Global Change Observation Mission:
Third Research Announcement
GCOM-W1 Research
Algorithm development, validation, and application researchMulti-Sensor Research
Algorithm development and application research

Issued: January 21, 2011
Proposal Due: March 25, 2011

Earth Observation Research Center
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Contents
1.

Introduction ...................................................................................................................1

1.1

About the Third Research Announcement ..................................................................1

1.2

Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM)...........................................................1

1.3

Targets of GCOM and its success criteria ...................................................................1

1.4

Overview of this RA ......................................................................................................42.

Technical descriptions ...................................................................................................5

2.1

Purposes of this RA .......................................................................................................5

2.2

Research areas ...............................................................................................................53.

Instructions for responding to this RA ........................................................................9

3.1

Qualifications .................................................................................................................9

3.2

Research agreement conclusion ...................................................................................9

3.3

Research period .............................................................................................................9

3.4

Resources........................................................................................................................9

3.5

Obligations ...................................................................................................................10

3.6

Selection........................................................................................................................10

3.7

Late proposals ..............................................................................................................10

3.8

Withdrawal of proposal ..............................................................................................10

3.9

Cancellation and postponement .................................................................................10

3.10

Important dates ........................................................................................................... 11

3.11

Proposal submission and contact point ..................................................................... 11

4.

Instructions for proposal contents .............................................................................12

4.1.

General .........................................................................................................................12

4.2.

Format ..........................................................................................................................12

4.3

Proposal contents .........................................................................................................12

5.

Description of research agreement.............................................................................14

5.1

Contractual procedure ................................................................................................14

5.2

Research agreement summary ...................................................................................14

APPENDIX A PROPOSAL COVER SHEET AND SCHEDULE ........................................................................ A-1
APPENDIX B RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................... B-1
APPENDIX C OVERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL CHANGE OBSERVATION MISSION (GCOM) ............... C-1
APPENDIX D ASSOCIATED TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF RESEARCH AGREEMENTS (FOR THE
GCOM RESEACH ANNOUNCEMENT) .............................................................................................................. D-1

1.

Introduction

1.1 About the Third Research Announcement
In this third Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM) research announcement (RA), the Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) is announcing the opportunity to conduct algorithm
development, validation, and application research for the first satellite of the GCOM-W (Water) series,
GCOM-W1, as well as multi-sensor research mainly using data from GCOM-W1. The target launchyears are Japanese fiscal years (JFY) 2011 and 2014 for GCOM-W1 and the first satellite of the
GCOM-C (Climate) series (GCOM-C1), respectively. This RA covers 3-year research period
beginning in early JFY 2011.
1.2 Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM)
GCOM seeks to establish and demonstrate a global, long-term satellite observing system to measureessential geophysical parameters for understanding global climate change and the water cycle
mechanism, and eventually contribute to improving future climate projections through a collaborative
framework with climate model institutions. Demonstrating capabilities of operational applications
through the provision of continuous data to operational agencies is another important objective.
GCOM will take over the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II) mission and transition
into long-term monitoring of the Earth. To achieve global, comprehensive, long-term, andhomogeneous observation, GCOM will consist of three consecutive generations of two satellite types
with a 1-year overlap, resulting in a 13-year observation period. The two satellites are GCOM-W and
GCOM-C. The GCOM-W1 satellite will carry the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2(AMSR2) to contribute to understanding the water and energy cycle. The GCOM-C1 satellite will beequipped with the Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) to observe the Earth’s atmosphere andsurface, contributing to the understanding of the carbon cycle and radiation budget.
The AMSR2 instrument on board GCOM-W1 is a multi-frequency, dual-polarized, passive
microwave radiometer for observing water-related geophysical parameters. AMSR2 is being designed
and manufactured based on the experience of the AMSR aboard ADEOS-II and the AMSR for EOS(AMSR-E), which is currently in orbit gathering continuous data. Based on the experiences of the
Global Imager (GLI) on board ADEOS-II, the SGLI on GCOM-C1 will have special features,
including wide spectral coverage from 380 nm to 12 um, a high spatial resolution of 250m, a field ofview exceeding 1000km, two-direction simultaneous observation, and polarization observation. The
GCOM-C1 mission aims to contribute to improving our knowledge and prediction of the global
carbon cycle and radiation budget through high-accuracy observation of global vegetation, ocean
color, temperature, cloud, aerosol, and polar regions through SGLI observations. Details of the
GCOM sensor and satellite specification are presented in APPENDIX C.
1.3 Targets of GCOM and its success criteria
The objectives, targets, and success criteria of GCOM are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. This RA
solicits research proposals that will lead the mission to success by meeting the success criteria andaccomplishing these targets with JAXA.

1

Table 1 GCOM Objectives and GCOM-C1/W1 Targets
GCOM Objectives
GCOM-C1 Targets
Build a long-term observation system Produce and distribute satellite-observedthat can observe effective physical radiance, nine land, eight atmosphere,
parameters(e.g.,
sea
surface seven ocean, and four cryospheretemperature, soil moisture, and so on.) products as standard products
continuously for 10 to 15 years to solve
the mechanism of global climate change
and water cycle, and establish its
usability.
Improve the prediction accuracy of Process and provide satellite data to thelong-term climate change by improving Data Integration and Analysis System
the process research on the established by the University of Tokyo,
climate-changemechanismand JAMSTEC, and JAXA.
numerical models, and provide
information service in support ofnational policy decisions throughcooperation with user organizations thathave climate models.
Establish an Earth-observation satellite Improve the accuracy of climate changesystem to obtain important physical prediction by assimilating data andparameters to assess the global improving model parameters with theenvironment and seek integrative use cooperation of application researchwith other observation systems.
organizations. Through the above
activities, confirm the quality of GCOM
data and demonstrate its ability tocontribute to predicting long-termclimate change.
Contribute topredicting the global environment
response to climate change by observing
snow surface temperature, snow grainsize, ocean chlorophyll-a concentration,and so on.
Contribute directly to operational fields, Improve fishery management bysuch as predicting intense weather that providing data to the Japan Fisheries
may bring disasters by distributing data Information Service Center within theto operational organizations that provide required time frame.
weather forecasts, fishery information
service, sea-route information control,etc.
Develop new products for effectively Produce five land, three atmosphere,
clarifying climate change and the water seven ocean, and eight cryosphere
cycle mechanism, which is difficult to research products by cooperating withdo with current analysis technology
research and application organizations.

2

GCOM-W1 Targets
Produce and distribute satellite-observedbrightness temperatures (Tbs), two land,
three atmosphere, two ocean, and one
cryosphere products as standard products.

Process and provide satellite data to the
Data Integration and Analysis Systemestablished by the University of Tokyo,
JAMSTEC, and JAXA.

Improve short-term prediction accuracy
by assimilating data, such as Tbs andwater vapor, with the cooperation of
application
researchorganizations.
Through the above activities, confirm thequality of GCOM data and demonstrate
its ability to contribute to predicting
long-term climate change. Contribute topredicting the global environment
response to climate change by observing
sea ice concentration, snow cover, sea
surface temperature, and so on.

Improve accuracy of weather forecast
includingtyphoons,
andfishery
management by providing data to theJapan Meteorological Agency and theJapan Fisheries Information Service
Center within the required time frame.
Produce new research products bycooperating with research and application
organizations.

Table 2 GCOM Success Criteria
GCOM-W1
Success level
Assessment condition

data production
data distribution
*1
*2
*3

Minimum success

Full success

Extra successComplete calibration and validation Achieve standard accuracies within Achieve the target accuracy ofphase and start data distribution 5 years after launch.
one or more products within 5(Set release threshold/about 1 year after launch. Achieve
years after launch.
standard/ target accuracies)
release threshold accuracy *2.

Standard product*1

Research product*1(Set only target accuracy)

NANA

Add new important products forclimate change research within 5
years after launch.

Real-time
availability

From the time of achieving the From the time of achieving therelease threshold accuracy until 4 release threshold accuracy until 5
years after launch*3, maintain years after launch, maintain ability
ability to distribute the data within to distribute the data within thethe required time.
required time.

NA

Continuity

From the time of achieving the From the time of achieving therelease threshold accuracy until 4 release threshold accuracy until 5
years after launch*3, maintain years after launch, maintain ability
ability to observe and distribute to observe and distribute products.
products.

NAStandard products are defined as products that are especially important for achieving the mission goal, sufficiently confirm the application reality fromADEOS-II results etc., and are suitable for operational data distribution. Research products are defined as products still in the research phase ofdevelopment and application, or are unsuitable for operational data distribution.
Release threshold accuracy: Minimum accuracy for release as available for climate research
Set the period until the GCOM-W2 launch.

GCOM-C1
Success level
Assessment condition

Minimum success

Full success

Extra successComplete calibration and validation Achieve standard accuracies of all Achieve the target accuracy ofphase and start data distribution of standard products, within 5 years one or more products within 5
more than 20 products*3 achieving after launch,years after launch.
(Set release threshold/standard/ target accuracies) the release threshold accuracy*2
about 1 year after launch.

Standard product*1

data production*1

Research product(Set only target accuracy)

NA

NA

Achieve the target accuracy of
one or more products within 5
years after launch or add newimportant products for climatechange research.

data distribution

Real-time
availability

When the products achieve the Continue
required-time
data
release threshold accuracy, confirm distribution during the operation
ability to distribute the data within period from confirmation of thethe required time.
release threshold accuracy to 5
years after launch.

NA

Continuity

When the products achieve the Continue observation*4 and data
release threshold accuracy, confirm distribution from confirmation ofability to continuously observe and release threshold accuracy to 5
years after launch.
distribute products.

NA*1Standard products are defined as products that are especially important for achieving the mission goal, sufficiently confirm the application reality fromADEOS-II results etc., and are suitable for operational data distribution. Research products are defined as products still in the research phase ofdevelopment and application, or are unsuitable for operational data distribution.
Release threshold accuracy: Minimum accuracy for release as available for climate research
The threshold number of products, 20, corresponds to the number of ADEOS-II GLI standard products in the GCOM-C1 standard products.
This means to obtain observation data continuously during the planned Earth-observation operation period

*2
*3
*4

3

1.4 Overview of this RA
JAXA plans to select 30 to 40 proposals under this RA. The principal investigator (PI) of eachselected proposal will become a member of the GCOM-W1 science team or GCOM-C1 science teamdepending on the contents of the proposal. The PIs will conduct their research, such as algorithm
development and application study, with the cooperation of members of the Earth Observation
Research Center (EORC), and must attend and present their status at PI workshops held once a year.
The science team leaders will participate in the GCOM Advisory Committee to feed back the scienceteam activities to the GCOM overall objectives and mission requirements.
Selected PIs will be able to receive prioritized distribution of GCOM data and related information
during the calibration and validation phase, as well as to use JAXA owned Earth observation satellite
data and in-situ measurement data free of charge. In this RA, JAXA will give budget allocation
priority to the areas of GCOM-W1 algorithm development and validation, to meet the releasethreshold accuracy of GCOM-W1 standard products and to accomplish the minimum success criteria
within a year of its launch. Although it will depend on the budget situation, JAXA plans to spend 80
million yen each year in total of this RA period. JAXA may also select non-funded PIs for pureapplication research and research not highly relevant to GCOM mission success criteria. All
categories of domestic and foreign organizations with nonprofit and peaceful purposes , except
students, may apply under this RA. However, funding may differ for each research category andapplicant. Funding by JAXA is restricted to domestic PIs, although some exceptions may be made forresearch necessary to realize GCOM mission success. Proposals will be selected based on apeer-review process and discussions in science/project evaluation boards. JAXA plans to announce
the selection results in May 2011.

4

2.

Technical descriptions

2.1 Purposes of this RA
To meet the mission objectives of GCOM, which are to understand global environment variation andto improve its prediction accuracy, this RA seeks to utilize the research results of the first RA for
GCOM-W1 and related AMSR-E studies, and to conduct effective research necessary to generate
global, long-term, and highly accurate and stable GCOM products, as well as to demonstrate globalchange research using those products by inviting research themes with new knowledge and sciencefrom both domestic and overseas scientists.
2.2 Research areas
JAXA seeks proposals in the following research areas:-

GCOM-W1 research: algorithm development, validation, and application research-Multi-sensor research: multi-sensor algorithm development and application research

As noted in the previous section, JAXA will give budget priority to the areas of GCOM-W1
algorithm development and validation, since the research period of this RA will include the
GCOM-W1 launch and the first data release. Details are listed below.
2.2.1 GCOM-W1 research
2.2.1.1 Algorithm development
JAXA seeks proposals for developing standard and research algorithms to produce GCOM-W1
products. As described in Chapter 5, research themes in standard algorithm development will be
implemented under the “Commissioned Research Agreement (Funded),” and research themes in
research algorithm development under the “Collaborative Research Agreement(Funded/Non-funded),” in principle.
(1) Standard algorithm development
In this category, JAXA seeks proposals on implementation and improvement of the standard
algorithms, which will be used for processing GCOM-W1 standard products after launch. In principle,
to utilize the existing results of the first RA directly, proposals from applicants whose algorithms wereselected as the standard algorithm after launch through the first RA research activity will continue tobe selected. Selected PIs and JAXA will work together in evaluating, implementing, and validating
the algorithms, as well as in preparing the algorithm theoretical basis document (ATBD) andvalidation plans.
The GCOM-W1 standard products and their expected accuracies, which are defined in the mission
success criteria, are listed in Table 6 of APPENDIX C. These accuracies were defined in consultation
with data users based on the experience and performance of the AMSR and AMSR-E products. The“data release threshold” accuracy denotes the minimum accuracy for the first data release, the“standard” accuracy is defined as the valuable and standard accuracy, and the “goal” accuracy
includes many challenges in improving algorithm performance and/or calibration accuracy and is tobe achieved on a research basis. The standard algorithms are required to produce standard productsthat meet the accuracy requirements in Table 6 of APPENDIX C; particularly, those that meet therelease threshold accuracy during this RA research period to accomplish the minimum success.
Therefore, concrete methods and expectancy of validation must be clearly documented. To meet the
GCOM objectives, retrieval algorithms will require global applicability, robustness, and long-term
5stability. Algorithms that can be extended and applied to similar microwave radiometers and historical
data records are preferable for integrated retrieval. Computationally efficient, fast-processing
algorithms are important for the operational applications of the products.
(2) Research algorithm development
Research algorithms will include a new algorithm to produce standard products with further
improved accuracy, and ones to produce research products. The former ones have the potential to be
selected as standard algorithms at the time of product revision through the inter-comparison study
with other algorithms. Therefore, the research needs to be carried out with the goal accuracy in mind.
Other preferable characteristics are the same as those of standard algorithms. Regarding the latter ones,
once after the proposed products are selected as research products, those research products will havethe potential to be candidates of new standard products. Current candidates of research products arelisted below. Research products are not limited to those listed below if new research products of greatsignificance are proposed.
-

Ocean
Retrieve all-weather sea surface wind speed under severe weather such as typhoons, by utilizing
the AMSR2 lower frequency channels at 7- and 10-GHz frequency bands.

-

Land
Produce spatially and temporally homogeneous products by assimilating AMSR2 information
into land-hydrology models. Also produce cloud-through land parameters such as land surface
temperature, vegetation water content, and vegetation indices by utilizing the characteristics of
microwave radiometry.

-

Atmosphere
Detection and retrieval of solid precipitation in a cold zone remain an issue using informationfrom the AMSR2 frequency range. Further improvements are necessary in cold zones tocomplement the current standard products, of which accuracy is defined in tropical to temperatezones.

-

Cryosphere
In addition to sea ice extent and concentration, thin sea ice information is valuable from theviewpoint of the heat and energy exchange between ocean and atmosphere as well as ocean
circulation. Identify thin ice areas, and further estimate sea ice thickness from the AMSR2
brightness temperatures. Sea ice motion provides information valuable to understanding themechanism of sea ice advance and retreat, and to the navigation of vessels. Perform accurate sea
ice motion retrieval regardless of seasons and sensor characteristics.

2.2.1.2 Validation
JAXA seeks proposals contributing to the validation of standard and research products and to theacquisition of basic datasets, which are necessary to improve algorithms. It is also expected to feedback the validation results to improve AMSR2 calibration. Regarding the field campaign andexperiments, obtaining both effective validation results and scientific outputs by collaborating withother research programs is expected. Particularly, in-situ measurements and validation studies ofgeophysical parameters, for which obtaining the global and operational validation dataset is difficult,are highly desired as indicated below.
6

-

Land
Test sites to obtain validation data such as soil moisture and meteorological measurements will beestablished and maintained in the Mongolian plateau (semi-arid area), north-east Thailand (humidarea), and the Murray-Darling basin in Australia (humid to arid area). JAXA seeks proposals
which will actively participate in these validation efforts.

-

Atmosphere
JAXA seeks proposals to validate precipitation product by utilizing operational observation datasuch as ground-based rain radars. For the validation of cloud liquid water, cooperation with otherresearch projects which can provide us validation data, and the research on quantitative validationby comparing with other satellite observations are expected.

-

Cryosphere
In addition to ongoing in-situ measurements of snow depth at Yakutsk site in Russia, cooperation
with research projects, in which snow pit observations are being conducted under a variety ofsnow condition, is expected. For sea ice validation, cooperation with research projects operating
research vessels in various sea areas, as well as validation using high spatial resolution satellite
images, are expected.

To apply for improving the algorithms, obtained in-situ data and knowledge need to be provided to
JAXA. Furthermore, JAXA intends to open these in-situ data to the public, after consulting with thePIs about their disclosure level and release timing. Proposals including both algorithm development
and validation can be submitted to the category of algorithm development.
As described in Chapter 5, the research themes in this category will be implemented under the“Collaborative Research Agreement (Funded/Non-funded),” in principle.
2.2.1.3 Application research
JAXA seeks research themes aiming to understand global environment changes and improveprediction accuracy using AMSR2 and existing datasets, such as the Special Sensor
Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and the AMSR-E, as well as research themes that contribute to satisfying
societal needs, such as monitoring severe weather and water-related hazards, ocean environment
monitoring, and agricultural applications. Research themes based on new concepts or needs, and new
research and products resulting from the fusion of numerical models are preferable.
As described in Chapter 5, the research themes in this category will be implemented under the“Collaborative Research Agreement (Non-funded),” in principle.
2.2.2 Multi-sensor research
JAXA seeks multi-sensor research proposals, particularly those mainly using data from GCOM-W1.
They include multi-sensor algorithm development to create new products and application researchutilizing variety of sensor information. Examples of expected multi-sensor combinations are listed
below, but are not limited to them:7-GCOM-W1 and GCOM-C1
Multi-sensor research is highly expected for GCOM-W1 and GCOM-C1, since the contributionof GCOM to climate and water cycle change research is done through comprehensive utilizationof both datasets. In research directly combining both datasets, some models or objective analysis
methods may be used to consider the differences of satellite orbits and observing local times.

