COALITION FORSUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODSDEVELOPMENT WORKSHOP
September 19-20th, 2018 | Medan­- North Sumatra - Indonesia
Grand Aston City Hall Medan Hotel

Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods© Conservation International/photo by Tory Read

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SUMMARY
Hosted By: Conservation International, Danone, IDH, The Livelihoods Fund, Mars Wrigley
Confectionary, Mondelēz International, PepsiCo, The Forest Trust and UNDP with nearly 130
participants in attendance from government, private sector, finance institutions, and civilsociety organizations.
A collaborative planning workshop was held on September 19-20, 2018 in Medan, Indonesia with the aim ofgathering stakeholder input to shape and build the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods (CSL). The CSL is an
emerging initiative focused on driving sustainable agriculture and natural resource management to support
livelihoods in North Sumatra and Aceh. Nearly 130 representatives from across government, private sector,
financial institutions, and civil society joined CSL’s initial supporting partners – including Conservation International(CI), Danone, The Sustainable Trade Initiative (IDH), The Livelihoods Fund, Mars Wrigley Confectionary, Mondelēz
International, PepsiCo, The Forest Trust (TFT), and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) – to explore
and test an important hypothesis: that diverse collaboration through a sustainable landscape approach could
contribute to reducing poverty, driving economic development and improving natural resources management, andby doing so would further help advance government programs and policies as well as contribute to supply chain
sustainability for companies operating in and purchasing products from North Sumatra and Aceh.
Workshop participants heard from government officials on visions for their respective programs and specificregencies, as well as academics and industry experts related to cocoa, coffee, palm oil, rubber, agroforestry andsustainable landscape approaches. Farmer representatives clearly outlined needs and interests of smallholder
producers. Diverse stakeholder panels addressed both tensions and opportunities for alignment and collaboration.
Participants then discussed tangible strategies and next steps during both breakout groups and plenary sessions.

Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods

2Key conclusions drawn from two days of rich discussion include the following:• Between the diverse stakeholders, there is acommon, unifying objective to strengthen farmer
livelihoods and prosperity. Natural resources
are typically not managed sustainably in the faceof poverty. Small farmers depend on agriculture
for their livelihoods and agriculture depends on ahealthy environment. These objectives are mutuallydependent. Furthermore, communities, and the
supply chains that originate in these communities,
are more vulnerable to floods and other natural
disasters when resources such as forests are not
managed sustainably.
• Solutions must be built with government.
Government has responsibility for critical resource
management and allocation. Initiatives such as
CSL should align with and support government
programs and policies (e.g. the National Action
Plan for Sustainable Palm Oil, ISPO, the National
Strategic Tourism Designation for Lake Toba) andreinforce compliance with legal frameworks. Thisalignment will contribute to more lasting outcomes
and is essential to achieving scale beyond individual
landscape or supply chain projects.
• The role of government is vital, but government willneed partners and investment. Issues discussed
in the workshop are difficult and complex. Creative
partnerships and collaborations will be needed
to help build government capacity and generate
investments needed to ensure government officials,
especially at local levels, can fulfill their roles
effectively.

• Solutions are not short-term and progress will not
follow a linear path. The issues, challenges andopportunities discussed in the workshop are complex
and will not be solved quickly. We must accelerate
investment and effort if we are going to makedesired progress, and we should not be surprised bychallenges when they arise, but should focus on how
to use the new collaboration that the CSL represents
to overcome those challenges.
• Leadership, creativity and investment is needed.
If the solutions were easy, they would havealready been found. We need courage to try new
approaches and new collaborations and we needcreativity and persistence to unlock the financing
needed to drive progress at scale. To move forward,
the CSL will need participants to make appropriate
commitments to drive progress. For off-takers,
this may mean committing volumes to suppliers
and regencies that are making tangible progress.
Suppliers in turn would be expected to partner
effectively with upstream farmer-suppliers and local
stakeholders.
• There is a strong and widespread desire acrosssectors to collaborate to drive tangible progressin North Sumatra and Aceh. While details of the
Coalition have yet to be defined and many questions
remain, there was a clear and tangible spirit ofcollaboration and good will expressed by workshop
participants and clear value in the combined “bottomup + top-down” approach.

