JAEA-Review
2016-025
DOI:10.11484/jaea-review-2016-025

JAEA-Tokai Tandem Annual Report 2013
April 1, 2013 – March 31, 2014
Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator

Nuclear Science Research InstituteSector of Nuclear Science Research

December 2016
Japan Atomic Energy Agency

日本原子力研究開発機構

本レポートは国立研究開発法人日本原子力研究開発機構が不定期に発行する成果報告書です。
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なお、本レポートの全文は日本原子力研究開発機構ホームページ（http://www.jaea.go.jp）
より発信されています。
国立研究開発法人日本原子力研究開発機構 研究連携成果展開部 研究成果管理課〒319-1195 茨城県那珂郡東海村大字白方 2 番地4
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Tel +81-29-282-6387, Fax +81-29-282-5920, E-mail:ird-support@jaea.go.jp© Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2016

JAEA-Review 2016-025

JAEA-Tokai Tandem Annual Report 2013
April 1, 2013 – March 31, 2014
Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator
Nuclear Science Research InstituteSector of Nuclear Science Research
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken(Received October 3, 2016)
The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)-Tokai tandem accelerator complex has been usedin various research fields such as nuclear science and material science by researchers not
only of JAEA but also from universities, research institutes and industrial companies. Thisannual report covers developments of accelerators and research activities carried out using
the tandem accelerator and superconducting booster from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2014.
Thirty-one summary reports were categorized into seven research/development fields:(1) accelerator operation(2) nuclear structure(3) nuclear reaction(4) nuclear chemistry(5) nuclear theory(6) atomic physics and solid state physics(7) radiation effects in materials.
This report also lists publications, meetings, personnel, committee members, cooperative
researches and common use programs.

Keywords : JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator, Operation Results, Nuclear Structure, Nuclear
Reaction, Nuclear Chemistry, Nuclear Theory, Atomic Physics, Solid State Physics,
Radiation Effects in Materials, Progress Report

Editors: Akihiko OSA, Katsuhisa NISHIO, Kazuaki TSUKADA, Norito ISHIKAWA,
Yosuke TOH, Hiroyuki KOURA, Nariaki OHKUBO and Makoto MATSUDA

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原子力機構東海タンデム加速器 2013 年度年次報告

日本原子力研究開発機構
原子力科学研究部門
原子力科学研究所
研究炉加速器管理部（2016 年 10 月 3 日受理）

日本原子力研究開発機構（原子力機構）東海タンデム加速器施設は、原子核科学や物質科学な
どの様々な分野において、原子力機構を始めとして、大学や公立研究機関、民間企業に利用されている。本年次報告書は、タンデム加速器およびブースター加速器を利用し、2013 年 4 月 1 日から 2014 年 3 月 31 日までの期間に実施された研究活動の英文要約をまとめたものである。総数 31件の要約を下記の７部門に分類した。
（１）加速器の運転状況（２）原子核構造（３）原子核反応（４）核化学（５）原子核理論（６）原子物理及び固体物理（７）材料の照射効果
また、発表論文と会議での口頭発表、タンデム加速器に関与した職員、タンデム加速器専門部会
委員、大学等との共同研究課題、及び施設共用課題のリストを掲載した。

原子力科学研究所：〒319-1195

茨城県那珂郡東海村大字白方 2-4

編集者： 長

明彦、西尾

勝久、塚田

和明、石川

藤

暢輔、小浦

寛之、大久保

iiii

成彰、松田

法人、
誠

JAEA-Review
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Foreword
This report covers research and development activities with the tandem accelerator and its superconducting
booster at JAEA Tokai, for the period of FY 2013 (April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2014). The tandem
accelerator was operated over a total of 152 days and delivered 19 different ion beams to experiments in thefields of nuclear physics, nuclear chemistry, atomic physics, solid state physics and radiation effects inmaterials. Thirty-three research programs were carried out in collaboration with a total of about 100
researchers from universities and research institutes.
The following are the highlights in FY 2013:
In the field of nuclear structure: Coulomb excitation experiment of 130Xe was performed to deduce B(E2)values and quadrupole moments. The first excited 2+ state in 252Fm was determined by the α decay of 256No.
It suggests that 252Fm has the character of the double deformed-shell closure. The fluorescence from the W
atoms was observed by the on-line gas cell laser spectroscopy.
In the field of nuclear reactions: Multi-nucleon transfer induced fission was used to measure the fission
fragment mass distributions and their dependence on the excitation energy of compound nucleus. In thereaction of 18O + 232Th, it was shown that data for more than 14 actinide nuclei were obtained in a single
measurement, including new data of 234Th and 234, 235, 236Pa. Also, development for the measurement ofprompt neutrons has started.
In the field of nuclear chemistry: Medical use radioisotope 211At which is a promising α-emitter for cancer
therapy were produced using a new 211Rn-211At generator technique, and the radiolabeling reactions ofastatinated phenylalanine were also investigated. The first Compton camera imaging picture with gamma
rays from 95mTc isotope which is produced via the natMo(p, n)95mTc reaction were successfully reported.
Fundamental researches on the chemistry of heavy- and trans-actinides were also performed, and thefurther progress will be expected and give us to open up a new research field related to the heavy element
chemistry.
In the field of nuclear theory: Shell-model calculations for neutron-rich calcium and scandium isotopes arecarried out for qualifying the strength of the N=34 shell gap, and a reasonable shell gap is obtained with the
GCPF1Br interaction. Although this is a modest shell gap being close to the N=32 gap, it is much larger
than the sub-shell gaps of the nickel region that are less than 1 MeV.

Furthermore, a systematic fission

barrier calculation in the superheavy nuclear mass region is carried out with the KTUY nuclear mass-model
calculation, and we find an existence of ‘peninsula’ of stability of nuclei along 228 of the number ofneutron with between 114 and 126 of the number of protons.

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In the field of atomic physics and solid-state physics: A new method to improve sensitivity to lithium
diffusion coefficients is proposed. Since lithium diffusion coefficients could not be measured by theprevious method below 200℃, in the present study measurement of the lithium diffusion coefficients in
Li2O-V2O5-SiO2 (LVSO) thin film was performed at low temperature (e.g. 100℃). The detection limit forthe diffusion coefficients was improved by about two orders of magnitude in comparison to that achieved
with the previous method.
In the field of radiation effects in materials: CeO2 was irradiated with Au ions in the energy range of
200-340 MeV at oblique incidence. Observation of as-irradiated samples by transmission electron
microscope (TEM) has shown that many of the hillocks are found to be spherical. It is the first time that the
crystal structure of the hillocks created for CeO2 is revealed. It is found that the crystal orientation andstructure of the hillocks coincide with those of the matrix of CeO2.

Yoji MURAYAMA, Director, Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator

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Contents

1. ACCELERATOR OPERATION ················································································· 1
1.1

Operation and usage of tandem accelerator and booster ················································· 3
A. Osa, S. Hanashima, S. Abe, T. Ishii, N. Ishizaki, H. Tayama, M. Matsuda, T. Nakanoya, H. Kabumoto,
M. Nakamura, K. Kutsukake, Y. Otokawa and T. Asozu

2. NUCLEAR STRUCTURE ························································································ 5
2.1

Coulomb excitation experiment of 130Xe ··································································· 7
M. Koizumi, Y. Toh, A. Kimura, K. Furutaka, H. Harada, F. Kitatani, S. Nakamura and M. Sugawara

2.2

Measurement of the first excited 2+ state in 252Fm ························································ 9
M. Asai, K. Tsukada, Y. Kasamatsu, Y. Ishii, A. Toyoshima, T. K. Sato, Y. Nagame,I. Nishinaka, H. Haba and T. Ishii

2.3

Development of an on-line gas cell for laser spectroscopy of refractory elements ·················· 11
H. Iimura, F. Kitatani, M. Koizumi and M. Miyabe

3. NUCLEAR REACTION
3.1························································································ 13

Development of the JAEA Recoil Mass Separator for the study of
proton-rich nuclei around 100Sn ························································ 15
K. Nishio, R. Grzywacz, K. Rykaczewski, A. Andreyev, F.P. Heβerger, C. Barton, M. Bentley, N. Brewer,
C.J. Gross, K. Hirose, H. Ikezoe, D. Jenkins, B. Kindler, K. Kolos, B. Lommel, H. Makii, I. Nishinaka,
R. Orlandi, R. Léguillon, S. Go, J. Smallcombe, V. Truesdale and R. Wadsworth

3.2

Measurement of fission fragment mass distributions of compound nuclei populated
by multi-nucleon transfer reaction in 18O + 232Th ··································· 17
K. Nishio, R. Léguillon, K. Hirose, H. Makii, I. Nishinaka, O. Riccardo, T. Ishii, K. Tsukada, M. Asai,
S. Chiba, T. Ohtsuki, S. Araki, Y. Watanabe, R. Tatsuzawa, N. Tamura and S. Goto

3.3

Measurements of a branching ratio of 22Ne()26Mg/22Ne(,n)25Mg reactions ···················· 18
S. Ota, H. Makii, T. Ishii, C. Angell, S. Chiba, I. Nishinaka, K. Nishio and S. Mitsuoka

3.4

Benchmark experiment of the surrogate ratio method
to determine neutron capture cross-sections ·········································· 20
S. Yan, Z. Li, Y. Wang, J. Su, Y. Li, K. Nishio, H. Makii, K. Hirose and R. Orlandi

3.5

Fragment mass distribution measurement in 10B + 192, 193, 196Au reactions ··························· 21
K. Hirose, J.Smallcombe, A.N. Andreyev, K. Nishio, I. Nishinaka, H. Makii,
R. Orlandi, T. Ohtsuki and I. Tsekhanovich

3.6

Production of fission isomers by heavy-ion transfer reactionsin the sub-barrier energy region ························································ 23
T. Ishii, H. Makii, K. Nishio, I. Nishinaka, M. Asai and A. Makishimavv

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4. NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY ······················································································· 25
4.1

Synthesis and comparison of astatinated and iodinated amino acid derivatives
for the preparation of astatinated peptide··········································· 27
H. Suzuki , K. Hashimoto, I. Nishinaka, Sh. Watanabe, I. Sasaki and N. S. Ishioka

4.2

Measurement of 7Li-induced reaction cross sections of 209Bi
for development of a 211Rn-211At generator ········································ 29
E. Maeda, A. Yokoyama, T. Taniguchi, K. Washiyama and I. Nishinaka

4.3

Production of 95mTc for compton camera imaging ························································ 31
Y. Hatsukawa, K. Hashimoto, K. Tsukada, T.K. Sato, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, Y. Nagai, T. Tanimori,S. Sonoda, S. Kabuki, H. Saji and H. Kimura

4.4

Medical Radioisotope Production with Accelerator Neutrons by Deuterons ························ 33
K. Tsukada, N. Sato, M. Asai, T.K. Sato and Y. Nagai

4.5

Batch reduction and extraction experiments of Mo and W
for a future reduction experiment of seaborgium (Sg) ·························· 35
A. Toyoshima, S. Miyashita, K. Ooe, M. Asai, M. F. Attallah, N. Goto, N. S. Gupta, H. Haba, M. Huang,
M. Kaneko, J. Kanaya, Y. Kaneya, Y. Kasamatsu, Y. Kitatsuji, Y. Kitayama, K. Koga, Y. Komori,T. Koyama, J. V. Kratz, H. V. Lerum, Y. Oshimi, V. Pershina, D. Sato, T. K. Sato, Y. Shigekawa,
A. Shinohara, A. Tanaka, K. Tsukada, S. Tsuto, A. Vascon, T. Yokokita, A. Yokoyama, J. P. Omtvedt,
Y. Nagame and M. Schädel

4.6

Measurement of overall efficiencies of short-lived lanthanide isotopes with surface
ionization ion-source coupled to CdI2 gas-jet transport system ················· 37
T. K. Sato, M. Asai, N. Sato, Y. Kaneya, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, K. Ooe , S. Miyashita,
A. Osa, M. Schädel, Y. Nagame, S. Ichikawa, T. Stora and J. V. Kratz

5. NUCLEAR THEORY ···························································································· 39
5.1

New magic number N=34 from the energy levels of neutron-rich Ca and Sc isotopes ············· 41
Y. Utsuno, M. Honma, T. Otsuka, T. Togashi, N. Shimizu and T. Mizusaki

5.2

Fission barrier height by the spherical-basis method ····················································· 43
H. Koura

6. ATOMIC PHYSICS AND SOLID STATE PHYSICS ······················································· 45
6.1

Development for nanoscale lithium diffusion tracing method in Li ion battery materialusing 8Li radioactive tracer ························································· 47
H. Ishiyama, S. C. Jeong, Y. X. Watanabe, Y. Hirayama, N. Imai, H. Miyatake, A. Osa, Y. Otokawa,
M. Matsuda, H. Makii, T. K. Sato, A. Nakao, Y. H. Kim, M. Mukai and S. Kimura

6.2

Charge state distribution of tungsten ions after penetration of C-foil targets (II) ··················· 49
M. Imai, M. Sataka, M. Matsuda, S. Okayasu, K. Kawatsura, K. Takahiro, K. Komaki, K. Nishioand H. Shibata

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6.3

Coster Kronig electrons from excited Cq+ ions produced in the transmission
through thin carbon foils ···························································· 51
S. Tomita, R. Kinoshita, Y. Shiina, K. Sasa, M. Sataka, M. Matsuda, M. Imai and K. Kawatsura

7. RADIATION EFFECTS IN MATERIALS ···································································· 53
7.1

Nanosphere formation of CeO2 irradiated with high-energy heavy ions ····························· 55
N. Ishikawa, N. Okubo, T. Sonoda, T. Sawabe and M. Sasase

7.2

Ion track structure in CeO2 irradiated with swift heavy ions ··········································· 57
S. Takaki, K. Yasuda, S. Matsumura, N. Ishikawa and M. Matsuda

7.3

Shape and property control of metal nanoparticles by swift heavy ion irradiation ·················· 59
H. Amekura, N. Okubo and N. Ishikawa

7.4

Ion irradiation effects on WN films ········································································ 61
N. Matsunami, T. Teramoto, S. Okayasu, M. Sataka and H. Kakiuchida

7.5High energy ion induced electrical degradation of thin SiC ············································ 63
N. Okubo, T. Nozawa, K. Ozawa and N. Ishikawa

7.6

Flux pinning properties for B || c-axis and B || ab-planein high-Tc superconductors with splayed columnar defects ························ 65
T. Sueyoshi, Y. Furuki, T. Kai, T. Fujiyoshi and N. Ishikawa

7.7

Ion energy dependence of ferromagnetism induced
by energetic ion irradiation in CeO2 ··················································· 67
T. Kishino, N. Ishikawa , Y. Saitoh and A. Iwase

7.8

Effect of nuclear stopping power on the track formation in amorphous silicon nitride ············ 69
T. Kitayama, Y. Morita, K. Nakajima, M. Tsujimoto, S. Isoda, M. Mastuda, M. Sataka, K. Narumi,
Y. Saitoh and K. Kimura

7.9

Clustering of exchanged cations in Zeolite using high energy heavy ion irradiation ··············· 71
S. Okayasu and Y. Sasaki

7.10 Quantitative hydrogen analysis for hydrogen-implanted sapphire by NRA method ················ 73
N. Ishikawa, M. Matsuda, N. Okubo, H. Ogawa and I. Ioka

8.

PUBLICATION IN JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, AND
CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS ··············· 75
8.1

Accelerator Operation and Development ·································································· 77

8.2

Nuclear Structure ····························································································· 78

8.3

Nuclear Reaction ······························································································ 80

8.4

Nuclear Chemistry ···························································································· 84

8.5

Nuclear Theory ································································································ 86

8.6

Radiation Effects in Materials ··············································································· 89

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9. PERSONNEL AND COMMITTEE ············································································ 93
9.1

Personnel ······································································································· 95

9.2 Research Planning and Assessment Committee ·························································· 98

10.

NEW RESEARCH PROGRAMS ············································································· 99

10.1 New Research Programs Approved in the FY2013 ··················································· 101

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目

1. 加速器の運転状況
1.1······························································································· 1························································· 3

タンデム加速器とブースターの運転と利用
長

明彦、花島

仲野谷

2. 原子核構造
2.1

次

130

進、阿部

孝充、株本

裕史、中村

哲朗、石崎

暢彦、沓掛

暢洋、田山

健一、乙川

豪一、松田

義憲、遊津

誠、

拓洋

········································································································ 5

Xe のクーロン励起実験
小泉

信市、石井

光生、藤

················································································ 7

暢輔、木村

敦、古高

和禎、原田

秀郎、北谷

文人、中村

詔司、

菅原 昌彦

2.2

2.3

252

浅井

雅人、塚田

和明、笠松

良崇、石井

西中

一朗、羽場

宏光、石井

哲朗

康雄、豊嶋

厚史、佐藤

高融点元素のレーザー分光のためのオンラインガスセルの開発
飯村

3. 原子核反応3.1·········································································· 9

Fm の第一励起 2+準位の測定

秀紀、北谷

文人、小泉

光生、宮部

哲也、永目

···························· 11

昌文······································································································· 13

陽子過剰核 100Sn 領域原子核研究のための JAEA 反跳生成核分離装置の開発
西尾

諭一郎、

·············· 15

勝久、R. Grzywacz、K. Rykaczewski、A. Andreyev、F.P. Heβerger、C. Barton、

M. Bentley、N. Brewer、C.J. Gross、廣瀬K. Kolos、B. Lommel、牧井宏之、西中健太郎、池添博、D. Jenkins、B. Kindler、一朗、R. Orlandi、R. Léguillon、郷慎太郎、

J. Smallcombe、V. Truesdale、R. Wadsworth

3.2

3.3

18

22

O + 232Th の多核子移行反応で生成される複合核の核分裂片質量数分布の測定
西尾勝久、R. Léguillon、廣瀬

石井

哲朗、塚田

立澤

遼太郎、田村26

Ne(α,γ) Mg /和明、浅井健太郎、牧井

信行、後藤

雅人、千葉

22

敏、大槻

Ne(α,n) Mg 分岐比の測定

周也、牧井

宏之、石井

西尾

勝久、光岡

真一

哲郎、C. Angell、千葉

中性子捕獲断面積決定のための代理反応比法の検証

3.5

10

S. Yan、Z. Li、Y. Wang、J. Su、Y. Li、西尾

祥平、渡辺

幸信、

敏、西中

一朗、

············································ 20

勝久、牧井

宏之、廣瀬

健太郎、R. Orlandi

192,193,196

Au 反応における核分裂質量分布の測定·············································· 21

廣瀬健太郎、J. Smallcombe、A.N. Andreyev、西尾勝久、西中

R. Orlandi、大槻

3.6

勤、荒木

·················································· 18

3.4

B+

一朗、O. Riccardo、

真一

25

太田

宏之、西中

········ 17

一朗、牧井

宏之、

勤、I. Tsekhanovich

サブバリアエネルギー領域での重イオン核子移行反応による核分裂異性体の生成
石井

哲朗、牧井

宏之、西尾

勝久、西中

ix
ix

一朗、浅井

雅人、牧嶋

章泰

···· 23

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4. 核化学4.1············································································································· 25

アスタチン標識ペプチド作製に向けたアスタチンおよび······································ 27

ヨウ素標識アミノ酸誘導体の合成と比較
鈴木

4.2

211

博元、橋本

4.4

英太、横山

明彦、谷口

コンプトンカメラ撮像用
初川

雄一、橋本

谷森

達、園田

Tc の製造幸信、西中一朗······························································· 31
哲也、浅井

重人、佐治

望、浅井

典子

Bi の Li 誘起反応断面積測定 ······················· 29

和明、佐藤

真也、株木

一郎、石岡

7

拓海、鷲山

95m

和幸、塚田

和明、佐藤

英雄、木村

雅人、豊島

雅人、佐藤

厚史、永井

泰樹、

寛之

···································· 33

哲也、永井

泰樹

シーボーギウム（Sg）の還元実験に向けた Mo と W のバッチ還元抽出実験 ················ 35
豊嶋

厚史、宮下

直、大江

Nalinava S. Gupta、羽場
笠松

良崇、北辻

一弘、浅井

雅人、Mohamed F. Attallah、後藤

宏光、Minghui Huang、金子章浩、 北山Hans V. Lerum、押見

4.6

茂樹、佐々木209

重陽子を用いた加速器中性子による医療用 RI の合成研究
塚田

4.5

一朗、渡邉

Rn- At ジェネレータ開発のための
前田

4.3

和幸、西中

211

雄太、古賀

和樹、小森

吉成、Valeria Pershina、佐藤

田中

彰、塚田

和明、津藤

永目

諭一郎、Matthias Schädel

政志、金谷翔平、Alessio Vascon、横北淳平、金谷有希子、小山大輔、佐藤尚哉、

巧、Jens V. Kratz、

哲也、重河

卓也、横山

佑亮、

雄大、篠原

厚、

明彦、Jon P. Omtvedt、

He/CdI2 ガスジェット結合型表面電離イオン源における短寿命ランタノイド同位体の収率測定 ·········································· 37
佐藤

哲也、浅井

宮下

直、長

5. 原子核理論
5.1

雅人、佐藤

望、金谷

明彦、M. Schädel、永目

佑亮、塚田

和明、豊嶋

諭一郎、市川······································································································· 39

中性子過剰カルシウムおよびスカンジウム同位体の
宇都野

穣、本間

道雄、大塚

球形基底法による核分裂障壁
小浦

孝治、富樫

智章、清水

則孝、水崎

高浩

·········································································· 43························································································ 45

8Li 放射性トレーサーを用いたリチウムイオン電池材料内におけるナノスケールでの拡散実験手法開拓
石山
松田

6.2

······································ 41

寛之

6. 原子物理及び固体物理
6.1

一弘、

進一、T. Stora、J. V. Kratz

エネルギー準位による新中性子魔法数 34
5.2

厚史、大江

············································ 47

博恒、鄭 淳讃、渡辺 裕、平山 賀一、今井 伸明、宮武 宇也、長 明彦、乙川誠、牧井 宏之、佐藤 哲也、中尾 愛子、Y. H. Kim、向井 もも、木村 創大

炭素薄膜透過後のタングステンイオン電荷分布（Ⅱ）
今井

誠、左高

西尾

勝久、柴田

正雄、松田

誠、岡安

悟、川面

裕実

xx

義憲、

········································· 49

澄、高廣

克己、小牧

研一郎、

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6.3

炭素薄膜透過による励起 Cq+ からのコスタークロニッヒ電子
冨田

7.
7.1

正雄、松田

法人、大久保

成彰、園田

健、澤部

孝史、笹瀬

誠、今井

誠、川面

澄

聖也、安田

和弘、松村

晶、石川

宏、大久保

成彰、石川

WN 薄膜のイオン照射効果
紀明、寺本····································· 55

雅人··········································· 57

法人、松田

誠

············································ 59

高速重イオン照射によるナノ粒子の形状・物性制御

松波

7.5

公和、左高

高速重イオン照射した CeO2 中のイオントラック構造

雨倉

7.4

陽子、笹

高エネルギー重イオン照射した CeO2 におけるナノ球形成

高木

7.3

亮、椎名

······························································································· 53

材料の照射効果
石川

7.2

成夫、木下

································ 51

法人··············································································· 61

勉、岡安

悟、左高

正雄、垣内田洋

薄片加工した SiC における高エネルギーイオン照射誘起電気特性劣化··················· 63

大久保 成彰、野澤 貴史、小沢 和己、石川 法人

7.6

高温超伝導体の c 軸および ab 面方向におけるスプレイ柱状欠陥 の磁束ピンニング特性
末吉

7.7

7.9

裕一、甲斐

隆史、藤吉

孝則、石川

法人

セリアのイオンビーム誘起強磁性のイオンエネルギー依存性
岸野

7.8

哲郎、古木

····································· 65

孝典、石川

法人、斉藤

勇一、岩瀬

······························· 67

彰宏

非晶質窒化シリコン中のトラック形成に対する核的阻止能の効果
北山

巧、森田

陽亮、中嶋

鳴海

一雅、斎藤

勇一、木村

薫、辻本

政彦、磯田

正二、松田

························· 69

誠、左高

正雄、

健二

高エネルギー重イオン照射によるゼオライト中の交換カチオンのクラスター化
岡安

悟、佐々木

優吉

7.10 水素注入したサファイアにおける NRA 法による水素定量分析
石川

法人、松田

······· 71

誠、大久保

成彰、小河

8. 雑誌及び国際会議等の刊行物、学会発表

浩晃、井岡······························· 73

郁夫································································ 75

8.1

加速器の運転状況及び開発············································································· 77

8.2

原子核構造

·································································································· 78

8.3

原子核反応

·································································································· 80

8.4

核化学

8.5

原子核理論

8.6

材料の照射効果········································································································ 84·································································································· 86···························································································· 89

9. 関連課室職員及び委員会····················································································· 93

9.1

課室職員

····································································································· 95

9.2

委員会

········································································································ 98xixiJAEA-Review
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10. 新規研究テーマ······························································································· 99

10.1 2013 年度に採択された新規研究テーマ··························································· 101

xii
xii

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CHAPTER 1
Accelerator Operation

1.1

Operation and usage of tandem accelerator and booster-- 11 --

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1.1

Operation and usage of tandem accelerator and booster

A. Osa1, S. Hanashima1, S. Abe1, T. Ishii1, N. Ishizaki1, H. Tayama1, M. Matsuda1,
T. Nakanoya1, H. Kabumoto1, M. Nakamura1, K. Kutsukake1, Y. Otokawa1 and T. Asozu1

The tandem accelerator was operated for experiments from April 1, 2013 to May 26, from June 17 to July
15, from October 7 to January 15, 2014, and from March 3 to March 31. The experiments at May 27 and 28,
2013 were terminated by the accident of J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility. The total operation
time of the tandem accelerator for FY2013 (from April 1, 2013 to March 31, 2014) was 152
days and 19 different beams were delivered for experiments. The experimental proposal andthe usage of the beam times for FY2013 are summarized in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively.

