LIT212C 6/17/98 12:25 PM Page FC1

AG® 1, AG MP-1
and AG 2
Strong Anion Exchange Resin
Instruction
ManualLIT212C 6/17/98 12:25 PM Page FC2

Table of Contents
Page
Section 1

Introduction ............................................ 1

Section 2

Technical Description............................. 1

Section 3

Mechanism .............................................. 5

Section 4

Resin Conversion .................................... 10

Section 5

Instructions for Use ................................ 14

5.1
5.2

Batch Method.................................................... 14
Column Method ................................................ 15

Section 6

Sample Protocols
for Anion Exchange Resins.................... 18

6.1
6.2

Separation of Metal Ions................................... 18
Glucose Binding on AG 1-X8 Resin ................ 21

Section 7

Applications............................................. 23

Section 8

Product Information............................... 32

Section 9

Technical Information............................ 39

LIT212C 6/17/98 12:25 PM Page 1

Section 1
Introduction
AG 1, AG MP-1 and AG 2 resins are strongly basic
anion exchangers. They are capable of exchanging
anions of acidic, basic, and neutral salts, and ampholyteson the basic side of their pI. Strong anion exchange
resins are used for sample preparation, enzyme assays,
metal separations, and peptide, protein, and nucleic acidseparations.

Section 2
Technical Description
Strongly basic anion exchange resins are available
as Analytical Grade AG 1 and AG 2 resins, AG MP-1
macroporous resin, and Biotechnology Grade AG 1
resin. The Analytical Grade AG 1, AG MP-1 and AG 2
resins have been exhaustively sized, purified, and converted to make them suitable for accurate, reproducible
analytical techniques. Biotechnology Grade AG 1 resin
is analytical grade resin which is certified to contain lessthan 100 microorganisms per gram of resin.
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AG 1 and AG 2 resins are strongly basic anion
exchangers with quaternary ammonium functionalgroups attached to the styrene divinylbenzene copolymer lattice. The amount of resin crosslinkage determines
the bead pore size. A resin with a lower percentage ofcrosslinkage has a more open structure permeable tohigher molecular weight substances than a highly
crosslinked resin. It also has a lower physical resistanceto shrinking and swelling, so that it absorbs more waterand swells to a larger wet diameter than a highly
crosslinked resin of equivalent dry diameter. For example, the lower crosslinked resins, particularly AG 1-X2
2% crosslinked resin, are useful for the sorption andfractionation of relatively high molecular weight substances such as peptides, ribo- and deoxyribonucleotides, and uranium. The higher crosslinked resins,
particularly AG 1-X8 8% crosslinked resin, are used forsorption, exchange, and separation of low molecularweight inorganic anions, and in applications such as
cyclic nucleotide assays and fractionation of organic
acids. Table 1 shows the approximate molecular weight2

exclusion limits in water for resins of various crosslinkages.
Table 1. Approximate Molecular Weight Exclusion
Limits for Ion Exchange Resins in Water
Percent
Crosslinking

Approximate MW Exclusion Limit
for Globular Molecules

2%

2,700

4%

1,400

8%

1,000

10%

800

12%

400

AG 2 resin is similar to AG 1 resin, but is slightly
less basic and slightly less resistant to oxidation due todifferences in the structure of the quaternary functionalgroup. It offers advantages in certain applications. For
example, it is capable of separating sugars, sugar alcohols, and glycosides using a step gradient and borate
buffers without isomerizing some sugars, as AG 1 resin
tends to do.
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Each AG 1 resin is supplied in the chloride form.
Selected resins are available in the acetate, formate, andhydroxide form. These ionic forms may be consideredmore activated forms than the chloride form, as may be
deduced from the order of selectivity information given
in Tables 2 and 3. AG 1 resins purchased in the more
active forms may be converted to any other form. The
chloride ion, because of its higher selectivity for the
resin, is relatively difficult to replace with formate,acetate, hydroxide, or fluoride. Thus, if various ionicforms are to be used, the formate or acetate forms provide flexibility and convenience (see Table 3). Formate
and acetate forms may be used to separate most low
molecular weight biological compounds, such as
nucleotides, hormones, peptides, and carboxylic acids.
AG MP-1 resin is the macroporous equivalent of AG 1
resin. Its effective surface area approximates 23 square
meters per dry gram, 20% porosity.
The physical properties of the resins are listed inTable 2. The anion exchange resins are thermally stable
and resistant to solvents (alcohols, hydrocarbons, etc.),
reducing agents, and oxidizing agents.
4

