Water Testing

Water Safety andQuality Reference Guide

Contents

PART 1 QUALITY INDICATORS

1

Total FloraISO Standard

PART 2 PATHOGEN TESTING

10

Sulfite-Reducing Anaerobes (Clostridium)
1

Escherichia coli

NF Standard and ISO Standards

10

Legionella spp. and Legionella pneumophila

ISO Standard

2

ISO Standard

12

Alternative Method: XplOrer64 System

3

NF Standard

13

Alternative Method: Aquadien DNA Extraction Kit

14

Alternative Method: Real-Time PCR

15

E. coli / Coliforms
NF Standards

4

ISO Standard

5

Alternative Method:
RAPID'E.coli 2 for Water Testing

6

Enterococcus
ISO Standard

7

Alternative Method: XplOrer64 System

8

ISO Standard

9

Alternative Method: RAPID'Enterococcus

9

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
ISO Standard

17

Alternative Method: RAPID'P.aeruginosa

18

Salmonella spp.
ISO Standard

19

Staphylococcus aureus
NF Standard

20

APPENDIX

22

Microorganisms Detected According to
Sample Origin and Method
Validations
Quality and Certification
Documents and Certificates

22This booklet is provided by Bio-Rad for use only with Bio-Rad products. It is not a contractual document.

24
24
25

QUALITY INDICATORS

Total Flora
Bacteria
PCA without
Dextrose

ISO Standard

Ordering Information

ISO 6222:1999
Water quality

Catalog #Enumeration of culturable microorganisms

Plate Count Agar (PCA) without
Dextrose
3554437
200 ml × 6 bottles
3564474
500 g, dehydrated

Colony count by inoculation in a nutrient agar culture medium

Description

Pour Plate Method
Water sample (preparation)

PCA without Dextrose

22 ± 2°C
68 ± 4 hr

Reading/enumeration

36 ± 2°C
44 ± 4 hr

Reading/enumeration

Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide | 1

Escherichia coli

ISO Standard
Ordering Information

ISO 9308-3:1998
Water quality

Catalog #Detection and enumeration of E. coli and coliforms

Special Microplate Diluent (DSM)with Bromophenol Blue3554282
18 ml × 60 tubes

Part 3: Miniaturized method (most probable number [MPN]) for thedetection and enumeration of E. coli in surface and residual water

Water sample(dilutions in DSM or EDS)MUG/EC Microplates

Description

Special Microplate Diluent (DSM)
3553784
100 g, dehydrated
Sterile Distilled Water (EDS)
for Microplates
3554283
18 ml × 60 tubes
Fluoplate 2 Software
3591790 	Data management
software for thestatistical estimation of
MPN and confidence
interval.
	Please contact your local
Bio-Rad representative
for more information.

44 ± 0.5ºC
36–72 hrReading (l = 366 nm — UV light)
UV Lamp

MUG/EC Microplates forE. coli Testing3553785
25 opaque white plateswith sealers
3553782	25 transparent plateswith sealers
UV Lamp1660500	1 compact, portable
lamp (366 nm, requires
4 AA batteries)
Wood Lamp
3550717
1 chamber
3550718
1 UV tube (366 nm)

Calculation and interpretation
Fluoplate 2 Software

Key Benefits
 tatistical control of theS
input values■ Creation of a database easily
exportable into Excel or Access■ Multi-language software andreports: English, French, Spanish,
Italian, and German■ NF EN ISO/IEC 17025 validated■

2 | Water Safety and Quality Reference GuideQUALITY INDICATORS

Alternative Method
Ordering Information

XplOrer64 System
Automated real-time and continuous quantification of E. coli in bathing(coastal sea and inland water), waste, and drinking water
Samples with Low
Suspended Matter(SM) Level
100 ml Protocol
Bathing water(sea, inland)
Treated wastewater
Drinking water

Samples with HighSM Level
10 ml Protocol

Treated or untreatedwastewater

Nonfilterable Water
Samples
1 ml Protocol

Untreated
wastewater

Catalog #Description

XplOrer64 System without PC(220 V)3593451 	XplOrer64 System(220 V) for up to 64
samples, CheckN'Safe
temperature control
cells, cleaning box,
and 4 racks
CheckN'Safe E.coli Kit
3554720
9 ml × 60 tests
CheckN'Safe Screw Caps
3593457	Sterile caps
(1 bag of 30 units)
Please contact your local Bio-Rad
representative for more information.

