IODP Proposal Cover Sheet932 - Full

Hellenic Arc Volcanic Field

Received for: 2019-04-01

Title

Volcanism and tectonics in an island-arc rift environment (VolTecArc): Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo marine
volcanic field, Greece

Proponents

Timothy Druitt, Christian Hübscher, Paraskevi Nomikou, Steffen Kutterolf, Dimitrios Papanikolaou, Jan
Behrmann, Philipp Brandl, Ralf Gertisser, Jörg Geldmacher, Emilie Hooft, Stephanos Kilias, Martijn Klaver,Costas Papazachos, Raphael Paris, Paraskevi Polymenakou, David Pyle, Christopher Satow, Masako
Tominaga, Maria Triantaphyllou, Aradhna Tripati

Keywords

Volcanism, tectonics, arc, rift, caldera

Proponent
Affiliation
Country

Area

Hellenic island arc

Proponent Information
Timothy Druitt
University Clermont-Auvergne
France✓⃞ Permission is granted to post the coversheet/site table on www.iodp.org

Abstract
Subduction-related volcanism impacts life and the environment around the edges of continents. Better understanding of
island-arc volcanism and associated hazards requires study of the processes that drive such volcanism, and how thevolcanoes interact with their marine surroundings. What are the links and feedbacks between crustal tectonics, volcanic
activity and magma genesis? What are the dynamics and impacts of submarine explosive volcanism and caldera-forming
eruptions? How do calderas collapse during explosive eruptions, then recover to enter new magmatic cycles? What are thereactions of marine ecosystems to volcanic eruptions?
The Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo (CSK) volcanic field on the Hellenic Volcanic arc is a unique system for addressing thesequestions. It consists of three large volcanic centres (Christiana, Santorini, Kolumbo), and a line of small submarine cones,
founded on thinned continental crust in a 100-km-long rift zone that cuts across the island arc. The CSK volcanic field isnotable for Santorini caldera and its Late Bronze Age eruption, an iconic event in both volcanology and archaeology.
Kolumbo seamount erupted in 1650, causing many deaths from gas release and tsunami impact. The caldera unrest at
Santorini in 2011-12 raised awareness of eruption threat at this major tourist destination.
The marine rift basins around the CSK field, as well as Santorini caldera, contain volcano-sedimentary fills up to several
hundreds of metres thick, providing rich archives of CSK volcanic products, tectonic evolution, magma genesis and palaeoenvironments accessible only by deep drilling backed up by seismic interpretations. We propose to drill four primary sites in
the rifts basins and two additional primary sites inside Santorini caldera. The science has five main objectives, each with aleading testable hypothesis, and two secondary objectives. The proposal addresses all three science themes, and six of the
fourteen challenges, of the IODP Science plan.
Existing onland volcanological research, sea-floor mapping, shallow coring and dredge sampling, combined with a dense
network of seismic profiles and a recent seismic tomography experiment, make drilling at the CSK volcanic field very timely.
Deep drilling is essential to identify, characterise and interpret depositional packages visible on seismic images, tochemically correlate primary volcaniclastic layers in the rift fills with their source volcanoes, to fill in the many gaps in the
onland volcanic records, to provide a tight chronostratigraphic framework for rift tectonic and sedimentary histories, and tosample deep subsurface microbial life.

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

932 - Full
Scientific Objectives
We propose six sites (and associated alternate sites) for deep-sea drilling at the rift-hosted Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo (CSK) volcanic
field on the Hellenic island arc in Greece, with five primary objectives:
1. Arc volcanism in an active rift environment: To reconstruct the volcanic history of the CSK volcanic field since the Pliocene by exploitinga >3.8 My marine volcano-sedimentary archive [IODP Science Plan challenges 11, 12].
2. The volcano-tectonic connection: To reconstruct the subsidence and tectonic histories of the rift basins, and use the rift as a naturalexperiment for studying the relationship between CSK volcanism and major crustal tectonic events [challenges 11, 12].
3. Arc magmatism in a region of extending crust: To document magma petrogenesis at the CSK volcanic field in space and time, and toseek effects of crustal thinning on magma storage, differentiation and crustal contamination [challenges 8, 11].
4. Unravelling an iconic caldera-forming eruption: To document the processes, products and potential impacts of the late Bronze-Age
eruption of Santorini [challenge 12].
5. Volcanic hazards from submarine silicic eruptions: To study the histories, dynamics and hazards of Kameni and Kolumbo submarine
volcanoes [challenge 12].
Each objective is presented with a leading hypothesis, the testing of which requires ocean drilling and detailed core analysis. We also
include two secondary drilling objectives: 6. Transition from continental to marine environments in the southern Aegean [challenge 11]; 7.
Biological systems reactions to volcanic eruptions and seawater acidification [challenges 5, 6, 7]

Non-standard measurements technology needed to achieve the proposed scientific objectives

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

932 - Full
Proposed Sites (Total proposed sites: 13; pri: 6; alt: 7; N/S: 0)

Site Name

CSK-01A(Primary)

CSK-02A(Alternate)

CSK-03A(Primary)

CSK-04A(Alternate)

CSK-04B(Alternate)

Position(Lat, Lon)

36.729325.6482

36.7438
25.7146

36.5549
25.4398

36.5728
25.4092

36.5068
25.5053

CSK-05A(Primary)

36.4355
25.3805

CSK-06A(Alternate)36.4424
25.3751

CSK-07A(Primary)

CSK-08A(Alternate)36.389025.417136.381625.4061

Water
Depth
(m)

505

511

397

403

300

385

383

292

293

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

Penetration (m)Brief Site-specific Objectives
Sed

756

437

566

545

730

360

381

400

400

Bsm

9

10

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Total

765

CSK-01A targets the plio-quaternay volcano-sedimentary fill of theAnhydros Basin, to the depth of the Alpine basement. The site lies near
the basin axis in a position downstream of Santorini and Kolumbo
Volcanoes. The aim is to use the core (and seismic profiles) toreconstruct the volcanic, sedimentary and tectonic histories of the basin,
and to access a near-continuous time series of volcanism in the area
since rift inception. The hole will transect and characterize all six seismic
packages of the Anhydros rift basin (B1 to B6).

447

CSK-02A targets the plio-quaternay volcano-sedimentary fill of theAnhydros Basin, to the depth of the Alpine basement. The site lies near
the basin axis in a position downstream of Santorini and Kolumbo
Volcanoes. The aim is to use the core (and seismic profiles) toreconstruct the volcanic, sedimentary and tectonic histories of the basin,
and to access a near-continuous time series of volcanism in the area
since rift inception. The hole will transect and characterize all six seismic
packages of the Anhydros rift basin (B1 to B6).

566

CSK-03A lies in the Anhydros Basin on the NW submarine flank ofKolumbo Volcano. The aim is to penetrate four seismically recognizedvolcanic eruption units from Kolumbo (K2, K3, K5 and the thin lateralcontinuation of K1), as well as many eruption units from Santorini. This
will enable characterisation of the products of the Kolumbo eruptions, aswell as construction of a coherent stratigraphy for Santorini and Kolumbo
together.

545

CSK-04A lies in the Anhydros Basin on the NW submarine flank ofKolumbo Seamount Volcano. The aim is to penetrate seismicallyrecognized volcanic eruption units from Kolumbo, as well as many units
from Santorini. This will enable characterisation of the products of theKolumbo eruptions, as well as construction of a coherent stratigraphy for
Santorini and Kolumbo together. However this site only clearly transects
one Kolumbo eruption unit (K5), and has been replaced since the preproposal by site CSK-04B, which is better placed for our objectives.

730

CSK-04B lies in the Anhydros Basin on the SE submarine flank ofKolumbo Seamount Volcano. The aim is to penetrate seismicallyrecognized volcanic eruption units from Kolumbo (K1, K3, K5), as well as
many units from Santorini. This will enable characterisation of the
products of the Kolumbo eruptions, as well as construction of a coherent
stratigraphy for Santorini and Kolumbo together. This site replaces
CSK-04A (pre-proposal alternate) as the favoured alternate to site 03A,
since CSK-04A only transects one Kolumbo eruption unit whereas
CSK-04B samples three.

360

CSK-05A is sited in the northern basin of Santorini caldera. The aim is topenetrate intracaldera seismic units S1, S2, and S3 in order tocharacterise them and confirm (or not) published hypotheses, as well as
to penetrate below unit S3 (probably intracaldera tuff of the LBA
eruption). The hole is located north of a low-velocity seismic anomaly
detected by the PROTEUS seismic tomography experiments andcentered on the focus of caldera floor uplift during the unrest period of
2011-12.

381

CSK-06A is sited in the northern basin of Santorini caldera. The aim is topenetrate intracaldera seismic units S1, S2, and S3 in order tocharacterise them and confirm (or not) published hypotheses, as well as
to penetrate below unit S3 (probably intracaldera tuff of the LBA
eruption).

400

CSK-07A is sited in the southern basin of Santorini caldera. The aim is topenetrate intracaldera seismic units S1, S2, and S3 in order tocharacterise them, as well as to penetrate below unit S3 (probableintracaldera tuff of the LBA eruption). This site is complementary to sites
CSK-05A/06A in the northern caldera basin, as together they will provide
a complete understanding of the caldera fill and collapse history.

400

CSK-08A is sited in the southern basin of Santorini caldera. The aim is topenetrate intracaldera seismic units S1, S2, and S3 in order tocharacterise them, as well as to penetrate below unit S3 (probableintracaldera tuff of the LBA eruption). This site is complementary to sites
CSK-05A/06A in the northern caldera basin, as together they will provide
a complete understanding of the caldera fill and collapse history.

932 - Full
Proposed Sites (Continued; total proposed sites: 13; pri: 6; alt: 7; N/S: 0)

Site Name

CSK-09A(Primary)

CSK-10A(Alternate)

CSK-11A(Primary)

CSK-12A(Alternate)

Position(Lat, Lon)

36.5656
25.761336.5494
25.771436.389725.214236.384225.2352

Water
Depth
(m)

694

672

408

367

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

Penetration (m)Brief Site-specific Objectives
Sed

585

368

823

836

Bsm

10

9

0

0

Total

595

CSK-09A is sited in the Anafi Basin. The aim is to penetrate the entire
volcano-sedimentary fill of this basin as far as the Alpine basement. The
basin potentially records the full volcanic history of Santorini (and any
older centres) since rift inception, but not of Kolumbo Volcano. The holewill reconstruct the subsidence and sedimentary history of this basin, tocompare with that of the Anhydros Basin. It will transect all six seismic
units present in the basin (B1 to B6).

377

CSK-10A is sited in the Anafi Basin. The aim is to penetrate the entire
volcano-sedimentary fill of this basin as far as the Alpine basement. The
basin potentially records the full volcanic history of Santorini (and any
older centres) since rift inception, but not of Kolumbo Volcano. The holewill reconstruct the subsidence and sedimentary history of this basin, tocompare with that of the Anhydros Basin. It will transect the topmost fiveof the six seismic units present in the basin (B2 to B6).

823

CSK-11A is sited in the Christiana Basin. This basin is deeper than the
Anhydros and Anafi Basins, and is located SW of Santorini. Its volcanosedimentary fill potentially records the earlier volcanic history of the CSK
volcanic field (including the products of Christiana and early Santorini),
as well as younger Santorini and possibly Milos Volcano. The hole willpass through three prominent volcanic units (PFI to PFIII) seen on
seismic records. This site may move slightly following planned
acquisition of new seismic data in the Christiana basin.

836

CSK-12A is sited in the Christiana Basin. This basin is deeper than the
Anhydros and Anafi Basins, and is located SW of Santorini. Its volcanosedimentary fill potentially records the earlier volcanic history of the CSK
volcanic field (including the products of Christiana and early Santorini),
as well as younger Santorini and possibly Milos Volcano. The hole willpass through three prominent volcanic units (PFI to PFIII) seen on
seismic records. This site may move slightly following planned
acquisition of new seismic data in the Christiana basin.

932 - FullContact Information
Contact Person: Timothy Druitt
Department: Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans
Organization: Clermont-Auvergne University
Address: 6 Avenue Blaise Pascal
Clermont-Ferrand Auvergne Rhone Alpes 63178 France
E-mail/Phone: tim.druitt@uca.fr;

Phone: 0033 4 7334 6718

Proponent List
First Name

Last Name

Affiliation

Country

Role

Expertise

Timothy

Druitt

University Clermont-Auvergne

FrancePrincipal
Lead

ChristianHübscher

University of Hamburg

Germany

Data Lead

Marine seismology

Paraskevi

Nomikou

University of Athens

GreeceOther Lead

Marine geology

Steffen

Kutterolf

GeomarGermany

Other Lead

Marine sedimentology
and tephra

Dimitrios

Papanikolaou

University of Athens

GreeceOther Lead

Tectonics

Jan

Behrmann

GeomarGermany

Other
Proponent

Tectonics

Philipp

Brandl

GeomarGermany

Other
Proponent

Petrology andgeochemistry

Ralf

Gertisser

University of Keele

United Kingdom

Other
Proponent

Petrology andgeochemistry

Jörg

Geldmacher

GeomarGermany

Other
Proponent

Geochemistry andgeochronology

EmilieHooft

University of Oregon

United States

Other
Proponent

Marine seismology

Stephanos

Kilias

University of Athens

GreeceOther
Proponent

Biomineralization

Martijn

KlaverUniversity of Bristol

United Kingdom

Other
Proponent

Isotope geochemistry

CostasPapazachos

Aristotle University

GreeceOther
Proponent

Seismology

RaphaelParis

University Clermont Auvergne

FranceOther
Proponent

Textural analysis

Paraskevi

Polymenakou

HCMR

GreeceOther
Proponent

Microbiology

David

Pyle

University of Oxford

United Kingdom

Other
Proponent

Volcanology

Christopher

Satow

Oxford Brookes University

United Kingdom

Other
Proponent

Marine sedimentology
and tephra

MasakoTominaga

Texas A&M University

United States

Other
Proponent

Marine geophysics andmagnetometry

Maria

Triantaphyllou

University of Athens

GreeceOther
Proponent

Marinemicropalaeontology

Aradhna

Tripati

UCLA

United States

Other
Proponent

Stable isotope
geochemistry

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

Volcanology

Volcanism and tectonics in an island-arc rift environment (VolTecArc):
Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo marine volcanic field, Greece

1. Introduction and rationale
Volcanic hazards and risk lie at the heart of global geoscience, with about 800 million
people threatened by eruptions (Loughlin et al. 2015). Volcanoes in island arc settings
impact humans and the environment through submarine explosions, tephra fallout,
pyroclastic flows, earthquakes, tsunamis, and ocean acidification (Sigurdsson et al. 2015).
Some large eruptions, such as the Late Bronze Age eruption of Santorini, destabilize entire
civilizations (Bruins et al. 2008). On the other hand, volcanoes can host rich ecosystems andfertilize the oceans (Duggen et al. 2010; Christakis et al. 2017).
Better understanding of the processes governing arc volcanoes and their hazards isimportant as the 21st century unfolds (McGuire et al. 2017; National Academies of Sciences,
Engineering, and Medicine, 2017). Crustal tectonics is one process that strongly influences
volcanism, but it has rarely been studied at high spatial and temporal resolutions (e.g.,
Cembrano and Lara 2009). Crustal thickness and thermal structure affect the production ofmagmas in the mantle and their subsequent evolution through crystal fractionation, crustal
contamination and magma mixing (Farner and Lee 2017). Extensional crustal motions across
many island arcs create space for magma ascent and influence the depths and sizes ofmagma storage regions (Acocella and Funiciello 2010; Bachmann and Huber 2016). Largeearthquakes cause changes in crustal stresses sufficient to induce eruptions up to several
hundreds of km away (Walter and Amelung 2007). Changes in sea level driven by tectonics
or climate modulate volcanic activity by loading or unloading the magma plumbing system(Kutterolf et al. 2013; Sternai et al. 2017).
We propose to study these processes by deep-sea drilling at the rift-hosted ChristianaSantorini-Kolumbo (CSK) volcanic field on the Hellenic island arc in Greece (Fig. 1), with five
primary objectives:
1. Arc volcanism in an active rift environment: To reconstruct the volcanic history of the
CSK volcanic field since the Pliocene by exploiting a >3.8 My marine volcanosedimentary archive [IODP Science Plan challenges 11, 12].

1

2. The volcano-tectonic connection: To reconstruct the subsidence and tectonic histories of
the rift basins, and use the rift as a natural experiment for studying the relationshipbetween CSK volcanism and major crustal tectonic events [challenges 11, 12].
3. Arc magmatism in a region of extending crust: To document magma petrogenesis at theCSK volcanic field in space and time, and to seek effects of crustal thinning on magma
storage, differentiation and crustal contamination [challenges 8, 11].
4. Unravelling an iconic caldera-forming eruption: To document the processes, products
and potential impacts of the late Bronze-Age eruption of Santorini [challenge 12].
5. Volcanic hazards from submarine silicic eruptions: To study the histories, dynamics andhazards of Kameni and Kolumbo submarine volcanoes [challenge 12].
We also include two secondary drilling objectives: 6. Transition from continental to marine
environments in the southern Aegean [challenge 11]; 7. Biological systems reactions tovolcanic eruptions and seawater acidification [challenges 5, 6, 7].
This initiative arose from a MagellanPlus meeting held in Athens in 2017, attended by 30
researchers and early career scientists, followed by a successful pre-proposal (932-Pre).

2. Why Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo volcanic field, why ocean drilling, why now?

Unique site at the international scale. The CSK volcanic field is one of the most active inEurope, having produced over 100 explosive eruptions in the last 250,000 years (Druitt et al.
1999). Lying in a rift zone that cuts NE-SW across the island arc, the field includes the extinct
Christiana Volcano, Santorini caldera with its intracaldera Kameni Volcano, Kolumbo
Volcano, and the 22 submarine cones of the Kolumbo chain (Figs. 1b, 2a) (Hooft et al. 2017;
Nomikou et al. 2013), all of which have discharged their volcanic products into adjacentmarine basins creating a rich archive of past eruptions. Santorini is one of the most
explosive arc volcanoes in the world (Fig. 3a); its onland products have been mapped, dated
and chemically fingerprinted, and its historical eruptions are very well documented (Druitt etal. 1999; Pyle and Elliott 2006). Kolumbo Volcano has had at least five large explosive
eruptions, the last in 1650 (Hübscher et al. 2015).

Need for Ocean drilling. We have a record of Santorini volcanism since 650,000 y, but it is
only detailed since 250,000 y. While the onland record is inevitably discontinuous, the2marine record promises to be much more complete (e.g. Schindlbeck et al. 2016). Apartfrom the 1650 eruption, the past volcanism of Kolumbo is poorly documented and that ofChristiana unknown. Offshore drilling will enable us to use the thick volcano-sedimentary
records of the rift basins and Santorini caldera as time capsules for reconstructing the
volcanic and tectonic histories of the area since rift inception in the Pliocene. Drilling willallow (i) ground-truthing of marine seismic profiles, (ii) characterisation and dating of seismic
packages, (iii) measurements of the physical properties of submarine strata, and (iv)sampling of subsurface ecosystems. Neither DSDP Hole 378 in the Cretan Basin (344 mbsf;
Hsü et al. 1978), nor the 1987-88 onland Kameni Island drilling initiative (201 m penetration;
Arvanitides et al. 1988) were suitably located to recover fresh, continuous volcaniclastic
sequences. Neither onland drilling, nor shallow piston coring, can address our scientificquestions in a similar way.

Major hazard to the Eastern Mediterranean region. Hazards from the CSK rift zone include
earthquakes, eruptions, and tsunamis (Vougioukalakis et al. 2016). The level of seismicity isamongst the highest in Europe (Sachpazi et al. 2016), and the largest 20th century shallow
earthquake in Europe (M 7.5) took place there in 1956 (Okal et al. 2009). The Late Bronze
Age (LBA) eruption of Santorini in about 1630 BCE was one of the largest of the Holocene
Epoch worldwide; it may have influenced the decline of the Minoan civilization on Crete andis an iconic event in volcanology and archaeology (Bruins et al. 2008). The 1650 eruption of
Kolumbo killed 70 people on Santorini through gas release and tsunami inundation (Cantner
et al. 2014). In 2011-12, Santorini had an episode of seismic unrest (Parks et al. 2015), raisingawareness of eruption threat at these islands visited by two million tourists per year.

Large database of seismic profiles and marine characterization. A dense network of subseafloor seismic reflection profiles exists across the rift zone and within Santorini caldera,
giving high-resolution images of sedimentary fills and faults (Fig. 2a). In 2015, an active
seismic tomography experiment of the CSK system was carried out (PROTEUS: Plumbing
Reservoirs Of The Earth Under Santorini) (Hooft et al. 2017). It identified an enigmatic, lowdensity anomaly extending from 400 to 3000 m beneath Santorini caldera (Hooft et al.
2019), the stratigraphic and structural contexts of which can only be constrained by drilling.
Multibeam bathymetric surveys have imaged submarine volcanic edifices and calderas
3

(Nomikou et al. 2012; 2013; 2016a). Sea floor volcanic products, hydrothermal deposits andbacterial mounds have been sampled (Hanert 2002; Camilli et al. 2015), and the surface
biosphere documented (Oulas et al. 2016). Deep-sea ash layers have been sampled bygravity coring across the Eastern Mediterranean (Fig. 2b), and many have been correlatedwith onland products. The resulting marine ash stratigraphy extends back to 200,000 y (butnot earlier; Satow et al. 2015; Kutterolf et al. 2019), and includes eight ashes from Santorini.

The time is right. The planned track of the Joides Resolution into the North Atlantic in 2022
favours drilling now. Additionally, the existing onland and offshore research, the high-quality
site-survey data, and the PROTEUS experiment make application timely. It is rare to drill in
the context of high-resolution seismic tomography.

3. Relationship to the IODP science plan and other initiatives
Our proposal relates to all three science themes, and 6 out of the 14 challenges, of the
IODP Science plan (Fig. 1a). It builds on IODP Expedition 381 in the Gulf of Corinth, which
focussed on rift development in the absence of volcanism (McNeil et al. 2017). It
complements Expedition 376 at Brothers caldera, which is on oceanic crust whereas
Santorini is on extended continental crust. It also complements the proposal for drilling at
Campi Flegrei (Italy), a large, resurgent caldera (De Natale et al. 2017). Santorini is a smallercaldera that lacks post-collapse resurgence, so the processes of intracaldera activity andunrest are different from those at Campi Flegrei. The proposal links to the Geoprisms,
Subduction Zone 4D (McGuire et al. 2017) and Deep Carbon Observatory (Sloan Foundation)international initiatives. It addresses key issues raised in the 2017 report by the U.S.
National Academies, entitled “Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose, Unrest, Precursors, andTiming”. Deep drilling at the CSK volcanic field will build on the 2015 PROTEUS seismic
tomography experiment, and the shallow gravity coring of POSEIDON cruises 511-513. A
European Union COST application (‘MARVELOUS’-SubMARine Volcanoes European
coLlaboratiOn Uniting experts and Society) on submarine volcanism (PI: P. Nomikou) iscurrently under evaluation. An issue of the professional Earth Science magazine Elements
devoted to the South Aegean Volcanic Arc (Druitt and Vougioukalakis 2019) will be publishedin June 2019.

4

4. Response to pre-proposal review
The pre-proposal review remarked that our scientific objectives were very broad. We
focus here on five primary objectives, with two secondary ones, and present the science as
testable hypotheses. The penetration depth of hole CSK-05A/06A is reduced from 1200 to<400 mbsf (the maximum depth of seismic profiles), and the science aims are clearly stated.
Available heat flow data are provided, and a seismic velocity model is included in the SSDB
and online Form 5. Since volcaniclastics may limit recovery in some depth intervals, we
propose to drill at least three holes at each site in order to maximise recovery. We provide
SSDB descriptions of volcaniclastics encountered in gravity cores as a guide for deep drilling
strategy. The Nagoya Protocol is addressed. A request for new seismic profiles has been
submitted; following consultation with the watchdogs, we are proceeding with full
submission while awaiting those data. Clarifications of specific review remarks are given in
the text.

