Seminar on Improving Water
Environment in Indonesia

November 14, 2023

How to secure the performanceof the decentralized wastewater
treatment facilities?
Dr. Yoshitaka Ebie
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan1

Sustainable Development Goals
Goal 6.3
Halving the proportion ofuntreated wastewater by2030
MDGs
Sanitary issues
Open defecation
Bucket/container
Pit latrine without slab
SharedNo tank/sewer pipe

Unimproved toilet

SDGs
Environmental issues
Primary treatment
Secondary treatment
Tertiary treatment

Untreated wastewater2

On-site and off-site in Indonesia
SPALD-S: On-site• Individual (1 HH; 5 PE)• Communal (2-10HH; 10-50 PE)
SPALD-T: Off-site• Settlement scale: 50～20,000 PE• City scale: >20,000 PE• Specific area: subsidized apartments andcommercial buildings

Decentralized domestic
wastewater treatment facilities

Septic tanks

BiofilIPAL

Are they all
reliable?
septic tank?
4

5 things we need to consider for
dissemination of appropriate
wastewater treatment technologies
1. Effluent standards
2. Structure standards and/or Performancecertification
3. O&M and monitoring systems
4. Sludge collection, treatment and disposalsystems
5. License for technicians and/or service
providers5Regulation has been updated• Ministry of Environment and Forestry has issued neweffluent standard for domestic wastewater (2016).
• This new and stringent regulation for domestic
wastewater is a major step forward to improve waterenvironment.

Parameters

Unit

pHBOD
COD
TSS
Oil and Grease
Ammonia
Total Coliform
Discharge

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
N/100 mL
L/person/dayOld
Regulation
6-9100100
10-NewRegulation
6-930
100
30
5103,000
100

6

Compliance to the regulation may not be ensured
Great! Butis it true?

How good?
Very goodproduct!!

We can meet
new effluent
standard.

Nobody knows!
We need standardized performance testing method
and reliable certification system

The Stakeholders Meeting inIndonesia
To tackle this urgent problem, we have launched “theStakeholders Meeting on domestic wastewater
treatment” in 2015.
Industry-AcademiaGovernment Collaboration

Central gov.

Manufacturers
Univ.
Local gov.

8

Summary of discussion• We need more manufacturers todistribute domestic wastewater
facilities in all Indonesia.
• However, it’s easy to make a profit
if they produce poor performance
and/or weak tanks.
To eliminate low quality treatment facilities from the market

Performance testing method and Reliablecertification system are required!!

9Major standards in the world
European Standard (EN)EN12566-3: Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PE

The United States
NSF/ANSI Standard 40: Residential Wastewater Treatment Systems
Australia
AS/NZS 1546 Part 3: Aerated wastewater treatment systems
Japan
Performance testing method for Johkasou

10Testing methods

PTesting
product

Domesticwastewater
1. Feed wastewater

Simple! But...

Sampler
2. Take a sample11Major standardized testing method is notnecessarily suitable for Indonesia.
Wastewater
generation

Climate28.7˚C40
30

Sep-2015

May-2015

Jan-2015

Low

Sep-2014

0Jan-2014

HighMay-2014

10Sep-2013

Ave

May-2013

20Jan-2013

Temperature (˚C)

Jakarta

Influent volume (L)

300
250
200
150
100
50
04 11125 6 7
4 5 6 78 9
1 2
[ 93 101 8
2 9
3 101112
4 5 6 17 2
8 3
9 101112
1 23 101112
4 5 6 78]ampm Timeam

TimeMonthly temperaturefluctuation in Jakarta

Inflow pattern in Japan12

Field investigationWastewater volume was measured every hour.

Inflow pattern in Indonesia
25%
20%

Japan
This study (Indonesia)

15%
10%
5%
0%
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
0:00
1:00
2:00
3:00

proportion of wastewater30%

 Two peaks in the morning and evening Starts 2-3 hours earlier than Japanese case
 No high peak which is due to bath tub

14

Development of the Performance Testing
Method in Indonesia

1st SHM

2nd SHM

3rd SHM

4th SHM

Precursor of SNI (NationalStandard of Indonesia)
5th SHM

Drafted based on the industryacademia-government
collaboration

15

When

Timing to take a test andto get certificate
Same design andmanufacturing processfrom the time of test.

Developmentof newproductTake atreatment
performance
test

Get
certificationof productsby type test

Manufacture
the productSell productsin the market

Before start manufacturing
product series

16

How

to use the certificate?