Table 2. Guide to Analytical Grade Anion
Exchange Resins
Resin
Type

ActiveGroup

ThermalStability>phenolate>HSO4>ClO3>NO3>Br>
CN>HSO3>
NO2>Cl>HCO3>IO3>
H2COO>Ac>
OH>F

OH- form,
Very good Slowfair to 50 °C;
solution
Cl and otherin hot 15%
forms, good
HNO3 orto 150 °C
conc. H2O2

R-CH2N+ phenolate>I(CH3)2>HSO4>ClO3
C2H4OH >NO3>Br>
CN>HSO3>
NO2>Cl>OH>IO3>H2COO>Ac>F

OH- form,
Very good Slow
to 30 °C; Clsolution
forms, goodin hot 15%
to 150 °C
HNO3 orconc. H2O2

AG 1
R-CH2N+and(CH3)3
AG MP-1
ResinsAG 2
Resin

Solvent
Stability

Resistanceto Oxidizing
AgentsOrder of
Selectivity

Section 3
Mechanism
In an ion exchange procedure, the counterions on
the resin are replaced by sample ions that have the samecharge. With anion exchange resins such as AG 1 and
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AG MP-1, neutral species and cations do not interact
with the resin. In the chloride form of AG 1, AG MP-1,
and AG 2 resin, the counterion on the resin is Cl -. A
resin can be converted from one ionic form to another.
Usually the resin is used in an ionic form with a lower
selectivity for the functional group than the sample ions
to be exchanged. The sample ions are then exchanged
onto the resin when introduced, and can be eluted byintroducing an ion with higher affinity for the resin or ahigh concentration of an ion with equivalent or lower
affinity. Table 3 shows the relative selectivity of various
counterions. In general, the lower the selectivity of thecounterion, the more readily it exchanges for another ionof like charge. The order of selectivity can also be used
to estimate the effectiveness for different ions as eluants,
with the most highly selective being the most efficient.
Finally, the order of selectivity can be used to estimate
the difficulty of converting the resin from one form toanother. Conversion from a highly selected to a lesshighly selected form requires an excess of the new ion.

6

Table 3. Relative Selectivity of Various Counterions
Relative Selectivity Relative Selectivity
Counterion
for AG 1 andfor AG 2 Resin
AG MP-1 Resins
OHBenzene sulfonate
Salicylate
CitrateIPhenate
HSO4ClO3NO3Br CNHSO3BrO3NO2ClHCO3IO3HPO4Formate
AcetatePropionate
F-

1.0
500
450
220
175
110
85
74
65
50
28
27
27
24
22
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.6
3.2
2.6
1.6
7

1.0
75
65
23
17
27
15
12
8
6
3
3
3
3
2.3
1.2
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.3

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The AG 1 and AG MP-1 resins are available in several particle size ranges. The flow rate in a chromatographic column increases with increasing particle size.
However, the attainable resolution increases withdecreasing particle size and narrower size distribution
ranges. Particle size is given either in mesh size or
micron size. The larger the mesh size number, the smaller the particle size. Table 4 shows wet mesh and equivalent micron diameters.

batch as well as column applications. Medium mesh is
an ideal, general purpose particle size for use in analytical and preparative scale column chromatography. Finemesh material (200-400 and minus 400 mesh) is used
for high resolution analytical separations.

