υϋΈΩσΑঽાഩ࡙ȶέρͼγͼȜσอഩ‫ܥ‬ȷ‫׋‬ഢ‫ٳ‬ই৆ങ!
ĲĪ࣭ष಼‫ޑ‬ঽા‫ݪࡄڠش‬ঔ୭ ġ ġ ߄ൽġ ࢼ֚ġ෰ࠆ 5 ᦬ 16 ᣣ㧔㊄㧕‫⊒࡞࡯ࠗࡎࠗ࡜ࡈޟޔ‬㔚ᯏ 2)‫ߩޠ‬ㆇォ㐿ᆎᑼౖ߇ᨰࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬߦ߅޿ߡⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᑼౖߪ‫ޔ‬Ꭺጊᱜੑ㇢࿖㓙⿥ᒝ⏛႐⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳㐳ߩ㐿ળߩㄉߦᆎ߹ࠅ‫ޔ‬ኅᵏᒄ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ㐳ߩ᜿ᜦߩᓟ‫ ࠻࠶ࠞࡊ࡯࠹ࠆࠃߦ⾠᧪ޔ‬3) ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ᧄޕ‬ᑼౖߩࡔࠗࡦ
ࠗࡌࡦ࠻ߢ޽ࠆ‫⊒࡞࡯ࠗࡎࠗ࡜ࡈޟ‬㔚ᯏ‫࠴࠶ࠗࠬޠ‬ᛩ౉ߪጟ᧛ቯ⍱ℂ੐㨯೽ቇ㐳 4) ߦࠃࠅⴕࠊࠇ‫ޔ‬ή੐ߦㆇォ߇㐿ᆎߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬㨬ࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞⊒㔚ᯏ㨭ߩടㅦ 5) ࠍᓙߟ㑆ߦ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄේሶജ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴ 6)ࠍೋ߼ߣߒߚ㑐ଥදജᯏ㑐ߦᗵ⻢⁁ 7) ߇⿅๒ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᑼౖߪ਄↰๺ᄦ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ
೨ᚲ㐳 8) ߦࠃࠆ⏛႐⊒↢ㆇォ㐿ᆎᑼߢߩ࠹࡯ࡊࠞ࠶࠻

ࠬࠗ࠶࠴ᛩ౉ߢ✦߼ߊߊࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ᒁ߈⛯߈␸⾐ળ߇ⴕࠊࠇߚ‫⾐␸ޕ‬ળߢߪ‫ޔ‬ጟ᧛ቯ⍱ℂ੐࡮೽ቇ㐳‫ޔ‬᪀↰ᖗᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭ቇⴚᯏ㑐⺖⺖㐳⵬૒‫ޔ‬ᵻ⠀ᄢ༹ᨰᏒ೽Ꮢ
㐳‫࠻࡞ࡏࡦࡈ࡮ࠣ࡞ࡌࡦ࠹࡞ࠝ࡮ࡦࠜࡈ࡮࡞ࠛࡂࡒޔ‬ᄢቇᢎ᝼ 9) ╬ߦࠃࠆ␸ㄉ߇ㅀߴࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᒰᣣߪᄤ᳇ߦ߽ᕺ߹ࠇ‫ޔ‬ቇౝᄖ߆ࠄߩ⚂ 200 ฬߩෳട⠪߇޽ࠅ⋓ᴫߩ߁ߜߦᑼౖߪ⚳ੌߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᧄᑼౖߢㆇォࠍ㐿ᆎߒߚ‫⊒࡞࡯ࠗࡎࠗ࡜ࡈޟ‬㔚ᯏ‫ޔߪޠ‬਎⇇ᦨᄢ 10)ߩ⋥ᵹ⊒㔚ᯏߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᩭⲢว⹜㛎ⵝ⟎ JFT-2M11)ߩ৻ㇱߣߒߡ⚂ 10 ᐕ㑆‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄේሶജ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴ߦ߅޿ߡ૶↪ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠍࠇߎޕ‬ᒝ⏛႐⊒↢↪㔚Ḯߣߒߡౣ೑↪ߔࠆ⋡⊛ߢᨰࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬߦ⒖⸳ߒߚ‫ޕ‬4 ᐕ⸘↹ߢ⃻࿷ㅴⴕਛߩ੐ᬺ
ጟ᧛ቯ⍱ℂ੐㨯೽ቇ㐳ߦࠃࠆࠬࠗ࠶࠴ᛩ౉

‫ޡ‬࿖㓙‛ᕈ⎇ⓥ᜚ὐ㧦ᒝ⏛႐ࠦ࡜ࡏ࡜࠻࡝࡯12)‫੹ߪޢ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕᐲ߹ߢߦࠦࡦ࠺ࡦࠨ࡯㔚Ḯߣ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚ 100 ࠹ࠬ࡜ 13) ߩࡠࡦࠣࡄ࡞ࠬ⏛႐ 14)ߩ⊒↢ࠍ⋡ᜰߒ‫ޔ‬ቢᚑᓟߪో࿖౒ห೑↪⎇ⓥߦଏߔࠆ 15) ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬༞௷୰ྶġ1) ࿖㓙⿥ᒝ⏛႐⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳㧦᭎▚ⷐ᳞ߦࠃࠅᐔᚑ 18 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄᆎ߹ߞߚ
‫ޡ‬ᒝ⏛႐ࠦ࡜ࡏ࡜࠻࡝࡯‫ࠍ↹⸘ޢ‬ㆀⴕߔࠆߚ߼ߦ⚵❱ߐࠇߚᣉ⸳‫ޕ‬ᭂ㒢ⅣႺ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷߆ࠄᎪጊ⎇‫ޔ‬㊄㆏⎇߇㘧߮಴ߒ‫ޔ‬ᓼ᳗ᚲຬ߇ᐔᚑ 19 ᐕᐲߦวᵹ‫ޔ‬
੹ᐕߩ 8 ᦬ߦ᧻↰ᣂᚲຬ߇ടࠊࠅᣉ⸳ߩ㒯ኈ߇ឥ߁‫ߦߺߥߜޕ‬ᣉ⸳ฬߩ㗡ߦઃߊ‫ޟ‬࿖㓙‫ߪޠ‬਄↰೨ᚲ㐳ߩ⊒᩺ߦࠃࠆ‫ޕ‬࿖㓙ࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬߚࠆᨰࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬߩ
ℂᔨࠍ⴫⃻ߒߚߛߌߢߪߥߊ‫ࠍࠕࠫࠕޔ‬ઍ⴫ߔࠆਛᔃ⊛ߥታ㛎᜚ὐߣߥࠆߎߣ
ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚฬ೨ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬਄↰๺ᄦ೨ᚲ㐳ߦࠃࠆ⏛႐⊒↢ࠬࠗ࠶࠴ᛩ౉

12) ࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞⊒㔚ᯏ㧦ᱜᑼߦߪ‫࡞࡯ࠗࡎࠗ࡜ࡈޟ‬ઃ߈⋥ᵹ⊒㔚ᯏ‫ ߢ⺆⧷ߪ࡞࡯ࠗࡎࠗ࡜ࡈޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬flywheel ߣᦠ߈‫ޔ‬ㄉᦠߦߪ‫ߺߕߪޔ‬ゞߩᗧߣ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬fly ߛߌߢ߽ߪߕߺゞߩᗧ๧ࠍᜬߟࠃ߁
ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬wheel㧔ゞベ㧕ߣวࠊߖߡᗧࠍᒝߊߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬⧷๺ㄉౖࠍ⷗ߡߺࠆߣૃߚࠃ߁ߥᾫ⺆ߢ‫ޔ‬a fly on the wheel㧔߁ߧ߷ࠇߡ޿ࠆੱߣ޿߁ᗧ๧㧕ߣ޿߁ߩ߇޽ࠆ߇‫ ߩߎޔ‬fly ߪࡂࠛߩᗧ๧ߥߩߢૃߡ㕖ߥࠆ‛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߺߕߪޕ‬ゞߣ޿߁⸒⪲߽ಽ߆ࠅߦߊ
޿߇‫ߪⷐޔ‬࿁ォゲߦ㊀ߚ޿౞⋚߇ઃ޿ߚ⊒㔚ᯏߣ޿ߞߚߣߎࠈ߇ታ
㓙⊛ߥ⴫⃻ߢ޽ࠆ‫⊒ߚ߹ޕ‬㔚ᯏߣ޿߁ߩ߽ߒ߫ߒ߫⺋⸃ࠍਈ߃ࠆߎ
ߣ߇޽ࠆ‫⊒ޕ‬㔚ᯏߪ᥉ㅢ‫⫳ޔ‬᳇ߩജ߿᳓ജߢ࠲࡯ࡆࡦࠍ࿁ߔߎߣߦ

ࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞⊒㔚ᯏߩᧄ૕‫ޕ‬ᚻ೨ߦ⷗߃ࠆ⿒޿౞⋚ࠃߞߡ㔚᳇ࠍ૞ࠆࠗࡔ࡯ࠫ߇޽ࠆߩߦኻߒߡ‫ߩߎޔ‬㔚Ḯߪ߻ߒࠈᄢ

߇ࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞ߢ㧝ᨎߩ㊀㊂߇ 30 ࠻ࡦ‫ో߇ࠇߎޕ‬߈ߥࡕ࡯࠲࡯ߢ޽ࠅ‫ࠄ߆ߡࠇ౉ࠍ࠴࠶ࠗࠬޔ‬ᓢ‫ߦޘ‬ടㅦࠍᆎ߼‫ࡈޔ‬ㇱߢ㧠ᨎ޽ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ะߎ߁ߩ⊕޿ࠪ࡯࠻߇߆ߌߡ޽ࠆ
ㇱಽ߇ࡕ࡯࠲࡯౗⊒㔚ᯏㇱಽߢߎࠇ߽㧠บ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞ߩ࿁ォࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩᒻߢࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ⫾Ⓧߒ‫ࠍࠇߎޔ‬ขࠅ಴ߒߡ૶↪ߔࠆᤨߦ⊒㔚ࠍⴕ߁ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㔚᳇ߩߥ޿ߣߎࠈ߆ࠄ㔚᳇ࠍ૞ࠅ಴ߔߩߢߪߥߊߡ‫ޔ‬㔚᳇ࠍ࿁ォࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩᒻߢ⾂߼ߡ߅߈‫ࠄ߆ߎߘޔ‬ขࠅ಴ߒߡ૶߁ߛߌߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫ߩߎޔ‬㔚Ḯߪ‫ޟ‬࿁ォゲߦ㊀ߚ޿౞⋚߇ઃ޿ߚᏂ
ᄢߥ⋥ᵹࡕ࡯࠲࡯޽ࠆ޿ߪ⊒㔚ᯏ‫߽ߣߎ߁⸒ߣޠ‬಴᧪ࠆ‫ޕ‬3) ࠹࡯ࡊࠞ࠶࠻㧦౮⌀ߪ࠹࡯ࡊࠞ࠶࠻ߩ㧝ࠪ࡯ࡦ‫ޕ‬ะ߆ߞߡᏀ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᵻ⠀ᄢ༹ᨰᏒ೽Ꮢ㐳‫ޔ‬ጟ᧛ቯ⍱ℂ੐࡮೽ቇ㐳‫ޔ‬᪀↰ᖗᢥㇱ⑼ቇ⋭ቇⴚᯏ㑐⺖⺖㐳⵬૒‫ޔ‬ኅᵏᒄᚲ㐳‫ޔ‬ർ᪯༑৻ᣣᧄේሶജ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴వ┵ၮ␆⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯⎇ⓥផㅴቶ㐳‫ޔ‬਄↰೨ᚲ㐳‫⊒࡞࡯ࠗࡎࠗ࡜ࡈޕ‬㔚ᯏࠍࡃ࠶ࠢߦߒߡ࠹࡯ࡊࠞ࠶࠻ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᒰೋߩ⸘↹ߢߪ⊒㔚ᯏߦะ߆ߞߡ࠹࡯
ࡊࠞ࠶࠻ߔࠆߟ߽ࠅߢ޽ߞߚ‫߅ߩઁߪߢࠇߘޕ‬ቴ᭽ߦᄬ␞ߢ޽ࠆߒ‫ࠍࠄߜߎޔ‬ะ޿ߚᣇ߇⛗⊛ߦ߽⦟޿ߣ޿߁ℂ↱ߢߎߩᒻߦߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬4) ጟ᧛ቯ⍱ℂ੐࡮೽ቇ㐳ߦࠃࠆࠬࠗ࠶࠴ᛩ౉㧦ᧄᑼౖߩࡔࠗࡦࠗࡌࡦ࠻‫ޕ‬਄ㅀߒߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ࠍ࠴࠶ࠗࠬޔ‬ᛩ౉ߒߡ߽ࡈ࡜
ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞ߪࠁߞߊࠅߣടㅦࠍᆎ߼ࠆߛߌߥߩߢ⪇߿߆ߐߦߪᰳߌࠆ߈ࠄ޿ߪ޽ࠆ߇‫ᧄ߇ߘߎࠇߎޔ‬ᑼౖߩࡔࠗࡦࠗࡌࡦ
࠻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬5) ࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞ߩടㅦ㧦ᦨᄢ࿁ォᢙߪ 460rpm ߢ‫ ⚂ࠄ߆ߡߒ࠻࡯࠲ࠬޔ‬30 ಽߢᦨᄢ࿁ォᢙߦ㆐ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᑼౖߢߪᤨ㑆ߩ೙⚂߇޽ࠅ 225rpm ߢ૶↪ߒߚ߇‫⾐␸ޔ‬ળߩ㑆ߦᦨᄢ߹ߢౣടㅦߒߚ‫ޕ‬ේ⎇ߢߪࠊߕ߆ 5 ಽ㑆ߢᦨᄢ߹ߢߩടㅦ߇น
⢻ߢ޽ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᨰࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬߢߪ㔚ജᄾ⚂߅ࠃ߮ฃ㔚⋚ߩ㑐ଥߢ 30 ಽ߆߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙ߦߪ⏛႐⊒↢ߩ㑆㓒߇ 30 ಽએ਄ߥߩߢታ↪਄ߩ໧㗴ߪή޿‫ᦨޔߦߺߥߜޕ‬ᄢടㅦᤨߩࡇ࡯ࠢ㔚ജߪ⚂ 1500kW ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬6) ᣣᧄේሶജ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴㧦ㅢ⒓ේ⎇‫ᧄޕ‬੐ᬺ߇ߎߎ߹ߢ᧪ࠄࠇߚߩߪ߭ߣ߃ߦේ⎇ߩදജߩ߅㒶ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐔᚑ 16 ᐕᐲߢታ㛎߇⚳ੌߒߚ JFT-2M ߩ࠻ࡠࠗ࠳࡞⏛႐↪㔚Ḯߢ޽ࠆࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞⊒㔚ᯏࠍ⼑ᷰߒߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙ߩ⒖⸳
ߪᐔᚑ 18 ᐕߩ 9 ᦬㨪11 ᦬ߢ޽ߞߚߩߢ‫ ⚂ޔ‬2 ᐕ㑆ߦࠊߚࠅ㔚Ḯߩ⛽ᜬ࡮▤ℂߛߌߢߪߥߊ‫ߩߎޔ‬㑆ߦ⿠ߎߞߚ޽ࠄࠁ
ࠆ໧㗴ߦኻߒߡࠨࡐ࡯࠻ߒߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬7) ᗵ⻢⁁㧦ᗵ⻢⁁ߪએਅߩ 8 ⠪ߦ⿅๒ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄේሶജ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴‫ޔ‬ਃ⪉㔚ᯏ‫↰ޔࡦ࡚ࠪࠢ࡜࠻ࠬࡦࠦ࡮ࡒ࠭ࠗޔ‬ਛᑪ▽⸳⸘੐ോᚲ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄࠛࠕࠦࡦ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫ޔ‬ᾖ᳗㔚⸳‫⸳࡞࡜࠻ࡦ࠮৻╙ޔ‬஻‫ޔ‬ጊൎᎿᬺ‫ޕ‬ේ⎇߳ߩℂ↱ߪ਄⸥ߩㅢࠅ‫ޔ‬ਃ⪉㔚ᯏߪᧄ⊒㔚ᯏߩ⵾૞ળ␠ߢ޽ࠅ‫੹ޔ‬࿁ߩ⒖⸳ో⥸ߦࠊߚࠅ߅਎⹤ߦߥߞߚ‫ޔߪઁߩߘޕ‬ᑪ‛ߩ⸳⸘߅ࠃ߮ᑪ▽ߢ߅਎⹤ߦߥߞߚળ␠ߢ‫ᤨ߽▚੍ޔ‬㑆߽߆ߥࠅߩ೙⚂߇޽ߞߚߥ߆‫ޔ‬ήℂߥᵈᢥࠍᒁ߈ฃߌߡ޿ߚߛߊߎߣߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᡷ߼ߡ⻢ᗧࠍ⴫ߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬28) ⏛႐⊒↢ࠬࠗ࠶࠴ᛩ౉㧦ᒝ⏛႐ࠍ⊒↢ߔࠆߚ߼ߩࠦࠗ࡞
ߪ߹ߛ಴᧪ߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߢᡆૃ⽶⩄ࠍ↪޿ߡ਄↰೨ᚲ㐳ߦࠬࠗ࠶࠴ᛩ౉ࠍ߅㗿޿ߒߚ‫ᦨ߇࡯࠾ࡕ࡟࠮ߩߎޕ‬ᓟߩࡗࡑ႐ߢ
޽ߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ή੐ㅢ㔚ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ߇ࡕ࠾࠲࡯ߦᤋߒ಴ߐࠇߡᚑഞ
ⵣߦ㐿ᆎᑼ߇⚳ੌߒߚ‫ޕ‬9) ࡒࡂࠛ࡞࡮ࡈࠜࡦ࡮ࠝ࡞࠹ࡦࡌ࡞ࠣᢎ᝼㧦਎⇇ߩᒝ⏛႐⇇ߦ߅ߌࠆਛᔃੱ‛ߩ৻ੱ‫࠻࡞ࡏࡦࡈޕ‬ᄢቇߢ৻Ꮞ߈ࠦࠗ࡞
ᴺߦࠃࠆᒝ⏛႐ታ㛎ࠍዷ㐿ߒߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕ‫ޔ‬ᓐߩⵝ⟎ߪᒉሶߩ޿ࠆ࠷࡯࡞࡯࠭㧔੽㧕߳⒖ߐࠇߚ‫৻ߢࠇߎޕ‬Ꮞ߈ࠦࠗ࡞
ᴺࠍណ↪ߔࠆᒝ⏛႐ߪ‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇‫ࠬࡕ࡜ࠕࠬࡠޔ࠭࡯࡞࡯࠷ޔ‬⺣╉ߔࠆࡒࡂࠛ࡞㨯ࡈࠜࡦ㨯ࠝ࡞࠹ࡦࡌ࡞ࠣᢎ᝼ ฝ ߣਃᶆฬ⹷ᢎ᝼ Ꮐ ߩਃࠞᚲߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬10) ਎⇇ᦨᄢߩ⋥ᵹ⊒㔚ᯏ㧦ߎߩ⊒㔚ᯏ‫⋥ޔ‬ᵹ⊒㔚ᯏߣߒߡߪ਎⇇ᦨᄢߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬಴ജ߇ 51.3MW㧔2.7kV‫ޔ‬19kA㧕߽޽ࠅ‫⹺߽ߦࠢ࠶ࡉࠬࡀࠡޔ‬ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⊒ޕ‬㔚ᯏߪࠨࠗ࡝ࠬ࠲ߥߤߩ⊒ዷߦࠃࠅ੤ᵹ߇ਥᵹߣߥߞߡ
޿ࠆߚ߼‫੹ޔ‬ᓟ߽ߎߩ⸥㍳߇⎕ࠄࠇࠆน⢻ᕈߪૐ޿‫ޕ‬11) ᩭⲢว⹜㛎ⵝ⟎ JFT-2M㧦ᣣᧄේሶജ⎇ⓥᚲ㧔⃻ᣣᧄේሶജ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴㧕ߩ㜞ᕈ⢻࠻ࠞࡑࠢ㐿⊒⹜㛎ⵝ⟎ JFT-2M(JAERI Fusion Torus2M)ߪ‫ޔ‬ᩭⲢวࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚࡊ࡜࠭ࡑ⎇ⓥⵝ⟎ߣߒߡ‫ ⚂ޔ‬21 ᐕ㑆ታ㛎ㆇォࠍታᣉߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬JFT-2M ߩ૶๮ߪ‫⿥ޔ‬㜞᷷ߩࡊ࡜࠭ࡑࠍ⏛᳇㐽ߓㄟ߼ᴺߦࠃࠅἹᔃߦ㐽ߓㄟ߼ࠆ‫ޟ‬Ἱᔃࡊ࡜࠭ࡑߩ㜞ᕈ⢻ൻ‫ߩߘޕߚߞ޽ߢޠ‬ਛߢ‫ޔ‬ࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞ઃ߈⋥ᵹ⊒㔚ᯏߪ‫⏛࡞࠳ࠗࡠ࠻ޔ‬႐⊒↢↪㔚Ḯߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ਥⷐߥᓎഀࠍᜂߞߡ߈ߚ‫ߢߎߎޕ‬ᓧࠄࠇߚᄙߊߩᚑᨐߪ࿖㓙ᾲᩭⲢวታ㛎Ἱ(ITER)ߢ߽ណ↪ߐࠇࠆߥߤ‫ޔ‬ᩭⲢวࡊ࡜࠭ࡑߩ‛ℂ⎇ⓥߦᄢ߈ߥ⿷〔ࠍᱷߒߡ‫ޔ‬2004 ᐕߦోߡߩታ㛎ㆇォࠍ⚳ੌߒߚ‫ޕ‬12) ᒝ⏛႐ࠦ࡜ࡏ࡜࠻࡝࡯㧦࿖ౝߩ྾ᄢ᜚ὐ㧔᧲ർᄢ࡮㊄᧚⎇‫᧚‛ޔ‬ᯏ᭴࡮ᒝ⏛႐࠮ࡦ࠲࡯‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇‫ޔ‬㒋ᄢ࡮ᭂ㒢࠮ࡦ࠲࡯㧕ߩㅪ៤ࠍᒝൻߒߡో