-

GCOM-W1 and A-Train constellation
To continue obtaining the AMSR-E type data and to produce further scientific results fromAMSR2 through multi-sensor research using other satellites and sensors, GCOM-W1 will
participate in the A-Train constellation, which is being led mainly by the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA) and the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES).
Therefore, multi-sensor proposals to fully utilize the AMSR2 data are expected. Participating
A-Train platforms, which fly contiguously in formation, enable the synchronized observation ofvarious observing instruments. Various combinations and science are expected, such as research
on clouds and precipitation systems and their interaction with aerosols using cloud radar/lidar,
visible and infrared radiometers, infrared and microwave sounders. This also includes research on
merged sea surface temperatures and atmosphere-ocean interaction using visible and infrared
radiometer and infrared sounders, as well as the improvement of land and cryospheric products
using high-resolution visible and infrared observations. Observation data of the A-Train satellites
are available from respective development and operating agencies.

-

GCOM-W1 and JAXA Earth environmental observing satellites
Some of JAXA’s Earth environmental observing satellites including the Tropical Rainfall
Measuring Mission (TRMM), the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT), the Global
Precipitation Measurement (GPM), and the Earth Clouds, Aerosols and Radiation Explorer(EarthCARE), have the potential to overlap in the observation period with GCOM-W1. JAXA
seeks multi-sensor proposals to fully utilize the GCOM-W1 observations and effectively combine
them with those JAXA missions. GCOM-W1 will also undertake a role as a constellation satelliteof GPM mission.

In principle, the research themes in this category will be implemented under the “Collaborative
Research Agreement (Funded/Non-funded)” for multi-sensor algorithm development, and the“Collaborative Research Agreement (Non-funded)” for multi-sensor application research, as
described in Chapter 5.
All applicants should keep in mind that JAXA is not a general funding body for the scientificcommunity. This RA seeks to accomplish the GCOM mission goals and to find new possibilities forutilizing GCOM data. Proposals should clearly describe plans for GCOM data usage.

8

3.

Instructions for responding to this RA

3.1 Qualifications
If the proposal is for peaceful purposes and has non-commercial objectives, researchers from all
categories, except students, of domestic and foreign organizations, including educational institutions,
government offices, public companies, private enterprises, and other groups can apply for this RA.
3.2 Research agreement conclusion
After the proposals are selected, a research agreement should be made between JAXA and theorganization to which the PI belongs, using associated terms and conditions to be prepared by
JAXA. In principle, the associated terms and conditions of research agreements attached in
APPENDIX D will be used. However, JAXA may coordinate with a PI to use a standard
contract document depending on the contents of the proposal and its research phase. Allapplicants should read Chapter 5 carefully, which describes detailed information on contract
matters and the associated terms and conditions of the research agreement in APPENDIX D.
3.3 Research period
The total research period of this RA will be 3 years from JFY 2011. However, performance will be
evaluated based on an interim report at the end of each JFY to verify and decide whether the researchis to be continued the following year.
3.4 Resources(1) Funding
JAXA will reserve funds to support selected proposals. The basic policy for funding is as follows:A) Based on the purpose of this RA, funding will be mainly available for GCOM-W1 algorithm
development and validation, within JAXA’s budget limitation. Proposals submitted to otherareas may be funded if they provide a substantial contribution to the GCOM mission.
B) JAXA funding is basically restricted to domestic PIs, although some exceptions may bemade for research that is necessary to the success of the GCOM mission.
C) JAXA funding is restricted to the direct cost of research (“Direct Cost”) and does not coverany overhead costs, indirect costs, general costs, or whatsoever (“Overhead Cost”) of theorganization to which an applicant belongs. However, if this is impossible or requires special
procedures, an applicant may fill in the provided remarks column of the Resource
Requirement (APPENDIX B) as such.
D) If funding is not available for an applicant, the applicant may be selected as a non-funded PI
upon consultation with JAXA.
(2) Earth observation satellite data by JAXA
Earth observation satellite data necessary for conducting research and owned by JAXA will be
provided free of charge within the limitations of the distribution capability of JAXA. Available
data are listed in APPENDIX B. Those who receive Earth observation satellite data shall comply
with the terms and conditions described in the chapter titled “Providing of Earth Observation
Satellite Data by JAXA” in the research agreement.
93.5 Obligations
PIs have different obligations depending on their funding status.
(1) Funded PIs shall submit to JAXA a yearly report on the results at the end of each JFY and a
final report at the end of the entire research period. Furthermore, funded PIs are required toparticipate in the workshop organized by JAXA once a year and present a status report. PIs
must cover necessary travel expenses to participate in the workshop within the funds
provided by this RA.
(2) Non-funded PIs shall also submit a yearly report and a final report. However, such reports
can be substituted with papers published during the term. Participation in the workshop is
highly recommended. Support of travel expenses will be decided by JAXA on acase-by-case basis depending on the research content, results, and its progress.
3.6 Selection
Selection of proposals will be based on a peer-review process and discussions in science/project
evaluation boards. JAXA selection officials make the final decisions. The principal elements
considered in evaluating a proposal are its relevance to the objectives, intrinsic merit, and cost.
Evaluation of its intrinsic merit includes consideration of the following equally important factors:(1) Overall scientific and technical merit of the proposal or unique and innovative methods,
approaches, or concepts demonstrated by the proposal(2) Proposer’s capabilities, related experience, facilities, techniques, or unique combinations of thesethat are integral factors for achieving the proposal objectives(3) Qualifications, capabilities, and experience of the proposed PI and CI(4) Overall standing among similar proposals and/or evaluation against the state-of-the-art
3.7 Late proposals
Proposals or modifications received after the date specified in this RA may be considered if theselecting official deems them to offer JAXA a significant scientific and/or technical advantage or cost
reduction.
3.8 Withdrawal of proposal
Proposals may be withdrawn by the applicant at any time. To withdraw a proposal, the applicant
should notify JAXA immediately.
3.9 Cancellation and postponement
JAXA reserves the right to cancel or postpone this RA for reasons of JAXA’s own. In addition,
JAXA assumes no liability for canceling this RA or for postponing this RA schedule.

103.10 Important dates
January 21, 2011

Third Research Announcement Issued

March 25, 2011

Proposal Due Date

May

Notification of Selection Results

2011

3.11 Proposal submission and contact point
Proposals with complete sets of attachments, such as reprints of papers, should be converted to PDF(Portable Document Format) and sent via E-mail to the GCOM RA Office. The maximum filesize acceptable by E-mail is 10 MB.
GCOM RA Office E-mail address: GCOM_RA@jaxa.jp
In case of difficulty sending via E-mail, five copies each of the proposal and the complete set of
attachments should be sent via postal mail to:
GCOM RA Office
Earth Observation Research Center (EORC)
Tsukuba Space Center
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
The point of contact is:
GCOM RA Office
Earth Observation Research CenterTel:+81-50-3362-6529
Fax:+81-29-868-2961
E-mail address: GCOM_RA@jaxa.jp

11

4.

Instructions for proposal contents

4.1. General(1) Proposals received in response to this RA will be used only for evaluation purposes.
(2) The following types of proposals are not acceptable:A) Proposals that include restrictions from other institutions or have the potential toinfringe on third-party rights
B) Proposals that are restricted when distributed or published(3) Proposals will not be returned to applicants.
4.2. Format(1) It is highly recommended that applicants send their proposals and complete sets of all
attachments, such as reprints of papers, in PDF via E-mail.
(2) Forms for the cover sheet, work plan, effort allocation, and resource requirements can befound in APPENDIX A and APPENDIX B. Only the following formatting is mandatory inother parts of the proposal:
A) The page or paper size should be A4 or letter size.
B) The page number must appear at bottom center of each page, and the name of theapplicant must appear in the upper right corner.
C) Proposals should be word-processed documents in either English or Japanese, with afont size no smaller than 12 points.
(3) Proposals should be brief and to the point, concentrating on substantive material. The main
body of the proposal should not exceed 20 pages. Necessary detailed information, such as
reprints, should be included as attachments. A complete set of attachments must accompany
each copy of a proposal when submitting via postal mail.
4.3 Proposal contents(1) Cover sheet
A) Research title
State your research title precisely and clearly. The title should be brief, reflecting anespecially valid project intelligible to a science-literate reader and suitable for use in the
public process.
B) Research category
Choose a relevant category to which the proposal belongs.
C) Information of applicants- Identifying information of the PI
State the name, job title, organization, address, E-mail address, and telephone andfacsimile numbers of the PI.
- Identifying information of the Co-investigator
State the name, organization, telephone number, and E-mail address of each
Co-investigator (CI).
One research team should consist of only one PI, or one PI and several CIs.
D) Budget
Provide a budget broken down by year and the total amount in Japanese yen.
E) Endorsement
Provide a signature of a responsible official or authorized representative of the
proposing organization.

12

(2) Abstract
Include a concise, one-page abstract describing the objective, significance, method of
approach, and anticipated results.
(3) Description of proposal
This is the main body of the proposal and should not exceed 20 pages. This main body shallbe a detailed statement of the work to be undertaken, including its objectives andsignificance, relation to the present state of knowledge, and relation to previous work doneon the project and to related work in progress elsewhere. The statement should outline theplan of work, including the broad design of experiments to be undertaken and a descriptionof experiment methods and procedures. The project description should address theevaluation factors in these instructions and any specific factors in the RA. Any substantial
collaboration with individuals not referred to in the budget or use of consultants should be
described. Subcontracting significant portions of a research project is discouraged.
(4) Work plan (Research schedule)
The research schedule should be outlined in the form indicated in APPENDIX A.
(5) Effort allocation
Provide effort allocation for currently proposed and/or ongoing research funding including
those of other JAXA satellite projects. Include the name of research funding, period,
research title, role, budget, and difference from the present proposal in the form in
APPENDIX A. The effort allocation should be provided with a percentage of time
allocation (%) necessary for implementing each research activity (assuming the entire
yearly working time as 100%) for the research period of this RA.
(6) Management approach
For large or complex efforts involving interactions among numerous individuals or otherorganizations, plans for distribution of responsibilities and arrangements for ensuring acoordinated effort should be described.
(7) PersonnelA) Biographical information, experience, papers in related fields
A short biographical sketch, a list of publications, experiences related to this RA, andprofessional qualifications of the PI should be included. Also provide similar
biographical information on each CI.
B) Role of CI
The PI is responsible for supervising the work and the CIs in the research. State eachCI’s role in the proposed research.
(8) Resource requirements
Resource requirements should be described in the form indicated in APPENDIX B.
Information regarding required resources will be considered during the selection process.
After deciding the total amount of funding for each PI, JAXA will send detailed forms forresource requirements to selected PIs for the final adjustment of funding. Before thebeginning of each subsequent year, JAXA will send the same forms for resource
requirements again. Instructions for the budget summary and data request are also includedin APPENDIX B.

13

5.

Description of research agreement

5.1 Contractual procedure(1) After selecting the proposal and the PI, JAXA will send the PI guidelines and an application
form for making an agreement. Please note that JAXA will make an agreement with theorganization to which the PI belongs (“the Organization”), not to the PI or CI.
(2) A research agreement will be made using associated terms and conditions, such as those in
APPENDIX D. The Organization should submit the application form with the necessary
documents according to the guidelines by the submission due date. Submission of theapplication form will be regarded as definite intention of making an agreement with JAXA
in accordance with the terms and conditions as stipulated in APPENDIX D, and theagreement will be effective upon issuance of the confirmation sheet by JAXA.
(3) If JAXA determines that extension of a research project is qualified by the interim report at
the end of the JFY, the research agreement will be extended for 1 year, and up to March 31,
2014. Funded organizations should submit the continuing agreement application form to
JAXA at the beginning of every JFY.
(4) Organizations shall comply with the terms and conditions defined in the research
agreement.
(5) JAXA may coordinate to make an agreement with the Organization using JAXA’s standard
contract document if JAXA thinks it appropriate in consideration of the research content
and phase.
5.2 Research agreement summary
There are two types of research agreements based on the applicable category of research: aCommissioned Research Agreement and a Collaborative Research Agreement. There are also
two types of Collaborative Research Agreement: funded by JAXA and not funded.
(1) Commissioned Research Agreement (Funded)- In principle, the Commissioned Research Agreement will be applied to research in the“GCOM-W1 algorithm development (standard algorithm)” category. The Organization shallconduct the research according to the Statement of Work provided by JAXA.
- JAXA will provide the necessary funds and Earth observation satellite data to the Organization to
conduct the research as described in the Statement of Work.
- JAXA will own the research results required to be delivered by the Statement of Work
(Deliverable Research Results).
- JAXA will retain royalty-free rights to use research results other than the Deliverable Research
Results only for its own research and development purposes.
- In the event JAXA provides prior written consent, the Organization may use the Deliverable
Research Results for its own research and development purposes.
- If the Agreement is terminated, the Organization will refund to JAXA any unexpended researchfunds that have already been paid by JAXA.
- JAXA will adjust the amount of the research funds based on a fiscal financial statement at the endof a year-on-year contract.

14

(2) Collaborative Research Agreement (Funded/Non-funded)- In principle, the Collaborative Research Agreement will be applied to research in a category “otherthan” GCOM-W1 algorithm development (standard algorithm).
- JAXA will provide the necessary funds (for funded cases) and Earth observation satellite data to
the Organization to conduct the research.
- In principle, the research results will be jointly owned by the parties.
- JAXA will retain the right to use all results including results belonging to the Organization (if any),
and the Organization will retain the right to use jointly-owned research results only for its own
research and development purposes, without prior consent by the other party.
The difference between a funded agreement and non-funded agreement:-Collaborative Research Agreement (Funded)
JAXA provides part of the research funds and the Earth observation satellite data. JAXA
adjusts the amount of the research funds based on a fiscal financial statement at the end of ayear-on-year contract. The Organization shall submit an interim report and a final report to
JAXA, and shall participate in the workshops to report research progress. If this agreement iscanceled or terminated, the Organization shall refund to JAXA any unexpended funds thathave already been paid by JAXA.
-Collaborative Research Agreement (Non-funded)
JAXA provides the Earth observation satellite data. The Organization shall submit aninterim report and a final report to JAXA. However, such reports can be substituted
with papers published during the research term. Participation in the workshops ishighly recommended.

(3) Publication of results
A PI who wishes to release his or her research results derived from these research activities
to a third party shall-

Provide JAXA with a copy of the publication before release and obtain JAXA’sconsent,
State in the publication that the results are obtained in this RA research, andGrant JAXA an irrevocable and royalty-free right to use the provided publications,
unless an academic society responsible for its publication requires the PI to transfer the
copyright to it.

15

APPENDIX APROPOSAL COVER SHEET AND SCHEDULE

A-1

Proposal Cover Sheet
JAXA GCOM Research Announcement
Proposal No.

(Leave Blank for JAXA Use)

Title
Research category (check one)
GCOM-W1:
Multi-Sensor:

Algorithm (Standard)
Algorithm (Research)
Algorithm
Application

Validation

Application

Principal Investigator
Name

Job Title

Department
Institution
Address
Country
E-mailTelephone
Facsimile

Co - Investigator
Name

Institution

Telephone

E-mailBudget (yen in thousands) (Direct Cost only)
JFY2011

JFY2012

JFY2013TOTAL(Leave Blank for JAXA Use)

Authorizing Official:(Name and Title)

A-2(Institution)

Research Schedule
JFY
Month

2011
4-6

7-9

10-12

2012
1-3

4-6

Milestone

Activities

A-3

7-9

10-12

2013
1-3

4-6

7-9

10-12

1-3

Application for Research Funding, the Current State of Funding and Effort(1) Research Funding Applied for
Funding
Systeme.g., JAXA,JSPS etc.

