֐ࠅ‫ޢ‬ʤӵ‫ޢ‬ʥ͹൅࿫‫گ‬үΝԽֺ‫ޢݶ‬͹؏఼͖Δଌ͓ΖࢾΊAn Attempt to Study Foreign Language (English) Speech Educationfrom the Perspective of Musical Language੤ඎ ༺NISHIO Yo ຌߚͺ֐ࠅ‫ޢ‬ʤӵ‫ޢ‬ʥͲॽ͖Ηͪࢼͳ‫ۄ‬͹߻ҲͲ͍ΖԽֺ͹ߑଆΝཤ༽͢ͱɾࢼͲ͍Ζ֐ࠅ‫ޢ‬͹ࣙષ͵൅࿫ࢨ಍๑͹֋൅ΝๅࠄͤΖ΍͹Ͳ͍Ζɽ੤༺ԽֺΝߑ੔ͤΖঀགྷો͹͑ͬɾϓϪʖθߑଆΏӈཱͺɾͪΞͶͨ͹༽‫ޢ‬͹Ί͵Δͥɾ಼༲໚Ͳ΍‫ͳޢݶ‬͹‫ؖ‬࿊͗ືં͵৖߻͗ଡ͏ɽͨ͹ͪΌɾࢼͶ‫ͯ͗͜ۄ‬ΔΗͪͳ͘Ͷɾ‫ߺىͲޢݶ‬Կ͠Η͵͏Խ੢ద͵ཊ༴Ώ‫ک‬੐͵ʹ͗‫ک‬௒͠Ηͱ‫ݳ‬ΗΖ͞ͳ͍͗Ζɽ͞͹‫ܐؖ‬Νཤ༽͢ɾࣧජंͺ‫ޢݶ‬ΝʰԽֺదͶʱ࿫ͤ‫܉‬࿇ΝͤΖ͞ͳͶΓͮͱɾชқͶࣙષͶॊͮͪ൅࿫ָ͗स͠Η͑Ζ͹Ͳͺ͵͏͖ͳ͹ՀઈΝཱིͱɾͨ͹ࢨ಍๑Ν֋൅͢ɾ୉ָ͹ߪٝͲࣰભͪ͢ɽ This paper reports on the development of a method for teaching natural speech of foreign lyrics by using
the structure of music. A song is the union of music and lyric. Of the various elements that make up Westernmusic, phrase structure and prosody are often closely related to language not only in terms of their terminology
but also in terms of their content. Therefore, when lyrics are set to music, phonetic intonations and stresses
that are not encoded in language can be occasionally emphasized. Taking advantage of this relationship, theauthor hypothesized that by training students to speak a language "musically," they could learn to speak in away that naturally follows the meaning of the sentence.