5. Background
The CSK rift zone and its regional setting
The Hellenic volcanic arc has formed by subduction of the African plate beneath theEuropean plate (Shaw and Jackson 2010). The present-day arc was initiated 3-4 My ago, andstretches from mainland Greece eastwards through Milos, the CSK volcanic field, to the KosNisyros-Yali complex (Pe-Piper and Piper 2005). Back-arc extension has thinned the Aegeancontinental crust, creating horsts and grabens (Le Pichon and Kreemer 2010; Royden andPapanikolaou 2011) (Fig. 1b).
The CSK rift zone lies on 18-20 km of extended continental crust (Makris et al. 2013). It is
100 km long, 45 km wide, and comprises three main NE-SW-oriented marine basins with
Plio-Quaternary sedimentary fills up to 800 m thick (Piper and Perissoratis 2003; Nomikou etal. 2016b; 2018) (Figs. 4, 5). Anhydros Basin contains the Kolumbo volcanic chain, whereas
Amorgos and Anafi Basins lack volcanoes. Anhydros and Anafi Basins each contain six seismic
stratigraphic units (here named B1 to B6, upwards), separated by onlap surfaces (Fig. 4),
whereas Amorgos only contains B3-B6 (Nomikou et al. 2018). Thickness variations of theunits record initial symmetric rifting (B1-B3) followed by NW-tilted, more asymmetric rifting(B4-B6). Rifting began 3.8-5.3 My ago in the Pliocene and is proceeding at about 2.5 mm/y
(Reilinger et al. 2010; Nomikou et al. 2018).
5

The Christiana Basin, a broad, fault-bounded basin at the SW entrance of the rift zone –Fig. 6), contains Plio-Quaternary sediments and three units of probable pyroclastic flow
origin: the oldest (PF III) is estimated at 0.42-1.25 Ma and the middle one (PF II) at <0.42 Ma;
the youngest (PF I) is interpreted as pyroclastic flow deposits from the LBA eruption of
Santorini. (Tsampouraki-Kraounaki et al. 2018).

The CSK volcanic centres
Santorini caldera is a complex 11 x 7 km structure caused by at least four collapse events
over the last 200,000 y, the last of which was the LBA eruption (Druitt and Francaviglia
1992). It has a northern basin 390 m deep, a southern basin 280m deep, and is connected tothe sea via three breaches (Fig. 7a) (Nomikou et al. 2014). The caldera’s volcano-sedimentary
fill is 1 km thick (Budetta et al. 1984). The Kameni islands are the subaerial summit of a 470m-high intracaldera edifice formed since the LBA eruption.
Volcanism at Santorini began 650,000 y ago with submarine, then subaerial, effusive
activity, and became highly explosive 250,000 y ago (Fig. 3a). There have since been 12
plinian eruptions (and approximately 100 less intense explosive eruptions) many of which
generated high ash plumes and pyroclastic flows that entered the sea (Druitt et al. 1999).
The LBA eruption of 1630 BCE discharged several tens of km3 of silicic magma as fallout andpyroclastic flows (Sparks and Wilson 1990; Druitt 2014), and the resulting caldera collapse
deepened an already-existing caldera, probably sited north of the present-day Kameni
Islands (Athanassis et al. 2016). After the caldera had collapsed, the sea broke through the
NW breach, carving out a 2-km-wide submarine channel (Nomikou et al. 2016a). The Kameni
Volcano has had nine subaerial effusive eruptions from 197 BCE to 1950, but bathymetry
suggests a long previous submarine history (Pyle and Elliot 2006; Nomikou et al. 2014).
Seismic profiles reveal three main units in the topmost caldera fill (here named S1 to S3;
Figs. 7d-f, 8a, 9), interpreted most recently as follows (Johnston et al. 2015; Nomikou et al.
2016a):
S1 - Flat-lying sediments up to 40 m thick: mass wasting of the caldera cliffs;

S2 - Sediments up to 100 m thick that merge into the clastic apron of Kameni edifice:tuffs and hyaloclastites from the submarine phase of Kameni;S3: Down-faulted deposits up to 250 m thick: uppermost levels of LBA intracaldera
tuffs and/or sediments related to post-eruptive flooding of the caldera.
6Sub-S3 deposits lack layering on seismic images, and are interpreted as LBA intercaldera
tuffs. Other, less detailed, interpretations have also been proposed (Perissoratis 1995;
Sakellariou et al. 2012)
The low-density anomaly imaged by PROTEUS is a vertical cylinder 3.0 ±0.5 km indiameter extending from 400 to 3000 mbsf beneath the northern basin of the caldera (Figs.
7b,c, 8b,c). It may be a large vent or collapse structure related to the Kameni Volcano, the
LBA eruption, or earlier caldera-forming eruptions (Hooft et al. 2019). An episode of seismic
unrest at Santorini from January 2011 to March 2012 was accompanied by up to 10 cm ofinflation on Nea Kameni island; it has been attributed to intrusion of magma 3-6 km beneaththe caldera (Parks et al. 2015). The focus of uplift in 2011-12 directly overlies the low-density
anomaly (Figs. 7b,c), suggesting a relationship between them (Hooft et al. 2019).
The extinct Christiana Volcano produced lavas and tuffs of unknown ages (Aarbourg andFrechen 1999), but a particularly large ignimbrite found on neighbouring islands is dated at
1.00 +/- 0.05 Ma (Keller et al. 2010). This ‘Christiana Tuff’ may be pyroclastic flow PF III (0.421.25 Ma) in the Christiana Basin, and it is expected to occur at depth throughout the entire
rift area. Geochemical and 40Ar/39Ar dating studies of onland Christiana volcanics are in
progress (Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam).
Kolumbo Volcano is 480 m high, with a 1.7-km-diameter summit crater formed in 1650
(Nomikou et al. 2012; Carey et al. 2013). Seismic profiles across it reveal five unitsinterpreted as Kolumbo-derived volcaniclastics (K1 to K5 from the base up), unit K5 being
the 1650 eruption (Hübscher et al. 2015) (Fig. 10b,c). All five units postdate seismic unit B3
in the Anhydros Basin, and hence the onset of asymmetric subsidence in the rift. The
submarine cones NE of Kolumbo postdate unit K3 on seismic profiles; they are much smaller
than Santorini or Kolumbo, and their products are not expected to be prominent in our drill
cores.

6. Proposed drilling
Six primary drill sites (and seven alternate sites) are proposed, with water depths of 292694 m and penetrations of 360-836 mbsf (Fig. 2a). Sediments are expected to include PlioQuaternary turbidites/debris flows, hemipelagic sediments and volcaniclastics. For brevity,
we refer to turbidites/debris flows as ‘turbidites’. We also shorten the site names (e.g., CSK01A is denoted site 01).
7

Sites 01/02 in Anhydros Basin and 09/10 in Anafi Basin (Fig. 4b) will penetrate seismic
units B1-B6 to the basement unconformity (Mesozoic limestones, schists and/or granites;
Kilias et al. 2013). They will traverse thick, near-basin-axis successions at locations likely tocontain eruption-generated turbidites and where seismic stratigraphy is well constrained. Inorder to avoid the very high-energy axis of each basin, our sites are intentionally placedslightly off-axis. As a result we may encounter small hiatuses in deposition associated with
onlap surfaces between the six seismic units. While this will reduce the completeness of ourstratigraphic record, it will not threaten our objectives. Note that drilling on adjacentbathymetric highs would not sample full sequences of events (as seen on seismic profiles),and would make it impossible to link volcanic stratigraphy to rifting history.
By drilling in both NE basins, we will achieve the fullest sampling of the submarine
volcanic record, since each basin taps a different sediment distributary branch of the CSK
system. Site 01/02 lies in Anhydros Basin downstream of Kolumbo Volcano and thesubmarine terminus of the LBA pyroclastic flows (Fig. 2a); it is expected to yield
volcaniclastics from Kolumbo eruptions and large Santorini eruptions, but not smaller
Santorini eruptions due to flow blocking by the Kolumbo chain. Site 09/10 in Anafi Basin, on
the other hand, is expected to sample volcaniclastics from most explosive eruptions ofSantorini, but not Kolumbo.
Site 03/04 will penetrate the flank of Kolumbo Volcano to sample its products forcorrelation with other drill sites. Primary site 03 will sample units K1, K2, K3 and K5 or theirthin lateral continuations (Fig. 10c).
Site 11/12 is designed to sample the earlier volcanic history of the CSK field, including
eruptions of Christiana, Santorini, and possibly Milos.
Santorini caldera sites 05/06 (northern basin) and 07/08 (southern basin) will sample
seismic units S1-S3, test the published correlations between the two caldera basins, andpenetrate below S3. Unit S1 probably consists of muds and sands, S2 compacted (andpossibly lithified) sandy volcaniclastics, and S3 consolidated coarse blocky tuffs, landslidedebris and/or flood gravels. The sub-S3 levels probably consist of blocky, indurated
intracaldera tuffs of the LBA eruption. Recent heat flow measurements (Hannington et al.
2017; see Fig.2a for sites) give 506-1496 mW.m-2 in the northern caldera basin and 8064
mW.m-2 in the southern caldera basin, higher than the 56-63 mW.m-2 measured far from thevolcanoes in the Anhydros Basin (and consistent with regional values of 60-80 mW.m-2;
8

Kalyoncuoglu et al. 2013). However, no high-temperature hydrothermal system has beenrecognized in the caldera, only low-temperature hydrothermal areas (60-100 °C on Nea
Kameni; 18-20 °C on the caldera floor) and pools of CO2-rich bottom water (Tassi et al. 2013;
Camilli et al. 2015).
Our site prioritization order is: 01/02, 03/04, 11/12 (to obtain a full volcanic history of thearea), 05/06, 07/08 (to access Santorini intracaldera fill), and lastly 09/10.

7. Hypotheses to be tested by deep drilling

Objective 1. Arc volcanism in an active rift environment
Leading hypothesis. The CSK volcanic field has developed from SW to NE with time
Existing onland and marine seismic data suggest that Christiana is the oldest volcanic
centre, Santorini intermediate, and Kolumbo the youngest (Fig. 3a). We will test the leading
hypothesis by using cores from all sites to reconstruct a complete volcanic stratigraphy of
the CSK volcanic field since rift inception in the Pliocene, consistent with both onland andmarine constraints. Were there earlier, now-buried volcanic centres in the area? How arelarge eruptions distributed spatially and temporally along the volcanic field? How doeruptive styles at individual centres evolve through time? Using seismic profiles linked to thecores, we will estimate eruptive volumes and fluxes for the different eruptive centres, andfor the CSK field as a whole.
Eruption products will be preserved in the rift basins as tephra fallout, but mostly as
turbidites channelled down the basin axes from volcanoes upslope (e.g., Schmincke andSumita 2006). Using criteria for recognising eruption-related turbidites (Table 1), we willcorrelate primary volcaniclastic beds based on chemical and textural criteria between cores,
as well as from core to source volcano using onland (Christiana, Santorini) and drilled(Kolumbo) near-source sequences. Bed-to-bed and seismic unit-to-unit correlation between
cores will use major and trace element compositions of juvenile blocks or lapilli, glasses,
crystal-hosted glass inclusions (Brandl et al. 2017), and phenocrysts. Pyroclast textures (e.g.,
vesicle abundances, sizes and shapes) and accidental lithic assemblages will aid incorrelation, as will physical properties measured onboard ship. Correlation of volcaniclastics
to source volcanoes will exploit established chemical and mineralogical differences between
the different volcanic centres (Figs. 3b,c). Tephra fall layers from other circum9

Mediterranean volcanoes will serve as marker beds (Satow et al. 2015). Absolute dates ofcored volcanic layers based on (i) published onland ages, (ii) published ages of marine tephra
fall layers, and (iii) new radiometric age determinations of suitably fresh drilled pyroclasts(Table 1) will refine the volcanic chronostratigraphy. The result will contribute to existingfacies models for explosive volcanoes in marine settings (e.g., Schmincke and Sumita 2006).

Objective 2. The volcano-tectonic connection
Leading hypothesis. Rifting has exerted a control on spatial and temporal development of
volcanism in the CSK volcanic field, with links between major crustal tectonic events anderuption history.
Studies of Miocene plutons, of fault patterns along the modern-day arc, and of
relationships between regional seismicity and caldera unrest at Santorini in 2011-12 all hint
at strong relationships between Aegean volcanism and crustal tectonics (Kokkalas and Aydin
2013; Feuillet 2013; Rabillard et al. 2018). We will test the leading hypothesis by (i)reconstructing the histories of subsidence and tectonics of the Anhydros, Anafi andChristiana Basins from our drill cores and seismic records, (ii) integrating them with ourvolcanic chronostratigraphy, and (iii) seeking relationships between CSK volcanism andmajor tectonic events.
We will reconstruct the sedimentary and subsidence histories of the basins using
sediment-focussed chronostratigraphic techniques: biostratigraphy, oxygen isotope andsapropel records, magnetostratigraphy, and relative magnetic palaeointensity (Table 1),
while noting that high sedimentation rates (order of magnitudes 0.1 mm/y in the rift basins,
1 cm/y in the caldera, and >1 m/y for eruption units; see online form 5) and slumping may
complicate use of these methods. Inclusion of the volcanic record will then build a detailed,rift-wide stratigraphy with multiple independent age markers, enabling construction of a
Bayesian age model for each basin. Benthic foraminifera from fine-grained sediments (lowenergy environments where the likelihood of microfossil reworking is reduced) will provide
estimates of paleo-water depth and, via integration with seismic profiles and chronologic
data, on time-integrated basin subsidence rates (Pallikarakis et al. 2018). Benthic
foraminifera can predict water depths as deep as 850 m with accuracies of ± 50 m in the
Mediterranean back to the early Pleistocene (Avnaim-Katav et al. 2016; Milker et al. 2017).

10

Major rifting events in the basins will be recognized on seismic profiles principally from
onlap surfaces (five of which are recognized to date in the Anhydros and Anafi Basins; Fig. 4),
and levels of fault termination. The presence of thick seismogenic turbidites (Goldfinger
2011; Polonia et al. 2013; Sumner et al. 2013; Table 1), and/or homogenites (slumping ofhemipelagic muds; Beck et al. 2007) in the cores may record large-magnitude seismic eventsand tsunamis.
By exploiting downhole seismic velocity measurements, we will match our core
stratigraphies to seismic profiles and generate a time series of inter-correlated volcanic andtectonic histories of the basins that will be used to seek relationships between volcanismand major tectonic events. When did volcanism start relative to rifting? Do large tectonic
events recorded by the five main onlap surfaces in the Anhydros and Anafi Basins, or any
prominent seismogenic sedimentary beds, correlate with (i) activation of the different
volcanic centres, (ii) changes in eruptive style (e.g., the onset of major explosive activity at
Santorini 250,000 years ago) or (iii) particularly large explosive eruptions? In particular, did
the change from symmetric (basin units B1-B3) to more asymmetric (B4-B6) rifting NE ofSantorini coincide with a change in the rate or type of volcanism at any of the CSK centres?
Does the hypothesized younging of volcanism from SW to NE (if confirmed) result from NEwards propagation of the rift? Can we relate the reconstruction of rift development andvolcanism to published histories of Hellenic subduction, slab rollback, and backarc extension(Jolivet et al. 2013)?
We will also investigate how sea level modulates volcanic activity, although this will bechallenging. There is already evidence for a sea-level influence on Mediterranean volcanism(McGuire et al. 1997; Sternai et al. 2017), and further work is in progress by C. Satow andcolleagues using onland Santorini products and deep-sea tephra records back to 200,000 y.
Our proposed drill-core eruption time series will allow us to push these investigations into
the Pliocene and exploit existing sea-level curves back to 5 My (Grant et al., 2012, Rohling etal. 2014). Approximate palaeodepth data from benthic foraminifera may help quantify theeustatic and regional-tectonic contributions to sea level variations.

Objective 3. Arc magmatism in a region of extending crust
Leading hypothesis. Rift-driven crustal thinning influences magma petrogenesis through its
effects on magma storage, differentiation and contamination in the crust.
11Magmas of the CSK field have traversed 18-20 km of rifted continental crust, which has
influenced their chemical and isotopic evolution (Bailey et al. 2009; Elburg et al. 2013).
Primitive basaltic melts rise into the crust, where they evolve to intermediate and silicic
compositions through fractional crystallization, crustal melting/assimilation and magma
mixing (Cashman et al. 2017). Crustal differentiation pathways vary significantly in the CSK
field (Mortazavi and Sparks 2004; Klaver et al. 2016a). Some silicic magmas such as those of
Christiana, Santorini (>550 ka) and Kolumbo show evidence (low Y, high Ba/Y, low Dy/Yb; Fig.
3b) of interaction with amphibole-rich regions in the lower crust (amphibole ‘sponge’ ofDavidson et al. 2007), whereas others (Santorini <550 ka) lack such evidence anddifferentiate by fractional crystallisation of anhydrous minerals (Francalanci et al. 2005). The
factors governing formation of an amphibole sponge, or lack of it, are debated (Smith 2014;
Klaver et al. 2018). At the CSK volcanic field variations in the stability of amphibole cannot be
attributed to differences in the major element compositions or water contents of the
primary magmas, so external factors may be responsible. It is likely that the structure of therifted crust governs the polybaric ascent history of the CSK magmas, with evolving faults,
density interfaces and rheological transitions (Jolivet et al. 2013) controlling levels of magma
storage and differentiation (Flaherty et al. 2018) as observed in the exhumed Miocene
magmatic complexes of the Aegean (Rabillard et al. 2018).
Estimates from rift cross sections (Nomkou et al. 2018) suggest 10-20% of horizontal
extension since the late Pliocene, corresponding to 2-4 km of crustal thinning. This
progressive rifting and thinning of the continental crust beneath and around the CSK
volcanoes allows us to test the leading hypothesis. Most of the volcaniclastics in our basin
drill holes will probably be from explosive eruptions of intermediate or silicic magmas. We
will investigate magma genesis using major, trace and multi-isotopic data on suitably freshrocks. Volatile contents of crystal-hosted melt inclusions, and mineral-barometry techniques,
will be used to quantify magma storage depths during ascent prior to eruption (Table 1).
These data will constrain how mantle source characteristics and heterogeneity (Bailey et al.
2009; Klaver et al. 2016b), degree of magma contamination by the crust, and the role oflower crustal amphibole have varied in space and time since the Pliocene across the volcanic
field.

12

Objective 4. Unravelling an iconic caldera-forming eruption
Leading hypothesis. The LBA caldera-forming eruption of Santorini was the largest of the
Holocene worldwide and shed large volumes of tsunami-generating pyroclastic flows into thesea, forming marine deposits up to 80 m thick.
The Late-Bronze-Age eruption of Santorini has attracted attention for many decades(Friedrich 2009), and the onland products have been studied in detail (Sparks and Wilson
1990; Druitt 2014). More recently seismic studies have imaged the LBA products bothoutside (Sigurdsson et al. 2006) and inside (Johnston et al. 2015) the caldera, although theirfirm identification on seismic profiles is problematic due to the many other eruptions andtuffs with which they can be confused. Full understanding of this famous eruption awaits
deep drilling.
The eruption began with phases of plinian fallout and violent phreatomagmatic
explosions, followed by outpouring of hot pyroclastic flows into the sea. The eruption caused
collapse of the present-day caldera, but whether collapse took place during or after the
eruption is not known (Sparks and Wilson 1990). Tsunamis that impacted the coasts of theeastern Mediterranean and northern Crete (Bruins et al. 2008) may have been generated by
the entry of pyroclastic flows into the sea (Nomikou et al. 2016a). Impacts of these waves on
ports, shipping and trade are implicated in weakening the Minoan civilization on Crete prior
to its collapse (Bruins et al. 2008).
LBA tuffs laid down outside the caldera are inferred from seismic profiles to be up to
80 m thick and have an estimated volume of ~ 60 km3 (DRE: dense-rock equivalent;Sigurdsson et al. 2006). Moreover, a further 18-26 km3 DRE of tuffs may lie buried inside thecaldera, yielding a total DRE volume of 78 to 86 km3 that would make the LBA eruption thelargest of the last 10,000 y worldwide (Johnston et al. 2014). However these estimates havelarge associated uncertainties due to assumptions in interpreting the seismic sections.
Drilling will enable us to test the leading hypothesis by coring the LBA deposits bothoutside and inside the caldera (Fig. 2a), and by ground-truthing the seismic profiles using
down-hole measurements of seismic velocities. Conventional gravity coring is not sufficientfor this purpose, as the LBA deposits are far too thick. Outside the caldera, drilling will
penetrate the LBA submarine pyroclastic flows at sites 03/04 and 11/12, and test the
published seismic interpretation. This will in turn enable refined volume estimates for theflows, feeding into models of tsunami impact on the Bronze-Age Aegean world (Novikova et13

al. 2011). Textural and palaeomagnetic (thermal remnant magnetism; Table 1) analysis of
the flow deposits will characterise the transformation of (hot) subaerially erupted pyroclastic
flows into (cold) debris flows, then turbidity currents, upon entry into the sea (Schmincke
and Sumita 2006; Kutterolf et al. 2014).
Inside Santorini caldera, we will drill to 360 mbsf in the northern caldera basin (site05/06) and to 400 mbsf in the southern basin (site 07/08)(the respective limits of seismic
imagery). Seismic units S1 (cliff mass wasting), S2 (Kameni volcaniclastics) and S3 (possible
flood deposit) within the caldera have a combined thickness of 185 m at site 05 and 218 m atsite 07 (Figs. 7d-f; online Form 5), so our anticipated drilling will penetrate the top 175 m(north) and 182 m (south) of the sub-S3 units thought to be intracaldera LBA tuffs. Johnston
et al. (2015) estimate from onland geological evidence that the intracaldera LBA tuffs may
exceed 500 m in thickness, so it is unlikely that drilling will reach pre-LBA levels. By drilling
into the LBE tuffs in the caldera we will be able to estimate their minimum volume, which we
can then combine with volume estimates for LBA deposits onland and offshore (outside of
the caldera) to make a new, much more precise (minimum) estimate of the erupted volume.
We will also identify the deposits from different eruptive phases within in the caldera
fill, and correlate them using textural and chemical criteria with the well studied onlandsequences (Druitt 2014). The relative thicknesses of pyroclastic flow deposits inside andoutside the caldera will tell us whether the caldera collapsed during or after the eruption(Sparks and Wilson 1990; Druitt 2014): pyroclastic flows can pond to great depths inside
calderas if collapse takes place during eruption, but not if it occurs afterwards (Lipman
1984).
By drilling both caldera basins, and exploiting our dense seismic reflection coverage,
we will gain access to the 3D architecture of the entire caldera fill and the relative roles ofdownfaulting and downsagging in LBA caldera collapse (Acocella 2007). Why is the northernbasin 100 m deeper than the southern one, with thicker S1 but thinner S3? Did the northerncaldera basin already exist prior to the LBA eruption, as proposed (Athanassis et al. 2016)?
Drilling will also give new information on the cylindrical low-density seismic anomaly that
extends from 400 to 3000 mbsf beneath the northern caldera basin (Hooft et al. 2019). We
cannot drill into this deep structure, and will not be able to determine its origin. However, by
characterising the layers above it we will place constraints on its stratigraphic and structural
relationships with the shallow (<400 m) intracaldera fill. Since the axis of the anomaly
14coincides with the focus of uplift in 2011-12 (Fig. 7b,c), we may also get a better
understanding of the mechanisms of caldera unrest.
Finally, we will test the hypothesis of Nomikou et al. (2016a) that the LBA caldera
underwent catastrophic flooding by the sea soon after its formation. While Johnson et al.
(2015) interpreted unit S3 as the uppermost layer of LBA intracaldera tuff, Nomikou et al.
(2016a) reasoned that it may be the post-LBA flood deposit: most likely very high-energy,
coarsely grained fluvial gravels overlying a major scour surface, and perhaps intercalatedwith landslides from the caldera cliffs.

