2010.3

平成21年度 特別研究報告書
都市における生物多様性指標の世界的動向の把握〜生物多様性COP10 への提言〜
名古屋市立大学大学院経済学研究科

准教授
香坂 玲

Nagoya Urban Institute Research Reports

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⽷࿅ᴺੱฬฎደㇺᏒ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ኅߩᣇ‫ߩࠄ߆ޘ‬ቇⴚ⊛ߥ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߦၮߠߊ᡽╷ឭ⸒ࠍᦼᓙߒ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደߦ߅ߌࠆ߹ߜߠߊࠅߩ⻉໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥᵴേߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡ‫․ޔ‬೎⎇ⓥຬ೙
ᐲࠍ⸳ߌߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩߎޕ‬೙ᐲߪᒰ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩឝ␜ߔࠆ⺖㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ౏൐࡮ㆬ⠨ߒߚᗲ⍮⋵‫ޔ‬ጘ㒂⋵‫ޔ‬ਃ㊀⋵ߩᄢቇߥߤߦൕോߔࠆ⎇ⓥ⠪╬ߩᣇ‫⎇ߦޘ‬ⓥቶ߿ᵴേ⾌ࠍឭଏߒ‫ ޔ‬ᐕ㑆ߩ⎇ⓥᵴേ
ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ߚߛߊ߽ߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲߪ‫ޟޔ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ㧺㧭㧳㧻㨅㧭߳ߩᄌ㕟̆ᰴ਎ઍߦᒁ߈⛮ߋ㝯ജ޽ࠆㇺᏒ̆‫ࡔࠍޠ‬ࠗࡦ࠹࡯ࡑߦ‫ޔ‬ᰴᦼၮᧄ⸘↹߿ฬฎደߩ߹ߜߠߊࠅߦߟߥ߇ࠆ⎇ⓥ࠹࡯ࡑࠍ൐㓸ߒ‫ޔ‬㧞ฬߩᣇߦ⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᧄႎ๔ᦠߪ‫ޟޔ‬ㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ਎⇇⊛േะߩᛠី㨪↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ%12߳ߩឭ⸒
㨪‫ߣޠ‬㗴ߒ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ోߣ޿߁⋡ᮡߦว⥌ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߣ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ
⛔วߦߟ޿ߡขࠅ߹ߣ߼ߚ߽ߩߢ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩขࠅ⚵ߺߦነਈߔࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ߡ߅ࠅ߹
ߔ‫ޕ‬ᒰ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߣߒ߹ߒߡߪ‫⺞ޔ‬ᩏ࡮⎇ⓥ߇ߐࠄߦ᦭ᗧ⟵ߥ߽ߩߣߥࠆࠃ߁ദ߼ߡ߹޿ࠅ߹ߔߩߢ‫ޔ‬੹ᓟߣ߽ߏℂ⸃ߏදജ‫ߏߡߒߘޔ‬ᡰេࠍ⾦ࠅ߹ߔࠃ߁ࠃࠈߒߊ߅㗿޿޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬⽷࿅ᴺੱฬฎደㇺᏒ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⋡ᰴΣ ᭎ⷐ✬γΤ ᧄ✬  㧝㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ1  㧞㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒േะ

3

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23㧡㧚‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡ‫ߩޠ‬ᅷᒰᕈߩᬌ⸽

26  㧢㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ

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  ઃ㍳ 2㧧ડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ోߩขࠅ⚵ߺ53

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ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕᐲฬฎደㇺᏒ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯․೎⎇ⓥႎ๔ᦠ᭎ⷐ

ㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ਎⇇⊛േะߩᛠី
㨪↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ COP10 ߳ߩឭ⸒㨪ฬฎደᏒ┙ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ಎᢎ᝼ 㚅ဈ ⃍㧝㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ
⒖૑ߦ⾌߿ߐࠇࠆ⾗Ḯߩߚ߼‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߦ߹ߔ߹ߔ࿶ജ߇߆߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂㧔CBD㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ᡽╷⼏㗴ߣߒߡᶋ߆߮਄߇ߞߡ߈ߚ໧㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ో‫ޠ‬ߣ‫ߩߘޟ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪‫ޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬UN-HABITAT㧔࿖ㅪੱ㑆ዬ૑⸘↹㧕߇╷ቯߒߚ‫ޟ‬the State of the World̉s Cities
2006-2007‫ޔߣࠆࠃߦޠ‬2007 ᐕߦੱ㘃ผ਄ೋ߼ߡ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ߩోੱญߩඨಽએ਄߇ㇺᏒߦዬ૑ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔߊߥ߽ߢ߹߁⸒ޕ‬ᄌൻߪㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ోߣߘߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪‫ޔ‬෸߮↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ߇ᜬ⛯⊛ߦᯏ⢻ߔࠆߎߣߦኻߔࠆ
㔍㗴ࠍ⓭߈ߟߌߚ‫⚿ޕ‬ᨐߣߒߡ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ోߣ޿߁⋡ᮡߦว⥌ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߪ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߣ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ⛔วߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧞㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒േะ㧞㧙㧝㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ࿖㓙⊛㐿⊒ㆊ⒟ 1978 ᐕએ㒠‫ޔ‬ⅣႺⷐ⚛߿↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈⷐ⚛ࠍ฽߻ㇺᏒᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚᄢⷙᮨߥ࿖㓙⊛㐿⊒ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ߇ᄙߊ⊒⴫ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ઍ⴫੐଀ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬OECD‫ޔ‬਎⇇㌁ⴕ‫ޔ‬࿖ㅪੱ㑆ዬ૑⸘↹‫ޔ‬᰷Ꮊᆔຬળ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ߥߤ߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
 OECD ߪ‫ޔ‬2001 ᐕߦ 10 ୘ߩਥⷐⅣႺᜰᮡࠍ᳿ቯߒ‫ߩߎޔ‬ਛߦ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ߽฽߹ࠇ
ߡ޿ߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᜰᮡߪ OECD ߩฦ࿖ⅣႺᄢ⤿ߦࠃߞߡᡰᜬߐࠇ‫ޔ‬Ფᐕᦝᣂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਎⇇㌁ⴕߪ‫ޔ‬1994 ᐕ‫ߩઁޔ‬࿖ㅪᯏ㑐ߣද௛ߢㇺᏒߩ໧㗴ߣࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߚ
࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ࠍ⊒⴫ߒ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩߚ߼ߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥᜰᮡ㧔਎⇇㌁ⴕ㧘1994㧕ߩ㐿⊒ࠍឭ᩺ߒߚ‫ޕ‬࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߩ࠲ࠗ࠻࡞‫ޟ‬㐿⊒ߩߚ߼ߩࠗࡦࡈ࡜‫ޔߦ߁ࠃߔ␜߇ޠ‬਎⇇㌁ⴕ╬ߩᦨఝవ੐㗄ߪၮᧄ⊛ⷐ⚛෸߮ߘࠇߦ⚿߮ߟ޿ߚᛩ⾗ߩ⸳┙ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޔࠅࠃߦࠇߎޕ‬ㇺᏒߩᜰᮡߩὶὐߪ
↢↥‫ޔ‬૑ቛ㐿⊒‫࡜ࡈࡦࠗޔ‬ᢛ஻╬ߩ⚻ᷣᵴേ߆ࠄᓧߚ੐ታߦၮߠ޿ߚᢙ୯߿ੱญ⛔⸘⊛ᢙ
୯߳ߣ⒖ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ࿖ㅪੱ㑆ዬ૑⸘↹ߪ‫ޔ‬UN HABITAT Τ㧦1996 ᐕ╙ 2 ࿁࿖ㅪੱ㑆ዬ૑ળ⼏ࠗࠬ࠲ࡦࡉ࡯
࡞‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕ╙ 3 ࿁਎⇇ㇺᏒࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓࡃࡦࠢ࡯ࡃ࡯╬‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ㑐ㅪળ⼏ࠍ㐿޿ߚ‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬ߩળ⼏ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ታ↪⊛ߢᣇᴺ⺰⊛ߥ໧㗴߇ࠃߊᬌ⸛ߐࠇ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ᓟ⠪ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫᧚ੱޔ‬⢒ᚑ‫ޔ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥㇺᏒࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ ࠳ࡦࠚࠫࠕޔ‬21 ߩ࿾ၞൻ߽ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬i᰷Ꮊᆔຬળ㧔EC㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕߦ࿾ၞߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥᜰᮡ㧔EC㧘2003㧕ࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ
൮᜝⊛ߥ⹏ଔၮḰ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ⊒⴫ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
2008 ᐕߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 9 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫⋡⚂᧦ޔ‬ᮡߩታ⃻ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߩᓎഀߦ㑐ߔࠆ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߩ౏ᑼ᳿⼏߇ណᛯߐࠇߚ㧔᳿⼏Ϋ/28㧧SCBD㧘2008 ෳᾖ㧕‫ߎޕ‬ߩ᳿⼏ߪ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ోߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߣㇺᏒߩᓎഀࠍ⹺⼂ߒ‫ޔ‬
CBD ߩ⋡ᮡߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ࠷࡯࡞߿ᜰ㊎ߩㆡ↪ࠍᅑബߒߚ㧔᳿⼏Ϋ/28 ╙ 6 ▵㧔a㧕㧕‫ޕ‬㧞㧙㧞㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ᭎⺑↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣᜰᮡߩ㑐ଥߪⶄ㔀ߢ޽ࠅ‫⴫ޔ‬㕙਄᣿⊕ߦ⷗߃ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿߇᳿ߒߡߘ߁
ߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᢥ₂ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ߢߩਥⷐ⺖㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬ⓨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡯࡞෶ߪᤨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡯࡞‫․ޔߣࠄࠇߘߡߒߘޔ‬ቯߩ㐳ᦼ⊛⋡ᮡ෶ߪ⋡⊛ߣߩ㑐ଥ
ߩ 2 ὐߦ㓸⚂ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧞㧙㧟㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩᱧผ
ᜰᮡߩὶὐߪ‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩ⚻ᷣ⊛‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ⊛஥㕙߆ࠄ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩᜰᮡߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ߳ߣᄌൻߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ߎߩℂ↱ߪ‫ߩߟ৻ޔ‬㧔⚻ᷣ⊛߹ߚߪⅣႺ⊛㧕ⷐ⚛ߩ㗔ၞߦ߅ߌࠆᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߪ‫߫ߒ߫ߒޔ‬ઁߩ㗔ၞߦ߅޿ߡᗧ࿑ߒߥ޿ุቯ⊛௑ะߦߟߥ߇ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬૑ቛߩࠃ߁ߥ⚻ᷣᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߪ‫ޔ‬૑ቛࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦ቟ቯߒߚ࿯࿾ࠍଏ⛎ߔࠆߚ߼ߦḨ࿾ࠍၒ߼┙ߡࠆߣ޿ߞߚࠃ߁ߥ‫⋧ޔ‬㑐㑐ଥߩ޽ࠆⅣႺᜰᮡߩᖡൻߦߟߥ߇ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⚻ᷣ⊛஥㕙ߣⅣႺ⊛஥㕙ߩ࠻࡟࡯࠼ࠝࡈߩࡃ࡜ࡦࠬࠍߣࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬૑᳃߳ߩ࿶ജ߿࿖ኅߩ
෻ᔕߣⅣႺ଻⼔ߩⴕേࠍ฽ߺ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ㅪേߪߒ߫ߒ߫࿃ᨐㅪ㎮෻ᔕߦߥࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬Huang ઁߪㇺᏒߩᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߦߪ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߔ 3 ߟߩ࠲ࠗࡊ̆‫ⷐޟ‬࿃‫ޔޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᓇ㗀‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ኻ╷‫ޠ‬̆߇޽ࠆߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᗧ࿑ߒߥ޿ุቯ⊛⚿ᨐࠍㆱߌࠆᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡᒻᚑߩ⹜ߺߣ࿾ၞ
␠ળࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬น⢻ߥઁߩⷐ⚛ࠍ⛔วߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ࿃ᨐㅪ㎮෻ᔕߦኻᔕߔࠆߎ
ߣߪో૕௝ߣߒߡᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߦะ߆ߞߡ೨ㅴߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⴫ 2-1 ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ೋᦼߣᓟᦼߩㇺᏒߩᜰᮡ㐿⊒ࠍᲧセߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬ᜰᮡㅴൻߩㆊ⒟ࠍ
⴫ߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᔅߕߒ߽೨ㅴࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߪ㒢ࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬
⴫ 2-1 ㇺᏒߩᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩᄌㆫㇺᏒߩ᭎ᔨ࿾ℂ⊛ࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒᜰᮡὶὐᜰᮡᒻᚑߩ․ᓽ

1970 㨪80 ᐕઍ⚻ᷣᵴേߩ႐
࿖ኅ෶ߪ࿾ᣇ࡟ࡌ࡞
⚻ᷣ/␠ળ/ⅣႺᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ੑ࿾ὐ㑆ߩࡌࡦ࠴ࡑ࡯ࠢ

1990 ᐕઍ㨪᭎ᔨൻߐࠇߚࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ
ㇺᏒⅣႺߩߚ߼ߩ․೎ߥ໧㗴
ᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈ
᡽╷ᯏ㑐
࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ㧔⽶⩄࡮ⷐ࿃࡮⁁ᘒ࡮ᓇ㗀࡮ኻ╷㧕

㧔ෳ⠨㧕OECD (1997), Opschoor and Reijnders (1991), and Huang et al. (1998).

ii㧞㧙㧠㧚ᣣᧄߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒േะᚒ߇࿖ߢߎࠇ߹ߢ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚⅣႺᜰᮡߩᄢᄙᢙߪ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ㑐ㅪࡑࠬ࠲࡯ࡊ࡜ࡦ╬ߢߩᵴ↪
ࠍਥ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‫⥄ޔ‬ᴦ૕න૏ߢ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ߽ߩߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᜰᮡߩౕ૕⊛ߥ㗄⋡ߪㇺᏒߏߣߦᄙ᭽ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᄢ᳇࡮᳓⾰ᡷༀ߿ᑄ᫈‛ኻ╷‫ޔ‬੤ㅢ࡮‛ᵹኻ╷‫ޔ‬᥊ⷰะ਄‫ޔ‬࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻኻ╷ߥߤฦ⒳ⅣႺᣉ╷ࠍࡃ࡜ࡦࠬࠃߊ✂⟜ߒߚᜰᮡ߇ᄙߊ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ╷ቯߐࠇߚ߽ߩߪዋߥ޿‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᜰᮡߩ૞ᚑߪၮᧄ⊛ߦⴕ᡽ਥዉߢ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ߽ߩ߇ᄙߊ‫ޔ‬Ꮢ᳃ߣߩද௛ߢᜰᮡࠍ
૞ᚑߒߚ੐଀߿Ꮢ᳃࿅૕ߩߺߢᜰᮡࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ੐଀╬߽߶ߣࠎߤߥ޿ߩ߇⃻⁁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 2-2 ᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩᄌㆫᜰᮡߩᵴ↪⋡⊛

ઍ⴫⊛ߥ੐଀
࡮᧲੩ㇺᔟㆡⅣႺᜰᮡ㧭㧚Ꮢ᳃ߩⅣႺᗧ⼂ะ਄࡮ⅣႺ㈩ᘦⴕേ
ଦㅴߩ߈ߞ߆ߌߣߒߡᵴ↪

࡮ችၔ⋵᷷ቶലᨐࠟࠬ✚วᜰᮡ
࡮ᎹፒᏒⅣႺⷰኤᜰᮡ
࡮ችၔ⋵ࠛࠦ࡜ࠗࡈᜰᮡ    ╬㧮㧚Ꮢ᳃ߣⴕ᡽ߩࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊᵴേ
ߩផㅴߦᵴ↪

࡮੩ߩࠕࠫࠚࡦ࠳ᜰᮡ
࡮᧲੩ㇺᔟㆡⅣႺᜰᮡ㧯㧚ⅣႺ㑐ㅪࡑࠬ࠲࡯ࡊ࡜ࡦߩ╷ቯ‫ޔ‬ㆇ↪‫ߦᤨߒ⋥⷗ޔ‬ᵴ↪

࡮⼾ਛᏒⅣႺ✚วᜰᮡ
࡮ᣣ㊁ᏒⅣႺ✚วᜰᮡ
࡮ฦⅣႺၮᧄ⸘↹ߦ߅ߌࠆᢙ୯⋡ᮡ ╬̪‫ޟ‬ਛญᲞඳ㧚ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾ၞ࡟ࡌ࡞ⅣႺᜰᮡߩᵴ↪ߩ⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴㧚࿖࿯੤ㅢ⋭࿖࿯੤ㅢ᡽╷⎇ⓥᚲᯏ
㑐⹹ PRI Review㧧2003‫ߦߣ߽ࠍޠ‬૞ᚑ㧟㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦߟ޿ߡߩᬌ⸛ ᡽ᴦ⊛⋡ᮡߣࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߩ໧㗴ߩㅪ៤ߣ޿߁㔍㗴ߦኻᔕߒߡ‫ޔ‬PSR㧔Pressure㧙State㧙
Response㧕ࡕ࠺࡞ߪᜰᮡߩ⑼ቇ⊛᡽ᴦ⊛஥㕙ߩ⛔วࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒߚᦨೋߩࡕ࠺࡞ߩ৻ߟߢ޽
ࠆ‫ޕ‬PSR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩේဳߪ UNEP ߣࠞ࠽࠳᡽ᐭ⛔⸘ዪߣߩද௛ߢ OECD ߦࠃࠅ╷ቯߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⊒ߩߎޕ‬ዷᒻߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬DPSIR㧔Driving force㧙Pressure㧙State㧙Impact㧙
Response㧕ࡕ࠺࡞߇↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫↢ޔ‬ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒᜰᮡߩ⼏⺰ߢᦨ߽ࠃߊㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆᡷ⦟ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ৻ߟߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧟㧙㧝㧚DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ⢛᥊ߣఝ૏ᕈ
  DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞㧔ᡷ⸓߽฽߻㧕ߪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ฽߻ⅣႺ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⑼ቇ⊛‫ޔ‬᡽ᴦ⊛⺰⼏ߦ߅޿ߡᓇ㗀ജࠍᜬߜ⛯ߌߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬㊀ⷐߥὐߪ‫߇࡞࠺ࡕߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦ߅޿
iii

ߡ 2 ߟߩ⋥ធ⊛ߥ⽸₂ࠍߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ὐ⋡߇‫ߩߘޔ‬᭴ㅧ߇᡽ᴦ⊛⋡⊛ߦ⸒෸ߔࠆ߽
ߩߢ޽ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ੑὐ⋡߇‫ޔ‬㑐ㅪߒߚ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫⚿ޕ‬ᨐߣߒߡ‫◲ࠅࠃޔ‬නߢ◲ẖߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍน⢻ߦߒ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ໧㗴ࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߔੱ⊛ⷐ⚛ࠍขࠅᛒ߁ߎ
ߣߩߢ߈ࠆౕ૕⊛ߥ᡽╷߹ߚߪ▤ℂ⊛ⴕേࠍ␜ໂߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 3-1 DPSIR ߩࡔ࡝࠶࠻࡮࠺ࡔ࡝࠶࠻
٤ᓥ᧪ߪ‫⑼ޟ‬ቇ‫ߩޠ‬ಽ㊁ߢߩᵴ↪ߦ⇐߹ߞߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬DPSIR ࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣࡔ࡝࠶࠻ߦࠃࠅ‫ౕޟ‬૕⊛ߥ᡽╷ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ‫߇ߣߎࠆߌߟ߮⚿ߦޠ‬น⢻ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬٤↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߣ DPSIR ߣߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥࠆߚ߼‫ޕ޿ߔ߿ࠅ߆ࠊޔ‬࠺ࡔ࡝࠶࠻٤᡽╷╬ࠍⴕ߁⚵❱߇‫߇ࠄ⥄ޔ‬ᛒ޿߿ߔ޿࠺࡯࠲ࠍ૶ߞߡᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߒߡߒ߹߁႐ว߇ᄙ޿ߚ߼‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⹏ଔߣ޿߁ὐߦ߅޿ߡ࡝ࠬࠢ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧙㧞㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ㐿⊒߳ߩ DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߦኻߔࠆ⺰⹏
 DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩᐢ▸࿐ߥㆡ↪ߪ‫ࠆߥ⇣ޔߊߥ޿⇼ޔ‬ᜰᮡߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍᒝ⺞ߒߚ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬․ߦ࿾⃿ⷙᮨߦ߅޿ߡ‫ੱޔ‬㑆ᵴേߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ៊ᄬߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߩㅪ⚿ߦ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐ
ߚߒߡ߈ߚ‫ߪߦ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬㒢⇇߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᛕ್ߩኻ⽎ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ㐿⊒߳ߩ DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߦኻߔࠆਥߥᛕ್ࠍએਅߦᢛℂߔࠆ‫ޕ‬=ᛕ್Ԙ㧦⃻ታߩⶄ㔀ߐࠍ෻ᤋߒ߈ࠇߥ޿?
DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃࠅ૞ࠄࠇߚන⚐ߥ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߪ⃻ታߩⶄ㔀ߐࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬Maxim ઁߪ‫ޟ‬྾㕙૕ DPSIR‫ࠍޠ‬ឭ᩺ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠍ࡞࠺ࡕߪࠇߎޕ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߩ྾㕙૕ߦ⚿߮ߟߌ‫ޔ‬DPSIRߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦଔ୯ࠍ‶†ߦߔࠆߎߣߥߊ‫ޟ‬ಽᨆജ‫⊒ࠍޠ‬ዷߐߖࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬=ᛕ್ԙ㧦ታ↪⊛ߥᜰ㊎ߣߒߡᯏ⢻ߒߡ޿ߥ޿?
DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩᨒ⚵ߺ߇ࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣߣᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉߩ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩታ↪⊛ߥᜰ㊎ࠍ߶ߣࠎߤਈ߃ߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ฦ࿃ᨐㅪ㎮ߩߪߓ߼ߣ⚳ࠊࠅߦᜰ㊎ࠍណ↪ߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬࿃ᨐㅪ㎮ߩ޿߆ߥࠆ⋧੕㑐ଥ߿ẜ࿷⊛ߥࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ␜ߐߥ޿‫ޕ‬=ᛕ್Ԛ㧦ᜰᮡߩਇဋⴧߥ㈩ಽ߇⃻ታߣว⥌ߒߥ޿?
DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆᜰᮡߩਇဋⴧߥ㈩ಽߪⶄ㔀ߐߩ៊ᄬࠍ߽ߚࠄߔ‫ޕ‬=ᛕ್ԛ㧦ࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߣᤨ㑆߇⠨ᘦߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿?
․ቯߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߪ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬วߞߚᤨ㑆ߣࠬࠤ࡯࡞ࠍㆬࠎߢㆡ↪ߔࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬
DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩᜰᮡߪ‫ޔ‬วࠊߥ޿ࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒߦㆡ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬iv㧠㧚✚᜝㨪↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣㇺᏒᜰᮡߩ⛔ว㨪 DPSIR ߦ⌕⋡ߒߚᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߪ‫ޔ‬᡽╷╬ࠍⴕ߁⚵❱߇‫߇ࠄ⥄ޔ‬ᛒ޿߿ߔ޿࠺࡯࠲ࠍ૶ߞߡ
⚵ߺ┙ߡࠄࠇߡߒ߹߁ߎߣ߇ᄙߊ‫ࠍ࠲࡯࠺ޔ‬ᓧ߿ߔ޿ߣ޿߁ඨ㕙‫⥄ޔ‬ᴦ૕ߦߣߞߡߪ૶޿
ߠࠄ޿߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߪ‫ޔ‬᷷ᥦൻ߿ᑄ᫈‛ߣ޿ߞߚઁಽ㊁ߩ᡽╷⋡ᮡ╬ߣ⛊߼ߡᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪߎߩὐߦߟ޿ߡᣢߦ⸒෸ߐࠇᆎ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇ߆ࠄߩㇺᏒᜰᮡߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮢ᳃߇ฃߌขߞߡ޿ࠆࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ㧔↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ㅪߠߌࠆ㧕ߦ⌕⋡ߒߡ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㧡㧚‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡ‫ߩޠ‬ᅷᒰᕈߩᬌ⸽
ᣢሽߩቇⴚ⺰ᢥߣฬฎደᏒߩ㑐ଥ⠪1߳ߩࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ⾗ᢱࠍ߽ߣߦ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߩ⺖㗴ࠍએਅߦᢛℂߔࠆ‫ޕ‬٨ㇺᏒߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩ㆑޿ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚᜰᮡ㐿⊒߇ᔅⷐ࡮ㇺᏒߦߪ㧟ߟߩ࠲ࠗࡊ߇޽ࠆ‫ޟޔߪ⋡ߟ৻ޕ‬Ꮢၞߩᄢඨ߇Ꮢⴝ࿾ߢ޽ࠆㇺᏒ‫ޔࠅ޽ߢޠ‬ฬฎደᏒߪߎߎߦዻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ੑߟ⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬Ꮢၞߩਛߦ‫ޔ‬Ꮢⴝ࿾ߩߺߥࠄߕᐢᄢߥ⥄ὼၞ߿↰࿦࿾Ꮺࠍᛴ߃ࠆㇺᏒ‫ޔޠ‬ਃߟ⋡ߪ‫ޟޔ‬ਔ⠪ߩਛ㑆ߩㇺᏒ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬࡮ߎࠇࠄߩ㆑޿ߪਥߦᏒၞߩ㕙Ⓧߦᄢ߈ߊᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣߣߥࠆ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬㕙Ⓧ߇ 100km2
ߦḩߚߥ޿ㇺᏒߩᄙߊߪᏒၞߩᄢඨ߇Ꮢⴝ࿾ߢ޽ࠆߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬Ꮢၞ߇ 1,000km2 ࠍ⿥߃ࠆㇺᏒߩᄙߊߪᏒⴝ࿾ࠃࠅ߽ᐢᄢߥ⥄ὼၞ߿↰࿦࿾ᏪࠍᏒၞߦᛴ߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮⃻࿷ߩㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߪߎ߁ߒߚㇺᏒߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩ㆑޿ࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߎߣߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᜰᮡߏߣߩࠬࠦࠕࠍ৻ᓞߦ▚಴ߒ‫ޔ‬Ყセߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆὐ߇໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬٨ฦ࿖ฦㇺᏒߩࡕ࠴ࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ਄ߍࠆᎿᄦ߇ᔅⷐ
࡮ᜰᮡߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ࿖ฦㇺᏒߩࡕ࠴ࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ਄ߍࠆࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ‫ޔߪߚ߹ޔ‬ബ߹ߒߦߥࠆࠃ߁
ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬᳿ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ฦㇺᏒߩ߿ࠆ᳇ࠍߘߋࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߡߪߥࠄߥ
޿‫ޕ‬࡮೨ㅀߩ⺖㗴ߢ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬Ꮢၞߩᄢඨ߇Ꮢⴝ࿾ߢ޽ࠆㇺᏒߣ‫ޔ‬ᐢᄢߥ⥄ὼၞ߿↰࿦࿾Ꮺ߇ᄢඨࠍභ߼ࠆㇺᏒߣࠍหߓ࿯ୈߢ⹏ଔߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬หߓ࠲ࠗࡊߦಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆㇺᏒห჻ߢ⹏ଔน⢻ߥᜰᮡ㗄⋡ࠍᬌ⸛ߒ‫ޔ‬૞ᚑߒߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡ㧔ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ㧝᦬ᤨὐߩᦨᣂ 㧕ߦኻߔࠆᅷᒰᕈ
ࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળ੐ോዪ✚᜝ෳਈ࡮ട⮮ᱜ༹᳁߳ߩࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣࠍⴕߞߚ‫⚿ࠣࡦ࡝ࠕࡅޕ‬ᨐਗ߮ߦട⮮᳁ࠃࠅឭଏߐࠇ
ߚ⾗ᢱࠍ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚1v࡮ߘߩᗧ๧ߢߪ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼၞߩᄙኦߪฦㇺᏒߦߣߞߡߩਈઙ޽ࠆ޿ߪೋᦼ᧦ઙߣߒߡᛒ޿‫ߘޔ‬ߩᓟߩჇᷫࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆᣇ߇⦟޿߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬٨‫ޟ‬ੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼ߇ᜬߟ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍᡰ߃ࠆẜ࿷ജ‫⹏ࠍޠ‬ଔኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐ
࡮ㇺᏒ߇ᛴ߃ࠆ⺖㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߊ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒౝߩ⥄ὼၞ߿↰࿦࿾Ꮺߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޔߣޠో଻ޟ‬Ꮢⴝ࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޟ‬ᓳర‫ߦޠ‬ಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ߒ߆ߒ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߪ‫ޟޔ‬ᓳర‫ޠ‬㧔Ꮢⴝ࿾߿ㄘ࿾ߥߤ
ߩੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼߦ߅ߌࠆᓳరߩᚑᨐ╬㧕ࠍචಽ⹏ଔߢ߈ࠆౝኈߦߪߥߞߡ޿ߥ޿ὐ߇໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࡮଀߃߫‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߢ߽ 20 ਎♿ᧃએ᧪‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒᴡᎹߩ᳓⾰ᡷༀߦߣ߽ߥߞߡ㝼㘃ߩᓳᵴ߇⷗ࠄࠇ
ࠆ‫ޕ‬㝼㘃߽‫․ޔ‬ቯ⒳߳ߩ஍ࠅ߿ࠞ࡜ࠬ‫ⵍࠆࠃߦ࠙ࡢࠞޔ‬ኂߣ޿߁໧㗴ὐࠍ฽ߺߥ߇ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬
20 ਎♿ඨ߫ߦᲧߴߡᏒⴝ࿾ߢߩჇട࡮ቯ⌕௑ะ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬੩ㇺߩ␠ኹߦ߅ߌࠆ
ᣣᧄᐸ࿦ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ੱޔ‬Ꮏ⊛ߥⅣႺߢ޽ࠅߥ߇ࠄ⼾߆ߥ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍታ⃻ߒߡ޿ࠆ଀߽޽
ࠆ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬Ꮢⴝ࿾ߩਛߩੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼ߇ᜬߟน⢻ᕈࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦ⹏ଔߒ‫ޔ‬ੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼߩน⢻ᕈࠍㆡಾߦᒁ߈಴ߔขࠅ⚵ߺߩଦㅴߦነਈߔࠆᜰᮡ߇ᔅⷐߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬٨↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦ㑐ࠊࠆᜰᮡ㗄⋡ߩᬌ⸛࡮⵬ᒝ߇ᔅⷐ
࡮⃻࿷ߩㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߢߪ‫↢ޔ‬ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆᜰᮡ߇㧡୘⸳ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔߜ߁ߩߘޔ‬㧟୘߇‫࡮ࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࠛ࡝ࠢ࡟ޟ‬ᢎ⢒‫߇ޠ‬භ߼ߡ߅ࠅ‫ࡃޔ‬࡜ࡦࠬ߇ᖡ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᜰᮡ㗄⋡ࠍㅊടߔߴ߈߆ߪ੹ᓟߩᬌ⸛⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩᜰᮡ㗄⋡ߩ⵬ᒝ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߪ‫⥄ޟ‬Ꮖ⹏ଔ‫ߣߛ࡞࡯࠷ߩ↪ޠ‬⡞޿ߡ޿ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬ฦㇺᏒ߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩ
ታᖱߣ໧㗴ᗧ⼂ߦᓥߞߡ‫ߩ⥄⁛ޔ‬ᜰᮡࠍઃߌട߃ࠆߥߤߩࡈ࡟ࠠࠪࡉ࡞ߥขࠅᛒ޿߽ᔅ
ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬٨ㇺᏒ⸘↹ߣߩ㑐ㅪ߆ࠄᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߣ޿߁ⷞὐ߽ᔅⷐ
࡮↢ᘒቇߩኾ㐷ኅߛߌߢߥߊ‫↢ޔ‬ᘒቇએᄖߩኾ㐷ኅ㧔ㇺᏒ⸘↹╬㧕ߩ⋡✢߆ࠄᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣ߽ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߣ޿ߥߒ߁ߘޕ‬ㇺᏒ⸘↹╬ߩઁಽ㊁ߦ㑐ࠊࠆᜂᒰ⠪߇૶޿ߦߊ
޿ᜰᮡߣߥߞߡߒ߹߁‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡙ޔ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬㧔ታ㓙ߦᜰᮡࠍᣉ╷╬ߦ૶߁ੱ㧕ࠍᗐቯߒߥ߇ࠄᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩᵩ᳓⺞ᢛ⢻ജ߿ੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼ╬ߪㇺᏒ⸘↹ߦߟߥ߇ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߚ߼‫ߦ․ޔ‬ㇺᏒ⸘↹ߦߟߥ߇ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ⼂ߒߡᜰᮡࠍߟߊࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬vi㧢㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦߪ‫߁޿ߣޠࠬࡆ࡯ࠨޟ‬᭎ᔨ߇౉ߞߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫߇࡯ࠩ࡯࡙ޔ‬ᗐቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᜰᮡߩ╷ቯߦട߃‫ޔ‬ᜰᮡ߇ታⴕജࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߦߪㇺᏒㇱߩ૑᳃ߩḩ⿷ᐲ‫ޔ‬ⴕ᡽ߩ⚵❱ߩᨵエᕈߥߤ߇㊀ⷐߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬viiî ஜዻ

㧝㧚ߪߓ߼ߦ
⒖૑ߦ⾌߿ߐࠇࠆ⾗Ḯߩߚ߼‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߦ߹ߔ߹ߔ࿶ജ߇߆߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂㧔CBD㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ᡽╷⼏㗴ߣߒߡᶋ߆߮਄߇ߞߡ߈ߚ໧㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ో‫ޠ‬ߣ‫ߩߘޟ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪‫ޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬UN-HABITAT㧔࿖ㅪੱ㑆ዬ૑⸘↹㧕߇╷ቯߒߚ‫ ޟ‬the State of the World’s Cities
2006-2007‫ޔߣࠆࠃߦޠ‬2007 ᐕߦੱ㘃ผ਄ೋ߼ߡ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ߩోੱญߩඨಽએ਄߇ㇺᏒߦዬ૑ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔߊߥ߽ߢ߹߁⸒ޕ‬ᄌൻߪㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ోߣߘߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪‫ޔ‬෸߮↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ߇ᜬ⛯⊛ߦᯏ⢻ߔࠆߎߣߦኻߔࠆ
㔍㗴ࠍ⓭߈ߟߌߚ‫⚿ޕ‬ᨐߣߒߡ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ోߣ޿߁⋡ᮡߦว⥌ߔࠆࠃ߁ߥᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߪ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߣ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ⛔วߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ৻ㅪߩࡈࡠ࡯ࠍᰴ㗁ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬-1-ᣃࠊƷဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱਦ೅Ʒ᧏ႆѣӼᣃࠊƷဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱਦ೅Ʒ‫׎‬ᨥႎ᧏ႆᢅᆉ
ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱƱਦ೅ᣃࠊƷဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱਦ೅ƷഭӪଐஜƷဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱਦ೅Ʒ᧏ႆѣӼᣃࠊƷဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱਦ೅Ʒ᧏ႆƴƭƍƯƷ౨᚛
DPSIR ȢȇȫƷᏑ୎ƱΟˮࣱᣃࠊƷဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱਦ೅᧏ႆǁƷ DPSIR Ȣȇȫᢘဇƴ‫ݣ‬Ƣǔᛯᚸዮਙ᳸ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱƱᣃࠊਦ೅Ʒወӳ᳸žᣃࠊƷဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱǷȳǬȝȸȫਦ೅ſƷ‫ࣱ࢘ڲ‬Ʒ౨ᚰƓǘǓƴ

࿑ 1-1 ⎇ⓥࡈࡠ࡯

-2-㧞㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒േะ㧞㧙㧝㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ࿖㓙⊛㐿⊒ㆊ⒟(1) OECD
 1978 ᐕએ㒠‫ޔ‬ⅣႺⷐ⚛߿↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈⷐ⚛ࠍ฽߻ㇺᏒᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ㅪߒߚᄢⷙᮨߥ࿖㓙⊛㐿⊒ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ߇ᄙߊ⊒⴫ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޔߪߦߩ߽ߥ⊛ᦼ↹ޕ‬OECD ߇⊒⴫ߒߚ‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒⅣႺᜰᮡ‫ޠ‬㧔Urban Environmental Indicator㧕߇޽ࠅ‫ߪࠇߎޔ‬૑ቛଏ⛎߆ࠄ⚻ᷣᵴേߦ޿ߚࠆ
વ⛔⊛ߥ৻ㅪߩ࠺࡯࠲ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߚࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ਛߢ‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ⷐ⚛߿଻ஜ⊛ⷐ⚛߇⸒෸ߐࠇߚ߇‫⊒ޔ‬ዷ߹ߢߦߪ⥋ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ㧔OECD㧘1978㧕‫ޕ‬
1995 ᐕ‫ޔ‬OECD ߪ࿾ℂ⊛᜛ᄢߣⶄ㔀ߐ㧔OECD㧘1997㧕ࠍ฽߻ㇺᏒ߇⋥㕙ߔࠆᣂߒ޿㔍໧ߦขࠅ⚵߻ߚ߼‫ࡊ࠶ࠕ࡯ࡠࠜࡈߢ࠿ࡦ࡟ߩࠬࡦ࡜ࡈޔ‬ળ⼏ࠍ㐿޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᣂߒ޿ⷐ⚛ߩ⛔วߪ‫ޔ‬૑᳃ߩ⒖േߣߣ߽ߦᢎ⢒‫ޔ⟋‽ޔ‬ⅣႺ໧㗴╬ߩ␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛஥㕙ࠍᒝൻߒߚ‫ޕ‬
2001 ᐕ‫ޔ‬OECD ߪ 10 ୘ߩਥⷐⅣႺᜰᮡࠍ᳿ቯߒ‫ߩߎޔ‬ਛߦߪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ߽฽߹ࠇ
ߡ޿ߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᜰᮡߪ OECD ߩฦ࿖ⅣႺᄢ⤿ߦࠃߞߡᡰᜬߐࠇ‫ޔ‬Ფᐕᦝᣂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬-3-

(2) ਎⇇㌁ⴕ ਎⇇㌁ⴕ߽ࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉࠍ⊒ើߒߚ‫ޕ‬1994 ᐕ‫ޔ‬਎⇇㌁ⴕߪઁߩ࿖ㅪᯏ㑐ߣද௛ߢㇺᏒߩ໧㗴ߣࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߚ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ࠍ⊒⴫ߒ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩߚ߼ߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥᜰᮡ㧔਎⇇㌁ⴕ㧘1994㧕ߩ㐿⊒ࠍឭ᩺ߒߚ‫ޟ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ߩ࠻࡯ࡐ࡟ޕ‬㐿⊒ߩߚ߼ߩࠗࡦࡈ࡜‫ߔ␜߇ޠ‬ࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬਎⇇㌁ⴕ╬ߩᦨఝవ੐㗄ߪၮᧄ⊛ⷐ⚛෸߮ߘࠇߦ⚿߮ߟ޿ߚᛩ⾗ߩ⸳┙ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩᜰᮡߩὶὐߪ‫ޔ↥↢ޔ‬૑ቛ㐿⊒‫࡜ࡈࡦࠗޔ‬ᢛ஻╬ߩ⚻ᷣᵴേ߆ࠄᓧߚ
੐ታߦၮߠ޿ߚᢙ୯߿ੱญ⛔⸘⊛ᢙ୯߳ߣ⒖ߞߚ‫ޕ‬(3) UN-HABITAT㧔࿖ㅪੱ㑆ዬ૑⸘↹㧕 ࿖ㅪੱ㑆ዬ૑⸘↹ߪ‫ޔ‬UN HABITAT Τ㧦1996 ᐕ╙ 2 ࿁࿖ㅪੱ㑆ዬ૑ળ⼏ࠗࠬ࠲ࡦࡉ࡯
࡞‫ޔ‬2006 ᐕ╙ 3 ࿁਎⇇ㇺᏒࡈࠜ࡯࡜ࡓࡃࡦࠢ࡯ࡃ࡯╬‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ㑐ㅪળ⼏ࠍ㐿޿ߚ‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬ߩળ⼏ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ታ↪⊛ߢᣇᴺ⺰⊛ߥ໧㗴߇ࠃߊᬌ⸛ߐࠇ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ᓟ⠪ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫᧚ੱޔ‬⢒ᚑ‫ޔ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥㇺᏒࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ ࠳ࡦࠚࠫࠕޔ‬21 ߩ࿾ၞൻ߽ᬌ⸛ߐࠇߚ‫ ࠳ࡦࠚࠫࠕޕ‬21 ߩ࿾ၞ
ൻߪ․ߦ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬એ೨‫ ࠳ࡦࠚࠫࠕޔ‬21 ߩㇺᏒߦኻߔࠆㆡ↪߇ਇ᣿⍎ߢ޽ࠆߣߩᛕ್ࠍᶎ߮ߚߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔ࠕࠫࠚࡦ࠳ 21 ߪ Keating㧘1993 ෳᾖ‫ޔ‬ᱧผ⊛⢛᥊ߦߟ޿ߡ
ߪ Newman㧘1999 ෳᾖ㧕(4) ᰷Ꮊᆔຬળ╬ ㄭᐕߦ߅޿ߡ߽࿾ၞࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻߇┙ߜ਄ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬᰷Ꮊᆔຬળ㧔EC㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬2003ᐕߦ࿾ၞߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥᜰᮡ㧔EC㧘2003㧕ࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ൮᜝⊛ߥ⹏ଔၮḰ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ⊒⴫ߒߚ‫ߣࠇߎޕ‬ਗⴕߒߡ‫ޔ‬EC ߪ‫ޟ‬Pastille‫ߣޠ‬๮ฬߐࠇߚࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦ⾗㊄ࠍឭଏߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߪ 4 ߆࿖㧔ࠝ࡯ࠬ࠻࡝ࠕ‫ࠬࠗࠬޔࠬ࡝ࠡࠗޔࠬࡦ࡜ࡈޔ‬㧕ߩ⚻㛎ࠍ߽ߣߦ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒࠟࡃ࠽ࡦࠬߦ߅ߌࠆᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡߩᓎഀߦߟ޿ߡಽᨆߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔PASTILLE
Consortiun㧘2002㧕‫ޟޔߪߢ࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊߩߎޕ‬ᜰᮡ૞ᚑߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߪฦᯏ㑐ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ߿ੱ᧚⢒ᚑߦ᦭⋉ߢ޽ࠆ‫⺰⚿ߣޠ‬ઃߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ࠬ࡝ࠡࠗޔ‬࿖㓙㐿⊒⋭㧔DFID㧕ߪ‫ࠬࡆ࡯ࠨޔ‬ឭଏ⠪ߣ࿾ၞ␠ળߩ㑆ߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯
࡚ࠪࡦࠍะ਄ߔࠆߚ߼ߦⅣႺᜰᮡࠍ೑↪ߔࠆߎߣߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ᩏߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ධࠕࡈ࡝ࠞߣࠗ
ࡦ࠼ߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦ⾗㊄ࠍଏਈߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ࠡ࡝ࠪࡖⅣႺ⋭ߪ‫ޔ‬࿾ਛᶏ 6 ߆࿖ߩ࿾ၞࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦ⾗㊄ឭଏࠍߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇࠄߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ⋡⊛ߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬࿾ၞߩ౒᦭ႎ๔ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ‫ޔࡓ࠹ࠬࠪࠣࡦ࡝࠲࠾ࡕޔ‬ᖱႎࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⸳┙ߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߚ࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕࡟ࡌ࡞ߩᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒⁁ᴫࠍᛠីߔࠆߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ㧔Nader ઁ㧘2008㧕‫ޕ‬-4-

(5) ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂✦⚂࿖ળ⼏
 2008 ᐕߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 9 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ߦ߅޿ߡ‫⋡⚂᧦ޔ‬ᮡߩታ⃻ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߩᓎഀߦ㑐ߔࠆ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߩ౏ᑼ᳿⼏߇ណᛯߐࠇߚ㧔᳿⼏Ϋ/28㧧SCBD㧘2008 ෳᾖ㧕‫ߩߎޕ‬᳿⼏ߪ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ోߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߣㇺᏒߩᓎഀࠍ⹺⼂ߒ‫ޔ‬
CBD ߩ⋡ᮡߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ࠷࡯࡞߿ᜰ㊎ߩㆡ↪ࠍᅑബߒߚ㧔᳿⼏Ϋ/28 ╙ 6 ▵㧔a㧕㧕‫ޕ‬ ㇺᏒߩᜰᮡߪࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ‫ޔ‬᡽╷᳿ቯ‫⹏ߣࠣࡦ࡝࠲࠾ࡕޔ‬ଔߦવ⛔⊛ߦ૶ࠊࠇߡ
߈ߚ࠷࡯࡞ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄙߊߩㇺᏒ߇㐿⊒ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦෳടߒ‫ޔ‬ᵴべࠍ⛯ߌߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬೨✦⚂࿖ળ⼏㐿௅ㇺᏒࠢ࡝࠴ࡃ㧔ࡉ࡜ࠫ࡞࡮COP8 㐿௅ㇺᏒ㧕‫ࡦࡏޔ‬㧔࠼ࠗ࠷࡮COP9 㐿௅ㇺᏒ㧕ߩ߶߆‫࡞࡯ࠝ࡝࠻ࡦࡕޔ‬㧔ࠞ࠽࠳㧕╬‫ޔ‬࿖ㅪߦ㑐ଥߒߚㇺᏒ߽฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᰴ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏㐿௅ㇺᏒߣߥࠆฬฎደᏒ߽ෳടߒߚ‫ޕ‬ ᣣᧄߢߪ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕߦ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈၮᧄᴺ߇ᣂߒߊᣉⴕߐࠇ‫ ╙ޔ‬13 ᧦ߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ฦ⥄ᴦ૕ߩ㧔ᜰᮡߩ೑↪ࠍ฽߻㧕↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ࿾ၞᚢ⇛ߩ╷ቯࠍ᳞߼ߚ‫ޕ‬ട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߣ޿߁⁁ᴫߦ․ቯߒߚ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠍഃࠅ಴ߔߚ߼‫࡞࡯ࡐࠟࡦࠪޔ‬᡽ᐭߩਥዉߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߣฬઃߌࠄࠇߚࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉ߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ
㧔Chan and Djoghlaf 2009 ෳᾖ㧕‫ߪ࡞࡯ࡐࠟࡦࠪޕ‬ㇺᏒߢ޽ࠆߣหᤨߦ࿖ኅߢ޽ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩߚ߼ߩ࿖㓙⊛⺰⼏ߦ߅޿ߡ⁛⥄ߩ┙႐ߦ૏⟎ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬4 ߟߩㇺᏒߣㇺᏒ࿖ኅࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᏒߢ㐿௅ߐࠇࠆ COP10 ߢㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈⴕേ⸘↹ߩណᛯࠍᡰេߔࠆㆇ༡ᆔຬળࠍ⚵❱ߒߚ‫ޕ‬(6) ߘߩઁᯏ㑐 ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ㧔CBI㧕ߩ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆߘߩઁߩ੐଀ߣߒߡ‫ࠗ࡟ࠢࠗޔ‬㧔਎⇇ਛߩ 1,100 ㇺᏒ߆ࠄߥࠆදળ㧕ߣ IUCN㧔࿖㓙⥄ὼ଻⼔ㅪว㧕ߩࠞ࠙ࡦ࠻࠳࠙ࡦ 2010 ╬ߩᏒ᳃␠ળߦࠃࠆࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉ߿ᵴേ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠗࠢ࡟ࠗߪ 2006 ᐕ߆ࠄᆎ߹ߞߚ⹜㛎Ბ㓏ߢ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈࡠ࡯ࠞ࡞ࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦߣ޿߁⥄りߩࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉࠍណᛯߒ‫ޔ‬IUCN ߪࠗࠢ࡟ࠗߣᦨㄭ⸳┙ߐࠇߚࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊߩෳട
⠪ߣ✕ኒߦද௛ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔2 ߟߩࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉߣ CBI ෳട⠪ࠍ฽߻ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩࠣࡠ࡯ࡃ࡞ࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ㧕‫ߪࡉࠖ࠹ࠕࠪ࠾ࠗߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬㐿⊒ㅜ਄࿖ߩㇺᏒ߽฽ߺ‫ޔ‬CBIߩ㐿⊒ㆊ⒟ߦࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ࠍਈ߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬-5-㧞㧙㧞㧚↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣᜰᮡ
(1) ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߦ߅ߌࠆਥⷐ⺖㗴 ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣᜰᮡߩ㑐ଥߪⶄ㔀ߢ޽ࠅ‫⴫ޔ‬㕙਄᣿⊕ߦ⷗߃ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿߇᳿ߒߡߘ߁
ߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᢥ₂ߦࠃࠆߣ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ߦ߅ߌࠆਥⷐ⺖㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬
ᰴߩ 2 ὐߦ㓸⚂ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ 㧨ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߩਥⷐ⺖㗴㧪 Ԙⓨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡯࡞෶ߪᤨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡯࡞ ԙ਄⸥ߣ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ㐳ᦼ⊛⋡ᮡ෶ߪ⋡⊛ߣߩ㑐ଥ ߘ߽ߘ߽↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߪ᷹ቯน⢻ߥᜰᮡߣ޿߁ࠃࠅߪ‫⥄ࠇߘޟޔ‬૕߇⋡⊛‫޿ߣ߆޿ߥߪߢޠ‬߁ၮᧄ⊛ߥ⇼໧߇޽ࠆ㧔Nose㧘1990‫ޔ‬Zebisch ߦᒁ↪㧘2004㧕‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ട߃‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߣߘߩᜰᮡߪዤᐲߣ࿾ၞߩ⁁ᴫߦᏀฝߐࠇࠆߣ޿߁ታ㓙⊛໧㗴߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ℂᗐ⊛ߥࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦ
ࠣᜰᮡߪ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩⶄ㔀ߐ‫ޔ‬㓏ጀ⊛ಽ㘃‫ߟ߆ޔ‬ᄙ㕙⊛ߥᕈ⾰ࠍቢోߦ෻ᤋߒߡ޿ߥߌ
ࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿㧔Nose㧘1990㧧Muller㧘1992㧕‫ޕ‬ಽᨆߪ 3 ߟߩ࡟ࡌ࡞㧔ㆮવሶ‫ޔ‬⒳‫↢ޔ‬ᘒ♽㧕ࠍࠞࡃ࡯ߒ‫ޔ‬ฦ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆ⎕უ⊛෸߮៊ኂࠍਈ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߥⷐ⚛ࠍขࠅᛒߞߡ޿߆ߥߌ
ࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿㧔Spangenberg㧘2007㧕‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߪ߅ߘࠄߊታⴕਇน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ㧔Lin ઁ㧘2009㧧
Hermy㧒Cornelis㧘2000㧕‫‛↢ޕ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߣ޿߁⑼ቇ⊛ദജߪ߹ߛ⊒ዷᲑ㓏ߢ޽ࠆ‫‛↢ޕ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ߅ߌࠆ৻⥸⊛േะࠍ෻ᤋߒ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛⺰ὐࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇⋡ᮡߢ޽ࠆ 㧔van Stien ઁ㧘2009 for typology and challenges the Netherlands ෳᾖ㧕‫ޕ‬-6-

(2) ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ޿߁᭎ᔨߪ᥉ㆉ⊛ߥ᭎ᔨߢ޽ࠅ‫᦭ߩߘޔ‬ᯏ૕ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߪ‫․߫ߒ߫ߒޔ‬ቯߩⓨ㑆⊛࡮ᤨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߦ࡝ࡦࠢߒߡ޿ࠆߚ߼‫᦭ߩߤޟޔ‬ᯏ૕࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ⺞ᩏࠍߒߚ޿ߩ߆‫ޔ‬߹ߚߪ᦭ᯏ૕ߩߤߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ࠲࡯ࠥ࠶࠻ߣߔࠆߩ߆ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆ‫ߪߣߎޠ‬ਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬↢ᘒቇ⊛ⶄ㔀ߐߣ⑼ቇ⊛࿎㔍ߐߣߣ߽ߦ᣿⏕ൻߐࠇߚࡊࡠ࠻ࠦ࡞ࠍ૶ߞߡ‫ޔ‬Dale ߣ Beyelerߪ‫ޟ‬᣿⏕ߥ⋡ᮡࠍᜬߞߚᜰᮡߩㆬᛯߪ‫↢ޔ‬ᘒቇ⊛ᜰᮡߩ⊒ዷߣ೑↪ߦ߅ߌࠆ 3 ߟߩ㔍໧ߩ
߁ߜߩ 1 ߟߢ޽ࠆ‫⺰⚿ߣޠ‬ઃߌߚ‫↢ޕ‬ᘒቇ⊛ᜰᮡߣ޿߁⸒⪲ߪ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺᜰᮡߣห⟵⺆‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ߪߘߩ৻ㇱߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍᜰߔ⸒⪲ߣߒߡ૶ࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Niemeijer ߣ Groot㧔2008b㧕ߪ‫↢ޔ‬ᘒ♽ߣ↢‛ቇ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⊛ᄌൻߣൻቇ⊛ᄌൻࠍ඙೎ߔࠆߣ߈‫↢ޔ‬ᘒቇ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߩ೑↪ࠍ㒢ቯߔࠆߎߣߪ᦭⋉ߢ޽ࠆߛࠈ߁ߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⸘↹┙᩺ߣߩ㑐ଥߢ‫ޔ‬Termorshuizen ઁ㧔2007㧕ߪ‫⋡ޔ‬ᮡ⸳ቯߪߤߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ↢ᘒቇ⊛ᯏ⢻ࠍขࠅᛒ߁ߩ߆ㆬᛯ⊛ߢ޽ࠆߴ߈ߣᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߥᣇᴺࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬Savard ઁ㧔2000㧕ߪฦ▤ℂ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦኻᔕߔࠆߐ߹ߑ߹ߥࠬࠤ࡯࡞ࠍ૶߁ߎߣࠍᜰ៰
ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬୘ੱߣ࿾ၞ␠ળ‫ߪߚ߹ޔ‬࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߣㇺᏒ᡽ᐭ╬‫▤ࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬ℂ࡟ࡌ࡞ߩ㑆ߩ౒หࠍ↢ߓߐߖࠆ‫ޕ‬-7-