Water sample filtration

Pipetting of
1 ml of water sample

Key Benefits
Easy-to-use and automatedmethod to quantify E. coli in realtime, without confirmation■ Random access for up to 64
samples analyzed simultaneously■ Fast results:– 2,000 E. coli/100 ml sample 		detected in 4 hr 20 min– 500 E. coli/100 ml sample 		detected within 5 hr
■ Automatic expression of results
according to 76/160/EEC or
2006/7/EC European Directive■ Accurate alternative method
compared to miniaturized
MUG/EC Microplates■

Membrane inserted into
CheckN'Safe E.coli

Direct inoculation
CheckN'Safe E.coli

Automated detection or quantification with XplOrer64 System
Total E. coli analysis cycle:■ Bathing water: 8 hr
■ Wastewater: 12 hr■ Drinking water: 12 hr

Automated real-time results analysis and interpretation with
XplOrer64 Software

Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide | 3

E. coli /Coliforms

NF Standards
Ordering Information
Catalog #Description

Bromocresol Purple (BCP)
Lactose Broth3553414
10 ml × 25 tubes

NF T90-413 (1985)
Water testing
Detection and enumeration of coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms
General method by culture in liquid media (MPN)

Brilliant Green Bile
Lactose Broth (BGBLB)
3578024
10 ml × 25 tubes
Kovacs Reagent (for Indole
Detection)
3555313
15 ml × 2 bottles

Water sample (dilutions)

Tergitol 7 (0.2%) Supplement3562632
50 ml × 1 bottle
TTC (0.05%) Supplement3562652
50 ml × 1 bottle

BCP Lactose Broth or Tryptose Lauryl Sulfate Broth
30 ± 1°C
Reading at
24 and 48 hr

TTC Tergitol 7 Agar, Base Medium
3554687
200 ml × 6 bottles
3564454
500 g, dehydrated
TTC Tergitol 7 Agar,
Complete Medium
3563706
55 mm × 10 dishes
Trypto-Casein-Soy Agar (TSA)
3563884B 90 mm × 20 dishes
3564554
500 g, dehydrated
Tryptophan Broth3554194
3 ml × 25 tubes

Turbidity and gas +BGBLB or Schubert Broth

BGBLB

37 ± 1°C
48 hr

Turbidity and gas +Total coliforms

44 ± 0.5°C
24 or 48 hr
dependingon the broth

Turbidity and gas +Thermotolerant coliforms

Indole test (Kovacs Reagent in Schubert Broth)E. coli

4 | Water Safety and Quality Reference GuideQUALITY INDICATORSISO Standard
ISO 9308-1:2014)

NF EN ISO 9308-1:2000
Water quality

Water quality

Detection and enumeration of E. coli and coliforms

Enumeration of E. coli andcoliforms

Part 1: Membrane filtration method

Part 1: Membrane filtration method
for waters with low bacterial
background flora

Water sample filtration

Water sample filtration

Membrane
MembraneStandard test TTC Tergitol 7

Rapid test TSA

36 ± 2ºC, 21± 3 hr
(up to 44 ± 4 hr
if absence oftypical colonies)

10 yellow colonies withyellow area

36 ± 2ºC
4–5 hrTransfer the membraneon tryptone bile agar
44 ± 0.5°C
19–20 hr

TSA
10 tubes

Tryptophan
Broth
10 tubes
36 ± 2°C
21 ± 2 hr

Oxidase test

Indole test
KovacsReagent

Membrane onindole paper + UV

44 ± 0.5°C
21 ± 3 hr

36 ± 2°C
21–24 hrfor E. coli andcoliforms

Chromogenic Coliform Agar

Enumeration of typicalcolonies■ Pink colonies = coliforms■ Violet colonies = E. coli
■ C onfirmation: minimum
10 colonies, oxidase
test of at least 10 coliform
colonies

10–30
min

Red colonies

Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide | 5

E. coli /Coliforms
E. coli

Other
Coliforms

Total Coliforms

RAPID'E.coli 2

Alternative Method
Ordering Information

RAPID'E.coli 2 for Water Testing

Chromogenic agar medium for the direct detection and enumeration of
E. coli and coliforms by membrane filtration

EPA validation

Water sample filtration

Catalog #Description

RAPID'E.coli 2 Agar Kit for
Water Testing
17005373 	6 bottles of agar and6 vials of supplement
RAPID'E.coli 2 Agarfor Water Testing3563982
55 mm × 20 dishes
Ready to use (to be supplemented)
3555297
200 ml × 6 bottles
3555299
100 ml × 6 bottles
Dehydrated base3564024
500 g
Supplement
12008041
6 vials

