System Integration and Technical Readinessfor FRIB Accelerator Commissioning
Hiroyuki Ao
On Behalf of FRIB Accelerator Team & Collaboration
The 19th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society ofJapan, October 21, 2022

This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan
State University. Michigan State University designs and establishes FRIB as a DOE Office of Science National User Facility in support of the mission of the Office of Nuclear Physics.

Outline Introduction
 Phased installation and commissioning
 Lessons learned
 SummaryH. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 2

Facility for Rare Isotope Beams
Completed 14-year Project in 2022
 FRIB Project constructs a $730 million nationaluser facility funded by the U.S. Department ofEnergy Office of Science (DOE-SC), Michigan
State University, and the State of Michigan

 Driver Linac key feature is
400 kW beam power for allions (8 p𝜇A or 5x1013
238U/s) > 200 MeV/u(upgradable to 400 MeV/u)
 Separation of isotopes
in-flight provides• Fast development timefor any isotope• Beams of all elements
and short half-lives• Fast, stopped, andreaccelerated beams
H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 3

System Integration andPhased Installation/Commissioning Pursed phased approach toinstall and commission inparallel (ARR1 – 7)

Existing NSCL*2

 Three steps of accelerator
system integration
1. Installation of beamlinecomponents
2. Device Readiness Review(DRR)76» Integrated system testing – e.g.
Cool down, RF commissioning

3. Accelerator Readiness
Review (ARR*1)» Beam commissioning

532 1
4

*1 Must be held per DOE O 420.2C

Key Performance Parameters (KPP) at CD-4••

36Ar beam with energy larger than 200 MeV/u and a beam current larger than 20 pnA
86Kr beam to produce 84Se by fragmentation. Detect and identify 84Se in fragment separator*2 National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory
H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 4

Front End
Installation 2015-, Beam Commissioning 2017 ARTEMIS*1 14 GHz Electron
Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion
source• Used to commisson FRIBARTEMISHV Platform VENUS*2 high power 28 GHz SC
ECR (LBNL) 80.5 MHz RFQ – beam energy 0.5
MeV/u*1 Advanced Room TEMperature Ion Source*2 Versatile Ecr ion source for NUclear ScienceVENUS
HV Platform (2020-)

LEBT
VerticalBeam LineMEBTRFQ

H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 5

Beam Commissioning – ARR1
 The viewer after the MEBT 45 deg. bend
is used to measure beam energy, energy
spread, and beam profile

UpperLEBT Bending magnet current is within 0.75%
of predicted value The straight ahead FC and the FC after
bend read same current
Beam Viewer Image
40Ar9+, E=500 keV/uBeam Viewer Image
86Kr17+, E=500 keV/u

MEBT
VerticalLEBTRFQARR1MEBT viewer locatedafter the 45 deg. bend
LowerLEBT(Viewer light is on)(Viewer light is off)

Phase

Commissioning Goals

DateARR1• Accelerate Ar and Kr to 0.5 MeV/u• Generate Ar and Kr beam with > 25 eμA• Generate pulsed beam with chopper in LEBT

7/2017

H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 6

Linac and Folding Segments
Installation 2016-, Beam Commissioning 2018 Designed, constructed, tested, installed and commissioned 46
cryomodules and 4 superconducting dipole magnets

FRIB has 332
SRF cavities
Quarter Wave Cryomodule
Component Counts (baseline + spares)

βType

0.041

Cryomodules

Cavities

Solenoids

accelerating

3+112 + 46+2

accelerating

11 + 188 + 833 + 3matching

1+14+4-accelerating1272

12accelerating

18144

18matching

14-46 + 3

324 + 1669 + 50.085
Half Wave Cryomodule

0.29
0.53
TOTALS

2T Superconducting Dipole Magnets

4H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 7

Preproduction Assembly Sequence (β=0.53)
All 46 Baseline Cryomodules Completed by May 2020C1C2

Completed cold massassembly in clean room

C3

Cold mass assembly transport
to cryomodule assembly area

1

Cold mass ready forbaseplate

2Start baseplate assemblyBaseplate readyfor cold mass

C4

654
3
Cold mass on baseplate

7

Completed cryogenic circuit

8

Tuner valve manifold installation

Thermal shield installation

9

Transport to SRF High Bay

Vessel cover installation

10

Transport into bunker

Transport to FRIB tunnel

H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 8

Cryomodule Installation in Linac Tunnel
Phased Installation and Commissioning for 5 Years Five-year cryomodule installation• First one (1st β=0.085) in 9/2016• Last one (18th β=0.53) in 6/2020

 Post-installation tasks• Alignment, Warm box installation,
Cable termination, Interlock check,
Moving cryomodule Warm box
RF connection etc.
Installation

Cable termination

Cool down Device Readiness Review (DRR)• Ensure beamline devices will safely meet performance requirements in prior to cool
down and RF energization• Linac Segments ready for beam were reported to DOE as a level 2 milestone
Blue: cool down
Red: ready for RF commissioning

8/2018

11/20209/20185/2018

1/2021

11/2018-1/2019

5/2018FRIB has 332
SRF cavities

9/2019-12/2019
8/20196/201910/2019

11/2019

H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 9

Beam Commissioning – ARR2 to 5

Became World’s Highest Energy CW Hadron Linac

LS1

Phase

Commissioning Goals

Date

ARR2

• Accelerate Ar and Kr > 1.46 MeV/u• Demonstrate RF phase and amplitude tuning of second
buncher in MEBT

5/2018

ARR3• Accelerate Ar and Kr > 16 MeV/u• Charge stripping and selection of one charge state2/2019ARR4• Accelerate Ar and Kr > 140 MeV/u(Ar accelerated to 204 MeV/u)