Table 4. Wet Mesh and Equivalent
Micron Diameters
Wet Mesh(U.S. Standard)
16

20

40

50

80

100

140

200

270

325

400

180

150

106

75

53

45

38

Micron Diameter(1 µm = 0.001 mm)
1,180 850

425

300

Large mesh material (20-50 and 50-100 mesh) isused primarily for preparative applications and batch
operations where the resin and sample are slurried
together. Medium mesh resin (100-200) may be used in
8

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Section 4
Resin Conversion
Table 5 outlines common techniques for converting
ion exchange resins from one ionic form to another.

Resin conversion is most efficiently carried out in thecolumn mode. However, when choosing a column,
remember that the resin may shrink, or it may swell as
much as 100%, depending on the conversion.

Table 5. Techniques for Resin Conversion
Resin

Conversion
From→To(1)AG 1 andAG MP-1
Resins

Cl– → OH–
OH– → formate
Cl– → formate

Reagent Used
1 N NaOH(2)1 N formic acid
Use Cl– → OH– andthen OH– → formate
same as formate except
use 1 N HAc
1 N NaOH(2)0.5 N NaNO3

Cl– → acetate
AG 2 Resin

Cl– → OH–
Cl– → NO3–

Volumes ofSol’n/Vol.
of ResinLinearFlow Rate(4)cm/min of Bed

20
2
20
2

2

2
5

1. Typical conversions are listed. The same reagents can be used to convert from other ionic forms. Two steps regeneration, ion exchange followed by neutralization, is included because of ease of conversion andsaving on expensive reagents.
2. Use U.S.P. or C.P. grade (low chloride).
3. N = Neutralization; IX = Ion exchange; IXN = two step process: Ion
exchange to acid or base form followed by neutralization with appropriate base or acid of salt, example (Step 1) Resin-Cl – + NaOH →10

2

Test for
Completenessof Conversion

Rinse:Vol.
Dl Water/Vol. Resin

Test for
Completionof Rinsing

IX
N
IX-N

Cl–(5)
pH<2

4
4

IX-N

pH<2

4

pH<9
pH>4.8
pH>4.8
pH>4.8
pH>4.8IX
IX

Cl–(5)
Cl–(5)

4
4

Type of
Exchange(3)pH>9Resin-OH (IX); (Step 2) Resin-OH + H-formate → resin-formate +H2O (neutralization).
4. For 50-100 or finer mesh resin. For 20-50 mesh about 1⁄5 the flow rate
is recommended
5. Test for Cl– in effluent: Acidify sample with a few drops of conc.
HNO3. Add 1% Ag NO3 solution. White ppt indicates Cl–, yellow Br–
or too basic.
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Conversions to ionic forms not listed in Table 5 canbe achieved using the information supplied in Table 3,
which lists relative selectivities of various counterions
for AG 1, AG MP-1, and AG 2 resin. To convert a resin
to an ionic form with a higher selectivity, wash the resinwith 2-5 bed volumes of a 1 M solution of the desired
counterion. For conversion to an ionic form with a lower
relative selectivity for the resin, the necessary volume ofcounterion solution will depend on the difference inselectivity. As a general rule, use 1 bed volume of 1 M
counterion solution for each unit difference in relative
selectivity. For example, converting AG 1-X8 resin
from the formate form (relative selectivity 4.6) to thehydroxide form (relative selectivity 1.0) would require
4-5 bed volumes of 1 M NaOH.
In some cases, it is more economical and more efficient to go through an intermediate counterion whenconverting to a counterion of much lower selectivity.
One example of this is the conversion of AG 1-X8 resin
from the chloride form (relative selectivity 22) to theformate form (relative selectivity 4.6). The resin is first
converted to the hydroxide form (relative selectivity 1.0)
12

using 20 bed volumes of 1 N NaOH. The resin has avery low selectivity for hydroxide, making the conversion to the formate form relatively simple (2 bed volumes of 1 N formic acid). Another conversion method is
to first convert to an ionic form of intermediate selectivity. When converting from the chloride form (relative
selectivity 22) to the hydroxide form (relative selectivity1), the resin can first be converted to the bicarbonate
form (relative selectivity 6.0).
The easiest method to test for completeness of conversion depends on the particular conversion.
Conversion is complete when the first ion is no longer
detected in the effluent. In many cases, this can be monitored by pH or by simple qualitative tests. When conversion is complete, the resin should be rinsed with deionized water, then with starting buffer, until a stable pH is
obtained. The resin is then equilibrated to the desired
starting conditions.