Research Title(PI name)Rolee.g.,PI
or CI

Budget(throughout
the period)(thousandsof yen)Effort(%)(About this research)

GCOM 3rd RA(JFY2011-13)(2) Research Funding to Be Provided(3) Other activities
100
(%)

Total
(Total of the effort in (1), (2) and (3) above)A-4

Differences in Research andReasons for Additional
Application for This Research

APPENDIX BRESOURCE REQUIREMENTS

B-1

BUDGET SUMMARY
Direct Cost only
1. Personnel Expenses
2011(unit: yen in thousands)
2012
2013
Total

2011

2012

2011

(unit: yen in thousands)
2012
2013
Total

2011

(unit: yen in thousands)
2012
2013
Total

2011

(unit: yen in thousands)
2012
2013
Total

2. Purchases
2.1 Computers / Peripheral Equipment
ITEM

2.2 Software
ITEM

2.3 Expendable Materials and Supplies
ITEM

3. Subcontracts
ITEM

B-2

(unit: yen in thousands)
2013
Total

4. Travel Expenses
Departure Point – Destination(unit: days / times or days / travelers)
2011
2012
2013

5. Observation Equipment
ITEM

2011

(unit: yen in thousands)
2012
2013
Total

6. Satellite Data
Name of
Satellite /Sensors

Distributor(unit: yen in thousands)
Cost

Purpose

2011

2012

2011

(unit: yen in thousands)
Cost
2012
2013
Total

2011

(unit: yen in thousands)
2012
2013
Total

7. Other Data
Name of
Data Sets

Distributor

Purpose8. Others
ITEM

2013

Total

TOTAL (unit: yen in thousands)(Except “4.Travel Expenses”)* Remarks “Overhead Cost” (q.v. 3.4(1)C) of this RA )Please check either of the following boxes:□ Unnecessary□ Deductible with special procedures (e.g. submission of certain application form from JAXA)□ Indispensable (Reason(s): )B-3

BUDGET SUMMARY (EXAMPLE)
1. Personnel Expenses

Part-time job for DSD data analysis

2011(unit: yen in thousands)
2012
2013
Total

2011

(unit: yen in thousands)
2012
2013
Total

2011

(unit: yen in thousands)
2012
2013
Total

2011

(unit: yen in thousands)
2012
2013
Total

2011

(unit: yen in thousands)
2012
2013
Total

320
(40x8)

320(40x8)

160(20x8)

800(100*8)

2. Purchases
2.1 Computers / Peripheral Equipment
ITEM

2.2 Software
ITEM

2.3 Expendable Materials and Supplies
ITEM

8mm tape (112m)
CD-R
MO (640MB)
A4 Paper (package of 500 sheets)
CD-RW Drive

60
100
10
2
50

3. Subcontracts
ITEM

Software development for DSD data
analysis

B-4

300

50
100
15
2

1,500

50
120
10
1

600

160
320
35
5
50

2,400

4. Travel Expenses
Departure Point – Destination(unit: days / times or days / travelers)
2011
2012
2013

Tokyo - Washington, D.C.
Tokyo - Paris
Tokyo - Paris
Tokyo - Osaka

7/2

7/1
5/1

3/1

5. Observation Equipment
ITEM

2011

Micro Rain Radar

1,500(unit: yen in thousands)
2012
2013
Total

1,500

6. Satellite Data
Name of
Satellite /Sensors

Distributor

8/1
6/1

(unit: yen in thousands)
Cost

Purpose

2011

2012

2011

(unit: yen in thousands)
Cost
2012
2013
Total

2011

2012

TOTAL (unit: yen in thousands) 2,342(Except “4.Travel Expenses”)

1,987

7. Other Data
Name of
Data Sets

Distributor

Purpose8. Others
ITEM

B-5

2013

Total

(unit: yen in thousands)
2013
Total

941

5,270

JAXA DATA REQUIREMENTS
1. JAXA-Archived Satellite Datasets(ADEOS, JERS-1, ERS, MOS, LANDSAT, TRMM, Aqua, ADEOS-II, ALOS)

Name of Satellite / Sensor

Quantity(scenes)B-6

PurposeB.1 Instructions for budget summary
Provide a budget summary by cost element (Personnel Expenses, Computers/Peripheral
equipment, Software, Expendable Materials and Supplies, Subcontracts, Travel Expenses,
Observation Equipment, Satellite Data, Other Data, and Others), sorted by Japanese fiscal year
as in the example attached to this form. An annual summary budget should also appear on thelast line.
(1) Personnel expenses
Enter expenses for part-time workers here as the total cost calculated by multiplying the unit
cost per day by the number of days. For part-time workers, use your own cost estimates.
(2) Computers/peripheral equipment/softwareEnter the lease and rental cost of computers and/or peripheral equipment. Note that JAXA
has the right to change specifications of all equipment. Also enter the cost of software here.
(3) Expendable materials and supplies
Enter the quantity of each item, following the example.
(4) Subcontracts
Provide the cost of subcontracts to outside companies or organizations here.
(5) Travel expenses
Describe the proposed domestic and/or international travel including information ondestination and number of days/number of times (or travelers).
(6) Observation equipment
Enter costs of observation equipment including installation cost.
(7) Satellite data
Investigators requesting satellite data other than JAXA-owned or archived data (listed in thenext section) should provide cost information here.
(8) Other data
Enter costs for data other than satellite data.
(9) Others
Enter costs for publication and others here.
B.2 Instructions for data requirements
JAXA-owned satellite data are listed below. JAXA will provide requested data judged
necessary for the proposed research, subject to availability of data processing.
-

Marine Observation Satellite (MOS) (only around Japan)
LANDSAT (only around Japan)
European Remote-sensing Satellite (ERS)-1, 2 (only around Japan; for Japanese
researchers only; available until JFY2002)
Japanese Earth Resources Satellite (JERS)-1 (global)
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)
Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS)
Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) aboard EOS-Aquasatellite
Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II)
Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) (10 scenes from JAXA archives)

Data availability can be checked on JAXA’s Earth Observation Satellite Data Distribution
Service (linked from EORC website, http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/en/about/distribution/index.html).

B-7

APPENDIX COVERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL CHANGE OBSERVATIONMISSION (GCOM)

C-1

1.

Introduction

Comprehensive observation, understanding, assessment, and prediction of global climate change arecommon and important issues for all mankind. This is also identified as one of the importantsocio-economic benefits by the 10-year implementation plan for Earth Observation that was adopted by
the Third Earth Observation Summit to achieve the Global Earth Observation System of Systems(GEOSS). International efforts to comprehensively monitor the Earth by integrating various satellites,
in-situ measurements, and models are gaining importance. As a contribution to this activity, the Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) plans to develop the Global Change Observation Mission(GCOM). GCOM will take over the mission of the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite-II (ADEOS-II)and develop into long-term monitoring of the Earth.
As mentioned in the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC), warming of the climate system is unequivocal as is now evident from observations of increases in
global average air and ocean temperatures and widespread melting of snow and ice. However, climatechange signals are generally small and modulated by natural variability, and are not necessarily uniform
over the Earth. Therefore, the observing system of the climate variability should be stable, and should
cover a long term over the entire Earth.
To satisfy these needs, GCOM consists of two medium-size, polar-orbiting satellite series and multiple
generations (e.g., three generations) with one-year overlaps between consecutive generations forinter-calibration. The two satellite series are GCOM-W (Water) and GCOM-C (Climate). Two
instruments were selected to cover a wide range of geophysical parameters: the Advanced Microwave
Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2) on GCOM-W and the Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI) on
GCOM-C. The AMSR2 instrument will perform observations related to the global water and energy cycle,
while the SGLI will conduct surface and atmospheric measurements related to the carbon cycle andradiation budget. This chapter presents an overview of the mission objectives, observing systems, and data
products of GCOM.
2.

Mission Objectives

The major objectives of GCOM can be summarized as follows.
- Establish and demonstrate a global, long-term Earth-observing system for understanding climate
variability and the water-energy cycle.
- Enhance the capability of climate prediction and provide information to policy makers throughprocess studies and model improvements in concert with climate model research institutions.
- Construct a comprehensive data system integrating GCOM products, other satellite data, and in-situ
measurements.
- Contribute to operational users including weather forecasting, fishery, and maritime agencies by
providing near-real-time data.
- Investigate and develop advanced products valuable for understanding of climate change and water
cycle studies.
Detailed explanations of the objectives are as follows.
(1) Understanding global environment changes
A) Establish and demonstrate a global, long-term Earth-observing system that is able toobserve valuable geophysical parameters for understanding global climate variability andC-2

water cycle mechanisms.
B) Contribute to improving climate prediction models by providing accurate values of model
parameters.
C) Clarify sinks and sources of greenhouse gases.
D) Contribute to validating and improving climate prediction models by forming acollaborative framework with climate model institutions and providing long-term
geophysical datasets to them.
E) Detect trends of global environment changes (e.g., global warming, vegetation changes,
desertification, variation of atmospheric constituents, wide area air pollution, and depletionof ozone layers) from long-term variability of geophysical parameters by extracting
short-term (three- to six-year) natural variability.
F) Advance process studies of Earth environmental changes using observation data.
G) Estimate radiative forcing, energy and carbon fluxes, and albedo by combining satellite
geophysical parameters, ground in-situ measurements, and models.
H) Advance the understanding of the Earth’s system through the activities above.
I) Contribute to an international environmental strategy utilizing the results above.
(2) Direct contribution to improving people’s lives
A) Improvement of weather forecast accuracy (particularly typhoon track prediction, localized
severe rain, etc.).
B) Improvement of forecast accuracy for unusual weather and climate.
C) Improvement of water-route and maritime information.
D) Provision of fishery information.
E) Efficient coastal monitoring.
F) Improved yield prediction of agricultural products.
G) Monitoring and forecasting air pollution including yellow dust.
H) Observation of volcanic smoke and prediction of the extent of the impact.
I) Detection of forest fires.
3.

Observing Systems

3.1. Overall concept
As mentioned in the previous section, the entire GCOM will consist of two satellite series spanning
three generations. However, a budget will be approved for each satellite. Currently, only the GCOM-W1
satellite has been approved for actual development as the first satellite in the GCOM series. Both
GCOM-W1 and GCOM-C1 satellites will be medium-size platforms that are smaller than the ADEOS-II
satellite. This is to reduce the risk associated with large platforms having valuable and multiple observing
instruments. Also, since the ADEOS-II problem was related to the solar paddle, a dual solar-paddle
design was adopted for both satellites. To assure data continuity and consistent calibration, follow-on
satellites will be launched so as to overlap the preceding satellite by one year. The concept is summarized
in Fig. 1.
Japanese Fiscal Year 2011

1-year

GCOM-W1
GCOM-W2

LaunchGCOM-W3
GCOM-C1
GCOM-C2

LaunchGCOM-C3

Fig. 1. GCOM concept
C-3

3.2. GCOM-W1 and AMSR2 instrument
Figure 2 presents an overview of the GCOM-W1 satellite; its major characteristics are listed inTable 1. GCOM-W1 will carry AMSR2 as the sole onboard mission instrument. The satellite will
orbit at an altitude of about 700km and will have an ascending node local time of 1330, to maintainconsistency with Aqua/AMSR-E observations.

Fig. 2. Overview of GCOM-W1 satellite

TABLE 1
MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF GCOM-W1 SATELLITE
Instrument

Size

Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2)
Sun-synchronous orbit
Altitude: 700km (over the equator)
5.1m (X) * 17.5m (Y) * 3.4m (Z) (on-orbit)

Mass

1991kgPower

More than 3880W (EOL)

Launch

JFY2001 by H-IIA Rocket

Design Life

5 years

StatusPhase-D

Orbit

Figure 1 presents an overview of the AMSR2 instrument in two different conditions. Also, basic
characteristics including center frequency, bandwidth, polarization, instantaneous field of view(FOV), and sampling interval are indicated in Table 2. The basic concept is almost identical to thatof AMSR-E: a conical scanning system with a large offset parabolic antenna, feed horn cluster torealize multi-frequency observation, external calibration with two temperature standards, andtotal-power radiometer systems. The 2.0m diameter antenna, which is larger than that of AMSR-E,
provides better spatial resolution at the same orbit altitude of around 700km. The antenna will be
developed based on the experience gained from the 2.0m diameter antenna for ADEOS-II AMSR
except the deployment mechanism. For the C-band receiver, we adopted additional 7.3GHz
channels for possible mitigation of radio-frequency interference. An incidence angle of 55 degrees(over the equator) was selected to maintain consistency with AMSR-E. The swath width of 1450km
and the selected satellite orbit will provide almost complete coverage of the entire Earth’s surface
C-4

within two days independently for ascending and descending observations.

Fig. 3. Sensor unit of AMSR2 instrument in deployed (left) and stowed (right) conditions.
TABLE 2
MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF AMSR2 INSTRUMENT
Parameter
Center Frequency (GHz)

Performance and characteristics
6.925/7.3

10.65

18.7

23.8

36.5

89.0

350

100

200

400

1000

3000

Bandwidth (MHz)Polarization
NE∆T (K)1

Vertical and Horizontal polarization< 0.34/0.43< 0.70< 0.70

Dynamic range (K)< 0.60< 0.70< 1.20/1.40 2

2.7 to 340

Nominal incidence angle (deg.)

55.0

55.0/54.5 2

Beam width (deg.)

1.8

1.2

0.65

0.75

0.35

0.15

IFOV (km) Cross-track x along-track

35x62

24x42

14x22

15x26

7x12

3x5

Approximate sampling interval (km)10

5Swath width (km)> 1450Digital quantization (bits)

12

Scan rate (rpm)40

3.3. GCOM-C1 and SGLI instrument
Figure 4 gives an overview of the GCOM-C1 satellite; its major characteristics are listed in Table 3.
GCOM-C1 will carry SGLI as the sole mission onboard instrument. The satellite will orbit at an altitude
of about 800km; the descending node local time will be 1030, to maintain a wide observation swath andreduce cloud interference over land.

C-5

Fig. 4. Overview of GCOM-C1 satellite
TABLE 3
MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF GCOM-C1 SATELLITE
Instrument

Size

Second-generation Global Imager (SGLI)
Sun-synchronous orbit
Altitude: 798km (over the equator)
4.6m (X) * 16.3m (Y) * 2.8m (Z) (on orbit)

Mass

2093kgPower

More than 4000W (EOL)

Launch

JFY2014 by H-IIA Rocket

Design Life

5 years

StatusPhase-C

Orbit

The SGLI instrument has two major new features: 250m spatial resolution for most of the visible
channels and polarization/multidirectional observation capabilities. The 250m resolution will
provide enhanced observation capability over land and coastal areas where the influences of humanactivity are most obvious. The polarization and multidirectional observations will enable us toretrieve aerosol information over land. Precise observation of global aerosol distribution is a key for
improving climate prediction models.
SGLI consists of two major components: the Infrared Scanner (IRS) and the Visible and
Near-infrared Radiometer (VNR). An overview of the SGLI instrument is shown in Fig. 5 for theentire radiometer layout, IRS, and VNR components. Also, requirements for sensor performance arelisted in Tables 4 and 5. VNR can be further divided into two components: VNR-Non Polarized(VNR-NP) and VNR-Polarized (VNR-P). VNR-NP and VNR-P are the 11-channel multi-band
radiometer and the polarimeter with three polarization angles (0, 60, and 120 degrees). VNR-P has atilting function to meet the scatter angle requirement from aerosol observation. The IRS is an
infrared radiometer covering wavelengths from 1µm to 12µm. It consists of short infrared (SWI;
1.05 to 2.21µm) and thermal infrared (TIR 10.8 and 12.0µm) sensors. It employs a scanning mirror
system with a 45-degree tilted flat mirror rotating continuously to realize an 80-degree observation
swath and calibration measurement in every scan.
Through intensive discussions and optimizing studies, the number of SGLI channels wasdecreased from the 36 channels of GLI aboard ADEOS-II to 19 channels, while the number of
SGLI standard products will increase compared to those of GLI.
C-6

Fig. 5. Overview of SGLI radiometer layout (upper), IRS instrument (lower-left), and VNR radiometers(lower-right).
TABLE 4
SGLI MAJOR PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
Item
Spectral Bands

Scan Angle
Swath width
Instantaneous field of view
(IFOV) at nadir
Observing direction
Quantization
Absolute
Accuracy
Lifetime

Calibration

Requirement
VNR-NP : 11CH 380-865nm
VNR-P: 2CH 673.5, 868.5nm / 0, 60, 120deg Polarization
IRS SWI : 4CH 1.05-2.21µm
IRS TIR : 2CH 10.8, 12.0µm
VNR-NP: 70deg (Push broom scanning)
VNR-P: 55deg (Push broom scanning)
IRS SWI/TIR : 80deg (45deg rotation mirror scanning)
1150km for VNR-NP/P
1400km for IRS SWI/TIR
VNR-NP: 1000m(VN9CH), 250m
VNR-P
: 1000m
IRS SWI: 250m(SW3CH), 1000m(SW1,2,4CH)
IRS TIR: 500m±45 degrees in along track direction for VNR-P
Nadir for VNR-NP, IRS SWI, and IRS TIR
12bit
VNR : ≤3% IRS : ≤5% TIR : ≤0.5K
5 Years

C-7

TABLE 5
SGLI OBSERVATION REQUIREMENT DETAILSCH
VNR-NPVNR-PIRS SWIIRS TIR

4.

VN1
VN2
VN3
VN4
VN5
VN6
VN7
VN8
VN9
VN10
VN11
P1
P2
SW1
SW2
SW3
SW4
T1
T2

λ
∆λ
nm: VNR, IRS SWIµm: IRS TIR
380
10
412
10
443
10
490
10
530
20
565
20
673.5
20
673.5
20
763
12
868.5
20
868.5
20
673.5
20
868.5
20
1050
20
1380
20
1630
200
2210
50
10.8
0.74
12.0
0.74

IFOV
m
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
1000
250
250
1000
1000
1000
1000
250
1000
500
500

SNR
SNR: VNR, IRS SWI
NE∆T(K): IRS TIR
250
400
300
400
250
400
400
250
1200
400
200
250
250
500
150
57
211
0.2
0.2

L (for SNR)
W/m2/sr/µm
60
75
64
53
41
33
23
25
40
8
30
25
30
57
8
3
1.9
300 (K)300 (K)

Products

Geophysical products made available by GCOM-W1 and GCOM-C1 are listed in Tables 6 and 7.
There are two categories of data products: standard product and research product. A “standard”
product is defined as a product with proven accuracy that is to be operationally processed anddistributed. In contrast, a “research” product is a prototype for a standard product and is processedon a research basis. Both tables indicate standard products with shading.

C-8

TABLE 6
GEOPHYSICAL PRODUCTS OF GCOM-W1
Product

Areas

Grid
(km)

Integrated
water vapor

Global,over ocean

Integrated
cloud liquidwater

Accuracy 1
Range

Data releasethresholdStandard

Goal

15±3.5 kg/m2±3.5 kg/m2±2.0 kg/m2

0-70 kg/m2

Vertically integrated (columnar) water vapor
amount. Except sea ice and precipitating areas.

Global,over ocean

15±0.10 kg/m2±0.05 kg/m2±0.02 kg/m2

0-1.0 kg/m2

Vertically integrated (columnar) cloud liquidwater. Except sea ice and precipitating areas.

Precipitation

Global, except
cold latitudes

15

Ocean ±50 % Ocean ±50% Ocean ±20%Land ±120 % Land ±120 % Land ±80 %0-20 mm/h

Surface precipitation rate. Accuracy is defined as
relative error (ratio of root-mean-square error toaverage precipitation rate) in 50km grid average.

Sea surface
temperature

Global,over ocean

50±0.5 °C±0.5 °C±0.2 °C-2-35 °C

Except sea ice and precipitating areas. Goal
accuracy is defined as monthly mean bias error in
10 degrees latitudes.

Sea surface
wind speed

Global,over ocean

15±1.5 m/s±1.0 m/s±1.0 m/s

0-30 m/s

Sea iceconcentration

Polar region,over ocean

15

±10 %

±10 %

±5 %

0-100 %Snow depth

Land

30

±20 cm±20 cm±10 cm0-100 cm

Except ice sheets and dense forest areas. Accuracy
is expressed in snow depth and defined as mean
absolute error of instantaneous observations.

