ISO FORM 4

NEW WORK ITEM PROPOSAL (NP)DATE OF CIRCULATION:
2022-11-19
PROPOSER:☒ ISO member body:
ANSI / ASN☐ Committee, liaison or other:

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CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2023-02-11
REFERENCE NUMBER:

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☐ WITHIN EXISTING COMMITTEE
Document Number: Click or tap here to enter text.
Committee Secretariat: Click or tap here to enter text.
☒ PROPOSAL FOR A NEW PC*(*Request to reconstitute PC 305)

A proposal for a new work item within the scope of an existing committee shall be submitted to thesecretariat of that committee.
A proposal for a new project committee shall be submitted to the Central Secretariat, which willprocess the proposal in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1,Clause 2.3.
Guidelines for proposing and justifying new work items or new fields of technical activity (Project
Committee) are given in ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, Annex C.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Proposals without adequate justification and supporting information risk
rejection or referral to the originator.

PROPOSAL(to be completed by the proposer, following discussion with committee leadership if appropriate)
English title
Non-sewered sanitation systems — Prefabricated integrated treatment units — General safety andperformance requirements for design and testing
French title
Systèmes d'assainissement autonomes — Unités de traitement intégrées préfabriquées —Exigences générales de performance et de sécurité pour la conception et les essais(Please see ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, Annex C, Clause C.4.2).
In case of amendment, revision or a new part of an existing document, please include the reference
number and current title
SCOPE(Please see ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, Annex C, Clause C.4.3)
This document specifies general safety and performance requirements for design and testing as wellas sustainability considerations for non-sewered sanitation systems (NSSS). A NSSS, for thepurposes of this document, is a prefabricated integrated treatment unit, comprising frontend (toilet
facility) and backend (treatment facility) components thata) collects, conveys, and fully treats the specific input within the system, to allow for safe reuse ordisposal of the generated solid, liquid, and gaseous output, andb) is not connected to a networked sewer or networked drainage systems.
This document is applicable to sanitation systems that are either manufactured as one package, ormanufactured as a set of prefabricated elements designed to be assembled in one location without
further fabrication or modification that influences the system function. The plane or surface (e.g.
flooring, concrete pad) upon which a fully assembled NSSS is situated is beyond the scope of thisdocument. This document is not applicable to sanitation systems constructed in situ.
This document also covers NSSS backend components that are designed to be integrated with one
or more specified frontends.
Although this document is primarily applicable to the development of sanitation systems that are notconnected to water and electricity networks, it can also be applied to systems that can utilize water
mains and/or electricity.
This document defines the basic treatable input as primarily human excreta and gives options forextending the range of input substances. Requirements for the quality of the outputs from thesanitation system are given for solid and liquid discharges as well as odour, air, and noise
emissions.
It contains criteria for the safety, functionality, usability, reliability, and maintainability of the system,
as well as its compatibility with environmental protection goals.
This document does not encompass the following aspects:— guidelines for selection, installation, operation and maintenance, and management of sanitation
systems;— transportation of treated output outside of the sanitation system (e.g. manual transport,
transportation by truck or trunk pipes) for further processing, reuse, or disposal;— treatment processes taking place at another location separate from that of the frontend andbackend components;— reuse and disposal of sanitation system output.

PURPOSE AND JUSTIFICATION(Please see ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, Annex C and additional guidance on justification statementsin the brochure Guidance on New Work)
Revision is needed to ISO 30500:2018, which was developed by the now disbanded ISO/PC 305
Non-sewered sanitation systems. The former leadership to ISO/PC 305 is proposing that the PC bereinstated to undertake the revision. The revision is proposed based on areas identified during
testing of systems following publication. An initial list of areas identified for consideration include:
definitions needed to determine usage solid and liquid microbial testing methods, discussion on thepossibility of alternatives to raw faeces and urine as input material, difficulties faced and updates totesting requirements based on experience from executing the standard and modification to theemissions thresholds. Please see Annex A for more specific details.
PROPOSED PROJECT LEADER (name and email address)
Chris Chan Xianyuan, Chris.CHAN@tuvsud.com