ࠡࡀࠬࡉ࠶ࠢߩ⹺ቯᦠ‫ޕ‬The largest DCᣣᧄ⊛ߥᒝ⏛႐‛ᕈ⎇ⓥ᜚ὐࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ੐ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ‫ߪߢࠞ࡝ࡔࠕޕ‬࿖

Generator with a capacity of 51,300 kWߣᦠ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬┙ᒝ⏛႐⎇ⓥᚲ߇ࡠࠬࠕ࡜ࡕࠬߣࡈࡠ࡝࠳ߩㅪ៤ߢㆇ༡ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫࡯࡛ޔ‬ࡠ࠶ࡄ߽ EC ౝߢߩㅪวࠍᒝൻߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄߦ߅޿ߡߪᒝ
⏛႐ࠦ࡜ࡏ࡜࠻࡝࡯ߩᒻᚑߢᣣᧄ⁛⥄ߩᣂ‛⾰㐿⊒߿ᣂ⃻⽎⊒⷗ߦߟߥ߇ࠆၮ⋚⎇ⓥࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠆ੐߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬13) 100 ࠹ࠬ࡜⸘↹㧦ࠦࠗ࡞ߦኻߔࠆ㔚⏛ᔕജ߿⊒ᾲࠍ✭๺ߔࠆߚ߼ߦࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࡞ࠬᣇᑼߦࠃࠆ 100 ࠹ࠬ࡜ࠍ⸘↹ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ዊߐߥࠦࠗ࡞ࠍᄢ߈޿ࠦࠗ࡞ߩਛߦ౉ࠇ‫⏛ࠢ࡯ࡇޔ‬႐ࠍ㊀ߨࠆ᭽ߦ⏛႐⊒↢ߔࠆߎߣࠍࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࡞ࠬᣇᑼߣ๭߱
߇‫ޔ‬ᄖ஥ߦ㈩⟎ߒߚᄢ߈޿ࠦࠗ࡞ߢߩ⏛႐⊒↢ߦߪᏂᄢߥࠛ
ࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍᛩ౉ߔࠆߚ߼ࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞⊒㔚ᯏ߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄖࠦࠗ࡞ߩౝ஥ߦ⸳⟎ߒߚዊߐߥࠦࠗ࡞ߪࠦࡦ࠺ࡦࠨ࡯㔚Ḯߢ⏛႐ࠍ⊒↢ߔࠆ‫࡞࠺ࡕޕ‬ታ㛎ߢߪᄖࠦࠗ࡞߽ࠦࡦ࠺ࡦࠨ࡯
㔚Ḯߢ㔚ᵹࠍᵹߒ‫ޔ‬ᓥ᧪ߩᣇᑼߦࠃࠆᦨᄢ⏛႐ࠍᦝᣂߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᣂߒ޿ታ㛎᫟㧔K ᫟㧕ߩ⋴᧼‫ޕ‬࿖㓙ᒝ⏛႐ࠦ࡜ࡏ࡜࠻࡝࡯ߣ
ᦠ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

3ࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࡞ࠬᣇᑼߦࠃࠆᒝ⏛႐⊒↢ᴺ‫ޕ‬ᄢ߈ߥᄖࠦࠗ࡞ߩ㔚ࡕ࠺࡞ታ㛎ߦࠃࠆ⏛႐ᵄᒻ‫ ⚂ޕ‬84 ࠹ࠬ࡜ߩ⏛႐⊒Ḯߣߒߡࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞⊒㔚ᯏࠍ↪޿‫ޔ‬ዊߐߥౝࠦࠗ࡞ߪࠦ
ࡦ࠺ࡦࠨ࡯㔚Ḯࠍ૶߁‫ޕ‬↢ߦᚑഞߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ౝࠦࠗ࡞ߩౝᓘ߇ 5mm ߒ߆ߥ޿ߚ߼ታ↪ߦߪߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬14) ࡠࡦࠣࡄ࡞ࠬ⏛႐㧦ߎߎߢ૶߁ࡠࡦࠣࡄ࡞ࠬߣ޿߁⸒⪲ߦߪੑߟߩᗧ๧߇޽ࠆ‫ߪߟߣ߭ޕ‬࿑ߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߥ 1 ⑽㨪
10 ⑽ߦ޿ߚࠆᤨ㑆ߢ⊒↢ߔࠆ⏛႐ߩߎߣߢ޽ࠆ߇‫߇ࠇߎޔ‬ታ⃻ߢ߈ࠆߩߪ 60 ࠹ࠬ࡜߹ߢߩ੐ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬100 ࠹ࠬ࡜ߣߥࠆ
ߣࡇ࡯ࠢઃㄭߢߪ㧝ࡒ࡝⑽㨪10 ࡒ࡝⑽ߩࡄ࡞ࠬߣߥࠆ߇‫ ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬100 ࠹ࠬ࡜⊒↢ࠍⴕߞߡ߈ߚ৻Ꮞ߈ࠦࠗ࡞ᴺߦᲧߴ
ߡ 1000 ୚߽㐳ߊߥߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᗧ๧ߢࡠࡦࠣࡄ࡞ࠬߣ๭߱ߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆ‫ޕ‬15) ో࿖౒ห೑↪㧦ᐔᚑ 22 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄߩᧄᩰ⊛ߥ౒ห೑↪㐿ᆎࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ޿ࠆ߇‫࠻࠶ࡀࠣࡑߦߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬㐿⊒ߩㅴ᝞⁁ᴫߦᔕߓߡㇱಽ⊛ߥ೑↪ࠍᆎ߼ࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㛎ࠨࠗ࠻ߪ 3 ࠞᚲ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ቢᚑဳߢߪߘࠇߙࠇߦ‫ޔ‬100 ࠹ࠬ࡜ࡕ࡯࠼‫ޔ‬60 ࠹ࠬ࡜ࡕ࡯࠼‫ޔ‬40 ࠹ࠬ࡜ࡕ࡯࠼ࠍ⸳⟎ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬100 ࠹ࠬ࡜ࡕ࡯࠼ߪ‫࡯ࠨࡦ࠺ࡦࠦޔ‬㔚Ḯߣ⚵ߺวࠊߖߚࡑ࡞࠴ࡄ࡞ࠬᣇ
ᑼߦࠃࠆࡄ࡞ࠬ⏛႐ࠍ‫ޔ‬60 ࠹ࠬ࡜ࡕ࡯࠼ߢߪࡈ࡜࠶࠻࠻࠶ࡊࠍ 0.5 ⑽⒟ᐲᜬߟ 1 ⑽ࡄ࡞ࠬ⏛႐ࠍ‫ ߡߒߘޔ‬40 ࠹ࠬ࡜ࡕ࡯
࠼ߢߪࡈ࡜࠶࠻࠻࠶ࡊᤨ㑆߇ 10 ⑽ߦߥࠆࡑࠣࡀ࠶࠻ࠍ⸳⟎ߒߡ᭽‫ߥޘ‬᷹ቯߦኻᔕߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ࡈ࡜ࠗࡎࠗ࡯࡞⊒㔚ᯏࠍ↪޿ߚᡆૃ⽶⩄߳ߩㅢ㔚ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ‫޿⿒ޕ‬✢ߪ⇇⏛ࠦࠗ࡞߳ߩ㔚࿶ᜰ઎ᵄᒻߢ‫⊒ࠅࠃߦࠇߎޔ‬㔚߇ⴕࠊࠇ㕍✢ߩࠃ߁ߥ㔚ᵹ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ‫ ⚂ߢࡦ࡯࠲ࡄߩߎޕ‬0.4 ⑽ߩࡈ࡜࠶࠻
࠻࠶ࡊ߇ታ⃻ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

4ࡄ‫ݪ‬৒̺ͤ͢!

ష୼ࡄ‫ݪ‬৒!
!
!