0-40 %

Volumetric water content over global land areas
including arid and cold regions, except areas
covered by vegetation with 2kg/m2 waterequivalent. Accuracy is defined as mean absolute
error of instantaneous observations.

Soil moisture

Land

50

±10 %

±10 %

±5 %

Except sea ice and precipitating areas.

Accuracy is expressed in absolute value of sea ice
concentration (%).

1 Accuracy is defined as root-mean-square error of instantaneous values unless otherwise stated. Assumed validation methodologies
are not explained here.

C-9

TABLE 7
GEOPHYSICAL PRODUCTS OF GCOM-C1 (1/3)
Area Group

commonRadiance

Product

Category

GLI
Day/night
heritage*1

Production unit

Grid size

TIR and land 2.2µm:
TOA radianceboth,A(non-Pol)(including system geometric Standard
Scene
Other VNR, SWI:
B(Pol)
correction)
daytime (+special
operation)
Precise geometric correction

Surface
Atmospheric correctedreflectance reflectance (incl. clouddetection)
Vegetation index

Release threshold*2Standard accuracy*2

Target accuracy*2

VNR,SWI Land/coast:
VNR,SWI: 5% (absolute),
250m,
offshore: 1km,
Radiometric 5% (absolute)*3 1% (relative) *3
polarimetory:1km
Geometric<1 pixel
TIR: 0.5K (@300K)
TIR Land/coast: 500m,
Geometric<0.5 pixel
offshore: 1km

VNR,SWI: 3% (absolute),
0.5% (relative) *3
TIR: 0.5K (@300K)
Geometric<0.3 pixel

LandStandardA

Both

Scene, Global (mosaic 1, 16
days, month)

250m<1pixel<0.5pixel<0.25pixel

Standard

B

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)

250m

0.3 (<=443nm),
0.2 (>443nm) (scene) *7

0.1 (<=443nm),
0.05 (>443nm) (scene) *7

0.05 (<=443nm),
0.025 (>443nm) (scene)*7

Standard

A
Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)

250m

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)

1km
1km
250m, 1km

Grass: 25%, forest: 20% Grass: 20%, forest: 15%
Grass: 10%, forest: 10%(scene)(scene)(scene)Grass: 50%, forest: 50%
Grass: 30%, forest:20%
Grass: 20%, forest: 10%
Grass: 50%, forest: 50%
Grass: 30%, forest:30%
Grass: 20%, forest: 20%
Grass: 50%, forest: 100%
Grass: 30%, forest: 50%
Grass: 10%, forest: 20%
Grass and forest: 40% (scene) Grass and forest: 20% (scene) Grass and forest: 10% (scene)
Grass and forest: 30% (scene) Grass and forest: 20% (scene) Grass and forest: 10% (scene)

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)
Global (month, year)

500m<3.0K (scene)<2.5K (scene)<1.5K (scene)

1km

N/A

N/A

Vegetation fAPAR
and carbon Leaf area index
cycle
Above-ground biomass
Vegetation roughness index
Shadow index

Standard
Standard
Standard
Standard
Standard

B
B
B
B
B

Temperature Surface temperatureStandard

B

BothLand net primary production ResearchC

DaytimeWater stress trend

ResearchC

N/A

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)

500m

N/A

N/A

ResearchB

Both*12

Scene

500m

N/A

N/A

Land cover typeResearch

B

Daytime

250m

N/A

N/A

Land surface albedo

ResearchB

N/A

Global (month, season)
Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)

30% (yearly)
10% *13 (error judgmentrate)
20% *14 (error judgmentrate)
30% (error judgment rate)

1km

N/A

N/A

10%

Cloud flag/Classification

StandardA

Both

Scene, Global（1 day, month）

1km

Classified cloud fraction
Cloud top temp/height
Water cloud OT/effective
radiusIce cloud optical thickness
Water cloud geometrical
thickness
Aerosol over the oceanLand aerosol by near UVStandard
Standard

A
A

DaytimeBothGlobal （1 day, month）

Standard

B

Daytime

Scene, Global （1 day, month）

Application Fire detection index

Cloud
Atmosphere
Aerosol

RadiationbudgetStandard

B

Daytime

Scene, Global（1 day, month）

10%
(with
whole-skyIncl. below cloud amount
Incl. below cloud amountcamera)*9*920% (on solar irradiance)
15% (on solar irradiance)
10% (on solar irradiance)*9*4*51K
3K/2km (top temp/height)
1.5K/1km (temp/height)*5
10%/30%(Cloud100% as CLW*7
50%*7 / 20%*8
OT/radius)*6
30%*6
70%*8
20%*8

ResearchC

Daytime

Scene, Global （1 day, month）

N/A

Standard
Standard

A
B

DaytimeDaytime

Scene, Global （1 day, month）

Aerosol by Polarization

Standard

B

Daytime

Scene, Global （1 day, month）

Long-wave radiation flux

ResearchC

Daytime

Scene, Global （1 day, month）

Short-wave radiation flux

Research

B

Daytime

Scene, Global （1 day, month）

Scene, Global （1 day, month）

1km (scene),
Scene, Global （1 day, month） 0.1deg (global)

C-10

N/A

300m

0.05 (scene τa_670,865)
0.1 (Monthly τa_670,865)*10 0.1(scene τa_670,865)*10
0. 1(scene τa_380 )0.15 (Monthly τa_380)*10 0.15 (scene τa_380)*10
0.15(Monthly
0.15 (scene τa_670,865)*10 0.1 (scene τa_670,865)
τa_670,865)*10
Downward 10W/m2, upward
N/A
N/A
15W/m2 (monthly)
Downward 13W/m2, upward
N/A
N/A
10W/m2TABLE 7
GEOPHYSICAL PRODUCTS OF GCOM-C1 (2/3)
Area Group

Product

Category

Normalized water-leaving
Standard
radiance (incl. clouddetection)
Atmospheric correction
Standard
Ocean color parameter
Photosynthetically available
Standard
radiation
Euphotic zone depth

In-water

GLI
Day/night
heritage*1
B
DaytimeA
B

Chlorophyll-a concentration Standard

A

Ocean

Inherent optical properties
Temperature Sea-surface temperature
Ocean net primary
productivity

Standard

Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)A

DaytimeDaytimeDaytime

Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)
Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)

C

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)

StandardA

Both

Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)

Phytoplankton functional
type

ResearchC

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)

Coast: 250m
Offshore: 1km
Global: 4-9km

50% (<600nm)
30% (<600nm)
0.5W/m2/str/um (>600nm) 0.25W/m2/str/um (>600nm)

N/A−60 to +150% (offshore)−60 to +150% (offshore)

Red tide

Research

B

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)

B

DaytimeA

Both

Coast: 500m
Others: Same as above
Coast: 500m
Others: Same as above

Coast: 250m
Others: Same as above

Application

Area, Global (1, 8 days, month)

Coast: 250m
Offshore: 1km
250m (scene),(global)
250m
1km

CryosphereA

DaytimeA
B

DaytimeDaytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)
Area (1day)
Global (16 days, month)

B

DaytimeArea (1, 8 days)

250m

A

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)

B

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)

500m (scene),(global)250m (scene),(global)B

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)

1km

Snow grain size of top layer ResearchC

DaytimeSnow and ice albedo

B

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)
Global (1, 16 days, month)

250m (scene),(global)1km

Research

60% (443~565nm)−60 to +150% (offshore)

Research

multi sensor merged ocean
Researchcolor
multi sensor merged SST
Research
Snow and Ice covered area
Standard(incl. cloud detection)
Okhotsk sea-ice distribution Standard
Area/
distribution Snow and ice classification Research
Snow covered area in forests
Researchand mountains
Snow and ice surface
Standard
Temperature
Snow grain size of shallow
Standard
layer
SurfaceSnow grain size ofproperties
Research
subsurface layerStandard accuracy*2

20% (10km/month)

Scene, Global (1, 8 days,
month)AC

Release threshold*2

80% (AOT@865nm)

Standard

Research

Grid sizeA

Research

Suspended solid
concentration
Colored dissolved organic
matterProduction unit

C-11

1km

50% (AOT@865nm)
15% (10km/month)

30% (AOT@865nm)
10% (10km/month)

N/A

30%

−60 to +150%−35 to +50% (offshore), −50
to +100% (coast)−60 to +150%−60 to +150%−50 to +100%−50 to +100%

N/A

N/A

a (440): RMSE<0.25, bbp(550): RMSE<0.25

0.8K (daytime)

0.8K (day & night time)

0.6K (day and night time)

N/A

N/A

70% (monthly)

N/A

N/A

error judgment rate of large/
small phytoplankton
dominance<20%; or error
judgment rate of the dominantphytoplankton functionalgroup <40%

N/A

N/A

error judgment rate <20%

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

−35 to +50% (offshore), −50
to +100% (coast)
0.8K (day & night time)

10% (vicarious val with other 7%
sat. data)
5%
N/A

5%

N/A

30%

10%
N/A

N/A

1km 5K (vicarious val with other2K
sat. data and climatology)
1km 100% (vicarious val. with50%
climatology between temp-size)
1km

Target accuracy*2

3%
10%

1K
30%

N/A

N/A

50%

N/A

N/A

50%

N/A

N/A

7%

TABLE 7
GEOPHYSICAL PRODUCTS OF GCOM-C1 (3/3)
Area Group
Cryosphere

Surfaceproperties
Boundary

GLI
Day/night
heritage*1

Product

Category

Snow impurity

Research

B

DaytimeIce sheet surface roughness Research
Ice sheet boundary
Researchmonitoring

C
B

Production unit

Grid size

Daytime

Scene, Global (1, 16 days,
month)
Area (Season)

250m (scene),(global)1km

DaytimeArea (Season)

250m

1km

Release threshold*2Standard accuracy*2

Target accuracy*2

N/A

N/A

50%

N/A

N/A

0.05 *15

N/A

N/A

<500m

Common notes:*1. Heritage levels from ADEOS-II/GLI study are shown by A-C; A: high heritage, B: Remaining issues, C: new or many issues remaining to be resolved*2. The “release threshold” is minimum levels for the first data release at one year from launch. The "standard" and "research" accuracies correspond to full and extra success criteria of the mission. Accuracies
are basically shown by RMSE.
Radiance data notes:*3. Absolute error is defined as offset + noise; relative error is defined as relative errors among channels, FOV, and so on. Release threshold of radiance is defined as estimated errors from vicarious, onboard
solar diffuser, and onboard blackbody calibration because of lack of long-term moon samples
Atmosphere notes:*4. Vicarious val. on sea-surface temperature and comparison with objective analysis data
*5. Inter comparison with airplane remote sensing on water clouds of middle optical thickness*6. Release threshold is defined by vicarious val. with other satellite data (e.g., global monthly statistics in the mid-low latitudes)*7. Comparison with cloud liquid water by in-situ microwave radiometer*8. Comparison with optical thickness by sky-radiometer (the difference can be large due to time-space inconsistence and large error of the ground measurements)*9. Comparison with in-situ observation on monthly 0.1-degree*10. Estimated by experience of aerosol products by GLI and POLDER
Land data notes:*11. Defined with land reflectance~0.2, solar zenith<30deg, and flat surface. Release threshold is defined with AOT@500nm<0.25*12. Night time 250m product can be produced by special observation requests of 1.6µm channel*13. Evaluate in semiarid regions (steppe climate, etc.)*14. Fires >1000K occupying >1/1000 on 1km pixel at night (using 2.2um of 1 km and thermal infrared channels)
Cryosphere notes:*15. Defined as height/width of the surface structures

C-12

APPENDIX DASSOCIATED TERMS AND CONDITIONSOF RESEARCH AGREEMENTS(FOR THE GCOM RESEACH ANNOUNCEMENT)COMMISIONED RESEARCH AGREEMENT FOR THE GLOBAL CHANGE OBSERVATIONMISSION BETWEEN THE JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY AND THE
RESEARCH ORGANIZATION(D-2 ~ D-18)

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AGREEMENT (FUNDED) FOR THE GLOBAL CHANGEOBSERVATION MISSION BETWEEN THE JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCYAND THE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION(D-19 ~ D-34)

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AGREEMENT (NON-FUNDED) FOR THE GLOBALCHANGE OBSERVATION MISSION BETWEEN THE JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATIONAGENCY AND THE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION

D-1(D-35 ~ D-48)

COMMISSIONED RESEARCH AGREEMENTFOR THEGLOBAL CHANGE OBSERVATION MISSIONBETWEEN THE
JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY (JAXA)AND
THE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION(FOR THE RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENTJAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY

D-2

CONTENTS
Article 1.

Definitions ........................................................................................................................4

Article 2.

Purpose and Scope of Research Projects ......................................................................6

Article 3.

Effective Term .................................................................................................................6

Article 4.

Researchers ......................................................................................................................6

Article 5.

JAXA's Performance for Research Projects.................................................................7

Article 6.

The Research Organization's General Responsibilities for Research Projects .........7

Article 7.

Subcontract......................................................................................................................7

Article 8.

Research Funding ...........................................................................................................8

Article 9.

Providing of Earth Observation Satellite Data by JAXA ............................................9

Article 10. Providing of Meteorological Data by JAXA ...............................................................10
Article 11. Disclosure of Technical Data ........................................................................................10
Article 12. Review and Confirmation of Research Results ..........................................................10
Article 13. Ownership and Usage of the Research Results .......................................................... 11
Article 14. Publication of Research Results ...................................................................................12
Article 15. Industrial Property Rights ...........................................................................................12
Article 16. Program/Data Copyrights ............................................................................................13
Article 17. Impossibility of Performance .......................................................................................14
Article 18. Delay of Performance ...................................................................................................15
Article 19. Termination and Refund ..............................................................................................15
Article 20. Ownership of the Rights to the Acquired Equipments ..............................................15
Article 21. Liquidated Damages .....................................................................................................16
Article 22. Force Majeure ...............................................................................................................16
Article 23. Confidentiality ...............................................................................................................16
Article 24. Government Approvals.................................................................................................17
Article 25. Language........................................................................................................................17
Article 26. Special Agreement .........................................................................................................17
Article 27. Dispute Resolution ........................................................................................................17
Article 28. Arbitration .....................................................................................................................17
Article 29. Governing Law ..............................................................................................................17
Attachment A “Earth Observation Satellite Data” ......................................................................18

D-3

COMMISSIONED RESEARCH AGREEMENT

This agreement ("Agreement") is entered into between the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency,
established under the provision of the Law Concerning the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency on
October 1, 2003, represented by its President and having its principal office at 7-44-1 Higashimachi,
Jindaiji, Choufu-shi, Tokyo, Japan ("JAXA") and a research organization ("Research Organization")that submitted an application form for the below described research activities to JAXA, hereinaftercollectively referred to as "the Parties."
WITNESSETH

WHEREAS, the Global Change Observation Mission ("GCOM") aims to construct, use, and verify
systems that enable continuous global-scale observations of effective geophysical parameters forclarifying global climate change and water circulation mechanisms;

WHEREAS, JAXA issued the Research Announcement ("RA") to engage in research activities
directly related to retrieval algorithms for geophysical products, product validation, and dataapplication of GCOM, and the Research Organization applied pursuant to such RA;

WHEREAS, JAXA accepted the Research Organization's proposal that was in response to the RA,
delivered the confirmation sheet and JAXA further desires to utilize such proposal in JAXA's project;
andWHEREAS, JAXA desires to commission the Research Organization to engage in the above research
activities.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements hereinafter set forth, and for othergood and reasonable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, theParties hereby agree as follows:

Article 1.

Definitions

The following capitalized terms shall have the following meanings:"Annual Evaluation" means JAXA's annual review, which is scheduled by JAXA at the end of each
D-4

Japanese fiscal year, of the Research Results (as defined below) from the PIs.

"Application Form" means the application form for the Research Projects (as defined below)
submitted by the Research Organization.

"Co-Investigator" ("CI") means a person who supports the PI (as defined below) in performing the
Research Projects (as defined below) with approval by JAXA.

"Commissioned Research Plan" means the plan described in Attachment A of the Application Form.

"Confirmation Sheet" means the confirmation sheet or the acceptance form prescribed by JAXA
with regard to the Application Form.

"Earth Observation Satellite Data" means data sets obtained from satellites which are retained by
JAXA at the time of execution of this Agreement. The available data sets (including names ofsatellites, sensors, observation period that can be offered, and observation areas) are listed in
Attachment A of this Agreement.

"Industrial Property Rights" means all domestic and foreign patents, utility models and industrial
designs.

"Principal Investigator" ("PI") means the Research Organization employee who was selected to be
responsible for the Research Projects, and who is named in the " Commissioned Research Plan" (asdefined below).

"Potential Industrial Property Rights" means all domestic and foreign application rights for patents,
utility models, or industrial designs.

"Program/Data Copyrights" means all domestic and foreign copyrights related to computer
programs, software and databases.

"Research Funding" means the total amount of funds payable to the Research Organization by
JAXA under Article 8 of this Agreement.

"Research Projects" has the meaning given to it in Article 2, Paragraph 2.

D-5

"Research Results" means the technical results and scientific knowledge derived from theimplementation of the Research Projects pursuant to this Agreement, including all inventions, ideas,
designs, literary works, algorithms, and technological developments, such as programs, that can
execute the algorithm(s).

Article 2.

Purpose and Scope of Research Projects

1. Under the terms and conditions of this Agreement, JAXA hereby commissions the Research
Organization and the Research Organization hereby accepts the commission to engage in the
research activities as set forth in the RA and/or the statement of work issued by JAXA ("Statementof Work"), and/or the Commissioned Research Plan and/or otherwise under this Agreement.
2. The Research Organization's research activities ("Research Projects") shall be carried out inaccordance with (i) the Statement of Work, and (ii) the Commissioned Research Plan.

Article 3.

