Snap Inc.
California Terms of Service Report
October 1 - December 31, 2023

Submitted: April 01, 2024

California Terms of Service Report (October 1 - December 31, 2023)
Snap Inc.

Pursuant to Section 22677 of the California Business & Professions Code, Snap Inc. hereby submits this Terms of Service Report to the California Attorney General. This is Snap’s second California Terms of Service
Report, covering the period between October 1, 2023 and December 31, 2023 (Q4 2023).
Our Terms (Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code, §§22677(a)(1) and (4)(E))
We strive to provide a safe, fun environment for creativity and expression on Snapchat. All Snapchat users must abide by our Terms of Service, including our Community Guidelines (together, “Terms”).
Additional context about how we moderate content and enforce our policies is available in our Community Guidelines Explainer Series, which includes a description of our Moderation, Enforcement and Appeals policies
and additional information regarding each category of content and conduct prohibited by our Community Guidelines. For the reporting period, our Terms of Service and Community Guidelines did not change since thepublication of our previous California Terms of Service Report, covering Q3 2023.
We also provide safety-related information and resources in our Safety Center, including guidance on how to report suspected violations of our Terms or other safety concerns on our service.
These documents are annexed to this report in English, and they are available on our website in all Medi-Cal threshold languages in which we offer Snapchat.
Content moderation policies and practices (Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code, §§22677(a)(3)-(4))
Our Terms prohibit the categories of content referenced in Section 22677(a)(3), as follows:
Category of content referenced in Section
22677(a)Corresponding category of content prohibited by our
Community Guidelines

Relevant definitions and policies, as provided in our Transparency Report Glossary and Community
Guidelines explainer series

Hate speech or racism

Hate Speech (which falls under Hateful Content, Terrorism,
and Violent Extremism)

Content that demeans, or promotes discrimination towards, an individual or group of individuals on thebasis of their race, color, caste, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity,
disability, veteran status, immigration status, socio-economic status, age, weight, or pregnancy status. For
more information, please review our explainer on Hateful Content, Terrorism, and Violent Extremism.

Extremism or radicalization

Terrorism & Violent Extremism (which falls under HatefulContent, Terrorism, and Violent Extremism)

Content that promotes or supports terrorism or other violent, criminal acts committed by individuals and/or
groups to further ideological goals, such as those of a political, religious, social, racial, or environmental
nature. It includes any content that promotes or supports any foreign terrorist organization or violent
extremist hate group, as well as content that advances recruitment for such organizations or violent
extremist activities. For more information, please review our explainer on Hateful Content, Terrorism, andViolent Extremism.

Disinformation or misinformation

False Information (which falls under Harmful False or
Deceptive Information)

Includes false or misleading content that causes harm or is malicious, such as denying the existence oftragic events, unsubstantiated medical claims, or undermining the integrity of civic processes, ormanipulating content for false or misleading purposes. For more information, please review our explainer
on Harmful False or Deceptive Information.

Harassment

Harassment & Bullying

Refers to any unwanted behavior that could cause an ordinary person to experience emotional distress,
such as verbal abuse, sexual harassment, or unwanted sexual attention. This category also includes thesharing or receipt of non-consensual intimate imagery (NCII). For more information, please review our
explainer on Harassment & Bullying.

Foreign political interference

False Information (which falls under Harmful False or
Deceptive Information).

For our definition of False Information, please see above.
Impersonation occurs when an account is falsely pretending to be associated with another person or
brand.
For more information, please review our explainer on Harmful False or Deceptive Information.

Controlled substance distribution

Drugs (which falls under Illegal or Regulated Activities)

Refers to distribution and use of illegal drugs (including counterfeit pills), and other illicit activity involving
drugs. For more information, please review our explainer on Illegal or Regulated Activities.

Our Moderation, Enforcement and Appeals Explainer and Severe Harm Explainer provide detailed information on, among other topics:●●●

how we moderate content through both automated tools and human review,
how we respond to user reports of alleged violations of our Community Guidelines, andhow we enforce against individual pieces of content and users that violate our Community Guidelines.

Information on Violations of our Terms (October 1 - December 31, 2023) (Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code, §22677(a)(5))
Below we provide detailed information about violations of our Community Guidelines that were either reported to us or automatically detected by our systems in the period October 1 - December 31, 2023, consistent
with Section 22677(a). We first provide global figures, followed by U.S. figures. These figures relate not only to the categories of violating content referenced in Section 22677(a)(3), but more broadly to the violations
referenced in our Community Guidelines.1
Except where otherwise specified, terms used in this section are defined in accordance with our Transparency Glossary.
Global figures

Category of
violation

Hate Speech
Terrorism &Violent
1

UniqueAccounts
Enforced by
Automated
Tools

Appeals
AgainstAccount
Locks(4)Enforced by
Human
Reviewers

Appeals Against
Account Locks
Enforced by
Automated Tools

MannerFlagged

Total
Content or
Accounts
Flagged(1)Content
Enforced(2)by Human
Reviewers

Content
Enforced by
Automated
Tools

UniqueAccounts
Enforced(3)by Human
Reviewers

Accounts
Accounts
Reinstated
Reinstated(5)
Following Appeal Following Appeal(Initially Locked by (Initially Locked by
Human Reviewers) Automated Tools)

Unique Violative
Viewer Rate(7) forContent Enforcedby Human
Reviewers

Unique Violative Viewer
Rate for Content
Enforced by Automated
Tools

Human
Report241,689

67,934687

59,015

310

236

18

25

0

0.000361%

0.000001%

0.70%

0.00%

Automatic
Detection

260

259

1

233

1

3

0

0

0

0.000000%

0.000000%

0.00%

0.00%

Human
Report

77,898

1,659

56

1,338

39

41

3

1

0

0.000106%0.000002%

0.22%

0.00%

Violative View Rate
(VVR)(6) for Content
Enforced by Human
Reviewers

VVR forContent
Enforced by
AutomatedTools

In this report, we have disaggregated the data into: (i) categories of violating content, (ii) how the content or account was flagged (i.e., by a report or by our automated detection tools), and (iii) how the content or
account was enforced (i.e., by human reviewers or by automated tools). We are not able to disaggregate the data per type of content (e.g., posts, comments, messages, user profiles) or per type of media (e.g., text,
image, video) at this time, because our reporting systems were not set up to readily report on this data as of Q4 2023.

Extremism

Automatic
Detection

70,36818,362

0

8,296

0

36

15

4

1

0.000019%

0.000000%

0.03%

0.00%

Human
Report223,014

975

18

823

12

3

1

0

0

0.000025%

0.000001%

0.05%

0.00%

Automatic
Detection

39

39

0

27

0

1

0

0

0

0.000000%

0.000000%

0.00%

0.00%

Human
Report226,558

6,386

95

6,378

77

570

1

49

0

0.000007%

0.000001%

0.02%

0.00%

Automatic
Impersonation Detection

1

1

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0.000000%

0.000000%

0.00%

0.00%

Human
Report3,993,049

637,087

30,370526,174

21,392

10,165

308

266

3

0.001425%

0.000050%

1.99%

0.07%

Harassment & Automatic
Bullying
Detection

2,782

2,659

123

2,372

43

59

3

5

0

0.000001%

0.000000%

0.00%

0.00%

Human
Report191,704

116,045

4,337

85,096

2,941

8,446

134

124

1

0.000527%

0.000019%

0.76%

0.04%

Automatic
Detection

686,531232,268

206,293

197,105

161,186

60,95819,8541,757

2400.000057%

0.000024%

0.14%

0.06%

Human
Report434,898

58,121

6,812

45,514

4,308

753

43

36

8

0.001594%

0.000080%

1.99%

0.14%

Automatic
Detection

1,273

943

36

713

24

45

1

3

0

0.000001%

0.000000%

0.00%

0.00%

Human
Report102,785

16,80485

13,973

34

11

1

2

0

0.000019%

0.000000%

0.04%

0.00%

Automatic
Detection

311

309

2

295

1

1

0

0

0

0.000000%

0.000000%

0.00%

0.00%

Human
Report726,599

115,863

60,350102,396

41,411

4,757

235

55

5

0.000640%

0.000112%

1.09%

0.17%

Automatic
Detection

38,457

10,08628,368

8,596

18,217

523

24

4

2

0.000003%

0.000013%

0.01%

0.01%

Human
Report66,545

5,966

608

4,742

449

220

6

6

0

0.000030%

0.000013%

0.06%

0.03%

Automatic
Detection

130,805

36,32774,70029,75057,168

783

56

34

1

0.000010%

0.000008%

0.03%

0.02%

Human
Report249,765

63,592

3,762

49,290

1,864

3,825

73

40

1

0.000567%

0.000013%

1.03%

0.02%

Automatic
Detection

8,861

8,792

69

7,658

49

392

0

19

0

0.000005%

0.000000%

0.01%

0.00%

Human
Report2,124,291

635,446438,209494,490271,663

35,802

1,870

754

14

0.003173%

0.001950%

2.75%

1.62%

Automatic

385,680

166,790

164,351

107,927

91,579

5,616

220

204

11

0.000057%

0.000024%

0.10%

0.04%

False
Information

Drugs

Threats &Violence

Self-Harm &SuicideSpam

Weapons

Other
Regulated
Goods

SexualContent

Detection

Child Sexual
Exploitation &
Abuse

Human
Report458,267

122,133

1,686

108,768

1,286

42,069

252

2,412

10

0.000110%0.000005%

0.17%

0.01%

Automatic
Detection

226,337

73,737

128,032

51,04253,66916,824

15,957509

987

0.000002%

0.000000%

0.00%

0.00%

10,668,767

2,398,583

1,149,050

1,775,354

701,975

192,139

39,075

6,309

1,284

0.008738%

0.002316%

6.38%

1.99%

Unique Violative
Viewer Rate(7) forContent Enforcedby Human
Reviewers

Unique Violative Viewer
Rate for Content
Enforced by AutomatedTools

TotalsU.S. figures

Category of
violation

MannerFlaggedUniqueUnique
Total
Content
Content
Accounts Accounts
Content or Enforced(2) Enforced by Enforced(3) Enforced by
Accounts by Human Automated by Human Automated
Flagged(1) Reviewers Tools
Reviewers Tools

Appeals Against
Account Locks(4)Enforced by
Human
Reviewers

Accounts
Accounts
Appeals Against Reinstated
ReinstatedAccount Locks
Following Appeal(5) Following Appeal
Enforced by(Initially Locked by (Initially Locked by
Automated Tools Human Reviewers) Automated Tools)

Violative View Rate
(VVR)(6) for Content
Enforced by Human
Reviewers

VVR forContent
Enforced by
Automated
Tools

Human
Report91,54837,368472

32,132

184

133

9

12

0

0.000595%

0.000004%

1.75%

0.01%

Automatic
Detection

110

109

1

101

1

1

0

0

0

0.000000%

0.000000%

0.00%

0.00%

Human
Report19,629

268

3

243

3

8

1

0

0

0.000012%

0.000000%

0.04%

0.00%

Automatic
Detection

16,402

819

0

329

0

0

2

0

1

0.000003%

0.000000%

0.01%

0.00%

Human
Report53,743

541

14

440

8

0

0

0

0

0.000033%

0.000003%

0.10%

0.00%

Automatic
Detection

4

4

0

3

0

0

0

0

0

0.000000%

0.000000%

0.00%

0.00%

Human
Report53,294

1,999

24

1,998

22

186

0

21

0

0.000000%

0.000000%

0.00%

0.00%

Automatic
Impersonation Detection

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0.000000%

0.000000%

0.00%

0.00%

Human
Report

1,035,429

215,267

8,572

178,503

6,243

1,979

67

67

1

0.002411%

0.000057%

6.50%

0.11%

Automatic
Detection

1,287

1,223

64

1,104

10

17

0

3

0

0.000002%

0.000000%

0.01%

0.00%

Human
Report81,25454,215

1,425

39,171

996

3,286

56

51

0

0.001462%

0.000021%

2.88%

0.07%

Automatic
Detection

381,295

140,106

146,548

118,172

111,992

32,353

10,233866

55

0.000159%

0.000080%

0.60%

0.31%

Human
Report130,479

20,303

1,944

16,603

1,367

305

8

15

0

0.000974%

0.000074%

2.79%

0.17%

Hate Speech

Terrorism &Violent
Extremism

False
Information

Harassment &Bullying

Drugs
Threats &ViolenceAutomatic
Detection

503

281

20

263

18

31

0

0

0

0.000001%

0.000000%

0.00%

0.00%

Human
Report32,638

8,359

8

7,194

4

2

1

1

0

0.000013%

0.000000%

0.04%

0.00%

Automatic
Detection

157

157

0

149

0

0

0

0

0

0.000000%

0.000000%

0.00%

0.00%

Human
Report156,869

33,376

20,63629,86915,812

858

37

12

1

0.000591%

0.000066%

1.50%

0.17%

Automatic
Detection

3,060

2,136

924

1,871

664

156

4

1

1

0.000003%

0.000007%

0.01%

0.02%

Human
Report22,758

1,665

98

1,543

90

45

1

1

0

0.000049%

0.000046%

0.20%

0.20%

Automatic
Detection

103,105

28,10963,18323,351

48,752

522

32

24

1

0.000038%

0.000032%

0.16%

0.14%

Human
Report

75,405

13,332

233

11,356

150

322

4

8

0

0.000574%

0.000005%

1.79%

0.02%

Automatic
Detection

3,301

3,288

13

2,943

9

89

0

5

0

0.000007%

0.000000%

0.03%

0.00%

Human
Report601,824

193,327

136,256

146,008

86,732

9,608

593

225

3

0.004815%

0.003033%

7.29%

4.39%

Automatic
Sexual Content Detection

122,439

59,29943,597

38,63926,328

1,192

42

49

5

0.000126%

0.000034%

0.36%

0.08%

Human
Report124,192

29,145389

25,866245

10,90461652

30.000138%

0.000002%

0.29%

0.00%

Automatic
Detection

72,04813,09952,466

9,477

11,041

2,045

1,517

83

244

0.000001%

0.000000%

0.01%

0.00%

3,182,773

857,795

476,89063992430195964,042

12,6682,096

315

0.012010%

0.003464%

17.02%

5.20%

Self-Harm &SuicideSpam

Weapons

Other
Regulated
Goods

Child Sexual
Exploitation &Abuse
Totals

(1)

(2)
(3)

(4)
(5)
(6)

Total number of pieces of content or accounts that were flagged for potential violations of our Community Guidelines, including those reported to us and those detected through our automated tools. To
disaggregate this data into categories of violative content, we’ve used the ultimate enforcement reason where an enforcement action was taken. Where the content or account was flagged but no enforcement
action was taken, we attribute the metrics to the suspected violation category for which the content or account was flagged.
The number of pieces of content (e.g., Snaps, Stories) that were enforced against on Snapchat. “Enforcement” refers to an action taken against a piece of content or an account (e.g., deletion, warning, locking).
The number of unique accounts that were enforced against on Snapchat. For example, if a single account was enforced against multiple times for various reasons (e.g., a user was warned for posting false
information and then later deleted for harassing another user), only one account would be calculated in this metric. As above, “enforcement” refers to an action taken against a piece of content or an account(e.g., deletion, warning, locking).
Users can only submit appeals against an account lock.
We only reinstate accounts that our moderators determine were incorrectly locked.
Violative View Rate is the percentage of Story and Snap views that contained violating content, as a proportion of all Story and Snap views across Snapchat. For example, if our VVR is 0.03%, that means forevery 10,000 Snap and Story views on Snapchat, 3 contained content that violated our policies. This metric allows us to understand what percentage of views on Snapchat come from content that violates our
Community Guidelines (that was either reported or proactively enforced on).

(7)Unique Violative Viewer Rate is the percentage of unique viewers that saw violating content, as a proportion of unique users active throughout the reporting period (i.e., Q4 2023). For example, if our Unique
Violative Viewer Rate is 0.03%, that means that, for every 10,000 active users during the relevant period on Snapchat, 3 viewers saw content that violated our policies. This metric allows us to understand whatpercentage of users on Snapchat come across content that violates our Community Guidelines (that was either reported or proactively enforced on).