Table 2. Usage of beam-times
in different research fields.
Research field
Beam time(days) (%)
Nuclear physics
47
30.9
Nuclear chemistry40
26.3
Atomic and materials sciences55
36.2
Accelerator development
10
6.6
total
152
100

Table 1. Experimental proposals.
Research proposals acceptedby the program advisory committee:
In-house staff proposals
2
Collaboration proposals
7
Shared use proposal
9
Number of experiments proposed
33
Total number of scientists
participating in research
100
from outside
50
in-house
34
Number of institutions presented

Distributions of the terminal voltages and ion species for experiments are shown in Fig.1 andFig.2, respectively. Half of the beams were extracted from three negative ion sources,
SNICS-2. The proton beam and multiply charged ion beams of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and rare gases
were ionized and extracted from in-terminal ECR ion source. In addition, we succeeded at extractingof Nickel beam by using nickerocene seed.

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)- 3 --

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Terminal Voltage (MV)

2.5%
2.5%
2.5%
2.5%
1.9%
4.3%
4.3%
0.6%

12.3%

21.0%
28.4%

Beam Species

8.6%
5.6%

2.5%
0.6%

Operating time (days)

Operating time (days)
Fig.1

Distribution of terminal voltages.

Fig.2

Distribution of beam species
accelerated for experiments.

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CHAPTER 2
Nuclear Structure

2.1

Coulomb excitation experiment of 130Xe

2.2

Measurement of the first excited 2+ state in 252Fm

2.3

Development of an on-line gas cell for laser spectroscopy of refractory elements-- 55 --

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2.1

Coulomb excitation experiment of 130Xe

M. Koizumi1, Y. Toh1, A. Kimura1, K. Furutaka1, H. Harada1, F. Kitatani1, S. Nakamura1
and M. Sugawara2

Stable Xe isotopes gradually change in their properties from a -unstable character (A ~ 124) to avibrational one (A = 134) [1]. This change is considered as a shape phase transition from O(6) to U(5), in
terms of the dynamic symmetry of the IBM. Theoretical calculations suggested that the E(5) critical pointof the shape phase transition could appear at around A = 130 in Xe isotopes [2,3]. Information onelectromagnetic properties of those nuclei, such as B(E2) values and quadrupole moments, is required tounderstand this change of nuclear properties. As for 130Xe, which is considered to be a -unstable nuclei, no
B(E2) of the ground and 22+ band has been measured except for B(E2: 21+ → 01+). Quadrupole moments of
low-lying states of 130Xe have not been measured yet.
Coulomb excitation is a useful method for measuring B(E2)s and quadrupole moments in low-lying groundstates of nuclei [4,5]. Our systematic study of stable nuclei with A ~ 70 revealed nuclear properties andtheir changes [6-13]. To extend our systematic study to another mass region, we have started Coulomb
excitation experiments of 126-136Xe isotopes.
To measure quadrupole moments of 130Xe, we applied a technique of inverse kinematics. The energy of130

Xe beam was 370 MeV, and the beam current was approximately 0.3 pnA. Carbon foil target with athickness of 514 mg/cm2 was used. The beam energy is below the Coulomb barrier. The experimental
apparatus consisted of a -ray detector array, GEMINI-II [14,15], and a position sensitive particle detector
array, LUNA [16]. The scattering angles of the recoiled carbon particles were measured by LUNA, while
those of the incident particles were small enough not to hit the particle detectors. Totally, 2.3×107
particle- coincidence events were collected.
Data of recoil angles were used for Doppler-shift correction of observed -ray energies. Figure 1 shows a
Doppler-corrected -ray spectrum. 130Xe was excited up to the 41+ state. De-excitation  rays of 21+ → 01+(536.1 keV), 22+ → 21+ (586.0 keV), and 41+ → 21+ (668.5 keV) transitions were observed. The Coulomb
excitation probabilities change with the scattering angle. Analysis of the observed ray yields for eachscattering angle is in progress with a 2 minimum search code, GOSIA, to deduce the matrix elements of
the relevant electromagnetic transitions.

1
2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Chiba Institute of Technology-- 77 --

1

2

10

0

10
400
Fig. 1

4 +
1
→

2

2 +
2 +
1
→

Yield [count]

4

10

2 +

2 +
1
→

1

0 +

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600
Energy [keV]800

A Doppler-corrected spectrum obtained with a Ge detector. Three de-excitation transitions wereobserved.

References[1] R.F. Casten and P.V. Brentano, Phys. Lett., 152 (1985) 22.
[2] D.L. Zhang and Y.X. Liu, Chin. Phys. Lett., 20 (2003) 1028-1030.
[3] R. Fossin, Dennis Bonatsos and G.A. Lalazissis, Phys. Rev. C, 73 (2006) 044310.
[4] K. Alder and A. Winther, Coulomb Excitation (Academic, New York, 1966).
[5] K. Alder and A. Winther, Electromagnetic Excitation (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1975).
[6] Y. Toh et al., J. Phys. G, 27 (2001) 1475-1480.
[7] Y. Toh et al., Eur. Phys. J. A, 9 (2000) 353-356.
[8] A. Osa et al., Phys. Lett. B, 546 (2002) 48-54.
[9] M. Zielinska et al., Nucl. Phys. A, 712 (2002) 3-13.
[10] M. Koizumi et al., Eur. Phys. J. A, 18 (2003) 87-92.
[11] M. Sugawara et al., Eur. Phys. J. A, 16 (2003) 409-414.
[12] M. Koizumi et al., Nucl. Phys. A, 736 (2003) 46-58.
[13] T. Hayakawa et al., Phys. Rev. C, 67 (2003) 064310.
[14] K. Furuno et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 421 (1999) 211; M. Oshima et al., J. Radioanal.
Nucl. Chem., 278 (2008) 257-262.
[15] M.Oshima et al., J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 278 (2008) 257-262.
[16] Y. Toh et al., Rev. Sci. Inst., 73 (2002) 47-50.

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2.2

Measurement of the first excited 2+ state in 252Fm

M. Asai1, K. Tsukada1, Y. Kasamatsu2, Y. Ishii1, A. Toyoshima1, T. K. Sato1, Y. Nagame1,
I. Nishinaka1, H. Haba3 and T. Ishii1

Energy of the first excited 2+ state E(2+) in even-even nuclei is a good probe to explore nuclear shellstructure and deformation in the frontier of nuclear chart. In the heaviest frontier of the nuclear chart,
experimental data of E(2+) are very limited because of difficulties in measuring excited states in such
nuclei; the heaviest nucleus whose E(2+) has been determined experimentally is 256Rf (Z = 104) [1]. For No(Z = 102) and Fm (Z = 100) isotopes, E(2+)s have been measured only in 252,254No and 250,254,256Fm. Figure
1 shows experimental E(2+)s of even-even actinide nuclei reported previously [1,2]. The E(2+)s rapidly
decrease with increasing neutron number from the N = 126 closed shell to N = 142, and attains the minima
at between N = 142 and 152. Then, it seems to start rising from N = 152. The inverse of E(2+) is
proportional to the moment of inertia, which correlates to the degree of nuclear deformation. Nearly
constant and low E(2+)s of 4050 keV between N = 142 and 152 indicate that the deformations are welldeveloped in these nuclei. In addition, the moments of inertia also correlate to the pairing energy gap.
Around this actinide region, it is well known that the large neutron deformed shell gap exists at N = 152. At
the deformed shell gap, the pairing energy gap becomes small, which makes the moment of inertia large
and makes E(2+) low [3]. This effect is seen in Cm isotopes [4], but is not clear in Cf, Fm, and No isotopes.
In No isotopes, E(2+) significantly drops from N = 150 to N = 152, but there is no experimental data in N >152. In Fm isotopes, experimental data exist at N = 150, 154, and 156, but not at N = 152. E(2+) should also
depend on the existence of the proton deformed shell gap. The macroscopic-microscopic model
calculations predict that the large proton deformed shell gap exists at Z = 100 [5,6]. Thus, it is of greatinterest to measure the E(2+) in 252Fm, which is expected to show the character of the double
deformed-shell closure.

60

N=152

No,

250

Fm

have been observed through in-beam-ray spectroscopy with a recoil-decay
tagging technique [1]. These nuclei
were produced in cold fusion reactions
using a Pb or Hg target and a 48Ca or
50

projectile.

254,256

Fm have been observed throughTi

Excitedstatesinthe  decay of 254,256Es. However,these techniques cannot be applied to252

Fm, because ordinary cold fusion

55

90Th

102 No

50
92U

+

Rf,

252,254

E(2 ) (keV)

Excited states in

256

100 Fm

45
94Pu

40
35

Fig. 196Cm

104 Rf
98Cf

138 140 142 144 146 148 150 152 154 156
Neutron Number

Energy of the first excited 2+ states E(2+) in even-evenactinide nuclei reported previously [1,2].

1Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Osaka University
3
RIKEN
2

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JAEA-Review
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reactions with stable target and projectile combinations cannot produce 252Fm, and 252Es has only 0.01% decay branch. On the other hand, the decay of 256No can populate excited states in 252Fm. Although the 
decay of such an even-even nucleus directly feeds the ground state of its daughter nucleus with highintensity, a small fraction of  transitions should feed the first excited 2+ state. By measuring the -energy
difference between the transitions to the ground state and to the first excited 2+ state precisely, we candetermine the E(2+) of 252Fm. The  decay of 256No was reported previously [7], where the E(2+) of 252Fm
was determined to be 47 ± 5 keV. However, the ±5 keV uncertainty is too large to discuss the systematics ofE(2+) in this region. In the present experiment, we have determined the E(2+) of 252Fm more precisely
through high-resolution  fine-structure spectroscopy.
The nucleus 256No was produced in the 248Cm(12C,4n)256No reaction. The beam energy was 77 MeV ontarget. Reaction products recoiling out of the target were thermalized in He gas, and transported with a
He/KCl aerosol jet through a 25-m long capillary to a rotating-wheel  detection system [8]. The
transported products were deposited on a thin foil on the rotating wheel, which periodically moves thedeposited sources to two consecutive detector stations each of which was equipped with a Si detector
placed at the source-to-detector distance equivalent to the -detection efficiency of 12%. Figure 2 shows ameasured -energy spectrum. The  transitions to the ground state and to the first excited 2+ state wereclearly observed with an -energy resolution of 11 keV (FWHM), from which we have derived the-energy difference of 41.5 ± 1.3 keV. Taking
account of the recoil energy correction, we havedetermined the E(2+) of 252Fm to be 42.1 ± 1.3
keV. This result revealed that the E(2+) of 252Fm
is lower than those of other N = 152 isotones(250Cf, 254No, and 256Rf) as well as other Fm
isotopes, indicating the character of the double
deformed-shell closure.

Fig. 2-energy spectrum of 256No observedin the present work.
References[1] P. T. Greenlees, J. Rubert, J. Piot, B. J. P. Gall et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 109 (2012) 012501.
[2] T. Ishii, H. Makii, M. Asai, H. Koura et al., Phys. Rev. C, 76 (2007) 011303(R).
[3] A. Sobiczewski, I. Muntain, and Z. Patyk, Phys. Rev. C, 63 (2001) 034306.
[4] T. Ishii et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn., 75 (2006) 043201.
[5] Z. Patyk and A. Sobiczewski, Nucl. Phys., A533 (1991) 132.
[6] P. Möller, J. R. Nix, and K.-L. Kratz, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables, 66 (1997) 131.
[7] D. C. Hoffman et al., Phys. Rev. C, 41 (1990) 631.
[8] M. Asai et al., Phys. Rev. C, 83 (2011) 014315.

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2.3

Development of an on-line gas cell for laser spectroscopyof refractory elements
H. Iimura1, F. Kitatani1, M. Koizumi1 and M. Miyabe1

Laser spectroscopy is widely used for precise measurements of the isotope shits in atomic spectra. Fromthese isotope shits, changes of the nuclear charge radii between isotopes can be deduced. For someelements the isotope shifts have been measured not only for stable isotopes but also for unstable ones.
However, there has been no measurement for unstable isotopes of W, Re and Os, because these elements
are so refractory that they are difficult to be atomized for precise laser spectroscopy. One of the solutions to
overcome this difficulty is to catch the reaction product atoms in gas for successive laser spectroscopy. In
order to do laser spectroscopy of unstable isotopes of these elements, we have been developing an on-line
gas cell, which is similar to the one in SUNY [1]. In this report, present status of the development is given.
The schematic diagram of the on-line gas cell is shown in Fig. 1. The gas cell has a cylindrical shape with
253 mm in diameter and 216 mm in height. The Ni foil of 2.5 m in thickness separates the vacuum of thegas cell from that of the accelerator beam line. The reaction products being recoiled out from the target are
neutralized and thermalized in rare gas, where they stay for about a second before diffusing to the wall of
the gas cell and sticking there. While the reaction products stay in the gas, they are irradiated by laser beamfrom a tunable ring dye laser pumped by a CW solid-state laser. An optics system consisting of a mirror andtwo lenses was used to collect the laser-induced fluorescence on to the photocathode of a photomultipliertube. Signal from the photomultiplier tube was counted during the laser frequency scanning. Because thelaser system is located at the same room as the on-line gas cell, it cannot be accessible while the accelerator
beam is on. Thus, the laser was controlled from other room via Ethernet.

photomultiplier tube

beam
stopper

4

20000

lens

-1

Energy (cm )accelerator
beamtarget◎mirror10000

reaction
products

551.5 nm466.0 nm

2

inner
cell

0

gas cell window (Ni foil)

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the on-line gascell. Laser beam penetrates the position
shown by a double circle.
17

5d 6s6p D
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
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4

2 5

5d 6s

0
D

4

2 5

5d 6s

D

WI

Fig.2 Partial energy levels of W atom

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In a test experiment the ion beam of stable 184W of about 1 pnA was injected into the gas cell directly
without setting a target and a beam stopper. In order to simulate the unstable W isotopes being produced by
the 16O(ADy,xn) reaction, the energy of the 184W ion beam was set at 100 MeV, which, after the Ni foil,
becomes about the same energy as the recoiled unstable W isotopes. The gas cell was filled with high purity
argon gas with the pressure of 19 hPa, in which the range of W ion is estimated to be the distance between
the Ni foil window and the center of the gas cell. As the ion beam is injected into the gas cell, the collisions
between the ions and the gas atoms generate strong light, causing large background in observing thelaser-induced fluorescence. In order to reduce this background, the DC ion beam from the tandem
accelerator was chopped by using a deflector set upstream to the gas cell. The beam turned on and off withrepetition rate of 10 Hz, and the signal from the detector was counted in the period when the beam is off.
By using the chopped beam the background was reduced to about 1/50 compared to the DC beam.
We tried to observe the laser-induced fluorescence by using the transitions shown in Fig. 2. The W atoms
were excited from the metastable state at 3325 cm-1 to a higher state by the laser of the wavelength of 551.5
nm, and the fluorescence from this upper state to the ground state with the wavelength of 466.0 nm wasobserved. A stack of optical filters was used to reduce the background from the scatter of the laser. Owing
to these filters and the chopped ion beam, the background count became endurable level of about 4000
counts/sec. However, an apparent resonance peak of the fluorescence has yet been observed. One of thepossible reasons is that there is not enough population at the metastable state. Thus, we are now preparing
to excite the W atom from its ground state for which large population is expected. Because it is not easy togenerate the 466.0-nm laser beam with the ring dye laser, we have set up an external cavity diode laser andrecently achieved this wavelength. We are planning to confirm the resonance peak of fluorescence in stable
W isotopes by using this laser.
Reference[1] A. Berger et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A311 (1992) 224-329.

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CHAPTER 3
Nuclear Reaction

3.1

Development of the JAEA Recoil Mass Separator for the study of
proton-rich nuclei around 100Sn

3.2

Measurement of fission fragment mass distributions of compound nuclei populated
by multi-nucleon transfer reaction in 18O + 232Th

3.3

Measurements of a branching ratio of 22Ne()26Mg/22Ne(,n)25Mg reactions

3.4

Benchmark experiment of the surrogate ratio method
to determine neutron capture cross-sections

3.5

Fragment mass distribution measurement in 10B + 192, 193, 196Au reactions

3.6

Production of fission isomers by heavy-ion transfer reactionsin the sub-barrier energy region

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3.1

Development of the JAEA Recoil Mass Separator for the study of
proton-rich nuclei around 100 Sn

K. Nishio 1 , R. Grzywacz 2,3 , K. Rykaczewski 3 , A. Andreyev 4 , F.P. Heβerger 5 , C. Barton 5 ,M. Bentley 5 , N. Brewer 3 , C.J. Gross 3 , K. Hirose 1 , H. Ikezoe 1 , D. Jenkins 4 , B. Kindler 5 , K. Kolos 3 ,B. Lommel 5 , H. Makii 1 , I. Nishinaka 1 , R. Orlandi 1 , R. Léguillon 1 , S. Go 2 , J. Smallcombe 1 ,V. Truesdale 4 and R. Wadsworth 4

The strong interest in the structure of nuclei located in the close vicinity of the nucleus 100Sn is due to the factthat this nucleus is the heaviest possible doubly-magic nucleus with equal neutron and proton number (N=Z=50).
The unique property of the N=Z nuclei is that protons and neutrons occupy the same shell-model orbitals. This
fact may reveal a presence of new type of pairing in nuclei – the proton-neutron (p-n) pairing, which could be
different from the well-known pairing between like nucleons (n-n and p-p). Recent experiments on nuclei near100

Sn at the facilities around the world resulted in a very impressive set of publications in journals like Natureand Phys. Rev. Letters. The results provided first glimpses of new phenomena occurring due to pairing effects innuclear matter. One of them, postulated already in 1965, is the possible existence of the so-called superallowed
α decays [1]. In this case, it was expected that the preformation probability of α particle in a parent nucleus
should be strongly enhanced due to additional correlations between protons and neutrons occupying the same
orbitals. Resulting enhanced α-probability was indeed observed in 100Sn region in the recent study of
109

Xe→105Te→101Sn decay chain by the international group [2, 3] working at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Other recent studies of excited states of lighter mass 92 Pd (Z=N=46) provided a compelling
signature of the n-p paired phase below 100 Sn [4]. Superallowed spin-flip Gamow-Teller β decay
expected to occur in 100 Sn [5], due to the enhanced probability of the proton-to-neutron conversion,
was observed [6] and found to be the fastest β decay seen so far. Proton and α decay studies near 100Sn
were also investigated in the context of astrophysical nucleosynthesis within rapid proton capture process(rp-process) [7]. The particular topography of nuclear binding energies and resulting decay modes for nuclei
above 100Sn could lead to the rp-process termination cycle [8,9].
In view of the importance of proton-rich A~100 nuclei, we started a program of nuclear spectroscopy studies inthis region of the Chart of Nuclei by using the JAEA-Recoil Mass Separator. A variety of nuclei and phenomena
can be studied by using heavy-ion induced reactions at the JAEA tandem accelerator. In a test experiment usingnearly symmetric fusion reactions, we found a good mass separation of the transported fusion-evaporation
residues, and very low background condition was obtained.

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
University of Tennessee
3
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
4
University of York
5
GSI Helmholtzzentrum
2

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References[1] R. D. Macfarlane and A. Siivola, Phys. Rev. Lett., 14, 114 (1965).
[2] S.N. Liddick et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97,082501 (2006).
[3] I. Darby et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 162502 (2010).
[4] B. Cederwall et al., Nature, 469, 68 (2011).
[5] B.A. Brown and K. Rykaczewski, Phys. Rev. C50, R2270 (1994).
[6] C.B. Hinke et al., Nature, 486, p. 341 (2012).
[7] C. Mazzocchi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 98, 212501 (2007).
[8] H. Schatz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 86, 3471 (2001).
[9] V. V. Elomaa et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 , 252501 (2009).

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3.2

Measurement of fission fragment mass distributions of compound nuclei populated
by multi-nucleon transfer reaction in 18O + 232Th
K. Nishio1, R. Léguillon1, K. Hirose1, H. Makii1, I. Nishinaka1, O. Riccardo1, T. Ishii1, K. Tsukada1,
M. Asai1, S. Chiba2, T. Ohtsuki3, S. Araki4, Y. Watanabe4, R. Tatsuzawa5, N. Tamura6 and S. Goto6

Mass distributions of fission fragments for neutron induced fissions of actinide nuclei are the importantnuclear data for atomic energy applications. In nuclear reactors with highly burned nuclear fuels and next
generation fast breeder reactors, it is necessary to consider fission of minor actinides with relatively shorthalf-lives. Delayed neutron yields are also one of the important data, because it will influence the reactor
response. The delayed neutron yield is sensitive to the fission fragment mass and charge distributions. In
this experimental program, we are promoting the measurement of the fission fragment mass distributions
for short-lived actinide nuclei, whose data for neutron-induced fissions are practically impossible to take.
We use multi-nucleon transfer reactions to populate the excited compound nuclei using an 18O beam and anavailable actinide target. We can also produce fission data for neutron-rich nuclei, which cannot be
accessed by fusion reaction.
Fission properties of excited compound nuclei populated in the multi-nucleon transfer reaction 18O + 232Th
were measured. The experiment was carried out at the JAEA tandem accelerator. Energy of the 18O beam
was 157.0 MeV. Projectile-like nucleus produced in multi-nucleon transfer reaction was identified using
silicon ΔE-E detectors, and its energy was measured toassign the excitation energy of the compound nucleus.
Twofissionposition-sensitive

fragments

weredetected

multiwire-proportionalbycounters(MWPCs). Time difference between the two MWPCs
was recorded. Fission fragment masses were determinedwith the kinematic consideration by refereeing thevelocity and the direction of recoiled fissioning nuclei
which were determined by detecting the projectile-like
nucleus.
Example of the preliminary fission data is shown in
Fig. 1, where fission events of 233Th* and 234Th*

areplotted on the plane of fragment mass and excitationenergy of the fissioning nucleus. Similar data for otherTh, Pa, and U isotopes will be obtained.
Fig 1. Fission events plotted on the plane offragment mass and excitation energy ofcompound nucleus. Data for 233,234Th* areshown.

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Tokyo Institute of Technology
3
Kyoto University
4
Kyushu University
5
Tokyo City University
6
Niigata University
2

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3.3 Measurements of a branching ratio of 22Ne()26Mg/22Ne(,n)25Mg reactions
S. Ota1, H. Makii1, T. Ishii1, C. Angell1, S. Chiba2, I. Nishinaka1, K. Nishio1 and S. Mitsuoka1

In the He-burning phase of massive stars, the 22Ne(α,n)25Mg reaction is considered to be a main neutron
source driving the synthesis of nuclides in the A=60-90 mass range during the s process [1]. A variety ofattempts to experimentally determine the rate for this reaction at the Gamow window corresponding to s
process temperatures (T = 0.2-0.3 GK) have been made either through direct 22Ne(α,n)25Mg measurements[e.g., 3-6] or indirect measurements by such as 22Ne(6Li,d)26Mg reactions [3, 4]. However, direct
measurements have been hindered by the small cross section due to the Coulomb barrier and the resonances at
Eα < 830 keV have not been identified with this method. The indirect measurements have identified many
low-energy resonances, but unambiguous determination of the resonance parameters such as Jπ, Γ, Γγ, Γn andΓα in 26Mg produced by α + 22Ne has remained a longstanding problem especially for resonances near the
Gamow peak. Of these uncertainties, the ratio of Γn and Γγ to determine the branching ratio of n and γ
emission channels plays an important role in obtaining the neutron yield for the s process. The 22Ne(α,γ)26Mg
reaction (Q=10.615 MeV), which competes with the 22Ne(α,n)25Mg reaction (open above the excitationenergy of 26Mg, Ex=11.093 MeV), may be of considerable strength and could significantly suppress neutron
production during He burning (Ex=10.9-11.5 MeV). To address this problem, we studied the 6Li(22Ne,26Mg)dα-transfer reaction in this work. Because both the α and 22Ne have ground states with Jπ=0+, the α-transfer
reaction preferentially populates natural parity states in 26Mg. This helps to enable studies of theastrophysically relevant natural parity states in 26Mg. Furthermore, the inverse kinematics approach enables us
to determine Γn / Γγ by direct measurements of the ratio of 25Mg and 26Mg.
Si ΔE-E detectors are used for particle identification for both the recoils and ejectiles. For the detection of Mg
ions (downstream of the target), we used 20 μm thick surface-barrier detectors backed by 300 μm thick PIN
diode detectors. For the detection of deuterons (upstream of the target), we used 75 μm thick ion-implanted
detector backed by 300 μm thick PIN diode detectors. Total energy resolution for determining deuteronenergies in the experiment was 200-300 keV. We performed an experiment using a 110 MeV 22Ne beam fromthe JAEA-Tokai 20 MV Tandem accelerator. A 6Li-enriched (99%) lithium fluoride (LiF) target with athickness of 25 μg/cm2 was prepared on a graphite backing foil (20 μg/cm2) so that the energy loss of the 22Ne
beam and deuterons in those materials will be negligibly small. The beam bombarded the target at an intensityof 10 pnA for 50 hours. For both of the upstream and the downstream detectors, four Si ΔE-E telescopes wereused, placed at θCM = 40° (θLAB,deuteron = -108.0°, θLAB,Mg = 4.6°). The angles were chosen as a compromise
between enhancing the reaction yield and reducing the contribution from elastic scattering of the 22Ne beam.
To limit the scattering angle spread of deuterons, we placed slits with an aperture of ϕ=1.5 mm in front of thedownstream detectors and used a tightly focused beam spot (ϕ=1 mm). The energies of deuterons were
measured to determine excitation energies of 26Mg and the background events such as indirect reaction were1
2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Tokyo Institute of Technology
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minimized to be negligibly small in the data by requiring the coincidence detection of Mg ions and deuterons,
which was achieved due to the clear particle identification of Mg from other elements such as Ne [5].
Fig. 1 (a) shows the deuteron spectrum obtained by the experiment. Those deuterons were measured incoincidence with the Mg ions in the forward-angle telescopes. Details of the coincidence detection can befound in [5]. Unfortunately, no clear resonance structure could be confirmed compared to the spectrum
obtained in [3] which was measured at almost the same CM angle (θCM ~ 29°), or to the spectrum simulated
based on our experimental condition such as statistics and energy resolution of telescopes (Fig. 1 (b)). This is
primarily because of the insufficient energy resolution. Although the best resolution of our detectors give60-80 keV [5], our new measurement system with a new chamber and vacuum pumping system limited theresolution > 200 keV. Incomplete alignment of the detector system with regard to the beam also might cause
the widespread spectrum compared to the simulation. Despite this difficulty, we could still determine whether
the expected statistics could be obtained. Although each resonance peak was not identified, we compared theintegrated yields from the region corresponding to Ex=10.5-12.1 MeV (i.e., 8.4-9.7 MeV in deuteron energy)
to the yield calculated from the cross sections obtained by the normal kinematics experiment [3]. Our results
gave 30-45% of the calculated yield. This may be because of incomplete alignment of the detector system.
Currently, we study causes of electromagnetic noises that caused the poor energy resolution and discuss our
experimental results for a further study.