Objective 5. Volcanic hazards from submarine silicic eruptions
Leading hypothesis. Shallow-marine explosive eruptions of water-rich silicic magmas driven
mainly by magmatic degassing, and with dispersion by fallout and density currents, haveoccurred repeatedly in the neighbourhood of Santorini.
A potential future hazard at Santorini is a submarine eruption of Kameni or Kolumbo
Volcanoes, similar to that of 1650 but probably not as large. Better understanding of the
dynamics of such eruptions will allow us to improve risk mitigation strategies in this highly
populated and densely visited part of the Eastern Mediterranean (Vougioukalakis et al.
2016).
Three quarters of global volcanism occurs under the sea but the dynamics of submarine
eruptions is poorly understood, particularly those of water-rich silicic magmas at island arcs
(White et al. 2015, Carey et al. 2018). Possible tephra production mechanisms in thesubmarine realm include explosive fragmentation by bubble growth (magmatic explosive
eruption), explosive fragmentation by water-magma interaction (phreatomagmatic explosive
eruption), and autoclastic fragmentation (effusive eruption and hyaloclastite formation). The
exact mechanisms likely depend on magma composition, magma volatile content, magma
flux, and water depth (Rotella et al. 2015).
Studies of the products of the 1650 eruption of Kolumbo show that the eruption was
driven mainly by primary degassing of the water-rich silicic magma, but with a component ofphreatomagmatic fragmentation, and that the deposits were emplaced by a combination of
subaerial plumes, submarine plumes, and density currents (Cantner et al. 2014; Fuller et al.
2018). Drilling at site 03/04 will enable us to traverse the products of at least three earlier
explosive eruptions of Kolumbo (seismic units K1, K2, K3) and, via combined petrological,
15

chemical and textural studies (Table 1), compare and contrast these earlier submarine
eruptions to that of 1650, test the leading hypothesis, and arrive at a general model for thisrarely accessible type of submarine volcanism. Use of textural criteria for magmatic versus
phreatomagmatic fragmentation (Table 1) will allow us to better understand the interplay ofthese processes as the Kolumbo cone grew by successive eruptions, with implications fortsunami genesis (Ulvrova et al. 2016).
Inside Santorini caldera, (sites 05/06 and 07/08) seismic unit S2 will provide access to atime series of postcaldera volcanism since the birth of Kameni after the LBA eruption, to its
emergence in 197 BCE. Using similar methods as at Kolumbo, we will reconstruct the historyof eruption style (magmatic explosive, phreatomagmatic explosive, and/or effusive) during
the growth of Kameni from 400 m water depth to the surface (sea level has changed <1 msince 3600 y). Has Kameni always been effusive, or has it had explosive submarine phases
like Kolumbo that would need to be accounted for in hazard assessments? If so, did Kameni
underwater eruptions exhibit the same dynamics as those of Kolumbo, given that bothedifices erupt silicic magma?
The Kameni time series is also of petrological interest, since it records the onset of a newcaldera cycle following the LBA eruption (Pyle and Eliot 2006). It is rare to have such apetrological record of postcaldera volcanism at an arc caldera, the magmatic transition andthe long subsequent evolution of the new intracaldera volcano seldom being bothpreserved. Onland Kameni dacitic magmas and their mafic enclaves form a geochemical
series that is lower in incompatible elements (e.g., K, Rb, La) than the LBA magma thatpreceded it, and represent the arrival of a new, unrelated magma batch from depth
following the LBA eruption (Huijsmans et al. 1988; Zellmer and Turner 2007). Whatcompositions were the first Kameni magmas to erupt, and how have they evolved over thesubsequent 3600 y? When did the changeover from residual LBA-type to Kameni-typemagma take place, with what implications for post-eruptive solidification of the LBA magma
reservoir? Do barometric techniques such as the volatile contents of crystal-hosted melt
inclusions (Druitt et al. 2016) record changes in magma storage depth over the lifetime ofKameni Volcano? What are the implications for the mechanisms of postcaldera volcanism atSantorini and elsewhere?

16

8. Methods
We propose a drilling strategy of APC to refusal for all holes, followed by XCB and RCB
drilling, where necessary, providing the required flexibility to drill volcanogenic sediments.
At least three holes per site are proposed to maximise recovery, especially in coarser
volcaniclastics. Based on shallow gravity coring, foreseen recovery rates with APC in thebasins are 90-100% at <100 m, and (assuming similar, but more consolidated, lithologies) 5070% at >100 m. However, three parallel holes, using different drilling technologies, will
provide nearly 100% recovery when using spliced cores. This includes the possibility to coreintervals while drilling ahead to fill stratigraphic gaps identified in the other holes. Inside thecaldera we anticipate reduced recovery for all drilling techniques, especially RCB.
Nevertheless, two holes for the first 100 m and 20-50 % recovery for deeper RCB will give us
enough information to address our scientific goals. High anticipated sedimentation rates(order of magnitudes 0.1 mm/y in the rift basins, 1 cm/y in the caldera, and >1 m/y during
large eruptions; see online form 5) at all sites will compensate for any poor recovery.
All cores will require description of lithological, structural, geochemical, palaeoenvironmental and physical parameters acquired by standard IODP procedures in the core
flow (see JOIDES Resolution Standard Measurement Guidelines). Procedures will include
macroscopic, microscopic, and compositional properties (e.g. texture, mineralogy,
diagenesis, cementation, density, porosity, magnetic susceptibility, etc …) of the coredmaterial. Standard petrophysical and lithological logging data are requested (see online form
1) using the Triple Combo and FMS-Sonic tools extended by the Vertical Seismic Imager tocollect active seismic data for integration of borehole and surface seismic data.
Drilling must take place between late autumn and early spring to avoid dense tourist
shipping and high winds. A risk for hole stability at some sites will be encountering bouldery
deposits from nearby basin margins (sites 01/02, 09/10), near-source volcanic ejecta (03/04),
or coarse-grained intracaldera tuffs (05/06, 07/08), although we have chosen the sites tominimise this risk. Given the proximity of site 05/06 to the focus of deep intrusion in 201112, encountering excess fluid pore pressures is a possibility there. All proposed sites lie
within Greek territorial waters.
Primary drill sites outside the caldera will each need 10 to 12 operational days, including
1-2 days of logging and 8 to 11 days of drilling. Drilling inside the caldera will NOT requirecasing and we expect ~4 days of drilling at both sites followed by 1 day of logging.
17Operational days on primary sites sum to 55.1 days, and the total expedition duration(including 0.9 days of transit time and 5 days port call) amounts to 61 days for a drilling
sequence CSK-09, CSK-01, CSK-03, CSK-11, CSK-05, CSK-07.

9. Site characterisation data
The dense network of multichannel and single channel seismic reflection profiles fromcollaborating groups and publications have been interpreted in detail in Santorini caldera(based on the volcanic history recorded onland; Johnston et al. 2015), and in the basins NE
of Santorini (Sigurdsson et al. 2006; Hübscher et al. 2015; Nomikou et al. 2016a, 2016b,
2018), but only partly in the Christiana Basin (Tsampouraki-Kraounaki et al. 2018) where weplan to collect new data (see below). Fault distributions and throws have been mapped NE
of Santorini (Nomikou et al. 2016b; Hooft et al. 2017), and TWT isopach maps have been
constructed for each rift (Figs. 7d-f). High-resolution multibeam bathymetry is available
inside and outside of Santorini caldera (Nomikou et al. 2014; 2016a; Hooft et al. 2017), as
are isolated heat-flow measurements (Hannington et al. 2017). We adopt a velocity model(SSDB and online Form 5) based on multichannel seismic profiles. These velocities are lower
than those based on tomography (Fig. 8b,c), but are probably more accurate at shallow
depths. During the PROTEUS cruise 2015 3.5 kHz sub-bottom profiling, gravity and magnetic
data were recorded.
Seven (03, 04A, 04B, 05, 06, 09, 10) of our proposed drilling sites are located atintersections of MCS profiles, and two (07, 08) are each at the intersection of a SCS profile
and a MCS profile. The other three sites (01, 02, 11) each lie on a single MCS profile and site
12 lies on a single SCS profile; we have tried relocating these onto the intersections of otherseismic profiles, but the intersections are not suitable for drilling because the full seismic
stratigraphy is not recognizable. Following discussions with the watchdogs, a proposal tocollect additional cross profiles was submitted to German Research Vessels in February of2019 (PI: J. Karstens). This cruise will collect (i) new MCS profiles NE of Santorini to enableplacing of all drill sites on cross points and improve interpretations of seismic stratigraphy,and (ii) new MCS profiles throughout the Christiana Basin, placing our drilling sites on crosspoints and refining the interpretations of Tsampouraki-Kraounaki et al. (2018). Once thesenew data have been interpreted it is possible that some core sites may shift slightly, but
without changing the science objectives or strategies. We will also refine our velocity model18

using the diffraction-extraction technique (Schwarz and Gajewski 2017). A proposal for
reprocessing of MCS and SCS data has been submitted to the German Science Foundation.
A data base of more than 50 K-Ar, 39Ar-40Ar and 14C dates, and over 1000 whole rockmajor and trace element analyses (with a subset analysed for radiogenic and stable isotopes)
are available for onland volcanic rocks from the CSK centres, particularly Santorini. Glassmajor and trace element analyses from onland products and from marine ash cores back to
200,000 y are also available.

10. Outreach
The stunning volcanic scenery, famous caldera-forming eruption, unique Late Bronze-Agearchaeological site, and developed infrastructure at Santorini offer plentiful opportunities
for IODP-related outreach/education initiatives involving online streaming, school teachersand pupils, local residents, onboard cruise presentations, and tourist agencies.

11. Two secondary drilling objectives
Objective 6. Transition from continental to marine environments in the southern Aegean
Drilling in the Anhydros and Anafi Basins (sites 01/02 and 09/10) will allow us to pierce
the entire basin stratigraphy and reach the basement unconformity (pre-subsidence land
surface). This provides the opportunity to reconstruct the environmental histories of thebasins from continental to deepening marine, as well as the evolution of the Eastern
Mediterranean paleoclimate, since the Pliocene. It will build on ongoing analysis of cores at
DSDP site 378 in the Cretan Basin (Hsü et al. 1978), and will enable establishment of a robust
sedimentary reconstruction and time framework across the southern Aegean.
Uplift and erosion of the Aegean crust in the Middle to Late Miocene was followed bysubsidence and marine transgression in the Pliocene and Quaternary. Seismic profiles at the
Aegean margins reveal a gradual subsidence over 400,000 years (Lykousis et al. 2009).
Commercial boreholes in the northern Aegean reveal alluvial and lacustrine conditions in the
Pliocene and Early Pleistocene prior to marine transgression (Faugeres and Robert, 1976).
However, the subsidence history in the southern Aegean is poorly known due to the paucity
of offshore studies. We will build a high-resolution biostratigraphic framework for the cores
which, along with stable isotope and alkenone profiles, will provide a first-order bed-to-bed
age control to be integrated into the chronological model of Objective 1 (Table 2). We will
19

then extract a time series of palaeoenvironmental data from the cores using assemblages ofcalcareous nannofossils, benthic foraminifera, dinoflagellates, and pollen, refined by stable
oxygen and carbon isotopes, total organic carbon, major and trace elements, and organic
biomarkers for selected depth intervals (Table 2).

Objective 7. Biological systems reactions to volcanic eruptions and seawater acidification
The deep-marine biosphere hosts a large component of the world's microbial ecosystems,
but little is known about them (Parkes et al. 2000; Schippers et al. 2005). Marine microbes
have evolved to respond to environmental challenges, resulting in different survival
mechanisms, growth strategies and genetic adaptations. Knowing that Santorini caldera
harbours highly diverse, metabolically complex microbial communities (Oulas et al. 2016;
Christakis et al. 2018), we will use one or more deep cores from inside the caldera (sites 05
to 08) to characterize the living and fossilized sub-seafloor biological communities present.
By applying the latest developments in omics and culture-based technologies, we will
document the sizes, genetic variabilities and metabolic functions of subsurface ecosystems
to 300-400 m depth, and will explore for past anoxic events in the caldera subsurface, extant
biological activity, and trace fossils of extinct seafloor life. The cores will offer a potentiallycontinuous record of the impact of repeated eruptions of Kameni Volcano, hydrothermal
fluids, and seawater acidification on biological activity, and of subsequent re-colonization of
the caldera floor (Danovaro et al. 2017).
Analytical techniques will include cultivation experiments and state-of-the-art moleculartechniques to get a full picture of biological structural diversity, functional diversity, andmetabolic complexity (Table 2). Special emphasis will be given to the characterization of
microbes associated with specific metabolic reactions and the identification of key metabolic
processes. Effects of eruption-associated water acidification will be studied using
Synchrotron X-ray tomography for 3D reconstructions of calcareous nannofossil coccoliths(Hönisch et al. 2012; Beuvier et al., 2019).
Study of drill cores and pore-fluids will investigate the relationship between subseafloor
extant, or fossilized, microbial communities and subseafloor biogeochemical andmineralization processes, particularly the relative importance of Fe released fromhydrothermal activity in sustaining subseafloor biomes (Templeton et al., 2011).
Full compliance with the Nagoya Protocol is assured (Table 2).
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Table 1. Some methods related to the primary objectives
Criteria for interpretation of turbidites and debris flows (objective 1, 2, 4)
Primary, eruption-generated turbidite

Secondary, reworked eruption-generated
turbidite
Seismogenic (or tsunamigenic) turbidite

Homogeneity of juvenile component. Texture similar to onland deposits with lithic
and pumice grading. Consistency with onland or upslope eruption stratigraphy.
Consistency with onland or upslope eruption lithic assemblage. Use of particle
textures to distinguish subaerial from submarine eruption (Schindlbeck et al. 2013).
Homogeneity of juvenile component. Texture similar to onland deposits with lithic
and pumice grading. Possibly more heterogeneity than primary turbidite.
Repetition in the sequence. Inconsistency with onland or upslope stratigraphy
Polylithologic. No magmatic component, or multiple populations of magmaticcomponents. Possible presence of fault-scarp-derived lithologies. May overlie onlap
surface on seismic profile

Establishment of a chronostratigraphy (objectives 1, 2)
Biostratigraphy

Microfossil assemblages will be used to construct a biostratigraphic framework,
similar to that using the calcareous nanofossils Ceratolithus tricorniculatus andGephyrocapsa oceanica in DSDP hole 378 of the Cretan Basin.
Some primary core volcaniclastic beds will be dated directly by K-Ar or 40Ar/39Ar
methods on large juvenile clasts (groundmass separates), if sufficiently fresh.
Oxygen isotope stratigraphy of planktonic foraminifera will be established andcorrelated with the existing 5 My orbitally tuned and millennially resolved eastern
Mediterranen 18O stacks (Wang et al. 2010; Grant et al. 2012).
Sapropel occurrences will be matched to astronomically tuned sapropel cycles(Rohling et al. 2015; Grant et al. 2016), the sequences and ages of which are known
to within 1000 years in the Mediterranean back to the Pliocene (target curve
La2004; Laskar et al. 2004).
Provided sediments carry a strong natural remanent magnetization, geomagnetic
polarity reversal-based magnetostratigraphy (Richter et al. 1998; Papanikolaou etal. 2011; Roberts et al. 2016) would target the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary at
0.78 My, the Jaramillo subchron (1.068 to 0.987 My), and the Olduvai subchron(1.778-1.945 My). All onland eruption products of Santorini are <0.65 My and arenormally magnetized.
Relative magnetic paleointensity (RPI) records will be compared with wellestablished global RPI records such as SINT2000 (Valet et al. 2005) and PISO1500(Channell et al. 2009), validated to 2.0 and 1.5 My, respectively, while being awareof potential complications (Roberts et al. 2013).

Radiometric dating
Oxygen isotope stratigraphy

Sapropel stratigraphy

Reversal-based magnetostratigraphy

Relative palaeo-intensity

Textural characterization (objectives 1, 2, 4, 5)
Magma fragmentation mechanisms

Turbidite types; tsunami deposits

Deposit emplacement temperatureParticles fragmented by bubble exsolution and growth have highly vesicular
textures, whereas those produced by water-melt interaction have surface quench
cracking, blocky shapes with stepped fractures or moss-like features (Zimanowski etal. 2015). Crystal and bubble size distributions will allow estimation of histories ofmagma ascent and bubble nucleation and growth (Giachetti et al. 2010; Rotella etal. 2015).
Combined high-resolution textural (CT-scan) and geochemical (µ-XRF core scanner)characterization of turbidites will allow distinguishing of different types ofturbidites . The same method could be applied to primary tsunami deposits (ifpreserved in the sedimentary record).
If chemical remanence is taken into account, thermal remanent magnetism studiesof lithic clasts in submarine mass flow deposits enable estimation of emplacement
temperatures (Bardot and McClelland 2000) and distinction close to the shoreline
between debris flow (<100 °C) and subaqueous pyroclastic flow (>100 °C) deposits.

Chemical, petrologic and isotopic characterization (objective 4)
Magma petrogenesis and crustal interaction

Magma pre-eruptive storage depths

Chemical (major and trace elements) data on suitably fresh juvenile samples, withradiogenic (Sr, Nd, Pb, Hf, U-Th) and stable (O) isotopic analyses on selected
samples, will enable us to track parental magma composition and degree of crustal
assimilation in space and time since the Pliocene using classical geochemical
approaches (Francalanci et al. 1995; Vaggelli et al. 2009; Klaver et al. 2016b). The
role of deep-crustal amphibole in magma genesis will be tracked by thepresence/absence of phenocrystic amphibole, and by trace element signatures ofamphibole involvement (low Y, low Dy/Yb; Davidson et al. 2007).
Variations of magma storage depths will be constrained using mineral barometry(Putirka 2008) and the volatile contents of crystal-hosted melt inclusions (Druitt etal. 2016) if suitably unaltered.

21

Table 2. Some methods and legal protocols related to the secondary objectives
Palaeo-environmental analysis (objective 6)
Biostratigraphy

Calcareous nanofossils

Benthic foraminifera

Dinoflagellates

Planktonic foraminifera

PollenStable oxygen and carbon
isotopes
Total organic carbon (TOC);
major and trace elements
Alkenone-derived SSTs andselected lipid biomarkers

Microfossil assemblages, in particular calcareous nanofossils. In DSDP site 378 the base of the marine sequence isdated as Early Pliocene (biozone NN12) on the presence the species Ceratolithus tricorniculatus. The sequenceextends up to NN19 on the presence of Gephyrocapsa oceanica. (Athanasiou et al. 2015; Geraga et al. 2010;
Gogou et al. 2016; Triantaphyllou et al. 2009a ; 2009b ; 2014; 2016 ; 2018.)
Primary marine productivity; rapid response to variations in sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, watercolumn stratification, freshwater input, CO2 variations affecting the carbonate system parameters. The abundance
ratio between Florisphaera profunda (F) and Emiliania huxleyi (E) is used as stratification index. Helicosphaera spp.
(mainly H. carteri) together with Braarudosphaera begelowii are used as indicators of salinity decrease. Previous
studies of Emiliania huxleyi in the modern Aegean Sea provided strong evidence for seasonal variation in coccolithsize, morphology and calcification associated with carbonate system variations. (Triantaphyllou et al. 2016).
Proxies for deepwater circulation and oxygenation, nutrient fluxes; approx. water palaeo-depth. Dysoxic to oxicbottom waters are characterized by a high abundance of benthic foraminiferal species tolerating surface sediment
and/or pore water oxygen depletion (e.g., Chilostomella mediterranensis, Globobulimina affinis), and the presenceof Uvigerina mediterranea, which thrives in oxic mesotrophic-eutrophic environments. (Triantaphyllou et al.
2009b; 2014 ; Avnaim-Katav et al. 2016; Milker et al. 2017).
Qualitative and comparative estimates of paleotemperature, paleosalinity, primary production, nutrient levels,
bottom water anoxic/oxic conditions. The temperature index warm/cold (W/C) is derived from the warm-water
dinocyst assemblage Tuberculodinium vancampoae, Tectatodinium pellitum, S.nephroides, I. patulum, I.
aculeatum, Pyxidinopsis reticulata, O. israelianum, Spiniferites mirabilis, S. hyperacanthus, and the cold-water
assemblage N. labyrinthus, P.dalei. (Geraga et al. 2010; Triantaphyllou et al. 2009a ; 2016).
Powerful tool for estimation of past sea surface temperatures and salinities; reconstructions of past water masses
and circulation using the Modern Analog Technique (MAT). Increased abundance of Globigerina bulloides,
suggests enhanced productivity in the water column. (Kouli et al. 2012; 2015).
Parameters such as terrestrial vegetation cover, humidity, runoff, and sediment influx are defined using Aegeanpollen-based indices. Pollen data patterns organized in assemblage zones elucidate the occurrence - alternation ofdifferent vegetation types in time, and contribute to estimation of climatic parameters such as humidity (Hindex=AP/St where AP: Arboreal taxa excluding Pinus and St: Steppic taxa) and relative temperature (T-index =cool temperate/(sum of temperate and Mediterranean taxa). (Rohling et al. 2014; 2015).
Oxygen isotopes for 18O stratigraphy, sea surface temperatures and salinities. Carbon isotopes for relative
contributions of marine/terrigenous organic matter. Negative shifts in foraminiferal δ18O indicate cooling events.
(De Lange et al. 2008; Katsouras et al. 2010; Filippidi et al. 2016).
Paleo-productivity (e.g., TOC, Ba/Al) and preservation; in the absence of considerable diagenetic alteration in thesediments, enrichments observed in redox-sensitive elements represent initial depositional conditions.
(Athanasiou et al. 2017; Gogou et al. 2007; 2016; Triantaphyllou et al. 2016).
Alkenone/Uk37 index-based sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions are fundamental. Pliocene alkenoneSST record in the E. Mediterranean documents the “warm Pliocene”period (~4.1–3.25 Ma) characterized by mean
SST of c. 26 °C. Distinct SST minima at ~3.9 Ma, 3.58 Ma and between 3.34 and 3.31 Ma, correspond to the MIS
Gi16, MIS MG12 and MIS M2 global cooling episodes, before onset of the Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
(Triantaphyllou et al. 2016).

