3
Monuments, Art and Social Change in the Formative Andes: Case Study inTembladera Region, Middle Jequetepeque Valley, Northern Peru
Eisei Tsurumi
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Throughout the history of the South American continent, the Central Andes is conspicuous in thatit displays a variety of domesticated animals and plants and witnessed the emergence of a tradition of
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utilization and alteration of the natural environment characterized the Andean Civilization. In the Hamacas
Plain, located in the Middle Jequetepeque Valley of northern Peru, there are many civic-ceremonial
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According to previous investigations and my research, these centers can be divided into eight clusters of
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decision-making over the alteration of the natural environment and planning of monumental buildings. At
the same time, geographical conditions and existing monuments stimulated the establishment of religious
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Los Andes Centrales es una de las áreas donde se han domesticado varios animales y plantas comorecursos comestibles y materiales para artesanía en la Sudamérica. Merece atención la aparición de loscentros ceremoniales, cuales son monumentos arquitectónicos con carácter ceremonial, desde el cuarto
milenio a.C., lo cual marcó la formación de Civilización Andina en esta zona. Este artículo se enfoca
una zona en donde el autor ha investigado tales monumentos prehispánicos y el proyecto “afuera de(XUDVLD´SODQL¿FDPiVHVWXGLRSDUDSURIXQGL]DUHOWHPDGHIRUPDFLyQGHDPELHQWHDUWL¿FLDO\HOUROGH
los monumentos.
En el valle medio de Jequetepeque, norte del Perú, se ubican gran número de conjuntos arquitectónicosdel Periodo Formativo. El sitio arqueológico “Complejo Hamacas” en la Pampa de las Hamacas es una
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están asociados con áreas residenciales y funcionaron como núcleo de asentamiento humano. La ubicación35

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causado por alta precipitación. La dirección de eje arquitectónica de construcciones y ubicación de tumbas
grandes en su contorno indican que los centros ceremoniales fueron diseñados y colocados para visualizar
la memoria de los ancestros en el paisaje.
Sin embargo, en la Pampa de Mosquito que se extiende en la margen opuesta de la Pampa de las
Hamacas, existe otro sitio denominado “Complejo Mosquito” que consiste en varios monumentos
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Hamacas. Mientras tanto, la presencia de terreno agrícola cerca de monumentos es una característica
común entre Complejo Hamacas y Complejo Mosquito, lo cual sugiere que la economía fue un elemento
fundamental en el proceso de formación de asentamiento con monumentos. El estudio comparativo deestos dos sitios nos permitirá discutir el mecanismo y función de los monumentos.
Introduction

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on Andean religious art, for instance, ceramic products,

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Central Coast of Peru, numerous ceremonial center sites

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36

The Middle Jequetepeque Valley

subsistence, and especially textile functioned as media

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Figure 3.1.

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Research history in the Hamacas Plain

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37

Figure 3.2.
Civic-ceremonial center sites of the Initial Period in the Middle Jequetepeque Valley, Peru.

Figure 3.3.
Monumental buildings of the Initial Period in Hamacas Plain and Mosquito Plain.

38

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Concluding Remarks

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References

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SHULRGWRWKHODWHURQHVLQVHDUFKRIFOXHVWRXQGHUVWDQGWKH

Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archäologie

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5DYLQHV5 E (DUO\0RQXPHQWDO$UFKLWHFWXUHRI/DWH 3UHFHUDPLF 3HULRG 1HZ 'DWD IURP WKHWKH-HTXHWHSHTXH9DOOH\3HUX,Q&%'RQQDQ0RVTXLWR3ODLQ .RGDL$PHULND $PHULFD$QWLJXD (G Early Ceremonial Architecture in the Andes,

SS ,Q-DSDQHVH

SS'XPEDUWRQ2DNV5HVHDUFK/LEUDU\

8OEHUW&   Die Keramik der formativzeitlichen

DQG&ROOHFWLRQ

siedlung Montegrande, Jequetepequetal, Nord-

6DNDL 0 6 7RNXH ( 7VXUXPL DQG . 6KLEDWD

Peru3KLOLSS9RQ=DEHUQ 3HUXNLWDNDLJDQQLRNHUXNRXNRJDNXLVHNLQRLSSDQFKRXVD *HQHUDO6XUYH\RIDUFKDHRORJLFDOVLWHV LQ WKH 1RUWK &RDVW RI 3HUX  -RXUQDO RI
+LVWRU\*HRJUDSK\DQG&XOWXUDO$QWKURSRORJ\

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K\SRWKHVLV 7VXUXPL EDVHGRQDQDVVXPSWLRQ

7DP 0 GH DQG , $JXLUUH   (O FRPSOHMRWKDWWKH3ODWIRUPRIWKLVVLWHKDGSRVVHVVHGVXFKSur-Este de la Meseta 2 de Montegrande, Beiträge

DUFKLWHFWXUDOIHDWXUHDOWKRXJKWKLVSODFHKDGEHHQDOWHUHG

zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Archäologie

E\ODWHUFRQVWUXFWLYHDFWLYLWLHV 5DYLQHV 

6SS
7HOOHQEDFK 0   Die Ausgrabungen in derformativzeitlichen Siedlung Montegrande,
Jequetepeque-Tal, Nord-Perú/Las excavaciones
en el asentamiento formativo de Montegrande, vallede Jequetepeque, en el norte del Perú.&+%HFN
7VXUXPL (   /D VHFXHQFLD FURQROyJLFD GH
los centros ceremoniales de la Pampa de Las+DPDFDV \ 7HPEODGHUD 9DOOH 0HGLR GH
-HTXHWHSHTXHBoletín de Arqueología PUCP ,
SS
7VXUXPL (   (O HVWXGLR GH DJUXSDFLRQHVHVSDFLDOHVGHFHQWURVFHUHPRQLDOHV)RUPDWLYRVHOFDVRGHO&RPSOHMR+DPDFDVGHOYDOOHPHGLR

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