(b)

(a)

Fig. 1 (a) Deuteron spectrum obtained by coincidence detection with Mg in the preliminary test (θCM =40°). (b) A simulated spectrum based on our experimental condition (i.e., assuming 300 keV resolution + 50
keV contribution from angle uncertainties). Yields for individual resonance followed. Note lower and higher
energy states than Ex=10.5-12.1 MeV (8.4-9.7 MeV in deuteron energy) were not considered due to the lackof previous data.
References[1] F. Kappeler, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 43, 419 (1999).
[2] O. Straniero et al., Astrophys. J. Lett. 440, L85 (1995).
[3] U. Giesen et al. , J. D. King, Nucl. Phys. A 561 (1993).
[4] C. Ugalde et al., Phys. Rev. C 76, 025802 (2007).
[5] S. Ota et al., Proceedings of Science (NIC XII) 221 (2012).

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3.4

Benchmark experiment of the surrogate ratio method
to determine neutron capture cross-sections

S. Yan1, Z. Li1, Y. Wang1, J. Su1, Y. Li1, K. Nishio2 H. Makii2, K. Hirose2 and R. Orlandi2

The origin of elements heavier than iron is believed to be of slow and rapid neutron capture processes, anda large number of neutron-capture [(n, )] reactions of unstable nuclei are intensely involved [1]. However,the (n, ) cross-sections are quite hard to be measured directly because of difficulties in manufacture ofradioactive samples. The difficulties can be overcome with surrogate ratio method (SRM) [2], which is avariation of the surrogate method [3]. The SRM can yield neutron cross-sections with reasonable accuracies
if (1) the weak Weisscopf-Ewing condition defined in Ref. [4] is satisfied, (2) the maximum spin populatedby the surrogate reactions is not too large (less than 10 ԰), and (3) the spin and parity distributions in two

compound nuclei produced by two surrogate reactions used in the SRM are equivalent. Here condition (1)has been verified by a statistical model calculation [4]. On the other hand, the conditions (2) and (3) were

just assumed in Ref. [4]. In the present study, an (18O, 16O) two-neutron transfer reaction is employed tocheck the conditions (2) and (3) for the determination of (n,) cross-sections.
The experiment was carried out at JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator facility. 90Zr and 92Zr targets (isotopic
enrichment of 90Zr and 92Zr are 99.4% and 94.6%, respectively) were bombarded by a 117 MeV 18O beam.
Outgoing particles were detected by the Si E-E detector system, which is comprised of Si E detectors ina bowl shape and a Micron S1 type E Si detector, and-rays emitted from residual nuclei were measured by
two LaBr3(Ce) scintillators with a diameter of 101.6mm and a length of 127 mm. Figure 1 shows a typicalE-E

spectrum measured by the Si E-E detector

system. The particles are clearly separated according
to the mass number. The decay branching ratio of the(n,) process can be determined from the ratio of thenumber of -rays in coincidence with 16O particles.
The data analysis to determine the decay branchingratio is now in progress.

Fig. 1 E-E spectrum for outgoing particles in
the reaction of 117 MeV 18O beam and 90Zr
target.

References[1] F. Käppeler et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 83 (2011) 157-193.

[2] S. R. Lesher et al., Phys. Rev. C 79 (2009) 044609-1-7.
[3] J.E. Escher et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 84 (2012) 353-397.
[4] S. Chiba and O. Iwamoto Phys. Rev. C 81 (2010) 044604-1-6.
12

China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE)
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
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3.5

Fragment mass distribution measurement in 10B+192,193,196Au reactions
K. Hirose1, J.Smallcombe2, A.N. Andreyev1,2, K. Nishio1, I. Nishinaka1, H. Makii1,
R. Orlandi1, T. Ohtsuki3 and I. Tsekhanovich 4

A fission fragment mass distribution (FFMD) is one of the important properties of the nuclear fission
resulting from the motion of a compound system on a potential energy surface given as a sum of the liquid
drop potential and the shell-correction energy. In general, FFMDs
for heavier nuclei than, say Ac, have two independent modes,
symmetric and asymmetric fissions. It is known that the average
mass of the heavy fragments in the asymmetric fission is AH~140u
at the low excitation energies, which is attributed to the magic
numbers of Z=50 and N=82 or a deformed neutron shell of
N~88[1].
Recently, Andreyev et al. have measured FFMD of the
post--decay daughter nucleus 180Hg[2]. It was expected that thisnucleus would lead to two 90Zr fragments since it has magic N=50

Fig.1 The potential energy surface
for 180Hg[3].

and semi-magic Z=40 which is also shown by the potential energy
surface[3](Fig.1). However the fission of180

Hg showed theasymmetric mass split (Fig.2). This new type of asymmetric fission
shows the importance of the dynamical understanding, i.e., how
the system moves on the potential surface. A theoretical model inwhich the time evolution of the fissioning system is treated as
Brownian shape motion on five-dimensional potential energy
surface shows an approximate agreement with the asymmetricfission of 180Hg[4]. This model also predicts asymmetric fissions
for many nuclei with Z<82. The purpose of this study is to see theFig.2 FFMD vs Total kinetic energy
obtained for 180Hg[2].

predictability of this model by measuring FFMDs in thefusion-fission reactions.The experiment has been performed at
JAEA-tandem accelerator facility. For the Au isotopes produced in
10

B+W, FFMDs are also predicted as asymmetric fission.

About 100-um thick

182,184,186

W targets sputtered on carbon

foils(50ug thickness) were irradiated with 10B beam. As shown in
Fig.3, two fission fragments(FFs) after the fusion reaction weredetected in coincidence using two multi-wire proportionalcounters(MWPCs). FFMDs were deduced from the time
Fig.3 The experimental setup.

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
2
University of York, UK
3
Kyoto University
4
University of Bordeaux, France
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difference between two FFs and the directions of each FF.
Figure 4 shows the folding angle distributions between two FFs in the 10B+182W reactions at the incident
beam energies of 47.0, 55.5, 61.5 and 71.8MeV, respectively. The red dashed lines are the calculated
folding angle assuming the fusion-fission reaction using the total kinetic energy from the Viola’ssystematics[5]. The agreement with the measured distribution means that the fissioning nucleus is 192Au.
The folding angle distributions obtained using 184,186W targets are also agree with the fusion-fission
assumption.
The obtained FFMDs of 192,194,196Au are shown in Fig.5 where the excitation energies of the compound
nuclei are written in right-upper in each panel. It was found that all of the measured FFMD show thesymmetric fission in the excitation energy range from 41 to 69MeV.

Fig.4 Folding angle distributions
between two FFs observed in
10
B+182W.

Fig.5 Obtained FFMDs for 192,194,196Au at the excitation energies
labeled in each panel.

References[1] C. Wagemans, editor. The Nuclear Fission Process. CRC. Press, (1991).
[2] A.N. Andreyev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 , 252502 (2010).
[3] T. Ichikawa et. al., Phys. Rev. C86, 024610 (2012)[4] P. Möller, J. Randrup and A. Sierk, Phys. Rev. C85, 024306 (2012)[5] V.E. Viola et al., Phys. Rev. C31, 1550 (1985)

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3.6

Production of fission isomers by heavy-ion transfer reactionsin the sub-barrier energy region

T. Ishii1, H. Makii1, K. Nishio1, I. Nishinaka1, M. Asai1 and A. Makishima2

We have tried to produce fission isomers using the heavy-ion transfer reactions in the sub-barrier energy
region. In this energy region, a projectile collides with a deformed nucleus at the tip of a long axis becauseof its lower Coulomb barrier energy. Because fission isomers have super deformed shapes, the heavy-ion
collision in line with a long axis of the target nucleus may enhance the production of fission isomers.
We have searched a 242mPu fission isomer, with T1/2 = 3.5 ns, produced by the 238U(18O, 14C) reaction with
the incident energies of 77.8, 82.1, 87.5, and 94.0 MeV. The thickness of the uranium target was 80 g/cm2,
electrodeposited on a Ni foil. The schematic view of experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1. Two sets of Si
E-E detectors were set at 168 ± 7 degrees; the Si E detectors are 20 m in thickness and 20 mm indiameter. Two sets of multi wired proportional counters (MWPCs) were set at 90 ± 30 degrees. The beam
size at the target position was collimated within 3 mm in diameter. The target was covered with acylindrical shield with a 6 mm inner diameter and 7 mm in length. The cylindrical shield stops fission
fragments emitted at the target position. Only fission fragments from a fission isomer, which flies into theforward direction with a velocity of ~0.01, are detected by MWPCs. We have checked that projectile-likefragments can be measured by the Si E-E detectors (Fig. 2) and that fission fragments can be measured by
MWPCs using a uranium target without the cylindrical shield. However, no fission events from fissionisomers were observed.

Fig. 1 Schematic view of experimental setup forsearch of fission isomers produced in the heavy-ion
transfer reaction in the sub-barrier energy region.
1
2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
National Defense Medical College

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Fig. 2 E-E plot of scattered particles measured bya Si E-E detector placed backwards in thereaction of a 87.5-MeV 18O beam with a 238U
target.

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CHAPTER 4
Nuclear Chemistry

4.1

Synthesis and comparison of astatinated and iodinated amino acid derivatives
for the preparation of astatinated peptide

4.2

7

Measurement of Li-induced reaction cross sections of 209Bi
for development of a 211Rn-211At generator

4.3

Production of 95mTc for compton camera imaging

4.4

Medical Radioisotope Production with Accelerator Neutrons by Deuterons

4.5

Batch reduction and extraction experiments of Mo and W
for a future reduction experiment of seaborgium (Sg)

4.6

Measurement of overall efficiencies of short-lived lanthanide isotopes with surface
ionization ion-source coupled to CdI2 gas-jet transport system

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4.1

Synthesis and comparison of astatinated and iodinated amino acid derivatives forthe preparation of astatinated peptide
H. Suzuki1, K. Hashimoto1, I. Nishinaka1, Sh. Watanabe1, I. Sasaki1 and N. S. Ishioka1

Alpha emitting radionuclides have been of interest for several decades as candidates for radiotherapy due totheir high cytotoxicity against living cells. 211At (half-life: 7.21 h) is one of the most attractive alphaemitters because its half-life is long enough to accumulate in target tissues and its α-particle energy (5870keV and 7450 keV from 211Po) is appropriate for therapy [1]. Biologically active peptides have been
employed as a targeting molecule for the delivery of radionuclides to target cells in Peptide Receptor
Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) [2,3]. The goal of this study is to prepare an astatinated biologically active
peptide for PRRT. Electrophilic destannylation has been exhibited to rapidly substitute astatine for astannyl group with high yield and under mild conditions [4]. Therefore, astatine labeled peptides will beeasily prepared in the presence of peptides containing a stannylated amino acid residue. We havedemonstrated synthesis of an astatinated phenylalanine from the stannylated precursor via electrophilicdestannylation as a feasible technique. In this study, more detailed studies were carried out to optimize
radiolabeling conditions of electrophilic destannylation. We prepared astatinated phenylalanine undervarious radiolabeling conditions. Radioiodine has been applied for a variety of peptides. Since the chemical
properties of astatine are similar to iodine, the closest homologue of astatine, reported iodinated peptides
might be able to apply for astatinated peptides [5]. In this study, the radiolabeling reactions of astatinatedphenylalanine were compared with iodinated phenylalanine.
Astatine was produced by irradiating a natPb target (1.2 mg/cm2 thickness) with 7Li beam (45 MeV, 138 nA
current) via the natPb(7Li, xn)At reaction. Iodine was also produced similarly via the natSn(7Li, xn)I reaction.
At and I isotopes were isolated from the irradiated target using dry distillation as previously described [6].
N-Boc-p-tributylstannylphenylalanine methyl ester was synthesized by procedures reported previously [7].
N-Boc-p-radiohalogenatedphenylalanine methyl esters were obtained by procedures as follows; to asolution containing 10 μL of 0.1, 1 or 10 mg/mL of the stannylated phenylalanine in ethanol was added 90
μL of 1% acetic acid/ethanol containing At or I. Then, 10 μL of 10 mg/mL of chloramine-T (CAT) in
ethanol was added (Scheme 1). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 min. The reaction was
stopped by adding 10 μL of 10 mg/mL of sodium metabisulfite in H2O. The same experiments without
either acetic acid or CAT, or without both acetic acid and CAT were also carried out. The desired
compound was confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). A 5 μL of a portion of the reactant was
spotted 2 cm from the bottom of a silica gel TLC plate. The plates were developed bydichloromethane/methanol solution (20/1, v/v). After drying, the plates were exposed to the imaging platefor 24 hours, and whereby the distribution of radioactivity on the plates was visualized by the Bioimaging
Analyzer System (BAS). The labeling yield was calculated from the measured radioactivity of each spot
obtained by the BAS.
1

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Radiochemical yields of astatination depended on the volume of the stannylated phenylalanine (Table 1).
While radiochemical yields of iodination reached a plateau level at 1 mg/mL of precursor, astatination
required higher concentration of precursors to obtain sufficient radiochemical yield. The reactions without
CAT and acetic acid decreased radiochemical yields of astatination, which suggested both reagents played
important roles to facilitate astatination. Although the radiochemical yield of astatination was lower thanthat of iodination, astatinated phenylalanine was successfully synthesized in 73% radiochemical yield in thepresence of 10 mg/mL of the precursor. On the base of studies described herein, we are planning tosynthesize an astatinated peptide via electrophilic destannylation.

Scheme 1. Reaction scheme of radiohalogenated phenylalanine.

Table 1. Radiochemical yields of each conditions (+ means addition and -means no addition).
Phenylalanine
derivative (mg/mL)
0.1+

Radiochemicalyield of At (%)
23.8±4.1

Radiochemicalyield of I (%)
64.6±6.9++64.4±6.3

78.4±9.510++73.1±6.8

78.4±9.910-+43.4±8.3

76.3±12.1

10

+

-

51.7±6.8

71.1±22.2

10

-

-

9.3±5.349.3±24.1

CAT (oxidant)

Acetic acid+1

References[1] D. S. Wilbur, Curr. Radiopharm., 1 (2008) 144-176.
[2] V. Ambrosini et al., J. Nucl. Med., 52 (2011) 42S-55S.
[3] M. M. Graham and Y. Menda, J. Nucl. Med., 52 (2011) 56S-63S.
[4] M. J. Adam, and D. S. Wilbur, Chem. Soc. Rev., 34 (2005) 153-163.
[5] G. Vaidyanathan et al., Bioconjugate Chem., 17 (2006) 195-203[6] I. Nishinaka et al., JAEA-Review 2013-002 (2013) 33-34.
[7] I. Sasaki et al., Peptide Sci., 2012 (2013) 157-160.

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4.2

Measurement of 7Li-induced reaction cross sections of 209Bi
for development of a 211Rn-211At generator

E. Maeda1, A. Yokoyama2, T. Taniguchi1, K. Washiyama3 and I. Nishinaka4

One of the radioisotope applications attracting much attention in recent years is “Radionuclide therapy”,
which is the treatment of cancer by administering tumor specific carrier molecules labeled withradionuclide to the human body. Highly energetic -particles are expected to suppress tumor cell growthefficiently without damaging to surrounding tissues because of their short path lengths in tissues (<100 μm).
Among radionuclides, 211At has drawn attention as a promising -emitter due to its half-life of 7.2 h anddue to its chemical property as a halogen like 131I which has already been applied to radionuclide therapy.
However, its half-life makes it difficult to use at hospitals away from the isotope production facility. We
therefore focused on the 211Rn-211At generator technology to use 211At in distant place by milking adisintegration product from 211Rn as a parent nuclide. In the transient equilibrium of 211Rn-211At bothactivities decay with the parent’s half life of 14.7 h. The generator technology enables us to transport 211At
over approximately twice the distances. In the 7Li+209Bi reaction the production cross sections of 211Rn via
5n evaporation channel, 209Bi(7Li, 5n)211Rn, have been measured [1,2]. There is, however, no report on
reliable production cross sections of 210Rn and 210At via 6n and p+5n evaporation channels, 209Bi(7Li,6n)210Rn and 209Bi (7Li, p5n) 210At, respectively. Both nuclides 210Rn and 210At are precursors to 210Po, anoteworthy radiotoxic nuclide due to its accumulation in human bone and its alpha radioactivity of 138
days in half-life. Therefore it is very important to acquire these excitation functions for the application to
the radionuclide therapy. We have performed measurements on the excitation functions of 211Rn, 210Rn and210

At in the 209Bi+7Li reaction to establish the 211Rn-211At generator technology.

Targets of 209Bi were prepared by vacuum deposition on aluminum foil of high purity (99.999％). Stacks ofseveral 209Bi targets were irradiated with 60 MeV 7Li beam with a current of 50-70 pnA from the
JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator. We obtained the production cross-sections for 211Rn, 210Rn and 210At by
the non-destructive gamma measurement with a HPGe detector. The cross section for 210Rn decaying into206

Po was obtained from the yield of 206Po. The independent yield of 210At was obtained by discriminating

the contribution from its precursor 210Rn.
In Fig.1 are shown the observed 7Li+209Bi excitation functions with reported data [1] and cross sections
predicted by the statistical model calculation (HIVAP code) coupled with the CCDEF code [3]. The crosssections for 211Rn in the present study tend to be slightly higher than those in the report [1], where theproduction of 211Rn might be underestimated because of its loss during the chemical procedures including1

Grad. School Nat. Sci., Tech. Kanazawa Univ.
Inst. Sci. Eng., Kanazawa Univ.
3
Sch. of Health Sci., College of Med., Pharma. Health Sci., Kanazawa Univ.
2

4

ASRC, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
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dry distillation from an irradiated target. In contrast, in the measurements of the present study, loss of the
product is not likely to happen because of the non-destructive measurement. Independent cross sections of
210

Rn and 210At in the present study largely deviate from the sum of cross sections of 210Rn and 210At in Ref.

[1]. The reason of this large deviation is not clear but the cross section of 206Po produced through -decayof 210Rn with a probability of 96% reliably provides that of 210Rn in the present study. We obtained both theindependent cross sections of 210Rn and 210At for the first time.
Observed cross sections of 211Rn and 210Rn produced via 209Bi(7Li, 5n)211Rn and 209Bi(7Li, 6n)210Rn,
respectively, tend to be less than theoretical values, although the discrepancy between the values becomes
smaller as the incident energy increases. On the other hand, observed values of 210At obviously exceed thetheoretical values for 209Bi (7Li, p5n) 210At. A weakly bound 7Li nucleus is easily decomposed to 4He and3

H nuclei [2]. Such break-up reaction possibly leads to an incomplete fusion-evaporation reaction similar to209

Bi(4He, 3n)210At. It should be noted that the statistical model calculation [3] doesn’t involve incomplete

fusion following break-up. Thus, the contribution of break-up will result in the discrepancy of thecalculations from experimental data. In the production of 210At, the result suggests that the break-up
reaction of 7Li on 209Bi plays a crucial role. However, it does not significantly affect the production of theradiotoxic nuclide 210Po since its cross sections are much smaller than those of 211Rn.

1000

Cross section / mb

100

Rn-210
Rn-211

10

At-2101
0.1
Rn-210+At-210

0.01

40

45

50

55

60

Projectile Energy / MeV
Fig.1 Excitation functions for 211Rn, 210Rn, and 210At in the 7Li+209Bi reaction. Solid marks are the crosssection measured in the present study, open marks those measured by Meyer et al. for 211Rn and the sum of210
Rn and 210At [1], and lines those calculated by the statistical model calculation [3].
References[1] G.-J. Meyer and R.M. Lambrecht, Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 31 (1979) 351-355.
[2] M. Dasqupta et al., Phys. Rev. C, 70 (2004) 024606-1-20.
[3] K. Nishio et al., Phys. Rev. C, 62 (2000) 014602-1-12.

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4.3

Production of 95mTc for compton camera imaging

Y. Hatsukawa1, K. Hashimoto1, K. Tsukada1, T.K. Sato1, M. Asai1, A. Toyoshima1, Y. Nagai1,
T. Tanimori2, S. Sonoda2, S. Kabuki3, H. Saji4 and H. Kimura4

In this study, 95mTc isotope was produced via the natMo(p, n)95mTc reaction at the Tandem accelerator. 95mTc
produced in the MoO3 target was separated and purified by the method according to previous study [1].
Irradiated proton beam currents were monitored with Faraday cup connected to a current integrator, andaveraged beam currents were 1.2 A. After a few weeks cooling time, about 500 kBq of 95mTc wereextracted from the irradiated MoO3 target after a chemical separation procedure.
A Compton camera imaging of gamma ray form 95mTc was taken by the ETCC (electron tracking Compton
camera) which is developed by the Prof. Tanimori’s group at Kyoto University [2-7].

The ETCC consistsof two detector parts. A gamma ray is scattered in the first detector which is a micro-time projection
chamber (-TPC) [8,9]. The -TPC can catch the 3D recoil electron track [14]. The scattered gamma ray iscaught by the second detector which composed of pixel scintillator arrays. The ETCC can construct the
gamma-ray direction event by event, using information from the electron track and absorption point of thescattered gamma ray. In this imaging study, an intensity of 95mTc is 170 kBq contained in 10mm plastic
vial was used as a radiation source which was placed at 10cm away from top of camera head.
Using the ETCC at Kyoto University, we have succeeded in imaging the 95mTc for 204 keV, and thetentative imaging result is shown in Fig. 1. The energy window of the ETCC is 170 – 230 keV, and numberof accepted gamma ray events is 311 events. Also this image was reconstructed by an iterative
reconstruction technique which is maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) method using
list-mode data [10]. The obtained image taken by the ETCC is distributed about30mm diameter. A higher
position sensitivity image can be reconstructed by more careful data analysis event by event. And become
more high energy, spatial resolution of the ETCC will be better because of Compton scattering phenomena.
This is the first Compton camera imaging picture with gamma rays from 95mTc isotope.
From results of this study, we show the possibility of new diagnostic tests using the Compton camera
imaging with 95mTc-labelled compounds instead of the SPECT imaging with 99mTc.

In the future, 96Tc is

more suitable for actual diagnostic test for human body than 95mTc because of their half-lives.

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA),

2

Department of Physics, Kyoto University,

3

School of Medicine, Tokai University,

4

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University

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170‐230 keV
311 events

Fig.1 Compton camera imaging obtained from 95mTc contained in a 10 mm diameter vial.
Energy window is 170 -230 keV. From accepted 311 gamma ray events, this image wasreconstructed by an interactive reconstruction technique. White circle shows size of 10 mmdiameter vial. Most of events were found within 30 mm diameter.
References[1] M.Izumo, et al., Appl. Radiat., Isot. 42 (1991) 287-301.
[2] T. Tanimori, et al., New Astron. Rev. 48 (2004) 236-241.
[3] R. Orito, et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A513 (2003) 408-412.
[4] A. Takada, et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A546 (2005) 258-262.
[5] S. Kabuki, et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A580 (2007) 1031-1035.
[6] S. Kabuki et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A623(2010) 606-607.
[7] T. Nagayoshi, et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A546(2005) 457-465.
[8] A. Ochi, et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A471(2001) 264-267.
[9] H. Kubo, et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A513(2003) 94-98.
[10] S.J. Wilderman, et al., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-45 (1998) 957.

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4.4

Medical Radioisotope Production with Accelerator Neutrons by Deuterons
K. Tsukada1, N. Sato1, M. Asai1, T.K. Sato1 and Y. Nagai1

We are proposing a new system for the generation of medical radioisotopes with accelerator neutrons by
deuterons [1], especially the production of 99Mo (T1/2 = 66 h), 90Y (T1/2 = 64 h), 67Cu (T1/2 = 61.8 h), and64

Cu (T1/2 = 12.7 h). The most common diagnostic radioisotope, 99mTc (T1/2 = 6 h), has been obtained from99

Mo (T1/2 = 66 h) which has been produced mostly by the fission reaction of highly enriched 235U in

research reactors around the world. A recent shortage of 99Mo worldwide triggered discussions on the
supply of 99Mo, and a number of 99Mo and 99mTc production methods with reactors and accelerators havebeen investigated. The positron emitting radioisotope 64Cu and β--ray emitting radioisotope 67Cu arepromising radionuclides suitable for labeling many radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging and for treatingsmall distant metastases in radioimmunotherapy, respectively. Their generally adopted production routes
are 64Ni(p,n)64Cu and 68Zn(p,2p)67Cu, respectively. However the use of 67Cu for clinical researches has
been limited due to the difficulty in obtaining sufficient quantities. 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevarin®), aradiopharmaceutical agent, a pure --ray emitter with a maximum energy of 2.28 MeV, has been used forcancer therapy. 90Y is obtained from 90Sr (T1/2 = 28.8 y), which is produced by the fission reaction of 235U.
In our study, we investigated a potential of accelerator neutrons to produce 99Mo, 64Cu, 67Cu and 90Y [2,3,4],
and we were successfully produced the isotopes which irradiated by accelerator neutrons obtained by thenat

C(d,n) using 40 MeV deuterons provided from TIARA cyclotron. In this study, we investigated to obtainan excitation function of the productions by the 90Zr(n,x) reaction.

Fig. 1 A -ray spectrum of the 90ZrO2 sample irradiated with neutrons,
which were obtained by the natC(d,n) using 30 MeV deuterons. It was taken 5hours after the end of irradiation.
Enriched 90Zr oxide samples with a radius of 10 mm and a weight of about 200 mg were irradiated withneutrons, which were obtained by the natC (d,n) using 12 - 30 MeV deuterons provided from the JAEA
1

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tandem accelerator. These samples were placed
at 9 mm between the natC target and the sample
position in the air. After a bombardment we105

measured a γ-ray spectrum of the reaction
products produced by the 90Zr(n,x) reaction

104

γ-ray spectrum from the decay of 90mY (at 203,
408, and 682 keV) which was produced with90

Y via the 90Zr(n,p) reaction, 89Zr (909 keV)and 87mSr (389 keV). The activity of the pure-

 -ray emitter90

Y is estimated from theobserved activity of 90mY by a literature value[5]. The excitation functions of

90m

Y,

89

Radioactivity / Bq

with a HPGe detector. In Fig. 1, we show a

103
102
90m

101

Zr andestimated 90Y were shown in Fig.2. Since theactivity of 90Y was found to be comparable to
89

100

Y

89

Zr

90

Y

90

that of impurity nuclide Zr (T1/2 =78.4 h), Y
will be separated from89

Zr by using an0ion-exchange separation method and purified.
The present results demonstrate that the90

medical radioisotopes, Y, can be produced byusing fast neutrons from the natC (d,n) reaction.

