7th International Workshop on Decentralized Domestic Wastewater
Treatment in Asia 1

Challenges for the Spread of
Decentralized Wastewater
Treatment System in Overseas andHiyoshi’s Related Experiences

Etsuko Kawasaki
24th September 2019

ABOUT HIYOSHI - ①
Established
Employees
Head office
BranchesAffiliate

1955
309
Omihachiman, Shiga
Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka
Shonan Analytical Center,
Hiyoshi India Ecological Services Pvt. Ltd (India)
Company Creed
Prosperity by serving the Society
Prosperity by technology

Lake Biwa
Kyoto

Hiyoshi

A company cannot continue to exist without serving society.
Service to society is possible
only through the underpinning of company technology.

Osaka2ABOUT HIYOSHI - ②【Hiyoshi】Business field
Everything starts with “ANALYSIS”,
we provide ONE-STOP service such as infrastructure O&M,
industrial chemical, waste treatment, and consulting.

3

HIYOSHI’S MAIN OVERSEAS
BUSINESS ACTIVITIES
China
1989-Present

Accepting technical trainees from National
Environmental Analysis Testing Center, Hunan
Province. Accepting interns from Peking University,
Tsinghua University and Zhejiang University
2006-Present Import and sales of raw materials for industrial
chemicals from China
2004-2015
Promotional activities and seminars of Dioxin
Monitoring Technologies at Academic
Conferences and Exhibitions
2015-Present Conducting business activities for the licensing ofCalux Bioassay
Malaysia
2011-2014
Accepted interns from UKM UniversityIndia
1995-Present Annually speech contests are held
2004-Present Accepted interns from SRM University, IIT
University, Anna University
The internship program is being continued everyyear.
2007-Present Started Hiyoshi Awards (Environment related)
2011-Present Establishment of subsidiary company
Hiyoshi India Ecological Services Private limited（Environmental Analysis and development of O&M）
2018
JICA Project in Chennai

Korea
2005 Workshop（National Institute for Environmental Studies）
2006 Validation of environmental samples（ NationalInstitute for Environmental Studies ）Laos
2007-2008 World Bank Project for Dioxin and PCM
monitoring
Taiwan2005-2007 Introduced Calux Assay in Cheng Shiu
University of Science and Technology
2008-2010 Research on Blood from Taiwan Institute ofHealth2012-2014, 2017, 2019 Introduced Calux Bioassay in
Taiwan Environmental Protection Department
2012-2017 Introduced Calux Bioassay in Tajen University
Vietnam2002 Vietnam-USA Scientific Conference
2005 Research on soil samples in Vietnam
2005 Research on fish samples in Vietnam
2011 JST-JICA Project(CEM-Soil Research)2012 METI global internship program
2014-2016 The Model Project for improving Water Environment
in Asia by the Ministry of Environment
2015-2016 JICA grassroots technical cooperation project
Thailand2007 Workshop（National Institute of Public Health）
2015 Seminar（King Mongkut’s University of Technology
Thonburi, Kyoto University）
Myanmar2018 JICA grassroots technical cooperation project(participation as a cooperative organization）

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MAJOR ACTIVITIES IN VIETNAM - ①
VIETNAM-USA DIOXINCONFERENCE（2002）

JOINT RESEARCHJOINT RESEARCH WITH
AGREEMENT WITH IET
JICA-JST SATREP,（2014）
CEM （2011）

Aim to establish dioxin analysis as an official method in Vietnam and tostart dioxin analysis using CALUX and O&M business of Wastewater
facility in Vietnam in the future
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MAJOR ACTIVITIES IN VIETNAM - ②
 The Model Projects for Improving
Water Environment in Asia byMOE(2014-2016)
Project for improving the water quality from thewastewater treatment facility and its operation infishery processing factories

 JICA grassroots technicalcooperation project (2014)
Collaborative support for organizing cooperation structure
aiming at aquatic environment improvement in Cat Ba Island

In April 2019 Phase 2 was adopted and will
be implemented in 2020

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MAJOR ACTIVITIES IN INDIASpeech contest, since 1995
Internship, since 2004
Hiyoshi Award, since 2007