(3) ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߦ㑐ߔࠆᣢሽ⎇ⓥ ৻ㇱ‫↢ޔ‬ᕷ࿾ߩ࠲ࠗࡊ෸߮↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ⍦⋫ߔࠆᯏ⢻ߩ⋧੕ㅪ⚿ߩߚ߼‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ߒߡߪ߶ߣࠎߤ⎇ⓥ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡߎߥ߆ߞߚ‫⥄ޔࠅ߹ߟޕ‬ὼ଻⼔ߪߒ߫ߒ߫ᄖ᧪⒳ࠍ฽߻ㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ㗔ၞߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ㅢᏱ࡟ࠢ࡝ࠛ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⊛޽ࠆ޿ߪ⟤⊛ଔ୯ߦᰴ޿ߢ
ੑᰴ⊛ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ቇ㓙⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ߩᔅⷐ߇ต߫ࠇߡ޿ࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⼏⺰ߪ⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⊛ⷰὐߦᡰ㈩ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᛕ್߽޽ࠆ‫␠ޕ‬ળ⊛‫↢ޔ‬ᘒቇ⊛ଔ୯ࠍ⛔วߔࠆߣ޿߁ᣇᴺ⺰⊛໧㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬ਥߦㇺᏒ᫪ᨋ▤ℂߩ႐ߢ⼏⺰ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ታ㓙‫↢ޔ‬ᘒቇ⊛෸߮␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ಽ㊁ࠍㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ⚿߮ઃߌࠆቇ㓙⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴
ࠍ૶ߞߚ⎇ⓥߪ߆ߥࠅ㒢ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Tyrvainen ઁ㧔2007㧕‫ޔ‬Makinen ߣ Tyrvainen
㧔2008㧕
ࠍ฽߻ᢙዋߥ޿⎇ⓥ߇ㅴⴕਛߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ૑᳃ߩଔ୯ⷰࠍㇺᏒ✛ൻ࿾ၞ⸘↹ߦ⛔วߔࠆᣇᴺ⺰ࠍㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬Oyeyar ઁ㧔2007㧕ߪ 3 ߟߩቇ㓙⊛ⷐ⚛̆⚻ᷣ⊛ⷐ⚛㧔૑ቛଔᩰ㧕‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ⷐ⚛㧔࿾ၞ߇ḩ⿷ߔࠆ౏࿦ߣ᫪ᨋߩ೑↪㧕‫↢ޔ‬ᘒቇ⊛ⷐ⚛㧔㡆⑯⒳ߩ⼾ንߐ㧕̆ࠍ೑↪ߒߚ⺞ᩏࠍⴕߞߚ‫⎇ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔߪ߈ߴߔ╩․ߢߎߎޕ‬ⓥߪ߹ߛታ㛎Ბ㓏ߦ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬↢ᘒቇ⊛஥㕙ߪߒ߫ߒ߫↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⒳ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߹ߢᒁ߈ਅߍࠄࠇߡߒ߹߁ߚ߼‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ
ᣇᴺࠍ৻ጀ㜞ᐲߦߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫↢ޔ߫ࠇ߃߆޿⸒ޕ‬ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ߇ㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ⎇ⓥߩ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠆߚ߼ߦߪ‫↢ޔ‬ᘒቇ⊛⎇ⓥߪࠃࠅ᜛ᄢߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ
޿㧔ߒ߫ߒ߫ዋߥ޿࡝࠰࡯ࠬߢ㧕‫ޕ‬ ⎇ⓥਇ⿷ߣ㒢ቯ⊛࡝࠰࡯ࠬߩ໧㗴ࠍస᦯ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬Hermy ߣ Cornelis㧔2000㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ᒰዪ߇⡯ຬߩឭଏน⢻ߥᤨ㑆ࠍ‫ᤨޟ‬㑆㈩ಽ‫ߣߎࠆߔޠ‬㧔᮸ᧁߩߚߥ෈ߒ 1 ᣣ㧛15ha ╬㧕ࠍㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦࠇߎޕ‬ട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩ⥄ὼ▤ℂߦߣߞߡᏒ᳃ෳടߪ‫ߒ߽ޟ‬ᔅⷐߢߥ޿ߣߒߡ߽
㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ߣޠ‬㐳ࠄߊߺߥߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬࿾ၞߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆߚ߼ߩᏒ᳃ෳടߩ൐
㓸ߣㇺᏒ૑᳃ߩ࠻࡟࡯࠾ࡦࠣߪ‫ޔ‬૑᳃ߦࠃࠆࠝ࡯࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ㧔⺕߇ߘࠇߩࠛࡦ࠼࡙࡯ࠩ࡯
߆㧕ࠍᒝൻߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈‫ࠍ࠻ࠬࠦޔ‬ᷫࠄߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄߩ 6 ࠞ࿖ߦ߅޿ߡ‫․ޔ‬೎ߥ࠷࡯࡞㧔౏⊛ࠗࡌࡦ࠻‫⺞ޔ࡯ࡘࡆ࠲ࡦࠗޔ‬ᩏ╬㧕ߣࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴㧔ኾ㐷ኅ‫ޔ‬ሶଏߩෳട‫ޔ‬࿾ℂᖱႎࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ㧕ࠍ೑↪ߒߚㇺᏒ᫪ᨋ▤ℂߩ⹏ଔࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬᡽╷᳿ቯ⠪ߣ࿾ၞಽ㊁ߩኾ㐷ኅߣߩද௛ߦ߅޿ߡ࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ᜰᮡߦ฽߹ࠇࠆᖱႎ߇ࠃࠅᄙߊߩᏒ᳃ߦ㐿߆ࠇߚ߽ߩߦߥࠆߣ
Tasser ઁ㧔2008㧕ߪㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬-8-

(4) ⚿⺰ⷐߔࠆߦ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕߩᄙߊߩᢥ₂߇➅ࠅ㄰ߒᒝ⺞ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᜰᮡߪ․ቯߩⓨ㑆⊛‫ᤨޔ‬㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߢ㐿⊒ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ฦ‫ߩޘ‬ㆬᛯߒߚࠬࠤ࡯࡞߿࡟ࡌ࡞ߦኻᔕߔࠆ᡽╷㧔▤ℂ⸘↹㧕߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਥߦ౏࿦ߦ߅ߌࠆㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐߪߘߩⶄ㔀ߐߣ⍦⋫ߔࠆⷐ⚛ߩߚ߼ߦᲧセ⊛ਲߒ޿‫ޕ‬-9-㧞㧙㧟㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩᱧผ
(1) ᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩᄌㆫ
 1970 ᐕઍߩ㐿⊒ೋᦼᲑ㓏ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩᜰᮡߪਥߦ࠺࡯࠲ߩ౉ᚻߩߒ߿ߔߐߦଐሽߒ
ߡዉ౉ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ㇺᏒߪ⚻ᷣᵴേߩ႐ߣߺߥߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߣ޿߁⁁ᴫߦ․೎ߥ㈩ᘦࠍߔࠆߎߣ
ߥߊ‫ޔ‬࿖ኅ࡟ࡌ࡞߆ࠄ࿾ᣇ࡟ࡌ࡞߹ߢหߓࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒ߇૶ࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ㇺᏒߩᜰᮡߦߣ
ߞߡㆡಾߥⓨ㑆⊛‫ᤨޔ‬㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߩ᳿ቯߪ➅ࠅ㄰ߒขࠅ਄ߍࠄࠇࠆ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢߢ޽ࠆ‫ߒޕ‬߆ߒ‫ޔ‬૗߇ߒ߆ߩⅣႺⷐ⚛ߪ⸘᷹ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁৻⥸⊛ߥวᗧߪ޽ࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ߤޔ‬ߩࠃ߁ߥⓨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒࠍࡕ࠾࠲࡯ߒߡ޿ߊ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߪ‫ߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬วᗧ߇ᓧࠄ
ࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ࠆ޽ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬࿾ၞߩߚ߼ߦ㐿⊒ߒߚᜰᮡߪઁߩ࿾ၞߦㆡ↪ߢ߈ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎ
ߣࠍᗧ๧ߒ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞࠍ⿧߃ߚද௛ᵴേࠍ࿎㔍ߦߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ଀߃߫‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬஥㕙ߢᜰᮡ⹏ଔߩࠬࠦࠕߩ㜞޿ㇺᏒ̆᳓ࠍଏ⛎ߒ‫ࠍࡒࠧޔ‬ಣℂߔࠆߩߦㆡ
ಾߥ࿯࿾ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ̆ߪ‫ߩ߼ߚߩ✛ޔ‬࿯࿾߇ਇ⿷ߒߡ޿ࠆ႐ว߽޽ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᗧ๧ߢߪࠬ
ࠦࠕ߇ૐ޿ߣ⸒߁ߎߣ߇޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬᡿ߦ‫ޔ‬OECD ߩ࡟ࡐ࡯࠻ߪ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆߔߴߡߩ⑼ቇ⠪ߦ‫ߩߢ࡞ࡌ࡟ߚߞߥ⇣ޔ‬㑐ㅪߒߚⓨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒࠍ⏕ቯߔࠆߎߣࠍ๭߮߆ߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ฎౖ⊛ߥᜰᮡߪߒ߫ߒ߫↢↥‫ޔ‬㓹↪‫ੱޔ‬ญ‫࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬໧㗴ߦ㓸ਛߒߡ޿ߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᜰᮡߦ৻⥸⊛ߥⅣႺ࠺࡯࠲߇฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ႐วߦߪ‫ߪࠇߘޔ‬ᄢ᳇ߩࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣ߿᳓ߩᖱ
ႎ‫ޔ‬േᬀ‛ߩᄌൻߢ޽ߞߚ‫߇࠲࡯࠺ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬᡽╷᳿ቯ⠪ߦߣߞߡ᦭⋉ߢ޽ࠆ߆ߦߟ޿
ߡߪ߶ߣࠎߤᵈᗧ߇ᛄࠊࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ട߃ߡ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ⊛஥㕙ߪߒ߫ߒ߫ᒝ⺞ߐࠇߚ߇‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛஥㕙߿ᢥൻ⊛஥㕙ߪ߶ߣࠎߤ⛔วߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ ᭎ᔨ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅޿ߡ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣᵴേߩਥⷐ႐ᚲߢ޽ࠆㇺᏒߪ‫ߣࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߩߟߣ߭ߔ߹ߔ߹ޔ‬ߒߡᝒ߃ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫⊛ဳౖߩࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߩߎޕ‬ᵹࠇߪ‫ޔ‬᭎ᔨൻߒߚ‛⾰ߣࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ
࡯ࠍࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ߣߒ‫ߣ⾰‛ߚࠇߐ↥↢ޔ‬ᑄ᫈‛ࠍࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻ߣߒߚ‫ޔߡߒ߁ߎޕ‬ㇺᏒࠍ↢ᘒ♽߹ߚߪᄢ߈ߥ↢ᘒ♽ߩዊߐߥ৻ㇱߣߺߥߔᔅⷐ߇↢ߓߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ ᄌൻߒߡ޿ߊ⚻ᷣ␠ળᵴേߩߚ߼‫ޔ‬࿯࿾೑↪ߦ߅ߌࠆㅦߊ‫ߥࠢ࠶ࡒ࠽ࠗ࠳ޔ‬ᄌൻࠍ෻ᤋ
ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇⹺߼ࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩⓨ㑆⊛ᤨ㑆⊛ᨒ⚵ߺߪ߹ߔ߹ߔᜰᮡߩ᭴▽ߦ⛔วߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ㇺᏒ⸘↹ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬Snep ߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠭ࡓࠍ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍᒝൻߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬࿯࿾ࠍᓴⅣ೑↪ߔࠆౕ૕⊛ߥᣇᴺࠍㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᣇᴺߪ‫ޔ‬໡ᬺ࿾ߢߪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍᒝൻߒ‫ޔ‬వ㚟⒳㧔ਇᲫߩ࿾ߦᦨೋߦቯ⌕ߔࠆ㧕ᬀ‛ߩߚ߼ߦᑪ⸳೨ߩ࿯࿾ࠍ೑↪ߒ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬Ყセ⊛㕒߆ߥੱ㑆ߩዞ௛ᤨ㑆ᓟߩ࿯࿾ࠍᄛⴕᕈߩ⒳ߩߚ߼ߦ૶߁ߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 10 - ᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߦኻߔࠆઁߩᄌൻߪ‫ޔ‬ઍᦧ⾗Ḯ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ⛔วߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠅ‫ࠅࠃߦࠇߘޔ‬ⅣႺ‫ޔ‬଻ஜߦ㑐ଥߒߚ஥㕙ࠍᒝൻߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫޿⸒ޕ‬឵߃ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߪ߽ߪ߿
නߥࠆ‫ޟ‬ઍ⻢ࡈࡠ࡯㧔⾗Ḯߩࠗࡦࡊ࠶࠻ߣߏߺߩࠕ࠙࠻ࡊ࠶࠻㧕ߩ೥ᷫ‫ߩࠆࠇߐߥߺߣޠ‬ߢߪߥߊ‫ੱߔ߹ߔ߹ޔ‬㑆ߩዬ૑ᔟㆡᕈ㧔␠ળ⊛ᔟㆡߐߣ଻ஜ㧕ߣੱ㑆ߩᯏળߩഃ಴ߩ໧㗴ߦߥߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࿯࿾೑↪߇߹ߔ߹ߔᄌൻߒ‫ޔ‬ᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩὶὐߪⅣႺ⊛ᜰᮡ߆ࠄᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡ߳ߣᄌࠊ
ߞߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡߪ␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߣ↢ᘒቇ⊛ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⋧㑐㑐ଥߦࠃ
ࠅ․ᓽߠߌࠄࠇࠆ‫ߣࠢ࡯ࡑ࠴ࡦࡌߡߞࠃޕ‬ⅣႺ⁁ᘒߩࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣߦߪ޽߹ࠅὶὐ߇⟎߆ࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᜰᮡߪ߹ߔ߹ߔ᡽ᴦ⊛⼏㗴ߩਛᔃߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ὶὐߪⅣႺ߆ࠄᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈ߳ߣ⒖ࠅ‫ޔ‬⋡ᮡߣ⋡⊛߽ᄌൻߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥᜰᮡߩਥⷐ⋡ᮡߪ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ␠ળ߇ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ␠ળߦะ߆
ߞߡㅴࠎߢ޿ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪࠬ࠮ࡠࡊߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬⢛᥊ߣㇺᏒߦࠃࠅᄌൻߔࠆ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޕ‬ㇺᏒߪ‫ࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬࿕᦭ߩᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߩ᭎ᔨࠍᜬߟ௑ะߦ޽ࠆߣߐࠇ
ࠆߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฦ⁁ᴫߦ߅޿ߡᜰᮡߩᨒ⚵ߺߪၮᧄ⊛ߦ‫ޔ‬ᜰᮡࠍ૞ࠆੱ‫ߦࠄࠇߘޔߣޘ‬ၮߠ޿ߡ᳿ቯࠍߔࠆੱ‫ߦޘ‬ὶὐࠍᒰߡࠆ‫⚿ߩߎޕ‬ᨐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡߩὶὐߪ
‫ޟ‬㐿⊒ᜰᮡ‫ޟࠄ߆ޠ‬᡽╷ᯏ㑐ߩว૬ߣ⛔ว‫ߣ߳ޠ‬⒖ࠅᄌࠊߞߚ‫ޕ‬- 11 -

(2) ⚿⺰ ⷐߔࠆߦ‫ޔ‬ᜰᮡߩὶὐߪ‫ޔ‬୘ੱߩ⚻ᷣ⊛‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ⊛஥㕙߆ࠄ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩᜰᮡߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ߳ߣᄌൻߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ℂ↱ߪ‫ߩߟ৻ޔ‬㧔⚻ᷣ⊛߹ߚߪⅣႺ⊛㧕ⷐ⚛ߩ㗔ၞߦ߅ߌࠆᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߪ‫ޔ‬ߒ߫ߒ߫ઁߩ㗔ၞߦ߅޿ߡᗧ࿑ߒߥ޿ุቯ⊛௑ะߦߟߥ߇ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬૑ቛߩࠃ߁ߥ⚻ᷣᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߪ‫ޔ‬૑ቛࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦ቟ቯߒߚ࿯࿾ࠍଏ⛎ߔࠆߚ߼ߦḨ࿾ࠍၒ߼┙ߡࠆߣ޿ߞߚࠃ߁ߥ‫⋧ޔ‬㑐㑐ଥߩ޽ࠆⅣႺᜰᮡߩᖡൻߦߟߥ߇ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⚻ᷣ⊛஥㕙ߣⅣႺ⊛஥㕙ߩ࠻࡟࡯࠼ࠝࡈߩࡃ࡜ࡦࠬࠍߣࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬૑᳃߳ߩ࿶ജ߿࿖ኅߩ
෻ᔕߣⅣႺ଻⼔ߩⴕേࠍ฽ߺ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ㅪേߪߒ߫ߒ߫࿃ᨐㅪ㎮෻ᔕߦߥࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬Huang ઁߪㇺᏒߩᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߦߪ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߔ 3 ߟߩ࠲ࠗࡊ̆‫ⷐޟ‬࿃‫ޔޠ‬‫ޟ‬ᓇ㗀‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ኻ╷‫ޠ‬̆߇޽ࠆߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᗧ࿑ߒߥ޿ุቯ⊛⚿ᨐࠍㆱߌࠆᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡᒻᚑߩ⹜ߺߣ࿾ၞ
␠ળࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬น⢻ߥઁߩⷐ⚛ࠍ⛔วߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ࿃ᨐㅪ㎮෻ᔕߦኻᔕߔࠆߎ
ߣߪో૕௝ߣߒߡᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߦะ߆ߞߡ೨ㅴߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਅ⴫ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ೋᦼߣᓟᦼߩㇺᏒߩᜰᮡ㐿⊒ࠍᲧセߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬ᜰᮡㅴൻߩㆊ⒟ࠍ
⴫ߔ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᔅߕߒ߽೨ㅴࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ߽ߩߣߪ㒢ࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬City as...
ㇺᏒߣߪ
Geographic scales andtime frames
࿾ℂ⊛ࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒ
Indicator
ᜰᮡ
Focus
ὶὐ
Characters of formation ofindicatorsᜰᮡᒻᚑߩ․ᓽ

⴫ 2-1 ㇺᏒߩᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩᄌㆫ
Classic scheme
Modern schemeฎ޿ࠬࠠ࡯ࡓ
ᣂߒ޿ࠬࠠ࡯ࡓ
(1970 㨪80 ᐕઍ)(1990 ᐕઍ㨪 )Site of economic activities
Conceptualized system⚻ᷣᵴേߩ႐
᭎ᔨൻߐࠇߚࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ
Transposed fromSpecial considerations fornational/regional levelurban settings࿖ኅ෶ߪ࿾ᣇ࡟ࡌ࡞
ㇺᏒⅣႺߩߚ߼ߩ․೎ߥ໧㗴
Economic/Social/Environment
Sustainability⚻ᷣ/␠ળ/ⅣႺᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈDevelopment of indicators
Policy institutions
ᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒
᡽╷ᯏ㑐
Point-to-point Benchmarks
Causal-Chains(Pressure, Driving force,ੑ࿾ὐ㑆ߩࡌࡦ࠴ࡑ࡯ࠢ
State, Impact, Response)࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ㧔⽶⩄࡮ⷐ࿃࡮⁁ᘒ࡮ᓇ㗀࡮ኻ╷㧕

㧔ෳ⠨㧕OECD (1997), Opschoor and Reijnders (1991), and Huang et al. (1998).

- 12 - ㇺᏒ⸘↹ߢߪ‫ޟ‬ਛ㑆ࠬࠤ࡯࡞㧔ㇺᏒ࡟ࡌ࡞ߣ୘ੱ⊛᭴ᗐߩਛ㑆㧕ߢߩಽᨆ߇ၮᧄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޠ‬ߣ޿߁ᜰ៰߇޽ࠆ߇‫੹ޔ‬ᣣ߹ߢ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ోߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪ߦ㑐ߔࠆ᣿⏕ߥวᗧߪߥ޿‫ࠇߘޕ‬᡿‫↢ޔ‬ᘒቇ⊛࡮␠ળ⊛࡟ࡌ࡞ߩⓨ㑆⊛‫ᤨޔ‬㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߩࡒࠬࡑ࠶࠴ߪ↢ᘒቇ⊛⍮⼂ࠍㇺᏒ⸘↹ߦ⛔วߔࠆߚ߼ߩ㔍໧ߢ޽ࠅ⛯ߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆᥳቯ⊛‫ⷙޔ‬೙⊛ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩࠃ߁ߥ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߪ‫߫ߒ߫ߒޔ‬ㇺᏒߩႺ⇇ࠍ⿥߃ߚ↢ᘒ♽ߦࠃࠅਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫৻ߪࠄࠇߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬਎ઍߩ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩน⢻ᕈߪ㕖Ᏹߦᄢ߈޿ߣ޿߁੐ታߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒ⸘↹⠪ߣ᡽╷᳿ቯ⠪ߦࠃࠅ⷗ㆊߏߐࠇࠆ௑
ะߦ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㇺᏒߩᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޟޔ‬㝷ᴺߩࠃ߁ߥ‫߽߆޿ߥߪ࡞࡯ࠤࠬޠ‬ߒࠇߥ޿߇‫ߩ࡞࡯ࠤࠬߚߞ޿߁ߎޔ‬᡽ᴦ⊛⋡ᮡߣߩㅪ៤ߪㇺᏒ⸘↹ߦߣߞߡਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ
ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 13 -

㧞㧙㧠㧚ᣣᧄߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒േะ(1) ᜰᮡ㐿⊒േะᚒ߇࿖ߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬1970 ᐕઍࠃࠅⅣႺⴕ᡽ߩಽ㊁ߢⅣႺߩ⁁ᘒ߿ⅣႺኻ╷ߩ⁁ᴫࠍ᷹ࠆⅣႺᜰᮡ߇↪޿ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫⻉ޕ‬ᄖ࿖ߢߪ࿖࡟ࡌ࡞ߩⅣႺᜰᮡߩ੐଀߇ᄙߊ⷗ࠄࠇ
ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߢߪ࿾ၞ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩᵴ↪߇⋓ࠎߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇․⦡ߢ޽ࠆ㧔ਛญ㧘2003㧕‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺᜰᮡߩᵴ↪⋡⊛ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ㑐ㅪࡑࠬ࠲࡯ࡊ࡜ࡦߩ╷ቯ‫ޔ‬ㆇ↪‫ࠍߒ⋥⷗ޔ‬ਥ⋡⊛ߣߒߚ߽ߩ߇ᄙ޿‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬Ꮢ᳃ߩⅣႺᗧ⼂ะ਄࡮ⅣႺ㈩ᘦⴕേଦㅴߩ߈ߞ߆ߌߣߒ
ߡᜰᮡࠍᵴ↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ੐଀߽޽ࠆ㧔ਛญ㧘2003㧕‫ޕ‬ᜰᮡߩᵴ↪⋡⊛೎ߩઍ⴫⊛ߥᜰᮡ੐଀ߪ
ਅ⴫ߦ␜ߔߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

⴫ 2-2 ᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩᄌㆫᜰᮡߩᵴ↪⋡⊛

ઍ⴫⊛ߥ੐଀
࡮᧲੩ㇺᔟㆡⅣႺᜰᮡ㧭㧚Ꮢ᳃ߩⅣႺᗧ⼂ะ਄࡮ⅣႺ㈩ᘦⴕേଦㅴ ࡮ችၔ⋵᷷ቶലᨐࠟࠬ✚วᜰᮡߩ߈ߞ߆ߌߣߒߡᵴ↪

࡮ᎹፒᏒⅣႺⷰኤᜰᮡ
࡮ችၔ⋵ࠛࠦ࡜ࠗࡈᜰᮡ    ╬㧮㧚Ꮢ᳃ߣⴕ᡽ߩࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊᵴേߩ
ផㅴߦᵴ↪

࡮੩ߩࠕࠫࠚࡦ࠳ᜰᮡ
࡮᧲੩ㇺᔟㆡⅣႺᜰᮡ㧯㧚ⅣႺ㑐ㅪࡑࠬ࠲࡯ࡊ࡜ࡦߩ╷ቯ‫ޔ‬ㆇ↪‫⼾࡮ ޔ‬ਛᏒⅣႺ✚วᜰᮡ⷗⋥ߒᤨߦᵴ↪

࡮ᣣ㊁ᏒⅣႺ✚วᜰᮡ
࡮ฦⅣႺၮᧄ⸘↹ߦ߅ߌࠆᢙ୯⋡ᮡ ╬̪‫ޟ‬ਛญᲞඳ㧚ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾ၞ࡟ࡌ࡞ⅣႺᜰᮡߩᵴ↪ߩ⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴㧚࿖࿯੤ㅢ⋭࿖࿯੤ㅢ᡽╷⎇ⓥᚲᯏ
㑐⹹ PRI Review㧧2003‫ߦߣ߽ࠍޠ‬૞ᚑ- 14 - ᚒ߇࿖ߢߪⅣႺၮᧄ⸘↹ߩߚ߼ߩᜰᮡ૞ᚑ߇ਛᔃߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ਛญ㧔2003㧕ߩᢥ₂ࠍ߽ߣߦߘߩᄌㆫࠍਅ⴫ߦᢛℂߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 2-3 ⅣႺၮᧄ⸘↹ߢߩᵴ↪ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆᜰᮡߩ૞ᚑേะ
ᐕઍ

૞ᚑേะ

1970 ᐕઍᓟඨ

٤․ቯߩⅣႺ࠹࡯ࡑߦ⛉ߞߚⅣႺᜰᮡߩ૞ᚑ߇ਥᵹ‫ޕ‬

㨪80 ᐕઍ೨ඨ

㧔␹ᄹᎹ⋵ߩᄢ᳇ᳪᨴ✚วᜰᮡ‫ޔ‬ᄢ㒋ᐭߩ↢‛ᜰᮡࠍ↪޿ߚ᳓⾰⹏ଔ ╬㧕٤౏ኂ㒐ᱛ࡮⥄ὼⅣႺ଻ో߆ࠄ⁜⟵ߩᔟㆡⅣႺഃㅧ߹ߢࠍ✚ว⊛ߦ⹏ଔߒߚ

1980 ᐕઍᓟඨ

ᔟㆡⅣႺᜰᮡߩ૞ᚑ߇ㅴ߻㧔ർ਻ᎺᏒ‫᧲ޔ‬੩ㇺ╬㧕‫ޕ‬٤࿾ၞⅣႺ⸘↹╬ߦ߅ߌࠆⅣႺߩ✚ว⹏ଔ࠷࡯࡞ߣߒߡᵴ↪ߐࠇࠆ௑ะߦ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬٤ⶄᢙߩⷐ⚛ࠍ㓸⚂ൻߒߚ✚วᜰᮡߣ޿߁․⦡ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬٤࿾⃿ⅣႺ໧㗴ࠍⷞ㊁ߦ౉ࠇ‫⾗ޔ‬Ḯ೑↪ஜోᐲᜰᮡ㧔ችၔ⋵‫┙⿷ޔ‬඙╬㧕߿

1990 ᐕઍ

ࠛࠦ࡜ࠗࡈᜰᮡ㧔ችၔ⋵‫ޔ‬ජ⪲Ꮢ╬㧕ߥߤߩ૞ᚑ߇ㅴ߻㧔ߚߛߒ‫ޔ‬୘೎ᜰᮡ⟲ࠍ✚ⷩ⊛ߦ⷗ߖߚ࠲ࠗࡊߩ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧕٤࿖߇ⅣႺၮᧄ⸘↹ߩߚ߼ߩ✚ว⊛ⅣႺᜰᮡ⹜᩺ࠍ౏⴫ߒߚߎߣ߇߈ߞ߆ߌ

1997 ᐕ

ߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᜰᮡࠍዉ౉ߔࠆ⥄ᴦ૕߇ᕆჇߒߚ‫ޕ‬٤✚ว⋡ᮡߩዉ౉੐଀ߪᷫዋߒ‫ޔ‬ᢙචߩ୘೎ᜰᮡࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆ੐଀߇Ⴧടߒߚ‫ޕ‬̪‫ޟ‬ਛญᲞඳ㧔2003㧕‫ޟ‬ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾ၞ࡟ࡌ࡞ⅣႺᜰᮡߩᵴ↪ߩ⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴‫ޠ‬࿖࿯੤ㅢ⋭࿖࿯੤ㅢ᡽╷⎇ⓥᚲᯏ㑐⹹ PRI Review‫ߦߣ߽ࠍޠ‬૞ᚑ⴫ ✚วᜰᮡಽ㘃೎ߩⅣႺᜰᮡ㧔಴ౖ㧕‫ޟ‬ਛญᲞඳ㧔2003㧕‫ޟ‬ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆ࿾ၞ࡟ࡌ࡞ⅣႺᜰᮡߩᵴ↪ߩ⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴‫ޠ‬࿖࿯੤ㅢ⋭࿖࿯੤ㅢ᡽╷⎇ⓥᚲᯏ㑐⹹ PRI Review‫ޠ‬- 15 -

(2) ⚿⺰ ᚒ߇࿖ߢߎࠇ߹ߢ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚⅣႺᜰᮡߩᄢᄙᢙߪ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ㑐ㅪࡑࠬ࠲࡯ࡊ࡜ࡦ╬ߢߩᵴ↪
ࠍਥ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‫⥄ޔ‬ᴦ૕න૏ߢ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ߽ߩߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᜰᮡߩౕ૕⊛ߥ㗄⋡ߪㇺᏒߏߣߦᄙ᭽ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᄢ᳇࡮᳓⾰ᡷༀ߿ᑄ᫈‛ኻ╷‫ޔ‬੤ㅢ࡮‛ᵹኻ╷‫ޔ‬᥊ⷰะ਄‫ޔ‬࿾⃿᷷ᥦൻኻ╷ߥߤฦ⒳ⅣႺᣉ╷ࠍࡃ࡜ࡦࠬࠃߊ✂⟜ߒߚᜰᮡ߇ᄙߊ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ╷ቯߐࠇߚ߽ߩߪዋߥ޿‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᜰᮡߩ૞ᚑߪၮᧄ⊛ߦⴕ᡽ਥዉߢ૞ᚑߐࠇߚ߽ߩ߇ᄙߊ‫ޔ‬Ꮢ᳃ߣߩද௛ߢᜰᮡࠍ
૞ᚑߒߚ੐଀߿Ꮢ᳃࿅૕ߩߺߢᜰᮡࠍ૞ᚑߒߚ੐଀╬߽߶ߣࠎߤߥ޿ߩ߇⃻⁁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 16 -

㧟㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦߟ޿ߡߩᬌ⸛ ᡽ᴦ⊛⋡ᮡߣࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߩ໧㗴ߩㅪ៤ߣ޿߁㔍㗴ߦኻᔕߒߡ‫ޔ‬PSR㧔Pressure㧙State㧙
Response㧕ࡕ࠺࡞ߪᜰᮡߩ⑼ቇ⊛᡽ᴦ⊛஥㕙ߩ⛔วࠍ⋡ᮡߣߒߚᦨೋߩࡕ࠺࡞ߩ৻ߟߢ޽
ࠆ‫ޕ‬PSR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩේဳߪ UNEP ߣࠞ࠽࠳᡽ᐭ⛔⸘ዪߣߩද௛ߢ OECD ߦࠃࠅ╷ቯߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⊒ߩߎޕ‬ዷᒻߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬DPSIR㧔Driving force㧙Pressure㧙State㧙Impact㧙
Response㧕ࡕ࠺࡞߇↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫↢ޔ‬ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒᜰᮡߩ⼏⺰ߢᦨ߽ࠃߊㆡ↪ߐࠇࠆᡷ⦟ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ৻ߟߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬- 17 -

㧟㧙㧝㧚DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ⢛᥊ߣఝ૏ᕈ ၮᧄ⊛ߦ PSR ࡕ࠺࡞ߪ⦡‫ࠍ⚛ⷐߥޘ‬࿃ᨐㅪ㎮෻ᔕߩᨒ⚵ߺߦ౉ࠇࠆ‫ߩ⚛ⷐޕ‬ᵹࠇߪ‫ޔ‬᣿⏕ߢ᭴▽⊛ߥᒻߢᜰᮡ㑆ߩ㑐ଥࠍឭ␜ߔࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޔߪߢ࡞࠺ࡕᧄޕ‬࿯࿾೑↪߇ᄌൻߒ‫ޔ‬‫ࡊޟ‬࡟࠶ࠪࡖ࡯㧔⽶⩄㧕ߣ‫࠻࡯࠹ࠬޟ‬㧔⁁ᘒ㧕‫ࠆ޽ߪޠ‬⒳ߦࠃࠅ෻ᤋߐࠇ‫ޔ‬‫ࠬࡦࡐࠬ࡟ޟ‬㧔ኻ╷㧕‫ޠ‬ߪ଻⼔࿾ၞࠍჇ߿ߔ╬ߩ᡽╷ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬1990 ᐕઍߦ OECD ߦࠃࠅ PSR ࡕ࠺࡞߇⚫੺ߐࠇߡ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬᰷ᎺⅣႺᐡ㧔EEA㧕‫☨ޔ‬ⅣႺ଻⼔ᐡ㧔EPA㧕‫ޔ‬࿖ㅪⅣႺࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ㧔UNEP㧕‫ޔ‬਎⇇⾗
Ḯ⎇ⓥᚲ㧔WRI㧕‫ޔ‬CBD ╬ߩ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᯏ㑐ߢⅣႺᜰᮡߩ೑↪߇ᕆㅦߦㅴࠎߛ‫ޕ‬ ᤨ㑆ߩ⚻ㆊߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬‫ⴕޟ‬േ⊛ⷐ⚛‫ࠍޠ‬⠨ᘦߒߥ޿ੱ㑆ߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆ⽶⩄ߣኻ╷ߦὶὐ߇⒖ߞߚߚ߼‫ޔ‬PSR ߩᨒ⚵ߺߩේဳߦᄙዋߩᄌᒻ߇ߥߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᨒ⚵ߺߪ DSR ߣ DPSIR ߩฦࡕ࠺࡞ߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޟ‬ផㅴജ‫⛔ࠍޠ‬วߒߚ‫ޕ‬ EEA ߦࠃࠆ DPSIR㧔ⷐ࿃‫⁁ޔ⩄⽶ޔ‬ᘒ‫ޔ‬ᓇ㗀‫ޔ‬ኻ╷㧕ߩቯ⟵ߪ‫ޔ‬᰷ᎺⅣႺᐡߦࠃࠅណᛯ
ߐࠇߚ␠ળߣⅣႺߩ㑆ߩ⋧੕૞↪ࠍ⴫ߔ࿃ᨐ⊛ᨒ⚵ߺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
 DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞㧔ᡷ⸓߽฽߻㧕ߪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ฽߻ⅣႺ໧㗴ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⑼ቇ⊛‫ޔ‬᡽ᴦ⊛⺰⼏ߦ߅޿ߡᓇ㗀ജࠍᜬߜ⛯ߌߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬㊀ⷐߥὐߪ‫߇࡞࠺ࡕߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦ߅޿ߡ 2ߟߩ⋥ធ⊛ߥ⽸₂ࠍߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ὐ⋡߇‫ߩߘޔ‬᭴ㅧ߇᡽ᴦ⊛⋡⊛ߦ⸒෸ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ
޽ࠆߎߣ‫ޔ‬ੑὐ⋡߇‫ޔ‬㑐ㅪߒߚ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫⚿ޕ‬ᨐߣߒߡ‫◲ࠅࠃޔ‬නߢ◲ẖߥࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍน⢻ߦߒ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ໧㗴ࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߔੱ⊛ⷐ⚛ࠍขࠅᛒ߁ߎߣߩ
ߢ߈ࠆౕ૕⊛ߥ᡽╷߹ߚߪ▤ℂ⊛ⴕേࠍ␜ໂߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⋥ធ⊛‫ޔ‬㑆ធ⊛ߥᄌൻߩផㅴജࠍ೑↪ߔࠆࡒ࡟࠾ࠕࡓ↢ᘒ♽⹏ଔ㧔MEA㧕ߩᨒ⚵ߺߪ‫ޔ‬
DPSIR ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢ޽ࠆߣ⸃㉼ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬MEA ߩᨒ⚵ߺߪ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ㅪߒߚᚢ⇛ߩ㐿⊒ߦ․ߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬MEA ߩᨒ⚵ߺߩᄙߊߩ⽸₂ߩਛߢ․ߦᒝ⺞ߔߴ߈ὐߪ‫ޔ‬╙৻ߦ MEA ߪੱ⊛‫↢ޔ‬ᘒ♽⊛ⷐ࿃ࠍ᣿⏕ൻߔࠆߎߣ‫╙ޔ‬ੑߦ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ㑆ߩ㑐ଥߪ᣿␜ߐࠇ‫◲ޔ‬ẖߦⷐ⚂ߐࠇࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ᦨޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬㊀ⷐೀⴕ‛ߢ޽ࠆࠣࡠ
࡯ࡃ࡞࡮ࡃࠗࠝ࠳ࠗࡃ࡯ࠪ࠹ࠖ࡮ࠕ࠙࠻࡞࠶ࠢ 2㧔GBO2㧕ߪ‫৻ޔ‬ㇱ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬߣ㧹㧱㧭߆ࠄߩ⸛⼏ߦၮߠ޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬GBO2 ߪ 53 ߩၮᧄ⊛ᩮ᜚㧔߹ߚߪᄌൻߩⷐ࿃㧕ߣ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩᕲᕺߦ⸒෸ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߢ࠻࡯ࡐ࡟ߩ࠼ࡦ࡜ࡦࠖࡈޕ‬130 ߩᜰᮡ㧔޿ߊߟ߆ߪ૞ᚑਛ㧕ߪ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆ DPSIR ಽ㘃ൻߦၮߠ޿ߡ 5 ߟߩ࠲ࠗࡊߦಽߌ
ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
 ࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬MEA ߩᨒ⚵ߺߪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦ߅޿ߡ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߦ⛔วߔࠆ‫ޔ‬㘃ૃߒߚᚢ⇛ࠍ⛮⛯ߒߡ޿ߊઁߩ㑐ㅪߒߚೀⴕ‛ߩ಴ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚ‫ޕ‬- 18 -

ߦ⴫ 3-1 DPSIR ߩࡔ࡝࠶࠻࡮࠺ࡔ࡝࠶࠻
٤ᓥ᧪ߪ‫⑼ޟ‬ቇ‫ߩޠ‬ಽ㊁ߢߩᵴ↪ߦ⇐߹ߞߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬DPSIR ࠍ↪޿ࠆߎߣࡔ࡝࠶࠻ߦࠃࠅ‫ౕޟ‬૕⊛ߥ᡽╷ߩࠕ࡚ࠢࠪࡦ‫߇ߣߎࠆߌߟ߮⚿ߦޠ‬น⢻ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬٤↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߣ DPSIR ߣߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥࠆߚ߼‫ޕ޿ߔ߿ࠅ߆ࠊޔ‬࠺ࡔ࡝࠶࠻٤᡽╷╬ࠍⴕ߁⚵❱߇‫߇ࠄ⥄ޔ‬ᛒ޿߿ߔ޿࠺࡯࠲ࠍ૶ߞߡᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߒߡߒ߹߁႐ว߇ᄙ޿ߚ߼‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⹏ଔߣ޿߁ὐߦ߅޿ߡ࡝ࠬࠢ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

⴫ 3-2 DPSIR ࡈ࡟࡯ࡓࡢ࡯ࠢߩᜰᮡ඙ಽ
ⷐ࿃
㧔D㧕

⽶⩄
㧔P㧕

ੱญ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ‫␠ޔ‬ળߩ⊒ዷ‫ޔ‬෸߮ߘࠇߦ઻߁࡜ࠗࡈࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞‫ޔ‬ᶖ⾌ߩ࡟ࡌ࡞‫ޔ‬↢↥ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߩᄌൻߩߎߣ‫ޕ‬ਥߥⷐ࿃ߪੱญჇടߣߘࠇߦઃ㓐ߔࠆ㔛ⷐ߿ੱ㑆ᵴേߩ᜛ᄢߢ޽ࠆ‫ⷐߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬࿃ߪ↢↥ߣᶖ⾌ߩో࡟ࡌ࡞ߦᄌൻࠍ߈ߚߔ‫ޕ‬ੱ㑆ᵴേߦࠃࠆⅣႺ߳ߩ⽶⩄ߩߎߣ‫ޕ‬ൻቇ‛⾰߿ᑄ᫈‛ߩ᡼಴‫⾗ޔ‬Ḯ࡮࿯࿾ߩ೑↪ߥߤߦࠃࠆ⽶⩄ߥߤ‫ੱޕ‬㑆␠ળߦࠃߞߡ߆ߌࠄࠇߚ⽶⩄ߪ‫ޔ‬᭽‫⥄ߥޘ‬ὼࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦ߅޿ߡᒻࠍᄌ߃‫ޔ‬ⅣႺߩᄌൻߣ޿߁ᒻߢ⃻ࠇߡߊࠆ‫ޕ‬⁁ᘒ࿯ფ‫ޔ‬ⓨ᳇‫ޔ‬᳓ߥߤߣ޿ߞߚ㕖↢‛⊛ߥ⁁ᴫ߿↢ᘒ♽‫↢ޔ‬ᕷၞ‫ޔ‬⒳‫ޔ‬୘૕⟲‫ޔ‬

㧔S㧕

ㆮવሶߣ޿ߞߚ᭽‫⁁ߥ⊛‛↢ࠆߌ߅ߦ࡞ࡌ࡟ߥޘ‬ᴫ㧔↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ㧕ߩߎߣ‫ޕ‬ᓇ㗀ⅣႺߩᖡൻߦࠃߞߡ↢ߓߚ‫ੱޔ‬㑆࡮↢ᘒ♽ߩஜోᕈ߳ߩᖡᓇ㗀߿‫⾗ޔ‬Ḯ೑↪‫ޔ‬

㧔I㧕

↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ⥄૕ߦኻߔࠆᖡᓇ㗀‫ޕ‬ⷐ࿃࡮⽶⩄࡮⁁ᘒ࡮ᓇ㗀ߦኻಣߔࠆភ⟎㧔ኻ╷㧕ߩߎߣ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ኻ╷ߪ㧔↢ᕷၞౝ‫ޔ‬ၞᄖߩ㧕↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ోភ⟎ࠍ฽߻‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ㆮવሶ⾗Ḯߩ೑↪߆ኻ╷ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆ⚻ᷣ⊛޽ࠆ޿ߪ㕖⚻ᷣ⊛ߥ೑⋉ߩⴧᐔߥ㈩ಽࠍଦㅴߔࠆភ⟎߽㧔R㧕฽߻‫⋡ߦࠄߐޕ‬ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߩߦᔅⷐߥ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߩℂ⸃߿‫ޔ࠲࡯࠺ޔ‬⍮⼂‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ‫ޔ᧚ੱޔࠣࡦ࡝࠲࠾ࡕޔ࡞࠺ࡕޔ‬೙ᐲ‫ޔ‬ᴺᓞ‫ߩ߼ߚߩ▚੍ޔ‬Ბ㓏⊛ភ⟎߽฽߻‫ޕ‬

㧔ෳ⠨㧕ⅣႺ⋭ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ㧔2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 27 ᣣ⃻࿷㧕‫ޟ‬ᐔᚑ 20 ᐕᐲ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ✚ว⹏ଔᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ㧔╙㧝࿁㧕‫ޠ‬㈩Ꮣ⾗ᢱ 2
http://www.biodic.go.jp/biodiversity/jbo/20-1/- 19 -

㧟㧙㧞㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ㐿⊒߳ߩ DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߦኻߔࠆ⺰⹏
 DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߩᐢ▸࿐ߥㆡ↪ߪ‫ࠆߥ⇣ޔߊߥ޿⇼ޔ‬ᜰᮡߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥࠍᒝ⺞ߒߚ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬․ߦ࿾⃿ⷙᮨߦ߅޿ߡ‫ੱޔ‬㑆ᵴേߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ៊ᄬߩ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߩㅪ⚿ߦ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᨐ
ߚߒߡ߈ߚ‫ߪߦ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬㒢⇇߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᛕ್ߩኻ⽎ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬(1) DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߦኻߔࠆᛕ್Ԙ ╙৻ߩᛕ್ߪ‫ࠅࠃߦ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޔ‬૞ࠄࠇߚන⚐ߥ࿃ᨐ㑐ଥߪ⃻ታߩⶄ㔀ߐࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ޿
ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Maxim ઁߪ‫ޟ‬྾㕙૕ DPSIR‫ࠍޠ‬ឭ᩺ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠍ࡞࠺ࡕߪࠇߎޕ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߩ྾㕙૕㧔O’Connor ߦࠃࠆ⠨߃㧕ߦ⚿߮ߟߌ‫ޔ‬DPSIR ߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦଔ
୯ࠍ‶†ߦߔࠆߎߣߥߊ‫ޟ‬ಽᨆജ‫⊒ࠍޠ‬ዷߐߖࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߩ྾㕙૕ߪ‫ⷙޟ‬೙‫⚻ޟޠ‬ᷣ⚵❱‫⥄ޟޠ‬ὼ⚵❱‫␠ޟޠ‬ળ⚵❱‫ ߩޠ‬4 ߟߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߆ࠄߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩᨒ⚵ߺߪ␠ળ‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ‫ޔ‬᡽ᴦߩ 4 㕙ࠍᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈಽᨆߩߚ߼ߩ 44 ߩࡑ࠻࡝࠶
ࠢࠬߦ࡝ࠬ࠻ൻߒ‫ޔ‬หᤨߦ㍲⛱ߒߡ↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ໧㗴ࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆ‫ⶄࠆߥࠄߐߩߎޕ‬㔀ൻߦࠃࠅ‫ߪ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޔ‬࿃ᨐㅪ㎮ࠍᏅ೎ൻߒ‫ⷐࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬࿃ߩ㑆ߩ⋧੕૞↪ࠍ෻ᤋߔࠆ‫ޕ‬(2) DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߦኻߔࠆᛕ್ԙ ╙ੑߩᛕ್ߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᨒ⚵ߺ߇ࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣߣᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉߩ▤ℂߩߚ߼ߩታ↪⊛ߥᜰ㊎ࠍ߶ߣࠎߤਈ߃ߡ޿ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ฦ࿃ᨐㅪ㎮ߩߪߓ߼ߣ⚳ࠊࠅߦᜰ㊎ࠍណ↪ߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬࿃ᨐㅪ㎮ߩ޿߆ߥࠆ⋧੕㑐ଥ߿ẜ࿷⊛ߥࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ␜ߐߥ޿‫ޕ‬
 Niemeijer ߣ Groot ߪ‫ޔ‬eDPSIR ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔ‬ᒝൻߐࠇߚ DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬ᜰᮡߩㆬᛯߦ᭎ᔨ⊛ᜰ㊎ࠍਈ߃ࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ㅪ㎮ࠃࠅ‫ࠈߒ߻ޔ‬ലᨐߩࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢࠍ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ
ㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫⽋ޕ‬⡺↢↥ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ଀ߣߒߡ᜼ߍࠆߣ‫↥↢ޔ‬⠪ߪ‫▤ޟ‬ℂࡐࠗࡦ࠻‫ߦࠇߘߣޠ‬ઃ㓐ߔࠆᓎ┙ߟᜰᮡߩ᣿⏕ൻߩ㊀ⷐᕈࠍᒝ⺞ߔࠆ‫▤ޕ‬ℂࡐࠗࡦ࠻ߪࡕ࠾࠲࡝ࡦࠣߩࡔࠞ࠾
࠭ࡓ߇ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉߩታ↪⊛ߥᜰ㊎ߩᒝൻࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬- 20 -

(3) DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߦኻߔࠆᛕ್Ԛ ╙ਃߩᛕ್ߪ‫ޔ‬DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆᜰᮡߩਇဋⴧߥ㈩ಽߪⶄ㔀ߐߩ៊ᄬࠍ߽ߚࠄߔߣ
޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬CBD ߦ߅޿ߡㆬᛯၮḰߣᜰᮡߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߪ⑼ቇ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬࠍ૶ߞߡ㐿⊒ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬᭎⇛߇૞ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ឭ⸒ߪ⋡ᮡߣߔࠆᡰᜬ⠪‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⊛ା㗬ᕈ‫ᤨޔ‬㑆෶ߪⓨ㑆ߩᄌൻߦኻߔࠆ෻ᔕ‫ޔ‬න⚐ߐߣࠊ߆ࠅ߿ߔߐ‫⃻ޔ‬ታ⊛ߥࠬࠤࠫࡘ࡯࡞ߣ⾗Ḯߩ㒢⇇‫␠ޔ‬ળ⚻ᷣ⊛⊒ዷߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪ߦኻߔࠆᅢ߹ߒߐߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ߽ߩࠍ฽߻‫ޕ‬ታ㓙ߦߪ‫ޔ‬CBD ߢ㐿⊒ߐࠇߚᜰᮡߪ PSR ޽ࠆ޿ߪ DPSIR ߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ߦဋ╬㈩ಽߐࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬วᗧߐࠇߚᜰᮡߪ
‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩߚ߼ߩᜰᮡ✚⸘ࠍ฽߹ߥ޿߽ߩߢ‫ࠈߒ߻ޔ‬⒳ߦၮߠ޿ߚ⁁ᘒߢ⽶⩄ߣኻ╷ᜰᮡࠍട߃ߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫↢ޔࠄߥߗߥޕޠ‬ᘒ♽ߩਇ᣿⍎ߥႺ⇇✢ߣ‫ߩࡓ࠹ࠬࠪߣ࡞࡯ࠤࠬޔ‬ᗧ࿑⊛ߥㆬᛯࠍ㒖ኂߔࠆ↢ᘒ♽ߣ⋧෻ߔࠆ⋡⊛㧔଻⼔‫ޔ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪ߣ೑⋉ߩ౒᦭╬㧕ߩߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬᳓‫ޔ‬᫪ᨋ‫ޔ࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬ㇺᏒ㐿⊒ࠍ฽߻㑐ㅪߔࠆ 12 ㇱ㐷ߢ DPSIR ߩࠞ࠹ࠧ࡝࡯ࠍ૶޿‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ⹦⚦ߥᬌ⸛߇ EEA ߦࠃࠅⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬૑ቛ㐿⊒‫ޔ‬࠳ࡓ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒੱญߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᜰᮡࠍ฽߻ㇺᏒ㐿⊒ߩ 4 ߟߩᜰᮡ߇‫ߦޠ⩄⽶ޟ‬ಽ㘃ߐࠇߚ‫ߚޕ‬ߛߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ㇱ㐷ߢߤߩࠃ߁ߥ෻ᔕ⊛ᓎഀ߇ᨐߚߐࠇࠆ߆ߪਇ᣿⏕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬(4) DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߦኻߔࠆᛕ್ԛ ╙྾ߩᛕ್ߪ‫ᤨߣ࡞࡯ࠤࠬޔ‬㑆ߩᨒ⚵ߺߦ㑐ଥߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬㧞-㧞㧚↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣᜰᮡ‫ߢޠ‬ㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߪ‫ߦࠇߘޔ‬วߞߚᤨ㑆ߣࠬࠤ࡯࡞ࠍㆬࠎߢㆡ↪ߔࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߢߎߎޕ‬ᛕ್ߪ‫ߩ࡞࠺ࡕߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ᜰᮡߪߒ߫ߒ߫ήᛕ್ߦ‫ޔ‬วࠊߥ޿ࠬ
ࠤ࡯࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒߦㆡ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪ࡞࠺ࡕߩߎޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬᳇୥ᄌേ‫ޔ‬࿾⃿↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ༚ᄬ‫㉄ޔ‬ᕈൻ╬‫ޔ‬࿾⃿ⷙᮨߢㆡ↪ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬Sierra ઁߪ‫ޔ‬୘ੱ↪࿾ߣ࿖ኅࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߩ✚⸘ߪ‫ߦ․ޔ‬࿖ኅ଻ోࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬਎⇇⊛↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ోߦ
ߟߥ߇ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍ⴫ߔߩߦ‫޿ߥ߃⷗ޟ‬ᚻ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕߚ޿↪ࠍ⪲⸒߁޿ߣޠ‬‫ޠߢߎߤޟ‬ේ࿃ࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔࠆ߆㧔ᤨ㑆⊛‫ޔ‬ⓨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡯࡞㧕ߦࠃߞߡ‫ⷐޟޔ‬࿃‫࠮ࡦࠦߩ╬ޠ‬ࡊ࠻ߦઃ㓐ߔࠆᗧ๧ߪᄌࠊࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬Kim ߣ Byrne ߪ‫⃻ޟ‬࿷ߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᚢ⇛ߪ਎⇇⊛ⷙᮨߢ࡝ࠨ࡯࠴ߣ᡽╷ߦㆊᐲߦὶὐࠍᒰߡߡ޿ࠆ‫ߣޠ‬ᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 21 -