Effective Term

1. The Agreement shall become effective as of the date of the issuance of the Confirmation Sheetprescribed by JAXA and shall continue in effect until the end of each Japanese Fiscal Year("Agreement Term").
2. The Research Organization may renew the Agreement annually under the same terms andconditions provided that JAXA approves an extension of the research period in the Annual
Evaluation; provided, however, that the Parties mutually agree upon the amount to be paid by
JAXA for such extended period; further provided, however, the Research Organization shallsubmit a renewal Application Form to JAXA and JAXA shall issue a new Confirmation Sheet;further provided, however, that the Agreement Term shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011.
3. Termination of this Agreement shall not affect a Party’s continuing obligation under Paragraph 2
and 3 of Article 9, Article 13, Article 14, Article 15, Article 16, Article 27, Article 28 and Article
29.

Article 4.

Researchers

1. In the event that the PI dies, retires from the Research Organization, takes a leave absent fromwork, or come to be no longer engaged in the Research Projects, the Research Organization shallimmediately notify to JAXA as such and JAXA may at its sole discretion terminate thisAgreement; provided however, if the RO designates a researcher who belongs to the Research
Organization as the PI’s successor and JAXA approves the succession, the Parties may amend thisAgreement, with the succeeding researcher being a new PI. The terms and conditions of theamendment to this Agreement shall be determined upon mutual consultation and consent.
2. In the event that the Research Organization intends to select or add CIs, the Research Organization
D-6

shall first obtain the consent of JAXA for such personnel. The Research Organization shall submit
to JAXA the list of such candidates of CIs and consult with JAXA in order to obtain JAXA'sconsent.
3. The Research Organization shall supervise the PI's and CI's engaging in the Research Projects andshall ensure all PI's and/or CI's engaging in the Research Projects in accordance with the terms andconditions of the Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, with regard to this Agreement, the PIs
and CIs shall not be deemed to be a third party.

Article 5.

JAXA's Performance for Research Projects

JAXA shall make reasonable efforts to perform the following tasks related to the Research Projects:a) Deliver the Earth Observation Satellite Data to the PI;b) Provide satellite operation data, ground validation data and meteorological data; andc) Hold workshops and meetings to evaluate the Research Results and the Progress Reports (asdefined below) and to promote information exchange among PIs and JAXA.

Article 6.

The Research Organization's General Responsibilities for Research
Projects

1. The Research Organization shall conduct and complete the Research Projects in accordance with
the Commissioned Research Plan and the Statement of Work. The progress and results of the
Research Projects by the Research Organization shall be subject to the review of JAXA.
2. For the purpose of ensuring the Research Organization's performance of the above obligations, theResearch Organization shall perform certain actions including, but not limited to:a) Participate in necessary workshops and meetings for the Research Projects and report uponrequest from JAXA;b) Deliver periodically to JAXA the Research Results and the reports ("Progress Reports") in theform specified by JAXA, and in all instances, at least one (1) month before the Annual
Evaluation;c) Deliver the reports as a final report ("Final Reports") by the end of the Agreement Term; andd) Take necessary measures to ensure the PI's and/or CI's compliance with this Agreement.

Article 7.

Subcontract

1. The Research Organization shall not subcontract the whole Research Projects to a third party.
Provided, however, that the Research Organization may subcontract part of it upon prior written
approval of JAXA. Should there be a case where subcontractors re-commission part of the
Research Project to a third party, the company name, address and scope of business of such third
party are required to be submitted to the Research Organization in writing.
D-7

2. If the Research Organization subcontracts the Research Projects to a third party at any tier, any actof such third party in connection with the subcontract shall be deemed to be an act of the Research
Organization and the Research Organization shall be responsible therefor.

Article 8.

Research Funding

1. The Confirmation Sheet identifies the amount of funding to be provided by JAXA to the Research
Organization for the Research Projects ("Research Funding"). JAXA shall, within thirty (30) days
from the date when JAXA receives an invoice duly issued by the Research Organization, makepayment for the Research Funding by wire transfer. All payments stipulated in this Agreement
shall include any charges, taxes or duties levied by any official authorities of the country where
the Research Organization exists.
2. If JAXA fails to pay the Research Funding within the above period, JAXA shall pay to the
Research Organization default interest of six (6) percent per annum on such unpaid amount for theperiod from the immediately succeeding day of due date for payment to the date of actual
payment; provided, however, that if such nonpayment was due to an Act of God or any otherreasons outside of the control of JAXA, the period for which such reasons exist shall not becounted in the number of days subject to payment of default interest.
3. The Research Organization shall submit Budget Summary as attachment of Commissioned Work
Plan at the beginning of every Japanese fiscal year. The Research Organization shall report to
JAXA in advance if there is a need to reallocate the budget between Expense Item Categories of
Budget Summary. For the reallocation in the amount of Expense Item Categories for over 30% or
500,000 Japanese yen, in case the amount of 30% is less than 500,000 Japanese yen, and/or
increase in the personnel cost, the Research Organization shall resubmit the revised Budget
Summary for approval in advance.
4. Throughout the performance of the Agreement, the Research Organization shall maintain books,
records, logs, documents and other evidence sufficient to record all actions taken with respect tothe completion of the Research Project. The Research Organization shall agree to allow JAXA toinspect, copy, and audit such books, records, documents and other evidence at any reasonable time.
The Research Organization shall keep all the accounting documents for 5 (five) years after the endof the research period.
5. If the original contract amount or the amended contract amount, if there is any amendment to theoriginal contract amount, is 1 (one) million Japanese yen or more, the Research Organization
shall submit fiscal financial statement by the end of each Japanese fiscal year. JAXA shall review
the fiscal financial statement, determine the final contract amount which should be within the limitof the original or the amended contract amount, and notify the final contract amount to the
Research Organization. When the amount paid by JAXA in accordance with paragraph 1 above
D-8

exceeds the final contract amount and the excess payment needs to be reimbursed, the Research
Organization is required to make the reimbursement. If the Research Organization fails to pay the
reimbursement, the procedure described in paragraph 2 above shall apply.

Article 9.

Providing of Earth Observation Satellite Data by JAXA

1. JAXA will provide the Research Organization with the Earth Observation Satellite Data for the
Research Projects free of charge subject to the following conditions:a) The Research Organization agrees and accepts that JAXA may not provide all the Earth
Observation Satellite Data which the Research Organization may request;b) JAXA does not guarantee a specific quality or the timely provision of the Earth Observation
Satellite Data;c) The Advanced Land Observing Satellite data, which is one portion of the Earth Observation
Satellite Data and is to be provided to the Research Organization, shall be limited to ten
scenes every fiscal year; andd) JAXA reserves the right to curtail or suspend Earth Observation Satellite Data supply to the
Research Organization due to faults or difficulties relating in the satellites, limitations on theiroperations, or any other reasons.
2. With respect to the Earth Observation Satellite Data provided by JAXA, the Research
Organization shall:a) Only use the Earth Observation Satellite Data for the singular purpose of advancing theefforts of these Research Projects;b) Not duplicate the Earth Observation Satellite Data except for distributing to authorized CIs
the necessary data backups;c) Not distribute the Earth Observation Satellite Data to any third party without JAXA's priorwritten consent; andd) Return or otherwise appropriately manage the Earth Observation Satellite Data uponcompletion of this Agreement, according to the directives of JAXA.
3. Any rights regarding the Earth Observation Satellite Data provided by JAXA shall conform to thefollowing:a) Any rights relating to the Earth Observation Satellite Data shall belong to JAXA or to an
institute designated by JAXA except in the case mentioned in b) below; andb) If value-added products, which means highly processed products that do not retain theoriginal pixel structure and that cannot be converted back to the primary Earth Observation
Satellite Data, are developed in the course of executing the Research Projects, the ownershipof such products shall be determined upon mutual agreement between the Parties, taking into
consideration the degrees of contribution by JAXA and the Research Organization.
D-9

Article 10. Providing of Meteorological Data by JAXA
1. For the purpose of performing the Research Projects, JAXA will attempt to provide the Research
Organization with the meteorological data provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency pursuant
to the agreement between JAXA and the Japan Meteorological Agency ("Meteorological Data").
The Research Organization agrees that JAXA's provision of the Meteorological Data may belimited or otherwise affected by the fact that some rights to the Meteorological Data belong to theJapan Meteorological Agency.
2. The Research Organization shall use the provided Meteorological Data solely for the purpose of
conducting Research Projects.

The Research Organization may not disclose the provided

Meteorological Data to any third party.
3. The Research Organization shall return or otherwise appropriately keep the Meteorological Datain accordance with the instructions of JAXA upon the termination of this Agreement.

Article 11. Disclosure of Technical Data
1. To the extent feasible, each party shall disclose all necessary technical data ("Technical Data")
which does not include the Earth Observation Satellite Data and the Meteorological Data. The
Parties will undertake to handle expeditiously any request for the Technical Data presented by theother party.
2. The Technical Data shall be used and/or disclosed by the receiving party only for the purpose offulfilling the receiving party's responsibilities under this Agreement. The receiving party shallprotect Technical Data from unauthorized use and/or disclosure.
3. The Technical Data shall not be disclosed, duplicated or used by persons or entities other than thereceiving party, or for any other purpose, without the prior consent of the furnishing party.
4. According to directives of the furnishing party, the receiving party shall return or otherwise
dispose of Technical Data provided under the Agreement upon completion of the activities underthe Agreement.

Article 12. Review and Confirmation of Research Results
1. The Research Organization shall deliver the Deliverable Research Results (as defined below)
before the expiration of the Agreement Term. After receiving all Deliverable Research Results,
JAXA may examine the Deliverable Research Results and the performance of the Research
Organization to confirm the completion of the Research Projects.
2. If JAXA reasonably determines that 1) the Deliverable Research Results are not of the required
quality and/or 2) the performance of the Research Organization is inadequate, JAXA may request
the Research Organization to perform remedial activities during a period specified by JAXA andD-10

within the amounts of the Research Funding.
3. The failure to perform the remedial activities contemplated in the foregoing paragraph shallconstitute a default under the Agreement; hence Article 19 of the Agreement shall apply.

Article 13. Ownership and Usage of the Research Results
1. All Research Results required by the Statement of Work to be delivered to JAXA ("Deliverable
Research Results") shall be owned solely by JAXA unless the Research Organization has
reasonably proven that rights related to the Deliverable Research Results were already owned by
the Research Organization on the date of execution of this Agreement.

The Research

Organization may not use in any way JAXA's Deliverable Research Results unless JAXA
provides the Research Organization prior written consent. In the event JAXA provides priorwritten consent to use JAXA's Deliverable Research Results, the Research Organization may use
such Deliverable Research Results only for its own non-military (i.e., peaceful) andnon-commercial purposes.
2. With regard to copyrights in the written documents related to the Deliverable Research Results
including Progress Reports and Final Reports, the Research Organization shall assign such
copyrights to JAXA at the time of delivering the Deliverable Research Results. Such assigned
copyrights include, but not limited to, the rights to translate, transform or otherwise adapt works
and to use derivative works. The Research Organization waives and shall cause its directors,
officers, employees including PIs and CIs, regardless of whether such persons are employed by
the Research Organization, to waive any related moral rights to the assigned copyrights in thewritten documents related to Deliverable Research Results including Progress Reports and Final
Reports and agrees not to rescind such waivers and shall cause such directors, officers, employees
including PIs and CIs to agree not to rescind such waiver.
3. The Research Results other than the Deliverable Research Results ("Non-Deliverable Research
Results") shall be owned by the Research Organization. The Research Organization hereby grants
and will be deemed to have granted to JAXA and JAXA's affiliates a perpetual, irrevocable,royalty-free, non-exclusive, worldwide right to use the Non-Deliverable Research Results (andderivative works thereof); provided, however, JAXA shall use such Non-Deliverable Research
Results (and derivative works thereof) for its own research and development work including, but
not limited to, the granting to commissioned research organizations and/or collaborating researchorganizations the use of such Non-Deliverable Research Results (and derivative works thereof)
4. JAXA may request the Research Organization to disclose any Research Results including the
Non-Deliverable Research Results and other related materials to JAXA.
5. The Research Organization shall not disclose the Deliverable Research Results to a third party
without prior written consent of JAXA.
D-11

Article 14. Publication of Research Results
1. If the Research Organization intends to publish the JAXA's Deliverable Research Results, theResearch Organization shall provide JAXA with a written document regarding the description of
the subjected JAXA's Deliverable Research Results to be published and request a written consent
of JAXA. JAXA will not unreasonably withhold consent from the publishing party's request forsuch publication.
2. Before publishing, the Research Organization shall provide JAXA with a copy of the publication.
JAXA is entitled to an irrevocable and royalty-free right to use the provided publications, unlessthe copyright of such publication is owned or held by an academic society.
3. The Research Organization shall state in the publication that such JAXA's Deliverable Research
Results have been obtained pursuant to this Agreement and identify the owner of the rights to the
Earth Observation Satellite Data and Meteorological Data used in such publication.
4. In the event that a PI or CI wishes to publish or disclose the JAXA's Deliverable Research Results,
the Research Organization shall cause the PI and/or CI to act in accordance with the terms andconditions of this Article and shall cause the PI and/or CI to grant JAXA an irrevocable androyalty-free right to use the provided publications, unless the copyrights to such publication
belongs to an academic society.

Article 15. Industrial Property Rights
1. The Research Organization shall report the existence of Potential Industrial Property Rights
generated in the course of the Research Projects, if any, to JAXA without delay and take thenecessary procedures to file and prosecute applications in JAXA's name, if possible, for theregistration of the resulting Industrial Property Rights, at JAXA's expense and with the approvalof JAXA. The Research Organization shall consult with JAXA and seek JAXA's instructions inadvance regarding every material matter concerning the application for the registration of theresulting Industrial Property Rights. If the Research Organization successfully is granted such
Industrial Property Rights it shall notify JAXA without delay.
2. Unless the Research Organization currently has stipulated work rules regarding the following, theResearch Organization shall institute rules governing, and/or agreements with its employees
which provide that any Potential Industrial Property Rights and/or Industrial Property Rights
owned by and/or held by the employees shall be transferred by such employees to the Research
Organization in the event the employees' inventions and Potential Industrial Property Rights
and/or the Industrial Property Rights related thereto were created or otherwise arose within thescope of the Research Organization's business.
3. If the technology developed by the Research Organization in the course of the Research Projects
D-12

has Potential Industrial Property Rights, JAXA may make an application for such Potential
Industrial Property Rights to be registered Industrial Property Rights in JAXA's name. In this case,
the Research Organization shall submit to JAXA the materials required for the application andotherwise cooperate with JAXA in accordance with JAXA's instructions.
4. The Research Organization shall assign any Potential Industrial Property Rights and/or Industrial
Property Rights contemplated in Paragraph 1 and 2 of this Article 15 to JAXA immediately after
their acquisition, if acquired in the name of the Research Organization. For the avoidance of
doubt, the consideration for such assignment of Potential Industrial Property Rights and/or the
Industrial Property Rights is included in the Research Funding.
5. If the Research Organization requests a license to use the Industrial Property Rights assigned to
JAXA under the preceding paragraph, JAXA will grant the Research Organization a nonexclusive
license unless it is reasonably deemed to be inappropriate. The conditions for the approval shallbe determined by mutual agreement between the Parties as necessary.
6. The Research Organization shall obtain approval of JAXA in advance if the Research
Organization wishes to grant to a third party a license to use the Industrial Property Rights.
7. JAXA shall bear the total or a portion of the costs which the Research Organization paid to the
Research Organization's employee who created the technology which is subject of the Potential
Industrial Property Rights and/or the Industrial Property Rights and transferred such Potential
Industrial Property Rights and/or Industrial Property Rights to the Research Organization inaccordance with Paragraph 2 of this Article 15. The amount to be paid by JAXA shall be based
upon a standard determined solely by JAXA.

Article 16. Program/Data Copyrights
1. The Research Organization shall notify JAXA without delay in the event that the Research
Organization creates a program, software and/or database that may potentially constitute theProgram/Data Copyrights.
2. The Research Organization shall assign to JAXA all Program/Data Copyrights required by theStatement of Work to be delivered to JAXA ("Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights") including,but not limited to, rights to translate, transform or otherwise adapt works and to use derivative
works. The Research Organization waives and shall cause its directors, officers, and employees
including PIs and CIs, regardless of whether such persons are employed by the Research
Organization, to waive any related moral rights to the Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights andagrees not to rescind such waivers and shall cause such directors, officers, employees including
PIs and CIs to agree not to rescind such waiver. For the avoidance of doubt, the consideration forsuch assignment of the Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights is included in the Research Funding.
Provided, however, that the Research Organization may retain the Deliverable Program/Data
D-13

Copyrights, if the Research Organization has reasonably proven that it owned on the date of
execution of this Agreement; further provided, however that the Research Organization may
retain the portion of the Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights regarding the know-how, routine,
subroutine and modules which the Research Organization has designated. In this case, JAXA
shall be entitled to an irrevocable and royalty-free right to use suchknow-how, routine,

subroutine and modules in the form as it is provided to JAXA, even if the ownership of suchknow-how, routine, subroutine and modules are retained by the Research Organization. Such use
by JAXA shall include the right of JAXA to grant a third party the right to use the know-how,routine, subroutine and modules in the form as it is provided to JAXA without paying any
royalties to the Research Organization.
3. The Research Organization shall extend the terms and conditions of this Article to its researcher
who created the copyrightable item and shall prevent that researcher from executing the related
Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights.
4. If the Research Organization requests of JAXA a license to use the assigned Deliverable
Program/Data Copyrights, JAXA will grant the Research Organization such rights unless it isreasonably deemed to be inappropriate. The conditions for the approval shall be determined upon
mutual agreement between the Parties as necessary.
5. After such Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights has been assigned to JAXA, JAXA may modify
a program, software and/or database which is subject of the Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights
and shall bear the risk and responsibility related to such modification.
6. The Program/Data Copyrights other than the Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights("Non-Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights ") shall be owned by the Research Organization.
The Research Organization hereby grants and will be deemed to have granted to JAXA and
JAXA's affiliates a perpetual, irrevocable, royalty-free, non-exclusive, worldwide right to use the
Non-Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights (and derivative works thereof) ; provided however,
JAXA shall use such Non-Deliverable Program/Data Copyrights (and derivative works thereof)
for its own research and development work including, but not limited to, the granting tocommissioned research organizations and/or collaborating research organizations the use of
programs, software and databases related to Non-Deliverable Research Results (and derivative
works thereof).