Membrane

36°C
for E. coli and coliforms
21 ± 3 hr (NF VALIDATION)
24 ± 2 hr (EPA validation)

RAPID'E.coli 2 Agar for Water Testing

Enumeration of typical colonies■ Green colonies = coliforms■ Gray blue to violet colonies = E. coli

6 | Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide

Key Benefits ertified by NF VALIDATIONC
and U.S. EPA■ A single plate for simultaneous
E. coli and coliform testing withthe same incubation temperature■ S trong colony coloration contrast
for rapid and easy reading■ N o confirmation step required
for rapid results■

QUALITY INDICATORSEnterococcus

ISO Standard
Ordering Information

ISO 7899-1:1988
Water quality

Catalog #Detection and enumeration of intestinal Enterococci in surface
and wastewaterSpecial Microplate Diluent (DSM)with Bromophenol Blue3554282
18 ml × 60 tubes

Miniaturized method (most probable number) by inoculation inliquid medium

Water sample(dilutions in DSM or EDS)

MUD/SF Microplates

Description

Special Microplate Diluent (DSM)
3553784
100 g, dehydrated
Sterile Distilled Water (EDS) for
Microplates
3554283
18 ml × 60 tubes
Fluoplate 2 Software
3591790 	Data management
software for thestatistical estimation of
MPN and its confidence
interval.
	Please contact your local
Bio-Rad representative formore information.

44 ± 0.5°C
36–72 hrReading (l = 366 nm — UV light)
UV Lamp

MUD/SF Microplates forEnterococcus Testing3553786	25 opaque white plateswith sealers
3553783	25 transparent plateswith sealers
UV Lamp1660500	1 compact, portable lamp
(366 nm, requires 4 AA
batteries)
Wood Lamp
3550717
1 chamber
3550718
1 UV tube (366 nm)

Key Benefits
 tatistical control of theS
input values■ Creation of a database easily 		
exportable into Excel or Access■ Multi-language software and 		
reports: English, French, Spanish,
Italian, and German■ NF EN ISO/IEC 17025 validated■

Calculation and interpretation
Fluoplate 2 Software

Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide | 7

Alternative Method
Ordering Information

XplOrer64 System

Catalog #Automated real-time and continuous quantificationof intestinal Enterococci in bathing (coastal sea
and inland water) and wastewater
Samples with Low
SM Level
100 ml Protocol

Samples with HighSM Level
10 ml Protocol

Nonfilterable Water
Samples
1 ml Protocol

Bathing water(sea, inland)
Treated wastewater

Treated or untreatedwastewater

Untreated
wastewater

Water sample filtration

Pipetting of
1 ml of water sample

Description

XplOrer64 System without PC(220 V)3593451 	XplOrer64 System(220 V) for up to
64 samples, CheckN'Safe
temperature control cells,
cleaning box, and 4 racks
Please contact your local Bio-Rad
representative for more information.
CheckN'Safe Enterococci Kit
3554721
9 ml × 60 tests
CheckN'Safe Screw Caps
3593457	Sterile caps
(1 bag of 30 units)

Key Benefits
First alternative method certified
by NF VALIDATION for bathing
and wastewater monitoring■ Easy-to-use and automatedmethod to quantify in real time,
without confirmation■ Random access for up to 64
samples analyzed simultaneously■ Fast results:– 400 Enterococci/100 ml sample
detected in 8 hr 30 min– 250 Enterococci/100 ml sample
detected within 9 hr
■ Automatic expression of results
according to 76/160/EEC or
2006/7/EC European Directive■ Accurate alternative method
compared to miniaturized
MUD/SF Microplates■

Membrane inserted into
CheckN'Safe Enterococci

Direct inoculation
CheckN'Safe
Enterococci

Automated detection or quantification with XplOrer64 System
Total Enterococci
analysis cycle:■ Bathing water: 12.5 hr■ Wastewater: 16 hr

Automated real-time results analysis and interpretation with
XplOrer64 Software

8 | Water Safety and Quality Reference GuideQUALITYQUALITY INDICATORSINDICATORSEnterococcus
Enterococcus
RAPID'Enterococcus

ISO Standard

Alternative Method

ISO 7899-2:2000

RAPID'Enterococcus

Water quality

Chromogenic agar for the direct
detection and enumerationof intestinal Enterococci bymembrane filtration

Detection and enumeration ofintestinal Enterococci

Ordering Information
Description

Bile Esculin Azide (BEA) Agar
3563994
90 mm × 20 dishes
3564184
500 g, dehydrated
TTC (0.2%) Supplement3562665
5 ml × 1 vial