(5) ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ㐿⊒߳ߩ DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߦኻߒߡ ਥߥᛕ್ߪ‫ޔ‬DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߪ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߣ޿߁⠨߃ࠍචಽᝒ߃ߡ޿ߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣ
ߢ޽ࠆ‫‛↢ޕ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߣߘߩᜰᮡߩ㑆ߩ㑐ଥߦ໧㗴߇ߥ޿ࠊߌߢߪߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍᔨ㗡ߦ⟎ߊߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫↢ޕ‬ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ⛔วߪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠃࠅⶄ㔀ߢߐ߃޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Spangenberg ߇ㅀߴߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫‛↢ߩ࡞ࡌ࡟ࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ࡝ࠨ࡯࠴ࠍ᡽╷ታⴕߦ⚿߮ߟߌࠆߎߣߦߪߨߓࠇ߇޽ࠆ‫ޔࠄߥߗߥޕ‬᡽╷ࠍᱜᒰൻߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬ㅢᏱ᳓⾰ᵺൻߩ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ╬‫ߩࠄࠇߘޔ‬᡽╷ߪ↢ᘒ♽࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ⿠࿃ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬᳿ቯ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߣ޿߁ߩ߽‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ᱧผ‫ޔ‬࿾ℂ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ⊛᳇୥ߪੑᰴ⊛ⷐ⚛ߢ޽ࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣߣ߽ߦਇนᰳߢ޽
ࠆ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢࠄ߆ޠ‬ㇺᏒߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ଚ౉↢‛⒳㧔ᓸ↢‛ࠍ฽߻㧕ߣઁߩ↢ᘒ♽ߦኻߔࠆ੍᷹
ਇน⢻ߥᓇ㗀ߪੱ㑆ߩஜᐽߣ૑ቛଏ⛎╬ߩઃ㓐ߔࠆᵴേߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Lyytimaki ઁߪ‫޿ޟޔ‬ߊߟ߆ߩⷐ࿃߆ࠄ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆㇺᏒߩ࡜ࠗࡈࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߦኻߔࠆࡑࠗ࠽ࠬߩᓇ㗀߇޽ࠆ‫⟤ޔߜࠊߥߔޕ‬㧔൬޿㧕‫ޔ‬቟ో㧔ᄛ㑆ߩᥧߐ㧕‫ޔ‬቟ో㧔ࠕ࡟࡞ࠡ࡯‫ޔ‬ਛᲥ㧕‫⚻ޔ‬ᷣ㧔ᅢ߹ߒߊߥ޿⒳ࠍឃ㒰ߔࠆ⾌↪㧕‫ޔ‬นേᕈ㧔ᧁ߇ୟࠇߚࠅⷞ⇇߇ߐ߃߉ࠄࠇࠆ㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߣޠ‬ᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠇߘޕ‬᡿‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ⹦⚦ߐߣ⺞ᢛߢ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍㇺᏒߦㆡᔕߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ᔅ
ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 22 -

㧠㧚✚᜝㨪↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣㇺᏒᜰᮡߩ⛔ว㨪(1) ৻ㅪߩ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩ✚᜝
 DPSIR ࡕ࠺࡞ߦኻߔࠆᛕ್ߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߣㇺᏒ⸘↹ߩ⸛⺰ߢߪߘߩᡷ⸓
߇ఝ൓ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ㇺᏒߣ࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆߎߩࠃ߁ߥࡕ࠺࡞ߩ૶↪ߪ⃻ታ⊛ߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ታ㓙ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ឭ␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬྾㕙૕ DPSIR‫ޟߪߚ߹ޠ‬eDPSIR‫ⶄࠅߥ߆ߪޠ‬㔀ߢ‫ߦ․ޔ‬ㇺᏒ߿࿾ᣇ⥄ᴦ૕ߩᯏ㑐ߩ႐วߦㆡᔕߔࠆߩߪⶄ㔀ߢ޽ࠆ‫৻ߪࠇߎޕ‬ㇱ‫ޔ‬EU‫ޔ‬ฦਛᄩ᡽ᐭߦࠃࠆ೑↪ࠍᗐቯߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ Keirstead ߣ Leach ߪ࿾ᣇ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆࠃࠅታ↪⊛ߥࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴㧔‫࡮ࠪ࠶࠾࡮ࠬࡆ࡯ࠨޟ‬ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴‫ޠ‬㧕ࠍឭ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ৻╙ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪ߩࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇ᜰᮡࠍ૞ࠆߴ߈ߢ
޽ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᜰᮡߪၮᧄ⊛ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ㧔଀㧧᳓‫ޔ‬ᑄ᫈‛▤ℂ‫࡯ࠡ࡞ࡀࠛޔ‬㧕ߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ
޽ࠆ‫ޔࠅࠃߦࠇߎޕ‬ੑ㉄ൻ὇⚛ឃ಴ߩ 20㧑೥ᷫ╬ߩౕ૕⊛⋡ᮡߩ⸳ቯ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ Keirstead ߣ Leach ߩࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍ೑↪ߒ‫↢ޔ‬ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߦ⛔
วߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬CBD ߢ⑼ቇ㧙᡽╷ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡈࠚࠗࠬߪߘߩലᨐ⊛ߥታᣉߩߚ߼ߩਥ
ⷐ㗔ၞߩ৻ߟߣ᣿⏕ൻߐࠇ‫ޔ‬GBO ߩೀⴕ‛ߦ෻ᤋߐࠇߚ‫⑼ޕ‬ቇ㧙᡽╷ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࡈࠚࠗࠬߪ
‫ޟ‬᡽╷ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߦ߅޿ߡ⑼ቇߣઁߩⴕὑ⠪ߣߩ㑆ߩ㑐ଥࠍ൮᜝ߔࠆ␠ળ⊛ࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߢ‫ޔ‬᡽╷᳿ቯࠍలታߐߖࠆߣ޿߁⋡⊛ࠍᜬߞߡ‫⋧ޔ‬੕੤឵‫⋧ޔ‬੕ㅴൻ‫ޔ‬⍮⼂ߩ౒หᑪ⸳ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆ߽ߩ‫ߣޠ‬ቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬GBO ߩᦨᣂ⸛߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ᣂ

ߪ 2010 ᐕߦ಴ߐࠇࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠅ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷౏⊛ᬌߢߪ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩ↢ᘒ♽࠲ࠗࡊߦࠃࠅὶὐࠍᒰߡߚࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴߇⚫

੺ߐࠇࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠍ࡞࡯ࠤࠬߪ࠴࡯ࡠࡊࠕߩߎޕ‬਎⇇⊛ⷞ㊁߆ࠄ࿾ၞ⊛෸߮࿾ᣇ࡟ࡌ࡞
ߦ⁜߼ߡ޿ࠆߩߢ‫৻ޔ‬ㇱⓨ㑆⊛ࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒߩᛕ್ߦኻᔕߔࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ╷ቯߪ⑼ቇ⠪ߣ᡽╷᳿ቯ⠪ߩ㑆ߢㇺᏒߦᜰᮡࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣࠍᅑബߒ‫ޔ‬ⓨ㑆⊛ⷙᮨߣᤨ㑆ᨒߩ໧㗴ߦขࠅ⚵߻⹜ߺࠍߔࠆ‫⑼ޕ‬ቇߣ᡽╷ࠍ࿾ᣇ࡟ࡌ࡞
߆ࠄ਎⇇ⷙᮨߢㅪ⚿ߔࠆߎߣߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬Kim ߣ Byrne ߇ㅀߴߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬නߥࠆ✚⸘ࠍ⿥߃ߡᄙ㕙⊛ⷐ⚛߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬㧢ߟߩⷐ⚛ࠍ㧔㧝㧕↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ޔ‬㧔㧞㧕࿾⃿‛ℂቇ⊛࠹ࡦࡊ࡟࡯࠻‫ޔ‬㧔㧟㧕࿯࿾೑↪ߣ࿯࿾ⵍⷒ‫ޔ‬㧔㧠㧕ੱญ⛔⸘ቇߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬㧔㧡㧕ଔ୯ⷰߣ୶ℂⷰ‫ޔ‬㧔㧢㧕᡽╷ߣ┙ᴺ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬㧞ߟߩ␠ળ⊛ⷐ⚛ࠍ᜼ߍߚ‫ޕ‬ ␠ળ⊛ⷐ⚛ߪ CBD ߩㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ߦਇนᰳߥㇱಽߢ޽ࠆ߇‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛‫୶ޔ‬ℂ⊛஥㕙ߩ⛔วߦኻߔࠆ⢛᥊ߣᛕ್ࠍ⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߎߣߦ⇐ᗧߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 23 - ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߪ޿ߊߟ߆ߩℂ↱ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦ୶ℂ⊛໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬਎⇇࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ↢ᘒ♽ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⚻ᷣ⊛⹏ଔߢᒝ⺞ߐࠇߚࠃ߁ߦ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ៊ᄬߪߥߗߘࠇ߇ਇ
౏ᐔߦ‫৻ࠅࠃߦޘੱ޿ߒ⽺ޔ‬ጀᓇ㗀ߔࠆ߆ߣ޿߁୶ℂ⊛⾰໧ߦ㑐ㅪߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Keirstead ߣ
Leach ߪ Haughton ߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ㐿⊒ߩߚ߼ߩᐔ╬ߩේೣࠍ㧠ߟߩ᭴ᚑⷐ⚛ࠍ૞ࠆᜰᮡࡕ
࠺࡞ߣ⛔วߒߚ㧔਎ઍ㑆‫ޔ‬਎ઍౝ‫ޔ‬࿾ℂ⊛‫ߡߒߘޔ⊛ࠬ࠮ࡠࡊޔ‬⒳ౝߩᐔ╬㧕‫‛↢ޕ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ
ߪ⒳㑆ߩᐔ╬ߦ߅޿ߡਛᔃ⊛ⷐ⚛ߢ޽ࠅ‫↢ޔ‬ᕷ࿾ߩᮭ೑╬‫ߩઁޔ‬⒳ߩౝ࿷⊛ߥᮭ೑ࠍ⹺⼂ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ㇺᏒㇱߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ૑᳃߿࿖᳃ߩ␠ળ⊛ଔ୯ⷰߩ൮᜝ߪ‫࠻ࠢࠚࠫࡠࡊޔ‬㐿⊒ߦ߅޿ߡ߹ߔ
߹ߔᔅⷐߥࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߣߺߥߐࠇߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㑐ㅪߔࠆࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߣᤨ㑆ᨒࠍ᣿⏕ߦߒ‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇߣ਎⇇ࠍㅪ⚿ߒ‫ޔ‬ઃ㓐ߔࠆᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡߣᄌൻߩⷐ࿃ࠍㅪ៤ߐߖࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬᡽╷᳿ቯ⠪‫ޔ‬⑼ቇ⠪‫ޔ‬࿾ᣇߩ࡙࡯ࠩ࡯ࠍ฽߻ోߡߩ೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪ߩ㑆ߩද௛ߩ૛࿾ߪ߹ߛ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣ
ߦ⇐ᗧߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿖᳃ෳടߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬⒖᳃㧔ߒ߫ߒ߫ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩਥⷐ࡙࡯ࠩ
࡯ߢ޽ࠆ㧕ߦ㑐ߔࠆᦨㄭߩ⎇ⓥߣ⥄ὼߦ㑐ߔࠆᓐࠄߩ⹺⼂ߪ‫ࠆߥ⇣ޔ‬ଔ୯ⷰߣ⹺⼂߇৻⥸⊛ߥ࿖᳃ߩᗧ⷗ߦ‫ޔ‬ᓐࠄߩㇺᏒߩ⥄ὼߩ೑↪ࠍ⛔วߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿ߣ␜ໂߒ
ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߒ߽ޕ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ߇↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩⷰὐߢ⸛⼏ߐࠇࠆߥࠄ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⠪߇↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍ‫ޟ‬ḩ⿷ᐲ‫ޟޔޠ‬ଔ୯ⷰ‫ࠍޠ‬ㅢߒߡ⸘᷹ߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆߚ߼‫ޔ‬ὶὐߪ߹ߔ߹ߔ࡙࡯
ࠩ࡯ߦᒰߡࠄࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ⚿⺰ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬೑ኂ㑐ଥ⠪ߣᤨ㑆⊛‫ޔ‬ⓨ㑆⊛⛔วߩ㑆ߩද௛ࠍ฽߻ㆬᛯߐࠇߚࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴
߇৻ቯߩ᭴ㅧ⊛ᛕ್ࠍᡷༀߔࠆᣇᴺߣߒߡ‫↢ޔ‬ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬࠍㇺᏒ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߦ⛔วߔࠆߚ߼ߩᣇᴺ߇ㅀߴࠄࠇߚ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᜰᮡߩ⋥ធ⊛࡮㑆ធ⊛ߥ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦኻߔࠆ
ଐሽࠍᛠីߔࠆߎߣߪ㔍໧ߣߒߡᱷߞߡ޿ࠆ‫↢ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ᘒቇ⊛േะߩ⑼ቇ⊛⎇ⓥ⚿ᨐࠍㇺᏒߦ߅޿ߡኻᔕߔࠆ᡽╷ߦㅪ៤ߐߖࠆߩߪ CBD ߩ⋡ᮡታ⃻ߦ߅޿ߡਇนᰳߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 24 -

(2) ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣㇺᏒᜰᮡߩ⛔วߦߟ޿ߡߩ⠨ኤ
 DPSIR ߦ⌕⋡ߒߚᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߪ‫ޔ‬᡽╷╬ࠍⴕ߁⚵❱߇‫߇ࠄ⥄ޔ‬ᛒ޿߿ߔ޿࠺࡯࠲ࠍ૶ߞߡ
⚵ߺ┙ߡࠄࠇߡߒ߹߁ߎߣ߇ᄙߊ‫ࠍ࠲࡯࠺ޔ‬ᓧ߿ߔ޿ߣ޿߁ඨ㕙‫⥄ޔ‬ᴦ૕ߦߣߞߡߪ૶޿
ߠࠄ޿߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߪ‫ޔ‬᷷ᥦൻ߿ᑄ᫈‛ߣ޿ߞߚઁಽ㊁ߩ᡽╷⋡ᮡ╬ߣ⛊߼ߡᬌ⸛ߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ᜰᮡ㐿⊒ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪߎߩὐߦߟ޿ߡᣢߦ⸒෸ߐࠇᆎ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇ߆ࠄߩㇺᏒᜰᮡߪ‫ޔ‬Ꮢ᳃߇ฃߌขߞߡ޿ࠆࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ㧔↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ㅪߠߌࠆ㧕ߦ⌕⋡ߒߡ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬- 25 -

㧡㧚‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡ‫ߩޠ‬ᅷᒰᕈߩᬌ⸽
㧡㧙㧝㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߩ᭎ⷐ
(1) ╷ቯߩ⢛᥊
 2008 ᐕ 5 ᦬‫ޔ‬COP9 㑑௥⚖ળวߦ߅޿ߡ‫ߩ࡞࡯ࡐࠟࡦࠪޔ‬㐿⊒ᄢ⤿ߦࠃࠅㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߩ╷ቯ߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇࠍฃߌߡ‫ޔ‬2009 ᐕ 2 ᦬‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߩ㐿⊒ࠍਥߥ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‫ ╙ޔ‬1 ࿁ኾ㐷ኅࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊ߇ࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ߢ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ‫ޔߪߢࡊ࠶࡚ࠪࠢ࡯ࡢߩߎޕ‬COP10 ෸߮↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ࿖㓙⥄ᴦ૕ળ⼏ߩ㐿௅ㇺᏒߢ޽ࠆฬฎደᏒࠍߪߓ߼‫ࡕޔࡃ࠴࡝ࠢޔ‬ࡦ࠻࡝ࠝ࡯࡞‫߇࡞࡯ࡐࠟࡦࠪޔ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡ㧔CBI㧕ߩ⹜ⴕᲑ㓏ߩࡕ࠺࡞ㇺᏒߣߥࠆࠃ߁‫࡞࡯ࡐࠟࡦࠪޔ‬෸߮↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂੐ോዪ߆ࠄⷐ⺧ࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡߦ㑐ࠊࠆኾ㐷ኅ‫ޔ‬਄ㅀߩ⥄ᴦ૕‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒ࿖ኅ᡽ᐭ╬ߩද⼏ࠍ⚻ߡ‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕ
1 ᦬⃻࿷‫ޔ‬25 ߩᜰᮡ߆ࠄߥࠆ‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡ‫ޕߚࠇࠄ߼ߣ߹߇ޠ‬- 26 -

(2) ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡ ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒߩ࿷᧪ߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ޠ‬‫↢ޟ‬ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ‫ޠ‬‫↢ޟ‬‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⛔ᴦߣ▤ℂ‫ ߩޠ‬3 ߟߩⷞὐ߆ࠄቯ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⹦⚦ߪᰴ㗁ߦ␜ߔㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒߩ࿷᧪ߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ 11 ᜰᮡ‫ޔ‬‫↢ޟ‬ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ 5 ᜰᮡ‫ޔ‬‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⛔ᴦߣ▤ℂ‫ߦޠ‬㑐ߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ 9 ᜰᮡߢ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

- 27 -

⴫ 5-1 ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߩో૕௝㧔2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬⃻࿷㧕㪚㪦㪤㪧㪦㪥㪜㪥㪫㪪ᴾ ᙲእᴾᾀώᣃࠊỉ‫נ‬ஹỉဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱᴾ

㪠㪥㪛㪠㪚㪘㪫㪦㪩㪪㩷 ਦ೅䋯㪭㪘㪩㪠㪘㪙㪣㪜㪪㩷 ‫٭‬ૠ
ᵆᵏᵇᴾ ᐯ໱ὉҞᐯ໱‫؏ע‬ỉлӳᴾ ήof natural/semi-natural areas㪥㪸㫋㫀㫍㪼㩷㪙㫀㫆㪻㫀㫍㪼㫉㫊㫀㫋㫐㩷㫀㫅㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪚㫀㫋㫐㩷 ᵆᵐᵇ ᐯ໱ῒҞᐯ໱‫؏ע‬ỉဃ७ኒỉ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱᴾ Diversity of ecosystemsᵆᵑᵇᴾ ᐯ໱ὉҞᐯ໱‫؏ע‬ỉ࠯‫ר‬ἣἕἓἇỶἌᴾ
ᴾ
Fragmentation Measuresᵆᵏᵎᵇᴾ ̬ᜱ‫؏ע‬ỉлӳᴾ ήof protected areasᴾ
ᵆᵒᵇᴾ ࠊᘑ‫ע‬ỆấẬỦᯓ᫏ỉᆔૠᴾ
Native biodiversity in built-up area
ᵆᵓᵋᵗᵇ Number of native speciesὉᴾ ౡཋỉᆔૠᴾ Plants㩷 ᴾ
Ὁᴾ ᯓ᫏ỉᆔૠᴾ Birds㩷 㩷 㩷Ὁᴾ ᗝ᫏ỉᆔૠᴾ Butterflies㩷 ᴾὉᴾ Ẹỉ˂ ᵐ Ў᫏ỉᆔૠᴾ 㪘㫅㫐㩷㪉㩷㫆㫋㪿㪼㫉㩷㫋㪸㫏㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㪾㫉㫆㫌㫇㫊㩷 ᴾᵆᵏᵏᵇ ̛ဦႎ‫ٳ‬ஹᆔᾉ‫נ‬ஹᆔᴾ Proportion of native species ᴾᵐώဃ७ኒἇὊἥἋᴾᴾ

ᵆᵏᵐᵇᴾ ࠊỉ൦̓ዅʖምỆ‫ݣ‬ẴỦ෋൦ᝲဇỉлӳᴾ
Freshwater Services㪜㪺㫆㫊㫐㫊㫋㪼㫄㩷㪪㪼㫉㫍㫀㪺㪼㫊㩷ᵆᵏᵑᵇ ໗እᝪသ Carbon storageᴾᵆᵏᵒᵋᵏᵔᵇ Recreation and educational services
Ὁᴾ π‫ט‬Ὁ̬ᜱғồỉ ᵏ ʴ࢘ụᚧբ‫ׅ‬ૠᴾ
Ὁᴾ π‫ט‬Ὁ̬ᜱғỉ ᵏ ʴ࢘ụ᩿ᆢᴾ
Ὁᴾ ૙ᏋႸႎỂ ᵏᵔ ബச฼ỉ‫܇‬Ễờầπ‫ט‬Ὁ̬ᜱғửᚧբẲẺ‫ׅ‬ૠᴾᾂ ώ ဃ ཋ ‫ ٶ‬ಮ ࣱ ỉ ወ ඙ ể ሥ ྸ ᵆᵏᵕᵇ ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱἩἿἊỹἁἚỉʖምлӳᴾ
㪞㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㪸㫅㪺㪼㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪤㪸㫅㪸㪾㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷
Budget allocated to biodiversity projects
㩷 㫆㪽㩷㪙㫀㫆㪻㫀㫍㪼㫉㫊㫀㫋㫐‒ ᵆᵏᵖᵇᴾ ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱἩἿἊỹἁἚẆἩἿἂἻἲỉ࠰᧓ˑૠᴾ
Number of biodiversity projects and programmesorganised by the city annuallyᵆᵏᵗᵇ ᙹЩὉᙹСὉ૎ሊᴾ Ḙᴾ ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱ‫؏ע‬৆ဦίᵪᵠᵱᵟᵮὸᴾ
Rules, Regulations & Policyᵆᵐᵎᵋᵐᵏᵇ ኵጢᏡщᴾ Institutional Capacityᴾ ᴾ Ὁᴾ ‫ᧉݦ‬ೞ᧙ỉૠᴾ 㪥㫆㪅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫀㫅㫊㫋㫀㫋㫌㫋㫀㫆㫅㫊㩷 㩷Ὁᴾ ᢿ‫᧓ޅ‬ңщỉૠ 㪥㫆㪅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫀㫅㫋㪼㫉㪄㪸㪾㪼㫅㪺㫐㩷㪺㫆㫆㫇㪼㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫀㫅㫀㫋㫀㪸㫋㫀㫍㪼㫊㩷 
ᵆᵐᵐᵋᵐᵑᵇ ӋьểἣὊἚἜὊἉἕἩᴾ Participation & Partnershipᴾ ᴾ Ὁᴾ ңᜭἩἿἍἋỉ‫נ܍‬ᴾ Existence of a consultation process㩷Ὁᴾ ἣὊἚἜὊἉἕἩỉ‫נ܍‬ᴾ Existence of㩷 partnerships㩷 ᵆᵐᵒᵋᵐᵓᵇ ૙Ꮛểգႆᴾ Education & Awareness-raisingᴾ ᴾ Ὁᴾ ‫ܖ‬ఄỽἼỿἷἻἲồỉဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱỉኵỚᡂỚᴾ
Incorporation of biodiversity into the school curriculumὉᴾ ỴỸἚἼὊἓἩἿἂἻἲởգႆỶἫὅἚỉ‫ׅ‬ૠᴾ
No. of outreach programmes/public awareness events⾗ᢱ㧦↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળ੐ോዪឭଏ

- 28 -

⴫ 5-2 ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߩ⹦⚦㧔2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬⃻࿷㧕ᵧᵬᵢᵧᵡᵟᵲᵭᵰᵱ㩷 ᜰᮡ䋯ᵴᵟᵰᵧᵟᵠᵪᵣᵱ㩷 ᄌᢙ㩷ᵱᵡᵭᵰᵣ㩷 䉴䉮䉝㩷Components≔≑⁀⁓⁦⁛⁨⁗‒‴⁛⁡⁖⁛⁨⁗⁤⁥⁛⁦⁫‒⁛⁠‒⁦⁚⁗‒‵⁛⁦⁫‒ ‒ ᣃࠊỆấẬỦ‫נ‬ஹỉဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱ
ᵆᵏᵇᴾ ήᴾ ᶍᶄᴾᶌᵿᶒᶓᶐᵿᶊᵍᶑᶃᶋᶇᵋᶌᵿᶒᶓᶐᵿᶊᴾᵿᶐᶃᵿᶑᴾ

ᵆᾀᵇᴾ ήᴾ ᶍᶄᴾᶌᵿᶒᶓᶐᵿᶊᵍᶑᶃᶋᶇᵋᶌᵿᶒᶓᶐᵿᶊᴾᵿᶐᶃᵿᶑᴾ  ⥄ὼ࡮ඨ⥄ὼ࿾ၞߩഀว

ᐯ໱ὉҞᐯ໱‫؏ע‬ỉлӳᴾ

forests, mangroves, freshwater swamps,

0: 0%

natural grasslands, streams, lakes, etc.