Ϋʖϭʖχʁӵ‫ָޢ‬सɾԽֺɾཊ༴ɾӈཱɾϓϪʖθKey words: learning English, music, intonation, prosody, phrasȅɿ໲ୌ͹ॶࡑͳ‫ڂݜ‬͹๏๑ ֐ࠅ‫ָޢ‬स͹ঀ྘Ү͹͑ͬɾླྀைͲɾ͖ͯࣙષͶชқ͗ఽΚΖ൅࿫͹๏๑ͺɾช࣊৚ๅ͖Δָ΄͵͏͞ͳ͹ҲͯͲ͍Ζɽຌߚͺ‫ޢݶ‬Ͷ਄͏‫ܐؖ‬Ν࣍ͬɾԽ੢৚ๅͲ͍ΖԽֺ͹؏఼͖Δ઀ΕࠒΞͲͨ͹մ݀ΝਦΖࢨ಍๑Ν֋൅ͤΖ΍͹Ͳ͍Ζɽ ࣧජंͺԽֺ‫گ‬үͶ‫ܠ‬ΚΖ͵͖ͲɾԽֺ͹ԍ૙Ͷ͕͏ͱಋͣ໲ୌͶ͢ͻ͢ͻ௜໚ͤΖɽͤ͵Κͬɾͨ͞ͲͺֺොͶॽ͖Ηͪͳ͕Ε͹Խ͗ॽ͖Ηͪͳ͕Ε͹ν΢ϝϱήͲԍ૙͠Ηͱ͏ΖͶ΍߈ΚΔͥɾͨΗ͗Խֺ͹ߑଆΏқັΝಊదͶනड़͢ͱ͏͵͏ɽ͵ͧ͵ΔԽֺ͹ߑଆΏқັͺ‫ߺى‬͹ૌΊ߻Κ͖ͦΔԍ૙ं͗ಣΊմ͚΍͹Ͳ͍ΕɾͨΗࣙରͺ‫ى‬फ़͠Ηͱ͏͵͏͖ΔͲ͍Ζɽ͞ΗΔ͹‫ى‬फ़͠Η͵͏ʰߑଆʱͶͯ͏ͱͺԽֺཀྵ࿨ʤֺఱɾ࿪੢๑ɾଲҒ๑͵ʹʥͲઈ໎͠Η‫܉‬࿇΍͵͠ΗΖ͗ɾͨΗ͗ԍ૙๑΃ຍҌ͠ΗΖ෨෾ͺଲে֐͹ͪΌɾචͥ͢΍‫ݔ‬Ҍ͗մ݀ͤΖͳͺ‫ݸ‬Δ͵͏ɽ ࣧජंͺՐࢼͳԽֺ͹෈Ն෾͵‫ؖ‬ΚΕ͹ҲྭͶͯ͏ͱ໎Δ͖Ͷͪ͢ʤ੤ඎ 2020ʥɽ͞͞Ͳͺࢼ͹ߑଆ͗Խֺන‫ݳ‬ͶΆͳΞʹଲ౵Ͷ௜݃͢ͱ͏Ζ͞ͳΝɾԽָֺसଈ͹؏఼͖Δࢼʤ‫ޢݶ‬ʥΝࢂল͢͵͗Δৄ໎ͪ͢ɽֺො͖ΔಣΊखΕ઀Η͵͏ߑଆΏɾන‫࣎ݳ‬͹న઀͵ཊ༴౵͗ɾࢼ͹ช๑ద͵੔෾Ώߑଆ͖Δཀྵմ͠Η͑Ζɽ΍͢͞͹Γ͑Ͷ‫ͳޢݶ‬Խֺ͹‫͖ͯંື͗ܐؖ‬Ά·ଲ౵Ͳ͍Ζ͵Δɾ‫ٱ‬๏޴͹ߡ͓๏ɾͯΉΕ‫ָޢݶ‬सͶ͕͏ͱԽֺΝࢂলͤΖ๏๑΍੔ཱིͤΖͺͥͲ͍Ζɽͪͫ͢͞͹ͳ͘ɾࢼͳԽֺ͗ືંͶ‫ͤܐؖ‬ΖΓ͑Ͷࡠ‫ۄ‬ʤࡠࢼʥ͠Ηͪࡠ඾͹Ί͗ߡࡱ͹ଲেͳ͵Ζɽ ຌߚͲͺϓϪʖθߑଆͳӈཱͶͯ͏ͱ͹෾ੵΝ‫ڂݜ‬͹‫خ‬ຌͳ͢ͱ͏ΖɽϓϪʖθߑଆͳӈཱͺɾԽֺͳ‫ޢݶ‬Ͷ‫ڠ‬௪ͤΖགྷોͲ͍Εɾ෾ੵ͗༲ҝ͵͓͑ɾͨ͹ਜ਼͢͏ཀྵմͺԍ૙Ώ൅࿫Ͷ༙ްͶࡠ༽ͤΖɽ‫ڠ‬௪ͤΖགྷોͲ΍ɾͪͳ͓ͻ‫ޢݶ‬͹൅ԽΏԽֺ͹Խఖͺɾ฾‫ޢ‬࿫ं͖൳͖Ώԍ૙‫ܨ‬‫ݩ‬͹ଡՋ͹ҩ͏͵ʹͶΓͮͱ͕Εɾ؈ୱͶࠂෲͲ͘͵͏ͪΌɾঈ֐ͤΖɽ ຌߚͺ৏‫ى‬͹ՀઈͶ‫͘Ͱخ‬ɾϓϪʖθߑଆͳӈཱ͹ཀྵմͶ঱఼Νߞͮͪ֐ࠅ‫ޢ‬͹൅࿫ࢨ಍๑Ν֋൅ͤΖ΍͹Ͳ͍Ζɽࠕյͺ࠹΍ָस༑઎ౕ͹߶͏ӵ‫ޢ‬Νଲেͳ͢ɾҐԾ͹๏๑Ͳद‫ۂ‬Νࣰભͪ͢ɽxঘָߏͶ͕͜Ζӵ‫گޢ‬үͶ૮౲ͤΖਭ६͹؈ҝ͵Րࢼͳɾಋ͚ͣ͘ΚΌͱ؈ોͲୱ९͵ߑଆ͹‫͏༽͗ۄ‬ΔΗͱ͏ΖՐΝୌࡒͳͤΖɽx‫ۄ‬͹ߑଆͳࢼ͹ช๑ߑଆ͹‫ڠ‬௪఼Ν෾ੵͤΖɽx‫ۄ‬͹ԍ૙๑ͳࢼ͹൅࿫๑͗‫ڠ‬௪ͤΖ͖‫ͤৄݗ‬Ζɽx‫ۄ‬͹ԍ૙๑Ͷ‫͗͵͘Ͱخ‬ΔɾࢼΝ‫͖ۄ‬Δಢཱིͪ͢‫ޢݶ‬ʤࢽʥͳ͢ͱ൅࿫ͤΖ‫܉‬࿇ΝͤΖɽ ͵͕ɾຌ‫ڂݜ‬ͺָसްՎ͹‫ৄݗ‬ΉͲͺߨͮͱ͕Δͥɾࣰભ͹ๅࠄͶཻΉΖɽ̐ɿद‫ࣰۂ‬ભ ࢼɾ‫ͳۄ‬΍ͶϖϱϨʖʀέϪ΢ʀϭʖέʤHenry Clay Work 1832-84ʥͶΓΖʮ୉͘͵‫ ܯ࣎ݻ‬MyGrandfather’s ClockʯΝୌࡒͳͪ͢ɽમఈ͹ཀྵ༟ͺɾࢼ͹ช๑Ώ‫ޢ‬ኰ͗ฑҝͲ͍Ζ͞ͳɾ୯΍͗ҋොͲՐ͓Ζ‫͍Ͳۄ‬Ζ͞ͳɾ༃ࢼͶΓͮͱࢼ͹୉қ͗எΔΗͱ͏Ζ͞ͳɾࢼͳ‫ۄ‬ͶҲఈ͹‫ؖ‬࿊͗‫ݡ‬ΔΗΖ͞ͳɾԽ‫͗ݱ‬΢ϱνʖϋρφͲ୯Ͳ΍༲ҝͶ೘घͲ͘Ζ͞ͳͶΓΖɽ ଲেͺ‫ز‬෠୉ָ‫گ‬үָ෨Խֺ‫گ‬үߪ࠴͹ָਫ਼Ͳ͍Ζɽָਫ਼ΔͺԽֺΝ઒໵ͶָΞͲ͏ΖͪΌɾԽֺ͹༽‫ޢ‬Ώ֕೨͹‫خ‬ຌద͵ཀྵմͺ‫͕ͱ༙͢ڠ‬Εɾֺො͹ಣմΏՐ঑Ͷಝஊ͹໲ୌͺ͵͏ɽ ͞͹ୌࡒͶΓΖद‫ۂ‬ͺ 5 յࣰࢬͪ͢ɽ֦յͳ΍Ͷɾद‫಼ۂ‬͹ 30ʛ40 ෾ఖౕΝ͞ΗͶैͱͪɽद‫Ͳۂ‬ͺࢼ͹સରΝखΕѽͮͪ͗ɾຌߚͲͺ‫ݬ‬ཀྵΝઈ໎ͤΖͶཻΌΖͪΌɾҐԾͶʮ୉͘͵‫࣎ݻ‬‫ܯ‬ʯ͹ࢼ͖Δ୊ 1 ઇ͹ΊΝൊਰ͢ͱ‫ͤࡎܟ‬Ζɽ֦ߨ͹ಆͶߨ൬ߺΝ෉ͪ͢ɽ1 My grandfather's clock was too large for the shelf,
2 So it stood ninety years on the floor.
3 It was taller by half than the old man himself,
4 Though it weighed not a penny weight more.
5 It was bought on the morn of the day that he was born,
6 And was always his treasure and pride.
7 But it stopped short, never to go again
8 When the old man died.
9 Ninety years without slumbering, tick, tock, tick, tock