Article 17. Impossibility of Performance
In the event it becomes impossible for the Research Organization to carry out all or any part of theAgreement due to reasons attributable to the Research Organization, such failure to carry out its
duties shall constitute a default and JAXA may terminate all or any part of the Agreement.

D-14

Article 18. Delay of Performance
1. In the event there is a reasonable basis for which the Research Organization is unable to complete
the Research Projects by the due date set forth in this Agreement, the Research Organization may
make a written request to JAXA for its consideration to extend the due date.
2. If the Research Organization fails to submit the Final Reports and deliverables to JAXA by theextended due date, such failure shall constitute a default and JAXA may terminate all or any partof the Agreement.

Article 19. Termination and Refund
1. Either party may terminate the Agreement:a) When the other party commits a dishonest and/or inequitable act that irreparably harms themutual trust between the Parties; provided, that breaching party fails to offer any effective andsatisfactory remedial measures within seven (7) days after receiving demands for corrective
action from the harmed party;b) When the other party violates any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement provided thatthe breaching party fails to offer any effective and/or satisfactory remedial measures withinseven (7) days after receiving demands for corrective action from the harmed party;c) When the events stipulated in Article 22 occurs; ord) Upon the consent of both Parties.
2. In addition to the preceding Paragraph, JAXA may terminate the whole of or a part of theAgreement at its sole direction upon the occurrence of:a) The events contemplated in Article 4 Paragraph 1, Article 12 Paragraph 3, Articles 17and 18("Agreement Termination Events"); andb) Any other material breach of this Agreement by the Research Organization, PI and CI.
3. Upon the termination of the Agreement, the Research Organization shall promptly deliver to
JAXA all work including, but not limited to, all works in progress and all work that is completed
and otherwise ready for delivery.
4. If the Agreement is terminated as set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Research Organization
shall refund to JAXA any unexpended Research Funding. The Research Organization shall remit
such funds within thirty (30) days from the date when the Research Organization receives an
invoice issued by JAXA with regard to such funds.

Article 20. Ownership of the Rights to the Acquired Equipments
1.

The Research Organization shall transfer, upon the expiration of this Agreement, all rights andownership in the equipment acquired by the Research Organization with the Research Funding;provided, however, that JAXA may determine that any or all such rights and ownership will be
D-15

retained by the Research Organization.
2.

The Research Organization shall manage the equipment acquired with the Research Funding(if any) with the care of a good manager. Such equipment shall be listed in a “List of Property”
which should be submitted to JAXA at the end of each Japanese fiscal year.

Article 21. Liquidated Damages
If the Agreement is terminated by reasons attributable to the Research Organization, PI and/or CI
including, but not limited to, the occurrence of the Agreement Termination Events, the Research
Organization shall pay liquidated damages to JAXA in the amount of ten (10) percent of the portionof the remaining Research Funding in addition to any amount to be refunded under Article 19
Paragraph 4.

Article 22. Force Majeure
Neither party shall be liable for failure, delay or suspension to perform its part of the Agreement
when such failure is due to force majeure circumstances including, but not limited to, fire, war,
unavoidable accidents, government acts or policies, or legal restrictions beyond the reasonable
control of either party. The Party claiming to be affected by force majeure shall promptly notify theother Party in writing on the intervention and on the cessation of such circumstance.

Article 23. Confidentiality
1. In this Agreement, "Confidential Information" means any information that a party discloses orpresents in writing or by other media, to the other party in the course of these Research Projects,
provided however, Confidential Information does not include the following:a) Information that is already known to the public when disclosed by the disclosing party;b) Information that becomes known to the public after the disclosure by the disclosing party
without intentional misconduct or negligence of the receiving party;c) Information that the receiving party already had before the disclosure by the disclosing party;d) Information that the receiving party acquires from a duly authorized third party not subject toconfidentiality obligations;e) Information that the receiving party independently develops without utilizing information
obtained from the disclosing party;f) Information with a prior written consent of the disclosing party for the disclosure and the
publication; org) Information that is required to be disclosed by applicable laws, judgment or order of acompetent court. In this case, the receiving party shall promptly notify the disclosing party of
the necessity of disclosure.
D-16

2. The receiving party shall keep the Confidential Information secret and shall not disclose or
divulge any Confidential Information to a third party without a prior written consent of thedisclosing party.
3. The confidentiality obligation under this Article shall remain effective for a period of five (5)years after the termination of the Agreement. However this period of keeping confidentiality may
be extended or shortened by mutual agreement.

Article 24. Government Approvals
Each party shall obtain such permits, licenses, and other government authorizations as are requiredfor it to perform its responsibilities under the Agreement, and shall comply with all respective laws
and regulations.

Article 25. Language
All communications between the Research Organization and JAXA under this Agreement shall be in
English.

Article 26. Special Agreement
Any supplement, modification or amendment of this Agreement shall only be binding if made upon
the Parties' mutual written agreement which makes specific reference to this Agreement.

Article 27. Dispute Resolution
The Parties agree to put forth their best efforts to solve amicably any dispute, controversy, ordifference arising out of, in connection with, or resulting from this Agreement.

Article 28. Arbitration
All disputes that cannot be amicably settled by the method defined in the previous Article hereof
will be settled by arbitration in Tokyo in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of theJapan Commercial Arbitration Association.

Article 29. Governing Law
The Agreement shall be governed and interpreted under the laws of Japan.

D-17

Attachment A “Earth Observation Satellite Data”

Name of Satellite or Sensor
ALOS(Advanced Land Observation Satellite)
MOS(Marine Observation Satellite)
JERS(Japanese Earth Observation Satellite)
ADEOS(Advanced Earth Observation Satellite)
ADEOS-II(Advanced Earth Observation Satellite-II)
AMSR-E(Advanced Microwave ScanningRadiometer for EOS-Aqua satellite)
TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)
ERS(European Remote-Sensing Satellite)
LANDSAT＊(Land Satellite)

Observation Period(YY/MM/DD)
2006/05/16～

Observable Area

1987/02/23～1996/04/19

1992/09/01～1998/10/11

Around Japan,
Antarctic andSoutheast Asia
Global1996/10/15～1997/6/29

Global2003/01/18～2003/10/24

Global2002/06/19～

Global1997/12/01～

Global1991/08/18～2003/03/29

Around Japan andAntarctic
Around Japan

1979/02/19～2002/03/31* LANDSAT-5 data received by 2001/3/31 will be available in the dataset.

D-18

GlobalCOLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AGREEMENT (FUNDED)FOR THEGLOBAL CHANGE OBSERVATION MISSIONBETWEEN THE
JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY (JAXA)AND
THE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION(FOR THE RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENTJAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY

D-19

CONTENTS
Article 1.

Definitions .....................................................................................................................21

Article 2.

Purpose and Scope of Research Projects ...................................................................23

Article 3.

Effective Term ...............................................................................................................23

Article 4.

Researchers ...................................................................................................................23

Article 5.

JAXA's Performance for Research Projects ..............................................................24

Article 6.

The Research Organization's General Responsibilities for Research Projects .......24

Article 7.

Research Funding .........................................................................................................24

Article 8.

Subcontract ...................................................................................................................25

Article 9.

Providing of Earth Observation Satellite Data by JAXA .........................................26

Article 10. Providing of Meteorological Data by JAXA...............................................................27
Article 11. Disclosure of Technical Data........................................................................................27
Article 12. Ownership and Usage of Research Results ................................................................27
Article 13. Publication of Research Results ..................................................................................28
Article 14. Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property Rights ..............................................................29
Article 15. Solely-Owned Intellectual Property Rights ................................................................30
Article 16. Termination and Refund ..............................................................................................30
Article 17. Ownership of the Rights to the Acquired Equipments..............................................31
Article 18. Limitations on Liabilities .............................................................................................31
Article 19. Confidentiality ..............................................................................................................31
Article 20. Designation of Know-How ...........................................................................................32
Article 21. Government Approvals ................................................................................................32
Article 22. Language .......................................................................................................................32
Article 23. Special Agreement ........................................................................................................32
Article 24. Dispute Resolution ........................................................................................................32
Article 25. Arbitration ....................................................................................................................32
Article 26. Governing Law .............................................................................................................33
Attachment A “Earth Observation Satellite Data” ......................................................................34

D-20

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AGREEMENT

This agreement ("Agreement") is entered into between the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency,
established under the provision of the Law Concerning the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency on
October 1, 2003, represented by its President and having its principal office at 7-44-1 Higashimachi,
Jindaiji, Choufu-shi, Tokyo, Japan ("JAXA") and a research organization ("Research Organization")that submitted an application form for the below described research activities to JAXA, hereinaftercollectively referred to as "the Parties."
WITNESSETH

WHEREAS, the Global Change Observation Mission ("GCOM") aims to construct, use, and verify
systems that enable continuous global-scale observations of effective geophysical parameters forclarifying global climate change and water circulation mechanisms;

WHEREAS, JAXA issued the Research Announcement ("RA") to engage in collaborative research
activities directly related to retrieval algorithms for geophysical products, product validation, and dataapplication of GCOM, and the Research Organization applied pursuant to such RA;

WHEREAS, JAXA accepted the Research Organization's proposal that was in response to the RA,
delivered the confirmation sheet to the Research Organization and JAXA further desires to utilize suchproposal in JAXA's project; andWHEREAS, JAXA desires to engage in the above research activities in collaboration with the
Research Organization.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements hereinafter set forth, and for othergood and reasonable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, theParties hereby agree as follows:

Article 1.

Definitions

The following capitalized terms shall have the following meanings:"Annual Evaluation" means JAXA's annual review, which is scheduled by JAXA at the end of each
D-21

Japanese fiscal year, of the Research Results (as defined below) from the PIs.

"Application Form" means the application form for the Research Projects (as defined below)
submitted by the Research Organization.

"Co-Investigator" ("CI") means a person who supports the PI (as defined below) in performing the
Research Projects (as defined below) with approval by JAXA.

"Collaborative Research Plan" means the plan described in Attachment A of the Application Form.

"Confirmation Sheet" means the confirmation sheet or the acceptance form prescribed by JAXA
with regard to the Application Form.

"Earth Observation Satellite Data" means data sets obtained from satellites which are retained by
JAXA at the time of execution of this Agreement. The available data sets (including names ofsatellites, sensors, observation period that can be offered, and observation areas) are listed in
Attachment A of this Agreement.

"Intellectual Property Rights" means the following:(i) Industrial Property Rights (as defined below);(ii) Potential Industrial Property Rights (as defined below); and(iii) Program/Data Copyrights (as defined below).

"Industrial Property Rights" means all domestic and foreign patents, utility models, and industrial
designs.

"Potential Industrial Property Rights" means all domestic and foreign application rights for patents,
utility models, or industrial designs.

"Principal Investigator" ("PI") means the Research Organization employee who was selected to be
responsible for the Research Projects, and who is named in the Collaborative Research Plan.

"Program/Data Copyrights" means all domestic and foreign copyrights related to computer
programs, software and databases.

"Research Funding" means the total amount of funds payable to the Research Organization by
D-22

JAXA under Article 7 of this Agreement.

"Research Projects" has the meaning given to it in Article 2, Paragraph 2.

"Research Results" means the technical results and scientific knowledge derived from theimplementation of the Research Projects pursuant to this Agreement, including all inventions, ideas,
designs, literary works, algorithms, and technological developments, such as programs, that can
execute the algorithm(s).

Article 2.

Purpose and Scope of Research Projects

1. Under the terms and conditions of this Agreement, JAXA and the Research Organization hereby
agree to work in collaboration with regard to the research activities as set forth in the RA, and/or
the Collaborative Research Plan and/or otherwise under this Agreement.
2. The Parties' research activities ("Research Projects") shall be carried out in accordance with the
Collaborative Research Plan.

Article 3.

Effective Term

1. The Agreement shall become effective as of the date of the issuance of the Confirmation Sheetprescribed by JAXA and shall continue in effect until the end of each Japanese Fiscal Year("Agreement Term").
2. The Research Organization may renew the Agreement annually under the same terms andconditions provided that JAXA approves an extension of the research period in the Annual
Evaluation; provided, however, that the Parties mutually agree upon the amount to be paid by
JAXA for such extended period; further provided, however, the Research Organization shallsubmit a renewal Application Form to JAXA and JAXA shall issue a new Confirmation Sheet;further provided, however, that the Agreement Term shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011.
3. Termination of this Agreement shall not affect a Party’s continuing obligation under Paragraph 2
and 3 of Article 9, Article 12, Article 13, Article 14, Article 15, Article 24, Article 25 and Article
26.

Article 4.
1.

Researchers

In the event that the PI dies, retires from the Research Organization, takes a leave absent fromwork, or come to be no longer engaged in the Research Projects, the Research Organization shallimmediately notify to JAXA as such and JAXA may at its sole discretion terminate thisAgreement; provided however, if the RO designates a researcher who belongs to the Research
Organization as the PI’s successor and JAXA approves the succession, the Parties may amend thisD-23

Agreement, with the succeeding researcher being a new PI. The terms and conditions of theamendment to this Agreement shall be determined upon mutual consultation and consent.
2. In the event that the Research Organization intends to select or add CIs, the Research Organization
shall first obtain the consent of JAXA for such personnel. The Research Organization shall submit
to JAXA the list of such candidates of CIs and consult with JAXA in order to obtain JAXA'sconsent.
3. The Research Organization shall supervise the PI's and CI's engaging in the Research Projects andshall ensure all PI's and/or CI's engaging in the Research Projects in accordance with the terms andconditions of the Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, with regard to this Agreement, the PIs
and CIs shall not be deemed to be a third party.

Article 5.

JAXA's Performance for Research Projects

JAXA shall make reasonable efforts to perform the following tasks related to the Research Projects:a) Deliver the Earth Observation Satellite Data to the PI;b) Provide satellite operation data, ground validation data and meteorological data;c) Evaluate the Research Result and the Progress Reports (as defined below) for the Annual
Evaluation and send the results to the PI; andd) Hold workshops and meetings to evaluate the Research Results and the Progress Reports andto promote information exchange among PIs and JAXA.

Article 6.

The Research Organization's General Responsibilities for Research
Projects

1. The Research Organization shall conduct and complete the Research Projects in accordance with
the Collaborative Research Plan.
2. For the purpose of ensuring the Research Organization's performance of the above obligations, theResearch Organization shall perform certain actions including, but not limited to:a) Participate in necessary workshops and meetings for the Research Projects and report uponrequest from JAXA;b) Deliver periodically to JAXA the Research Results and the reports ("Progress Reports") in theform specified by JAXA , and in all instances, at least one (1) month before the Annual
Evaluation;c) Deliver the reports as a final report ("Final Reports") by the end of the Agreement Term; andd) Take necessary measures to ensure the PI's and/or CI's compliance with this Agreement.
Article 7.

Research Funding

1. The Confirmation Sheet identifies the amount of funding to be provided by JAXA to the Research
D-24

Organization for the Research Projects ("Research Funding"). JAXA shall, within thirty (30) days
from the date when JAXA receives an invoice duly issued by the Research Organization, makepayment for the Research Funding by wire transfer. All payments stipulated in this Agreement
shall include any charges, taxes or duties levied by any official authorities of the country where
the Research Organization exists.
2. If JAXA fails to pay the Research Funding within the above period, JAXA shall pay to the
Research Organization default interest of six (6) percent per annum on such unpaid amount for theperiod from the immediately succeeding day of due date for payment to the date of actual
payment; provided, however, that if such nonpayment was due to an Act of God or any otherreasons outside of the control of JAXA, the period for which such reasons exist shall not becounted in the number of days subject to payment of default interest.
3. The Research Organization shall submit Budget Summary as attachment of Commissioned Work
Plan at the beginning of every Japanese fiscal year. The Research Organization shall report to
JAXA in advance if there is a need to reallocate the budget between Expense Item Categories of
Budget Summary. For the reallocation in the amount of Expense Item Categories for over 30% or
500,000 Japanese yen, in case the amount of 30% is less than 500,000 Japanese yen, or increase in
the personnel cost, the Research Organization shall resubmit the revised Budget Summary for
approval in advance.
4. Throughout the performance of the Agreement, the Research Organization shall maintain books,
records, logs, documents and other evidence sufficient to record all actions taken with respect tothe completion of the Research Project. The Research Organization shall agree to allow JAXA toinspect, copy, and audit such books, records, documents and other evidence at any reasonable time.
The Research Organization shall keep all the accounting documents for 5 (five) years after the endof the research period.
5. If the original contract amount or the amended contract amount, if there is any amendment to theoriginal contract amount, is 1 (one) million Japanese yen or more, the Research Organization shallsubmit fiscal financial statement by the end of each Japanese fiscal year. JAXA shall review the
fiscal financial statement, determine the final contract amount which should be within the limit of
the original or the amended contract amount, and notify the final contract amount to the Research
Organization. When the amount paid by JAXA in accordance with paragraph 1 above exceeds the
final contract amount and the excess payment needs to be reimbursed, the Research Organizationis required to make the reimbursement.

If the Research Organization fails to pay the

reimbursement, the procedure described in paragraph 2 above shall apply.

Article 8.

Subcontract

The Research Organization shall not re-commission the whole Research Projects to a third party.
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Provided, however, that the Research Organization may re-commission part of it upon prior written
approval of JAXA. Should there be a case where subcontractors re-commission part of the Research
Projects to a third party, the company name, address and scope of business of such third party are
required to be submitted to the Research Organization in writing. If the Research Organization
re-commission the Research Projects to a third party at any tier, any act of such third party inconnection with the subcontract shall be deemed to be an act of the Research Organization and the
Research Organization shall be responsible therefore.

Article 9.