PROPOSER (including contact information of the proposer’s representative)
ANSI Sara Desautels (sdesautels@ansi.org) / ASN El Hadji Abdourahmane Ndione(abdourahmanendione@hotmail.com).
☒

The proposer confirms that this proposal has been drafted in compliance with ISO/IEC
Directives, Part 1, Annex C

PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Preferred document☒ International Standard☐ Technical Specification☐ Publicly Available Specification** While a formal NP ballot is not required (no eForm04), the NP form may provide useful information
for the committee P-members to consider when deciding to initiate a Publicly Available
Specification.
Proposed Standard Development Track (SDT – to be discussed by the proposer with the committee
manager or ISO/CS)☐ 18 months☒

24 months☐ 36 months

Proposed date for first meeting: 2023-06-19
Proposed TARGET dates for key milestones••••

Circulation of 1 st Working Draft (if any) to experts: 2023-09
Committee Draft consultation (if any): 2024-01
DIS submission*: 2024-06
Publication*: 2025-06* Target Dates for DIS submission and Publication should be set a few weeks ahead of the limit
dates automatically determined when selecting the SDT.
It is proposed that this DOCUMENT will be developed by:
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
☐
☒

An existing Working Group, add title Click or tap here to enter text.
A new Working Group Click or tap here to enter text.
(Note that the establishment of a new Working Group requires approval by the parent committee by aresolution)
The TC/SC directly
To be determined
This proposal relates to a new ISO document
This proposal relates to the adoption, as an active project, of an item currently registered as aPreliminary Work Item
This proposal relates to the re-establishment of a cancelled project as an active project
Other: Reconstitution of ISO/PC 305 Non-sewered sanitation systems

Additional guidance on project management is available here.

PREPARATORY WORK☐

A draft is attached☒☐An existing document serving as the initial basis is attachedAn outline is attached
Note: at minimum an outline of the proposed document is required

The proposer is prepared to undertake the preparatory work required:☒

Yes ☐ NoIf a draft is attached to this proposal:
Please select from one of the following options:☒☐☐

The draft document can be registered at Preparatory stage (WD – stage 20.00)
The draft document can be registered at Committee stage (CD – stage 30.00)
The draft document can be registered at enquiry stage (DIS – stage 40.00)☐

If the attached document is copyrighted or includes copyrighted content, the proposer confirmsthat copyright permission has been granted for ISO to use this content in compliance withclause 2.13 of ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 (see also the Declaration on copyright).

RELATION OF THE PROPOSAL TO EXISTING INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND ON-GOING
STANDARDIZATION WORKTo the best of your knowledge, has this or a similar proposal been submitted to another standards
development organization or to another ISO committee?
☐ Yes

☒

No

If Yes, please specify which one(s) Click or tap here to enter text.
☐

The proposer has checked whether the proposed scope of this new project overlaps with the scope ofany existing ISO project☐

If an overlap or the potential for overlap is identified, the proposer and the leaders of the existing project
have discussed on:i. modification/restriction of the scope of the proposal to avoid overlapping,ii. potential modification/restriction of the scope of the existing project to avoid overlapping.

☐If agreement with parties responsible for existing project(s) has not been reached, please explain why
the proposal should be approved

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☐

Has a proposal on this subject already been submitted within an existing committee and rejected? If so,
what were the reasons for rejection?

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This project may require possible joint/parallel work with
☐ IEC (please specify the committee) Click or tap here to enter text.
☐ CEN (please specify the committee) Click or tap here to enter text.
☐ Other (please specify) Click or tap here to enter text.
Please select any UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that this proposed project
would support (information about SDGs, is available at www.iso.org/SDGs)☒