10 His life seconds numbering, tick, tock, tick, tock
11 It stopped short, never to go again
12 When the old man died.

 ʤ̏ʥ‫ۄ‬͹‫ࣞܙ‬Ν෾ੵͤΖ ຌߚͲͺֺො͹େΚΕͶ৏‫ܟ‬͹ࢼΝ༽͏ͱմઈͤΖɽ1-2 ͳ 3-4 ߨ໪ͺͨΗͩΗಋͣડཱͲ͍
Εɾͳ΍Ͷ຦ඎ͗સशࢯͲۢ઀ΗΖɽ͏ΚΑΖ A ϟϫͲ͍Ζɽ5-6 ߨ໪ͺԽҮ͗৏͗ΕɾൔशࢯͲशΚΖɽB ϟϫͲ͍Ζɽ7-8 ߨ໪ͺͨΗΉͲ͹෨෾ΝถͣΖ੓֪Ͳ͍ΕɾસशࢯͲशΚΖɽC ϟϫͲ͍Ζɽ͞͞ΉͲͲ಼༲దͶࢀ෨‫ࣞܙ‬Ν‫ܙ‬੔͢ͱ͏Ζͳ‫ݡ‬Ζ͞ͳ΍Ͳ͘Ζɽକ͚ 9-12 ߨ໪ͺαʖϧηΉͪͺϨϓϪ΢ϱͲ͍Ζɽ ʤ̐ʥࢼ͹‫ࣞܙ‬Ν෾ੵͤΖ ‫ٯ‬ӈ͗ 1 ͳ 3 ߨ໪ʤ-elfʥɾ2 ͳ 4 ߨ໪ʤ-orʥɾ5 ߨ໪಼Ͷ 2 ՗ॶʤ-ornʥɾ6 ͳ 8 ߨ໪ʤi[e]dʥɾ9 ͳ 10 ߨ໪ʤ-umberingʥͶ‫ݡ‬ΔΗΖɽ͞ΗΔ͖Δɾ1-4 ߨ໪ɾ5-8 ߨ໪ɾ9-12 ߨ໪͹ 3 ͯͶۢ෾ͤΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζɽʤ̏ʥͳʤ̐ʥ͖Δɾ‫ࢼͳۄ‬͹ߑଆͶͺҲఈ͹‫ؖ‬࿊͗‫ݡ‬ΔΗΖ͞ͳ͗Κ͖Ζɽ
 ࿇सʁ‫ٯ‬ӈͶ஭໪͢ͱԍ૙Ν௎͚ɽΉͪࣙ෾ͲࢼΝ࿗ಣͤΖɽ ʤ̑ʥࢼͶঘઇતΝॽ͘೘ΗΖ ֺො৏͹ঘઇતͶଲԢͤΖࢼ͹‫ޢͳޢ‬͹ؔͶॐતΝॽ͘೘ΗΖɽ͞͹ࢼ͹৖߻ɾҐԾ͹Γ͑͵ֶؔͲॽ͘೘ΗΖ͹͗న౲Ͳ͍Ζͳߡ͓ΔΗΖ͗ɾद‫Ͳ಼ۂ‬ͺͨΗͩΗ͹ָਫ਼͗ࢧͮͪΓ͑Ͷॽ͖ͦͪɽ ࣏Ͷঘઇત͹௜‫ޛ‬ͶΏͮͱ͚Ζ‫ޢ‬͹฾ԽͶһΝͯ͜Ζɽ͞͞Ͳͺɾௗ͏ɾ‫͏ک‬ɾ਄͏͵ʹͳࢧΚΗΖ฾ԽͶͺଢ࣊ͲԾતΝ෉͢ɾͨ͑Ͳͺ͵͏΍͹ͺଢ࣊ͳͪ͢ɽۢ෾ͺԽֺద͵‫خ‬६ͳͪͪ͢Όӵ‫ޢ‬͹௪৙͹ௗ୻Νൕӫ͢͵͏՗ॶ͍͗Ζ͗ɾ͞͞ͲͺՁΔ͖͹һ͗෉͠ΗΖ͞ͳ͗॑གྷͲ͍Ζɽ

1 My | grandfather's | clock was too | large for the | shelf,
2 So it | stood ninety | years on the | floor.
3 It was | taller by | half than the | old man him | -self,

4 Though it | weighed not a | penny weight | more.