Providing of Earth Observation Satellite Data by JAXA

1. JAXA will provide the Research Organization with the Earth Observation Satellite Data for the
Research Projects free of charge subject to the following conditions:a) The Research Organization agrees and accepts that JAXA may not provide all the Earth
Observation Satellite Data which the Research Organization may request;b) JAXA does not guarantee a specific quality or the timely provision of the Earth Observation
Satellite Data;c) The Advance Land Observing Satellite data, which is one portion of the Earth Observation
Satellite Data and is to be provided to the Research Organization, shall be limited to ten
scenes every fiscal year; andd) JAXA reserves the right to curtail or suspend Earth Observation Satellite Data supply to the
Research Organization due to faults or difficulties relating to the satellites, limitations on theiroperations, or any other reasons.
2. With respect to the Earth Observation Satellite Data provided by JAXA, the Research
Organization shall:a) Only use the Earth Observation Satellite Data for the singular purpose of advancing theefforts of the Research Projects;b) Not duplicate the Earth Observation Satellite Data except for distributing to authorized CIs
the necessary data backups;c) Not distribute the Earth Observation Satellite Data to any third party without JAXA's priorwritten consent; andd) Return or otherwise appropriately manage the Earth Observation Satellite Data uponcompletion of this Agreement, according to the directives of JAXA.
3. Any rights regarding the Earth Observation Satellite Data provided by JAXA shall conform to thefollowing:a) Any rights relating to the Earth Observation Satellite Data shall belong to JAXA or to an
institute designated by JAXA except in the case mentioned in b) below; andb) If value-added products, which mean highly processed products that do not retain the originalD-26

pixel structure and that cannot be converted back to the primary Earth Observation Satellite
Data, are developed in the course of executing the Research Projects, the ownership of suchproducts shall be determined upon mutual agreement between the Parties, taking into
consideration the degrees of contribution by JAXA and the Research Organization.

Article 10. Providing of Meteorological Data by JAXA
1. For the purpose of performing the Research Projects, JAXA will attempt to provide the Research
Organization with the meteorological data provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency pursuant
to the agreement between JAXA and the Japan Meteorological Agency ("Meteorological Data").
The Research Organization agrees that JAXA's provision of the Meteorological Data may belimited or otherwise affected by the fact that some rights to the Meteorological Data belong to theJapan Meteorological Agency.
2. The Research Organization shall use the provided Meteorological Data solely for the purpose of
conducting the Research Projects. The Research Organization may not disclose the provided
Meteorological Data to any third party.
3. The Research Organization shall return or otherwise appropriately keep the Meteorological Datain accordance with the instructions of JAXA upon the termination of this Agreement.

Article 11. Disclosure of Technical Data
1. To the extent feasible, each party shall disclose all necessary technical data ("Technical Data")
which does not include the Earth Observation Satellite Data and the Meteorological Data. The
Parties will undertake to handle expeditiously any request for the Technical Data presented by theother party.
2. The Technical Data shall be used and/or disclosed by the receiving party only for the purpose offulfilling the receiving party's responsibilities under this Agreement. The receiving party shallprotect any such Technical Data from unauthorized use and/or disclosure.
3. The Technical Data shall not be disclosed, duplicated or used by persons or entities other than thereceiving party without the prior consent of the furnishing party.
4. According to directives of the furnishing party, the receiving party shall return or otherwise
dispose of Technical Data provided under the Agreement upon completion of the activities underthe Agreement.

Article 12. Ownership and Usage of Research Results
1. All Research Results shall be jointly owned by the Parties ("Jointly-Owned Research Results")
unless one party reasonably proves that it solely generates the Research Results solely in thecourse of the Research Projects. For the avoidance of doubt, only if the product is the result of the
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Research Organization's sole work and sole funding shall such product be deemed to be the solely
generated Research Results by the Research Organization.
2. Generally, JAXA and the Research Organization shall enter into a separate agreement and obtainthe consent of the other party with regard to the usage of Jointly-Owned Research Results.
However, if each party uses such Jointly-Owned Research Results peacefully (i.e., non-military
purposes) and for non-commercial purposes, consent of the other party is not required. In theevent that a party intends to grant a third party a license to use such Jointly-Owned Research
Results, the party shall obtain the prior written consent from the other party.
3. In the event that the Research Organization solely owns some portion of the Research Results, theResearch Organization hereby grants and will be deemed to have granted to JAXA an irrevocable,royalty-free, non-exclusive, worldwide right to use such Research Results (and derivative works
thereof including Progress Reports and Final Reports); provided, however, JAXA shall use such
Research Results (and derivative works thereof including Progress Reports and Final Reports) for
its own research and development work including, but not limited to, the granting tocommissioned research organizations and/or collaborating research organizations the use of such
Research Results (and derivative works thereof).
4. With regard to copyrights in the Progress Reports and Final Reports, regardless of whether they
relate to the Research Organization's Research Result or not, the Research Organization waives
and shall cause its directors, officers, employees including PIs and CIs, regardless of whether such
persons are employed by the Research Organization, to waive any related moral rights to the
copyrights in the Progress Reports and Final Reports and agrees not to rescind such waivers andshall cause such directors, officers, employees including PIs and CIs to agree not to rescind such
waiver.

Article 13. Publication of Research Results
1. Regardless as to whether the Research Results are owned solely or jointly, if either party intends topublish the Research Results which are owned by the other party, the publishing party shallprovide the other party with a written document regarding the description of the subjected
Research Results to be published and request a written consent of the other party. The other party
will not unreasonably withhold consent from the publishing party's request for such publication.
2. Before publishing, the publishing party shall provide the other party with a copy of the publication.
Each party is entitled to an irrevocable and royalty-free right to use the provided publications,
unless the copyright of such publication is owned or held by an academic society.
3. The Research Organization shall state in the publication that such Research Results have beenobtained pursuant to this Agreement and identify the owner of the rights to the Earth Observation
Satellite Data and Meteorological Data used in such publication.
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4. In the event that a PI or CI wishes to publish or disclose the Research Results, the Research
Organization shall cause the PI and/or CI to act in accordance with the terms and conditions of this
Article and shall cause the PI and/or CI to grant JAXA an irrevocable and royalty-free right to use
the provided publications, unless the copyright of the paper belongs to an academic society.

Article 14. Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property Rights
1. All Intellectual Property Rights generated in the course of the Research Projects shall be jointly
owned by the Parties unless such rights are deemed to be Solely-Owned Intellectual Property as
defined in Article 15 below. JAXA or the Research Organization shall give the other party prompt
written notice of Intellectual Property Rights generated and discuss the ownership of suchgenerated Intellectual Property Rights, as well as whether it is necessary to submit an application
for registration of such Intellectual Property Rights.
2. JAXA and the Research Organization shall enter into a separate joint ownership agreement ("Joint
Ownership Agreement") unless they decide not to make an application for the registration of theresulting Intellectual Property Rights. The Joint Ownership Agreement shall provide theallocation of Intellectual Property Rights related to, or the allocation of an interest in, such joint
innovation or work.
3. After entering into the Joint Ownership Agreement, JAXA and the Research Organization shalltake the necessary procedures to secure the joint ownership of the Intellectual Property Rights.
4. JAXA and/or Research Organization shall take any necessary procedures for any Industrial
Property Rights owned by and/or held by each employees to be transferred by such employee to
JAXA or the Research Organization in the event the employees' inventions and the Industrial
Property Rights related thereto were created or otherwise arose within the scope of the Research
Organization's business.
5. If a party alters or improves the Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property within one (1) year from thecompletion of this Agreement, the party shall provide a written notice to the other party describing
the alterations or improvements.
6. A party may grant to any third party a license to use the Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property
Rights, provided, however that the relevant party shall obtain the written prior consent of the otherparty, and determine the licensing terms after discussion with the other party. In this case, therelevant party shall collect the usage fee from such third party as set forth in the separate usage
agreement. The usage fee to be collected from the third party shall be distributed between JAXA
and Research Organization pro rata in proportion to their respective interests in those rights.
7. JAXA and the Research Organization may transfer their respective interests to the Jointly-Owned
Intellectual Property Rights only to their respective designees after discussion between JAXA andthe Research Organization pursuant to a separate transfer agreement. In this event, the relevant
D-29

party shall cause its designee to succeed to all of its rights and obligations with respect to thoseIntellectual Property Rights.
8. If JAXA or the Research Organization disclaims its interests in the Jointly-Owned Intellectual
Property Rights, the relevant party shall give the other party prior notice thereof and transfer its
interests to the other party, only if the other party wishes to acquire it.
9. Any expenses, costs and charges required for the application procedure and protection of the
Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property Rights shall be borne by JAXA and Research Organization
pro rata in proportion to their respective interests.

Article 15. Solely-Owned Intellectual Property Rights
1. If a party solely generates Potential Intellectual Property Rights in the course of the Research
Projects ("Solely-Owned Intellectual Property Rights") the party shall notify such fact to the otherparty without delay. In this case, the party may take steps to apply for the registration of theresulting Intellectual Property Rights as solely-owned ones at its own expense, provided that itshall obtain prior confirmation of the other party. For the avoidance of doubt, only if Potential
Intellectual Property Rights are generated or created by the Research Organization's sole work andsole funding shall such Potential Intellectual Property Rights be deemed to be solely generated or
created by the Research Organization.
2. In the event of an emergence of Solely-Owned Intellectual Property Rights, the Research
Organization and/or the PI shall grant JAXA an irrevocable, royalty-free and non-exclusive rightto use such Intellectual Property Rights for JAXA's own research and development.

Article 16. Termination and Refund
1. Either party may terminate the Agreement:a) When the other party commits a dishonest and/or inequitable act that irreparably harms themutual trust between the Parties; provided, that breaching party fails to offer any effective andsatisfactory remedial measures within seven (7) days after receiving demands for corrective
action from the harmed party;b) When the other party violates any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement provided thatthe breaching party fails to offer any effective and/or satisfactory remedial measures withinseven (7) days after receiving demands for corrective action from the harmed party; orc) Upon the consent of both Parties.
2. Upon the termination of the Agreement, the Research Organization shall promptly deliver to
JAXA all work including, but not limited to, all works in progress and all work that is completed
and otherwise ready for delivery.
3. If the Agreement is terminated as set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Research Organization
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shall refund to JAXA any unexpended Research Funding. The Research Organization shall remit
such funds within thirty (30) days from the date when the Research Organization receives an
invoice issued by JAXA with regard to such funds.

Article 17. Ownership of the Rights to the Acquired Equipments
1.

The Research Organization shall transfer, upon the expiration of this Agreement, all rights andownership in the equipment acquired by the Research Organization with the Research Funding;provided, however, that JAXA and the Research Organization may determine through mutual
agreement that any or all such rights and ownership will be retained by the Research
Organization.

2.

The Research Organization shall manage the equipment acquired with the Research Funding(if any) with the care of a good manager. Such equipment shall be listed in a “List of Property”
which should be submitted to JAXA at the end of each Japanese fiscal year.

Article 18. Limitations on Liabilities
JAXA and the Research Organization agree to waive any claim against the other with respect todamage of any kind, or any loss of its own property or property of its related entities arising out ofactivities under this Agreement ("Damages"), except such Damages which arise through grossnegligence or willful misconduct and except Intellectual Property Rights.

Article 19. Confidentiality
1. In this Agreement, "Confidential Information" means any information that a party discloses orpresents in writing or in by other media, to the other party in the course of these Research Projects,
provided however, Confidential Information does not include the following:a) Information that is already known to the public when disclosed by the disclosing party;b) Information that becomes known to the public after the disclosure by the disclosing party
without intentional misconduct or negligence of the receiving party;c) Information that the receiving party already had before the disclosure by the disclosing party;d) Information that the receiving party acquires from a dully authorized third party not subject toconfidentiality obligations;e) Information that the receiving party independently develops without utilizing information
obtained from the disclosing party;f)Information with a prior written consent of the disclosing party for the disclosure and the
publication; org) Information that is required to be disclosed by applicable laws, judgment or order of acompetent court. In this case, the receiving party shall promptly notify the disclosing party of
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the necessity of disclosure.
2. The receiving party shall keep the Confidential Information secret, and shall not disclose or
divulge any Confidential Information to a third party without prior written consent of thedisclosing party.
3. The confidentiality obligation under this Article shall remain effective for a period of five (5)years after the termination of the Agreement. However this period of keeping confidentiality may
be extended or shortened by mutual agreement.

Article 20. Designation of Know-How
1. After mutual agreement by the Parties, JAXA and the Research Organization shall promptly
designate as know-how the Research Results which are appropriately to be treated as know-how("Know-How").
2. After designating the Know-How, such Know-How should be kept in confidence in principle, forfive (5) years commencing on the day immediately following the date of the completion of thisAgreement; provided, however, that JAXA and the Research Organization may extend or shortenthat period upon mutual agreement.

Article 21. Government Approvals
Each party shall obtain such permits, licenses, and other government authorizations as are requiredfor it to perform its responsibilities under the Agreement, and shall comply with all respective laws
and regulations.

Article 22. Language
All communications between the Research Organization and JAXA under this Agreement shall be in
English.

Article 23. Special Agreement
Any supplement, modification or amendment of this Agreement shall only be binding if made upon
the Parties' mutual written agreement which makes specific reference to this Agreement.

Article 24. Dispute Resolution
The Parties agree to put forth their best efforts to solve amicably any dispute, controversy, ordifference arising out of, in connection with, or resulting from this Agreement.

Article 25. Arbitration
All disputes that cannot be amicably settled by the method defined in the previous Article hereof
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will be settled in Tokyo by non-binding arbitration.

Article 26. Governing Law
The Agreement shall be governed and interpreted under the laws of Japan.

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Attachment A “Earth Observation Satellite Data”
Name of Satellite or Sensor
ALOS(Advanced Land Observation Satellite)
MOS(Marine Observation Satellite)
JERS(Japanese Earth Observation Satellite)
ADEOS(Advanced Earth Observation Satellite)
ADEOS-II(Advanced Earth Observation Satellite-II)
AMSR-E(Advanced Microwave ScanningRadiometer for EOS-Aqua satellite)
TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)
ERS(European Remote-Sensing Satellite)
LANDSAT＊(Land Satellite)

Observation Period(YY/MM/DD)
2006/05/16～

Observable Area

1987/02/23～1996/04/19
1992/09/01～1998/10/11

Around Japan, Antarctic
and Southeast Asia
Global1996/10/15～1997/6/29

Global2003/01/18～2003/10/24

Global2002/06/19～

Global1997/12/01～

Global1991/08/18～2003/03/29

Around Japan andAntarctic
Around Japan

1979/02/19～2002/03/31

Global* LANDSAT-5 data received by 2001/3/31 will be available in the dataset.

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COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AGREEMENT (NON-FUNDED)FOR THEGLOBAL CHANGE OBSERVATION MISSIONBETWEEN THE
JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY (JAXA)AND
THE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION(FOR THE RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENT)

JAPAN AEROSPACE EXPLORATION AGENCY

D-35

CONTENTS
Article 1.

Definitions .....................................................................................................................37

Article 2.

Purpose and Scope of Research Projects ..................................................................39

Article 3.

Effective Term...............................................................................................................39

Article 4.

Researchers ...................................................................................................................39

Article 5.

JAXA's Performance for Research Projects ..............................................................40

Article 6.

The Research Organization's General Responsibilities for Research Projects ......40

Article 7.

Research Funding .........................................................................................................40

Article 8.

Providing of Earth Observation Satellite Data by JAXA .........................................40

Article 9.

Providing of Meteorological Data by JAXA ..............................................................41

Article 10. Disclosure of Technical Data .......................................................................................42
Article 11. Ownership and Usage of Research Results ................................................................42
Article 12. Publication of Research Results ..................................................................................43
Article 13. Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property Rights ..............................................................43
Article 14. Solely-Owned Intellectual Property Rights................................................................45
Article 15. Termination ..................................................................................................................45
Article 16. Limitations on Liabilities .............................................................................................45
Article 17. Confidentiality ..............................................................................................................45
Article 18. Designation of Know-How ...........................................................................................46
Article 19. Government Approvals ................................................................................................46
Article 20. Language .......................................................................................................................47
Article 21. Special Agreement ........................................................................................................47
Article 22. Dispute Resolution........................................................................................................47
Article 23. Arbitration ....................................................................................................................47
Article 24. Governing Law .............................................................................................................47
Attachment A “Earth Observation Satellite Data” ......................................................................48

D-36

COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AGREEMENT

This agreement ("Agreement") is entered into between the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency,
established under the provision of the Law Concerning the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency on
October 1, 2003, represented by its President and having its principal office at 7-44-1 Higashimachi,
Jindaiji, Choufu-shi, Tokyo, Japan ("JAXA") and a research organization ("Research Organization")that submitted an application form for the below described research activities to JAXA, hereinaftercollectively referred to as "the Parties."
WITNESSETH

WHEREAS, the Global Change Observation Mission ("GCOM") aims to construct, use, and verify
systems that enable continuous global-scale observations of effective geophysical parameters forclarifying global climate change and water circulation mechanisms;

WHEREAS, JAXA issued the Research Announcement ("RA") to engage in collaborative research
activities directly related to retrieval algorithms for geophysical products, product validation, and dataapplication of GCOM, and the Research Organization applied pursuant to such RA;

WHEREAS, JAXA accepted the Research Organization's proposal that was in response to the RA,
delivered the confirmation sheet to the Research Organization and JAXA further desires to utilize suchproposal in JAXA's project; andWHEREAS, JAXA desires to engage in the above research activities in collaboration with the
Research Organization.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual agreements hereinafter set forth, and for othergood and reasonable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, theParties hereby agree as follows:

Article 1.

Definitions

The following capitalized terms shall have the following meanings:"Annual Evaluation" means JAXA's annual review, which is scheduled by JAXA at the end of each

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Japanese fiscal year, of the Research Results (as defined below) from the PIs.

"Application Form" means the application form for the Research Projects (as defined below)
submitted by the Research Organization.

"Co-Investigator" ("CI") means a person who supports the PI (as defined below) in performing the
Research Projects (as defined below) with approval by JAXA.

"Collaborative Research Plan" means the plan described in Attachment A of the Application Form.

"Confirmation Sheet" means the confirmation sheet or the acceptance form prescribed by JAXA
with regard to the Application Form.

"Earth Observation Satellite Data" means data sets obtained from satellites which are retained by
JAXA at the time of execution of this Agreement. The available data sets (including names ofsatellites, sensors, observation period that can be offered, and observation areas) are listed in
Attachment A of this Agreement.

"Intellectual Property Rights" means the following:(i) Industrial Property Rights (as defined below);(ii) Potential Industrial Property Rights (as defined below); and(iii) Program/Data Copyrights (as defined below).