Additional information
Although not required by Section 22677, we also believe it valuable to provide our median turnaround times (TATs) for responding to reports. We define TAT as the time between when our Trust & Safety teams or
Automated Tools first receive a report (usually when a report is submitted or detected via automated means) to the last enforcement action timestamp. If multiple rounds of review occur, the final time is calculated at thelast action taken. With that in mind, our Global median TAT for content and account reports is approximately 10 minutes.
For additional information regarding Snap’s approach to Safety, Privacy, and Transparency, visit our Privacy & Safety Hub, and our About Transparency Reporting page.

Snap Inc.
California Terms of Service Report
October 1 - December 31, 2023

Annexes

Submitted: April 01, 2024

Home

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AdvertIf you live in the United States or if your principal place of business is in the UnitedStates, you are agreeing to the Snap Inc. Terms of Service.
If you live outside the United States or if your principal place of business is outside of
the United States, you are agreeing to the Snap Group Limited Terms of Service.

Snap Inc. Terms of Service
Eﬀective: August 15, 2023

Welcome!
We’ve drafted these Terms of Service (which we call the “Terms”) so you’ll know therules that govern our relationship with you as a user of our Services. Although wehave tried our best to strip the legalese from the Terms, there are places where they
may still read like a traditional contract. There’s a good reason for that: these Terms
form a legally binding contract between you and Snap Inc. (“Snap”). So please readthem carefully.
By using Snapchat, Bitmoji, or any of our other products or services that are subject
to these Terms (which we refer to collectively as the “Services”), you agree to theTerms. If so, Snap grants you a non-assignable, non-exclusive, revocable, and nonsublicensable license to use the Services in accordance with these Terms and ourpolicies. Of course, if you don’t agree with the Terms, then don’t use the Services.
These Terms apply if you live in the United States or if your principal place ofbusiness is in the United States. If you live outside of the United States or if yourprincipal place of business is outside of the United States, Snap Group Limited
provides you the Services and your relationship is governed by the Snap Group
Limited Terms of Service.
ARBITRATION NOTICE: THESE TERMS CONTAIN AN ARBITRATION CLAUSE A
LITTLE LATER ON. YOU AND SNAP AGREE THAT, EXCEPT FOR CERTAIN TYPES OFDISPUTES MENTIONED IN THAT ARBITRATION CLAUSE, DISPUTES BETWEEN US
WILL BE RESOLVED BY MANDATORY BINDING ARBITRATION, AND YOU AND SNAPWAIVE ANY RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN A CLASS-ACTION LAWSUIT OR CLASSWIDE ARBITRATION. YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO OPT OUT OF ARBITRATION AS
EXPLAINED IN THAT ARBITRATION CLAUSE.

1. Who Can Use the Services
Our services are not directed to children under the age of 13, and you must con irm
that you are 13 years or older to create an account and use the Services. If we haveactual knowledge that you are under the age of 13 (or the minimum age at which aperson may use the Services in your state, province, or country without parental
consent, if greater), we will cease providing Services to you and delete your accountand your data. We may oﬀer additional Services with additional terms that may
require you to be even older to use them. So please read all such terms carefully. By
using the Services, you represent, warrant, and agree that:you can form a binding contract with Snap;
you are not a person who is barred from using the Services under the laws of theUnited States or any other applicable jurisdiction — including, for example, thatyou do not appear on the U.S. Treasury Department’s list of Specially DesignatedNationals or face any other similar prohibition;
you are not a convicted sex oﬀender; andyou will comply with these Terms (including any other terms and policies
referenced in these Terms, such as the Community Guidelines, Music on Snapchat
Guidelines, and the Commercial Content Policy) and all applicable local, state,national, and international laws, rules, and regulations.
If you are using the Services on behalf of a business or some other entity, yourepresent that you are authorized to bind that business or entity to these Terms andyou agree to these Terms on behalf of that business or entity (and all references to“you” and “your” in these Terms will mean both you as the end user and that businessor entity). If you are using the Services on behalf of an entity of the U.S. Government,
you agree to the Amendment to Snap Inc. Terms of Service for U.S. Government
Users.
In summary: Our Services are not directed to anyone under the age of 13 or theminimum age at which a person may use the Services in your state, province, orcountry if it is older than 13. If we become aware that you are under this age we willsuspend your use of the Services and delete your account and data. Other terms may
apply to our Services which require you to be even older to use them so please review
these carefully when prompted.

2. Rights You Grant Us
Many of our Services let you create, upload, post, send, receive, and store content.
When you do that, you retain whatever ownership rights in that content you had tobegin with. But you grant us a license to use that content. How broad that license isdepends on which Services you use and the settings you have selected.
For all content you submit to the Services (including Public Content), you grant Snapand our a iliates a worldwide, royalty-free, sublicensable, and transferable license tohost, store, cache, use, display, reproduce, modify, adapt, edit, publish, analyze,
transmit, and distribute that content. This license is for the purpose of operating,developing, providing, promoting, and improving the Services and researching anddeveloping new ones. This license includes a right for us to make your content
available to, and pass these rights along to, service providers with whom we havecontractual relationships related to the provision of the Services, solely for the
purpose of providing such Services.
We call Public Story submissions and any other content you submit to publicServices, like Public Pro iles, Spotlight, Snap Map, or Lens Studio, “Public Content.”
Because Public Content is inherently public, you grant Snap, our a iliates, otherusers of the Services, and our business partners an unrestricted, worldwide, royaltyfree, irrevocable, and perpetual right and license to create derivative works from,promote, exhibit, broadcast, syndicate, reproduce, distribute, synchronize, overlay
graphics and auditory eﬀects on, publicly perform, and publicly display all or any
portion of your Public Content in any form and in any and all media or distribution
methods, now known or later developed, for commercial and non-commercial
purposes. This license applies to the separate video, image, sound recording, ormusical compositions contained in your Public Content, as well as the name, image,likeness, and voice of anyone featured in Public Content that you create, upload,
post, send, or appear in (including as re lected in your Bitmoji). This means, among
other things, that you will not be entitled to any compensation if your content,
videos, photos, sound recordings, musical compositions, name, image, likeness, orvoice are used by us, our a iliates, users of the Services, or our business partners.
For information about how to tailor who can watch your content, please take a look at
our Privacy Policy and Support Site. All Public Content must be appropriate forpeople ages 13+.
While we’re not required to do so, we may access, review, screen, and delete yourcontent at any time and for any reason, including to provide and develop theServices or if we think your content violates these Terms or any applicable laws. You
alone, though, remain responsible for the content you create, upload, post, send, or
store through the Services.
We, our a iliates, and our third-party partners may place advertising on the Services,
including personalized advertising based on the information you provide us, wecollect, or we obtain about you. Advertising may sometimes appear near, between,
over, or in your content.

We always love to hear from our users. But if you provide feedback or suggestions,just know that we can use them without compensating you, and without any
restriction or obligation to you. You agree that we will own all rights in anything wedevelop based on such feedback or suggestions.
In summary: If you post content that you own to the Services, you remain the owner
but you allow us and others to use it to provide and promote our Services. You also
allow other users to view and, in some cases, use any content you make available toothers on the Services. We have various rights to change and remove your content,
but you always remain responsible for everything you create, post or share.

3. Additional Terms for Speci ic Services
Additional terms and conditions listed on the Snap Terms & Policies page or that areotherwise made available to you may apply to speci ic Services. If you use thoseServices, then those additional terms may apply and will then become part of theseTerms. If any of the applicable additional terms con lict with these Terms, theadditional terms will override and apply in place of the con licting parts of theseTerms while you are using the Services to which those additional terms apply.
In summary: Additional terms may apply, please take the time to read them carefully.

4. Privacy
Your privacy matters to us. You can learn how your information is handled when you
use our Services by reading our Privacy Policy.

5. Personalized Recommendations
Our Services provide personalized recommendations. This is designed to make our
Services more relevant and engaging for you. We will recommend content,
advertising, and other information to you based on what we know and infer about
your and others’ interests from use of our Services. It is necessary for us to handle
your personal data for this purpose, as we explain in our Privacy Policy. It is also a
condition of our contract with you for us to be able to do so, unless you opt toreceive less personalization in the Services. You can ind more information on
personalized recommendations on our Support Site.
In summary: Some of our Services provide personalized advertising and otherrecommendations to you based on data we collect as explained here and in our
Privacy Policy.

6. Content Moderation
Much of the content on our Services is produced by users, publishers, and otherthird parties. Whether that content is posted publicly or sent privately, the content isthe sole responsibility of the user or entity that submitted it. Although Snap reserves
the right to review, moderate, or remove all content that appears on the Services, we
do not review all of it. So we cannot — and do not — guarantee that other users or
the content they provide through the Services will comply with our Terms,
Community Guidelines or our other terms, policies or guidelines. You can read more
about Snap’s approach to content moderation on our Support Site.
Users can report content produced by others or others’ accounts for violation of ourTerms, Community Guidelines or other guidelines and policies. More information
about how to report content and accounts is available on our Support Site.
We hope you’ll understand any decisions we make about content or user accounts,
but if you have any complaints or concerns, you can use the submission form
available here or use available in-app options. If you use this process, your complaint
must be submitted within six months of the relevant decision.
Upon receiving a complaint, we will:
ensure the complaint is reviewed in a timely, non-discriminatory, diligent and nonarbitrary manner;reverse our decision if we determine our initial assessment was incorrect; andinform you of our decision and of any possibilities for redress promptly.
In summary: Most content on the Services is owned or controlled by others and we
don't have any control or responsibility over that content. We have content moderation
policies and processes in place that apply to content on the Services.

7. Respecting the Services and Snap’s Rights
As between you and us, Snap is the owner of the Services, which includes all related
brands, works of authorship, Bitmoji avatars that you assemble, software, and otherproprietary content, features, and technology.
You must also respect Snap’s rights and adhere to the Snapchat Brand Guidelines,
Bitmoji Brand Guidelines, and any other guidelines, support pages, or FAQs
published by Snap or our a iliates. That means, among other things, you may not do,
attempt to do, enable, or encourage anyone else to do, any of the following anddoing so may result in us terminating or suspending your access to the Services:use branding, logos, icons, user interface elements, product or brand look and feel,designs, photographs, videos, or any other materials Snap makes available via theServices, except as explicitly allowed by these Terms, the Snapchat Brand
Guidelines, Bitmoji Brand Guidelines, or other brand guidelines published by Snapor our a iliates;violate or infringe Snap’s, our a iliates’, or any other third party’s copyrights,
trademarks, or other intellectual property rights, including by using the Services tosubmit, display, post, create, or generate any infringing content;
copy, modify, archive, download, upload, disclose, distribute, sell, lease, syndicate,broadcast, perform, display, make available, make derivatives of, or otherwise use
the Services or the content on the Services, other than temporary iles that areautomatically cached by your web browser for display purposes, as otherwise
expressly permitted in these Terms, as otherwise expressly permitted by us inwriting, or as enabled by the Service’s intended functionality;
create another account if we have already disabled your account, attempt toaccess the Services through unauthorized third-party applications, solicit login
credentials from other users, or buy, sell, rent, or lease access to your account, ausername, Snaps, or a friend link;
reverse engineer, duplicate, decompile, disassemble, or decode the Services(including any underlying idea or algorithm), or otherwise extract the source codeof the software of the Service;use any robot, spider, crawler, scraper, or other automated means or interface toaccess the Services or extract other users’ information;use or develop any third-party applications that interact with the Services or otherusers’ content or information without our written consent;
use the Services in a way that could interfere with, disrupt, negatively aﬀect, or
inhibit other users from fully enjoying the Services, or that could damage, disable,
overburden, or impair the functioning of the Services;
upload viruses or other malicious code or otherwise compromise, bypass, or
circumvent the security of the Services;attempt to circumvent any content- iltering techniques we employ, or attempt toaccess areas or features of the Services that you are not authorized to access;probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of our Services or any system or network;
violate any applicable law or regulation in connection with your access to or use of
the Services; oraccess or use the Services in any way not expressly permitted by these Terms or
our Community Guidelines.
In summary: We own or control all of the content, features and functionalities of theServices. To ensure the Services and other users are protected from harm, there arerules we need you to follow when you use our Services. Failure to comply with theserules may result in suspension or termination of your account.

8. Respecting Others' Rights
Snap respects the rights of others. And so should you. You therefore may not use theServices, or enable anyone else to use the Services, in a manner that violates orinfringes someone else’s rights of publicity, privacy, copyright, trademark, or otherintellectual property right. When you submit content to the Services, you agree andrepresent that you own that content, or that you have received all necessary
permissions, clearances, and authorizations in order to submit it to the Services(including, if applicable, the right to make mechanical reproductions of the musicalworks embodied in any sound recordings, synchronize any compositions to any
content, publicly perform any compositions or sound recordings, or any otherapplicable rights for any music not provided by Snap that you include in yourcontent) and grant the rights and licenses contained in these Terms for your content.
You also agree that you will not use or attempt to use another user’s account except
as permitted by Snap or its a iliates.
Snap honors copyright laws, including the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and takes
reasonable steps to expeditiously remove from our Services any infringing material
that we become aware of. If Snap becomes aware that a user has repeatedly
infringed copyrights, we will take reasonable steps within our power to suspend or
terminate the user’s account. If you believe that anything on the Services infringes a
copyright that you own or control, please report it using the form accessible throughthis tool. Or you may ile a notice with our designated agent: Snap Inc., Attn:
Copyright Agent, 3000 31st Street, Santa Monica, CA 90405, email: copyright @snap.com. Don’t use this email address for anything other than reporting copyright
infringement, as such emails will be ignored. To report other forms of infringementon the Services, please use the tool accessible here. If you ile a notice with our
Copyright Agent, it must comply with the requirements set forth at 17 U.S.C. § 512(c)(3). That means the notice must:
contain the physical or electronic signature of a person authorized to act on behalfof the copyright owner;
identify the copyrighted work claimed to have been infringed;
identify the material that is claimed to be infringing or to be the subject of
infringing activity and that is to be removed, or access to which is to be disabled,
and information reasonably su icient to let us locate the material;
provide your contact information, including your address, telephone number, andan email address;

provide a personal statement that you have a good-faith belief that the use of thematerial in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its
agent, or the law; andprovide a statement that the information in the noti ication is accurate and, underpenalty of perjury, that you are authorized to act on behalf of the copyright owner.
In summary: Make sure you own or have the right to use any content you makeavailable on the Services. If you use content owned by someone else without
permission, we may terminate your account. If you see anything which you believe
infringes your intellectual property rights, let us know.

9. Safety
We try hard to keep our Services a safe place for all users. But we can’t guarantee it.
That’s where you come in. By using the Services, you agree that you will at all times
comply with these Terms, including our Community Guidelines and any otherpolicies Snap makes available in order to maintain the safety of the Services.
If you fail to comply, we reserve the right to remove any oﬀending content; terminate
or limit the visibility of your account, and retain data relating to your account inaccordance with our data retention policies; and notify third parties — including law
enforcement — and provide those third parties with information relating to youraccount. This step may be necessary to protect the safety of our users, and others, toinvestigate, remedy, and enforce potential Terms violations, and to detect andresolve any fraud or security concerns.
We also care about your physical safety while using our Services. So do not use our
Services in a way that would distract you from obeying tra ic or safety laws. For
example, never use the Services while driving. And never put yourself or others inharm’s way just to capture a Snap or to engage with other Snapchat features.
In summary: We try to make our Services as safe as possible, but we need your help.
These Terms, our Community Guidelines, and other Snap policies contain important
information about how to keep the Services and other users safe. And never put
yourself or others in harm’s way when using our Services.

10. Your AccountTo use certain Services, you need to create an account. You agree to provide us withaccurate, complete, and updated information for your account. You are responsible
for any activity that occurs in your account. So it’s important that you keep youraccount secure. One way to help keep your account secure is to select a strong
password that you don’t use for any other account and to enable two-factor
authentication. If you think that someone has gained access to your account, please
immediately reach out to Support. Any software that we provide to you may

automatically download and install upgrades, updates, or other new features. You
may be able to adjust these automatic downloads through your device’s settings. You
agree not to create any account if we have previously removed or banned you or
your account from any of our Services, unless we consent otherwise.
In summary: Keep your account details safe and secure. Only use an account if you
are authorized by us to do so.

