Network Science andEngineering
Future Generation Networks
CISE/NSF

Prof. Ty Znati
Division Director

Computer and Network Systems
Acknowledgement: NetSE NSF TeamOutline Network Science and Engineering

Future Internet Design
 NeTS Research Infrastructure

The GENI Concept Global Collaboration
 Concluding Remarks

24 January 2008

JGN2 + AKARI Symposium2Internet – Where are we Now?
The Internet is a critical infrastructurethat enabled global communicationand transformed society“… in the thirty-odd years since its
invention, new uses and abuses, …, arepushing the Internet into realms that its
original design neither anticipated noreasily accommodates.” Overcoming Barriers to Disruptive
Innovation in Networking, NSF Workshop Report, 2005.

The Internet will continue to evolveand become more complex
1999

At the same time, the Internet faces
many challenges, not only related toits technical limitations but also toeconomic and social issues

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Network Science & Engineering Is there a science forunderstanding the complexity of
our networks so that we canengineer them to havepredictable behavior?
In light of the Internet’s growingrole as a driver for innovation
leading to economic growth andsocial well-being, there is a unique
opportunity to consider thisfundamental question in aneconomic, social and regulatory
context
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NSF Network SE Strategy

NSF invests in NetSE research, education and research infrastructure
through a number of “loosely coupled” programs
CISE



Engineering

Major Research Instrumentation, Computing Research Infrastructure,
Computer Systems Research, Cyber Trust,Network Technology and Systems, Next Generation Networked
Information, Scientific Foundations for Internet’s Next Generation
Integrative, Hybrid and Complex Systems, Resilient and Sustainable
Infrastructures, …

Social, Behavioral and Economics Sciences

Human and Social Dynamics, Innovation and Organizational Change,Economics and Sciences and Society

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CISE/NSF Strategy for NetSENetSE TeamDeborah Crawford, Suzi Iacono, Larry Landweber*,

Gracie Narcho, Paul Morton and Ty Znati
Selected NetSE Activities
Future INternet Design (FIND)NetSE Research InfrastructureGlobal Environment for Network Innovation (GENI)FIND ─ Future Internet Design
FIND is a major new long-term initiative of theNetworking Technology and Systems (NeTS) Program

Challenged the research community tocreate a network they want to havein 10 to 15 years!
FIND Program Committee Darleen Fisher (dlfisher@nsf.gov)
 Allison Mankin (amankin@nsf.gov)

FIND – Clean Slate Design

The intellectual scope of the FIND program is wide:How can we design a network that is fundamentally more secure andavailable than today's Internet?








How would we conceive the security problem if we could start from a clean-slate?

How might such functions as information dissemination, locationmanagement or identity management best fit into new networkarchitecture?
What will be the long-term impact of new technologies such as advanced
wireless and optics?
How will economics and technology interact to shape the overall designof a future network?
How do we design a network that preserves a free and open society?

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FIND 3-Phased IterativeProcess Research on architectural elements
Naming, identities, forwarding, inter-domain protocols, etc.
Cross-cutting requirements of built-in security, robustness, andmanageability etc.

 Build community and formulate architecturesMultiple Program meetings, focused on aspects of architectures
Inclusive of “architectural” researchers e.g. funded by NeTS,CyberTrust, DARPA, industry, internationally funded researchers,etc.

 Coordinated effort to assemble overarchingcoherent architectures

Develop small number of architectures
Simulate, emulate, test on research infrastructure

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9FIND FY07 activities
 83 proposals (54 projects)
 Funded: 15 projects (~$11.5M)
 FIND informational meetings
 FIND Program meetings Previous FYs
 49 FIND active continuing projects
 41 active FIND-Funded projects
 8 projects funded through CAREER, etc…

 18 Million per Year
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Coordination and Opportunities
 Organized Future Internet Research panels at

INFOCOMM, Technology Policy Research
Conference, ICNP Opportunities for collaboration in NSF
SBE, ENG, BIO/GEO (CI) Collaboration outside of NSF