"Industrial Property Rights" means all domestic and foreign patents, utility models, and industrial
designs.

"Potential Industrial Property Rights" means all domestic and foreign application rights for patents,
utility models, or industrial designs.

"Principal Investigator" ("PI") means the Research Organization employee who was selected to be
responsible for the Research Projects, and who is named in the Collaborative Research Plan.

"Program/Data Copyrights" means all domestic and foreign copyrights related to computer
programs, software and databases.

"Research Projects" has the meaning given to it in Article 2, Paragraph 2.

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"Research Results" means the technical results and scientific knowledge derived from theimplementation of the Research Projects pursuant to this Agreement, including all inventions, ideas,
designs, literary works, algorithms, and technological developments, such as programs, that can
execute the algorithm(s).

Article 2.

Purpose and Scope of Research Projects

1. Under the terms and conditions of this Agreement, JAXA and the Research Organization hereby
agree to work in collaboration with regard to the research activities as set forth in the RA, and/or
the Collaborative Research Plan and/or otherwise under this Agreement.
2. The Parties' research activities ("Research Projects") shall be carried out in accordance with the
Collaborative Research Plan.

Article 3.

Effective Term

1. The Agreement shall become effective as of the date of the issuance of the Confirmation Sheetprescribed by JAXA and shall continue in effect until the end of each Japanese Fiscal Year("Agreement Term").
2. The Research Organization may renew the Agreement annually under the same terms andconditions provided that JAXA approves an extension of the research period in the Annual
Evaluation; provided, however, the Research Organization shall submit a renewal Application
Form to JAXA and JAXA shall issue a new Confirmation Sheet; further provided, however, that
the Agreement Term shall not extend beyond March 31, 2011.
3. Termination of this Agreement shall not affect a Party’s continuing obligation under Paragraph 2
and 3 of Article 8, Article 11, Article 12, Article 13, Article 14, Article 22, Article 23 and Article
24.

Article 4.
1.

Researchers

In the event that the PI dies, retires from the Research Organization, takes a leave absent fromwork, or come to be no longer engaged in the Research Projects, the Research Organization shallimmediately notify to JAXA as such and JAXA may at its sole discretion terminate thisAgreement; provided however, if the RO designates a researcher who belongs to the Research
Organization as the PI’s successor and JAXA approves the succession, the Parties may amend thisAgreement, with the succeeding researcher being a new PI. The terms and conditions of theamendment to this Agreement shall be determined upon mutual consultation and consent.

2. In the event that the Research Organization intends to select or add CIs, the Research Organization

D-39

shall first obtain the consent of JAXA for such personnel. The Research Organization shall submit
to JAXA the list of such candidates of CIs and consult with JAXA in order to obtain JAXA'sconsent.
3. The Research Organization shall supervise the PI's and CI's engaging in the Research Projects andshall ensure all PI's and/or CI's engaging in the Research Projects in accordance with the terms andconditions of the Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, with regard to this Agreement, the PIs
and CIs shall not be deemed to be a third party.

Article 5.

JAXA's Performance for Research Projects

JAXA shall make reasonable efforts to perform the following tasks related to the Research Projects:a) Deliver the Earth Observation Satellite Data to the PI;b) Provide satellite operation data, ground validation data and meteorological data;c) Evaluate the Research Result and the Progress Reports (as defined below) for the Annual
Evaluation and send the results to the PI; andd) Hold workshops and meetings to evaluate the Research Results and the Progress Reports andto promote information exchange among PIs and JAXA.

Article 6.

The Research Organization's General Responsibilities for Research
Projects

1. The Research Organization shall conduct and complete the Research Projects in accordance with
the Collaborative Research Plan.
2. For the purpose of ensuring the Research Organization's performance of the above obligations, theResearch Organization shall perform certain actions including, but not limited to:a) Participate in necessary workshops and meetings for the Research Projects and report uponrequest from JAXA;b) Deliver periodically to JAXA the Research Results and the reports ("Progress Reports") in theform specified by JAXA , and in all instances, at least one (1) month before the Annual
Evaluation;c) Deliver the reports as a final report ("Final Reports") by the end of the Agreement Term; andd) Take necessary measures to ensure the PI's and/or CI's compliance with this Agreement.
Article 7.

Research Funding

There will be no exchange of funds under this agreement. Each party shall bear necessary costs tofulfill its own responsibilities under this agreement.

Article 8.

Providing of Earth Observation Satellite Data by JAXA

1. JAXA will provide the Research Organization with the Earth Observation Satellite Data for the
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Research Projects free of charge subject to the following conditions:a) The Research Organization agrees and accepts that JAXA may not provide all the Earth
Observation Satellite Data which the Research Organization may request;b) JAXA does not guarantee a specific quality or the timely provision of the Earth Observation
Satellite Data;c) The Advance Land Observing Satellite data, which is one portion of the Earth Observation
Satellite Data and is to be provided to the Research Organization, shall be limited to ten
scenes every fiscal year; andd) JAXA reserves the right to curtail or suspend Earth Observation Satellite Data supply to the
Research Organization due to faults or difficulties relating to the satellites, limitations on theiroperations, or any other reasons.
2. With respect to the Earth Observation Satellite Data provided by JAXA, the Research
Organization shall:a) Only use the Earth Observation Satellite Data for the singular purpose of advancing the effortsof the Research Projects;b) Not duplicate the Earth Observation Satellite Data except for distributing to authorized CIs
the necessary data backups;c) Not distribute the Earth Observation Satellite Data to any third party without JAXA's priorwritten consent; andd) Return or otherwise appropriately manage the Earth Observation Satellite Data uponcompletion of this Agreement, according to the directives of JAXA.
3. Any rights regarding the Earth Observation Satellite Data provided by JAXA shall conform to thefollowing:a) Any rights relating to the Earth Observation Satellite Data shall belong to JAXA or to an
institute designated by JAXA except in the case mentioned in b) below; andb) If value-added products, which mean highly processed products that do not retain the original
pixel structure and that cannot be converted back to the primary Earth Observation Satellite
Data, are developed in the course of executing the Research Projects, the ownership of suchproducts shall be determined upon mutual agreement between the Parties, taking into
consideration the degrees of contribution by JAXA and the Research Organization.

Article 9.

Providing of Meteorological Data by JAXA

1. For the purpose of performing the Research Projects, JAXA will attempt to provide the Research
Organization with the meteorological data provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency pursuant
to the agreement between JAXA and the Japan Meteorological Agency ("Meteorological Data").
The Research Organization agrees that JAXA's provision of the Meteorological Data may be

D-41

limited or otherwise affected by the fact that some rights to the Meteorological Data belong to theJapan Meteorological Agency.
2. The Research Organization shall use the provided Meteorological Data solely for the purpose of
conducting the Research Projects. The Research Organization may not disclose the provided
Meteorological Data to any third party.
3. The Research Organization shall return or otherwise appropriately keep the Meteorological Datain accordance with the instructions of JAXA upon the termination of this Agreement.

Article 10. Disclosure of Technical Data
1. To the extent feasible, each party shall disclose all necessary technical data ("Technical Data")
which does not include the Earth Observation Satellite Data and the Meteorological Data. The
Parties will undertake to handle expeditiously any request for the Technical Data presented by theother party.
2. The Technical Data shall be used and/or disclosed by the receiving party only for the purpose offulfilling the receiving party's responsibilities under this Agreement. The receiving party shallprotect any such Technical Data from unauthorized use and/or disclosure.
3. The Technical Data shall not be disclosed, duplicated or used by persons or entities other than thereceiving party without the prior consent of the furnishing party.
4. According to directives of the furnishing party, the receiving party shall return or otherwise
dispose of Technical Data provided under the Agreement upon completion of the activities underthe Agreement.

Article 11. Ownership and Usage of Research Results
1. All Research Results shall be jointly owned by the Parties ("Jointly-Owned Research Results")
unless one party reasonably proves that it solely generates the Research Results solely in thecourse of the Research Projects. For the avoidance of doubt, only if the product is the result of the
Research Organization's sole work and sole funding shall such product be deemed to be the solely
generated Research Results by the Research Organization.
2. Generally, JAXA and the Research Organization shall enter into a separate agreement and obtainthe consent of the other party with regard to the usage of Jointly-Owned Research Results.
However, if each party uses such Jointly-Owned Research Results peacefully (i.e., non-militaristic
purposes) and for non-commercial purposes, consent of the other party is not required. In theevent that a party intends to grant a third party a license to use such Jointly-Owned Research
Results, the party shall obtain the prior written consent from the other party.
3. In the event that the Research Organization solely owns some portion of the Research Results, theResearch Organization hereby grants and will be deemed to have granted to JAXA an irrevocable,

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royalty-free, non-exclusive, worldwide right to use such Research Results (and derivative works
thereof including Progress Reports and Final Reports); provided, however, JAXA shall use such
Research Results (and derivative works thereof including Progress Reports and Final Reports) for
its own research and development work including, but not limited to, the granting tocommissioned research organizations and/or collaborating research organizations the use of such
Research Results (and derivative works thereof).
4. With regard to copyrights in the Progress Reports and Final Reports, regardless of whether they
relate to the Research Organization's Research Result or not, the Research Organization waives
and shall cause its directors, officers, employees including PIs and CIs, regardless of whether such
persons are employed by the Research Organization, to waive any related moral rights to the
copyrights in the Progress Reports and Final Reports and agrees not to rescind such waivers andshall cause such directors, officers, employees including PIs and CIs to agree not to rescind such
waiver.

Article 12. Publication of Research Results
1. Regardless as to whether the Research Results are owned solely or jointly, if either party intends topublish the Research Results which are owned by the other party, the publishing party shallprovide the other party with a written document regarding the description of the subjected
Research Results to be published and request a written consent of the other party. The other party
will not unreasonably withhold consent from the publishing party's request for such publication.
2. Before publishing, the publishing party shall provide the other party with a copy of the publication.
Each party is entitled to an irrevocable and royalty-free right to use the provided publications,
unless the copyright of such publication is owned or held by an academic society.
3. The Research Organization shall state in the publication that such Research Results have beenobtained pursuant to this Agreement and identify the owner of the rights to the Earth Observation
Satellite Data and Meteorological Data used in such publication.
4. In the event that a PI or CI wishes to publish or disclose the Research Results, the Research
Organization shall cause the PI and/or CI to act in accordance with the terms and conditions of this
Article and shall cause the PI and/or CI to grant JAXA an irrevocable and royalty-free right to use
the provided publications, unless the copyright of the paper belongs to an academic society.

Article 13. Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property Rights
1. All Intellectual Property Rights generated in the course of the Research Projects shall be jointly
owned by the Parties unless such rights are deemed to be Solely-Owned Intellectual Property as
defined in Article 14 below. JAXA or the Research Organization shall give the other party prompt
written notice of Intellectual Property Rights generated and discuss the ownership of such

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generated Intellectual Property Rights, as well as whether it is necessary to submit an application
for registration of such Intellectual Property Rights.
2. JAXA and the Research Organization shall enter into a separate joint ownership agreement ("Joint
Ownership Agreement") unless they decide not to make an application for the registration of theresulting Intellectual Property Rights. The Joint Ownership Agreement shall provide theallocation of Intellectual Property Rights related to, or the allocation of an interest in, such joint
innovation or work.
3. After entering into the Joint Ownership Agreement, JAXA and the Research Organization shalltake the necessary procedures to secure the joint ownership of the Intellectual Property Rights.
4. JAXA and/or Research Organization shall take any necessary procedures for any Industrial
Property Rights owned by and/or held by each employees to be transferred by such employee to
JAXA or the Research Organization in the event the employees' inventions and the Industrial
Property Rights related thereto were created or otherwise arose within the scope of the Research
Organization's business.
5. If a party alters or improves the Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property within one (1) year from thecompletion of this Agreement, the party shall provide a written notice to the other party describing
the alterations or improvements.
6. A party may grant to any third party a license to use the Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property Rights,
provided, however that the relevant party shall obtain the written prior consent of the other party,
and determine the licensing terms after discussion with the other party. In this case, the relevant
party shall collect the usage fee from such third party as set forth in the separate usage agreement.
The usage fee to be collected from the third party shall be distributed between JAXA and Research
Organization pro rata in proportion to their respective interests in those rights.
7. JAXA and the Research Organization may transfer their respective interests to the Jointly-Owned
Intellectual Property Rights only to their respective designees after discussion between JAXA andthe Research Organization pursuant to a separate transfer agreement. In this event, the relevant
party shall cause its designee to succeed to all of its rights and obligations with respect to thoseIntellectual Property Rights.
8. If JAXA or the Research Organization disclaims its interests in the Jointly-Owned Intellectual
Property Rights, the relevant party shall give the other party prior notice thereof and transfer its
interests to the other party, only if the other party wishes to acquire it.
9. Any expenses, costs and charges required for the application procedure and protection of the
Jointly-Owned Intellectual Property Rights shall be borne by JAXA and Research Organization
pro rata in proportion to their respective interests.

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Article 14. Solely-Owned Intellectual Property Rights
1. If a party solely generates Potential Intellectual Property Rights in the course of the Research
Projects ("Solely-Owned Intellectual Property Rights") the party shall notify such fact to the otherparty without delay. In this case, the party may take steps to apply for the registration of theresulting Intellectual Property Rights as solely-owned ones at its own expense, provided that itshall obtain prior confirmation of the other party. For the avoidance of doubt, only if Potential
Intellectual Property Rights are generated or created by the Research Organization's sole work andsole funding shall such Potential Intellectual Property Rights be deemed to be solely generated or
created by the Research Organization.
2. In the event of an emergence of Solely-Owned Intellectual Property Rights, the Research
Organization and/or the PI shall grant JAXA an irrevocable, royalty-free and non-exclusive rightto use such Intellectual Property Rights for JAXA's own research and development.

Article 15. Termination
1. Either party may terminate the Agreement:a) When the other party commits a dishonest and/or inequitable act that irreparably harms themutual trust between the Parties; provided, that breaching party fails to offer any effective andsatisfactory remedial measures within seven (7) days after receiving demands for corrective
action from the harmed party;b) When the other party violates any of the terms and conditions of this Agreement provided thatthe breaching party fails to offer any effective and/or satisfactory remedial measures withinseven (7) days after receiving demands for corrective action from the harmed party; orc) Upon the consent of both Parties.
2. Upon the termination of the Agreement, the Research Organization shall promptly deliver to
JAXA all work including, but not limited to, all works in progress and all work that is completed
and otherwise ready for delivery.

Article 16. Limitations on Liabilities
JAXA and the Research Organization agree to waive any claim against the other with respect todamage of any kind, or any loss of its own property or property of its related entities arising out ofactivities under this Agreement ("Damages"), except such Damages which arise through grossnegligence or willful misconduct and except intellectual property rights.

Article 17. Confidentiality
1. In this Agreement, "Confidential Information" means any information that a party discloses orpresents in writing or in by other media, to the other party in the course of these Research Projects,

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provided however, Confidential Information does not include the following:a) Information that is already known to the public when disclosed by the disclosing party;b) Information that becomes known to the public after the disclosure by the disclosing party
without intentional misconduct or negligence of the receiving party;c) Information that the receiving party already had before the disclosure by the disclosing party;d) Information that the receiving party acquires from a dully authorized third party not subject toconfidentiality obligations;e) Information that the receiving party independently develops without utilizing information
obtained from the disclosing party;f)Information with a prior written consent of the disclosing party for the disclosure and the
publication; org) Information that is required to be disclosed by applicable laws, judgment or order of acompetent court. In this case, the receiving party shall promptly notify the disclosing party of
the necessity of disclosure.
2. The receiving party shall keep the Confidential Information secret, and shall not disclose or
divulge any Confidential Information to a third party without prior written consent of thedisclosing party.
3. The confidentiality obligation under this Article shall remain effective for a period of five (5) years
after the termination of the Agreement. However this period of keeping confidentiality may be
extended or shortened by mutual agreement.

Article 18. Designation of Know-How
1. After mutual agreement by the Parties, JAXA and the Research Organization shall promptly
designate as know-how the Research Results which are appropriately to be treated as know-how("Know-How").
2. After designating the Know-How, such Know-How should be kept in confidence in principle, forfive (5) years commencing on the day immediately following the date of the completion of thisAgreement; provided, however, that JAXA and the Research Organization may extend or shortenthat period upon mutual agreement.

Article 19. Government Approvals
Each party shall obtain such permits, licenses, and other government authorizations as are requiredfor it to perform its responsibilities under the Agreement, and shall comply with all respective laws
and regulations.

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Article 20. Language
All communications between the Research Organization and JAXA under this Agreement shall be in
English.

Article 21. Special Agreement
Any supplement, modification or amendment of this Agreement shall only be binding if made upon
the Parties' mutual written agreement which makes specific reference to this Agreement.

Article 22. Dispute Resolution
The Parties agree to put forth their best efforts to solve amicably any dispute, controversy, ordifference arising out of, in connection with, or resulting from this Agreement.

Article 23. Arbitration
All disputes that cannot be amicably settled by the method defined in the previous Article hereof will
be settled by arbitration in Tokyo in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the Japan
Commercial Arbitration Association.

Article 24. Governing Law
The Agreement shall be governed and interpreted under the laws of Japan.

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Attachment A “Earth Observation Satellite Data”

Name of Satellite or Sensor

Observation Period(YY/MM/DD)
2006/05/16～

Observable Area

ALOS
Global(Advanced Land Observation Satellite)
MOS
Around Japan, Antarctic
1987/02/23～1996/04/19(Marine Observation Satellite)
and Southeast Asia
JERS
Global1992/09/01～1998/10/11(Japanese Earth Observation Satellite)
ADEOS
Global1996/10/15～1997/6/29(Advanced Earth Observation Satellite)
ADEOS-II
Global2003/01/18～2003/10/24(Advanced Earth Observation Satellite-II)
AMSR-E
Global2002/06/19～(Advanced Microwave ScanningRadiometer for EOS-Aqua satellite)
TRMM
Global1997/12/01～(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)
ERS
Around Japan and1991/08/18～2003/03/29(European Remote-Sensing Satellite)
Antarctic
Around JapanLANDSAT＊
1979/02/19～2002/03/31(Land Satellite)* LANDSAT-5 data received by 2001/3/31 will be available in the dataset.

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