11. Memories
Memories is our personalized data-storage service that makes it easier for you toreminisce anytime, anywhere. One of the options we provide with Memories is theability to create a restricted area by setting a passcode. By setting a passcode, youmake it less likely that another person who gets ahold of your device will be able tosee what you saved to the restricted area of Memories. But here’s a big warning: If
you lose or forget your Memories passcode, or if you enter the wrong one too manytimes, you will lose access to any content you saved in the restricted area ofMemories. We don’t oﬀer any passcode recovery features for this restricted area. You
are solely responsible for remembering your passcode. Please go to our Support Site
for more details on passcodes.
Your content in Memories might become unavailable for any number of reasons,
including things like an operational glitch or a decision on our end to terminate youraccount. Since we can’t promise that your content will always be available, we
recommend keeping a separate copy of content you save to Memories. We make no
promise that Memories will be able to accommodate your precise storage needs. We
reserve the right to set storage limits for Memories, or to prohibit certain types ofcontent from being eligible for use with Memories, and we may change these limits
and prohibitions from time to time in our sole discretion.
In summary: Memories will be automatically enabled, but you can control somefeatures. Please be careful with your Memories passcode as we can't help you recover
it if you forget. We cannot guarantee that any Memories will be stored forever either,so please do keep a backup.

12. Data Charges and Mobile Phones
You are responsible for any mobile charges that you may incur for using our Services.
This includes data charges and charges for messaging, such as SMS, MMS, or othermessaging protocols or technologies (collectively, “Messages”). If you’re unsure what
those charges may be, you should ask your service provider before using theServices.
By providing us with your mobile phone number you agree, among other things, toreceive Messages from Snap related to the Services, including about promotions(where we have consent or as permitted by law), your account, and your relationshipwith Snap. You agree that these Messages may be received even if your mobile
phone number is registered on any state or federal Do Not Call list, or international
equivalent.
If you change or deactivate the mobile phone number that you used to create an
account, you must update your account information through Settings within 72 hours
to prevent us from sending messages intended for you to someone else.
In summary: We may send you Messages, and mobile charges may apply when you
use our Services.

13. Third-Party Materials and Services
Certain Services may display, include, or make available content, data, information,
applications, features, or materials from third parties (“Third-Party Materials”),
provide links to certain third-party websites, or permit the use of third-party services
in connection with those Services. If you use any Third-Party Materials or third-party
services made available through or in connection with our Services (including
Services we jointly oﬀer with the third party), the applicable third-party’s terms will
govern their relationship with you. Neither Snap nor any of our a iliates is responsible
or liable for a third party’s terms or actions taken under any third party’s terms.
Further, by using the Services, you acknowledge and agree that Snap is not
responsible for examining or evaluating the content, accuracy, completeness,availability, timeliness, validity, copyright compliance, legality, decency, quality, or
any other aspect of such Third-Party Materials or third-party services or websites. We
do not warrant or endorse and do not assume and will not have any liability or
responsibility to you or any other person for any third-party services, Third-Party
Materials, or third-party websites, or for any other materials, products, or services ofthird parties. Third-Party Materials, the availability of third-party services and links toother websites are provided solely as a convenience to you.
In summary: Snap isn't responsible for third-party features, content or services
accessible via or in connection with our Services – please make sure you read thethird party's terms.

14. Modifying the Services and These Terms
We’re relentlessly improving our Services and creating new ones all the time. Thatmeans we may add or remove features, products, or functionalities, and we may also
suspend or stop the Services altogether. We may take any of these actions at any
time for any reason, and when we do, we may not provide you with any notice
beforehand.
This also means we may need to update these Terms to re lect any changes to ourServices or how we provide them, as well as to comply with legal requirements, or forother legal or security reasons. If those changes to these Terms are material we will

provide you with reasonable advance notice (unless changes are required sooner, forexample, as a result of a change in legal requirements or where we are launching
new Services or features). If you continue to use the Services once the changes
come into eﬀect, we will take that as your acceptance.
In summary: Our Services are going to evolve over time. We may update these Terms
from time to time to re lect these changes or for other reasons.

15. Termination and Suspension
While we hope you remain a lifelong Snapchatter, you can terminate these Terms at
any time if you do not agree with any changes we make to these Terms, or for any
other reason, by deleting your Snapchat account (or, in some cases, the accountassociated with the applicable part of the Services you are using).
We may restrict, terminate, or temporarily suspend your access to the Services if you
fail to comply with these Terms, our Community Guidelines or the law, for reasonsoutside of our control, or for any other reason. That means that we may terminate
these Terms, stop providing you with all or any part of the Services, or impose new oradditional limits on your ability to use our Services. For example, we may deactivate
your account due to prolonged inactivity, and we may reclaim your username at any
time for any reason. And while we’ll try to give you reasonable notice beforehand, we
can’t guarantee that notice will be possible in all circumstances.
Where we restrict, terminate or suspend your access to the Services for violation of
our Community Guidelines, we will notify you and provide an opportunity for you toappeal.
Before we restrict, terminate or suspend your access to the Services, we will take into
account all relevant facts and circumstances apparent from the information available
to us, depending on the underlying reason for taking that action. For example, if you
violate our Community Guidelines we consider the severity, frequency, and impact ofthe violations as well as the intention behind the violation. This will inform ourdecision whether to restrict, terminate or suspend your access to the Services and, inthe event of suspension, how long we suspend your access. You can ind out more
about how we assess and take action against misuse of our Services on our Support
Site.
Regardless of who terminates these Terms, both you and Snap continue to be boundby Sections 2, 3 (to the extent any additional terms and conditions would, by theirterms, survive), and 6 - 24 of the Terms.
In summary: You can stop using the Services or delete your account at any time andfor any reason, including if you don't like any changes to these Terms. We can restrict
or terminate your access to the Services for the reasons set out above. When we do,we’ll provide you notice in most cases, as well as an opportunity to appeal thedecision.

16. Indemnity
You agree, to the extent permitted by law, to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless
Snap, our a iliates, directors, o icers, stockholders, employees, licensors, andagents from and against any and all complaints, charges, claims, damages, losses,
costs, liabilities, and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) due to, arising out of, or
relating in any way to: (a) your access to or use of the Services, or any products orservices provided by a third party in connection with the Services, even if
recommended, made available, or approved by Snap, (b) your content, including
infringement claims related to your content, (c) your breach of these Terms or any
applicable law or regulation, or (d) your negligence or willful misconduct.
In summary: If you cause us some damage, you will compensate us.

17. Disclaimers
We try to keep the Services up and running and free of annoyances. But we make no
promises that we will succeed.
THE SERVICES ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” AND TO THE EXTENTPERMITTED BY LAW WITHOUT WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN ADDITION, WHILE WE ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE A GOOD USER
EXPERIENCE, WE DO NOT REPRESENT OR WARRANT THAT: (A) THE SERVICES WILLALWAYS BE SECURE, ERROR-FREE, OR TIMELY, (B) THE SERVICES WILL ALWAYS
FUNCTION WITHOUT DELAYS, DISRUPTIONS, OR IMPERFECTIONS, OR (C) THAT ANY
CONTENT, USER CONTENT, OR INFORMATION YOU OBTAIN ON OR THROUGH THE
SERVICES WILL BE TIMELY OR ACCURATE.
NEITHER WE NOR OUR AFFILIATES TAKE RESPONSIBILITY OR ASSUME LIABILITY FOR
ANY CONTENT THAT YOU, ANOTHER USER, OR A THIRD PARTY CREATES, UPLOADS,POSTS, SENDS, RECEIVES, OR STORES ON OR THROUGH OUR SERVICES. YOU
UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT YOU MAY BE EXPOSED TO CONTENT THAT MIGHT
BE OFFENSIVE, ILLEGAL, MISLEADING, OR OTHERWISE INAPPROPRIATE, NONE OF
WHICH WE OR OUR AFFILIATES WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR.
In summary: Snap will try to make the Services available to you, but we do not makeany promises regarding quality and will not be liable for any content which is not ours.

18. Limitation of Liability

TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, WE AND OUR MANAGING MEMBERS,SHAREHOLDERS, EMPLOYEES, AFFILIATES, LICENSORS, AGENTS, AND SUPPLIERS
WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL,
PUNITIVE, OR MULTIPLE DAMAGES, OR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS OR REVENUES,WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE,
GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM: (A) YOUR ACCESSTO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE SERVICES, (B) THE CONDUCTOR CONTENT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES ON OR THROUGH THE SERVICES,OR (C) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE, OR ALTERATION OF YOUR CONTENT, EVEN IFWE HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENTWILL OUR AGGREGATE LIABILITY FOR ALL CLAIMS RELATING TO THE SERVICES
EXCEED THE GREATER OF $100 USD OR THE AMOUNT YOU PAID US IN THE 12
MONTHS PRECEDING THE DATE OF THE ACTIVITY GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM.
In summary: We limit our liability for anything you do, instances where you cannot
access the Services, things others do, and any issues resulting from unauthorized useof our Services. Where we are liable to you and you have suﬀered some loss, we limit
our liability to a set amount.

19. Arbitration, Class-Action Waiver, and Jury Waiver
PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING PARAGRAPHS CAREFULLY BECAUSE THEY PROVIDETHAT YOU AND SNAP AGREE TO RESOLVE ALL DISPUTES BETWEEN US THROUGH
BINDING INDIVIDUAL ARBITRATION AND INCLUDE A CLASS ACTION WAIVER AND
JURY TRIAL WAIVER. This Arbitration Agreement supersedes all prior versions.
a. Applicability of Arbitration Agreement. In this Section 19 (the “Arbitration
Agreement”), you and Snap agree that all claims and disputes (whether contract,
tort, or otherwise), including all statutory claims and disputes, arising out of or
relating to these Terms or the use of the Services or any communications between
you and Snap that are not brought in small claims court will be resolved by binding
arbitration on an individual basis, except that you and Snap are not required toarbitrate any: (i) disputes or claims within the jurisdiction of a small claims court
consistent with the jurisdictional and dollar limits that may apply, as long as it is anindividual dispute and not a class action, (ii) disputes or claims where the only relief
sought is injunctive relief, and (iii) disputes in which either party seeks equitable relief
for the alleged unlawful use of copyrights, trademarks, trade names, logos, trade
secrets, patents or other intellectual property rights. To be clear: the phrase “allclaims and disputes” also includes claims and disputes that arose between us before
the eﬀective date of these Terms. In addition, all disputes concerning the arbitrabilityof a claim (including disputes about the scope, applicability, enforceability,
revocability, or validity of the Arbitration Agreement) shall be decided by thearbitrator, except as expressly provided below.

b. Informal Dispute Resolution First. We want to address any disputes without
needing arbitration. If you have a dispute with Snap that is subject to arbitration, thenprior to initiating arbitration, you agree to mail an individualized request (“PreArbitration Demand”) to Snap Inc., ATTN: Litigation Department, 3000 31st Street,Santa Monica, CA 90405 so that we can work together to resolve the dispute. A PreArbitration Demand is valid only if it pertains to, and is on behalf of, a single
individual. A Pre-Arbitration Demand brought on behalf of multiple individuals is
invalid as to all. The Pre-Arbitration Demand must include: (i) your name, (ii) yourSnapchat username, (iii) your name, telephone number, email address and mailingaddress or the name, telephone number, mailing address and email address of yourcounsel, if any, (iv) a description of your dispute, and (iv) your signature. Likewise, if
Snap has a dispute with you, Snap will send an email or text message with its
individualized Pre-Arbitration Demand, including the requirements listed above, tothe email address or phone number associated with your Snapchat account. If the
dispute is not resolved within sixty (60) days of the date that you or Snap send your
Pre-Arbitration Demand, arbitration may then be iled. You agree that compliancewith this subsection is a condition precedent to commencing arbitration, and thatthe arbitrator shall dismiss any arbitration iled without fully and completely
complying with these informal dispute resolution procedures. Notwithstanding anyother provision of this Agreement, the Arbitration Agreement or ADR Services’ Rules,
the party against whom an arbitration has been iled has the right to seek a judicial
declaration in court regarding whether the arbitration should be dismissed for failure
to comply with the informal dispute resolution process set forth in this subsection.
c. Arbitration Rules. The Federal Arbitration Act, including its procedural provisions,
governs the interpretation and enforcement of this dispute-resolution provision, andnot state law. If, after completing the informal dispute resolution process describedabove, you or Snap wishes to initiate arbitration, the arbitration will be conducted by
ADR Services, Inc. (“ADR Services”) (https://www.adrservices.com/). If ADR Services
is not available to arbitrate, the arbitration will be conducted by National Arbitrationand Mediation (“NAM) (https://www.namadr.com/). The rules of the arbitral forum will
govern all aspects of this arbitration, except to the extent those rules con lict withthese Terms. The arbitration will be conducted by a single neutral arbitrator. Anyclaims or disputes where the total amount sought is less than $10,000 USD may beresolved through binding non-appearance-based arbitration, at the option of theparty seeking relief. For claims or disputes where the total amount sought is $10,000
USD or more, the right to a hearing will be determined by the arbitral forum’s rules.
Any judgment on the award rendered by the arbitrator may be entered in any court ofcompetent jurisdiction.
d. Additional Rules for Non-appearance Arbitration. If non-appearance arbitration iselected, the arbitration will be conducted by telephone, online, written submissions,or any combination of the three; the speci ic manner will be chosen by the party

initiating the arbitration. The arbitration will not involve any personal appearance by
the parties or witnesses unless the parties mutually agree otherwise.
e. Fees. If Snap is the party initiating an arbitration against you, Snap will pay all costs
associated with the arbitration, including the entire iling fee. If you are the party
initiating an arbitration against Snap, you will be responsible for the nonrefundable
Initial Filing Fee. If, however, the amount of the Initial Filing Fee is more than you
would have to pay to ile a Complaint in the United States District Court for theCentral District of California (or, for cases where that court would lack original
jurisdiction, the California Superior Court, County of Los Angeles), Snap will pay thediﬀerence between the Initial Filing Fee and the amount you would have to pay to ile
a Complaint in Court. Snap will pay both parties’ Administrative Fee. Otherwise, ADR
Services sets forth fees for its services, which are available athttps://www.adrservices.com/rate-fee-schedule/.
f. Authority of the Arbitrator. The arbitrator will decide the jurisdiction of thearbitrator and the rights and liabilities, if any, of you and Snap. The dispute will not be
consolidated with any other matters or joined with any other cases or parties. The
arbitrator will have the authority to grant motions dispositive of all or part of any
claim or dispute. The arbitrator will have the authority to award monetary damages
and to grant any non-monetary remedy or relief available to an individual under law,
the arbitral forum’s rules, and the Terms. The arbitrator will issue a written award andstatement of decision describing the essential indings and conclusions on which theaward is based, including the calculation of any damages awarded. The arbitrator has
the same authority to award relief on an individual basis that a judge in a court of law
would have. The award of the arbitrator is inal and binding upon you and Snap.
g. Settlement Oﬀers and Oﬀers of Judgement. At least ten (10) calendar days before
the date set for the arbitration hearing, you or Snap may serve a written oﬀer of
judgment on the other party to allow judgment on speci ied terms. If the oﬀer is
accepted, the oﬀer with proof of acceptance shall be submitted to the arbitration
provider, who shall enter judgment accordingly. If the oﬀer is not accepted prior to
the arbitration hearing or within thirty (30) calendar days after it is made, whicheveris irst, it shall be deemed withdrawn and cannot be given as evidence in thearbitration. If an oﬀer made by one party is not accepted by the other party, and theother party fails to obtain a more favorable award, the other party shall not recover
their post-oﬀer costs and shall pay the oﬀering party’s costs (including all fees paid tothe arbitral forum) from the time of the oﬀer.
h. Waiver of Jury Trial. YOU AND SNAP WAIVE ANY CONSTITUTIONAL AND
STATUTORY RIGHTS TO GO TO COURT AND HAVE A TRIAL IN FRONT OF A JUDGE ORA JURY. You and Snap are instead electing to have claims and disputes resolved byarbitration. Arbitration procedures are typically more limited, more e icient, and lesscostly than rules applicable in court and are subject to very limited review by a court.
In any litigation between you and Snap over whether to vacate or enforce anarbitration award, YOU AND SNAP WAIVE ALL RIGHTS TO A JURY TRIAL, and electinstead to have the dispute be resolved by a judge.
i. Waiver of Class or Consolidated Actions. ALL CLAIMS AND DISPUTES WITHIN THE
SCOPE OF THIS ARBITRATION AGREEMENT MUST BE ARBITRATED OR LITIGATED ON
AN INDIVIDUAL BASIS AND NOT ON A CLASS BASIS. CLAIMS OF MORE THAN ONE
CUSTOMER OR USER CANNOT BE ARBITRATED OR LITIGATED JOINTLY OR
CONSOLIDATED WITH THOSE OF ANY OTHER CUSTOMER OR USER. This subsection
does not prevent you or Snap from participating in a class-wide settlement of claims.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Arbitration Agreement or
ADR Services’ Rules, disputes regarding the interpretation, applicability, or
enforceability of this waiver may be resolved only by a court and not by an arbitrator.
IF THIS CLASS ACTION WAIVER IS LIMITED, VOIDED, OR FOUND UNENFORCEABLE,
THEN, UNLESS THE PARTIES MUTUALLY AGREE OTHERWISE, THE PARTIES’
AGREEMENT TO ARBITRATE SHALL BE NULL AND VOID WITH RESPECT TO SUCHPROCEEDING SO LONG AS THE PROCEEDING IS PERMITTED TO PROCEED AS A
CLASS ACTION. IN SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES, ANY PUTATIVE CLASS, PRIVATEATTORNEY GENERAL, OR CONSOLIDATED OR REPRESENTATIVE ACTION THAT ISPERMITTED TO PROCEED MUST BE BROUGHT IN A COURT OF PROPER JURISDICTION
AND NOT IN ARBITRATION.
j. Right to Waive. Any rights and limitations set forth in this Arbitration Agreement
may be waived by the party against whom the claim is asserted. Such waiver will not
waive or aﬀect any other portion of this Arbitration Agreement.
k. Opt-out. You may opt out of this Arbitration Agreement. If you do so, neither you
nor Snap can force the other to arbitrate. To opt out, you must notify Snap inwriting no later than 30 days after irst becoming subject to this Arbitration
Agreement; otherwise you shall be bound to arbitrate disputes on a non-class basis
in accordance with these Terms. If you opt out of only the arbitration provisions,and not also the class action waiver, the class action waiver still applies. You may
not opt out of only the class action waiver and not also the arbitration provisions.
Your notice must include your name and address, your Snapchat username and theemail address you used to set up your Snapchat account (if you have one), and an
unequivocal statement that you want to opt out of this Arbitration Agreement. You
must either mail your opt-out notice to this address: Snap Inc., Attn: Arbitration
Opt-out, 3000 31st Street, Santa Monica, CA 90405, or email the opt-out notice toarbitration-opt-out @ snap.com.
l. Small Claims Court. Notwithstanding the foregoing, either you or Snap may bringan individual action in small claims court.
m. Arbitration Agreement Survival. This Arbitration Agreement will survive thetermination of your relationship with Snap, including any revocation of consent orother action by you to end your participation in the Service or any communication
with Snap.
In summary: Unless you exercise your right to opt out, Snap and you will resolve all
claims and disputes irst through an informal dispute resolution process and, if that
does not resolve the issue, on an individual basis using binding arbitration. Thismeans that you cannot bring a class action suit against us in the event of a claim or
dispute.

