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JAEA-Review 2013-057

JAEA-Tokai Tandem Annual Report 2012
April 1, 2012 – March 31, 2013
Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator
Nuclear Science Research InstituteTokai Research and Development Center
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken(Received December 9, 2013)
The JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator complex has been used in various research fields suchas nuclear science and material science by researchers not only of JAEA but also fromuniversities, research institutes and industrial companies. This annual report covers
developments of accelerators and research activities carried out using the tandem accelerator
and superconducting booster from April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2013. Thirty-one summary
reports were categorized into seven research/development fields:(1) accelerator operation and development(2) nuclear structure(3) nuclear reaction(4) nuclear chemistry(5) nuclear theory(6) atomic physics and solid state physics(7) radiation effects in materials.
This report also lists publications, meetings, personnel, committee members, cooperative
researches and common use programs.

Keywords : JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, Operation Results, Nuclear Structure, Nuclear
Reaction, Nuclear Chemistry, Nuclear Theory, Atomic Physics, Solid State Physics,
Radiation Effects in Materials, Progress Report

Editors: Katsuhisa NISHIO, Kazuaki TSUKADA, Norito ISHIKAWA,
Yosuke TOH, Hiroyuki KOURA and Makoto MATSUDAi

JAEA-Review 2013-057

原子力機構東海タンデム加速器 2012 年度年次報告

日本原子力研究開発機構
東海研究開発センター原子力科学研究所
研究炉加速器管理部（2013 年 12 月 9 日受理）

原子力機構東海タンデム加速器施設は、原子核科学や物質科学などの様々な分野において、原子力機構を始めとして、大学や公立研究機関、民間企業に利用されている。本年次報告書は、タ
ンデム加速器およびブースター加速器を利用し、2012 年 4 月 1 日から 2013 年 3 月 31 日までの期間に実施された研究活動の英文要約をまとめたものである。総数 31 件の要約を下記の７部門に分類した。
（１）加速器の運転状況と開発（２）原子核構造（３）原子核反応（４）核化学（５）原子核理論（６）原子物理及び固体物理（７）材料の照射効果
また、発表論文と会議での口頭発表、タンデム加速器に関与した職員、タンデム加速器専門部会
委員、大学等との共同研究課題、及び施設共用課題のリストを掲載した。

原子力科学研究所：〒319-1195 茨城県那珂郡東海村白方白根 2-4
編集者：西尾 勝久、塚田 和明、石川 法人、藤 暢輔、小浦 寛之、松田 誠

ii

JAEA-Review 2013-057

Foreword
This report covers research and development activities with the tandem accelerator and its superconducting
booster at JAEA Tokai, for the period of FY 2012 (April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2013). The tandem
accelerator was operated over a total of 113 days and delivered 20 different ion beams to experiments in thefields of nuclear physics, nuclear chemistry, atomic physics, solid state physics and radiation effects inmaterials. Thirty-five research programs were carried out in collaboration with a total of about 110
researchers from universities and research institutes. The tandem accelerator building cracked in the 2011
off the pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake was repaired over about four months.

The following are the highlights in FY 2012:
In the field of accelerator development: The acceleration of the dual beam is successfully performed by thetandem accelerator in which an ECR ion source is mounted at the high voltage terminal. And the real-time
RBS measurement of the heavy ion irradiation effect was performed using the dual beam which consist of
165MeV 132Xe11+ ions and 15MeV 12C+ ions.
In the field of nuclear structure: Alpha-gamma coincidence measurement for 261Db has been carried out toestablish the ground-state configuration of Db isotopes. The nucleus 261Db was produced in theCm(19F,6n)261Db reaction. An α peak that should correspond to the α decay of 261Db and several γ-rays in

248

coincidence with the α particles were observed.
In the field of nuclear reactions: Multi-nucleon transfer induced fission was used to measure the fission
fragment mass distributions and their dependence on the excitation energy of compound nucleus. In thereaction of 18O + 238U, it was shown that data for more than 10 actinide nuclei were obtained in a single
measurement.

In the field of nuclear chemistry: Medical use of RIs were produced at the tandem accelerator for diagnostic
imaging studies and therapeutic applications. 95mTc emitting high energy gamma-rays is required for thedevelopment of the Compton camera which can realize high position resolution. 211At has also been
actively investigated as a promising α-emitter for cancer therapy.
In the field of nuclear theory: The evolution of the shell structure in antimony (Z=51) isotopes is studied
under a shell model framework in the full 50≤Z≤82 and 0≤N≤82 valence space. Considering the nuclear
tensor force, the energy levels of 5/2+1, 7/2+1, and 11/2-1 were evaluated, and it reproduces wellexperimental trends.

Furthermore, an existence of doubly-magic nuclei is predicted in the extremely

superheavy nuclear mass region from spherical single-particle levels under one-particle mean-fieldpotential.

In the framework, we found that 298Fl (Z=114) and 472[164] are the possible doubly-magic

nuclei which are stable against the beta-decay.

iii

JAEA-Review 2013-057

In the field of atomic physics and solid-state physics: The electron yields of convoy electron, Coster-Kronigtransition, and binary electron for C2+ are compared with that for C+ ion with same velocity. The cluster
effect for the convoy electron yield is 4.3, which does not agree with the linearity reported for 0.5
MeV/atom Cn+ ions. It is suggested that this value stems from both cluster effect and electron loss fromprojectile ion, because of rather thin carbon foil thickness.

In the field of radiation effects in materials: Recent development of scanning transmission electron
microscope (STEM) enables us to characterize detailed defect structure of ion-irradiated ceramics, such as
CeO2 and Si3N4. The results for CeO2 clearly show that the oxygen sublattice at the core of the damage
region (2-3 nm ion-track region) is significantly disordered. The results for Si3N4 show that the density inthe ion-track region is small relative to that in the matrix, while the peripheral of the ion-track region has
slightly high density.

Takeshi MARUO, Director, Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator

iv

JAEA-Review 2013-057

Contents

1. ACCELERATOR OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ································································· 1
1.1

Operation and usage of tandem accelerator and booster ······························································ 3
A. Osa, S. Hanashima, S. Abe, T. Ishii, N. Ishizaki, H. Tayama, M. Matsuda,
T. Nakanoya, H. Kabumoto, M. Nakamura, K. Kutsukake, Y. Otokawa and T. Asozu

1.2

Development of dual-beam system using an electrostatic accelerator ············································ 5
M. Matsuda, T. Asozu, M. Sataka and A. Iwase

1.3

Acceleration response of the building of tandem accelerator
in the earthquake “The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake” ·········· 7
T. Asozu

2. NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ··············································································································· 9
2.1

Alpha-gamma coincidence measurement for 261Db ··································································· 11
M. Asai, K. Tsukada, N. Sato, T.K. Sato, A. Toyoshima, S. Miyashita, K. Ooe,
Y. Kaneya, T. Ishii, Y. Nagame and M. Schädel

2.2

Study of high-spin states in 35S ································································································· 13
S. Go, E. Ideguchi, R. Yokoyama, M. Kobayashi, K. Kisamori, S. Michimasa,
S. Shimoura, M. Sugawara, M. Koizumi, Y. Toh, T. Shizuma, A. Kimura,
H. Harada, K. Furutaka, S. Nakamura, F. Kitatani and Y. Hatsukawa

3. NUCLEAR REACTION
3.1·············································································································· 15

Measurement of fission fragment mass distributions of compound nuclei
populated by multi-nucleon transfer reaction in 18O + 238U ······························ 17
K. Nishio, K. Hirose, T. Nagayama, H. Makii, I. Nishinaka, S. Ota, T. Ishii,
K. Tsukada, M. Asai, S. Chiba, T. Ohtsuki, S. Araki and Y. Watanabe

3.2

Energy and angular distributions of 16O particles from155

Gd(18O, 16O)157Gd two-neutron transfer reaction ·········································· 18

H. Makii, T. Ishii, S. Ota, K. Nishio, I. Nishinaka, S. Chiba, M. Asai,
K. Furutaka and S. Mitsuoka
3.3

Fission of iridium isotopes ······································································································· 20
K. Nishio , A. Andreyev, K. Hirose, J. Cubiss, E. Maeda,
H. Makii, T. Nagayama, I. Nishinaka, S. Ohta and T. Ohtsuki

3.4

Fission fragment anisotropy in heavy-ion-induced fission of actinide nuclei ······························ 21
I. Nishinaka, M. Tanikawa, K. Nishio, H. Makii, S. Mitsuoka,
Y. Wakabayashi and A. Yokoyama

3.5

Measurement of branching ratio of 22Ne (α, γ) 26Mg / 22Ne (α, n) 25Mg reactions (2) ················· 22
S. Ota , H. Makii, T. Ishii, I. Nishinaka, K. Nishio, S. Mitsuoka and S. Chibav

JAEA-Review 2013-057

4. NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY ·············································································································· 25
4.1

Production of 95mTc for compton camera imaging ······································································· 27
Y. Hatsukawa, K. Hashimoto, K. Tsukada, T. Sato, M. Asai, Y. Nagai,
A. Toyoshima, I. Tanimori, S. Sonoda, S. Kabuki, H. Saji and H. Kimura

4.2

Synthesis of astatinated phenylalanine derivatives via electrophilic destannylation
for the preparation of astatinated peptide ··················································· 29
Sh. Watanabe, I. Nishinaka, K. Hashimoto, I. Sasaki, Sa. Watanabe, Y. Sugo,
H. Makii and N. S. Ishioka

4.3

Extraction of astatine isotopes for development of radiopharmaceuticals ··································· 31
E. Maeda, A. Yokoyama, T. Taniguchi, K. Washiyama and I. Nishinaka

4.4

Preparatory on-line extraction experiment of group-6 elements Mo and W
for a reduction study of Sg ········································································· 33
A. Toyoshima, S. Miyashita, K. Ooe, H. V. Lerum, Y. Kitayama, A. Wada, M. Asai,
T.K. Sato, Y. Kaneya, Y. Komori, T. Yokokita, Y. Kasamatsu, K. Tsukada, Y. Kitatsuji,
Y. Nagame, M. Schädel, J.P. Omtvedt, A. Yokoyama, H. Haba, A. Shinohara and J.V. Kratz

4.5

Studies on transport mechanism of volatile Hf chloride compounds
in quartz column with isothermal chromatography ····································· 35
S. Goto, Y. Oshimi, T. Tomitsuka, T. Asai, M. Murakami, K. Ooe, H. Kudo,
K. Tsukada, M. Asai, T.K. Sato, A. Toyoshima, Y. Kanaya and Y. Nagame

5. NUCLEAR THEORY ···················································································································· 37
5.1

Evolution of the energy levels and shell structure in antimony isotopes ····································· 39
Y. Utsuno, N. Shimizu, M. Honma, T. Mizusaki and T. Otsuka

5.2

Single-particle levels of spherical nuclei
in the superheavy and extremely superheavy mass region······························ 41

H. Koura and S. Chiba

6.

ATOMIC PHYSICS AND SOLID STATE PHYSICS ····································································· 43

6.1

Charge state distribution of tungsten ions after penetration of C-foil targets ······························ 45
M. Imai, M. Sataka, K. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro,
K. Komaki, K. Nishio, H. Shibata and S. Okayasu

6.2

Zero degree electron spectroscopy of 16 MeV C2+ ions ····························································· 47
S. Tomita, S. Funada, Y. Shiina, K. Sasa, M. Sataka,
M. Matsuda, M. Imai and K. Kawatsura

6.3

Development for measurement of diffusion coefficients in Li ion battery materialusing 8Li radioactive tracer ·············································································· 49
H. Ishiyama, S.C. Jeong, Y.X. Watanabe, Y. Hirayama, N. Imai, H. Miyatake,
A. Osa, Y. Otokawa, M. Sataka, M. Matsuda, H. Makii, T.K. Sato and A. Nakaovi

JAEA-Review 2013-057

7.

RADIATION EFFECTS IN MATERIALS ····················································································· 51

7.1

Electronic stopping power dependence of ion-track size in UO2 irradiated with ions ················· 53
N. Ishikawa, T. Sonoda, T. Sawabe and M. Sataka

7.2

Atomic structure of ion tracks in CeO2 irradiated with 200 MeV Xe ions ·································· 55
S. Takaki, T. Yamamoto, M. Kutsuwada, K. Yasuda, S. Matsumura, N. Ishikawa
M. Matsuda and M. Sataka

7.3

Study on effects of high-energy heavy ion irradiation on the crystal structure
in CeO2 thin films························································································· 57

T. Kishino, K. Shimizu, Y. Saitoh, N. Ishikawa, F. Hori and A. Iwase
7.4

Direct observation of ion tracks in amorphous silicon nitride films by TEM ······························ 59
Y. Morita, K. Nakajima, M. Tsujimoto, S. Isoda, M. Mastuda, M. Sataka,
K. Narumi, Y. Saitoh and K. Kimura

7.5

Threshold fluence of surface amorphization in single crystalline Al2O3
induced by swift heavy ions ············································································ 61
N. Okubo and N. Ishikawa

7.6

Cluster formation in Zeolite using high energy heavy ion radiation ··········································· 63
S. Okayasu and Y. Sasaki

7.7

Ion irradiation effects on Mn-doped ZnO films ········································································· 65
N. Matsunami, M. Itoh, S. Okayasu, M. Sataka and H. Kakiuchida

7.8

Shape and property control of nanoparticles by swift heavy ion irradiation ······························· 67
H. Amekura, N. Okubo and N. Ishikawa

7.9

Enhancement of critical current density by hybrid effect of flux pinningin heavy-ion irradiated high-Tc superconducting thin films ······························ 69
T. Sueyoshi, T. Kotaki, T. Fujiyoshi, F. Mitsugi, T. Ikegami and N. Ishikawa

7.10 Application of high-aspect-ratio nanoholes formed by etching of latent tracks for sensors ········· 71
M. Fujimaki, M. Sataka and M. Matsuda
7.11 Evaluation of radiation tolerance of microprocessor by heavy ion irradiation ···························· 73
Y. Chiba, E. Asai, H. Tomioka, T. Kameda, M. Sataka and M. Matsuda

8. PUBLICATION IN JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, AND
CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS ·················· 75
8.1 Accelerator Operation and Development ··················································································· 77
8.2 Nuclear Structure ······················································································································ 79
8.3 Nuclear Reaction ······················································································································ 80
8.4 Nuclear Chemistry ···················································································································· 84
8.5 Nuclear Theory ························································································································· 88
8.6 Atomic Physics and Solid-state Physics ···················································································· 92
8.7 Radiation Effects in Materials ··································································································· 94vii

JAEA-Review 2013-057

9. PERSONNEL AND COMMITTEE ································································································ 99
9.1 Personnel ································································································································ 101
9.2 Research Planning and Assessment Committee ······································································· 104

10. NEW RESEARCH PROGRAMS ······························································································· 105
10.1 New Research Programs Approved in the FY2012 ································································ 107

viii

JAEA-Review 2013-057目

1.

加速器の運転状況及び開発

1.1

明彦、花島

仲野谷

孝充、株本

261

健一、乙川 義憲、遊津

正雄、岩瀬

雅人、塚田

和明、佐藤

望、佐藤

金谷

佑亮、石井

哲朗、永目

諭一郎、Matthias Schädel

O +

155

拓洋

············································· 5············································· 7·································································································· 11
哲也、豊嶋 厚史、宮下慎太郎、井手口

栄治、横山

昌彦、小泉

和禎、中村

輪、小林

光生、藤

詔司、北谷

直、大江

幹、木佐森 慶一、道正

暢輔、静間

文人、初川

一弘、

································································ 13

質量数 30～40 領域原子核での巨大変形の探索

18

誠、

彰宏

浅井

新一郎、

俊行、木村 敦、原田

秀郎、

雄一

································································································································· 15

原子核反応

3.3

拓洋、左高

Db のα-γ同時計数測定

古高

3.2

暢彦、沓掛

暢洋、田山 豪一、松田··································································································································· 9

下浦 享、菅原

3.1

裕史、中村

哲朗、石崎

拓洋

郷

3.

信市、石井

東日本太平洋沖地震におけるタンデム加速器の加速度応答

2. 原子核構造

2.2

進、阿部

誠、遊津

遊津

2.1

········································································ 3

単一静電加速器によるデュアルビーム照射システムの開発
松田

1.3········································································································· 1

タンデム加速器とブースターの運転と利用
長

1.2

次

238

U の多核移行反応で生成される複合核の核分裂片質量数分布の測定

西尾

勝久、廣瀬

健太郎、永山

石井

哲朗、塚田

和明、浅井

達郎、牧井
雅人、千葉

宏之、西中 一朗、太田敏、大槻 勤、荒木··············· 17

周也、

祥平、渡辺

幸信

Gd(18O, 16O)157Gd 反応における散乱 16O 粒子のエネルギー及び角度分布 ····················· 18
牧井

宏之、石井

哲朗、太田

周也、西尾

浅井

雅人、古高

和禎、光岡

真一

勝久、西中 一朗、千葉敏、

イリジウム同位体の核分裂 ································································································· 20
西尾勝久、A. Andreyev、廣瀬

永山

達郎、西中

一朗、太田

健太郎、J. Cubiss、前田

周也、大槻

英太、牧井

勤

3.4

アクチノイド原子核の重イオン誘起核分裂での核分裂片異方性

3.5

22

西中

一朗、谷川

勝至、西尾

勝久、牧井

宏之、

···································· 21

宏之、光岡 真一、若林

泰生、横山

明彦

Ne(α,γ) Mg/ Ne(α,n) Mg 分岐比の測定 (2) ···························································· 22
26

太田

22

周也、牧井

25

宏之、石井

哲郎、西中

ix

一郎、西尾 勝久、光岡

真一、千葉

敏

JAEA-Review 2013-057

4.

核化学

4.1

4.2

4.3

········································································································································· 25
初川

雄一、橋本

谷森

達、園田

4.5

和幸、塚田

和明、佐藤

真也、株木

哲也、浅井 雅人、永井

重人、佐治

泰樹、豊嶋

渡辺

茂樹、西中

一朗、橋本

牧井

宏之、石岡

典子

和幸、佐々木一郎、渡辺 智、須郷

放射性医薬品開発のためのアスタチン同位体の抽出
英太、横山

明彦、谷口

厚史、

英男、木村 寛之

アスタチン標識ペプチド合成を目指したアスタチン標識アミノ酸誘導体の合成

前田

4.4

······································································ 27

コンプトンカメラ撮像用 RI Tc-95m の生成

拓海、鷲山········· 29

由美、······················································· 31

幸信、西中 一朗

Sg の還元研究に向けた 6 族元素 Mo と W のオンライン抽出実験
一弘、Hans V. Lerum、北山····································· 33

豊嶋

厚史、宮下

直、大江

浅井

雅人、佐藤

哲也、金谷

佑亮、小森

塚田

和明、北辻

章浩、永目

諭一郎、Matthias Schädel、Jon P. Omtvedt、

横山

明彦、羽場

宏光、篠原

厚、 Jens V. Kratz

有希子、横北

雄太、和田

彩佳、

卓也、笠松

良崇、

等温クロマトグラフィにおける揮発性 Hf 塩化物の石英カラム通過機構に関する研究 ····················· 35

5.

後藤

真一、押見

吉成、富塚

知博、浅井

貴裕、村山 昌史、大江

一弘、工藤

塚田

和明、浅井

雅人、佐藤

哲也、豊嶋

厚史、金谷 佑亮、永目

諭一郎

原子核理論

5.1

································································································································· 37

アンチモン同位体におけるエネルギー準位と殻構造の変化
宇都野

5.2

6.

穣、清水

則孝、本間

寛之、千葉

柴田

誠、左高

正雄、川面

裕実、岡安

澄、高廣

······························································ 45

克己、小牧研一郎、西尾 勝久、悟+

16 MeV C2 を用いた 0 度電子分光
冨田 成夫、舟田 周平、椎名今井 誠、川面 澄

6.3···································· 41·············································································································· 43

炭素薄膜透過後のタングステンイオン電荷分布今井6.2

高浩、大塚 孝治

敏

原子物理及び固体物理

6.1

道雄、水崎

··········································· 39

超重核及び超・超重核領域における球形原子核の単一粒子準位
小浦久昭、····················································································· 47

陽子、笹公和、左高 正雄、松田誠、

短寿命核ビーム 8Li を用いたリチウムイオン電池材料内における拡散実験手法開拓·························· 49

石山 博恒、鄭 淳讃、渡辺 裕、平山 賀一、今井 伸明、宮武 宇也、長 明彦、
乙川 義憲、左高 正雄、松田 誠、牧井 宏之、西尾 勝久、佐藤 哲也、中尾 愛子

x

JAEA-Review 2013-057

7.

材料の照射効果7.1

イオン照射した UO2 におけるイオントラックサイズの電子的阻止能依存性
石川

7.2

7.3

法人、園田

7.5

高木

聖也、山本

松田

誠、左高

孝典、清水

浩貴、斎藤

陽亮、中嶋

薫、辻本

斎藤

勇一、木村

健二

和弘、松村 晶、石川法人、···································· 57

勇一、石川法人、堀 史説、岩瀬

彰宏

政彦、磯田

正二、松田 誠、左高································ 59

正雄、鳴海

一雅、

高エネルギー重イオン照射による単結晶アルミナの非晶質化における閾線量
成彰、石川································ 63

悟、佐々木優吉

Mn ドープ ZnO 薄膜のイオン照射効果
紀明、伊藤

幸、岡安

悟、左高

················································································ 65
正雄、垣内田 洋

高速重イオン照射によるナノ粒子の形状・物性制御
宏、大久保

成彰、石川

······················································· 67

法人

重イオン照射した高温超伝導薄膜のハイブリッド磁束ピンニングによる高臨界電流密度化
末吉

哲郎，上瀧

哲也，藤吉

孝則，光木

文秋，池上 知顯，石川·························· 69

法人

7.10 潜トラックエッチングにより形成される高アスペクト比ナノ孔のセンサー応用
藤巻

真、左高

正雄、松田

千葉

裕介、浅井

········· 71

誠

7.11 重イオン照射によるマイクロプロセッサの耐放射線性の評価

8.

············· 61

法人

高エネルギー重イオン照射によるゼオライト中のクラスター形成

雨倉

7.9

政則、安田

············································· 55

正雄

森田

松波

7.8

知一、轡田

·················· 53

正雄

非晶質シリコン窒化膜中のイオントラックの TEM による直接観察

岡安

7.7

孝史、左高

セリア薄膜の結晶構造における高エネルギー重イオン照射効果

大久保

7.6

健、澤部

200 MeV Xe イオン照射したセリアのイオントラック構造

岸野

7.4

························································································································ 51

英介、富岡

宏隆、亀田

雑誌及び国際会議等の刊行物、学会発表······································· 73

敏弘、左高 正雄、松田誠················································································ 75

8.1

加速器の運転状況及び開発 ································································································· 77

8.2

原子核構造

··························································································································· 79

8.3

原子核反応

··························································································································· 80

8.4

核化学

8.5

原子核理論

8.6

原子物理及び固体物理

8.7

材料の照射効果 ···················································································································· 94··································································································································· 84··························································································································· 88········································································································ 92xi

JAEA-Review 2013-057

9.

関連課室職員及び委員会·········································································································· 99

9.1

課室職員

····························································································································· 101

9.2

委員会

································································································································· 104

10. 新規研究テーマ······················································································································ 105

10.1 2012 年度に採択された新規研究テーマ··········································································· 107xii

JAEA-Review 2013-057

CHAPTER 1
Accelerator Operation and Development

1.1

Operation and usage of tandem accelerator and booster

1.2

Development of dual-beam system using an electrostatic accelerator

1.3

Acceleration response of the building of tandem accelerator
in the earthquake “The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake”-1-This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2013-057

1.1

Operation and usage of tandem accelerator and booster

A. Osa 1, S. Hanashima1, S. Abe1, T. Ishii1, N. Ishizaki1, H. Tayama1, M. Matsuda1,
T. Nakanoya1, H. Kabumoto1, M. Nakamura1, K. Kutsukake1, Y. Otokawa1 and T. Asozu1

The tandem accelerator and booster were operated for experiments in the first half of FY (from April, 2012
to June) and in the second half of FY (from October to March, 2013). From November, 2012 to February,
2013, we repaired the tandem accelerator buildings from damages of the 2011 off the pacific coast of
Tohoku Earthquake on March 11, 2011.
The total operation time of the tandem accelerator for FY2012 (from April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2012) was
113 days and 20 different beams were delivered for experiments. The experimental proposal for FY2013
and the usage of the beam times for FY2012 are summarized in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively.
Table 1. Experimental proposals.

Table 2. Usage of beam-times
in different research fields.
Research field
Beam time(days)(%)
Nuclear physics
29
25.7
Nuclear chemistry27
23.9
Atomic and materials sciences36
31.9
Accelerator development
20
17.7
Industrial use
1
0.9
total 113
100

Research proposals acceptedby the program advisory committee:
In-house staff proposals
6
Collaboration proposals
20
Number of experiments proposed
35
Total number of scientists participating in researchfrom outside108
in-house
43
Number of institutions presented
32

Distributions of the terminal voltages and ion species for experiments are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2,
respectively. Half of the beams were extracted from three negative ion sources, SNICS-2. The proton, carbon,
nitrogen, oxygen and rare gases were ionized and extracted from in-terminal ECR ion source (TIS). The ECR
ion source was used as much as 48% of all the beam time.
The superconducting booster was operated for a total of 4 days to boost the energies of 90Zr beams from thetandem accelerator, as is summarized in Table 3. These beams were used for experiments of nuclear physics.

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)-3-

JAEA-Review 2013-057

3.9%
11.8%
19.7%
Terminal Voltage (MV)19.7%
Beam Species

15.0%
5.5%
3.1%
3.1%
3.1%
3.9%
4.7%
6.3%
Operating time (days)
Fig. 1

Operating time (days)

Distribution of terminal voltages.

Fig. 2 Distribution of beam species
accelerated for experiments.

