Presentation to ESA’s
Solar System Working Group
Oct. 11, 2007
Proposal leaders
Michel Blanc, Masaki Fujimoto, Robert T.
Pappalardo, Sho Sasaki, Lev Zelenyi
Working Group leaders
Yann Alibert (CH), Nicolas André (F), Sushil Atreya(USA), Reta Beebe (USA), Willy Benz (CH),
Angioletta Coradini (I), Athena Coustenis (F),
Véronique Dehant (Be), Michele Dougherty (U.K.),
Pierre Drossart (F), Olivier Grasset (F), Leonid
Gurvits (NL), Paul Hartogh (Ge), Hauke Hussmann(Ge), Yasumasa Kasaba (Jpn), Margaret Kivelson(USA), Krishan Khurana (USA), Norbert Krupp (Ge),Philippe Louarn (F), Jonathan Lunine (USA), Melissa
McGrath (USA), David Mimoun (F), Olivier Moussis(F), Juergen Oberst (Ge), Tatsuaki Okada (Jpn),
Olga Prieto-Ballesteros (Sp), Daniel Prieur (F),
Pascal Regnier (F), Maarten Roos Serote (P), Jerry
Schubert (USA), Christophe Sotin (F), Tom Spilker(USA), Yukihiro Takahashi (Jpn ), Takeshi
Takashima (Jpn), Federico Tosi (I), Diego Turrini(I), Tim Van Hoolst (Be)http://jupiter-europa.cesr.fr/

Many thanks to Astrium and CNES PASO
for their support

A science Road Map to the Jupiter system

JupiterMagneto-sphere

GalileoJUNO

LAPLACE

1st global
exploration

1st polar
orbiter

1st multiplatform mission

Origin & int.
Structure (1)Science return troposphere
limited(data volume Polar&Instruments)

EuropaLanderInt. Structure(2)
Upper/middle
atm. S and D
Magnetodisk
Satellite
interactions
Formation

Satellites Key science
Europaquestions
identified

S & D (oceans?)

Systemcoupling
Characterizing
ocean &habitability

Search forbiosignaturesand life

LAPLACE is tailored to address the themes of Cosmic Vision
1.3 Life and habitability
in the Solar System
2.1 From the Sun
to the edge of theSolar System:

Is ithabitable?

CV theme 1:

EuropaThe Jovian
magnetosphere as alocal template forastrophysicalmagnetized disks andbinary systems

What are theconditions for planet
formation and theemergence of life?

Jupiter
SystemHow
does itwork ?

2.2 Gaseous
Giants and theirMoons

How wasitformed ?

1.1 From gas
and dust tostars andplanets.

2.3 The Building Blocks of theSolar System: Asteroids andSmall Bodies

CV theme 2:
How does the Solar
System work?

I- Is Europa habitable?
Highest Priority•Existence of a sub-surface ocean•Surface composition and chemistry•Characterization of the liquid layer•Silicate/ocean surface topography•Search for astrobiological signatures

Lower Priority•Global surface morphology & dynamics•Constraints on mantle dynamics•Exosphere & Magnetospheric interactions

JupiterII- How does theJupiter system work?
Does it provide present conditions
favorable to Europa’s habitability?

Satellite system

Magnetodisk/
radiation belts

III- How did
the Jovian systemform ?
Did it provide
initial conditions
favorable to Europa’s
habitability?

Constraints on early
evolution of thesystem from thecratering records ofirregular andregular satellites

Constraints on the proto- Constraints on internal structure
and core size (complementary tojovian nebula fromJUNO) using seismology
chemical and isotopic
abundances of theregular satellites

The LAPLACE observing system (1)Science Goals
Missiontargets

How does the sytem work? How was it formed?
Is it habitable?
1 - Europa

3
2–Magnetosatellites
sphere4
Atmosphere

Earth-based
observations- JWST, ALMA, VLT, ELT’s, radioastronomy

Interplanetaryorbit

V/E fly-by science, Seismology, gravity, Dust streams,- VLBI (includes interaction w. space segment)
radio emissons, electron beams etc. (IP)

Jupiter Magnet. Orbiter (JMO)

Jovian orbit

JEO

Satellite orbits

EuropaEuropaGanymede

Orbiter (JEO)
Orbiter

Orbiter ?