GOAL 1: No Poverty☐ GOAL 2: Zero Hunger☒ GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being☐ GOAL 4: Quality Education☒ GOAL 5: Gender Equality☒ GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation☐ GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy☐ GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth☒ GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure☒ GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality☒ GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities☐ GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production☒ GOAL 13: Climate Action☒ GOAL 14: Life Below Water☒ GOAL 15: Life on Land
☐ GOAL 16: Peace, Justice and strong institutions
N/A
GOAL 17: Partnerships for the goals
Identification and description of relevant affected stakeholder categories(Please see ISO CONNECT)
Benefits/Impacts/Examples
Industry and commerce – large industry

Clear set of internationally recognized performanceand safety requirements for integrated non-sewered
sanitation toilet and treatment systems for productdevelopment, sales, and servicing. The impact isworldwide for developed and especially developing
countries where the majority of the population does
not have access to safely managed sanitation.
Samsung, Kohler, Lixil, Huatie,

Industry and commerce – SMEs

Similar to above. Examples include Envirosan, ….
The update will make it more achievable for
manufacturers to conduct internal testing before
entering the market.

Government

There are a number of governments working on
solutions that will make available affordable safe
sanitation systems for their citizens. Senegal, South
Africa, India, China, Nepal, etc….

Consumers

Having an internationally recognized standard that
products comply to will give confidence to theconsumer for aspects that the average person can
not readily measure, such as that the product kills
human enteric pathogens, is safe to use, andprotects the environment.

LabourClick or tap here to enter text.

Academic and research bodies

Clear set of internationally recognized requirements
is needed in research and development oftechnologies. Caltech, Georgia Tech, Cranfield
University, etc….

Standards application businesses

As the non-sewered sanitation industry develops
and matures, there will be a business for testing,inspection and certification. Enable a clearer andmore achievable test methods, allowing certification
to be more attainable.

Non-governmental organizations

There are many NGOs working to address the lackof safely managed sanitation identified in the UN
SDG 6.2. WHO, BMGF, UN, etc….

Other (please specify)

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Listing of countries where the subject of the proposal is important for their nationalcommercial interests (Please see ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, Annex C, Clause C.4.8)
Senegal, South Africa, India, China, and Nepal have active projects implementing the technology
and pilot projects. ISO 30500 has been nationally adopted in at least 27 countries including: USA,
Canada, France, United Kingdom, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Niger, Senegal, Nigeria, Benin, Togo,
Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Rwanda,
Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Namibia, Madagascar, Bangladesh.
Listing of external international organizations or internal parties (other ISO and/or IEC
committees) to be engaged in this work (Please see ISO/IEC Directives, part 1, Annex C, Clause
C.4.9)
Toilet Board Coalition, AfWA
ISO/TC 224, TC 275, TC 282
Listing of relevant documents (such as standards and regulations) at international, regionaland national level (Please see ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, Annex C, Clause C.4.6)
ISO 24521:2016 Activities relating to drinking water and wastewater services — Guidelines for the
management of basic on-site domestic wastewater services
ISO 20816-1, Mechanical vibration — Measurement and evaluation of machine vibration — Part 1:
General guidelines
ISO/IEC 17065:2012, Conformity assessment — Requirements for bodies certifying products,
processes and services
IEC 60942:2017, Electroacoustics — Sound calibrators
IEC 61260-1:2014, Electroacoustics — Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters — Part 1:
Specifications
IEC 61672-1:2013, Electroacoustics — Sound level meters — Part 1: Specifications
EN 997:2012, WC pans and WC suites with integral trap
EN 13725:2003, Air quality — Determination of odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry
EPA Method 1A, Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources with Small Stacks or Ducts
NSF/ANSI 41:2011, Non-liquid saturated treatment systems
WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 4th edition
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Maintenance Agencies (MAs) and Registration Authorities (RAs)☐This proposal requires the designation of a maintenance agency.
If so, please identify the potential candidate:
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☐

This proposal requires the designation of a registration authority.
If so, please identify the potential candidate
Click or tap here to enter text.