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Section 5
Instructions for Use
AG 1 and AG MP-1 resins may be used in a batch
method or a column method. The batch method consistsof adding the resin directly to the sample and stirring.
The column method requires packing a column withresin, and passing the sample through.

5.1 Batch Method
The batch method is performed by adding the resin
directly into the sample and stirring. The resin should bein the correct ionic form prior to beginning.
1. Weigh out about 5 grams of resin for every 100 mlof sample. For larger scale applications or when an
exact amount of resin is needed, calculate the resin
volume based on the resin capacity.
2. Add resin to the sample and stir or shake gently for
1 hour.
3. Filter or decant the sample from the resin.
14

5.2 Column Method
The column method involves pouring a column withthe resin and passing the sample through to achieve theseparation. Particle size will determine the flow rate,
which will affect the separation. The resin should be in
the correct ionic form and equilibrated prior to adding
the sample.
1. Calculate the amount of resin required based on the
expected resin capacity and sample concentration. If
the sample ionic concentration is unknown, begin
with 5 grams of resin for 100 ml of sample, and then
optimize the volumes after looking at the results ofthe first separation.
2. Insure that the resin is in the proper ionic form toallow the sample ions to be exchanged onto theresin. If conversion of the resin into another ionicform is necessary, use the guidelines described forresin conversion (see Table 5).
3. Prepare the initial buffer so that the pH and ionicconcentration will allow the sample ions to be15

LIT212C 6/17/98 12:25 PM Page 16

exchanged onto the column. For unknown solutions,use deionized water.
4. Slurry and pour the resin into the column.
Equilibrate the resin in the initial buffer using 3 bed
volumes of buffer. Poorly equilibrated resin will notgive reproducible results. Alternatively, equilibration can be done by the batch technique, prior to
pouring the column. First, convert the resin to theappropriate form, then suspend it in the starting
buffer. Check the pH with a pH meter while stirringcontinuously. Adjust the pH by adding acid or base
dropwise to the buffer until the desired pH is
obtained. Then transfer the resin to the column, andpass 1 bed volume of the starting buffer through thecolumn.
5. Slurry the resin in the initial buffer and pour the column. Allow excess buffer to pass through the column, leaving enough buffer to just cover the top of
the resin bed.
6. Apply the sample dropwise to the top of the column
without disturbing the resin bed. Drain the sample
into the top of the bed and apply several small por16

tions of starting eluant, being very careful to rinse
down the sides of the column and to avoid stirring
up the bed. Drain each portion to the level of theresin bed before the next portion is added. Neverallow the liquid level to drain below the top of theresin bed sample.
7. The actual flow rate that is used will depend upon
the application, the resin, and the column cross-section. To obtain flow rates for any given size column,
multiply the suggested flow rates in Table 6 by thecolumn cross-sectional area. Table 6 gives typicalflow rates of analytical grade resins.
8. If an anion free solution is the goal, collect the effluent. If the concentrated anions are of interest, allow
all of the sample to pass through the column, thenelute the anions off the resin with a solution containing a counterion of higher selectivity than the boundanion.