1: 1% - 6%

 parks, golf courses, roadsides

2: 7% - 13%

٤ natural ecosystems with dominant native

3: 14% - 20%

species within parks

4: 21% and moreᵆᵐᵇᴾᵢᶇᶔᶃᶐᶑᶇᶒᶗᴾᶍᶄᴾᶃᶁᶍᶑᶗᶑᶒᶃᶋᶑᴾ

ᵆᵐᵇᴾᵢᶇᶔᶃᶐᶑᶇᶒᶗᴾᶍᶄᴾᶃᶁᶍᶑᶗᶑᶒᶃᶋᶑ

⥄ὼ࡮ඨ⥄ὼ࿾ၞߩ↢ᘒ♽ߩᄙ᭽ᕈ

ᐯ໱ὉҞᐯ໱‫؏ע‬ỉဃ७ኒỉ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱᴾ

forests (tropical, subtropical, monsoon, temperate,

0: 0 natural ecosystems

lowland, montane, primary, secondary, etc.),

1: 1-3 ecosystems

mangroves, freshwater swamps, peat swamps,

2: 4-6 ecosystems

natural grasslands, rivers, streams, lakes,

3: 7-9 ecosystems

rocky shores, beach, mud-flats, sand dunes,

4: 10 and more ecosystems

sea grass beds, corals, etc.
ᵆᵑᵇᴾᵤᶐᵿᶅᶋᶃᶌᶒᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᵫᶃᵿᶑᶓᶐᶃᶑᴾ

ᵆᵑᵇᴾᵤᶐᵿᶅᶋᶃᶌᶒᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᵫᶃᵿᶑᶓᶐᶃᶑᴾ㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 ⥄ὼ࡮ඨ⥄ὼ࿾ၞߩᢿ ൻ䈱ᜰᮡ㩷ᐯ໱ὉҞᐯ໱‫؏ע‬ỉ࠯‫ר‬ἣἕἓἇỶἌᴾᐔဋࡄ࠶࠴ࠨࠗ࠭mean patch size㧩⥄ὼ㨯ඨ⥄ὼ↢ᘒ♽ߩ✚㕙Ⓧ¸ࡄ࠶࠴ߩᢙ
the total area of all natural and semi-natural
ecosystems ¸ the number of patches

0: < 1 জ 2
1: 1 to 2.4 জ 2
2: 2.5 to 4.9 জ 2
3: 5 to 15 জ 2
4: > 15 জ 2

ᵆᵒᵇᴾᵬᵿᶒᶇᶔᶃᴾᶀᶇᶍᶂᶇᶔᶃᶐᶑᶇᶒᶗᴾᶇᶌᴾᶀᶓᶇᶊᶒᵋᶓᶎᴾᵿᶐᶃᵿᴾ

ᵆᵒᵇᴾᵬᵿᶒᶇᶔᶃᴾᶀᶇᶍᶂᶇᶔᶃᶐᶑᶇᶒᶗᴾᶇᶌᴾᶀᶓᶇᶊᶒᵋᶓᶎᴾᵿᶐᶃᵿᴾᏒⴝ࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿷᧪↢‛ߩᄙ᭽ᕈ㧔㠽㘃ߩ⒳ᢙ㧕 ࠊᘑ‫ע‬ỆấẬỦᯓ᫏ỉᆔૠᴾ

No. of bird species in built-up areas

0: 0 bird species

buildings, roads, drainage channels,

1: 1-3 bird speciesroof gardens, roadside planting, golf courses,

2: 4-5 bird species

lawns, urban parks, etc.

3: 6-7 bird species
4: 8 bird species- 29 -

ᵧᵬᵢᵧᵡᵟᵲᵭᵰᵱ㩷 ᜰᮡ䋯ᵴᵟᵰᵧᵟᵠᵪᵣᵱ㩷 ᄌᢙ㩷ᵱᵡᵭᵰᵣ㩷 䉴䉮䉝㩷ᵆᵓᵋᵗᵇᴾᵬᶓᶋᶀᶃᶐᴾᶍᶄᴾᶌᵿᶒᶇᶔᶃᴾᶑᶎᶃᶁᶇᶃᶑᴾ

ᵆᵓᵋᵗᵇᴾᵬᶓᶋᶀᶃᶐᴾᶍᶄᴾᶌᵿᶒᶇᶔᶃᴾᶑᶎᶃᶁᶇᶃᶑᴾ

࿷᧪↢‛ߩ⒳ᢙ

ౡཋỉᆔૠᴾ

3 core groups i.e. plants, birds and butterflies 0: 0 plant species
1: 1-99 plant species

Any 2 other taxonomic groups can be selected

2: 100-499 plant species

by the city.

3: 500-999 plant species
4: 1000 and more plant speciesᯓ᫏ỉᆔૠᴾ
0: 0 bird species
1: 1-50 bird species
2: 51-100 bird species
3: 101-150 bird species
4: 151 and more bird speciesᗝ᫏ỉᆔૠᴾ
0: 0 butterfly species
1: 1-50 butterfly species
2: 51-100 butterfly species
3: 101-150 butterfly species
4: 151 and more butterfly speciesẸỉ˂ίᾐὸỉᆔૠᴾ
Ẹỉ˂ίᾑὸỉᆔૠᵆᵏᵎᵇᴾ ήᴾ ᶍᶄᴾᶎᶐᶍᶒᶃᶁᶒᶃᶂᴾᵿᶐᶃᵿᶑᴾ

ᵆᵏᵎᵇᴾ ήᴾ ᶍᶄᴾᶎᶐᶍᶒᶃᶁᶒᶃᶂᴾᵿᶐᶃᵿᶑᴾ ̬ᜱ‫؏ע‬ỉлӳ଻⼔࿾ၞߩഀว

0: 0%



1: 1-2%
2: 3%
3: 4%
4: 5% and moreᵆᵏᵏᵇᴾᵮᶐᶍᶎᶍᶐᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᶍᶄᴾᶌᵿᶒᶇᶔᶃᴾᶑᶎᶃᶁᶇᶃᶑᴾ

ᵆᵏᵏᵇᴾᵮᶐᶍᶎᶍᶐᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᶍᶄᴾᶌᵿᶒᶇᶔᶃᴾᶑᶎᶃᶁᶇᶃᶑᴾ

ᵆᵿᶑᴾᶍᶎᶎᶍᶑᶃᶂᴾᶒᶍᴾᶇᶌᶔᵿᶑᶇᶔᶃᴾᵿᶊᶇᶃᶌᴾᶑᶎᶃᶁᶇᶃᶑᵇ̛ဦႎ‫ٳ‬ஹᆔᾉ‫נ‬ஹᆔᴾ
0: 31% and moreଚ⇛⊛ᄖ᧪⒳㧦࿷᧪⒳

ోଚ⇛⊛ᄖ᧪⒳ᢙ¸࿷᧪⒳ᢙ100

1: 21-30%

It would have to be a comparison of

2: 11-20%

specific taxonomic groups.

3: 1-10%
4: 0%- 30 -

ᵧᵬᵢᵧᵡᵟᵲᵭᵰᵱ㩷 ᜰᮡ䋯ᵴᵟᵰᵧᵟᵠᵪᵣᵱ㩷 ᄌᢙ㩷ᵱᵡᵭᵰᵣ㩷 䉴䉮䉝㩷Components ․≑‷⁕⁡⁥⁫⁥⁦⁗ ‒⁅⁗⁤⁨⁛⁕⁗⁥‒ ဃ७ኒ⇛∞⇹⇟ᵆᵏᵐᵇᴾᵤᶐᶃᶑᶆᶕᵿᶒᶃᶐᴾᵱᶃᶐᶔᶇᶁᶃᶑᴾ

ᵆᵏᵐᵇᴾᵤᶐᶃᶑᶆᶕᵿᶒᶃᶐᴾᵱᶃᶐᶔᶇᶁᶃᶑᴾ᷆᳓ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ

ࠊỉ൦̓ዅʖምỆ‫ݣ‬ẴỦ෋൦ᝲဇỉлӳᴾ

Cost of cleaning the water in the city

0: More than 10%
1: 8%-10%
2: 5%-7%
3: 2%-4%
4: 1% or lessᵆᵏᵑᵇᴾᵡᵿᶐᶀᶍᶀᶌᴾᶑᶒᶍᶐᵿᶅᶃᴾ

ᵆᵏᵑᵇᴾᵡᵿᶐᶀᶍᶀᶌᴾᶑᶒᶍᶐᵿᶅᶃᴾ ໗እᝪသ὇⚛⾂⇐

0: 99,000 and less trees
1: 100,000 - 249,000 trees
2: 250,000 - 499,000 trees
3: 500,000 – 999,000 trees
4: 1 million trees

ᵆᵏᵒᵋᵏᵔᵇᴾᵰᶃᶁᶐᶃᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᵿᶌᶂᴾᶃᶂᶓᶁᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᴾᶑᶃᶐᶔᶇᶁᶃᶑᴾ

ᵆᵏᵒᵋᵏᵔᵇᴾᵰᶃᶁᶐᶃᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᵿᶌᶂᴾᶃᶂᶓᶁᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᴾᶑᶃᶐᶔᶇᶁᶃᶑᴾ࡟ࠢ࡝ࠛ࡯࡚ࠪࡦ࡮ᢎ⢒ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬπ‫ט‬Ὁ̬ᜱғồỉ ᵏ ʴ࢘ụᚧբ‫ׅ‬ૠᴾ

0: 0 visit / person / year
1: 1-10 visits / person / year
2: 11-50 visits / person / year
3: 51-100 visits / person / year
4: more than 100 visits / person / yearπ‫ט‬Ὁ̬ᜱғỉ ᵏ ʴ࢘ụ᩿ᆢᴾ
0: 0 ha/person
1: 0.1-0.3 ha/person
2: 0.4-0.6 ha/person
3: 0.7-0.9 ha/person
4:

1 or more ha/person૙ᏋႸႎỂ ᵏᵔ ബச฼ỉ‫܇‬Ễờầᴾπ‫ט‬Ὁ̬ᜱғửᚧբẲẺ‫ׅ‬ૠ
0: 0 educational visits/year
1: 1 educational visit/year
2: 2 educational visits/year
3: 3 educational visits/year
4: 4 educational visits/year- 31 -

ᵧᵬᵢᵧᵡᵟᵲᵭᵰᵱ㩷 ᜰᮡ䋯ᵴᵟᵰᵧᵟᵠᵪᵣᵱ㩷 ᄌᢙ㩷ᵱᵡᵭᵰᵣ㩷 䉴䉮䉝㩷Components ≖≑‹⁡⁨⁗⁤⁠⁓⁠⁕⁗‒⁓⁠⁖‒‿⁓⁠⁓⁙⁗ ⁗⁠⁦‒⁡⁘‒‴⁛⁡⁖⁛⁨⁗⁤⁥⁛⁦⁫‒ ‒ ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱ↝ወ඙↗ሥྸ㩷ᵆᵏᵕᵇᴾᵠᶓᶂᶅᶃᶒᴾᵿᶊᶊᶍᶁᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶒᶍᴾᶀᶇᶍᶂᶇᶔᶃᶐᶑᶇᶒᶗᴾᶎᶐᶍᶈᶃᶁᶒᶑᴾ

ᵆᵏᵕᵇᴾᵠᶓᶂᶅᶃᶒᴾᵿᶊᶊᶍᶁᵿᶒᶃᶂᴾᶒᶍᴾᶀᶇᶍᶂᶇᶔᶃᶐᶑᶇᶒᶗᴾᶎᶐᶍᶈᶃᶁᶒᶑ

↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߩ੍▚ഀวဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱἩἿἊỹἁἚỉʖምлӳᴾ
0: 0% of the city’s total budget
1: 1% of the city’s total budget
2: 2% of the city’s total budget
3: 3% of the city’s total budget
4: more than 3%

ᵆᵏᵖᵇᴾᵬᶓᶋᶀᶃᶐᴾᶍᶄᴾᶀᶇᶍᶂᶇᶔᶃᶐᶑᶇᶒᶗᴾᶎᶐᶍᶈᶃᶁᶒᶑᴾᵿᶌᶂᴾᶎᶐᶍᶅᶐᵿᶋᶋᶃᶑ

ᵆᵏᵖᵇࠊỆợỦẆဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱἩἿἊỹἁἚẆᴾᶍᶐᶅᵿᶌᶇᶑᶃᶂᴾᶀᶗᴾᶒᶆᶃᴾᶁᶇᶒᶗᴾᵿᶌᶌᶓᵿᶊᶊᶗ
↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻‫ߩࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊޔ‬ᐕ㑆ઙᢙἩἿἂἻἲỉ࠰᧓ˑૠ
0: 0 projects/programmes per year
1: 1-10 projects/programmes per year
2: 11-20 projects/programmes per year
3: 21-30 projects/programmes per year
4: more than 30

ᵆᵏᵗᵇᴾᵰᶓᶊᶃᶑᵊᴾᵰᶃᶅᶓᶊᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᶑᴾᵄᴾᵮᶍᶊᶇᶁᶗᴾ

ᵆᵏᵗᵇᴾᵰᶓᶊᶃᶑᵊᴾᵰᶃᶅᶓᶊᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᶑᴾᵄᴾᵮᶍᶊᶇᶁᶗᴾⷙೣ‫ⷙޔ‬೙‫ޔ‬᡽╷ဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱ‫؏ע‬৆ဦίᵪᵠᵱᵟᵮὸᴾ

Some of the CBD initiatives include

0: No LBSAP

plant conservation, forest biodiversity,

1: LBSAP not aligned with NBSAP

global taxonomy initiative,

2: LBSAP aligned with NBSAP but

invasive species programme,marine biodiversity conservation,
protected areas, etc.

does not include any CBD initiatives
3: LBSAP aligned with NBSAP which
include at least 2 CBD initiatives
4: LBSAP aligned with NBSAP which
include more than 2 CBD initiatives- 32 -

ᵧᵬᵢᵧᵡᵟᵲᵭᵰᵱ㩷 ᜰᮡ䋯ᵴᵟᵰᵧᵟᵠᵪᵣᵱ㩷 ᄌᢙ㩷ᵱᵡᵭᵰᵣ㩷 䉴䉮䉝㩷ᵆᵐᵎᵋᵐᵏᵇᴾᵧᶌᶑᶒᶇᶒᶓᶒᶇᶍᶌᵿᶊᴾᵡᵿᶎᵿᶁᶇᶒᶗᴾ ᴾ ⚵❱⢻ജᵆᵐᵎᵇᴾᵬᶍᵌᴾᶍᶄᴾᶇᶌᶑᶒᶇᶒᶓᶒᶇᶍᶌᶑᴾ ᴾ

‫ᧉݦ‬ೞ᧙ỉૠᴾ

ᯏ㑐࡮ᯏ⢻ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਅ⸥ࠍ฽߻‫ޕ‬

0:

No institutions covering the essential↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޔ‬

biodiversity-related functionsᬀ‛࿦‫ޔ‬ᬀ‛ᮡᧄ㙚‫ޔ‬

1: 1 institution or functionേ‛ቇඳ‛㙚‫ޔ‬᣸⯻㙚‫ޔ‬േ‛࿦ߥߤ‫ޕ‬

2: 2 institutions or functions㧔ᬀ‛࿦ߦᬀ‛ᮡᧄ㙚߇޽ࠇ߫ੑߟߣߒߡ⹏ଔ㧕

3: 3 institutions or functions
4: 4 institutions or functions
ᵆᵐᵏᵇᴾ ᵬᶍᵌᴾ ᶍᶄᴾ ᶇᶌᶒᶃᶐᵋᵿᶅᶃᶌᶁᶗᴾ ᶁᶍᶍᶎᶃᶐᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ

ㇱዪߦߪ‫ޔ‬ਅ⸥ࠍ฽߻‫ޕ‬↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ޔ↹⸘ޔ‬᳓㆏‫ޔ‬੤ㅢ‫ޔ‬㐿⊒ㇱ㐷ߥߤ‫ޕ‬
0WODGTQHCIGPEKGUKPXQNXGFKPKPVGTCIGPE[EQQTFKPCVKQPᶇᶌᶇᶒᶇᵿᶒᶇᶔᶃᶑᴾ
ᢿ‫᧓ޅ‬ңщỉૠᴾ
0: No inter-agency coordination
1: At least 2 agencies coordinate
on biodiversity matters
2: At least 3 agencies coordinate ࡮࡮࡮
3: At least 4 agencies coordinate ࡮࡮࡮
4: At least 5 agencies coordinate ࡮࡮࡮- 33 -

ᵧᵬᵢᵧᵡᵟᵲᵭᵰᵱ㩷 ᜰᮡ䋯ᵴᵟᵰᵧᵟᵠᵪᵣᵱ㩷 ᄌᢙ㩷ᵱᵡᵭᵰᵣ㩷 䉴䉮䉝㩷

ᵆᵐᵐᵋᵐᵑᵇᴾᵮᵿᶐᶒᶇᶁᶇᶎᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᵄᴾᵮᵿᶐᶒᶌᶃᶐᶑᶆᶇᶎᴾ

ᵆᵐᵐᵇᴾᵣᶖᶇᶑᶒᶃᶌᶁᶃᴾᶍᶄᴾᵿᴾᶁᶍᶌᶑᶓᶊᶒᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᶎᶐᶍᶁᶃᶑᶑ

ෳടߣࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊ

ңᜭἩἿἍἋỉ‫נ܍‬ᴾ ᴾ
0: No formal process
1: Formal or informal process being considered
2: Formal or informal process being planed
3: Formal or informal process
in the process of being implemented
4: Formal or informal process existsᵆᵐᵑᵇᴾᵣᶖᶇᶑᶒᶃᶌᶁᶃᴾᶍᶄᴾ ᶎᵿᶐᶒᶌᶃᶐᶑᶆᶇᶎᶑᴾἣὊἚἜὊἉἕἩỉ‫נ܍‬ᴾࡄ࡯࠻࠽࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊࠍ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ࿅૕ߩᢙ

0: No formal/informal partnerships
1: City in partnership with at least 1other agency/private company/NGO
2: City in partnership with at least 2other agencies/private companies/NGOs
3: City in partnership with at least 3other agencies/private companies/NGOs
4: City in partnership with at least 4other agencies/private companies/NGOsᵆᵐᵒᵋᵐᵓᵇᴾᵣᶂᶓᶁᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᵄᴾᵟᶕᵿᶐᶃᶌᶃᶑᶑᵋᶐᵿᶇᶑᶇᶌᶅᴾ

ᵆᵐᵒᵇᴾᵧᶌᶁᶍᶐᶎᶍᶐᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᶍᶄᴾᶀᶇᶍᶂᶇᶔᶃᶐᶑᶇᶒᶗᴾ ᴾ
ᶇᶌᶒᶍᴾᶒᶆᶃᴾᶑᶁᶆᶍᶍᶊᴾᶁᶓᶐᶐᶇᶁᶓᶊᶓᶋ

ᢎ⢒ߣ໪⊒‫ܖ‬ఄỽἼỿἷἻἲồỉဃཋ‫ٶ‬ಮࣱỉኵỚᡂỚᴾ

0: Biodiversity or elements of it are
not covered in the school curriculum

1: Biodiversity or elements of it are
being considered for inclusion ࡮࡮࡮

2: Biodiversity or elements of it are
being planed for inclusion ࡮࡮࡮

3: Biodiversity or elements of it arein the process of being implemented ࡮࡮࡮

4: Biodiversity or elements of it areincluded in the school curriculum- 34 -

ᵧᵬᵢᵧᵡᵟᵲᵭᵰᵱ㩷 ᜰᮡ䋯ᵴᵟᵰᵧᵟᵠᵪᵣᵱ㩷 ᄌᢙ㩷ᵱᵡᵭᵰᵣ㩷 䉴䉮䉝㩷ᵆᵐᵓᵇᴾᵬᶍᵌᴾᶍᶄᴾᶍᶓᶒᶐᶃᵿᶁᶆᴾᶎᶐᶍᶅᶐᵿᶋᶋᶃᶑᵍᴾ

ᶎᶓᶀᶊᶇᶁᴾᵿᶕᵿᶐᶃᶌᶃᶑᶑᴾᶃᶔᶃᶌᶒᶑ

ỴỸἚἼὊἓἩἿἂἻἲởգႆỶἫὅἚỉ‫ׅ‬ૠᴾᏒ‫ޔ‬ቇᩞ‫ޔ‬0)1 ╬ߦࠃߞߡ㐿௅ߐࠇࠆኻ⹤㓸ળ‫ޔ࡯࠽ࡒ࠮ޔࠢ࡯ࠜ࠙࠼ࠗࠟޔ‬ዷ␜ળ‫ޔ࡯࡚ࠪ࠼࡯ࡠޔ‬0: 0 outreach programmes/events per year
1: 1-20 outreach programmes/events per year
2: 21-50 outreach programmes/events
per year࿖㓙↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩᣣ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ⅣႺ࠺࡯‫ޕߤߥ࡯࠺ࠬ࡯ࠕޔ‬3: 51-100 outreach programmes/events
per year
4: more than 100 outreach programmes/events
per year⾗ᢱ㧦↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળ੐ോዪឭଏ

- 35 -

㧡㧙㧞㧚ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߩᅷᒰᕈߩᬌ⸽
ᣢሽߩቇⴚ⺰ᢥߣฬฎደᏒߩ㑐ଥ⠪2߳ߩࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ⾗ᢱࠍ߽ߣߦ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߩ⺖㗴ࠍએਅߦᢛℂߔࠆ‫ޕ‬٨ㇺᏒߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩ㆑޿ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚᜰᮡ㐿⊒߇ᔅⷐ࡮ㇺᏒߦߪ㧟ߟߩ࠲ࠗࡊ߇޽ࠆ㧔ᰴ㗁࿑ෳᾖ㧕‫ޟޔߪ⋡ߟ৻ޕ‬Ꮢၞߩᄢඨ߇Ꮢⴝ࿾ߢ޽ࠆㇺᏒ‫ޔࠅ޽ߢޠ‬ฬฎደᏒߪߎߎߦዻߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ੑߟ⋡ߪ‫ޟޔ‬Ꮢၞߩਛߦ‫ޔ‬Ꮢⴝ࿾ߩߺߥࠄߕᐢᄢ
ߥ⥄ὼၞ߿↰࿦࿾Ꮺࠍᛴ߃ࠆㇺᏒ‫ޠ‬‫ޔ‬ਃߟ⋡ߪ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬ਔ⠪ߩਛ㑆ߩㇺᏒ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬࡮ߎࠇࠄߩ㆑޿ߪਥߦᏒၞߩ㕙Ⓧߦᄢ߈ߊᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣߣߥࠆ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬㕙Ⓧ߇ 100km2
ߦḩߚߥ޿ㇺᏒߩᄙߊߪᏒၞߩᄢඨ߇Ꮢⴝ࿾ߢ޽ࠆߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬Ꮢၞ߇ 1,000km2 ࠍ⿥߃ࠆㇺᏒߩᄙߊߪᏒⴝ࿾ࠃࠅ߽ᐢᄢߥ⥄ὼၞ߿↰࿦࿾ᏪࠍᏒၞߦᛴ߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮⃻࿷ߩㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߪߎ߁ߒߚㇺᏒߩ࠲ࠗࡊߩ㆑޿ࠍ⠨ᘦߔࠆߎߣߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᜰᮡߏߣߩࠬࠦࠕࠍ৻ᓞߦ▚಴ߒ‫ޔ‬Ყセߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆὐ߇໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬٨ฦ࿖ฦㇺᏒߩࡕ࠴ࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ਄ߍࠆᎿᄦ߇ᔅⷐ

࡮ᜰᮡߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ࿖ฦㇺᏒߩࡕ࠴ࡌ࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ਄ߍࠆࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ‫ޔߪߚ߹ޔ‬ബ߹ߒߦߥࠆࠃ߁
ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬᳿ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ฦㇺᏒߩ߿ࠆ᳇ࠍߘߋࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߡߪߥࠄߥ
޿‫ޕ‬࡮೨ㅀߩ⺖㗴ߢ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬Ꮢၞߩᄢඨ߇Ꮢⴝ࿾ߢ޽ࠆㇺᏒߣ‫ޔ‬ᐢᄢߥ⥄ὼၞ߿↰࿦࿾Ꮺ߇ᄢඨࠍභ߼ࠆㇺᏒߣࠍหߓ࿯ୈߢ⹏ଔߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬หߓ࠲ࠗࡊߦಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆㇺᏒห჻ߢ⹏ଔน⢻ߥᜰᮡ㗄⋡ࠍᬌ⸛ߒ‫ޔ‬૞ᚑߒߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ߘߩᗧ๧ߢߪ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼၞߩᄙኦߪฦㇺᏒߦߣߞߡߩਈઙ޽ࠆ޿ߪೋᦼ᧦ઙߣߒߡᛒ޿‫ߘޔ‬ߩᓟߩჇᷫࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆᣇ߇⦟޿߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡ㧔ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ㧝᦬ᤨὐߩᦨᣂ 㧕ߦኻߔࠆᅷᒰᕈ
ࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળ੐ോዪ✚᜝ෳਈ࡮ട⮮ᱜ༹᳁߳ߩࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣࠍⴕߞߚ‫⚿ࠣࡦ࡝ࠕࡅޕ‬ᨐਗ߮ߦട⮮᳁ࠃࠅឭଏߐࠇ
ߚ⾗ᢱࠍ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚2

- 36 -

٨‫ޟ‬ੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼ߇ᜬߟ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍᡰ߃ࠆẜ࿷ജ‫⹏ࠍޠ‬ଔኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐ

࡮ㇺᏒ߇ᛴ߃ࠆ⺖㗴ߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢ߈ߊ‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒౝߩ⥄ὼၞ߿↰࿦࿾Ꮺߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޔߣޠో଻ޟ‬Ꮢⴝ࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޟ‬ᓳర‫ߦޠ‬ಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ߒ߆ߒ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߪ‫ޟޔ‬ᓳర‫ޠ‬㧔Ꮢⴝ࿾߿ㄘ࿾ߥߤ
ߩੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼߦ߅ߌࠆᓳరߩᚑᨐ╬㧕ࠍචಽ⹏ଔߢ߈ࠆౝኈߦߪߥߞߡ޿ߥ޿ὐ߇໧㗴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࡮଀߃߫‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄߢ߽ 20 ਎♿ᧃએ᧪‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒᴡᎹߩ᳓⾰ᡷༀߦߣ߽ߥߞߡ㝼㘃ߩᓳᵴ߇⷗ࠄࠇ
ࠆ‫ޕ‬㝼㘃߽‫․ޔ‬ቯ⒳߳ߩ஍ࠅ߿ࠞ࡜ࠬ‫ⵍࠆࠃߦ࠙ࡢࠞޔ‬ኂߣ޿߁໧㗴ὐࠍ฽ߺߥ߇ࠄ߽‫ޔ‬
20 ਎♿ඨ߫ߦᲧߴߡᏒⴝ࿾ߢߩჇട࡮ቯ⌕௑ะ߇⷗ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬੩ㇺߩ␠ኹߦ߅ߌࠆ
ᣣᧄᐸ࿦ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ੱޔ‬Ꮏ⊛ߥⅣႺߢ޽ࠅߥ߇ࠄ⼾߆ߥ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍታ⃻ߒߡ޿ࠆ଀߽޽
ࠆ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬Ꮢⴝ࿾ߩਛߩੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼ߇ᜬߟน⢻ᕈࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦ⹏ଔߒ‫ޔ‬ੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼߩน⢻ᕈࠍㆡಾߦᒁ߈಴ߔขࠅ⚵ߺߩଦㅴߦነਈߔࠆᜰᮡ߇ᔅⷐߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬٨↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦ㑐ࠊࠆᜰᮡ㗄⋡ߩᬌ⸛࡮⵬ᒝ߇ᔅⷐ

