Recycling of treated water by Johkasou

Kansai Airports (KAP)
EuropaNorthAmerica

Asia

Operator

Concession period
KIX and ITAMI : 44 years (April 2016 - March 2060)
KOBE: 42 years (April 2018 - March 2060)
Operating right

Owner

Japan

AfricaAustralia

Kyoto

Consideration for operating right- New Kansai International Airport Company (NKIAC)- Kobe city

SouthAmerica

Hyogo

Kansai

Ownership of airport assets such as runways

Nara
Osaka

Wakayama＊KAP shareholders
VINCI Airports
40％

ORIX
40％
Others20％

30
companies

Osaka

Kyoto

Nara1Overview of our airports
Kobe Airport (UKB)
PAX

3.3 million in FY2019

Hours

16 hours (7:00 to 23:00)

Runway2,500 mNotes

Offshore airport(8 km south of Sannomiya)

Osaka International Airport (ITM)

ATM

32,825 times in FY2019

PAX

15.8 million in FY2019

Hours

14 hours (7:00 to 21:00)

Runway3,000 m & 1,828 m

Notes

Urban airport(11 km from central Osaka ina straight-line distance)ATM

137,196 times in FY2019*

Kansai International Airport (KIX)
PAX

28.8 million in FY2019

Hours

24 hours a day

Runway3,500 m & 4,000 m

Notes

Offshore airport (almost no noise issues)ATM

196,022 times in FY2019

Annual ATMs

366,043

Annual PAX

47.8 million＊PAX: Number of passengers＊ATM: Aircraft movements2

We operate Japan’s largest (world’s largest?) Johkasou

Japan’s largestJohkasou?

3

History of Kansai International Airport (KIX)
1960s – 1980s Problems at Itami Airport- Annoying facility (noise pollution)- Deficient capacity due to restricted air traffic●KYOTO

1962 Wiseman Report●KOBE●OSAKA*（Japan-UN joint survey）
A new airport to ease the increasing burden borne by Itami
Airport should be planned in the Hanshin Metropolitan Area.

1969 Itami Airport noise pollution lawsuit
Pollution lawsuit by which neighboring residents called forflight suspension from 9 pm onwards as well as damage
compensation. Settled in 1981.

1982 Condemnation by the US
Continental Airlines could not fly into Itami Airport,
condemning the delayed development of airports in Japan asa non-tariff barrier.

4

History of Kansai International Airport (KIX)
Difficulty in selecting a relocation site
• Annoying facility（opposition by residents against
welcoming an airport）• Concerns over municipalities-borne burden associatedwith infrastructure development●KYOTO

1974 Government selected the best candidate site
1981 Presented airport data for local consent

Wastewater/waste generated in the airport island
should be treated in the airport• Construct and operate a watertreatment units• Construct and operate incinerators…

（Presented Airport Development Plan to locals）●KOBE●OSAKA*- Airport development plan
- Environment impact assessment plan
- Philosophy for local preparation

1982 Local consent obtained
1987 Construction started

1994 Airport opened

Lower the amount of load (T-N, T-P, etc.) caused bythe treated water discharged into Osaka Bay(enclosed water area)- Advanced treatment- Re-use of treated water on the island…
5

KIX Johkasou
KIX Johkasou
Type

Domestic wastewater
treatment unit

MethodRecycled
nitrification/denitrification
process

DesignCapacity

38,500 PE

Inflow

10,050m3/day

KEPCO Power Plant (Power)
Post Office (Postal service)Fire Department (Firefighting)
Police station
Station(Railway)

Gas station

Hospital

Port (Port)
Fuel Farm(for aircrafts)
Incinerator (Refuse)

Road (Road)

Telecommunications

6

KIX Johkasou
Influent water
Item

Influent
water
quality[mg/L]

BOD

210

COD140

SS

150

T-N

70

T-P7.7

Recycled water (into building)