5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Deuteron Energy / MeV

Fig. 2
Observed excitation functions of the
productions, 90mY, 89Zr, and 90Y, by the 90Zr(n,x)
reaction .

References[1] Y. Nagai et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82 (2013) 064201.
[2] Y. Nagai and Y. Hatsukawa, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78 (2009) 033201.
[3] T. Kin et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82 (2013) 034201.
[4] Y. Nagai et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78 (2009) 113201.
[5] S. M. Qaim et al., Phys. Rev. C42 (1990) 363.

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4.5

Batch reduction and extraction experiments of Mo and W
for a future reduction experiment of seaborgium (Sg)A. Toyoshima1, S. Miyashita2, K. Ooe3, M. Asai1, M. F. Attallah4, N. Goto3, N. S. Gupta4, H. Haba5,
M. Huang1,5, M. Kaneko2, J. Kanaya5, Y. Kaneya1,6, Y. Kasamatsu7, Y. Kitatsuji1, Y. Kitayama6, K. Koga2,
Y. Komori5,7, T. Koyama3, J. V. Kratz9, H. V. Lerum4, Y. Oshimi3, V. Pershina10, D. Sato3, T. K. Sato1,
Y. Shigekawa7, A. Shinohara7, A. Tanaka3, K. Tsukada1, S. Tsuto3, A. Vascon1, T. Yokokita7, A. Yokoyama8,
J. P. Omtvedt4, Y. Nagame1 and M. Schädel1,10Seaborgium (Sg) is expected to be redox-active similar to its lighter group-6 homologs, Mo and W.
Theoretical calculation shows that seaborgium (Sg) can be reduced from the most stable hexavalent state
Sg(VI) to, e.g., the tetravalent one [1]. In such reduction reactions, electrons occupy the vacant valence 6dorbital of the Sg(VI) ion. The redox potential of the Sg(IV)/Sg(VI) couple, therefore, provides informationon the stability of the 6d orbital which is influenced by increasingly strong relativistic effects.
Because of low production rates of 265a,bSg (a and b show two different states) in the 248Cm(22Ne, 5n)reaction and their short half-lives (T1/2) of 8.5 s and 14.4 s [2], only single atoms of Sg are present during anexperiment. This means that standard electrochemical techniques are not applicable to a reduction study of
Sg. Our idea is to observe the reduction of single Sg ions by differences in the solvent extraction behavior
between non-reduced Sg(VI) and reduced Sg(IV) species after electrolytic reduction;non-reduced Sg(IV)species are extracted into an organic phase while reduced Sg(VI) remain in an aqueous phase and viceversa. In the present study, we examined the extraction and reduction behavior of carrier-free Mo and W
radioisotopes to search for extraction conditions under which chemical species in two different oxidation
states are separated.
The radioisotopes 93mMo (T1/2 = 6.9 h) and 176W (T1/2 = 2.5 h) were produced in the 89Y(7Li, 3n)93mMo and175

Lu(7Li, 6n)176W reactions, respectively, at the JAEA tandem accelerator. Reaction products transported

by a He/KCl gas-jet method at a gas flow rate of 1.5 L/min were deposited on a small plastic piece for 3
min. These were then dissolved with 220 L of aqueous solution and were introduced into a sample injector.
The injected products were then fed into a flow electrolytic column (FEC) [3] at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min
for 1 min. The applied potential was between -1.4 and 0.4 V vs. a Ag/AgCl reference electrode in 1.0 M
1Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Hiroshima University
3
Niigata University
4
University of Oslo
5
RIKEN
6
Ibaraki University
7
Osaka University
8
Kanazawa University
9
University Mainz
10
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
2

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LiCl. After the effluent from the column electrode was collected in a plastic vial, 700 L of the solution
was pipetted to another plastic tube to which the same volume of 0.2 M TOA dissolved in toluene had been
added. After shaking using a Vortex mixer for 1 min, the mixed sample was centrifuged for 30 s. From bothphases, 500 L aliquots were transferred into two vials. These two samples were then subjected to -ray
spectrometry with a Ge detector. The distribution ratio (D) was determined as D = (Aorg / Vorg) / (Aaq / Vaq)
where Aorg and Aaq are the radioactivities in organic and aqueous phases, respectively, and Vorg and Vaq are
the volumes of organic and aqueous phases, respectively. We also measured the eluted total amounts of Mo
and W from the FEC to determine their chemical yields. The effluent from the FEC at a flow rate of 1.0
mL/min was collected a plastic vial in for 1 min. This sample was measured by -ray spectrometry with a
Ge detector.
As an example, extraction behaviors of 93mMo and 176W from 0.1 M H2SO4/0.1 M HClO4 into 0.2 M TOA
are shown in Fig. 1 as a function of the applied potential of the FEC. The D value of 93mMo largely
decreases for potentials lower than -0.2 V, indicating a successful reduction and separation of Mo. On theother hand, the D values of 176W do not show any clear variation. This means that W was not reduced underthe examined conditions. Figure 2 shows the eluted amounts of 93mMo and 176W from a FEC in 0.1 M
H2SO4/0.1 M HClO4. The eluted amount of 93mMo suddenly drops at -0.4 V, while that of 176W gradually
decreases with a decrease of the potential. This suggests that Mo (strongly) and W (weakly) areelectrodeposited as metals or oxides on a carbon fiber electrode at the corresponding potentials. This
unexpected deposition constitutes a serious problem for our future on-line reduction experiments of Sg,
yielding very low chemical yields. In the near future, therefore, we will further examine the deposition andextraction behavior of Mo and W using different aqueous solutions such as pure H2SO4 and higher acidconcentrations to avoid deposition on the electrode.
103

Eluted amount / %

120

D

102

101
176W

100
80
60
40
20

93m Mo

100
-1.5

-1

-0.5
0
Applied potential / V

0
-1.5

0.5

176W
93m Mo-1-0.5
0Applied potential / V

0.5

Fig. 2 Eluted amounts of Mo and W from aflow electrolytic column (FEC) as a functionof applied potential.

Fig. 1 Distribution ratios (D) of Mo and W
in the extraction from 0.1 M H2SO4/HClO4
as a function of applied potential of a FEC.
References[1] V. Pershina et al., J. Phys. Chem. A103 (1999) 8463-8470.
[2] H. Haba et al., Phy. Rev. C85 (2012) 024611-1-11.
[3] A. Toyoshima et al., Radiochim. Acta 96 (2008) 323-326.
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4.6

Measurement of overall efficiencies of short-lived lanthanide isotopes with surface
ionization ion-source coupled to CdI2 gas-jet transport system

T. K. Sato1, M. Asai1, N. Sato1, Y. Kaneya1,2, K. Tsukada1, A. Toyoshima1, K. Ooe3, S. Miyashita4, A. Osa1,
M. Schädel1, Y. Nagame1, S. Ichikawa1,5, T. Stora6 and J. V. Kratz7

The first ionization potential (IP), one of the fundamental physical and chemical properties of an element,of heavy actinides with Z ≥ 100 has not been determined experimentally. The reason for this is because
elements with Z > 100, which have short half-lives and which are synthesized at accelerators in heavy-ion
reactions with low production rates, are only available in non-weighable quantities down to the
one-atom-at-a-time scale. These conditions call for a novel experimental approach different from a wellestablished method like resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) [1]. In order to determine IP
values of the heaviest actinides which have notbeen investigated so far, we have developed asurfaceionization

type

ion-source

for

an

innovative IP measurement method based on asurface ionization process [2, 3]. We report hereon the absolute efficiency of various short-lived
lanthanide isotopes with the ion-source coupled to
the He/CdI2 gas-jet system.
As shown in Fig.1, the experimental setup consistsof an aerosol generator, a target recoil chamber, agas-jet system with a switch to direct the products
either to a surface ionization ion-source installedin the JAEA-ISOL system, or to an aerosol
particle collector for a direct catch of thetransported activity. Nuclear reaction products
produced in the bombardment of a target by an ion
beam delivered from the JAEA tandem accelerator
are recoiling from the target and are stopped in He
gas which is loaded with CdI2 aerosol particles.
All products attached to aerosol particles are
swept out of the recoil chamber with the He gas
flow and are transported to the ion-source. Then,

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental setup.

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Ibaraki University
3
Niigata University
4
Hiroshima University
5
RIKEN
6
CERN
7
University of Mainz
2

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the nuclear reaction products are ionized on the surface by a surface ionization process and are extracted by
an extraction electrode. An ionizer of the ion-source was made from tantalum (Ta) with the inner wall linedwith a 50 μm thick rhenium (Re) foil; the ionization process takes place on the Re metal surface. Ionizedproducts are accelerated with 30 kV, mass-separated with a mass resolution of M/ΔM ~ 900, and implanted
into an aluminized Mylar tape of a tape transport system installed at the exit of the ISOL set-up. The
collected ions were measured by γ-ray spectroscopy with a HP-Ge detector. The absolute efficiency of theentire system is defined as the ratio of the amount of mass-separated isotope to that produced in the target
recoil chamber. For efficiency measurements of short-lived isotopes produced in nuclear reactions, various
lanthanide isotopes and one rubidium isotope were used as shown in Table 1. Lanthanide isotopes were
produced with 11B beams in reactions with mixed targets of 136Ce/141Pr/159Tb and 142Nd/148Sm/159Tb and a162

Dy target, while 80Rb was synthesized in reactions of natGe with 11B. Production yields of each isotope

were evaluated from the amount of the isotope observed at the aerosol particle collector based on theabsolute efficiency with the He/CdI2 transportation at a He flow rate of 1.8 L min-1 and a temperature of
290°C of the CdI2 material, 27 ± 10 %.
All efficiencies are summarized in Table 1. Statistical errors in the -ray measurement and systematic errors
from the gas-jet transport and the HP-Ge detectors are included in overall errors in the value of efficiency.
The present system has been already applied to ionization experiments of short-lived lawrencium (Lr,
Z=103) isotope, 256Lr produced in a 249Cf + 11B reaction [2].

Table 1.

Overall efficiencies of various lanthanide isotopes and 80Rb with the present surface ionization

ion-source coupled with the He/CdI2 transport system.
T1/2

Efficiency/%

34 s

26 ± 5Eu

1.223/2.59 min

16 ± 3Lu

6.7/5.5 min

5±1

Ho

3.10 min

6±1

Sm

66 s

15 ± 3140m

Pm

5.95 min

12 ± 2148

Tb

2.20 min3±1

Yb

9.9 min

4±1

Isotope80Rb142/143
168m/g
154
143

165

References[1] N. Erdmann et al., J. Alloys. Comp. 271-273 (1998) 837.
[2] T. K. Sato et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum., 84 (2013) 023304.

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CHAPTER 5
Nuclear Theory

5.1

New magic number N=34 from the energy levels of neutron-rich Ca and Sc isotopes

5.2

Fission barrier height by the spherical-basis method

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5.1 New magic number N=34 from the energy levels of neutron-rich Ca and Sc isotopes
Y. Utsuno 1, M. Honma2, T. Otsuka3, T. Togashi3, N. Shimizu3 and T. Mizusaki4

The modification of nuclear magic numbers is one of the most attractive subjects in the physics of exotic
nuclei. In light nuclei, the conventional magic numbers N=8, 20, 28 are known to disappear in neutron-richregions (for a review, see [1] for instance), whereas a new magic number N=16 appears [2,3]. The
appearance of the N=16 magic number is attributed to sharp decrease of the neutron d3/2 orbit as a functionof the proton number [4], suggesting considerable evolution of the shell structure in going from normal toexotic nuclei. The mechanism of shell evolution is of great interest in this field. The origin of theappearance of the N=16 magic number has been proposed to be strong spin-isospin dependence of theeffective interaction [5] for more than a decade, and it has also been predicted that this mechanism gives
rise to a new N=34 magic number in Ca isotopes. Since then, the N=34 magic number has been investigatedby a number of experiments, but its existence has been questioned because no signs of this magic number
were found for the neighboring isotopes of 54Ca. Finally, a direct measurement of the first excited state in54

Ca has been performed very recently, giving a clear evidence for the existence of the N=34 magic number[6].
In this study, we have carried out shell-model calculations for neutron-rich Ca and Sc isotopes, aiming at
quantifying the strength of the N=34 shell gap and at demonstrating a consistent description of those energy
levels. In Figs. 1 and 2, we compare the energy levels among three different shell-model interactions,
GXPF1A [7], GXPF1B [8] and GXPF1Br [6], with different N=32 and 34 shell gaps. The GXPF1Br
interaction is modified from the GXPF1B interaction by fine-tuning the N=34 shell gap so as to give a good
2+1 energy level in 54Ca. Figures 1 and 2 indicates that not only this energy level but also many other states
are improved by this single adjustment, including the 9/2+1 state in 51Ca, the 5/2+1 state in 53Ca, and the 1+1
in 54Sc. Those states have a large neutron f5/2 component according to shell-model calculations, and thus
being very sensitive to the N=34 shell gap which is separated between the p1/2 and f5/2 orbits. As a result, it
turns out that the GXPF1Br interaction is a reasonable shell-model interaction for describing this region.
The strength of the N=34 shell gap is extracted to be about 2.5 MeV from the GXPF1Br interaction.
Although this is a modest shell gap being close to the N=32 gap, it is much larger than the sub-shell gaps of
the Ni region that are less than 1 MeV. Moreover, the order of the neutron f5/2 and p1/2 orbits changes ingoing from Ni and Ca. This sharp change in neutron shell structure is considered to be due to cooperationof the tensor and central forces [9], both of which favor the f5/2 orbit rather than the p1/2 orbit while protons
occupy the f7/2 orbit. Hence, the N=34 magicity suddenly disappears once the valence protons occupy thef7/2 orbit, as observed in Sc and Ti isotopes.

1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
University of Aizu
3
University of Tokyo
4
Senshu University
2

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Fig. 1

Energy levels in Ca isotopes for N=31-34

comparedamongexperiment(Expt.)

Fig. 2Same as Fig. 1, but for Sc isotopes.

andshell-model calculations with the GXPF1A (A),GXPF1B (B), and GXPF1Br (Br) interactions.

References[1] O. Sorlin and M.-G. Porquet, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys., 61 (2008) 602-673.
[2] A. Ozawa et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 84 (2000) 5493-5495.
[3] R.V.F. Janssens, Nature, 459 (2009) 1069-1070.
[4] Y. Utsuno et al., Phys. Rev. C, 60 (1999) 054315-1-8.
[5] T. Otsuka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 87 (2001) 082502-1-4.
[6] D. Steppenbeck et al., Nature, 502 (2013) 207-210.
[7] M. Honma et al., Eur. Phys. J. A, 25 (2005) 499-502.
[8] M. Honma et al., RIKEN Accelerator Progress Report, 41 (2008) 32-32.
[9] T. Otsuka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 104 (2010) 012501-1-4.

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5.2 Fission barrier height by the spherical-basis method
H. Koura1

A new method of estimating fission barrier heights is presented in which potential energy surfaces arecalculated by using the spherical-basis method.

This method is based on an idea of configuration mixingof various spherical states for deformed nuclei, and gave a ground-state nuclear-mass calculation our grouppresented [1,2]. Under this assumption, the nuclear shell energy with deformations can be expressed as aweighted sum of spherical shell energies, and the weights are obtained from geometric shapes.
Figure 1 shows calculated fission barrier heights for symmetric shapes in the heavy and superheavy nuclear
mass region ranging from 76 to 148 of proton number, Z, and from 120 to 270 of neutron number, N.
Known nuclei are indicated by small black squares. In this figure, some isolated ‘islands’ in regions ofneutron-deficient heavy and superheavy mass can be seen. The island in the lighter-mass region is foundalong N = 126 with Z ≈ 114 and 126. This island is caused by a result of the strong shell closure of N = 126
and Z=114 and 126, and the barrier heights of these nuclei are over 8 MeV. However, long-lived nuclei inthis region are unexpected because this region is far outside the proton drip line as shown this figure.
Because of existence of the N=126 shell closure, the fission barriers of the neutron-deficient nuclei near N≈ 126 are enhanced, compared to the macroscopic estimation, and some nuclei such as Uranium (Z=92)
and Plutonium (Z=94) isotopes would be expected to have rather longer half-lives.

Fig. 1 Fission-barrier height in the heavy and superheavy mass region. Proton and neutron drip lines
from the KTUY
mass formula[2] are byshown
solidwouldlines.beKnown
nuclidesalso shown,as smallFurthermore,
synthesizedcross sections
heavyasions
enhancedon thearesurvival
probability.
black squares. Nuclei for which fission events were measured to occur at a rate of 10% or more areshown as open squares. These are in the region Z ≈ 110 and N ≈ 168, as shown in the figure.
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
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The island along N = 184 with Z between approximately 114 and 126 is expected to be an island of stability
in the superheavy mass region.

Calculated barrier heights are over 8 MeV.

potential in this work results in doubly magic spherical single-particle levels for
[3].

298

The adopted nuclear

Fl (Z = 114) and 310[126]The predicted proton shell gap of 114 for 298Fl and that of 126 for 310[126] are comparable (actually

the gap of 126 is slightly larger than that of 114), and this property results in the creation of an island.
In the much heavier region, a peninsula appeared along N = 228 with Z between 114 and 126. Thisenhanced region is due to the strong shell gap of N = 228, and the reason why a well-defined island is notformed is that the nucleus 354[126] is not a doubly magic nucleus in this nuclear potential (see Ref. [3]). The
barrier height of this nucleus is obtained as 6.59 MeV, comparable with those of the known actinides.
Furthermore, this nucleus is estimated to be β-stable [19]. Therefore, we can expect that this nucleus has acomparatively long half-life.

Fig. 2 α2 deformation parameter at the fission saddle point.
Figure 2 shows the deformation parameter α2 at the saddle point. In the known actinide region (90 < Z<103 and 120 < N < 160), a distinct border of α2 ≈ 0.4 lies along Z ≈ 90-92. For higher Z nuclei in the
known actinide region, α2 deformations of the saddle point are approximately 0.2–0.3.
References[1] H. Koura et al., Nucl. Phys. A 676, (2000) 47 -76.
[2] H. Koura et al., Progr. Theor. Phys. 113, (2005) 305-325.
[3] H. Koura and S. Chiba, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82, (2013) 014201-1-5.

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CHAPTER 6
Atomic Physics and Solid State Physics

6.1

Development for nanoscale lithium diffusion tracing methodin Li ion battery material using 8Li radioactive tracer

6.2

Charge state distribution of tungsten ions after penetration of C-foil targets (II)

6.3

Coster Kronig electrons from excited Cq + ions produced in the transmission
through thin carbon foils

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6.1

Development for nanoscale lithium diffusion tracing method in Li ion battery
material using 8Li radioactive tracer

H. Ishiyama1, S. C. Jeong1, Y. X. Watanabe1, Y. Hirayama1, N. Imai1, H. Miyatake1, A. Osa2, Y. Otokawa2,
M. Matsuda2, H. Makii2, T. K. Sato2, A. Nakao3, Y. H. Kim4, M. Mukai5 and S. Kimura5

The diffusion of lithium in materials used in secondary Li-ion batteries is a key factor that determines therate at which a battery can be charged and discharged. We have developed an in-situ lithium diffusion
tracing method using a short-lived radioactive ion beam of 8Li and successfully applied it to measure
diffusion coefficients in Li ionic conductor (e.g. [1]). This method is sensitive to the diffusion over the
micrometer scale and the lower limit of the diffusion coefficients (D) obtained by this method is on theorder of 10-10 cm2/s [2]. On the other hand, the diffusion coefficient of Li in LiCoO2, which is used as
positive electrode material in most Li secondary batteries, has been measured using various methods
indirectly. However, the values were scatter over values from 10-8 to 5×10-14 cm2/s [3-5]. It is desirable todirectly measure the diffusion coefficients using the improved method which has the nanoscale sensitivity
for the lithium diffusion. We have proposed a new method by detecting  particles emitted from decayed
8

Li at a small angle relative to a sample surface that is irradiated with a low-energy (the order of keV) 8Li

beam, by which the detection limit can be improved to order of 10-12 cm2/s, corresponding to several 10
nm/s diffusion. The detailed concept of our proposed method for nanoscale diffusion measurements isgiven in ref [6].

200
0.1 - 1 s (Nor.)4 - 6.6 s

In order to experimentally present such highexperimental program at the tandem facility of JAEA.
A low-energy (8 keV) 8Li beam has been provided by
an isotope separator on-line (ISOL) at the tandem
facility. In this case, the implantation depth can be set

150

Relative yieldsensitivity by our new method, we have started an

to several tens of nm from a sample surface. The

low gatehigh gate

100

50

implantation depth profile after several seconds willshow a significant amount of broadening as comparedwith the as-implanted depth profile even for nanoscale

00level diffusion. As the sample, we selected a
400-nm-thick Li2O-V2O5-SiO2 (LVSO) thin film. The
diffusion coefficient of an LVSO sample could not bemeasured below 200℃ by the previous method [2].
1High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
3
RIKEN
4
Seoul National University
5
University of Tsukuba
2

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50

100

150

Energy (channel)

200

Fig. 1 Measured time-dependent energy
spectra of  particles using LVSO at
130℃.

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Therefore, we have tried to measure the lithium diffusion coefficients at first in the thin LVSO film at thetemperatures lower than 200℃. Three Si detectors were set at  = 10°to the sample surface with the solid
angle of 2×10-4. The path length of the detected  particles in the sample increases by a factor of d/sin with respect to the depth (d) from the sample surface, thereby leading to a larger change in the measured
energy spectrum for the  particles than that measured along the implantation direction. The 8Li beam wasperiodically implanted into the sample (1.6 s for beam on and 5 s for beam off) with the intensity of about
105 pps.
Figure 1 shows energy spectra of  particles measured for
different time durations, i.e. from 0.1 to 1 s and from 4 to
6.6 s, respectively, for LVSO thin film at 130℃. As can beseen in Fig. 2, the later energy spectrum shows an obvious
shift to lower energies with an increase of time, whichcomes from the 8Li diffusion into deeper side of the sample
as discussed in ref [6].
In order to trace such temporal evolutions, we investigated
the time evolution of  particle yields within appropriate
energy regions, namely low gate and high gate, as shownin Fig. 1. Figure 2 shows time-dependent yields ofenergy-gated  particles for LVSO sample at 100℃. In
order to remove the trivial time dependence of the half-life
8time of Li, the yields, represented by ‘Ratio’ as a functionof time, were normalized by those obtained measured

Fig.

2

Time-dependent

yieldsofenergy-gated  particles for LVSO film at
100 ℃ , normalized with those for Pt
sample .The results, best simulated with adiffusion coefficient of 0.92×10-11 cm2/s
are also shown.

using Pt foil, on which no diffusion effect was observed. As a result of the comparison of the simulation [6]as shown in Fig. 2, the diffusion coefficient was obtained as 9.2×10-12 cm2/s at 100℃, demonstrating thatthe present method has a sensitivity to lithium diffusion coefficients down to orders of 10-12 cm2/s. The
detection limit for the diffusion coefficients was improved, by about two orders of magnitude, incomparison to that achieved with our previous method. For further investigations, measurements of lithium
diffusion coefficients in various electrode materials of Li secondary batteries are under progress.

References[1] S. C. Jeong, et al., Solid State Ionics 180 (2009) 626-630.
[2] S. C. Jeong, et al., AIP Conf. Proc. 1120 (2009) 197-200.
[3] H. Xia, et al., J. Power Sources 159 (2006) 1422-1427.
[4] K. Nakamura, et al., Solid State Ionics 135 (2000) 143-147.
[5] J. Sugiyama, et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82 (2013) SA023(11 pages).
[6] H. Ishiyama, et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 52 (2013) 010205(3 pages).

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6.2

Charge state distribution of tungsten ions after penetration of C-foil targets (II)M. Imai1, M. Sataka2, M. Matsuda2, S. Okayasu2,
K. Kawatsura3, K. Takahiro4, K. Komaki5, K. Nishio2 and H. Shibata1

When (even single) fast heavy-ion in MeV/u energy range irradiates a solid target, a uniquecharacteristic-features, which cannot be brought about by any other means like photon or electron impacts,
take effects by accumulation of several consecutive elastic and inelastic collision processes between
projectile ion and target atoms. It is known for fast heavy-ion irradiation that the electronic stopping power,
caused by the inelastic processes, is larger than the atomic (elastic) stopping power by more than threeorders of magnitude. As a total range of fast heavy ions is longer than 10 μm, such electronic excitation
effects span from the solid surface into inside the material and those features play effective roles in material
modification. Each inelastic collision process is strongly affected by energy, charge state, electronic stateand so on of the projectile ions, whereas our previous measurements [1-3] using sulfur and carbon
projectile ions have made it clear that the difference between collision frequency, i.e., collision crosssections for K- and L-shell electron processes exert an effect on charge and electronic state evolution. Fast
tungsten ions are often used for material modification. Since they still wear quite number of electrons
during solid penetration, charge and electronic state evolution of the projectile and secondary ion
production and transport are important aspects to understand the basics of the material modification. The
present measurement is a part of our joint research project of “Basic processes of fast heavy-ion irradiation
into solid and material property modification” and is devoted to the study of charge state distribution of 1.0
MeV/u Wq+ (q = 15−30) projectile ions before and after the equilibrium through C-foil penetration.
As has been presented in the previous annual reports [4-11], we have measured the exit charge state
distributions for penetrations of S6+ S16+ ions through C-foil targets of 0.9 200 g/cm2 in thickness andperformed calculations by an ETACHA code [12, 13] to succeed in reproducing the experimental results,
although ETACHA has been designed for higher energy region (>10 MeV/u) [1-3]. In this report, results ofour new measurements for tungsten projectiles are presented.
The experiments were performed at the LIR1–3 beam line of the 20UR Tandem Accelerator Facility. A
beam of 1.0 MeV/u (184 MeV) 184W13+ or 184W15+ ions was provided from the Tandem Accelerator within
an energy accuracy of 0.1%, which was sufficient to separate the W isotopes, and post-stripper C-foil ofabout 20 g/cm2 was used to produce higher charge states up to 30+. The Wq+ ion beam was directed into
self-supported carbon foils of 4.6 − 20 g/cm2 in thickness. The charge states after foil penetration were
measured using the heavy ion magnetic spectrometer ENMA and a position-sensitive gas chamber detector.
The vacuum condition inside the collision chamber and the spectrometer were maintained below 104 and106 Pa, respectively, to practically eliminate background charge-exchange collisions with residual gas,
which was confirmed by measurements with no foils.
1

Kyoto University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
3
Kansai Gaidai University
4
Kyoto Institute of Technology
5
RIKEN
2

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Measured charge state distributions for 1.0 MeV/u W15+ and W30+ ion incidence after penetration through
4.6, 9.9, and 20 g/cm2 C-foil targets are plotted in Fig. 1. The charge state distributions for W30+ incidence
through 9.9 and 20 g/cm2 targets fully coincide showing that the charge-equilibrium has been established.

d   q  q  q  F ( q )  ,The equilibrium mean charge state q   q qF ( q ) and distribution width2

1 2

where F(q) denotes the fraction for charge state q, are 31.4 and 2.30~2.31, respectively, whereas the only

available data from literature [14] predicts smaller mean charge state. Mean charge states of the measured
charge state distribution increase to the equilibrium value as the target thickness grows for both W15+ andW30+ incidence, but the distribution for W15+ incidence at 9.9 g/cm2 does not establish equilibrium, whose
distribution width decreases to 2.28 as the target thickness grows from 4.6 g/cm2.