Table 3. Boosted ion beams for experiments.
Beam species
90

Zr

Boosted energies(MeV)
354,420-4-Beam time(days)
4

JAEA-Review 2013-057

1.2

Development of dual-beam system using an electrostatic accelerator
M. Matsuda 1 , T. Asozu1 , M. Sataka1 and A. Iwase 2

We have developed the dual beam system which accelerates two kinds of ion beams simultaneously. The
acceleration of the dual beam is performed by the tandem accelerator in which an ECR ion source ismounted at the high voltage terminal [1,2]. The multi-charged ions of two or more elements can be
simultaneously generated from the ECR ion source, so dual-beam irradiation is achieved by accelerating
ions with the same charge to mass ratio (for example, 132Xe11+ and 12C+).
The acceleration test was performed using the ions of 12C+ and 132Xe11+. Acceleration voltage was 15 MV
and the energies of these ions were 15 MeV and 165 MeV, respectively. These beams were guided to L2beam line of tandem accelerator facility. In the L2 beam line, the quartz plate for a beam viewer is locatedto 4.5 m downstream of magnetic quadrupole triplet (MQT) lens, and the target was installed at 1.1 m
further downstream position. The beam profile observed by the beam viewer is shown in Fig. 1(center). It
is found that the ion beam is separated into two components completely. Although the ions with samecharge to mass ratio are transported through the same orbit, there is a slight difference in the ratio. The
difference is about 0.07% between 12C+ and 132Xe11+. This difference caused the orbital difference at theviewer position. In order to observe the beam profile of 12C and 132Xe ion at a target position,
Rutherford-Back-Scattering (RBS) analysis was performed while moving an inclined Au strip line across abeam cross section. We prepared an evaporated Au strip on Si substrate whose thickness and width are 300
nm and 1 mm, respectively. Silicon charged particle detector was set in 135 degrees to the beam axis. The
beam profiles and beam intensities of both ions are obtained from the area of the scattering peak of 12C and132

Xe, and the position of a strip line corresponding to the obtained RBS spectrum. The beam profile at thetarget position acquired by this method is shown in Fig. 1. Separation of the beam position occurred mainly
due to the energy analyzing magnet and the switching magnet of the tandem accelerator. In order toirradiate the same position, both beams were scanned with a beam scanning magnet. Horizontal(X) andvertical(Y) beam scanning magnet is installed in the 1.8 m downstream of MQT. Scanning frequency was
11.3 Hz in X direction and 90.9 Hz in Y direction. Such scanning enables us to irradiate a target uniformly.
Both scanning width were 10 mm at the target position. An aperture of φ3 mm was installed at 0.6 m upperstream from the target. The beam which passed through the aperture was irradiated to the target.
The real-time measurement of the heavy ion irradiation effect was performed using the dual beam formed
as mentioned above. We studied the atomic mixing at metal/oxide interfaces under swift heavy ion
irradiation. Bismuth film on Al2O3 crystalline substrate was prepared by vapor deposition. The thickness ofthe evaporated layer was 300nm. Xe ions with the energy of 165 MeV were irradiated Bi-Al2O3 specimen
and 15 MeV C ions were simultaneously irradiated for RBS analysis. Both of the beam currents of Xe and12Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Osaka Prefecture University-5-

JAEA-Review 2013-057

C ion were about 1 pnA (particle nano ampere). That is, both fluences for 10 minutes were estimated to beabout 5x1012 ions/cm2. These ion beams were simultaneously irradiated over 1 hour. RBS spectra wereacquired every 10 minutes during the irradiation.
Obtained RBS spectra are shown in Fig. 2. It is found that Bi peaks of RBS spectra broadened to low
energy side with the increase in the ion dose. In other words, part of the Bi atoms moved toward a deeper
region of Al2O3. This result implies that the atomic mixing at Bi-Al2O3 interface was induced by swift
heavy ion [3]. We also confirmed that no spectrum broadening occurred by C ion irradiation alone.
Electronic stopping powers of 165 MeV Xe and 15 MeV C are 22 MeV/µm and 1.6 MeV/µm, respectively.
It is possible that the energy elastically deposits by Xe ions into specimen. The estimated nuclear stopping
power of C ion is one percent or less compared to Xe ion. We can conclude that the ion beam mixing at
Bi-Al2O3 interface was induced with Xe irradiation by electronic excitation effect.
Using the dual beam of Xe and C ions, real-time analysis of the radiation effects was successfully
performed. With this method developed here, the dose dependency of the effects due to heavy ion
irradiation can be measured in detail by using only one sample. It is shown that the dual beam is useful for
real-time ion beam analysis of the radiation effects study.

Fig. 1 Beam profile of the dual beam at a target

Fig. 2 Change in RBS spectra for Bi(300nm)-Al2O3

position.

system by simultaneous irradiation with the dual
beam.

References[1] M. Matsuda et al., J. Phys. Conf. Series 163 (2009) 012112.
[2] M. Matsuda et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A654 (2011) p.45.
[3] R. Nakatani et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B230 (2005) p.234.

-6-

JAEA-Review 2013-057

1.3

Acceleration response of the building of tandem accelerator in the earthquake“The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake”
T. Asozu 1

The JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator has two triaxial accelerographs. They are installed on the top floor(8F) and the bottom floor (B2F) of the building. They measure acceleration response and record wave
profiles of the directions; North-South (NS), East-West (EW), Down-Up (DU). A recording starts when
they detect acceleration of over 5gal and goes on for 90 sec. We analyzed the acceleration wave profiles inthe earthquake “The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake” and researched the resistance of thebuilding of the tandem accelerator.
1. The acceleration wave profiles of each floor
Figure 1 shows the acceleration wave profiles of main quake. The maximum acceleration is about 930 gal
on the 8F and is about 220 gal on the B2F. Both of them are found in the waves of NS direction and at
about 70 sec from the starting points. The maximum peaks in each direction are found at approximately thesame time on the 8F. Their vector sum reaches 1000 gal which was over gravity acceleration. On the 8F,
the wave’s frequency is 2.8 Hz around the maximum peak. The maximum displacement is 6.5 cm in the
direction of NS, which was calculated by integrating one period of the wave.
2. Frequency analysis
Figure 2 shows the acceleration response spectra whose analyzing range is 60 sec to 96 sec in Fig.1 and thesampling number is 4096. On the B2F, the main frequency is 2 Hz. On the other hand, there are 3 large
peaks in the spectrum of 8F-NS, which are natural frequencies of the building. The frequencies are 2.8 Hz,
11 Hz and 20 Hz. If the natural frequency of the building was match lower, resonance had inflicted heavy
damages. The lowest natural frequency of 2.8 Hz is high for this building whose floor space is 15 m × 15 m
and height is 30 m. It is generally for a residence building with reinforced concrete which has a floor spaceof 30 m × 30 m and the same height. The highness of the frequency indicates the high resistance forearthquake. It is due to the thick radiation shielding walls of the tandem accelerator which are 1.3 m forupper from fifth floor and 1.5 m for lower than that.

References[1] M. Takeuchi et al., Summaries of technical papers of annual meeting Architectural Institute of Japan,
Structural and Construction Engineering 44 (1969) pp.653-654.

1Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)-7-

JAEA-Review 2013-057

N

8F-NS

S

N

B2F-NS

S

E

8F-EW

W

E

B2F-EW

W

D

8F-DU

U

D

B2F-DUU

Fig.1

Acceleration wave profiles of the main quake.

8F-NS

B2F-NS

8F-EW

B2F-EW

8F-DU

B2F-DU

Fig.2

Acceleration response spectra(the range is from 60sec to 96sec in Fig.1, the sampling number is 4096).

-8-

JAEA-Review 2013-057

CHAPTER 2
Nuclear Structure

2.1

Alpha-gamma coincidence measurement for 261Db

2.2

Study of high-spin states in 35S-9-This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2013-057

2.1

Alpha-gamma coincidence measurement for 261Db

M. Asai 1, K. Tsukada1, N. Sato1, T.K. Sato1, A. Toyoshima1, S. Miyashita1,2, K. Ooe1,3,
Y. Kaneya1, T. Ishii1, Y. Nagame1 and M. Schädel1

The limit of existence of the heaviest elements essentially depends on nuclear shell structure. Theoretical
calculations predict that the proton and neutron closed shells should appear at Z = 114 ~ 126 and N ≈ 184[1], which stabilizes the nucleus against fission and makes relatively-stable superheavy nuclei. Recent
progress in experimental techniques has enabled us to approach this superheavy element region. However,
our knowledge on the shell structure of superheavy nuclei is still very limited because of lack ofexperimental data. One of the most sensitive probes to clarify the shell structure are energy spacings andthe order of proton and neutron single-particle orbitals. Thus, to unravel these features, spectroscopic
studies for superheavy nuclei are highly desired. It is expected that three proton orbitals 7/2−[514],
1/2−[521], and 9/2+[624] are lying closely around the Fermi surface in Z = 101, 103, and 105 isotopes [1].
The ground-state configurations of Z = 101 (Md) isotopes are known to be 7/2−[514] which was establishedthrough α-decay spectroscopy [2]. Those of Z = 103 (Lr) isotopes are found to be either 7/2−[514] or
1/2−[521] depending on the isotopes [3]. The next proton orbital 9/2+[624] is thus expected to become theground state in Z = 105 (Db) isotopes, although there is no experimental data for Db isotopes. To establish
the ground-state configuration of Db isotopes, we have carried out α-γ coincidence measurement for 261Db.
The nucleus 261Db was produced in the 248Cm(19F,6n)261Db reaction. The beam energy was 113 MeV ontarget, and the average beam intensity was 0.6-particle µA. Reaction products recoiling out of the target
were thermalized in He gas, transported through a 25-m long capillary with a He/KCl aerosol jet into arotating-wheel α-γ detection system, and deposited on a set of 40 thin catcher foil mounted on the wheel.
The wheel periodically rotated at 4.0-s intervals to move the deposited sources to two consecutive detector
stations each of which was equipped with two Si detectors and two Ge detectors. Alpha-singles and α-γ
coincidence events were recorded event by event together with time information. Details of theexperimental setup are given in Ref. [4,5].
Figure 1 shows an α energy spectrum observed with the Si detector located at the first detector station. A
small α peak was observed at 8930 keV, which exhibited a short half-life of < 4 s. This α peak should
correspond to the α decay of 261Db. The α-α time correlation analysis also showed the existence of thecorrelated α-α events between 261Db and its daughter 257Lr. We accumulated a total beam dose of 2.1 × 1018,
and observed approximately 40 α events of 261Db. Several γ-ray events were also observed in coincidencewith the α particles of 261Db. To get a better statistics, we plan to continue this measurement.

1Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Hiroshima University
3
Niigata University2- 11 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

214m

At

257

Lr +214At
261
Db

Lr
258

Counts

20

262

213

Po
Db

30

10
0
8000

Fig. 1

9000
Alpha-particle Energy (keV)energy spectrum observed with the Si detector located at the first detector station.

References[1] A. Sobiczewski and K. Pomorski, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys., 58 (2007) p.292.
[2] F. P. Heßberger et al., Eur. Phys. J. A, 26 (2005) p.233.
[3] A. Chatillon et al., Eur. Phys. J. A, 30 (2006) p.397; M. Asai et al., RIKEN Acc. Prog. Rep., 43 (2010) ix.
[4] M. Asai et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 95 (2005) 102502.
[5] M. Asai et al., Phys. Rev., C 83 (2011) 014315.

- 12 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

2.2

Study of high-spin states in 35S

S. Go1, E. Ideguchi2, R. Yokoyama1, M. Kobayashi1, K. Kisamori1, S. Michimasa1, S. Shimoura1,
M. Sugawara3, M. Koizumi4, Y. Toh4, T. Shizuma4, A. Kimura4, H. Harada4, K. Furutaka4,
S. Nakamura4, F. Kitatani4 and Y. Hatsukawa4 1

After the finding of superdeformed (SD) band in 152Dy [1], SD structures in various mass regions havebeen systematically studied. Recently SD rotational bands in mass A ~ 40 region have been discovered in36

Ar [2], 40Ar [3], 40Ca [4]. The occurrence of SD structures in this region was related to the existence oflarge energy gaps of deformed single particle energies. Woods-Saxon single particle diagram (see Fig. 4 ofRef [4]) shows the gaps at β2 ~ 0.5 in Z = 18 and β2 ~0.6 in Z = 20. The diagram also shows the candidateof the SD nuclei, β2 ~ 0.6 in Z = 16. The existence of the SD band in 32S (Z = 16) was predicted for a longtime [5], but the SD structure has not been observed yet.
Neutron-rich sulfur isotopes were also predicted as thecandidate of SD nuclei by Skyrme-Hartree-Fockcalculation and the SD local minimum in 36S resultsfrom the combination of the gaps at Z = 16 and N = 20
[6].

Accordingly,

thehigh-spin

study

of

the

neutron-rich sulfur isotopes has the importance toclarify the SD structure in Z = 16. In 35S, the high-spin
excited levels up to 7.18 MeV were found and themultipolarities of each gamma-ray transition werestudied in our previous experiments [7, 8]. In order tofind optimal beam energy and to investigate high-spinstates in 35S, an excitation function measurement was
performed at the tandem accelerator facility of Japan
Fig. 1 Gamma-ray spectra gating the 1991
keV transition in 35S were labeled.

Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA).
High-spin states of 35S was produced by the fusion
evaporation reaction 26Mg(18O, 2α1n)35S at 18O beamenergy of 70, 80, 95 and 110 MeV. A thin 26Mg

self-support target was used and fusion products go through the target. Gamma rays were measured by the
GEMINI-Ⅱarray [9] with the BGO Compton suppressor shield. The 14 detectors were placed at 5 different
angles, 47◦ (4 Ge’s), 72◦ (2 Ge’s), 90◦ (2 Ge’s), 105◦ (4 Ge’s) and 147◦ (2 Ge’s). The ΔE of charged particles
from compound nuclei were measured by the Si-Ball [10], a 4π array consisting of 11 Si detectors of 170
μm thickness. The most forward Si detector was segmented into 5 sections and the second forward

1

Center for Nuclear Study , University of Tokyo (CNS)
Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University (RCNP)
3
Chiba Institute of Technology, Faculty of Information and Computer Science
4
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
2- 13 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

detectors were segmented into 2 sections. Total 20 channels were used to select the multi-charged
evaporation channels.
Gamma-ray spectra were obtained by correcting the Doppler effect and gamma-gamma-coincidence
analysis has been performed (See Fig. 1). By gating the lowest transition related to 35S of 1991 keV [11],the transitions reported in the previous study [7,8] were observed in the case of 18O beam energy at 70 and
80 MeV. The transitions related to 35S were not clearly observed in 95 and 110 MeV. It indicates the crosssection of 35S goes down rapidly from 80 to 110 MeV. The transition of 1302 keV from the level of 7.18
MeV was assigned as the highest transition in our previous study [7, 8]. Table. 1 shows the relative
intensities of transition of 1302 keV for each transition. The relative intensities of the 1302 keV for 1824
keV transition were 1.10(28) and 1.30(52) in 70 and 80 MeV beam energy although the intensities at higher
excited energy, 5.9 MeV, were 5.3(13) and 6.8(0.9). There was small difference in the relative intensity at
3.8 MeV. In contrast, the intensities at higher excited energy were larger at 80 MeV beam energy. This
result implies the excited states above 7.18 MeV were more produced in the case of 80 MeV beam energy.
For this reason, the 18O beam energy at 80 MeV is selected to excite the high-spin states of 35S in the26

Mg(18O, 2α1n)35S reaction.
Table. 1 Relative intensities of 1302 keV for each transition. Excited levels are shown as Eex.
Beam

Relative Intensity

Energy(1302/1824)(1302/987)(1302/466)(MeV)

Eex=3.8 MeV

Eex=5.0 MeV

Eex=5.9 MeV

70

1.10(28)

2.15(35)

5.3(1.3)80

1.30(52)

2.39(40)6.8(0.9)

References[1] P. J. Twin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 (1986) 7, pp.811-814.
[2] C. E. Swensson et al., Phys. Lett. 85 (2000) 13, pp.2693-2696.
[3] E. Ideguchi et al., Phys. Lett., B 686 (2010) pp.18-22.
[4] E. Ideguchi et al., Phys, Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 22, 222501.
[5] I. Ragnarsson et al., Phys. Rep. 45 (1987) pp.1-87.
[6] T. Inakura et al., Nucl. Phys., A 728 (2003) pp.52-64.
[7] E. Ideguchi et al., CNS Ann. Rep. 2009 (2010) pp.23-24.
[8] E. Ideguchi et al., CNS Ann. Rep. 2010 (2011) pp.5-6.
[9] M. Oshima et al., J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 278 (2008) pp.257-262.
[10] T. Kuroyanagi et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A 316 (1992) pp.289-296.
[11] A. Guichard et al., Phys. Rev., C 12 (1975) pp.1109-1117.

- 14 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

CHAPTER 3
Nuclear Reaction

3.1

Measurement of fission fragment mass distributions of compound nuclei populated
by multi-nucleon transfer reaction in 18O + 238U

3.2

Energy and angular distributions of 16O particles from155

Gd(18O, 16O)157Gd two-neutron transfer reaction

3.3

Fission of iridium isotopes

3.4

Fission fragment anisotropy in heavy-ion-induced fission of actinide nuclei

3.5

Measurement of branching ratio of 22Ne (α, γ) 26Mg / 22Ne (α, n) 25Mg reactions (2)- 15 -

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

3.1 Measurement of fission fragment mass distributions of compound nuclei populated
by multi-nucleon transfer reaction in 18O + 238U
K. Nishio 1, K. Hirose1, T. Nagayama1,2, H. Makii1, I. Nishinaka1, S. Ota1, T. Ishii1, K. Tsukada1,
M. Asai1, S. Chiba3, T. Ohtsuki4, S. Araki5 and Y. Watanabe5

Mass distributions of fission fragments for neutron induced fissions of actinide nuclei are the importantnuclear data for atomic energy applications. In nuclear reactors with highly burned nuclear fuels and next
generation fast breeder reactors, it is necessary to consider fission of minor actinides with relatively shorthalf-lives. Delayed neutron yields are also one of the important data, because it will influence the reactor
response. The delayed neutron yield is sensitive to the fission fragment mass and charge distributions. In thisexperimental program, we are promoting the measurement of the fission fragment mass distributions for
short-lived actinide nuclei, whose data for neutron-induced fissions are practically impossible to take. We use
multi-nucleon transfer reactions to populate the excited compound nuclei using an 18O beam and an available
actinide target.
Fission properties of excited compound nuclei populated in the multi-nucleon transfer reaction 18O + 238U
were measured. The experiment was carried out at the JAEA tandem accelerator. Energy of the 18O beam was
157.5 MeV. Projectile-like nucleus produced in multi-nucleon transfer reaction was identified using silicon
ΔE-E detectors, and its energy was measured to assign
the excitation energy of the compound nucleus. Twofission fragments were detected by position-sensitive
multiwire-proportional counters (MWPCs). Timedifference between the two MWPCs was recorded.
Fission fragment masses were determined with thekinematic consideration by refereeing the velocity andthe direction of recoiled fissioning nuclei which were
determined by detecting the projectile-like nucleus.
Figure 1 shows the fission events of 239Np* as afunction of fragment mass and excitation energy of thecompound nucleus. A transition from asymmetric tosymmetric fission toward high excitation energy isseen. Similar data for 237,238,239,240U*, 240,241,242Np*, and241,242,243,244

Pu* were obtained in a single measurement.

1Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Ibaraki University
3
Tokyo Institute of Technology
4
Tohoku University
5
Kyushu University2- 17 -

Fig. 1 Fission events of 239Np* as a function of
the fragment mass and the excitation energy of
the compound nucleus.

JAEA-Review 2013-057

3.2

Energy and angular distributions of 16O particles from155
Gd(18O, 16O)157Gd two-neutron transfer reaction

H. Makii 1, T. Ishii1, S. Ota1, K. Nishio1, I. Nishinaka1, S. Chiba2, M. Asai1, K. Furutaka1 and S. Mitsuoka1

Neutron-capture [hereafter (n,γ)] cross sections of unstable nuclei play an important role in stellar
nucleosynthesis. In the nucleosynthesis by slow neutron capture process (s-process) half lives of someunstable nuclei are long lived that the (n,γ) reactions can be competing with β-decay. Such long-lived
nuclei act as branching points in the reaction path of the s-process. In order to understand the stellar
conditions for the s-process nucleosynthesis, (n,γ) reaction cross sections of unstable nuclei over a wide
stellar temperature range (kT ≈ 8 ~ 90 keV) are required [1]. In addition (n,γ) cross sections of long-lived
fission products (LLFPs) are the most important physical quantities for the study on transmutation of
nuclear wastes. However, the measurement of the (n,γ) cross sections of unstable nuclei is very difficult.
The main reasons for the difficulty are due to sample preparation and/or radioactivity of the sample. Thesedifficulties can be overcome with the surrogate method, which aims at determining reaction cross sections
for compound-nuclear reaction on the basis of the assumption that the formation and decay of a compound
nucleus are independent of each other [2].
Recently, we have been developing an experimental apparatus for the surrogate method to determine (n,γ)
cross sections by means of multinucleon transfer reactions with heavy-ion projectiles, such as (18O, 16O)
two-neutron transfer reaction. The surrogate method using the multinucleon transfer reactions has anadvantage to obtain experimental data corresponding to a wide variety of reactions in one experimental
setup; e.g., when one bombard Gd targets with 18O beams, one can observe various isotopes of O, F, N andC, which correspond to the populations of series of Gd, Eu, Tb, and Dy isotopes as compound nuclei [3]. In
addition, it is well known that the angular distribution of the heavy-ion-induced transfer reactions atenergies above the Coulomb barrier is expected to have a peak around the grazing angle θ gr. This angular
distribution gives a clear criterion for the scattering angle to be measured [4]. In the present study, we havemeasured the energy and angular distributions of outgoing 16O particles from 155Gd(18O, 16O) two-neutrontransfer reaction. A 155Gd target (92 % enrichment in 155Gd) with a thickness of 0.9 mg/cm2 and a diameterof 10 mm deposited on 1.1 µm aluminum foil was bombarded by a 153 MeV 18O beam. Here, θ gr is about
32o with respect to the beam axis in laboratory system. Outgoing particles were detected by the Si ∆E-E
detector. The Si ∆E-E detector consists of four surface-barrier type Si ∆E detectors with a thickness of 65µm and a diameter of 20 mm, and an annular Si E detector with an inside diameter of 48 mm, an outside
diameter of 96 mm, and a thickness of 300 µm. The Si E detector has sixteen annular active-areas covering
angle ranges between 21.2o and 37.8o with respect to the incident beam axis. Hence we can obtain not only
the energy distributions of the outgoing 16O particles, but also the angular distributions of 16O particles.

1
2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Tokyo Institute of Technology- 18 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

Figure 1 shows E-∆E plot for outgoing particles measured by the Si ∆E-E detector at θ (outgoing angle of
16O) = 23.0o (a), 27.6o (b), 31.8o (c), and 35.7o (d) with respect to the beam axis, respectively. By assumingthat the outgoing particle is not excited, excitation energy of compound nucleus can be deduced from thekinetic energy (E) of outgoing particle. The enclosed areas in Fig. 1 with dashed lines contains 157Gd withexcitation energy between 6.4 and 26.4 MeV. Since the neutron separation energy of 157Gd is 6.4 MeV,
these enclosed areas correspond to neutron energy up to 20 MeV in 157Gd(n,γ) reaction. Figure 2 shows theenergy and angular distributions of outgoing 16O particles contained in the enclosed areas in Fig. 1. As
shown in Fig. 2 the peak is located at E ≈ 134 MeV and θ ≈ 24o. The peak of the angular distribution issmaller than θ gr ≈ 32o. This suggests that slightly lower bombarding energy (~ 135 MeV) is more suitable
for measurement of 155Gd(18O, 16O) two-neutron transfer reaction.

Fig.1 E-∆E plot for outgoing particles measured by the Si ∆E-E detector at outgoing angles of θ = 23.0 o(a), 27.6 o (b), 31.8 o (c), and 35.7 o (d) with respect to the beam direction, respectively.

Fig. 2 Energy and angular distributions of outgoing 16O particles from 155Gd(18O, 16O) reaction.
References[1] F. Käppeler and A. Mengoni, Nucl. Phys., A777 (2006) pp.291-310.
[2] J.E. Escher et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 84 (2012) pp.353-397.
[3] H. Makii et al., JAEA-Tokai Tandem Annu. Rep. 2011, JAEA-Review 2013-002 (2013) pp.19-20.
[4] K. Ogata, S. Hashimoto and S. Chiba, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 48 (2011) pp.1337-1342.

- 19 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

3.3 Fission of iridium isotopes
K. Nishio1, A. Andreyev2, H. Kentaro1, J. Cubiss2, E. Maeda1,
H. Makii1, T. Nagayama1,3, I. Nishinaka1, S. Ohta1 and T. Ohtsuki4

Finding of an asymmetric mass distribution in the low-energy fission of proton-rich nucleus 180Hg [1] initiated several
theoretical calculations on the fragment mass distributions for nuclei in wide area of chart of nuclei. It was demonstrated
by P. Möller and J. Randrup that there was an island of mass-asymmetric fission in the proton-rich lead nuclei [2]. Alsoin the light nuclei between Z = 74 – 78 (tungsten to platinum), a fission mode with very large mass asymmetry waspredicted, suggesting the possible formation of cluster structure at the last stage of the fission process due to the shells inthe vicinity of doubly-magic nucleus 132Sn. Motivated by the theoretical predictions, we started a campaign to measure
the fission fragment mass distributions for nuclei in wide area on the chart of nuclei. First attempt was focused on thefission of compound nuclei 189Ir and 193Ir formed in the reactions of 7Li + 182,186W. The 189Ir is the nucleus also studied in
the reactions of p + 188Os and α + 185Re [3].
Exeriment was carried out using the 7Li beams suppled by the tandem accelerator. Thin targets of about 100 μg/cm2 weremade by sputtering the enriched tungstem materials (isotopic abundance : 99.4 % for 182W and 99.8% for 186W) on acarbon foil of 50μg/cm2. Both fission fragments were detected by two position-sensitive multi-wire proportionalcounters (MWPCs) with active area of 200mm × 200 mm. The MWPCs were mounted at ± 90o relative to thebeam direction at a distance 249 mm from the target. Incident beam energies were Ebeam = 68.0, 41.1, and 31.5
MeV.
250

Ir at

the 7Li incident beam energy of 41.1 MeV (excitation energy E* = 50.8
MeV). The distribution shows a symmetric shape with the standard
deviation σm = 13.1 u. This value is about 18 % larger than σm = 10.7 u
obtained in the reaction α + 185Re leading to the same compound nucleus
at the slightly lower excitation energy of E* = 47.5 MeV studied in the α+185

Re reaction [3]. In this spectrum, we did not observe clear signatureof the fission mode with large mass asymmetry. The analysis for the otherincident energies and the other compound nucleus

193

Ir is in progress.

References[1] A. Andreyev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 105 (2010) 252102.
[2] J. Randrup and P. Möller, private communication.
[3] M.G. Itkis et al., Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 53 (1991) 757.
1Japan Atomic Energy Agency
University of York
3
Ibaraki University
4
Tohoku University
2- 20 -

200
CountsFigure 1 shows the mass distribution of the compound nucleus

189 *

7

Li + 182W

150
100
50
0

40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Fragment Mass (u)Fig. 1 Fragment mass distributions of
the fission of 198Ir*.