Biological analysis (objective 7)
Sampling and processing
Minimize contamination

Cultivation experiments
Molecular techniques

Carried out onboard ship using sterile conditions.
Use of seawater from pristine offshore locations for drilling mud. Avoiding sewage dumping during drilling.
Surface seawater, drilling fluids and onboard wastewater monitored for microbes. Core exteriors cleaned andtrimmed; samples taken from interior. (Lever 2013; Hirayama et al. 2015).
Different media, temperatures, aerobic/anaerobic conditions - targeting chemolithoautotrophic andheterotrophic microorganisms in order to isolate the most extreme and active microbes from the deep-subsurface
Illumina-based 16S and 18S rRNA gene surveys. 16S is an excellent marker gene for all prokaryotic communities
including bacteria and archaea and 18S is the marker gene for microeukaryotic communities
Metagenomic analysis. Metagenomics is the analysis of all genes of all microorganisms present in a sample andallows identification of dominant metabolic processes. Illumina HiSeq will be used in order to produce thousandsof sequencing reads and capture all potential metabolic processes.
Metatranscriptomic is the analysis of gene expression of all microbes from a sample; we will attempt to isolate
RNA which allows the identification of the active communities and processes in the deep subsurface
Targeted proteomic techniques to get additional insights into metabolic complexity. Extraction and analysis ofproteins related to anaerobic degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons with potential implications in bioremediation
field. Bioremediation is the process that uses microbes or enzymes to detoxify contaminated environments

Legal issues and the Nagoya protocol
All participants of the present proposal endorse that access to, and utilization, of genetic resources taken during the project should be consistent
with the provisions of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) taking into account their specifications by the Bonn Guidelines on Access to
Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits arising from their Utilization, and, where appropriate, the Nagoya Protocol on
Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits arising from their Utilization (NP, not yet in force), as well as with theUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). All biological samples related to Objective 7 will be delivered to IMBBC-HCMR at theirlaboratories in Heraklion, Crete, where they will be used for research purposes only. A Material Transfer Agreement between the project
Coordinator and the IMBBC-HCMR partner will be prepared and signed by both parties, to ensure delivery of samples of marine organisms
accessed in the framework of the present IODP project, to the IMBBC-HCMR premises in Heraklion.

22

Figure 1. (a) Plan of the drilling proposal, showing inputs (vertical) and outputs (horizontal) of the volcanic
system. Numbers on the arrows and rounded square are the seven proposal objectives. The proposal
encompasses all three science themes, and six challenges, of the IODP Science Plan. (b) Tectonic context of
the Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo volcanic field, showing drill sites (red dots, primary sites; yellow dots,
alternate sites) and seismic profiles of the different figures.

Figure 2. (a) Available seismic lines in and around the CSK volcanic field, with those around and inside ofSantorini caldera shown enlarged in the inset. The submarine limit of pyroclastic flows from the Late Bronze
Age eruption of Santorini are also shown, as are heat flow measurement sites (from Hannington et al.
2017). The different seismic data sets amount to 2740 km total length. The GI-Gun used for set 2006_A wasoperated in true-GI mode. Abbreviations: cin: Cubic inch (volume); SCS: Single channel seismics; UA:
University of Athens; UHH: University of Hamburg. (b) Sites of shallow gravity and box coring carried out todate in the neighbourhood of the CSK volcanic field. The example of a gravity core illustrates the lithologies
present in the upper few metres of the marine sediments (unpublished data from Poseidon cruise 513).

Figure 3. (a) Summary of age constraints for the CSK volcanic centres, based on the data of Druitt et al.
(1999), Fabbro et al. (2013), Vespa et al. (2006), Hubscher et al. (2015) and Nomikou et al. (2016b). Boxes
represent major explosive eruptions (red: silicic magmas; blue: intermediate magmas). The ages arederived from * historical records, ** radiometric dating, or *** correlation with marine tephra layers. Two
endmember interpretations of age relationships for the Kolumbo eruption units (K1-K5) are presented,
after the analysis of seismic profiles by Hübscher et al. (2015). Several of the 22 Kolumbo chain submarinecones postdate unit K3 on seismic profiles. (b) Examples of chemical fingerprinting of silicic pumices fromseveral large eruptions of Christiana, Santorini and Kolumbo, showing that the products could be
distinguished chemically in marine successions provided that they are sufficiently fresh. Data from Druitt etal. (1999), Aarburg and Frechen (1999) and Cantner et al. (2014). LBA: Late Bronze Age; L Pum: Lower
Pumice; M Pum: Middle Pumice. (c) The occurrence of some key minerals in silicic products of the different
centres would also aid correlation of primary volcaniclastic beds to source volcano.

Figure 4. (a) Interpretative multi-channel seismic profile through the Anhydros and Anafi Basins, showing
the six seismic-stratigraphic units B1 to B6. The lower three units (B1-B3) record a phase of rather
symmetrical extension, and the upper three (B4-B6) record a phase of more asymmetric extension (fromNomikou et al. 2018). The profile location is shown in Figure 1b. This published profile is equivalent tosparker profile HH06-15 shown on the site maps. (b and c) Enlargements of the two basins. Primary drillsites CSK-01A in the Anhydros Basin (or nearby alternate site CSK-02A; not on this profile) will penetrate
the entire volcano-sedimentary fill to the basement unconformity. The core will provide a record of the full
history of the main volcanic centres (Santorini and Kolumbo) upslope of this site, and the sedimentary
history of the basin since rift inception. Core CSK-09A in the Anafi Basin (or nearby alternate core CSK-10A;
not on this profile) will penetrate the volcano-sedimentary fill to the basement unconformity. The basin fillpotentially records the full volcanic history of Santorini (and possibly earlier submarine centres) since rift
inception, but probably not of Kolumbo.

Figure 5. TWT(s) isopach maps of the sediment fills of (a) Anhydros and (b) Anafi basins. Note the different
colour schemes for the two figures. Selected seismic lines are shown.

Figure 6. (a) Swath map of the eastern part of the Christiana basin and of the eroded remnants ofChristiana Volcano, showing the drill sites and selected seismic lines. The location of the profile is shown in
Figure 1b. (b) Multi-channel seismic profile. Core CSK-11A in the Christiana Basin (and nearby alternate site
CSK-12A; not on this profile) will penetrate the volcano-sedimentary fill of the basin, which potentially
records the volcanic histories of Christiana, Santorini and possibly Milos volcanic centres; it will passthrough three prominent volcanic units (PF I to PF III) seen on seismic records and interpreted as possible
pyroclastic flow deposits, based on the work of Tsampouraki-Kraounaki et al. (2018). Drilling in theChristiana Basin should allow us to access an earlier volcanic history than the basins to the north-east.

Figure 7. (a) Bathymetric map of Santorini caldera (Nomikou et al. 2016b), showing drill sites and selected
seismic lines. (b-c) Horizontal sections (depths 0.4 and 1.0 km) through the low-velocity seismic anomaly in
Santorini caldera (after Hooft et al. 2019). The anomaly forms a vertical cylinder in 3D extending from 0.4 to
3 km (approx) depth below the caldera floor. The centre of the anomaly coincides with the focus of calderafloor uplift during the unrest of 2011-2012 (white star; Newman et al. 2012; Parks et al. 2012). The drillsites are shown as circles. (d-f) The thicknesses (m) and areas of seismic units S1 (b), S2 (c) and S3 (d) in
Santorini caldera, calculated assuming a mean sound velocity of 1900 m s−1 (from Johnston et al. 2015). The
drill sites are shown as circles.

Figure 8. (a) Multi-channel seismic profile NW-SE across the northern basin of Santorini caldera (fromNomikou et al. 2016a). The location of the profile is shown on Figure 1b. Primary core CSK-05A or alternate
core CSK-06A will characterise seismic units 1-3 and sample the deep sub-S3 intracaldera fill to test
interpretations of the origins of the different units (Johnston et al. 2015). This published profile isequivalent to sparker profile HH15-SP1 on the site maps. (b) Velocity data from the PROTEUS seismic
tomography experiment overlain on figure a (from Hooft et al. 2019). (c) A more vertically extended
velocity section, with the depth range of figure b shown by the dark blue box. The dotted line is the axis of
the low-velocity cylindrical anomaly. Note that velocities from the tomographic data are higher than thoseused in the velocity model of this proposal (online form 5), which is based on multi-channel seismic results.

Figure 9. Single channel seismic profile SW-NE across the southern caldera basin of Santorini (fromJohnston et al. 2015). The location of the profile is shown on Figure 1b. Core CSK-07A or CSK-08A will
characterise units S1 (mass wasting of the cliffs), S2 (volcaniclastics from submarine eruptions of Kameni
Volcano) and S3 (probable sediments from caldera flooding), as well as deposits underlying unit S3(intracaldera tuffs of the Late Bronze-Age eruption). This published profile is equivalent to sparker profile
HH15-SP10 of the site maps.

Figure 10. (a) Swath map showing the centres of the Kolumbo chain, the proposed drill sites, and selected
seismic profiles. (b) NE-SW interpreted multi-channel seismic profile, showing the five eruptive units (K1K5) of Kolumbo Seamount. VC’s are volcanic cones of the Kolumbo chain (from Hübscher et al. 2015). (c)NW-SE interpreted multi-channel seismic profile, showing primary drill site CSK-03A and alternate site CSK04A (also from Hübscher et al. 2015). Primary site CSK-3A will penetrate eruptive units K2, K3 and K5 from
Kolumbo and allow them to be intercorrelated with the eruption stratigraphy of Santorini. It is expected toalso intersect the thin feather edge of unit K1 (blue dotted line), constraining it stratigraphically as well. The
preferred alternate site for this is CSK-4B (off profile). Units SK1 to 4 are volcano-sedimentary packages
expected to contain Santorini-derived volcaniclastsics, and would be sampled by alternate site CSK-4A,
which is of lower priority than CSK-04B. The profile locations are shown on Figure 1b. The profile in figure cis equivalent to sparker profile HH06-22 of the site maps.

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White JDL, Schipper CI, Kano K (2015). Submarine Explosive Eruptions. In Sigurdsson H (ed)The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes, Elsevier, pp 553-570.
Zellmer G, Turner S (2007). Arc dacite genesis: evidence from mafic enclaves and their hosts
in Aegean lavas. Lithos 95, 346-362
Zimanowski B, Büttner R, Dellino P, White JDL, Wohletz KH (2015). Magma-Water Interaction
and Phreatomagmatic Fragmentation. In Sigurdsson H et al. The Encyclopedia ofVolcanoes, Elsevier, pp 473-484.

9

IODP Site Forms

932 - Full

Form 1 – General Site Information

Section A: Proposal Information

Proposal Title

Date Form Submitted

Volcanism and tectonics in an island-arc rift environment (VolTecArc): Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo marine
volcanic field, Greece

2019-03-29 20:21:19

Site-Specific CSK-01A targets the plio-quaternay volcano-sedimentary fill of the Anhydros Basin, to the depth of the Alpine
Objectives with basement. The site lies near the basin axis in a position downstream of Santorini and Kolumbo Volcanoes.
The aim is to use the core (and seismic profiles) to reconstruct the volcanic, sedimentary and tectonic
Priority

histories of the basin, and to access a near-continuous time series of volcanism in the area since rift
(Must include general
inception. The hole will transect and characterize all six seismic packages of the Anhydros rift basin (B1 toobjectives in proposal)
B6).

List Previous
Drilling in Area

DSDP hole 378 was drilled in 1975 in the Cretan basin 60 km SSW of Santorini

Section B: General Site Information

Site Name:

Area or Location: Anhydros Basin, Aegean Sea,

CSK-01A

GreeceIf site is a reoccupation of an
old DSDP/ODP Site, Please
include former Site#

Latitude:Deg:

Longitude:

Deg:

Distance to Land: 10(km)

25.6482

Coordinate System:
Priority of Site:

Jurisdiction: Greek territorial waters

36.7293

WGS 84
Primary:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00✓⃞

Alternate:⃞

Water Depth (m): 505

Section C: Operational Information

Proposed
Penetration (m):Sediments

Basement

756

9

Total Sediment Thickness (m)756

Total Penetration (m):General Lithologies:
Coring Plan:(Specify or check)

Limestone, schist or granite

Muds, volcaniclastics, debris flows, turbidites

2 Holes APC/HLAPC to refusal, each followed by XCB to 600 mbsf; drill ahead in Hole C to 575 mbsf with the option of one or two
cored intervals of 50 meters in between and afterwards RCB to 765 mbsf; wireline logging in Hole C (Tripple Combo, FMS Sonic, VSI)

APC

Wireline Logging
Plan:

765

✓

XCB

✓

RCB

Standard Measurements

Special Tools

✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓

Magnetic Susceptibility

WL
Porosity
DensityGamma Ray
Resistivity
Sonic (∆t)
Formation Image (Res)VSP (zero offset)

Borehole Temperature✓✓✓

Re-entry

PCS

Other
tools:

Formation Image(Acoustic)
VSP (walkaway)
LWD

Formation Temperature& Pressure
Other Measurements:

Estimated Days:

Drilling/Coring:

10.7

Logging:

1.6

Total On-site:

12.3

Observatory Plan:

Longterm Borehole Observation Plan/Re-entry Plan

Potential Hazards/
Weather:

Shallow Gas

Complicated Seabed
Condition

Hydrothermal Activity

Preferred weather window

Hydrocarbon

Soft SeabedLandslide and Turbidity
Current

Late autumn,
winter or early
springShallow Water Flow

Currents

Gas Hydrate

Abnormal Pressure

Fracture Zone

Diapir and Mud Volcano

Man-made Objects

Fault

High Temperature

H2S

High Dip Angle

Ice Conditions(e.g., sea-floor cables,
dump sites)

CO2
Sensitive marine
habitat (e.g., reefs,

vents)

Other:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

High winds, dense tourist shipping

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:932 - Full

Form 2 - Site Survey Detail

Site #:

Data Type

CSK-01A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

In SSDB

Details of available data and data that are still to be collected

1a High resolution seismic reflection (primary)yes

Line: HH06-15
Position: CDP 2746

1b High resolution seismic seismic reflection (crossing)noNo cross line

2a Deep penetration seismic reflection (primary)no2b Deep penetration seismic reflection (crossing)no

3 Seismic Velocity

yes

4 Seismic Gridno5a Refraction (surface)no5b Refraction (bottom)

no6 3.5 kHzyes

The 3.5 kHz profiles do not run along the site survey profiles, but image
the shallow strata on a regional scale.

7 Swath bathymetryyes

CSK-bathy.grd, CSK-bathy.pdf

8a Side looking sonar (surface)yes

8b Side looking sonar (bottom)

no

See Velocity_Table.pdf

9 Photography or video
10 Heat Flow
11a Magnetics

yes

CSK-Mag.grd, CSL-Mag.pdf
These grids cover entire study area on a regional scale, covering all sites.
There are no site specific grids or maps.

11b Gravity

yes

CSK-Gravity-FreeAir.grd, CSK-Gravity-FreeAir.pdf
CSK-Bouguer.grd, CSK-Gravity-FreeAir.pdf
These grids cover entire study area on a regional scale, covering all sites.
There are no site specific grids or maps.

12 Sediment coresyes~5m long gravity core and a box corer (POS513/15 and 21), 7 km fromsite position showing soft hemipelagic muds with some 1 to 5 cm thickintercalated ash layers; Sedimentation rate ~9 cm/ka.

13 Rock sampling
14a Water current datano14b Ice Conditions

no15 OBS microseismicity

no16 Navigationyes

17 Otherno

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

HH06-15.txt

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 4 - Environmental Protection

932 - Full

Site #:

CSK-01A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Pollution & Safety Hazard

Comment

1. Summary of operations at site

Two holes (A, B) APC/HLAPC to refusal including 4 temperature measurements, each followed by
XCB to 600 mbsf; Hole C: RCB drilling ahead until 575 mbsf with the option of one or two coredintervals of 50 meters in between, RCB to 765 mbsf including 10 m of basement, log as shown on
form 1

2. All hydrocarbon occurrences based on
previous DSDP/ODP/IODP drillingnon

3. All commercial drilling in this area that
produced or yielded significant
hydrocarbon showsnon

4. Indications of gas hydrates at thislocationno5. Are there reasons to expecthydrocarbon accumulations at this site?

no6. What "special" precautions will betaken during drilling?

non

7. What abandonment procedures need
to be followed?

Non

8. Natural or manmade hazards which
may affect ship's operations

sailing traffic may be existent but minimized during autumn to early spring

9. Summary: What do you consider the
major risks in drilling at this site?

Target drill depth may be to deep for XCB only

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:932 - Fullreflectors,
Subbottom Key
depth (m) unconformities,
faults, etc

0 - 43Form 5 - Lithologies

Seismic unit B6:
horizontal dipping
beds, one stronger
reflector at ~20 m

43 - 95

Seismic unit B5:
horizontal dippingbeds

95 - 239

Seismic unit B4:
horizontal dipping
beds, several
stronger reflectors
distributed within theunit

239 - 349

Seismic unit B3:
subhorizontal
dipping beds,
several stronger
reflectors distributed
within the unit

349 - 488

Seismic unit B2:
subhorizontal
dipping beds,
several stronger
reflectors distributed
within the unit;
chaotic layering in
the lower part?

Site #:

Age (My)

Pleistocene/
Holocene

Pleistocene

Early?
Pleistocene

Early
Pleistocene/
Pliocene

CSK-01A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Assumedvelocity(km/s)

Lithology

Paleo-environment

1.6

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites

filled submarine riftbasin

1.8

2.0

2.1

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites

filled submarine riftbasin

filled submarine riftbasin

filled submarine riftbasin

Avg. accum.
rate (m/My)

Comments

180

lithology similar like ingravity core;interpretation
Nomikou et al.
(2016b; 2018)170

lithology andstructures are thesame like in firstseismic units but
stronger compacted;
Interpretation after
Nomikou et al.
(2016b; 2018)

160

More turbiditic
deposits but at drillsite still horizontal
layering;
interpretation after
Nomikou et al.
(2016b; 2018)

150

Inclination in bedding
indicate either initial
fill off the rifted basin
or tectonic activity;interpretation after
Nomikou et al.
(2016b; 2018)

120

Inclination in bedding
indicate either initial
fill off the rifted basin
or tectonic activity;
chaotic layer may
indicate slumping andmass flows;interpretation after
Nomikou et al.
(2016b; 2018)

early
Pleistocene?/ 2.4
Pliocenehemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTD´s?

488 - 756

Seismic unit B1:
subhorizontal
dipping beds on
basement
unconformity

Pliocene

2.6

MTD´s, sands andgravel, turbidites,
hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics

submarine tocontinental; initial
filling of a rift basin

110

initial filling sequenceof the rift with mixed
volcaniclastic andcontinental material;
interpretation after
Nomikou et al.
(2016b; 2018)756 - 765

continental
basement

Mesozoic

3.0

limestone, schists,
granites

continental
basement??

Interpretation after
Nomikou et al.
(2016b; 2018)

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

filled submarine rift

CSK-01Aa)

NW

HH06-15

SE

b)

NW

HH06-15SE

B6

TWT(msec)

TWT(msec)

B5
B4
B3
B2
B1
BS

1Km

CSK-01A: HH06-15, CDP 2746 (a and b)
Files to be uploaded to SSDB:
Location map: CSK-01A_location.pdf
SEGY-data: HH06-15.sgy
Navigation data:HH06-15.txt
Bathymetry: CSK_Bathymetry.grd, CSK_Bathymetry.pdf
Site Information:
Coordinates: 36.7293/25.6482
Water depth: 505m
Penetration: 765m

1Km

IODP Site Forms

932 - Full

Form 1 – General Site Information

Section A: Proposal Information

Proposal Title

Date Form Submitted

Volcanism and tectonics in an island-arc rift environment (VolTecArc): Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo marine
volcanic field, Greece

2019-03-29 20:21:19

Site-Specific CSK-02A targets the plio-quaternay volcano-sedimentary fill of the Anhydros Basin, to the depth of the Alpine
Objectives with basement. The site lies near the basin axis in a position downstream of Santorini and Kolumbo Volcanoes.
The aim is to use the core (and seismic profiles) to reconstruct the volcanic, sedimentary and tectonic
Priority

histories of the basin, and to access a near-continuous time series of volcanism in the area since rift
(Must include general
inception. The hole will transect and characterize all six seismic packages of the Anhydros rift basin (B1 toobjectives in proposal)
B6).

List Previous
Drilling in Area

DSDP hole 378 was drilled in 1975 in the Cretan basin 60 km SSW of Santorini

Section B: General Site Information

Site Name:

Area or Location: Anhydros Basin, Aegean Sea,

CSK-02A

GreeceIf site is a reoccupation of an
old DSDP/ODP Site, Please
include former Site#

Latitude:Deg:

Longitude:

Deg:

Distance to Land: 6(km)

25.7146

Coordinate System:
Priority of Site:

Jurisdiction: Greek territorial waters

36.7438

WGS 84
Primary:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00⃞

Alternate:✓⃞

Water Depth (m): 511

Section C: Operational Information

Proposed
Penetration (m):Sediments

Basement

437

10

Total Sediment Thickness (m)437

Total Penetration (m):General Lithologies:
Coring Plan:(Specify or check)

Limestone, schist or granite

Muds, volcaniclastics, debris flows, turbidites

3 Holes APC/HLAPC to refusal, each followed by XCB to 447 mbsf including 10 meters into basement or until refusal;
wireline logging in Hole C (Tripple Combo, FMS Sonic, VSI)
APC

Wireline Logging
Plan:

447

✓

XCB

✓

RCB

Standard Measurements

Special Tools

✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓

Magnetic Susceptibility

WL
Porosity
DensityGamma Ray
Resistivity
Sonic (∆t)
Formation Image (Res)VSP (zero offset)

Borehole Temperature✓✓

Re-entry

PCS

Other
tools:

Formation Image(Acoustic)
VSP (walkaway)
LWD

Formation Temperature& Pressure
Other Measurements:

Estimated Days:

Drilling/Coring:

8.5

Logging:

1.3

Total On-site:

9.8

Observatory Plan:

Longterm Borehole Observation Plan/Re-entry Plan

Potential Hazards/
Weather:

Shallow Gas

Complicated Seabed
Condition

Hydrothermal Activity

Preferred weather window

Hydrocarbon

Soft SeabedLandslide and Turbidity
Current

Late autumn,
winter or early
springShallow Water Flow

Currents

Gas Hydrate

Abnormal Pressure

Fracture Zone

Diapir and Mud Volcano

Man-made Objects

Fault

High Temperature

H2S

High Dip Angle

Ice Conditions(e.g., sea-floor cables,
dump sites)

CO2
Sensitive marine
habitat (e.g., reefs,

vents)

Other:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

High winds, dense tourist shipping

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:932 - Full

Form 2 - Site Survey Detail

Site #:

Data Type

CSK-02A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

In SSDB

Details of available data and data that are still to be collected

1a High resolution seismic reflection (primary)yes

Line: HH06-14
Position: CDP 150

1b High resolution seismic seismic reflection (crossing)no2a Deep penetration seismic reflection (primary)no2b Deep penetration seismic reflection (crossing)no

3 Seismic Velocityno4 Seismic Gridno5a Refraction (surface)no5b Refraction (bottom)

no6 3.5 kHzno

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

7 Swath bathymetrynoData and info see Site CSK-01A

8a Side looking sonar (surface)noData and info see Site CSK-01A

8b Side looking sonar (bottom)no9 Photography or video

no10 Heat Flowno11a Magnetics

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

11b Gravity

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

12 Sediment coresyes~5m long gravity core and a box corer (POS513/15 and 21), 4 km fromsite position showing soft hemipelagic muds with some 1 to 5 cm thickintercalated ash layers; Sedimentation rate ~9 cm/ka.

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

13 Rock sampling
14a Water current datano14b Ice Conditions

no15 OBS microseismicity

no16 Navigationyes

17 Otherno

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

HH06-16.txt

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 4 - Environmental Protection

932 - Full

Site #:

CSK-02A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Pollution & Safety Hazard

Comment

1. Summary of operations at site

Tripple APC/HLAPC (Holes A, B, C) to refusal including 4 temperature measurements, eachfollowed by XCB to 447 mbsf including 10 meters of basement or until refusal, log as shown on
form 1

2. All hydrocarbon occurrences based on
previous DSDP/ODP/IODP drillingnon

3. All commercial drilling in this area that
produced or yielded significant
hydrocarbon showsnon

4. Indications of gas hydrates at thislocationnon

5. Are there reasons to expecthydrocarbon accumulations at this site?

non

6. What "special" precautions will betaken during drilling?

non

7. What abandonment procedures need
to be followed?

non

8. Natural or manmade hazards which
may affect ship's operations

sailing traffic may be existent but minimized during autumn to early spring

9. Summary: What do you consider the
major risks in drilling at this site?

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:932 - Fullreflectors,
Subbottom Key
depth (m) unconformities,
faults, etc

0 - 51

Form 5 - Lithologies

Seismic unit B6:
horizontal dipping
beds, one stronger
reflector at ~30 m

Site #:

Age (My)

Pleistocene/
Holocene

CSK-02A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Assumedvelocity(km/s)

Lithology

Paleo-environment

1.6

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites

filled submarine riftbasin

Comments

120

lithology similar like ingravity core;interpretation after
Nomikou et al.
(2016b; 2018)110

lithology andstructures are thesame like in firstseismic units but
stronger compacted;
interpretation after
Nomikou et al.
(2016b; 2018)

100

More turbiditic
deposits but at drillsite still horizontal
layering;
interpretation after
Nomikou et al.
(2016b; 2018)

51 - 116

Seismic unit B5:
horizontal dippingbeds

116 - 152

seismic unit B4 withhorizontal dipping
beds, several
stronger reflectors
distributed within theunit

152 - 291

seismic unit B3 with
subhorizontal
dipping beds,
several stronger
reflectors distributed
within the unit

Early
Pleistocene/
Pliocene

2.1

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclstics,
turbidites

filled submarine riftbasin

90

Inclination in bedding
indicate either initial
fill off the rifted basin
or tectonic activity;interpretation after
Nomikou et al.
(2016b; 2018)291 - 375

seismic unit B2

Early
Pleistocene?/ 2.4
Pliocenehemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics

filled submarine riftbasin

80

Interpretation after
Nomikou et al.
(2016b; 2018)375 - 437

Seismic unit B1

Pliocene

2.6

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics

submarine tocontinental; initial
filling of a rift basin

70

Interpretation after
Nomikou et al.
(2016b; 2018)437 - 447

continental
basement

Mesozoic

3.0

Limestones,
schists, granites

Basement??

Interpretation after
Nomikou et al.
(2016b; 2018)

Pleistocene

Early?
Pleistocene

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

1.8

2.0

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites

Avg. accum.
rate (m/My)

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclstics,
turbidites

filled submarine rift

filled submarine riftbasin

CSK-02A
a)

NW

SE

b)

NW

SE

HH06-14

HH06-14

B6
B5

TWT(msec)

TWT(msec)

B4
B3
B2
BS

1Km

1Km

CSK-02A: HH06-14, CDP 150 (a and b)
Files to be uploaded to SSDB:
Location map: CSK-02A_location.pdf
SEGY-data : HH06-14.sgy
Navigation data: HH06-14.txt
Bathymetry: CSK_Bathymetry.grd, CSK_Bathymetry.pdf

Site Information:
Coordinates: 36.7438/25.7146
Water depth: 511m
Penetration: 447m

IODP Site Forms

932 - Full

Form 1 – General Site Information

Section A: Proposal Information

Proposal Title

Date Form Submitted

Volcanism and tectonics in an island-arc rift environment (VolTecArc): Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo marine
volcanic field, Greece

2019-03-29 20:21:19

Site-Specific CSK-03A lies in the Anhydros Basin on the NW submarine flank of Kolumbo Volcano. The aim is to penetrate
Objectives with four seismically recognized volcanic eruption units from Kolumbo (K2, K3, K5 and the thin lateral continuationof K1), as well as many eruption units from Santorini. This will enable characterisation of the products of thePriority(Must include generalobjectives in proposal)

List Previous
Drilling in Area

Kolumbo eruptions, as well as construction of a coherent stratigraphy for Santorini and Kolumbo together.

DSDP hole 378 was drilled in 1975 in the Cretan basin 60 km SSW of Santorini

Section B: General Site Information

Site Name:

Area or Location: Anhydros Basin, Aegean Sea,

CSK-03A

GreeceIf site is a reoccupation of an
old DSDP/ODP Site, Please
include former Site#

Latitude:Deg:

Longitude:

Deg:

Distance to Land: 9(km)

25.4398

Coordinate System:
Priority of Site:

Jurisdiction: Greek territorial waters

36.5549

WGS 84
Primary:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00✓⃞

Alternate:⃞

Water Depth (m): 397

Section C: Operational Information

Proposed
Penetration (m):Sediments

Basement

566

0Total Sediment Thickness (m)566

Total Penetration (m):General Lithologies:
Coring Plan:(Specify or check)Muds, volcaniclastics, debris flows, turbidites
3 Holes APC/HLAPC to refusal, each followed by XCB to 566 mbsf including 10 meters into basement or until refusal;
wireline logging in Hole C (Tripple Combo, FMS Sonic, VSI)
APC

Wireline Logging
Plan:

566

✓

XCB

✓

RCB

Standard Measurements

Special Tools

✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓

Magnetic Susceptibility

WL
Porosity
DensityGamma Ray
Resistivity
Sonic (∆t)
Formation Image (Res)VSP (zero offset)

Borehole Temperature✓✓

Re-entry

PCS

Other
tools:

Formation Image(Acoustic)
VSP (walkaway)
LWD

Formation Temperature& Pressure
Other Measurements:

Estimated Days:

Drilling/Coring:

8.2

Logging:

1.3

Total On-site:

9.5

Observatory Plan:

Longterm Borehole Observation Plan/Re-entry Plan

Potential Hazards/
Weather:

Shallow Gas

Complicated Seabed
Condition

Hydrothermal Activity

Preferred weather window

Hydrocarbon

Soft SeabedLandslide and Turbidity
Current

Late autumn,
winter or early
springShallow Water Flow

Currents

Gas Hydrate

Abnormal Pressure

Fracture Zone

Diapir and Mud Volcano

Man-made Objects

Fault

High Temperature

H2S

High Dip Angle

Ice Conditions(e.g., sea-floor cables,
dump sites)

CO2
Sensitive marine
habitat (e.g., reefs,

vents)

Other:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

High winds, dense tourist shipping

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:932 - Full

Form 2 - Site Survey Detail

Site #:

Data Type

CSK-03A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

In SSDB

Details of available data and data that are still to be collected

1a High resolution seismic reflection (primary)yes

Line: HH06-22
Position: CDP 614

1b High resolution seismic seismic reflection (crossing)yes

Line: HH06-34
Position: CDP 760

2a Deep penetration seismic reflection (primary)no2b Deep penetration seismic reflection (crossing)no

3 Seismic Velocityno4 Seismic Gridno5a Refraction (surface)no5b Refraction (bottom)

no6 3.5 kHzno

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

7 Swath bathymetrynoData and info see Site CSK-01A

8a Side looking sonar (surface)

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

8b Side looking sonar (bottom)
9 Photography or video

no10 Heat Flowno11a Magnetics

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

11b Gravity

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

yes

3 potential gravity cores nearby: POS513/57 1.6 km away showing 20 cm
of muddy surface sediments and stuck in >30 cm fine to coarse ash
volcaniclastics (63µ to 1 cm grain sizes); POS513/17 in 4 km distanceshowing 30 cm of muddy surface sediments and stuck in >50 cm finegrained volcaniclastics (<0.5 cm grain sizes); POS513/16 showing 20 cm
of muddy surface sediments and stuck in 80 cm fine-grained
volcaniclastics (<1mm grain size); Sedimentation rate ~9 cm/ka in muddy
sediments, and event sedimentation for volcaniclastics.

12 Sediment cores

13 Rock sampling
14a Water current datano14b Ice Conditions

no15 OBS microseismicity

no16 Navigationyes

17 Otherno

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

HH06-22.txt, HH06-34.txt

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 4 - Environmental Protection

932 - Full

Site #:

CSK-03A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Pollution & Safety Hazard

Comment

1. Summary of operations at site

Tripple APC/HLAPC (Holes A, B, C) to refusal including 4 temperature measurements, eachfollowed by XCB to 566 mbsf, log as shown on form 1

2. All hydrocarbon occurrences based on
previous DSDP/ODP/IODP drillingnon

3. All commercial drilling in this area that
produced or yielded significant
hydrocarbon showsnon

4. Indications of gas hydrates at thislocationnon

5. Are there reasons to expecthydrocarbon accumulations at this site?

non

6. What "special" precautions will betaken during drilling?

non

7. What abandonment procedures need
to be followed?

non

8. Natural or manmade hazards which
may affect ship's operations

sailing traffic may be existent but minimized during autumn to early spring

9. Summary: What do you consider the
major risks in drilling at this site?

Target drill depth may be to deep for XCB only and fine to coarse volcaniclastic in the top 10
meters may be be difficult to penetrate

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 5 - Lithologies

932 - Fullreflectors,
Subbottom Key
depth (m) unconformities,
faults, etc

Site #:

CSK-03A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Age (My)

Assumedvelocity(km/s)

Lithology

Paleo-environment

Avg. accum.
rate (m/My)

Comments

0 - 20

Seismic unit K5: AD
1650 eruption of
Kolumbo

AD 1650

1.65

Volcaniclastics(pumiceous)filled submarine riftbasin>1,000,000

Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

20 - 118

Seismic unit SK4;
Volcaniclastics(including debris
flows) from
Santorini, andmarinesedimentation

Holocene/
Upper
Pleistocene

1.7

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTD´sfilled submarine riftbasin

130Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

118 - 129

Seismic unit K3:
eruption of Kolumbo

Pleistocene

1.75

volcaniclastics(probably
pumiceous)filled submarine riftbasin>1,000,000

Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

129 - 212

Seismic unit SK3:
Volcaniclastics from
Santorini (including
mass flows) andmarinesedimentation

Pleistocene

1.8

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTD´s?

filled submarine riftbasin

120Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

212 - 266

Seismic unit SK2:
Volcaniclastics from
Santorini (incuding
mass flows) andmarinesedimentation

Pleistocene

1.8

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTD´s?

filled submarine riftbasin

110Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

266 - 288

Seismic unit K2:
eruption of Kolumbo

Pleistocene

1.85

volcaniclastics(probably
pumiceous)filled submarine riftbasin>1,000,000

Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

288 - 311

Seismic unit SK1:
Volcaniclastics from
Santorini (including
mass flows) andmarinesedimentation

Pleistocene

1.9

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTD´s?

filled submarine riftbasin

100Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

311 - 320

Seismic unit K1:
eruption of Kolumbo(intercalated within
SK1)

Pleistocene

1.95

Volcaniclastics(probably
pumiceous)filled submarine riftbasin>1,000,000

Presence of unit K1
extrapolated onseismic profiles andassumed to be <10 mthick; interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

320 - 566

Seismic unit pre-K1:
Volcaniclastics from
Santorini (including
mass flows) andmarinesedimentation

Pleistocene/
Pliocene?

1900

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTD´s?

filled submarine riftbasin

80

Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

CSK-03A
SW

NE

SE

TWT(msec)

TWT(msec)

NW

SW

NE

K5

SK4

TWT(msec)

SK3
SK1

1Km

HH06-22

NW

SE
K5

K3

SK2

c)

b) 1Km

HH06-34

1Km

TWT(msec)

a)

K2
K1

HH06-34

SK4
K3

SK1

K2

SK3

SK2
K1

d) 1Km

CSK-03A: HH06-34, CDP 760 (a and c); HH06-22, CDP 614 (b and d)Files to be uploaded to SSDB:
Location map: CSK-03A_location.pdf
SEGY-data data: HH06-34.sgy, HH06-22.sgy
Navigation data: HH06-34.txt, HH06-22.txt
Bathymetry:CSK_Bathymetry.grd, CSK_Bathymetry.pdf
Backscatter: CSK_Backscatter.grd, CSK_Backscatter.pdf
Gravity-FreeAir: CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.grd, CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.pdf
Gravity-Bouguer: CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.grf,CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.pdf

HH06-22Site information:
Coordinates: 36.5549/25.4398
Water depth: 397m
Penetration: 566m

Additional data available:
Magnetic: CSK_Magnetic.grd,CSK_Magnetic.pdf
3.5kHz: Sediment_Profiler.zip, contains 3.5kHz profiles, do not run along site survey profile.

IODP Site Forms

932 - Full

Form 1 – General Site Information

Section A: Proposal Information

Proposal Title

Date Form Submitted

Volcanism and tectonics in an island-arc rift environment (VolTecArc): Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo marine
volcanic field, Greece

2019-03-29 20:21:19

Site-Specific CSK-04A lies in the Anhydros Basin on the NW submarine flank of Kolumbo Seamount Volcano. The aim is
Objectives with to penetrate seismically recognized volcanic eruption units from Kolumbo, as well as many units from
Santorini. This will enable characterisation of the products of the Kolumbo eruptions, as well as construction
Priorityof a coherent stratigraphy for Santorini and Kolumbo together. However this site only clearly transects one(Must include general
Kolumbo eruption unit (K5), and has been replaced since the pre-proposal by site CSK-04B, which is better
objectives in proposal)
placed for our objectives.

List Previous
Drilling in Area

DSDP hole 378 was drilled in 1975 in the Cretan basin 60 km SSW of Santorini

Section B: General Site Information

Site Name:

Area or Location: Anhydros Basin, Aegean Sea,

CSK-04A

GreeceIf site is a reoccupation of an
old DSDP/ODP Site, Please
include former Site#

Latitude:Deg:

Longitude:

Deg:

Distance to Land: 10(km)

25.4092

Coordinate System:
Priority of Site:

Jurisdiction: Greek territorial waters

36.5728

WGS 84
Primary:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00⃞

Alternate:✓⃞

Water Depth (m): 403

Section C: Operational Information

Proposed
Penetration (m):Sediments

Basement

545

0Total Sediment Thickness (m)545

Total Penetration (m):General Lithologies:
Coring Plan:(Specify or check)Muds, volcaniclastics, debris flows, turbidites
3 Holes APC/HLAPC to refusal, each followed by XCB to 545 mbsf including 10 meters into basement or until refusal;
wireline logging in Hole C (Tripple Combo, FMS Sonic, VSI)
APC

Wireline Logging
Plan:

545

✓

XCB

✓

RCB

Standard Measurements

Special Tools

✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓

Magnetic Susceptibility

WL
Porosity
DensityGamma Ray
Resistivity
Sonic (∆t)
Formation Image (Res)VSP (zero offset)

Borehole Temperature✓✓

Re-entry

PCS

Other
tools:

Formation Image(Acoustic)
VSP (walkaway)
LWD

Formation Temperature& Pressure
Other Measurements:

Estimated Days:

Drilling/Coring:

8.2

Logging:

1.3

Total On-site:

9.5

Observatory Plan:

Longterm Borehole Observation Plan/Re-entry Plan

Potential Hazards/
Weather:

Shallow Gas

Complicated Seabed
Condition

Hydrothermal Activity

Preferred weather window

Hydrocarbon

Soft SeabedLandslide and Turbidity
Current

Late autumn,
winter or early
springShallow Water Flow

Currents

Gas Hydrate

Abnormal Pressure

Fracture Zone

Diapir and Mud Volcano

Man-made Objects

Fault

High Temperature

H2S

High Dip Angle

Ice Conditions(e.g., sea-floor cables,
dump sites)

CO2
Sensitive marine
habitat (e.g., reefs,

vents)

Other:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

High winds, dense tourist shipping

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:932 - Full

Form 2 - Site Survey Detail

Site #:

Data Type

CSK-04A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

In SSDB

Details of available data and data that are still to be collected

1a High resolution seismic reflection (primary)yes

Line: HH06-22
Position: CDP 345

1b High resolution seismic seismic reflection (crossing)yes

Line: HH06-44a
Position: CDP 1626

2a Deep penetration seismic reflection (primary)no2b Deep penetration seismic reflection (crossing)no

3 Seismic Velocityno4 Seismic Gridno5a Refraction (surface)no5b Refraction (bottom)

no6 3.5 kHzno

7 Swath bathymetryyes

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

8a Side looking sonar (surface)noData and info see Site CSK-01A

8b Side looking sonar (bottom)no9 Photography or video

no10 Heat Flowno11a Magnetics

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

11b Gravity

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

12 Sediment coresyes~3.5m long gravity core and a box corer (POS513/19), 7 km from site
position showing hemipelagic muds with some 1 to 20 cm thickintercalated ash layers (max grain size= 2 mm); Sedimentation rate ~6
cm/ka .

13 Rock samplingno14a Water current datano14b Ice Conditions

no15 OBS microseismicity

no16 Navigationyes

17 Otherno

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

HH06-22.txt, HH06.44a.txt

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 4 - Environmental Protection

932 - Full

Site #:

CSK-04A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Pollution & Safety Hazard

Comment

1. Summary of operations at site

Tripple APC/HLAPC (Holes A, B, C) to refusal including 4 temperature measurements, eachfollowed by XCB to 545 mbsf; log as shown on form 1

2. All hydrocarbon occurrences based on
previous DSDP/ODP/IODP drillingnon

3. All commercial drilling in this area that
produced or yielded significant
hydrocarbon shows
4. Indications of gas hydrates at thislocationnon

5. Are there reasons to expecthydrocarbon accumulations at this site?

non

6. What "special" precautions will betaken during drilling?

non

7. What abandonment procedures need
to be followed?

non

8. Natural or manmade hazards which
may affect ship's operations

sailing traffic may be existent but minimized during autumn to early spring

9. Summary: What do you consider the
major risks in drilling at this site?

Target drill depth may be to deep for XCB only and fine to coarse volcaniclastic in the top 10
meters may be be difficult to penetrate

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:11+00:00

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 5 - Lithologies

932 - Fullreflectors,
Subbottom Key
depth (m) unconformities,
faults, etc

Site #:

CSK-04A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Age (My)

Assumedvelocity(km/s)

Lithology

Paleo-environment

Avg. accum.
rate (m/My)

Comments

0-8

Seismic unit K5: AD
1650 eruption of
Kolumbo0.0036

1.65

Volcaniclastics(pumiceous)filled submarine riftbasin>1,000,000

Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

8 - 56

Seismic unit SK4:
Volcaniclastics from
Santorini (including
mass flows) andmarinesedimentation

Holocene/
Upper
Pleistocene

1.7

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTD´s?

filled submarine riftbasin

130Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

56 - 184

Seismic unit SK3:
Volcaniclastics from
Santorini (including
mass flows) andmarinesedimentation

Pleistocene

1.8

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTD´s?

filled submarine riftbasin

120Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

184 - 254

Seismic unit SK2:
Volcaniclastics from
Santorini (including
mass flows) andmarinesedimentation

Pleistocene

1.8

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTD´s?

filled submarine riftbasin

110Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

254 - 545

Seismic unit SK1:
Volcaniclastics from
Santorini (including
mass flows) andmarinesedimentation

Pleistocene/
Pliocene?

1.9

hemipelagic
miuds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTDs

filled submarine riftbasin

100Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

CSK-04A
NW
SW

NE

SE

HH06-22

TWT(msec)

TWT(msec)

HH06-44a) 1Kmb) 1Km
NW

SW

NE

SK2
SK1

K5
SK4

TWT(msec)

TWT(msec)

SK3c) 1Km

HH06-22

HH06-44

SK4

SE

K3

SK1

K2

SK3

SK2
K1

d) 1Km
CSK-04A: HH06-44, CDP 1626 (a and c); HH06-22, CDP 345 (b and d)Files to be uploaded to SSDB:
Location map: CSK-04A_location.pdf
SEGY-data data: HH06-34.sgy, HH06-22.sgy
Navigation data: HH06-34.txt, HH06-22.txt
Bathymetry: CSK_Bathymetry.grd, CSK_Bathymetry.pdf
Backscatter: CSK_Backscatter.grd, CSK_Backscatter.pdf
Gravity-FreeAir: CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.grd, CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.pdf
Gravity-Bouguer: CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.grf,CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.pdf

Site information:
Coordinates:36.5728/25.4092
Water depth: 403m
Penetration: 545m

Additional data available:
Magnetic: CSK_Magnetic.grd,CSK_Magnetic.pdf
3.5kHz: Sediment_Proﬁler.zip, contains 3.5kHz proﬁles, do not run along site survey proﬁleIODP Site Forms

932 - Full

Form 1 – General Site Information

Section A: Proposal Information

Proposal Title

Date Form Submitted

Volcanism and tectonics in an island-arc rift environment (VolTecArc): Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo marine
volcanic field, Greece

2019-03-29 20:21:19

Site-Specific CSK-04B lies in the Anhydros Basin on the SE submarine flank of Kolumbo Seamount Volcano. The aim is to
Objectives with penetrate seismically recognized volcanic eruption units from Kolumbo (K1, K3, K5), as well as many units
from Santorini. This will enable characterisation of the products of the Kolumbo eruptions, as well as
Priority

construction of a coherent stratigraphy for Santorini and Kolumbo together. This site replaces CSK-04A (pre(Must include general
proposal alternate) as the favoured alternate to site 03A, since CSK-04A only transects one Kolumbo
objectives in proposal)
eruption unit whereas CSK-04B samples three.

List Previous
Drilling in Area

DSDP hole 378 was drilled in 1975 in the Cretan basin 60 km SSW of Santorini.