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Table 6. Suggested Flow Rates for
Ion Exchange Resin Columns
Application
Removing trace ions
Separations with very few components
Separations of multi-component samples
Using high resolution resins
with small particle size

LinearFlow Rate(cm/min)2, Trail Edition, Laboratory Manual of the Chemical
Education Material Study.
Materials
AG 1-X8 resin, 50-100 mesh, 10 grams

5-10
1-3
0.3-1.0

Glass column approximately 12 mm ID, 30-40 cm
long, and resistant to 9 N HCl

1-2

Sample solution - 0.1 meq Co2+, Ni2+, and Fe3+ prepared from 238 mg CoCl2·6H2O; 238 mg NiCl2·6H2O;
and 271 mg FeCl3·6H2O in 10 ml 9 N HCl

Section 6
Sample Protocols forAnion Exchange Resins
6.1 Separation of Metal Ions

HCl approximately 9 N, 5 N, and 0.5 N

Cobalt test solution - 10% NH4SCN in acetone
Nickel test solution - 1% KSCN or 1% NH4SCN
Test tubes or vials, 12
ProcedureThis experiment was suggested by Professor Harold
Walton, University of Colorado, and Professors Charles
Koch and George Pimental, University of California at
Berkeley. It is a modification of Experiment 32, Volume

1. Slurry the resin in distilled water.
2. Pour the resin into a column that is resistant to 9 N
HCl. The resin bed should be approximately 10 cm
deep.

18

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3. Equilibrate the resin by passing approximately 15 mlof 9 N HCl over the resin bed.
4. Adjust the flow rate to no faster than 1 drop/second
or 4 ml/min.
5. When the level of 9 N HCl has reached the top of
the resin bed, either shut the screw clamp, or add 2
ml of sample (0.2 meq of each ion).
6. Do not allow air into the resin bed because air may
cause channeling with uneven flow of subsequent
solutions.
7. After the sample has soaked into the resin bed, add
approximately 20 ml of 9 N HCl.
8. Begin collecting 5 ml aliquots.
9. The color of the eluant should intensify and then theeluant should become nearly colorless in the third or
fourth aliquot.
10. Continue elution using 20 ml of 5 N HCl, and then
20 ml of 0.5 N HCl, in the manner described above.
11. In each case, 5 to 10 ml more of the eluant may be
added if the eluant is still strongly colored after 20
ml of acid has soaked into the resin bed.
20

12. Observe and record the colors in the resin bed and in
the eluant.
13. Test each aliquot for each of three ions:
Co+2 test - 1 drop eluant plus 1 drop cobalt test solution. Strong test is a bright blue color.
Ni+2 test - 1 drop eluant plus 1 drop nickel test solution. Neutralize with concentrated NH3. A bright red
ppt is a positive test for nickel.
Fe+3 test - 1 drop eluant plus 1 drop iron test solution. A bright red color is a positive test.

6.2 Glucose Binding on AG 1-X8 Resin
This procedure demonstrates the binding and elutionof glucose on AG 1-X8 resin.
Materials
Poly-Prep® disposable chromatography column, 2 ml
1 N NaOH
AG 1-X8 resin, 200-400 mesh, formate form, 2-3 ml
Glucose sample, 100 mg/ml
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Ames Keta-Diastix test for glucose
1 M NaCl
Procedure
1. Pack the Poly-Prep chromatography column with
2 ml AG 1-X8 resin, 200-400 mesh, formate form.
2. Convert the resin to the OH form by washing it with
10 bed volumes of 1 N NaOh, then with 5 bed volumes of distilled water.
3. Add 1 ml of the glucose sample.
4. Wash with 3 bed volumes of water.
5. Check for the presence of glucose.
6. Elute the glucose with 1 M NaCl.
7. Check for glucose.

22

Section 7
Applications
Strong anion exchange resins are used for sample
preparation, enzyme assays, metal separations, and peptide, protein, and nucleic acid separations. The tables
below summarize the applications.
Table 7. Anion Exchange Resins for
Sample Preparation
Application

Resin

Reference

Recovery of Pi fromglucose-phosphate

AG 1-X4
resin

Stroop, S. D. and Boyer, P. D.,
Biochem., 24, 6, 2304 (1985).

