Address (no P.O. Box):

3-16-4, Ueno Taito-ku
City: Tokyo
Postal code: 110-0005
Country: Japan
Phone (with country code): +81 3 3839 8471
Fax: +81 3 3839 8472
E-mail: info@ajce.or.jp

Please tick beside the applicable options to confirm that this project is:o Internationally recognised✔
o Demonstrate technical excellence✔
o Demonstrate innovation✔
o Is enduring and sustainable✔
Why do you think this project should receive an award? How does it meet thecriteria of being internationally recognised, demonstrating technical excellence andinnovation and being enduring and sustainable? Please use additional paper sheets ifneeded.

Please refer to the attached sheet for details

FIDIC Centenary Award
Yoyogi National Stadiums

Yoyogi National Stadiums

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FIDIC Centenary Award
Yoyogi National Stadiums
Outline of the Stadiums
The Yoyogi National Stadiums were constructed as the athletic facility for swimming competition(Stadium 1) and basketball competition (Stadium 2) for Tokyo Olympic games in 1964. As the siteof the stadiums is adjacent to forest of Meiji Shrine, it was expected to symbolize spirit of sports,
to lead guests smoothly into the stadium and to fully enjoy games in such a landscape. To achieve
this objective, it was planned, designed and constructed to created functional, organic anddynamic space. This facility was designed by architect Kenzo Tange and Unban Architecture
Design Institute. Dr. Yoshikatu Tsuboi, professor, University of Tokyo and his staffs in theUniversity took charge of structural design. The complex; Stadium 1 (Pictures 1, 3), Stadium 2(Pictures 2, 4) and associated facilities, was the largest in its scale as compared with others at thattime. It should be stressed that structural designers realized such a large-span suspension structure
through technical excellence and innovation. Even now, after 48 years of its completion, thestructural complex has been receiving high reputation from architects and structural designers
both in abroad and Japan as the modern architecture representing Japan because of excellent
quality of design. The complex has been used for many international and domestic athletic,
cultural and social activities.

Picture 1

Stadium 1

Picture 2

Stadium 2

1. World Recognition
With regard to Yoyogi National Stadium, architect (Kenzo Tange and Koji Kamiya), structuraldesigner (Yoshikatu Tsuboi) and mechanical engineer (Uichi Ichikawa) received the following
awards which represent proof of world recognition.
(1) Joint Prize
1) Special Award, Architectural Institute of Japan, 1964
“Planning, Design and Construction Supervision of Olympic Yoyogi Stadium and Komazawa
Park” (Kenzo Tange, Yoshikatu Tsuboi, Uichi Ichikawa, Koji Kamiya, et.al)2) Minister of Education Award, 1964
(Kenzo Tange, Yoshikatu Tsuboi, Uichi Ichikawa, Koji Kamiya)

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FIDIC Centenary AwardYoyogi National Stadiums
3) BCS Award by Japan Federation of Construction Contractors, 1965
(Kenzo Tange, Yoshikatu Tsuboi, Uichi Ichikawa, Koji Kamiya)(2) Kenzo Tange (Architect): Awards related to planning, design and supervision of Yoyogi
Stadium
1) Distinguished Olympic Recognition Award, International Olympic Committee, 1964
2) Gold Medal, the Royal Institute of British Architects, 1965
3) Gold Medal, the American Institute of Architects, 1965
4) Order of Cultural Merit Award, Emperor of Japan, 1980
5) Grand Prize, Architectural Institute of Japan, 1986
“Establishment of modern architecture in Japan and contribution to international development”
6) Pritzker Architecture Prize, 1987
The international prize, which is awarded each year to a living architect for significant
achievement, was established by the Pritzker family of Chicago through their Hyatt Foundationin 1979. This prize is often referred to as “architecture’s Nobel” and “the profession’s highesthonor”.
7) Praemium Imperiale, 1987
World cultural award commemorating His Imperial Highness Takamatsu, Japan
8) Legion d’honneur Decoration , 1996
Most honorable decoration in France.
(3) Yoshikatu Tsuboi(Structural Designer)Awards related to structural design and supervision of Yoyogi Stadium
1) Grand Prize, Architectural Institute of Japan, 1976
2) Eduardo Torroja Medal, International Association of Shell and Spatial Structures, 1976
3) Special Pioneer Prize, 1984, Japan
4) Japan Academy Award, 1989

