Region Region
SpecificSpecific

Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes

Region Region
SpecificSpecific

Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes

OVERVIEW
CulturalCultural
Attributves
Attributves

Categories │ 分類

CulturalCultural
Attributes
Attributes

40（%） 40（%）
3535

Ambiguity
Ambiguity
CulturalCultural
Attributves
Attributves40（%） 40（%）
3535

The top 4 highest ranking cities in the GPCI-2021
30

201515‘No Image’ was in the top three most responded
Places andPlaces andLandmarks
Landmarks

Sociopolitical
Sociopoliticalwords
for these six cities.
Attributes
Attributes

302525202040（%） 1535
1015

Cultural Attributves

highest responses. For cities
ranking#5 to #10 in101055
the GPCI-2021, the city image
wasless well known.

30

Ambiguity
Ambiguity

were no words linked to Ambiguity in the top 10
20

SINGAPORE
City Environment40（%） 40（%）
3535

30

City Environment
City Environment
Ambiguity
have
theAmbiguity
strongest city image.
25 For
25 these cities, there

30

Ambiguity

City Environment
City Environment

1055

City Environment

20

Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes

Ambiguity
Ambiguity
Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
AttributesAttributes

25

Places andPlaces andLandmarks
Landmarks

1525

City Environment
City Environment

4015%
3510305254015%3510305252020

City Environment
City Environment

Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes

30
5305252525

2020

20

15

15

15

101010555

Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes

530

30

2525

Places andPlaces andLandmarks
Landmarks

40（%）
40（%）
15153535101030
30
5525
25

Ambiguity
Ambiguity

Environment
City Environment
City City
Environment
Places andPlaces andLandmarks
Landmarks

Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes
Ambiguity
Ambiguity
Ambiguity
Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes

Region Region
SpecificSpecific

City Environment
City Environment

2020
CulturalCultural
Attributes
Attributes

20151540（%）
40（%）
40（%）
353535101030

Ambiguity
Ambiguity

AMSTERDAM
Cultural Attributes

CulturalCulturalAttributes
Attributes
CulturalAttributes

Ambiguity
Ambiguity
Ambiguity

10

GPCI- 2021のトップ 4 都市は、強い都市のイメージを

30

25

2020
CulturalCultural
Attributes
Attributes

CulturalCultural
Attributes
Attributes

LONDONCity Environment

3040（%） 40（%）
3535

City Environment
City Environment

20CulturalCultural
Attributes
Attributes
CulturalAttributes

Places andPlaces andLandmarks
Landmarks

151540（%）
40 % 40（%）
353535101030305305252525202020151515101010555

Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes

Environment
City Environment
City City
Environment
Places andPlaces andLandmarks
Landmarks
Region Region
SpecificSpecific有していることが分かった。それらの都市については、
ト ッ プ 10 の キ ー ワ ード の 中 に、認 知 の 曖 昧 性
Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes（ Ambiguity）に分類されるキーワードは含まれていな
Region Region
SpecificSpecificPlaces andLandmarks

Sociopolitical
AttributesRegion Region
SpecificSpecific

Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes

PlacesPlaces andPlacesand andLandmarks
Landmarks
Landmarks

PlacesPlaces andPlacesand andLandmarks
Landmarks
Landmarks

Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes
Attributes
Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes

Region Region
SpecificSpecific

Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes
Attributes
Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes

Region Region
SpecificSpecific

Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes
Economic
Attributes

RegionRegion
SpecificSpecificRegionSpecific

Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes
Economic
Attributes

RegionRegionSpecificSpecificRegion
Specific

かった。GPCI-2021で5位から10位の都市については、上位都市よりも都市のイメージの認知度は低かった。
それらの 6 都市については、トップ 3 のキーワードの中に「イメージなし」が含まれている。

Highest Ranking Categories
The 100 top words for each target city were grouped into 7 word categories.
対象都市のトップ 100 キーワードを、以下の 7 つカテゴリーに分類した。
1. Cultural Attributes 文化
CulturalAttributes
Attributes
CulturalAttributves- Local food, films, sports, clothing
andCultural
traditions
40（%） 40（%）40（%）
その地域の食べ物、映画、スポーツ、衣装、伝統など
353535
2. City Environment 都市環境
303030- Adjectives
andnouns about the city space
EnvironmentCity Environment
City CityEnvironment
Ambiguity
Ambiguity
Ambiguity
252525
都市空間に関する名詞や形容詞
2020203. Places and Landmarks 名所およびランドマーク
15 and 15- Famous places and neighborhoods,15travel
tourism related words
1010
有名な場所や地域、旅行や観光に関連する言葉
10
4. Region Specific 地域固有555
- Region and country names, region specific adjectives
地域名・国名、地域特有の形容詞
PlacesPlaces andPlacesand andSociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
5. Economic
Attributes 経済的側面
Landmarks
Landmarks
Landmarks
Attributes
Attributes
Attributes- Adjectives
about economic power, glamor and technological advancement
経済力、魅力、技術的進歩を形容する言葉
6. Sociopolitical Attributes 社会的・政治的側面- Historic events and figures, politically related words such as “democratic”
歴史上の出来事や人物、「民主的」といった政治に関連する言葉
7. Ambiguity 認知の曖昧性
RegionRegionSpecificSpecificRegionSpecific- Responsesof “noimage”
andgeneral responses
suchas“ok”and“nice”
Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes
Economic
Attributes「イメージなし」の回答と「OK」、「いいね」などの一般的な回答