JAEA-Review 2013-057

3.4 Fission fragment anisotropy in heavy-ion-induced fission of actinide nuclei
I. Nishinaka1, M. Tanikawa2, K. Nishio1, H. Makii1, S. Mitsuoka1, Y. Wakabayashi1 and A. Yokoyama3

In general fission fragment angular distributions in light-ion-induced fission are successfully explained by thestandard saddle point model [1]. However, in heavy-ion-induced fission of actinides at near-barrier energies, it has
been found that fission fragment anisotropy becomes anomalously larger than that expected from the standard saddle
point model [2, 3]. This anomaly of fission fragment anisotropy was thought to originate from non-equilibrium
fission. The pre-equilibrium K-states model suggests that fission fragment anisotropy in heavy-ion-induced fission ofactinides is governed by the entrance channel mass asymmetry α=(At-Ap)/(At+Ap) [4, 5], where At and Ap refer tomass numbers of target and projectile nuclei, respectively. A limited number of experiments have been carried out tostudy the effect of different entrance channels leading to the same compound nucleus, 248Cf (16O+232Th and12

C+236U) [6] and 246Bk (14N+232Th and 11B+235U) [7]. In order to study the effect of fission fragment anisotropy on

entrance channels we measured fission fragment angular distributions in the reactions of 22Ne+232Th (α =0.827),
16

O+238U (α =0.874) and 12C+242Pu (α =0.906)[8], leading to the same compound nucleus 254Fm. As shown in Fig.1,

the anisotropy for 22Ne+232Th with the smallest entrance channel mass asymmetry α=0.827 is larger than those for
16

O+238U and 12C+242Pu. This results are hardly explained by the Businaro-Gallone critical point of mass asymmetryfor 254Fm (αBG =0.903) [9]. The uncertainty of the anisotropy is rather large especially for 22Ne+232Th because of the
low statistics. In order to make quantitative understanding, it is important to obtain data with small uncertainty.
Therefore, we have carried out the measurement for the 22Ne+232Th reaction to obtain more statistics. Analysis ofReferences[1] R. Vandenbosch and J. R. Huizenga, Nuclear Fission (Academic,
New York, 1973).
[2] S. Kailas, J. Phys., G 23 (1997) pp.1227-1233.
[3] J. P. Lestone et al., J. Phys., G 23 (1997) pp.1349-1357.
[4] V. S. Ramamurthy et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 65 (1990) pp.25-28.
[5] Z. Liu et al., Phys. Lett., B 353 (1995) pp.173-178.
[6] R. Vandenbosh et al., Phys. Rev., C 54 (1996) pp.R977-R980.
[7] B. R. Behera et al., Phys. Rev., C 69 (2004) 064603.
[8] I. Nishinaka et al., JAEA-Review 2010-056 (2010) pp.46-47;
I. Nishinaka et al., JAEA-Review 2011-040 (2011) pp.31-32.
[9] U. L. Businaro and S. Gallone, Nuovo Cimento 5(1957) p.315;
K. T. R. Davies and A. J. Sierk, Phys. Rev. C31(1985) p.915; M.
Abe, KEK preprint 86-26, KEK-TH-128 (1986).

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)The University of Tokyo
3
Kanazawa University
2- 21 -

A = W(180o) / W(90o)data is still in progress.
4
3
2
1
0
40

45

50

55

60

Excitation energy (MeV)
Fig. 1 Results of the fission fragment
anisotropy for 16O+238U (solid circles),12
C+242Pu(open
squares)and22
232
Ne+ Th (open circles) as a functionof the excitation energy of thecompound nucleus 254Fm.

JAEA-Review 2013-057

3.5 Measurement of branching ratio of 22Ne (α, γ) 26Mg / 22Ne (α, n) 25Mg reactions (2)S. Ota 1, H. Makii1, T. Ishii1, I. Nishinaka1, K. Nishio1, S. Mitsuoka1 and S. Chiba 2

In He-burning phase of massive stars, the 22Ne(α, n)25Mg reaction is considered to be the main neutron
source driving the synthesis of nuclides in the A = 60-90 mass range during the s process [1]. The reaction
also acts as a secondary neutron source during the s process in low-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB)
stars during which roughly half the abundances of nuclides in the A = 90-209 range are thought to besynthesized [2]. A variety of attempts to experimentally determine the rate for this reaction at the Gamow
window (Eα = 400-1000 keV) corresponding to s process temperatures (T9 = 0.2-0.3 GK) has been made bysuch as direct 22Ne(α, n)25Mg measurements [e.g., 3], 26Mg(γ, n)25Mg [4], 25Mg(n, γ)26Mg [e.g., 5], 26Mg(γ,γ’)26Mg [e.g., 6], 26Mg(p, p’γ)26Mg [7], and 22Ne(6Li, d)26Mg α-transfer reactions [8, 9]. However,unambiguous determination of the resonance parameters such as Er, Jπ, Γ, Γγ, Γn and Γα in 26Mg produced by
α + 22Ne has remained the longstanding problem. Of these ambiguous parameters, the ratio of Γn and Γγ todetermine the branching ratio of γ and n emission channels play an important role to obtain the neutron
yield for s process. The competing 22Ne(α, γ)26Mg reaction (Q = 10.615 MeV) with the 22Ne(α, n)25Mg
reaction (open above excitation energy of 26Mg, Ex = 11.093 MeV) may be of considerable strength andsignificantly suppress the neutron production during the He burning (Ex = 10.9-11.5 MeV). To solve thisproblem, we propose a 6Li(22Ne, 26Mg)d α-transfer experiment. Because the ground states of α and 22Ne are
Jπ = 0+, the α-transfer reaction preferentially populates the natural parity states in 26Mg. This makes possible
to study astrophysically relevant natural parity states in 26Mg. Different from the kinematics used in the
22

Ne(6Li, d)26Mg reaction, its inverse kinematics enables us to determine the Γn / Γγ from measurements of

the ratio of 26Mg and 25Mg produced in the reaction.
We performed the 6Li(22Ne, 26Mg)d experiment using a 110 MeV 22Ne beam from JAEA -Tokai Tandem
accelerator. 6Li-enriched (95%) lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) target with the thickness of 20 μg/cm2 was
prepared on a graphite backing foil (20 μg/cm2) so that the energy loss of the 22Ne beam and deuterons in
those materials will be negligibly small. The beam intensity was 10 pnA, and the experiment continued for
12 hours. Si ΔE-E detectors are used for particle identification in both of Mg and deuterons. For thedetection of Mg, we used 20 μm thickness surface-barrier type detectors and 300 μm thickness PIN diodedetectors. For the detection of deuterons, we used 75 μm thickness ion-implanted type detector and 300 μm
thickness PIN diode detectors. Energy resolutions of ΔE and E detectors for the upstream detectors are 40
keV and 25 keV using 241Am source, respectively. Thus totally < 50 keV is achieved, which is a better
resolution than the former experiment with a 6Li beam [9]. For each of the upstream (deuteron) and thedownstream (Mg) detectors, 4 sets of Si ΔE-E detectors were used and placed at θ = 25° in Center-of-Mass(CM) system (θCM). The angle was chosen because the large cross section (about 10 μb/sr) was observed at
the experiment by the normal kinematics [8]. To limit the scattered angle of deuterons, we have placed ϕ =1
2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Tokyo Institute of Technology- 22 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

1.0 mm collimators in the front of the downstream detectors. The energies of deuterons were measured todetermine the excitation energy of 26Mg. The background events are reduced by taking coincidence of Mg
and deuteron. Details of the coincidence detection techniques are given in [10].
Figure 1 shows the deuteron spectrum obtained by the experiment. Those deuterons were all measured by
the coincidence detection with the Mg. Unfortunately, no clear resonance structure could be identified fromthe figure, that is different from the spectrum obtained in [8] which was measured at almost the same CM
angle. This is mainly due to the insufficient collimation of the particle detectors. In the present test, the sizeof slits were too large, the angular resolution of the deuterons were δθLAB < 2.5°, i.e., the energy width ofeach resonance was about 250 keV.
In the next experiment, we will apply an improved detection system. Slits for both sides of upstream anddownstream detectors will be introduced. This allows us to limit the δθLAB of deuteron small enough (<0.2°). The construction of a new chamber for this geometry has been completed. Figure 2 shows thesimulated spectrum of some known resonance states at 40° in CM for 3 days beam time by using the
known cross section [8]. A clear resonance spectrum is expected in the next experiment and we will deducethe Γn / Γγ by the measurements of the yield ratio of 26Mg and 25Mg.

Fig. 1 Deuteron spectrum obtained bycoincidence detection with Mg in the
preliminary test (θCM = 25°).

Fig. 2 An expected deuteron spectrum in thenext experiment (θCM = 40°).

References[1] F. Kappeler, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys., 43 (1999) p.419.
[2] O. Straniero et al., Astrophys. J. Lett., 440 (1995) p.L85.
[3] M. Jaeger et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 87 (2001) 202501.
[4] B. L. Berman, R. J. Baglan, and C. D. Bowman, Phys. Rev. Lett., 24 (1970) p.319.
[5] C. Massimi et al., Phys. Rev., C 85 (2012) 044615.
[6] R. Longland et al., Phys. Rev., C 80 (2009) 055803.
[7] C. E. Moss, Nucl. Phys., A 269 (1976) p.429.
[8] U. Giesen et al., Nucl. Phys., A 561 (1993) p.95.
[9] C. Ugalde et al., Phys. Rev., C 76 (2007) 025802.
[10] S. Ota et al., 12th NIC Proceedings (2012) p.221.

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

CHAPTER 4
Nuclear Chemistry

4.1

Production of 95mTc for compton camera imaging

4.2

Synthesis of astatinated phenylalanine derivatives via electrophilic destannylation
for the preparation of astatinated peptide

4.3

Extraction of astatine isotopes for development of radiopharmaceuticals

4.4

Preparatory on-line extraction experiment of group-6 elements Mo and W
for a reduction study of Sg

4.5

Studies on transport mechanism of volatile Hf chloride compounds
in quartz column with isothermal chromatography- 25 -

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

4.1

Production of 95mTc for compton camera imaging

Y. Hatsukawa 1, K. Hashimoto1, K. Tsukada1, T. Sato1, M. Asai1, Y. Nagai1,
A. Toyoshima1, I. Tanimori 2, S. Sonoda2, S. Kabuki 3, H. Saji 4 and Kimura4

Technetium-99m is the most common radioisotope used in medical diagnostic imaging. It is well suited to
the role because it emits readily detectable 141 keV gamma rays, and its half-life is 6.01 hours. There are atleast 31 commonly used radiopharmaceuticals based on technetium-99m for imaging and functional studiesof the brain, myocardium, thyroid, lungs, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, skeleton, blood, and tumors. Recent
years, with the development of the Compton camera which can realize high position resolution, technetium
isotopes emitting high energy gamma-rays are required. In this study, technetium-95m which emits somegamma rays around 800 keV was produced in the 95Mo(p,n)95mTc reaction.
nat

MoO3 targets with 300-700 mg were irradiated with the 15 MeV proton beam for 7 hours at the JAEA

Tandem accelerator. Averaged beam currents were 1.2 µA. After a few weeks cooling time, about 300-500
kBq of 95mTc were extracted from the irradiated MoO3 target by a chemical separation described in [1].
Using purified 95mTc, a labeled compound, 95mTc-MDP (methylene diphosphate), was synthesized. In order
to examine quality of the labeled compounds obtained in this study, a thin-layer chromatography (TLC)
method was applied. A spot of solution of the labeled compound was placed at the edge of the TLC plate,
and the plate stood up-right in a solvent. Two kind of solvents, Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) andphysiological saline were used. After about 10 -30 min dipping time, the TLC plates were dried and taken
autoradiography images using imaging plates for 12 hours. Based on this result, it was found that thelabeled compound, 95mTc-MDP was synthesized well.
Then, Compton camera imaging was taken by the Electron-tracking Compton gamma-ray camera (ETCC)
which was developed by the Tanimori’s group of Kyoto University for medical usage [2-4]. 170 kBq
technetium-95m solution contained in φ10 mm plastic vial was used as a radiation source. The tentative
result obtained from the experiment is shown in Fig.1. The white circle shows the size of φ10 mm plastic
vial source.

The obtained image taken by ETCC is distributed about φ30 mm. A higher position

sensitivity image can be reconstructed by more careful data analysis.

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
3
School of Medicine, Tokai University
4
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
2- 27 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

Fig.1 A preliminary result of imaging obtained from the ETCC. The white circle shows thesize of original Tc-95m source. Most of events are reconstructed within about φ30 mm.

References[1] Y. Hatsukawa et al, JAEA-Review 2011-040, pp.52-53.
[2] S.Kabuki et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A623 (2010) p.606.
[3] S.Kabuki et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A 580 (2007) p.1031.
[4] T. Tanimori et al., New Astron. Rev. 48 (2004) p.236.

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

4.2 Synthesis of astatinated phenylalanine derivatives via electrophilic destannylation
for the preparation of astatinated peptide
Sh. Watanabe1, I. Nishinaka1, K. Hashimoto1, I. Sasaki1, Sa. Watanabe1, Y. Sugo1, H. Makii1 and N. S. Ishioka1

Alpha emitting radionuclides have been of interest for several decades as candidates for radiotherapy due to their highcytotoxicity against living cells. 211At (half-life: 7.21 h) is one of the most promising radionuclides because its half-life
is long enough to accumulate in target tissues and its α-particle energy (5870 keV and 7450 keV from 211Po) is
appropriate for therapy [1]. Biologically active peptides characteristically display high specificity to receptor proteins
expressed in cancer cells and rapidly localize in those cells within several hours. These properties make peptides
attractive as carrier molecules or targeting vectors of therapeutic radionuclides for cancer therapy. Peptide Receptor
Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT), or radiotherapy using radiolabeled peptides, has been demonstrated in the treatment ofneuroendcrine tumors [3,4]. 211At labeled peptides are also promising radiopharmaceuticals for the PRRT. The goal ofthis study is to prepare an astatinated biologically active peptide for PRRT. Electrophilic destannylation has beenshown to rapidly substitute astatine for a stannyl group with high yield and under mild conditions [5]. Therefore,
astatine labeled peptides will be easily prepared in the presence of peptides containing a stannylated amino acid residue.
In this study, we demonstrated synthesis of an astatinated phenylalanine from the stannylated precursor via electrophilicdestannylation as a feasible technique.
208-211

At were produced by irradiating a natPb target (1.2 mg/cm2 thickness) with 7Li beam (45 MeV, 138 nA current)

via the natPb(7Li,xn)208-211At reaction. 208-211At isotopes were isolated from the irradiated target by dry distillation aspreviously described [6]. The synthetic route of derivatization of phenylalanine is outlined in Scheme 1.
N-Boc-p-tributylstannylphenylalanine methyl ester 3 was then synthesized by procedures reported previously [7].
N-Boc-p-radiohalogenatedphenylalanine methyl esters 4, 5, 6 were obtained by procedures as follows; to a solution
containing 10 μL of 10 mg/mL of the stannylated phenylalanine in ethanol was added 200 μL of ethanol containing
208-211At, 77Br, or 131I. Then, 20 μL of 10 mg/mL of N-chlorosuccinimide in ethanol was added. The mixture was stirred

at room temperature for 15 min. The reaction was stopped by adding 10 μL of 10 mg/mL of sodium metabisulfite in
H2O. The desired compound was confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). A 10 μL of a portion of the reactant
was spotted 2 cm from the bottom of a silica gel thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate. The plates were developed bydichloromethane/methanol solution (20/1, v/v). After drying, the plates were exposed to the imaging plate for 24 hours,
and whereby the distribution of radioactivity on the plates was visualized by the Bioimaging Analyzer System (BAS).
The labeling yield was calculated from the measured radioactivity of each spot obtained by the BAS.
TLC images of the astatinated compound showed that a strong radioactive spot was observed at Rf = 0.8 (Fig. 1a) while
free astatine at Rf = 0.0 (Fig. 1b). Astatine has no stable isotopes, which makes it quite difficult to characterizeastatinated compounds by conventional devices such as NMR and mass spectroscopy. Phenylalanine derivatives
labeled with 131I, 5, or 77Br, 6, were then prepared in order to characterize the astatinated product. A single radioactive
spot was observed at Rf = 0.75 for 5 (Fig. 1c), and Rf = 0.73 for 6 (Fig. 1f), respectively, which were identical to those of1

Japan Atmic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 29 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

non-radioactive compounds 1 (Fig. 1e) and 7 (Fig. 1h). These results clearly
early indicated that the astatinated phenylalanine
derivative was successfully produced by electrophilic destannylation. The labeling yield of the astatination was
estimated to be over 95%.
Future work will focus on the synthesis of an astatinated peptide which binds to the Her2/neu receptor protein. The
protein has been shown to be overexpressed
overexpress on the cell surface of both breast cancer and lung cancer [7]. Interest in thisreceptor is generated from literature which suggests that a peptide consisting
consisting of six amino acids(Met-Ala-Arg-Ser-Gly-Leu) strongly binds
bind to the Her2/neu receptor[8].
]. Synthesis of the peptide containing astatinatedphenylalanine (Phe(p-At)-Met-Ala-Arg
Arg-Ser-Gly-Leu is now being undertaken.
I

I

i
H 2N

CO2H

H2N

CO2H

X

Bu3Sn

ii

iii
BocHN

CO2Me

iv
BocHN

1

2

3

Yield: 70%

Yield: 77%

Yield: 58%

CO 2Me

BocHN

CO2Me

4: X = At
5: X = 131I
6: X = 77Br
7: X = Br

Scheme 1. Synthetic route of phenylalanine derivatives; i) I2, NaIO3, conc.H2SO4, AcOH, 70 oC; ii) Boc2O, 1M
NaOHaq., r.t.; iii) MeOH, EDC-HCl,
HCl, DMAP, CH2Cl2, r.t.; iv) (SnBu3)2, Pd(PPh3)4, dioxane, N2, reflux; v)
131
77
At/Na I /Na Br, N-chlorosuccinimide
chlorosuccinimide, 1%AcOH-EtOH, r.t.

Fig. 1 Results of TLC experiments; a) 4, b) free astatine, c) 5, d) free iodine, e) 2, f) 6,, g) free bromine, h) 7. Imagesof a), b), c), d), f), and g) were visualized by BAS; e), and h) were visualized by UV.
References[1] D. S. Wilbur, Curr. Radiopharm., 1,
1 (2008) pp.144-176.
[2] V. Ambrosini et al., J. Nucl. Med.,, 52 (2011) pp.42S-55S.
[3]] M. M. Graham and Y. Menda, J. Nucl. Med.,
Med. 52, (2011) pp.56S-63S.
[4] M. J. Adam, and D. S. Wilbur, Chem. Soc. Rev. 34, (2005) pp.153-163.
[5] I. Nishinaka et al., JAEA-Review
Review 2013-002
201(2013) pp.33-34.
[6] I. Sasaki et al., Peptide Sci. 2012 (2013) pp.157-160.
[7] M. C. Hung, and Y. K. Lau., Semin Oncol. 26, (1999) pp.51-59.
[8] M. Houimei et al., Int. J. Cancer, 92 (2001) pp.748-755.

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

4.3

Extraction of astatine isotopes for development of radiopharmaceuticals
E. Maeda 1, A. Yokoyama2, T. Taniguchi1, K. Washiyama3 and I. Nishinaka4

High energetic α-particles are expected to suppress tumor cell growth efficiently with a low level ofdamage to surrounding tissues because of their short path lengths in tissues (<100 μm) and high linear
energies transferred (~100 keV/μm). Among a lot of α radionuclides, an 211At isotope has gatheredattention as a promising α-emitter for radionuclide therapy due to its proper half-life of 7.2 h. In order toobtain astatine isotopes, they are supposed to be produced via nuclear reactions, and separated from
irradiated targets with high purity. But, the chemical properties of astatine are not well known for that
purpose. In order to research on appropriate procedures in preparation of astatine for radiopharmaceuticals,
we produced astatine isotopes by the reaction of natPb(7Li, xn)209-211At and performed a chemical separationof the isotopes from the target material. Solvent extraction has been considered one of the effective
methods for that purpose [1]. We report dependence of the distribution ratio in solvent extraction of astatineon the concentration of HCl, and on the polarity of organic solvents to discuss the procedures.
A lead target (0.74 mg/cm2) was irradiated with 50 MeV 7Li beam with a current of 120-200 nA using the
JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator to produce astatine isotopes by the reaction of natPb(7Li, xn)209-211At. The
irradiated target was put into a test tube and heated up to 650 ℃ and let stand for about 20 min in anelectric furnace. Then carrier-free astatine was separated from the lead target by distillation. In theprocedure, vaporized astatine isotopes were trapped in 4 M HCl solution which was then adjusted to several
HCl concentrations between 1M and 8 M to be subjected to the extraction process of astatine isotopes withan equal volume of DIPE for 5 minutes. The γ-activity of each phase in extraction was measured with a
HPGe detector to obtain the distribution ratio of astatine isotopes.
Subsequently, for the investigation on dependence of the distribution ratio of astatine on the polarity of theorganic solvent, astatine isotopes were produced and distilled as in the experiment described above but
trapped in 8 M HCl solution. Astatine was extracted from the 8 M HCl solution into equal volume ofseveral different organic solvent in polarity by shaking for 5 min. The distribution rations were obtained in
the same way as the experiment described above.
Dependence of the distribution ratio on the concentration of HCl was observed for DIPE as shown in Fig. 1.
It demonstrates that the chemical species of astatine change depending on the HCl concentration. Astatine
isotopes are extracted in the form of astatine chloride at higher concentration of HCl, but are extracted in
the form of astatine hydroxide at lower concentration of HCl. On the other hand, the astatine isotopes were
well extracted into DIPE and MIBK, but no significant extraction was observed in the other solvents as
1

Grad. School Nat. Sci., Tech. Kanazawa Univ.
Inst. Sci. Eng., Kanazawa Univ.
3
Sch. of Health Sci., College of Med., Pharma. Health Sci., Kanazawa Univ.
2

4

ASRC, Japan Atomic Energy Agency- 31 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

shown in Fig. 2. It demonstrates that the affinity of astatine is related to polarity of the organic solvent for
the 8M HCl solution. Our result is generally consistent with that of Ref. [2]. These results are still a part ofchemical properties of the element in investigation but are useful for design of the chemical procedures inbasic handling of astatine as well as development of the 211Rn-211At generator as the ultimate goal of the
project.

Fig. 1 Distribution ratios of astatine for several concentrations of HCl with DIPE.

Fig. 2 Distribution ratios of astatine for different polarities of organic solvents with 8 M HCl.

References[1] H. M. Neumann. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 4 (1957) pp.349-353.
[2] C. Alliot et al., Radiochim. Acta., 97 (2009) pp.161-165.

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

4.4

Preparatory on-line extraction experiment of group-6 elements Mo and W for a
reduction study of Sg

A. Toyoshima 1, S. Miyashita1,2, K. Ooe1,3, H. V. Lerum4, Y. Kitayama5, A. Wada6, M. Asai1, T.K. Sato1,
Y. Kaneya1, Y. Komori7, T. Yokokita7, Y. Kasamatsu7, K. Tsukada1, Y. Kitatsuji1, Y. Nagame1, M. Schädel1,
J.P. Omtvedt4, A. Yokoyama5, H. Haba8, A. Shinohara7 and J.V. Kratz9

Seaborgium (Sg), placed on the group 6 of the Periodic Table, is expected to be redox-active similar to its
lighter homologs, Mo and W. Theoretical calculation shows that Sg can be reduced from the most stablehexavalent state Sg(VI) to, e.g., the tetravalent one [1]. It also predict that the Sg(VI)/Sg(IV) couple will
have a more negative redox potential than those of the corresponding W ions in acidic solution [1]. In such
reduction reactions, electrons occupy the vacant valence 6d orbital of the Sg(VI) ion. The redox potential of
the Sg(IV)/Sg(VI) couple, therefore, provides information on the stability of the 6d orbital which is
influenced by increasingly strong relativistic effects.
Because of low production rates of 265a,bSg (a and b show two different states) in the 248Cm(22Ne, 5n)reaction and their short half-lives (T1/2) of 8.5 s and 14.4 s [2], only single atoms of Sg are present. Thus,
standard electrochemical techniques are not applicable to its reduction study. We are, therefore, developinga chemistry assembly available for the reduction of single Sg ions which will be coupled to a recoil
separator like GARIS [2]. This assembly consists of a newly developed membrane degasser (MDG), a flow
electrolytic column (FEC) and the continuous liquid-liquid extraction apparatus (SISAK) with a liquid
scintillation counting system [3] to continuously perform dissolution, reduction, separation, and detectionof Sg, respectively. In addition to that, we have found that Mo and W can be extracted from 0.1 M HCl/0.9
M LiCl to organic hinokitiol (HT) solution dissolved in toluene in separate batch experiments. In thepresent study, therefore, we carried out on-line extraction experiments of Mo and W isotopes using the
MDG and SISAK at the JAEA tandem accelerator to test the extraction system of the assembly.
The radioisotopes 91mMo (T1/2 = 65 s), 93mMo (T1/2 = 6.9 h) and 176W (T1/2 = 2.5 h) were produced in the89

Y(7Li, 5n)91mMo, 89Y(7Li, 3n)93mMo, and 175Lu(7Li, 6n)176W reactions, respectively. Nuclear reaction

products were transported to the chemistry laboratory at a He gas flow rate of 1.5 L/min. The transported
products were continuously introduced into a Y-shaped mixer of the MDG where the carrier gas containing
the products was mixed with an aqueous solution of 0.1 M HCl/0.9 M LiCl. The flow rate of the aqueous
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Hiroshima University
3
Niigata University
4
University of Oslo
5
Kanazawa University
6
Tokyo Metropolitan University
7
Osaka University
8
RIKEN
9
University of Mainz
2- 33 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

solution was 0.2 mL/s. The mixture passed through a shallow channel along a hydrophobic membrane filter(Fluoropore Membrane Filters, FGLP04700, Merck Millipore Ltd.) where only the carrier gas was sucked
through the filter. The gas-free aqueous effluent from the MDG was then pumped through a thin Teflon
tube into a Y-shaped mixer of SISAK. The aqueous solution was mixed with an organic solution of 10-5 10-2 M HT in toluene. The mixture was then separated in a centrifuging cell of SISAK. The separated
effluent phases of aqueous and organic solution were collected in two plastic bottles. These samples were
subjected to γ-ray measurement with Ge detectors. To quantify the separation, distribution ratio (D) was
determined. D is defined by the equation D = (Aorg / Vorg) / (Aaq / Vaq), where Aorg and Aaq are theamounts/activities of metal ions in organic and aqueous phases, respectively, and Vorg and Vaq are thevolumes of organic and aqueous phases, respectively.
The dissolved amounts of Mo and W were found to be as high as 70-90%, indicating successful dissolution
with the newly developed MDG. In Fig. 1, variations of the D values of 91mMo, 93mMo, and 176W are shown
as a function of the concentration of HT ([HT]). The D values of Mo and W increase with increasing [HT].
This trend is consistent with that in the batch experiments, showing that SISAK is applicable to theextraction of Mo and W, although the D values obtained with this on-line experiment are smaller than thosemeasured in the batch experiments. In the near future, after further optimization of the extraction system
on-line reduction experiments of Mo and W will be carried out using MDG, FEC, and SISAK.

102
101

D

100

91m

Mo
Mo
176
W
93m

10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4

10-5

10-4

10-3
[HT] / M

10-2

Fig. 1 Variations of distribution ratios (D) of
91m
Mo, 93mMo and 176W as a function of theconcentration of hinokitiol ([HT]).

References[1] V. Pershina et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 103 (1999) pp.8463-8470.
[2] H. Haba et al., Phy. Rev., C 85 (2012) 024611.
[3] J. P. Omtvedt et al., Eur. Phys. J. D 45 (2007) pp.91-97.