Section B: General Site Information

Site Name:

Area or Location: Anhydros Basin, Aegean Sea,

CSK-04B

GreeceIf site is a reoccupation of an
old DSDP/ODP Site, Please
include former Site#

Latitude:Deg:

Longitude:

Deg:

Distance to Land: 8(km)

25.5053

Coordinate System:
Priority of Site:

Jurisdiction: Greek territorial water

36.5068

WGS 84
Primary:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00⃞

Alternate:✓⃞

Water Depth (m): 300

Section C: Operational Information

Proposed
Penetration (m):Sediments

Basement

730

0

Total Sediment Thickness (m)730

Total Penetration (m):General Lithologies:
Coring Plan:(Specify or check)Muds, volcaniclastics, debris flows, turbidites
2 Holes APC/HLAPC to refusal, each followed by XCB to 600 mbsf; drill ahead in Hole C to 550 mbsf with the option of one or two cored
RCB intervals of 50 meters in between and afterwards RCB to 730 mbsf; wireline logging in Hole C (Tripple Combo, FMS Sonic, VSI)

APC

Wireline Logging
Plan:

730

✓

XCB

✓

RCB

Standard Measurements

Special Tools

✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓

Magnetic Susceptibility

WL
Porosity
DensityGamma Ray
Resistivity
Sonic (∆t)
Formation Image (Res)VSP (zero offset)

Borehole Temperature✓✓✓

Re-entry

PCS

Other
tools:

Formation Image(Acoustic)
VSP (walkaway)
LWD

Formation Temperature& Pressure
Other Measurements:

Estimated Days:

Drilling/Coring:

10.4

Logging:

1.5

Total On-site:

11.9

Observatory Plan:

Longterm Borehole Observation Plan/Re-entry Plan

Potential Hazards/
Weather:

Shallow Gas

Complicated Seabed
Condition

Hydrothermal Activity

Preferred weather window

Hydrocarbon

Soft SeabedLandslide and Turbidity
Current

Late autumn,
winter or early
springShallow Water Flow

Currents

Gas Hydrate

Abnormal Pressure

Fracture Zone

Diapir and Mud Volcano

Man-made Objects

Fault

High Temperature

H2S

High Dip Angle

Ice Conditions(e.g., sea-floor cables,
dump sites)

CO2
Sensitive marine
habitat (e.g., reefs,

vents)

Other:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

High winds, dense tourist shipping

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:932 - Full

Form 2 - Site Survey Detail

Site #:

Data Type
1a High resolution seismic reflection (primary)

CSK-04B

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

In SSDB

Details of available data and data that are still to be collectedyes

Line: HH06-37
Position: CDP 1009
Line: HH06-45short
Position: CDP 5727

1b High resolution seismic seismic reflection (crossing)2a Deep penetration seismic reflection (primary)no2b Deep penetration seismic reflection (crossing)no

3 Seismic Velocityno4 Seismic Gridno5a Refraction (surface)no5b Refraction (bottom)

no6 3.5 kHzno

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

7 Swath bathymetrynoData and info see Site CSK-01A

8a Side looking sonar (surface)no8b Side looking sonar (bottom)no9 Photography or video

no10 Heat Flowno11a Magnetics

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

11b Gravity

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

12 Sediment coresno13 Rock samplingno14a Water current datano14b Ice Conditions

no15 OBS microseismicity

no16 Navigationyes

17 Otherno

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

HH06-37.txt, HH06-45short.txt

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 4 - Environmental Protection

932 - Full

Site #:

CSK-04B

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Pollution & Safety Hazard

Comment

1. Summary of operations at site

Two holes (A, B) APC/HLAPC to refusal including 4 temperature measurements, each followed by
XCB to 600 mbsf; Hole C: RCB drilling ahead until 550 mbsf with the option of one or two coredintervals of 50 meters in between, RCB to 730 mbsf, log as shown on form 1

2. All hydrocarbon occurrences based on
previous DSDP/ODP/IODP drillingnon

3. All commercial drilling in this area that
produced or yielded significant
hydrocarbon showsnon

4. Indications of gas hydrates at thislocationnon

5. Are there reasons to expecthydrocarbon accumulations at this site?

non

6. What "special" precautions will betaken during drilling?

non

7. What abandonment procedures need
to be followed?

non

8. Natural or manmade hazards which
may affect ship's operations

sailing traffic may be existent but minimized during autumn to early spring

9. Summary: What do you consider the
major risks in drilling at this site?

fine to coarse volcaniclastic in the top 10 meters may be be difficult to penetrate

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 5 - Lithologies

932 - Fullreflectors,
Subbottom Key
depth (m) unconformities,
faults, etc

Site #:

CSK-04B

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Age (My)

Assumedvelocity(km/s)

Lithology

Paleo-environment

Avg. accum.
rate (m/My)

Comments

0 - 43

Seismic unit K5: AD
1650 eruption of
Kolumbo

AD 1650

1.65

Volcaniclastics(pumiceous)filled submarine riftbasin>1,000,000

Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

43 - 190

Seismic unit K3

Pleistocene

1.75

Volcaniclastics(probably
pumiceous)filled submarine riftbasin>1,000,000

Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

190 - 318

Seismic unit SK3:
Volcaniclastics from
Santorini (including
mass flows) andmarinesedimentation

Pleistocene

1.8

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTDs

filled submarine riftbasin

120Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

318 - 405

Seismic unit K1:
eruption of Kolumbo

Pleistocene

1.95

Volcaniclastics(probably
pumiceous)filled submarine riftbasin>1,000,000

Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

405 - 730

Pre-K1 levels ofbasin sediment fill:
Volcaniclastics from
Santorini (including
mass flows) andmarinesedimentation

Pleistocene/
Pliocene

1.9

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTDs

filled submarine riftbasin

80

Interpretation of
Hubscher et al.
(2015)

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

CSK-04B
a)

NNW

SSE

b)

NW

HH06-45

TWT(msec)

TWT(msec)

HH06-37

SE

1Km
1Km

c)

SSE

NNW

HH06-37

K5

TWT(msec)

K4
K1

K3

SE

SK3
K1

SK3

1Km

CSK-04B: HH06-37, CDP 1009 (a and c); HH06-45, CDP 5727 (b and d)Files to be uploaded to SSDB:
Location map: CSK-04B_location.pdf
SEGY-data data: HH06-37.sgy, HH06-45.sgy
Navigation data: HH06-37.txt, HH06-45.txt
Bathymetry: CSK_Bathymetry.grd, CSK_Bathymetry.pdf
Backscatter: CSK_Backscatter.grd, CSK_Backscatter.pdf
Gravity-FreeAir: CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.grd, CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.pdf
Gravity-Bouguer: CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.grf,CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.pdf

K5
SK4
K3

SK4

K1

NW

HH06-45

TWT(msec)d)

1Km

Site Information:
Coordinates:36.5068/25.5053
Water depth: 300m
Penetration: 730m

Additional data available:
Magnetic: CSK_Magnetic.grd
CSK_Magnetic.pdf
3.5kHz: Sediment_Profiler.zip,
contains 3.5kHz profiles,
do not run along site survey profile

K4

IODP Site Forms

932 - Full

Form 1 – General Site Information

Section A: Proposal Information

Proposal Title

Date Form Submitted

Volcanism and tectonics in an island-arc rift environment (VolTecArc): Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo marine
volcanic field, Greece

2019-03-29 20:21:19

Site-Specific CSK-05A is sited in the northern basin of Santorini caldera. The aim is to penetrate intracaldera seismic units
Objectives with S1, S2, and S3 in order to characterise them and confirm (or not) published hypotheses, as well as topenetrate below unit S3 (probably intracaldera tuff of the LBA eruption). The hole is located north of a lowPriority

velocity seismic anomaly detected by the PROTEUS seismic tomography experiments and centered on the(Must include general
focus of caldera floor uplift during the unrest period of 2011-12.
objectives in proposal)

List Previous
Drilling in Area

DSDP hole 378 was drilled in 1975 in the Cretan basin 60 km SSW of Santorini. Onland drilling on Kameni
islands to 200 m depth in 1987-88.

Section B: General Site Information

Site Name:

Area or Location: Santorini caldera (northern basin),

CSK-05A

Aegean Sea, Greece

If site is a reoccupation of an
old DSDP/ODP Site, Please
include former Site#

Latitude:Deg:

Longitude:

Deg:

Distance to Land: 2(km)

25.3805

Coordinate System:
Priority of Site:

Jurisdiction: Greek territorial waters

36.4355

WGS 84
Primary:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00✓⃞

Alternate:⃞

Water Depth (m): 385

Section C: Operational Information

Proposed
Penetration (m):Sediments

Basement

360

0

Total Sediment Thickness (m)360

Total Penetration (m):General Lithologies:
Coring Plan:(Specify or check)

Coarse intracaldera sediments, breccias,
landslides, lavas, muds
2 Holes APC/HLAPC/XCB to refusal; drill ahead in Hole C to 150 mbsf and RCB to 360 mbsf; wirleline logging in
Hole C (Tripple Combo, FMS Sonic, VSI)
APC

Wireline Logging
Plan:

360

✓

XCB

✓

RCB

Standard Measurements

Special Tools

✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓

Magnetic Susceptibility

WL
Porosity
DensityGamma Ray
Resistivity
Sonic (∆t)
Formation Image (Res)VSP (zero offset)

Borehole Temperature✓✓✓

Re-entry

PCS

Other
tools:

Formation Image(Acoustic)
VSP (walkaway)
LWD

Formation Temperature& Pressure
Other Measurements:

Estimated Days:

Drilling/Coring:

4.3

Logging:

0.9

Total On-site:

5.2

Observatory Plan:

Longterm Borehole Observation Plan/Re-entry Plan

Potential Hazards/
Weather:

Shallow Gas

Complicated Seabed
Condition

Hydrothermal Activity

Preferred weather window

Hydrocarbon

Soft SeabedLandslide and Turbidity
Current

Late autumn,
winter or early
springShallow Water Flow

Currents

Gas Hydrate

Abnormal Pressure

Fracture Zone

Diapir and Mud Volcano

Man-made Objects

Fault

High Temperature

H2S

High Dip Angle

Ice Conditions(e.g., sea-floor cables,
dump sites)

CO2
Sensitive marine
habitat (e.g., reefs,

vents)

Other:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

High winds, dense tourist shipping. Multiple cruise liners in the summer months. No bright spots
indicative of gas to the 400 mbsf on available seismic profiles.

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:932 - Full

Form 2 - Site Survey Detail

Site #:

Data Type

CSK-05A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

In SSDB

Details of available data and data that are still to be collected

1a High resolution seismic reflection (primary)yes

Line: HH15-SP5
Position: CDP 973

1b High resolution seismic seismic reflection (crossing)yes

Line: HH15-SP1
Position: CDP 820

2a Deep penetration seismic reflection (primary)no2b Deep penetration seismic reflection (crossing)no

3 Seismic Velocityno4 Seismic Gridno5a Refraction (surface)no5b Refraction (bottom)

no6 3.5 kHzno

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

7 Swath bathymetrynoData and info see Site CSK-01A

8a Side looking sonar (surface)noData and info see Site CSK-01A

8b Side looking sonar (bottom)no9 Photography or video

no10 Heat Flowno11a Magnetics

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

11b Gravity

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

12 Sediment cores

yes

Mostly Box corer from 2006 R/V Aegeao expedition of variable length up
to 1 m. Mixture of hemipelagic muds and volcaniclastics

13 Rock samplingno14a Water current datano14b Ice Conditions

no15 OBS microseismicity

no16 Navigationyes

17 Otherno

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

HH15-SP1.txt, HH-15-SP5.txt

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 4 - Environmental Protection

932 - Full

Site #:

CSK-05A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Pollution & Safety Hazard

Comment

1. Summary of operations at site

Two holes (A, B) APC/HLAPC/XCB to refusal including 4 temperature measurements, Hole C:
RCB drilling ahead until 150 mbsf, RCB to 360 mbsf; log as shown on form 1

2. All hydrocarbon occurrences based on
previous DSDP/ODP/IODP drillingnon

3. All commercial drilling in this area that
produced or yielded significant
hydrocarbon showsnon

4. Indications of gas hydrates at thislocationnon

5. Are there reasons to expecthydrocarbon accumulations at this site?

non

6. What "special" precautions will betaken during drilling?

non

7. What abandonment procedures need
to be followed?

non

8. Natural or manmade hazards which
may affect ship's operations

heavy ship traffic in the Caldera but minimized during autumn to early spring

9. Summary: What do you consider the
major risks in drilling at this site?

coarse clastics and lava blocks

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 5 - Lithologies

932 - Fullreflectors,
Subbottom Key
depth (m) unconformities,
faults, etc

Site #:

CSK-05A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Age (My)

Assumedvelocity(km/s)

Lithology

Paleo-environment

Avg. accum.
rate (m/My)

Comments

0 - 30

Seismic unit S1;subaerial eruptions
and mass wasting ofcaldera cliffs<0.0020

1.6

volcaniclastics,
turbidites, debris
flows, muds

Intra caldera fill

15,000Interpretation fromJohnston et al. (2015)30 - 88

Seismic unit S2;
mainly submarine
eruptions of Kameni
Volcano0.0036
to0.0020

1.8

volcaniclastics,
muds

Intra-caldera fill35,000Interpretation fromJohnston et al. (2015)

88 - 186

Seismic unit S3: endof LBA eruption;caldera flooding

0.0036

1.9

coarse gravels,
tuffs, debris
avalanches, debris
flows

Intra-caldera fill

>1,000,000

Interpretation fromJohnston et al. (2015)
and Nomikou et al.
(2016a)186 - 360

Pre-S3: Late Bronze
Age eruption (top of
intracaldera tuffs)

3600
years

2.0

Blocky unweldedtuffs, with possible
welded layers andlavas

Intra-caldera fill

>1,000,000

Interpretation ofJohnston et al. (2015)
and Nomikou et al.
(2016a)Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

CSK-05A
NNW

SSE

SW

TWT(msec)

TWT(msec)

NE

HH15-SP1

NNW

NE
S1

TWT(msec)

TWT(msec)

1Km

SW

SSE

S1
S2

S3

HH15-SP1

HH15-SP5

1Km

1Km

S2
S3

HH15-SP5

1Km

CSK-05A: HH15-SP1, CDP 820 (a and c); HH15-SP5, CDP 973 (b and d)Files to be uploaded to SSDB:
Location map: CSK-05A_location.pdf
SEGY-data data: HH15-SP1.sgy; HH15-SP5.sgy
Navigation data: HH15-SP1.txt, HH15-SP5.txt
Bathymetry: CSK_Bathymetry.grd, CSK_Bathymetry.pdf
Backscatter: CSK_Backscatter.grd, CSK_Backscatter.pdf
Gravity-FreeAir: CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.grd, CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.pdf
Gravity-Bouguer: CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.grf,CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.pdf

Site Information:
Coordinates: 36.4355/25.3805
Water depth: 385m
Penetration: 360m

Additional data available:
Magnetic: CSK_Magnetic.grd,CSK_Magnetic.pdf
3.5kHz: Sediment_Proﬁler.zip, contains 3.5kHz proﬁles, do not run along site survey proﬁleIODP Site Forms

932 - Full

Form 1 – General Site Information

Section A: Proposal Information

Proposal Title

Date Form Submitted

Volcanism and tectonics in an island-arc rift environment (VolTecArc): Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo marine
volcanic field, Greece

2019-03-29 20:21:19

Site-Specific CSK-06A is sited in the northern basin of Santorini caldera. The aim is to penetrate intracaldera seismic units
Objectives with S1, S2, and S3 in order to characterise them and confirm (or not) published hypotheses, as well as topenetrate below unit S3 (probably intracaldera tuff of the LBA eruption).
Priority(Must include generalobjectives in proposal)

List Previous
Drilling in Area

DSDP hole 378 was drilled in 1975 in the Cretan basin 60 km SSW of Santorini. Onland drilling on Kameni
islands to 200 m depth in 1987-88.

Section B: General Site Information

Site Name:

Area or Location: Santorini caldera (northern basin),

CSK-06A

Aegean Sea, Greece

If site is a reoccupation of an
old DSDP/ODP Site, Please
include former Site#

Latitude:Deg:

Longitude:

Deg:

Distance to Land: 2(km)

25.3751

Coordinate System:
Priority of Site:

Jurisdiction: Greek territorial waters

36.4424

WGS 84
Primary:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00⃞

Alternate:✓⃞

Water Depth (m): 383

Section C: Operational Information

Proposed
Penetration (m):Sediments

Basement

381

0

Total Sediment Thickness (m)381

Total Penetration (m):General Lithologies:
Coring Plan:(Specify or check)

Coarse intracaldera sediments, breccias,
landslides, lavas, muds
2 Holes APC/HLAPC/XCB to refusal; drill ahead in Hole C to 150 mbsf and RCB to 381 mbsf; wirleline logging in
Hole C (Tripple Combo, FMS Sonic, VSI)
APC

Wireline Logging
Plan:

381

✓

XCB

✓

RCB

Standard Measurements

Special Tools

✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓

Magnetic Susceptibility

WL
Porosity
DensityGamma Ray
Resistivity
Sonic (∆t)
Formation Image (Res)VSP (zero offset)

Borehole Temperature✓✓✓

Re-entry

PCS

Other
tools:

Formation Image(Acoustic)
VSP (walkaway)
LWD

Formation Temperature& Pressure
Other Measurements:

Estimated Days:

Drilling/Coring:

4.6

Logging:

0.9

Total On-site:

5.5

Observatory Plan:

Longterm Borehole Observation Plan/Re-entry Plan

Potential Hazards/
Weather:

Shallow Gas

Complicated Seabed
Condition

Hydrothermal Activity

Preferred weather window

Hydrocarbon

Soft SeabedLandslide and Turbidity
Current

Late autumn,
winter or early
springShallow Water Flow

Currents

Gas Hydrate

Abnormal Pressure

Fracture Zone

Diapir and Mud Volcano

Man-made Objects

Fault

High Temperature

H2S

High Dip Angle

Ice Conditions(e.g., sea-floor cables,
dump sites)

CO2
Sensitive marine
habitat (e.g., reefs,

vents)

Other:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

High winds, dense tourist shipping. Multiple cruise liners in the summer months. No bright spots
indicative of gas to the 400 mbsf on available seismic profiles

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:932 - Full

Form 2 - Site Survey Detail

Site #:

Data Type

CSK-06A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

In SSDB

Details of available data and data that are still to be collected

1a High resolution seismic reflection (primary)yes

Line: HH15-SP6
Position: CDP 527

1b High resolution seismic seismic reflection (crossing)yes

Line: HH15-SP1
Position: CDP 1049

2a Deep penetration seismic reflection (primary)no2b Deep penetration seismic reflection (crossing)no

3 Seismic Velocityno4 Seismic Gridno5a Refraction (surface)no5b Refraction (bottom)

no6 3.5 kHzno

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

7 Swath bathymetrynoData and info see Site CSK-01A

8a Side looking sonar (surface)noData and info see Site CSK-01A

8b Side looking sonar (bottom)no9 Photography or video

no10 Heat Flowno11a Magnetics

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

11b Gravity

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

12 Sediment cores

yes

Mostly Box corer from 2006 R/V Aegeao expedition of variable length up
to 1 m. Mixture of hemipelagic muds and volcaniclastics

13 Rock samplingno14a Water current datano14b Ice Conditions

no15 OBS microseismicity

no16 Navigationyes

17 Otherno

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

HH15-SP1.txt, HH15-SP6.txt

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 4 - Environmental Protection

932 - Full

Site #:

CSK-06A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Pollution & Safety Hazard

Comment

1. Summary of operations at site

Two holes (A, B) APC/HLAPC/XCB to refusal including 4 temperature measurements, Hole C:
RCB drilling ahead until 150 mbsf, RCB to 360 mbsf; log as shown on form 1

2. All hydrocarbon occurrences based on
previous DSDP/ODP/IODP drillingnon

3. All commercial drilling in this area that
produced or yielded significant
hydrocarbon showsnon

4. Indications of gas hydrates at thislocationnon

5. Are there reasons to expecthydrocarbon accumulations at this site?

non

6. What "special" precautions will betaken during drilling?

non

7. What abandonment procedures need
to be followed?

non

8. Natural or manmade hazards which
may affect ship's operations

heavy ship traffic in the Caldera but but minimized during autumn to early spring

9. Summary: What do you consider the
major risks in drilling at this site?

coarse clastics and lava blocks

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 5 - Lithologies

932 - Fullreflectors,
Subbottom Key
depth (m) unconformities,
faults, etc

Site #:

CSK-06A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Age (My)

Assumedvelocity(km/s)

Lithology

Paleo-environment

Avg. accum.
rate (m/My)

Comments

0 - 14

Seismic unit S1:
Subaerial eruptions
and mass wasting
off the caldera cliffs<0.0020

1.6

volcaniclastics,
turbidites, debris
flows, muds

Intra caldera fill

7000

Interpretation fromJohnston et al. (2015)

14 - 76

Seismic unit S2:
mainly submarine
eruptions of Kameni
Volcano0.0036
to0.0020

1.8

volcaniclastics,
muds

Intra-caldera fill38,000Interpretation fromJohnston et al. (2015)76 - 104

Seismic unit S3: endof LBA eruption;caldera flooding

0.0036

1.9

Coarse gravels,
tuffs, debris
avalanches, debris
flows

Intra-caldera fill

>1,000,000

Interpretation fromJohnston et al. (2015)
and Nomikou et al.
(2016a)104 - 381

Pre-S3: Late Bronze
Age eruption (top of
intracaldera tuffs)

3600

2.0

Blocky unweldedtuffs, with possible
welded layers andlavas

Intra-caldera fill

>1,000,000

Interpretation ofJohnston et al. (2015)
and Nomikou et al.
(2016a)Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

CSK-06Aa)

NNW

HH15-SP1

SSE

b)

1Km

NNW

c)

SW

HH15-SP6

NE

1Km

HH15-SP1
S1

SSE

SW

HH15-SP6

d)

NE

S1
S2

S2

S3

S3

1Km

1Km

CSK-06A: HH15-SP1, CDP 1049 (a and c); HH15-SP6, CDP 527 (b and d)Files to be uploaded to SSDB:
Location map: CSK-06A_location.pdf
SEGY-data data: HH15-SP1.sgy; HH15-SP6.sgy
Navigation data: HH15-SP1.txt, HH15-SP6.txt
Bathymetry: CSK_Bathymetry.grd, CSK_Bathymetry.pdf
Backscatter: CSK_Backscatter.grd, CSK_Backscatter.pdf
Gravity-FreeAir: CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.grd, CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.pdf
Gravity-Bouguer: CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.grf,CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.pdf

Site Information:
Coordinates: 36.4424/25.3751
Water depth: 382m
Penetration: 381m

Additional data available:
Magnetic: CSK_Magnetic.grd,CSK_Magnetic.pdf
3.5kHz: Sediment_Proﬁler.zip, contains 3.5kHz proﬁles, do not run along site survey proﬁleIODP Site Forms

932 - Full

Form 1 – General Site Information

Section A: Proposal Information

Proposal Title

Date Form Submitted

Volcanism and tectonics in an island-arc rift environment (VolTecArc): Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo marine
volcanic field, Greece

2019-03-29 20:21:19

Site-Specific CSK-07A is sited in the southern basin of Santorini caldera. The aim is to penetrate intracaldera seismic units
Objectives with S1, S2, and S3 in order to characterise them, as well as to penetrate below unit S3 (probable intracaldera tuffof the LBA eruption). This site is complementary to sites CSK-05A/06A in the northern caldera basin, as
Priority(Must include generalobjectives in proposal)

List Previous
Drilling in Area

together they will provide a complete understanding of the caldera fill and collapse history.

DSDP hole 378 was drilled in 1975 in the Cretan basin 60 km SSW of Santorini. Onland drilling on Kameni
islands to 200 m depth in 1987-88.

Section B: General Site Information

Site Name:

Area or Location: Santorini caldera (southern basin),

CSK-07A

Aegean Sea, Greece

If site is a reoccupation of an
old DSDP/ODP Site, Please
include former Site#

Latitude:Deg:

Longitude:

Deg:

Distance to Land: 1(km)

25.4171

Coordinate System:
Priority of Site:

Jurisdiction: Greek territorial waters

36.3890

WGS 84
Primary:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00✓⃞

Alternate:⃞

Water Depth (m): 292

Section C: Operational Information

Proposed
Penetration (m):Sediments

Basement

400

0Total Sediment Thickness (m)400

Total Penetration (m):General Lithologies:
Coring Plan:(Specify or check)

Coarse intracaldera sediments, breccias,
landslides, lavas, muds
2 Holes APC/HLAPC/XCB to refusal, followed by drill ahead to 175 mbsf and RCB to 400 mbsf, wirleline logging in
RCB Hole C (Tripple Combo, FMS Sonic, VSI)
APC

Wireline Logging
Plan:

400

✓

XCB

✓

RCB

Standard Measurements

Special Tools

✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓

Magnetic Susceptibility

WL
Porosity
DensityGamma Ray
Resistivity
Sonic (∆t)
Formation Image (Res)VSP (zero offset)

Borehole Temperature✓✓✓

Re-entry

PCS

Other
tools:

Formation Image(Acoustic)
VSP (walkaway)
LWD

Formation Temperature& Pressure
Other Measurements:

Estimated Days:

Drilling/Coring:

4.4

Logging:1

Total On-site:

5.4

Observatory Plan:

Longterm Borehole Observation Plan/Re-entry Plan

Potential Hazards/
Weather:

Shallow Gas

Complicated Seabed
Condition

Hydrothermal Activity

Preferred weather window

Hydrocarbon

Soft SeabedLandslide and Turbidity
Current

Late autumn,
winter or early
springShallow Water Flow

Currents

Gas Hydrate

Abnormal Pressure

Fracture Zone

Diapir and Mud Volcano

Man-made Objects

Fault

High Temperature

H2S

High Dip Angle

Ice Conditions(e.g., sea-floor cables,
dump sites)

CO2
Sensitive marine
habitat (e.g., reefs,

vents)

Other:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

High winds, dense tourist shipping. Multiple cruise liners in the summer months. No bright spots
indicative of gas on seismic profiles.