• There are tensions and conflicting desires thatneed to be balanced: some workshop participants
want broad and comprehensive approaches, others
want to start with quick and practical pilot project inspecific places; some want to move fast, but lasting
solutions require a broad range of partners andstakeholders; we want to create a broad movementwith lots of stakeholders to achieve scale, yet themost committed stakeholders are needed to getstarted and move quickly. The CSL can provide
a platform to manage these tensions by bringing
stakeholders together to focus on shared objectives
to move forward together.

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This workshop was only a first modest step in the development of the CSL. However, it was significant andimportant because the highly diverse and numerous participants clearly acknowledged that their interests andorganizational objectives, while diverse, are also closely linked to the well-being and economic vitality of farmers
and producers. Workshop participants also clearly indicated a willingness and desire to work constructively
together towards common objectives with an aim to drive measurable progress in specific places. No one wants
another “forum for dialogue”. Rather, participants expressed desire for dialogue and collaboration that leads toreal progress in real places. Participants saw value in the CSL’s multi-commodity approach and focus on drivingalignment and collaboration between government, private sector and civil society initiatives thereby helping
achieve desired impact, scale and longevity of investments. For the private sector, the approach directly targets key
enabling conditions necessary to achieve sustainable sourcing commitments.

NEXT STEPS
Participants expressed interest to come together again in a workshop in 2019 with the aim of further defining
workplans for the landscape level pilots, developing plans for growth and expansion of the CSL beyond initial
pilots, and further defining the structure and governance models for the CSL moving forward. Specific next steps
include:1. Stakeholder update meeting: On behalf of the initial supporting organizations¹, Conservation International
will organize a meeting on Monday, November 12 at 5 PM for any workshop participants and other interested
stakeholders that are attending the RSPO Conference in Kota Kinabalu. Invitations with location details will beshared closer to the event. Notes from this meeting will be shared with all workshop participants afterwards as
stakeholders not directly involved in the palm oil sector are unlikely to be present at the RSPO event.
2. Establishment of working groups to further develop specific workplans and structure of the CSL: Working
groups will be formed to develop recommendations in response to key questions raised during the Medanworkshop. Recommendations developed by these working groups will provide the content for further review
and development at the next CSL workshop in 2019. Working groups will be organized around the following
questions:• Working Group 1: What are the specific action plans for CSL regency level pilot initiatives? These
action plans should detail actions to be taken, timelines, expected outputs and estimated financial needs.
Draft action plans will build upon initial breakout group discussions at the workshop (Appendices V andVI) and will be used to engage potential partners and investors in advance of the 2019 workshop. CI willlead coordination with the government of Tapanuli Selatan and IDH with Aceh Tamiang and Aceh Timur todevelop these draft workplans.
• Working Group 2: How will the CSL define success? What are commonly agreed indicators and metrics
that could be used to evaluate the progress of CSL related initiatives and what tools or methodologies are
best suited to establish baseline conditions and track progress?
• Working Group 3: How will the CSL grow and expand beyond the initial regency level pilots? This will
require agreement on criteria for evaluating opportunities for expansion as well as further considerationof how the CSL should best grow: should it expand through greater collaboration with other existing
initiatives, should it start new initiatives, or should it do both? What is the process for doing so?
• Working Group 4: How do interested organizations “join” the CSL? This will require consideration of
governance models including defining expectations for CSL participants or members, assessing mostappropriate institutions to lead different components of CSL, and ensuring the central role of government
and linkage to government programs and priorities as agreed in the workshop.
¹ Conservation International, Danone, IDH, The Livelihoods Fund, Mars Wrigley Confectionary, Mondelēz
International, PepsiCo, The Forest Trust and UNDP
Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods

43. Organization of a second workshop targeted in 2019. This second workshop would provide an opportunity forstakeholders to review progress and recommendations developed by the working groups, provide input andfurther define the structure and workplans of CSL for the year ahead. The workshop will be held in North Sumatraor Aceh.
Further details of the Medan workshop including key points and outputs from different sessions are captured in thereport below.

