Spatial Information Science using FOSS4G
orGeoinformatics using FOSS4G
Venkatesh Raghavan

raghavan@media-osaka-cu.ac.jp

FOSS4G = Free & Open Source Solutions for Geoinformatics

Agenda1. A bit of the past
2. About spatial data
3. About FOSS4G and OSGeo
4. Activities and initiatives
5. Into the future
6. Q&A

2

Dr. John Snowand the 1854 Cholera outbreak in London's Broad Street region

Dr John Snow is known as the ‘father ofmodern epidemiology’ and the ‘father ofGIS’ because of the famous case of the 1854
Cholera outbreak in London’s Broad Streetregion.

Source: John Snow Inc. www.jsi.com

In the 1850s, cholera was very poorly
understood and massive outbreaks were acommon occurrence in major industrial
cities. An outbreak in London in 1854 in theSoho district was typical of the time, and thedeaths it caused are shown in the map on
the right.
Text source: Longley et al (2005) Geographic Information
Systems and Science. 2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
(Chapter 14, pages 317-319)

Source: UCLA http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/snowmap1_1854_lge.htm

Evolution from Geographic Information Systems to Spatial Information Serv

MiniMainframe

MiniMainframeWorkstation

Mini-frame
UNIX Workstation
Workstation PC
Desktop PC

1960’s1970’s1980’s1990’sPrototypes

Odyssey

GRASS
Arc/Info
Intergraph

Arc/Info
ArcView
MapInfo
GRASS
Idrisi

Mainframe

Time

UNIX Workstation
Clo
Workstation PC
SNS
Desktop PC
Sen
Web GIS2005 201
Gmap
ArcGIS OpenLayers
GRASS

2000’sGIS Growth
Web Services

Ubiquitous GIS

Time

2000s

R&D End-User

Internet &Data

1990s

Domain Expert

PC Desktop

1980s

GIS Expert

Workstation

CS
Mainframe

1970s+User Base+SPATIAL DATA and
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Spatial Data:
Data that are tied to a location
If data can be mapped, they are spatial
Geographic Information:
Information that is tied to location on EarthIf information can be mapped, it is geographic

SPATIAL DATA
Crimes during 2011
DateLocation
22-Jan123 James St.
24-Jan22 Smith St.
10-Feb
9 Elm St. #4A
13-Feb
12 Fifth Avenue
14-Feb
17 Del PlayaType
Robbery
BurglaryAssault
Breaking and Entering
Drunk and Disorderly

NON-SPATIAL DATA
For example, a person’s height, weight, and age are non-spatial data because theyare independent of the person’s location.

SPATIAL DATA andGEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Four Dimensions of spatial data andgeographic information:
x, y, z, (long, lat, elev.) and time
x, y, z are coordinatesTHE FEATURE MODEL
Divides a mapped landscape into
points, lines, or areas (polygons)

Vector and Raster Data Model for Line Map Featur

Map Feature

GIS Vector
FormatGIS Raster
FormatVector and Raster Data Model for Area Map Featu

Map Feature

GIS Vector
FormatGIS Raster
FormatCreating a GIS DB
Layers of Information
Land CoverPrecipitation
Vegetation
Rock TypeElevation

Land Surface FoA GIS consists of:Geographic features (map)Attributes (database)

A computer-based link between the two: The Geo-relational ModelImages
Image
Processing
SystemPaper Maps
Map
Digitizing
SystemStatistica
Reports
StatisticalAnalysis
SystemSpatial Attribute
Data
Data

Algorithms

GIS
System

Database
Management
SystemGeographic
Analysis
SystemCartographic
Display System

Projection

GeospaQuery

FOSS4G Ecosystem for Open Education & Researc

Open Source Software
Open Data andOpen Standard
leading toOpen Innovation!!

The big picture of Open Spatial Information Science

Open Standards

Open Data+FOSS4G

Ten years ago in 2004!

FOSS/GRASS User Conference in Bangkok, Thailand

FOSS4G is now a worldwide phenomenon

Home Brewed atJapan, Korea, India, Malaysia, The Philippines, Sri Lanka…and Asia

Current Needs in Open Geo-Learnin
•

•••

•

•

•

Easy access to geospatial tools
Affordable and Stable solutions
Open Geospatial Data
Localization and Customization
Standards support (data sharing)Text-books, training material, e-learning
Professional certification for Trainers & Learner

Why FOSS4G?
••••

•

•

•

Easily accessible
Affordable & Stable
Vibrant communities
InnovativeFull Standards support
Backed by OSGeo worldwide
University Network worldwide

OSGeo's Mission Statement
International Open Source Geospational Foundation
established in 2006
“To support the development of open source geospatial
software, and promote its widespread use.”
FDO
MapGuide Open Source

MapBuilder
GRASS

osgeo.jp
osgeo.inosgeo.kr
osgeo.cn ….