W 15+ incident through C-foil

W 30+ incident through C-foil

1E+0
4.6 μg/cm2
9.9 μg/cm2

1E-1

Fraction

20 μg/cm2
1E-2
1E-3
1E-4
1E-5
20

25

30

35

40

45 20

25

30

Charge State
Fig. 1

35

40

Charge State

Charge state distribution for 1.0 MeV/u W15+ and W30+ ion incidence after penetration
through 4.6, 9.9 and 20 g/cm2 C-foils.

References[1] M. Imai et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B230 (2005) 63-67.
[2] M. Imai et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B256 (2007) 11-15.
[3] M. Imai et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B267 (2009) 2675-2679.
[4] M. Imai et al., JAEA-Review 2007-046 (2008) 87-88.
[5] M. Imai et al., JAEA-Review 2008-054 (2008) 89-90.
[6] M. Imai et al., JAEA-Review 2009-036 (2009) 91-92.
[7] M. Imai et al., JAEA-Review 2010-056 (2010) 89-90.
[8] M. Imai et al., JAEA-Review 2011-040 (2011) 67-68.
[9] M. Imai et al., JAEA-Review 2013-002 (2013) 49-50.
[10] M. Imai et al., JAEA-Review 2013-057 (2013) 45-46.
[11] M. Imai, JAEA-Review 2009-006 (2009) 168-180.
[12] J. P. Rozet et al., J. Phys. B22 (1989) 33-48.
[13] J. P. Rozet et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B107 (1996) 67-70.
[14] K. Shima et al., At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 51 (1992) 173-241.

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6.3 Coster Kronig electrons from excited Cq+ ions produced in the transmission
through thin carbon foils
S. Tomita 1, R. Kinoshita1, Y. Shiina1, K. Sasa1, M. Sataka1, M. Matsuda2, M. Imai3 and K. Kawatsura4

Strong reduction of secondary electron yield for fast cluster injection is one of interesting subject to study,
because of strong violation of the relation, Y e = L Se , where Y e is secondary electron yield, Se

iselectronic stopping power, and the parameter L is material parameter [1, 2]. We think that the behavior of
scattered electron produced by projectile ion inside material must be crucial to understand the special
cluster effect. Zero degree electron spectroscopy is one of the well-known techniques to investigate thebehavior of the electrons inside material produced by the transmission of swift ions. Especially, we focus on
the Coster Kronig electrons which correspond to the number of excited states formed by capturing electronsat emergence from target material. Since the radius of excited electron become comparable with the interatomic distance between constituent atoms of the cluster after passage of thin carbon foil, thus, the cluster
effect on the formation of such excited states is interesting to measure. We plan to make comparison of theyields of Coster Kronig electrons between atomic and molecular injection case. In this report, we present
the spectrum of Coster Kronig electrons from Cq+ ions.

Experiments were conducted at the tandem accelerator of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai. C+
ions were produced by ECR ion source from benzene gas. The ion source was located on the high voltage
terminal of the tandem accelerator. The ions were extracted by potential difference of 10 kV and injected to
the normal acceleration beam line by a 90° magnet. The mass selected ions, using a 180° magnet on thehigh voltage terminal, were injected to the acceleration tubes. The kinetic energy of C+ ion used for
current experiment was 3.5 MeV. The accelerated ions were mass selected again by a 90° bending magnet
and transported to the experimental chamber. The experimental apparatus used for the present experiment is
described elsewhere in detail [3]. The ions were injected on the target of a thin carbon foil purchased from
Arizona Carbon Foil Co. Inc.. The nominal thickness was 4.8 µg/cm2. On the downstream of the target, 45°

tandem parallel-plate spectrometer was placed at zero degrees with respect to the direction of projectile ion

beam. The resolution of the spectrometer is 3.2% without the deceleration of the electrons before entranceof second analyzer.
The obtained energy spectrum for 3.5 MeV C+

is shown in Fig.1. The electron energy refers to theprojectile rest frame. Electrons emitted in forward and backward are shown together. In both spectra, the1

University of Tsukuba
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
3
Kyoto University
4
Kansai Gaidai University
2

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peak positions correspond well to each other. The discrepancy at low energies is due to field ionization
which takes place at the entrance of electrostatic analyzer. The transition energies can be estimated withvalue of quantum defect using

E nl = D E - Q 2Ry (n - ml )2

(1)

where n is the principal quantum number, Q the charge number of the atomic core seen by the Rydberg
electron, ml , the quantum defect calculated by Theodosiou et al. [4] and Ry the Rydberg energy. Theenergy difference D E between 2s and 2p states was taken from NIST [5]. The peaks, which correspondto the Coster Kronig transition from 1s22pnl to 1s22sεl, are clearly observed for n = 5, 6, 7 . The
assignment of peaks around 1 and 2 eV is not clear so far, these might be contribution from 1s22s2pnl states.
+

The comparison with C2 at the same velocity will be performed in the following experiments.

15
14
13

n=4

n=5
l=0,1,2,3

12
11

Intensity (arb. unit)

1s22pnl → 1s22s +εl'

ForwardBackwardn=∞series limit

n=7
n=6

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2

n=4
l=2,3

1
0
0

1

n=5
l=0,1,2,32

3

1s22s2pnl → 1s22s2 + εl'
4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Electron energy (eV)Fig. 1 Energy spectrum of zero degree electrons induced by the irradiation of 3.5 MeV C+ ions through4.8 µg/cm2 carbon foil. The electron energy refers to the projectile rest frame. Electron emitted inforward (blue) and backward (red) are shown together. The vertical lines indicate the estimatesobtained with Eq. 1 (see text).
References[1] S. Tomita et al., Phys. Rev., A 73 (2006) 060901[2] S. Tomita et al., Phys. Rev. A 82 (2010) 044901[3] K. Kawatsura et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 53 (1991) 421.
[4] C. E. Theodosiou, M. Inokuti, and S. T. Manson, At. Data Nucl. Data Table 35 (1986) 473.
[5] NIST Atomic Spectra Database, http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/asd.cfm

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CHAPTER 7
Radiation Effects in Materials

7.1

Nanosphere formation of CeO2 irradiated with high-energy heavy ions

7.2

Ion track structure in CeO2 irradiated with swift heavy ions

7.3

Shape and property control of metal nanoparticles by swift heavy ion irradiation

7.4

Ion irradiation effects on WN films

7.5High energy ion induced electrical degradation of thin SiC

7.6

Flux pinning properties for B || c-axis and B || ab-planein high-Tc superconductors with splayed columnar defects

7.7

Ion energy dependence of ferromagnetism induced
by energetic ion irradiation in CeO2

7.8

Effect of nuclear stopping power on the track formation in amorphous silicon nitride

7.9

Clustering of exchanged cations in Zeolite using high energy heavy ion irradiation

7.10 Quantitative hydrogen analysis for hydrogen-implanted sapphire by NRA method

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7.1

Nanosphere formation of CeO2 irradiated with high-energy heavy ions
N. Ishikawa1, N. Okubo1, T. Sonoda2, T. Sawabe2 and M. Sasase3

When an oxide is irradiated with ions with high-energy heavy ions, modified columnar area called
ion-tracks are often created. Inside the ion-track, the crystalline structure is modified or the density isdifferent from the matrix.

Because of these features, ion-tracks can be visualized by a transmission

electron microscope (TEM).
It is already known that in CeO2 irradiated with high-energy heavy ions ion-tracks are formed. According
to the previous literatures[1,2], the ion-track in ion-irradiated CeO2 is not amorphized and its crystal
structure is maintained but somehow modified from the original lattice structure. There have been manystudies that suggest oxygen is deficient inside the ion-track[3,4]. Recently, it has been found by thehigh-resolution TEM study that the signal intensity of the Ce cation column is reduced[5].

It is important

to know how and where Ce and O atoms are displaced, because it is closely related to the ion-trackformation mechanism. One of the methods to elucidate the mechanism is to investigate the surface swelling,
because it is probably related to the cooling process of the transiently excited hot atoms inside theion-tracks.

Unfortunately, there is no literature concerning the surface morphology as long as

ion-irradiated CeO2 is concerned.

In this paper, we report for the first time that in ion-irradiated CeO2

nanospheres are formed at the surface of CeO2 sample.
The samples for TEM were picked up from sintered polycrystalline CeO2 and thinned by focused ion beam
(FIB) method.

They were irradiated with 200 MeV Au at room temperature. One of the samples isirradiated from the direction normal to the sample surface. Figure 1 shows the bright field images of
ion-irradiated CeO2 which was irradiated from the direction normal to sample surface and was tilted in the
microscope. The ion-tracks can be imaged with off-focus condition, while they cannot be imaged clearly bybright field image mode with focused condition. The image of ion-tracks becoming black or white depends
on whether the observation condition is over-focus or under-focus. At both ends of the ion-tracks, circular
contrasts are observed. Their size is larger than the width of the ion-tracks.
In order to clarify whether the circular contrasts are actually spherical objects, another sample wasirradiated from inclined direction (45 degree) relative to the sample surface. Figure 2 shows the objects
observed at the crack faces of ion-irradiated CeO2 are mostly spherical. Ion-tracks are also observed, andnanospheres are found at the end of the ion-tracks. They are observed at both crack faces indicating thatnanospheres are created not only at the irradiated front face but also at the rear face where ions exit.
Nanosphere formation has never been taken into consideration when, for example, molecular dynamics
simulation of ion-track formation process has been performed.
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industries (CRIEPI)
3The Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center (WERC)
2

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Formation of nanospheres may be an

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important clue to elucidate the thermal history of the local region near ion-tracks.

(b)

(a)

Fig. 1 Bright field image of ion-tracks for CeO2 irradiated with 200 MeV Au. The sample is tilted
in the microscope. (a) The image is taken in under-focus condition.(b) The image is taken in
over-focus condition.

Fig. 2 Bright field image of nanospheres
created at the crack faces of irradiated
CeO2. The sample was irradiated from theinclined direction of 45 degrees. The
white arrow indicates the direction
parallel to the observed ion-tracks.

References[1] T. Sonoda et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 250 (2006) 254- 258.
[2] K. Yasuda et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 314 (2013) 185-190.
[3] K. Ohhara et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B267 (2009) 973-975.
[4] H. Ohno et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 266 (2008) 3013-3017.
[5] S. Takaki et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 326 (2014) 140–144.

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7.2

Ion track structure in CeO2 irradiated with swift heavy ions
S. Takaki1, K. Yasuda1, S. Matsumura1, N. Ishikawa2 and M. Matsuda2

Irradiation by fission products (FPs) induces most crucial radiation damage in nuclear fuel andtransmutation target materials. High-density electronic excitation caused by FPs is known to form
continuous ion tracks in oxide ceramics. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM) observation of ion tracks formed in CeO2 under 200 MeV Xe ion irradiation has indicated that theatomic density at the core region of ion tracks is decreased, and that the oxygen sublattice at the coredamage region of ion tracks is significantly disordered [1]. This report aims to clarify the effect ofelectronic stopping power, Se, on the structure of ion tracks in CeO2. Swift heavy ions were irradiated to
CeO2 with energies ranging from 70 to 340 MeV and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was applied
to the irradiated specimens.
Polycrystalline CeO2 specimens were fabricated by sintering in air and those specimens were irradiatedwith swift heavy ions to energies ranging from 70 to 340 MeV at an ambient temperature at the Tandem
accelerator facility in JAEA-Tokai. The electronic stopping power (Se) of 70 MeV Xe, 100 MeV Kr, 200
MeV Xe and 340 MeV Au ions at surface region of CeO2 specimen was calculated by SRIM code to be 17,19, 27 and 39 keV/nm, respectively. Irradiated specimens were prepared to be thin-foils by using Ar-ion
milling for plan-view observations. Microstructure observations were performed with bright-field (BF) andweak-beam dark-field (WBDF) TEM imaging technique at accelerating voltage 200 kV.
Figure 1 shows BF plane-view images in CeO2 irradiated with 100 MeV Kr ions to a fluence of 1×1014
ions/cm2, taken with different focus conditions, which illustrates damage regions of ion tracks. Distinct
white dot-contrast with about 2 nm in diameter is observed with an under-focus condition (Fig. 1(d)),
whereas those regions were observed as black dot-contrast with over-focus conditions (Fig. 1(b), (c)). Suchreverse of contrast dependent on the focus conditions indicates that the damage regions are observed as
Fresnel-contrast. The cause of Fresnel contrast is attributed to the decrease in the atomic density at the coredamage region [1]. The areal density of this Fresnel-contrast was evaluated to be 1×1012 / cm2, which isabout 2.5 times larger than the areal density of ion tracks in CeO2 irradiated with 210 MeV Xe ions to thesame fluence of 1×1014 ions/cm2 [2]. The higher saturated areal density of 100 MeV Kr ions at high fluencesuggests that the influence region induced by an incident ion is smaller than the one caused by 210 MeV Xe
ions.
Figure 2(a) shows an inclined view of WBDF image in CeO2 irradiated with 100 MeV Kr ions to a fluenceof 1×1014 ions/cm2, which illustrates ion tracks as a continuous bar contrast along the path of penetratingions. Effective thickness excitation contour of the matrix is also seen in Fig. 2 (a). Fig. 2 (b) is themagnified image of the indicated region in Fig. 2 (a). These contrast of ion tracks in Fig. 2 (b) is observed
1
2

Kyushu University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
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rather vaguely compared to the ones observed in CeO2 irradiated with 200 MeV Xe ions [1]. This result aswell as the different saturation density between 100 MeV Kr and 200 MeV Xe ions suggest that thestructure of the core damage region of ion tracks is different between these irradiation conditions.

Figure 1 BF plan-view images obtained from core damage region ion tracks in CeO2 irradiated with 100
MeV Kr ions to a fluence of 1×1014 ions/cm2, taken in different focus conditions.

Figure 2 Weak-beam (g,5g), g = 111 dark-field image of CeO2 irradiated with 100 MeV Xe ions to afluence of 1 × 1014 ions/cm2 (a). A magnified image of an area surrounded by a dashed line in Fig. 3(a) isshown in (b).

References[1] S.Takaki et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 326 (2014) 140.
[2] K.Yasuda et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 314 (2013) 185.

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7.3

Shape and property control of metal nanoparticles
by swift heavy ion irradiation
H. Amekura1, N. Okubo2 and N. Ishikawa2

When spherical nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in silica glass (SiO2) are irradiated with swift heavy ions
(SHI), elongation of the NPs, i.e., the deformation from spheres to rods along the ion beam direction, is
induced [1]. This phenomenon has been confirmed in various metal NPs, including Au, Ag, Pt, Co, Zn, etc.,
as well as an ordered alloy of FePt, and a solid solution of Au1-xAgx. However, the elongation of
non-metallic NPs has been limited to Ge NPs.

In this study, we evaluated the effects of SHI irradiation to

ZnO NPs, i.e., another species of non-metallic NPs. Shape elongation of NPs was detected by optical linear
dichroism (OLD) spectroscopy and cross-sectional transmission microscopy (XTEM). However, theelongated NPs coexisted with non-elongated larger ZnO NPs. Electron energy loss spectroscopy withscanning TEM (STEM-EELS) revealed that the elongated NPs consisted of Zn metal rather than ZnO. The
SHI irradiation induced the reduction of ZnO NPs to Zn NPs, and following elongation of the reduced Zn
NPs.
ZnO NPs were prepared by Zn ion implantation, followed by thermal oxidation [2]. A silica glass was
implanted with Zn ions of 60 keV to a fluence of 1.0  1017 ions/cm2. The implanted samples were
thermally oxidized at 700C for 1 h in flowing oxygen gas. This process induced the formation of the
two-layer structure of ZnO NPs, i.e., larger NPs on the surface and smaller NPs embedded in SiO2 [2]. The
surface ZnO NPs were covered with a SiO2 layer of 300 nm thick by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at
350C. The samples with embedded ZnO NPs were irradiated with 200MeV Xe14+ ions by using theTandem accelerator at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency’s Tokai Research and Development Center (JAEA,
Tokai). The SHI fluence ranged from 1.0  1011 to 5.0  1013 ions/cm2. The samples were irradiated with anincident angle of 45 from the surface normal.
Figure 1(a) and (b) show XTEM images from a sample irradiated to 5.0  1013 ions/cm2. The larger NPs
with dome-like shapes located at the upper center of Fig. 1(a) were originally the surface ZnO NPs. The
original substrate surface before CVD is clearly visible as a black horizontal line around the center of Fig.
1(a). Elongated NPs were observed approximately 50 nm deeper than the original substrate surface, where
smaller embedded ZnO NPs once existed before the irradiation. The major axes of the elongated NPs
pointed in the same direction, i.e., in the incident direction of the SHI beam at 45 from the surface normal.
A high-resolution TEM image of an elongated NP is shown in Fig. 1(b). The observed lattice fringes of aperiod of 0.495 nm could not be ascribed to any ZnO diffractions but to Zn (001) diffraction.
To judge more clearly whether the elongated NPs consisted of ZnO or of Zn, we performed a composition
1
2

National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
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analysis using STEM-EELS. Figure 2(a) is a high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) image of the areaaround an elongated NP indicated by “1”. Figure 2(b) shows the element compositions (Zn, Si, and O)
detected by STEM-EELS along the line shown in Fig. 2(a). The Zn peaks appearing at positions x ~ 14 and48 nm correspond to a nearly spherical NP and the elongated one, respectively. From the concentration
profiles of Zn, Si, and O shown in Fig. 2(b), the profile of a metallic Zn element was determined (Fig. 2(c)),
under the assumption of stoichiometric ZnO and SiO2. The result showed that the elongated NP at x ~ 48
nm and the nearly spherical NP at ~14 nm consisted of Zn metal and ZnO, respectively.
Certain portions of ZnO NPs were reduced to metallic Zn NPs by SHI irradiation. Further irradiationinduced elongation of the reduced NPs which were larger than the threshold size.

Fig. 1. Bright-field XTEM images of ZnO
NPs embedded in SiO2 irradiated with 200
MeV Xe14+ ions to 5.0  1013 ions/cm2. In(a), NPs elongated with the irradiation are
shown by arrows. Image (b) shows amagnified image of an elongated NP.

Fig. 2. (a) HAADF image of an elongated NP(indicated by “1”) observed in a sample irradiatedwith 200 MeV Xe14+ ions to 5.0  1013 ions/cm2. (b)Elemental distributions of Zn, Si, and O along theline shown in (a) across the NP, as detected by
STEM-EELS. (c) Distribution of metallic Zn, as
determined under the assumption of stoichiometric
ZnO and SiO2.

References[1] C. D’Orléans et al., Phys. Rev. B 67 (2003) 220101.
[2] H. Amekura and N. Kishimoto, in "Lecture Notes in Nanoscale Science and Technology" Vol. 5, editedby Z. Wang (Springer, New York, 2009) 175.

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7.4

Ion irradiation effects on WN films

N. Matsunami1, T. Teramoto1, S. Okayasu2, M. Sataka2 and H. Kakiuchida3

The authors have investigated electronic excitation effects on the electrical resistivity, optical absorption
and atomic structure of oxides [1] and nitrides such as Cu3N [2]. There are a few studies of electronic
excitation effects on nitrides. We have studied modifications of WN by high-energy ions for better
understanding of the effects on nitrides.
WN films were prepared by using a RF-magnetron sputter deposition method on C-plane-cut-Al2O3substrates at 425 ºC with W target (99.95 % purity) and N2 gas. Substrate temperature was optimized sothat the X-ray diffraction (XRD) intensity takes its maximum. The composition and film thickness were
evaluated by means of Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) of 1.8 MeV He+ ions with tables of
stopping powers [3]. It appears that unwanted oxygen is incorporated in films and the composition of
WNxOy films is obtained to be x=1.1±0.1 and y=0.4±0.1. Presence of oxygen in films was confirmed byenergy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements. XRD with Cu-Kα shows a strong peak at the diffraction
angle of 2θ≈37 º and a weak peak at 2θ≈79 º (Fig. 1) and these peaks are assigned as hexagonal WN,
referring to JCPDS card data [4]. No peaks were observed other than WN and Al2O3. The lattice parametersof (a- and c-axes) of as deposited films are smaller by 3 % and 0.5 % than the values in [4]. It is speculated
that smaller lattice parameter is partly due to oxygen inclusion. The peak at 2θ≈37 º, (100) diffraction, isconcerned hereafter. For RBS, we employ the W density of NW=5.2x1022 cm-3, evaluated from the lattice
parameters determined by XRD (0.2435 nm (a-axis) and 0.2815 nm (c-axis)), the composition being taken
to be WNO0.4. Thickness of films used in the present study is ~ 50 nm. The resistivity was measured byfour-terminal method and the resistivity of unirradiated film increases with decreasing the temperature from25 to -250 ºC like semiconductor. Ion irradiation was performed at room temperature.
For 100 MeV Xe ion impact on WNxOy film, it is found that at the ion fluence of 0.3x1012 cm-2, the XRD
intensity decreases to a half of that before the ion irradiation and to 1/50 at 3.7x1013 cm-2 (Fig. 1, upper
XRD pattern). It also appears that the a-axis lattice parameter increases with increasing the ion fluence,reaching the maximum lattice expansion of 1.4 % at 0.7x1012 cm-2 and turns to lattice compaction by 0.5 %for further irradiation (fluence > 2x1012 cm-2). For lower fluence (<1012 cm-2), lattice expansion is partly
due to lattice relaxation by ion irradiation. Influence of the atomic structure modification on the electricalresistivity will be discussed later. A tiny diffraction peak at 2θ≈64.5 º (Fig. 1, upper XRD) is not due to W
neither WO3, not identified at present. The optical absorbance monotonically decreases with the optical
wavelength (200 to 2500 nm), indicating that the bandgap does not exist in the region of 0.4 – 6 eV. No
appreciable change was observed in the optical absorption by ion irradiation and neither observed in changeof the composition under ion irradiation.
_____________________________________________________________________
1

Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University

2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

3

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

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The electrical resistance of unirradiated WNxOy film is 12 kΩ (0.031 Ωcm), and it is found that theresistance decreases by ion irradiation as shown in Fig. 2, also that the resistivity is nearly independent of
the film thickness, indicating insignificant contribution of surface effects. The resistance steeply decreases
by more than an order of magnitude for the ion fluence ~ 1012 cm-2 (as described above, the lattice turns tocompaction at this fluence) and gradually decreases for further ion irradiation. The lowest resistanceachieved in this study is 150Ω (3.8x10-4 Ωcm). Similarly, an order of magnitude reduction of the resistivity
was observed for 100 keV N ion irradiation at ~ 1016 cm-2. These results indicate that the electronic
excitation plays an important role in the resistivity modification of WNxOy film, since the fluence necessary
for the resistivity modification for 100 MeV Xe ion is smaller by three order of magnitude than for 100 keV
N ion irradiation, and the electronic stopping power is larger by the same amount for 100 MeV Xe ion,while the nuclear stopping power is comparable for both ions (Table 1). The resistivity reduction (a factorof 80) is much smaller than the case of Cu3N (eight order of magnitude) [2].
Table 1 Projected range (Rp), electronic (Se) and nuclear (Sn) stopping powers near surface of WNO0.4 for
100 MeV 136Xe and 100 keV N ions in calculated using TRIM1997 [3].
Ions

Rp(μm)

Se(keV/nm)

Sn(keV/nm)

100 MeV Xe

4.8

38.9

0.45

100 keV N

0.065

0.59

0.16

-2

10

x 1/1010
unirrad.

5

100 MeV Xe -> WN

unir.

12

100 MeV Xe 3.7x10 cm

RESISTANCE (k)XRD INTENSITY (a. u.)

15

1

0.1
0

40

50

60
2 (DEG.)

70

0.001

80

0.01
0.1
1
10
100 100012-2100 MeV Xe FLUENCE (10 cm )Fig. 1 XRD patterns of WNxOy as deposited film

Fig. 2 Resistance of a WNxOy film vs fluence(lower pattern) and after 100 MeV Xe ion irradiationof 100 MeV Xe ions (●).

12-2

at 5.3x10 cm (upper pattern). Peaks at 2θ≈37 ºand ≈78 º are diffraction of (100) and (102) ofhexagonal WN, and 41.7 º c-Al2O3 (006).
References[1] N. Matsunami et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B314(2013)55.
[2] N. Matsunami et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys Res., B267(2009)2653.
[3] J. F. Ziegler, J. P. Biersack, U. Littmark, The Stopping and Range of Ions in Solids, Pergamon Press,
1985.
[4] JCPDS card number 251256.