Region Specific

Economic Attributes

CulturalCultural
Attributes
Attributes
BERLIN40（%） 40（%）
3535
Region Specific

NEW YORKCity Environment

Ambiguity
Ambiguity40（%） 40（%）40（%）
3535353030302525

25

202020151540（%）
35
101015

Cultural Attributes

30
5Ambiguity

55

Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes
Attributes

Ambiguity
Ambiguity

30

30

25

25

PlacesPlaces andPlacesand andLandmarks
Landmarks
Landmarks

20Cultural
20 Attributes
CulturalAttributes
CulturalAttributes

Ambiguity
Ambiguity
Ambiguity
Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes

40（%）
15 40（%）
15 40（%）
3535
35101030
30
30
5525
25
25202020151515101010

555

Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes
Attributes
Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes

Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes
Attributes

Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes
Economic
Attributes

30
52525

2020

20151515101010555

Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes

Places andLandmarks
RegionRegion
SpecificSpecificRegionSpecificRegion Specific

30

30

2525

Places andPlaces andLandmarks
Landmarks

Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes

20151540（%）
35
101015

Cultural Attributes

Ambiguity
PlacesPlaces andPlacesand andLandmarks
Landmarks
Landmarks

Region Region
SpecificSpecific3052520

Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes
Attributes
Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes

15105Region
RegionSpecificSpecificRegionSpecific

Sociopolitical
Attributes
Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes
Economic
Attributes

Environment
City Environment
City City
Environment
PlacesPlaces andPlaces
and andLandmarks
Landmarks
Landmarks

Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes
Ambiguity
Ambiguity
Ambiguity
Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes
Attributes

Region Region
SpecificSpecific

Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes
Economic
Attributes

RegionRegionSpecificSpecificRegionSpecificAmbiguity
Ambiguity

1053030252520
Cultural Attributes

Environment
City Environment
City City
Environment

Ambiguity40（%） 1535
1030
525

City Environment
PlacesPlaces andPlacesand andLandmarks
Landmarks
Landmarks

Region Region
SpecificSpecific

Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes
Ambiguity

30
530
530
525

25

25

202020151515101010555

Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes

Environment
City Environment
City City
Environment
PlacesPlaces andPlacesand andLandmarks
Landmarks
Landmarks
Region Region
SpecificSpecificPlacesPlaces andPlacesand andLandmarks
Landmarks
Landmarks

Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes
Economic
Attributes

RegionRegion
SpecificSpecificRegionSpecificAmbiguity
Ambiguity

3030252520
Cultural Attributes

1510City Environment

Ambiguity40（%） 1535
1030
525

City Environment
City Environment

2015
105

City Environment

20

Places andPlaces andLandmarks
Landmarks

Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes

Places andLandmarks
Region Region
SpecificSpecificPlaces andPlaces andLandmarks
Landmarks

15105

City Environment

1510

Places andPlaces andLandmarks
Landmarks151515 40（%）
40（%）
40（%）
353535101010SHANGHAI
Region Specific

City Environment
City Environment

20

Sociopolitical
Attributes

Environment
City Environment
City City
Environment

2040（%） 40（%）
35351540（%）
35
1025

20

CulturalCultural
Attributes
Attributes

Cultural Attributes

30
5City Environment
City Environment

RegionRegionSpecificSpecificRegionSpecific

20

Places andPlaces andLandmarks
Landmarks

25

Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes
Attributes
Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes
Economic
Attributes

20530

25

CulturalCulturalAttributes
Attributes
CulturalAttributes

Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes

CulturalCultural
Attributes
Attributes

City Environment
City Environment

2020Ambiguity
Ambiguity
Ambiguity40（%） 40（%）
353540（%）
15 40（%）
15 40（%）
3535351010303030
55252525

Ambiguity
Ambiguity
Ambiguity

Places andPlaces andLandmarks
Landmarks

PlacesPlaces andPlacesand andLandmarks
Landmarks
Landmarks

MADRID
Cultural Attributes

3040（%）
40（%）
40（%）
1515353535101030
30
30
5525
25
25
20Region
RegionSpecificSpecificRegionSpecific

20Cultural
20 Attributes
CulturalAttributes
CulturalAttributes

Environment
City Environment
City City
Environment

Environment
City Environment
City City
EnvironmentSociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes
Attributes
Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes
Economic
Attributes

5630
52540（%） 40（%）
3535

Ambiguity
Ambiguity2030
540（%） 40（%）
3535

Ambiguity
Ambiguity

20

CulturalCultural
Attributes
Attributes

2020
CulturalCulturalAttributes
Attributes
CulturalAttributes

151515 40（%）
40（%）
40（%）
35
35
35
101010

Ambiguity
Ambiguity
Ambiguity

CulturalCultural
Attributes
Attributes

City Environment
City Environment

City Environment
City Environment

CulturalCulturalAttributes
Attributes
CulturalAttributes

5CulturalCultural
Attributes
Attributes
40 %35

City Environment

10PARIS
Places and Landmarks

40 %35

Ambiguity
Ambiguity
Ambiguity
Sociopolitical
Sociopolitical
Attributes
Attributes

15

Sociopolitical
Attributes
Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes
Economic
Attributes

2540（%）
40 % 40（%）
1515353535
1010303030
552525252020

Economic Attributes

TOKYORegion Specific

Environment
City Environment
City City
Environment

102530252020CulturalCulturalAttributes
Attributes
CulturalAttributes

CulturalCulturalAttributes
Attributes
CulturalAttributes

Ambiguity
Ambiguity
Ambiguity

30SEOUL
Region SpecificPlaces andLandmarks

Sociopolitical
Attributes
Economic
Economic
Attributes
Attributes

Region Region
SpecificSpecific5

Places andLandmarks
RegionRegionSpecificSpecificRegionSpecific

Sociopolitical
Attributes
Economic Attributes

Places andLandmarks
Region Specific

Economic Attributes

Region Specific7