࡮⃻࿷ߩㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈᜰᮡࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߢߪ‫↢ޔ‬ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦ㑐ߔࠆᜰᮡ߇㧡୘⸳ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔߜ߁ߩߘޔ‬㧟୘߇‫࡮ࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯ࠛ࡝ࠢ࡟ޟ‬ᢎ⢒‫߇ޠ‬භ߼ߡ߅ࠅ‫ࡃޔ‬࡜ࡦࠬ߇ᖡ޿‫ޕ‬࡮ߤߩࠃ߁ߥᜰᮡ㗄⋡ࠍㅊടߔߴ߈߆ߪ੹ᓟߩᬌ⸛⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߩᜰᮡ㗄⋡ߩ⵬ᒝ߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ࠪࡦࠟࡐ࡯࡞ᜰᮡߪ‫⥄ޟ‬Ꮖ⹏ଔ‫ߣߛ࡞࡯࠷ߩ↪ޠ‬⡞޿ߡ޿ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬ฦㇺᏒ߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩ
ታᖱߣ໧㗴ᗧ⼂ߦᓥߞߡ‫ߩ⥄⁛ޔ‬ᜰᮡࠍઃߌട߃ࠆߥߤߩࡈ࡟ࠠࠪࡉ࡞ߥขࠅᛒ޿߽ᔅ
ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬٨ㇺᏒ⸘↹ߣߩ㑐ㅪ߆ࠄᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߣ޿߁ⷞὐ߽ᔅⷐ

࡮↢ᘒቇߩኾ㐷ኅߛߌߢߥߊ‫↢ޔ‬ᘒቇએᄖߩኾ㐷ኅ㧔ㇺᏒ⸘↹╬㧕ߩ⋡✢߆ࠄᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣ߽ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߣ޿ߥߒ߁ߘޕ‬ㇺᏒ⸘↹╬ߩઁಽ㊁ߦ㑐ࠊࠆᜂᒰ⠪߇૶޿ߦߊ
޿ᜰᮡߣߥߞߡߒ߹߁‫࡯ࠩ࡯࡙ޔ߼ߚߩߎޕ‬㧔ታ㓙ߦᜰᮡࠍᣉ╷╬ߦ૶߁ੱ㧕ࠍᗐቯߒߥ߇ࠄᜰᮡࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩᵩ᳓⺞ᢛ⢻ജ߿ੑᰴ⊛⥄ὼ╬ߪㇺᏒ⸘↹ߦߟߥ߇ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߚ߼‫ߦ․ޔ‬ㇺᏒ⸘↹ߦߟߥ߇ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ⼂ߒߡᜰᮡࠍߟߊࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߣ޿߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬- 37 -

࿑ 5-1 ㇺᏒߩ㧟࠲ࠗࡊ㧔1㧛3㧕
⾗ᢱ㧦↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળ੐ോዪ✚᜝ෳਈ࡮ട⮮ᱜ༹᳁ឭଏ

- 38 -

࿑ 5-2 ㇺᏒߩ㧟࠲ࠗࡊ㧔2㧛3㧕⾗ᢱ㧦↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળ੐ോዪ✚᜝ෳਈ࡮ട⮮ᱜ༹᳁ឭଏ

- 39 -

࿑ 5-3 ㇺᏒߩ㧟࠲ࠗࡊ㧔3㧛3㧕⾗ᢱ㧦↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળ੐ോዪ✚᜝ෳਈ࡮ട⮮ᱜ༹᳁ឭଏ

- 40 -

㧢㧚߅ࠊࠅߦ
↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦߪ‫߁޿ߣޠࠬࡆ࡯ࠨޟ‬᭎ᔨ߇౉ߞߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫߇࡯ࠩ࡯࡙ޔ‬ᗐቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬GIS ߥߤࠍ↪޿ߚᏗዋ⒳ߥߤߩ↢ᘒ♽ߥߤߦ㈩ᘦߔࠆᖱႎߦട߃‫␠ޔ‬ળ⊛ߥଔ୯ⷰࠍ࿾࿑ߦ෻ᤋߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ࿾࿑૞ᚑ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ⋡⊛ߦวࠊߖߡ㧘ᜰᮡࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߥࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߢㆡ↪ߒ‫ᤨߥ߁ࠃߩߤޔ‬㑆ゲߢ⠨߃ߡ޿ߊߩ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ᜰᮡߩ╷ቯ‫⥄߇ޠ‬Ꮖ⋡⊛ൻߒߡߒ߹߁ᑷኂ߿‫ޔ‬ᭂജᣢሽߩ࠺࡯࠲ߛߌߢኻᔕߒࠃ߁ߣ
ߔࠆᘠ⠌ࠍᄌ߃‫ޔ‬ᜰᮡ߇ታⴕജࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߦߪㇺᏒㇱߩ૑᳃ߩḩ⿷ᐲ‫ⴕޔ‬᡽ߩ⚵❱ߩᨵエᕈߥߤ߇㊀ⷐߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬- 41 -

ï ˄᥵

ઃ㍳㧝㧦ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆฦ⒳ળ⼏ߩ㐿௅േะ ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕᐲߦ㐿௅ߐࠇߚㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆળ⼏ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ⥄ᴦ૕ળ
⼏ 2009‫ޔޠ‬㧔⽷㧕ฬฎደㇺᏒ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ਥ௅ ౏㐿ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓߢ޽ࠆ‫⥄ޟ‬ᴦ૕߆ࠄߺߚ‫ޡ‬ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ޟޠޢ‬ડᬺ࡮ᄢቇ߆ࠄߺߚ‫ޡ‬ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ߩޠޢ‬᭎ⷐࠍᢛℂߔࠆ‫ޕ‬- 42 -

㧝㧚↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ⥄ᴦ૕ળ⼏ 2009㧔ࡊ࡟࿖㓙⥄ᴦ૕ળ⼏㧕(1) 㐿௅᭎ⷐ
㐿௅ᣣᤨ
㐿௅႐ᚲ
ਥ௅⠪

ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 13 ᣣ㧔㊄㧕11:00㨪17:30
㧔⁛㧕࿖㓙දജᯏ᭴㧔JICA㧕ਛㇱ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧔ฬฎደᏒਛ᧛඙ᐔᳰ↸ 4 ৼ⋡ 60-7㧕ᗲ⍮⋵‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᏒ‫ޔ‬COP10 ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળ
ᄖോ⋭ ․๮ోᮭᄢ૶㧔COP10 ᜂᒰ㧕 ⨹ᧁ༑ઍᔒ࿖㓙දജᯏ᭴ਛㇱ࿖㓙࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ᚲ㐳 Ⓑ⪲⺈᧪ ⾠࿖㓙⥄ὼ଻⼔ㅪว㩀㨽㩧㩎㩊㩨㨽㩧 2010 㩖㩩㩥㩂㩨㩡㩛㨿㩖㨲㩅㨺 ࠛ࡝ࠨ㨯ࠞ࡞ࠞ࠹࡜
࿖㓙ㅪว࿾ၞ㐿⊒࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ᚲ㐳 ዊ㊁Ꮉ๺ᑧ㧔⽷㧕࿾⃿ⅣႺᚢ⇛ᯏ㑐ℂ੐㐳㧔␠㧕+%.'+ ᣣᧄℂ੐㐳 ᵿਛ⵨ᓼⅣႺ⋭ ᄢ⤿ቭᚱክ⼏ቭ ᷰㆺ✁↵        ̪50 㖸㗅‫ޔ‬ᢘ⒓⇛

ෳട⠪103 ⥄ᴦ૕㧔32 ㇺ㆏ᐭ⋵‫ޔ‬15 ᡽઎Ꮢ‫ޔ‬56 Ꮢ↸᧛㧕
22 㑐ଥᯏ㑐࡮࿅૕ 㧨ࡊ࡟ࠬ‫ޔ‬੐ോዪ㒰ߊ㧪       ⸘ 204 ฬ

 

 
౮⌀ 1-1 ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ⥄ᴦ૕ળ⼏ 2009 ߩ㐿௅⁁ᴫ

- 43 -

(2) 㐿௅ౝኈ
٤ၮ⺞⻠Ṷ
⊒⴫⠪

࠼ࠗ࠷ ࠞ࡯࡞ࠬ࡞࡯ࠛᏒర౏࿦ዪ㐳 ࡎ࡞ࠬ࠻࡮ࠪࡘࡒ࠶࠻᳁

࠹࡯ࡑࠞ࡯࡞ࠬ࡞࡯ࠛᏒߦ߅ߌࠆࡆࠝ࠻࡯ࡊ࡮ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߩขࠅ⚵ߺ40 ᐕ㑆ߦࠊߚࠅⴕ᡽‫ޔ‬Ꮢ᳃‫ޔ‬ડᬺߩදജߦࠃࠅⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚࠞ࡯࡞ࠬ࡞࡯

ౝኈࠛᏒߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ࿯࿾೑↪ߩߚ߼ߩࡆࠝ࠻࡯ࡊߩࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢൻߩขࠅ⚵
ߺߦߟ޿ߡ

٤ಽ⑼ળ
̆ಽ⑼ળ A‫ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ߥ↢ᘒ♽ߩ଻ో࡮ౣ↢ߦࠃࠆ⥄ὼ⾗↥ߩଔ୯ߩഃ಴‫̆ޤ࠻࠶࠲ࡆࡂޣޠ‬㧔ࡈࠔࠪ࡝࠹࡯࠲࡯㧦⽷࿅ᴺੱᣣᧄ↢ᘒ♽දળ ੐ോዪ㐳 㑐ஜᔒ᳁㧕
⥄ᴦ૕ฬ

ජ⪲⋵

࠹࡯ࡑ

ౝኈ

ᄱ㓈Ꮉᵹၞߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ ᄱ㓈Ꮉᵹၞࠍ৻૕⊛ߦߣࠄ߃ߡታᣉߒߡ޿
᭽ᕈ଻ోౣ↢੐ᬺࠆ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ో࡮ౣ↢੐ᬺߦߟ޿ߡ
✛ߩ଻ో‫ޔ‬ഃ಴ߦ߻ߌߚ⺃ዉߣⷙ೙ߩᒝൻ߿‫ޔ‬᧲੩ㇺ✛ߩ᧲੩ 10 ᐕࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ ㇺ᳃࡮ડᬺ࡮ⴕ᡽߇৻૕ߣߥߞߚࡂࡆ࠲࠶࠻
ߩഃ಴‫ߩ࡯࠼࡝ࠦޔ‬లታߦߟ޿ߡ
᭽‫ⴕߥޘ‬᡽ᣉ╷‫⋵ޔ‬᳃ߩ↢ᵴ‫ޔ‬ડᬺᵴേ߇ᄙṑ⾐⋵

ṑ⾐⋵ࡆࠝ࠻࡯ࡊࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ ᭽ߥ↢ᘒ♽ߩ଻ో࡮ౣ↢ߣ޿߁⺖㗴ߦ㑐ଥߒ࡯ࠢ᭴ᗐߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ߰߹߃ߚ‫ޟ‬ṑ⾐⋵ࡆࠝ࠻࡯ࡊࡀ
࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ᭴ᗐ‫ߡ޿ߟߦޠ‬࡜ࡓࠨ࡯࡞᧦⚂Ḩ࿾‫⭢ޟ‬ᩙᄢፒᏒᴧ࡮๟ㄝ᳓↰‫ޠ‬࿾ၞߢߩข⚵㧙↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠍ⢒߻ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥㄘᬺߣ࿾ၞ

ⅣႺ଻ోߦ㈩ᘦߒߟߟ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞߩᵴᕈൻࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚ⥄ὼ౒↢ߩข⚵‫ޔ‬‫ߩޠ߷ࠎߚߕߺࠁ߰ޟ‬ข⚵╬ߦߟ޿ߡ
ᄢⷙᮨߥቛ࿾㐿⊒ࠍᄌᦝߒ‫⼱ޔ‬ᵤ↰ࠍᓳᵴߐ㊁↰Ꮢ⥄ὼߣ౒↢ߔࠆ࿾ၞߠߊࠅ

ߖ‫ޔ‬㓞ធߔࠆ೑ᩮㆇᴡࠍਛᔃߣߒߚࠛࠦࡠࠫ
ࠞ࡞ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ૞ࠅ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ- 44 -

̆ಽ⑼ળ B‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ో࡮ౣ↢‫ޣޠ‬ㅪ៤‫̆ޤ‬㧔ࡈࠔࠪ࡝࠹࡯࠲࡯㧦COP10 ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળ ࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠩ࡯ 㚅ဈ⃍㧕
⥄ᴦ૕ฬ

࠹࡯ࡑ

␹ᚭᏒ

ቇᩞࡆࠝ࠻࡯ࡊߠߊࠅߩផㅴ

ጟጊᏒౝኈੱߣ⥄ὼ߇౒↢ߔࠆⅣႺߠߊࠅߩ৻Ⅳߣߒߡߩቇᩞ╬ߩࡆࠝ࠻࡯ࡊᢛ஻ߦߟ޿ߡ

㊁↢↢‛ߩᏒ᳃ߦࠃࠆ⥄ਥ⊛ Ꮢ᳃ߦࠃࠆりㄭߥ㊁↢↢‛ߩ଻⼔ᵴേࠍᩭߣ
ߥ଻ోᵴേߒߚ‫ޟ‬りㄭߥ↢߈߽ߩߩ㉿‫ޠ‬೙ᐲ╬ߦߟ޿ߡᏒ᳃߇⥄ὼࠍቇ߮‫ޔ‬੤ᵹߔࠆ႐ᚲࠍ‫ޟ‬᫪ߩ㚞‫ޠ‬ጟፒᏒ᳓ߣߺߤࠅߩ᫪ߩ㚞ߣ૏⟎ߠߌߚⅣႺ଻ోᵴേ߿⥄ὼ૕㛎ࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ

⫱㇭Ꮢ৻⦡↸ᶏߩⅣႺ଻ోࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼‫ޔ‬๟ㄝ⥄ᴦ૕ߢㅪ៤
ਃᴡḧߦ߅ߌࠆᶏߩⅣႺቇ⠌ᐈ⼺↸ߒߡⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ૑᳃ߦኻߔࠆⅣႺቇ⠌ߦߟ޿ߡᏒ᳃ߣⴕ᡽߇ද௛ߒߡⴕߞߡ޿ࠆࠦ࠙ࡁ࠻

⼾ጟᏒࠦ࠙ࡁ࠻࡝ߩ㊁↢ᓳᏫ੐ᬺߩ ࡝߇᫮߻Ḩ࿾ߩ଻ో࡮ౣ↢ᵴേߣ‫ޔ‬Ḩ࿾ߩᕺข⚵╬ߺࠍᵴ↪ߒߚㄘᬺߦࠃࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ో
ߣ࿾ၞߩᵴᕈൻߩਔ┙ߦߟ޿ߡ٤ᗲ⍮⋵‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ోߦ㑐ߔࠆข⚵╬⚫੺⥄ᴦ૕ฬౝኈ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏㧔COP10㧕෸߮↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ࿖㓙⥄ᴦ૕ળᗲ⍮⋵⼏ߦ㑐ߔࠆ᭎⇛ߩ⺑᣿‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ో╬ߦߟ޿ߡߩᗲ⍮⋵ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ⁁ᴫߩ⺑᣿‫⥄ߜ޿޽ޔ‬ὼⅣႺ଻ోᚢ⇛㧔ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 3 ᦬╷ቯ㧕ߩౝኈ⚫੺↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߥߏ߿ᚢ⇛㧔ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ 3 ᦬╷ቯ੍ቯ㧕ߩ߹ߜߠߊࠅ߿ߊࠄߒߠ

ฬฎደᏒߊࠅ‫ߦࠅߊߠߣ߭ޔ‬㑐ߔࠆ੐ᬺߩᣇะᕈߩ⺑᣿ߣ‫ޔ‬‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ࿖㓙⥄ᴦ૕ળ⼏‫ߦޠ‬ะߌ‫ޔ‬వዉ⊛ߥᓎഀࠍᜂ߁਎⇇ߩㇺᏒ߿࿖㓙ᯏ㑐ߩ⃻ᴫߥߤࠍ⚫੺- 45 -

٤ળ⼏✚᜝ ౝኈ㧧COP10 ߣ૬ߖߡ㐿௅੍ቯߩ‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ࿖㓙⥄ᴦ૕ળ⼏‫ߦޠ‬ะߌ‫⥄ޔ‬ᴦ૕߇↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ో࡮ౣ↢ߦ㑐ߔࠆᣉ╷ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ߊ߁߃ߢ‫ޔ‬એਅߩὐ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߎ
ߣࠍ⏕⹺ߒߚ‫ޕ‬٨‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫✚߁޿ߣޠ‬ว⊛ߥⷞὐ٨‫ޟ‬㉿ጊᢥൻ‫߁޿ߣޠ‬ᓴⅣߣ౒↢ߩ⍮ᕺ٨ᴡᎹߩ਄ᵹߣਅᵹߩㅪ៤

٨ᵹㅢ࡮ᶖ⾌ߩ޽ࠅᣇߩᡷༀ

٨Ꮢ᳃࡮੐ᬺ⠪ߣߩද௛෸߮⥄ᴦ૕⋧੕ߩ⚻㛎੤ᵹ࡮ᖱႎ౒᦭

(3) ᣂ⡞ឝタ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ⥄ᴦ૕ળ⼏ 2009 ߦߟ޿ߡߩឝタ⸥੐ࠍએਅߦᷝઃߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧨Ფᣣᣂ⡞㧪

- 46 -

㧨ᣣᧄ⚻ᷣᣂ⡞㧪               㧨⺒ᄁᣂ⡞㧪㧨ᦺᣣᣂ⡞㧪               㧨ਛᣣᣂ⡞㧪

- 47 -

㧞㧚⥄ᴦ૕߆ࠄߺߚ‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ޠ‬㧔㧔⽷㧕ฬฎደㇺᏒ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ਥ௅ ౏㐿ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ㧕(1) 㐿௅᭎ⷐ㐿௅ᣣᤨ㐿௅႐ᚲ

ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 14 ᣣ㧔࿯㧕13:15㨪16:45
㧔⽷㧕ฬฎደㇺᏒ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ᄢ⎇ୃቶ㧔ฬฎደᏒਛ඙㊄ጊ↸৻ৼ⋡㧝⇟㧝ภ ㊄ጊධࡆ࡞ 11 㓏㧕ਥ௅⠪㧔⽷㧕ฬฎደㇺᏒ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯

ᓟេฬฎደᏒ┙ᄢቇ

ㅪ៤දജ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬
ߥߏ߿ⅣႺᄢቇታⴕᆔຬળ

 

 
౮⌀ 2-1 ⥄ᴦ૕߆ࠄߺߚ‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ߩޠ‬㐿௅⁁ᴫ

- 48 -

(2) 㐿௅ౝኈ ࡆࠝ࠻࡯ࡊ߿✛࿾ߩⓍᭂ⊛ߥᢛ஻ߢ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ࠼ࠗ࠷࡮ࠞ࡯࡞ࠬ࡞࡯ࠛᏒࠍߪߓ߼‫ޟޔ‬ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ߦޠ‬㑐ࠊࠆవㅴ⊛ߥขࠅ⚵ߺ੐଀╬߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬

٤ၮ⺞⻠Ṷ
⊒⴫⠪
࠹࡯ࡑ

࠼ࠗ࠷ ࠞ࡯࡞ࠬ࡞࡯ࠛᏒర౏࿦ዪ㐳 ࡎ࡞ࠬ࠻࡮ࠪࡘࡒ࠶࠻᳁
ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ 㨪ࠞ࡯࡞ࠬ࡞࡯ࠛᏒߦ߅ߌࠆࡆࠝ࠻࡯ࡊࡀ࠶࠻
ࡢ࡯ࠢߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㨪٤ࡄࡀ࡞࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ
࠹࡯ࡑ⥄ᴦ૕߆ࠄߺߚ‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ޠ‬ࡄࡀ࡝ࠬ࠻ฬฎደᏒ‫ޔ‬ජ⪲⋵‫␹ޔ‬ᚭᏒߩ⥄ᴦ૕⡯ຬࠦ࡯࠺ࠖࡀ࡯࠲࡯

ㇺᏒ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯․೎⎇ⓥຬ 㚅ဈ ⃍- 49 -

㧟㧚ડᬺ࡮ᄢቇ߆ࠄߺߚ‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ޠ‬㧔㧔⽷㧕ฬฎደㇺᏒ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ਥ௅ ౏㐿ࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ㧕(1) 㐿௅᭎ⷐ㐿௅ᣣᤨ㐿௅႐ᚲ

ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 21 ᣣ㧔ᧁ㧕14:30㨪17:00
㧔⽷㧕ฬฎደㇺᏒ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ᄢ⎇ୃቶ㧔ฬฎደᏒਛ඙㊄ጊ↸৻ৼ⋡㧝⇟㧝ภ ㊄ጊධࡆ࡞ 11 㓏㧕ਥ௅⠪㧔⽷㧕ฬฎደㇺᏒ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯

ᓟេฬฎደᏒ┙ᄢቇ

ㅪ៤දജ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏ᡰេታⴕᆔຬળ‫ޔ‬
ߥߏ߿ⅣႺᄢቇታⴕᆔຬળ 

౮⌀ 3-1 ડᬺ࡮ᄢቇ߆ࠄߺߚ‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ߩޠ‬㐿௅⁁ᴫ

- 50 -

(2) 㐿௅ౝኈ
٤⻠Ṷ
̆⻠ṶԘ̆
⊒⴫⠪

ᨋ Ꮧ৻㇢ ᳁㧔ฬฎደᄢቇࠛࠦ࠻ࡇࠕ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᚲᢎ᝼㧕࠹࡯ࡑ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣㇺᏒᵴേ࡮એਅߩὐ߇ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ⺖㗴ߢ޽ࠆߣߒߡ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ 㧙ㇺᏒᵴേߪㇺᏒၞᄖߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ߿↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦᄢ߈ߊଐሽߒߡ

ਥߥౝኈ޿ࠆ‫ࠍࠇߎߪߕ߹ޕ‬ᛠីߔࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ଐሽߩ⃻⁁ߩนⷞൻ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬ 㧙ၞᄖଐሽߦࠃࠆⅣႺ⽶⩄ࠍᷫࠄߔㇺᏒౝߩദജ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬㓸⚂ߦࠃࠆല₸ൻ߿࿾↥࿾ᶖߦࠃࠆࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ൻߥߤ‫ޕ‬ 㧙ㇺᏒၞᄖ߆ࠄឭଏߐࠇࠆ↢ᘒ♽ࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߩ⛽ᜬ߳ߩදജ߇ᔅⷐ‫ޕ‬

̆⻠Ṷԙ̆
⊒⴫⠪

㎨↰ ⏴ੱ ᳁㧔ᓼፉᄢቇᄢቇ㒮࠰ࠪࠝ࠹ࠢࡁࠨࠗࠛࡦࠬ⎇ⓥㇱ ᢎ᝼㧕࠹࡯ࡑㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ̆ቇߩ┙႐߆ࠄ̆࡮ㇺᏒߦขࠅ࿐߹ࠇࠆ㉿ጊߦ߅ߌࠆ↢ᘒࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢߩഠൻ߿‫ޔ‬ㇺᏒㄭ㇠
ߩⓄ⼱㧔ᄢ㒋ᐭ’ᣇᏒ㧕ߦ߅ߌࠆ૑᳃ߦࠃࠆ㉿ጊ▤ℂߩขࠅ⚵ߺߦߟ޿ਥߥౝኈߡႎ๔߇ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬࡮࠙࡞ࡆࠝ*㧔URBIO㧧Urban Biodiversity and Design㧛ㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ࠺ࠩࠗࡦ㧕ߩ᭎ⷐߣ‫ᧄޔ‬ᐕ 5 ᦬ߦ㐿௅ߐࠇࠆ࠙࡞ࡆࠝ 2010ߦߟ޿ߡ⚫੺ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬*࠙࡞ࡆࠝߣߪ‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕ 3 ᦬‫ߢࡃ࠴࡝ࠢߩ࡞ࠫ࡜ࡉޔ‬㐿௅ߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ㧦2010 ᐕ⋡ᮡߩ㆐ᚑ‫ޠ‬ߦ㑐ߔࠆળ⼏ߣ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᚑᨐ‫ࡃ࠴࡝ࠢޟ‬ት⸒‫ࠍޠ‬ฃߌ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂ߩㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆታᣉߦะߌߚ⑼ቇ⊛ታ〣ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴ࠍቇⴚ⊛ߦᬌ⸛ߔࠆߚ߼ߦᒻᚑߐࠇߚ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇ⠪࡮⸘↹┙᩺⠪╬߆ࠄߥࠆ࿖㓙ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ
ࠍ޿߁‫ޕ‬- 51 -

̆⻠ṶԚ̆⊒⴫⠪࠹࡯ࡑ㇊㗇 ቞ ᳁
㧔ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳㧔ᩣ㧕ᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲ ࿾⃿ⅣႺᛛⴚ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ ㇺᏒ✛ൻࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ㐳㧕ડᬺߣㇺᏒߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ ડᬺ✛࿾ߩല↪
࡮ડᬺߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩേะߣ⺖㗴‫ޔ‬ㇺᔃߩડᬺ✛࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈౣ↢‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ⻠Ṷ߇ߥߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬࡮↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈౣ↢੐଀ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޟ‬ౣ↢ߩ᧡ࡆࠝ࠻࡯ࡊ‫ޠ‬㧔ో૕㕙Ⓧ 2,000 ট‫ޕ‬1,000 টⷙᮨߩࡆࠝ࠻࡯ࡊߩㇺᔃߢߩታ⸽࠺࡯࠲
ߪ߶ߣࠎߤߥ޿‫ޕ‬㧕߇⚫੺ߐࠇ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ోലᨐࠍએਅߦ␜ߔ✚วਥߥౝኈ⊛ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄ⹏ଔࠍߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ 㧙ᜰᮡ↢‛ߦࠃࠆⅣႺᒻ⁁⁁ᘒߩ⹏ଔ 㧙ࡅ࡯࠻ࠕࠗ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ✭๺ 㧙✛࿾ⴕേߩᔃℂ↢ℂ⊛ലᨐ 㧙ࡆࠝ࠻࡯ࡊߩⅣႺᢎ⢒೑↪ലᨐ

̆⻠Ṷԛ̆
⊒⴫⠪

੗਄ ᔘ૫ ᳁㧔㧔ᩣ㧕ഃᑪ Ᏹછᛛⴚ㘈໧㧕࠹࡯ࡑડᬺߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ
࡮↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᑪ⸳ࠦࡦࠨ࡞࠲ࡦ࠻ᬺോߩ⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴╬ߦߟ޿ߡ⻠Ṷߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ਥⷐߥ⺖㗴ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣢሽߩ᭎⇛࠺࡯࠲ࠍᵴ↪ߒߚ૞ᬺ߇ᄙ