20. Exclusive Venue
To the extent that these Terms allow you or Snap to initiate litigation in a court, both
you and Snap agree that, except for a claim that may be brought in small claims
court, all claims and disputes (whether contract, tort, or otherwise), including
statutory claims and disputes, arising out of or relating to the Terms or the use of theServices will be litigated exclusively in the United States District Court for the Central
District of California. If, however, that court would lack original jurisdiction over thelitigation, then all such claims and disputes will be litigated exclusively in the
Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles. You and Snap consent to thepersonal jurisdiction of both courts.

21. Choice of Law
Except to the extent they are preempted by U.S. federal law, the laws of California,
other than its con lict-of-laws principles, govern these Terms and any claims anddisputes (whether contract, tort, or otherwise) arising out of or relating to theseTerms or their subject matter.

22. Severability
If any provision of these Terms is found unenforceable, then that provision will be
removed from these Terms and not aﬀect the validity and enforceability of any
remaining provisions.

23. California Residents
If you are a California resident, in accordance with Cal. Civ. Code § 1789.3, you may
report complaints to the Complaint Assistance Unit of the Division of Consumer
Services of the California Department of Consumer Aﬀairs by contacting them inwriting at 1625 North Market Blvd., Suite N 112 Sacramento, CA 95834, or bytelephone at (800) 952-5210.

24. Final Terms

These Terms, including the additional terms referenced in Section 3, make up theentire agreement between you and Snap, and supersede any prior agreements.
These Terms do not create or confer any third-party bene iciary rights. If we do not
enforce a provision in these Terms, it will not be considered a waiver of our rights toenforce these Terms. We reserve the right to transfer our rights under these Terms
and provide the Services using another entity, provided that entity upholds theseTerms. You may not transfer any of your rights or obligations under these Terms
without our consent. We reserve all rights not expressly granted to you. Where wehave provided summary sections in these Terms, these summaries have been
included for your convenience only and you should read these Terms in full tounderstand your legal rights and obligations.

25. Contact Us
Snap welcomes comments, questions, concerns, or suggestions. Please contact us
by visiting https://help.snapchat.com/.
Snap Inc. is located in the United States at 3000 31st Street, Santa Monica, California
90405.

Snap Group Limited Terms ofServiceEﬀective: August 15, 2023

Welcome!
We’ve drafted these Terms of Service (which we call the “Terms”) so you’ll know therules that govern our relationship with you as a user of our Services. Although wehave tried our best to strip the legalese from the Terms, there are places where they
may still read like a traditional contract. There’s a good reason for that: these Terms
form a legally binding contract between you and Snap Group Limited (“Snap”). So
please read them carefully.
In order to use Snapchat, Bitmoji, or any of our other products or services that are
subject to these Terms (which we refer to collectively as the “Services”), you must
accept these Terms, which are presented to you when you irst open the app. If so,
Snap grants you a non-assignable, non-exclusive, revocable, and non-sublicensablelicence to use the Services in accordance with these Terms and our policies. Of
course, if you don’t accept them, then don’t use the Services.
These Terms apply if you live outside the United States or if your principal place ofbusiness is outside of the United States. If you live in the United States or if yourprincipal place of business is in the United States, Snap Inc. provides you theServices and your relationship is governed by the Snap Inc. Terms of Service.
ARBITRATION NOTICE: IF YOU’RE USING THE SERVICES ON BEHALF OF A BUSINESS,
THEN YOUR BUSINESS WILL BE BOUND BY THE ARBITRATION CLAUSE THAT APPEARSLATER IN THESE TERMS.

1. Who Can Use the Services
Our services are not directed to children under the age of 13, and you must con irm
that you are 13 years or older to create an account and use the Services. If we haveactual knowledge that you are under the age of 13 (or the minimum age at which aperson may use the Services in your state, province or country without parental
consent, if greater), we will cease providing Services to you and delete your accountand your data. We may oﬀer additional Services with additional terms that may
require you to be even older to use them. So please read all such terms carefully. By
using the Services, you con irm that (and represent and warrant that):
you can form a binding contract with Snap;
you are not a person who is barred from using the Services under the laws of theUnited States, the United Kingdom, or any other applicable jurisdiction —including, for example, that you do not appear on the U.S. Treasury Department’s
list of Specially Designated Nationals or face any other similar prohibition;
you are not a convicted sex oﬀender; andyou will comply with these Terms (including any other terms and policies
referenced in these Terms, such as the Community Guidelines, Music on Snapchat
Guidelines, and the Commercial Content Policy) and all applicable local, state,national, and international laws, rules, and regulations.
If you are using the Services on behalf of a business or some other entity, you
con irm that you are authorised to bind that business or entity to these Terms andyou agree to these Terms on behalf of that business or entity (and all references to“you” and “your” in these Terms will mean both you as the end user and that businessor entity).
In summary: Our Services are not directed at anyone under the age of 13 or theminimum age at which a person may use the Services in your state, province or
country if it is older than 13. If we become aware that you are under this age we willsuspend your use of the Services and delete your account and data. Other terms mayapply to our Services which require you to be even older to use them so please review
these carefully when prompted.

2. Rights You Grant Us
Many of our Services let you create, upload, post, send, receive, and store content.
When you do that, you retain whatever ownership rights in that content you had tobegin with. But you grant us a licence to use that content. How broad that licence isdepends on which Services you use and the settings you have selected.
For all content you submit to the Services (including Public Content), you grant Snapand our a iliates a worldwide, royalty-free (meaning that there is no ongoingpayment to you required), sublicencable, and transferable licence to host, store,cache, use, display, reproduce, modify, adapt, edit, publish, analyse, transmit, anddistribute that content. This licence is for the purpose of operating, developing,providing, promoting, and improving the Services and researching and developing
new ones. This licence includes a right for us to make your content available to, andpass these rights along to, service providers with whom we have contractual
relationships related to the provision of the Services, solely for the purpose ofproviding such Services.
We call Public Story submissions and any other content you submit to publicServices, like Public Pro iles, Spotlight, Snap Map, or Lens Studio, “Public Content.”
Because Public Content is inherently public, you grant Snap, our a iliates, otherusers of the Services, and our business partners a worldwide, royalty-free, andirrevocable right and licence to create derivative works from, promote, exhibit,
broadcast, syndicate, reproduce, distribute, synchronise, overlay graphics andauditory eﬀects on, publicly perform, and publicly display all or any portion of your
Public Content in any form and in any and all media or distribution methods, now
known or later developed. This licence applies to the separate video, image, soundrecording, or musical compositions contained in your Public Content, as well as thename, image, likeness, and voice of anyone featured in Public Content that you
create, upload, post, send, or appear in (including as re lected in your Bitmoji). Thismeans, among other things, that you will not be entitled to any compensation if yourcontent, videos, photos, sound recordings, musical compositions, name, image,likeness, or voice are used by us, our a iliates, users of the Services, or our business
partners. The licences granted by you for Public Content continue for so long as the
Public Content is on the Services and for a reasonable period of time after you
remove or delete the Public Content from the Services (provided we may retain
server copies of your Public Content inde initely). For information about how to tailor
who can watch your content, please take a look at our Privacy Policy and Support
Site. All Public Content must be appropriate for people ages 13+.
To the extent permissible by law, you irrevocably waive — or agree not to assert
against Snap or its a iliates — any moral rights or equivalent rights you may have incontent you share on the Services throughout the world.
While we’re not required to do so, we reserve the right to access, review, screen, anddelete any content: (i) which we think violates these Terms or any applicable laws,
including any additional terms referenced in Section 3, or our policies, such as our
Community Guidelines, or (ii) if necessary to comply with our legal obligations. You
alone, though, remain responsible for the content you create, upload, post, send, or
store through the Services.
We, Snap Inc., our a iliates, and our third-party partners may place advertising on theServices, including personalised advertising — with your consent, where required —based on the information you provide us, we collect, or we obtain about you.
Advertising may sometimes appear near, between, over, or in your content.
We always love to hear from our users. But if you provide feedback or suggestions,just know that we can use them without compensating you, and without any
restriction or obligation to you. You agree that we will own all rights in anything wedevelop based on such feedback or suggestions.
In summary: If you post content that you own to the Services, you remain the owner
but you allow us and others to use it to provide and promote our Services. You also
allow other users to view and, in some cases, use any content you make available toothers on the Services. We have various rights to change and remove your content,
but you always remain responsible for everything you create, post or share.

3. Additional Terms for Speci ic Services
Additional terms and conditions listed on the Snap Terms & Policies page or that areotherwise made available to you may apply to speci ic Services. If you use thoseServices, then those additional terms may apply and will then become part of theseTerms. If any of the applicable additional terms con lict with these Terms, theadditional terms will override and apply in place of the con licting parts of theseTerms while you are using the Services to which those additional terms apply.
In summary: Additional terms may apply, please take the time to read them carefully.

4. Privacy
Your privacy matters to us. You can learn how your information is handled when you
use our Services by reading our Privacy Policy.

5. Personalised Recommendations
Our Services provide personalised recommendations. This is designed to make our
Services more relevant and engaging for you. We will recommend content,
advertising and other information to you based on what we know and infer aboutyour and others’ interests from use of our Services. It is necessary for us to handle
your personal data for this purpose, as we explain in our Privacy Policy. It is also a
condition of our contract with you for us to be able to do so, unless you opt toreceive less personalisation in the Services. You can ind more information on
personalised recommendations on our Support Site.
In summary: Some of our Services provide personalised advertising and otherrecommendations to you based on data we collect as explained here and in our
Privacy Policy.

6. Content Moderation
Much of the content on our Services is produced by users, publishers, and otherthird parties. Whether that content is posted publicly or sent privately, the content is
the sole responsibility of the user or entity that submitted it. Although Snap reserves
the right to review, moderate, or remove all content that appears on the Services, we
do not review all of it. So we cannot — and do not — guarantee that other users or
the content they provide through the Services will comply with our Terms,
Community Guidelines or our other terms, policies or guidelines. You can read more
about Snap’s approach to content moderation on our Support Site.
Users can report content produced by others or others’ accounts for violation of ourTerms, Community Guidelines or other guidelines and policies. More information
about how to report content and accounts is available on our Support Site.
We hope you’ll understand any decisions we make about content or user accounts,
but if you have any complaints or concerns you can use the submission form
available here or use available in-app options. If you use this process, your complaint
must be submitted within six months of the relevant decision.
Upon receiving a complaint, we will:
ensure the complaint is reviewed in a timely, non-discriminatory, diligent and nonarbitrary manner;reverse our decision if we determine our initial assessment was incorrect; andinform you of our decision and of any possibilities for redress promptly.
In summary: Most content on the Services is owned or controlled by others and we
don't have any control or responsibility over that content. We have content moderation
policies and processes in place that apply to content on the Services.

7. Respecting the Services and Snap’s Rights
As between you and us, Snap is the owner of the Services, which includes all related
brands, works of authorship, Bitmoji avatars that you assemble, software, and otherproprietary content, features, and technology.
You must also respect Snap’s rights and adhere to the Snapchat Brand Guidelines,
Bitmoji Brand Guidelines, and any other guidelines, support pages, or FAQs
published by Snap or our a iliates. That means, among other things, you may not do,
attempt to do, enable, or encourage anyone else to do, any of the following anddoing so may result in us terminating or suspending your access to the Services:use branding, logos, icons, user interface elements, product or brand look and feel,designs, photographs, videos, or any other materials Snap makes available via theServices, except as explicitly allowed by these Terms, the Snapchat Brand
Guidelines, Bitmoji Brand Guidelines or other brand guidelines published by Snapor our a iliates;
violate or infringe Snap’s, our a iliates’ or any other third party’s copyrights,
trademarks, or other intellectual property rights, including by using the Services tosubmit, display, post, create or generate any infringing content;
copy, modify, archive, download, upload, disclose, distribute, sell, lease, syndicate,broadcast, perform, display, make available, make derivatives of, or otherwise use
the Services or the content on the Services, other than temporary iles that areautomatically cached by your web browser for display purposes, as otherwise
expressly permitted in these Terms, as otherwise expressly permitted by us inwriting, or as enabled by the Service’s intended functionality;
create another account if we have already disabled your account, attempt toaccess the Services through unauthorised third-party applications, solicit login
credentials from other users, or buy, sell, rent, or lease access to your account, ausername, Snaps, or a friend link;
reverse engineer, duplicate, decompile, disassemble, or decode the Services(including any underlying idea or algorithm), or otherwise extract the source codeof the software of the Service;use any robot, spider, crawler, scraper, or other automated means or interface toaccess the Services or extract other users’ information;use or develop any third-party applications that interact with the Services or otherusers’ content or information without our written consent;
use the Services in a way that could interfere with, disrupt, negatively aﬀect, or
inhibit other users from fully enjoying the Services, or that could damage, disable,
overburden, or impair the functioning of the Services;
upload viruses or other malicious code or otherwise compromise, bypass, or
circumvent the security of the Services;attempt to circumvent any content- iltering techniques we employ, or attempt toaccess areas or features of the Services that you are not authorised to access;probe, scan, or test the vulnerability of our Services or any system or network;
violate any applicable law or regulation in connection with your access to or use of
the Services; oraccess or use the Services in any way not expressly permitted by these Terms or
our Community Guidelines.
In summary: We own or control all of the content, features and functionalities of theServices. To ensure the Services and other users are protected from harm, there arerules we need you to follow when you use our Services. Failure to comply with theserules may result in suspension or termination of your account.