5 It was | bought on the | morn of the | day that he was | born,
6 And was | always his | treasure and | pride.
7 But it | stopped | short, | never to go a | -gain
8 When the | old | man | died.
9 Ninety | years without | slumbering, | tick, tock, | tick, tock
10 His | life seconds | numbering, | tick, tock, | tick, tock
11 It | stopped | short, | never to go a | -gain
12 When the | old | man | died.

 ͞͞ͲɾҐ৏͹ॽ͘ࠒΊΝ‫͗͵ݡ‬Δࣰࡏ͹ԍ૙Ν௎͏ͱΊΖͳɾ͞ΗΔ͹ଢ࣊Ν‫؜‬΋ୱ‫ޢ‬ͺଡঙ͵Εͳ΍‫ک‬௒͠ΗͱՐΚΗͱ͏Ζ͞ͳ͗Κ͖Ζɽ‫ک‬௒͹๏๑ͺɾ฾ԽΝௗΌͶՐͮͪΕɾଠ͹ୱ‫ޢ‬ΓΕͺͮ͘Εͳ൅Խͪ͢Εͳ͠Ή͡ΉͲ͍Ζɽ͞͹͞ͳ͖Δɾࢼ͹ӈཱͳԽֺ͹ӈཱʤധઇʥͶͺ‫͏ک‬૮‫ݡ͗ؖ‬ΔΗΖ͞ͳ͗ཀྵմ͠ΗΖɽ͞ΗͺࢼͶ͕͏ͱຌཔઅ‫͠ܯ‬Ηͱ͏ΖӈཱͶॊͮͱࡠ‫͠ۄ‬ΗΖ͹͗௪৙Ͳ͍ΖͪΌɾ౲ષͲ͍ΖɽͯΉΕɾֺොͶͪ͢ͳ͘Ͷঘઇત͹࣏Ͷॽ͖Ηͱ͏Ζୱ‫ޢ‬ͺɾఖౕ͹ࠫͺ͍Ζ΍͹͹ɾർֳద‫ک‬௒͠ΗΖܑ޴Ͷ͍Ζͳߡ͓ͱΓ͏͢ɾԽֺͶ͕͏ͱͺɾͨ͞ͶैͱΔΗͱ͏ΖԽͺಋ༹Ͷ‫ک‬௒͢ͱ‫͖ͦڻ‬ΔΗΖ͞ͳͶ͵ΖɽঘઇતͶ૮౲ͤΖ΍͹ͺࢼ͹ช໚Ͷͺ‫ݳ‬Η͵͏ͪΌɾӈཱʤധઇʥ͹ཀྵմͳ͏఼͑ͲͺԽֺͲ༽͏Ζֺොͺඉ৙Ͷ༙༽Ͳ͍Ζɽ ͞ΗΔ͹ୱ‫ޢ‬ͺช͹஦Ͳ॑གྷ͵қັΝ΍ͯ΍͹Ͳ͍Ζ͞ͳͶ஭໪ͤΖɽͯΉΕɾ͞ΗΔ͹ୱ‫ޢ‬Ͷͺ૮घͶఽ͓ͪ͏಼༲͗ΓΕଡ͚‫؜‬ΉΗͱ͏Ζ͞ͳͶ͵Ζɽ ͵͕ɾ‫ک‬௒͠ΗΖୱ‫ޢ‬ಋ࢞͹‫ܐؖ‬Ͷ஥໪ͤΖͳɾௗ฾Խͳ୻฾Խ͹ૌΊ߻ΚͦͶҲఈ͹‫و‬ଉ੓͗‫ݡ‬ΔΗΖ՗ॶ͍͗Ζʤྭʁ1-2 ߨ໪ͳ 3-4 ߨ໪ʥɽࢼͫ͜͹ஊ֌ͲͤͲͶӈཱదɾԽֺదͶࡠΔΗͱ͏Ζɽ