Talk your way to Japan
Speech contest

Hiyoshi Award

Hiyoshi India Ecological Services
Pvt. Ltd., since 2011

Internship

Newspaper Article of Speech Contest

Hiyoshi India at TICEL Bio Park Chenai

NABL certificate

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HIYOSHI INDIA’S BUSINESS FIELD
Everything starts with “ANALYSIS”
We provide ONE-STOP service from Analysis
to the Maintenance and Operation ofWastewater treatment plant

Hiyoshi India Ecological Services Private Limited

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TECHNICAL TRAINING IN JAPAN9

ABOUT THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
OF JOHKASOU IN JAPAN

Legal InspectionSpecified inspection
agency will evaluate
installation, Operation andMaintenance byappearance, water quality,and document inspection.
(Neutral inspection by athird party organization)

Visual Inspection
Measure water level in thetank, scum, accumulated
sludge, aeration mixing
condition, returned water

Machine Inspection
Check blowers andsubmersible pumpNight soil
Treatment
Plant

Desludging
Desludging of sludge andscum accumulated, andcleaning auxiliary equipment

Adjusting etc.

Water Quality Inspection
Treated water pH,
transparency, watertemperature, onsite water test
kit, DO

Adjust return water volume, air volume
adjustment, backwashing, supplement ofdisinfectant etc.

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CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING APPROPRIATEOPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
 From the economic point of view, the cost of installation of thefacility and the Operation and Maintenance is expensive.
 It is necessary to develop regulatory standards such as Johkasoulaw.
(In Japan, there are rules on regulatory management law such asJohkasou law and Waste Disposal and Public Cleansing Act) It is necessary to establish an appropriate wastewater treatment
facility according to local economical and environmental conditions.
 It is necessary to establish and find a facility for the treatment ofSludge
 It is necessary to train technicians with certain knowledge and skills.

11FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF OMIHACHIMAN CITY
WHERE HIYOSHI IS LOCATED－ ①
Response plan for appropriate maintenance management（From the Omihachiman City Records present at Hiyoshi）
Issue：From the economic point of view, high cost of installation of the domestic wastewater treatment facility

Period of High growth in population- The need for maintenance of domestic wastewater treatment was soon met in
response to the urban requirements caused by the rural to urban transition due to the increase in population.
・Sewage maintenance is expensive and takes time.
・During that period the treatment of Johkasou was relatively expensive even for high-class residential areas.
・Omihachiman City did not allocate the financial budget for this purpose.

＊ In 1974 it was obligatory for the residential development and construction companies to set up
Johkasou in housing developments.
・Setting up of Common Johkasou for development area where the domestic wastewater volume
generated is from more than 11 houses
・Setting up of Individual Johkasou if the domestic wastewater volume generated is from lessthan 10 houses

RESULT＊Accomplished domestic wastewater treatment system by installing Common Johkasou for 25,000 people in 3years(about 50% of the population of Omihachiman)＊Did not use any financial resources from the city
＊Treatment is processed at an existing Night soil treatment facility and the collection and transportation ofsewage and sludge from Johkasou is carried out by a Company＊Operation and Maintenance cost borne by residents and Communities

12OVERVIEW OF JICA PROJECT SURVEY
IN INDIA13OUTLINE OF THE REMOTE MONITORING
Established 2 of each Network Camera, pH meter, ORP meter, DO metersat 3MLD STP plant at CAAIIUC and collected all devices operation logging
data.
Establishment is not the goal but collecting and analyzing collected data is
the main purpose.
Purpose and benefit■Grasp raw water conditions■Grasp treatment situation■Cancelling transportation time
■Operational instructions from Japan※Solutions for the issues regarding
the training and recruitment ofengineers■Obtain basic information for data analysis■Monitor treatment conditions on time

Service Providing Structure
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EXPERIENCE ACQUIRED THROUGH
THE JICA SURVEY
In Chennai, India, about 1,000 MLD, which is 62% of the total sewage
generated, is left untreated in the rivers and waterways, causing serious
problems.
In addition, the septic tank sludge which is not treated is illegally
dumped into rivers and gutters by vacuum trucks.
In addition there are reports of deaths of workers entering the septictank for cleaning work and the improvement of working conditions andeducation are also issues.
Water pollution has become serious and so safe water can not be
accessed, and this has led to problems with household sanitation.