NOTE: Selection and appointment of the MA or RA are subject to the procedure outlined in ISO/IEC
Directives, Part 1, Annex G and Annex H.
Known patented Items (Please see ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, Clause 2.14)
☒

Yes

☐ No

If Yes, provide full information as an annex – See attached Annex B
Is this proposal for an ISO management System Standard (MSS)?
☐ Yes

☒ No

Note: If yes, this proposal must have an accompanying justification study. Please see theConsolidated Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, Annex SL or Annex JG

ANNEX A

Template for comments and secretariat observations
MB/
NC 1

Line
numberClause/Subclause

3.1.2.7
4.3Type ofcomment 2

Comments

teWhat % of liquid defines effluent and solid?

Add definition for effluent and solid.

geCapacity has more reference to the numberof users and volume of input. These
subclauses include information on
operability.

Change the title to "Design capacity andoperability" or "Design for operability"

Proposed change

4.9.4

ge

Provide other unit of measurements for gritfinish requirements

Overall cleanability should have a minimum
value equivalent to that of a No. 3 100 to
120 grit finish on stainless steel, equivalent
to Ra 40 µin or less

4.11

ge

"State-of the-art" is too high a standard andnot realistic .

Change to "to proven engineering state-ofthe-art approaches"

ge

There are many other simpler methods forbackflow prevention, such as installation of
non-return valves. The ASME A112.1.2 isbackflow prevention using air gaps. It is not
ideal to define usage on a specific backflow
prevention method.

Delete “The test method should be inaccordance with ASME A112.1.2 or anequivalent national or international
standard.”ge

To ensure fire safety in all electricalcomponents

Add a 4th requirement: "d) adequate
insulation and protection against fire andheat."

te

It is difficult to collect separate Urine andFaeces, especially for large systems,
although it is possible and not ashowstopper. Alternatives could be
explored to reduce the complexity and cost.

Explore the possibility of using faecal sludge
from wastewater plants.

5.4.4

5.6.1

7.2.3

1
2

Paragraph/
Figure/Table

Date:2022-11-11

Document: Annex Initial list of
proposed changes needed to ISO Project:30500:2018

MB = Member body / NC = National Committee (enter the ISO 3166 two-letter country code, e.g. CN for China; comments from the ISO/CS editing unit are identified by **)Type of comment:ge = general te = technical ed = editorial

Observations of thesecretariat

Page 9 of 14

7.2.9.3

7.2.9.3

7.2.9.4

Table 4

Table 4

Table 6

7.2.9.7

7.2.9.7

Table 127.2.9.7

te

CFU and MPN are not equivalent andcannot be converted to one another. Either
one should be deleted or two thresholdvalues should be provided

Recommend using CFU for liquid and MPN
for solid threshold for enteric bacterial.
Need to add bacteria threshold value for
MPN.

te

During the validation testing, it is brought toour notice that the limit of detection (LOD)
Change the threshold for protozoa tofor Clostridium perfringens in sold samples<10cfu/g
by testing laboratories and recommended
method in ISO30500 is <10cfu/g.

teEffluent categories (Category A andCategory B) should be streamlined. It's too
difficult for manufacturer to makedetermination where the technology will be
installed.

To streamline to the stricter set ofthresholds.

geChange the units of the air emissions
thresholds for easier comparison andconsistency.

Change to use the units of mg/m3 or µg/m3(weight / total volume)teQuality of vent, propose adjustments bemade to maximum vent
operations/thresholds with different
durations across the day.

Example, to make distinction between
continuous 24hrs operations (1hr average)
and intermittent <1hr operations (e.g. 10minaverage).

ge

Align the exhaust, vent, stack emission
terms in the standard.

Change all "exhaust", "vent" to "stack"emission.

A.2.2

Table A.1

ge

There shouldn't be any testing for theclause on 6.2.1 General Usability
Requirements

Delete "functional testing according to 7.2"
for 6.2.1

A.2.2

Table A.1

ed

Typographical error

4.3.7 Operability following long-term shut
down

A.2.2

Table A.1

ge

There shouldn't be testing for 5.7 Reliabilityof conveyance devices. How should this beinspected?

Testing throughout the test sequence (Table
3)

ANNEX A

Template for comments and secretariat observations
MB/
NC 1

Line
numberClause/Subclause

Paragraph/
Figure/Table

Type ofcomment 2

A.3.4.3

Table A.3

te

For Somatic coliphage, the test methodshould be ISO 10705-2.