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

4.5

Studies on transport mechanism of volatile Hf chloride compounds
in quartz column with isothermal chromatography
S. Goto 1, Y. Oshimi1, T. Tomitsuka1, T. Asai1, M. Murakami1, K. Ooe1, H. Kudo1,
K. Tsukada 2, M. Asai2, T.K. Sato2, A. Toyoshima2, Y. Kanaya2 and Y. Nagame2

A technique of a gas phase chemical separation has been applied to the chemistry experiments to clarify
chemical properties of superheavy elements because it allows separating species of interest continuously
and rapidly. In the gas-phase chemistry, sublimation enthalpies of volatile compounds can be deduced fromtheir adsorption-desorption processes on a surface of gas chromatograph column. We have investigated gas
chromatographic behavior of volatile chloride compounds of Hf isotopes with various half-lives for the
study of Rf to confirm a model of an isothermal chromatography under our experimental condition. In theprevious experiments[1], the temperature which the volatile compounds of Hf passed through the column
was considerably higher rather than that of other reports[2, 3], and retention time was quite short. Since theoxychloride of Hf might be involving in these results, in order to obtain a pure chloride, the gases (He andHCl) to be used were refined further, and the experiments were performed again.
Hafnium isotopes, 165Hf (T1/2 = 76 s), 166Hf (T1/2 = 6.8 min), and 167Hf (T1/2 = 2.05 min), were produced in
the 152Gd(18O, xn) reaction at the JAEA tandem accelerator facility. To compare with previous results, 85Zr
(T1/2 = 7.9 min) were also produced in the natGe(18O, xn) reaction. The Gd was electrodeposited with the
thickness of 300 µg·cm–2 on 2.07 mg·cm–2 Be foil, and the Ge target was prepared with 212 µg·cm–2 using
vapor deposition on the Gd target. The 18O6+ beam energy was 108 MeV, and the intensity was about 1.3µA. Nuclear reaction products were transported to the gas chromatographic apparatus with attaching on acarbon cluster in a He carrier gas flow. The schematic view of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 1. The carbon

Fig. 1 Schematic view of the experimental setup.
1
2

Niigata University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 35 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

cluster was produced by the DC pulse discharge between carbon electrodes. The carbon is expected toremove oxygen existing in the system which forms nonvolatile oxychlorides of Zr and Hf. The transported
products were collected on quartz wool plugged in a quartz tube where a reactive HCl gas was added toform volatile chloride compounds. The formed volatile compounds were then fed into an isothermal
chromatographic quartz column (i.d. 4 mm, 2 m length) directly connected to the tube. The flow rate of He
carrier gas was 0.6 L min–1, the reaction temperature was 1000 ºC, and the pressure at the reaction part was
about 160 kPa. The compounds of Zr and Hf through the column were re-transported attaching on a KClcluster in a N2 carrier gas flow, and collected on glass wool plugged in a glass tube for γ-rays measurement
to examine the yields of these elements which passed through the column. The passed-through yields for Zr
and Hf were obtained as a function of the temperature of the isothermal column. As an additional treatment,
the helium for carrier gas was refined with an oxygen and moisture trap and moisture was also removed
from the chlorination reagent gas (HCl).
The chromatograms obtained in this study are
165

shown in Fig. 2 together with the previous results.
passes the column became low clearly. Since thecondition changed experimentally was only
having refined gas, oxygen or moisture had
influenced the previous behavior of volatilecompounds. However, the temperatures to passthrough the column were still higher thanRelative yield / %The temperature to which a volatile compoundestimation and other report [3] also at this result.

166

167

85

Furthermore, the passage temperature hardly
changed corresponding to the half-life of eachisotope. Therefore, it seems that the influence ofoxygen or moisture was not removed completely.

Fig. 2 Isothermal chromatograms of the compoundof hafnium. Circle symbols are 165Hf (T1/2 = 76 s)
and triangle symbols are 166Hf (T1/2 = 6.8 min).
Closed symboles are the present results and open
symbol are the previous results.

References[1] S. Goto et al., JAEA-Review 2011-040 (2011) p.45.
[2] T.K. Sato et al., J. Nucl. and Radiochem. Sci., 6 (2005) pp.N1-N3.
[3] A. Türler et al., J. Alloys Compd., 271-273 (1998) pp.287-291.

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

CHAPTER 5
Nuclear Theory

5.1

Evolution of the energy levels and shell structure in antimony isotopes

5.2

Single-particle levels of spherical nuclei
in the superheavy and extremely superheavy mass region- 37 -

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

5.1

Evolution of the energy levels and shell structure in antimony isotopes
Y. Utsuno 1, N. Shimizu2, M. Honma3, T. Mizusaki4 and T. Otsuka2

Evolution of the shell structure (often called shell evolution) attracts much theoretical and experimental
interest in the structure of unstable nuclei. In addition to well-known loosely bound effects, the nuclear
force causes the shell evolution. For instance, the tensor force is demonstrated to give a considerable effecton the shell evolution [1]. Among various cases, it was considered that the evolution of low-lying levels in
antimony isotopes (Z=51) offered an excellent example of the shell evolution due to the tensor force. Thisis because (i) the 7/2+1 and 11/2-1 states in odd-A antimony isotopes were regarded as rather good proton
g7/2 and h11/2 single-particle states, respectively, according to the measurement of Schiffer et al. [2], and (ii)the evolution of the energy gap between those single-particle states extracted from experimental levels canbe reproduced only with a mean-field calculation including the tensor force [3]. On the contrary, Sorlin andPorquet have recently pointed out that the 7/2+1 and 11/2-1 states in odd-A antimony isotopes are not goodsingle-particle states based on (3He, d) reaction data and that they are strongly affected by core-coupledstates such as the π(d5/2)⊗3-1 state for the 11/2-1 states [4]. Thus, it is desired to perform a large-scale
nuclear-structure calculation which includes the core-coupled states within its model space to probe theshell evolution in this region.
In the present study, we have carried out shell-model calculations in the full 50≤N≤82 and 50≤Z≤82
valence space for the study of antimony isotopes. Namely, the 1d5/2, 0g7/2, 0h11/2, 1d3/2 and 2s1/2 orbits are
adopted as the valence orbits. In this model space, collective states including the 3-1 states in tin isotopes
are well described by using the semi-empirical neutron-neutron effective interaction named SNBG3 [5].
Hence, core-coupled states are treated appropriately. As for the proton-neutron interaction, which is theessential part in the proton shell evolution in an isotope chain, we take the same VMU interaction as the oneused for the study of neutron-rich silicon and sulfur isotopes [6]. The VMU interaction [7] is aimed atuniversal description of the shell evolution, comprising the π+ρ meson exchange tensor force and aphenomenological Gaussian central force. Its monopole interaction, which characterizes the shell evolution,is close to that of realistic interactions for the sd- and pf-shell regions.
The 5/2+1, 7/2+1 and 11/2-1 levels in antimony isotopes are compared between experiment and theory in Fig.
1. The present calculation successfully reproduces the experimental energy levels, and in particular the
non-monotonic evolution of the 5/2+1 and 11/2-1 levels relative to the 7/2+1 states. In order to clarify the
relation between the energy levels and the shell structure, the energy levels are also estimated from theeffective-single-particle energy (ESPE). The ESPE1 in Fig. 1 is defined most simply: the proton
single-particle energies on top of 114Sn (N=64) is obtained by assuming the neutron filling configuration in
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
University of Tokyo
3
University of Aizu
4
Senshu University
2- 39 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

1d5/2 and 0g7/2 based on the semi-magic number at N=64. For other neutron numbers, the energies areinterpolated from those of N=50 or N=82. No correlation energy is taken into account for the ESPE1. On
the other hand, the ESPE2 in Fig. 1 includes neutron-neutron correlation energy: the energies are calculatedwith the π(j)⊗0+1 states, where π(j) and 0+1 are the proton single-particle state and the ground state of the tin
isotopes of the same N. Proton-neutron correlation is not included in the ESPE2. It turned out that the trendof the evolution is rather close to the ESPE1 that is basically the same as the one in Ref. [1]. This indicatesthat cancellation between neutron-neutron correlation energy and proton-neutron correlation energy places
the 11/2-1 levels at correct positions. As a result, although the single-particle strengths in antimony isotopes
are considerably reduced from unity due to the correlation energy as pointed out by Sorlin and Porquet [4],the evolution of the energy levels are still dominated by the evolution of the single-particle levels which is
predominantly controlled by the tensor force.

References[1] T. Otsuka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 95 (2005)
232502.
[2] J.P. Schiffer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 92 (2004)
162501.
[3] T. Otsuka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 97 (2006)
162501.
[4] O. Sorlin and M.-G. Porquet, Prog. Part. Nucl.
Phys., 61 (2008) pp.602-673.
[5] M. Honma et al., RIKEN Accelerator Progress
Report, 45 (2012) pp.35-35.
[6] Y. Utsuno et al., Phys. Rev. C, 86 (2012)
051301(R).
[7] T. Otsuka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 104 (2010)
012501.
Fig. 1 Evolution of the 5/2+1 and 11/2-1 levels in
antimony isotopes relative to 7/2+1 compared
between experiment (circles) and theory (lines).
The filled circles denote the states whose
single-particle strengths are measured to be large(≳0.5). The solid lines stand for the full shell-model
calculation and the dotted and dashed lines
correspond to the levels estimated from theeffective single-particle energy. See the text for
more details.

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

5.2

Single-particle levels of spherical nuclei in the superheavy and extremely
superheavy mass region
H. Koura 1 and S. Chiba2,1

What are the nuclear structures far from the stability island of the superheavy mass region and is it possible
to theoretically determine the limit of existence of the nuclear mass region?

Doubly magic nuclei aremainly stabilized through neutron and proton shell closures, particularly spherical single-particle shellclosure. By analyzing the single-particle levels of spherical nuclei, we expect to estimate the next islandof stability in the extremely superheavy mass region.

In this paper, we give a result of the extrapolation of

single-particle levels to the extremely super heavy nuclear mass region obtained from a conventional
phenomenological single-particle model constructed elaborately for spherical nuclei [1].
Figure 1 shows the whole nuclear chart, and the macroscopic proton and neutron drip lines and the fissility
line, which roughly gives information on a region of possible existence of nuclei, are presented. Nuclei
enclosed in boxes indicate predicted double magic nuclei (See also Figs. 2 and 3). Figures 2 and 3 show
single-neutron and proton levels of unknown superheavy and extremely superheavy nuclei obtained from a
modified Woods–Saxon potential, which are smooth functions of the number of nucleons [2]. This
extrapolation gives that neutron shell closure remains for N = 308, and a proton shell has a gap at Z = 164,
which is weaker than that of a neutron shell. Totally seven unknown doubly magic spherical nuclei beyond
208

Pb are found: 256U164, 298Fl184 (Z=114), 310[126]184, 342Fl228, 366[138]228, 462[154]308, and 472[164]308. Of

these, the 298Fl184 and 472[164]308 are beta-stable nuclei. The nucleus 472[164]308 seems to be the heaviest
nuclei in the possibly ‘rather’ long-lived nuclei obtained from the analysis of location of neutron and proton
drip lines and the fissility line.

Fig. 1 Nuclear chart for calculated nuclei. Drip lines, the beta-stability line, and fissility line
(Z2/A=49.76) are obtained from the Weizsäcker–Bethe mass formula [1]. Identified nuclides are alsoplotted.
1
2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Tokyo Institute of Technology- 41 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

References[1] H. Koura and S. Chiba, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82 (2013) 014201.
[2] H. Koura and M. Yamada, Nucl. Phys., A 671 (2000) pp.96-118.

Fig. 2 Calculated neutron single-particle levels for doubly magic nuclei. Experimental levels for 208Pb
are also plotted. Numbers enclosed in boxes indicate closed shells at the Fermi surface. The nucleus
354[126]228 is not a doubly magic nucleus but a single magic nucleus.

Fig. 3 Calculated proton single-particle levels for doubly magic nuclei.

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

CHAPTER 6
Atomic Physics and Solid State Physics

6.1

Charge state distribution of tungsten ions after penetration of C-foil targets

6.2

Zero degree electron spectroscopy of 16 MeV C2+ ions

6.3

Development for measurement of diffusion coefficientsin Li ion battery material using 8Li radioactive tracer- 43 -

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

6.1

Charge state distribution of tungsten ions after penetration of C-foil targets
M. Imai 1, M. Sataka2, K. Kawatsura3, K. Takahiro4,
K. Komaki5, K. Nishio2, H. Shibata1 and S. Okayasu2

When (even single) fast heavy-ion in MeV/u energy range irradiates a solid target, a uniquecharacteristic-effect, which cannot be brought about by any other means like photon or electron impacts,
takes place by accumulation of several consecutive elastic and inelastic collision processes between
projectile ion and target atoms. It is known for fast heavy-ion irradiation that the electronic stopping power,
caused by the inelastic processes, is larger than the atomic (elastic) stopping power by more than threeorders of magnitude. As a total range for fast heavy ions is longer than 10 μm, such electronic excitation
effects span from the solid surface into inside the material and those features play effective roles in material
modification. Furthermore, each inelastic collision process is strongly affected by energy, charge state,electronic state and so on of the projectile ions, and our previous measurements [1] using sulfur and carbon
projectile ions have made it clear that collision frequency, i.e., collision cross sections exert an effect on
charge and electronic state evolution. Fast tungsten ions are often used for material modification. As they
still wear quite number of electrons during solid penetration, charge and electronic state evolution of the
projectile and secondary ion production and its transport are important aspects to understand the basics ofthe material modification. The present measurement is a part of our joint research project of “Basic
processes of fast heavy-ion irradiation into solid and material property modification” and is devoted to thestudy of the equilibrium charge state distribution of 1.0 MeV W30+ projectile ions after C-foil penetration.
As has been presented in the previous annual reports [2, 3], we have measured the exit charge state
distributions for penetrations of S6+ − S16+ ions through C-foil targets of 0.9 − 200 µg/cm2 in thickness andperformed calculations by an ETACHA code [4] to succeed in reproducing the experimental results,
although ETACHA has been designed for higher energy region (>10 MeV/u) [1]. In this report, results ofour brand new measurements for tungsten projectiles are presented.
The experiments were performed at the LIR1–3 beam line of the 20UR Tandem Accelerator Facility. A
beam of 1.0 MeV/u (184 MeV) 184W13+ ion was provided from the Tandem Accelerator within an energy
accuracy of 0.1%, which was sufficient to separate the W isotopes, and post-stripper C-foil of ~20 µg/cm2
was used to produce higher charge states of 30+. The W30+ ion beam was directed into a self-support carbon
foil targets of 9.9 µg/cm2 in thickness, which was sufficient for establishing charge state equilibrium. The
charge states after foil penetration were measured using the heavy ion magnetic spectrometer ENMA and aposition-sensitive gas chamber detector. The vacuum condition inside the collision chamber and thespectrometer were maintained below 10−4 and 10−6 Pa, respectively, to practically eliminate background1

Kyoto University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
3
Kansai Gaidai University
4
Kyoto Institute of Technology
5
RIKEN
2

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

charge-exchange collisions with residual gas, which was confirmed by measurements with no foil targets.
Measured equilibrium charge state distribution for 1.0 MeV/u W30+ ion incidence after penetration throughC-foil target is plotted in Fig. 1. The measured most-probable charge state and the distribution center were31+ and 31.3, respectively, whereas the only available data from literature [5] predict smaller values.

W 30+ incident through C-foil
1E+0

Fraction

1E-1

1E-2

1E-3

1E-4

1E-5
20

25

30

35

40

45

Charge State
Fig. 1Equilibrium charge state distribution for 1.0 MeV/u W30+ ion incidence after penetration
through 9.9 µg/cm2 C-foil targets.

References[1] M. Imai et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B230 (2005) pp.63-67; ibid. B256 (2007) pp.11-15;
ibid. B267 (2009) pp.2675-2679.
[2] M. Imai et al., JAEA-Review 2007-046 (2008) pp.87-88; 2008-054 (2008) pp.89-90; 2009-036 (2009)
pp.91-92; 2010-056 (2010) pp.89-90; 2011-040 (2011) pp.67-68; 2013-002 (2013) pp.49-50.
[3] M. Imai, JAEA-Review 2009-006 (2009) pp.168-180.
[4] J. P. Rozet et al., J. Phys., B22 (1989) pp.33-48; Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B107 (1996)
pp.67-70.
[5] K. Shima et al., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 51 (1992) pp.173-241.

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

6.2 Zero degree electron spectroscopy of 16 MeV C2+ ionsS. Tomita 1, S. Funada1, Y. Shiina1, K. Sasa1, M. Sataka2, M. Matsuda2, M. Imai3 and K. Kawatsura4

The yields of secondary electron Ye induced by swift ions are well known to be almost proportional to theelectronic stopping power Se of incident charged particles, Ye =ΛSe, where Λ is called material parameter. The

relation holds in a wide range of materials over four order of incident energy, not only for protons but also forheavy atomic ions[1], except for some special cases. Strong suppression of secondary electron yield formolecular ion beam is one of the examples of the special case. The suppression effect of secondary electron
per number of incident atom for 0.5 MeV/atom C4+ is almost 50% of that of atomic ion with same velocity[2].
Since the electronic stopping power of C4+ is almost same as that of four atomic ions[3], the secondary
electron suppression mechanism should be attributed either to the transport of scattered electrons insidematerial or to the transmission of scattered electrons through the material surface.
Recently, we have reported that the convoy electron yield per incident atom is almost linear to the number of
constituent atoms of molecular ion. These electrons can be considered to be mainly generated by the captureof scattered electron to the continuum state of the projectile on the emergence from target surface. Therefore,
the result implies that the amount of scattered electrons inside the target material with same velocity as
projectile atom should be almost linear to number of constituent atoms of molecular ion. To shed a light onthese phenomena related to the transport of scattered electron inside target material, we have performed zero
degree electron spectroscopy with swift molecular ions.
The experiments were performed with ion beams provided by the tandem accelerator of the Japan Atomic
Energy Agency, Tokai. C2+ ions were produced by ECR ion source from benzene gas. The ion source was
located on the high voltage terminal of the tandem accelerator. The ions were extracted by potential differenceof 10 kV and injected to the normal acceleration beam line by a 90° magnet. The mass selected ions using a
180° magnet on the high voltage terminal, the ions were injected to the acceleration tubes. The accelerated
ions were mass selected again by 90° bending magnet and transported to the experimental chamber.
The experimental apparatus used for the present experiment is described elsewhere in detail[4]. The ions were
injected on the target of thin carbon foil purchased from Arizona Carbon Foil Co. Inc. The nominal thickness
was 3µg/cm2. On the downstream of the target, 45° tandem parallel-plate spectrometer was placed at zero

degrees with respect to the direction of projectile ion beam. The energy resolution of the spectrometer is 3.2%
without the deceleration of the electrons before entrance of second analyzer.
The obtained energy spectrum for 16 MeV C2+is shown in Fig.1. The prominent peak at 366 eV corresponds

to the convoy electrons which have same velocity as projectile ions. The other peak at 1.2 keV is the KLL
Auger electrons from projectile ions. The energy corresponds to that of C3+ ion which was reported to be 230

eV in projectile frame[5]. In addition to the two peaks, there are also two peaks of Coster-Kronig transition,
1

University of Tsukuba
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
3
Kyoto University
4
Kansai Gaidai University2- 47 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

which can be found as a shoulder on the both energy sides of the convoy peak. It is not possible to determine
the exact transition channel of the peak, due to poor energy resolution. But the position of peaks agrees
roughly with the value reported by Yamazaki et al.[6] for C3++He collisions.
The electron yields of convoy electron, Coster-Kronig transition, and binary electron for C2+ are comparedwith that for C+ ion with same velocity and tabulated in Table1. Here we use the yield of KLL Auger electrons
for the normalization, because the strong cluster effect is not expected for the inner shell electron excitation
process. The cluster effect for the convoy electron yield is 4.3 which does not agree with the linearity reported
for 0.5 MeV/atom Cn+ ions. We think that this value stems from both cluster effect and electron loss fromprojectile ion, because of rather thin carbon foil thickness. The yield of Coster-Kronig transition also showscluster effect, which could stem also from thin target thickness. Because the equilibrium charge state of 8
MeV carbon atom is 4.6[7], which is too high to observe Coster-Kronig transition.

Intensity (arb. unit)

200

20
0.0

0.5

1.0

Elab (keV)

1.5

2.0

Fig. 1 Energy spectrum of zero degree electrons induced by theirradiation of 16 MeV C2+ ions through 3 µg/cm2 carbon foil.

Table 1. Relative electron yield from 3µg/cm2 carbon foil. The yields are normalized with thatof projectile KLL Auger electrons.

Y ( C2 + ) Y ( C+ )Convoy electron

Coster-Kronig

Binary electron

4.3

2.3

0.8

References[1] H. Rothard et. al., Phys. Rev., A 41 (1990) p.2521.
[2] S. Tomita et. al., Phys. Rev., A 82 (2010) 044901.
[3] S. Tomita et. al., Phys. Rev., A 73 (2006) 060901.
[4] K. Kawatsura et. al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 53 (1991) p.421.
[5] R. Bruch et. al., Phys. Rev., A 31 (1985) p.310.
[6] Y. Yamazaki et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 57 (1986) p.992.
[7] K. Shima et. al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 200 (1982) p.605.

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

6.3

Development for measurement of diffusion coefficients in Li ion battery materialusing 8Li radioactive tracer

H. Ishiyama 1, S. C. Jeong1, Y. X. Watanabe1, Y. Hirayama1, N. Imai1, H. Miyatake1, A. Osa2, Y. Otokawa2,
M. Sataka2, M. Matsuda2, H. Makii2, T. K. Sato2 and A. Nakao3

The diffusion of lithium in materials used in secondary Li-ion batteries, which are under development for
the realization of improvement in their battery lifetimes and charge capacities, is a key factor that
determines the rate at which a battery can be charged and discharged. We have developed an in-situ lithium
diffusion tracing method using a short-lived radioactive ion beam of 8Li and successfully applied it tomeasure diffusion coefficients in Li ionic conductor (e.g. [1]). This method is sensitive to the diffusion overthe micrometer scale and the lower limit of the diffusion coefficients (D) obtained by this method is on theorder of 10-10 cm2/s [2]. On the other hand, the diffusion coefficient of Li in LiCoO2, which is used as
positive electrode material in most Li secondary batteries, has thus far been measured using several
electrochemical approaches indirectly. However,the diffusion coefficients obtained by these approaches-8

are scatter over values from (5 -7) ×10 to 5×10-14 cm2/s [3, 4]. It is desirable to directly measure thediffusion coefficients using the improved method which has the nanoscale sensitivity for the lithium
diffusion. We have proposed a new method by detecting α particles emitted from decayed 8Li at a small
angle relative to a sample surface that is irradiated with a low-energy (the order of keV) 8Li beam, by which
the detection limit can be improved to a low value of 1×10-12 cm2/s.
The detailed concept of our proposed method for nanoscale diffusion measurements is given in ref [5].
Here, we introduce the concept of the method briefly. Figure 1 shows the schematic layout of our proposed
method. The 8Li decays through β- emission to 8Be with a half-life of 0.84 s, which immediately decays into
two α particles. The implantation energy of 8Li is set toseveral keV, and consequently, the implantation depth
can be set to several tens of nm from a sample surface.
The implantation depth profile after several seconds willshow a significant amount of broadening as comparedwith the as-implanted depth profile even for nanoscalelevels of diffusion. Further, a solid state Si detector(SSD) for the detection of α particles emitted fromdecayed 8Li is set at a small angle (θ in Fig. 1) relative toa sample surface. The path length of the detected α
particles in the sample increases by a factor of d/sin θwith respect to the depth (d) from the sample surface,
thereby leading to a larger change in the measured
1

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
3
RIKEN
2

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Fig. 1 Schematic layout for the nanoscalediffusion measurement.

JAEA-Review 2013-057

energy spectrum for the α particles than that measured along the implantation direction. The low-side edgeof energy spectrum for the α particles emitted at the small angle to the sample surface shows a gradual shift
to lower energies with an increase in time due to the 8Li diffusion into the bulk side of the sample. Here, we
introduce an energy gate in the lower-energy region of the spectrum. The integrated yields of α particles
over a certain gate will increase with time, and this increase corresponds to the effect of Li diffusion.
In order to validate our new method, we have started an

2experimental program at the tandem facility of JAEA. A

20℃
60℃
100℃

low-energy 8Li beam has been provided by an isotope
separator on-line (ISOL) at the tandem facility. As the(LVSO) foil. The diffusion coefficient of an LVSO bulk

1.5

Ratio

sample, we selected a 400-nm-thick Li2O-V2O5-SiO2

140℃
240℃

sample could not be measured below 300℃ by the previous
method [2]. Therefore, we selected this sample to verify

1whether or not to obtain the improved detection limit for
diffusion coefficients by this proposed method at the sample
temperatures below 300℃. An SSD was set at θ = 10°to
the sample surface with the solid angle of 2×10-4. Figure 2

0.5

0

1

2

3

4

5

Preliminary
Time (s)6shows time-dependent yields of energy-gated α particles at

Fig. 2 Time-dependent yields ofthe temperatures of the LVSO sample ranging from roomenergy-gated α particles at the temperaturestemperature to 240℃. In order to remove the trivial timeof the LVSO sample ranging from room

dependence of the half-life time of

8

Li, the yields,

temperature to 240℃.

represented by ‘Ratio’ as a function of time, were normalized by those obtained measured by another SSD
at θ = 40°without the energy gate, at which the energy-spectrum for the α particles should be little
sensitive to the Li diffusion. As can be seen in Fig. 2, the normalized yields of α particles were observed toshow significant changes at the sample temperatures above 60℃. However, after those measurements, thegeneration of an acicular crystal on the sample surface was observed. It was not clear when it generated.
Since the surface roughness of the sample could not be evaluated due to the acicular crystal, it is difficult todetermine the precise diffusion coefficients for the sample. In order to verify whether or not to obtain the
improved detection limit of the diffusion coefficients by this method, further investigations are required.
We will continue experimentally validating our new method.

References[1] S. C. Jeong, et al., Solid State Ionics 180 (2009) pp.626-630.
[2] S.C. Jeong, et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 1120 (2009) pp.197-200.
[3] H. Sato, et al., J. Power Sources 68 (1997) p.540.
[4] H. Xia, et al., J. Power Sources 159 (2006) p.1422.
[5] H. Ishiyama, at al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 52 (2013) 010205.