૧໤ৗ‫ݪࡄڠش‬໐࿝! ! ష୼! ૾!
ˍȅ͉̲͛ͅ!
 ⑳߇‛ᕈ⎇ߦ⌕છߒߡ 11 ᐕ߇⚻ㆊߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᡷ߼ߡ᦬ᣣߩ⚻ߟᣧߐࠍᕁ޿⍮ࠆ߇‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥቶߛࠃࠅࠍᦠߊࠃ߁ߦߣ޿߁ଐ㗬ࠍฃߌߚߩࠍ⦟޿ᯏળߦ‫ޔ‬ਥߣߒߡ‛ᕈ⎇߇ᨰߦ⒖ォߒߡᓟߩ⎇ⓥቶߩᵴേࠍᝄࠅ㄰ߞߡߺߚ޿‫ޕ‬ᕁ޿㄰ߔߣ‫ߤ߁ࠂߜޔ‬30 ᐕ೨ߦᄢቇ㒮↢ߣߒߡ‛ᕈ⎇࡮቟ጟ⎇ⓥቶߦ౉㐷ߒߡએ᧪ߕߞߣ NMR㧔ᩭ⏛᳇౒㡆㧕ߩታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߡ߈ߚ‫ᦼᤨ৻ޕ‬ઁߩታ㛎ᚻᲑߦ߽⠌ᾫߔࠆߎߣࠍ⠨߃ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ታ⃻ߒߥ޿߹߹⃻࿷ߦ⥋ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫߽ߢ੹ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᣂߒ޿࠹࡯ࡑߦะ߆߁ᐲߦ
NMR ߩ㝯ജࠍౣ⊒⷗ߔࠆ‫ߩ߈⸃⻘ޔ߫߃޿ߢ⸒৻ߪࠇߘޕ‬㕙⊕ߐߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠈ߁߆‫ޕ‬
NMR ߦ㒢ࠄߕ‫ߦ⥸৻ޔ‬ಽశቇ⊛ታ㛎ᚻᴺߦ߅޿ߡߪ‫ޔ‬ኻ⽎‛⾰ߦೝỗࠍਈ߃ߡߘߩᔕ╵ࠍ๟ᵄᢙ‫ޔ‬ᚗ޿ߪᤨ㑆ߩ㑐ᢙߣߒߡ᷹ⷰߔࠆ‫ⷰޕ‬᷹㊂߇නߥࠆ৻ߟߩᐔဋ୯ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬๟ᵄᢙⓨ㑆ߦ߅ߌࠆಽᏓࠍᜬߞߚ᭴ㅧߣߒߡᓧࠄࠇࠆὐ߇‫ޔ‬ಽశታ㛎ߩ㝯ജߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ೝỗߩਈ߃ᣇߦߪᄙ᭽ᕈ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ታ㛎ኅ߇Ꮏᄦࠍಝࠄߔ૛࿾߇↢߹ࠇࠆ㧔NMR ߢߪේሶᩭ߿ࡄ࡞ࠬ᧦
ઙߩㆬ߮ᣇߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ㧕‫ޔߦᦝޕ‬NMR ߦ․᦭ߩ೑ὐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬Ԙ⚿᥏න૏⢩ౝߩ⇣ߥࠆේሶ߿ࠨࠗ࠻ߩᝄࠆ⥰޿ࠍಽ㔌ߒߡ᷹ⷰߢ߈ࠆߎߣ㧔ේሶࠨࠗ࠻ㆬᛯᕈ㧕‫ޔ‬ԙ⏛᳇ࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߣ㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ࠍ૬ߖᜬߟේሶᩭߪ‫⏛ޔ‬᳇⊛࡮㔚᳇⊛⿥ᓸ⚦⋧੕૞↪ࠍㅢߓߡ‫ޔ‬๟࿐ߩ㔚ሶߩࠬࡇࡦ߿゠㆏⏛᳇ࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߦ↱᧪ߔࠆ⏛᳇⊛ᕈ⾰ߩߺߥࠄߕ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶߩ㔚⩄ಽᏓ߿⚿᥏ߩዪᚲ⊛᭴ㅧ‫ޔ‬ᩰሶᝄേࠍ߽฽߻ᱴߤ޽ࠅߣ޽ࠄࠁࠆ‛ᕈߦኻߔࠆࡒࠢࡠߥࡊࡠ࡯ࡉߣߥࠆ‫ޔ‬Ԛ౒㡆ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ߦ⃻ࠇࠆ㕒⊛ߥᖱႎߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᩭ⏛᳇✭๺ᤨ㑆㧔T1, T2㧕ߩ᷹ቯ߆ࠄ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬࠍ⍮ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ὐࠍ޽ߍࠆ੐߇಴᧪ࠆ‫ޕ‬ NMR ߩ㕙⊕ߐߪ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥኻ⽎ߣߒߡㆬࠎߛ‛⾰ߦߟ޿ߡ᣿⏕ߥᖱႎࠍᓧࠆߚ߼ߦ‫ࠄࠇߎޔ‬ᄙᓀߥ․ᓽࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ↢߆ߒߡታ㛎ࠍ⚵ߺ┙ߡࠆ߆ߣ޿߁⸘↹ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬߣ‫ޔ‬ᓧࠄࠇߚ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ⢛ᓟߦ޽ࠆ‛ℂ⃻⽎ࠍ⸃߈᣿߆ߔ⻘⸃߈ߩࡊࡠ࠮ࠬ
ߦ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅ‫ޔ‬ᨰߢⴕߞߡ߈ߚ⎇ⓥ⚿ᨐߩᐞߟ߆ࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆ߇‫ޔ‬NMR ⎇ⓥߩ㝯ജߩ৻┵߇⺒⠪ߦવࠊࠇ߫ᐘߖߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਅ⴫ߦ‫⎇ߩߢ߹੹ޔ‬ⓥቶߦ࿷☋ߒߚࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߩ᳁ฬߣ࿷☋ᦼ㑆ࠍ⸥ߔ㧔ࠞ࠶ࠦౝߪ⃻ᚲዻవ㧕‫ߚ߹ޕ‬એਅߦ⚫੺ߔࠆߘࠇ
ߙࠇߩ࠹࡯ࡑࠍᜂᒰߒߚᣇߩฬ೨ࠍᧄᢥਛߦࠞ࠶ࠦߢ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ˎȅέρΑΠτȜΠ̱̹ၾঊΑάϋࠏ!
 ࠬࡇࡦ࡮ࠪࡦࠣ࡟࠶࠻ࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ 2 ㊂૕߇⚿᥏ᩰሶ਄ߦਗࠎߛ♽ߦ‫⏛ޔ‬႐߿࿶ജࠍ߆ߌߡ⺃⿠ߐࠇࠆ㊂ሶ⋧ォ⒖߇ㄭᐕ
⥝๧ࠍ๭ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫⏛ޕ‬႐ਛߢߪ 2 ㊂૕ߩ࠻࡝ࡊ࡟࠶࠻ബ⿠ሶ㧔ࡑࠣࡁࡦ㧕ߪ࠯࡯ࡑࡦಽⵚࠍ⿠ߎߒ‫⏛ޔ‬႐ᣇะߦಽᭂߒߚ

⃻࿷߹ߢߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯

5ಽጘߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࡮ࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ߇⏛႐ߣ౒ߦᷫዋߔࠆ‫⏛ޕ‬႐ߪࡑࠣࡁࡦߦኻߔࠆൻቇࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߣߒߡ௛߈‫⏛⇇⥃ࠆ޽ޔ‬႐એ਄ߢബ⿠ࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ߇ᶖᄬߔࠆߣ‫᦭ޔ‬㒢ߩ⏛ൻ㧔㧩ࡑࠣࡁࡦኒᐲ㧕߇⃻ࠇࠆߣหᤨߦࡑࠣࡁࡦߩࡏ࡯࠭ಝ❗߇⿠ߎࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇߪరߩࠬࡇࡦ♽ߩ⸒⪲ߢߪ‫⏛ޔ‬႐ߦု⋥ߥ㕙ౝߢ࿁ォኻ⒓ᕈ߇⎕ࠇߚ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ⒎ᐨ⋧ߦኻᔕߔࠆ‫⃻ߒ߆ߒޕ‬ታߩ⚿᥏ߢߪ‫⇣ޔ‬ᣇ⊛ߥ⋧੕૞↪ߦࠃߞߡᆎ߼߆ࠄࠬࡇࡦߩ࿁ォኻ⒓ᕈ߇ᶖᄬߒ‫࠭࡯ࡏޔ‬ಝ❗ߩ᭎ᔨ߇෩ኒߦߪᚑ┙ߒߥ޿႐ว߽
ᄙ޿‫ߚ߹ޕ‬࿶ജࠍශടߒߚ႐ว߽‫ޔ‬2 ㊂૕㑆⋧੕૞↪ߩჇടߦ઻޿ࡑࠣࡁࡦߩࡃࡦ࠼᏷߇Ⴧᄢߒ‫߇ࡊ࠶ࡖࠡߡ߇߿ޔ‬ᶖᄬߔࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠆ‫ߦ♽ߥ߁ࠃߩߎߦᦝޕ‬ᒝ޿⏛႐ࠍ߆ߌߡ⏛ൻࠍ㘻๺ߐߖࠆㆊ⒟ߢ‫ޔ‬ᣂᄸߥ⒎ᐨ⋧ߩ಴⃻߇ᦼᓙߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬․ߦࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࠻ߒߚᩰሶ਄ߢߪࡑࠣࡁࡦߩㆇേࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߇ᛥ೙ߐࠇ‫࠻࠶࡟ࡊ࡝࠻ޔ‬㑆ߩ෻⊒ജߩߚ߼ߦࡑࠣࡁࡦ߇
ዪ࿷ൻߒ⿥ᩰሶ߇ᒻᚑߐࠇࠆ႐ว߇޽ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬㔚ሶ♽ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠙ࠖࠣ࠽࡯⚿᥏‫ޔ‬ᚗ޿ߪ㔚⩄⒎ᐨߦૃߚ⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ࠬࡇࡦ♽ߩ႐วߪ⏛ൻࡊ࡜࠻࡯ߣߒߡ᷹ⷰߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⚿᥏ߩ๟ᦼᕈࠍ⎕ࠆࠬࡇࡦ⿥ᩰሶࠍ઻߁⏛ൻࡊ࡜࠻࡯ߩታ଀ߪ‫ޔ‬ߏߊ௖߆ߒ߆⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫᦭߽ᦨޕ‬ฬߥߩߪ SrCu2(BO3)2 ߢ‫ޔ‬㘻๺⏛ൻߩ 1/8, 1/4, 1/3 ߦ߅޿ߡ⏛ൻࡊ࡜࠻࡯ࠍ␜ߔ[1]㧔࿑ 1㧕‫ޕ‬ߎߩ‛⾰ߪ‛ᕈ⎇࡮਄↰ኡ⎇ߩഥᚻߢ޽ߞߚ㒶ጊᵗ᳁㧔⃻੩ᄢ㧕ࠍਛᔃߣߒߡㆊ෰ 10 ᐕߩ㑆‫ޔ‬ᵴ⊒ߥ⎇ⓥ߇⛯ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
2002 ᐕߦ⑳ߪᒰᤨߩ᮸␹ഥᚻ㧔⃻ේሶജᯏ᭴㧕ߣ৻✜ߦࠣ࡞ࡁ࡯ࡉ࡞ᒝ⏛႐ᣉ⸳ߦߡ㌃ࠨࠗ࠻ߩ NMR ࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬1/8 ࡊ࡜࠻࡯㗔ၞߩ 27.6 ࠹ࠬ࡜ߩ⏛႐ߦ߅޿ߡᏂᄢߥන૏⢩ࠍᜬߟࠬࡇࡦ⿥
᭴ㅧࠍᬌ⸽ߒߚ[2]‫ ߪ✲⚻ߩߎޕ‬2002 ᐕ 11 ᦬ߩ‛ᕈ⎇ߛࠃࠅ
㧔42 Ꮞ╙ 4 ภ㧕ߦ⹦ㅀߒߚߩߢ‫ߩߘߪߢߎߎޔ‬ᓟߩ⊒ዷߦߟ޿ߡ◲නߦㅀߴࠆ‫ޕ‬
 2006 ᐕߦ 1/8 ࡊ࡜࠻࡯ࠍ⿧߃ࠆ 31 ࠹ࠬ࡜߹ߢߩቯᏱ⏛႐ਅߢࡎ࠙⚛ࠨࠗ࠻ߩ NMR ᷹ቯࠍⴕߞߚߣߎࠈ㧔᧻ේା৻㧕‫ޔ‬1/8 ࡊ࡜࠻࡯⋧ߣ߶߷ห⒟ᐲߩᐢ߇ࠅࠍᜬߟౝㇱ⏛႐ಽᏓ߇᷹ⷰߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ࡊ࡜࠻࡯ߩ㑆ߩਛ㑆⋧ߢ߽࠻࡝ࡊ࡟࠶࠻߇ዪ࿷ߒߚࠬࡇࡦ⿥᭴ㅧ
߇ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ[3]‫੹ߦᦝޕ‬ᐕߦߥߞߡ‫ޔ‬34 ࠹ࠬ࡜߹ߢߩ NMR ᷹ቯ㧔๺᳇೰㧕ߣ 32 ࠹ࠬ࡜߹ߢߩ⏛ൻ࡮࠻࡞ࠢ

࿑ 1 ਄䋺SrCu2(BO3)2 䈱⚿᥏᭴ㅧ䈫⋥੤䉻䉟䊙䊷ᮨဳ䇯ਅ䋺⏛႐䉕䌣ゲ䈮䈎䈔䈢䈫䈐䈱⏛ൻᦛ✢ [1] 䈫 1/8䇮1/4 䊒䊤䊃䊷䈮䈍䈔䉎䉴䊏䊮⿥᭴ㅧ䇯ᬦ౞䈲䉷䊨ὐᝄേ䈮䉋䉍 3 ୘䈱䉻䉟䊙䊷䈮ᐢ䈏䈦䈢䊃䊥䊒䊧䉾䊃⁁ᘒ䉕␜䈜䇯᷹ቯ[4]ࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬1/4 ࡊ࡜࠻࡯⋧ߦ⥋ࠆ⏛᳇⋧࿑ߩో⽩߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦ
ߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬࿑ 2(a)ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬1/8 ࡊ࡜࠻࡯ߣ 1/4 ࡊ࡜࠻࡯ߩ㑆ߦੑߟߩᣂߒ޿ࡊ࡜࠻࡯⋧㧔ᕟࠄߊ 2/15 ߣ 1/6㧫㧕ࠍ฽߻྾ߟߩ⇣ߥࠆ⋧߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߣ޿߁੍ᗐᄖߩ⚿ᨐߢ޽ߞߚ‫⏛ߣ⋧࡯࠻࡜ࡊޕ‬ൻ߇ㅪ⛯⊛ߦᄌࠊࠆਛ㑆⋧ߪ⏛ൻᦛ✢ࠍ⷗ࠇ

࿑ 2 (a) SrCu2(BO3)2 ߦ߅ߌࠆ㜞⏛႐⏛᳇⋧࿑‫(ޕ‬b) 2.4GPa ߩ࿶ജਅ‫ޔ‬7T ߩ⏛႐ਅߢ᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ NMR ౒㡆✢ߩಽⵚ‫(ޕ‬c) NMR ߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄផቯߐࠇߚ㜞࿶ߦ߅ߌࠆᣂߒ޿ VBS ⒎ᐨ⋧ߩᮨᑼ࿑‫⋥ޕ‬੤ߔࠆ 2 ⒳㘃ߩ࠳ࠗࡑ࡯೽ᩰሶ߇᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖ߦࠃߞߡ㕖╬ଔߣߥࠅ‫ᦝޔ‬ߦߘࠇߙࠇߩ೽ᩰሶਛߢ‫ޔ‬౞ߢ࿐ࠎߛࠡࡖ࠶ࡊߩዊߐ޿⏛᳇⊛࠳ࠗࡑ࡯ߣࠡࡖ࠶ࡊߩᄢ߈޿㕖⏛ᕈ࠳ࠗࡑ࡯߇⿥๟ᦼ᭴ㅧࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ਛߩ⸥ภߪ㕖╬ଔߥࡎ࠙⚛ࠨࠗ࠻ߣ‫(ޔ‬b)࿑ߩಽⵚߒߚ౒㡆✢ߩኻᔕ㑐ଥࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬

6߫඙೎ߢ߈ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬NMR ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞਄ߢ߽‫ޔ‬ᄙᢙߩࠪࡖ࡯ࡊߥ౒㡆✢߇ಽ㔌ߒߡ޿ࠆࡊ࡜࠻࡯⋧ߣ‫ޔ‬ㅪ⛯⊛ߥࡃ࠶ࠢࠣ࡜
࠙ࡦ࠼ߩ਄ߦࡉࡠ࡯࠼ߥࡇ࡯ࠢ߇㊀ߥߞߡ޿ࠆਛ㑆⋧ߪ‫ޔ‬ቯᕈ⊛ߦ᣿⍎ߦ඙೎ߐࠇࠆ‫⏛ޕ‬ൻ߇ㅪ⛯⊛ߦᄌൻߔࠆߦ᜔߽ࠊ
ࠄߕࠬࡇࡦ⿥᭴ㅧ߇ሽ⛯ߒߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᘒߪ‫ߩ࠻࠶࡟ࡊ࡝࠻ޔ‬࿕૕ᚑಽߣࡏ࡯࠭ಝ❗ᚑಽ߇౒ሽߒߡ޿ࠆ⿥࿕૕⋧ߢߪߥ޿߆
ߣ޿߁ᦼᓙࠍᛴ߆ߖࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬એ೨ߩ NMR ߩ⚿ᨐ[5]߆ࠄ‫࡯ࡑࠗ࠳ޔ‬ౝߩࠬࡇࡦ㑆ߦߪࠫࡖࡠࠪࡦࠬࠠ࡯࡮቞
⼱⋧੕૞↪߇௛߈‫ޔ‬c 㕙ౝߩࠬࡇࡦߩ╬ᣇᕈ߇⎕ࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߡ޿ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬෩ኒߥᗧ๧ߢߩࡏ࡯࠭ಝ❗ߪ⿠ߎࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬㜞⏛႐⋧ࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆ਄ߢ߽ DM ⋧੕૞↪ߩᓇ㗀ߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩታ㛎ߢ‫ޔ‬㊂ሶࡎ࡯࡞ലᨐߦ߽ૃ
ߚ♖✺ߥ⋧࿑߇ࠬࡇࡦ♽ߦ߅޿ߡ⷗಴ߐࠇߚߎߣߢ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟℂ⺰⊛ߥ⸃᣿߇৻Ბߣㅴ߻ߎߣ߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ৻ᣇ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫߇⾰‛ߩߎߪޘ‬࿶ജਅߦ߅޿ߡ߽ਇᕁ⼏ߥ⏛᳇⋧ォ⒖ࠍ␜ߔߎߣࠍ⷗಴ߒߚ㧔๺᳇೰㧕[6]‫ޕ‬0.3GPa એ਄ߩ࿶ജਅ‫ޔ‬c ゲᣇะߩ⏛႐ਅߢࡎ࠙⚛ᩭߩ NMR ࠍⴕ߁ߣ‫ ⚂ޔ‬30K ࠃࠅૐ᷷ߢ౒㡆✢߇ᓢ‫ߦޘ‬ಽⵚߔࠆ‫⏛ߩ࡞࠻ࠢࡍࠬޕ‬႐ᣇะଐሽᕈ߆ࠄ‫ߩߎޔ‬ಽⵚߩේ࿃ߪ⋥੤ߔࠆੑߟߩ࠳ࠗࡑ࡯೽ᩰሶ߇㕖╬ଔߦߥߞߚߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧔࿶ജ
ਅߩ X ✢㧔‛ᕈ⎇࡮ጊᶆᷕ৻᳁㧕ߢ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦ 4 ࿁ኻ⒓ᕈ߇ᶖᄬߔࠆ᭴ㅧᄌൻ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕ߣߎࠈ߇࿑ 2(b)ߦ␜ߒ
ߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬2GPa એ਄ߩ㜞࿶ߢߪᦝߦ 4K એਅߢోߡߩ౒㡆✢߇ಽⵚߒ‫ޔ‬ૐ᷷ߢߪࠪࡈ࠻߇ᱴߤ࠯ࡠߩࠪࡖ࡯ࡊߥ౒㡆✢㧔࿑ 2(b)ߢ B1s-B4s ߣฬߠߌߚ࡜ࠗࡦ㧕ߣ᦭㒢ߩࠪࡈ࠻ࠍᜬߟࡉࡠ࡯࠼ߥ౒㡆✢㧔࿑ 2(b)ߩ B1b-B4b㧕߇⃻ࠇࠆ‫ࠇߎޕ‬ߪ⚐☴ߦ⏛᳇⊛ߥ 2 ᰴ⋧ォ⒖ߢ‫ޔ‬2 ߟߩ࠳ࠗࡑ࡯೽ᩰሶߩߘࠇߙࠇ߇ 2 ୚๟ᦼߩ⿥᭴ㅧࠍᒻᚑߔࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߒޕ‬߆ߒૐ⏛႐ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ਔᣇߩ౒㡆✢ߣ߽ૐ᷷ߢ࠯ࡠࠪࡈ࠻ߦㄭߠߊߩߢ‫⏛⊒⥄ޔ‬ൻߪሽ࿷ߒߥ޿ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡߎߩ⒎ᐨ
⋧ߪ࿑ 2(c)ߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޔ‬೽ᩰሶ਄ߦࠡࡖ࠶ࡊߩ⇣ߥࠆ 2 ⒳㘃ߩ࠳ࠗࡑ࡯߇⥄⊒⊛ߦᒻᚑߐࠇߚ⁁ᘒߢ‫࠳ޔ‬ࠗࡑ࡯ౝࠬࡇࡦ⋧㑐ߩ෻ᒝᚑಽ߇⒎ᐨࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߢ޽ࠆߣផቯߐࠇࠆ‫৻ߪࠇߎޕ‬⒳ߩ Valence-Bond-Solid(VBS) ⒎ᐨߣ
⠨߃ࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ߘ߁ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬⒎ᐨߪ੹߹ߢ଀߇ߥߊ‫ߥࡠࠢࡒޔ‬ᯏ᭴ߩ⸃᣿߇ᓙߚࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ࠬࡇࡦ 1/2 ࠍ໑৻ߩ⥄↱ᐲߣߔࠆන⚐ߥ♽ߢ޽ࠅߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬10 ᐕࠍ⚻ߡߥ߅ᣂᄸߥ㊂ሶ⃻⽎߇ዧ߈ߥ޿ߎߩ‛⾰ߪ‫ޔ‬㊂
ሶࠬࡇࡦ♽ߩਛߢ߽⒘᦭ߩ‛⾰ߣ⸒ߞߡࠃ޿ߛࠈ߁‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ߽߹ߛᭉߒ߼ߘ߁ߥ‛⾰ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ˏȅΩͼυ·υͺ߿ͺσ΃ςȆ΂Αη;θॸ‫ا‬໤̤̫ͥͅρΛΠςϋΈ͈۷௶!
 ⿥વዉߩ⹤㗴ߦ⒖ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬1987 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1994 ᐕߦ߆ߌߡ⑳ߪ߽ߞ߬ࠄ㌃㉄ൻ‛⿥વዉ૕ߩታ㛎ߦ៤ࠊߞߡ޿ߚ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟ⥝๧߇ਥߦࠬࡇࡦ♽ߦ⒖ߞߡ޿ߞߚ‫߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬ㄭᐕ‛ᕈ⎇ߩᑝ੗⎇ⓥቶߢࡄ
ࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕᩰሶ਄ߩᣂߒ޿⿥વዉ㉄ൻ‛߇⊒⷗ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ౣ߮⿥વዉߦ㑐ࠊࠆᯏળࠍᓧߚ‫ޕ‬A2B2O7 ߩ⚵ᚑᑼࠍᜬߟࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕൻว‛ߩਛߢߪࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯
࡚ࠪࡦߩᒝ޿⏛ᕈ૕߇ᄙᢙ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇‫⿥ޔ‬વዉ૕ߪ㐳޿㑆⷗ߟ߆ߞߡ޿ߥ
߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧔หߓࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕᩰሶࠍ฽߻ࠬࡇࡀ࡞ൻว‛ߢߪ LiTi2O4 ߣ޿߁⿥વዉ૕߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧕ߣߎࠈ߇ 2001 ᐕߦ Cd2Re2O7 ߇ォ⒖᷷ᐲ 1K ߩ⿥વዉ૕ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇‫ޔ‬ᑝ੗⎇㧔⧎ベ᳁ࠄ㧕ߣ੩ᄢߩศ᧛⎇ߢหᤨߦ⁛┙ߦ⊒⷗ߐࠇߚ[7]‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ߪޘ‬㧔Oleg Vyaselev‫ޔ‬ᣂ੗ᶈ৻‫ޔ‬ዊᨋਥᓕ㧕ᑝ੗⎇ߢวᚑߐࠇߚ
න⚿᥏ࠍ↪޿ߡ‫ޔ‬Cd ࠨࠗ࠻ߩ NMR ߿ Re ࠨࠗ࠻ߩ࠯ࡠ⏛႐ਅ NQR㧔ᩭ྾㊀ᭂ౒㡆㧕ࠍⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬Re ࠨࠗ࠻ߩᩭ⏛᳇✭๺₸ߪ‫⿥ޔ‬વዉォ⒖᷷ᐲ⋥ਅߢᏂᄢߥࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬࡇ࡯ࠢࠍ‫ޔ‬ૐ᷷ߢߪᵴᕈൻဳ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈࠍ␜ߒ‫ߥ⊛ဳౖޔ‬ᒙ⚿ว BCS ⿥વዉ૕ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ[8]‫⿥ޕ‬વዉߦ㑐ߔࠆ⥝๧ߪ⭯ࠇߚ߇‫ޔ‬200K ߣ 120K ߢ⿠߈ࠆㅙᰴ᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖ߣ㔚ሶ‛ᕈߩ㑐ㅪ߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇߚ‫ࠇߎޕ‬ߦ㑐ߒߡ߽‫ޔ‬NMR/NQR ߢ᷹ⷰߐࠇߚࠨࠗ࠻ኻ⒓ᕈߩૐਅ߆ࠄฦ⋧ߩน⢻ߥⓨ㑆⟲߇⛉ࠅㄟ߹ࠇ‫ޔ‬ᓟߩ᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆࠍㅴ߼ࠆ਄ߢߩᜰ㊎ߣߥߞߚ[8,9]‫߆ߒޕ‬ߒ‫ޔ‬෻ォኻ⒓ᕈߩ௖߆ߥ⎕ࠇࠍ઻߁᭴ㅧ⋧ォ⒖߇‛ᕈߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥᓇ㗀ࠍ෸߷ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ߣ޿߁ὐߪ‫ߊ⦟ࠅ߹޽߽ߢ੹ޔ‬ಽ߆ߞߡ߅ࠄߕ‫੹ߛ߹ޔ‬ᓟߩㅴዷ߇
ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߘߩᓟ 2004 ᐕߦᑝ੗⎇㧔☨Ỉ᳁ࠄ㧕ߢ߹ߚᣂߒ޿⿥વዉ૕߇⊒⷗ߐࠇߚ[10]‫ߣဳࠕࡠࠢࡠࠗࡄ࡮࠲࡯ࡌޕ‬ฬߠߌࠄࠇߚ AOs2O6 (A=K, Rb, Cs)ߩ⚵ᚑᑼࠍᜬߟߎߩ♽ߪ‫ޔ‬ㅢᏱߩ 227 ⚵ᚑߩࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕൻว‛ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ㆫ⒖㊄

࿑ 3㩷 䊌䉟䊨䉪䊨䉝ᩰሶ䋨਄䋩䈫 AOs2O6 䈱⚿᥏᭴ㅧ䋨ਅ䋩䇯

7ዻࠨࠗ࠻߇ᒻᚑߔࠆࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕ೽ᩰሶࠍ଻ᜬߒ‫ࠕࡠࠢࡠࠗࡄߩߟ৻߁߽ޔ‬೽ᩰሶߩᱜ྾㕙૕ߩਛᔃࠍࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝ࠗࠝࡦߢ
⟎߈឵߃ߚ᭴ㅧࠍᜬߟ ࿑ 3 ‫࡝ࠞ࡞ࠕޕ‬ర⚛ߦࠃߞߡォ⒖᷷ᐲ߇ 9K(K), 6K(Rb)㧘3K(Cs)ߣᄢ߈ߊᄌൻߒ‫߽ᦨޔ‬㜞޿ Tc
ࠍ߽ߟ K ൻว‛ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬Ყᾲ߿㔚᳇ᛶ᛫ߩ⇣Ᏹߥᝄࠆ⥰޿߇᷹ⷰߐࠇߚߎߣ߆ࠄ‫⿥ޔ‬વዉ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩᄢ߈ߥ⥝๧ࠍᒁ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫߽ޘ‬㧔ᣂ੗ᶈ৻‫ޔ‬ศ↰⺈㧕⿥વዉߩ⊒⷗⋥ᓟ߆ࠄ KOs2O6 ߣ RbOs2O6 ߦߟ޿ߡ‫࡝ࠞ࡞ࠕޔ‬ේሶࠨࠗ࠻ߩ NMR ࠍ㐿ᆎߒߚ‫ޕ‬࿑ 4(a)(b)ߦ KOs2O6 ߦ߅ߌࠆ 39K ᩭߩᩭ⏛᳇✭๺₸㧔1/T1㧕ࠍ᷷ᐲߢഀߞߚ㊂ࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬㊄ዻߦ߅ߌࠆᩭ⏛᳇✭๺ᯏ᭴ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ㅢᏱࠬࡇࡦ෻ォࠍ઻߁વዉ㔚ሶߩᢔੂ㧔ࠦ࡝ࡦࠟㆊ⒟㧕߇ᡰ㈩⊛ߢ‫ޔ‬1/(T1T)ߪ᷷ᐲߦࠃࠄߕ৻ቯߣߥࠆ‫ߒޕ‬߆ߒታ㛎࠺࡯࠲ߪ㧔⹜ᢱଐሽᕈ߇޽ࠆ߽ߩߩ㧕ߎࠇߣߪ⇣ߥࠅ‫ޔ‬᷷ᐲࠍਅߍࠆߣ 1/(T1T)߇Ⴧᄢߒ‫ޔ‬13K ઃㄭߢࡉࡠ࡯࠼
ߥࡇ࡯ࠢࠍ␜ߒߚᓟߦ✭߿߆ߥᷫዋߦォߓ‫⿥ߦᦝޔ‬વዉォ⒖᷷ᐲએਅߢᕆỗߦᷫዋߔࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬87Rb ᩭߢߪߎߩࠃ߁ߥ
⇣Ᏹߪ⷗ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫⏛ޕ‬ൻ₸߇߶߷᷷ᐲߦଐሽߒߥ޿ࡄ࠙࡝Ᏹ⏛ᕈࠍ␜ߔߦ᜔߽ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬1/(T1T)߇ૐ᷷ߢჇᄢߔࠆߎ
ߣߪ‫ߦ⥸৻ޔ‬ૐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ⊛ࠬࡇࡦំࠄ߉ߩ⊒㆐ࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ‫ ߚ߹ޕ‬13K એਅߩᷫዋߪ‫ޔ‬㌃㉄ൻ‛㜞᷷⿥વዉ૕ߩࠕࡦ࠳࡯࠼࡯ࡊ㗔ၞߢ⷗ࠄࠇߚᡆࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ⃻⽎ߣ㉃ૃߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ߥ⇣․ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔߪޘ‬෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ⊛ࠬࡇࡦំࠄ߉
߇ᦨ㜞ߩ Tc ࠍ␜ߔ K ൻว‛ߢߩߺ᷹ⷰߐࠇߚߎߣࠍᒝ⺞ߒߡ⺰ᢥࠍᛩⓂߒߚ‫ޕ‬2 ੱߩ࡟ࡈࠚ࡝࡯߆ࠄߪ޿ߕࠇ߽ᅢᗧ⊛ߥࠦࡔࡦ࠻߇ㅍࠄࠇ‫ޔ‬ᄙዋᚻ⋥ߒࠍߒߡౣᛩⓂߔࠇ߫಴ ߐࠇࠆߪߕߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩ⑳߇ࠈߎߣޕ‬ᖡ޿≻ߢ‫ޔ‬ᡷ⸓ࠍߐ߷ߞߡ
⺰ᢥࠍᥳߊ᡼⟎ߒߡ޿ࠆ߁ߜߦ⁁ᴫ߇ᄌࠊߞߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩ‛⾰ߢߪ‫߇⚛㉄ߣࡓ࠙ࡒࠬࠝޔ‬૞ࠆ☜⁁ߩᐢ޿ⓨ㑆ߩਛᔃߦࠕ࡞ࠞ࡝ࠗࠝࡦ߇Ყセ⊛ቅ┙ߒߡሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬㗃‫ޔ‬หߓࠃ߁ߥ☜⁁᭴ㅧࠍᜬߟઁߩ‛⾰ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ߣࠣࡦ࡝࠻࠶࡜ޔ‬๭߫ࠇࠆ☜ਛේሶߩ㕖⺞๺ᝄേ߇᷹ⷰߐࠇ‫⇣ޔ‬Ᏹߥᾲ⊛࡮ᒢᕈ⊛ᕈ⾰ߩේ࿃ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ߈ߚ‫ߩࡦࠝࠗ࡝ࠞ࡞ࠕޔ߽ߡ޿߅ߦ♽ࠕࡠࠢࡠࠗࡄ࡮࠲࡯ࡌߡߒߘޕ‬࡜࠶࠻࡝ࡦࠣߩน⢻ᕈ߇ᜰ៰ߐࠇᆎ߼ߡ߈ߚ‫ޔߦ⥸৻ޕ‬ᩰሶᝄേߪේሶᩭ૏⟎ߩ㔚႐൨㈩ߦᤨ㑆⊛ߥᄌ⺞ࠍട߃ࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂ⋧੕૞↪ࠍㅢߓߡᩭ⏛᳇✭๺ߩේ࿃ߣߥࠅᓧࠆ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㊄ዻߢߪ޿ߕࠇ߽⏛᳇⊛ߥ✭๺ᯏ᭴߇࿶ୟ⊛ߦఝ൓ߢ‫✭ࠆࠃߦࡦࡁࠜࡈޔ‬๺ߩ᷹ⷰ଀ߪ‫✭ߦઁޔ‬๺ߩේ࿃ߣߥࠆ߽ߩ߇ߥ޿㕖⏛ᕈ⛘✼૕ࠗࠝࡦ⚿᥏ߦ㒢ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫߽ޘ‬ᒰೋߪࡈࠜࡁࡦߦࠃࠆᩭ⏛᳇✭๺ߥߤ⠨߃߽ߒߥ߆ߞߚߩߛ߇‫ࠇߐ⺰⼏߇ࠣࡦ࡝࠻࠶࡜ޔ‬ᆎ߼ࠆߦ෸ࠎߢ‫ޔ‬ᔨߩߚ߼✭๺ᯏ᭴ࠍታ㛎⊛ߦ⏕߆߼ߡ߅ߎ߁ߣ⠨߃ߚ‫ ߪߦࡓ࠙࡝ࠞޕ‬3/2 ߩᩭࠬࡇࡦࠍᜬߟੑߟߩห૏૕ 39K ߣ
41K ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬39K ߇ࠃࠅᄢ߈ߥ⏛᳇ࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ࠍᜬߟ߇‫ޔ‬㔚᳇྾㊀ᭂࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߪ 41K ߩᣇ߇ᄢ߈޿‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡਔ⠪ߩ 1/T1