Ready for any Classroo

live.osgeo.org
web mapping
MapServer

Quantum GIS
MapServer
MapNikdeegree

GeoMajas

MapFishGeoServer

Mapbender
pycsw

metadatauDig

Geopublisher

gvSIG

desktop

KOSMO

OpenStreetMap
MapGuide OSOpenLayers

OSSIM

GRASS GIS

deegree GIS

ZOO ProjectViking

Quantum GIS

GeoNetworkGMTFDO
GeoTools

MetaCRSGDAL/O

GeoKettle

SpatGEOS

PostGISlibraries

FOSS4G Community Activities in Japan• We have many local activities including– Annual Conferences– Seminars, hands-on training– Homepages– wiki pages– Mailing lists– Localization– Special Interest Group @ GIS Academy Japan– twitter, facebook– Mapping parties, beer parties …

all for Japan in Japanese（日本語） 1994-2003• Learning to play with FOSS4G tools (1994-1998)• Landslide hazard mapping (1994)• 3D Geological Modeling using GRASS GIS ( 1997~)• Web-GIS GRASSLinks Linux port at OCU (1998-2003)• Designed a GIS Internet Course at OCU (1999-2000)
http://www.sci.osaka-cu.ac.jp/~masumoto/vuniv99/
http://www.sci.osaka-cu.ac.jp/~masumoto/vuniv2000/

•

GRASS-GIS and MapServer (Web-GIS) I18n and L10n (Orkney Inc. and OCU)

GRASS/MapServer I18N

Recent Projects• JSPS Project ”Urban Transformation and Sustainability ofRed River Basin in Vietnam based on Water Environment
Monitoring”, Led by Dr. Yonezawa• MEXT Project “Construction of Assessment System forEnvironmental Degradation Using Satellite Data and Global
Map”, OCU Team led by Raghavan• MOET Project, Vietnam Project “Developing Research
Capacity for Assessing Typical Environmental Changes for
Sustainable Development of Major River Basins in Vietnam”
Led by Dr. Luan at HUMG, Vietnam

Tasks• Developing geoenvironmental database• Integrate, analyze, validate geoprocessing andgeostatistical algorithms• Preparation of thematic maps
• Urbanization and Environmental Studies• Outreach (Capacity building)Project 2: Construction of Assessment Systemfor Environmental Degradation Using Satellite
Data and Global Map

Human resources
development
Tutorial
E-Learning
Workshop

Improvement of GIS
and field survey tools

Thematic map
Generation

Assessment &monitoring ofenvironmental
degradation using
satellite data

Outreach

Facilitate of image
processing

Facilitation ofadvanced analy

Interoperability & SSystemDevelopment

Project 2: Construction of Assessment System for Environmental
Degradation Using Satellite Data and Global Map
Development of Open Source toolkit for assessment andmonitoring for environmental degradation○Global map data

Assessment
system forenvironmental
degradation○Map of assessmen
Environmental
degradation• Overlay analysis○Environmental
degradation data

• Geostatistics• Geoprocessing• etc…

○Landuse data

○Impact assessmen

Recent Student Research
URBAN EXPANSION, LAND COVER CHANGE
AND IMPACT ON FLOOD INUNDATIONIN CAN THO CITY, VIETNAM

PHAM THI MAI THY
Hochiminh City Institute of Resources Geography
Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology

RESULTS - Urban expansion
1989

2002

1997

2007

33

Watershed A (Ninh Kieu District)
Landcover change map

Landcover change
classification

Area(ha)Dry vegetation →14.49
Built-up

4Bare → Built-up

6.18

1

Built-up → Dryvegetation

5.46

1

Dry vegetation →Water bodies

2.88

OthersTOTAL OFCHANGED AREA

2.66
31.67

1

Watershed A (Ninh Kieu District)

DEM, flow accumulation lines

Urban flood Inundation

35

Watershed B (Cai Rang District)
Landcover change map

Landcover change
classification

Area(ha)

%

32.50

35.8

28.15

31.0

6.84

7.6

Water bodies → Dryvegetation

6.26

6.9

Others

16.96

18.7

TOTAL OF CHANGED
AREA

90.71

100

Dry vegetation →Built-up
Dry vegetation →BareBare →Dry vegetation

36

Watershed B (Cai Rang District)

DEM, accumulation and inundation maps37

A high-resolution water vapor monitoring
system using a dense network oflow-cost GNSS receivers

GPS receivers
Geodetic (dual-frequency)
receiver: JAVAD

FURUN~ 25,000 USD
Mid-cost single-frequency
receiver: FURUNO~ 6,000 USD

u-blox
JAVAD

Low-cost single-frequency
receiver: u-blox~ 600 USD

(raw data logger prototy
built at Osaka City Unive

PWV estimation by high elevation satellites

PWV horizontal distribution
using GPS satellites above
10° [mm]

PWV horizontal distribution
using GPS satellites above
60° [mm]

2. SOIL-LANDSCAPE MODEL
Conceptual Basis:(1)Soil and landscape co-evolve and areclosely interrelated, consequently, similar soilregimes occur within similar landscape units.
(2)The site-specific combination of soil
forming environment creates a unique niche
where certain soil types are formed.