BACKGROUND
The Indonesian provinces of North Sumatra and Aceh
are important production regions for key commodities
such as palm oil, rubber, cocoa, coffee, and timber.
Production of these crops supports thousands ofsmallholder farmers and represents a critical componentof the regional economy. Both provinces containsignificant areas of natural forest, providing a hometo threatened species as well as securing essential
ecosystem services, such as flood risk mitigation,that are important to human well-being. Because of
the importance of this region, there are numerous
government, private sector, and civil society initiatives
aiming to advance economic, social, and environmental
sustainability in both provinces. Many of these initiatives
have achieved important successes, but there remain
important gaps and many other initiatives are notaligned and not achieving scale or their desired impacts.
The initial partners supporting the CSL believe thatimportant livelihood and development gains could beachieved in North Sumatra and Aceh by improving
smallholder productivity of cocoa, coffee, oil palm andother crops. A sustainable landscape approach thatconsiders the economic, social, and environmental
context of a specific district or province can address© TORY READ

Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods

challenges noted above in an integrated manner thataims to reduce poverty, drive economic development,
and improve natural resources management. This
integrated landscape approach can help advancecommon objectives shared by government, civilsociety, and private sector and can directly contributeto advancement and implementation of government
programs and priorities such as ISPO and the National
Action Plan for Sustainable Palm Oil.
However, the initial partners also recognize that
implementing a successful sustainable landscapeinitiative requires alignment of multiple sets of actors
and actions. It cannot be a top-down initiative or
purely driven by supply chain actors in one sector.
Furthermore, achieving long-term success and scaling
beyond pilots requires direct and active engagement
and leadership by appropriate government officials.
This initial workshop in Medan was intended to test
the assumptions behind the CSL, assess stakeholderinterest in building an initiative to work both “bottomup” and “top-down”, and to identify a path forward forcollective action. Specific details on the workshop are
below.

© TORY READ

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OBJECTIVES
Objectives of the CSL workshop were to:
1. Identify common interests and shared outcomes that government, civil society, indigenous peoples, and private
sector seek in North Sumatra and Aceh related to sustainable agriculture, inclusion of smallholders in markets,
economic development, and improved management of forests and other natural resources.
2. Explore and define the potential role of the CSL as a mechanism to work collectively together to achievecommon these interests.
3. Define the roles of key stakeholders within the CSL to advance shared objectives and outcomes.
4. Build a joint workplan to guide the first 1 – 3 years of the CSL with specific activities focused in target regencies.

WORKSHOP STRUCTURE AND OUTPUTS
The two-day workshop was designed to both provide context and to engage with participants through a
combination of speaker presentations, panel discussions, and smaller group breakout sessions. Plenary sessions
were also held, providing individuals with the opportunity to engage through pointed questions and responses
with all participants. Feedback and questions throughout the workshop were captured on notecards, shared during
plenary sessions, and have been documented (see Appendix IV) to integrate into future actions and development
planning. Below is a general overview of the agenda with a summary of outputs and conclusions reachedthroughout the two days. The complete, detailed agenda from the workshop can be found in Annex 1.
DAY 1: The focus of the first day was to establish a common level of understanding of issues and challenges
related to sustainable development and use of natural resources. The agenda provided an opportunity to discuss
stakeholder interests, test assumptions around shared interests, build alignment of objectives, and explore thepotential value of agroforestry systems and a sustainable landscape approach as means of advancing multiple
stakeholder objectives.
Day 1: Morning• Opening Session: Participants were welcomed by the government of North Sumatra and an opening presentationfrom the Director of Social Forestry Business Development, DG Social Forestry about the opportunities to develop
community-based agroforestry under the social forestry scheme.
• Session 1: Opportunities to advance sustainable agriculture through sustainable landscape approaches.
Speaker presentation discussed the inclusion of smallholders in markets, economic development, and improved
management of natural resources through sustainable landscape approaches.
• Session 2: Stakeholder Reactions. Cross-sector panel discussion to explored where different stakeholders see
their needs and interests being addressed through sustainable landscape approaches.
• Session 3: Exploring Connections + Synergies with Government Programs & Market Needs. Cross-sector panel
discussion defined linkages to programs, commitments and objectives of government, private sector, and civilsociety.
• Session 4: Facilitated Discussion: Participants were asked to reflect upon discussions of the morning to identify
common themes, challenges, and objectives related to sustainable agriculture and management of natural
resources.

Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods

6Key points of discussion and outputs from Day 1: Morning
A key question was raised in the first panel: Why are foreigners needed to solve Indonesia’s challenges andproblems? This question drove an important discussion that lead to several conclusions:• For Indonesia, by Indonesia - To be successful,
the CSL should be managed by Indonesians forIndonesians.
• Government is critical - Government needs to bea central actor in the CSL because many of the
key challenges discussed relate to government
responsibilities.
• Mutual dependency - High value crops producedin North Sumatra and Aceh are purchased byinternational buyers. There is therefore a mutual
dependency between international commodity
buyers and producers and opportunity for both towork together towards common objectives.
• Need to find balance between “top-down and“bottom-up” solutions - Neither approach will
succeed in isolation - CSL should seek to create
appropriate linkages between “bottom-up” locallydriven initiatives/solutions and “top down” initiatives
and investments through supply chains, investment
funds and similar programs.
• Effective collaboration can occur between
stakeholders with different interests andobjectives, as long as there is overlap – There isvalue in CSL bringing together diverse stakeholders
from across local, national, international levels.
These stakeholders each bring different interests,
presenting both opportunities and challenges.
Having different objectives is not a problem as longas we identify where those interests overlap.

• Strengthening farmer livelihoods and prosperity
is an objective shared by all participants- Participants agreed on the importance ofstrengthening farmer livelihoods as a shared corecommon objective. Farmer livelihoods, sustainableagriculture, supply chain stability, and environmental
health are related and mutually dependent.
• Small-holder farmers face diverse and important
challenges – Small-holder farmers lack access tocritical resources and inputs necessary to reducepoverty and drive sustainable development.
• Need to build trust - Trust and effective
communication is essential for cross-sectoralcollaboration to work effectively. The CSL
can provide a platform for trust building andcommunication.
• Government faces important capacity and funding
constraints - Government has a central role insupporting farmers, facilitating economic growthand development, and ensuring sustainable use andmanagement of natural resources, but has critical
capacity gaps.
• CSL can help drive alignment - The CSL shouldalign with government priorities and programs
such as ISPO and FOKSBI for palm sector andrelated complementary initiatives such as Lake
Toba’s designation as a National Strategic Tourism
Destination.

DAY 1: Afternoon
Afternoon sessions transition theme towards landscape action.
• Session 5: Overview and Discussion of a Sustainable Landscape Framework. Presentation and discussionof a framework for sustainable landscape approaches from Conservation International aimed at advancing
economic, social, and environmental outcomes in North Sumatra and Aceh. Table discussions refined andbuilt out the framework.
• Session 6: The role of agroforestry as a sustainability solution in palm oil producing landscapes.
Presentation and discussion session led by World Agroforestry Center outlined potential benefits ofdiversified agroforestry systems as a complement to oil palm cultivation in support of landscape sustainability.
Presentation followed by table discussions captured questions, input, and experiences from participants.

Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods

7Key points of discussion and outputs from Day 1: Afternoon• Sustainable landscape approach can help balance
multiple objectives - Sustainable landscapeapproaches include consideration of production
systems, management of natural capital, governanceand inclusion and equity for local peoples. They
can provide a useful framework for advancing
multiple objectives including smallholder livelihoods,
conservation, and economic development.
• Landscape approaches can support government
objectives - Implementation of sustainable landscapeapproaches can help advance implementation of
government programs and regulations such as
Presidential Regulation #13/2012.
• There are significant opportunities to improve
livelihoods through sustainable intensification –Increasing productivity in existing farming areas,
especially smallholder farms, would benefit farmers
and the wider sector and avoid conflict associatedwith farm expansion.
• Need to find farming systems that balance income
and volatility at the farm level - Diversification ofsmallholder production systems through agroforestry
models can reduce risk to smallholders from market
and prices volatility, but may also offer lower returns

Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods

during peak years compared to mono-culture
systems.
• Need to find the right balance between different
land-uses such as mono-culture plantations anddiversified agroforestry systems at the landscapelevel - Agroforestry could be a valuable complementto oil palm with potential to improve ecologicalproductivity and reduce financial risks from relianceon monoculture palm oil land in the landscape.
• There are important research gaps and questions
regarding diversified agroforestry systems –Optimal agroforestry approaches can be very site
specific and additional research is needed within
the Indonesian context especially with regard toproviding economic benefits similar to oil palm.
• Need to balance the desire to be comprehensive inthe landscape, with the ability to start with practicalactions in specific commodity sectors – There isstrong support for the idea of a “multi-commodity”
approach that addresses multiple farming systems
with the landscape, but also a recognition of the riskof trying to do too much at once and failing due tocomplexity. The CSL needs to manage and balance
this tension.