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

CHAPTER 7
Radiation Effects in Materials

7.1

Electronic stopping power dependence of ion-track size in UO2 irradiated with ions

7.2

Atomic structure of ion tracks in CeO2 irradiated with 200 MeV Xe ions

7.3

Study on effects of high-energy heavy ion irradiation
on crystal structure in CeO2 thin films

7.4

Direct observation of ion tracks in amorphous silicon nitride films by TEM

7.5

Threshold fluence of surface amorphization in single crystalline Al2O3
induced by swift heavy ions

7.6

Cluster formation in Zeolite using high energy heavy ion irradiation

7.7

Ion irradiation effects on Mn-doped ZnO films

7.8

Shape and property control of nanoparticles by swift heavy ion irradiation

7.9

Enhancement of critical current density by hybrid effect of flux pinningin heavy-ion irradiated high-Tc superconducting thin films

7.10 Application of high-aspect-ratio nanoholes formedby etching of latent tracks for sensors
7.11 Evaluation of radiation tolerance of microprocessor by heavy ion irradiation- 51 -

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

7.1

Electronic stopping power dependence of ion-track size in UO2 irradiated with ions
N. Ishikawa 1, T. Sonoda 2, T. Sawabe2 and M. Sataka1

Uranium dioxide (UO2) fuels in light water reactors are subjected to various high-energy particles. Not only
neutrons but also high-energy fission fragments play an important role in radiation damage process. Sincefission fragments have high kinetic energy of about 70~100-MeV, they create radiation damages in UO2oxide fuels. Since the radiation damage due to such high-energy heavy particles is dominantly created via
high-density electronic energy deposition, the damage creation process is complicated. In order tounderstand the process, it is useful to utilize high-energy ion accelerator by which the energy deposition
density and ion-fluence can be varied in precisely controlled manner.
One of the intriguing characteristics of the radiation damages due to high-energy ion irradiation in UO2 isthe formation of continuous ion tracks along the ion-paths. If the electronic stopping power (Se) is
sufficiently high, the ion-track in nanometer size is created [1-2]. It should be noted here that the ion-tracks
created for ion-irradiated UO2 are not amorphized [1], and it is expected that the Se-dependence of theion-track size for amorphized ion-tracks as in ion-irradiated Y3Fe5O12 [3] and that for non-amorphized ones
as in ion-irradiated UO2 may be different. Therefore, ion-tracks created in UO2 as one of non-amorphizable
materials should be examined in detail.
The disc of UO2 (diameter: 3 mm, thickness: 0.2–0.4 mm) were prepared from UO2 powder which was firstpressed with 2 t/cm2 pressure to form pellet shape, and were subsequently sintered at 1740° C for 3 hours in
the mixed gas of 40% H2+N2. The disc was prepared by Nippon Nuclear Fuel Development Co. Ltd.
After sintering of the disc sample, the surfaces of samples were polished to mirror finish. The density of thesamples was confirmed to be around 97% of the theoretical density. TEM samples of this sintered UO2 forion irradiations were picked up and thinned by focused ion beam (FIB) method using Hitachi FB-2000A at
CRIEPI.
The thin specimens were then irradiated with 100 MeV Xe25+, 150 MeV Xe27+, 210 MeV Xe29+, 150 MeV
Au27+, and. 310 MeV Au27+. The data for 100 MeV Zr10+ and 210 MeV Xe14+ obtained by our group [2]are added in the course of the present analysis. The ions were accelerated by the tandem accelerator at
JAEA-Tokai. The observation of ion-tracks were performed by 300 kV field emission transmission electron
microscope (FE-TEM); Hitachi HF-3000 at CRIEPI.
The electronic stopping power and the projected range were estimated using SRIM-2008. The values of
Se for ion irradiations appeared in previous literatures were recalculated using SRIM-2008 for consistencyof the analysis.

The estimated Se values for ions used in the present study are plotted as a function of thespecific energy in Fig.1. The ions can be classified into three groups as indicated by three arrows in the
figure; (1) E=0.7~0.8 MeV/u (2) E=1.1 MeV/u (3)E=1.5~1.6 MeV/u.
12Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI)- 53 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

The Se-dependence of ion-track size is plotted in Fig.2. The present data (including the data obtained byour previous study[2]) are consistent with the data for 173 MeV Xe irradiation reported in Ref.[1]. This
indicates the data for 173 MeV irradiation is reliable, although the specimen in Ref.[1] was annealed at
900ºC after the irradiation. It is clear from the figure that the ion-track size increases monotonically as afunction of Se. In order to take the effect of ion-velocity (the velocity effect)[3] into consideration, it isbetter to compare ion-track data for different Se while fixing the ion-velocity (or the specific energy). The
ions are categorized into three groups so that each group includes ions with same velocity. Whichever thevelocity is chosen, we again find the ion-track size monotonically increases as increasing Se. It seems thatspecific energy (or ion-velocity) hardly influences the ion-track size for ion-irradiated UO2, or the influenceis very small, if any, in this energy range (E=0.7-1.6 MeV/u.).
Part of the present work was supported by KAKENHI (21360474).
References[1] Hj. Matzke, P.G. Lucuta and T. Wiss, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B166-167 (2000) p.920.
[2] T. Sonoda et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 268, (2010) p.3277.
[3] A. Meftah et al., Phys. Rev. B 48 (1993) p.920.

10●Present work
○T.Wiss et al.

Diameter (nm)S e (keV/nm)

100(1)(2)(3)
50

U
Au
Xe
Zr

0

10

0

10

1

◎ E=1.5−1.6 MeV/u● E=1.1 MeV/u○ E=0.7−0.8 MeV/u
500

Energy (MeV/u)
Fig. 1 Electronic stopping power, Se, as a functionof the specific energy in ion-irradiated UO2. Closed
symbols represent Se for the ions used in the present
study and our previous study[2]. Open circles
represent Se for the ions used in the study of Ref.[1].
Three groups of the specific energies are indicated.
(See text.)- 54 -

20

40

Se (keV/nm)

60

Fig.2 Se-dependence of the diameter of ion-tracks
in ion-irradiated UO2. The values of specificenergy of the ions are indicated in the figure. Partof the data (100 MeV Zr10+ and 210 MeV Xe14+)for UO2 are quoted from our previous paper [2].

JAEA-Review 2013-057

7.2

Atomic structure of ion tracks in CeO2 irradiated with 200 MeV Xe ions
S. Takaki 1, T. Yamamoto1, M. Kutsuwada1, K. Yasuda1, S. Matsumura1, N. Ishikawa 2,
M. Matsuda2 and M. Sataka2

Radiation damage induced by fission products (FPs) is one of the crucial issues for nuclear fuel andtransmutation target materials. High-density electronic excitation induced by FPs is known to form
continuous ion tracks. This report aims to clarify the structure of ion tracks in CeO2 irradiated with 200
MeV Xe ions in an atomic scale. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission
electron microscopy (STEM) techniques, including high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) and annularbright-field (ABF) imaging are applied to CeO2 specimens irradiated with 200 MeV Xe ions.
Sintered CeO2 polycrystalline specimens were irradiated with 200 MeV Xe ions at an ambient temperature.
The electronic (Se) and nuclear (Sn) stopping power of 200 MeV Xe ions was calculated by SRIM code to
be 27 keV/nm and 1.1 keV/nm, respectively, at surface region. The irradiated specimens were prepared tobe thin-foils by using Ar-ion milling for plan-view observations. Microstructure observations were
performed with bright-field (BF) and weak-beam dark-field (WBDF) TEM imaging at 200 kV. A part ofspecimens was subjected to observations with STEM to obtain Z-contrast images with an atomic resolution
by using a TEM equipped with a spherical aberration corrector. HAADF- and ABF-STEM images were
utilized for the atomic resolution observations.
Figure 1 (a) shows a high resolution HAADF-STEM image of CeO2 taken from a [001] direction, which
includes an ion track induced by irradiation with 200 MeV Xe ions at the central region of the micrographwith an end-on condition. It is clearly seen that the lattice image of Ce-column with a distance of 0.27 nm,
which corresponds to the distance of Ce-ion column to <001> directions as shown in the insertion of Fig. 1(a), is retained at the core damage region of the ion track. O-ion column surrounded by four Ce ions are notvisible because of the large difference in the values of Z between Ce and O ions. The contrast of Ce-ion
column is, however, decreased significantly at the core damage region. This is clearly shown in the signal
intensity profiles across the ion track to <020> and <200> directions as shown in Figure 1 (b) and (c),respectively, in which the signal intensity at the core damage region of the ion track is depressed for both
directions. It is also noted that the background signal intensity increases at the core damage region of ion
track, especially for the peripheral region of the ion track. The size of the distorted region, which is definedas the distance between the peaks of back ground intensity, is about 4 nm. A distance where the signal
intensity of ion track decreases is evaluated to be 2-3 nm, which fairly agrees with the size ofstructure-factor contrast observed in WBDF-TEM image and Fresnel contrast in BF image [1,2].
A high resolution ABF-STEM of CeO2 has detected directly the atomic column of O ions. Figure 2(a)shows an ABF-STEM image of the identical region of Fig. 1(a), which includes an ion track at an end-on
1
2

Kyushu University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 55 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

condition. The lattice image at the peripheral region of the ion track is magnified in Fig. 2(b) with asuperimposed lattice model of CeO2 from a [001] direction, in which O-ion columns are apparently evident
as black dot-contrast at the tetrahedral site of fcc sublattice of Ce ions. On the other hand, it is seen in Fig.
2(c) that the lattice image of O-ion columns at the core region of the ion track is blurred and/or disappeared.
It has been reported that the image of O-ion column strongly depends on specimen thickness. However
O-ion columns are visible at the peripheral regions of the ion track for both <200> and <020> directions,although the specimen used in the present study is a wedge shaped one. The blurry and disappearance ofO-ion column at the core damage region of the ion track is, therefore, caused by high-density electronic
excitation damage with 200 MeV Xe ions. These results clearly show that the oxygen sublattice at the coredamage region of ion tracks is significantly disordered, and consistent with results obtained by synchrotron
radiation study [3].

Fig. 1 High resolution HAADF-STEM image of CeO2 taken from a [001] direction, including an ion track(located at the center of the micrograph) formed under 200 MeV Xe ions irradiation (a). Signal intensity
profiles including an ion track are shown in (b) and (c), respectively, for band regions from X20 to X30 (b),and from Y20 to Y30 (c) in Fig. 1 (a).
Fig. 2 High resolution ABF-STEM image in CeO2
for an identical region to Figure 1 (a), taken from a[001] direction (a). Magnified images of theperipheral region (b) and the core damage regionof the ion track (c) are also presented. The
corresponding
atomicconfigurationissuperimposed in magnified image of (b).

References[1] K.Yasuda et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B314 (2013) p.185.
[2] S.Takaki et al., submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B (2014), DOI information:
10.1016/j.nimb.2013.10.077.
[3] H. Ohno et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B266 (2008) p.3013.

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

7.3

Study on effects of high-energy heavy ion irradiation
on crystal structure in CeO2 thin films

T. Kishino 1, K. Shimizu1, Y. Saitoh 2, N. Ishikawa2, F. Hori1 and A. Iwase1

In our previous study, pure CeO2 bulk pellets were irradiated with 200MeV Xe ions and the effects of theirradiation on the lattice structure were measured. The lattice parameter increased with increasing the ion
fluence. It is quite interesting if the high density electronic excitation contributes to the production ofoxygen vacancies. However, as the projected range of the incident ions is much smaller than the thicknessof CeO2 bulk pellets, effects of ion irradiation are not constant in the specimen, but strongly depend on thedepth from the surface. It is, therefore, very difficult to discuss irradiation effects quantitatively. In thisstudy, we prepared CeO2 thin films. They are much thinner than the projected range of incident ions, andwe can obtain nearly uniform irradiation effects in the specimens. In this report, the effect of high energy
ion irradiation on the lattice parameter is discussed in terms of the energies deposited through the electronic
excitation and the elastic collisions.
Specimens were deposited on Al2O3 substrate by the RF magnetron sputtering method for 1.5h. The
thickness of the film was 23nm. The lattice structure of the as-deposited CeO2 thin films specimens wasestimated by means of X-ray diffraction. Their lattice parameter before the irradiation was 5.402A, which
was slightly smaller than for the bulk pellet (5.411A). Then the CeO2 thin films were irradiated at room
temperature with 10MeV I ions and 200MeV Xe ions. The change in lattice structure of CeO2 thin film by
irradiations was characterized by using a conventional Cu-Kα X-ray diffractometer. The electronic stopping
power, nuclear stopping power, and the projected range were estimated by using SRIM-2003. The projected
ranges for the two ions are much larger than the film thickness. Therefore, defects are uniformly introduced
along the specimen thickness and the possibility of ion implantation effects can be excluded.
Figure 1 shows the fluence dependence of the lattice parameter of the CeO2 films for 10MeV I and
200MeV Xe irradiations. With increasing the ion fluence, a monotonic decrease in lattice parameter isobserved, and the effect of 200MeV Xe ions is larger than that of 10MeV I ions when compared at the sameion fluences. In our previous study, however, the average lattice parameter of CeO2 bulk was increased by
200MeV Xe irradiation[1][2]. In CeO2 bulk, the lattice expansion has been explained as originating fromthe irradiation-induced oxygen deficiencies. When oxygen vacancies were introduced by the irradiation, Ce
atoms would be repulsed each other, leading to the lattice expansion.
Finally, the dependence of the lattice parameter of CeO2 thin films on the deposited energy throughelectronic excitation is quantitatively discussed. In this discussion, we use the Poisson’s law. The Poisson’s
law is given as;
1
2

Department of Materials Science, Osaka Prefecture University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency- 57 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

𝐿(𝜑) = (𝐿1 − 𝐿0 ){1 − 𝑒𝑥𝑝(−𝑎𝑆𝑒𝜑)} + 𝐿0 ,(1)

where L0 is the lattice parameter of CeO2 before the irradiation, L1 the saturated lattice parameter, Se thevalue of electronic stopping power for irradiating ions, and φ is the ion fluence. In eq.(1), aSe is the crosssection of the ion track and a is the proportionality coefficient. The fitting result is shown in Fig.2. From thevalues of a and Se, the diameter of region can be calculated as 2nm for 10-MeV I ion irradiation and 6nm
for 200-MeV Xe ion irradiation. In this report, we show that the lattice parameter of CeO2 thin films

decreases by the energetic ion irradiation. This lattice shrinkage has not been observed in bulk CeO2
specimens. The reason for the irradiation induced lattice shrinkage still remains uncertain. To clarify thisphenomenon, we need to study the specimen thickness dependence of the irradiation effect in more detail.
Fig.2

Fig.1
5.405

5.405

(3a)

3+

10MeV I
200MeV Xe
calculation

10MeV I

200MeV Xe

5.4

lattice parameter[Å]Lattice Parameter [Å]

14+

5.395

5.39

5.385

0

16

16

16

16

16

5.395

5.39

5.385

16

1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10

0

1 1016 2 1016 3 1016 4 1016 5 1016 6 1016

deposited energy throughelectronic excitation

2

Ion Fluence [ions/cm ]Fig.1 Changes in lattice parameter of CeO2 thin
3+

films by the irradiation with 10-MeV I
200-MeV Xe14+.

5.4

and

Fig.2 Dependence of lattice parameter on
deposited energy density through electronic
excitation. Symbols(+) indicate the result
calculated by the Poisson’s law.

References[1] K.Shimizu et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B286 (2012) pp.291-294.
[2] Y.Tahara et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B269 (2011) p.886.

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7.4

Direct observation of ion tracks in amorphoussilicon nitride films by TEM

Y. Morita 1, K. Nakajima1, M. Tsujimoto1, S. Isoda1, M. Mastuda2,
M. Sataka2, K. Narumi2, Y. Saitoh2 and K. Kimura1

When an energetic ion passes through a material, an ion track may be produced along the ion path if theelectronic stopping power Se is larger than a material dependent threshold value. In case of crystalline
materials, the ion tracks can be easily observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The track
interior is amorphized or comprised of defect clusters depending on the material. In case of amorphousmaterials, direct TEM observation of ion tracks is generally difficult due to a lack of sufficient contrast.
There were a small number of TEM studies on the ion tracks produced in amorphous materials of special
kind, namely metallic glasses. Recently, we have demonstrated that ion tracks in amorphous silicon nitride(a-SiN) thin films produced by sub-MeV C60 ion impact can be clearly observed using TEM and high-angle
annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) [1]. The diameter of theobserved tracks is ~ 4 nm, which is larger than the diameter expected from the electronic stopping power.
Because the nuclear stopping power is comparable to or even larger than the electronic stopping power for
sub MeV C60 ions, the result suggests that the nuclear stopping power also plays an important role in the
track formation. In this study, the ion tracks produced by 200 MeV Au32+ and Kr14+ ions were observed tosee the effect of the nuclear stopping power on the track formation.
Self-supporting a-SiN films of 30 nm thickness were irradiated with 200 MeV Au32+ and Kr14+ ions tofluences ~ 1 × 1011 ions/cm2. After the ion irradiation, TEM and HAADF-STEM observations were
performed using a JEOL JEM-2200FS equipped with a field emission gun operating at 200 kV. The
samples were held at the specimen tilting holder with the tilt angle from -30 to 30 degrees. The images
were taken by GATAN Ultrascan 1000 CCD camera with a 2k × 2k pixel. In HAADF-STEM mode, anarrow electron beam converged to 0.5 nm diameter and an annular dark detector covering over 120 mradwere used.
Figure 1 shows an example of the observed HAADF-STEM image of the a-SiN film iraadiated with 200
MeV Au32+ ions. There are circular dark structures of almost uniform diameter of ~ 3 nm. The number ofthe structures agrees with the fluence of 200 MeV Au32+ ions, indicating that single 200 MeV Au32+ impacts
produce the individual circular structures. The dark contrast of the observed ion tracks indicates that thedensity of the track interior is reduced compared to the virgin area. The a-SiN films irradiated with 200
MeV Kr14+ ions were also observed by TEM and HAADF-STEM. However, no image like Fig. 1 wasobserved by both TEM and HAADF-STEM. The intensity profiles of the observed HAADF-STEM imagesof the ion tracks were derived as shown in the inset of Fig. 1. More than 100 profiles were measured and1
2

Kyoto University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 59 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

the averaged radial density profile is shown by a solid line in Fig. 2. The density reduced by 20% at the
track center and the density reduced region extends to ~ 1.5 nm from the center. This density reduced
region is surrounded by a slightly density enhanced shell region, of which the width is ~ 2 nm. Such a
core-shell structure was also observed for the ion tracks in amorphous SiO2 irradiated with swift heavy ionsusing small angle X-ray scattering [2]. For comparison the radial density profile of the ion tracks in a-SiN
film (20 nm) irradiated with 540 keV C602+ ions is shown by a dashed line in Fig. 2. The density profile ofthe ion tracks produced by 540 keV C602+ ions is similar to that produced by 200 MeV Au32+ ions, but theradius is about 1.5 times larger. The observed track radii and the stopping powers estimated by SRIM code
are summarized in Table 1. Although the electronic stopping power of 540 keV C602+ is smallest among
these three ions, the track radius is largest, indicating that the track formation is not soley responsible forthe electronic stopping power. The total stopping power of 200 MeV Au32+ is larger than that of 540 keV
C602+ while the track radius is smaller. These facts indicate that the nuclear stopping power is more efficient

NORMALIZED DENSITY

for the track formation in comparison with the electronic stopping power.

1

0.8

0.6

200 MeV Au32+
a-SiN
540 keV C2+
a-SiN
60
0

2

DISTANCE (nm)

4

10 nm
Fig. 2 Radial density profiles of the ion
tracks produced by 200 MeV Au32+ ions and540 keV C602+ ions in a-SiN films.

Fig. 1 HAADF-STEM image of a-SiN film
irradiated with 200 MeV Au32+ ions.
Table 1. Track radii and stopping powers.
.
Radius of ion(dE/dx)eion
track (nm)(keV/nm)
200 MeV Au32+
1.5
24.1

(dE/dx)n(keV/nm)0.2(dE/dx)total(keV/nm)
24.3

200 MeV Kr14+

--

13.1

0.02

13.1

2+

2.3

7.3

9.9

17.2

540 keV C60
References[1] K. Nakajima et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B291 (2012) pp.12-16.
[2] P. Kluth et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 175503.

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7.5

Threshold fluence of surface amorphization in single crystalline Al2O3
induced by swift heavy ionsN. Okubo 1 and N. Ishikawa1

Microstructure in single crystalline Al2O3 developed during irradiation by swift heavy ions has been
investigated. A high energy (swift) heavy ion loses its energy in a medium through two processes,
electronic loss and nuclear collisions. The latter process is known to be the dominant mode of energy loss
at low ion energies around1 keV/u, and is responsible for direct displacing atoms of the medium from theirlattice positions. The electronic energy loss is appreciable at higher energy around 1 MeV/u. In thisprocess, the target atoms are not directly displaced but only excited or ionized. However, it can lead todisplacement of lattice atoms in a cylindrical core (ion track) along the ion path in insulating materials.
Recently, amorphization in ceramics such as the aluminum oxide, which affects the physical andmechanical properties, is attracted as a phenomenon induced by swift heavy ion irradiations withhigh-density electronic energy depositions (Se) [1]. Detailed mechanism of the amorphization induced byswift heavy ion irradiation has not been clearly understood. In this paper, the microstructures of single
crystalline Al2O3 specimen irradiated by swift heavy ions are investigated by transmission electron
microscope (TEM).
Single crystalline Al2O3 specimens were irradiated with several energies of Xe ions at ambient temperature,by using the Tandem Accelerator of JAEA, Tokai. The irradiation energy range was from 80 to 160 MeV.
The fluences were in the range from 1.0 x 1013 to 1.0 x 1015 ions/cm2. The specimens used were 10 x 10mm2 plates with 0.5 mm thicknesses. Both surface and backside of specimen were optical grade. After
irradiations, XRD measurements and cross sectional TEM observations were conducted. The specimens
irradiated by 80 and 160 MeV-Xe were observed by TEM in order to confirm the cross sectional structurein this report.
The TEM observations demonstrated that amorphization was induced in surface region in single crystalline
Al2O3 irradiated by swift heavy ions. An obvious boundary was observed in the cross sectional TEM image
as shown in Fig. 1. The crystal structure of surface region above the boundary was identified as anamorphous phase and the deeper region as a single crystal by electron diffraction patterns. The
amorphization was observed around 800 nm depth through from ion-beam incident surface of the specimen
irradiated at 3.5 x 1014 ions/cm2. The projected range (Rp) of the 160 MeV Xe ions in the Al2O3 was about
10 µm. The microstructure of the 10 µm depth, where the effect of Sn was maximum, was confirmed as asingle crystal. No visible interstitial loops and damage structures were observed around the 10 µm depth.
Distinct ion tracks, induced by passing of high energy particles, were vertically observed in depth of single
crystalline region as shown in Fig. 1. The diameters of these tracks are sized to be 2–4 nm. The TEM
contrast of ion tracks were decayed and disappeared as increasing the specimen depth. These TEM
observation results indicate that amorphization could be caused by accumulating and overlapping of ion
tracks. In the case of single crystal Al2O3, the amorphization depth was shallower than that of the case of1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency(JAEA)- 61 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

polycrystalline Al2O3, which was studied in previous work [2], comparing in almost same Se and fluence.
From TEM observations, amorphization depth was determined and the data of single crystal (black circle
and square) are shown in Fig. 2 with the data of polycrystalline (open triangle) from Ref. [2].
Amorphization occurs over the fluence of 1.0 x 1014 ions/cm2. Also the amorphization is supposed to beenhanced by the increasing of fluence in both case of single and poly crystalline Al2O3. Comparing almost
same fluence, however, the amorphization depth of poly crystal are about twice wider than single crystal as
shown in Fig. 2 by dotted lines. These results imply that degree of amorphization induced by high energy
ion irradiation depends on not only irradiation conditions but also crystal structure. This may be interpretedby the difference of restriction for phase transfer followed by lattice distortion by electronic excitation in
the specimen. In thermal spike model, threshold electronic stopping power Set of amorphization was
estimated to be around 10 keV/nm in Al2O3 [1]. The 10 keV/nm corresponds to about 7500 nm depth in the
160 MeV Xe irradiation case by SRIM calculation. In the case of single crystal, the thickness of amorphouslayer (800 nm) was about 1/10 of the 7500 nm. This implies that amorphization depth should be saturated
around depth of Set at following high enough fluence and the amorphization rate could be variable with thebalance between track formations and the relaxation rate of lattice distortion and/or re-crystallization rate ofamorphous track depending on the crystal structures. It is noted that the amorphous structure is unstable
under TEM observation.

Amorphization depth (nm)8000

Ion tracks

Fig. 1 Boundary between amorphous and crystal
structures Al2O3
Ion tracks were observed in single crystal region
shown as an arrow.

160 MeV Xe
80 MeV Xe
85 MeV I

Single crystal
Single crystal
Poly crystal

4000

0

13

10

14

10

15

10

Fluence (ions/cm2)

Fig. 2 Fluence dependence of single andpoly crystalline Al2O3 specimens on
amorphization depth
Data of poly crystalline are re-plottedfrom ref [2].
References[1] G. Szenes, J. Nucl. Mater., 336 (2005) pp.81-89.
[2] T. Aruga et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B166-167 (2000) pp.913-919.

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10

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7.6

Cluster formation in Zeolite using high energy heavy ion irradiation
S. Okayasu 1 and Y. Sasaki2

High energy heavy ion bombardment on zeolite films containing exchanged silver ions (Ag-zeolites) causes
the structural changes of the films. The crystal structure becomes amorphous along the ion tracks due tohigh energy transfer from the bombarding ions to the sample. We reported that silver compound clusters areformed 10 - 20 nm in diameter and aligned in the amorphous regions after the bombardments. In this report,
we present precise analyses of the phenomena using high resolution Transfer Electron Microscopy (TEM).
We deduce the silver compounds and propose a possible formation mechanism of the products.
Figure 1 shows a cross sectional and a plain view of TEM images for an Ag-zeolite sample after heavy ion
irradiation (200MeV-Au ions, fluence 1×1012 ions/cm2).

Fig.1 Aligned silver clusters formed along 200MeV-Au ion irradiation tracks.
1
2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Japan Fine Ceramics Center (JFCC)- 63 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

Left upper panel is a cross sectional view of a TEM image of Ag-zeolite. Left lower panel is that of a planeview. Right panel illustrates a schematic diagram for the formation of aligned silver clusters by heavy ion
irradiations.
Dark shade regions are silver compounds. From the plain view image, amorphous areas due to the heavy
ion bombardment grow to about 20 nm in diameter, twice for those of silver compounds. The observed
silver compounds can be considered as silver oxides Ag2O if silver ions within the amorphous areas arecondensed to the silver compound clusters. Assuming the compounds as metals, the zeolite films can be
expected to be conductive. However, the film remains in an insulator, and this fact is consistent with theassumption that the compound is Ag2O. There is no direct evidence to identify the compounds at this time,
we can propose a possible formation mechanism of the compounds as shown in Fig. 2, if it can be assumed
that the products are Ag2O.

a)

b)

c)

Fig.2 Ag2O formation mechanism by ion-irradiation.
a) A breakdown of an Al-O bond occurs within an amorphous track due to the irradiation.
b) A hydrolysis reaction between an adsorbed water molecule and an adsorbed Ag+ ion occurs, and a
AgOH molecule is formed.
c) Decompotision of two AgOH molecules occurs, and an Ag2O molecule is formed. The formed
Ag2O molecules are aligned along the track.