Part 2: Membrane filtration method

Water sample filtration

Catalog #Water sample filtration

Slanetz and Bartley Agar,
Base Medium
3554819
100 ml × 6 bottles
3564934
500 g, dehydrated
Slanetz and Bartley Agar,
Complete Medium
356371655 mm × 10 dishes
356398155 mm × 100 dishes
RAPID'Enterococcus Agar for
Water Testing3554409
100 ml × 6 bottles

Membrane

Membrane

Key Benefits irect identification andDenumeration of Enterococci■ No confirmation step required■ Ready-to-use medium■ Time and material savings■

Slanetz and Bartley

RAPID'Enterococcus
8–10 ml per
55 mm plate

36 ± 2°C
44 ± 4 hr

44 ± 1°C
44 ± 4 hr

Reading
Transfer the membrane on BEA

Enumeration of typical colonies■ Blue colonies = Enterococcus

44 ± 0.5°C
2 hr

Reading/enumeration

Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide | 9

Sulfite-Reducing Anaerobes (Clostridium)

NF Standard

ISO Standards

NF T90-415 (1985)

ISO 6461-1:1986

Water testing

Water quality

Detection and enumeration of spores of sulfitereducing anaerobic bacteria and Clostridium

Detection and enumeration of spores of sulfitereducing anaerobic microorganisms (Clostridia)

General method by incorporation of agar indeep tubes

Part 1: Method by enrichment in a liquid medium

Water sample (preparation)

Water sample (preparation)

80 ± 2°C
10 minMeat-Liver Sulfite Iron

75 ± 5°C
15 minDifferential Reinforced Clostridial Medium (DCRM)
37 ± 1°C
44 ± 4 hr

Interpretation

Anaerobic
conditions

37 ± 1°C
24 hr

TSC without D-Cycloserine

Reading
Anaerobic
conditions

37°C
48 hr

Anaerobic
conditions

44 ± 1°C
21 ± 3 hr

Confirmation
Columbia Agar

Reading/enumeration
Anaerobic
conditions

36 ± 2°C
21 ± 3 hr

Reading/enumeration

10 | Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide

PATHOGEN
PATHOGEN TESTINGTESTING

Ordering Information

ISO 6461-2:1986

ISO 14189:2013

Water quality

Water quality

Detection and enumeration of
the spores of sulfite‑reducing
anaerobes (Clostridia)

Enumeration of Clostridium
perfringens

Catalog #Membrane filtration method

Part 2: Membrane filtration method

Water sample (preparation)

Water sample (preparation)

75 ± 5°C
15 minDescription

Columbia Agar
3564674
500 g, dehydrated
3564678
5 kg, dehydrated
Meat-Liver Sulfite Iron Agar,
Complete Medium
3554777
20 ml × 25 tubes
3569654
500 g, dehydrated
TSC without D-Cycloserine Agar,
Base Medium
3554419
100 ml × 6 bottles
3569644
500 g, dehydrated

60 ± 2°C
15 ± 1 min

Water sample filtration

Water sample filtration

Membrane

Membrane

TSC without D-Cycloserine

TSC with D-Cycloserine
Anaerobic
conditions

44 ± 1°C
21 ± 3 hr

Reading/enumeration
Anaerobic
conditions

37 ± 1°C
20 ± 4 hrand
44 ± 4 hr

Reading/enumeration

Confirmation
Columbia Agar

Acid phosphatase test

Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide | 11

Legionella spp. and Legionella pneumophila
ISO Standard
ISO 11731:2017
Water quality
Enumeration of Legionella

Water samples
Matrix A
High-concentration Legionella
spp. (>10e4 CFU/L) andlow-concentration interfering
microorganisms*

Matrix A
Low-concentration Legionella spp.
and low-concentration interfering
microorganisms*
Membrane
filtration

Direct sample analysis

Acidtreatment

Filtration andwashing procedure

Direct sample
analysis

0.1–0.5 ml

BCYE with
L-Cysteine+ AB

BCYE with
L-Cysteine

0.1–0.5 ml, 1:10

GVPC + BCYE with
L-Cysteine

GVPC

0.1–0.5 ml direct, 1:10, 1:100

GVPC

36 ± 2°C
7–10 days

36 ± 2°C
7–10 days

Concentration by
centrifugation or filtration
Associatedheat and
Direct
Heat
Acid
acid
Innoculation treatment treatment treatments

DirectHeat
Acid
Innoculation treatment treatment

0.1–0.5 ml

BCYE with
L-Cysteine

Matrix B and Matrix C
High- and extremely high–concentrationinterfering microorganisms*

36 ± 2°C
7–10 days

Confirmation of Legionella spp. or
Legionella pneumophila colonies
BCYE Biplate or

BCYE with
L-Cysteine+

BCYE without
L-Cysteine

iQ-Check Legionella
Real-Time PCR Kit

or
36 ± 2ºC
2–5 days* A decision matrix can be found in ISO 11731:2017, Annex J.

