS Beam spill: 400ms, several
times per ~20sec SuperCycle

ND: For 9.3µs, ND
FE stores digits for
all RF slices, for allchannels
FD: external trigger
enabled during thistime (TOF)S-GATE DATA Sum(ADC) vs.
Time inSGATE-5 GeVΣ ADC (cts)• Near Detector
cum
Oscilloscope:

S.Kopp -- UTAustin
NBI2003, Tsukuba
Page 30“Event” B

One SGATE
9.3 µs long
“Event” D

Each x-bin
is 1 RF slice“Event” C“Event” A(not really startof spill, rather 1st
digits in spill
above threshold)“Event” E

Time (ns)S.Kopp -- UTAustin
NBI2003, Tsukuba
Page 31StripSnarl 47590
ADC

Plane

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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Event A

ADC

Even Planes

ADC

Strip

Odd Planes

Plane

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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Event B

Strip

ADC

ADC

Plane

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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Event C

ADC

Strip

ADC

Plane

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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Event DADC

Strip“PS” muon ? (not on beam axis)

ADC

Plane

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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Event E

Strip

“PS” muon (not on beam axis)

Plane

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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Hits

CalDet: electrons

StripVerypre li“Wings”
due to PMT xtalkminary!!
!

Plane

MEU

Strip vs. Plane profile, weighted by number of hits

Even Plane view
StripPlane

Odd Plane view

Plane

Strip vs. Plane profile, weighted by MEU deposited

Sample Event (2GeV e+)Particle response(preliminary)

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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MC expectation

CalDet – 2 GeV events
ElectronStripMuon

Plane

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
Page 39Pion

ProtonAdditional proposed detector
in Near NuMI hall?

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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Survey (pre-K2K) of world’s data:

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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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NBI2003, Tsukuba
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S.Kopp -- UTAustin
NBI2003, Tsukuba
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Summary

S.Kopp -- UTAustin
NBI2003, Tsukuba
Page 44• Near Detector planes are constructed• Installation schedule now fully developed Begin installation January 2004
 Complete installation October 2004

• Utility of detector for MINOS is still under studyBeam Commissioning
Online monitor
Neutrino Flux
Neutrino reconstruction systematics• Exciting opportunities to add an additional detector(s) for
greater physics reach Collaborators welcome!

• Thanks to Tanaka-san and all for great workshop!