Extraction of
5-hydroxy-indole
acetic acid from
CSF and urine

AG 1-X8
resin

Dombro, R. S. and Hutson, D. G.,
Clin. Chim. Acta, 100, 231 (1980).

Anion removal from
porphyrin in urine

AG 1-X8
resin

Torben, K. and Penderson, J. S.,
Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 38, 279(1978).

Purification of cyclic
nucleotides

AG 1-X8
resin

Shanfield, J., Jones, J. andDavidovitch, Z., Anal. Biochem.,
113, 256 (1981).

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LIT212C 6/17/98 12:25 PM Page 24

Application

Resin

Reference

Application

Resin

Reference

Purification ofcarboxylated
pepsinogen

AG 1-X8
resin

Rajagopalan, T. G., Moore, S. andStein, W. J., J. Biol. Chem., 241,
4940, (1966).

Removal of thyroid
hormone from serum

AG 1-X8
resin

Stanley, F., Tsai, J. R. andSamuels, H. H., J. Biol. Chem., 261,
9400 (1966).

Separation of cAMPfrom cGMP

AG 1-X8
resin

Kuehl, F. A., Jr., Ham, E. A. andZanetti, M. E, et al., Proc. Nat.
Acad. Sci. USA, 71, 1866 (1974);
Fallon, A. M. and Wyatt, G. R.,
Anal. Biochem., 63, 614 (1975).

AG 2-X8
resin

Stringer, B. M. J. and WynfordThomas, D., Hormone Res., 16, 392(1982).

Concentrationof phytate

AG 1-X8
resin

Ellis, R. and Morris, E. R., Cereal
Chem., 63, 58 (1986).

Removal of ATP fromproteoliposomes

AG 1-X8
resin

Woldegiorgis, G. and Shrago, E., J.
Biol. Chem., 260, 7585 (1985).
Chen, P. M., Richardson, D. G. andMellenthin, W. M., J. Amer. Soc.
Hort. Sci., 107, 807 (1982).

Concentrationof amines

AG 1-X8
resin

Minkler, P. E., Ingalls, S. T.,
Kormos, L., et al., J. Chromatog.,
336, 271 (1984).

Removal of triiodide

AG 1-X8
resin

Basciano, L. K., Berenstein, E. H.,
Kmak, L. and Siraganian, R. P., J.
Biol. Chem., 261, 11823 (1986).

Removal or concenAG 1-X8
tration of organic acids resin

Concentration of
niacin prior to HPLC
analysis

Ag 1-X8
resin

Tyler, T. A. and Shrago, R. R.,
J. Liq. Chromatog., 3, 269 (1980).

Table 8. Metal Separation on Anion Exchangers

Removal of organic
acids and carbohydrates from
guanidino compounds

AG 1-X8
resin

Marescau, B., De Deyn, P., Van
Gorp, L. and Lowenthal, A., J.
Chromatog., 377, 334 (1986).

24

MetalsRecommended Eluant andResin
Eluted Ions

Ni, Mn (ii), AG 1-X8
Co (ii),resin
Cu (ii),Fe (iii),
Zn (ii)

Reference

Ni - 12 M HCl:
Kraus, K. A., and
Mn - 6 M HCl;
Moore, G. E., J. Amer.
Cu - 2.5 M HCl; Chem. Soc., 75, 1460
Fe - 0.5 M HCl; (1953).
Zn - 0.005 M HCl

25

LIT212C 6/17/98 12:25 PM Page 26

MetalsRecommended Eluant andResin
Eluted Ions

Ni, Co, Cu, AG 1-X8
Zn
resin

Reference

Ni - 96% MeOH, Fritz, J. S. Pietrzyk,
0.2 M HCl; Co - D. J., Talanta, 8, 143
55% IPA, 1.3 M (1961).
HCl; Cu - 55%
IPA, 0.1 M HCl;Zn - 0.005 M HCl

Mn, Co, Ni AG 1-X8
Fe, Mo,resin(also Cr, Zn,
Cd, Hg)Mn, Co, Ni - 8.5
x 10-2 M tartrate;
Fe - tartaric acidin 0.1 M HCl;
Mo - 3 M NaOH

Morie, G. P., andSweet, T. R., J.
Chromatog., 16, 201(1964).