12 | Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide

PATHOGEN
PATHOGEN TESTINGTESTING

NF Standard
Ordering Information

NF T90-431 (2017)

Catalog #Water quality
Detection and enumeration of Legionella spp. and L. pneumophila
Method by direct inoculation and, after concentration, by membrane
filtration or centrifugation

Description

BCYE Biplate Agar
3563718
90 mm × 20 dishes
BCYE with L-Cysteine Agar
356372090 mm × 20 dishes
BCYE without L-Cysteine Agar
356372290 mm × 20 dishes

Clean water
Direct sample
analysis

Dirty water

Concentration
by filtration

Direct sample
analysis

Associatedheat and
Direct
Heat
Acid
acid
inoculation inoculation treatment treatments

Add treatment
0.2 ml

GVPC

10 ml

100 mlGVPC

Concentration by centrifugationor filtration

0.2 ml, 1:10

GVPC

GVPC GVPC

0.1 mlGVPC GVPCGVPC Agar
356371790 mm × 20 dishes
356371990 mm × 100 dishes
Legionella pneumophila Latex Kit
3562790
50 tests

0.2 ml or 2 x 0.1 ml

Legionella pneumophila andLegionella Species Latex Kit
3562795
50 tests

GVPC GVPC

MonoFluo Legionella
pneumophila Kit
353251424 tests
UV Lamp1660500	1 compact, portable
lamp (366 nm, requires
4 AA batteries)

36 ± 2°C
8–11 days

Wood Lamp
3550717
1 chamber
3550718
1 UV tube (366 nm)

Confirmation of Legionella spp. or
Legionella pneumophila colonies
BCYE Biplate or

BCYE with
L-Cysteine+

BCYE without
L-Cysteine

iQ-Check Legionella
Real-Time PCR Kit

or
36 ± 2ºC
48 hr

Identification of Legionella pneumophila colonies
iQ-Check Legionella Real-Time PCR or
Legionella pneumophila Latex Kit
or confirmation of Legionella pneumophilawith MonoFluo Kit

Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide | 13

Legionella spp. and Legionella pneumophila
Alternative Method
Aquadien DNA Extraction Kit
NF VALIDATION certified according to NF T90-471 (2015) and ISO/TS 12869:2019
Water quality
Detection and quantification of Legionella spp. and/or
L. pneumophila by concentration and amplification by real-time PCR

Aerosol sample Biofilm sample

Water sample

Standard Protocol

Short Protocol

Water sample filtration

Water sample filtration

Lysis of bacteria using thermal shock
Aquadien Kit

Optional treatment with
iQ-Check Free DNA Removal Solution

95°C
15 minOptional treatment with
Aquadien W2 Wash Solution
for dirty water samples
Purification of DNA using ultrafiltration
10 minLysis of bacteria using thermal shock + centrifugation
Aquadien Kit
95°C
15 minOptional treatment with
Aquadien W2 Wash Solution
for dirty water samples
Purification of DNA using ultrafiltration

10 minElution of DNA for real-time PCR analysis

14 | Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide

10 minElution of DNA for real-time PCR analysis

PATHOGEN
PATHOGEN TESTINGTESTING

Alternative Method: Real-Time PCR
iQ-Check Legionella spp. Real-Time PCR Detection Kit
iQ-Check L. pneumophila Real-Time PCR Detection Kit
NF VALIDATION certified according to NF T90-471 (2015) and ISO/TS 12869:2019
Water quality
Detection and quantification of Legionella spp. and/or
L. pneumophila by concentration and amplification by real-time PCR