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7.7

Ion irradiation effects on Mn-doped ZnO films

N. Matsunami 1, M. Itoh1, S. Okayasu 2, M. Sataka2 and H. Kakiuchida 3

The authors have investigated electronic excitation effects on the electrical resistivity, optical absorption
and atomic structure of In-doped ZnO (IZO) [1] and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) [2]. In this report, studies ofproperty modifications by high-energy ions have been extended to Mn-doped ZnO.
Mn(6%)-doped ZnO films have been prepared by using a RF-magnetron sputter deposition method [1] on
C-plane-cut-Al2O3-substretes (CALO) at 250 ºC for magnetic property studies (CALO was used to reducethe influence of the substrate) and on SiO2-substrates at 500 ºC (MZO/SiO2) for atomic and electronic
structure studies. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) of 1.8 MeV He+ ions with the stopping
power [3] and the density of 4.2x1022 cm-3 shows that the composition of MZO films is close to
stoichiometric and Mn/Zn 6±1 %, and thickness of MZO/CALO and MZO/SiO2 is ~1 and 0.13 μm. It
appears that the composition remains unchanged under 100 MeV Xe ion impact. X-ray diffraction (XRD)
shows that MZO films are polycrystalline with c-axis orientation.
Temperature (T) dependence of magnetic susceptibility (χ) of MZO is shown in Fig. 1 and it is found tofollow the Curie law (i.e., paramagnetic): χ =χo+C/T, C being the Curie constant. Total angular momentum
J in units of ħ is reduced using the relation [ 4]: C =NJ(J+1)g2μB2/3kB. Here, g=2.0, μB the Bohr magneton,kB the Boltzman constant, N the Mn concentration and Mn only is assumed to contribute to paramagnetism.
J vs ion fluence is shown in Fig. 2. It is found that the fluence dependence of J is similar for both 100 MeV
Xe and 90 MeV Ni ions, in contrast to the XRD results described below. J decreases from 2 to 3/2 under
the ion impact and this corresponds to valence modification of Mn3+ into Mn4+. Measurement of Mn
valence modification using other method, e.g., XPS is under way.
For 100 MeV Xe ion impact on MZO/SiO2, it appears that the XRD intensity decreases to a half of thatunirradiated at 25x1012 cm-2 and 1/50 at 5x1014 cm-2 and lattice constant of c-axis decreases by 0.6 % for
the fluence > 1x1013 cm-2. These indicate lattice disordering and amorphization by the ion impact. For 90
MeV Ni ion impact on MZO/SiO2 up to 20x1012 cm-2, effects are smaller than those by 100 MeV Xe ion
impact. It can be understood that these effects are caused by the electronic energy deposition and theelectronic stopping power of 90 MeV Ni is smaller by a factor of 1.5 than that of 100 MeV Xe (see Table1). For 100 MeV Xe ion impact on MZO/C-Al2O3, the fluence dependence of the XRD intensity, andlattice compaction is similar to those of MZO/SiO2, indicating that ion impact modifications of atomic
structure are independent of substrate.
It is found that the bandgap modification of MZO/SiO2 by 100 MeV Xe for the fluence up to 2x1014 cm-2
and 90 MeV Ni ions up to 2x1013 cm-2 is very small (<0.02 eV) in contrast with the case of In-doped ZnO(bandgap increases by 0.25 eV at 100 MeV Xe ions at 1014 cm-2 [1]). Hence, disordering of MZO lattice
does not affect the bandgap modification by the ion impact.

1

Division of Energy Science, EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
3 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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JAEA-Review 2013-057

The electrical resistivity of unirradiated MZO films is ~ 1 MΩcm and much larger (~ 6 order of magnitude)
than that of IZO (0.03 to 10 Ωcm) [1] and AZO (0.1 to 0.5 Ωcm) [2]. It appears for 100 MeV Xe impactthat the resistivity reaches minimum of 40 Ωcm at 3x1012 cm-2. The lowest resistivity is much larger thanthat of IZO (2x10-3 Ωcm) at 1-4x1014 cm-2 and that of AZO (0.1 Ωcm) at 2x1013 cm-2, and achieved atsmaller fluence. The reduction of the resistivity by the ion impact (4 order of magnitude) is similar for thesethree films (MZO, IZO and AZO) and hence, it is reasonably concluded that the resistivity reduction of
MZO by the ion impact is due to ion-induced dopant replacement as in the case of IZO and AZO. The
resistivity before ion impact is too high to measure the Hall effect and temperature dependence. In view ofionic radius, dopant-replacement looks easy, though the ion-induced mechanism has not been establishedyet. Here, ionic radius in 4 coordinates of Zn2+, Mn3+, Mn4+, In3+ and Al3+ is 0.074, 0.066, 0.06, 0.076 and0.053 nm [5]. When Zn2+ is replaced by Mn4+, it is anticipated more O vacancy generation leading to donor
levels. Fraction of replacement of Zn cite by Mn and effect of Mn4+ on donor generation are to beinvestigated.
Table 1 Projected range (Rp), electronic (Se) and nuclear (Sn) stopping powers near surface of ZnO for 100
58
MeV 136Xe and 90 MeV Ni ions in ZnO calculated using TRIM1997 [3].
Rp(μm)
9.4
9.2

Ions
100 MeV Xe
90 MeV Ni

Se(keV/nm)
21.1
14.6

Sn(keV/nm)
0.195
0.031
3

4

5/2
2

2

4/2

unirrad.

J

SUSCEPTIBILITY (emu/cm3)

x10-3

0

3/2
1

2/2
1/2

-2
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0
109

-1

1/T (K )Fig. 1 Magnetic susceptibility of Mn-doped
ZnO on C-Al2O3 vs 1/T, T being temperature(K), for unirradiated (○), 100 MeV Xe at
2x1012 cm-2 (Δ), 1x1013 cm-2 (x).

1010 1011 1012 1013 1014
FLUENCE (ions/cm2)

1015

Fig. 2 Total angular momentum J in unit of ħ(Planck constant divided by 2π) vs fluence of
100 MeV Xe (●) and 90 MeV Ni (▲). J=2 and2/3 correspond to Mn3+ and Mn4+.

References[1] N. Matsunami et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B268 (2010) p.3071.
[2] O. Fukuoka et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B250 (2006) p.295.
[3] J. F. Ziegler et al., The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids, Pergamon Press, 1985.
[4] C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, John Wiley & Sons, 5th ed. 1976.
[5] E. Barsoum, Fundamentals of Ceramics, McGraw-Hill, 1997.

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7.8

Shape and property control of nanoparticles
by swift heavy ion irradiation
H. Amekura 1, N. Okubo2 and N. Ishikawa2

While various metal species of spherical nanoparticles (NPs) in amorphous silica show shape elongation
under swift heavy ion irradiation [1], it was reported for Ag NPs that the elongated shapes recovered to thespherical ones under thermal annealing [2]. Since a spherical shape has the minimum surface area under aconstant volume, primary this behavior could be ascribed to a minimization of the interface energy between
the particle and the matrix. However, if the matrix was very stiff even at the elevated temperatures, theelongated NPs could not return to the spherical shapes even in a molten form.
The thermal shape recovery from the elongated shapes to spherical ones were studied in NPs with a low
melting point (Zn, m.p. ~420°C) and those with a high m.p. (V, m.p. ~1890°C) [3]. Spherical Zn and V NPs
were fabricated in different pieces of silica glass by implantation of Zn and V ions of the same energy of 60
keV. Both the NPs were irradiated with 200 MeV Xe14+ ions up to a fluence of 5.0 × 1013 ions/cm2 with anincident angle of 45 deg from the sample surface. Isochronal annealing was carried out in a vacuum (< 3 ×
10-3 Pa) between 200 and 1000°C in steps of 100°C for 10 min each. The degree of the elongation was
evaluated by linearly polarized optical absorption spectroscopy [4] at room temperature (RT).

Fig. 1. Optical density (OD) spectra of Zn NPs insilica irradiated with Xe ions of 200 MeV to afluence of 5.0 × 1013 ions/cm2 and annealed in a
vacuumisochronally

for

10

min

at

each

temperature. The triangle indicates an absorption
band due to radiation-induced defects in the silica.
The solid (broken) lines indicate the spectra
measured with linearly polarized light at apolarization angle of 0 (90) deg. The spectra arevertically shifted from each other for clarity; thehorizontal lines indicate the baselines.

Figure 1 shows changes in optical density (OD) spectra of the elongated Zn NPs in silica with theisochronal annealing. The spectra were measured at RT after each annealing, using linearly polarized lightat the two different polarizations of 0 and 90 deg from the elongation plane. In the as-irradiated state, the12National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 67 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

spectra obtained at 0 and 90 deg were very different from each other, indicating the elongated shapes of theNPs. The spectrum at 0 deg showed a pronounced low energy shift compared with that at 90 deg. With
increasing the annealing temperature, the 0 deg spectrum gradually shifted toward the 90 deg spectrum,indicating a decrease in the aspect ratios of the elongated NPs. After the annealing at 600°C, both thespectra became almost identical, indicating the recovery to the spherical shapes of the NPs. An important
observation was that the Zn NPs were still in elongated shapes even after the annealing at 500°C, while them.p. of bulk Zn is 420°C. In fact, we have once experimentally evaluated the m.p. of unirradiated spherical
Zn NPs by rapid X-ray diffraction at high temperatures using synchrotron radiation [5]. The observed m.p.
of the NPs was the same as the bulk one within experimental error [5]. Since m.p. of NPs are usuallycomparable to or lower than the bulk value, we concluded that the Zn NPs at 500°C are in a molten form
with keeping the elongated shapes, probably due to the mold effect of the silica matrix.
In the case of vanadium NPs, the elongation signal was stable up to 800°C, but steeply decreased at 900°C
and mostly disappeared at 1000°C. Since the m.p. of bulk vanadium is 1890°C, the recovery from theelongated shapes to spherical ones was induced in a solid phase in the case of vanadium NPs. It is reported
that the diffusion of various metal atoms, such as Cu [6], Zn [7], Er [8], Eu [9] and Tb [10], in silica isenhanced around 800-1000°C, probably due to the softening of the silica matrix, which possibly assists therecovery of the elongated V NPs to spherical shapes.

References[1] M. C. Ridgway et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 106 (2011) 095505.
[2] V. Rodriguez-Iglesias et al., Opt. Lett., 35 (2010) pp.703-705.
[3] H. Amekura et al., Nanotechnology 23 (2012) 095704.
[4] H. Amekura et al., Phys. Rev., B 83 (2011) 205401.
[5] H. Amekura et al., J. Appl. Phys. 108 (2010) 104302.
[6] H. Amekura, and N. Kishimoto, J. Appl. Phys. 94 (2003) pp.2585-2589.
[7] H. Amekura et al., Nanotechnology 18 (2007) 395707.
[8] A. Polman et al., J. Appl. Phys. 70 (1991) pp.3778-3784.
[9] N. Can et al., J. Appl. Phys. 78 (1995) pp.6737-6744.
[10] H. Amekura et al., J. Appl. Phys. 84 (1998) pp.3867-3871.

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7.9

Enhancement of critical current density by hybrid effect of flux pinningin heavy-ion irradiated high-Tc superconducting thin films
T. Sueyoshi 1, T. Kotaki1, T. Fujiyoshi1, F. Mitsugi1, T. Ikegami1 and N. Ishikawa2

For development of second generation “coated conductors” using REBa2Cu3Oy (REBCO, RE: Rare Earthelement) films, further improvement of critical current density Jc in magnetic field is indispensable.
One-dimensional (1D) pinning centers (PCs), such as columnar defects (CDs), are most effective toimmobilize the flux lines in REBCO. The flux pinning of the 1D-PCs, however, is weakened substantiallywhen a magnetic field is inclined off the direction of 1D-PCs. In addition, the flux pinning of the 1D-PCs is
accompanied by the formation of double kinks between adjacent CDs, which induces the movement of flux
lines to the next CDs with no energy barrier [1]. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D) PCs such as
nano-particles have the morphology with no preferential direction for flux pinning. In addition, it isexpected that the 3D-PCs coexisting with 1D-PCs improve the anisotropy of Jc and suppress the motion of
the double kinks, known as “hybrid flux pinning”. For the hybrid flux pinning, 3D-PCs residing between
1D-PCs efficiently act as assistant PCs, whereas 3D-PCs are distributed from place to place in various sizes.
In order to customise the spatial and the size distributions of 3D-PCs in REBCO films, we have fabricatedquasi-multilayered films of BaZrO3/YBa2Cu3Oy (BZO/YBCO) using a multilayering process in a pulsed
laser deposition (PLD) method [2]. In the multilayered films, the BZO precipitates can be formed into thenano-particle shape, the density and the spatial distribution of the nano-particles can be tunned by thegrowth temperature [2]. In this work, CDs are introduced by using 200 MeV Xe ion irradiations along thec-axis direction into the BZO/YBCO quasi-multilayered films grown at different temperatures, in order toelucidate the influence of 3D-PC configurations on the hybrid flux pinning system.
The quasi-multilayered YBCO films with BZO were fabricated on (100) SrTiO3 substrates by a PLD
technique alternating a YBCO target and a BZO target [2]. During the deposition, the growth temperature
Ts was 780 °C or 810 °C. In this work, the laser pulse on the BZO target is 1 pulse and the multilayeredfilms consists of 60 bilayers of BZO/YBCO, where the film thickness is about 260 nm. The
multilayered films were irradiated with 200 MeV Xe ions at the tandem accelerator of JAEA in Tokai,
Japan. The incident ion beam was directed parallel to the c-axis of the films, introducing the CDs as thec-axis correlated PCs. The electronic stopping power Se is about 2.8 keV/Å, which produces the CDs ofabout 8 nm in diameter within YBCO [3]. The total densities of CDs correspond to the dose equivalent
matching field Bφ = 3 T. The transport properties were measured using a four-probe method in evaluating
the Jc properties. The transport current was always applied in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic
field.
Figure. 1 shows the angular dependences of Jc at 65 K for 1 T and 3 T in the multilayered films for pre- and1
2

Kumamoto University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 69 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

post-irradiation, where θ is defined as the angle between the magnetic field and the c-axis of the films. For
the pre-irradiation, there is no peak at any angles except for θ = 90° in the 780°C film, while a broad peakof Jc centered at θ = 0° occurs in the 810°C film (Figure. 1(a)). The former is typical of random pinning,that is, the BZO in the 780°C film is randomly distributed as 3D-PCs with no preferential direction for theflux pinning. The latter case, on the other hand, seems to be nature of the c-axis correlated flux pinning,
though the nano-particles of BZO are disconnected by a YBCO layer along the thickness direction. Afterthe irradiation, a pronounced peak of Jc around θ = 0° emerges for both 1 T and 3 T, regardless of thegrowth temperature, as shown in Figures 1(c) and (d). This originates from the c-axis correlated pinning by
the introduced CDs. There is little difference in the height or the width of the peaks between the 780°C film
and the 810°C one for B = 1 T, although the behaviours of Jc around θ = 0° are substantially different fromeach other before the irradiation. Increasing the magnetic field, on the other hand, the difference of the Jc
between both samples stands out around B || c-axis. The difference of the Jc between the 780°C film and the
810°C one would result from the size of the BZO nano-particles for the most part. At lower Ts, the densityof surface steps or kinks is higher, which suppresses the migration of adatoms to the preferred adsorption
sites and promotes the fragmentation of the nucleus [4]. Then, the BZO crystals in the 780°C multilayered
film would be relatively small particles, which are hard to work as the effective 3D-PCs for the pinning of
the kinks of flux lines, compared to the 810°C one. Therefore, the Jc of the 810°C film is larger than that of
the 780°C one in a wide rage of magnetic field orientation. For lower magnetic field below the matching
field Bφ, on the other hand, the flux lines are mostly captured by CDs, so that the flux pinning of BZO
nano-particles would not stand out. Then, there is not much difference in the Jc between the 780°C film andthe 810°C one.

Jc [ MA/cm2]

Jc [ MA/cm2]

3(a) B = 1 T T = 65 K
unirradiated(c)

B = 1 T T = 65 K
irradiated
780oC
810oC

2
780oC
810oC

1
1.6(b) B = 3 T T = 65 K
unirradiated(d)

B = 3 T T = 65 K
irradiated

1.2
0.8
-30 0

30

60

θ [deg.]90

120 -30 0

3060θ [deg.]90

120

Fig. 1 Angular dependences of Jc in multilayered films with 60 bilayers before and after irradiation.
References[1] D. R. Nelson and V. M. Vinokur, Phys. Rev., B 48 (1993) pp.13060-13097.
[2] T. Sueyoshi et al., Physica C 484 (2013) p.134.
[3] K. Nakashima et al., Physica C 463-465 (2007) p.665.
[4] H. Kai et al., Supercond. Sci. Technol. 23 (2010) 025017.

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

7.10

Application of high-aspect-ratio nanoholes formed byetching of latent tracks for sensors
M. Fujimaki 1, M. Sataka2 and M. Matsuda2

An evanescent-field-coupled waveguide-mode (EFC-WM) sensor is one of the highly-sensitive molecular
detection sensors [1]. Figure 1 shows a schematic showing the setup of the sensor. The EFC-WM sensor iscapable of detecting modifications in the dielectric environment near the waveguide surface. A monolithic
sensing plate for the EFC-WM sensor consisting of a SiO2 glass substrate, a thin single crystalline Si layer,
and a SiO2 glass waveguide shows a superior sensitivity and stability [2]. The sensitivity of the EFC-WM
sensor can be enhanced by perforating the waveguide layer [2]. One of the promising perforation methods
is a method that utilizes selective etching of latent tracks formed by swift heavy ion irradiation. However,uniform swift heavy ion irradiation in large area, such as a 10 cm square or larger, has not beenaccomplished. In the present research, to realize the mass-production perforating process, we tried toestablish an ion irradiation process that can irradiate swift heavy ions in large area uniformly.
The beam line that we used was the line L2 of the 20 MV tandem accelerator at JAEA-Tokai. The ions usedwere 200 MeV Xe ions. The ion beam was made to be wide in the X direction by scanning it using anelectromagnet (IDX Corporation). Samples to be irradiated were the monolithic sensing plate with alayered structure of 84-nm Si and 480-nm SiO2 on a 1.2-mm-thick SiO2 substrate (See Fig. 2). The sensing
plate was cut into a plate of 14×18 mm. Nine plates were placed on a sample holder in line as shown in
Fig. 3. Figures 4(a) and 4(b) show a schematic and a photograph of the sample holder, respectively.
Uniform large-area irradiation was attempted by moving the sample holder 150 mm up and down during
the irradiation as shown in Fig. 4(a). The moving speed was about 1mm/s. The ion fluence was monitored
by integrated ion-beam current measured on the sample holder. The irradiated plates were then perforated
by soaking them in a 4.8% aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 2 min. The resulting nano holes
were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM; Hitachi High-Technologies, S4800).
Figure 5 shows the intensity of the ion beam current along the X direction on the sample holder. As can beseen, the beam profile was quite uniform with its scanned width of 40 mm. Figure 6 is an example of the
SEM image of the perforated waveguide, where the average diameter of the nanoholes was 70 nm. The
density of nanoholes aimed in the irradiation experiment was 100 µm-2, whereas the average density ofnanoholes observed by the SEM was 46 µm-2, which might be due to overestimation of ion fluence becauseof the effect of secondary electrons. The deviation of the density of nanoholes from the average density waswithin ±10%. The deviation is ideally 0%. In the previous experiment [3], however, the deviation was morethan ±50%, indicating that the deviation was improved in the present experiment very much. This is owing
to the uniformity of the incident ion beam. However, unsymmetrical distribution of nanoholes along the X
12

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 71 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

direction was observed, which might be due to that the ion beam did not pass the center of the scanningmagnet. In order to obtain expected sensitivity, the deviation must be within 5%. Further improvement of
the optics of the ion beam and the method to estimate the fluence is required.
480-nm SiO2 layer
84-nm Si layer
1.2-mm-thick SiO2

Fig. 2 Schematic of the layered
structure of the sensing plate.

Fig. 1 Schematic showing the setup of
the sensor.
(a)

(b)

Y

150mm

55mm

150mm

14 mm

170mm

18 mm

x
Fig. 3 Alignment of the sample plates
on the sample holder.
Current intensity (arb. units)

Fig. 4 Schematic (a) and photograph (b) of thesample holder.

X position (mm)Fig. 5 Intensity of the ion beam current along
the X direction on the sample holder.

Fig. 6 SEM image of the perforated waveguide.

The authors would like to thank the Advanced Functional Materials Research Center of Shin-Etsu
Chemical Co., Ltd. for supplying the sensing plate.
References[1] M. Fujimaki et al., Microelectron. Eng. 84 (2007) p.1685.
[2] M. Fujimaki et al., Opt. Express 16 (2008) p.6408.
[3] M. Fujimaki et al., JAEA-Tokai Tandem Annu. Rep. 2011, JAEA-Review 2013-002 (2013) p.64.

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7.11

Evaluation of radiation tolerance of microprocessor
by heavy ion irradiation

Y. Chiba 1, E. Asai1, H. Tomioka1, T. Kameda1, M. Sataka2 and M. Matsuda2

Nowadays, many microprocessors are used in various fields such as amateur hobbies, consumer electronics,
industrial automation etc. For examples, AVR microprocessors manufactured by Atmel Corporation are
well-known for their availability, low price, and free development environment. From the other point ofview, Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (FRAM) attracts notice as a superior radiation tolerant device
in aerospace field. In micro-satellite field, although the various challenging missions are performed byuniversities, companies etc., even now new type microprocessors are not utilized due to limited radiation
tolerance data and no previous actual operation achievements in space environment. For those reasons, PIC
microprocessors with some success in space are still mainly used conservatively in university satellite
projects such as CubeSat without further investigation. The authors investigate radiation tolerance of
ATmega128A (AVR) to evaluate whether the AVR can be used in the micro satellites. Moreover, theauthors also show the radiation tolerance of PIC16F877A (PIC) and MSP430FR5739 (MSP) forcomparison.
Table 1 shows device properties of processors under the irradiation experiments. As a reference, we also
include the properties of PIC and MSP subjected to the experiments in Takasaki Advanced Radiation
Research Institute, JAEA. In the AVR experiment, heavy ions were irradiated by using the Tokai Tandem
Accelerator. The heavy ions irradiated to the AVR were 70MeV-37Cl8+ and 150MeV-81Br12+. To evaluate
radiation tolerance, single event upset (SEU) were counted, and the cross section of each device wascalculated. The cross section σ hi (L) (cm2/bit) is obtained by the equation:  L − Lth  s σ hi ( L) = σ s 1 − exp−   ,  W  (1)

where σs and Lth are a saturated cross section and a threshold Linear Energy Transfer (LET), respectively. W
and s are the constants determining the shape of Weibull function. The LETs of each heavy ion are obtainedby SRIM software.
LET – Cross section relationship for AVR is shown in Fig. 1. As a reference, LET – Cross section
relationships for PIC and MSP are also shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, respectively. According to the result,both saturated cross section and threshold LET of AVR is almost the same as PIC. The frequencies of the
SEU of the both devices on the planned orbit (400 km altitude, 65 degrees inclination) were evaluated by
the online software, CRÈME 96 [1]. The frequency of the AVR was 2.97×10-7 SEUs/bit/day. On the other
hand, the frequencies of the PIC and MSP were 2.33×10-7 SEUs/bit/day and 3.40×10-9 SEUs/bit/day,
1
2

University of Tsukuba
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 73 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

respectively. It was confirmed that the frequency of the SEU of the AVR is almost the same as PIC.
According to SEU simulation on the planned orbit, the AVR has the same radiation tolerance comparedwith PIC microprocessor.

Fig. 1 Relationship between cross-section
and LET for irradiation of 37Cl8+ and 81Br12+
ions toward AVR.

Fig. 2 Relationship between cross-section
and LET for irradiation of 40Ar8+, 84Kr17+
and 129Xe25+ ions toward PIC.

Table 1 Device properties.

Fig. 3 Relationship between cross-section
and LET by irradiating 20Ne4+, 40Ar8+,84
Kr17+ and 129Xe25+ ions toward MSP.

References[1] A. J. Tylka et al., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 44 (1997) pp.2150-2156.

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CHAPTER 8
Publication in Journal and Proceedings, andContribution to Scientific Meetings

8.1

Accelerator Operation and Development

8.2

Nuclear Structure

8.3

Nuclear Reaction

8.4

Nuclear Chemistry

8.5

Nuclear Theory

8.6

Atomic Physics and Solid-state Physics

8.7

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

8.1 Accelerator Operation and Development
Journal/Proceedings
S. Abe, A. Osa, N. Ishizaki, H. Tayama, M. Matsuda, T. Nakanoya, H. Kabumoto, M. Nakamura, K.
Kutsukake, Y. Otokawa, T. Asozu, Y. Tsukihashi, S. Hanashima and T. Ishii
Present status of JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator facility
Proc. of the 25th Meeting for Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Technologies, Nagoya, Nagoya
univ. (July. 20-21, 2012), 36-39.
M. Matsuda, T. Asozu, M. Sataka and A. Iwase
Development of one-accelerator-dual-beam system
Proc. of the 25th Meeting for Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Technologies, Nagoya, Nagoya
univ. (July. 20-21, 2012), 94-97.
M. Matsuda, S. Abe, N. Ishizaki, H. Tayama, T. Nakanoya, H. Kabumoto, M. Nakamura, K. Kutsukake, Y.
Otokawa, T. Asozu and A. Osa
Present status of JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator and booster
Proc. of the 9th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan, Osaka (Aug. 8-11, 2012)362-366.

Meetings
S. Abe, A. Osa, N. Ishizaki, H. Tayama, M. Matsuda, T. Nakanoya, H. Kabumoto, M. Nakamura, K.
Kutsukake, Y. Otokawa, T. Asozu, Y. Tsukihashi, S. Hanashima and T. Ishii
Present status of JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator facility
The 25th Meeting for Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Technologies, Nagoya, Nagoya univ. (July.
20-21, 2012).
M. Matsuda, T. Asozu, M. Sataka and A. Iwase
Development of one-accelerator-dual-beam system
The 25th Meeting for Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Technologies, Nagoya, Nagoya univ. (July.
20-21, 2012).
M. Matsuda, S. Abe, N. Ishizaki, H. Tayama, T. Nakanoya, H. Kabumoto, M. Nakamura, K. Kutsukake, Y.
Otokawa, T. Asozu and A. Osa
Present status of JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator and booster
The 9th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan, Osaka (Aug. 8-11, 2012).

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M. Matsuda, T. Asozu, M. Sataka and A. Iwase
Development of dual-beam system using an electrostatic accelerator for in-situ observation of swift heavy
ion irradiation effects on materials
8th International Symposium on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter (SHIM2012), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 24-27,
2012).

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8.2 Nuclear Structure
Journal/Proceedings
M. Asai, K. Tsukada, M. Sakama, H. Haba, T. Ichikawa, Y. Ishii, A. Toyoshima, T. Ishii, I. Nishinaka, Y.
Nagame, Y. Kasamatsu, M. Shibata, Y. Kojima and H. Hayashi
Ground-state configuration of the N = 157 nucleus 259No
Phys. Rev., C, 87 (2013) 014332.