3FIDIC Centenary AwardYoyogi National Stadiums
2. Technical excellence and Innovation(1) Design Concept
At time of designing Yoyogi Stadium 1, suspension-roof structure was a quite innovative andunexplored structure. Suspension-roof structure can most reasonably and economically bring out
advantageous characteristics of steel. It can provide not only an elegant geometric form but also
expected to reduce cooling load as well as to provide good acoustic characteristics as the spacecreated by this structure is relatively small as compared with others. Unique aspect of this project
was the fact that the design period was extremely short, i.e., only one month due to late site
possession. To overcome this constraint, all the parties involved formed a united team to mosteffectively design the Stadium from the beginning. Communication and discussions were carriedout not by drawings or schematics, but by models and intuition. All the ideas were discussed andreviewed by models and revised models were presented in the next meeting. More than 10 models
were created in the process of discussion. Through this process, design team could reach final
design at an accelerating pace. Design studies started with Stadium 1 as the base. Then, Stadium 2
was designed by following the same concept.

Picture 3

Interior of Stadium 1

Picture 4

Interior of Stadium 2(2) Structural Concept
1) Structure of Stadium 1 (Fig.1)
Structure of the Stadium 1 is composed of the following 3 systems.
a. Hanging roof surface: Created between suspension-roof structure and peripheral reinforced
concrete structure
b. Central structure: Structure is similar to suspension bridge. Load from the roof is supported
by balancing main suspension cables, main columns, steel hanging members, bracing cables,4

FIDIC Centenary Award
Yoyogi National Stadiums
anchorage and underground struts.
Two main cables of 126 m in length are supported by two main columns. Steel hanging
members attached to the main cables by universal joints are placed at the interval of 4.5 m intransverse direction (normal to main cables). Bracing cables thread through steel hanging
members at the interval of 1.5 m - 3.0 m in longitudinal direction. Pre-tension is applied on
entire roof structure.

c. Peripheral reinforced concrete structure: Tension force from the roof and weight ofspectators' stands are balanced by this structure

Fig. 1

Structural System ofStadium 12) Structure of Stadium 2 (Fig.2)
The Stadium 2 has a plan of 65 m in diameter. Main structure is composed of one maincolumn and a main spiral pipe starting from the top of main column to the anchorage. Steelhanging members of truss shape are attached to the main pipe in radius direction. Roof surface
is laid on the steel hanging members. Unlike Stadium 1, there are no wires net on roof.

Fig. 2

Structural System of5Stadium 2

FIDIC Centenary Award
Yoyogi National Stadiums(3) Innovation
1) Structural analysis
A set of governing equations for the analysis of the suspension-roof structure was developed andcalculated. It should be mentioned that calculations were performed by mechanical-type calculator,
so-called “Tiger calculator”, and it took significant amount of computation time.
2) Model testingMore than 10 scale models were created in the course of finalizing the structure to verify validityof structural calculations and to accelerate structural design. Typical models area. 1/30 scale “Wire Rope Model”
Used for testing effect of pressure on the roof surface. It can predict distribution ofdeflection on the roof surface for the various load conditions. This model was used forstudying statical anddynamic behavior of cable network.
A breakthrough idea was drawn from this test and analysis. Instead of using hanging cables
that are reinforced by steel members, steel hanging members were used to attain necessarybending stiffness while keeping design curved shape of roof. It also provided structural
strength against high mode of roof vibration.
b. 1/30 scale “Rigid Hanger Model” (Picture 5)
The Model was used to test rigidity of hanging members.
c. Vibration Test
1/30 and 1/100 (Picture 6) scale models were used for testing dynamic behavior of roofd. Wind Load Test
1/300 scale model was used to determine design wind loads.
e. Test on Dynamic Behavior and Flutter of Roof
Series of model tests were conducted to examine dynamic behavior of the roof due topulsating wind and to see if such states as flutter would create critical condition

Picture 5 1/30 Scale Model Experiment

Picture 6 1/100 Scale Model Experiment6

FIDIC Centenary Award
Yoyogi National Stadiums3) Construction
The following innovations were employed in the construction of Stadium 1.
a. Oil Dampers (Fig. 3)
To control unexpected dynamic vibration of the main cables, 6 oil dampers were installednear the top of each main column.