DNA extraction
Aquadien Kit

Real-time PCR amplification

Screening
iQ-Check Screen Legionella spp.
iQ-Check Screen L. pneumophila

Quantification
iQ-Check Quanti Legionella spp.
iQ-Check Quanti L. pneumophila

Automatic results analysis and interpretation+–

Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide | 15

Legionella spp. and Legionella pneumophila

Ordering Information
Catalog #Description

Aquadien Bacterial DNA Extraction
and Purification Kit
357812196 tests
Also available:
Protocol for dirty samples
Aquadien W2 Wash Solution
357811948 tests
Aquadien Lysis Solution
3578125	100 ml × 1 bottle,
sufficient for
32 air samples
Real-Time PCR Kits and Reagents
iQ-Check QuantiLegionella spp. Kit
3578102
96 testsiQ-Check QuantiL. pneumophila Kit
3578103
96 testsiQ-Check Screen
Legionella spp. Kit
3578104
96 testsiQ-Check Screen
L. pneumophila Kit
3578105
96 testsiQ-Check Free DNA Removal
Solution
3594970 	1 vial lyophilized iQ-Check
Free DNA Removal
Reagent (to make 10 ml)
and 1 vial iQ-Check 10x
Activation Buffer (9 ml)
Legionella DNA Free Water
12006823
1L

16 | Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide

Catalog #Description

Documentation
Method Validation Guide:
NF T90-471 (2015) andISO/TS 12869:2019
Please contact your local Bio-Rad
representative for more information.

Key Benefits igh extraction yield
HCompatible with all types ofwater (drinking as well as
cooling tower water)■ J ust 4 hours to results
without confirmation■ D etection of Legionella spp. andL. pneumophila in the same assay■ Fully automated results analysis■ Reference material provided■ C onnected to the standard
reference material■ N F VALIDATION certified,including protocol for
management of free DNA
in the sample■■

PATHOGEN
PATHOGEN TESTINGTESTING

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ISO Standard
ISO 16266:2006
Water quality
Detection and enumeration of P. aeruginosa
Membrane filtration method

Water sample filtration

MembraneCN
36 ± 2°C
44 ± 4 hr

Reading/enumeration

Reading (l = 366 nm — UV light)
UV LampNutrient Agar for Water Testing
36 ± 2°C
22 ± 2 hr

Acetamide BrothOxidase test

36 ± 2°C
22 ± 2 hr

Nessler reagent

King B
36 ± 2°C
5 daysReading/enumeration ofammonia-producing colonies

Reading at l = 366 nm
UV Lamp
Enumeration of fluorescent colonies

Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide | 17

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
P. aeruginosa
RAPID'P.aeruginosa

Alternative Method
Ordering Information

RAPID'P.aeruginosa
Chromogenic agar medium for the direct
detection and enumeration of P. aeruginosa by membrane filtration

Catalog #Acetamide Broth3554355
5 ml × 25 tubes
CN Agar356391535560343564899

Water sample filtration

Description

55 mm × 10 dishes
200 ml × 6 bottles
500 g, dehydrated

UV Lamp1660500	1 compact, portable
lamp (366 nm, requires
4 AA batteries)
Wood Lamp
3550717
1 chamber
3550718
1 UV tube (366 nm)
King B Agar
12018502
7 ml × 25 tubes
RAPID'P.aeruginosa Agar for
Water Testing3563984
55 mm × 20 dishes
3564900
500 g, dehydrated

Membrane
36 ± 2°C
22–30 hr

RAPID'P.aeruginosa

Enumeration of typical colonies:
blue to blue-green colonies

18 | Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide

Key Benefits
High specificity for direct 		
enumeration of P. aeruginosa■ Complete results in 22–30 hr■ Strong colony coloration contrast
for rapid and easy reading■ N o confirmation step required for
rapid results■

PATHOGEN
PATHOGEN TESTINGTESTING

Salmonella spp.

ISO Standard
Ordering Information

ISO 19250:2010

Catalog #Water quality

Description

Brilliant Green (Kristensen) Agar
3564464500 g, dehydrated

Detection of Salmonella spp.

Buffered Peptone Water (BPW)BPW Plus
Ready to use
3554179
225 ml x 6 bottles
3555795
3 L x 4 bags
3555790
5 L x 2 bags

Water sample

No filtration (if volume <10 ml)

Filtration (if volume >10 ml)

Dehydrated
3564684500 g3564686
5 kg
BPW Standard
Ready to use
12013260
5 L x 2 bags
Dehydrated
12013259
500 g
12013258
5 kg