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:932 - Full

Form 2 - Site Survey Detail

Site #:

Data Type

CSK-07A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

In SSDB

Details of available data and data that are still to be collected

1a High resolution seismic reflection (primary)yes

Line: HH15-SP_10
Position: CDP 415

1b High resolution seismic seismic reflection (crossing)yes

Line: SBL20060504_052810
Position: SP 236

2a Deep penetration seismic reflection (primary)no2b Deep penetration seismic reflection (crossing)no

3 Seismic Velocityno4 Seismic Gridno5a Refraction (surface)no5b Refraction (bottom)

no6 3.5 kHzno

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

7 Swath bathymetrynoData and info see Site CSK-01A

8a Side looking sonar (surface)noData and info see Site CSK-01A

8b Side looking sonar (bottom)no9 Photography or video

no10 Heat Flowno11a Magnetics

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

11b Gravity

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

12 Sediment cores

yes

Mostly Box corer from 2006 R/V Aegeao expedition of variable length up
to 1 m. Mixture of hemipelagic muds and volcaniclastics

13 Rock samplingno14a Water current datano14b Ice Conditions

no15 OBS microseismicity

no16 Navigationyes

17 Otherno

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

SBL20060429_150514.txt, SBL20060504_052810.txt

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 4 - Environmental Protection

932 - Full

Site #:

CSK-07A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Pollution & Safety Hazard

Comment

1. Summary of operations at site

Double APC/HLAPC/XCB to refusal; followed by drill ahead to 175 mbsf and RCB coring to 400
mbsf, log as shown in on form 1

2. All hydrocarbon occurrences based on
previous DSDP/ODP/IODP drillingnon

3. All commercial drilling in this area that
produced or yielded significant
hydrocarbon showsnon

4. Indications of gas hydrates at thislocationnon

5. Are there reasons to expecthydrocarbon accumulations at this site?

non

6. What "special" precautions will betaken during drilling?

non

7. What abandonment procedures need
to be followed?

non

8. Natural or manmade hazards which
may affect ship's operations

heavy ship traffic in the Caldera but minimized during autumn to early spring

9. Summary: What do you consider the
major risks in drilling at this site?

coarse clastics and lava blocks

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 5 - Lithologies

932 - Fullreflectors,
Subbottom Key
depth (m) unconformities,
faults, etc

Site #:

CSK-07A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Age (My)

Assumedvelocity(km/s)

Lithology

Paleo-environment

Avg. accum.
rate (m/My)

Comments

0 - 20

Seismic unit S1:subaerial eruptions
and mass wasting of
the caldera cliffs<0.0020

1.6

volcaniclastics,
turbidites, debris
flows, muds

intra caldera fill

10,000Interpretation fromJohnston et al. (2015)20 - 77

Seismic unit S2:
mainly submarine
eruptions of Kameni
Volcano0.0036
to0.0020

1.8

volcaniclastics,
muds

Intra-caldera fill36,000Interpretation fromJohnston et al. (2015)

77 - 218

Seismic unit S3: endof LBA eruption;caldera flooding

0.0036

1.9

Coarse gravels,
tuffs, debris
avalanches, debris
flows

Intra-caldera fill

>1,000,000

Interpretation fromJohnston et al. (2015)
and Nomikou et al.
(2016a)218 - 400

Sub-S3: Late
Bronze Age eruption(top of intracaldera
tuffs)

0.00362.0

Blocky unweldedtuffs, with possible
welded layers andlavas

Intra-caldera fill

>1,000,000

Interpretation ofJohnston et al. (2015)

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

CSK-07A
a)SW

HH15-SP_10

NE

SLB20060504_052810

b)

NNE

TWT(msec)

TWT(msec)

SSW

0.5Km

0.5Km

c)

SW

HH15-SP_10

NEd)

SLB20060504_052810
NNE

SSW
S2

S3

S1

TWT(msec)

TWT(msec)

S1

S2

S3

0.5Km

0.5Km

CSK-07A: HH015-SP_10, CDP 415 (a and c)
SLB20060504_052810, SP 236 (b and d)Files to be uploaded to SSDB:
Location map: CSK-07A_location.pdf
SEGY-data data: HH15-SP_10.sgy, SLB20060504_052810.sgy
Navigation data: HH15-SP_10.txt, SBL20060504_052810.txt
Bathymetry: CSK_Bathymetry.grd, CSK_Bathymetry.pdf
Backscatter: CSK_Backscatter.grd, CSK_Backscatter.pdf
Gravity-FreeAir: CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.grd, CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.pdf
Gravity-Bouguer: CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.grf,CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.pdf

Site Information:
Coordinates: 36.3890/25.4171
Water depth:292m
Penetration: 400m
Additional data available:
Magnetic: CSK_Magnetic.grd,
CSK_Magnetic.pdf
3.5kHz: Sediment_Profiler.zip,
contains 3.5kHz profiles,
do not run along site
survey profileIODP Site Forms

932 - Full

Form 1 – General Site Information

Section A: Proposal Information

Proposal Title

Date Form Submitted

Volcanism and tectonics in an island-arc rift environment (VolTecArc): Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo marine
volcanic field, Greece

2019-03-29 20:21:19

Site-Specific CSK-08A is sited in the southern basin of Santorini caldera. The aim is to penetrate intracaldera seismic units
Objectives with S1, S2, and S3 in order to characterise them, as well as to penetrate below unit S3 (probable intracaldera tuffof the LBA eruption). This site is complementary to sites CSK-05A/06A in the northern caldera basin, as
Priority(Must include generalobjectives in proposal)

List Previous
Drilling in Area

together they will provide a complete understanding of the caldera fill and collapse history.

DSDP hole 378 was drilled in 1975 in the Cretan basin 60 km SSW of Santorini. Onland drilling on Kameni
islands to 200 m depth in 1987-88.

Section B: General Site Information

Site Name:

Area or Location: Santorini caldera (southern basin),

CSK-08A

Aegean Sea, Greece

If site is a reoccupation of an
old DSDP/ODP Site, Please
include former Site#

Latitude:Deg:

Longitude:

Deg:

Distance to Land: 1(km)

25.4061

Coordinate System:
Priority of Site:

Jurisdiction: Greek territorial waters

36.3816

WGS 84
Primary:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00⃞

Alternate:✓⃞

Water Depth (m): 293

Section C: Operational Information

Proposed
Penetration (m):Sediments

Basement

400

0Total Sediment Thickness (m)400

Total Penetration (m):General Lithologies:
Coring Plan:(Specify or check)

Coarse intracaldera sediments, breccias,
landslides, lavas, muds
2 Holes APC/HLAPC/XCB to refusal, followed by drill ahead to 175 mbsf and RCB to 400 mbsf, wirleline logging in
RCB Hole C (Tripple Combo, FMS Sonic, VSI)
APC

Wireline Logging
Plan:

400

✓

XCB

✓

RCB

Standard Measurements

Special Tools

✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓

Magnetic Susceptibility

WL
Porosity
DensityGamma Ray
Resistivity
Sonic (∆t)
Formation Image (Res)VSP (zero offset)

Borehole Temperature✓✓✓

Re-entry

PCS

Other
tools:

Formation Image(Acoustic)
VSP (walkaway)
LWD

Formation Temperature& Pressure
Other Measurements:

Estimated Days:

Drilling/Coring:

4.4

Logging:1

Total On-site:

5.4

Observatory Plan:

Longterm Borehole Observation Plan/Re-entry Plan

Potential Hazards/
Weather:

Shallow Gas

Complicated Seabed
Condition

Hydrothermal Activity

Preferred weather window

Hydrocarbon

Soft SeabedLandslide and Turbidity
Current

Late autumn,
winter or early
springShallow Water Flow

Currents

Gas Hydrate

Abnormal Pressure

Fracture Zone

Diapir and Mud Volcano

Man-made Objects

Fault

High Temperature

H2S

High Dip Angle

Ice Conditions(e.g., sea-floor cables,
dump sites)

CO2
Sensitive marine
habitat (e.g., reefs,

vents)

Other:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

High winds, dense tourist shipping. Multiple cruise liners in the summer months. No bright spots
indicative of gas on seismic profiles.

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:932 - Full

Form 2 - Site Survey Detail

Site #:

Data Type

CSK-08A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

In SSDB

Details of available data and data that are still to be collected

1a High resolution seismic reflection (primary)yes

Line: HH15-SP10
Position: CDP 772

1b High resolution seismic seismic reflection (crossing)yes

Line: SBL20060504_044615
Position: SP 803

2a Deep penetration seismic reflection (primary)no2b Deep penetration seismic reflection (crossing)no

3 Seismic Velocityno4 Seismic Gridno5a Refraction (surface)no5b Refraction (bottom)

no6 3.5 kHzyes

7 Swath bathymetryyes

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

8a Side looking sonar (surface)noData and info see Site CSK-01A

8b Side looking sonar (bottom)no9 Photography or video

no10 Heat Flowno11a Magnetics

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

11b Gravity

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

12 Sediment cores

yes

Mostly Box corer from 2006 R/V Aegeao expedition of variable length up
to 1 m. Mixture of hemipelagic muds and volcaniclastics

13 Rock samplingno14a Water current datano14b Ice Conditions

no15 OBS microseismicity

no16 Navigationyes

17 Otherno

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

HH15-SP10.txt, SBL20060504_044615.txt

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 4 - Environmental Protection

932 - Full

Site #:

CSK-08A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Pollution & Safety Hazard

Comment

1. Summary of operations at site

Double APC/HLAPC/XCB to refusal; followed by drill ahead to 175 mbsf and RCB to 300 mbsf, log
as shown in on form 1

2. All hydrocarbon occurrences based on
previous DSDP/ODP/IODP drillingnon

3. All commercial drilling in this area that
produced or yielded significant
hydrocarbon showsnon

4. Indications of gas hydrates at thislocationnon

5. Are there reasons to expecthydrocarbon accumulations at this site?

non

6. What "special" precautions will betaken during drilling?

non

7. What abandonment procedures need
to be followed?

non

8. Natural or manmade hazards which
may affect ship's operations

heavy ship traffic in the Caldera but minimized during autumn to early spring

9. Summary: What do you consider the
major risks in drilling at this site?

coarse clastics and lava blocks

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 5 - Lithologies

932 - Fullreflectors,
Subbottom Key
depth (m) unconformities,
faults, etc

Site #:

CSK-08A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Age (My)

Assumedvelocity(km/s)

Lithology

Paleo-environment

Avg. accum.
rate (m/My)

Comments

0 - 16

Seismic unit S1:subaerial eruptions
and mass wasting of
the caldera cliffs<0.0020

1.6

volcaniclastics,
turbidites, debris
flows, muds

intra caldera fill

8000

Interpretation fromJohnston et al. (2015)16 - 75

Sesimic unit S2:
mainly submarine
eruptions of Kameni
Volcano0.0036
to0.0020

1.8

volcaniclastics,
muds

Intra-caldera fill36,000Interpretation ofJohnston et al. (2015)

75 - 142

Seismic unit S3: End
of LBA eruption;caldera flooding

0.0036

1.9

Coarse gravels,
tuffs, debris
avalanches, debris
flows

Intra-caldera fill

>1,000,000

Interpretation fromJohnston et al. (2015)

142 - 400

Pre-S3: Late Bronze
Age eruption (top of
intracaldera tuff)

0.00362.0

Blocky unweldedtuffs, with possible
welded layers or
lavas

Intra-caldera fill

>1,000,000

Interpretation ofJohnston et al. (2015)
and Nomikou et al.
(2016a)Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

CSK-08Aa)SW

HH15-SP_10

NE

b)

0.5Km

c)

SLB20060504_044615
NW

SE

0.5Km

SW

HH15-SP_10

NEd)

SLB20060504_044615
NW

S1

SE
S1
S2

S2

S3
S3

0.5Km

0.5Km

CSK-08A: HH15-SP_10, CDP 773 (a and c)
SLB20060504_044615, SP 803 (b and d)Files to be uploaded to SSDB:
Location map: CSK-08A_location.pdf
SEGY-data data: HH15-SP_10.sgy, SLB20060504_044615.sgy
Navigation data: HH15-SP_10.txt, SLB20060504_044615.txt
Bathymetry: CSK_Bathymetry.grd, CSK_Bathymetry.pdf
Backscatter: CSK_Backscatter.grd, CSK_Backscatter.pdf
Gravity-FreeAir: CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.grd, CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.pdf
Gravity-Bouguer: CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.grf,CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.pdf

Site Information:
Coordinates: 36.3816/25.4061
Water depth: 293m
Penetration: 400m
Additional data available:
Magnetic: CSK_Magnetic.grd,
CSK_Magnetic.pdf
3.5kHz: Sediment_Profiler.zip,
contains 3.5kHz profiles,
do not run along site
survey profileIODP Site Forms

932 - Full

Form 1 – General Site Information

Section A: Proposal Information

Proposal Title

Date Form Submitted

Volcanism and tectonics in an island-arc rift environment (VolTecArc): Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo marine
volcanic field, Greece

2019-03-29 20:21:19

Site-Specific CSK-09A is sited in the Anafi Basin. The aim is to penetrate the entire volcano-sedimentary fill of this basin
Objectives with as far as the Alpine basement. The basin potentially records the full volcanic history of Santorini (and any
older centres) since rift inception, but not of Kolumbo Volcano. The hole will reconstruct the subsidence andPriority

sedimentary history of this basin, to compare with that of the Anhydros Basin. It will transect all six seismic(Must include generalunits present in the basin (B1 to B6).
objectives in proposal)

List Previous
Drilling in Area

DSDP hole 378 was drilled in 1975 in the Cretan basin 60 km SSW of Santorini

Section B: General Site Information

Site Name:

Area or Location: Anafi Basin, Aegean Sea, Greece

CSK-09A

If site is a reoccupation of an
old DSDP/ODP Site, Please
include former Site#

Latitude:Deg:

Longitude:

Deg:

Distance to Land: 9(km)

25.7613

Coordinate System:
Priority of Site:

Jurisdiction: Greek territorial waters

36.5656

WGS 84
Primary:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00✓⃞

Alternate:⃞

Water Depth (m): 694

Section C: Operational Information

Proposed
Penetration (m):Sediments

Basement585

10

Total Sediment Thickness (m)585

Total Penetration (m):General Lithologies:
Coring Plan:(Specify or check)

Limestone, schist or granite

Muds, volcaniclastics, debris flows, turbidites

3 Holes APC/HLAPC to refusal, each followed by XCB to 595 mbsf including 10 meters into basement or until refusal,
wireline logging in Hole C (Tripple Combo, FMS Sonic, VSI)
APC

Wireline Logging
Plan:

595

✓

XCB

✓

RCB

Standard Measurements

Special Tools

✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓

Magnetic Susceptibility

WL
Porosity
DensityGamma Ray
Resistivity
Sonic (∆t)
Formation Image (Res)VSP (zero offset)

Borehole Temperature✓✓

Re-entry

PCS

Other
tools:

Formation Image(Acoustic)
VSP (walkaway)
LWD

Formation Temperature& Pressure
Other Measurements:

Estimated Days:

Drilling/Coring:

9.5

Logging:

1.3

Total On-site:

10.8

Observatory Plan:

Longterm Borehole Observation Plan/Re-entry Plan

Potential Hazards/
Weather:

Shallow Gas

Complicated Seabed
Condition

Hydrothermal Activity

Preferred weather window

Hydrocarbon

Soft SeabedLandslide and Turbidity
Current

Late autumn,
winter or early
springShallow Water Flow

Currents

Gas Hydrate

Abnormal Pressure

Fracture Zone

Diapir and Mud Volcano

Man-made Objects

Fault

High Temperature

H2S

High Dip Angle

Ice Conditions(e.g., sea-floor cables,
dump sites)

CO2
Sensitive marine
habitat (e.g., reefs,

vents)

Other:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

High winds, dense tourist shipping

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:932 - Full

Form 2 - Site Survey Detail

Site #:

Data Type

CSK-09A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

In SSDB

Details of available data and data that are still to be collected

1a High resolution seismic reflection (primary)yes

Line: HH06-15
Position: CDP 1067

1b High resolution seismic seismic reflection (crossing)yes

Line: HH06-09
Position: CDP 3403

2a Deep penetration seismic reflection (primary)no2b Deep penetration seismic reflection (crossing)no

3 Seismic Velocityno4 Seismic Gridno5a Refraction (surface)no5b Refraction (bottom)

no6 3.5 kHzyes

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

7 Swath bathymetrynoData and info see Site CSK-01A

8a Side looking sonar (surface)noData and info see Site CSK-01A

8b Side looking sonar (bottom)no9 Photography or video

no10 Heat Flowno11a Magnetics

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

11b Gravity

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

12 Sediment coresyes~2m long gravity core (POS513/20), 9 km from site position showing soft
hemipelagic muds with carbonate clasts, some cm thick intercalated ash
layers and two dm-scaled tephra layers unto coarse ash and fine lapilli (upto 1 cm); Sedimentation rate ~9 cm/ka.

13 Rock samplingno14a Water current datano14b Ice Conditions

no15 OBS microseismicity

no16 Navigationyes

17 Otherno

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

HH06-15.txt, HH06-09.txt

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 4 - Environmental Protection

932 - Full

Site #:

CSK-09A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Pollution & Safety Hazard

Comment

1. Summary of operations at site

Tripple APC/HLAPC (Holes A, B, C) to refusal including 4 temperature measurements, eachfollowed by XCB to 595 mbsf including 10 meters of basement or until refusal, log as shown on
form 1

2. All hydrocarbon occurrences based on
previous DSDP/ODP/IODP drillingno3. All commercial drilling in this area that
produced or yielded significant
hydrocarbon showsnon

4. Indications of gas hydrates at thislocationnon

5. Are there reasons to expecthydrocarbon accumulations at this site?

non

6. What "special" precautions will betaken during drilling?

non

7. What abandonment procedures need
to be followed?

non

8. Natural or manmade hazards which
may affect ship's operations

sailing traffic may be existent but minimized during autumn to early spring

9. Summary: What do you consider the
major risks in drilling at this site?

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 5 - Lithologies

932 - Fullreflectors,
Subbottom Key
depth (m) unconformities,
faults, etc

Site #:

CSK-09A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Age (My)

Assumedvelocity(km/s)

Lithology

Paleo-environment

Avg. accum.
rate (m/My)

Comments

Pleistocene/
Holocene

1.6

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites

filled submarine riftbasin

140

lithology similar like ingravity core;interpretation after
Nomikou et al. (2018)130

chaotic layering
implicate kind of
mass transport
deposits and highsedimentation rate
due to tectonics?;
interpretation after
Nomikou et al. (2018)

120

More turbiditic
deposits andsubhorizontal
layering, tectonics?
Interpretation
Nomikou et al. (2018)

120

Chaotic layering
implicates masstransport deposits
and high
sedimentation rate
due to tectonics?
Interpretation
Nomikou et al. (2018)120

steep bedding
assumes tectonics
after initial fill.
Interpretation
Nomikou et al. (2018)
initial filling sequenceof the rift with mixed
volcaniclastic andcontinental material.
Interpretation
Nomikou et al. (2018)

0 - 34

Seismic unit B6:
horizontal dipping
beds andunconformity into B5

34 - 248

Seismic unit B5:
subhorizontal
dipping beds,
several stronger
reflectors distributed
within the unit;
chaotic layering in
the upper part?

248 - 346

Seismic unit B4 with
subhorizontal
dipping beds,
several stronger
reflectors distributed
within the unit

346 - 461

Seismic unit B3.
Subhorizontal
bedding, chaotic
layer, MTD?
Unconformity onto
steep layered unit
B2.

Early
Pleistocene/
Pliocene

461 - 507

Seismic unit B2

Pleistocene

Early?
Pleistocene

1.8

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTD´s?

2.0

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTD´s?

filled submarine riftbasin

filled submarine riftbasinhemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTD´s?

filled submarine riftbasin

earlyPleistocene?/ 2.4
Plioceneturbidites,
hemipelagics,
volcaniclastics,
MTD´sfilled submarine riftbasin

507 - 585

Seismic unit B1;
unconformity into
continental
basement

Pliocene

2.6

MTD´s, sands andgravel, turbidites,
hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics

submarine tocontinental; initial
filling of a rift basin

110585 - 595

continental
basement

Mesozoic

3.0

limestone, shists,
granites

continental
basement??

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

2.1

CSK-09A
NW

SE

ENE

HH06-15

1Km

HH06-09

SE

WSW

ENE

TWT(msec)
1Km

NW

c)

d)

B6

B5

B5

B4

TWT(msec)

TWT(msec)b)

WSW

TWT(msec)

a)

BS

B3
B2

B1

1Km

HH06-15

B6

B4
B3
Slump
B1

B2
BS

HH06-09

1Km

CSK-09A: HH06-15, CDP 1067 (a and c); HH06-09, CDP 3403 (b and d)Files to be uploaded to SSDB:
Location map: CSK-09A-10a_location.pdf
SEGY-data data: HH06-15.sgy, HH06-09.sgy
Navigation data: HH06-15.txt, HH06-09.txt
Bathymetry: CSK_Bathymetry.grd, CSK_Bathymetry.pdf
Backscatter: CSK_Backscatter.grd, CSK_Backscatter.pdf
Gravity-FreeAir: CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.grd, CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.pdf
Gravity-Bouguer: CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.grf,CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.pdf

Site Information:
Coordinates: 36.5656/25.7613
Water depth: 694m
Penetration: 595m

Additional data available:
Magnetic: CSK_Magnetic.grd,CSK_Magnetic.pdf
3.5kHz: Sediment_Proﬁler.zip, contains 3.5kHz proﬁles, do not run along site survey proﬁleIODP Site Forms

932 - Full

Form 1 – General Site Information

Section A: Proposal Information

Proposal Title

Date Form Submitted

Volcanism and tectonics in an island-arc rift environment (VolTecArc): Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo marine
volcanic field, Greece

2019-03-29 20:21:19

Site-Specific CSK-10A is sited in the Anafi Basin. The aim is to penetrate the entire volcano-sedimentary fill of this basin
Objectives with as far as the Alpine basement. The basin potentially records the full volcanic history of Santorini (and any
older centres) since rift inception, but not of Kolumbo Volcano. The hole will reconstruct the subsidence andPriority

sedimentary history of this basin, to compare with that of the Anhydros Basin. It will transect the topmost five(Must include generalof the six seismic units present in the basin (B2 to B6).
objectives in proposal)

List Previous
Drilling in Area

DSDP hole 378 was drilled in 1975 in the Cretan basin 60 km SSW of Santorini

Section B: General Site Information

Site Name:

Area or Location: Anafi Basin, Aegean Sea, Greece

CSK-10A

If site is a reoccupation of an
old DSDP/ODP Site, Please
include former Site#

Latitude:Deg:

Longitude:

Deg:

Distance to Land: 10(km)

25.7714

Coordinate System:
Priority of Site:

Jurisdiction: Greek territorial waters

36.5494

WGS 84
Primary:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00⃞

Alternate:✓⃞

Water Depth (m): 672

Section C: Operational Information

Proposed
Penetration (m):Sediments

Basement368

9

Total Sediment Thickness (m)368

Total Penetration (m):General Lithologies:
Coring Plan:(Specify or check)

Limestone, schist or granite

Muds, volcaniclastics, debris flows, turbidites

3 Holes APC/HLAPC to refusal, each followed by XCB to 377 mbsf including 10 meters into basement or until refusal,
wireline logging in Hole C (Tripple Combo, FMS Sonic, VSI)
APC

Wireline Logging
Plan:

377

✓

XCB

✓

RCB

Standard Measurements

Special Tools

✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓

Magnetic Susceptibility

WL
Porosity
DensityGamma Ray
Resistivity
Sonic (∆t)
Formation Image (Res)VSP (zero offset)

Borehole Temperature✓✓

Re-entry

PCS

Other
tools:

Formation Image(Acoustic)
VSP (walkaway)
LWD

Formation Temperature& Pressure
Other Measurements:

Estimated Days:

Drilling/Coring:

6.4

Logging:1

Total On-site:

7.4

Observatory Plan:

Longterm Borehole Observation Plan/Re-entry Plan

Potential Hazards/
Weather:

Shallow Gas

Complicated Seabed
Condition

Hydrothermal Activity

Preferred weather window

Hydrocarbon

Soft SeabedLandslide and Turbidity
Current

Late autumn,
winter or early
springShallow Water Flow

Currents

Gas Hydrate

Abnormal Pressure

Fracture Zone

Diapir and Mud Volcano

Man-made Objects

Fault

High Temperature

H2S

High Dip Angle

Ice Conditions(e.g., sea-floor cables,
dump sites)

CO2
Sensitive marine
habitat (e.g., reefs,

vents)

Other:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

High winds, dense tourist shipping

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:932 - Full

Form 2 - Site Survey Detail

Site #:

Data Type

CSK-10A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

In SSDB

Details of available data and data that are still to be collected

1a High resolution seismic reflection (primary)yes

Line: HH06-15
Position: CDP 906

1b High resolution seismic seismic reflection (crossing)yes

Line: HH06-04
Position: CDP 1755

2a Deep penetration seismic reflection (primary)no2b Deep penetration seismic reflection (crossing)no

3 Seismic Velocityno4 Seismic Gridno5a Refraction (surface)no5b Refraction (bottom)

no6 3.5 kHzno

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

7 Swath bathymetrynoData and info see Site CSK-01A

8a Side looking sonar (surface)noData and info see Site CSK-01A

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

8b Side looking sonar (bottom)
9 Photography or video

no10 Heat Flowno11a Magnetics

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

11b Gravity

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

12 Sediment coresyes~2m long gravity core (POS513/20), 8 km from site position showing soft
hemipelagic muds with carbonate clasts, some cm thick intercalated ash
layers and two dm-scaled tephra layers unto coarse ash and fine lapilli (upto 1 cm); Sedimentation rate ~9 cm/ka.