 ࿇सʁҐ৏͹ߡࡱΝಁΉ͓ɾ֦ߴ໪͗໎ྐͶ൅‫ͤݳ‬ΖΓ͑Ͷ൅࿫ΝͤΖɽ ʤ̒ʥ‫ک‬௒͠ΗΖୱ‫ͨͳޢ‬ΗҐ֐͹ୱ‫ޢ‬͹ؔͶ‫ݡ‬ΔΗΖླྀΗΝ‫ݡ‬ड़ͤ ৏‫ى‬ʤ̑ʥͶ͕͏ͱଢ࣊Ͳࣖͪ͢ୱ‫ޢ‬ͺɾ΍͛Δͪͪ͘Ͳಧષड़ͱ͖ͪ͘͹Γ͑Ͷ‫ک‬௒͠Ηɾͨ͢ͱভ͓ͱ͏͚͹Ͳͺ͵͚ɾͨ͞Ͷ͏ͪΖࣙષ͵ླྀΗͶΓͮͱ६ඍ͠Ηɾͨ͢ͱಋ༹ͶࣙષͶफ଍͢ͱ͏͚ɾҲఈ͹ֶؔͶۛ͏ً෮Ν൒ͮͱ͏ΖɽͳΕΚ͜ଢ࣊͹ୱ‫ޢ‬͹઴Ͷ͍ΖླྀΗͺ॑གྷͲ͍ΕɾԽֺͲͺΠΤϓνέφʤAuftaktʥ΍͚͢ͺΠψέϩʖεηʤanacrusisʥͳ͏͑ɽ ͞͹ɾ‫ک‬௒͠ΗΖୱ‫ޢ‬Ν஦ৼͳͪ͢઴‫਼ޛ‬ୱ‫ޢ‬͹ΉͳΉΕΝɾֺොͶ͕͜ΖϓϪʖζϱήʀηϧʖ͹Γ͑͵‫ͤࣖͲߺى‬ɽ֋఼࢟ͳश྅఼ͺࢼ͹қັΏߑଆΝ‫خ‬६Ͷߡ͓ΖɽҲқͶ݀Ό͖͸Ζ՗ॶ͗ड़ͱͪ͘Εɾ֋఼࢟Ώश྅఼͗໎ྐͲͺ͵͏৖߻͍͗ͮͪΕ͢ͱ΍ɾಝͶ‫ـ‬Ͷ͢͵͚ͱΓ͏ɽ ͞͹ͳ͘ɾ‫ک‬௒͠ΗΖୱ‫͗ޢ‬ช஦Ͷ෵਼‫ݳ‬ΗΖ͞ͳ͗ଡ͏ɽͨ͹͏ͥΗ͖͗΍ͮͳ΍‫͏ک‬қັ಼༲Νଵ;ͱ͏Ζͳߡ͓ΔΗΖ৖߻ɾ͞ΗΝ॑ৼͳଌ͓Ζɽ͞͹॑ৼͶ͏ͪΖʰΉͳΉΕʱ͹਼ʓͺɾΓΕ୉͘͵қັͲ͹ΠΤϓνέφͳ͵Ζɽͪͳ͓ͻ৏‫ܟ‬͹ࢼ͹ 1 ߨ໪Ͷ͕͜Ζ॑ৼͺɾୱ‫ޢ‬͹қັ಼༲͖Δ΍ɾΉͪԽֺ໚͖Δ΍”large”ͳߡ͓ΔΗΖɽͨ͹ͪΌɾͨ͞ΉͲ͹ླྀΗͺ‫ݤ‬ดΊ”large”΃ॄ݃͢ͱ͏͚͞ͳͶ͵Ζɽ ࿇सʁࣙ෾Ͳ‫ͪ͢ى‬ϓϪʖζϱήʀηϧʖΝҲͯ͹ΉͳΉΕͳ͢ͱଌ͓ͱ൅࿫ͤΖɽΉͪϓϪʖθ͹॑ৼ͍͗Ζ৖߻ɾͨ͞Ͷ͏ͪΖླྀΗΝߑ஛͢ͱ൅࿫ͤΖɽ‫܉‬࿇͹ͪΌɾන‫ݳ‬ͺଡঙ୉܎࠲ͳࢧΚΗΖఖౕ͗Γ͏ɽ ʤ̓ʥߨಋ࢞͹‫ܐؖ‬Νߡ͓ͱࢼΝ࿗ಣͤΖ ͞ΗΉͲ͹‫Ͳৄݗ‬ͺɾ࣏͹Γ͑͵ਭ६Ͳࢼ͹಼෨͹ྙ‫ܐؖ‬Ν໎Δ͖Ͷ͢ͱͪ͘ɽ  ᶅ‫ک‬௒͠ΗΖୱ‫ޢ‬ʤ̑ʥ  ᶆ‫ک‬௒͠ΗΖୱ‫ͨͳޢ‬͹઴‫ޛ‬͹ΉͳΉΕʤ̒ʥ  ᶇ‫ٯ‬ӈʤ̐ʥΏशࢯʤ̏ʥͶΓΖ‫ࣞܙ‬ద͵ΉͳΉΕ ͞͹͑ͬɾᶅͳᶆͶͯ͏ͱͺ࿗ಣ࿇स͗शΚͮͱ͏Ζɽ͞͞ͲͺᶇͶॊͮͪ࿗ಣ๑Νߡࡱͤ
ΖɽࢼΝ‫ݡ‬Ζͳɾ‫ݬ‬ଉͳ͢ͱ‫ߨ਼د‬ͺαϱϜʤ, ʥͲɾ۰਼ߨͺϒϨΨχʤ. ʥͲशΚͮͱ͏Ζɽ
7-8 ߨ໪ͲͺαϱϜͺ͵͏͗ɾ8 ߨ໪͗ॊ଒ઇͲ͍Ζ͞ͳ͖Δಋ༹Ͷѽ͑ɽ9-10 ߨ໪ͺಋ֪͹‫܃‬Εศ͢Ͳ͍ΕɾΉͪ 11-12 ߨ໪ͺ 7-8 ߨ໪ͳಋ͚ͣॊ଒ઇΝ൒ͮͱ͏ΖɽͯΉΕ 2 ߨͲҲͯ͹ΉͳΉΕͳߡ͓Ζ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζɽ‫ߨ਼د‬ΝಣΞͲ͏Ζͳ͘ɾ࿫͢घ͹‫͗ͬ࣍ـ‬ΉͫशࢯͦͥɾͨΗͺ۰਼ߨ͹शΚΕΉͲ࣍କͤΖɽ͑͢͞ͱΊΖͳɾ‫ٯ‬ӈͺ෈‫و‬ଉͶดΞͲ͏Ζ͹Ͳͺ͵͚ɾช͹қັΝߑଆదͶΚ͖ΕΏ͚ͤࣖͤༀׄ΍ෝͮͱ͏ΖɽҐ৏͹఼Ͷཻқͪ͢࿗ಣΝߨ͑ɽ̑ɿ‫ݗ‬౾ࣆߴ ຌ‫֋Ͳڂݜ‬൅ͪ͢ࢨ಍๑Ͳͺɾࣙષ͵ཊ༴ͳཐΊ͹͵͏ླྀΗΝ൒͑ӵ‫ޢ‬͹൅࿫ָ͗सͲ͘Ζɽཊ༴΍ླྀΗ΍ช࣊৚ๅͳ͢ͱͺ‫ى‬फ़͠Ηͱ͏͵͏͹ͲɾͨΗ͗ঘઇતɾԽ߶ɾϨθϞɾധઇʤӈཱʥ౵Ν൒ͮͱ‫ى‬फ़͠ΗΖԽֺ͹؏఼͖Δָस͠Ηͪͳ͘ɾҲఈ͹ఖౕͲ‫ָޢݶ‬स͹෈ଏΝึ͑͞ͳ͗‫ݬ‬ཀྵదͶͺՆ೵ͳ͵Ζɽ ՐΝ࢘ͮͪࢨ಍๑͹՟ୌͳ͢ͱͺ༙ઇՐ‫ۄ‬͹໲ୌ͍͗Ζɽ༙ઇՐ‫ۄ‬͹৖߻ɾ෵਼͹ઇͲΉ͚ͮͪಋͣӈཱΏ‫ٯ‬ӈ͗༽͏ΔΗͱ͏ΖΚ͜Ͳͺචͥ͢΍͵͚ɾΉͪୱ‫ޢ‬͹қັ΍ઇ͟ͳͶ౲ષҡ͵ͮͱ͚ΖͪΌɾͨΗΔ͗‫خ‬ຌదͶಋͣડཱͶैͱΔΗͱ͏Ζ͞ͳ͹੍ඉͺߡྂͤΖචགྷ͍͗Ζɽ༙ઇՐ‫ۄ‬ͺ࠹शదͶԽֺ͗ࢼͶ༑઎ͦ͡ΖΝ͓͵͏ͪΌɾࢨ಍͹ࡏͶͺ‫͗ࢥگ‬న઀͵ึଏΝͤΖ͞ͳ͗‫ٽ‬ΌΔΗΖɽ ঘ௃ʤ2003ʥͶΓΗͻɾೖຌਕ͹ӵ‫ޢ‬ͺɾӵ‫ޢ‬฾‫ޢ‬࿫ंͳർֳͪ͢ͳ͘ฑ‫ۋ‬దͶཊ༴͹৏Ծ෱͗‫͚ڳ‬ɾͳΕΚ಼͜༲‫ؽͳޢ‬೵‫ޢ‬͹൅ԽͶ͍ΉΕࠫ͗ΊΔΗ͵͏ͳ͏͑ɽͨ͹໲ୌ఼ͺຌߚ͹घ๑Ͳ͍Ζఖౕրવ͠ΗΖ͞ͳͶ͵Ζɽ ֐ࠅ‫ޢ‬͹ߑଆΝ‫ع‬எ͹΍͹͖Δ͹ྪਬͲཀྵմͦ͠Ζͳ͏͑͞ͳͲ͏͓ͻɾ‫ݸ‬ֆ͍͗Ζ͞ͳΝটஎ͢ͱ͏Ζͳ͏͑ড়݇͹΍ͳɾࢼʤࢽʥΝೖຌ‫ޢ‬Ͷ஖͘‫ͱ͓׷‬΍Ҳఈ͹੔Վ͗ಚΔΗΖՆ೵੓ͺ͍Ζɽܲඎʤ2017ʥͺೖຌ‫ޢ‬Ν‫ͪ͢༽׈‬ӈཱࢨ಍๑ΝߡҌ͢ͱ͏Ζɽ͞Ηͺָसं͗ͤͲͶ࣍ͮͱ͏Ζ༙ް͵‫ְ״‬Νӵ‫ָޢ‬सͶ݃;ͯ͜Γ͑ͳͤΖ΍͹Ͳ͍Ζɽ͞͹஦Ͳೖຌ‫ޢ‬Νӵ‫ޢ‬෫Ͷ൅Խ͢ͱΊΖࢾΊ়͗ղ͠Ηͱ͏Ζɽ֐ࠅ‫ޢ‬࿫ं͗ೖຌ‫ޢ‬ΝसಚͤΖ͓͑Ͳʹ͹Γ͑͵൅Խ৏͹ࠖೋΝ์͓ͱ͏Ζ͖ʤ஦ઔ 1996ʥΝߡࡱͤΖ͞ͳͺɾೖຌਕ͗֐ࠅ‫ޢ‬ʤӵ‫ޢ‬ʥΝָ΁͓͑ͲՁΔ͖͹ࣖࠨͶ͵ΖՆ೵੓͍͗Ζɽ ԽֺΝ༽͏ͪӵ‫ָޢ‬स๑͹ଡ͚ͺɾֱࢃʤ2001ʥ͗ࢨఢͤΖΓ͑Ͷɾָसं͹ৼཀྵదଈ໚Ν࿪Δͪ͝Εɾद‫ۂ‬Νֺ͢͏ฉҕ‫ـ‬Ͷͪ͢ΕͤΖͳ͏ͮͪΓ͑͵؏఼ͲߡҌ͠Ηͱ͏Ζɽͨ͞Ͳֱࢃ͹఑Ҍͪ͢ӵ‫گޢ‬үͶ͕͜ΖԽֺ͹ཤ༽๑ͺɾʰԽ͹ओԿɾಋԿɾ୦ཚɾ࿊݃͵ʹͳ͏ͮͪࣙષ͵൅࿫Ͳਫ਼ͣΖ༹ʓ͵Խ੢รԿΏӵ‫ޢ‬͹ϨθϞΝसಚͤΖͪΌ͹ୌࡒͳ͢ͱՐΝ‫ͤ༽׈‬Ζʱ΍͹Ͳ͍ΖɽՐΏԽָֺ͗सΝ૱߻దͶްՎద͵΍͹ͶͤΖ͞ͳͺଡ͚͹৖߻͖ͨ͑΍͢Η͵͏͗ɾ΍͢ชຼ͖Δ઀Ε཯͠Ηͪ൅Խ৏͹໲ୌΝָ΁͹ΊͲ͍Ηͻɾ‫ືݭ‬Ͷ͏͓ͻͨΗ͗ՐͲ͍Ζචགྷͺ͵͚ɾओԿΏಋԿ౵Νన઀Ͷන‫ͪ͢ݳ‬Խ੢͹࿧ԽͲଏΕΖͳ͏͓͵͚΍͵͏ɽ΍ͬΘΞ͞ΗͺखΔΗͪघ๑΃͹൹൓ͲͺΉ͚ͮͪ͵͚ɾ΋͢Θ֐ࠅ‫ָޢ‬स͹॑གྷ͵఼ΝԽ੢৚ๅͲ͍ΖԽֺ͹ཤ༽ͶΓͮͱࠂෲ͢ͱ͏Ζ఼͗ௗॶͫͳ͏͓Ζɽຌߚ͹ࢻ఼͖Δ෉‫ͤݶ‬Ζ͵ΔɾԽֺΝཤ༽͢ͱ͏Ζ͹Ͳ͍Ηͻɾͨ͞ͶԽֺ৏͹؏఼͗ՅΚΖͳΓΕްՎదͫͳ͏͑͞ͳͲ͍Ζɽ ຌߚͲ֋൅ͪ͢ࢨ಍๑ͺɾԽֺͶ‫ݡ‬ΔΗΖߑଆ͗Խֺන‫ݳ‬Ͷ΍‫ޢݶ‬න‫ݳ‬Ͷ΍‫ڠ‬௪͢ͱड़‫ͤݳ‬ΖͪΌɾ૮‫׮ึޕ‬Ν͢͵͗Δ૮‫ޕ‬Νָस͑͢Ζͳ͏ౖ͑ୈ͹΍ͳɾԽֺ͖Δ‫ޢݶ‬ʤӵ‫ޢ‬ʥ΃ɾͳ͏͑๏޴੓Νқࣟͪ͢΍͹Ͳ͍ΕɾԽֺ΍‫ޢݶ‬΍ͳ΍Ͷ౹‫ޢ‬࿨దͶཀྵմ͢ɾߑଆͶॊͮͪࣙષ͵න‫ݳ‬ʤ൅࿫ɾԍ૙ʥͶ݃;ͯ͜Ζ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζࢨ಍๑Ͳ͍Ζɽक‫ء‬ͺชқͶ‫ٱ‬ΔΚ͵͏ࣙષ͵ླྀΗͶΓΖ൅࿫͹ճಚͲ͍Εɾชຼ͖Δಢཱིͪ͢ୱ‫ͳ͟ޢ‬͹൅Խ๑͵ʹ͹Խ੢ద͵ଈ໚ͺຌߚͲͺಝஊखΕѽͮͱ͏͵͏ɽ ࠕ‫ޛ‬͹՟ୌͳ͢ͱͺɾΉͥ͞͹ࢨ಍๑͹඲Ճ๏๑͹ࡨఈ͗‫͝ڏ‬ΔΗΖɽָसं΃͹Πϱίʖφͺ‫گ‬ү‫ܧ‬͹‫Ͳڂݜ‬ͺ͢ͻ͢ͻࣰࢬ͠ΗΖ͗ɾࢨ಍๑͹ָढ़ద͵ਜ਼౲੓Ν୴ฯͤΖ΍͹͖ʹ͖͑‫ݗ‬౾͹༪ஏ͍͗ΕɾࠕյͺΠϱίʖφΝࣰࢬ͢ͱ͏͵͏ɽΉͪɾຌߚͲͺ֐ࠅ‫ޢ‬͹͑ͬӵ‫ޢ‬ΝखΕѽͮͪ͗ɾ੤༺Խֺͳ਄͏‫ؖ‬࿊͹͍Ζ‫͍Ͳޢݶ‬Ηͻӵ‫ޢ‬Ґ֐͹ָसͶ΍Ԣ༽͗Ն೵Ͳ͍Εɾࠕ‫ޛ‬͹‫غ͗ڂݜ‬ଶ͠ΗΖɽࢂߡช‫ݛ‬ঘ௃‫ܡ‬೯ ࣲӮগ࿪ ൚‫ڰ‬ऴҲ 2003 ʰFo ෾ੵͶΓΖೖຌਕ࿫ं͹ӵ‫ޢ‬൅Խͳӵ‫ޢ‬฾‫ޢ‬࿫ं͹Խ੢͹ಝ௅ʱʲ୊ 65 յસࠅ୉ճߪԍ࿨ชॄʳ2 35-36ֱࢃলඛ 2001 ʰӵ‫گޢ‬үͶ͕͜ΖԽֺ‫ࡒگ‬͹‫༽׈‬ҲԽֺͳҡชԿφϒρέΝૌΊ߻Κͦͪ૱߻‫ࡒگ‬ʲϛρϕηͲָ΁૱߻ӵ‫ޢ‬ʳ͹֋൅Ҳʱʲ߁ౣช‫گ‬ঃࢢ୉ָ‫ن‬གྷʳ36 9-20
ܲඎ໽ʓ ұీ‫ي‬ಕ ୉࿪எ࢛ 2017 ʰೖຌ‫ޢ‬Ν‫ͪ͢༽׈‬ӵ‫ޢ‬ϕϫλυΡࢨ಍ʱʲਈ‫ރ‬୉ָࠅࡏαϝϣωίʖεϥϱιϱνʖ࿨ॄʳ14 14-23
஦ઔ͖ͥࢢ 1996 ʰӵ‫ޢ‬฾‫ޢ‬࿫ंͶΓΖೖຌ‫ޢ‬͹Խ੢ʤӈཱʥ͹सಚͶ޴͜ͱʱʲ๼քָԄ୉ָਕช࿨ॄʳ7 95-118
੤ඎ༺ 2020 ʰεϣʖϜϱʮࢽਕ͹࿂ʯͶΊΖχ΢ς‫ޢ‬͹ߑชɾӈཱͳԽֺཀྵ࿨͹૮‫ؖ‬ʱʲ‫ز‬෠୉ָ‫گ‬үָ෨‫ڂݜ‬ๅࠄʤਕชՌָʥʳ68-2 69-76
ʤྫ࿪ 3 ೧ 1 ݆ 4 ೖणཀྵʥ