8. Respecting Others' Rights
Snap respects the rights of others. And so should you. You therefore may not use theServices, or enable anyone else to use the Services, in a manner that violates orinfringes someone else’s rights of publicity, privacy, copyright, trademark, or otherintellectual property right. When you submit content to the Services, you are solely
responsible for ensuring and must ensure that you own that content, or that you havereceived all necessary permissions, clearances, and authorisations in order to submit
it to the Services (including, if applicable, the right to make mechanicalreproductions of the musical works embodied in any sound recordings, synchronise
any compositions to any content, publicly perform any compositions or soundrecordings, or any other applicable rights for any music not provided by Snap thatyou include in your content) and grant the rights and licenses contained in theseTerms for your content. You also agree that you will not use or attempt to use anotheruser’s account except as permitted by Snap or its a iliates.
Snap honors copyright laws, including the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and takes
reasonable steps to expeditiously remove from our Services any infringing material
that we become aware of. If Snap becomes aware that a user has repeatedly
infringed copyrights, we will take reasonable steps within our power to suspend or
terminate the user’s account. If you believe that anything on the Services infringes a
copyright that you own or control, please report it using the form accessible throughthis tool. Or you may ile a notice with our designated agent: Snap Inc., Attn:
Copyright Agent, 3000 31st Street, Santa Monica, CA 90405, email: copyright @snap.com. Don’t use this email address for anything other than reporting copyright
infringement, as such emails will be ignored. To report other forms of infringementon the Services, please use the tool accessible here. If you ile a notice with our
Copyright Agent, it must:

contain the physical or electronic signature of a person authorised to act on behalfof the copyright owner;
identify the copyrighted work claimed to have been infringed;
identify the material that is claimed to be infringing or to be the subject of
infringing activity and that is to be removed, or access to which is to be disabled,
and information reasonably su icient to let us locate the material;
provide your contact information, including your address, telephone number, andan email address;
provide a personal statement that you have a good-faith belief that the use of thematerial in the manner complained of is not authorised by the copyright owner, its
agent, or the law; andprovide a statement that the information in the noti ication is accurate and, underpenalty of perjury, that you are authorised to act on behalf of the copyright owner.
In summary: Make sure you own or have the right to use any content you makeavailable on the Services. If you use content owned by someone else without
permission, we may terminate your account. If you see anything which you believe
infringes your intellectual property rights, let us know.

9. Safety
We try hard to keep our Services a safe place for all users. But we can’t guarantee it.
That’s where you come in. By using the Services, you agree that you will at all times
comply with these Terms, including our Community Guidelines and any otherpolicies Snap makes available in order to maintain the safety of the Services.
If you fail to comply, we reserve the right to remove any oﬀending content; terminate
or limit the visibility of your account, and retain data relating to your account inaccordance with our data retention policies; and notify third parties — including law
enforcement — and provide those third parties with information relating to youraccount. This step may be necessary to protect the safety of our users, and others, toinvestigate, remedy, and enforce potential Terms violations, and to detect andresolve any fraud or security concerns.
We also care about your physical safety while using our Services. So do not use our
Services in a way that would distract you from obeying tra ic or safety laws. For
example, never use the Services while driving. And never put yourself or others inharm’s way just to capture a Snap or to engage with other Snapchat features.
In summary: We try to make our Services as safe as possible, but we need your help.
These Terms, our Community Guidelines and other Snap policies contain importantinformation about how to keep the Services and other users safe. And never put
yourself or others in harm’s way when using our Services.

10. Your AccountTo use certain Services, you need to create an account. You agree to provide us withaccurate, complete, and updated information for your account. Except in the unlikely
event that activity occurs in your account outside of your control, you areresponsible for any activity that occurs in your account. So it’s important that you
keep your account secure. One way to help keep your account secure is to select astrong password that you don’t use for any other account and to enable two-factor
authentication. If you think that someone has gained access to your account, please
immediately reach out to Support. Any software that we provide to you may
automatically download and install upgrades, updates, or other new features. You
may be able to adjust these automatic downloads through your device’s settings. You
agree not to create any account if we have previously removed or banned you or
your account from any of our Services, unless we consent otherwise.
In summary: Keep your account details safe and secure. Only use an account if you
are authorised by us to do so.

11. Memories
Memories is our personalised data-storage service that makes it easier for you toreminisce anytime, anywhere.
One of the options we provide with Memories is the ability to create a restricted areaby setting a passcode. By setting a passcode, you make it less likely that anotherperson who gets ahold of your device will be able to see what you saved to therestricted area of Memories. But here’s a big warning: if you lose or forget yourMemories passcode, or if you enter the wrong one too many times, you will lose
access to any content you saved in the restricted area of Memories. We don’t oﬀer
any passcode recovery features for this restricted area. You are solely responsible forremembering your passcode. Please go to our Support Site for more details on
passcodes.
Your content in Memories might become unavailable for any number of reasons,
including things like an operational glitch or a decision on our end to terminate youraccount. Since we can’t promise that your content will always be available, we
recommend keeping a separate copy of content you save to Memories. We make no
promise that Memories will be able to accommodate your precise storage needs. We
reserve the right to set storage limits for Memories, or to prohibit certain types ofcontent from being eligible for use with Memories and we may change these limits
from time to time in our sole discretion.

In summary: Memories will be automatically enabled, but you can control somefeatures. Please be careful with your Memories passcode as we can't help you recover
it if you forget. We cannot guarantee that any Memories will be stored forever either,so please do keep a backup.

12. Data Charges and Mobile Phones
You are responsible for any mobile charges that you may incur for using our Services.
This includes data charges and charges for messaging, such as SMS, MMS, or othermessaging protocols or technologies (collectively, “Messages”). If you’re unsure what
those charges may be, you should ask your service provider before using theServices.
By providing us with your mobile phone number you agree, among other things, toreceive Messages from Snap related to the Services, including about promotions(where we have consent or as permitted by law), your account, and your relationshipwith Snap. These Messages may be received even if your mobile phone number isregistered on any kind of “Do Not Call” list, or international equivalent.
If you change or deactivate the mobile phone number that you used to create an
account, you must update your account information through Settings within 72 hours
to prevent us from sending messages intended for you to someone else.
In summary: We may send you Messages, and mobile charges may apply when you
use our Services.

13. Third-Party Materials and Services
Certain Services may display, include or make available content, data, information,
applications, features or materials from third parties (“Third-Party Materials”), provide
links to certain third-party websites or permit the use of third-party services inconnection with them. If you use any Third-Party Materials or third-party services
made available through or in connection with our Services (including Services wejointly oﬀer with the third party), the applicable third-party’s terms will govern theirrelationship with you. Neither Snap nor any of our a iliates is responsible or liable fora third party’s terms or actions taken under any third party’s terms. Further, by using
the Services, you acknowledge and agree that Snap is not responsible for examining
or evaluating the content, accuracy, completeness, availability, timeliness, validity,
copyright compliance, legality, decency, quality or any other aspect of such ThirdParty Materials or third-party services or websites. We do not provide any assurancesor endorse and do not assume and will not have any liability or responsibility to you
or any other person for any third-party services, Third-Party Materials or third-party
websites, or for any other materials, products, or services of third parties. Third-Party
Materials, the availability of third-party services and links to other websites areprovided solely as a convenience to you.

In summary: Snap isn't responsible for third party features, content or services
accessible via or in connection with our Services – please make sure you read thethird party's terms.

14. Modifying the Services and These Terms
We’re relentlessly improving our Services and creating new ones all the time. Thatmeans we may add or remove features, products, or functionalities over time, and we
may also suspend, stop or terminate the Services altogether. We may take any ofthese actions at any time, and when we do, we will try to notify you beforehand — but
this won’t always be possible.
This also means we may need to update these Terms to re lect any changes to ourServices or how we provide them, as well as to comply with legal requirements, or forother legal or security reasons. If those changes to these Terms are material we will
provide you with reasonable advance notice (unless changes are required sooner, forexample, as a result of a change in legal requirements or where we are launching
new Services or features). If you continue to use the Services once the changes
come into eﬀect, we will take that as your acceptance.
In summary: Our Services are going to evolve over time. We may update these Terms
from time to time to re lect these changes or for other reasons.

15. Termination and Suspension
While we hope you remain a lifelong Snapchatter, you can terminate these Terms at
any time if you do not agree with any changes we make to these Terms, or for any
other reason, by deleting your Snapchat account (or, in some cases, the accountassociated with the applicable part of the Services you are using).
We may restrict, terminate, or temporarily suspend your access to the Services if you
fail to comply with these Terms, our Community Guidelines or the law, for reasonsoutside of our control, or for any other reason. That means that we may terminate
these Terms, stop providing you with all or any part of the Services, or impose new oradditional limits on your ability to use our Services. For example, we may deactivate
your account due to prolonged inactivity, and we may reclaim your username at any
time for any reason. And while we’ll try to give you reasonable notice beforehand, we
can’t guarantee that notice will be possible in all circumstances.
Where we restrict, terminate or suspend your access to the Services for violation of
our Community Guidelines, we will notify you and provide an opportunity for you toappeal.
Before we restrict, terminate or suspend your access to the Services, we will take into
account all relevant facts and circumstances apparent from the information available
to us, depending on the underlying reason for taking that action. For example, if youviolate our Community Guidelines we consider the severity, frequency, and impact ofthe violations as well as the intention behind the violation. This will inform ourdecision whether to restrict, terminate or suspend your access to the Services and, inthe event of suspension, how long we suspend your access. You can ind out more
about how we assess and take action against misuse of our Services on our Support
Site.
Regardless of who terminates these Terms, both you and Snap continue to be boundby Sections 2, 3 (to the extent any additional terms and conditions would, by theirterms, survive), and 6 - 23 of the Terms.
In summary: You can stop using the Services or delete your account at any time andfor any reason, including if you don't like any changes to these Terms. We can restrict
or terminate your access to the Services for the reasons set out above. When we do,
we’ll provide you notice in most cases, as well as an opportunity to appeal thedecision.

16. Indemnity
You agree, to the extent permitted by law, to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless
Snap, our a iliates, directors, o icers, stockholders, employees, licensors, andagents from and against any and all complaints, charges, claims, damages, losses,
costs, liabilities, and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) due to, arising out of, or
relating in any way to: (a) your access to or use of the Services, (b) your content,
including infringement claims related to your content, (c) your breach of these Terms
or any applicable law or regulation, or (d) your negligence or intentional misconduct.
In summary: If you cause us some damage, you will compensate us.

17. Disclaimers
We will try hard to keep the Services up and running and free of annoyances. But wemake no promises that we will succeed.
The Services are provided “as is” and “as available” and to the extent permitted bylaw and except as stated above, without warranties of any kind, either express or
implied, including, in particular implied warranties, conditions, or other terms
relating to: (a) merchantability, satisfactory quality, itness for a particular purpose,
title, quiet enjoyment, non-infringement, or (b) arising from a course of dealing. In
addition, while we attempt to provide a good user experience, we do not represent
or warrant that: (i) the Services will always be entirely secure, error-free or timely, (ii)the Services will always function without delays, disruption or imperfections, or (iii)
any content or information you obtain through the Services will always be timely or
accurate.

IF THE LAW OF THE COUNTRY WHERE YOU LIVE DOES NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSIONSPROVIDED FOR IN THIS CLAUSE, THOSE EXCLUSIONS SHALL NOT APPLY TO THE
EXTENT PROHIBITED.
To the fullest extent permitted by law, Snap, Snap Inc., and our a iliates take no
responsibility and assume no liability for any content that you, another user, or a third
party creates, uploads, posts, sends, receives, views, or stores on or through our
Services and you understand and agree that you may be exposed to content thatmight be oﬀensive, illegal, misleading, or otherwise inappropriate, none of which
Snap, Snap Inc., nor our a iliates will be responsible for.
Nothing in these Terms will exclude or limit any responsibility we may have to remove
content if so required by the law of the country where you live.
In summary: Snap will try to make the Services available to you, but we do not makeany promises regarding quality and will not be liable for any content which is not ours.

18. Limitation of Liability
Snap, Snap Inc., and our a iliates, directors, o icers, stockholders, employees,
licensors, suppliers, and agents will not be liable for any indirect, incidental, special,consequential, punitive, or multiple damages, or any loss of pro its or revenues,
whether incurred directly or indirectly, or any loss of data, use, goodwill or otherintangible losses, resulting from: (a) your use of the Services or inability to use theServices, (b) your access to or inability to access the Services, (c) the conduct orcontent of other users or third parties on or through the Services, or (d) unauthorised
access, use or alteration of your content. Except to the extent speci ied otherwise in
any other applicable terms of Snap, Snap Inc., or our a iliates, in no event will Snap,
Snap Inc., or our a iliates’ aggregate liability for all claims relating to the Services
exceed the greater of (a) €100 EUR, and (b) the amount you paid Snap in the last 12
months for any Services.
Nothing in these Terms (or for the avoidance of doubt any other terms to which you
are subject in respect of the provision of Services by Snap Snap Inc., or our a iliates)
shall exclude or limit Snap’s, Snap Inc.’s, or our a iliates’ liability for: (a) death or
personal injury arising from their own respective intent or negligence, (b) fraud or
fraudulent misrepresentation, or (c) any other liability to the extent that such liability
may not be excluded or limited as a matter of law.
Further, nothing in these Terms aﬀects your statutory rights as a consumer.
IF THE LAW OF THE COUNTRY WHERE YOU LIVE DOES NOT ALLOW ANY LIMITATION
OF LIABILITY PROVIDED FOR IN THIS CLAUSE, THAT LIMITATION WILL NOT APPLY TO
THE EXTENT PROHIBITED.

In summary: We limit our liability for anything you do, instances where you cannot
access the Services, things others do and any issues resulting from unauthorised useof our Services. Where we are liable to you and you have suﬀered some loss, we limit
our liability to a set amount.

19. Dispute Resolution and Arbitration
If you have a concern, let’s talk. Go ahead and contact us irst and we’ll do our best to
resolve the issue.
Some of our Services may have additional terms that contain dispute resolution
provisions unique to that Service or your residency.
If you are using the Services on behalf of a business (rather than for your personaluse), you and Snap Group Limited agree that to the extent permitted by law, allclaims and disputes between us arising out of or relating to these Terms or the use of
the Services will be inally settled through binding arbitration under the LCIA
Arbitration Rules, which are incorporated by reference into this clause. There will be
one arbitrator (to be appointed by the LCIA), the arbitration will take place in London,
and the arbitration will be conducted in English. If you do not wish to agree to thisclause, you must not use the Services.
In summary: Get in touch with us if you have a complaint. Disputes with business
users will be settled through arbitration.

20. Exclusive Venue
To the extent that these Terms allow you or Snap to initiate litigation in a court, both
you and Snap agree that all claims and disputes (whether contractual or otherwise),arising out of or relating to the Terms or the use of the Services will be litigatedexclusively in the courts of England in the United Kingdom, unless this is prohibitedby the laws of the country where you reside. You and Snap consent to the exclusive
jurisdiction of those courts.

21. Choice of Law
The laws of England and Wales govern these Terms and any claims and disputes(whether contract, tort, or otherwise) arising out of or relating to these Terms or theirsubject matter. The courts in some countries may not apply the laws of England andWales to some disputes related to these Terms. If you reside in one of thosecountries, the laws of your home country may apply to those disputes.

22. Severability
If any provision of these Terms is found unenforceable, then that provision will be
removed from these Terms and not aﬀect the validity and enforceability of any

remaining provisions.

23. Final Terms
These Terms, including the additional terms referenced in Section 3, make up theentire agreement between you and Snap, and supersede any prior agreements.
These Terms do not create or confer any rights to third parties. If we do not enforce a
provision in these Terms, it will not be considered a waiver of our rights to enforce
these Terms. We reserve the right to transfer our rights under these Terms andprovide the Services using another entity, provided that entity upholds these Terms.
You may not transfer any of your rights or obligations under these Terms without ourconsent. We reserve all rights not expressly granted to you. Where we have provided
summary sections in these Terms, these summaries have been included for yourconvenience only and you should read these Terms in full to understand your legal
rights and obligations.