Fig.3 Main Cables Vibration Control System: Oil Dampers
b. Universal Joint (Fig. 4)
The main cables displace greatly during construction (2 m at the center of cables). This is thesame for the joints connecting the main cables with the steel hanging members that aresubject to complex 3-dimensional displacement during construction. To cope with thisproblem, universal joints were created to allow complex displacement during and after theconstruction.

Fig.4

Universal Joint7

FIDIC Centenary Award
Yoyogi National Stadiumsc)

Conically Revolving Saddle (Picture 7)
The center part of the main cables is widened to 16 m for securing space for natural light andlighting facilities, etc. In the process of widening the main cables, portion of main cables
placed on the saddles near the top of main columns are subject to so-called “crank action”
that may dislocate main wires on the saddles. To prevent main wires from dislocation,“Conically revolving saddles” were introduced to handle crank action.

Picture 7: Conically Revolving Saddle
3. Sustainability and Durability
Since its completion in 1964, Yoyogi Stadiums have been used for various international anddomestic athletic competitions as well as for cultural and social activities. After nearly 50 yearsof completion, the Stadiums are in very good shapes, and are attracting people from the world.
This is due to the deliberate design of the structures for durability as well as to the excellent
maintenance works of the facilities that have been continuously made by the owner of thebuildings. To illustrate this fact, some of the major and recent athletic activities are introduced inTable 1. In August and September 2012, 35 and 33 events are planned in the two Stadiums,respectively.
Based on the above facts and achievements, we recommend Yoyogi Stadiums for FIDIC
Centenary Award.

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FIDIC Centenary Award
Yoyogi National Stadiums

Table 1.
Type of Sports
BasketballSwimming
JudoVolleyballTennisFigure Skating

Pro Boxing

Pro Wrestling
Rhythmic
Gymnastics
Gymnastics
KarateWrestling
Badminton

Major and Recent Athletic Activities in Yoyogi Stadiums

Year
1964
Every year
Every year

Description
Tokyo Olympic games
Nationwide Emperor/ Empress Cup
Japan Pro-Basketball League (men, women)

Remarks
International
JapanJapan2012

The 88th Kanto College Basketball tournamentJapan1964
1979
2010

Tokyo Olympic games
FINA world cup swimming competition
International Judo tournamentInternationalInternational
International

2012

Grand slam Tokyo 2012

Japan1977
1998, 20062010

Second World Cup volleyball
Men’s World Volleyball competition (final)
Women’s World Volleyball competition (final)International

2012

42nd all Japan junior-high school volleyballtournament
Toray Pan-pacific Tennis tournament (final)

Japan

International

1986, 1987,
1990
1995,
2001

World Pro-figure skating championshipGrand prix final world figure championship2009, 2012
1994
2008
2008

World figure skating - nation tournament
WBA super-fly weight championshipWBA flyweight championshipWBA feather and bantam weight championship2009

WBA world super-feather weight championship1990s2012

All Japan/ New Japan pro-wrestling tournament
Aeon-Cup world rhythmic gymnastics clubtournamentJapanInternational2012

The 66th all Japan gymnastic competition

Japan2012
2012
2012

thThe 44 all Japan Karate tournament“Emperor Cup” all Japan wrestling tournament
Yonnex open Japan 2012

InternationalInternational

International

Japan
Japan
Japan

The 23rd All Japan badminton tournament

Fencing
Cheerleading

2012
2012

The 65th all Japan fencing tournamentJapan Cup 2012

Japan
Japan

Cheerleading Japan competition
ICU Asian open cheerleading competition

Table Tennis

2012

Emperor/Empress cup tournament
Junior all Japan tournament

9InternationalJapan