Meetings
M. Asai, K. Tsukada, N. Sato, T. K. Sato, A. Toyoshima, S. Miyashita, K. Ooe, Y. Kaneya, T. Ishii and Y.
NagameProton configuration in 261Db
2012 Autumn Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Kyoto, Japan (Sep. 11-14, 2012).
M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, T. K. Sato, Y. Nagame, N. Sato, T. Ishii and Y. Kasamatsu
Measurements of the first excited-state energies in even-even actinide nuclei
56th Symposium on Radiochemisty, Tokyo, Japan (Oct. 3-5, 2012).
M. Asai
Nuclear spectroscopy / nuclear structure in the transition region N = 152 to 162
9th International Workshop “Chemistry of the Superheavy Elements”, Wako, Japan (Mar. 8, 2013).

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8.3 Nuclear Reaction
Journal/Proceedings
K. Nishio, S. Mitsuoka, I. Nishinaka, H. Makii, Y. Wakabayashi, H. Ikezoe, K. Hirose, T. Ohtsuki, Y.
Aritomo and S. Hofmann
Fusion probabilities in the reactions 40,48Ca + 238U at energies around the Coulomb barrier
Phys. Rev. C. 86, 034608-1-6 (2012).
Y. Aritomo, K. Hagino, K. Nishio and S. Chiba
Dynamical approach to heavy-ion induced fission using actinide target nuclei around the Coulomb barrier
Phys. Rev. C. 85, 044614-1-15 (2012).
M. Veselsky, A.N. Andreyev, S. Antalic, M. Huise, P. Möller, K. Nishio, A.J. Sierk, P.Van Duppen, and M.
VenhartFission-barrier heights of neutron-deficient mercury nuclei
Phys. Rev. C. 86, 024308-1-8 (2012).
J. Khuyagbaatar, K. Nishio, S. Hofmann, D. Ackermann, M. Block, S. Heinz, F. P. Heßberger, K. Hirose,
H. Ikezoe, B. Kinlder, B. Lommel, H. Makii, S. Mitsuoka, I. Nishinaka, T. Ohtsuki, Y. Wakabayashi and S.
Yan
Evidence for hindrance in fusion between sulfur and lead nuclei
Phys. Rev. C 86, 064602-1-6 (2012).
S. Hofmann, S. Heinz, R. Mann, J. Maurer, J. Khuyagbaatar, D. Ackermann, S. Antalic, W. Barth, M. Block,
H.G. Burkhard, V.F. Comas, L. Dahl, K. Eberhardt, J. Gostic, R.A. Henderson, J.A. Heredia, F.P. Hesberger,
J.M. Kenneally, B. Kindler, I. Kojouharov, J.V. Kratz, R. Lang, M. Leino, B. Lommel, K.J. Moody, G.
Munzenberg, S.L. Nelson, K. Nishio, A.G. Popeko, J. Runke, S. Saro, D.A. Shaughnessy, M.A. Stoyer, P.
Thorle-Pospiech, K. Tinschert, N. Trautmann, J. Uusitalo, P.A. Wilk and A.V. Yeremin
The reaction 48Ca + 248Cm  296116* studied at the GSI-SHIP
Eur. Phys. J. A, 48, 62-1-23 (2012).
F.P. Hesberger, S. Antalic, D. Ackermann, Z. Kalaninov´a, S. Heinz, S.Hofmann, B. Streicher, B. Kindler, I.
Kojouharov, P. Kuusiniemi, M. Leino, B. Lommel, R. Mann, K. Nishio, S. Saro, B. Sulignano and M.
VenharAlpha-gamma decay studies of 253No and its daughter products 253Md, 249Fm
Eur. Phys. J. A, 48, 75-1-9 (2012).

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A. N. Andreyev, S. Antalic, D. Ackermann, L. Bianco, S. Franchoo, S. Heinz, F. P. Heßberger, S. Hofmann,
M. Huyse, Z. Kalaninova, I. Kojouharov, B. Kindler, B. Lommel, R. Mann, K. Nishio, R. D. Page, J. J.
Ressler, B. Streicher, S. Saro, B. Sulignano and P. Van Duppen
β-delayed fission of 192,194At
Phys. Rev. C 87, 014317-1-8 (2013).
J. F. W. Lane, A. N. Andreyev, S. Antalic, D. Ackermann, J. Gerl, F. P. Heßberger, S. Hofmann, M. Huyse,
H. Kettunen, A. Kleinbohl, B. Kindler, I. Kojouharov, M. Leino, B. Lommel, G. Munzenberg, K. Nishio, R.
D. Page, S. Saro, H. Schaffner, M. J. Taylor and P. Van Duppen
β-delayed fission of 186,188Bi isotopes
Phys. Rev. C 87, 014318-1-7 (2013).
Y. Aritomo, D.J. Hinde, A. Wakhle, R. du Rietz, W. Dasgupta, K. Hagino, S. Chiba and K. Nishio
Dynamical approach to fusion-fission process in superheavy mass region
EPJ Web of Conferences 35, 05001-1-4 (2012).
Y. Aritomo, K. Hagino, S. Chiba and K. Nishio
Dynamical approach to heavy-ion induced fusion using actinide target
AIP Conf. Proc. 1491, 303 (2012).
S. Ota, H. Makii, T. Ishii, K. Nishio, S. Mitsuoka, I. Nishinaka and S. Chiba
Study on low energy resonances in 22Ne (α, γ) 26Mg using the 22Ne + 6Li α-transfer reaction
Proceedings of Science (12th International Symposium of Nuclei In Cosmos), 221, 2012.
H. Ishiyama, S.C. Jeong, Y. Watanabe, Y. Hirayama, N. Imai, H. Miyatake, M. Oyaizu, I. Katayama, M.
Sataka, A. Osa, Y.i Otokawa, M. Matsuda and H. Makii
Toward online nanoscale diffusion measurements using radioactive 8Li tracer
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42, 010205 (2013) 1-3.
H. Makii, H. Miyatake, Y. Wakabayashi, H. Ishiyama, K. Niki, M. Okada, N. Imai, Y.X. Watanabe, Y.
Hirayama, S.C. Jeong, T. Shima, I. Nishinaka, S. Mitsuoka, K. Nishio and S. Chiba
Measurement of the 12C(α,γ)16O reaction at TRIACAIP Conference Proceedings 1484 (2012) 269-274.
H. Makii, S. Namiki, O. Iwamoto, N. Iwamoto and H. Sawahata,
Radioactive tracer 132Cs (TRACs) for fukushima nuclear plant accident
Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 81, 085003 (2012) 1-2.

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Y. Hirayama, M. Mihara, Y.X. Watanabe, S.C. Jeong, H. Miyatake, S. Momota, T. Hashimoto, N. Imai, K.
Matsuda, H. Ishiyama, S. Ichikawa, T. Ishii, T. Izumikawa, I. Katayama, H. Kawakami, H. Kawamura, I.
Nishinaka, K. Nishio, H. Makii, S. Mitsuoka, A. Osa, Y. Otokawa and T.K. Sato
Tilted-foil technique for producing a spin-polarized radioactive isotope beam
The European Physical Journal A 48, 54 (2012) 1-10.

Meetings
K. Nishio
Fusion-fission study at JAEA for heavy element synthesis
VIII Tours Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Lenzkirch-Saig, Germany, September 2-7,
2012.
K. Nishio
In-beam fission study at JAEA for heavy-element synthesis
International Conference on Recent Trends in Nuclear Physics 2012, Chandigarh, India, Nov. 19-21, 2012.
K. Nishio
Fusion-fission study at JAEA for heavy-element synthesis
Scientific workshop on Nuclear Fission Dynamics and the Emission of Prompt Neutrons and Gamma Rays
(Theory-2), Biarritz, France, Nov. 28-30, 2012.
K. Nishio
Fusion and fission study at JAEA
Seminar at Department of Physics, University of York, York, United Kingdom, Dec. 11, 2012.
K. Nishio
Fission research program at JAEA
10th ASRC International Workshop "Nuclear Fission and Decay of Exotic Nuclei", Tokai, Japan (2013).
K. Nishio
Experimental study for heavy-ion induced fission process
The 5th RIBF Workshop “Fission of Heavy Nuclei” Niigata, Japan, Dec.27. 2012.
S. Ota, H. Makii, T. Ishii, K. Nishio, S. Mitsuoka, I. Nishinaka and S. Chiba
Study on low energy resonances in 22Ne (α, γ) 26Mg using the 22Ne + 6Li α-transfer reaction
12th International Symposium of Nuclei In the Cosmos, Cairns, Australia (Aug. 5-12, 2012).

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H. Makii, S. Ota, T. Ishii, K. Nishio, I. Nishinaka, K. Furutaka, Y. Wakabayashi, S. Chiba and M. IgashiraDevelopment of anti-Compton LaBr3(Ce) spectrometer for measurement of surrogate reaction
International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology (ND 2013), New York, U.S.A.
(March 4-8, 2013).

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8.4 Nuclear Chemistry
Journal/Proceedings
M. Asai, Y. Kaneya, T. K. Sato, K. Tsukada, K. Ooe, N. Sato and A. Toyoshima
Efficiency calibration of Ge detector for 131I and 134Cs in soil samples and a simplified calculation ofcascade summing corrections for volume source
J. Nucl. Radiochem. Sci., 12 (2012) 5.
T. K. Sato, N. Sato, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, K. Ooe, S. Miyashita, M. Schädel, Y. Kaneya, Y.
Nagame, A. Osa, S. Ichikawa, T. Stora and J. V. Kratz
First successful ionization of Lr (Z = 103) by a surface-ionization techniqueRev. Sci. Instrum., 84 (2013) 023304.
A. Toyoshima
Chemical studies of rutherfordium (Rf) and nobelium (No) on an atom-at-a-time scale
J. Nucl. Radiochem. Sci. 12 (2012) A1.
X. H. Liang, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, Z. J. Li, M. Asai, T. K. Sato, N. Sato and Y. Nagame
Adsorption behavior of 181W and 93mMo as lighter homologues of seaborgium (Sg) in HF/HNO3 onanion-exchange resin
J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 292 (2012) 917.

Meetings
T. Tomitsuka, T. Kojima, M. Murakami, S. Goto, T.K. Sato, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, N. Sato, K.
Ooe, Y. Nagame, Y. Kaneya and H. Kudo
Isothermal gas chromatographic behavior of hafnium isotopes
2012 Annual Meeting of the Japan Society of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Oct.
3–5).
T. K. Sato, N. Sato, Y. Kaneya, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, K. Ooe, S. Miyashita, A. Osa, S.
Ichikawa, M. Schädel, Y. Nagame, T. Stora and J. V. Kratz
Development of surface-ionization type ion-source at the JAEA-ISOL setup for measurement of the firstionization potential of Lr (Z = 103)
16th International Conference on Electromagnetic Isotope Separators and Techniques Related to their
Applications (EMIS2012), Matsue, Japan (Dec. 2-7, 2012).

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

T. K. Sato, N. Sato, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, K. Ooe, S. Miyashita, Y. Nagame, M. Schädel, A.
Osa, Y. Kaneya, S. Ichikawa, T. Stora and J. V. Kratz
Ionization potential measurement of lawrencium (Lr, Z = 103) by the surface ionization method
56th Symposium on Radiochemisty, Tokyo, Japan (Oct. 3-5, 2012).
Y. Kaneya, T. K. Sato, N. Sato, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, K. Ooe, S. Miyashita, Y. Nagame, M.
Schädel, A. Osa, S. Ichikawa, T. Stora and J. V. Kratz
Development of a gas-jet coupled surface ion source of ISOL for measurement of the first ionization
potential of Lr (II)56th Symposium on Radiochemisty, Tokyo, Japan (Oct. 3-5, 2012).
T. K. Sato, Y. Kaneya, N. Sato, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, K. Ooe, S. Miyashita, Y. Nagame, M.
Schädel, S. Ichikawa, T. Stora and J. V. Kratz
Measurement of the first ionization potential of Lr by surface ionization method
2013 Annual Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Kusatsu, Japan (Mar. 22-24, 2013).
Y. Kaneya, T. K. Sato, N. Sato, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, K. Ooe, S. Miyashita, Y. Nagame, M.
Schädel, A. Osa, S. Ichikawa, T. Stora and J. V. Kratz
Development of surface ionization method for determination of the first ionization potentials of heavy
actinides
2013 Annual Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Kusatsu, Japan (Mar. 22-24, 2013).
I. Nishinaka, A. Yokoyama, K. Washiyama, R. Amano, E. Maeda, N. Yamada, H. Makii, S. Watanabe, N. S.
Ishioka and K. Hashimoto
Nuclear and radiochemical study of production and utilization of radioactive astatine isotopes in the
7

Li+natPb reaction

EuCheMS International Conference on Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Como, Italy (Sep. 16-21, 2012).
I. Nishinaka, A. Yokoyama, K. Washiyama, R. Amano, E. Maeda, N. Yamada, T. Taniguchi, S. Watanabe,
N. S. Ishioka, K. Hashimoto, H. Makii and A. Toyoshima
Nuclear and radiochemical study of production and utilization of radioactive astatine isotopes in the
7

Li+natPb reaction –Aim at the new cancer medical treatment by α-emitting radioisotopes

Annual Meeting of the Japan Society of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Oct. 3-5,2012).
E. Maeda, A. Yokoyama, N. Yamada, T. Taniguchi, K. Washiyama, R. Amano, I. Nishinaka, N. Takahashi
and Y. Kasamatsu
Wet separation with solvent extraction of astatine isotopes in the synthesis process for nuclear medicine
Annual Meeting of the Japan Society of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Oct. 3-5,2012).

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K. Washiyama, K. Li, R. Amano, A. Yokoyama, N. Takahashi, K. Nakai, Y. Kasamatsu, A. Shinohara, I.
Nishinaka, H. Makii, K. Hashimoto and Y. Kasamatsu
Biodistribution of 211At astatide in mice
Annual Meeting of the Japan Society of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (Oct. 3-5,2012).
S. Watanabe, I. Nishinaka, I. Sasaki, K. Yamada, Sa. Watanabe, Y. Sugo, H. Hanaoka, K. Hashimoto and N.
S. Ishioka
Synthesis of a biologically active peptide containing radiohalogenated phenylalanine by electrophilicdestannylation reaction
7th International Symposium on Radiohalogens (7ISR), Whistler, Canada (Sep. 15-19, 2012).
S. Watanabe, I. Nishinaka, K. Yamada, K. Hashimoto, H. Makii, H. Hanaoka, and N. S. Ishioka
Synthesis of astatinated amino acid derivatives for the radionuclide therapies
56th Symposium on Radiochemistry, Tokyo, Japan (Oct. 3-5, 2012).
A. Toyoshima, S. Miyashita, K. Ooe, M. Asai, T.K. Sato, K. Tsukada, Y. Kitatsuji, Y. Nagame, M. Schädel,J.P. Omtvedt, J. V. Kratz, H. Haba, Y. Kasamatsu, A. Shinohara, A. Wada, K. Akiyama, Y. Oura, A.
Yokoyama and K. Sueki
Electrolytic reduction of Mo and W as lighter homologues of seaborgium (Sg)56th Symposium on Radiochemistry, Tokyo, Japan (Oct. 3 - 5, 2012).
S. Miyashita, A. Toyoshima, K. Ooe, M. Asai, T.K. Sato, K. Tsukada, Y. Kitatsuji, Y. Nagame, M. Schädel,J.P. Omtvedt, J. V. Kratz, H. Haba, Y. Kasamatsu, A. Shinohara, A. Wada, K. Akiyama, Y. Oura, A.
Yokoyama and K. Sueki
Solvent extraction of Mo and W for redox studies of Sg
56th Symposium on Radiochemistry, Tokyo, Japan (Oct. 3 - 5, 2012).
K. Ooe, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, T.K. Sato, A. Toyoshima, S. Miyashita, Y. Nagame, M. Schädel, Y. Kaneya,
H. Lerum, J.P. Omtvedt, J. V. Kratz, H. Haba, Y. Kasamatsu, A. Shinohara, K. Akiyama, Y. Oura, A.
Yokoyama and K. Sueki
Improvement of rapid liquid-liquid extraction apparatus SISAK for redox studies of Sg
56th Symposium on Radiochemistry, Tokyo, Japan (Oct. 3 - 5, 2012).
K. Ooe, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, T.K. Sato, A. Toyoshima, S. Miyashita, Y. Nagame, M. Schädel, Y. Kaneya,
H. Lerum, J.P. Omtvedt, J. V. Kratz, H. Haba, A. Wada and Y. Kitayama
Development of a new continuous dissolution apparatus using a hydrophobic membrane filter for
superheavy element chemistry
93th Spring Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Kusatsu, Japan (Mar. 27 - 30, 2013).

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S. Miyashita, K. Ooe, A. Toyoshima, T.K. Sato, M. Asai, K. Tsukada, Y. Nagame, M. Schädel, Y. Kaneya,
J.P. Omtvedt, J. V. Kratz, H. Haba, A. Wada and Y. Kitayama
Extraction behavior of hexavalent Mo and W for Sg experiment
93th Spring Meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Kusatsu, Japan (Mar. 27 - 30, 2013).

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

8.5

Nuclear Theory

Journal/Proceedings
E.S. Diffenderfer, L.T. Baby, D. Santiago-Gonzalez, N. Ahsan, A. Rojas, A. Volya, I. Wiedenhover, A.H.
Wuosmaa, M.P. Carpenter, R.V.F. Janssens, C.J. Lister, M. Devlin, D.G. Sarantites, L.G. Sobotka, Y.
Utsuno and M. Horoi
High-spin spectrum of 24Mg studied through multiparticle angular correlations
Phys. Rev. C, 85 (2012) 034311-1-17.
N. Shimizu, Y. Utsuno, T. Mizusaki, M. Honma, Y. Tsunoda and T. Otsuka
Variational procedure for nuclear shell-model calculations and energy-variance extrapolation
Phys. Rev. C, 85 (2012) 054301-1-6.
L. Liu, T. Otsuka, N. Shimizu, Y. Utsuno and R. RothNo-core Monte Carlo shell-model calculation for 10Be and 12Be low-lying spectra
Phys. Rev. C, 86 (2012) 014302-1-9.
T. Abe, P. Maris, T. Otsuka, N. Shimizu, Y. Utsuno and J.P. Vary
Benchmarks of the full configuration interaction, Monte Carlo shell model, and no-core full configuration
methods
Phys. Rev. C, 86 (2012) 054301-1-18.
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, B. A. Brown, M. Honma, T. Mizusaki and N. Shimizu
Shape transitions in exotic Si and S isotopes and tensor-force-driven Jahn-Teller effectPhys. Rev. C, 86 (2012), 051301(R)-1-6.
K. Shimada, H. Ueno, G. Neyens, K. Asahi, D.L. Balabanski, J.M. Daugas, M. Depuydt, M.De Rydt, L.
Gaudefroy, S. Grevy, Y. Hasama, Y. Ichikawa, D. Kameda, P. Morel, T. Nagatomo, L. Perrot, Ch. Stodel,
J.-C. Thomas, Y. Utsuno, W. Vanderheijden, N. Vermeulen, P. Vingerhoets, E. Yagi, K. Yoshida and A.
YoshimiErosion of N=20 shell in 33Al investigated through the ground-state electric quadrupole moment
Phys. Lett. B, 714 (2012) 246-250.
N. Shimizu, T. Abe, Y. Tsunoda, Y. Utsuno, T. Yoshida, T. Mizusaki, M. Honma and T. Otsuka
New-generation Monte Carlo shell model for the K supercomputer era
Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys., 2012 (2012) 01A205-1-27.
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, B.A. Brown, M. Honma, T. Mizusaki and N. Shimizu
Shell evolution around and beyond N=28 studied with large-scale shell-model calculations
Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl., 196 (2012) 304-309.

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

Y. Utsuno, N. Shimizu, T. Otsuka and T. Abe
Efficient computation of Hamiltonian matrix elements between non-orthogonal Slater determinantsComput. Phys. Commun., 184 (2013) 102-108.
H. Koura and S. Chiba
Single-particle levels of spherical nuclei in the superheavy and extremely superheavy mass region
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82, (2013) 014201-1-5.
H. Koura
Phenomenological formula for alpha-decay half-lives
J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 49, (2012) 816-823.
K. Morita, K. Morimoto, D. Kaji, H. Haba, K. Ozeki, Y. Kudou, T. Sumita, Y. Wakabayashi, A. Yoneda, K.
Tanaka, S. Yamaki, R. Sakai, T. Akiyama, S. Goto, H. Hasebe, M. Huang, T. Huang, E. Ideguchi, Y.
Kasamatsu, K. Katori, Y. Kariya, H. Kunieda, H. Koura, H. Kudo, A. Mashiko, K. Mayama, S. Mitsuoka, T.
Moriya, M. Murakami, H. Murayama, S. Nanami, A. Ozawa, N. Sato, K. Sueki, M. Takeyama, F. Tokanai,
T. Yamaguchi and A. Yoneda
New result in the production and decay of an isotopes, 278113, of the 113th element
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 81, (2012) 103201-1-4.
M. S. Smith, C.D. Nesaraja, E.J. Lingerfelt, H. Koura and F.G. Kondev
Comparison of Nuclear Mass Models at nuclearmasses.org
Origin of matter and evolution of galaxies 2011, eds. S. Kubono et al. (AIP Conf. Proc. 1484, 2012),
pp.421-423.

Meetings
Y. UtsunoMonte Carlo shell model and its applications to exotic nuclei
International Workshop “Nuclear Theory in the Supercomputing Era,” Khabarovsk, Russia (Jun. 18-22,
2012).
Y. Utsuno
Tensor-force driven shell evolution in correlated nuclei
International Symposium on Perspective in Isospin Physics—Role of non-central interactions in structureand dynamics of unstable nuclei—, Wako, Japan (Aug. 27-28, 2012).
Y. Utsuno
Recent shell model results for exotic nuclei
VIII Tours Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Lenzkirch-Saig, Germany (Sep. 2-7, 2012).

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Y. Utsuno, N. Shimizu, M. Honma, T. Mizusaki and T. Otsuka
Shell evolution in antimony isotopes
2012 Fall Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Kyoto, Japan (Sep. 11-14, 2012).
Y. Utsuno
Shell evolution probed by energy levels in unstable nuclei
The 3rd RIBF Discussion Meeting “γ-ray Spectroscopy of Medium-Heavy Unstable Nuclei,” Sendai, Japan(Sep. 24, 2012).
Y. Utsuno
Towards unified description of the shell evolution
International Symposium "Exotic Nuclear Structure From Nucleons," Tokyo, Japan (Oct. 10-12, 2012).
Y. Utsuno
Shell evolution in neutron-rich calcium isotopes
7th Italy-Japan Symposium on Nuclear Physics, Milan, Italy (Nov. 20-23, 2012).
Y. Utsuno
Manifestation of the shell evolution in energy levels of exotic nuclei
RCNP International Workshop on Physics Opportunities Using Compton Suppressed Ge Clover Array(Clover12), Osaka, Japan (Dec. 7-8, 2012).
Y. Utsuno
Shell evolution along the Sn isotopes
10th ASRC International Workshop "Nuclear Fission and Decay of Exotic Nuclei", Tokai, Japan (Mar.
21-22, 2013).
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, N. Shimizu, T. Mizusaki and M. Honma
Energy levels and shell evolution in neutron-rich calcium isotopes
68th Annual Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan (Mar. 27-29, 2013).
H. Koura and S. Chiba
Theoretical study of decay heat and delayed neutron accompanied with beta-decay from fission fragments
Spring Meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Osaka, Japan (Mar. 26-28, 2013).
H. Koura
Theoretical study of beta-delayed neutron and decay heat10th ASRC International Workshop, “Nuclear Fission and Decay of Exotic Nuclei”, JAEA Tokai, Japan(Mar. 21-22, 2013).

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

H. Koura
Properties of nuclear masses for heavy and superheavy nuclei
Workshop on Low-Energy Radioactive Isotope Beam (RIB) Production by In-Gas Laser Ionization for
Decay Spectroscopy at RIKEN, Wako, Japan (Dec. 10-11, 2012).
H. Koura
Effect of decay modes of superheavy nuclei to r-process nucleosynthesis
ENSAR-ECOS Workshop on Future Superheavy Element Strategy (FUSHE 2012), Erbismühle, Germany(May. 13-16, 2012).

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

8.6

Atomic Physics and Solid-state Physics

Journal/Proceedings
M. Imai
Semiempirical formulae for inelastic atomic and molecular collisions
Atomic Processes in Basic and Applied Physics, Springer Series on Atomic, Optical and Plasma Physics 68,
eds. V. Shevelko and H. Tawara, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (2012) 455–479.
H. Ishiyama, S.C. Jeong, Y.X. Watanabe, Y. Hirayama, N. Imai, H. Miyatake, M. Oyaizu, I. Katayama, M.
Sataka,, A. Osa, Y. Otokawa, M. Matsuda and H. Makii
Toward online nanoscale diffusion measurements using radioactive 8Li tracer
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 52 (2013) 010205.

Meetings
M. Imai, M. Sataka, K. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro, K. Komaki, H. Shibata and K. Nishio
Charge state evolution for 2 MeV/u carbon ions passing through carbon foils
23rd International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids (ICACS 25), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 21-25,
2012).
Y. Ohta, T. Majima, M. Imai, H. Tsuchida, H. Shibata, A. Itoh and M. Sataka
Charge state distribution of 1 MeV/u tungsten ions after penetration of carbon foils
8th International Symposium on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter (SHIM2012), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 24-27,
2012).
N. Matsunami, Y. Sakuma, M. Sataka, S. Okayasu and H. KakiuchidaElectronic sputtering of CuO films by high-energy ions
8th International Symposium on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter (SHIM2012), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 24-27,
2012).
H. Ishiyama, S.C. Jeong, Y.X. Watanabe, Y. Hirayama, N. Imai, H. Miyatake, M. Oyaizu, I. Katayama, M.
Sataka,, A. Osa, Y. Otokawa, M. Matsuda and H. Makii
In-situ diffusion measurements in solids using short lived radioactive tracers of 8Li and 20NaXVI International Conference on Electromagnetic Isotope Separators and Techniques Related to their
Application (EMIS 2012), Matsue, Japan (Dec. 2-7, 2012).

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

S.C. Jeong, H. Ishiyama, N. Imai, Y. Hirayama, H. Miyatake, Y.X. Watanabe, I. Katayama, H. Kawakami,
M. Sataka, S. Okayasu, S. Ichikawa, K. Nishio, S. Mitsuoka, T. Nakanoya, M. Yahagi and T. Hashimoto
Online diffusion experiments in solids by implanting radiotracer beam of 8Li
8th International Symposium on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter (SHIM 2012), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 24-27,
2012).