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7.5High energy ion induced electrical degradation of thin SiC
N. Okubo1, T. Nozawa1, K. Ozawa1 and N. Ishikawa1

In this report, to understand the effects of high energy primary knock-on atom (PKA) introduced byhigh-energy fusion neutron irradiation, the electrical conductivity change by high energy ion irradiation isevaluated. Radiation induced electrical degradation (RIED) of SiC was measured in the enough thin
specimens after high energy heavy ion irradiation. Functional ceramics including Al2O3 and SiC are
attractive materials for a fusion demonstration power reactor (DEMO). Toward DEMO applications,changes of the electrical conductivity of the ceramics under irradiation must be serious problems, as well asother possible detrimental effects on the microstructure of the ceramic materials due to displacement
damage, since these properties are affected by irradiation, depending on temperature and dose rate.
Electrical resistivity measurements have been conducted using some irradiation sources such as a fusion
neutron source (FNS) and a research reactor (JRR-3) [1, 2]. Measurements with fission neutron irradiation
have been also conducted [3–5]. However, the damage levels and the PKA energy available for FNS and
JRR-3 are limited and insufficient for the DEMO design. In this report, to understand the effects of highenergy PKAs introduced by high-energy fusion neutron irradiation, the electrical conductivity change byhigh energy ion irradiation is evaluated.
The specimen configuration and the electric circuit for electrical conductivity measurement were applied
from Ref. [2] to high energy ion irradiation. Irradiation of 160 MeV Xe ions was conducted at the central
part of thin specimen. The projectile range of the ions was about 10 m. To suppress the effect of leakcurrent at the specimen surface sensitive to surface electron migration and carbon contamination during
irradiation, the specimen with a guard ring is often applied to measure the electrical conductivity ofceramics. Irradiation area was selected by specimen mask to cover only the center electrode and monitored
by both currents of center and guard ring. The thickness of the specimen was 50 m in this period (2013).
The thickness might be lower limit because of bonding the Au wire and also handling without break.
Irradiation with high-energy Xe ions has been already verified to produce surface amorphous layer, which
was caused by accumulation of ion tracks around surface region in single crystal Al2O3 by intense electron
excitation [6]; therefore, 160 MeV Xe ions were used even for SiC. Preliminary irradiation results showedthat I-V characteristics were not ohmic correlation and included defect recovering for as received thin
specimens with Pt/Ti electrodes. Then, thermal annealing at 800℃ for 30 min was conducted under 1.0×
10-3 Pa before irradiation to remove defects in the sputtered films of Pt and Ti.
Figure 1 shows correlation between the measured currents and the applied voltages (current-voltage
characteristics) for sintered -SiC before and after irradiation at ambient temperature. The ion dose rate andtotal dose was about 4×109 ions/cm2s and 7×1013 ions/cm2, respectively. The electrical conductivity wascalculated for ohmic voltage region about 1 V. The conductivity was 4.86×10-3 S/m for before irradiation
1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency(JAEA)
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and degraded to be 2.84×10-3 S/m after the irradiation. In previous reports, we showed the I-V correlation
after irradiation for thick specimens of 200 m. There was almost no degradation unlikely in this case evenfor high dose irradiation of 2×1014 ions/cm2. It suggests that the thickness of 50 m is better for estimationof RIED, because the order of thickness is comparable with the ion projectile range ～10 m, under which
depth the layer is modified by high PKA energy.
The next step is to measure the electricalconductivity under the irradiation byusing the enough thinned specimen.
Then, the electrical conductivity affectedby high-energy PKA is expected to beobtained by in-situ measurement during
irradiation. Irradiation with ion energies
ranging one to ten times as high as thatof the maximum PKA energy produced
by fusion neutron irradiation will be
conducted focusing on the significanceof irradiation-induced microstructuralchange by intense electron excitation of
the materials. The surface morphology
andmicrostructural

evaluation

irradiated specimen will be conducted.

ofFig. 1 Correlation between the measured current
and the applied voltage for -SiC before, and after
ion irradiation at ambient temperature.

References[1] K. Noda et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 29 (1995) 448.
[2] T. Tanifuji et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 253 (1998) 156.
[3] T. Shikama et al., Ceramics in Nuclear and Alternative Energy Applications, The American Ceramics
Society, (2006) 145-156.
[4] T. Shikama, B. Tsuchiya, E.R. Hodgson, J. Nucl. Mater. 367-370 (2007) 995.
[5] B. Tsuchiya et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 367-370 (2007) 1073.
[6] N. Okubo, N. Ishikawa and S. Jitsukawa, Nucl. Instum. Methos Phys. Res., B314 (2013) 208-210.

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7.6 Flux pinning properties for B || c-axis and B || ab-planein high-Tc superconductors with splayed columnar defects
T. Sueyoshi1, Y. Furuki1, T. Kai1, T. Fujiyoshi1 and N. Ishikawa2

In high-Tc superconductors, one-dimensional (1D) pinning centers (PCs), which are line-like defects suchas dislocations and columnar defects (CDs), are most effective to immobilize flux lines even at a hightemperature and a high magnetic field. One feature of the 1D PCs is to exhibit the preferential direction for
the flux pinning. To take advantage of this feature, the introduction of the 1D PCs in multiple directions isthought of as a simple way to make the crtical current density Jc fairly isotropic over a wide range ofmagnetic field orientations. As for flux pinning by direction-dispersed (splayed) 1D PCs, it wastheoretically predicted that the flux pinning can be further improved at the mid direction of the dispersion(usually at the c-axis direction) when the dispersion in 1D PC directions is slight [1]. This splay effect has
been experimentally examined, especially for a bimodal splay configuration consisting of two parallel CDfamilies at crossing angles i relative to the c-axis [2]. To our knowledge, however, these experiments havebeen aimed at the enhancement in the Jc for B || c-axis for the most part; unexpectedly, the influence of the
splayed 1D PCs on the flux pinning at another direction has not been well studied so far. In this work, weinvestigate in detail the flux pinning properties of splayed CDs not only around B || c-axis but also around B|| ab-plane for GdBCO coated conductors with CDs crossing at smaller angles produced by heavy-ion
irradiations.
The samples were cut from a 5 mm-width tape of a PLD-processed GdBCO-coated conductor deposited on
an IBAD substrate (Fujikura Ltd.). The thickness of superconducting layer was 2.2 m. The
superconducting layer was patterned in bridge geometry with about 40 m width and 1 mm length. After
that, the samples were irradiated with 270 MeV Xe ions at the tandem accelerator of JAEA in Tokai, Japan.
To install the crossed CDs, the incident ion beam was always directed perpendicular to the bridge of sample
and was tilted off the c-axis by i in a range from 15 to 75. It is noted that crossed CDs with i = 60or 75 relative to c-axis correspond to two parallel families of CDs crossing at 30 or 15 relative to theab-plane, in other words. In all samples, the total fluence is 2.0  1011 ions/cm2 and the samples were
irradiated to half the fluence for each irradiation direction. The transport properties were measured using afour-probe method in evaluating the Jc properties. The transport current was always applied in the direction
perpendicular to the magnetic field.
Figure 1 shows the angular dependence of Jc at 77.3 K and 4 T for the irradiated samples, where  is theangle between the magnetic field and the c-axis of GdBCO coated conductors. For i = 15 and 75, asingle peak remarkably emerges around B || c-axis ( = 0), which originates from the introduced CDs
crossing around the c-axis. As the crossing angle becomes narrow, the height of the peak around  = 0
1
2

Kumamoto University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
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increases and the width of the peak sharpens. These phenomena would be ascribed to the splay effect, inwhich the motion of flux lines from one CD to another is suppressed by the slight dispersion in the
direction of CDs [1]. For i = 60 and 75, on the other hand, the introduced CDs produce not a single
peak at the mid direction of two irradiation angles i but two sharp ones just at i in the Jc() properties.
Note that the value of Jc rapidly declines as the direction of magnetic field approach  = 90, so that a dip
structure occurs instead of a peak one. At  = 90, the Jc() curve barely have convex curvature and thevalue of Jc increases with narrowing the crossing angles of CDs. Thus, the CDs in each direction seem towork independently of one another for i = 60 and 75, though two parallel families of CDs crossing at
15 or 30 relative to c-axis cooperate and work as correlated PCs along the c-axis. In general, stacking
faults and intrinsic PCs are well-known to be correlated PCs at B || ab-plane [3]. By contrast, the CDs
crossing at small angles relative to the ab-plane seem to contribute to the flux pinning at B || ab-plane
somewhat, but not to induce the splay effect at B || ab-plane. The reason why the crossed CDs do not workas the correlated PCs along the ab-plane is unknown at present. One possible reason for this phenomenon isthat the flux pinning regime is different between flux line states for B || c-axis and B || ab-plane. In high-Tc
superconductors, the Josephson-vortex is created when the magnetic field is applied parallel to the ab-plane[4]. The structure of the Josephson vortex, which does not have a normal core and is a ellipse-like shape, isdifferent from that of the flux lines for B || c-axis, so different behaviours from the case of B || c-axis are
expected in the Josephson-vortex system [5]. When a magnetic field is tilted away from c-axis, flux lines
are not merely tilted but a crossing lattices state, where flux lines along c-axis and Josephson vortices along
ab-plane coexists, is predicted in theory [4] and confirmed in experiments [6]. Thus, the flux lines might

2

Jc [ MA/cm ]not be localized and entangled on tilted CDs for B || ab-plane, in contrast to the case of B || c-axis.

0.3(a) T = 77.3 K

 i = ± 15 oo i = ± 75

B =4T

 i = ± 30 oo i = ± 60(b) T = 77.3 K
B=4T

0.2
0.1
-60

-30

0

30
 [deg.]

60

90

120 -60-30

030
 [deg.]

60

90

120

Fig. 1 Angular dependence of Jc at 77.3 K and 4 T in GdBCO coated conductors withcolumnar defects crossing at various angles.

References[1] T. Hwa et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 71 (1993) 3545.
[2] L. Krusin-Elbaum et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 2563.
[3] L. Civale et al., IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 15 (2005) 2808.
[4] A.E. Koshelev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 187.
[5] S. Haraguchi, T. Naito, H. Iwasaki, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 74 (2005) 3365.
[6] A. Grigorenko et al., Nature 414 (2001) 728.

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7.7

Ion energy dependence of ferromagnetism induced
by energetic ion irradiation in CeO2
T. Kishino1, N. Ishikawa2 , Y. Saitoh2 and A. Iwase1

We irradiated CeO2 sintered pellets with 200MeV Xe and 10MeV iodine ions. Effects of the irradiation on
their magnetic properties and lattice structure were estimated by using a SQUID magnetometer, x-ray
diffraction (XRD) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS). In addition to the irradiation experiments,
we studied the effect of oxygen vacancies, which was induced by high temperature annealing in a vacuum,on the magnetic property of CeO2. In this report, we show the appearance of ferromagnetism in CeO2
pellets by the energetic heavy ion irradiation or vacuum annealing. Then, we discuss the origin of ion
irradiation induced ferromagnetism[1].
Specimens used in the present study were pure CeO2 bulk pellets which were prepared by a conventional
ceramic process. They were irradiated with 200MeV Xe ions and 10MeV I ions at room temperature. The
lattice structure of the specimens was characterized using a conventional Cu-Kα x-ray diffraction (XRD).
The magnetization-external magnetic field (M-H) curves were measured at 300K using a SQUID
magnetometer. To analyze the short range order of the atomic arrangement around Ce atoms, we performed
the EXAFS (extended x-ray absorption fine structure) measurement at the beamline 27B of High Energy
Accelerator Organization (KEK). Some CeO2 specimens were not irradiated but were annealed at 1273 K
for 1 hour in a vacuum of 1.0×10-4Pa. We measured the XRD spectra and the M-H curves also for theannealed specimens.
Figure 1 shows the ion-fluence dependence of the magnetic moments per unit area of CeO2 specimen for
the two ion irradiations. We have to note here that the unit of the ordinate axis is emu/cm2 and not emu/cm3.
The magnetic moment for 10MeV I irradiation is much smaller than that for 200MeV Xe irradiation even at
the same ion fluence. As the energy deposition into CeO2 target through the electronic excitation process ismuch larger for 200MeV Xe ions than that for 10 MeV I ions, the experimental result suggests that theelectronic excitation process induces the ferromagnetic state in CeO2.
The XRD measurement shows that the lattice parameter increases with increasing ion-fluence. The EXAFS
spectra show that the coordination number of oxygen atoms around Ce atoms decreases by the ion
irradiation. Moreover, according to the result of our recent molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for theeffect of “ultra-high lattice temperature” along the ion beam path in CeO2[2], the arrangements of oxygen
atoms and cerium atoms are strongly disordered, but during the subsequent relaxation process, most of
cerium disordering recovers, and mainly oxygen vacancies remain along the ion beam path. The XRD and
EXAFS results as well as this MD simulation suggest that as a result of electronic excitation, oxygen
1
2

Osaka Prefecture University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
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vacancies are mainly produced along energetic ion path.
Figure 2 shows the effect of thermal annealing at 1273K on the magnetic property of CeO2. In the case of
vacuum annealing, as it is quite difficult to estimate the volume of the reduced region, we can hardly obtainthe magnetization value for the reduced (oxygen-deficient) region quantitatively. Therefore, in the figure,we plotted the raw value of the magnetic moment. For comparison, the magnetic moment for thenon-reduced specimen is also shown in the figure.

The figure clearly shows the appearance of theferromagnetic state by the vacuum annealing at 1273K. The result of the annealing experiment confirmsthat oxygen vacancies play an important role in the appearance of the ferromagnetism in CeO2.

0.0002
10MeV

0.00015200MeV

0.005

Magnetic moment [emu]

0.004
0.003
0.002
0.001
0

before annealing
just after annealing

0.0001

2

Magnetic Moment [emu/cm ]

0.006

5 10

-5

0
-5 10

-5

-0.0001-0.00015
0

5 10

12

1 10

13

13

1.5 10

2 10

13

13

2.5 102-0.0002 4-1 10

Ion Fluence [ions/cm ]

-5000

0

5000

1 10

4

Magnetic field [Oe]Fig. 1 Magnetic moment per the unit area (1Fig. 2 Magnetic moment for CeO2 specimencm2) for 200 MeV Xe ion and 10 MeV I ion

before and after annealing in vacuum as airradiated CeO2 specimens as a function offunction of external magnetic field.

the ion fluence.
References[1] T. Kishino et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 53 (2014)05FC07.
[2] Y. Sasajima et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods B, 314 (2013) 202–207.

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7.8 Effect of nuclear stopping power on the track formation in amorphous silicon nitride
T. Kitayama 1, Y. Morita 2, K. Nakajima1, M. Tsujimoto1, S. Isoda1, M. Mastuda2,
M. Sataka2, K. Narumi2, Y. Saitoh2 and K. Kimura1

When an energetic ion passes through a material, an ion track may be produced along the ion path if theelectronic stopping power is larger than a material dependent threshold value and the diameter of the ion
tracks increases with the electronic stopping power. Recently, we have demonstrated that ion tracks inamorphous silicon nitride (a-SiN) thin films produced by 0.36 – 5 MeV C60 ion impact can be clearlyobserved using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-angle annular dark field scanningtransmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) [1-2].

Figure 1 shows the diameter of the observed

tracks as a function of C60 ion energy. The diameter of the observed track is almost constant from 0.36 to
5 MeV while the electronic stopping power (dashed line) increases from 7 to 25 keV/nm.

Consideringthat the nuclear stopping powers of these C60 ions (dot-dashed line) are comparable to the electronic
stopping power, this indicates that the nuclear stopping power plays an important role in the trackformation.

In the present study, the ion tracks produced by swift heavy ions are observed in the energy

region where the electronic stopping is dominant to estimate the effect of the nuclear stopping power on the
track formation.
Self-supporting a-SiN films of 30 nm thickness were irradiated with 200 MeV Au, Kr14+ and 415 MeV Au
The Au ions were incident on the sample after passing through a thincarbon foil to achieve an equilibrium charge state.
4

observations were performed using a JEOL
JEM-2200FS equipped with a field emission gun
operating at 200 kV.

The samples were held at the

specimen tilting holder with the tilt angle from -30
to 30 degrees.

The images were taken by GATAN

Ultrascan 1000 CCD camera with a 2k × 2k pixel.
In HAADF-STEM mode, a narrow electron beam
converged to 0.5 nm diameter and an annular dark
detector covering over 120 mrad were used.
The ion tracks were clearly observed by TEM andHAADF-STEM for the a-SiN films irradiated with
200 and 415 MeV Au ions while no ion track was

1
2

2+
C+,
60

TRACK RADIUS (nm)After the ion irradiation, TEM and HAADF-STEM

Kyoto University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

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3

Si3N4 60

K = 3.540

K = 2.5

2

K = 1.5

1erping pow
total stopergin pow
ic stopp
electron

20

nuclear stopping power

0

0

1000

2000

3000

ENERGY (keV)

EFFECTIVE STOPPING POWER (keV/nm)ions to fluences ~ 1 × 1011 ions/cm2.

4000

5000

0

Fig. 1 Observed track radius as a function of
C60 ion energy. Electronic and nuclear
stopping powers together with the effective
stopping power are also shown.

4

2

RADIUS (nm)3

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2

1

0

2+, 3+
C+,
60
32+
Au
Kr14+

2+, 3+
C+,
60
32+
Au
Kr14+

0

10

20

0

30

Se: ELECTRONIC STOPPING POWER (keV/nm)

0

20

40

EFFECTIVE STOPPING POWER (keV/nm)

Fig. 3 Observed track radius as a function of
the effective stopping power.

Fig. 2 Observed track radius as a function of
the electronic stopping power.

observed for the irradiation of 200 MeV Kr14+ ions. The diameters of the tracks were derived from theobserved HAADF-STEM images.

Figure 2 shows the observed track radius together with the results of

the C60 ions as a function of the electronic stopping power. The observed track radius does not depend on
the electronic stopping power in a simple manner.

Although the electronic stopping power of the Au ion

are larger than those of C60 ions, the observed track radius is smaller.

Much larger discrepancy is seen for

the result of Kr ions, where no ion track was observed in spite of relatively large stopping power.

Theseresults clearly indicate that the track formation is not governed by the electronic stopping power only.
Instead, the nuclear stopping power plays more important role.

Assuming that the nuclear stopping power

Sn is a factor of K more efficient than the electronic stopping power Se, the effective stopping power Seff for
the track formation can be written by
S eff = S e + K × S n .

(1)

The calculated effective stopping powers for various values of K are compared with the observed track
radius in Fig. 1.

The energy dependence of the calculated effective stopping power with K = 2.5 is very

similar to that of the observed track radius, i.e. both are almost constant in the present energy region.

Thissuggests that the nuclear stopping power is 2.5 times more efficient for track formation compared to the
nuclear stopping power.

The effective stopping powers were also calculated for Kr and Au ions using eq.

(1) with the same K value.

Figure 3 shows the observed track radius as a function of the estimatedeffective stopping power. Differently from Fig. 2, all data points align along the same line irrespective ofion species. This indicates that the concept of the effective stopping power for the track formation can beapplicable over a wide range of energy and ion species.
References[1] K. Nakajima et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B291 (2012) 12-16.
[2] Y. Morita et al., Nucl. Instr. and Methods Phys. Res., B 315 (2013) 142-145.

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7.9 Clustering of exchanged cations in Zeolite using high energy heavy ion irradiation
S. Okayasu 1 and Y. Sasaki2

High energy heavy ion irradiations on zeolite films causes the structural changes. The crystal structure
becomes amorphous along the ion tracks due to high energy transfer from the bombarding ions to thesample. We reported that silver compound clusters are formed 8 - 20 nm in diameter and aligned in theamorphous regions of after the ion bombardments on a zeolite sample including exchanged Ag-cations(Ag-zeolite). Before the ion bombardments, the included cations ( typically Na+) inside zeolite are easily
exchangeable to other cations (such as Ag+, Cs+, Mn2+) in water solution. After the bombardments, however,
the exchanged cations existing in zeolite are clustered along the tracks. The application based on thetechnique is issued as a patent (Patent number 5505609). Figure 1 shows a cross sectional and a plain viewof TEM images for a zeolite sample including exchanged Ag-cations after heavy ion irradiation (200MeV
Au ions, fluence 1×1012 ions/cm2).

Fig.1 Aligned silver clusters formed along 200MeV-Au ion irradiation tracks.
1
2

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Japan Fine Ceramics Center (JFCC)

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Our present interest is to find a way for an actual usage of the patent. For this purpose, we apply theirradiation method to cesium-exchanged zeolite samples. Figure 2 shows temperature dependence ofmagnetic susceptibility for zeolite-X (a kind of fuajasite, including Na+ cations, un-exchanged ) andcesium-exchanged zeolite-X ( Cs-zeolite-X, mostly Na+ cations are exchanged to Cs+ ) measured by acommercial SQUID magnetometer (MPMS-5, Quantum Design Inc.). The applied field is 100Oe. For
zeolite-X, the susceptibility mostly obey the Curie-Weiss law from 2K to 300K. On the other hand, thesusceptibility of the Cs-zeolite-X shows a ferro-magnetic ordering at 30K. Considering that free cations
with magnetic moments in zeolite frameworks show para-magnetic, this magnetic ordering suggests a
strong covalent binding between Cesium cations and oxygen atoms constructing the zeolite cages.

Figure 2 Temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility for zeolite-X and Cs-zeolite-X.

We will confirm the change of the magnetic properties of Cs-zeolite-X after irradiations.

Reference[1] S. Okayasu et al., Solid State Comm., 73 (1990) 593-596.

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7.10

Quantitative hydrogen analysis for hydrogen-implanted sapphireby NRA method
N. Ishikawa1, M. Matsuda1, N. Okubo1, H. Ogawa1 and I. Ioka1

In general, hydrogen can easily penetrate in a solid material and causes degradation of structural materials.
For example, metal hydride is a brittle compound which not only causes hydrogen embrittlement, but also
causes unwanted volume change of the material. Formation of zirconium hydride in cladding materials fornuclear fuels in light water reactor is one of the problems to be solved, because absorption of hydrogen may
cause unfavorable effect on fuel performance. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the mechanism ofhydrogen diffusion and hydride formation by developing nondestructive hydrogen analysis setup.
Nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) is a very useful method to analyze hydrogen contained in a solid materials.
Hydrogen can be detected by using the reaction 15N+1H12C++ which exhibits nuclear resonance at the15

N beam energy of 6.385MeV.

By measuring the -ray from this resonance reaction, concentration ofhydrogen can be measured in a precise way. Major advantages of this technique is the following. Absoluteconcentration of hydrogen atoms can be evaluated. The depth-profile of hydrogen can be measured withhigh spatial depth resolution by varying the ion energy systematically.

Nondestructive analysis ispossible.
Recently NRA setup has been developed recently in the H1 beamline of the tandem accelerator at
JAEA-Tokai, our group has started analyzing hydrogen distribution of various materials raging for example
cladding materials and oxide materials.

In this report, the result of quantitative hydrogen analysis forhydrogen-implanted sapphire by NRA method will be presented.
The specimen for the present hydrogen analysis is prepared by irradiating sapphire (Al2O3 single crystal)with 250 keV H ions up to 1.0x1017 H/cm2 at TIARA facility in JAEA-Takasaki. Depth profile of implantedhydrogen atoms is measured by varying the energy of 15N beam from 9 to 11 MeV which corresponds tothe measurement at the depth from 1.0 to 1.8 m.
corresponds to the depth where the energy of

15

The depth where hydrogen concentration is measured
N reaches the resonance energy (6.385MeV).

Such

calculation of depth is done by using SRIM calculation code[1]. Kapton film is also used as a reference
specimen. Kapton is one of the polyimides, and its chemical formula is (C22H10N2O5)n.

Its density is3assumed to be 1.42 g/cm when its hydrogen concentration is calculated.
Bismuth germanium oxide (BGO) scintillator is used for the -ray detector, and its diameter and length are
3 inches and 3 inches, respectively. The scintillator is placed close behind the specimen holder. The relative
concentration of hydrogen can be measured in the unit of counts/Coulomb by measuring -ray counts
divided by the incident charge of 15N+ ions in the unit of Coulomb. Figure 1 shows the depth profile of1

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
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hydrogen concentration detected by NRA for hydrogen-implanted sapphire.

The figure show thathydrogen atoms are localized around 1.6m depth. The -ray signal averaged over the same volume(1.0m thick layer from 1.0 to 2.0 m depth) is 4.1x107 counts/C.

According to SRIM calculation, theconcentration of hydrogen atoms averaged over the same 1.0m thick layer (from 1.0 to 2.0 m depth) is
9.9x1020 H/cm3.
13

Therefore, the -ray signal of 1 counts/C corresponds to hydrogen concentration of

3

2.4x10 H/cm . The summary of the results are shown in Table 1.
In order to test the accuracy of the above measurement, hydrogen concentration is measured also for
Kapton film which is known to have hydrogen atoms of 2.2x1022 H/cm3 when assuming 1.42 g/cm3. The
-ray signal detected for 7 MeV 15N beam is 1.9x109 counts/C. Therefore, in the case of Kapton film, the-ray signal of 1 counts/C corresponds to hydrogen concentration of 1.3x1013 H/cm3.

Although the ratioof hydrogen concentration to -ray counts for hydrogen-implanted sapphire is nearly twofold of that for
Kapton film, it can be concluded that order estimate of hydrogen concentration is possible by the present
measurement setup.
The next step is to measure spatial distribution of hydrogen absorbed in zircalloy when oxidized in hightemperature water steam. Since formation of hydride may results in hydrogen embrittlement of the fuelIntensity of detected γ−rays (a.u.)

cladding rod, hydrogen analysis of such oxidized cladding is an important task.

2

Fig.1 Depth profile of hydrogenconcentration detected by NRA method
for sapphire which is implanted withhydrogen ions up to 1.0x1017 H/cm2.

1

0
0

1
Depth (  m)

2

Table 1. Detected -ray, calculated hydrogen concentration, and the ratio of the two parameters.
Ratio (b)/(a)Specimens(a) Averaged(b)Averaged H
-ray counts

concentration(counts/C)(H/cm3)

Hydrogen-implanted sapphire

4.1x1079.9x1020

2.4x1013

Kapton film

1.7x1092.2x1022

1.3x1013

References[1] J.F. Ziegler, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 219–220 (2004) 1027.