Th, Hf, Zr,
Mo

AG 1-X8
resin

Th - 0.7 N
H2SO4; Hf - 1.25
N H2SO4; Zr 2.0 N H2SO4;
Mo - 2.0 N NH4;
NO3, 0.5 N NH3

Strelow, F. W. E. andBothma, C. J. C.,
Anal. Chem., 39, 595(1967).

V, Th, Fe

AG 1-X8
resin

Absorbed as
citrate complexes; Th - 8 M
HCl; Fe - IBMK,
acetone, 1 N HCl(1:8:1 v/v);
V - 1 M HCl

Korkisch, J. andKrivanec, H., Anal.
Chim. Acta, 83, 111(1976).

26

MetalsRecommended Eluant andResin
Eluted Ions

Bi, Pb, Cd,
Zn

Ag 1-X8
resin

Pb, Cd, Zn HBr-HNO3;
Bi - EDTA

ReferenceStrelow, F. W. E.,
Anal. Chem., 50, 1359
(1978).

Table 9. Peptide and Protein Separations
on Anion Exchangers
Application

Resin

Reference

Separation of small
peptides from rabbit
muscleAG 1-X2
resin

Titani, K., Koide, A., Ericsson,
L. H., et al., Biochem., 17, 5680
(1978).

Separation of peptides
from horse liver cytochromes

AG 1-X2
resin

Ozuls, J., Craig, G. and Nobrega,
F. G., J. Biol. Chem., 251, 6767
(1976).

Purification of fungal
glucoamylase

AG 1-X4
resin

Bhella, R. S. and Altosaar, I., Anal.
Biochem., 140, 200 (1984).

27

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Table 10. Anion Exchange Resins
in Enzymatic Assays
EnzymeSubstrate

Product

Resin

Reference

NADaseNAD

Nicotinamide

AG 1-X2
resin

Moss, J., Manganiello, V. C. and Vaughn,
M., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 73, 4424
(1976).

Cyclic 3',5' nucleotide
phosphodiesterasecAMP

Adenosine

AG 1-X2
resin

Brooker, G., Thomas, L. J., Jr. andAppelman, M. M., Biochem., 12, 4177
(1968); Ong, K. K. and Rennie, P. I. C., Anal.
Biochem., 76, 53 (1976); Thompson, W. J.,
Teraski, W. L., Epstein, P. M. and Strada, S.
J., Advan. Cyclic Nucleotide Res., 9, 69(1978).

Sucrose synthetase;sucrose phosphatesynthetase

UDP-glucose
Sucrose + UDP;
and fructose;
UDP +UDP-glucose
sucrose -6-P
and fructose-6-P

AG 1-X4
resin

Salerno, G. L., Gamundi, S. S. and Pontis,
H. G. Anal. Biochem., 93, 196 (1979).

GuanylatecyclaseGTP

AG 1-X8
resin;
neutralalumina

Krishnan, N. and Krishna, G., Anal.
Biochem., 70, 18 (1976).

28

cGMP

29

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Table 10. Anion Exchange Resins
in Enzymatic Assays (continued)
EnzymeSubstrate

Product

Resin

Reference

Hexokinase

MannoseMannose 6-P

AG 1-X8
resin

Li, E., Jabas, I. and Kornfeld, S., J. Biol.
Chem., 253, 7762 (1978).

CholinekinaseACh + ATP

Phosphorylcholine

AG 1-X8
resin

Kato, A. C., Collier, B. Ilson, D. and Wright,
J. M., Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 53, 1050
(1975).