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DAY 2: The focus of the second day was to build on the alignment achieved on day one and encourage
participants to establish a common vision for success in specific landscapes and supply chains and to identify thenecessary actors, actions, and targets necessary to develop pilot initiatives in these landscapes. Participants werealso asked to contribute thoughts related to a common vision for CSL and consider short-term governance models
to advance the CSL.
Day 2: Morning• Session 1: Profiles of Featured Regencies in North Sumatra and Aceh Tamiang + Aceh Timur. Local government
representatives set the stage for detailed discussions using presentations outlining the development challenges
and opportunities for their regencies alongside their vision for sustainable development.
• Session 2: Concurrent Breakout Sessions by Regency – Tapanuli Selatan and Aceh Tamiang + Aceh Timur.
Reaching alignment around development visions for each regency. Break out groups used information fromprevious presentations, discussions, and existing knowledge of landscape projects and/or production systems togenerate aligned visions and priority actions for long-term sustainable success within their regency as well as for
CSL overall. Discussions focused on the potential to establish pilot initiatives in these regencies that could serve
as models for replication and scaling through the CSL.
• Session 3: Plenary Report back from groups. Each breakout group reported back on key findings/agreements,
shifting focus to identify common themes and needs to guide future work of the Coalition. See Appendix IV and V
for key points from the Tapanuli Selatan and Aceh Timur + Aceh Tamiang breakout sessions.
Key points of discussion and outputs from Day 2: Morning• Local governments have a clear vision - Regency
officials have positive development visions thatreflect economic, social and environmental themes
as well as commitments towards green supply chain
jurisdictions.

• Need to balance short-term need for “quick wins”
with longer term view - Participants want long-term
solutions, but also feel the need to get started withspecific and tangible actions. CSL needs to manage
this tension.

• Common themes and challenges exist, but
solutions will be local - There are similarities
between the regencies from both North Sumatra
and Aceh including the importance of common
crops such as palm oil, cocoa and coffee, common
challenges related to smallholder development andcapacity gaps, as well as common risks from natural
disasters such as floods and landslide. There arealso unique site-specific issues such as community
conflict with elephants. Action plans need to be
tailored to the needs and realities of the regency andstakeholders within.

• Pilot projects in key regencies can help
demonstrate progress, test solutions and build
models - Initiatives being developed in the 3 initial
regencies can serve as pilots for the larger CSL bytesting and demonstrating approaches, building
frameworks and tools that can inform the growth of
the CSL.

• Good work and collaboration is already happening
and should be supported and built upon - Cases
presented provide a good illustration of initiatives
where government, private sector and civil society
are already working towards common objectives.

Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods• The CSL will be larger than the initial pilots. A key
objective of the larger CSL is to define strategies andapproaches for replicating and scaling impact acrossboth provinces beyond the initial pilots.
• More thinking on expansion plans is needed - Theprocess and plan for expanding beyond these initial
pilots needs to be defined.

9Day 2: Afternoon• Session 4: Driving progress through collaboration – How should the Coalition work? Plenary session provided
an opportunity for group discuss and gathered input on the role of the Coalition going forward in supporting
landscape-level initiatives in target regencies and scaling beyond those initial pilots. Participants also discussed
initial structural and governance models to advance the CSL in the immediate term.
Key points of discussion and outputs from Day 2: Afternoon• The CSL can/should operate at two levels:
1. It can help advance specific initiatives and pilots in target
regencies.
2. It can also serve as a “network” or “movement” toencourage and drive expansion and scaling of those initial
regency level initiatives through replication and policy. At
this level, the CSL provides a valuable platform foralignment, communication and learning.