24. Contact Us
Snap Group Limited welcomes comments, questions, concerns, or suggestions. You
can contact us or get support by using this online form.
The company responsible for the Services outside the United States is called Snap
Group Limited and is located in the United Kingdom at 50 Cowcross Street, Level 2,
London, EC1M 6AL, United Kingdom. Registered company number: 09763672. VAT
ID: GB 237218316.

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Community Guidelines
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At Snap, we contribute to human progress byempowering people to express themselves, live in the
moment, learn about the world, and have fun together.
We created these Community Guidelines to support our
mission by encouraging the broadest range of selfexpression, while striving to make sure Snapchatters
can use our services safely every day. We intend forthese Guidelines to be clear and understandable for all
members of our community. Please note that in orderto join our community, you must be at least 13 years
old.
These Guidelines apply to all content (which includes
all forms of communication, like text, images,
generative AI, links or attachments, emojis, Lenses andother creative tools) or behavior on Snapchat — and to
all Snapchatters. We are particularly sensitive tocontent or behavior that poses a risk of severe harm to
Snapchatters, and reserve the right to take immediate,
permanent action against users engaging in such
behavior. Additional guidance about what we consider
to be severe harm and how we take action against it isavailable here.
Advertisers and media partners in Discover agree to
additional guidelines, including the requirement that
their content is accurate and, where appropriate, factchecked. Developers are also subject to additionalrules. We also implement safeguards to help keep
generative AI content in line with our Community
Guidelines.

NewsWe've outlined here and in our Terms of Service
speci ic rules for content that is prohibited on
Snapchat, and we work to ensure these rules areapplied consistently. When applying these rules, wetake into account the nature of the content, including
whether it is newsworthy, factual, and relates to amatter of political, social, or other general concern toour community. Additional context about how wemoderate content and enforce our policies is available
here. We also provide links to more detailed information
about our Community Guidelines throughout each of
the sections below.
We want Snapchat to be a safe and positive experiencefor everyone. We reserve the right to decide, at our sole
discretion, what content or behavior violates the spiritof our rules.

Sexual Content
We prohibit any activity that involves sexual
exploitation or abuse of a minor, including sharing
child sexual exploitation or abuse imagery,grooming, or sexual extortion (sextortion), or thesexualization of children. We report all identi ied
instances of child sexual exploitation to authorities,
including attempts to engage in such conduct.
Never post, save, send, forward, distribute, or ask
for nude or sexually explicit content involving
anyone under the age of 18 (this includes sending or
saving such images of yourself).
We prohibit promoting, distributing, or sharing
pornographic content, as well as commercial
activities that relate to pornography or sexualinteractions (whether online or o line).
Breastfeeding and other depictions of nudity in nonsexual contexts are generally permitted.
Additional guidance on sexual conduct and content
that violates our Community Guidelines is available
hereHarassment & Bullying
We prohibit bullying or harassment of any kind. Thisextends to all forms of sexual harassment, including
sending unwanted sexually explicit, suggestive, ornude images to other users. If someone blocks you,
you may not contact them from another Snapchat
account.
Sharing images of a person in a private space — likea bathroom, bedroom, locker room, or medical
facility — without their knowledge and consent isprohibited, as is sharing another person’s private
information without their knowledge and consent or
for the purpose of harassment (i.e., “doxxing”).
If someone is depicted in your Snap and asks you to
remove it, please do! Respect the privacy rights ofothers.
Please also do not harass another Snapchatter byabusing our reporting mechanisms, such as
intentionally reporting content that is permissible.
Additional guidance on how bullying andharassment violate our Community Guidelines isavailable here.

Threats, Violence & Harm
Encouraging or engaging in violent or dangerous
behavior is prohibited. Never intimidate or threaten
to harm a person, a group of people, or someone’s
property.
Snaps of gratuitous or graphic violence, including
animal abuse, are not allowed.
We don’t allow the glori ication of self-harm,
including the promotion of self-injury, suicide, or
eating disorders.
Additional guidance on threats, violence, and harmthat violate our Community Guidelines is available
here.

Harmful False or Deceptive Information
We prohibit spreading false information that causes
harm or is malicious, such as denying the existenceof tragic events, unsubstantiated medical claims,
undermining the integrity of civic processes, ormanipulating content for false or misleading
purposes (whether through generative AI or throughdeceptive editing).
We prohibit pretending to be someone (orsomething) that you’re not, or attempting to deceive
people about who you are. This includes
impersonating your friends, celebrities, public
igures, brands, or other people or organizations forharmful, non-satirical purposes.
We prohibit spam, including pay-for-follower
promotions or other follower-growth schemes, thepromotion of spam applications, or the promotionof multilevel marketing or pyramid schemes.
We prohibit fraud and other deceptive practices,
including the promotion of fraudulent goods orservices or get-rich-quick schemes, or imitating
Snapchat or Snap Inc.
Additional guidance on harmful false or deceptive
content that violates our Community Guidelines isavailable here.

Illegal or Regulated Activities
Don’t use Snapchat to send or post content that’s
illegal in your jurisdiction, or for any illegal activity.
This includes promoting, facilitating, orparticipating in criminal activity, such as buying,selling, exchanging, or facilitating sales of illegal or
regulated drugs, contraband (such as child sexual
exploitation or abuse imagery), weapons, orcounterfeit goods or documents. It also includes
promoting or facilitating any form of exploitation,

including sex tra icking, labor tra icking, or otherhuman tra icking.
We prohibit the illegal promotion of regulated
goods or industries, including unauthorizedpromotion of gambling, tobacco or vape products,
and alcohol.
Additional guidance on prohibited illegal or
regulated activities that violate our Community
Guidelines is available here.

Hateful Content, Terrorism, and Violent Extremism
Terrorist organizations, violent extremists, and hategroups are prohibited from using our platform. We
have no tolerance for content that advocates oradvances terrorism or violent extremism.
Hate speech or content that demeans, defames, or
promotes discrimination or violence on the basis ofrace, color, caste, ethnicity, national origin, religion,
sexual orientation, gender, gender identity,
disability, or veteran status, immigration status,
socio-economic status, age, weight, or pregnancy
status is prohibited.
Additional guidance on hateful content, terrorism,
and violent extremism that violates our Community
Guidelines is available here.

Please remember that you can always submit a reportto our Trust & Safety team using our in-app reporting
features or by completing this form (which allows you
to report a concern whether you have a Snapchat
account or not). We review these reports to determine
violations of these Guidelines. If you violate theseCommunity Guidelines, we may remove the oﬀending
content, terminate or limit the visibility of your account,and/or notify law enforcement. We also referinformation to law enforcement when activity poses animminent threat to human life. If your account isterminated for violating these Guidelines, you are notallowed to use Snapchat again or circumvent thistermination in any way.
Snap reserves the right to remove or restrict accountaccess for users whom we have reason to believe, in
our sole discretion, pose a danger to others, on or oﬀ ofSnapchat. These include leaders of hate groups andterrorist organizations, individuals with a reputation forinciting violence or perpetrating severe harms against
others, or behavior that we believe poses a threat tohuman life. In evaluating such behavior, we may
consider guidance from other sources, such as subject
matter experts or law enforcement, in determining
whether to remove or restrict account access.
Please visit our Safety Center for more information
about safety at Snapchat. There, you’ll ind detailed
instructions on managing your Snapchat experience,
including taking actions like updating your privacy
settings, choosing who can see your content, andblocking other users.

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Snapchat Moderation, Enforcement, andAppeals
Community Guidelines Explainer Series
Updated: August 2023
Across Snapchat, we’re committed to advancing safety
while respecting the privacy interests of our community.
We take a balanced, risk-based approach to combatingharms — combining transparent content moderation
practices, consistent and equitable enforcement, andclear communication to hold ourselves accountable for
applying our policies fairly.

Content Moderation

We’ve designed Snapchat with safety in mind, and thisdesign is key in helping to prevent the spread of harmful
content. Snapchat does not oﬀer an open news feed
where unvetted publishers or individuals have an
opportunity to broadcast hate, misinformation, or violent
content.
In addition to these design safeguards, we use acombination of automated tools and human review tomoderate our public content surfaces (such as Spotlight,
Public Stories, and Maps)––including machine learning
tools and dedicated teams of real people––to review
potentially inappropriate content in public posts.
On Spotlight, for example, where creators can submit
creative and entertaining videos to share with the broader
Snapchat community, all content is irst reviewed
automatically by arti icial intelligence before gaining any
distribution. Once a piece of content gains moreviewership, it’s then reviewed by human moderators
before it is given the opportunity to reach a large
audience. This layered approach to moderating content

Newson Spotlight reduces the risk of spreading misinformation,
hate speech, or other potentially harmful content, in
addition to promoting a fun, positive, and safe experiencefor everyone.
Similarly, editorial content that has been produced bymedia companies, such as Publisher Stories or Shows, issubject to a set of content guidelines—which prohibit the
spread of misinformation, hate speech, conspiracy
theories, violence, and many other categories of harmful
content, holding these partners to elevated standards forsafety and integrity. Additionally, we use proactive harmdetection technology on other public or high-visibility
surfaces––such as Stories––to help identify harmful
content, and we use keyword iltering to help prevent
harmful content (such as accounts trying to advertise
illicit drugs or other illegal content) from returning insearch results.
Across all of our product surfaces, users can reportaccounts and content for potential violations of our
Community Guidelines. We make it easy for Snapchatters
to submit a con idential report directly to our Trust &Safety team, who are trained to evaluate the report; takeappropriate action according to our policies; and notify
the reporting party of the outcome––typically within amatter of hours. For more information about reporting
harmful content or behavior, visit this resource on our
Support Site. You can also learn more about eﬀorts to
identify and take down harmful content, and promotewellness and safety on Snapchat, here.

Policy Enforcement @ Snap
It’s important to us at Snap that our policies promoteconsistent and fair enforcement. For this reason, we
consider a combination of factors to determine theappropriate penalties for violations of the Community
Guidelines. The most important of these factors are theseverity of the harm and any relevant history by the
Snapchatter of previous violations.
We apply a risk-based approach to distinguish the most
severe harms from other types of violations that may not
rise to the same level of seriousness. For information
about our enforcement of severe harms, and the types ofviolations that fall into that category, we’ve developed thisresource.
Accounts we determine are used primarily to violate our
Community Guidelines or to perpetrate serious harms will
immediately be disabled. Examples include accounts
engaged in serious bullying or harassment,
impersonation, fraud, promotion of extremist or terrorist
activity, or otherwise using Snap to engage in illegal
activity.
For other violations of our Community Guidelines, Snap
generally applies a three-part enforcement process:Step one: the violating content is removed.
Step two: the Snapchatter receives a noti ication,
indicating that they have violated our Community
Guidelines, that their content has been removed, andthat repeated violations will result in additional
enforcement actions, including their account being
disabled.
Step three: our team records a strike against the
Snapchatter’s account.
A strike creates a record of violations by a particular
Snapchatter. Every strike is accompanied by a notice to
the Snapchatter; if a Snapchatter accrues too many strikes
over a de ined period of time, their account will bedisabled.
This strike system ensures that Snap applies its policies
consistently, and in a way that provides warning andeducation to users who violate our Community
Guidelines. The primary goal of our policies is to ensurethat everyone can enjoy using Snapchat in ways thatre lect our values and mission; we have developed thisenforcement framework to help support that goal atscale.

Notice and Appeals Processes
To ensure that Snapchatters have a clear understanding of
why an action has been taken against their account, andto provide an opportunity to meaningfully dispute theenforcement outcome, we have established Notice andAppeals processes that safeguard the interests of ourcommunity while protecting Snapchatters’ rights.
To better understand why an enforcement action has beentaken, please note that we apply our Community
Guidelines and Terms of Service when we evaluate
whether to enforce penalties against an account, andapply our Community Guidelines, Terms of Service, andContent Guidelines for Recommendation Eligibility tomoderate Snaps posted to Discover and Spotlight.
For information about how our appeals processes work,
we have developed support articles on account appeals
and content appeals.
When Snapchat grants an appeal of an account lock,access to the Snapchatter’s account will be restored.
Whether or not the appeal is successful, we will notify theappealing party of our decision in a timely manner.

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Snapchat Safety Center
Snapchat is a fast, fun way to share moments with friends
and family. Most of our community uses Snapchat every
day, so it isn’t surprising that parents and teachers
regularly ask us for advice. We share your concerns andwish to provide a safe, fun environment for creativity andexpression.

SafetyAdvisory
Board

Reporting is Easy!
In-App Reporting
You can easily report inappropriate content to us right in
the app! Just press and hold on the Snap, then tap the'Report Snap' button. Let us know what’s going on — we’ll
do our best to help! Learn more about reporting abuse
in-app and download our Quick-Guide to Snapchat
Reporting.

Safety is a Shared ResponsibilityNewsSince the beginning, Snapchat has been about
empowering people to express themselves with theircamera. We didn’t want to create a social network where
you automatically friend everyone you know, or where you
only see what’s most popular. Instead, we wanted to makeit easier for people, publishers, and brands to tell theirstories — their way!
Snapchat is for personal communication, notbroadcasting.
Snaps are made for quick and easy communication, which
is why they delete by default! Friends will only see thethings that you send them directly, or choose to post
publicly to your Story.
Approach to Safety Partnerships.
Snap is deeply committed to the safety and wellbeing of
our community, and our teams, products, policies, andpartnerships apply safety by design principles to keep
Snapchatters safe and informed.
In addition to our internal team of content moderators
who directly work to keep our platform safe, we work withindustry experts and non-governmental organizations toprovide resources and support to Snapchatters in need.
Trusted Flagger Program.
Our Trusted Flagger Program was developed to help
provide support for non-pro its, non-governmentalorganizations (NGOs), select government agencies, andsafety partners that support that Snapchat community andreport content that violates our Community Guidelines.
Safety Advisory Board.
Our Safety Advisory Board members also educate,challenge, raise issues, and advise Snap on how to keep
the Snapchat community safe.
Through our partnerships, we have been able to create
resources, such as Here for You, a custom section in
Search that houses localized resources and content from

professional non-pro it organizations that’s shown whenpeople type in words associated with being in crisis andlaunch, Safety Snapshot, our digital literacy program
aimed at educating Snapchatters about issues like data
privacy, security and online safety. For more information
about our wellness resources, download our Quick-Guide
to Snapchat Wellness Resources!
Digital Well-Being Index and Research
To oﬀer insight into how teens and young adults are faring
online, Snap conducted research into Generation Z’s
digital well-being. The study, which draws on more thanfour decades of subjective well-being research, wasadapted for the online environment to produce a Digital
Well-Being Index (DWBI), a measure of Gen Z’s online
psychological well-being. In 2022, we surveyed teens(aged 13-17), young adults (aged 18-24) and parents ofteens, aged 13 to 19 in six countries: Australia, France,
Germany, India, UK and the U.S. We asked about their
exposure to various online risks and, from those results
and other attitudinal responses, devised a DWBI for eachcountry and a combined reading across all six. The 2022
Digital Well-Being Index for the six geographies stands at
62. To read more about the Digital Well-Being Index andthe research indings, please visit our DWBI page.