HMG-CoA reductase

HMG-CoA

Mevalonolactone

AG 1-X8
resin

Edwards, P. A., Lemongello, D. andFogelman, A. M., J. Lipid. Res., 20, 40(1979)

Glutamine synthetase

Glutamate

Glutamine

AG 1-X8
resin

Pishak, M. R. and Phillips, A. T., Anal.
Biochem., 94, 88 (1979).

30

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LIT212C 6/17/98 12:25 PM Page 32

Section 8
Product Information
Catalog
NumberIonic
Form

Dry MeshSize

Wet bead
Diameter (µm)

Capacity(meq/ml)

Pkg.
Size

NominalDensity (gm/ml)

AG 1-X2 Resin, Analytical Grade140-1231

Chloride50-100180-500

0.6

500 g

0.65

140-1241

Chloride100-200

106-250

0.6

500 g

0.65

140-1251

Chloride200-400

75-180

0.6

500 g

0.65

140-1253

Acetate200-400

75-180

0.6

500 g

0.65

AG 1-X4 Resin, Analytical Grade140-1331

Chloride50-100180-425

1.0

500 g

0.70

140-1341

Chloride100-200

106-250

1.0

500 g

0.70

140-1351

Chloride200-400

63-150

1.0

500 g

0.70

AG 1-X8 Resin, Analytical Grade140-1421

Chloride

20-50

300-1,180

1.2

500 g

0.75

140-1422

Hydroxide

20-50

300-1,180

1.2

500 g

0.75

32

33

LIT212C 6/17/98 12:25 PM Page 34

Catalog
NumberIonic
Form

Dry MeshSize

Wet bead
Diameter (µm)

Capacity(meq/ml)

Pkg.
Size

NominalDensity (gm/ml)

AG 1-X8 Resin, Analytical Grade (cont.)
140-1431

Chloride50-100180-425

1.2

500 g

0.75

140-1441

Chloride100-200

106-180

1.2

500 g

0.75

140-1443

Acetate100-200

106-180

1.2

500 g

0.75

140-1444

Formate100-200

105-180

1.2

500 g

0.75

140-1451

Chloride200-400

45-106

1.2

500 g

0.75

140-1453

Acetate200-400

45-106

1.2

500 g

0.75

140-1454

Formate200-400

45-106

1.2

500 g

0.75

AG MP-1 Resin, Analytical Grade141-0831

Chloride50-100150-300

1

500 g

0.7

141-0841

Chloride100-200

75-150

1

500 g

0.7

141-0851

Chloride200-400

38-75

1

500 g

0.7

34

35

LIT212C 6/17/98 12:25 PM Page 36

Catalog
NumberIonic
Form

Dry Mesh
Size

Diameter(micron)Capacity(meq/ml)

Pkg.
Size

Density(gm/ml)AG 2-X8 Resin, Analytical Grade140-2421

Chloride

20-50

300-1,180

1.2

500 g

0.75

140-2441

Chloride100-200

90-250

1.2

500 g

0.75

140-2451

Chloride200-400

45-106

1.2

500 g

0.75

75-180

0.6

100 g

0.65

106-250

1.0

100 g

0.70

106-180

1.2

100 g

0.75

45-106

1.2

100 g

0.75

AG 1-X2 Resin, Biotechnology Grade143-1255

Hydroxide

200-400

AG 1-X4 Resin, Biotechnology Grade143-1345

Hydroxide

100-200

AG 1-X8 Resin, Biotechnology Grade143-2445

Hydroxide

100-200

AG 1-X8 Resin, Biotechnology Grade143-2446

Hydroxide

36

200-400

37

LIT212C 6/17/98 12:25 PM Page 38

Section 9
Technical Information
If you need additional technical assistance in using
ion exchange resins, contact your local Bio-Rad representative.

38

LIT212C 6/17/98 12:25 PM Page 39

Bio-Rad Laboratories, 2000 Alfred Nobel Drive, Hercules, CA 94547
LIT212 Rev C