• Interim leadership required to keep progress moving The CSL can be facilitated or coordinated by civil society
partners in the short-term, but should be closely alignedwith government initiatives and leadership. Coordinators
were identified for each province to advance the CSL until
longer-term governance models are defined: CI will serve
as lead coordinator for North Sumatra and IDH will playthis role for Aceh.

• Government has a central and critical role in advancing
key initiatives and priorities.

• Longer-term governance models need to be defined- A priority objective for 2019 is defining longer-term
governance model in the appropriate Indonesian entities.

APPENDICES
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.

Workshop Agenda
List of Participating Organizations
Presentations
Comments from Participants
Additional Information on Aceh
Additional Information on North Sumatra
Media summary
Points of Contact & links to CSL FAQ

Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods

10Appendix I. Workshop Agenda

Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods

11Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods

12Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods

13Appendix II. CSL Workshop Participating
Organizations• GAPKI Sumut• PT Semadam• HAKA• PT SMART tbk• ICRAF• PTPN III• IDH• PurProjet

• IFC

• RA

• IOI Group• SNV• KEHATI• SOCP• Aceh Timur District Bupati• Lestari Capital• Aceh Timur District Head ofBappeda• Livelihoods Ventures• South Tapanuli Regent AssistantII• LSM ACEH

• South Tapanuli Regent of District• Aceh Timur District Plantation
Agency• LTKL• Starbucks Farmer Support Centre• Madina District Planning Kab.
Mandailing Natal• TFA/IBCSD• Mars• Transitions• MIB• UNDP• ANJ• Ministry of Environment andForestry• Unilever• Apkasindo• Musim Mas• Apkasindo Aceh (Palm oil farmer
association)• Wilmar• Neste Oil• World Bank

• North Sumatra Department ofEnvironment• World Bank - IBRD

• Cargill• North Tapanuli Department ofAgriculture• WWF Aceh

• CI

• North Tapanuli Secretary• WWF-Indonesia• CLUA• P&G• Yagasu• Danone• Pepsico• YOSL - OK

• DFI

• Pesada Medan• DFID• ProForest• Disbun SUMUT• PSL USU

• DLH Tapsel• PT Bahruny• FoKSBI Sumut• PT Indo Cafco• Forum Kakao Aceh

• PT Makmur Intl

• Aceh Agriculture and Plantation
Agency• Aceh Forest and Environment
Agency• Aceh Green Community• Aceh Tamiang District Bupati• Aceh Tamiang District Plantation
Agency• Aceh Timur District Regional
Assistant II• Aceh Timur District Secretary• AMAN Tano Batak• ASPPUK• Bakrie

• TFT

• USU

• WRI

• Forum Konservasi Leuser

Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods

14Appendix III. CSL Workshop Presentations
DAY 1• Dr. Ir. Binsar Situmorang, M.Si MAP, North Sumatra Department of Environment• Mr. Herudojo, Director of Social Forestry Business Development, Ministry of Environment and Forestry• Diana Chaiil, University of North Sumatra• John Buchanan and Nassat Idris, Conservation International• Dr. Suyanto, ICRAF
DAY 2• Bapak Syahrul Pasaribu, Regent of District, Tapanuli Selatan• Bapak Adi Darma, Head of Bappeda• Bapak Dr Darmawan, Head of Bappeda• Mr. Geetha Govindan K. Gopalakrishnan, Austindo Nusantara Jaya (ANJ)• Tapanuli Selatan Breakout Group Report Back
• Aceh Breakout Group Report Back

Appendix IV. Comments from Participants
During Day 1 of the workshop, participants had the opportunity to provide comments, reflections, and feedback
during each session on a post-it notes and place it on the “Hall of Fame” wall. This feedback, captured below, will
be used to further guide and build the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods.
Sessions 1 and 2:• Establishment of the coalition of sustainable livelihoods is important as a learning forum for multistakeholders
to learn each other and then to develop a concerted program for nature protection and people welfare. Let’scollaborate and work well.
• Agreeing with the equal distribution of role and responsibilities among stakeholders. Everybody should make amove. Nobody should be passive in this coalition.
• What is the role of foreigners in advancing independent smallholders?
• What is the role of central government in synchronizing these kinds of initiatives and programs?
• There should be identification of what can encourage the independent smallholders to adopt good agricultural
practices.
• Productivity of land can be achieved through training on pest control in coffee plantation and on how to makecompost• Need ibu Diana’s advice on including gambir as possible commodity to be developed. Need assistance for 250
farmers in Pakpak Barat

Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods15• How to identify basic needs of community, not what the community wants, through sustainable landscape?
• In establishing such coalition, we need to do: data sharing, trust building, value creation and info sharing on what
is going on now• What if we agree on point of contact with Aceh and North Sumatera government and the coalition so that we
accelerate mutual exchange of ideas/solutions• The coalition also needs to pay attention to coffee in Tapanuli Selatan
Sessions 3 and 4:• Will the government (either central or regional) be able to publish boundary maps showing the owners’
concession and this particular area can be monitored?
• What if we expand our thinking to non-agricultural livelihoods so that we give greater choice of livelihood tocommunities?
• Identification of supply chain of strategic commodities by government, communities, private sector and otherstakeholders. The government plays an important role in regulation framework and putting these action plan into
the planning documents such as RPJMD, RTRW, APBD, KLHS, RENSTRA and others.
• Opening up and communicate to each other in finding common best practices for future program’s reference• Government shall accommodate all different stakeholders and play leading role in these initiatives• Role of stakeholders should be defined in the coalition/landscape. Building capacity of smallholders to ensure
they apply good agricultural practices needs to be done. Donor should be encouraged to take part in thisinitiative.
• We need a platform for all actors to discuss issues• The government should play a role in dealing with the conflicting regulations, with the regulations that do notsupport sustainability and in enforcing non-compliance• Building trust – by having an open and positive dialogue. Ask what Acehnese need – match/adapt with theexisting programs offered• The government should play a role in: coordinating all stakeholders and initiatives and providing regulatory
framework which supports sustainability• The government should match the economic drivers (SME, farmers) from the region with market• Common vision becomes important in coalition. There should be identification of stakeholders and theirprograms. The stakeholders need to be open, inclusive and not suspicious each other. Need to work crosscommodities. Better understanding on productions in landscapes.
• Communities want to meet their basic needs. NGOs would like to see the conservation. Companies would liketo get profits. These are different interests. It is reasonable to sit together to discuss to reach agreement andcompromise on these interests. Need to work together.
• The government needs to monitor sustainability initiatives and become pioneers of them. The government also
needs to improve its coordinating role in all programs, formulate incentives for those who implement sustainable
practices and improve capacity of the government officials.
• The government needs to synchronize all regulations

Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods

16Session 5:• How to fill the gaps of missing capacity for downstream operation on local strategic commodities (including social
forestry)?
• The main target of sustainable livelihoods should be for the community welfare. It is a big issue for the farmers of
rubber in Madina district. It is hard to get access to information and finance.
Session 6:• Why is there so little research agroforestry in palm, especially with smallholders?
Wrapping up and next steps:• What’s the next step and follow up? How do we engage parties beyond the coalition?
• 3 main questions (what is our objectives, where are we working, who will be involved)?

Appendix V. Additional Information on Aceh
On Day 2 of the workshop, two landscapes, North Sumatra (with a focus on Tapanuli Selatan) and Aceh (witha focus on Aceh Tamiang and Aceh Timur), were identified as pilot areas for CSL because of existing work &relationships with government but also with the understanding that CSL is not limited to these areas. Breakout
sessions for each landscape were held to build a common vision and initial roadmap for Aceh Tamiang/Timur andTapanuli Selatan. Initial pilots will provide lessons for future adaptation, replication, and scaling in other landscapes.
Common Vision:• Welfare• Prosperity• Justice• Sustainable Economy• Inclusive• Sustainability• High level commitment• Equitable• Self-reliance• Islam-based• Competitive
Strategic Sectors Identified:
1. Plantation (oil palm, rubber, cacao, other spice such as pepper and galangal)
2. Livestock
3. Freshwater fishery
4. Tourism
5. Basic infrastructure (road, water, energy)

