原 敬
浜口雄幸

大正10年11月4日 丸の内南口
昭和5年11月14日 第4ホーム階段下中央通路寄1921 年〜

The sites of the incidents
Takashi Hara, November 4, 1921 Marunouchi South Entrance
Osachi Hamaguchi, November 14, 1930 At the foot of the stairway to Platform #4 near the Central Concourse.

大正10年〜

丸の内南口で原敬首相暗殺事件発生
1921 (10th year of Taisho Era)
Assassination of Prime Minister
Takashi Hara at the Marunouchi
South Gate

大正期のレンガ駅舎 1924〜25年（大正13〜14）頃
1階には駅施設と皇室専用玄関が設けられ、2・3階の北側は中部鉄道管理局、南側は東京ステーションホテルとして使用された。
Site of the assassination of Prime Minister HaraAt 7:20 p.m. on November 4, 1921, Prime Minister Takashi Hara was heading towards the Marunouchi South Entranceto board a train for Kyoto to attend the Kyoto Chapter Assembly of Seiyukai (Friends of Constitutional Government). A
young man jumped out, just barely missing the shoulder of the ﬁrst Stationmaster, Zenichi Takahashi, and stabbed
Hara with a 15cm dagger in his right chest. Hara fell on the spot, and though he received ﬁrst-aid in the Station
Master's oﬃce, nothing could be done to save him. The attacker later said in a disposition that he was dissatisﬁed withthe strong policies of Hara's Seiyukai Cabinet but investigations of his background motives revealed little.

The brick station building in the Taisho period (around 1924-1925)
The entrance hall for the Imperial household and station oﬃces were located on theﬁrst ﬂoor. The second and third ﬂoors on the northern side were used by the Central
Railway Administration Bureau and the southern side provided access to Tokyo
Station Hotel.

東京駅の歴史に暗い影を落とすのが二つの暗殺事件である。1 9 2 1 年（ 大 正 1 0 ）、平 民 宰 相として知られる
原 敬 首 相 が 、1 9 才のテロリストの兇 刃を胸 部に受け絶 命 。また 満 州 事 変 勃 発 の 前 年 、1 9 3 0 年（ 昭 和 5 ）には、ライオン宰 相の異 名をとった浜口雄 幸 首 相 が 、プラットホームでピストルにより狙 撃され 重 傷を負い、半 年 後に死 去する事 件が発 生した。
この事 件の際に
浜 口 首 相 の 発した「 男 子 の 本 懐 である」という言 葉は当 時 の 流 行 語となった 。両 首 相 遭 難 現 場を示 す
プレートが 、今も丸の内 南口と第 4ホーム中央 階 段に設置されている。

Events that cast a dark shadow over the history ofTokyo Station are the two assassinations that took
place on the premises. In 1921, Prime Minister TakashiHara, known as the prime minister of the commonfolk, was fatally stabbed in the chest by a 19 year oldassailant, and in 1930, the year before the Manchurian

Site of the attack on Prime Minister Hamaguchi
At 8:58 a.m. on November 14, 1930, Prime Minister Osachi Hamaguchi was walking along the platform towards the ﬁrst
class car of the limited express train Tsubame, scheduled to depart at 9:00 a.m., to observe the Army's special extensive
maneuvers in Okayama Prefecture. A shot rang out and Hamaguchi hunched over, clasping his stomach. A doctor
rushed over and administered ﬁrst-aid, and Hamaguchi was immediately taken to the Tokyo Imperial University
Hospital for surgery. He initially appeared to recover, but his condition subsequently deteriorated and he died thefollowing year, on August 26, 1931. The attacker is said to have been dissatisﬁed with the resistance shown by
Hamaguchi's Rikken-Minseito (Constitutional Democratic Party) Cabinet to the pressures of the military concerning theratiﬁcation of the London Naval Agreement and other issues.

上空から見た東京駅と丸の内

朝のプラットホーム

Incident, Prime Minister Osachi Hamaguchi, known as『日本地理風俗体系 大東京』1931年（昭和6）『日本地理風俗体系 大東京』1931年（昭和6）the lion-hearted prime minister, was shot with a pistol

壮麗な駅舎と広大な駅前広場が広がり、右下には丸ビルが見える。4面のプラットホームの先には客車区と鉄道省庁舎、小さな八重洲口駅舎と外濠にかかる八重洲橋が見える。

東京駅の開業により昭和初期の駅前には大企業のオフィスが密集し、官庁街にも近いことから朝夕には数多くの通勤客が乗降するようになった。
さらに商業地区の京橋・日本橋への買い物客、長距離列車の乗降客などで構内は雑沓をきわめた。

on the platform and suﬀered serious injuries that

Aerial view of Tokyo Station and the Marunouchi area
Japanese Geography and Customs, Greater Tokyo 1931

The magniﬁcent Station Building with the vast station forecourt before it. The
Marunouchi Building is at the bottom right. On the far side of the four platforms are thepassenger-car yard, the Ministry of Railways building, a small Yaesu Entrance, and theYaesu Bridge across the Sotobori (outer moat).

resulted in his death half a year later. The words It
is the man's true worth,The platform in the morning
Japanese Geography and Customs, Greater Tokyo 1931

With the opening of Tokyo Station, large companies began to locate their oﬃces
near the front of the station, starting at the beginning of the Showa Era. Because ofits proximity to government buildings, many commuters began to use the station.
Shoppers going to the commercial areas of Kyobashi and Nihonbashi andlong-distance travelers added to the crowd inside the station.

spoken when he wasattacked, became a catchphrase in those days. Even
today, there are plaques indicating the exact locationof these incidents at the Marunouchi South Gate andon the central stairway to Platform #4.

たおPrime Minister Falls Victim to Terrorism

首相遭難現場

首相テロに斃れる

11-首相テロ

大正12年

関東大震災発生1923 (12th year of Taisho Era)
The Great Kanto Earthquake

罹炭後銀座通リノ惨状

東京駅に集まった被災者たち（絵はがき）『大正十二年九月一日 関東地方大震火災記念写真帖』より大震災にも耐え抜いた東京駅は被災者たちの避難場所になった。

Scene near Ginza Street immediately after the quake

Refugees ﬂocking to Tokyo Station (Picture Postcard)

Photos of the aftermath of ﬁre from the Great Kanto Earthquake of
September 1, 1923

Tokyo Station withstood the quake and turned into a refuge for disastervictims.

1 9 2 3 年（ 大 正 1 2 ）9月1日、午 前 1 1 時 3 5 分 、関 東 地 方を襲ったマグニチュード7.9の激震は、倒壊・焼失戸数1３万5千戸、死者１１万人を越える大被害をもたらした
ものの、東 京 駅の建 物に大きな被 害はなく、奇 跡 的に死傷者もでなかった。
しかし地震後に発生した火災は凄まじく、構内に停車中の280両の客貨車にも火の手は及び 、駅員たちは炎 上する車 両を切り離し、手で押しながら避難させた。
また、東京駅には避難する市民が殺到、待合室はもとより、ホームから貨車にまで人の波はあふれ、一時はその数約8千人にものぼった。

September 1, 1923. At 11:35 a.m., a powerful earthquake
measuring 7.9 on the Richter scale hits the Kanto area.
More than 135,000 buildings are either ﬂattened or
destroyed by ﬁre, and the total number of fatalities
exceeds 110,000. However, there is no major damage to
the Tokyo Station building, and miraculously, not asingle casualty. But the ﬁre that erupted after the quake
is ﬁerce, setting ﬁre to some of the 280 passenger andfreight cars parked near the station, and the station staﬀ
had to uncouple the burning cars and push them away
by hand to prevent the ﬁre from spreading. Many

日暮里驛避難列車到着並避難民雑沓ノ光景

焼け残った貨車（絵はがき）

evacuating refugees ﬂocked to the station, ﬁlling the『大正十二年九月一日 関東地方大震火災記念写真帖』より避難する人々の輸送にも使用された。
この列車の乗車許可を手に入れるにも大変な労力を要した。

waiting rooms and spilling over onto the platforms andEvacuation train coming into Nippori station and refugees
waiting for it
Photos of the aftermath of ﬁre from the Great Kanto Earthquake of
September 1, 1923

into the freight cars. At one time, the total number ofFreight cars untouched by the ﬁre (Picture Postcard)
Freight cars were also used to transport the victims. It was not easy to
get a permit to ride this train.

refugees was said to number around 8000.

The Great Kanto Earthquake

1923 年

関東大震災

08-関東大震災

昭和18年

国家総動員法の施行

1943 (18th year of Showa Era)
Enforcement of
the National Mobilization Law

1943年（昭和18）、戦局の悪化に伴う国家総動員法の出征兵士を送る 1943年（昭和18）

Sending Young Men to the Front (1943)

応召兵を見送るホーム上の風景。
（東京駅からの出征将兵は約500万人といわれている）

Scene on the platform as young conscripts leave for the front(Five million conscripts are said to have departed from TokyoStation.)

朝の点呼風景 1943年（昭和18）

Morning Roll Call (1943)

第5代天野駅長が職員に訓示をしている冬期の点呼風景。
戦争中のため、女子職員の姿が目立ち、男子職員はゲートルを巻いている。
（丸の内北口前、現在はタクシー乗場となっている付近）

A winter roll call with Mr. Amano, the 5th Station Master,
addressing the staﬀ. As it is wartime, many female staﬀ can beseen, and the men are wearing leggings.
(In front of the Marunouchi North Entrance, where the taxi
stand is now located)

施行によって軍隊や軍需工場に徴用される男子職員にかわり、若い女 子 職 員の採 用が急 増 。戦 争 末 期には
東 京 駅でも2 0 0 人を越 す 女 子 職 員が、出札や改 札をはじめ 保 線 工 事 など 力 仕 事まで 担うこととなった 。
彼女たちに上級教育を施すことを目的に、東京駅では1945年（昭和20）5月に「東京駅女子高等学校」を開設。
しかしせっかくのこの試みも、開校からわずか3ヶ月後の終戦に伴い閉校のやむなきに至った。

In 1943, the National Mobilization Law came into eﬀect,
and the employment of young women grew rapidly toreplace the men who had been sent away in military
service or to defense plants. By the end of the war,
more than 200 female staﬀ members were working at
the ticket oﬃce and the gates, and were doing heavy
physical work such as track maintenance. To provide asuitable level of education to these girls, Tokyo Station
Girls High School was established in May 1945 inside
the Station. The school closed just three months later
when the war ended.

東京駅に到着した復員列車の情景 1948年（昭和23）

A Train Arriving at Tokyo Station with Returning Soldiers (1948)

Tokyo Station during the War

1943 年

戦時下の東京駅

09-戦時下の東京