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CHAPTER 8
Publication in Journal and Proceedings, andContribution to Scientific Meetings

8.1

Accelerator Operation and Development

8.2

Nuclear Structure

8.3

Nuclear Reaction

8.4

Nuclear Chemistry

8.5

Nuclear Theory

8.6

Radiation Effects in Materials

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8.1 Accelerator Operation and Development
Journal/Proceedings
M. Matsuda, A. Osa, S. Abe, N. Ishizaki, H. Tayama, T. Nakanoya, H. Kabumoto, M. Nakamura,
K. Kutsukake, Y. Otokawa and T. Asozu
Present Status of JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator and Booster
Proc. of the 10th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan, Nagoya (Aug. 3-5, 2013)307-309.
M. Matsuda, T. Asozu, M. Sataka and A. Iwase
Development of Dual-Beam system using an electrostatic accelerator for in-situ observation of swift heavy
ion irradiation effects on materials
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B314 (2013) 43-46.
H. Kabumoto, A. Osa, S. Abe, N. Ishizaki, H. Tayama, M. Matsuda, T. Nakanoya, N. Nakamura,
K. Kutsukake, Y. Otokawa, S. Hanashima, Y. Tsukihashi, M. Sataka and T. Ishii
Present Status of JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator facility
Proc. of the 26th Meeting for Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Technologies, Yamagata, Yamagata
univ. (Jul. 5-6, 2013) 54-57.

Meetings
M. Matsuda, A. Osa, S. Abe, N. Ishizaki, H. Tayama, T. Nakanoya, H. Kabumoto, M. Nakamura,
K. Kutsukake, Y. Otokawa and T. Asozu
Present Status of JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator and Booster
Proc. of the 10th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan, Nagoya (Aug. 3-5, 2013) .
H. Kabumoto, A. Osa, S. Abe, N. Ishizaki, H. Tayama, M. Matsuda, T. Nakanoya, N. Nakamura,
K. Kutsukake, Y. Otokawa, S. Hanashima, Y. Tsukihashi, M. Sataka and T. Ishii
Present Status of JAEA-Tokai Tandem Accelerator facility
The 26th Meeting for Tandem Accelerators and their Associated Technologies, Yamagata, Yamagata univ.
(Jul. 5-6, 2013).

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8.2 Nuclear Structure
Journal/Proceedings
C. He, S. Shen, S. Wen, L. Zhu, X. Wu, G. Li, Y. Zhao, Y. Yan, Z. Bai, Y. Wu, Y. Li, G. Li, S. Yan, M.
Oshima, Y. Toh, A. Osa, M. Koizumi, Y. Hatsukawa, M. Matsuda and T. Hayakawa,Signature splitting inversion and backbending in 80Rb,
Phys. Rev. C 87 (2013) 034320 1-10.
G. S. Li, M. L. Liu, X. H. Zhou, Y. H. Zhang, Y. X. Liu, N. T. Zhang, W. Hua, Y. Zheng, Y. D. Fang, S. Guo,
J. G. Wang, Y. H. Qiang, B. Ding, L. Ma, M. Oshima, Y. Toh, M. Koizumi, A. Osa, Y. Hatsukawa and M.
Sugawara
In-beam γ spectroscopy of the even-even nucleus 190Pt
Phys. Rev. C 89 (2014) 054303 1-9.
M. Koizumi, J. Goto, S. Matsuki, and S. Nakamura,
Dynamic nuclear self-polarization for measurements of nuclear magnetic moments
Nuclear Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B317 (2013) 689-692.
H. Hayashi, M. Shibata, M. Asai, A. Osa, T. K. Sato, M. Koizumi, A. Kimura and M. Oshima
Performance of a total absorption clover detector for Q measurements of neutron-rich nuclei far from the-stability line
Nucl. Instrum. Methods in Phys. Res. A, 747 (2014) 41.
M. Miyabe, M. Oba, H. Iimura, K. Akaoka, Y. Maruyama, H. Ohba, M. Tampo and I. Wakaida
Laser ablation absorption spectroscopy for remote analysis of uranium
Hyperfine Interact., 216 (2013) 71-77.
T. Sonoda, M. Wada, H. Tomita, C. Sakamoto, T. Takatsukasa, T. Noto, H. Iimura, Y. Matsuo, T. Kubo, T.
Shinozuka, T. Wakui, H. Mita, S. Naimi, T. Furukawa, Y. Itou, P. Schury, H. Miyatake, S. Jeong, H.
Ishiyama, Y. Watanabe and Y. Hirayama
Development of a gas cell-based laser ion source for RIKEN PALISHyperfine Interact., 216 (2013) 103-107.
H. Tsuchiya, H. Harada, M. Koizumi, F. Kitatani, J. Takamine, M. Kureta and H. Iimura
A Monte Carlo simulation to study a design of a gamma-ray detector for neutron resonance densitometry
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., A729 (2013) 338-345.

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Meetings
M. Asai
Nuclear structure of the heaviest elements revealed in -spectroscopic studies
CHE 8: 8th Workshop on the Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements, Takayama, Japan (Sep. 19-21, 2013).
M. AsaiAlpha-decay spectroscopy of transfermium nuclei at JAEA
16th ASRC International Workshop “Nuclear Fission and Structure of Exotic Nuclei”, Tokai, Japan (Mar.
18-20, 2014).
M. Asai, K. Tsukada, Y. Kasamatsu and Y. Okabe
Assingments of the 1/2+[631] states in N = 151 nuclei through a-decay spectroscopy of 253Fm and 251Cf
69th Annual Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Hiratsuka, Japan (Mar. 27-30, 2014).
H. Iimura
Collinear laser spectroscopy at SLOWRI
7th Nuclear Spectroscopy with Stored or Stopped Radio Isotope Beam, Wako, Japan (Mar. 3-4, 2014).
S. Go, E. Ideguchi, M. Kobayashi, R. Yokoyama, K. Kisamori, S. Michimasa, S. Shimoura, M. Niikura, A.
Yagi, H. Nishibata, I. Matea, D. Suzuki, D. Verney, F. Azaiez, M. Sugawara, M. Koizumi, Y. Toh, T.
Shizuma, A. Kimura, H. Harada, Y. Furutaka, S. Nakamura, F. Kitatani, Y. Hatsukawa and M. Ohshima
Study of high spin states in 35,36S
2nd Workshop on the physics at the Tandem-ALTO facility, Orsay, France (May 14-15, 2013).

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8.3 Nuclear Reaction
Journal/Proceedings
S. Ota, H. Makii, T. Ishii, C. Angell, D. W. Bardayan, S. Chiba, I. Nishinaka, K. Nishio, M. Matos, S. Mitsuoka
and S. Pain
The 6Li(22Ne,26Mg)d -transfer experiment for the study of low-energy resonances in 22Ne()26Mg

EPJ Web of Conferences 66, 07017 (2014).
S. Rothe, A. N. Andreyev, S. Antalic, A. Borschevsky, L. Capponi, T. E. Cocolios, H. De Witte, E. Eliav, D.
V. Fedorov, V. N. Fedosseev, D. A. Fink, S. Fritzsche, L. Ghys, M. Huyse, N. Imai, U. Kaldor, Yuri
Kudryavtsev, U. Köster, J. F. W. Lane, J. Lassen, V. Liberati, K. M. Lynch,B. A. Marsh, K. Nishio, D.
Pauwels,V. Pershina, L. Popescu, T. J. Procter, D. Radulov, S. Raeder, M. M. Rajabali, E. Rapisarda, R. E.
Rossel, K. Sandhu, M. D. Seliverstov, A. M. Sjödin, P. Van den Bergh, P. Van Duppen, M. Venhart, Y.
Wakabayashi and K. D. A. Wendt
Measurement of the first ionization potential of astatine by laser ionization spectroscopy
Nature Communications 4, 1835-1-6 (2013).
A. N. Andreyev, M. Huyse, P. Van Duppen, C. Qi, R. J. Liotta, S. Antalic, D. Ackermann, S. Franchoo, F. P.
Heßberger, S. Hofmann, I. Kojouharov, B. Kindler, P. Kuusiniemi, S. R. Lesher, B. Lommel, R. Mann, K.
Nishio, R. D. Page, B. Streicher, Š. Šáro, B. Sulignano, D. Wiseman and R. A. Wyss
Signatures of the Z = 82 shell closure in α-decay process
Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 242502-1-5 (2013).
A. N. Andreyev, V. Liberati, S. Antalic, D. Ackermann, A. Barzakh, N. Bree, T. E. Cocolios, J. Diriken, J.
Elseviers, D. Fedorov, V. N. Fedosseev, D. Fink, S. Franchoo, S. Heinz, F. P. Heßberger, S. Hofmann, M.
Huyse, O. Ivanov, J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler, U. Köster, J. F. W. Lane, B. Lommel, R. Mann, B. Marsh, P.
Molkanov, K. Nishio, R. D. Page, N. Patronis, D. Pauwels, D. Radulov, Š. Šáro, M. Seliverstov, M. Sjödin,I. Tsekhanovich, P. Van den Bergh, P. Van Duppen, M. Venhart and M. Veselský
α-decay spectroscopy of the chain 179Tlg→175Aug→171Irg→167Rem
Phys. Rev. C 87, 054311-1-8 (2013).
J. Elseviers, A. N. Andreyev, M. Huyse, P. Van Duppen, S. Antalic, A. Barzakh, N. Bree, T. E. Cocolios, V.
F. Comas, J. Diriken, D. Fedorov, V. N. Fedosseev, S. Franchoo, L. Ghys, J. A. Heredia, O. Ivanov, U.
Koster, B. A. Marsh, K. Nishio, R. D. Page, N. Patronis, M. D. Seliverstov, I. Tsekhanovich, P. Van den
Bergh, J. Van De Walle, M. Venhart, S. Vermote, M. Veselsky and C. Wagemans
β-delayed fission of 180Tl
Phys. Rev. C 88, 044321-1-13 (2013).
V. Liverati, A. N. Andreyev, S. Antalic, A. Barzakh, T. E. Cocolios, J. Elseviers, D. Fedorov, V. N.
Fedosseev, M. Huyse, D. T. Joss, Z. Kalaninová, U. Köster, J. F. W. Lane, B. Marsh, D. Mengoni, P.

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Molkanvo, K. Nishio, R. D. Page, N. Patronis, D. Pauwels, D. Radulov, M. Seliverstov, M. Sjödin, I.
Tsekhanovich, P. Van den Bergh, P. Van Duppen, M. Venhart and M. Veselsky
β-delayed fission and α decay of 178Tl
Phys. Rev. C 88, 044322-1-10 (2013).
K. Nishio
In-beam fission study for heavy element synthesis
EPJ Web of Conferences 62, 03001-1-6 (2013).
H. Haba, M. Huang, D. Kaji, J. Kanaya, Y. Kudou, K. Morimoto, K. Morita, M. Murakami, K. Ozeki, R.
Sakai, T. Sumita, Y. Wakabayashi, A. Yoneda, Y. Kasamatsu, Y. Kikutani, Y. Komori, K. Nakamura, A.
Shinohara,. H. Kikunaga, H. Kudo, K. Nishio, A. Toyoshima and K. Tsukada
Production of 262Db in the 248Cm(19F,5n)262Db reaction and decay properties of 262Db and 258Lr
Phys. Rev. C 89, 024618-1-11 (2014).
K. Nishio, H. Ikezoe, S. Hofmann, F.P. Heßberger, D. Ackermann, S. Antalic, Y. Aritomo, V.F. Comas,
Ch.E. Düllman, A. Gorshkov, R. Graeger, S. Heinz, J.A. Heredia, K. Hirose, J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler, I.
Kojouharov, B. Lommel, H. Makii, R. Mann, S. Mitsuoka, Y. Nagame, I. Nishinaka, T. Ohtsuki, A.G.
Popeko, Š. Šáro, M. Schädel, A. Türler, Y. Wakabayashi, Y. Watanabe, A. Yakushev and A.V. Yeremin
Study of heavy-ion induced fission for heavy-element synthesis
EPJ Web of Conferences 66, 03065-1-4 (2014).

Meetings
S. Ota, H. Makii, T. Ishii, C. Angell, D. W. Bardayan, S. Chiba, I. Nishinaka, K. Nishio, M. Matos, S. Mitsuoka
and S. Pain
The 6Li(22Ne,26Mg)d -transfer experiment for the study of low-energy resonances in 22Ne()26Mg

The 24th International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC2013), Florence, Italy (Jun. 2-7, 2013).
K. Nishio
In-beam fission study at JAEA
Heavy Ion Accelerator Symposium on Fundamental and Applied Science (HIAS2013), Canberra, Australia(Apr. 8-12, 2013).
K. Nishio
In-beam fission study for heavy element synthesis
Fifth International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission-Products Spectroscopy (FISSION2013), Caen,
France (May 28-31, 2013).

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K. Nishio
Experimental-study for heavy-ion induced fission
French-Japanese Symposium on Nuclear Structure Problems (LIA2013), Paris, France (Sep. 30-Oct. 3,2013).
K. Nishio
Fission research at JAEA and opportunity with J-PARC for fission and nuclear data
INT Workshop on Experimental Status and Prospects (part of INT Program INT-13-3 Quantum Large
Amplitude Shape and Dynamics), Seattle, USA (Oct. 14-18, 2013).
K. Nishio
Fusion and Fission Study at JAEA
6th International Conference FUSION14, IUAC, New Delhi (Feb. 24-28, 2014).
K. Nishio
Fission study and nuclear data measurement at JAEA
16th ASRC International Workshop “Nuclear Fission and Structure of Exotic Nuclei”, Tokai, Japan (Mar.
18-20, 2014).
K. Nishio
Measurement of neutron-induced fission cross sections for actinice nuclei using the ANNRI
2nd ANNRI Symposium, Tokai, Japan (Aug. 23, 2013).
K. Nishio, K. Hirose, I. Nishinaka, H. Makii, S. Ota, T. Nagayama, S. Chiba, K. Tsukada, M. Asai, T. Ishii,
T. Otsuki, S. Araki and Y. Watanabe
Study of delayed-neutron yields for acculate evaluation of kinetics of high-burnup reactors(2) :Measurement of fission fragnment mass distributions for actinide nuclei by surrogate method
Fall meeting of the Atomic Energy Societry of Japan, Hachinohe-Aomori (AESJ) (Sep.3-5, 2013).
I. Nishinaka, A. Yokoyama, K. Washiyama, R. Amano, E. Maeda, N. Yamada, H. Makii, A. Toyoshima, S.
Watanabe, N. S. Ishioka and K. Hashimoto
Production and separation of radioactive astatine isotopes in the 7Li + natPb reaction
8th International Symposium on Targeted Alpha Therapy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA (Jun. 4-6, 2013).
I. Nishinaka, A. Yokoyama, K. Washiyama, R. Amano, E. Maeda, T. Taniguchi, N. Yamada, H. Makii, A.
Toyoshima, S. Watanabe, N. S. Ishioka and K. Hashimoto
Production and utilization of radioactive astatine isotopes in the 7Li + natPb reaction
5th Asia Pacific Symposium on Radiochemistry 13, Kanazawa, Japan (Sep. 22-27, 2013).

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I. Nishinaka
Production and utilization of -radioactive isotopes astatine at the JAEA-Tokai tandem accelerator
Meeting of Research Center for Electron Photon Science of Tohoku University “RI production andapplication using electron accelerator”, Sendai, Japan (Mar. 25, 2014).
E. Maeda, A.Yokoyama, T. Taniguchi, K. Washiyama and I. Nishinaka
Extraction of astatine isotopes for development of radiopharmaceuticals
5th Asia Pacific Symposium on Radiochemistry 13, Kanazawa, Japan (Sep. 22-27, 2013).

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8.4 Nuclear Chemistry
Journal/Proceedings
N. Sato, T. K. Sato, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima, K. Tsukada, Z. J. Li, K. Nishio, Y. Nagame, M. Schädel, H.
Haba, S. Ichikawa and H. Kikunaga
Production of 256Lr in the 249 ,250 ,251Cf + 11B, 243Am + 18O, and 248Cm + 14N reactions
Radiochim. Acta, 102 (2014) 211-219.
A. Toyoshima, Z. J. Li, M. Asai, N. Sato, T. K. Sato, T. Kikuchi, Y. Kaneya, Y. Kitatsuji, K. Tsukada,Y. Nagame, M. Schädel, K. Ooe, Y. Kasamatsu, A. Shinohara, H. Haba and J. Even
Measurement of the Md3+/Md2+ reduction potential studied with flow electrolytic chromatography

Inorg. Chem. 52, 12311-12313 (2013).

Meetings
Y. Hatsukawa, K. Tsukada, K. Hashimoto, T. Sato, M. Asai, T. Kin, A. Toyoshima and Y. Nagai.
Production of 95mTc, for Compton camera imaging
245th American Chemical Society Meeting, New Orleans, LA USA (Apr. 7-11, 2013).
Y. Hatsukawa, K. Hashimoto, K. Tsukada, T. Sato, M. Asai, A. Toyoshima ,Y. Nagai, T. Tanimori,S. Sonoda, S. Kabuki, H. Saji and H. Kimura
Production of 95mTc for Compton camera imaging
5th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Radiochemistry ‘13(APSORC13) (Sep. 23-27, 2013).
S. Kabuki, S. Sonoda, Y. Hatsukawa, H. Kimura, M. Asai, K. Hashimoto, S. Komura, H. Kubo,
Y. Matsuoka, T. Mizumoto, Y. Nagai, S. Nakamura, T. Sato, T. Sawano, T. Takada, A. Toyoshima,
K. Tsukada, E. Kunieda and T. Tanimori
Imaging Study of An Electron-Tracking Compton Camera for Nuclear Medicine
55th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Chemical Society
Meeting, New Orleans, LA USA (Aug. 4-8, 2013).
A. Toyoshima, S. Miyashita, M. Asai, T. K. Sato, Y. Kaneya, K. Tsukada, Y. Kitatsuji, Y. Nagame,M. Schädel, H. V. Lerum, J. P. Omtvedt, Y. Oshimi, K. Ooe, Y. Kitayama, A. Yokoyama, A. Wada, Y. Oura,
H. Haba, J. Kanaya, M. Huang, Y. Komori, T. Yokokita, Y. Kasamatsu, A. Shinohara, V. Pershina
and J. V. Kratz
Chemical studies of Mo and W in preparation of a seabogrium (Sg) reduction experiment using MDG, FEC,
and SISAK
5th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Radiochemistry (APSORC13), Kanazawa, Japan (Sep. 22-27, 2013).

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T. K. Sato, M. Asai, N. Sato, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, K. Ooe, S. Miyashita, M. Schädel, Y. Kaneya, Y.
Nagame, A. Osa, S. Ichikawa, T. Stora, J. V. Kratz
The first successful ionization of Lr (Z=103) by a surface ionization technique
9th International Conference on the Chemistry and Physics of the Actinide Elements (ACTINIDES2013),
Karlsruhe, Germany (Jul. 21-26, 2013).
T. K. Sato, M. Asai, N. Sato, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, K. Ooe, S. Miyashita, M. Schädel, Y. Kaneya, Y.
Nagame, A. Osa, S. Ichikawa, T. Stora, J. V. Kratz, D. Renisch, Ch. E. Düllmann
The first successful ionization of Lr (Z=103) by surface ionization
8th Workshop on the Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements (CHE8), Takayama, Japan (Sep.19-21, 2013).
T. K. Sato, M. Asai, N. Sato, K. Tsukada, A. Toyoshima, K. Ooe, S. Miyashita, M. Schädel, Y. Kaneya, Y.
Nagame, A. Osa, S. Ichikawa, T. Stora, J. V. Kratz, D. Renisch, Ch. E. Düllmann
The first successful observation of mass-separated lawrencium (Lr, Z=103) with ISOL technique
The 5th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Radiochemistry ’13 (APSORC13).
Y. Hatsukawa, K. Tsukada, K. Hashimoto, T. Sato, M. Asai, T. Kin, A. Toyoshima, Y. Nagai, I. Tanimori, S.
Sonoda, S. Kabuki, H. Saji and H. Kimura
Production of 95mTc for Compton camera
American Chemical Society meeting at New Orleans, LA (Apr. 5, 2013).

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8.5

Nuclear Theory

Journal/Proceedings
H. Koura
Three-dimensional nuclear char – understanding of nuclear physics and nucleosynthesis in stars
Physics Education 48 (2014) 215-220.
P. Schury, M. Wada, Y. Ito, S.Naimi, T. Sonada, H. Mita, A. Takamine, K. Okada, H. Wollnik, S. Chon, H.
Haba, D. Kaji, H. Koura, H. Miyatake, K. Morimoto, K. Morita and A. Ozawa
A multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrograph for short-lived and super-heavy nuclei
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B 317 (2013) 537-543.
D. Steppenbeck, S. Takeuchi, N. Aoi, P. Doornenbal, M. Matsushita, H. Wang, H. Baba, N. Fukuda, S. Go,
M. Honma, J. Lee, K. Matsui, S. Michimasa, T. Motobayashi, D. Nishimura, T. Otsuka, H. Sakurai, Y.
Shiga, P.-A. Soderstrom, T. Sumikama, H. Suzuki, R. Taniuchi, Y. Utsuno, J.J. Valiente-Dobon and K.
YonedaEvidence for a new nuclear 'magic number' from the level structure of 54Ca
Nature, 502 (2013) 207-210.
J. Papuga, M.L. Bissell, K. Kreim, K. Blaum, B.A. Brown, M. De Rydt, R.F. Garcia Ruiz, H. Heylen, M.
Kowalska, R. Neugart, G. Neyens, W. Nortershauser, T. Otsuka, M.M. Rajabali, R. Sanchez, Y. Utsuno and
D.T. Yordanov
Spins and magnetic moments of 49K and 51K: establishing the 1/2+ and 3/2+ level ordering beyond N=28
Phys. Rev. Lett., 110 (2013) 172503-1-5.
F. Flavigny, A. Gillibert, L. Nalpas, A. Obertelli, N. Keeley, C. Barbieri, D. Beaumel, S. Boissinot, G.
Burgunder, A. Cipollone, A. Corsi, J. Gibelin, S. Giron, J. Guillot, F. Hammache, V. Lapoux, A. Matta, E.C.
Pollacco, R. Raabe, M. Rejmund, N. de Sereville, A. Shrivastava, A. Signoracci and Y. Utsuno
Limited asymmetry dependence of correlations from single nucleon transfer
Phys. Rev. Lett., 110 (2013) 122503-1-5.
Y. Utsuno
Towards unified description of shell evolution - Takaharu Otsuka's achievements
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 445 (2013) 012008-1-6.
S. Suchyta, S. N. Liddick, Y. Tsunoda, T. Otsuka, M. B. Bennett, A. Chemey, M. Honma, N. Larson, C. J.
Prokop, S. J. Quinn, N. Shimizu, A. Simon, A. Spyrou, V. Tripathi, Y. Utsuno and J. M. VonMoss
Shape coexistence in 68Ni
Phys. Rev. C, 89 (2014) 021301-1-5.

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Y. Tsunoda, T. Otsuka, N. Shimizu, M. Honma and Y. Utsuno
Novel shape evolution in exotic Ni isotopes and configuration-dependent shell structure
Phys. Rev. C, 89 (2014) 031301-1-5.
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, N. Shimizu, M. Honma, T. Mizusaki, Y. Tsunoda and T. Abe
Recent shell-model results for exotic nuclei
EPJ Web of Conferences, 66 (2014) 02106-1-8.

Meetings
H. Koura
Properties of nuclear masses for heavy and superheavy nuclei
The 6th RIBF discussion meeting, ‘Nuclear mass’, Wako, Japan (May 24, 2013).
H. Koura
Extension of calculation of fission barriers to asymmetric shapes on the spherical-basis method
Fall Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Kochi, Japan (Sep. 20-23, 2013).
H. Koura and S. Chiba
Improvement of strength function of beta decay for delayed neutron probability
Spring Meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan (Mar. 26-28, 2014).
H. Koura and S. Chiba
Comprehensive study of delayed-neutron yields for accurate evaluation of kinetics of high-burn up reactors(4) Theoretical study of delayed neutron and decay heat accompanied with beta-decay from fission
fragments
Fall Meeting of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Hachinohe, Japan (Sep. 3-5, 2013).
H. Koura and S. Chiba
Theoretical study of beta decay for delayed neutron and decay heat2013 Symposium on Nuclear Data, Fukui, Japan (Nov. 14-15, 2013).
H. Koura
Theoretical study of beta decay for delayed neutron
The 4th International Symposium on Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems (INES-4), Ookayama, Tokyo,
Japan (Nov. 6-8, 2013).
Y. Utsuno
Shell-model approach to shape coexistence in light nuclei
IOP Workshop “Shape Coexistence Across the Chart of Nuclides,” York, UK (Apr. 15-16, 2013).

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Y. Utsuno
Basics and current issues of the nuclear shell model
A lecture for graduate students (informal), York, UK (Apr. 17, 2013).
Y. Utsuno
Recent shell-model results for exotic nuclei
25th International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC 2013), Firenze, Italy (Jun. 3-7, 2013).
Y. Utsuno
Tensor-force driven shell evolution studied with large-scale shell-model calculations
RCNP Workshop on the Importance of Tensor Interactions in Nuclei and Hadron Structure (Jul. 11-12,
2013).
Y. Utsuno
Large-scale shell-model calculations for exotic nuclei
The 12th CNS International Summer School (CNSSS13), Wako, Japan (Aug. 28-Sep. 3, 2013).
Y. Utsuno, N. Shimizu, T. Otsuka, T. Yoshida and Y. Tsunoda
Structure of neutron-rich S isotopes
2013 Fall Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Kochi, Japan (Sep. 20-23, 2013).
Y. Utsuno, N. Shimizu, T. Otsuka, S. Ebata and M. Honma
Photonuclear reactions of calcium isotopes calculated with the nuclear shell model
The Fourth International Symposium on Innovative Nuclear Energy Systems (INES-4), Tokyo, Japan (Nov.
6-8, 2013).
Y. Utsuno
Large-scale shell-model calculations and evolution of shell structure in exotic nuclei
The 26th Hokkaido Nuclear-Theory Group Workshop—Understanding of Nuclear Forces including
Three-Body Forces and Its Effect on Nuclear Structure, Sapporo, Japan (Feb. 20-22, 2014).
Y. Utsuno, T. Otsuka, N. Shimizu, M. Honma, T. Mizusaki and T. Togashi
Evolution of the N=32 and 34 magic numbers in proton sd-shell nuclei
69th Annual Meeting of the Physical Society of Japan, Hiratsuka, Japan (Mar. 27-30, 2014).