Membrane

Buffered Peptone Water Broth3554179
225 ml × 6 bottles
3564684
500 g, dehydrated

Buffered Peptone Water

Kligler-Hajna Agar
3555378 	10 ml × 25
slanted tubes

36 ± 2°C
18 ± 2 hr

RVS or MKTTn

First medium
XLD

41.5 ± 1°C
24 ± 3 hr up to
48 ± 4 hr if necessary

36 ± 2°C
24 ± 3 hr

Second medium
Brilliant Green(Kristensen) Agar

36 ± 2ºC
24 ± 3 hr

36 ± 2ºC
24 ± 3 hr

Nutrient agar (2.1%)
36 ± 2ºC
24 ± 3 hr

LDC-ODC-ADH Broth
12017489
5 ml × 3 bottles
Muller-Kauffmann Tetrathionate
Novobiocin (MKTTn) Broth3556140
10 ml × 50 tubes
3564714500 g, dehydrated
Physiological Sterile Water (0.85%)
3554164
9 ml × 25 tubes
Rappaport Vassiliadis Soya (RVS)
Broth
3555773
10 ml × 25 tubes
3564324500 g, dehydrated
Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate (XLD)
Agar
3541751
90 mm x 20 dishes
3569124500 g, dehydrated

Biochemical (TSI, LCD, Kligler-Hajna, urea agar)
and, if appropriate, serological confirmation and serotyping
Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide | 19

Staphylococcus aureus
S. aureus
S. aureus

NF Standard
NF T90-412 (2016)
Water quality
Enumeration of pathogenic staphylococci
Membrane filtration method

Water sample filtration

MembraneBP + RPF

36 ± 2ºC
First reading: 21 ± 3 hr
If no colonies, continue incubation
Second reading: 44 ± 4 hr

Direct enumeration of black or gray colonies surrounded­­bya whitish opaque halo/gram-positive bacteria
Confirmation by
microscopic observation

For transfer membrane methods

Confirmation
Pastorex Staph Plus

20 | Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide

Coagulation reading
Rabbit Plasma

PATHOGEN
PATHOGEN TESTINGTESTING

Ordering Information
Catalog #Description

Baird-Parker Agar,
Base Medium
3564814500 g, dehydrated
Baird-Parker Agar,
Complete Medium
3563991
90 mm × 20 dishes
Baird-Parker Agar with Rabbit
Plasma Fibrinogen (RPF),
Complete Medium
3563996
90 mm × 20 dishes
3578618	90 ml × 6 bottles and6 vials of supplement
Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Broth3553664
10 ml × 25 tubes
3564014500 g, dehydrated
Egg Yolk with Potassium Tellurite
Supplement3554205
25 ml × 1 bottle
Pastorex Staph Plus Kit
3556353
5 × 50 tests
3556356
50 tests
Rabbit Plasma Kit
3556352
Pack for 20 		
reactions
RPF Supplement
3564618
10 vials
Sulfamethazine Solution (0.2%)
Supplement3562682
2.5 ml × 1 vial

Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide | 21

Microorganisms Detected According to
Sample Origin and Method

Treated Water
Water
Characteristic

Network Tap

Industrial
Process

Artificial Surface

BottledOrigin of water

Drinking water

Treated cooling
towers, process,sanitary water

Spa, hydrotherapy,
swimming pool,
whirlpools

Natural mineral andsource water

Turbidity

+

+

+

+

Microbial load

+

+

+

+

Typical methods

MF (Europe)
P/A (U.S.)
PCR

MF
PCR

MF
PCR

MF

Total flora

Total flora

Total flora

E. coliE. coliE. coli

Coliforms

Coliforms

Coliforms

Enterococcus

Enterococcus

Enterococcus

Legionella

Legionella

P. aeruginosa

P. aeruginosa

Salmonella

Salmonella

SRA

SRA

Typical quality
indicators

Typicalpathogens

Total flora
Coliforms(E. coli)

Legionella
P. aeruginosa
S. aureus

P. aeruginosa

Salmonella
SRA+, low; ++, medium; +++, high; ++++, very high.
MF, membrane filtration; MPN, most probable number; P/A, presence/absence; PCR, polymerase chain reaction;
SRA, sulfite-reducing anaerobes.

Visit bio-rad.com/water for more information.