4

1. Objective
1.1 What is soil depth?
Soil depth, often referred to in geotechnics as “Regolith thickness”, isdefined as the depth from the surface to underlying bedrock.
Soil depth

Soil depth in landscapes influences
vegetation growth and hydro-mechanicalresponses of the slopes(Fuhlendorf and Smeins,1998; Bertoldi,2004;
DeRose et al.,1991)
bedrock2. SOIL-LANDSCAPE MODEL
Data Mini

Neural Network
Local Expertise

Case-Based Reasoning

Relationships between Soil andIts Environment

The Geomatics-based Model
Spatial Distribution= f (E)
PerceivedasSimilarity MapsS

Inferenceclimate(Cl),organic(Og),
topography(parentmaterial(PmCl, Pm, Og, Tp
GIS

4. IMPLEMENTATION(3) Landform Classification
ridge,slope shoulder,backslope,slope foot,ValleyLaoCai,Vietnam

44

Soil Property Mapping
Suoi Rat Catchment, Binh Phuoc, Vietnam

Validation
Suoi Rat catchment, Binh Phuoc, Vietnam

RMSE: 10.87
STD: 12.47

46

“Community based disaster mitigation using FOSS4

Visibility on local disaster risks with WebGIS• Establishment of database on regional disaster risks– Anticipated hazards data in Osaka by national agency– Disaster response facility (evacuation sites & medical agency etc.)– Data on local community (population census & vulnerable people etc. )→ Overlaying of multiple data with Google Earth and Web GIS• Disaster risk checking interface– Tablet Terminals installed GPS for Town Walking on Risk Check
Seismic Intensity Map of Uemachi
Earthquake on Google Map

Routing of fire fighters to disaster swith WebGIS

Designated localityof residence
Input data:
Building type
Building ages

The three shortest
possible way toevacuation area

Number of building floors
Living floor

Self Checking on Risks

Result of evaluation

Set up by Dr. Nemoto and Dr. Yoshida

Visualization of local disaster rwith WebGIS

Self Cheking on Risks

Checking up disaster risks
with Web GIS

Town Walking

Hazard Map

TabletTerminal

Learning through Town Walking
・ Confirmation of evacuation facilities
・ Tsunami evacuation buildings
・ Road signage for evacuation
・ Ground altitude and Flooding area
・ Ground Properties (soft foundation & Liquefaction)
・ Groundwater wells and Groundwater level・ Hazards along streets (weak block wall, narrow roads, aging houses)

“Geopaparazzi”

FOSS4G for Android devices
Customization

Hazard map for community

mapping
Connection&synchronizing

to Google Earth

Input/output

Offline map
MapForge site

https://code.google.com/p/mapsforge/
Original maps are also available

Hazard map for communit

Geopaparazzi
Main menu
Text

Photo Voice Sketch

GPS Logging

Export of Geopaparazzi dato Google Earth

Overlapping of risk information
With Google Earth

Open Geo-Learning Initiatives• 「オープンソースGISと利用促進オープンシステムの研究」 (平成２１年

OSGeo4W (FOSS4G Stack for Windows– Enhancement/Localization/Customization• funded by JST (Japan Science & Technology Agency)

Open Geo-Learning Initiatives• 「FOSS4Gを活用した衛星データの利用のためのオープン・リソースの構築」 (平成２１年度～平成２３年)
QGIS & GRASS– Enhancement, localization, customization– Japanese tutorial documents & e-learning contents• funded by MEXT （Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science & Technology）

Open Geo-Learning Initiative• 「衛星データと地球地図を用いた環境劣化評価システムの構築」(平成２４年度～平成２６年)
Environmental Mapping Using FOSS4G & Open Data
– Open Data support, Enhancement, Localization, Customization ofGRASS, QGIS and Geopaparazzi– Training documents, e-learning, International outreach– funded by MEXT （Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, ScienceTechnology）

ICA-OSGeo Labs Network

As of today More than 90 Geo4All Labs Worldwid

GIS-IDEAS International Conference since 200

FOSS4G 2015 and beyond
Moving Ahead from A(wareness) to B(elow)•Brain-Power (New ideas, Students)•Better Data
•Buck$ (Research Funding)•Bug-fixes•Brotherhood (collaborations and more collaborations…)•(Post) Bachelor Course in SIS in Englis

2015 and beyond

More Open Data & Improved Open Standards•Crowd Sourcing data
•Citizen Science•Internet of Things (Open Hardware)•Open Monozukuri (3D printers/cutters)•Augmented Reality•Optimization of Geoprocessing Algorithms•………………………

Lastly,
FOSS4G is never about 「無料」 andalways about 「自由」

Providing the Freedom to use, change, improveand share FOSS4G, costs time, effort anmoney.

Free as aSIS can be fun with FOSS4G!