ਥߥౝኈ޿⃻⁁ࠍ〯߹߃‫౏ޔ‬㐿ߐࠇߚ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬᢛ஻㧔Ꮧዋ⒳ኒṪ߳ߩ㈩ᘦ߽
ᔅⷐ㧕╬߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣᜰ៰ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬࡮ߘߩઁ‫ޔ‬SEGES ߩ᭎ⷐߦߟ޿ߡႎ๔ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬٤ࡄࡀ࡞࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶࡚ࠪࡦ
࠹࡯ࡑડᬺ࡮ᄢቇ߆ࠄߺߚ‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ‫ޠ‬ࡄࡀ࡝ࠬ࠻㎨↰⏴ੱ᳁‫ޔ‬㇊㗇቞᳁‫ޔ‬੗਄ᔘ૫᳁

ࠦ࡯࠺ࠖࡀ࡯࠲࡯

ㇺᏒ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯․೎⎇ⓥຬ 㚅ဈ ⃍٨ฦㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆቛ࿾ൻ㧛㐿⊒ߩ⃻⁁٨ࠝࡈ࠮࠶࠻ߦߟ޿ߡߩ੹ᓟߩዷ㐿ߩน⢻ᕈਥߥ⼏㗴٨↥ᬺ⇇ߣᄢቇߩ੹ᓟߩዷ㐿ߩน⢻ᕈ٨࠙࡞ࡆࠝ 2010 ߦะߌߡߩᗧ⷗
٨࠙࡞ࡆࠝ 2010 ߦะߌߡߩ᳿ᗧ ╬- 52 -ઃ㍳㧞㧦ડᬺߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ోߩขࠅ⚵ߺ㧝㧚↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣ᳃㑆ෳ↹ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆ࿖ౝᄖߩേ߈
ㄭᐕ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ో෸߮ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪ߩ⏕଻ߦⓍᭂ⊛ߦขࠅ⚵߻᳃㑆੐ᬺ⠪߇Ⴧടߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޟߚߒ߁ߎޕ‬᳃㑆੐ᬺ⠪ߦ߅ߌࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ో߿ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪ߩ⏕଻‫ߦޠ‬ᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߚ࿖ౝᄖߩਥߥേ߈ࠍએਅߦᢛℂߔࠆ‫ޕ‬Ԙ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 8 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏㧔COP8㧕ߢߩ᳃㑆ෳ↹᳿⼏
ᐔᚑ 18 ᐕࡉ࡜ࠫ࡞ߢ㐿௅ߐࠇߚ COP8 ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ೋ߼ߡ᳃㑆੐ᬺ⠪ߩෳ↹ߩ㊀ⷐᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ᳿⼏߇ណᛯߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬᳿⼏ߢߪ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ᳃㑆੐ᬺ⠪ߩෳ↹ߩㆃࠇࠍᜰ៰ߒߟߟ‫ޔ‬᳃㑆੐ᬺ⠪߇ᨐߚߒᓧࠆ⽸₂߳ߩᦼᓙߣߒߡએਅߩὐ߇ㅀߴࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬٤↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ജࠍᜬߟ᳃㑆੐ᬺ⠪߇ᮨ▸⊛ߥታ〣ࠍណᛯ࡮ଦㅴߒߡ޿ߊߎ
ߣߪ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ៊ᄬ㒐ᱛߦ⋧ᒰߥ⽸₂߇ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ
٤᡽ᴦ෸߮਎⺰ߦኻߔࠆᓇ㗀ജ߇ᄢ߈޿᳃㑆੐ᬺ⠪ߪ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ోߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪ࠍᐢ߼ࠆ㎛ߣߥࠆߎߣ
٤↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⍮⼂࡮ᛛⴚߩ⫾Ⓧ෸߮ࠃࠅో⥸⊛ߥࡑࡀ࡯ࠫࡔࡦ࠻࡮⎇ⓥ㐿⊒࡮ࠦࡒࡘ࠾ࠤ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ⢻ജ߇᳃㑆੐ᬺ⠪ߦߪ޽ࠅ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ోߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪ߩታ〣㕙ߢߩᵴべ߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆߎߣ ╬㧔ෳ⠨㧕ⅣႺ⋭ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ㧔2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 27 ᣣ⃻࿷㧕‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈડᬺᵴേࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦᬌ⸛ળ ╙㧠࿁ળว‫ޠ‬㈩Ꮣ⾗ᢱ
http://www.biodic.go.jp/biodiversity/bbgl/20-4/ԙ╙ਃᰴ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ࿖ኅᚢ⇛࡮↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈၮᧄᴺ ╙ਃᰴ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ࿖ኅᚢ⇛㧔ᐔᚑ 19 ᐕ 11 ᦬㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ડᬺ╬ߩ੐ᬺ⠪߇᭽‫ߥޘ‬႐㕙ߢ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ోߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪ࠍ␠ળ⚻ᷣ⊛ߥ઀⚵ߺߩਛߦ⚵ߺㄟࠎߢ޿ߊ਄ߢ㊀ⷐߥᓎഀࠍᜂߞߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁⹺⼂ߩ߽ߣ‫ޔ‬ડᬺߩ⥄ਥ⊛ߥᵴേߩᜰ㊎ߣߥࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈડᬺᵴേࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦࠍ╷ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ 20 ᐕ 6 ᦬ߦᣉⴕߐࠇߚ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈၮᧄᴺߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ⠪ߩ⽿ോ߇ⷙቯߐ
ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬- 53 -

ԚⅣႺ⋭↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᳃㑆ෳ↹ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߩ╷ቯ ⅣႺ⋭ߪᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 20 ᣣ‫╙ޔ‬ਃᰴ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ࿖ኅᚢ⇛ߦၮߠ߈‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ⠪߇↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ోߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪ߩߚ߼ߩᵴേࠍ⥄ਥ⊛ߦⴕ߁㓙ߩᜰ㊎ߣߥࠆ‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ᳃㑆ෳ↹ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ‫ޕߚ߼ߣ߹ࠅߣࠍޠ‬ ᧄࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߪ‫╙ޟޔ‬Σ✬ ⃻⁁⹺⼂ߩ౒᦭‫╙ޟޔޠ‬Τ✬ ᜰ㊎‫ޟޔޠ‬ෳ⠨✬ ታ〣ߩߚ߼ߩࡅࡦ࠻‫ࠄ߆ޠ‬᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫╙ޕ‬Σ✬ߢߪ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ㊀ⷐᕈ߿੐ᬺ⠪ߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߣߩ㑐ࠊࠅ╬ߦߟ޿ߡ⺑᣿‫╙ޔ‬Τ✬ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺߩᜰ㊎‫ޔ‬⠨߃ᣇ╬ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍឭଏ‫ޔ‬ෳ⠨✬ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺࠍታᣉߔࠆ㓙ߩෳ⠨ߦߥࠆࠃ߁ߥౕ૕⊛ߥ੐଀߿‫ޔ‬੐ᬺ⠪ߩᵴേߩ႐㕙೎ߩขࠅ⚵ߺ╬ߩᖱႎࠍឝタߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԛ᳃㑆࠮ࠢ࠲࡯ߦ߅ߌࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ╬ߩ╷ቯ ㄭᐕߩ᳃㑆࠮ࠢ࠲࡯ߦ߅ߌࠆࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ╬ߩ╷ቯ੐଀ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ⚻ᷣ࿅૕ㅪวળߩ
‫ޟ‬ᣣᧄ⚻࿅ㅪ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈት⸒‫ޠ‬㧔ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 3 ᦬౏⴫㧕߇᜼ߍࠄࠇࠆ‫‛↢ޕ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ోߩት
⸒ߣ‫ⴕߩ߼ߚߩߘޔ‬േᜰ㊎߆ࠄߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ት⸒෸߮ⴕേᜰ㊎ߪ੹ᓟ‫ޔ‬ㅴ᝞⁁ᴫࠍᛠីߔࠆߣߣ
߽ߦᔅⷐߦᔕߓߡᡷༀࠍ࿑ߞߡ޿ߊߎߣߣߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᄢᚻડᬺ߿ᬺ⇇࿅૕ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆᨒ⚵ߺߢ޽ࠆߚ߼‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩേะ߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 4 ᦬ߦߪ‫ޔ‬ṑ⾐⋵ౝߦ੐ᬺၮ⋚ࠍᜬߟડᬺ߇ෳ↹ߔࠆṑ⾐⚻ᷣห෹ળ߇‫ޔ‬↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ోߪડᬺߩ⽿ോߢ޽ࠆߣߔࠆ‫ޟ‬ℚℛḓ޿߈߽ߩࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉት⸒‫౏ࠍޠ‬⴫ߒߚ‫ޕ‬หት⸒ߢߪ‫‛↢ޟޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ో‫ࠍޠ‬㊀ⷐߥ⚻༡⺖㗴ߣᝒ߃‫⚻ޔ‬༡⠪⥄ࠄ߇వ㗡ߦ┙ߜ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ో╬ߦ⾗ߔࠆડᬺᵴേࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ߊߎߣࠍ߁ߚߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ߶߆‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ోߣᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪ߩታ⃻ߦขࠅ⚵߻ᣣᧄડᬺߩ㓸߹ࠅߣߒߡᐔᚑ 20 ᐕ 4 ᦬ߦ⊒⿷ߒߚ‫ޟ‬ડᬺߣ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹ࠖࡉ㧔JBIB㧕‫ޕࠆ޽߇╬ޠ‬- 54 -

㧞㧚ડᬺߩขࠅ⚵ߺ੐଀ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆડᬺߩ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ోߩขࠅ⚵ߺ੐଀ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬‫╙ޟ‬㧝࿁ ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ ᣣᧄࠕࡢ࡯࠼㧔࿖ౝ⾨㧕‫ߩ*ޠ‬ఝ⑲⾨ฃ⾨⠪ߩਛ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㣮ፉᑪ⸳ᩣᑼળ␠‫ޔ‬Ⓧ᳓ࡂ࠙ࠬᩣᑼળ␠ࠍ
ขࠅ਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬ട߃ߡ‫↢ޔ‬ᘒ♽ߦ㈩ᘦߒߚᑪ⸳੐ᬺߦขࠅ⚵߻ߣߣ߽ߦ‫ߩ࡞ࡆ␠⥄ޔ‬ደ਄╬ߦ߅޿ߡࡆ
ࠝ࠻࡯ࡊࠍᢛ஻ߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ലᨐ⸘᷹╬ߦ߽ขࠅ⚵߻ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳ᩣᑼળ␠ߩ੐଀ࠍขࠅ਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬*↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ ᣣᧄࠕࡢ࡯࠼㧔࿖ౝ⾨㧕ߦߟ޿ߡᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 6 ᦬‫ޔ‬㧔⽷㧕ࠗࠝࡦⅣႺ⽷࿅ߣⅣႺ⋭ߪ‫ޔ‬2010 ᐕߦᗲ⍮⋵ฬฎደᏒߢ㐿௅ߐࠇࠆ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂╙ 10 ࿁✦⚂࿖ળ⼏㧔COP10㧕ߦะߌߡ‫‛↢ޟޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ో‫ޠ‬෸߮‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ೑↪‫ࠍޠ‬ផㅴߔࠆߚ߼‫‛↢ޟޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ ᣣᧄࠕࡢ࡯࠼㧔࿖ౝ⾨㧕‫ࠍޠ‬ഃ⸳ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 9 ᦬‫╙ޔ‬㧝࿁⋡ߣߥࠆ‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ ᣣᧄࠕࡢ࡯࠼㧔࿖ౝ⾨㧕‫ߩޠ‬ఝ⑲⾨ 8 ઙࠍ᳿ቯߒߚ‫ޕ‬ఝ⑲⾨ߩਛ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬‫ޟ‬࿾ၞડᬺߣߩද௛ߦࠃࠆ⼱ᵤ↰ߩ଻ో‫ޠ‬㧔ታᣉਥ૕⠪㧦NPO ᴺੱ ࠕࠨࠩၮ㊄‫⩵⊕ޔ‬㈬ㅧᩣᑼળ␠‫ޔ‬ᩣᑼળ␠ ↰ਛ㈬ㅧᐫ㧕߇ࠣ࡜ࡦࡊ࡝ࠍฃ⾨ߒߚ‫ޕ‬੐଀Ԙ㧦㣮ፉᑪ⸳ᩣᑼળ␠
2005 ᐕߦᬺ⇇ೋߣߥࠆ‫ޟ‬㣮ፉ↢ᘒ♽଻ోⴕേᜰ㊎‫╷ࠍޠ‬ቯ‫ޕ‬2008 ᐕߦߪ╙ 9࿁↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ᧦⚂✦⚂࿖ળ⼏㧔COP9㧕ߢ‫‛↢ߣࠬࡀࠫࡆޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈࠗ࠾ࠪࠕ࠹
᭎ⷐࠖࡉ‫ߦޠ‬ෳടߒ࡝࡯࠳࡯ࠪ࠶ࡊት⸒ࠍⴕ߁ߥߤ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߣᑪ⸳੐ᬺߩ౒↢ߦ₸వߒߡขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫⹏ޠࠢ࡯ࡢ࠻࠶ࡀ࡞ࠞࠫࡠࠦࠛޟ‬ଔᛛⴚࠍߪߓ߼ߣߒߚ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ߳ߩ✚ว⊛ߥขࠅ⚵ߺ߇‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ ᣣᧄࠕࡢ࡯࠼㧔࿖ౝ⾨㧕‫ޠ‬ఝ⑲⾨ฃ⾨ߦ⚿߮ߟ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬٨‫⹏ޠࠢ࡯ࡢ࠻࠶ࡀ࡞ࠞࠫࡠࠦࠛޟ‬ଔᛛⴚ㧔⁛┙ⴕ᡽ᴺੱㇺᏒౣ↢ᯏ᭴‫⽷ޔ‬࿅ᴺੱㇺᏒ✛ൻᛛⴚ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴ߣߩ౒ห㐿⊒㧕࡮ᜰᮡ↢‛ߣ↢ᕷ╬ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆቯ㊂⊛᧦ઙࠍ⸳ቯߒ‫✛ޔ‬࿾ߩ⃻⁁߿዁᧪ࠪ࠽࡝
ࠝࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬࿾ၞ↢ᘒ♽ߦ㈩ᘦߒߚㇺᏒ㐿⊒ࠍᡰេߔࠆᛛⴚ‫ޕ‬࡮ᒰ⹥ขࠅ⚵ߺߢߪㇺᏒၞߢ↢ᕷน⢻ߢ޽ࠅ৻⥸Ꮢ᳃ߦ߽⹺⍮ᐲߩ㜞޿㠽㘃࡮ਥߥࠦࠥ࡜ࠍᜰᮡ↢‛ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ขࠅ⚵ߺ࿑ ⹏ଔ⚿ᨐ੐଀㧔㣮ፉᑪ⸳(ᩣ)ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕㧔ෳ⠨㧕㣮ፉᑪ⸳(ᩣ)ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ㧔2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 27 ᣣ⃻࿷㧕‫ޟ‬㣮ፉߩข⚵ߺ߇╙ 1 ࿁‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ ᣣᧄࠕࡢ࡯࠼‫ޠ‬ఝ⑲⾨ࠍฃ⾨‫ޠ‬
http://www.kajima.co.jp/news/press/200910/8e1-j.htm- 55 -

੐଀ԙ㧦Ⓧ᳓ࡂ࠙ࠬᩣᑼળ␠
2001 ᐕࠃࠅᐸ߿ⴝ〝ߦ⥄↢⒳߿࿷᧪⒳ߩ᮸ᧁࠍᬀᩱߔࠆ‫ޟ‬5 ᧄߩ᮸‫ߣޠ‬ฬઃߌߚ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㈩ᘦߒߚㅧ࿦✛ൻ੐ᬺࠍផㅴ‫ޕ‬2007 ᐕ߆ࠄߪ⛘Ṍෂᗋ᮸⒳᭎ⷐߩណ↪࿁ㆱߥߤ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ోࠍ฽߻ 10 ߩ⺞㆐ᜰ㊎߆ࠄߥࠆ‫⺞᧚ᧁޟ‬㆐ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ‫⸳ࠍޠ‬ቯߒ‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ෸߮↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߦ㈩ᘦߒߚᧁ᧚ߩ⺞㆐ࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ోࠍ฽߻ 10 ߩ⺞㆐ᜰ㊎‫‛↢ޟ߇ޠ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ ᣣᧄࠕࡢ࡯࠼㧔࿖ౝ⾨㧕‫ޠ‬ఝ⑲⾨ฃ⾨ߦ⚿߮ߟ޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬٨↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈ଻ోࠍ฽߻ 10 ߩ⺞㆐ᜰ㊎࡮ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥᧁ᧚೑↪ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߚ߼‫⾰ᧁޔ‬ᑪ᧚ࠍขࠅᛒߞߡ޿ࠆਥⷐขᒁ
వ⚂ 60 ␠ߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ฦ⒳⸳஻߿ㇱ᧚ߢ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ᮸⒳߿ේ↥࿾‫ޔ‬วᴺᕈߥ
ߤߦߟ޿ߡߩ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒ‫⚿ߩߘޔ‬ᨐࠍၮߦ 2007 ᐕ 4 ᦬ߦ⁛⥄ߩ‫⺞᧚ᧁޟ‬㆐ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ‫╷ࠍޠ‬ቯ‫ޕ‬࡮ᧁ᧚⺞㆐ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦߦߪ 10 ߩ⺞㆐ᜰ㊎߇೙ቯߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬ਛߦ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ଻ో߳ߩ㈩ᘦ߇฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⺞ޔઁߩߎޕ‬㆐ᧁ᧚ߩวᴺᕈ╬ߩᜰ㊎߽⸳ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮⺞㆐ᜰ㊎ߏߣߩ⹏ଔὐߩว⸘ߢᧁ᧚ࠍ S‫ޔ‬A‫ޔ‬B‫ޔ‬C ߩ 4 ߟߩ⺞㆐࡜ࡦࠢߦ
ಽ㘃ߒ‫⹏ޔ‬ଔ߇ૐ޿ C ࡜ࡦࠢߩᧁ᧚ࠍᷫࠄߒ‫⹏ޔ‬ଔߩ㜞޿ S ࡜ࡦࠢߩᧁ᧚
ࠍჇ߿ߔᣇะߢࡈࠚࠕ࠙࠶࠼⺞㆐ࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

ਥߥ
ขࠅ⚵ߺ

‫⺞᧚ᧁޟ‬㆐ࠟࠗ࠼࡜ࠗࡦ‫ ߩޠ‬10 ߩᜰ㊎1㆑ᴺબណߩน⢻ᕈ߇ૐ޿࿾ၞ߆ࠄ↥಴ߐࠇߚᧁ᧚

2

⾆㊀ߥ↢ᘒ♽߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࿾ၞએᄖ߆ࠄ↥಴ߐࠇߚᧁ᧚

3࿾ၞߩ↢ᘒ♽ࠍᄢ߈ߊ⎕უߔࠆ‫ޔ‬ᄤὼᨋߩᄢબណ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ
࿾ၞએᄖ߆ࠄ↥಴ߐࠇߚᧁ᧚

4⛘Ṍ߇ෂᗋߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ᮸⒳એᄖߩᧁ᧚

5ᶖ⾌࿾ߣߩ〒㔌߇ࠃࠅㄭ޿࿾ၞ߆ࠄ↥಴ߐࠇߚᧁ᧚

6ᧁ᧚ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⚗੎߿ኻ┙߇޽ࠆ࿾ၞએᄖ߆ࠄ↥಴ߐࠇߚᧁ᧚

7᫪ᨋߩ࿁ᓳㅦᐲࠍ⿥߃ߥ޿⸘↹⊛ߥબណ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ࿾ၞ߆ࠄ
↥಴ߐࠇߚᧁ᧚

8

࿖↥ᧁ᧚

9

⥄ὼ↢ᘒ♽ߩ଻ో߿ഃ಴ߦߟߥ߇ࠆࠃ߁ߥᣇᴺߦࠃࠅᬀᨋߐࠇߚ
ᧁ᧚

10ᧁᑄ᧚ࠍේᢱߣߒߚᧁ⾰ᑪ᧚㧔ෳ⠨㧕Ⓧ᳓ࡂ࠙ࠬ(ᩣ)ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ㧔2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 27 ᣣ⃻࿷㧕‫↢ޟ‬ᘒ♽଻ోߩขࠅ⚵ߺ‫ޠ‬http://www.sekisuihouse.co.jp/sustainable/2009/environment/nature/02.html
  ‫ޟ‬Ⓧ᳓ࡂ࠙ࠬ ࠾ࡘ࡯ࠬ࡟࠲࡯‫ޠ‬http://www.sekisuihouse.co.jp/company/newsobj1333.html- 56 -

੐଀Ԛ㧦ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳ᩣᑼળ␠
↢ᘒ♽ߦ㈩ᘦߒߚᑪ⸳੐ᬺߦขࠅ⚵߻ߣߣ߽ߦ‫⎇ߩ␠⥄ޔ‬ⓥᚲ╬ߦ߅޿ߡࡆࠝ
᭎ⷐ࠻࡯ࡊࠍᢛ஻ߒ‫ߩߘޔ‬ലᨐ⸘᷹╬ߦ߽ขࠅ⚵߻ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳ᩣᑼળ␠ߩ੐଀ࠍขࠅ
਄ߍࠆ٨ㇺᏒࠛࠦࡠࠫࠞ࡞ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ⹏ଔࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ
࡮੐ᬺ࿾ߣߘߩ๟ㄝߩ✛࿾߿↢‛ߩಽᏓࠍቯ㊂⊛ߦಽᨆߒ‫‛↢ޔ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈߩⷰὐ
߆ࠄ⾰ߩ㜞޿✛࿾߿ࡆࠝ࠻࡯ࡊߩ⸘↹ࠍᡰេߔࠆࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ‫ޕ‬χ࠴࡚࠙㘃ࠍ଀ߦߒߚ↢‛ᄙ᭽ᕈߩ੍᷹ࡑ࠶ࡊ㧔ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳(ᩣ)ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕

ਥߥ
ขࠅ⚵ߺ

٨ࡆࠝ࠻࡯ࡊታ⸽ታ㛎࡮ᄢㇺᏒߦ߅ߌࠆࡅ࡯࠻ࠕࠗ࡜ࡦ࠼⃻⽎ߩ✭๺‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ↢ᘒ♽ߩ࿁ᓳ࡮଻ోࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬2000 ᐕࠃࠅደ਄ࡆࠝ࠻࡯ࡊታ⸽ታ㛎ࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮ᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲߩᢝ࿾ਛᄩߦߪ⚂ 2,000m2 ߩ㕙Ⓧࠍ⹶ࠆࡆࠝ࠻࡯ࡊ㧔‫ޟ‬ౣ↢ߩ᧡‫ޠ‬ࡆࠝ࠻࡯ࡊ㧕ࠍᢛ஻ߒ‫⥄ޔ‬ὼ↢ᘒ♽ߩౣ↢‫⾗ޔ‬Ḯߩౣ↢‫↢ޔ‬ᵴⅣႺߩౣ↢╬ࠍታ⸽ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳ ᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲ‫ޟ‬ౣ↢ߩ᧡‫ࡊ࡯࠻ࠝࡆޠ‬㧔ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳(ᩣ)ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ㧕㧔ෳ⠨㧕ᷡ᳓ᑪ⸳(ᩣ)ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫ㧔2010 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 27 ᣣ⃻࿷㧕‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒࠛࠦࡠࠫࠞ࡞ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ⹏ଔࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ‫ޠ‬http://www.shimz.co.jp/tw/tech_sheet/rn0207/rn0207.html‫ޠࡊ࡯࠻ࠝࡆޟ‬http://www.shimz.co.jp/theme/sit/biotope.html- 57 -

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ਛญᲞඳ㧔1995㧕‫ޟ‬࿾ၞⅣႺ⸘↹ߩ⋡ᮡ⸳ቯߩߚ߼ߩ⾗Ḯ೑↪ஜోᐲᜰᮡߩ᭴▽-1970, 80,
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㘑⷗ᱜਃ,ේ⑼ᐘᒾ㧔2006㧕‫ޟ‬ㇺᏒߩⅣႺᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈᜰᮡ(ESI)ߩ㐿⊒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ-᧲੩ㇺࠍኻ⽎ߣߒߚࠤ࡯ࠬࠬ࠲࠺ࠖ‫ޠ‬ᣣᧄਇേ↥ቇળ⹹ Vol.20 No.1 pp.107-119ᄢጟ㦖ਃ,㗇ፒ⚐৻ઁ㧔2006㧕‫ޟ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥㇺᏒᒻᚑߩߚ߼ߩㇺᏒⅣႺ✚ว⹏ଔᜰᮡߩឭ᩺‫ޠ‬↢↥⎇ⓥ Vol.58 No.3 pp.328-331
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ᨋᏗ৻㇢✬⪺㧔2010㧕‫‛↢ޟ‬ᄙ᭽ᕈ࡮↢ᘒ♽ߣ⚻ᷣߩၮ␆⍮⼂‫ޠ‬ਛᄩᴺⷙ಴

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ᵈ⸥ᧄႎ๔ᦠߪ Ecological Research ߦᛩⓂਛߩ⺰ᢥ㧔2009 9/15 ฃઃ㧕"Developing Urban
Biodiversity Indicators: Applying the DPSIR model to the CBD̉s cities and biodiversity
processes" ߩᚑᨐߩ৻ㇱࠍ೑↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧄႎ๔ᦠߢߪ‫ޔ‬ฬฎደㇺᏒ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩᡰេߦട߃‫ޔ‬ฬฎደᏒ┙ᄢቇ⚻ᷣቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㒝ዻ⚻ᷣ⎇ⓥᚲߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߢߩᚑᨐ߽ᔕ↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⾗ߚ߹ޕ‬㊄ߢߪฬฎደᏒ┙ᄢቇ․೎⎇ⓥᅑബ⾌෸߮ᣣᧄቇⴚᝄ⥝ળߩ․ቯ࿖ᵷ㆜೙ᐲ㧔ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕࡈࠖࡦ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᵷ㆜ ㇺᏒᨋߩ⹏ଔ㧕ߩᡰេ߽޿ߚߛ޿ߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ฬฎደᏒߩ⡯ຬࠍߪߓ߼‫⻠ߢࡓ࠙ࠫࡐࡦࠪޔ‬Ṷ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ⻉వ↢‫ޔ‬㑐ଥ⠪ߦߪ⾆㊀ߥࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬႐ࠍ୫ࠅߡᓮ␞↳ߒ਄ߍࠆ‫ޕ‬- 67 -

平成21 年度 特別研究報告書
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