AFOSR, DARPA, EC Information Society FIRE,
Japan’s NICT

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Selected FIND ProjectsPostmodern Internet Architecture Calvert (GATech), Sterbenz (KU), Spring (UMd)Clean Slate Approach to Network Security: SANE,inSANE, and Ethane McKeown (Stanford) and Akella (WISC)
Network Fabric for Personal, Social and Urban
Sensor Applications
 Srivastava (UCLA), Paxson (ICSI)Market Enabling Architecture Walrand (UCB), Musacchio (UCSC) Parekh (BellLabs)

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Postmodern Internet Architecture
Current Internetwork Layer Problems
Too many policies and too little mechanisms
Infrastructure assumed mostly fixed and stable

New architecture concept Thin network layer—noaddressing
 Forward by identifying links, notendpoints
 Add economic incentives
 Include accountability—origin,path Dials and knobs—to advise
transport/application from below
and to network layer from above

24 January 2008

PoMo Header
Forwarding
Directive (Where)
Accountability

Dials

MotivationKnobs

P AYLO AD

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13Secure Architecture for Networked
Enterprise (SANE)
Public Internet
DomainControllerslate, how can we design Public andPrivate networks to be inherently
secure from the ground up?

21p.ack . Fi
us Aeut rster t h data
enticat e

3. Install path
4. Data

Approach: Force the origin andintent of traffic to be explicit
Private Networks:
SANE: All network connectivity

NickMartin
Schedule Goals

Q4 06

Ask the question: With a clean-

Q1 07

Q2 07

Q3 07

Q4 07

Ethane: v1.0
Ethane: v2.0
Ethane: Local Deployment
Ethane: Remote Deployment

inSANE: Invention

governed by global policy;
Implement secure namespace
Ethane: Ethernet-compatible
prototype; Domain Controller andcustom Ethernet switch
Public Networks: Work yet to startTechnology Transition
Expect to work with commercial

partners to transfer technology

inSANE: v1.0
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14Ethane Network Architecture:
Taking Control of Enterprise Networks
 Ethane is a new architecture to manage and control private networks(enterprises, government agencies, universities, residences) A central network policy is directly enforced in the network
 Ethane is backwardly compatible with existing end-host computers
Principle
Principle 1:1: Manage
Manage network
network using
using policy
policy overover real
real names
names“Nancy“Nancy cancan access
access Payroll”
Payroll”“Laptops“Laptopscan’t
can’t accept
accept incomingincoming connections”
connections”“VoIP“VoIPphones
phonesmustn’t
mustn’t move”
move”
Principle
Principle 2:
2: Policy
Policy should
should dictate
dictate thethe path
path packets
packets follow
follow“CEO“CEO traffic
traffic should
should not
not passpass throughthrough engineering”
engineering”“Guest“Guest flows
flowsmust
must pass
passthroughthrough httphttp proxy”
proxy”“Laptop“Laptop flows
flowsmust
must pass
pass throughthrough IDS”
IDS”
Principle
Principle 3:
3: TheThe origin
origin ofof packets
packets should
should be
be known
known
Allusers
andend-hosts
authenticatedandAll users and end-hosts authenticated and securely
securely boundboundPrinciple
Principle 4:4: Network
Network should
should log
log all
all connectivity
connectivityFordiagnostics,complianceandFor diagnostics, compliance and auditing
auditing“Who“Who did
didMartin
Martin talk
talk toto last
last week?”
week?”

Stanford
Testbed24 January 2008 17 Wireless and Gigabit Ethernet switches 300 hosts: VOIP phones, servers, workstations, printers Running 4 months 132 line policy file to re-create Stanford network policy
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15Market Enabling Architecture Incentives to go to CA if certified traffic receives protections under stress,

while uncertified traffic does not Architectural requirements include improved traceability and mechanism
for dropping uncertified traffic Internet is both an engineered system and an economic system
 We must understand and architect both
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Network Fabric for Personal,
Social and Urban Sensor Applications

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Going ForwardContinuing phase 1

Preparing for phase 2


Stimulating curiosity and fostering creativity

Building effective cross-area teams
Transitioning individual projects into architectures

Anticipating phase 3
Pacing the research toward architectures in phased development
and towards experimental research prototypes

2020 – Future of Computing
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Present and Future ResultsTrain new generation of systems researchers to build andunderstand large-scale systems