ߩ୯ࠍᲧセߔࠇ߫‫✭ߩࠄߜߤޔ‬๺ᯏ᭴߇ᡰ㈩⊛ߥߩ߆ታ㛎⊛ߦ᳿ቯߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห૏૕Ყࠍ᷹ቯߒߡߺࠆߣ‫ޔ‬㛳޿ߚߎߣߦ᷹
ቯߒߚో᷷ᐲၞߢ߶߷ 100㧑ࡈࠜࡁࡦߦࠃࠆ✭๺ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ㧔࿑ 4(a)ߩᝌ౉࿑㧕‫⿥ޔߣࠆߔߣޕ‬વዉォ⒖᷷ᐲએਅߢ✭๺₸߇ᕆỗߦᷫዋߔࠆߩߪ‫⿥ޔ‬વዉߦࠃߞߡ㔚ሶബ⿠ߦࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ߇㐿޿ߚߚ߼ߢߪߥߊ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶᩰሶ⋧੕૞↪ࠍㅢߓߡࡈࠜࡁࡦߩേ⊛․ᕈ߇⿥વዉߦࠃࠅᄌൻߒߚߚ߼ߣ⠨߃ߥߊߡߪ޿ߌߥ޿‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ♽ߩࠬࡇࡦബ⿠ߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎߪ‫ࠍ☜ޔ‬ᒻᚑߔࠆࠝࠬࡒ࠙ࡓ߹ߚߪ㉄⚛ࠨࠗ࠻ߩ NMR ߦ෻ᤋߐࠇࠆߪߕߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙ߦ 17O ห૏૕ࠍ฽߻⹜ᢱߦኻߒ
㉄⚛ࠨࠗ࠻ߩ✭๺₸ࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬1/(T1T)ߪ Tc એ਄ߢ߶߷৻ቯߢૐ᷷ߢᕆỗߦᷫዋߒ‫ࠆߥ⇣ߊోߪߣ࠻ࠗࠨࡓ࠙࡝ࠞޔ‬᷷ᐲᄌൻ߇᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ㧔࿑ 4(c)㧕
‫߽߆ߒޕ‬ォ⒖᷷ᐲ⋥ਅߢߩᄌൻߪߥߛࠄ߆ߢ‫ޔ‬ㅢᏱߩ⿥વዉ૕ߢᦼᓙߐࠇࠆࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬ
ࡇ࡯ࠢ߇ᛥ೙ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗߃ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ේ࿃ߣߒߡߪ‫⿥ޔ‬વዉḰ☸ሶ߇࡜࠶࠻࡝ࡦࠣߦࠃࠆᒝ޿ᢔੂࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆߎߣ

࿑ 4 (a) KOs2O6 ߦ߅ߌࠆ 39K ᩭߩ 1/(T1T)ߩ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈ‫ޕ‬ᝌ౉࿑ߪ 39K ߣ 41K ߩ✭๺₸ߩห૏૕Ყ‫ޔ✢⿒ޕ‬㕍✢ߪߘࠇߙࠇ྾㊀ᭂࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߣ⏛᳇ࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻ߩੑਸ਼Ყࠍ⴫ߔ‫(ޕ‬b) หߓ࠺࡯࠲ߩૐ᷷ㇱಽߩ᜛ᄢ‫(ޕ‬c) KOs2O6 ߦ߅ߌࠆ㉄⚛ࠨࠗ࠻ߩ 1/(T1T)ߩ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈ‫ޕ‬⍫ශߪߘࠇߙࠇߩ⏛႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ⿥વዉォ⒖᷷ᐲࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬8߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޔߦ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬᷹ቯߔࠆᩭ⒳ߦࠃߞߡ‫⿥ߣࠬࠢࡒ࠽ࠗ࠳ߩࡦࡁࠜࡈޔ‬વዉࠍᜂ߁㔚ሶߩᝄࠆ⥰޿ࠍㆬᛯ⊛ߦ᷹ⷰߒߡ޿ߚߎߣߦߥࠆ‫࠻ࠗࠨޕ‬ㆬᛯᕈߣ޿߁ NMR ߩ೑ὐ߇↢߆ߐࠇߚᅢ଀ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㅢᏱࡈࠜࡁࡦߦࠃࠆᩭ⏛᳇✭๺ߪ‫ޔ‬2 ࡈࠜࡁࡦ࡮࡜ࡑࡦᢔੂࠍ઻߁ㆊ⒟߇ᡰ㈩⊛ߢ‫ޔ‬᷷ᐲߣ౒ߦන⺞ߦჇടߒ㜞᷷ߢ
T2 ߦᲧ଀ߔࠆ‫ࡓ࠙࡝ࠞߪߢޕ‬ᩭߢ᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ⇣Ᏹߥ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈߪߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⺑᣿ߢ߈ࠆ߆㧫ᚒ‫ߪޘ‬ૐ޿․ᕈ๟ᵄᢙߣ㕖⺞๺ᕈࠍ᦭ߔࠆ࡜࠶࠻࡝ࡦࠣߩ․ᓽߣߒߡ‫ߥࡊ࡯ࡖࠪޔ‬࿕᦭ࡕ࡯࠼߇ሽ࿷ߒߦߊߊ‫ޔ‬᷷ᐲ਄᣹ߦࠃߞߡᒝ޿࠳ࡦࡇࡦࠣࠍ
ฃߌࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨߃ߚ‫࡞࠻ࠢࡍࠬߩࡦࡁࠜࡈޕ‬᏷߇ᐢ߇ࠇ߫‫ޔ‬MHz 㗔ၞߦ޽ࠆ NMR ๟ᵄᢙߦ߅ߌࠆំࠄ߉ߩࠬ
ࡍࠢ࠻࡞ᒝᐲ߇⋥ធ✭๺₸ߦነਈߔࠆ㧔⋥ធㆊ⒟㧕ߣ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬᷷ᐲߣ౒ߦჇᄢߔࠆ࠳ࡦࡇࡦࠣࠍ઒ቯߒߡ✭๺₸ߩ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈࠍ⺑᣿ߒߚ‫⚿ޕ‬ዪ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߦ⺰ᢥࠍᛩⓂߒߡ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿⺰ᢥ߇಴ ߐࠇࠆ߹ߢߦ৻ᐕએ਄߇⚻ㆊߒߚ[11]‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒ߹ߛ⹤ߪ⚳ࠊࠅߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ޔߪߢࠝ࡝࠽ࠪߩޘ‬ૐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩ࡜࠶࠻࡝ࡦࠣࡕ࡯࠼ߪᏱ᷷ઃㄭߢㆊᷫ⴮ߩ
⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ਛᕈሶ߿࡜ࡑࡦᢔੂߩࡇ࡯ࠢߣߒߡߪ᷹ⷰߐࠇߥ޿ߣ੍ᗐߒߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟᑝ↰⎇߿ ILL ߢⴕࠊࠇߚਛᕈሶታ㛎ߢቅ┙ࠗࠝࡦࡕ࡯࠼ߣ߅߷ߒ߈㕖ᒢᕈࡇ࡯ࠢ߇᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ‫ޔߦᦝޕ‬೨‛ᕈ⎇ᚲ㐳ߩ਄↰๺ᄦ᳁߇ߎߩ
໧㗴ߦ⥝๧ࠍᜬߜ‫ޔ‬2007 ᐕߦቴຬᚲຬߣߒߡ‛ᕈ⎇ߦṛ࿷ߒߡ޿ߚ࠼ࠗ࠷ Tübingen ᄢߩ Thomas Dahm ᳁ߣ৻✜ߦ‫ޔ‬࡜࠶࠻࡝ࡦࠣߦࠃࠆᩭ⏛᳇✭๺₸ࠍℂ⺰⊛ߦ⠨ኤߒߚ‫ޕ‬Dahm਄↰ߪࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߩ㕖⺞๺ᕈߣ㔚ሶᩰሶ⋧੕૞↪ߦࠃࠆࡈࠜࡁࡦ๟ᵄᢙߩ➅ࠅㄟߺലᨐࠍขࠅ౉ࠇߚ◲නߥࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ↪޿ߡ‫ޔ‬2 ࡈࠜࡁࡦ࡮࡜ࡑࡦᢔੂߩ▸࿐ౝߢࠞ࡝࠙ࡓࠨࠗ
࠻ߩ✭๺₸ߩ⇣Ᏹߥ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈࠍౣ⃻ߔࠆߎߣߦᚑഞߒߚ[12]‫ޕ‬หߓࡕ࠺࡞ߢ㔚᳇ᛶ᛫₸ߩ᷷ᐲଐሽᕈ߽⥄ὼߦౣ⃻ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ࠍ⾰ᧄߩࠣࡦ࡝࠻࠶࡜ޔ‬ℂ⸃ߔࠆ਄ߢ᦭⋉ߥᣇะࠍ␜ߒߚℂ⺰ߢ޽ࠆߣᕁ߁‫⚿ޕ‬ዪ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫⷗ߪ㉼⸃ߩޘ‬ᒰ㆑޿ߢ޽ߞ
ߚࠊߌߛ߇‫ޔ‬ታ㛎ߣℂ⺰߇ኒធߦ⚿߮ߟ޿ߡᧄ⾰⊛ߥㅴዷ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢߪ⾆㊀ߥ૕㛎ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ːȅ̂ഩঊࠏ͈ఉޭঊಉ੬!
 Ꮧ࿯㘃࡮ࠕࠢ࠴࠽ࠗ࠼ߥߤߩ f 㔚ሶ♽ൻว‛ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ㅢᏱߩ⏛᳇⒎ᐨ㧔⏛᳇෺ᭂሶߩ⒎ᐨ㧕એᄖߩ㔚᳇྾ᭂሶ߿⏛᳇౎ᭂሶߥߤߩ㜞ᰴߩᄙ㊀ᭂࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻߇␜ߔ⒎ᐨ⁁ᘒ߇㊀ⷐߥ⎇ⓥ࠹࡯ࡑߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᄙᭂሶ߇╓ภࠍᄌ߃ߥ
߇ࠄਗࠎߛ෻ᒝ⒎ᐨ⁁ᘒߪ‫ޔ‬ታ㛎⊛ߥᬌ಴߇࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼ߦߒ߫ߒ߫‫ޟ‬㓝ࠇߚ⒎ᐨ‫ߣޠ‬๭߫ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬㔚᳇྾ᭂሶߪ d 㔚ሶ♽ߩ゠㆏⥄↱ᐲߦ㘃ૃߩ᭎ᔨߢ޽ࠆ߇‫゠ࡦࡇࠬޔ‬㆏⚿วߩᒝ޿ f 㔚ሶ♽ߦ߅޿ߡߪోⷺㆇേ㊂ J ߩ 2 ᰴᑼߣߒߡ⴫ߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ห᭽ߦ⏛᳇౎ᭂሶ‫ޔ‬㔚᳇ච౐ᭂሶߪ J ߩ 3 ᰴᑼ‫ޔ‬4 ᰴᑼߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ‫ࠃߩߎޕ‬߁ߥ㜞ᰴߩᄙᭂሶࠍ⋥ᗵ⊛ߦࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߔࠆߩߪ㔍ߒ޿߇‫ޔ‬ᄙዋ෩ኒߐࠍ‶†ߦߔࠇ߫‫⏛߫߃଀ޔ‬᳇ࡕ࡯ࡔࡦ࠻߇࠯ࡠߢ߽౎ᭂሶߩᦼᓙ୯߇᦭㒢ߢ޽ࠆ⁁ᘒߣߪ‫ࡦࡇࠬޔ‬ኒᐲߩోⓨ㑆ߢߩⓍಽ୯߇࠯ࡠߢ޽ߞߡ߽ዪᚲ⊛ࠬࡇࡦኒᐲಽᏓ߇
᦭㒢ߢ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߥ⁁ᘒߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡࠃ޿‫ߡߒߣ଀ޕ‬࿑ 5 ߦ JxJyJz ߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆ౎ᭂሶߦኻᔕߔࠆࠬࡇࡦኒᐲಽᏓࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬㧔⍫ශߪߘࠇߙࠇߩ႐ᚲߦ߅ߌࠆ
ࠬࡇࡦ஍ᭂߩะ߈ࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬㧕ࠬࡇࡦኒᐲߩⓍಽ୯ߪ࠯ࡠߥߩߢ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬⒎ᐨࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߪㅢᏱߩ⏛᳇᷹ቯߢߪᬌ಴ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ࡒ࡞ࠚࡈߒ߆ߒޕ‬ធ⸅⋧੕૞↪ࠍㅢߓߡේሶᩭࠬࡇࡦߦ௛ߊ⿥ᓸ⚦⏛႐ߪ‫ޔ‬ේሶᩭߩ૏⟎ߦ߅ߌࠆዪᚲ⊛ߥࠬࡇࡦኒᐲߦᲧ଀ߔࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬NMR ߦࠃࠆᬌ಴߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬࿑ 5 ߦ␜ߒߚ଀ߢ‫ޔ‬ਛᔃߦᏗ࿯㘃ࠗࠝࡦ߇޽ࠅ‫[ࠄ߆ߎߘޔ‬111]෸߮ߎࠇߣ╬ଔߥᣇะ࿑ 㪌㩷 ⏛᳇ 㪏 ᭂሶ䈱଀㩷߳╬ߒ޿〒㔌ߦ 8 ୘ߩ࡝ࠟࡦ࠼ࠨࠗ࠻߇޽ࠆ♽ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ‫ߩ࠼ࡦࠟ࡝ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ේሶᩭࠬࡇࡦߪะ߈ߩ⇣ߥࠆౝㇱ⏛႐ࠍᗵߓࠆߩߢ‫ޔ‬NMR ౒㡆✢߇ಽⵚߔࠆߪߕߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
 ㈬੗ᴦ‫ޔ‬ᬁฬ੫テ‫ޔ‬ᣁᵄᒄⴕ‫ޔ‬Peter Thalmeier ߩ 4 ᳁ߪ 1997 ᐕߦߎߩࠃ߁ߥᯏ᭴ࠍೋ߼ߡឭ໒ߒ[13]‫ޔ‬ቇ૏⺰ᢥߩ࠹࡯ࡑߣߒߡ 1982 ᐕߦ⑳߇ⴕߞߚ CeB6 ߩࡎ࠙⚛ࠨࠗ࠻ߩ NMR ታ㛎߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇߚࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞߇‫ޔ‬෻ᒝ྾ᭂሶ⒎ᐨ⁁ᘒߦ⏛႐ࠍട߃ߡ⺃⿠ߐࠇࠆ⏛᳇౎ᭂሶߦࠃߞߡ⺑᣿ߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬ታߪቇ૏⺰ᢥߩਛߢ‫ߪ⑳ޔ‬ㅢᏱߩ෺ᭂሶ⏛႐ߢ NMRߩ⚿ᨐࠍ⺑᣿ߒࠃ߁ߣ⧰ᔃߒߚ޽ߍߊ‫ޔ‬3 ߟߩᵄᢙᚑಽߩ㊀ߨวࠊߖ߆ࠄߥࠆᅤ૗ߦ߽ੱᎿ⊛ߥ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ᭴ㅧࠍឭ᩺ߒߚߩߛ
߇[14]‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟਛᕈሶ࿁᛬ߩታ㛎ߦࠃߞߡߘߩࠃ߁ߥࠬࡇࡦ᭴ㅧ߇ุቯߐࠇ‫ޔ‬NMR ߩ⚿ᨐࠍߤ߁⺑᣿ߔࠆ߆ߪᧂ⸃᳿ߢ޽ߞ
ߚ‫⷗ࠍ⻘ߩߎޕ‬੐ߦ⸃᣿ߒߚ㈬੗᳁ࠄߩ߅߆ߍߢ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ㒮ᤨઍߩ⑳ߩታ㛎߽ 15 ᐕ߱ࠅߦᣣߩ⋡ࠍ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬㈬੗᳁
ࠄߩ⸃ᨆᴺߪ⚿᥏ߩኻ⒓ᕈߦၮߠ޿ߡᩭࠬࡇࡦߣᄙᭂሶߩ⚿วߩ⴫ᑼࠍ⃻⽎⺰⊛ߦ᳞߼‫ޔ‬ᄙᭂሶ⒎ᐨߩ࠲ࠗࡊࠍ઒ቯߒߚߣ
߈ߦ‫ޔ‬ᄖㇱ⏛႐ߩਅߢߤߩࠃ߁ߥ⿥ᓸ⚦⏛႐߇↢ߓࠆ߆ࠍ⟲⺰⊛ߦ⠨ኤߔࠆᣇᴺߢ‫⥸৻޿ߥࠄࠃߦ⾰‛ޔ‬ᕈࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬9 ߘߩᓟᦨㄭߦߥߞߡ‫ޔ‬లႯࠬࠢ࠶࠹࡞࠳ࠗ࠻᭴ㅧࠍᜬߟᏗ࿯㘃ൻว‛ߦ߅޿ߡ㓝ࠇߚ⒎ᐨ߇㑐ਈߔࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ⋧ォ⒖߇⷗ߟ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ߪޘ‬㚂ㇺᄢߩ૒⮮⧷ⴕ᳁‫⩲ޔ‬ේੳ᳁߆ࠄ PrFe4P12 ߩ⚐⦟ߥන⚿᥏ࠍ㗂޿ߡ‫ޔ‬P ࠨࠗ࠻ߩ NMR ࠍⴕߞߚ㧔⩵࿾ᷕ㧕‫ ߪ⾰‛ߩߎޕ‬6.5K એਅߢ᣿⏕ߥ⋧ォ⒖ࠍ␜ߔ߇‫⏛ޔ‬᳇⒎ᐨߪᬌ಴ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫⏛ޕ‬႐ߣ౒ߦォ⒖᷷ᐲߪᷫዋ‫ޔ‬7 ࠹ࠬ࡜એ਄ߢ⋧ォ⒖ߪᶖṌߒ‫ޔ‬㜞⏛႐ߢߪ㊀޿㔚ሶ⁁ᘒ߇ታ⃻ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㜞᷷ߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧߪ૕ᔃ┙ᣇߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ૐ᷷⋧ߢߪ(1,0,0)ߩᵄᢙࠍ
ᜬߟ⿥ᩰሶ෻኿߇᷹ⷰߐࠇ‫(ޔ‬1/2,1/2,1/2)ߩ૬ㅴኻ⒓ᕈ߇ᄬࠊࠇߚන⚐┙ᣇߦᄌൻߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ ߇ޘ‬NMR ࠍᆎ߼ߚᒰೋߪ‫⋧ߩߎޔ‬ォ⒖ߪ
(1,0,0)ߩᵄᢙࠍᜬߟ෻ᒝ྾ᭂሶ⒎ᐨߢ޽ࠈ߁ߣ޿߁⠨߃߇ఝᕈߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 6 ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬12 ୘ߩ╬ଔߥ࡝ࡦේሶ߇৻ߟߩ Pr ࠨࠗ࠻ࠍ࿐߻