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

8.7

Radiation Effects in Materials

Journal/Proceedings
K. Shimizu, S. Kosugi, Y. Tahara, K. Yasunaga, Y. Kaneta, N. Ishikawa, F. Hori, T. Matsui and A. Iwase
Change in magnetic properties induced by swift heavy ion irradiation in CeO2
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B286 (2012) 291-294.
Y. Tahara, K. Shimizu, N. Ishikawa, Y. Okamoto, F. Hori, T. Matsui and A. Iwase
Study on effects of energetic ion irradiation in Gd2O3-doped CeO2 by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray
spectroscopy
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phy. Res., B277 (2012) 53-57.
Y.Sasaki and T.Suzuki,
Formation of Ag clusters by electron beam irradiation on Ag-Zeolite
Materials Transactions, 50 (2009)1050.
Y.Sasaki and S.Okayasu
Zeolite and the manufacturing method
Patent application 2009-213741 (Sep. 2009).
T. Sueyoshi, Y. Furuki, E. Tanaka, T. Fujiyoshi, F. Mitsugi, T. Ikegami and N. Ishikawa
Angular dependence of critical current density in YBCO films with columnar defects crossing at
widespread angles
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 23 (2013) 8002404.
T. Sueyoshi, T. Nishimura, T. Fujiyoshi, F. Mitsugi, T. Ikegami and N. Ishikawa
Angular dependences of critical current density and n-value in YBCO thin films at high density of columnar
defects
The proceedings of the 24th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference and the International
Cryogenic Materials Conference 2012, 829-832.

Meetings
K.Yasuda, M. Etoh, K. Sawada, T. Yamamoto, K. Yasunaga, S. Matsumura and N. Ishikawa
Defect formation and accumulation in CeO2 irradiated with swift heavy ions
8th International Symposium on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter (SHIM2012), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 24-27,
2012).

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

T. Yamamoto, K.Yasuda, S. Matsumuraa and N. Ishikawa
TEM analysis of ion tracks in MgAl2O4
8th International Symposium on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter (SHIM2012), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 24-27,
2012).
K.Yasuda, M. Etoh, K. Yasunaga, T. Yamamoto, S. Matsumura and N. Ishikawa
Synergistic ittadiation effects of electronic/lattice excitation in CeO2 irradiated with swift heavy ions152th Spring Meeting of Japan Institute of Metals, March 27-29, Tokyo.
S. Matsumura, T. Yamamoto, K. Yasuda and S. Takaki (Invited Talk)
Transmission electron microscopy study of defect formation and accumulation in ceramic oxides irradiatedwith swift heavy ions
MRS Fall Meeting 2012, Nov.27-Dec.1, 2012, Boston.
K. Shimizu, T. Kishino Y. Tahara, K. Yasunaga, N. Ishikawa, Y. Okamoto, Y. Baba, N. Hirao, Y. Saitoh, F.
Hori, T. Matsui and A. Iwase
Effects of swift heavy ion irradiation and high temperature annealing on the structure and magnetic
propeties of CeO2
8th International Symposium on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter (SHIM2012), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 24-27,
2012).
M. Hayashi, M. Matsuda, T. Asozu, M. Sataka, M. Nakamura and A. Iwase
In-situ RBS measurements for the effect of swift heavy ion irradiation on metal-insulator interfaces
8th International Symposium on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter (SHIM2012), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 24-27,
2012).
Y. Sasajima, T. Osada, N. Ishikawa and A. Iwase
Computer simulation of high-energy-ion irradiation of uranium dioxide
8th International Symposium on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter (SHIM2012), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 24-27,
2012).
Y. Sasajima, N. Ajima, T. Osada, N. Ishikawa and A. Iwase
Computer simulation of high-energy-beam of ceria
8th International Symposium on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter (SHIM2012), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 24-27,
2012).
K. Nakano, T. Kojima and A. Iwase
Radiation effects in yttria-stabilized zirconia
8th International Symposium on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter (SHIM2012), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 24-27,
2012).
N. Ishikawa
Damages in UO2 and CeO2 irradiated with high-energy heavy ions
SHIMEC2012 (International Conference on Swift Heavy Ions in Materials Engineering andCharacterization), New Delhi. India (Oct. 9-12, 2012).

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

N. Ishikawa, Y. Chimi, O. Michikami and A. Iwase
Electrical resistivity change due to high-energy X-ray irradiation of oxide ceramics
ICACS-25 (25th International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids). Kyoto, Japan(Oct. 21-25,
2012).
N. Ishikawa, T. Sonoda, T. Sawabe, H. Sugai and M. Sataka
Electronic stopping power dependence of ion-track size in UO2 irradiated with heavy ions in the energy
range of ~1MeV/u
8th International Symposium on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter (SHIM2012), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 24-27,
2012).
N. Okubo, N. Ishikawa, M. Sataka and S. Jitsukawa
Surface amorphization in Al2O3 induced by swift heavy ion irradiation
8th International Symposium on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter (SHIM2012), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 24-27,
2012).
Y.Sasaki, M. Kobayashi, H. Kita and S. Okayasu
Formation of metal microstructures induced by heavy ion irradiation in Ag-zeolite
AMTC2 (The 2nd International Symposium on Advanced Microscopy and Theoretical Calculations).
M. Fujimaki, M. Sataka and M. Matsuda
Formation of an ion beam for mass-productive nanofabrication technology
The 25th Meeting for Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Technologies, Nagoya, Nagoya univ. (July.
20-21, 2012).
T. Sueyoshi, T. Nishimura, T. Fujiyoshi, F. Mitsugi, T. Ikegami and N. Ishikawa
Angular dependences of critical current density and n-value in YBCO thin films at high density of columnar
defects
24th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference and the International Cryogenic Materials
Conference 2012 (ICEC24/ICMC2012), Fukuoka, Japan (May 14-18, 2012).
T. Sueyoshi, Y. Furuki, E. Tanaka, T. Fujiyoshi, F. Mitsugi, T. Ikegami and N. Ishikawa
Angular dependence of critical current density in YBCO films with columnar defects crossing at
widespread angles
American Superconductivity Conference 2012 (ASC2012), Oregon, USA (Oct. 7-12, 2012).
T. Sueyoshi, T. Fujiyoshi, F. Mitsugi, T. Ikegami and N. Ishikawa
Influence of anisotropically splayed columnar defects on angular dependece of critical current density in
YBCO thin films
8th International Symposium on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter (SHIM2012), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 24-27,
2012).

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T. Sueyoshi, T. Koutaki, T. Fujiyoshi, F. Mitsugi, T. Ikegami and N. Ishikawa
Angular dependence of critical current density in BaZrO3 / YBa2Cu3Oy quasi-multilayered films withcolumnar defects
25th International symposium on superconductivity (ISS2012), Tokyo, Japan (Dec. 3-5, 2012).
H. Amekura, N. Okubo, N. Ishikawa, S.A. Khan, U.B. Singh, D.K. Avasthi, K. Mitsuishi and Y. Nakayama
Critical evaluation of the synergy model for elongation of embedded nanoparticles by swift heavy ion
irradiation
18th International Conference on Ion Beam Modification of Materials (IBMM 2012), Qingdao, China (Sep.
2-7, 2012).
H. Amekura, N. Okubo, N. Ishikawa, S.A. Khan, U.B. Singh, D.K. Avasthi, K. Mitsuishi and Y. Nakayama
Critical evaluation of the synergy model for elongation of embedded nanoparticles by swift heavy ion
irradiation
International Union of Materials Research Societies, International Conference on electronic Materials 2012
(IUMRS-ICEM 2012), Yokohama, Japan (Sep. 23-28, 2012).
H. Amekura, N. Okubo, N. Ishikawa, D. Tsuya, Y. Nakayama and K. Mitsuishi
Embedded ZnO nanoparticles irradiated with swift heavy ions: Irradiation-induced formation of metal
phase and elongation
25th International Conference on Atomic Collisions in Solids (ICACS 2012), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 21-25,
2012).
H. Amekura, N. Okubo, N. Ishikawa, S.A. Khan, U.B. Singh, D.K. Avasthi, K. Mitsuishi and Y. Nakayama
Critical evaluation of the synergy model for elongation of embedded nanoparticles by swift heavy ion
irradiation
8th International Symposium on Swift Heavy Ions in Matter (SHIM 2012), Kyoto, Japan (Oct. 24-27,
2012).

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CHAPTER 9
Personnel and Committee

9.1

Personnel

9.2

Research Planning and Assessment Committee- 99 -

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JAEA-Review 2013-057

9.1

Personnel
Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator
TakeshiMaruo

Director

TetsuoIshii

Deputy Director

Yoji

Murayama

Deputy Director

Shuji

YoshinariManager of Administration Section

Masao

Sataka(Temporary Staff)

Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator
Tandem Accelerator Section (*General Manager)
Scientific Staff
AkihikoOsa*

MakotoMatsudaTechnical Staff
Shin-ichi

Abe

Nobuhiro

Ishizaki

Hidekazu

TayamaTakamitsu

Nakanoya

Hiroshi

Kabumoto

Masahiko

Nakamura

Ken-ichiKutsukake

Yoshinori

Otokawa

Takuhiro

Asozu

SusumuHanashima(Temporary Staff)

Yoshihiro

Tsukihashi(Temporary Staff)- 101 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

Department of Radiation Protection
Facility Radiation Control Section I
Katsunori

Sawahata

Teruhiko

Takahashi

Yumi

Ueno

SusumuKinaseYurikoKanekoAdvanced Science Research Center
Sadamichi

Maekawa

Director

Yuichiro

NagameDeputy Director

Tomotsugu Sawai

General Manager of Research Coordination
and Promotion Office

HiroshiIkezoe(Temporary Staff)

Advanced Science Research Center
Research Group for Reactions involving Heavy Nuclei ( * Group Leader )AndreiAndreyev*

Katsuhisa Nishio
IchiroNishinaka

Hiroyuki

Koura

YutakaUtsunoHiroyuki

Makii

KentaroHiroseSyuya

Ota(Post Doc., JSPS)

TatsuroNagayama(Student)

Eita

Maeda

(Student)

Advanced Science Research Center
Research Group for Superheavy Elements ( * Group Leader )Matthias

Schädel*Kazuaki

TsukadaMasatoAsai

Tetsuya K. Sato
AtsushiToyoshima

Kazuhiro

Ooe(Post Doc.)

Sunao

Miyashita(Post Doc.)

YusukeKaneya(Student)- 102 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

Advanced Science Research Center
Research Group for Mechanical Control of Materials and Spin Systems
SatoruOkayasu(Deputy Group Leader)

Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate
Innovative Nuclear Science Research Group ( * Group Leader )Hideo

Harada*Hideki

IimuraMitsuoKoizumiKazuyoshi Furutaka
FumitoKitatani

Shoji

Nakamura

YosukeToh

Atsushi

Kimura

Kaoru

Hara

(Senior Post Doc.)

Masumi

Oshima(Temporary Staff)

Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate
Research Group for Radiation Materials Engineering
NoritoIshikawa

Nariaki Okubo

Quantum Beam Science Directorate
Neutron Imaging and Activation Analysis Group
Yuichi

Hatsukawa- 103 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

9.2

Research Planning and Assessment Committee

Chairman

Kouichiro

Asahi(Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology)

MemberTadashiKambara(Senior Scientist, RIKEN)

Kenji

Kimura(Professor, Kyoto University)

ShigeoTomita(Associate Professor, University of Tsukuba)

Toshiaki

Kaneko(Professor, Okayama University of Science)

Hisaaki

Kudo(Professor, Niigata University)

Eiji

Ideguchi(Associate Professor, Osaka University)

HitoshiNakada(Professor, Chiba University)

Koichi

Hagino(Associate Professor, Tohoku University)

Tomotsugu Sawai(Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA)

Hideo(Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate,

Harada

JAEA)
Yuichi

Hatsukawa(Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA)

TetsuroIshii(Dep. Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator,
JAEA)

Masao

Sataka(Dep. Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator,
JAEA)

Kiichi

Hojo(Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA)

Shin-ichi

Mitsuoka(Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA)

NoritoIshikawa(Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate,

Organizer Secretary

JAEA)
MasatoAsai(Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA)

HiroshiIkezoe(Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA)- 104 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

CHAPTER 10
New Research Programs

10.1 New Research Programs Approved in the FY2012- 105 -

This is a blank page.

JAEA-Review 2013-057

10.1

New Research Programs Approved in the FY2012
Title

Spokesperson & Affiliation

1. Shape and property control of nanoparticles by swift heavy ions *Hiroshi Amekura
National Institute for Materials
Science (NIMS)

2. Application of high-aspect-ratio nanoholes formed by etching oflatent tracks for sensors *Makoto Fujimaki
National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science andTechnology (AIST)

3. Irradiation influence evaluation of FRAM based microprocessor
and consumer radio equipment for space application *4. 0-degree electron spectroscopy with fast cluster ions *Toshihiro Kameda
University of Tsukuba
Shigeo Tomita
University of Tsukuba

5. Study of microstructure formation in ion-irradiated uranium oxide
in high-fluence region

Norito Ishikawa
JAEA

6. Control of electronic and magnetic properties of heavy element
oxides by using high density electronic excitation due to swift

Akihiro Iwase
Osaka Prefecture University

heavy ions
7. Electronic excitation effects and material modifications of ceramics
by high-energy ions

Noriaki Matsunami
Nagoya University

8. Charge state evolution of swift heavy ions passing through foil
targets and charge exchange of ions passing through gas targets
9. Formation of nano-structure by high-energy heavy ions

Makoto Imai
Kyoto University
Satoru Okayasu
JAEA

10. Change in electrical conductivity and microstructure in ceramicmaterials by high-energy ion irradiation

Nariaki Okubo
JAEA

11. Fission of proton-rich nucleus in the mercury region (2)A. N. Andreyev
University of the West of
Scotland12. Effect of projectile nucleus on heavy-ion fusion reaction for new
element synthesis

Katsuhisa Nishio
JAEA

13. Synthesis of a new isotope 216U near N = 126 closed shell

Yasuo Wakabayashi
JAEA

14. Development of an on-line gas cell for laser spectroscopy of theunstable nuclides in tungsten region

Hideki Iimura
JAEA- 107 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

15. Enhancement of critical current density by hybrid effect of flux
pinning in heavy-ion irradiated high-Tc superconducting thin films

Tetsuro Sueyoshi
Kumamoto University*
16. Application of high-aspect-ratio nanoholes formed by etching oflatent tracks for sensors *Makoto Fujimaki
National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science andTechnology (AIST)

17. Atomistic structure of ion tracks in ceramic compounds irradiatedwith swift heavy ions *Kazuhiro Yasuda
Kyushu University

18. Direct observation of ion tracks in amorphous thin films using
TEM *Kenji Kimura
Kyoto University

19. Search for highly deformed states in A=30~40 nuclei *Eiji Ideguchi
Osaka University

20. Development for measurement of diffusion coefficients in Li ion
battery material using 8Li radioactive tracer *Hironobu Ishiyama
High Energy Accelerator
Research Organization (KEK)

21. Synthesis of 211At labeled compound and evaluation of DNA
damage in cancer cell for targeted radionuclide therapy
22. Production of medical radioisotopes

Shigeki Watanabe
JAEA

95m

Tc

Yuichi Hatsukawa
JAEA

23. Reduction and extraction behavior of Mo and W and developmentof a new chemistry apparatus for the redox potential measurement

Atsushi Toyoshima
JAEA

of seaborgium
24. Observation of fission mode with large mass asymmetry in iridium
isotopes

Katsuhisa Nishio
JAEA

25. Measurement of neutron capture cross sections using a surrogate
reaction

Hiroyuki Makii
JAEA

22

26

22

25

26. Measurement of branching ratio of Ne(α,γ) Mg / Ne(α,n) Mg
reactions (2)Shuya Ota
JAEA

27. Measurement of ionization potential of Lr by surface ionization
method (II)Tetsuya K. Sato
JAEA

28. Projects not intended for public disclosure, [2012ADC1] *29. Development of the accelerator system and the inventive ion beam
application

Makoto Matsuda
JAEA- 108 -

JAEA-Review 2013-057

30. Study of delayed-neutron yields for accurate evaluation of kinetics
of high-burnup reactors **Katsuhisa Nishio
JAEA* Approved as a Common Use Program of JAEA.
** Approved as a JST Innovative Nuclear Research and Development Program entrusted to JAEA.

- 109 -

This is a blank page.

国際単位系（SI）
表１．SI 基本単位
SI 基本単位

基本量

名称
記号
長
さメ ートル m
質
量 キログラム kg
時
間
秒
s
電
流ア ンペア A
熱力学温度 ケ ル ビ ン K
物 質 量モル mol
光度 カ ン デ ラ cd

表２．基本単位を用いて表されるSI組立単位の例
SI 基本単位
組立量
名称
記号
面
積 平方メートルm2
体
積 立法メートルm3
速 さ ， 速 度 メートル毎秒m/s
加速度 メートル毎秒毎秒
m/s2
波
数 毎メートルm-1
密 度 ， 質 量 密 度 キログラム毎立方メートル
kg/m3
面
積
密
度 キログラム毎平方メートル
kg/m2
比
体
積 立方メートル毎キログラム
電流
密
度 アンペア毎平方メートル
磁 界 の 強 さ アンペア毎メートル
量 濃 度 (a) ， 濃 度 モル毎立方メートル
質量
濃度 キログラム毎立法メートル
輝
度 カンデラ毎平方メートル屈折率 (b) （数字の） １
比 透 磁 率 (b) （数字の） １

乗数
24

10
1021
1018
1015
1012
109
106
103

3

m /kg
A/m2
A/m
mol/m3
kg/m3
cd/m2
1
1

102
101

表５．SI 接頭語
記号 乗数
接頭語
Ｙ
シ
10-1 デ

ゼ
タ
エ ク サ

Ｚ
Ｅ

10-2

ペ
テ

タ
ラ

Ｐ
Ｔ

ギ
メ

ガ
ガ

Ｇ
Ｍ

マイクロ
ノ
10-9 ナコ
10-12 ピ
10-15 フェムト

キ
ロ
ヘ ク ト
デ
カ

ｋ
ｈ
da

10-3
10-6

記号

セ ン チ
ミ
リ

ト
10-18 ア
10-21 ゼ プ ト
10-24 ヨ ク ト

d

c
m
µ
n
p
f
a
z
y

表６．SIに属さないが、SIと併用される単位
名称
記号
SI 単位による値
分
min 1 min=60s
時
h 1h =60 min=3600 s（a）量濃度（amount concentration）は臨床化学の分野では物質濃度（substance concentration）ともよばれる。
（b）これらは無次元量あるいは次元１をもつ量であるが、そのことを表す単位記号である数字の１は通常は表記しない。

d
°
’

日
度
分

表３．固有の名称と記号で表されるSI組立単位
SI 組立単位
組立量
他のSI単位による SI基本単位による
名称
記号
表し方
表し方
（ｂ）
平
面
角 ラジアン(ｂ)
rad
m/m
1
（ｂ）
(ｂ)
(c)
2/ 2
立
体
角 ステラジアン
sr
1
m m
周
波
数 ヘルツ（ｄ）
Hz
s-1
力
ニュートン
N
m kg s-2
圧力
応
力 パスカル,Pa
m-1 kg s-2
N/m2
エ ネ ル ギ ー , 仕 事 , 熱 量 ジュールJNm
m2 kg s-2
仕 事 率 ， 工 率 ， 放 射 束 ワット
WJ/s
m2 kg s-3
電
荷
電気量 クーロン,
CsA
電 位 差 （ 電 圧 ） , 起 電 力 ボルト
VW/A
m2 kg s-3 A-1
静電
容量 ファラドF
C/V
m-2 kg-1 s4 A2
電
気
抵
抗 オーム
Ω
V/A
m2 kg s-3 A-2
コ ン ダ ク タ ン ス ジーメンス
S
A/V
m-2 kg-1 s3 A2
磁
束 ウエーバWb
Vs
m2 kg s-2 A-1
磁
束
密
度 テスラ
T
kg s-2 A-1
Wb/m2
イ ン ダ ク タ ン ス ヘンリーH
Wb/A
m2 kg s-2 A-2
セ ル シ ウ ス 温 度 セルシウス度(ｅ)℃K
光
束 ルーメンlm
cd
cd sr(c)照度 ルクスlx
m-2 cdlm/m2
Bqs-1
放 射 性 核 種 の 放 射 能 （ ｆ ） ベクレル（ｄ）
吸収線量, 比エネルギー分与,
グレイ
Gy
J/kg
m2 s-2カーマ
線量当量, 周辺線量当量, 方向
Sv
J/kg
m2 s-2シーベルト（ｇ）
性線量当量, 個人線量当量酸素
活性 カタールkat
s-1 mol

1 d=24 h=86 400 s
1°=(π/180) rad1’=(1/60)°=(π/10800) rad”1”=(1/60)’=(π/648000) radha 1ha=1hm2=104m2
L，l 1L=11=1dm3=103cm3=10-3m3t
1t=103 kg

秒
ヘクタール
リットル
トン

表７．SIに属さないが、SIと併用される単位で、SI単位で表される数値が実験的に得られるもの
名称
記号
SI 単位で表される数値
電 子 ボ ル ト
ダ ル ト ン
統一原子質量単位

eV
Da
u

天

ua

文

単

位

1eV=1.602 176 53(14)×10-19J

1Da=1.660 538 86(28)×10-27kg
1u=1 Da1ua=1.495 978 706 91(6)×1011m

表８．SIに属さないが、SIと併用されるその他の単位
名称
記号
SI 単位で表される数値
バー
ル bar １bar=0.1MPa=100kPa=105Pa
水銀柱ミリメートル mmHg 1mmHg=133.322Pa(a)SI接頭語は固有の名称と記号を持つ組立単位と組み合わせても使用できる。しかし接頭語を付した単位はもはや
コヒーレントではない。
(b)ラジアンとステラジアンは数字の１に対する単位の特別な名称で、量についての情報をつたえるために使われる。
実際には、使用する時には記号rad及びsrが用いられるが、習慣として組立単位としての記号である数字の１は明示されない。
(c)測光学ではステラジアンという名称と記号srを単位の表し方の中に、そのまま維持している。
(d)ヘルツは周期現象についてのみ、ベクレルは放射性核種の統計的過程についてのみ使用される。
(e)セルシウス度はケルビンの特別な名称で、セルシウス温度を表すために使用される。セルシウス度とケルビンの単位の大きさは同一である。したがって、温度差や温度間隔を表す数値はどちらの単位で表しても同じである。
(f)放射性核種の放射能（activity referred to a radionuclide）は、しばしば誤った用語で”radioactivity”と記される。
(g)単位シーベルト（PV,2002,70,205）についてはCIPM勧告2（CI-2002）を参照。

表４．単位の中に固有の名称と記号を含むSI組立単位の例
SI 組立単位
組立量
SI 基本単位による
名称
記号
表し方
-1
粘
度 パスカル秒
Pa s
m kg s-1
力 の モ ー メ ン ト ニュートンメートル
Nm
m2 kg s-2
表面
張力 ニュートン毎メートル
N/m
kg s-2角
速度 ラジアン毎秒
rad/s
m m-1 s-1=s-1
角
加速度 ラジアン毎秒毎秒
rad/s2
m m-1 s-2=s-2
熱 流 密 度 , 放 射 照 度 ワット毎平方メートル
W/m2
kg s-3
熱 容 量 , エ ン ト ロ ピ ー ジュール毎ケルビン
J/K
m2 kg s-2 K-1
比 熱 容 量 ， 比 エ ン ト ロ ピ ー ジュール毎キログラム毎ケルビン J/(kg K)
m2 s-2 K-1
比 エ ネ ルギ ー ジュール毎キログラム
J/kg
m2 s-2
熱伝
導率 ワット毎メートル毎ケルビン W/(m K) m kg s-3 K-1
体 積 エ ネ ル ギ ー ジュール毎立方メートル J/m3
m-1 kg s-2
電界の強さ ボルト毎メートル
V/m
m kg s-3 A-1
電荷密
度 クーロン毎立方メートル C/m3
m-3 sA
表面
電
荷 クーロン毎平方メートル C/m2
m-2 sA
電 束 密 度 ， 電 気 変 位 クーロン毎平方メートル C/m2
m-2 sA誘
電率 ファラド毎メートル
F/m
m-3 kg-1 s4 A2
透磁率 ヘンリー毎メートル
H/m
m kg s-2 A-2
モ ル エ ネ ル ギ ー ジュール毎モル
J/mol
m2 kg s-2 mol-1
モルエントロピー, モル熱容量 ジュール毎モル毎ケルビン J/(mol K) m2 kg s-2 K-1 mol-1
照 射 線 量 （ Ｘ 線 及 び γ 線 ） クーロン毎キログラム
C/kg
kg-1 sA
吸収線
量率 グレイ毎秒
Gy/s
m2 s-3放射
強度 ワット毎ステラジアン
W/srm4 m-2 kg s-3=m2 kg s-3
放射輝
度 ワット毎平方メートル毎ステラジアン W/(m2 sr) m2 m-2 kg s-3=kg s-3
酵 素 活 性濃 度 カタール毎立方メートル kat/m3
m-3 s-1 mol

接頭語
ヨ
タ

オングストローム
海
里
バ
ー
ン

Å
Ｍ

１Å=0.1nm=100pm=10-10m
１M=1852m

b

ノ
ネ
ベ

ト
パ
ル

kn
Np
Ｂ

１b=100fm2=(10-12cm)2=10-28m2
１kn=(1852/3600)m/s

ル

dB

ッ
ー

デ

ジ

ベ

SI単位との数値的な関係は、対数量の定義に依存。

エ

表９．固有の名称をもつCGS組立単位
名称
記号
SI 単位で表される数値
ル
グ erg 1 erg=10-7 J

ダ
ポ

イ
ア

ス
ス

ト ー ク
チ
ル

フ
ガ

ォ

ン dyn 1 dyn=10-5N
ズ P 1 P=1 dyn s cm-2=0.1Pa s
ス St 1 St =1cm2 s-1=10-4m2 s-1
ブ sb 1 sb =1cd cm-2=104cd m-2
ト ph 1 ph=1cd sr cm-2 104lx
ル Gal 1 Gal =1cm s-2=10-2ms-2

マ ク ス ウ ｪ ルガ
ウス
エルステッド（ ｃ）

Mx
G
Oe

1 Mx = 1G cm2=10-8Wb

1 G =1Mx cm-2 =10-4T
1 Oe (103/4π)A m-1（c）３元系のCGS単位系とSIでは直接比較できないため、等号「は対応関係を示すものである。

キ
レ
ラ

名称
ュ
リ
ン

レ
ガ

ト

表10．SIに属さないその他の単位の例
記号
SI 単位で表される数値
ー Ci 1 Ci=3.7×1010Bq

ゲ

ン

ン R
ド rad
ム rem
マ γ

1 R = 2.58×10-4C/kg

1 rad=1cGy=10-2Gy
1 rem=1 cSv=10-2Sv
1γ=1 nT=10-9T

1フェルミ=1 fm=10-15m

フェルミ
メートル系カラット

1メートル系カラット = 200 mg = 2×10-4kg

気

ル Torr 1 Torr = (101 325/760) Pa
圧 atm 1 atm = 101 325 Pa

ロ

リ

ー

cal

ク

ロ

ン

µ

ト
標

準

カ
ミ

大

」

1cal=4.1858J（｢15℃｣カロリー），4.1868J（｢IT｣カロリー）4.184J（｢熱化学｣カロリー）

1 µ =1µm=10-6m（第8版，2006年改訂）

この印刷物は再生紙を使用しています