ISO 10705-12

te

The recommended Helminth test method is
not as detailed as it could be. It is not acommonly used standard so if the goal is foraccredited labs to conduct Helminth testingfor certification, then it should be changed.

Change the SOP Helminth Test to arecognized test method.

te

It is difficult for laboratories to prepare
large volumes of spike material for large
community scale RTs.

Make it a requirement for manufacturers toprovide a scaled down disinfection system
for testing. To be discussed further on otherpossibilities.

A.3.4.4

teThere is great difficulty in sourcing ofAscaris sum viable ova. Currently there is
only 1 supplier for this in the world and isbased in the US

To develop a proposal via research on
alternatives.

A.3.6.2.2

geChange the recommended method for PAH
measurement from US EPA Compendium
method TO-13A

Change to EPA Method 429

teStandard VDI 3874 is not the correct test
method for this application.

Remove VDI 3874

A.3.6.3.1

ed

The wording on distance andmeasurements is confusing for the reader.

The measurement shall be carried out inside
the superstructure, about 1 m to 1,5 m fromthe centre of the squatting or seat pan of
the frontend.

A.3.6.5.1

geChange the units from ppmv or ppbv
(volume / total volume)

Change to use the units of mg/m3 or µg/m3(weight / total volume)

A.3.4.3

Table A.3

A.3.4.4

A.3.6.2.2.3

12

Date:2022-11-11

Document: Annex Initial list of
proposed changes needed to ISO Project:30500:2018

Table A.3

Comments

Proposed change

MB = Member body / NC = National Committee (enter the ISO 3166 two-letter country code, e.g. CN for China; comments from the ISO/CS editing unit are identified by **)Type of comment:ge = general te = technical ed = editorial

Observations of thesecretariat

Page 11 of 14

in Formula A.1 and A.2. ppmb or ppbv areproportional units based on volume pervolume which are independent of
temperature and pressure. Normalisation to
7% O2 and H2O dry basis is still required for
ppmv & ppbv.

A.3.7.2

te

Instruments are too high end. It is notnecessary for having a class 1 which is +/- 1
dB. A class 2 which has a +/- 2 or 3 dB is
usually sufficient. It is not practical to havedeveloping countries laboratories to havesuch equipments.

Change class 1 requirements to"requirements of IEC 61672-1:2013, class 1
minimum class 2"

A.3.7.4.1.1

ge

The wording on measurement point isconfusing for the reader

The measurement point shall be centred
above the squatting or seat pan of thefrontend, at a height of 1.2m above groundlevel

A.3.7.4.2

teFaster data acquisition"shall be set to A-weighting and slow fasttime weighting"ge

The equations for the mentioned K1 and K2
are missing. To add the equation of include
the reference for the equation.

Two possible corrections, refer to ISO 3744
Clause 8.2.3, can be determined to improvethe measurement uncertainty of noiselevels:A.3.7.5.1** are comments from ISO Central Secretariat

ANNEX B
Known Patented Items

Inventor(s)Institution - Assignee(if applicable)

Patent (Application) Number

Patent (Application) Title

Countries

Asian Institute of Technology

1501000026

Wormhole separator

Asian Institute of Technology

1401004209

Hydro-cyclone for solid-liquid separation

University of the West of
England (UWE), Bristol

Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)

China
European
IndianUnites States

University of the West of
England (UWE), Bristol

Chinese Patent Application No.
2012800227584,
European Patent Application No. 12710778.7,
Indian Patent Application No.
7998/DELNP/2013,
United States Patent Application No.
14/003,882
United Kingdom Patent Application No.
1501570.4

3rd and 4th pins for modulation, control
and sensing

United Kingdom

Janicki

62/088,285 - Filing Date: December 5, 2014

Toilet Systems and Methods

Daniel Yeh, Robert
Bair, Onur Ozcan,
George Dick, Jorge
Calabria, Matthew
WoodhamDaniel Yeh, Robert
Bair, Onur Ozcan,
George Dick, Jorge
Calabria, Matthew
WoodhamDaniel Yeh, Onur
Ozcan, Robert Bair