Surface

Surfaceelement ?
(SE)

Jupiter Planetary Orbiter (JPO)The LAPLACE observing system (2)- two Jovian orbiters:

one 3-axis-stabilized platform for remote sensing instruments:
JPO Jovian Planetary Orbiter
one spinning platform for in-situ fields-and particles
measurements:
JMO Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter- one nadir-pointing platform:
JEO Jupiter Europa orbiter
Two options for ESA L-class (Astrium support studies):• Backup scenario : ESA-only mission.

One S/F launch.
Two s/c: Jupiter Relay Satellite (= JMO + JPO), JEO.

• Preferred scenario : Two medium capacity launchers with:- JPO + JMO on one launch – JPO final injection to Ganymede orbit to be studied- JEO on the second launchMany options for international collaboration

3 categories of scientific investigations required:• measurements of the main planetary fields (Europa,other satellites)• multi-spectral remote sensing of the surfaces,atmospheres and gas tori, and possibly sub-surfaces• in situ remote sensing of the plasmas, fields, energetic
particles gas and dust populations
Distributed between the platforms to:• Maximize complementarities and synergies• Take advantage of the specific pointing requirements of eachplatform
A possible science payload consists of:• core instruments addressing high-priority scienceobjectives,• specific high-priority instruments to be studied during theassessment phase,• complementary additional instruments.
A highly integrated payload approach will optimise science return

LAPLACE mission timeline
Phase 06 years

JOI

Cruise science
VGA/EGA

Phase 1
(1-1.5 years)

Phase 2(60-90 days)

Initial tour
Europa mission
Multiple Satellite flybys
Data relay
Multiple point measurementsImpact observations

Phase 3
>1 yearPost-Europa mission tour

timeJMO
JPO
JEOInterplanetary cruise

Jovian orbit

Ganymede Orbiter ?

Ganymede orbit
Europa orbit

Release of
an impactor ?

Europa surface

Release of
impact impact
a penetrator ?
Scenario 1

Expanded options

Scenario 2

Scenario 3

Key technology areas to be addressedin study phase• Energy source: solar panels vs. RPS ?
• Radiation tolerance of on-boars systems and instruments• Planetary protection compliance (for JEO)
• Tight mass/energy budget, calls for specific integratedstrategy• Optimisation of data storage/transmission• High navigation/positioning accuracy, a key element forEuropa and the satellites (gravity, topography, oceandetection, internal structure, Laplace resonance)
To be assessed during first study phase, but
no show-stoppers at preliminary study

Mission scenarios and international collaboration• LAPLACE is feasable by ESA only (scenario 3), by narrowing-down to main sciencetarget: Europa characterisation + its coupling to the Jupiter system• Broadly multi- and inter-disciplinary misison. Raises considerable interest for theexploration of Jupiter and Europa in the scientific communities of the U.S.A., Japan,Russia and beyond.

• Specific architecture (multi-platform, multi-target) provides an outstanding
framework for international collaboration• ESA has an ideal collaboration experience to lead the mission:–––Cassini-Huygens with NASA
BepiColombo with JAXALong experience of collaboration with Russia in Europe• ESA-JAXA-NASA collaboration, with RosCosmos participation, offers a uniquepotential to fly the mission in its most ambitious scenario:–

Let us join our resources, our technology and science know-how,–

And share science payloads on all three platforms via an international call for investigations• We shall be ready for a 2018 launch!

Complements by Bob and Masaki
on interests and contributions fromU.S. and Japanese science
communities

End of the presentation