Foster creative, innovative and transformational researchImpact the Internet through clean-slate thinking & approaches


New FIND idea results in deployment because of strong pull frommarket and from research communities

New creative insights for the Internet (e.g. accepted by InternetEngineering Task Force (IETF))

Create and deploy new services and applications

Design and test alternate Internet architecture such that

Alternate architecture(s) coexist with the current Internet



Virtualization becomes the norm with plurality of architectures



Unlikely that single architecture emerges and dominates

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19Not only theoretical studies
but also the experimental
testing of new ideas insettings sufficientlyrealistic, …
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20Experimental Infrastructure
for Network Science While we can create theories about complex

networks and simulate our models, only
through experimentation can we validate ourtheories


As for any science, there is a need test out
theories at scale.
A fully instrumented infrastructure in which to run ourexperiments, at scale.
24 January 2008

Numbers and types of users, types of networks, numbers ofnodes, geographical scope,
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21Experimental Infrastructure for
NetSE… a continental-scale internetworking “exploratorium”
to support transformative research and experiments ina way that cannot be done in today’s circumscribed
Edge Site
Internet …
Sensor Network

Mobile Wireless Network
24 January 2008

Federated International Facility
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A Brief Background Informed by a 2005 community workshop recommendation, CISE has
been investigation in community planning for a NetSE research infrastructure
concept,
GENI: a Global Environment for Network Innovation
Grass-root effort for a small CISE community Identified the need for a major facility
Development of a scientific motivation

for such a facility

GENI Science Council established in March 2007

GENI Project Office was awarded to BBN Solutions LLC in May 200724 January 2008

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GENI Features Virtualization
 Programmability
 Federation
 Three synergistic concepts that when combined

provide the unique power of an experimental
infrastructure at scale

平成20年1月24日

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24Virtualization
Substrate

Virtual Substrate

Virtual Networks

From Bandwidth on Demand to Network on Demand!

Share resources to support many
simultaneous experiments
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Edge Site
25

Programmability
All network elements programmable via open
interfaces and/or downloadable user code

GENI Control & Management Plane

Programmable
Sensor Node24 January 2008

Open APIRadio platform

ProgrammableCore Node

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Programmable
Edge Node26

Federation
GENI grows by gluing together heterogeneous facilities over time.
Sensor Network

Federated
InternationalFacility
Edge Site

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Global Collaboration“Global collaboration – among scientists,engineers, educators, industry andgovernments – can speed thetransformation of new knowledge into newproducts, processes and services, and intheir wake produce new jobs, create wealth,and improve the standard of living andquality of life worldwide. “

平成20年1月24日

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Arden L. Bement, Jr.
NSF Director
Cancun, Mexico
August 200528

Overarching Guiding Principles
 Research in Computer Science (CS) andComputer Engineering (CE) has had and willcontinue to have significant societal impact in
the US and throughout the world CS/CE research is global in reach and,
therefore, international cooperation,communication and collaboration are criticalto the success of US CS/CE Research andEducation (R&E)
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CISE Overarching GuidingPrinciples







CISE has a responsibility to proactively seek out and foster
international relationships and cooperative activities that support its
mission and maximize the strategic value of its international
investments
CISE has a national leadership role in advising the US government on
national and international policies related to CS/CE R&E
CISE has a national leadership role in representing US interests, as
they relate to CS/CE R&E, to counterpart organizations within foreignagencies.
CISE has a national leadership role in representing the US CS/CEdisciplines and the CS/CE R&E academic community in international
scientific and policy forums
CISE has a national leadership role in working with counterpart
organizations within foreign agencies to identify, encourage andsupport bi-lateral and multi-lateral CS/CE R&E collaborations

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Conclusions
 The future of the Internet is too important tobe left to chance or random developments
Network Science – Best way to predict the future
is to invent it!
 True experimentation is needed.


24 January 2008

The GENI project intends to provide the basic
infrastructure to enable, understanding, implementationand deployment of socio-technical networked systems of
the future

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31More Information
 Visit the CISE Web site at:
 http://www.nsf.gov/dir/index.jsp?org=CISE
 Visit the CRA CCC web site at:
 http://www.cra.org/ccc

24 January 2008

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