University of South Florida

U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.
61/955,450, filed March 19, 2014

A Compact System for Decentralized
Sanitation and Waste Resource Recovery

US

University of South Florida

Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) Patent
Application No. PCT/US15/21473, filed March
19, 2015

Portable Wastewater Treatment Systems

PCT

University of South Florida

US Provisional Patent Application No.
61/947,664, filed March 4, 2014

Concentrically-Baffled Reactor (CBR) for
Water or Wastewater Treatment

US

Daniel Yeh, Onur
Ozcan, Robert Bair

University of South Florida

PCT Patent Application No. PCT/US15/18495,
filed March 3, 2015

Concentrically-Baffled Reactors andSystems that Incorporate Them

PCTDaniel Yeh, George
Dick, Robert Bair,
Onur Ozcan, Jorge
Calabria

University of South Florida

US Provisional Patent Application No.
62/128,696, filed March 5, 2015

Systems and Methods for Wastewater
Treatment and Resource Recovery
Incorporating Combinations of Separation,
Conversion and Polishing Stages

US (PCT filingexpected)

HOFFMANN,
Michael, R.;(US).
ARYANFAR, Asghar;(US).
CHO, Kangwoo;(US).
CID, Clement, A.;(US).
KWON, Daejung;(KR).
QU, Yan; (US)California Institute ofTechnology

WO2014058825

Self‐contained, PV‐powered domestic
toilet and wastewater
treatment system

International

Hoffmann Michael R.
Aryanfar Asghar
Cho Kangwoo
Cid Clement A.
Kwon Daejung
Qu YanCalifornia Institute ofTechnology

US20140209479

SELF‐CONTAINED, PV‐POWEREDDOMESTIC TOILET AND
WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=
WO2014058825&r
ec
Num=2&maxRec=
2&office=&prevFilt
er=&sortOption=Pub+Date+Desc&quer
yS
tring=FP%3A%28p
v+powered+toilet+california%29&tab=P
CT+Biblio
UShttps://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=
US106045304&recN
um=1&maxRec=2&
office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=Pub+
Date+Desc&query
Str
ing=FP%3A%28pv+powered+toilet+california%29&tab=Nat
ionalBiblio

SHIN, Hyunsuk
KIM, Yongkwon
KIM, Ginam

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
CO., LTD.

PCT/KR2021 /001155
US63/030777

KIM, Yongkwon
SHIN, Hyunsuk
KIM, Ginam
KIM, Mijong
CHANG, Wonsuk

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
CO., LTD.

KIM, Nagjong
KIM, Ginam
CHANG, Wonsuk
HWANG, Seungsik

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
CO., LTD.

CHANG, Wonsuk
KIM, Ginam
KIM, Yongkwon
INKI KIM
SHIN, Hyunsuk
HWANG, Seungsik

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
CO., LTD.

KR20210034868

CHANG, Wonsuk
INKI KIM
KIM, Ginam

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS
CO., LTD.

KR20210039997

PCT/KR2021 /003050
US63/030749

PCT/KR2021 /005950
US63/030759

Toilet and manure treatment system inclu
ding the same

APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING FECESAND MANURE TREATMENT SYSTEMINCLUDING THE SAMEHousehold toilet waste treatment systemcomprising biological treatment device
and combustion device and method oftreating toilet waste using the same
A composition for hard coating, hardcoating film obtained from thecomposition, laminate including the hardcoating film, method for manufacturing thehard coating film, and article including thehard coating film
An antibacterial monomer, antibacterial
polymer composition including theantibacterial monomer, antibacterial film
obtained from the antibacterial polymer
composition, and article including theantibacterial film

Republic of Korea
US(and othercountries being
considered)Republic of Korea
US(and othercountries being
considered)Republic of Korea
US(and othercountries being
considered)Republic of Korea(and othercountries being
considered)Republic of Korea(and othercountries being
considered)