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8.6

Radiation Effects in Materials

Journal/Proceedings
Y. Sasaki and S. Okayasu
Zeolite and the manufacturing method(patent number 5505609, 2016/03/28).
Y. Sasajima, N. Ajima, T. Osada, N. Ishikawa and A. Iwase
Molecular dynamics simulation of fast particle irradiation on single crystal CeO2
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B314 (2013) 202-207.
T. Kishino, K. Shimizu, Y. Saitoh, N. Ishikawa, F. Hori and A. Iwase
Effects of high-energy heavy ion irradiation on the crystal structure in CeO2 thin films
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B314 (2013) 191-194.
Y. Sasajima, N. Ajima, T. Osada, N. Ishikawa and A. Iwase
Molecular dynamics simulation of fast particle irradiation to the Gd2O3-doped CeO2
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B316 (2013) 176-182.
Y. Sasajima, T. Osada, N. Ishikawa and A. Iwase
Computer simulation of structural modifications induced by highly energetic ions in uranium dioxide
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B314 (2013) 195-201.
N. Matsunami, Y. Sakuma, M. Sataka, S. Okayasu and H. KakiuchidaElectronic sputtering of CuO films by high-energy ions
Nucl. Instrum Methods Phys. Res., B314 (2013) 55.
H. Amekura, N. Okubo, N. Ishikawa, D. Tsuya, K. Mitsuishi, Y. Nakayama, U.B. Singh, S.A. Khan,
S. Mohapatra and D.K. Avasthi
Swift heavy ion irradiation of ZnO nanoparticles embedded in silica: Radiation-induced deoxidation andshape elongation,
Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 (2013) 203106.
K. Yasuda, M. Etoh, K. Sawada, T. Yamamoto, K. Yasunaga, S. Matsumura and N. Ishikawa
Defect formation and accumulation in CeO2 irradiated with swift heavy ions
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B314 (2013) 185.
K. Yasuda, T. Yamamoto, S. Takaki, S. Matsumura and N. Ishikawa
Atomic structure of ion tracks and microstructure evolution in oxides irradiated with swift heavy ions
Proceedings on Eleventh International Topical Meetings on Nuclear Applications of Accelerators(AccApp'13).
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S.Takaki, K. Yasuda, T. Yamamoto, S. Matsumura and N. Ishikawa
Atomic structure of ion tracks in Ceria
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B326 (2014) 140-144.
N. Ishikawa, T. Sonoda, T. Sawabe, H. Sugai, M. Sataka
Electronic stopping power dependence of ion-track size in UO2 irradiated with heavy ions in the energy
range of ~1 MeV/u
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B314 (2013) 180-184.
N. Okubo , N. Ishikawa, M. Sataka and S. Jitsukawa
Surface amorphization in Al2O3 induced by swift heavy ion irradiation
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., B314 (2013) 208-210.
T. Sueyoshi, Y. Furuki, T. Fujiyoshi, F. Mitsugi, T. Ikegami and N. Ishikawa
Influence of anisotropically splayed columnar defects on angular dependence of critical current density in
YBCO thin films
TEION KOGAKU (J. Cryo. Super. Soc. Jpn.) Vol. 49 (2014) 139.
T. Sueyoshi, T. Koutaki, T. Fujiyoshi, F. Mitsugi, T. Ikegami and N. Ishikawa
Angular dependence of critical current density in BaZrO3 / YBa2Cu3Oy quasi-multilayered films withcolumnar defects
Physica C494 (2013) 153-157.
T. Sueyoshi, Y. Furuki, E. Tanaka, T. Fujiyoshi, F. Mitsugi, T. Ikegami and N. Ishikawa
Angular dependence of critical current density in YBCO films with columnar defects crossing at
widespread angles
IEEE. Trans. Appl. Supercond. 23 (2013) 8002404.

Meetings
Y. Sasaki, M. Kobayashi, S. Okayasu and H. Kita
Formation of Ag-clusters in Ag-exchanged zeolites by ion irradiation
Autumn Symposium , The Ceramic Society of Japan, Ehime Univ. (Sep. 16-18, 2009).
Y. Sasaki, M. Kobayashi, H. Kita and S. Okayasu
Formation of metal microstructures induced by heavy ion irradiation in Ag-zeolite
AMTC2 “The 2nd International Symposium on Advanced Microscopy and Theoretical Calculations”.

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T.Kishino, R.Shinoda, K.Shimizu, Y.Saitoh, N.Ishikawa, Y.Okamoto, F.Hori, T.Matsui and A.Iwase
Effect of 10MeV iodine ion irradiation on the magnetic properties and lattice structure of CeO2.
The 2013 JSAP-MRS Joint Symposium, Kyoto (Sep. 16-20, 2013).
A.Iwase, K.Shimizu, T.Kishino, N.Ishikawa, Y.Saitoh and T.Matsui,
Ferromagnetism of CeO2 induced by high energy heavy ion irradiation and its thermal stability
European MRS 2013 Spring Meeting, Strasburgm, France (May 27-31, 2013).

T.Kishino, K.Shimizu, Y.Saitoh, N.Ishikawa, F.Hori, T.Matsui and A.Iwase
Effects of energetic ion irradiation on CeO2 bulk pellets and thin films
International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI2013), Helsinki, Finland (Jun. 30-Jul. 5,2013).
H. Amekura, S. Mohapatra, U.B. Singh, S.A. Khan, D.K. Avasthi, N. Okubo and N. Ishikawa
Elongation of metal nanoparticles by swift heavy ion irradiation: an approximated scaling rule
The 17th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators (REI-2013), Helsinki, Finland (Jun.
30-Jul. 5, 2013).
H. Amekura
Shape elongation of nanoparticles induced by swift heavy ion irradiation
E-MRS 2013 Spring Meeting, Strasbourg (May 27-31, 2013).
H. Amekura, N. Okubo, and N. Ishikawa, S. Mohapatra, U.B. Singh, S.A. Khan, P.K. Kulriya, P. Kluth and
D.K. Avasthi
Electronic stopping power dependence on shape elongation of Zn nanoparticles under swift heavy ion
irradiation
23rd Annual Meeting of MRS-J (2013), Yokohama, Japan (Dec. 9-11, 2013).
H. Amekura, N. Okubo and N. Ishikawa
Elongation of metal nanoparticles in SiO2 induced by swift heavy ion irradiation (II)The 74th Autumn Meeting 2013, Kyoto, Japan (Sep. 16-20, 2013).
K. Yasuda, M. Etoh, K. Yasunaga, T. Yamamoto,S. Matsumura and N. Ishikawa
Synergistic effects of electronic and displacement irradiation in CeO2 induced by with swift heavy ionsJapan Institute of Metals and Materials 2013 Spring Meeting (2013).
S. Takaki, T. Yamamoto, K. Ando, K. Kuwahara, M. Kutsuwada, K. Yasuda, S. Matsumura and N.
Ishikawa
Structure of ion tracks in CeO2 induced by high density electronic excitation
The 69th Annual Meeting of the Japan Society of Microscopy, Suita, Osaka.

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S. Takaki, K. Yasuda, T. Yamamoto, S. Matsumura and N. Ishikawa
Atomic structure of ion tracks in ceria
17th International Conference on Radiation Effects in Insulators, Helsinki, Finland (Jun. 30-Jul, 5, 2013).
K. Yasuda, T. Yamamoto, S. Takaki, S. Matsumura and N. Ishikawa
Atomic structure of ion tracks and microstructure evolution in oxide ceramics irradiated with swift heavy
ions
Eleventh International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Applications of Accelerators (AccApp'13), Bruges,
Belgiuam (Aug. 5-8, 2013).
S. Takaki, T. Yamamoto, M. Kutsuwada, K. Yasuda, S. Matsumura and N. Ishikawa
Atomic-level observation of the structure of ion tracks in CeO2 irradiated with swift heavy ionsJapan Institute of Metals and Materials 2013 Fall Meeting (2013).
H. Kanei, Y. Chiba, Y. Saito, H. Okada and T. Kameda
Mission and technology of University of Tsukuba ITF-1 “YUI” small satellite – World wide opportunity tofeel the space –The Robotics and Mechatronics Conference 2013 (ROBOMEC2013), Tsukuba, Japan (May 22-25, 2013).
T. Sueyoshi, Y. Furuki, T. Kai, T. Fujiyoshi and N. Ishikawa
Flux pinning properties of splayed columnar defects ranging from B |||| c-axis to B |||| ab-plane in GdBCO
coated conductors
26rd International symposium on superconductivity (ISS2013), Tokyo, Japan (Nov. 18-20, 2013).
N. Ishikawa
Defect creation due to high-density electronic energy deposition in ion-irradiated oxides
Materials Research Society of Japan (MRS-J), Yokohama, Japan (Dec.9, 2013).

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CHAPTER 9
Personnel and Committee

9.1

Personnel

9.2

Research Planning and Assessment Committee

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9.1

Personnel
Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator
TakeshiMaruo

Director

TetsuroIshii

Deputy Director

Yoji

Murayama

Deputy Director

YoshiyaTorii

Deputy Director

Noriyuki

ShinodaManager of Administration Section(to Sep. 30)(from Oct. 1)

Department of Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator
Tandem Accelerator Section (*General Manager)
Scientific Staff
AkihikoOsa*

MakotoMatsudaTechnical Staff
Shin-ichi

Abe

Nobuhiro

Ishizaki

Hidekazu

TayamaTakamitsu

Nakanoya

Hiroshi

Kabumoto

Masahiko

Nakamura

Ken-ichiKutsukake

Yoshinori

Otokawa

Takuhiro

Asozu

SusumuHanashima(Temporary Staff)

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JAEA-Review
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JAEA-Review 2016-025

Department of Radiation Protection
Facility Radiation Control Section I
Tsutomu

SekitaTeruhiko

Takahashi

Yumi

Ueno

SusumuKinase

Akira

Iwasa

Advanced Science Research Center
Sadamichi

Maekawa

Director

Yuichiro

NagameDeputy Director

Tomotsugu Sawai

General Manager of Research Coordination
and Promotion Office

HiroshiIkezoe(Temporary Staff)

Advanced Science Research Center
Research Group for Reactions involving Heavy Nuclei ( * Group Leader )AndreiAndreyev*

Katsuhisa

NishioIchiroNishinaka

Hiroyuki

Koura

YutakaUtsunoHiroyuki

Makii

KentaroHiroseRiccardo

Orlandi(from Nov. 1)

RomainLeguillon(Senior Post Doc., from Dec. 1)

RyotaroTatsuzawa(Student)

Eita

Maeda

(Student)

Advanced Science Research Center
Research Group for Superheavy Elements ( * Group Leader )Matthias

Schädel*Kazuaki

TsukadaMasatoAsai

Tetsuya K.

Sato

AtsushiToyoshima

Kazuhiro

Ooe(Post Doc.)

Sunao

Miyashita(Post Doc.)

YusukeKaneya(Student)

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Advanced Science Research Center
Research Group for Mechanical Control of Materials and Spin Systems
SatoruOkayasu(Deputy Group Leader)

Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate
Innovative Nuclear Science Research Group ( * Group Leader )Hideo

Harada*Hideki

IimuraMitsuoKoizumiKazuyoshi Furutaka
FumitoKitatani

Shoji

Nakamura

YosukeToh

Atsushi

Kimura

Kaoru

Hara

(Senior Post Doc.)

Masumi

Oshima(Temporary Staff)

Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate
Research Group for Radiation Materials Engineering
Noito

Ishikawa

NariakiOkubo

Quantum Beam Science Directorate
Neutron Imaging and Activation Analysis Group
Yuichi

Hatsukawa

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JAEA-Review 2016-025

9.2

Research Planning and Assessment Committee

Chairman

Kouichiro

Asahi(Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology)

MemberTadashiKambara(Senior Scientist, RIKEN)

Kenji

Kimura(Professor, Kyoto University)

ShigeoTomita(Associate Professor, University of Tsukuba)

Toshiaki

Kaneko(Professor, Okayama University of Science)

Hisaaki

Kudo(Professor, Niigata University)

Eiji

Ideguchi(Associate Professor, Osaka University)

HitoshiNakada(Professor, Chiba University)

Koichi

Hagino(Associate Professor, Tohoku University)

Tomotsugu Sawai(Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA)

Hideo(Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate,

Harada

JAEA)
Yuichi

Hatsukawa(Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA)

TetsuroIshii(Dep. Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator,
JAEA)

MakotoMatsuda(Dep. Research Reactor and Tandem Accelerator,
JAEA)

Kazumasa

Narumi(Dep. Advanced Radiation Technology, JAEA)

Shin-ichi

Mitsuoka(Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA)

NoritoIshikawa(Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate,

Organizer Secretary

JAEA)
MasatoAsai(Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA)

HiroshiIkezoe(Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA)- 98 - 98 -

JAEA-Review
2016-025
JAEA-Review 2016-025

CHAPTER 10
New Research Programs

10.1 New Research Programs Approved in the FY2013

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10.1

New Research Programs Approved in the FY2013
Title

Spokesperson & Affiliation

1. Shape and property control of nanoparticles by swift heavy ions *Hiroshi Amekura
National Institute for Materials
Science (NIMS)

2. Nanostructure formation induced by swift heavy ion irradiations

Satoru Okayasu
JAEA

3. Direct observation of ion tracks in amorphous thin films using
4.

Kenji Kimura

TEM

Kyoto University

Zero-degree electron spectroscopy with 16 MeV C2+

Shigeo Tomita
University of Tsukuba

5. Nuclear structure studies in the A~100 region using JAEA Recoil

Andrei Andreyev

Mass Separator – Test run for the asymmetric fusion reaction –University of York6. Production of fission isomers by heavy-ion transfer reactions in the
sub-barrier energy region
7. Proton configuration of

Tetsuro Ishii
JAEA

261

Db (2)

Masato Asai
JAEA

8. Development for nano-scale diffusion measurements using Hironobu Ishiyama
radioactive 8Li tracer *High Energy Accelerator
Research Organization (KEK)

9. Atomistic structure of ion tracks in ceramic compounds irradiatedwith swift heavy ions *Kazuhiro Yasuda
Kyushu University

10. Searching the superallowed alpha transition in the A~100 nuclei at
RMS@JAEA – JAEA-RMS commissioning (2) –93

11. Decay data measurements for an LLFP nuclide Zr

Andrei Andreyev
University of York
Masato Asai
JAEA

12. Development of 211Rn/211At generator

Ichiro Nishinaka
JAEA

13. Production of

90

Y and

64,67

Cu by fast neutrons for nuclear

diagnostics

Kazuaki Tsukada
JAEA

14. Study of delayed-neutron yields for accurate evaluation of kinetics
of high-burnup reactors **Katsuhisa Nishio
JAEA* Approved as a Common Use Program of JAEA.
** Approved as a JST Innovative Nuclear Research and Development Program entrusted to JAEA.

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国際単位系（SI）
表１．SI 基本単位
SI 基本単位

基本量

名称
記号
長
さメ ートル m
質
量 キログラム kg
時
間
秒
s
電
流ア ンペア A
熱力学温度 ケ ル ビ ン K
物 質 量モル mol
光度 カ ン デ ラ cd

表２．基本単位を用いて表されるSI組立単位の例
SI 組立単位
組立量
名称
記号
面
積 平方メートルm2
体
積 立方メートルm3
速 さ ， 速 度 メートル毎秒m/s
加速度 メートル毎秒毎秒
m/s2
波
数 毎メートルm-1
密 度 ， 質 量 密 度 キログラム毎立方メートル
kg/m3
面
積
密
度 キログラム毎平方メートル
kg/m2
比
体
積 立方メートル毎キログラム
電流
密
度 アンペア毎平方メートル
磁 界 の 強 さ アンペア毎メートル
量 濃 度 (a) ， 濃 度 モル毎立方メートル
質量
濃度 キログラム毎立方メートル輝
度 カンデラ毎平方メートル屈折率 (b) （数字の） １
比 透 磁 率 (b) （数字の） １

乗数
24

10
1021
1018
1015
1012
109
106
103

3

m /kg
A/m2
A/m
mol/m3
kg/m3
cd/m2
1
1

102
101

ヨ

表５．SI 接頭語
記号
乗数
名称
タ
Ｙ
シ
10-1 デ

ゼ
タ
エ ク サ

Ｚ
Ｅ

10-2

ペ
テ

タ
ラ

Ｐ
Ｔ

ギ
メ

ガ
ガ

Ｇ
Ｍ

マイクロ
ノ
10-9 ナコ
10-12 ピ
10-15 フェムト

キ
ロ
ヘ ク ト
デ
カ

ｋ
ｈ
da

10-3
10-6

記号

セ ン チ
ミ
リ

ト
10-18 ア
10-21 ゼ プ ト
10-24 ヨ ク ト

d

c
m
µ
n
p
f
a
z
y

表６．SIに属さないが、SIと併用される単位
名称
記号
SI 単位による値
分
min 1 min=60 s
時
h 1 h =60 min=3600 s（a）量濃度（amount concentration）は臨床化学の分野では物質濃度（substance concentration）ともよばれる。
（b）これらは無次元量あるいは次元１をもつ量であるが、そのことを表す単位記号である数字の１は通常は表記しない。

d
°
’

日
度
分

表３．固有の名称と記号で表されるSI組立単位
SI 組立単位
組立量
他のSI単位による SI基本単位による
名称
記号
表し方
表し方
（ｂ）
平
面
角 ラジアン(ｂ)
rad
m/m
1
（ｂ）
(ｂ)
(c)
2
2
立
体
角 ステラジアン
sr
1
m /m
周
波
数 ヘルツ（ｄ）
Hz
s-1
力
ニュートン
N
m kg s-2
圧力
応
力 パスカル,Pa
N/m2
m-1 kg s-2
エ ネ ル ギ ー , 仕 事 , 熱 量 ジュールJNm
m2 kg s-2
仕 事 率 ， 工 率 ， 放 射 束 ワット
WJ/s
m2 kg s-3
電
荷
電気量 クーロン,
CsA
電 位 差 （ 電 圧 ） , 起 電 力 ボルト
VW/A
m2 kg s-3 A-1
静電
容量 ファラドF
C/V
m-2 kg-1 s4 A2
電
気
抵
抗 オーム
Ω
V/A
m2 kg s-3 A-2
コ ン ダ ク タ ン ス ジーメンス
S
A/V
m-2 kg-1 s3 A2
磁
束 ウエーバWb
Vs
m2 kg s-2 A-1
磁
束
密
度 テスラ
T
Wb/m2
kg s-2 A-1
イ ン ダ ク タ ン ス ヘンリーH
Wb/A
m2 kg s-2 A-2
セ ル シ ウ ス 温 度 セルシウス度(ｅ)℃K
光
束 ルーメンlm
cd
cd sr(c)照度 ルクスlx
m-2 cdlm/m2
Bqs-1
放 射 性 核 種 の 放 射 能 （ ｆ ） ベクレル（ｄ）
吸収線量, 比エネルギー分与,
グレイ
Gy
J/kg
m2 s-2カーマ
線量当量, 周辺線量当量,Sv
J/kg
m2 s-2シーベルト（ｇ）
方向性線量当量, 個人線量当量酸素
活性 カタールkat
s-1 mol

1 d=24 h=86 400 s
1°=(π/180) rad1’=(1/60)°=(π/10 800) rad”1”=(1/60)’=(π/648 000) radha 1 ha=1 hm 2=104m2
L，l 1 L=1 l=1 dm3=103cm3=10-3m3t
1 t=103 kg

秒
ヘクタール
リットル
トン

表７．SIに属さないが、SIと併用される単位で、SI単位で表される数値が実験的に得られるもの
名称
記号
SI 単位で表される数値
電 子 ボ ル ト
ダ ル ト ン
統一原子質量単位

eV
Da
u

天

ua

文

単

位

1 eV=1.602 176 53(14)×10 -19J

1 Da=1.660 538 86(28)×10-27kg
1 u=1 Da

1 ua=1.495 978 706 91(6)×1011m

表８．SIに属さないが、SIと併用されるその他の単位
名称
記号
SI 単位で表される数値
バー
ル bar １bar=0.1MPa=100 kPa=10 5Pa
水銀柱ミリメートル mmHg １mmHg≈133.322Pa(a)SI接頭語は固有の名称と記号を持つ組立単位と組み合わせても使用できる。しかし接頭語を付した単位はもはや
コヒーレントではない。
(b)ラジアンとステラジアンは数字の１に対する単位の特別な名称で、量についての情報をつたえるために使われる。
実際には、使用する時には記号rad及びsrが用いられるが、習慣として組立単位としての記号である数字の１は明示されない。
(c)測光学ではステラジアンという名称と記号srを単位の表し方の中に、そのまま維持している。
(d)ヘルツは周期現象についてのみ、ベクレルは放射性核種の統計的過程についてのみ使用される。
(e)セルシウス度はケルビンの特別な名称で、セルシウス温度を表すために使用される。セルシウス度とケルビンの単位の大きさは同一である。したがって、温度差や温度間隔を表す数値はどちらの単位で表しても同じである。
(f)放射性核種の放射能（activity referred to a radionuclide）は、しばしば誤った用語で”radioactivity”と記される。
(g)単位シーベルト（PV,2002,70,205）についてはCIPM勧告2（CI-2002）を参照。

表４．単位の中に固有の名称と記号を含むSI組立単位の例
SI 組立単位
組立量
SI 基本単位による
名称
記号
表し方
-1
粘
度 パスカル秒
Pa s
m kg s-1
力 の モ ー メ ン ト ニュートンメートル
Nm
m2 kg s-2
表面
張力 ニュートン毎メートル
N/m
kg s-2角
速度 ラジアン毎秒
rad/s
m m-1 s-1=s-1
角
加速度 ラジアン毎秒毎秒
rad/s2
m m-1 s-2=s-2
熱 流 密 度 , 放 射 照 度 ワット毎平方メートル
W/m2
kg s-3
熱 容 量 , エ ン ト ロ ピ ー ジュール毎ケルビン
J/K
m2 kg s-2 K-1
比 熱 容 量 ， 比 エ ン ト ロ ピ ー ジュール毎キログラム毎ケルビン J/(kg K)
m2 s-2 K-1
比 エ ネ ルギ ー ジュール毎キログラム
J/kg
m2 s-2
熱伝
導率 ワット毎メートル毎ケルビン W/(m K) m kg s-3 K-1
体 積 エ ネ ル ギ ー ジュール毎立方メートル J/m3
m-1 kg s-2
電界の強さ ボルト毎メートル
V/m
m kg s-3 A-1
電荷密
度 クーロン毎立方メートル C/m3
m-3 s A
表面
電
荷 クーロン毎平方メートル C/m2
m-2 s A電 束 密 度 ， 電 気 変 位 クーロン毎平方メートル C/m2
m-2 s A誘
電率 ファラド毎メートル
F/m
m-3 kg-1 s4 A2
透磁率 ヘンリー毎メートル
H/m
m kg s-2 A-2
モ ル エ ネ ル ギ ー ジュール毎モル
J/mol
m2 kg s-2 mol-1
モルエントロピー, モル熱容量 ジュール毎モル毎ケルビン J/(mol K) m2 kg s-2 K-1 mol-1
照 射 線 量 （ Ｘ 線 及 び γ 線 ） クーロン毎キログラム
C/kg
kg-1 s A
吸収線
量率 グレイ毎秒
Gy/s
m2 s-3放射
強度 ワット毎ステラジアン
W/srm4 m-2 kg s-3=m2 kg s-3
放射輝
度 ワット毎平方メートル毎ステラジアン W/(m2 sr) m2 m-2 kg s-3=kg s-3
酵 素 活 性濃 度 カタール毎立方メートル kat/m3
m-3 s-1 mol

名称

オングストローム
海
里
バ
ー
ン

Å
Ｍ

１Å=0.1nm=100pm=10-10m
１M=1852m

b

ノ
ネ
ベ

ト
パ
ル

kn
Np
Ｂ

１b=100fm2=(10-12cm) 2 =10-28m2
１kn=(1852/3600)m/s

ル

dB

ッ
ー

デ

シ

ベ

SI単位との数値的な関係は、対数量の定義に依存。

エ

表９．固有の名称をもつCGS組立単位
名称
記号
SI 単位で表される数値
ル
グ erg 1 erg=10-7 J

ダ
ポ

イ
ア

ス
ス

ト ー ク
チ
ル

フ
ガ

ォ

ン dyn 1 dyn=10-5N
ズ P 1 P=1 dyn s cm-2=0.1Pa s
ス St 1 St =1cm2 s-1=10-4m2 s-1
ブ sb 1 sb =1cd cm-2=104cd m-2
ト ph 1 ph=1cd sr cm-2 =10 4lx
ル Gal 1 Gal =1cm s-2=10-2ms-2

マ ク ス ウ エ ルガ
ウス
エルステッド（ ａ）

Mx
G
Oe

1 Mx = 1G cm2=10-8Wb
1 G =1Mx cm-2 =10-4T
1 Oe (103/4π)A m-1（a）３元系のCGS単位系とSIでは直接比較できないため、等号「は対応関係を示すものである。

キ
レ
ラ

名称
ュ
リ
ン

レ
ガ

ト

表10．SIに属さないその他の単位の例
記号
SI 単位で表される数値
ー Ci 1 Ci=3.7×1010Bq

ゲ

ン

ン R
ド rad
ム rem
マ γ

フ
ェ
ル
ミ
メートル系カラット

1 R = 2.58×10-4C/kg

1 rad=1cGy=10-2Gy
1 rem=1 cSv=10-2Sv
1 γ=1 nT=10-9T
1 フェルミ=1 fm=10-15m

ト
標

準

気

1 メートル系カラット = 0.2 g = 2×10-4kg
ル Torr 1 Torr = (101 325/760) Pa
圧 atm 1 atm = 101 325 Pa

カ

ロ

リ

ー

cal

ミ

ク

ロ

ン

µ

大

」

1 cal=4.1858J（｢15℃｣カロリー），4.1868J（｢IT｣カロリー），4.184J（｢熱化学｣カロリー）

1 µ =1µm=10-6m（第8版，2006年）