࿑ 6 PrFe4P12 ߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧ‫ޕ‬ࠃ߁ߦ㈩⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬Ꮧ࿯㘃ේሶߩ๟࿐ߦዪᚲࠬࡇࡦኒᐲࠍᬌ
಴ߔࠆࡊࡠ࡯ࡉ߇✂ߩ⋡ߩࠃ߁ߦ߼ߋࠄߐࠇߚ᭴ㅧߢ‫ޔ‬ᄙᭂሶߩ⁁ᘒࠍ⍮ࠆߩߦ㕖Ᏹߦᅢㇺวߢ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⷗߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㛎ࠍᆎ߼ߡ㑆߽ߥߊ‫ޔ‬㜞᷷⋧ߢ᷹ⷰߐࠇߚ NMR ౒㡆✢ߩߘࠇߙࠇ߇ォ⒖᷷ᐲએਅߢ 2 ᧄߦಽⵚߔࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ‫ߩ࠻ࠗࠨߩࠇߙࠇߘޕ‬ಽⵚ᏷ߩ⏛႐ᣇ૏ଐሽᕈࠍ
࿑ 7 ߦ␜ߔ‫ߩߎߚ߹ޕ‬ಽⵚ᏷ߪૐ⏛႐ߢߪ⏛႐ߦᲧ଀ߒߡ࠯ࡠߦะ߆
߁ߎߣ߆ࠄ‫⏛ࡠ࠯ޔ‬႐ߢߩ⒎ᐨࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߪ㔚᳇⊛ᄙᭂሶ㧔J ߩ஧ᢙᰴ㧕ߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬NMR ࡜ࠗࡦߩಽⵚߪ⏛႐ߦࠃߞߡ⺃⿠ߐࠇߚ⏛᳇ᄙᭂሶߦࠃࠆߣផቯߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ ⹦⚦ߥ NMR ࠺࡯࠲ࠍᓧߚ⩵࿾᳁ߪ‫ޔ‬㈬੗ᴦ᳁ߣᬁฬ੫テ᳁ߩ߅⍮ᕺࠍ୫ࠅߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ታ㛎ߢᓧࠄࠇߚⷺᐲଐሽᕈࠍ⸃ᨆߒߡᄙᭂሶ⒎ᐨ㧔ᦨೋߪ྾ᭂሶ⒎ᐨߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚ㧕ࠍหቯߒࠃ߁ߣ⹜ߺߚ‫ޕ‬ታ㛎⚿ᨐߩ㊀ⷐߥ․ᓽߪ‫ޔ‬ૐ᷷⋧ߩ NMR ౒㡆✢ߩᢙߪ⏛႐ߩᣇะߦࠃࠄߕᏱߦ㜞᷷⋧ߩ
2 ୚ߢ޽ࠆ‫߁޿ߣޔ‬ὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬ᩰሶߩ૬ㅴኻ⒓ᕈࠍ⎕ࠆ෻ᒝ⊛⒎ᐨߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬Pr ߩ๟ࠅߩ P12 ߩࠤ࡯߽ࠫ 2 ⒳㘃ߦಽ߆ࠇߚߎߣߢ⺑᣿߇ߟߊ‫ߪ⚦⹦ޕ‬ේ⺰ᢥ㨇15,16㨉߿⸃⺑㨇17㨉ߦ⼑ࠆ߇‫ࠇߘޔ‬એ਄ߩಽⵚ߇ߥ޿ߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬Pr ࠨࠗ࠻ߩὐኻ⒓ᕈ߇ૐ᷷⋧ߢ߽ૐਅߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߎ
ߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬හߜ‫ޔ‬ੑߟߩ೽ᩰሶ਄ߩ Pr ߪ⇣ߥࠆ 4f 㔚ሶߩ㔚⩄ಽᏓࠍᜬߟ߇‫߽ࠇߕ޿ޔ‬ὐ⟲ Th ߩኻ⒓ᕈࠍ଻ߟࠃ߁ߥ㔚⩄ಽᏓߢߥߌࠇ߫
ߥࠄߥ޿‫ߪࠇߎޕ‬⒎ᐨࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲߇ὐ⟲ߩኻ⒓ᠲ૞ߦ㑐ߒߡਇᄌߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔ‬හߜᕡ╬⴫⃻ߦዻߔࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߣห╬ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታߪߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⒎ᐨࡄ
࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߪ‫ޔ‬྾ᭂሶ߆ࠄ૞ࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ߥ޿‫ߥ⊛⺰⟲ޕ‬⠨ኤ߆ࠄోኻ⒓࿑ 7 ૐ᷷⋧ߦ߅ߌࠆ NMR ౒㡆✢ಽⵚ᏷ߩⷺᐲ
ଐሽᕈ‫ޕ‬

ߥ⒎ᐨࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߪච౐ᭂሶ‫౐ߪߚ߹ޔ‬ච྾ᭂሶߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆߎߣ߇ಽ
߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬Th ⟲ߦ㑐ߒߡਇᄌߥ㔚⩄ಽᏓࠍᜬߟᄙᭂሶߩ଀㧔Jx4+Jy4+Jz43/5 ߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆච౐ᭂሶ㧕ࠍ࿑ 8 ߦ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫⺰ߩޘ‬ᢥએ೨ߦ Kiss-ୖᧄߪ⏛ൻߩ⇣ᣇᕈ߿ᚒ‫ ߩޘ‬NMR ߩ⚿ᨐߦၮߠ޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ห᭽ߥࠬࠞ࡜࡯⒎ᐨ
ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ࠍឭ໒ߒߚ[18]‫ ߚ߹ޕ‬Fe ࠍ Ru ߢ⟎߈឵߃ߚ PrRu4P12 ߪ
160K ߣ޿߁㜞޿᷷ᐲߢ Q=(1,0,0)ߩ⿥๟ᦼ᭴ㅧࠍ઻߁㊄ዻ⛘✼૕ォ⒖ࠍ␜ߔ߇‫ޔ‬Ἇᧄߪ PrRu4P12 ߩૐ᷷⋧߇࿑ 8 ߦ␜ߐࠇࠆච౐ᭂሶߩ෻ᒝ
⒎ᐨ⋧ߢ޽ࠆߣឭ໒ߒߚ[19]‫ⶄޕ‬ᢙߩ⎇ⓥ⠪߇⁛┙ߦห᭽ߥ⚿⺰ߦ೔㆐ߒߚߩߢ‫ߩߎޔ‬⒎ᐨ⁁ᘒߦߪ‫ోޟ‬ኻ⒓⒎ᐨ‫ޔޠ‬‫࡯࡜ࠞࠬޟ‬⒎ᐨ‫ޠ‬‫ޟޔ‬ච౐ᭂ
ሶ⒎ᐨ‫ޠ‬‫ࠆߥ⇣ߤߥޠ࡞࡯ࡐࡁࡕޟ‬ฬ⒓߇ߟߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߢߪ‫ޔ‬૗᡿ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ㜞ᰴߩᄙᭂሶߩ⒎ᐨ⁁ᘒ߇↢ߓࠆߩ߆㧫ߎࠇߦ
10

