19
6SDWLDO7HPSRUDODQG6\PEROLF6LJQL¿FDQFHRIWKH0\WKV5HFUHDWHG
LQWKH8QGHUZRUOGDQGLQWKH6SDFHRIWKH&LWDGHOLQ7HRWLKXDFDQ
Sergio Gómez Chavez and Julie Gazzola,QVWLWXWR1DFLRQDOGH$QWURSRORJtDH+LVWRULD0p[LFR
VHUJLRJRFK#KRWPDLOFRP-XOLHBJD]]ROD#KRWPDLOFRPThe discovery and systematic exploration of the tunnel under the Temple of the Feathered Serpent, as
well as the remains of an ancient sanctuary under The Citadel square, have allowed us to recognize the
SUDFWLFHRIGLৼHUHQWULWXDOVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHVKDUHGFRVPRJRQ\LQWKH0HVRDPHULFDQWHUULWRU\
As we have progressed in the investigation, we have gradually been able to identify several elements of
the worldview and Mesoamerican religious thought. For almost two and a half centuries the tunnel wasused to carry out the rituals that included the descent into the underworld and the staging of the encounter
with the lords of the underworld on the ballcourt. It should also be used for the rituals of transmission of
power, the funeral ceremonies and the burial of rulers of the early stages.
$URXQGRIRXUHUDWKHWXQQHOZDVFORVHGDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQEHJDQIURPDJUHDWULWXDOVWDJHSUHSDUHG
to recreate the original sea from which, according to the myth, the sacred mountain emerged, establishing
the beginning of time.
'LৼHUHQWHYLGHQFHVLQGLFDWHWKDWLWZDVDSDUDGLJPDWLFFKDQJHLQWKHZD\RIFRQGXFWLQJWKHULWXDODQG
the representation of the original myth, derived from the social complexity that Teotihuacan reached. The
ritual required new elements and better discursive resources, a stage conceived and constructed to carry
RXWWKHULWXDOUHSUHVHQWDWLRQVWKDWRQVSHFL¿FGDWHVXSGDWHGWKHP\WKRIWKHRULJLQDOFUHDWLRQIn this paper we argue the way in which the Teotihuacan elites materialized symbols that would allow
WKHLGHRORJLFDOFRQWURORIWKHSRSXODWLRQMXVWLI\LQJWKHLUFODVVSRVLWLRQLQGLৼHUHQWZD\V7KURXJKWKH
ritual staging of the myths alluding to creation, elites obtained social legitimacy under the protection of
the Feathered Serpent.

233

El descubrimiento y la exploración sistemática del túnel bajo el Templo de la Serpiente Emplumada,así como de los restos de un antiguo santuario localizado bajo la plaza de La Ciudadela, han permitido
reconocer la práctica de diferentes rituales asociados con la cosmogonía compartida en el territorio
mesoamericano.
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la cosmovisión mesoamericana y el pensamiento religioso. Por al menos dos siglos y medio, el túnel fue
utilizado para llevar a cabo rituales que incluían el descenso al inframundo y la celebración del encuentro
con los señores del inframundo en la cancha del juego de pelota. El túnel también pudo usarse pararealizar los rituales de trasmisión del poder, las ceremonias fúnebres y enterramiento de los gobernantes
de las primeras fases.
$OUHGHGRUGHOGHQXHVWUDHUDHOW~QHOIXHFHUUDGR\FRPHQ]yODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHXQJUDQHVFHQDULR
de tipo ritual preparado para recrear el mar primigenio del cual, según el mito de la creación original,
emergió la montaña , estableciendo el comienzo del tiempo.
Diferentes evidencias indican que se trató de un cambio paradigmático en la forma de conducir el
ULWXDO\ODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQHVFHQL¿FDGDGHOPLWRRULJLQDOGHULYDGRGHODFRPSOHMLGDGVRFLDOTXHDOFDQ]y
Teotihuacán. El ritual requería de nuevos elementos y mejores recursos discursivos, de un escenario
FRQFHELGR\FRQVWUXLGRSDUDOOHYDUDFDERODVUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVULWXDOHVTXHHQIHFKDVHVSHFL¿FDV
reactualizaban el mito de la creación original.
En este artículo argumentamos sobre la forma en la cual las elites teotihuacanas materializaron los
VtPERORVTXHVHUYtDQSDUDPDQWHQHUHOFRQWUROLGHROyJLFRGHODSREODFLyQMXVWL¿FDQGRVXSRVLFLyQGH
FODVHGHGLIHUHQWHVPDQHUDV$WUDYpVGHODHVFHQL¿FDFLyQGHORVPLWRVTXHDOXGtDQDODFUHDFLyQODVHOLWHV
obtenían legitimidad social bajo la protección de la Serpiente Emplumada.

Introduction

234

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The Architectural Complex of The Citadel

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distribution system for all kinds of goods manufactured

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Figure 19.1.

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View of the Citadel Complex. Photo by J. Gazzola.

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236

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Figure 19.2.

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