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17

Short term targets and next steps identified in the Aceh landscape include:• Zoning for land governance to support strategic sectors• Baseline assessment• Identification of infrastructure map and supporting logistics for strategic sectors• Identification of supply chain and market intelligence for the strategic sectors• Development of spatial and socioeconomic data as well as the organization of smallholders• Regulation (including on licensing) review and identification to support strategic sector• Opportunity identification to use social forestry and agrarian reform approach.
• Establishing team for joint mapping and survey on spatial, socio-economic and smallholders organizations
involving multistakeholders• Identification of the existing program and data and its integration into database that is managed and hosted byAceh government• Preparing recommendations for revising the current spatial planning and other planning documents with thespecific targets of strategic sectors.
Long-term actions and follow up steps identified (2018-2022):• Defining specific target for development of each strategic sector and commodity (including production volume,
increase in regional and community income and increase in size of protected forests/area)• Identifying strategies of improvement of strategic commodities for farmers and smallholders• Identifying readiness and strategies of different stakeholders involvement in the supply chain of strategic sector/
commodities• Developing sustainability standards to improve competitiveness of commodities from Aceh Tamiang and Aceh
Timur
• Identifying possibilities of livelihoods beyond production (eg, nursery, environmental services etc)
• Developing strategies of investment in processing and down-streaming strategic sectors

Appendix VI. Additional Information on North
Sumatra
The North Sumatra landscape discussion focused on Tapanuli Selatan (Tapsel) as a pilot area for CSL because it
represents priority commodities, contains important environmental values, and existing institutional partnerships
and initiatives (i.e. Foksbi platform already established at the district level to guide local implementation of ISPO
and NAP).
The Tapanuli Selatan discussion built around the concept of integrated “cluster” development. Five priority clusters
have been identified within the regency. For each regency, officials identified priority crops and commodities fordevelopment and estimated forest areas to be conserved or restored in these areas. The clusters represent an
opportunity to link landscape scale activities directly to supply chain initiatives.

Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods

18Strategic Commodities Identified:
1. Coffee
2. Cocoa
3. Aren (palm sugar)
4. Organic rice
5. Palm oil
6. Salak fruit
7. Rubber
Additional issues raised/discussed:• The Ijon system (upfront off-taker payment) in the traditional supply chain of oil palm has been regulated throughgovernor regulation, although it is recognized that this system does not put smallholders in a good position to
bargain.
• Interrelatedness of districts should be based on the watershed area (i.e., if forests in Tapanuli Utara are degraded,
there will be big floods downstream in Tapsel and Tapanuli Tengah. Water-based power generation in theboundary of Tapsel and TapUt should be considered in calculating water supply for strategic commodities.
• Coordination with different landscape actors is essential.
• Planning cycles should align with government budgetary cycles.

Short term targets and next steps identified in the Tapanuli Selatan landscape include:• Strengthening institutions• Identifying issues and priorities• Understanding more regulations and encouraging the government to issue regulations which support
sustainability• Supporting district level platforms (and province too)
• Aligning perceptions around sustainability and a landscape approach• Getting buyers to commit to purchase the strategic commodities• Environmental management (hydrology, ecosystem etc)
• Identifying smallholders and providing relevant trainings as needed• Strengthening local economy• ISPO certification

Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods

19Appendix VII. Media Summary
MEDIA COVERAGE REPORT
Planning Workshop to Establish Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods“COLLABORATION AND COMMITMENT TO ALIGN THE CONSERVATIONAND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NORTH SUMATERA AND ACEH”
19-20 September 2018, Medan, Indonesia

Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods

20Appendix VIII. Points of Contact
North Sumatra Contacts:
Nassat Idris
nidris@conservation.org
Bharaty Sai
bharaty@conservation.org
Aceh Contacts:
Riswanriswan@idhtrade.org
Zakki Hakim
hakim@idhtrade.org

International Contacts:
John Buchananjbuchanan@conservation.org
Jessica Furmanski
jfurmanski@conservation.org
Materials and Additional Information Contact:
Katie Thomason
kthomason@conservation.org*Points of contact related to working groups, sectors, etc. will continue to be identified in the near future. If
anyone is interested in being a point of contact for CSL or for either landscape, please contact Jessica Furmanski( jfurmanski@conservation.org).

Building the Coalition for Sustainable Livelihoods

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