࿑ 8 ోኻ⒓ߥ㔚᳇ᄙᭂሶ㧔ච౐ᭂሶ㧕ߩ଀‫ޕ‬㑐ߒߡߪ᠞⏴ዏᦺ᳁㧔␹ᚭᄢ㧕߇ᄙᭂሶߣવዉ㔚ሶߩ⋧੕૞↪ߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ㕙ߩਇ቟ቯᕈߣ޿߁ᯏ᭴ࠍឭ໒ߒߡ޿
ࠆ‫ߩ♽ߩߎޕ‬વዉࡃࡦ࠼ߪਥߦ࡝ࡦߩ p ゠㆏ߢ૞ࠄࠇࠆ P12 ࠤ࡯ࠫ਄ߩ xyz ኻ⒓ᕈࠍᜬߟಽሶ゠㆏߆ࠄᚑࠅ┙ߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒ㕙ߪ (1,0,0) ᣇะߦࡀࠬ࠹ࠖࡦࠣࠍ␜ߔ‫ߩࠫ࡯ࠤޕ‬ਛᔃߦ޿ࠆ f 㔚ሶߣવዉ㔚ሶߩ㑆ߩࠢ࡯ࡠࡦ⋧੕૞↪ߩߚ߼ߦ‫ޔ‬વዉ㔚ሶߩᗵߓࠆࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߪ f 㔚ሶߩ㔚⩄ಽᏓߦᢅᗵߦଐሽߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ f 㔚ሶߩ㔚⩄ಽᏓߦ (1,0,0) ߩᵄᢙߩ෻ᒝ⒎ᐨ߇↢ߓࠇ߫‫ޔ‬વዉ㔚ሶߩࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߦหߓᵄᢙߩᄌ⺞߇ടࠊࠅ‫ࡒ࡞ࠚࡈޔ‬㕙ߦㇱಽ⊛ߥࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ߇↢ߓࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߇቟
ቯൻߐࠇࠆ‫ߊࠃߪࠇߎޕ‬⍮ࠄࠇߚࡄࠗࠛ࡞ࠬォ⒖ߣห᭽ߩᯏ᭴ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ㅢᏱߩࡄࠗࠛ࡞ࠬォ⒖ߦ߅޿ߡᩰሶ߇ᨐߚߔᓎഀࠍ‫ޔ‬f 㔚ሶߩᄙᭂሶ߇ᨐߚߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒߃ࠃ߁‫ߢߎߎޕ‬㊀ⷐߥߩߪ‫ޔ‬વዉ㔚ሶߩࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆߩߪ‫⚿ޔ‬᥏ߩࠨࠗ
࠻ኻ⒓ᕈࠍ଻ᜬߔࠆࠃ߁ߥ㔚⩄ಽᏓߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆߣ޿߁ὐߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬⒎ᐨࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲߇ోኻ⒓ߢ޽ࠆᔅὼᕈ߇ℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ˑȅ̷͈ఈ͈ΞȜζ!
ᄢㇱ㐳ߊߥߞߡ߈ߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬਄⸥એᄖߩਥߥ࠹࡯ࡑߦߟ޿ߡ◲නߦ߹ߣ߼ߡ߅ߎ߁‫ޕ‬ԅȅˎষࡓΑάϋࠏġ ĩńŶńŭĪōŢŏţĳŐĸȇࠗࠝࡦ੤឵ᴺߣ޿߁࠰ࡈ࠻ൻቇ⊛ᚻᴺߦࠃߞߡวᚑߐࠇߚߎߩ‛⾰ߪ‫ࠣࡦࠪޔ‬࡟࠶࠻ၮᐩ⁁ᘒࠍᜬߜ 24K ߩബ⿠ࠡࡖ࠶ࡊࠍ␜ߔ‫ᦨޕ‬ೋߪℂ⺰⊛ߦᒝ޿⥝๧߇ᜬߚࠇߡ޿ࠆᱜᣇᩰሶ਄ߩ J1-J2 ࡕ࠺࡞ߩౕ૕଀߆ߣᕁࠊࠇߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫ ߩޘ‬NMR ታ㛎߆ࠄዪᚲ⊛ߥ᭴ㅧᄌ⺞߇⏛ᕈߦ㊀ⷐߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃‫ޔ‬J1-J2 ࡕ࠺࡞ߪᒰߡߪ߹ࠄ
ߥ޿ߎߣ߇ಽ߆ߞߚ㧔የᒻ⺈ਯ‫ޔ‬ศ↰⺈‫⹜ޔ‬ᢱߪ㒶ጊᵗ᳁㧕[20]‫߇ࡊ࠶ࡖࠡޕ‬ᶖᄬߔࠆ⏛႐߇ബ⿠ࠡࡖ࠶ࡊߦᲧߴߡ⇣Ᏹߦዊߐ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ‫⏛ߥࠢ࠶࠴࠱ࠠࠛޔ‬႐⺃⿠⋧ߩ಴⃻ߦ⥝๧߇ᜬߚࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ԆȅഘέΗυΏͺΣϋ॒ఘġ ŕőőŜŇŦĩőŤĪĩńŏĪĳŞĳġ ȇߎߩ‛⾰ߪ‫❗ޔ‬ㅌߒߚ d ゠㆏ߦࠬࡇࡦࠍᜬߟ㋕ࠗࠝࡦ߇‫ޔ‬Ⅳ⁁ࡈ࠲ࡠࠪࠕ࠾ࡦಽሶߩਛᔃߦ㈩૏ߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ࠣࡦࠫࠗޔ‬ዪ࿷ࠬࡇࡦߣવዉࡄࠗ㔚ሶ߇ᒝߊ⚿วߒߚ࡙࠾࡯ࠢߥᡆ 1 ᰴరવዉ૕
ߢ‫ޔ‬ᢙᐕ೨ߦ‛ᕈ⎇ߩ↰ፉ⎇ⓥቶߢᏂᄢ⽶⏛᳇ᛶ᛫ലᨐ߇⊒⷗ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬2 ᐕ೨߆ࠄ㋕ߦ⚿วߒߚࠪࠕࡁၮਛߩ 13C ᩭ߿
15N ᩭߩ NMR ࠍⴕߞߡ߅ࠅ㧔ේᵗᄥ‫ޔ‬᳗ፉ⵨᮸㧕⇣ᣇᕈߩᒝ޿෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ⒎ᐨࠍ᷹ⷰߒߚ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ࡄࠗ㔚ሶߩᝄࠆ⥰޿ࠍ⺞ߴࠆߚ߼ߦࡈ࠲ࡠࠪࠕ࠾ࡦⅣ਄ߩ὇⚛ࠍ 13C ߢ⟎឵ߒߚ⹜ᢱߩวᚑࠍ↰ፉ⎇ߩ᧻↰ഥᢎߦ߅㗿޿ߒߡ޿ࠆߣߎࠈߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ԇȅ߄௺୲‫׻‬ఘഢ֊ͬা̳Ωͼυ·υͺȂΑάΥσॸ‫ا‬໤ȇࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕᩰሶ਄ߦዪ࿷ࠬࡇࡦࠍᜬߟ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ૕ߩᄙߊߪ‫ޔ‬ᒝ޿ࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩߚ߼ૐ᷷߹ߢ㐳〒㔌⒎ᐨࠍ␜ߐߥ޿‫ᦨߒ߆ߒޕ‬ㄭ᷷ᐲߦࠃߞߡ㊄ዻ̆⛘✼૕ォ⒖ࠍ␜ߔࡄࠗࡠ
ࠢࡠࠕ/ࠬࡇࡀ࡞㉄ൻ‛߇⷗ߟ߆ࠅ‫ޔ‬Hg2Ru2O7‫ޔ‬Cd2Os2O7‫ޔ‬LiRh2O4 ߥߤߦߟ޿ߡ NMR ߩታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ㧔ศ↰⺈‫ޔ‬๺᳇೰‫ޔ‬᳗ፉ⵨᮸㧕‫ޕ‬Hg2Ru2O7㧔Cd2Os2O7㧕ߦ߅޿ߡߪ 160K㧔240K㧕ߢߩ㊄ዻ̆⛘✼૕ォ⒖ߣหᤨߦࠦࡔࡦࠪࡘ࡟࡯
࠻ߥ⏛᳇⒎ᐨ㧔ࠗࡦࠦࡔࡦࠪࡘ࡟࡯࠻ߥ SDW㧕߇⊒↢ߒ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ᷙวේሶଔࠍᜬߟ LiRh2O4 ߢߪ⛘✼૕⋧ߢ㔚⩄⒎ᐨࠍ⿠
ߎߔߣหᤨߦ 3000K ߽ߩᄢ߈ߥ⚿วࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍᜬߟࠪࡦࠣ࡟࠶࠻࡮࠳ࠗࡑ࡯ࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ‫ޕ‬หߓࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕᩰሶ਄ߩ
⛘✼૕ߢ޽ߞߡ߽‫ޔ‬㊄ዻ̆⛘✼૕ォ⒖ߦㄭ޿♽ߩᝄࠆ⥰޿ߪዪ࿷ࠬࡇࡦ♽ߣᄢ߈ߊ⇣ߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄙᓀߥ⒎ᐨ⁁ᘒࠍ␜ߔ㧔ᣂ㗔ၞ㜞ᧁ⎇‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ᑝ੗⎇ߣߩ౒ห⎇ⓥ㧕‫ޕ‬Ŋŗȅഘ៱ளࠏ಼ഥ൵ఘȇ㋕ߣ⎆⚛߆ࠄߥࠆ 2 ᰴరጀࠍ฽߻‛⾰⟲ߢ‫੹ޔ‬ᐕ 2 ᦬ߦ 26K ߩ⿥વዉォ⒖᷷ᐲ߇⊒⴫ߐࠇࠆ߿
ᰴ‫⸥ߣޘ‬㍳߇ᦝᣂߐࠇ‫ޔ‬1 ᦬૛ࠅᓟߦߪォ⒖᷷ᐲߪ 50K ࠍ⿥߃ߚ‫ޕ‬㜞᷷⿥વዉࡉ࡯ࡓߩౣ⃻߆ߣ޿߁ჿ߽⡞ߎ߃ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫੹ޔ߽ޘ‬ᐕᣂߒߊ߅㓞ห჻ߣߥߞߚᄢਠ⎇߆ࠄ⹜ᢱࠍ㗂޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ታ㛎ࠍᆎ߼ߚߣߎࠈߢ޽ࠆ㧔ർᎹஜᄥ㇢㧕‫ޕ‬ ߎߩઁߦ߽‫ߢࡑ࡯࠹޿ߥࠇ߈ߒ੺⚫ߦߎߎޔ‬ᄙߊߩታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߡ߈ߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ਛߦߪ߹ߛ⺰ᢥߣߒߡ⊒⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߽
ߩ߽ᄙߊ‫౒ޔ‬ห⎇ⓥ⠪ߩᣇߦߪᄢᄌߏㅅᖺࠍ߅߆ߌߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩ⑳ߦ߃ߣ߭ߪࠇߎޕ‬ᕃᘟߩߖ޿ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭߪศ↰⺈ഥᢎߩปງỗബߩ߅߆ߍߢ‫ޔ‬ዋߒߕߟᡷༀߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔ߣᕁ߁㧕‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᢙߪዋߥ޿߇‛ᕈ⎇ߩ౒ห೑↪೙ᐲࠍㅢߓߚ౒ห
⎇ⓥ߽ⴕߞߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ਛߦߪ⑳ߩ⎇ⓥ࠹࡯ࡑߣߪ߆ߌ㔌ࠇߚ߽ߩ߽฽߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫‛ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ᕈ⎇ߩ౎ᧁ⎇ⓥቶࠍㅢߓߡ⚫੺ߐࠇߚᅏ࿾ᜏ↢᳁㧔ฬฎደᄢ㧕ߪ NMR ↪ߦ㐿⊒ߒߚ࠳ࠗࠕࡕࡦ࠼࡮ࠕࡦࡆ࡞࠮࡞ࠍ↪޿ߡ㜞࿶ਅߩ᳖ߦๆ⬿ߐࠇߚ᳓⚛ߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬࠍ⺞ߴߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㋈ᧁ⟵⨃᳁㧔ᄢ㒋ᄢ㧕ߪ‫⏛࡞ࡀࡦ࠻ޔ‬᳇ᛶ᛫ലᨐࠍ␜ߔࠦࡃ࡞࠻ᓸ☸ሶߣ᦭ᯏ‛ߩࠦࡦࡐࠫ࠶࠻᧚ᢱߦኻߒߡ‫ޔ‬NMR ࠍ↪޿ߡࠦࡃ࡞࠻ᓸ☸ሶਛߩࠬࡇࡦ஍ᭂಽᏓࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ‫౒ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬ห⎇ⓥࠍㅢߒߡ᥉Ბ⡞ߊߎߣߩߥ޿⎇ⓥ࠹࡯ࡑߦߟ޿ߡ⍮ࠆᯏળࠍᓧࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫⾆߽ߡߞߣߦޘ‬㊀ߥ⚻㛎ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬˒ȅ௡౾͂ܿ੅‫ٳ‬อ!
 NMR ߩାภ߇ೋ߼ߡ᷹ⷰߐࠇߚߩߪ‫ ╙ޔ‬2 ᰴᄢᚢ⚳⚿⋥ᓟߢ޽ࠆ‫ ࠄ߆ࠇߘޕ‬60 ᐕ૛ࠅࠍ⚻ߡ‫ ߿੹ޔ‬NMR ߪൻቇ‫ޔ‬↢‛‫ޔ‬කቇ‫᧚ޔ‬ᢱ⑼ቇߥߤ⥄ὼ⑼ቇߩᱴߤߔߴߡߩಽ㊁ߢᵴ↪ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫࡮‛↢ߦ․ޔ‬කቇ߳ߩᔕ↪ߦߪ⋡ⷡߒ޿ㅴዷ߇
11޽ࠆ‫‛ޕ‬ℂಽ㊁ߢ߽‫ޔ‬න৻ࠬࡇࡦᬌ಴ࠍ⋡ᜰߔജቇ⊛ᬌ಴ᴺߩ㐿⊒߿‫ޔ‬2 ᰴర㔚ሶ♽ߩ․ᓽࠍ೑↪ߒߚ㔚᳇ᛶ᛫ߦࠃࠆᩭ
ࠬࡇࡦ౒㡆ߩᬌ಴ᴺߥߤ‫ޔ‬㕟ᣂ⊛ߥᛛⴚ߇↢ߺ಴ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫⥝߇ޘ‬๧ࠍ߽ߞߡ޿ࠆ‛⾰⑼ቇߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ⊛ߦ߶߷ቢᚑߒㄭ޿዁᧪ᄢ߈ߥᄌൻ߇޽ࠆߣߪᕁ߃ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ታ㛎ᛛⴚߣ޿߁ὐߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽߿㊂ሶࠬࡇࡦ♽ߩ⎇ⓥߦ
߅޿ߡߪᣂᄸߥ㊂ሶ⁁ᘒࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⥰บߠߊࠅ㧔ᒝ⏛႐‫ޔ‬ૐ᷷‫ޔ‬㜞࿶ߥߤߩᭂ㒢ⅣႺ㧕߇߻ߒࠈ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬߁ߜᒝ⏛႐ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬18 ࠹ࠬ࡜߹ߢߪ‛ᕈ⎇ߩ⿥વዉࡑࠣࡀ࠶࠻ߢࠞࡃ࡯ߢ߈‫ࠅࠃޔ‬㜞⏛႐߇ᔅⷐߥߣ߈ߪࠣ࡞ࡁ࡯
ࡉ࡞ᒝ⏛႐ᣉ⸳ߦߡᣥ⍮ߩ෹ੱߢ޽ࠆ Claude Berthier‫ޔ‬Mladen Horvatic ਔ᳁ߣ౒ห⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ૐ᷷ߦߟ޿ߡ
ߪศ↰ഥᢎߩദജߢ 20mK ߹ߢߩ᷹ቯ߇࿎㔍ߥߊⴕ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥቶߢ㐿⊒ߒߚⵝ⟎ߣߒߡ‫⿥ޔ‬વዉࡑࠣࡀ࠶
࠻ਛߢන⚿᥏⹜ᢱߩᣇ૏ࠍ೙ᓮߢ߈ࠆ NMR ↪ࠧ࠾ࠝࡔ࡯࠲ߣ‫ޔ‬㜞࿶ታ㛎↪ߩ࿶ജ࠮࡞ࠍ⚫੺ߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ ߎࠇ߹ߢ⚫੺ߒߚ⎇ⓥ଀߆ࠄ߽ಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ‫࠻ࠗࠨޔ‬ㆬᛯᕈߣ޿߁ NMR ߩ೑ὐࠍᦨᄢ㒢ߦ⊒ើߔࠆߦߪ‫ޔ‬න⚿᥏⹜ᢱ↪ߦኻߔࠆ♖ኒߥⷺᐲಽ⸃ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆ႐ว߇ᄙ޿‫ߪ⑳ޕ‬એ೨߆ࠄ⿥વዉࡑࠣࡀ࠶࠻ਛߢ⹜ᢱߩᣇ૏ࠍછᗧ
ߦ⸳ቯߢ߈ࠆ NMR ࡊࡠ࡯ࡉߩᔅⷐᕈࠍᗵߓߡ޿ߚ‫‛ޕ‬ᕈ⎇ߦ⌕છᓟ‫⃻ޔ‬ᚲ㐳ߩኅᵏᒄ᳁߆ࠄૐ᷷ታ㛎ߦ૶ࠊࠇߡ޿ߚࠦ
ࡦࡄࠢ࠻ߥ 2 ゲࠧ࠾ࠝࡔ࡯࠲ࠍ⷗ߖߡ㗂߈‫ࠍࠇߘޔ‬రߦᣂ‛⾰⑼ቇㇱ㐷ᚲዻߢ޽ߞߚጊፒᛛቭ㧔⃻Ꮏ૞ቶᚲዻ㧕߇ NMRࡊࡠ࡯ࡉࠍ⸳⸘ߒߚ‫ ⚂ޕ‬0.2 ᐲߩ೙ᓮ߇น⢻ߥߎߩࡊࡠ࡯ࡉߪ‫ޔ‬න⚿᥏⹜ᢱࠍ↪޿ߚోߡߩታ㛎ߦ૶ࠊࠇᄢ߈ߥᆭജࠍ⊒ើߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑ 9 Ꮐ㧕‫⸘⸳ߩࡉ࡯ࡠࡊߩߎޕ‬࿑ߪ࿖ౝߩᐞߟ߆ߩ NMR ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߦ߽ឭଏߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫߿ߐߐߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬߆ߥ⽸₂߽‫ోޔ‬࿖౒ห೑↪⎇ⓥᚲߦ☋ࠍ⟎ߊ⠪ߩോ߼ߢ޽ࠈ߁ߣᕁߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬੹ᣣߩ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥߢߪ⏛႐ߣਗࠎߢ࿶ജ߽ᔅⷐਇนᰳߥᚻᲑߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫߽ޘ‬ᢙᐕ೨ߦ‛ᕈ⎇ߩ਄ᐥ⟤਽᳁ߣ‛᧚ᯏ᭴ߩ᧻
ᧄᱞᒾ᳁ߩදജࠍᓧߡ‫ޔ‬NiCrAl ว㊄ࠍ↪޿ߚࡇࠬ࠻ࡦ࡮ࠪ࡝ࡦ࠳࡯ဳߩ࿶ജ࠮࡞ࠍ⸳⸘ߒ㧔ᣂ੗ᶈ৻㧕3GPa ߹ߢߩ㜞࿶ਅ NMR ࠍน⢻ߦߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬࿶ജ࠮࡞ߪ਄ߦㅀߴߚ 2 ゲ⹜ᢱ࿁ォบߦタߖࠆߎߣ߇಴߈ࠆߩߢ㧔࿑ 9 ਛᄩ㧕㜞࿶ਅߢන⚿᥏⹜ᢱߩᣇ૏ࠍ೙ᓮߒߚ᷹ቯ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟᦝߦ㜞࿶ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕᐲ߆ࠄ⎇ⓥቶߦടࠊߞߚർᎹஜᄥ㇢᳁
㧔ቇᝄ PD㧕߇౎ᧁ⎇ⓥቶ‫ޔ‬਄ᐥ⎇ⓥቶ‫ᧄ᧻ޔ‬ᱞᒾ᳁ߣ౒หߢኻะࠕࡦࡆ࡞ဳߩ NMR ↪࿶ജ࠮࡞ࠍ㐿⊒ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑ 9 ฝ㧕‫ޕ‬
3 ࡩ᦬ߩ㑆ߦ૗ߣ 40 ⒳㘃એ਄㧔㧍㧕߽ߩ᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᒻ⁁ߩࠟࠬࠤ࠶࠻ࠍ⹜૞ߒߡᦨㆡൻࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚ⚿ᨐ‫ࠕ࡮࠼ࡦࡕࠕࠗ࠳ޔ‬ࡦࡆ࡞࠮࡞ߦ㘃ૃߩ᭴ㅧߢ‫ޔ‬5 ┙ᣇࡒ࡝ࡔ࡯࠲ߣ޿߁ᄢ߈ߥ⹜ᢱ૕Ⓧࠍ଻ߜߥ߇ࠄ 8GPa ߩ࿶ജࠍ⊒↢ߔࠆߎߣߦᚑഞߒ
ߚ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߪ‫ޔ‬ᶧ૕ࠕ࡞ࠧࡦࠍ࿶ᇦ૕ߦ↪޿ߡ㜞޿㕒᳓࿶ᕈࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬2 ゲ⹜ᢱ࿁ォᯏ᭴߿Ꮧ㉼಄ಓᯏߣ⚵ߺวࠊߖࠆߎߣߦ࠴ࡖ࡟ࡦࠫߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