Tips for Staying Safe
As Snapchat has grown over the years, your privacy andsafety have always been top of mind. That said, there aresome steps you can take to make sure you stay extra safe!
Snapchat EtiquetteBe kind and respectful to other Snapchatters. Be
thoughtful about what you Snap, and don't send people
anything they wouldn't want to receive.
Snaps Delete by Default, But...
Remember, even though Snaps are designed to delete by
default, a friend can still grab a screenshot or take apicture with another device.
Privacy Settings
Check your privacy settings to choose who can send you
Snaps, or view your Stories and location on Snap Map.
Friends
Snapchat was made for keeping in touch with your closefriends, so we'd suggest against friending anyone you
don't know in real life.
Community Guidelines
Read up and follow our Community Guidelines, and try tohelp your friends follow them too!
Report Safety Concerns
If you come across something upsetting, or if anyone asks
you to do something inappropriate or that makes you
uncomfortable, please report the Snap to us — and talk to
your parent or a trusted adult about it.
If you ever need to report something, just press andhold on whatever Snap you're viewing, and then tap
the 'Report Snap' button to reach out to us. You canalso report a Snapchat safety concern on the web.
Bullying
If someone is bullying or harassing you, report the Snap to
us — and talk to your parent or a trusted adult about it. You
can also always block that person and leave any groupchat where bullying is taking place.
Additional Help: Snapchat is also partnered with the
Crisis Text Line to provide additional support andresources to Snapchatters in the US. Just text KIND to741741 to chat with a live, trained crisis counselor at
Crisis Text Line. This service is free and available 24/7!
Password Security
Keep your password safe and don't share it with any otherpeople, applications, or websites under any
circumstances. We also suggest using a diﬀerent
password for every service you use.
Subscribe to Safety Snapshot
This Discover Channel was created to increase digital
literacy and educate Snapchatters about safety andprivacy tips and tricks.
Manage Your Discover Content
On Discover, you can watch friends' Stories, Publisher
Stories, Shows, and Snap Map to learn about things goingon around the world! You can also decide what Discovercontent you'd like to see.
Friends: Friends' Stories are sorted based on who you
keep in touch with the most, so you'll usually see
mainly the people you care about. Learn more on how
to manage your friends or add new friends.
Subscriptions: Right below the Friends section, you'll
see your favorite content from publishers, creators,
and other channels that you've subscribed to. These
are sorted by which Story was updated most recently.
Discover: Here you'll ind a growing list ofrecommended Stories from publishers and creators
you don't subscribe to yet — as well as Sponsored
Stories, and Stories from our community around theworld. If you really don't like a certain Story you comeacross, you can always hold down on it and tap 'Hide'to hide that Story and others like it.
Hiding Stories on Discover: You can always hide any
Story that you don't want to see. Just press and hold on
a Story, and tap 'Hide'.

Reporting Stories on Discover: If you come acrosssomething inappropriate on Discover, please reach out
to us! Just press and hold on the inappropriate Snap,
and tap the 'Report Snap' button to report it.
Age Minimum
Snapchat requires individuals to be 13+, and if wedetermine an account belongs to someone younger than13, we take action to terminate it.

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Report a
Safetysafety concern, you can always report it right to us.

Concernstronger community. Watch our Safety Snapshot Episode

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If you ever experience harassment, bullying, or any other
Together we can make Snapchat a safer place and aon reporting to see reporting myths debunked!
To report a Story on Snapchat, press and hold on theoﬀending Snap and tap 'Report Snap' to let us know what’s
going on.
To report a Snap someone sent you, press and hold on theoﬀending Snap and tap 'Report' to let us know what’s
going on.
To report a Snapchat account, press and hold on that
Snapchatter's name and press the “More” option (or tap
the ⚙ button). Select ‘Report’ to report the account and let
us know what’s going on.
To report a Story on the web from your computer, click the⋮ button on the video, then click ‘Report’. To report a Storyon the web from your phone or tablet, tap the ⋮ button on
the video to report it and let us know what’s going on.
To hide something on Discover, just press and hold a tileon the Discover screen, then tap ‘Hide’ or unsubscribe.
You should start to see fewer Snaps like that on your
Discover screen.
Note: If you’re unable to report a safety concern in-app,
you can still report any issue you run into right on the
Snapchat Support site. For a comprehensive guide toNewsreporting, download our Quick-Guide to Snapchat
Reporting!

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Transparency Report Glossary
January 1, 2023 – June 30, 2023

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ReportAbout

Below we include de initions of commonly used terms,
policies, and operational practices discussed in our

Glossarytransparency report.

Previous

Sexual Content: Refers to the promotion or distribution

Reportsof sexual nudity, pornography, or commercial sexual

Community
Guidelines

services. For more information, please review our

European
Union

Harassment and Bullying: Refers to any unwanted

explainer on Sexual Content.

behavior that could cause an ordinary person toexperience emotional distress, such as verbal abuse,

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sexual harassment, or unwanted sexual attention. This

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category also includes the sharing or receipt of nonconsensual intimate imagery (NCII). For more
information, please review our explainer on Harassment& Bullying.
Threats & Violence: Refer to content that expresses
the intention to cause serious physical or emotional
harm. Violence refers to any content that attempts toincite, glorify, or depict human violence, animal abuse,gore, or graphic imagery. For more information, please
review our explainer on Threats, Violence, and Harm.
Self-Harm & Suicide: Refers to the glori ication of selfharm, including the promotion of self-injury, suicide or
eating disorders. For more information, please review
our explainer on Threats, Violence, and Harm.
False Information: False Information includes false or
misleading content that causes harm or is malicious,
such as denying the existence of tragic events,
unsubstantiated medical claims, or undermining theintegrity of civic processes, or manipulating content for
false or misleading purposes. For more information,please review our explainer on Harmful False or
Deceptive Information.
Impersonation: Occurs when an account is falsely
pretending to be associated with another person or
brand. For more information, please review our
explainer on Harmful False or Deceptive Information.
Spam: Spam refers to unsolicited messages orirrelevant shared content that is likely to cause harmful
confusion or otherwise pose a risk or nuisance tolegitimate users. For more information, please review
Privacy
andSafetyHubour explainer on Harmful False or Deceptive
Information.
Privacy
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Drugs: Drugs refers to distribution and use of illegal
drugs (including counterfeit pills), and other illicit
activity involving drugs. For more information, please
review our explainer on Illegal or Regulated Activities.
Weapons: Refer to implements designed or used forin licting death, bodily harm or property damage. For
more information, please review our explainer on Illegal
or Regulated Activities.
Other Regulated Goods: Refers to the promotion ofregulated goods or industries, including illegal
gambling, tobacco products, and alcohol. This
category also includes illegal or dangerous activities,
which may promote or encourage behavior that may
include criminal behavior or pose a serious risk to anindividual’s life, safety or well-being. For more
information, please review our explainer on Illegal or
Regulated Activities.
Hate Speech: Content that demeans, or promotes
discrimination towards, an individual or group ofindividuals on the basis of their race, color, caste,ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation,
gender identity, disability, veteran status, immigration
status, socio-economic status, age, weight, orNewspregnancy status. For more information, please review
our explainer on Hateful Content, Terrorism, andViolent Extremism.

Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse: Child Sexual
Exploitation and Abuse is de ined as content that
contains sexual images of a minor and all forms of childsexual exploitation and abuse imagery (CSEAI), as wellas grooming or enticement of a minor for any sexual
purpose. We report all instances of child sexual
exploitation and abuse to authorities. For more
information, please review our explainer on Sexual
Content.
Terrorism & Violent Extremism: Refers to content that
promotes or supports terrorism or other violent,
criminal acts committed by individuals and/or groups
to further ideological goals, such as those of a political,
religious, social, racial, or environmental nature. It
includes any content that promotes or supports any
foreign terrorist organization or violent extremist hategroup, as well as content that advances recruitment forsuch organizations or violent extremist activities. For
more information, please review our explainer on
Hateful Content, Terrorism, and Violent Extremism.
Content & Account Reports: Total number of content
pieces reported and accounts reported to Snap via our
in-app reporting menu.
Enforcement (Enforced): An action taken against apiece of content or an account (e.g. deletion, warning,locking). Note that reported content violations may beactioned by human agents or automation (where highprecision automation is possible).
Total Content Enforced: The total number of pieces ofcontent (e.g., Snaps, Stories) that were enforced
against on Snapchat.
Total Unique Accounts Enforced: The total number of
unique accounts that were enforced against onSnapchat. For example, if a single account was
enforced against multiple times for various reasons(e.g., a user was warned for posting false informationand then later deleted for harassing another user), only
one account would be calculated in this metric. Bothenforcement actions would, however, be included in
our “Overview of Content and Account Violations”
table, with one unique account enforcement for “False
Information” and one unique account enforcement for“Harassment and Bullying.”% of Total Content Enforced: This value shows thepercentage of content enforced within a category
divided by total content enforced. This statistic
highlights the distribution of enforcements of our
Community Guidelines.
Turnaround Time: The time between when our Trust &Safety teams irst receive a report (usually when areport is submitted) to the last enforcement action
timestamp. If multiple rounds of review occur, the inal
time is calculated at the last action taken.
Violative View Rate (VVR): VVR is the percentage ofStory and Snap views that contained violating content,
as a proportion of all Story and Snap views across
Snapchat. For example, if our VVR is 0.03%, that meansout of every 10,000 Snap and Story views on Snapchat,3 contained content that violated our policies. This
metric allows us to understand what percentage ofviews on Snapchat come from content that violates our
Community Guidelines (that was either reported or
proactively enforced on).

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Hateful Content, Terrorism, and Violent
Extremism
Community Guidelines Explainer Series
Updated: January 2023
Terrorist organizations, violent extremists, and hategroups are prohibited from using our platform. We
have no tolerance for content that advocates oradvances violent extremism or terrorism.
Hate speech or content that demeans, defames, or
promotes discrimination or violence on the basis ofrace, color, caste, ethnicity, national origin, religion,
sexual orientation, gender identity, disability, orveteran status, immigration status, socio-economic
status, age, weight or pregnancy status is prohibited.

Overview
Hateful content and activities that support terrorism orviolent extremism have no place on Snapchat. Ourpolicies operate to create an environment that supports
and prioritizes the safety of Snapchatters, and to protect
communities from violence and discrimination.
It is never acceptable to engage in hateful conduct,
including the use of hate speech or hate symbols.
Activities that support or advocate for acts of terrorism orviolent extremism are similarly prohibited and, if
warranted, may be reported to law enforcement.
To help ensure these policies are enforced responsibly,
our teams consult the expertise and work of civil rights
organizations, human rights experts, law enforcement
agencies, NGOs, and safety advocates. We are constantly
learning, and will calibrate wherever necessary to ensurethat our products and policies function to keep

News

Snapchatters safe. To help us, we encourage users topromptly report any hateful content or activity that may
violate our policies against terrorism and violent
extremism.

What you should expect
Snapchatters should feel safe and respected when using
our products. Our policies against hateful content prohibit
hate speech, which includes any content that demeans, or
promotes discrimination towards, an individual or groupof individuals on the basis of their race, color, caste,ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation,
gender identity, disability, veteran status, immigration
status, socio-economic status, age, weight, or pregnancy
status. Hate speech also extends to the valorization of
perpetrators––or the denigration of victims––of humanatrocities (such as genocide, apartheid, or slavery). Other
prohibited hateful content includes the use of hatesymbols, which means any imagery that is intended torepresent hatred or discrimination toward others(including those featured in the hate symbols databasemaintained by the Anti-Defamation League).

Our prohibitions against Terrorism and Violent Extremism
extend to all content that promotes terrorism or otherviolent, criminal acts committed by individuals or groups
to further ideological goals. These rules also prohibit any
content that promotes or supports foreign terrorist
organizations or extremist hate groups––as designated bycredible, third-party experts––as well as recruitment forsuch organizations or violent extremist activities.

How we enforce these policies
Our in-app reporting tool allows users to directly report
hateful content or activities that support terrorism orviolent extremism. On our high-reach surfaces, like
Spotlight and Discover, we take a proactive approach tomoderating any content that may violate these rules. We
nonetheless encourage users to report any harmful
content you might encounter on these surfaces––thishelps alert us to any breakdowns in our processes forkeeping these spaces safe.
When hateful content is reported, our teams will remove
any violating content and users who engage in repeatedor egregious violations will have their account accesslocked. As an additional measure, we encourage
Snapchatters to block any users who make them feelunsafe or uncomfortable.
Users engaged in terrorist activities or violent extremism
will lose account privileges. In addition, certain
information related to violations of these policies may bereferred to law enforcement. For more information about
how Snapchat responsibly engages with law enforcement
agencies, visit Snap’s Privacy and Safety Hub.

Takeaway
We do not tolerate hateful content, terrorism, or violent
extremism on Snapchat. Through both our policies andour product design, we work diligently to maintain anenvironment that supports and prioritizes the safety of
Snapchatters.

Users can help us protect our community by reporting any
content that violates our policies. We are also committed
to working with diverse leaders from across the safety
community to ensure we are advancing our safety
objectives responsibly. For more information about oursafety eﬀorts, please visit our Safety Center.

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Harmful False or Deceptive Information
Transparency

Community Guidelines Explainer Series
Updated: August 2023
We prohibit spreading false information that causes
harm or is malicious, such as denying the existence oftragic events, unsubstantiated medical claims,
undermining the integrity of civic processes, ormanipulating content for false or misleading purposes.
We prohibit pretending to be someone (or something)that you’re not, or attempting to deceive people about
who you are. This includes impersonating your friends,
celebrities, brands, or other organizations.
We disallow spam and deceptive practices, including
imitating Snapchat or Snap Inc.

Overview
Doing our part to support a responsible information
environment has been a major priority at Snap. Deceptive
practices take on many forms, and we know they canundermine trust and pose a threat to Snapchatters’ safety
and security. Our policies are intended to reduce thespread of misinformation, and protect users from fraud
and spam, in a broad range of circumstances.

What you should expect
Our Community Guidelines relating to Harmful False or
Deceptive Information essentially cover two distinct, but
related, categories of harm: (1) false information and (2)fraudulent or spammy behavior.

1. False Information

NewsContent that distorts facts can have harmful
consequences for users and for society. We know it cansometimes be tough to know what’s accurate, particularly
when it comes to fast-breaking current events, orcomplicated matters of science, health, and world aﬀairs.
For this reason, our policies focus not only on whether
information is inaccurate or misleading, but also its
potential for harm.
There are several categories of information in which themisrepresentation of facts can pose unique dangers.
Across these areas, our teams take action against content
that is misleading or inaccurate, irrespective of whether
the misrepresentations are intentional. In this way, ourpolicies operate against all forms of information threats,
including misinformation, disinformation, malinformation,and manipulated media.
Examples of the information categories that we view asparticularly vulnerable to harm include the following:
Content that denies the existence of tragic events.
We prohibit content that calls that disputes, forexample, the Holocaust, or denies the events of the
Sandy Hook school shooting. Misrepresentations andunfounded conspiracy theories regarding suchtragedies may contribute to violence and hate, in
addition to harming users whose lives and families
have been impacted by such events.
Content that promotes unsubstantiated medical
claims. We disallow content that, for example,
recommends untested therapies for preventing the
spread of Covid-19; or that features unfounded
conspiracy theories about vaccines. While the ield of
medicine is ever-changing, and public health agencies
may often revise guidance, such credibleorganizations are subject to standards andaccountability and we may look to them to provide abenchmark for responsible health and medical
guidance.

Content that undermines the integrity of civic
processes. Elections and other civic processes play anessential role in the functioning of rights-respecting
societies, and also present unique targets for
information manipulation. To safeguard theinformation environment around such events, we
enforce our policies to apply to the following types of
threats to civic processes:
Procedural interference: misinformation related toactual election or civic procedures, such as
misrepresenting important dates and times or
eligibility requirements for participation.
Participation interference: content that includes
intimidation to personal safety or spreads rumors
to deter participation in the electoral or civic
process.
Fraudulent or unlawful participation: content thatencourages people to misrepresent themselves toparticipate in the civic process or to illegally cast or
destroy ballots.
Delegitimization of civic processes: content aiming
to delegitimize democratic institutions on the basisof false or misleading claims about election results,
for example.
Our policies against harmful false information arecomplemented by extensive product design safeguards
and advertising rules that limit virality, promotetransparency, and elevate the role of authenticity across
our platform. For more information on the ways ourplatform architecture supports these objectives, visit thisblog post.

2. Fraudulent or Spammy Behavior
Fraud and spam can subject Snapchatters to substantial
inancial harm, cybersecurity risks, and even legal
exposure (not to mention unpleasant and annoying
experiences). To reduce these risks, we prohibit deceptive
practices that undermine trust in our community.

Prohibited practices include content that promote scamsof any kind; get-rich-quick schemes; unauthorized orundisclosed paid content; and the promotion of
fraudulent goods or services, including counterfeit goods,
documents, or certi icates. We also prohibit pay-forfollower promotions or other follower-growth schemes;
the promotion of spam applications; and the promotion ofmultilevel marketing or pyramid schemes. We also
prohibit money laundering (including money couriering or
money muling) of any kind. This includes receiving andtransferring money that's illegally-obtained or from an
unknown source on behalf of someone else, unauthorized
and illegal money transmission or currency exchange
services, and soliciting and promoting these activities.
Finally, our policies prohibit pretending to be someone (orsomething) that you’re not, or attempting to deceive
people about who you are. This includes impersonating
your friends, celebrities, brands, or other organizations.
These rules also mean that it’s not okay to imitate
Snapchat or Snap, Inc. branding.

