MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HOUSING
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTDIRECTORATE OF SANITATIONDECENTRALIZEDWASTEWATER SYSTEMAPPROACHES IN INDONESIA
Presented by:
Directorate of Sanitation
Directorate General of Human Settlements
Ministry of Public Works and Housing

November 14, 2023

SANITATION SECTOR IN INDONESIA
Goals, Targets, and Current Condition
CURRENT CONDITIONGOALS AND TARGETS

Mainly served by on-site system

Goal 6.2
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENTGOALS 6
Ensure availability andsustainable managementof water and sanitation
for allNational Medium-TermDevelopment Plan(2020-2024)

Moving from Open Defecation
toward Safely Managed Sanitation

Goal 6.3
Improve water quality by halving
the proportion of untreatedwastewater▪ 90% basic access (including15% safely managed access)▪ 0% open defecation

Growth rate on access sanitation from 2011-2022:±2% per year → mostly from the on-site system &Community Based Sanitation (SANIMAS)
Reduction rate of Open Defecation (OD) 2011-2022:±1,2% per year

DOMESTIC WASTEWATER SECTOR POLICYThe Government has set STRICTEREFFLUENT STANDARD to protect WATERQUALITY

Former:
Minister ofEnvironmental
Regulation No.
5/2014

Updated:
Minister ofEnvironmentaland Forestry
Regulation No.
68/2016

pH6-9

6-9BOD

100 mg/L

30 mg/L

COD

n/a

100 mg/L

TSS

100 mg/L

30 mg/LOil and Grease

10 mg/L

5 mg/LAmmonian/a

10 mg/L

Total Coliform

n/a

3000/100 mL

PARAMETER

Types of Projects/ Activities that
require EIA according to Ministerof Environmental and Forestry
Regulation No. 04/2021

Technical Standard of Domestic
Wastewater Minimum Service according
to Minister of Public Works and Housing
29/PRT/M/2018

Projects/
Activities

Scale of Activity
requiring EIA

Basic Service Quality of Domestic
Wastewater Management including:Construction of
Sludge Treatment
Plant

Capacity > 50 m3/day

Construction ofWastewater
Treatment Plant
including
supporting
facilities

Quantity
Every Household has at least one accessto domestic wastewater treatmenta. Coverage > 50.000
people; orb. Capacity > 5.000
m3/dayConstruction ofSewer Pipea. Coverage area >500 ha:b. Capacity of WWTP
(for domesticwastewater) > 5.000
m3/dayQuantity
Safely Managed Access:All urban area and rural areas with density> 25 persons/ha
Basic access:
Rural areas with density < 25 persons/haCONCEPTWASTEWATERMANAGEMENTIN
INDONESIA
Source: Minister of Public Works and Housing Regulation No. 04 Year 2017

DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER SYSTEM

ON-SITE TREATMENT
IndividualScale

TRANSPORTATIONSEPTAGE TREATMENT PLANT (STP)

Communal Scale

ON-SITESYSTEMINDIVIDUALCOMMUNALSEPTIC TANK
(2-10 HH)

TOILETSERVICES

Desludging andTransportation Vehicle

COLLECTION

Septage Treatment Plant

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT(WWTP)

City-wide Scale WWTP(>20.000 people)

OFF-SITE
SYSTEM

Sludgetreatment
Residential Scale WWTP
(50 – 20.000 people)

Black Water Pipe, Grey Water Pipe, Grease Trap,
Persil Pipe, Service Pipe, Inspection Chamber

Reticulation Pipe, Main Trunk
including manhole, pump station,etc

Specific Scale WWTP
(ex: high-rise buildings)

DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER SYSTEM

ON-SITE SYSTEM
ON-SITE TREATMENT
Conventional
Conventional
septic tankplanning refersto SNI 23982017. The septictank needs to beequipped withadvanced
treatment

Individual Septic Tank

Communal Septic Tank

Infiltration wells
Prefabricated
The prefabricated septictank must hascertification and stillneeds to be equippedwith advanced
treatment

ON-SITE SYSTEMSEPTAGE TREATMENT PLANT

Stabilization Ponds(Anaerobic, Facultative, Maturation)
Sludge Separation Chambers

2015-2022
Units

156 units

OFF-SITE SYSTEMRESIDENTIAL SCALE OF WWTP

Off-site Systems of
An Institution-Based
Domestic Wastewater
System2016-2022
Location

9 locations
Beneficiaries

8.645 households

2018-2022

Off-site Systems ofa Communitybased Domestic
Wastewater System

Location

994 locations
Beneficiaries

64.626 households
Manpower

18.252ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN DECENTRALIZED SYSTEMS IN INDONESIA
OFF-SITE SYSTEMRESIDENTIAL SCALE AND SPECIFIC SCALE OF WWTP

ON-SITE SYSTEM

ON-SITE TREATMENT

TRANSPORTATIONSEPTAGE TREATMENT
PLANT (STP)

1. Many septic tanks do not comply withIndonesian national standards;
2. Mostly no greywater treatment in septic tanks;
3. No effluent standards for septic tanks;
4. The scheme of sanitation service tariff for
desludging is not full cost recovery;
5. Not all regencies/cities have IPLT (only 304 of514 regencies/cities that have IPLT);
6. Most IPLTs have not occupied full capacity;

SERVICESCOLLECTIONWASTEWATER TREATMENT
PLANT (WWTP)

1. Operational challenge to comply with the neweffluent standards;
2. Has no sludge treatment plant, so it needs
regular desludging and transport to STP or
WWTP which has sludge treatment unit;
3. Mostly managed by the community and thetariff is not full cost recovery;

IMPLEMENTATION OF REGULAR DESLUDGING AND MANAGEMENTINFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS)1

The sifting from On Call Basis Desludging toRegular Desludging with benefits:
1. Control the performance of septic tank
2. Minimize the environmental contamination
3. Provide a minimum service
4. Improve the operational of Septage Treatment
Plant
Septic TankControlOn-Call Basis Desludging

RegularDesludging

SludgeTreatment

Regular Desludging

2Utilization Management Information System(MIS) to support Desludging Service. Advantages ofMIS utilization:
1. Track the transportation of sludge
2. Ensure the sludge disposed to a Septage Treatment
Plant
3. Ensure a transparent and accountable management

Application-Based for

QR Code for Customer

desludging service in Gresik

and Desludging Vehicle

MINIMAL ASPECTS FOR IMPLEMENTING REGULAR DESLUDGING

Local Governments must have:▪ an operator;▪ local regulations on domestic
wastewater management andtariff/retribution;▪ infrastructure of Septage
Treatment Plant (STP) as well
as desludging andtransportation;▪ Sufficient operation andmaintenance funds.

WAY FORWARD FOR SAFELY MANAGED AND SUSTAINABLE
SANITATION SERVICES

1

Greywater management to cope with the existing on-site sanitation system through applicationof interceptor in city-scale off-site sanitation system;

the governance of sanitation, such as preparing standards and monitoring
2 Strengtheningservices;3

Developing a suitable approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation especially foron-site sanitation system services, from planning to operational process and potential resource
recovery for treated sludge.

THANK YOUMINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HOUSINGDIRECTORATE GENERAL OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTDIRECTORATE OF SANITATION