Requirements

Night soil treatment facility

Established in model districts for “Jhokasou" and "sewage treatment facilities" ofJapan's decentralized wastewater treatment facilities in areas where sewage systems
are not developed, to improve local sanitation, water environment, and livingenvironment.
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FOR AＰＰＲＯＰＲＩＡＴＥOPERATION AND MAINTENANCE IN INDIA
Proposal for the appropriate implementation of the maintenance（ ５０％ Untreated rate of domestic wastewater treatment) Proposal：Not just Sewage Treatment plant but it is also necessary that Johkasou should
be made a part of social infrastructure in the national domestic wastewater treatment plan.

To make thepresent 50%
wastewater
treatment rate ofChennai city to100%

Expansionof Sewage
CommonJohkasou
IndividualJohkasou

・ Expensive cost・ Long term years of maintenance・ Maintenance of sewer pipe (high price / long time)・ Delay and deterioration of the improvement inwater environment

・ Low installation cost・ Short term maintenance・ Improvement of water environment ina short period of time

MERITS OF JOHKASOU＊If Johkasou is installed then it is possible to take measures for domestic wastewater treatment at a low
cost in a shorter period of time as compared to the installation of sewage facilities.
＊It is also possible to improve the water environment in a short period of time.
＊Furthermore, referring to Japanese Johkasou structure standards, India can establish its own “Make inIndia“ Johkasou structure certification", realizing low cost + short term introduction improvement + earlywater environment improvement. It is also possible to train and maintain appropriate level ofmanagement engineers.
16FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF OMIHACHIMAN CITY
WHERE HIYOSHI IS LOCATED－ ②
Design condition

Capacity：100m3/d
Inflow water quality：BOD13500mg/L COD7000mg/L SS21000mg/L T-N5000mg/L T-P1000mg/L
General processing method : Standard denitrification method
Groundwater（Dilution water:20 times dilution）

P Pretreatment equipment

R Re-aeration tank

D Denitrification tank

S Sedimentation tankN
D2

Nitrification tank
Secondary denitrificationtank

CCoagulation sedimentationtank

A Activated carbon

Vacuumcar

Dischargedwater

Hiyoshi's processing method : Sequencing batch reactor
Groundwater（Dilution water:5 times dilution）

VacuumcarSB

Reused water（Dilution water）

CSEWERAGES
Dh

Sequencing batch
reactorCoagulation
sedimentation tank
Sedimentation tank
Dehydrator

Johkasou water filling

The suspended Omihachiman Night Soil Treatment Plant was designed and repaired so as to operate at a lowcost. As compared with the standard treatment method, it uses less diluted water, is more compact, saves power
and uses the SBR method which is superior in denitrification.
→It is highly likely that this method can be customized to suit local economic and environmental conditions.
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Summary-

Decentralized wastewater treatment system is notcomplimentary facility to sewage system but should beconsidered as permanent social capital.

-

In order for the decentralized waste water treatment
system to appropriately function, regulatory system isrequire so that Johkasou’s design and performance will bestandardized, and there will be cycle for maintenance,
cleaning, water quality testing, and sludge is treated at thetreatment facility.

-

In order for the decentralized wastewater treatment system
to continue and operate in right way, education fortechnical staffs is necessary for each field, such as
designing, construction, maintenance and operation, water
testing and cleaning,
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR
KIND ATTENTIONHIYOSHI CORPORATION
908 Kitanosho Omihachiman, 523-0806, Japan
TEL: +81-0748-32-5111
https://www.hiyoshi-es.co.jp/english/

HIYOSHI INDIA ECOLOGICAL SERVICES PVT. LTD
No.37(110), 3rd floor, chateau D’Ampa,Nelson Manickam Road, Aminjikarai, Chennai
600029,
Tamil Nadu India(ABK-AOTS DOSOKAI)
TEL +91-44-4305-1111
http://hiyoshi-india.com

Reference Introduction Material「Current Status of Johkasou Operation andMaintenance Work done by Hiyoshi in Japan」

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Omihachiman City Night Soil Treatment Plant
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