How we enforce these policies
Content that violates our rules against Harmful False or
Deceptive Information is removed. Users who share,promote, or distribute violating content will be noti ied of
the violation, and users who continue to violate thesepolicies will have their account access restricted.
In 2022, we expanded our reporting menu categories forfalse information, enabling users to report social, political,
and health-related misinformation more speci ically.
Please do share with us when you or someone else isbeing impersonated, or if you encounter spam or
misinformation. Once we receive a report, our Trust &Safety teams can take action to address theimpersonation or prevent harmful content frompersisting.

On our high-reach surfaces, like Spotlight and Discover,
we take a very proactive approach to moderating content
and promoting information integrity. But we enormously
value feedback and reports regarding any harmful content
you might encounter on these surfaces; they help alert us
to any breakdowns in our processes for keeping thesespaces free of harmful information.

Takeaway
Doing our part to promote a responsible information
environment remains a major priority across our company,
and we will continue to explore innovative approaches toprotecting Snapchatters from the risks of Harmful False or
Deceptive Content.
As we continue these eﬀorts, we are committed toproviding transparent insights into the eﬀectiveness of ourapproach. Through our transparency reports, we provide
country-level information related to our enforcements
against misinformation globally -- and we plan to provide
more detailed breakdowns of these violations in our futurereports.
We are committed to constantly calibrating the operationof our policies to improve our ability to address harmful
content or behavior, and we are committed to working
with diverse leaders from across the safety community toensure we are advancing these objectives responsibly. For
more information about our safety eﬀorts, please visit ourPrivacy and Safety Hub.

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Harassment & Bullying
Transparency

Community Guidelines Explainer Series
Updated: January 2023
We prohibit bullying or harassment of any kind. This
prohibition extends to all forms of sexual harassment,
including sending sexually explicit or nude images toother users. If someone blocks you, you may notcontact them from another account.
Sharing another person’s private information andSnaps of people in private spaces — like a bathroom,
bedroom, locker room or a medical facility — without
their knowledge and consent is not allowed.
If someone is depicted in your Snap and asks you to
remove it, please do! Respect the privacy rights ofothers.
Overview
Bullying and harassment have no place on Snapchat.
These kinds of harms can take many forms, so we’ve
combined our policy approach with product safeguards
and resources with users to address these risks in a
dynamic and multifaceted way.
As a baseline, our policies protect all members of ourcommunity from demeaning, defamatory, or
discriminatory content and advances. Sharing private
information or Snaps of people without their knowledge orconsent is also prohibited.
In addition to enforcing these policies consistently, we use
our product design to help limit harmful behavior that may
violate these rules. This includes default settings that
require both friends to accept a connection before they
can message each other, and providing notice to users
when screenshots of private Snaps, messages, andpro iles are taken.

NewsThrough our Here for You features, we help ensure users
have access to in-app resources and information to help
recognize and address bullying and harassment. We also
provide tools to ensure that any violating behavior on
Snapchat can be easily reported.

What you should expect
Violations of our harassment and bullying policies include
any unwanted behavior that could cause an ordinary
person to experience emotional distress. This includes
verbal abuse, threatening or shaming other users, andreally any behavior intended to embarrass or humiliate thetarget.
These rules also prohibit all forms of sexual harassment.
This may include making unwanted advances, sharing
graphic and unsolicited content, or sending obscene
requests or invitations to other users. We have zerotolerance for sharing non-consensual intimate imagery(NCII)––including sexual photos or videos taken or sharedwithout permission, as well as “revenge porn” or behavior
that threatens to share, exploit, or expose individuals’
intimate images or videos without their consent.
These rules also require users to respect each other’s
personal privacy. To help avoid violations of these policies,
users should not take photos or video of people without
their permission, and should avoid sharing private
information about other people, like their home address,
birthdate, phone numbers, etc. If someone asks you to
remove an image or information about them, please do!
We encourage users to report when they experience orobserve violations of these rules. Our moderation teams
aim to ensure that each user feels safe and comfortableusing Snapchat, and by reporting bad behavior, users canhelp us advance that goal.

TakeawayOur goal is to foster a safe community where
Snapchatters can express themselves, and we do nottolerate harassment & bullying of any kind. Bullying andharassment come in many forms, and our approach is tobe conscientious of how our users feel while using ourplatform.
Please be considerate of people’s dignity and privacy––ifthey express discomfort, respect their boundaries; if they
ask you to remove content about them, please do; andgenerally refrain from sharing images of people orinformation about them without their permission. If you
ever feel uncomfortable, do not hesitate to send us areport and block the other user––these features areprovided for your safety.
We are committed to constantly calibrating the operationof our policies to improve our ability to address harmful
content or behavior. While user reports help to inform ourapproach, we are committed to working with diverse
leaders from across the safety community to ensure weare advancing these objectives responsibly. For more
information about our safety eﬀorts, please visit
values.snap.com/news.

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Illegal or Regulated Activities
Transparency

Community Guidelines Explainer Series
Updated: January 2023
Don’t use Snapchat for any illegal activity. This
includes promoting, facilitating, or participating incriminal activity, such as buying, selling, exchanging,or facilitating sales of illegal or regulated drugs,
contraband (such as child sexual abuse or exploitation
imagery), weapons, or counterfeit goods or
documents. It also includes promoting or facilitating
any form of exploitation, including human tra icking or
sex tra icking.
We prohibit the illegal promotion of regulated goods
or industries, including unauthorized promotion ofgambling, tobacco products, and alcohol.

Overview
Our prohibition against illegal and regulated activities
re lects our stalwart commitment to safety across
Snapchat. Upholding these rules not only helps ensure ourplatform is not misused for unlawful purposes, but also
helps protect Snapchatters from risks of serious harm. To
help advance these aims, we partner extensively withsafety stakeholders, NGOs, and law enforcement
organizations to provide our community with educational
resources and to generally promote public safety.

What you should expect
While laws and regulations diﬀer in jurisdictions
throughout the world––and Snapchat is an increasingly
global community––users can expect that we will takeaction against any activity that undermines public safetyNewsor violates human rights, the laws of the United States, orthe laws of the country in which the user is located.
In all cases, prohibited illegal activities will include
promotion of criminal activity; facilitation or participationin cybercrime; and buying, selling or facilitating sales ofillegal or regulated drugs, contraband, weapons, andcounterfeit goods or documents.
Our rules also prohibit using our platform for theunauthorized sale or promotion of goods or activities thatare regulated by government authorities in ways that
require special licensing or other administrativecompliance to be legally purchased, sold, or used.
Examples of regulated activities that require priorapproval from Snap include facilitating online gambling
activities; selling alcoholic beverages; and promoting
THC businesses. Businesses are encouraged to consult
this resource for guidance regarding appropriate
commerce and advertising activities on Snapchat.
We are committed to ensuring that Snapchatters have as
much information as possible regarding the types of
online behavior and activities that may violate the law andpresent serious risk to their safety. Through partnerships
with nonpro it organizations and collaboration withdiverse safety stakeholders, we are committed to raisingawareness of high-risk activities and ways that
Snapchatters can stay safe. This includes in-app
resources, like Here for You and Heads Up, as well as
external partnerships with stakeholders like the AdCouncil
and the White House. We also cooperate with law
enforcement agencies in response to valid legal processconcerning activities on Snapchat that may provide
evidence of a crime.

How we enforce these policies
Content that violates our rules against Illegal or Regulated
Activities will be removed. In many cases, users whoshare, promote, or distribute violating content will receive

a warning notice, and users who repeatedly violate thesepolicies will have their account access restricted.
However, there are certain illegal activities––like drug
dealing or human tra icking, for instance––for which wetruly have zero tolerance; these violations will result in aloss of account privileges following even a single
infraction.
An important way to help us keep Snapchat safe is toimmediately report illegal activities using our in-app
reporting tool. Once we receive a report, our Trust &Safety teams can take action quickly to appropriately
address the harm. On our high-reach surfaces, like
Spotlight and Discover, we take a very proactive approach
to moderating content and promoting information
integrity, but it’s still enormously valuable to receive user
reports regarding any harmful content you might
encounter on these surfaces; they help alert us to any
breakdowns in our processes for keeping these spaces
free of unlawful or unsafe activity.

Takeaway
Doing our part to promote public safety and protect
Snapchatters from harmful or illegal activities is a
responsibility we take very seriously.
As we continue these eﬀorts, we are committed toproviding transparent insights into the eﬀectiveness of ourapproach. Through our Transparency Reports, we provide
country-level information related to our enforcements
against illegal or regulated activities. To provide additional
granularity regarding these eﬀorts, we’ve broken out ourreporting and enforcement data for drug-related andweapons-related violations in our Transparency Report,
and we plan to provide more detailed breakdowns ofthese violations in our future reports.
We encourage users to report instances of illegal activity
to help keep Snapchat a safe and inclusive space for all.
We are always looking for opportunities to improve ourability to address harmful content or behavior, and we arecommitted to working with diverse leaders from acrossthe safety community to ensure we are advancing theseobjectives responsibly. For more information about oursafety eﬀorts, please visit our Privacy and Safety Hub.

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Severe Harm
Transparency

Community Guidelines Explainer Series
Updated: December 2023
The safety of Snapchatters is our top priority. We takebehavior that threatens the safety of our community very
seriously, particularly when the threat of harm is severe.
We consider severe harm to include both (1) harms thatrisk signi icant damage to the physical or emotional wellbeing of Snapchatters, and (2) the imminent, credible riskof severe harm, including threats to human life, safety, andwell-being. We collaborate with experts, safety groups,
and law enforcement on these topics in order to better
educate ourselves and our community, and to takeappropriate action where these threats may arise on ourplatform. We consider these types of harms to merit aheightened level of scrutiny, as well as swift, strict, andpermanent consequences for violators.

When we identify Snapchatters engaging in any of thefollowing activities, we immediately disable their accounts
and, in some instances, refer the conduct to law
enforcement:
Activity that involves sexual exploitation or abuse,including sharing child sexual exploitation or abuse
imagery, grooming, child or adult sex tra icking, or
sexual extortion (sextortion)
Attempted selling, exchanging, or facilitating sales ofdangerous and illicit drugs
Credible, imminent threats to human life, safety, or
well-being, which may include violent extremism or
terrorism-related activities, human tra icking, speci ic
threats of violence (such as a bomb threat), or otherserious criminal activitiesNewsIn addition to enforcing stricter consequences for these
violations, our internal teams are continually working withexperts to better understand how we can detect and limit
threats, prevent harm, and stay informed of potentiallyharmful trends. Our work on this topic is never inishedand it will continue to evolve with the needs of ourcommunity. We invite you to report a safety concern, visit
our Safety Center, or learn more about our eﬀorts toaddress harmful content and promote wellness.

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Are you a Parent? Learn more about what we're doing to help keep
Snapchatters safe.

Privacy and Safety by DesignNewsQuick Links

Safety Concerns?

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Latest News Updates

Privacy and
Safety Built In
From Day One.
Opens to a Camera, Not a
Feed of Content.
Snapchat is an alternative to
traditional social media—avisual messaging app thathelps enhance yourrelationship with your friends,
family, and the world. That’swhy Snapchat opens directly
to the camera, not a content
feed, and focuses onconnecting people who are
already friends in real life.
Snapchat empowers you toexpress yourself and have funwith friends without thepressure to grow a following
or compete for likes.

How to use our a…

Communicationthat Re lects RealLife
Because messages
delete by default,
Snapchat re lects how
you normally interact
with friends face-to-faceor on the phone.

Safeguards andProtections For You
We want Snapchat to besafe for everyone. We
oﬀer extra protections
for young people anddon’t allow unvetted
content to go viral.

Leading With Our
ValuesFrom day one, we’ve
built products thatprioritize ourcommunity’s privacy,
safety, and wellbeing.

Privacy Center

Safety CenterTransparency
Reports

Snapchat re lects

Our policies and in-the privacy you

app safety features

We are committed

expect in your real

help Snapchattersto beinglife relationships.

express themselvestransparent about

See our privacy

and safely connect

what we’re doing toprinciples in action.

with people theykeep Snapchatters

actually know.

safer while
respecting their

Learn More
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Latest News
Snap's Commitment to
Collaboration with Law
Enforcement
By Rachel Hochauser
on Tuesday, December 19, 2023

Demonstrating respect andempathy on World Kindness Day
By Jacqueline Beauchereon Monday, November 13, 2023

Our Transparency Report for theFirst Half of 2023
By Team Snap
on Thursday, October 26, 2023

Introducing New Safeguards toProtect our Community
By Team Snap
on Thursday, September 07, 2023

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About Transparency Reporting
Transparency

January 1, 2023 - June 30, 2023

Transparency
Report
About
Glossary
Previous
Reports
Community
Guidelines
European
Union

Throughout this Transparency Report, we highlight how
we enforce safety and privacy across our platform.
Beyond simply reporting our data, here we provide
additional context and insight into our safety principles,policies, and practices, as well as links to various safety
and privacy resources.
History of Snap’s Transparency Reporting
Since 2015, we have produced Transparency Reportsthat provide important insight into the volume andnature of government requests for Snapchatters'

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account information and other legal noti ications.

Australia

Since November 2015, our policy has been to notify
Snapchatters when we receive legal process seeking
their account information, with exceptions for cases
where we are legally prohibited from doing so, or when
we believe exceptional circumstances exist (like childsexual exploitation or an imminent risk of death orserious bodily injury).
In 2020, we enhanced our Transparency Report toprovide insights into the volume and nature ofaccounts reported on Snapchat for violations of ourTerms of Service or Community Guidelines. We also
included country-level breakdowns, available for all
countries in a downloadable CSV. In 2021, we expanded
our categories to include false information, trademark
notices and Violative View Rate.
We are now in the process of further enhancing ourTransparency Report, in line with the requirements of
the Digital Services Act. This information willNewscomplement the information we already provide in our
Transparency Report for H1 2023 and on our EU
Transparency Page.
Additional Safety and Privacy Resources
Snap is committed to developing an ecosystem ofsafety within our platform. Here are some additional
resources that explain and inform our policies, actions,and perspectives on safety and transparency.
Snap’s Transparency Report Explainer Guide
Transparency reports include a lot of information thatcan sometimes be challenging for parents, caregivers
and other stakeholders who care deeply about thesafety of our community to fully understand.
This explainer guide is designed to help you better
understand our latest report and to help you easily
compare what’s new this year.
Safety Center
Snapchat is a platform for teens aged 13 and over, andwe want to help both users and their parents
understand how to use our app safely and criticalprotections they should be aware of. Our Safety Hub
includes insights into our safety policies, a list of safety
resources, guidance on how to report concerns on
Snapchat, and resources for parents and caregivers.
Additionally, it includes information about the Snapchat
Family Center, our system of parental controls.
Community Guidelines
Our Community Guidelines form the foundation of oursafety principles and are intended to inform users
about responsible use of Snapchat. We routinely assess
our Guidelines as just one way of actively working tohelp keep Snapchat safe.
In-App Reporting
While safety teams and advanced AI operate 24/7 tohelp keep Snapchat safe, we also rely on our users toreport concerns. To do so, we oﬀer tools both in-app
and online to report content and individuals that violate
our policies.
Family Center
Family Center is our in-app parental control tool, whichhelps parents get more insight into who their teens arefriends with on Snapchat, and who they have beencommunicating with, without revealing any of thesubstance of those conversations.
Parent’s Guide
This guide is meant to help parents and caregivers
understand how Snapchat works, the key protections
we oﬀer for teens, how to use our parental controls,
and to answer common questions.
Here for You
The well-being and safety of our users are paramount to
us at Snap. To provide engaging and high-touchresources for our users, we have developed in-app
tools like Here for You, which provides proactive in-app
support to Snapchatters who may be experiencing amental health or emotional crisis.
Privacy Center
At Snap, we make your privacy a priority. We seek toearn your trust every time you use Snapchat, or any ofour products—that is why we treat your information
diﬀerently than most other tech companies. Even
though our products are constantly evolving, ourprivacy principles and strong commitment to user
privacy remain unchanged.
Law Enforcement Guide
This guide provides information for law enforcemento icials seeking Snapchat account records (i.e.,
Snapchat user data) from Snap.
Safety & Impact Blog

Launched in April 2021, our blog aims to serve as ahelpful resource for the many stakeholders andadvocates who are interested in how we work to
support the safety, privacy and wellbeing of our
Snapchat community.

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