22 | Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide

PATHOGENAPPENDIXTESTING

Nontreated Water
Surface

Bathing

Waste

Cooling Towers

Aerosols

Lakes, rivers

Coastal sea,
estuarine, inlandwater

Residual raw
waters, sludge,
soil, treatment plant
effluents

Nontreatedcooling towers

Drops fromcooling towers, tap
water

+++

+++

+++

++++

++

++

++

+++

+++

+++

MF/MPNMPN/PCR

Impedance

Impedance

MPN/PCR

PCR

Total flora

Total flora

Total flora

E. coliE. coliE. coli

Coliforms

Coliforms

Coliforms

Total flora

Total floraEnterococcus

Enterococcus

Enterococcus

Legionella

Legionella

MF/MPN

Salmonella
SRA—

Legionella
Salmonella

Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide | 23

Validations

Kit or Agar Method

AFNOR NF VALIDATION*

CheckN'Safe Enterococci Kit

BRD 07/19-11/09

iQ-Check Legionella spp. Real-Time PCR Detection Kit

BRD 07/15-12/07

iQ-Check L. pneumophila Real-Time PCR Detection Kit

BRD 07/16-12/07

RAPID'E.coli 2 Agar Kit for Water Testing

BRD 07/20-03/11

RAPID'P.aeruginosa Agar for Water Testing

BRD 07/21-04/12

EPA**

Approved* Go to nf-validation.afnor.org/en/water-analysis/ for alternative analytical methods for water.
** Method approval certification available at epa.gov.

Quality and Certification
Our quality policy, which is the result of our dedicated efforts
to food and water environmental and surface testing, is basedon a constant commitment to improvement.
Within the scope of the CE labeling process for all of its medical
diagnostic activities, a number of Bio-Rad sites received ISO
13485 certification in 2002. Bio-Rad’s ISO 9001 version 2000
certification is also maintained for all of its activities.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Foodand Drug Administration (FDA) inspections have confirmed
Bio-Rad’s quality systems’ and products’ compliance with
U.S. regulatory standards.

Production
From the delivery of raw materials right up to marketing of thefinished products, Quality Assurance applies to every productmanufactured by Bio-Rad. Each batch of finished products
undergoes strict quality control testing and is marketed only
if it complies with acceptance criteria.
All documentation relating to the production and quality
control of a given batch is archived.

24 | Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide

Distribution
Stock is maintained in a temperature-controlled environment
with barcode readings of code, batch, expiration date,
product status, commercial validity, and country authorization
verified at each step in product storage and distribution.
Normally, products are transported at room temperature.
Bio-Rad takes shipping-related stress conditions into
account when developing reagents. This allows reagentsto be carried via standard shipping services. For thoserare instances when a product’s performance cannot
be guaranteed under these conditions, Bio-Rad offers
specialized methods of transport.

Traceability
All Bio-Rad products can be traced electronically, making
it possible to identify the customer(s) linked with a specificproduct and/or batch or serial number.
As part of the company’s “reagent vigilance,” this traceability
makes it possible to inform clients when there’s a problem
with a particular batch or lot number, to indicate any actions
to be taken based on the results, and, where applicable, torecall a given product.

PATHOGENAPPENDIXTESTING

Documents and CertificatesTechnical Data Sheets

Brochure

For more information about our products, please refer tothe technical data sheets.
Depending on the products, our technical sheets include:
Applications of the productCorresponding standard references■ Product description■ Presentation or type(s) of packaging offered■ Stock status■ Typical formula■ N ecessary product(s) or material(s) that are
not supplied■ Detailed protocols■ Special precautions for use■ Q uality controls indicating test strains andexpected results■■

Legionella Testing Solutions Brochure
Bulletin 16414

FliersAll of our technical data sheets are available on our website.

Quality Control Certificates
These certificates have been established for every productand indicate all the control tests carried out on the finishedproduct, the expected specifications, and the results obtained.
These documents can be consulted online and can be
downloaded in PDF format by using a product code andbatch number.

ISO/IEC 17025 Accreditation
ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation allows solution manufacturers
and user laboratories to demonstrate that they operatecompetently and use reliable and valid products for reliable
and valid results. The Bio-Rad culture media quality
control laboratory in Steenvoorde, France is ISO/IEC 17025
accredited (N° 1-6642 by COFRAC Essais). Scope ofaccreditation is available at cofrac.fr.

Safety Data Sheets
These are established by our Department of Regulatory
Affairs for every product containing hazardous substances
and are recorded in the product reference information.
These safety data sheets are available upon request.

Certificates of Health and Origin
These documents, available during audit, are delivered to us
by our suppliers for peptones of animal origin when they are
elements in the composition of a product.

RAPID'E.coli 2 Agarfor Water Testing Flier
Bulletin 6944

RAPID'P.aeruginosa Agarfor Water Testing Flier
Bulletin 6945

Visit bio-rad.com/water for more information.
VideosVisit the Bio-Rad Food Science video
library, which includes product tutorials,
technical information, and more.

bio-rad.com/FoodScienceVideos
BIO-RAD is a trademark of Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. AQUADIEN,FLUOPLATE, IQ-CHECK, MONOFLUO, and XPLORER64 aretrademarks of Bio-Rad Europe GmbH in certain jurisdictions.
All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owner.
© 2023 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.

Water Safety and Quality Reference Guide | 25

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