13 Rock samplingno14a Water current datano14b Ice Conditions

no15 OBS microseismicity

no16 Navigationyes

17 Otherno

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

HH06-04.txt, HH06-04.txt

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 4 - Environmental Protection

932 - Full

Site #:

CSK-10A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Pollution & Safety Hazard

Comment

1. Summary of operations at site

Tripple APC/HLAPC (Holes A, B, C) to refusal including 4 temperature measurements, eachfollowed by XCB to 377 mbsf including 10 meters of basement or until refusal, log as shown on
form 1

2. All hydrocarbon occurrences based on
previous DSDP/ODP/IODP drillingnon

3. All commercial drilling in this area that
produced or yielded significant
hydrocarbon showsnon

4. Indications of gas hydrates at thislocationnon

5. Are there reasons to expecthydrocarbon accumulations at this site?

non

6. What "special" precautions will betaken during drilling?

non

7. What abandonment procedures need
to be followed?

non

8. Natural or manmade hazards which
may affect ship's operations

sailing traffic may be existent but minimized during autumn to early spring

9. Summary: What do you consider the
major risks in drilling at this site?

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 5 - Lithologies

932 - Fullreflectors,
Subbottom Key
depth (m) unconformities,
faults, etc

Site #:

CSK-10A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Age (My)

Assumedvelocity(km/s)

Lithology

Paleo-environment

Avg. accum.
rate (m/My)

Comments

0 - 19

Seismic unit B6:
horizontal dipping
beds andunconformity into B5

Pleistocene/
Holocene

1.6

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites

filled submarine riftbasin

110lithology similar like ingravity core;interpretation
Nomikou et al. (2018)19 - 217

Seismic unit B5:
subhorizontal
dipping beds,
several stronger
reflectors distributed
within the unit;
chaotic layering in
the upper part?

Pleistocene

1.8

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTD´s?

filled submarine riftbasin

100Interpretation
Nomikou et al. (2018)

217 - 255

Seismic unit B4:
subhorizontal
dipping beds,
several stronger
reflectors distributed
within the unit

Early?
Pleistocene

2.0

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTD´s?

filled submarine riftbasin

90

Interpretation
Nomikou et al. (2018)

255 - 308

Seismic unit B3:
subhorizontal
bedding, chaotic
layer, MTD?,
unconformity into
steep layered B2

Early
Pleistocene/
Pliocene

2.1

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites, MTD´s?

filled submarine riftbasin

80

Interpretation
Nomikou et al. (2018)308 - 368

Seismic unit B2;
unconformity withbasement (unit B1
absent)early
Pleistocene?/ 2.4
Plioceneturbidites,
hemipelagics,
volcaniclastics,
MTD´sfilled submarine riftbasin

70

Interpretation
Nomikou et al. (2018)368 - 377

continental
basement

Mesozoic

limestone, shists,
granites

continental
basement??

Interpretation
Nomikou et al. (2018)

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

3.0

CSK-10A
NW

b)

WNW

ESE

HH06-15

1Km

HH06-04

SE

WNW

ESE

SE

TWT(msec)

TWT(msec)

a)

1Km

NW

d)

B6
B5

B4

B5

TWT(msec)

TWT(msec)

c)

BS

B4
B3

BS
B2

B1

B3
B2

B6

B1

1Km

HH06-15

HH06-04

1Km

CSK-10A: HH06-15, CDP 906 (a and c); HH06-04, CDP 1755 (b and d)Files to be uploaded to SSDB:
Location map: CSK-09A-10A_location.pdf
SEGY-data data: HH06-15.sgy, HH06-04.sgy
Navigation data: HH06-15.txt, HH06-04.txt
Bathymetry: CSK_Bathymetry.grd, CSK_Bathymetry.pdf
Backscatter: CSK_Backscatter.grd, CSK_Backscatter.pdf
Gravity-FreeAir: CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.grd, CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.pdf
Gravity-Bouguer: CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.grf,CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.pdf

Site Information:
Coordinates: 36.5494/25.7714
Water depth: 672m
Penetration: 377m

Additional data available:
Magnetic: CSK_Magnetic.grd,CSK_Magnetic.pdf
3.5kHz: Sediment_Proﬁler.zip, contains 3.5kHz proﬁles, do not run along site survey proﬁleIODP Site Forms

932 - Full

Form 1 – General Site Information

Section A: Proposal Information

Proposal Title

Date Form Submitted

Volcanism and tectonics in an island-arc rift environment (VolTecArc): Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo marine
volcanic field, Greece

2019-03-29 20:21:19

Site-Specific CSK-11A is sited in the Christiana Basin. This basin is deeper than the Anhydros and Anafi Basins, and is
Objectives with located SW of Santorini. Its volcano-sedimentary fill potentially records the earlier volcanic history of the CSK
volcanic field (including the products of Christiana and early Santorini), as well as younger Santorini andPriority

possibly Milos Volcano. The hole will pass through three prominent volcanic units (PFI to PFIII) seen on(Must include generalseismic records. This site may move slightly following planned acquisition of new seismic data in theobjectives in proposal)
Christiana basin.

List Previous
Drilling in Area

DSDP hole 378 was drilled in 1975 in the Cretan basin 60 km SSW of Santorini

Section B: General Site Information

Site Name:

Area or Location: Christiana Basin, Aegean Sea,

CSK-11A

GreeceIf site is a reoccupation of an
old DSDP/ODP Site, Please
include former Site#

Latitude:Deg:

Longitude:

Deg:

Distance to Land: 10(km)

25.2142

Coordinate System:
Priority of Site:

Jurisdiction: Greek territorial waters

36.3897

WGS 84
Primary:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00✓⃞

Alternate:⃞

Water Depth (m): 408

Section C: Operational Information

Proposed
Penetration (m):Sediments

Basement

823

0Total Sediment Thickness (m)823

Total Penetration (m):General Lithologies:
Coring Plan:(Specify or check)Muds, volcaniclastics, debris flows, turbidites
2 Holes APC/HLAPC to refusal, each followed by XCB to 600 mbsf; drill ahead in Hole C to 575 mbsf with the option of one or two cored
RCB intervals of 50 meters in between and afterwards RCB to 823 mbsf; wireline logging in Hole C (Tripple Combo, FMS Sonic, VSI)

APC

Wireline Logging
Plan:

823

✓

XCB

✓

RCB

Standard Measurements

Special Tools

✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓

Magnetic Susceptibility

WL
Porosity
DensityGamma Ray
Resistivity
Sonic (∆t)
Formation Image (Res)VSP (zero offset)

Borehole Temperature✓✓✓

Re-entry

PCS

Other
tools:

Formation Image(Acoustic)
VSP (walkaway)
LWD

Formation Temperature& Pressure
Other Measurements:

Estimated Days:

Drilling/Coring:

10.2

Logging:

1.7

Total On-site:

11.9

Observatory Plan:

Longterm Borehole Observation Plan/Re-entry Plan

Potential Hazards/
Weather:

Shallow Gas

Complicated Seabed
Condition

Hydrothermal Activity

Preferred weather window

Hydrocarbon

Soft SeabedLandslide and Turbidity
Current

Late autumn,
winter or early
springShallow Water Flow

Currents

Gas Hydrate

Abnormal Pressure

Fracture Zone

Diapir and Mud Volcano

Man-made Objects

Fault

High Temperature

H2S

High Dip Angle

Ice Conditions(e.g., sea-floor cables,
dump sites)

CO2
Sensitive marine
habitat (e.g., reefs,

vents)

Other:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

High winds, dense tourist shipping

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:932 - Full

Form 2 - Site Survey Detail

Site #:

Data Type

CSK-11A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

In SSDB

Details of available data and data that are still to be collected

1a High resolution seismic reflection (primary)yes

Line: HH06-50
Position: CDP 8000

1b High resolution seismic seismic reflection (crossing)no

Not availble yet

2a Deep penetration seismic reflection (primary)no2b Deep penetration seismic reflection (crossing)no

3 Seismic Velocityno4 Seismic Gridno5a Refraction (surface)no5b Refraction (bottom)

no6 3.5 kHzno

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

7 Swath bathymetrynoData and info see Site CSK-01A

8a Side looking sonar (surface)noData and info see Site CSK-01A

8b Side looking sonar (bottom)no9 Photography or video

no10 Heat Flowno11a Magnetics

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

11b Gravity

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

12 Sediment coresno~1m and ~3.5m long gravity cores (POS513/60 and 9), 7 km and 17 km
from site position showing a) coarse or hardened volcaniclastics after 1
meter of soft hemipelagic muds (Minoan eruption deposits) and b)
homogenous hemipelagic muds with some 1 to 20 cm thick intercalated
ash layers (max grain size= 2 mm) ; Sedimentation rate ~6 cm/ka in core
POS513/9.

13 Rock samplingno14a Water current datano14b Ice Conditions

no15 OBS microseismicity

no16 Navigationyes

17 Otherno

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

HH06-50.txt

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 4 - Environmental Protection

932 - Full

Site #:

CSK-11A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Pollution & Safety Hazard

Comment

1. Summary of operations at site

Two holes (A, B) APC/HLAPC to refusal including 4 temperature measurements, each followed by
XCB to 600 mbsf; Hole C: RCB drilling ahead until 575 mbsf with the option of one or two coredintervals of 50 meters in between, afterwards RCB to 823 mbsf, log as shown on form 1

2. All hydrocarbon occurrences based on
previous DSDP/ODP/IODP drillingnon

3. All commercial drilling in this area that
produced or yielded significant
hydrocarbon showsnon

4. Indications of gas hydrates at thislocationnon

5. Are there reasons to expecthydrocarbon accumulations at this site?

non

6. What "special" precautions will betaken during drilling?

non

7. What abandonment procedures need
to be followed?

non

8. Natural or manmade hazards which
may affect ship's operations

sailing traffic may be existent but minimized during autumn to early spring

9. Summary: What do you consider the
major risks in drilling at this site?

coarser volcaniclastics from major eruptions

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:932 - Fullreflectors,
Subbottom Key
depth (m) unconformities,
faults, etc

0 - 2222 - 121

Form 5 - Lithologies

Late Bronze Age
eruption, submarine
pyroclastic flow
deposit (PF I)

Marinesedimentation
between pyroclastic
flows PF I and PF II

121 - 168

Seismic unit PF II,
probable pyroclastic
flow deposit from
Santorini

168 - 344

Marinesedimentation
between seismic
units PF II and PF
III, withvolcaniclastics fromChristiana, Santorini

Site #:

Age (My)0.0036

Pleistocene

Pleistocene;possibly
0.42 My

Pleistocene/
Pliocene?

CSK-11A

Assumedvelocity(km/s)

Lithology

1.6

Pumiceous tuffs,
debris flows andthin overlying
surface muds

1.65

1.8

1.85

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites

Pumiceous tuffs,
debris flows

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Paleo-environment

filled marine basin

filled marine basin

filled marine basin

filled marine basin

Avg. accum.
rate (m/My)

Comments>1,000,000

Based oninterpretation of
TsampourakiKraounaki et al.
(2018)

130

Based oninterpretation of
TsampourakiKraounaki et al.
(2018). Detailed
interpretation awaits
new planned seismic
acquisition>1,000,000

Based oninterpretation of
TsampourakiKraounaki et al.
(2018). Detailed
interpretation awaits
new planned seismic
acquisition

100

Based oninterpretation of
TsampourakiKraounaki et al.
(2018). Detailed
interpretation awaits
new planned seismic
acquisition

344 - 409

Possible pyroclastic
flow deposit (PF III)

Pleistocene/
Pliocene

1.9

Pumiceous tuffs,
debris flows?

filled marine basin>1,000,000

Detailed interpretation
awaits new planned
seismic acquisition.
This unit may not be(too deep) the sameas PF III of
TsampourakiKraounaki et al.
(2018)

409 - 823

Marinesedimentation prior
to seismic unit PF III

Pliocene

2.0

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites

filled marine basin

80

Detailed interpretation
awaits new planned
seismic acquisition.

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

CSK-11A
E

W

TWT(msec)a)

HH06-50W
intra I-II

PFIII

HH06-50

E

PFI
PFII

TWT(msec)

b)

0.5Km

intra II-III
sub-PFIII

0.5Km

CSK-11A: HH06-50, CDP 8458 (a and b)
Site Information:
Files to be uploaded to SSDB:Coordinates: 36.3897/25.2142
Location map: CSK-11A_location.pdf
Water depth: 408m
SEGY-data data: HH06-50.sgy
Penetration: 823m
Navigation data: HH06-50.txt
Bathymetry: CSK_Bathymetry.grd, CSK_Bathymetry.pdf
Backscatter: CSK_Backscatter.grd, CSK_Backscatter.pdf
Gravity-FreeAir: CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.grd, CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.pdf
Gravity-Bouguer: CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.grf,CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.pdf
Additional data available:
Magnetic: CSK_Magnetic.grd,CSK_Magnetic.pdf
3.5kHz: Sediment_Profiler.zip, contains 3.5kHz profiles, do not run along site survey profile.

IODP Site Forms

932 - Full

Form 1 – General Site Information

Section A: Proposal Information

Proposal Title

Date Form Submitted

Volcanism and tectonics in an island-arc rift environment (VolTecArc): Christiana-Santorini-Kolumbo marine
volcanic field, Greece

2019-03-29 20:21:19

Site-Specific CSK-12A is sited in the Christiana Basin. This basin is deeper than the Anhydros and Anafi Basins, and is
Objectives with located SW of Santorini. Its volcano-sedimentary fill potentially records the earlier volcanic history of the CSK
volcanic field (including the products of Christiana and early Santorini), as well as younger Santorini andPriority

possibly Milos Volcano. The hole will pass through three prominent volcanic units (PFI to PFIII) seen on(Must include generalseismic records. This site may move slightly following planned acquisition of new seismic data in theobjectives in proposal)
Christiana basin.

List Previous
Drilling in Area

DSDP hole 378 was drilled in 1975 in the Cretan basin 60 km SSW of Santorini

Section B: General Site Information

Site Name:

Area or Location: Christiana Basin, Aegean Sea,

CSK-12A

GreeceIf site is a reoccupation of an
old DSDP/ODP Site, Please
include former Site#

Latitude:Deg:

Longitude:

Deg:

Distance to Land: 10(km)

25.2352

Coordinate System:
Priority of Site:

Jurisdiction: Greek territorial waters

36.3842

WGS 84
Primary:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00⃞

Alternate:✓⃞

Water Depth (m): 367

Section C: Operational Information

Proposed
Penetration (m):Sediments

Basement

836

0Total Sediment Thickness (m)836

Total Penetration (m):General Lithologies:
Coring Plan:(Specify or check)Muds, volcaniclastics, debris flows, turbidites
2 Holes APC/HLAPC to refusal, each followed by XCB to 600 mbsf; drill ahead in Hole C to 575 mbsf with the option of one or two cored
RCB intervals of 50 meters in between and afterwards RCB to 836 mbsf; wireline logging in Hole C (Tripple Combo, FMS Sonic, VSI)

APC

Wireline Logging
Plan:

836

✓

XCB

✓

RCB

Standard Measurements

Special Tools

✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓

Magnetic Susceptibility

WL
Porosity
DensityGamma Ray
Resistivity
Sonic (∆t)
Formation Image (Res)VSP (zero offset)

Borehole Temperature✓✓✓

Re-entry

PCS

Other
tools:

Formation Image(Acoustic)
VSP (walkaway)
LWD

Formation Temperature& Pressure
Other Measurements:

Estimated Days:

Drilling/Coring:

10.2

Logging:

1.7

Total On-site:

11.9

Observatory Plan:

Longterm Borehole Observation Plan/Re-entry Plan

Potential Hazards/
Weather:

Shallow Gas

Complicated Seabed
Condition

Hydrothermal Activity

Preferred weather window

Hydrocarbon

Soft SeabedLandslide and Turbidity
Current

Late autumn,
winter or early
springShallow Water Flow

Currents

Gas Hydrate

Abnormal Pressure

Fracture Zone

Diapir and Mud Volcano

Man-made Objects

Fault

High Temperature

H2S

High Dip Angle

Ice Conditions(e.g., sea-floor cables,
dump sites)

CO2
Sensitive marine
habitat (e.g., reefs,

vents)

Other:

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

High winds, dense tourist shipping

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:932 - Full

Form 2 - Site Survey Detail

Site #:

Data Type
1a High resolution seismic reflection (primary)

CSK-12A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

In SSDB

Details of available data and data that are still to be collectedyes

Line: SBL20060504_024625
Position: SP 1000

1b High resolution seismic seismic reflection (crossing)2a Deep penetration seismic reflection (primary)no2b Deep penetration seismic reflection (crossing)no

3 Seismic Velocityno4 Seismic Gridno5a Refraction (surface)no5b Refraction (bottom)

no6 3.5 kHzno

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

7 Swath bathymetrynoData and info see Site CSK-01A

8a Side looking sonar (surface)noData and info see Site CSK-01A

8b Side looking sonar (bottom)no9 Photography or video

no10 Heat Flowno11a Magnetics

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

11b Gravity

noData and info see Site CSK-01A

12 Sediment coresyes~1m and ~3.5m long gravity cores (POS513/60 and 9), 7 km and 17 km
from site position showing a) coarse or hardened volcaniclastics after 1
meter of soft hemipelagic muds (Minoan eruption deposits) and b)
homogenous hemipelagic muds with some 1 to 20 cm thick intercalated
ash layers (max grain size= 2 mm) ; Sedimentation rate ~6 cm/ka in core
POS513/9.

13 Rock samplingno14a Water current datano14b Ice Conditions

no15 OBS microseismicity

no16 Navigationyes

17 Otherno

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

Data and info see Site CSK-01A

SBL20060504_024625.txt

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 4 - Environmental Protection

932 - Full

Site #:

CSK-12A

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Pollution & Safety Hazard

Comment

1. Summary of operations at site

Two holes (A, B) APC/HLAPC to refusal including 4 temperature measurements, each followed by
XCB to 600 mbsf; Hole C: RCB drilling ahead until 575 mbsf with the option of one or two coredintervals of 50 meters in between, afterwards RCB to 836 mbsf, log as shown on form 1

2. All hydrocarbon occurrences based on
previous DSDP/ODP/IODP drillingnon

3. All commercial drilling in this area that
produced or yielded significant
hydrocarbon showsnon

4. Indications of gas hydrates at thislocationnon

5. Are there reasons to expecthydrocarbon accumulations at this site?

non

6. What "special" precautions will betaken during drilling?

non

7. What abandonment procedures need
to be followed?

non

8. Natural or manmade hazards which
may affect ship's operations

sailing traffic may be existent but minimized during autumn to early spring

9. Summary: What do you consider the
major risks in drilling at this site?

coarser volcaniclastics from major eruptions

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

IODP Site Forms

Proposal #:Form 5 - Lithologies

932 - Fullreflectors,
Subbottom Key
depth (m) unconformities,
faults, etc

Site #:

Age (My)

0 - 43Late Bronze Age
eruption, submarine
pyroclastic flow
deposit

43 - 122

Marinesedimentation
between pyroclastic
flows PFI and PFII

122 - 144

Seismic unit PFII,
probable pyroclastic
flow from Santorini

0.42 My?

144 - 320

Marinesedimentation
between pyroclastic
flows PFII and PFIII

Pleistocene/
Pliocene?

0.0036

Pleistocene

CSK-12A

Assumedvelocity(km/s)

Lithology

1.6

Pumiceous tuff,
debris flows andthin overlying
surface muds

1.65

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites

1.8

Pumiceous tuff,
debris flow

1.85

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites

Date Form Submitted: 2019-03-29 20:21:19

Paleo-environment

filled marine basin

filled marine basin

filled marine basin

filled marine basin

Avg. accum.
rate (m/My)

Comments>1,000,000

Based oninterpretation of
TsampourakiKraounaki et al.
(2018).

130

Based oninterpretation of
TsampourakiKraounaki et al.
(2018).

>1,000,000

Based oninterpretation of
TsampourakiKraounaki et al.
(2018).

100

Based oninterpretation of
TsampourakiKraounaki et al.
(2018).

320 - 382

Possible pyroclastic
flow deposit (PF III)

Pleistocene/
Pliocene

1.9

Pumiceous tuffs,
debris flows?

rifted marine basin>1,000,000

Detailed interpretation
awaits new planned
seismic acquisition.
This unit may not be(too deep) the sameas PF III of
TsampourakiKraounaki et al.
(2018)

382 - 836

Marinesedimentation prior
to seismic unit PF III

Pliocene

2.0

hemipelagic muds,
volcaniclastics,
turbidites

rifted marine basin

80

Detailed interpretation
awaits new planned
seismic acquisition.

Generated: 2019-03-29T20:29:12+00:00

E

W

TWT(msec)

CSK-12Aa)

0.5Km

SLB20060504_024625

E

W

TWT(msec)b)

intra I-II
intra II-III

PFI
PFII
PFIII

sub-PFIIISLB20060504_024625
CSK-12A: SLB20060504_024625, Trace 1000 (a and b)

0.5Km

Site Information:
Coordinates: 36.3842/25.2352
Water depth: 367m
Penetration: 836m

Files to be uploaded to SSDB:
Location map: CSK-12A_location.pdf
SEGY-data data: SLB20060504_024625.sgy
Navigation data: SLB20060504_024625.txt
Bathymetry: CSK_Bathymetry.grd, CSK_Bathymetry.pdf
Backscatter: CSK_Backscatter.grd, CSK_Backscatter.pdf
Gravity-FreeAir: CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.grd, CSK_Gravity_FreeAir.pdf
Gravity-Bouguer: CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.grf,CSK_Gravity_Bouguer.pdf

Additional data available:
Magnetic: CSK_Magnetic.grd,CSK_Magnetic.pdf
3.5kHz: Sediment_Profiler.zip, contains 3.5kHz profiles, do not run along site survey profile.