3/2020

ARR5• Accelerate Kr > 200 MeV/u(Ar accelerated > 200 MeV/u at ARR04)

4/2021LS3

 Other achievements• Beam commissioning with lithium stripper (4/2021)

LS2

532

1
4

H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 10

Liquid Lithium Charge Stripper
Demonstrated with Ar, Xe and U beams
 Tested with 17 and 20 MeV/u Ar, Xe andU beams
 Tested with 10 pA pulsed argon beam
• Average beam power was limited by 500 Wbeam dump after LS1

 The film thickness measured by scanningthe film position across the ion beam
• 1 mg/cm2 for Xe and Ar beams• 1.4 mg/cm2 for U
Li film thickness

Charge distribution

BeamLithium Stripper

Carbon Stripper

T. Kanemura, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 212301 (2022)
H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 11

Target Hall and Fragment Separator
Installation 2016-, Beam Commissioning 2021Target Hall

Vertical Pre-separator

VerticalPreseparator
Target Hall

TargetBeam Dump

Wedge

H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 12

Beam Commissioning – ARR6 and 7
Demonstrated Key Performance Parameters (KPP)
Phase

Commissioning Goals

Date

ARR6

• Deliver Kr beam to the target• Produce, separate, and identify 84Se isotopes

12/2021

ARR7• Deliver Ar beam to the ARIS focal plane

1/2022On 17:46, 11 December, 2021, 84Se isotopes
were produced

Figure 2. Screenshot of the beam images on the target (left) and DB5 (right) viewers.

H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 13
Figure 3. Beam distribution on the target (left) and DB5 viewers (right). The root mean square (rms)Lessons Learned for System Integration
Scaling up – from Small to Larger System

 Prototype, Testing, and Validation• Cryomodule Test Bunker (ReA6 and SRF)
• ReA6 bunker was set up first to validate a
FRIB prototype CM gave us a good
opportunity to realize a prototype of theintegrated FRIB accelerator system• Completed FRIB CMs undergo full system
testing in bunkers before being acceptedand delivered to the tunnel. This validation
process minimized technical issues in thetunnel

ReA6bunker

Cryomodule
assemblyarea

SRF
cleanroom
SRFbunker

FRIB Linac Scaling up: Small to Larger System• Phased commissioning plan allows us tostart with small system and scale up tolarger• At ARR3 β=0.085 QWRs commissioning
proceeded at a rate of approximately 1 CMper dayPhaseCryomodules

ARR2
ARR3
ARR4
ARR5

β=0.041 (1-3)+ β=0.085 (4-15)+ β=0.29, 0.53 (16-39)+ β=0.53 (40-47)

CavitySolenoid(in FRIB total)
12610439272
63324
69

H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 14

FRIB Heavy Ion Linac Joining the Proton
Beam Power Front like SNS and J-PARC During the past decade,proton accelerators raised
beam power to ~1 MW• SNS (USA): 1.4 MW pulsed;
SRF linac/accumulator• J-PARC (Japan): 1 MW
pulsed; warm linac/RCS• PSI (Switerland): 1.4 MWCW; cycrotron

 FRIB provided RI beams forthe first experiment in5/2022• Primary beam: 1 kW of 48Ca
• RI beams: 42Si FRIB just starts over 6 years
planned power ramp up to400 kW
H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 15

FRIB Built with Collaboration Including theBest in US and Worldwide Laboratories
 Argonne National Laboratory• Liquid lithium charge stripper;
stopping of ions in gas; fragment
separator design; beam dynamics; SRF

 Brookhaven NationalLaboratory• Radiation-resistant magnets;
plasma charge stripper
 Fermilab• Diagnostics

 Jefferson Laboratory• Cryogenics; SRF
 Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory• ECR ion source; beam dynamics
 Oak Ridge National Laboratory• Target facility; beam dump R&D;
cryogenic controls
 Stanford National Accelerator Lab• Cryogenics

 Budker Inst. of Nuclear Physics (Russia)• Production target GANIL (France)• Production target
 GSI (Germany)• Production target IMP (China)• Magnets
 INFN Legnaro (Italy)• SRF
 KEK (Japan)• SRF technology; SC solenoid magnets
 RIKEN (Japan)• Charge strippers
 Soreq (Israel)• Production target
 Tsinghua University & CAS (China)• RFQ
 TRIUMF (Canada)• SRF; beam dynamics

 Sandia• Production target

H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 16

Summary FRIB baseline was completed after 14-year project in 2022
 Accomplished phased beamline installation and commissioning over 5years• Demonstrate and validate small system and then extend to more largersystems• Readiness review programs urged system owners to meet schedulemilestones

 Started over 6 years power ramp up to 400 kW

H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 17

Thank You for Your Attention

H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 18

Co-authors
 H. Ao#, B. Arend, N. Bultman, F. Casagrande, S. Cogan, C. Compton,
M. Cortesi, J. Curtin, K. Davidson, K. Elliott, B. Ewert, A. Ganshyn, J.
Gao, T. Glasmacher, Y. Hao, M. Hausmann, K. Holland, M. Ikegami,
D. Jager, S. Jones, N. Joseph, T. Kanemura, S.-H. Kim, M. Larmann,J. LeTourneau, S. Lidia, G. Machicoane, M. Mugerian, P. Manwiller, S.
Miller, D. Morris, P. N. Ostroumov, J. Popielarski, L. Popielarski, J.
Priller, H. Ren, K. Saito, A. Stolz, R. Walker, X. Wang, J. Wei, G. West,T. Xu, Y. Yamazaki, C. Yoonhyuck, Q. Zhao, Facility for Rare Isotope
Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA #E-mail: ao@frib.msu.edu

H. Ao et al., FROA02, 19th Annual Meeting of PASJ, Slide 19