Building permission processes
Localgovernments

Application
Permission

Contractors/manufacturers*Require the certificateof the product*Submit application withthe certificate of theproductto confirm appropriatenessto prove appropriatenessCompliance to the regulation would be sure!!
17

Final goals• All the products in the market must have acertificate to improve water environment inIndonesia.
The certificate is based on the resultof performance test
 Treatment efficiency (Water quality) Robustness of the tank
 Material, design, Standard Operating
Procedure, workshop, etc.
18

Step-wise implementation• At the beginning, enact the certification system
only for some area/buildings.
– Central government• shows first targets of this certification system
like “Sensitive area/tourist site, large building”– Local government• defines where is “Sensitive area/tourist site ”• defines size of the “large building”.

free vectors

Dario1crisafulli

free vector graphics

19Institutional structure
Command
Coordination

CentralGovernment

Provincial
Government

Regency/City

Planning
Planning thetarget andpolicydirection
Ministry of
National
Development
Planning

Public awarenessrising

Implementation

Monitoring and
Evaluation

Preparationof behavior
changePreparation of
institution andregulation

Guidance,supervision, andpreparation of
infrastructure

Regulating
effluent
standard andevaluation

Ministryof
HealthMinistry ofHomeAffairs

Ministry of
Public Worksand Housing

Ministry ofEnvironment
and Forestry

Environmen-tal Service
Agency(Province)

Provincial
Development
Planning
AgencyHealthAgency(Province)

Provincial
Secretary

Provincial
PublicWork
AgencyRegional
Development
Planning
Agency(City)

HealthAgency(City)

Regency/City
Secretary

Regency/City
Public Work
AgencyCommunity-Based Organization (KSM)
Managing and Beneficiary Organization (KPP)

Environmental
Service Agency(City)

Need to be considered• Testing body and evaluation body
– Requirements• Reliable certification system– Enforcement by laws
– Capacity development of both governmentand private sector– Inspection of workshops• PE calculation method for variousbuildings• Installation– Standardization of installation procedureThank you for your kind attention

Advantages of thecertification system• Private company– Under the low, only the authorized
product can be sold and installed.
– Can demonstrate the superior
performance of your product by showing
the official certificate.
– Everyone can distinguish your productfrom the other cheap/unauthorized
product because it is officially authorized.

Advantages of thecertification system• Government– Can give the permission quickly based on
the official certificate of theperformance.
– Not necessarily need to inspect theperformance carefully after installation.
– Can ensure the effect of the national andlocal projects for domestic wastewater
treatment, because we know how muchamount of the pollutants will be removedby the product before the implementation.

Advantages of thecertification system• Customer– Can select appropriate product with thecertificate.
– Can continue their business such as
shopping center, hotel and restaurant
without worry about business suspension
order from local government.

Our ideas• Appropriate product evaluation leads new andgood technology development.

• Product certification leads appropriate technology
selection.

• Installation and maintenance by government
might be a good way.

• Co-benefit opens new financial scheme opportunities.
• Qualification of technicians leads appropriate
operation and maintenance.

• Registration system helps good management by
the government.

Standardized performance testing
method in Indonesia
SNI 9161:2023

27

Standards/legislation in Japan• Standard for Johkasou accessories(Johkasou System Association:JSA)• Standard of PVC pipes and couplers(JIS K 6741, K 6739, and so on.)• Maintenance of Johkasou (JohkasouLaw)• Initial and annual inspection ofJohkasou (Johkasou Law)
• Qualification systems (license)for
Johkasou operator, inspector, anddesludging technician.

1. Scope
2. Normative references
3. Terms and Definitions
4. Symbols and Abbreviations
5. Requirements
5.1 Design
5.2 Load bearing capacity
5.3 Treatment performance
5.4 Watertightness
5.5 Durability
5.6 Components
6. Calculation and Test Method
6.1 Water-tightness
6.2 Treatment performance
6.3 Structural strength
6.4 Chemical resistance test
7. Technical Information
8. Evaluation of conformity
8.1 General
8.2 Initial type tests
8.3 Factory production control
9. Construction instructions
10. Maintenance instructions

Technical Specificationfor Johkasou (Draft)Technical Specification for Johkasou(Draft)
Annex
Annex A Testing Method for Johkasou Treatment
Performance
Annex B Standard for access coverAnnex C Standard for blower
Annex D Standard for filter media
Annex E Strength Test Method
Annex F Production and production equipment overview
Annex G Instructions to construction and maintenanceAnnex H Procedures of installation
Annex I Examples of contents and procedures of maintenanceAnnex J Examples of contents and procedures of desludging