GritchamberFlowregulatingtank

Biological reactor
tank
Sedimentation
tank
Nitrified liquor

Coagulation-sedimentation
tank
Sand
Secondaryfiltration
Sedimentation
tank

Inlet

Item

Water quality
standards

Residualchlorine

More than 0.2%
*At building end

RecycledwatersupplySettled sludge
Effluent

Special wastewater-In-flight meal factory-Animal quarantine-Heat supply plant-In-flight wastewaterSandfiltration

Flow
regulatingtank

Monitoring
Discharged water (into ocean)tankCoagulation-sedimentation
tank*The law restricts the total volume of N and P to be discharged into the ocean
because the discharge destination is the enclosed water area.

Item

Discharged
water quality[mg/L]

Voluntarystandards[mg/L]

BOD

10

4.9

COD

1910

SS

15

3

T-N

15

13.1

T-P

1

0.39
7

KIX Johkasou
Water balance for FY2019 [m /day]3

Evaporation (A/C cooling water),sprinkle water, etc.
1,068

Wastewater
treatment facility

Clean water
2,067

Airport facilities

Wastewater
2,325
Recycled water

Discharge
957
14

Incineration assludge

1,326

Recycling rate
57%
8Use of recycled water
Treatment center

Toilet flush water

Water for construction

Fire hydrant

Plant watering

Water for fire drills
9Pros and cons of using recycled water☞Pros1)Cut on water bill
Clean water

Recycled water

Purchase from themunicipality on theopposite shore

Use treated water(effluent)390 JPY/m3

0 JPY/m3*If recycled water of 1,000m3/day is used,water bill will be cut by 390,000 JPY/day2)Reduced environmental footprints
The total volume of N and P to be discharged into the waters can be reduced by recycling the treated water
rather than discharging it.
*If the recycled water of 1,000m3/day is used, rather than being discharged,(1) T-N：1,000[m3/d]×13.1[mg/l]= 13.1[kg/d]
3(2) T-P：1,000[m /d]×0.39[mg/l]= 0.39[kg/d]
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Pros and cons of using recycled water☞ConsLarge initial investment cost
：Recycled water piping Φ400×Approx. 12km pipe laid (at opening）
 30kW×3 pump units installed (in the treatment center)：Passenger terminal building (PTB) (example)
 Water receiving tank dedicated to recycled water is required Piping to each toilet needs to be installed

Recycled water piping in red box(developed in 1994)：

Approx. 600M JPY

Recycled water piping in PTB(developed in 1994)：
Approx. 500M JPY->Including the piping for other buildings
Approx. 1B JPY (assumed)(Investment at airport opening) Approx. 1.6B JPY☞If recycled water of 1,000m3/day was used toreplace clean water, the payment of the water bill:
390,000 JPY/day would not be required; hence,
the investment could be recovered in approx. 12years.
(In disregard of the maintenance and operation
costs, taxes and public dues, interests, etc.）11

Pros and cons of using recycled water☞Cons
Chromaticity
 Recycled water, affected by humic substances in sewage, somewhat turns yellow. Normal treatment cannot eliminate thesubstances.
☞ Solutions include membrane treatment and ozone treatment which we initially considered implementing. But, we decided
against it due to their high cost.

Before sand filtration

Recycled water

Clean water12

Pros and cons of using recycled water
Clean water
Plant watering, etc.

Treated water

Source: Ministry of Environment’s webpage
regarding water treatment unit

- Tank- Water supply unit
13

Future vision
Buildings

Further increase the rate of recycled water use
Heat supply plant
Evaporation
Cooling tower

Coolingwater

Cold water (6℃)
A/CReturned water (13℃)

Cooling water(Clean water)*Use 150 km3 annuallyChiller

 Use recycled water
as cooling water- Demand fluctuation- Water quality- CostProduce cold water for cooling buildings, and supply/return
the water as an A/C refrigerant to/from buildings

1415©Kansai Airports SORAYAN

http://www.kansai-airports.co.jp/en/efforts/environment/reports/

Thank you for your attention.

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