࿑ 9 㧔Ꮐ㧕 ⹜ᢱ࿁ォ↪ 2 ゲࠧ࠾ࠝࡔ࡯࠲ࠍ஻߃ߚ NMR ࡊࡠ࡯ࡉ‫ޕ‬㧔ਛᄩ㧕 2 ゲࠧ࠾ࠝࡔ࡯࠲ߦ࠮࠶࠻ߐࠇߚࡇࠬ࠻ࡦ࡮ࠪ࡝ࡦ
࠳࡯ဳ࿶ജ࠮࡞‫ޕ‬㧔ฝ㧕 ⃻࿷㐿⊒ਛߩኻะࠕࡦࡆ࡞ဳ࿶ജ࠮࡞ߣ 2 ゲ࿁ォᯏ᭴‫ޕ‬˓ȅ̤ͩͤͅ!
 ੍ቯߩ⚕ᢙࠍᄢಽࠝ࡯ࡃ࡯ߒߡߒ߹ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᝄࠅ㄰ߞߡߺࠆߣᨰ⒖ォᓟ 8 ᐕߩ㑆‫⷗ߦࡑ࡯࠹ߥޘ⦡ޔ‬Ⴚߥߊᚻࠍ಴ߒߡ
߈ߚߣ޿߁ᗵߓ߇ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ಽ㊁߇ᐢ߇ࠅߔ߉ߡ‫ޔ‬ᄙዋᶖൻਇ⦟ࠍ⿠ߎߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁෻⋭߇ߥ޿ࠊߌߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬୘‫࡯࠹ߩޘ‬ࡑߦߟ޿ߡ⑳⥄り߇⴫㕙⊛ߦߒ߆ℂ⸃ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߚ߼ߦ‫ᧄޔ‬ᒰߦ㕙⊕޿ዷ㐿ࠍ⷗ㅏߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁᳇߽ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ᐕࠍߣߞߡ‫ޔ‬ታ㛎࠺࡯࠲ߩ⸃ᨆ߿ᣂߒ޿࠹࡯ࡑߩീᒝ߇એ೨߶ߤࠬࡇ࡯࠺ࠖ࡯ߦ಴᧪ߥߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣߦ߽‫ޔ‬ේ࿃߇޽ࠆ߆߽⍮ࠇߥ޿‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㕙⊕ߘ߁ߥ࠹࡯ࡑ߇⋡ߩ೨ߦ޽ࠇ߫‫ࠅߪ߿ޔ‬ᚻࠍ಴ߐߕߦߪ޿ࠄࠇߥ޿‫ࠇ߆⦟ޕ‬ᖡߒ߆ࠇ‫ޔ‬ᶖൻਇ⦟ߣߪಽ߆ࠅߟߟ߽ߎߩࠃ߁ߥࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߢ੹ᓟ߽⎇ⓥࠍ⛯ߌߡ޿ߊߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ߜ߁ߩߘޕ‬⣶ࠍ⪭ߜ⌕ߌߡ㓸ਛߢ߈ࠆ࡜ࠗ
12ࡈࡢ࡯ࠢߣߥࠆߴ߈࠹࡯ࡑ߇⷗ߟ߆ࠆ߆߽⍮ࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᄙዋᴤಾࠇߩళ୥߇޽ࠆ⑳ߩ⥋ࠄߥߐࠍ⵬ߞߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥቶߩ
⧯޿ࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߩᾲᗧߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔࠅࠊᦧࠇ౉߇࡯ࡃࡦࡔ޿⧯ߦ⊛⛯⛮ޕ‬ᣂߒ޿ⓨ᳇ࠍ็߈ㄟࠎߢߊࠇߚ߅߆ߍߢ‫ߞ߿ߢ߹੹ޔ‬ߡߎࠇߚߩߛߣᕁ߁‫ᦨޕ‬ᓟߦ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ᄙߊߩ⾆㊀ߥ⹜ᢱࠍឭଏਅߐࠅ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ᣣ‫ࠍ⺰⼏ߩޘ‬ㅢߓߡ᭽‫ߥޘ‬໧㗴ߩℂ⸃ࠍഥߌߡ㗂޿ߚ౒ห⎇ⓥ⠪ߩᣇ‫ߒ↳ࠍ␞߅ߦޘ‬਄ߍߡ‫ޔ‬Ⓜࠍ㐽ߓߚ޿ߣᕁ߁‫ޕ‬੹ᐕᐲߩ⎇ⓥቶߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯‫ޕ‬ะ߆ߞߡᏀࠃࠅศ↰⺈㧔ഥᢎ㧕‫ޔ‬ዊጊᐘ♿㧔㧹2㧕‫ޔ‬᳗ፉ⵨᮸㧔㧹2㧕‫╩ޔ‬⠪‫ޔ‬ർᎹஜᄥ㇢
㧔ቇᝄ PD㧕‫ޔ‬Ꮉ੗᣿ሶ㧔⒁ᦠ㧕ߩ⻉᳁‫ޕ‬४ࣉ໲ࡃȇ!
[1] H. Kageyama et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 (1999) 3168, K. Onizuka et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 69 (2000) 1016.
[2] K. Kodama et al., Science 298 (2002) 395.
[3] M. Takigawa et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 037202.
[4] F. Levy et al., EPL 81 (2008) 67004.
[5] K. Kodama et al., J. Phys.:Condens. Matter 17 (2005) L61.
[6] T. Waki et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 76 (2007) 073710.
[7] M. Hanawa et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 187001, H. Sakai et al., J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 13 (2001) L785.
[8] O. Vyaselev et al,. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 017001.
[9] K. Arai et al., J. Phys.:Condens. Matter 14 (2002) L461.
[10] S. Yonezawa, Y. Muraoka, Y. Matsushita, and Z. Hiroi, J. Phys.:Condens. Matter 16 (2004) L9.
[11] M. Yoshida et al,. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 (2007) 197002.
[12] T. Dahm and K. Ueda, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (2007) 187003.
[13] O. Sakai, R. Shiina, H. Shiba, and P. Thalmeier, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 66 (1977) 3005.
[14] M. Takigawa, H. Yasuoka, T. Tanaka, and Y. Ishizawa, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 52 (1983) 728.
[15] J. Kikuchi, M. Takigawa, H. Sato, and H. Sugawara, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 76 (2007) 043705.
[16] O. Sakai et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 76 (2007) 024710.
[17] ㈬੗ᴦ‫⩵ޔ‬࿾ᷕ‫ޔ‬ᬁฬ੫テ‫ޔ‬ἏᎹੳ‫ޔ‬ᣣᧄ‛ℂቇળ⹹ 63 (2008) 427.
[18] A. Kiss and Y. Kuramoto, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 75 (2006) 103704.
[19] T. Takimoto, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 75 (2006) 034714.
[20] M. Yoshida et al,. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 76 (2007) 104703.

13ࡄ‫ݪ‬৒̺ͤ͢

Ꭲ֔ࡄ‫ݪ‬৒໤ৗ୭ࠗບ‫ث‬ঔ୭! ! Ꭲ֔! ஝ඵ!
ˍȅ͉̲͛ͅ!
1998 ᐕ 12 ᦬‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ߦ⌕છߒߡ߆ࠄᣧ 10 ᐕ߇ㆊ߉෰ࠈ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠄ߆ᧁᧄ౐ޕ‬ᨰ߳ߩᧄᩰ⒖ォ߹ߢ 1 ᐕ૛ߣߥߞ
ߡ޿ߚᤨᦼߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩߢᧁᧄ౐ޕ‬⍴޿↢ᵴߪ⑳ߦߣߞߡ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥቶ┙ߜ਄ߍߦ઻߁࿎㔍߿உ޿వ↢ᣇߦ࿐߹ࠇߡᄢᄌߥߣߎ
ࠈߦ᧪ߡߒ߹ߞߚߣ޿߁ᓟᖎߩਛߢᄢᄌߒࠎߤ޿߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߢߘߊߌ߿ޕ‬㕍ጊჄ࿾ࠍ⿛ࠅ࿁ߞߚࠅ‫ߩᧁᧄ౐ޔ‬૑ੱߦߥߞߚߟ߽ࠅߢ⌀ᄛਛߦ߱ࠄߞߣ㘶ߺߦⴕߞߚࠅߒߡ᳇ࠍ⚗ࠄࠊߒߡ޿ࠆ߁ߜߦ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥࠄߒ޿ߎߣߪ૗߽ߖߕߦㆊߏߒߡߒ
߹߁ߎߣߦߥߞߚ‫ߜ⪭ߢߎߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ㄟࠎߢᖠߺ߹ߊߞߚߎߣߢ‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߦ૗߇ߢ߈ߡ૗߇ߢ߈ߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣ‫ޔ‬૗ࠍ߿ࠆߴ߈߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ዋߒಽ߆ߞߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߦᕁ߁‫ޕ‬‫߽ߢࠄ߆ߣߎߥࠎߤߪੱޟ‬ദജߐ߃ߔࠇ߫૗߆ࠍቇߴࠆ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢߩޠ‬⒖ォ⋥೨ߦ᧛ጟ᳁߇ഥᚻߣߒߡ⌕છߒ‫ޔ‬ᨰࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬߩ⌀ᣂߒ޿ᑪ‛ߦ౉ߞߡቇ↢ߐࠎ߽ 2 ੱߦჇ߃ߚߎߣߢ᳇ಽߪ
৻ᣂߐࠇߚ‫ߦᧁᧄ౐ޕ‬㐳ߊ߅ࠄࠇߚవ↢ᣇߣߪ㆑ߞߡ‫ߡߞߣߦ⑳ޔ‬ᨰߪ‫ߚࠇߐ⑔␸ޟ‬ᄢ࿾‫ࡈ࡯࡙࡮ࠬ࡝ࠣ࠴ޕߚ߃⷗ߦޠ‬࡜࠹ࠬᎹߩਃⷺᎺߢᩕ߃ߚࡔ࠰ࡐ࠲ࡒࠕᢥ᣿ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᳯᚭᎹߣ೑ᩮᎹߦ᜽߹ࠇߚᨰߪᣂߚߥᢥ᣿ߩ⊒␽࿾ߦߥࠆ‫޿ߣޔ‬߁ࠪࡘ࡯࡞ߥ࡚ࠫ࡯߽ࠢྫ߆ࠇߚ߇‫ޔ‬ዋߥߊߣ߽૗߆ᣂߒ޿ߎߣߦ࠴ࡖ࡟ࡦࠫߢ߈ߘ߁ߥ੍ᗵ߇޽ߞߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ 8 ᐕߩᤨߩᵹࠇߩਛߢ‫ޔ‬ᄙߊߩ⧯޿ੱ㆐ߣ৻✜ߦ૗ࠍ⠨߃‫ޔ‬૗ࠍ߿ߞߡ߈ߚ߆ࠍߎߎߦ⸥ߒߚ޿ߣᕁ߁‫ߩߊ߆ߞߖޕ‬ᯏળߥߩߢ
ᅢ߈ൎᚻߦ⸒޿ߚ޿᡼㗴‫ޔ‬ዋ‫ޘ‬⠀⋡ࠍᄖߒߡ㧔޿ߟ߽ߘ߁ߛ߇㧕ᦠߎ߁ߣᕁ߁ߩߢߒ߫ߒߩ㑆߅ઃ߈ว޿㗿޿ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ˎȅ૽!
ᄢቇߢߩ⎇ⓥߦ߅ߌࠆ↢๮✢ߪቇ↢ߢ޽ࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ㄭ‫ࠍߣߎߩߎߦ․ޔ‬ᒝߊᗵߓࠆ‫ߪࠇࠊࠇࠊޕ‬Ფᐕ‫⏕ޔ‬ታߦᱦࠍขߞߡ
޿ߊ߇‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߐࠎߪᏱߦᣂ౉ߒතᬺߒߡ޿ߊ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᣂ㒸ઍ⻢ߎߘ߇ᣂߒ޿߽ߩࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔේേജߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬
⴫ 1 ߦߎࠇ߹ߢ⎇ⓥቶߦ࿷☋ߒߚੱ㆐ߩᵹࠇࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ೋߩ 3 ฬߪℂቇㇱൻቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ߩቇ↢ߢ޽ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟߪోߡᣂ㗔ၞഃᚑ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼‛⾰♽ኾ᡹ߩቇ↢ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᨰࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬߢᣂ㗔ၞ߇㗅⺞ߦ┙ߜ਄߇ߞߚ⚿ᨐ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ᢙ߽Ⴧ߃⃻࿷ߢߪඳ჻⺖⒟ 2 ฬ‫ୃޔ‬჻⺖⒟ 3 ฬߩቇ↢߇࿷☋ߒ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥቶߩⷙᮨߣߒߡߪ⒟ࠃ޿߽ߩߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⴫㧝 ⎇ⓥቶ᭴ᚑࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߩផ⒖

14ࠬ࠲࠶ࡈߢߪೋઍഥᚻߩ᧛ጟ᳁߇ 2006 ᐕ 4 ᦬ࠃࠅጟጊᄢቇߩಎᢎ᝼ߣߒߡ߼ߢߚߊォ಴ߒ‫ޔ‬ઍࠊߞߡᣂ㗔ၞ㜞ᧁ⎇ࠍතᬺߒߚጟᧄ᳁߇⃻࿷ 2 ઍ⋡ߩഥᢎߣߒߡ㗎ᒛߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⹏⸘⸳⾰‛ޔߦࠄߐޕ‬ଔᣉ⸳ X ✢᷹ቯቶߩഥᢎߢ޽ࠆጊᶆ᳁߇
Ḱࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߣߒߡ⎇ⓥߦෳടߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ ⸘ޔઁߩߘޕ‬3 ฬߩ PD ߣᱧઍߩ⒁ᦠߐࠎ߇⎇ⓥቶࠍ⋓ࠅ਄ߍߡߊࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ˏȅࡄ‫!ݪ‬૧໤ৗౝ॑!
ᒰ⎇ⓥቶߩ╙㧝ߩሽ࿷ᗧ⟵ߪᣂ‛⾰ត⚝ߦ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿕૕ൻቇ⊛ߥᚻᴺߣࠕࠗ࠺ࠕࠍ㚟૶ߒߡ࿕૕‛ℂ⊛ߦ㕙⊕޿߽ߩࠍតߔߎߣࠍ‫ޟ‬࿖ᤚ‫⾰‛ޕࠆ޿ߡߒߣޠ‬㐿⊒ߣ޿߁⸒⪲ߪ޽߹ࠅᅢ߈ߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ߪޘ‬Ᏹߦ⥄ὼߦኻߒߡ⻞⯯ߢ޽ࠄߨ߫ߥ
ࠄߧߣᕁ߁‫⥄߽ߢ߹ߊ޽ޕ‬ὼ߇ਈ߃ߡߊࠇࠆ‛ࠍតߒߡߊࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㐳ᐕ‫⾰‛ޔ‬ត⚝ࠍ߿ߞߡ߈ߡᕁ߁ߎߣߪ‫⾰‛ޔ‬ደߪᛒ߁‛⾰ߦࠃߞߡ⢒ߡࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߛ‫ࠍߣߎߩࡦࡇࠬ߫ࠇ߿ࠍ♽ࡦࡇࠬޕ‬ീᒝߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߕ‫⿥ޔ‬વዉߦ߱ߜᒰߚࠆߣᵹࠇࠆ㔚ሶࠍࠗࡔ࡯ࠫߒߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿‫߈ߴ߻⺒ޔࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬ᢎ⑼ᦠ߽㆑ߞߡߊࠆ‫‛ޕ‬ℂ㖸∻ߩ߃ߖൻቇደ㧔᳿ߒߡ⻞㆖ߢߪߥ޿㧕ߦߪዋ‫ޔ߇ࠆ޽ߢ⹤޿ߤࠎߒޘ‬ታ㓙ߦ‛ࠍᚻߦߔࠆߣ motivation ߇㆑߁ߩߢ⚿᭴‫ޔ‬㗎ᒛࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫߫ࠇ߈ߢޕ‬Ᏹߦᦨవ┵ࠍⴕߊࠃ߁ߥ‛⾰ត⚝ࠍⴕ޿ߚ޿ߣᏱᣣ㗃߆ࠄᕁߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߊ޿ߊ߹߁ࠎࠈߜ߽ޔ‬႐ว߽޽ࠇ߫‫޿ߥ߆޿ޔ‬႐ว߽޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬એਅߦߎࠇ߹ߢᛒߞߡ߈ߚ‛⾰ࠍ◲නߦ⌑߼ߡߺߚ޿‫ޕ‬
ᨰ߳ߩ⒖ォࠍᯏߦ޽ࠄߚߦᆎ߼ߚߩ߇৻ㅪߩࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕ㉄ൻ‛ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߢ޽ߞߚ㧔࿑ 1㧕‫ޕ‬ᐘ޿ߥߎߣߦ‫ᦨޔ‬ೋߩቇ↢ߢ޽ࠆ⧎ベำ߇ᣂߒ޿⿥વዉ૕ Cd2Re2O7 ࠍ⊒⷗ߒ‫ߩߘ߇ࠇߎޔ‬ᓟߩ☨Ỉำߦࠃࠆβࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕ㉄ൻ‛ AOs2O6 ߳ߣߟߥ߇ߞߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬೨⠪ߪ 30 ᐕ೨ߦႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ‛⾰ߩ࡝ࡃࠗࡃ࡞ߛߞߚߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ᓟ⠪߇ోߊߩᣂ‛⾰ߢ޽ߞߚߎߣߪ
߶ࠎߣ߁ߦ࡜࠶ࠠ࡯ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬㐳޿ᱧผࠍ߽ߟㆫ⒖㊄ዻ㉄ൻ‛ߩ⎇ⓥߦ߅޿ߡ‫ߦ⌀ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿‛⾰ߦ಴ળ߃ࠆᯏળߪᏗߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 1 αࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕ㉄ൻ‛Cd2Re2O7 Ꮐ ߣβࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕ
㉄ ൻ ‛ AOs2O6 ߩ ⚿ ᥏ ᭴ ㅧฝ ‫౎ޕ‬㕙૕ߪ ReO6 ߹ߚߪ
OsO6 ࠍ⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬㕍⃿ߪ Cd‫ޔ‬᳓⦡⃿ߪ㉄⚛‫࡝ࠞ࡞ࠕߪ⃿✛ޔ‬㊄ዻේሶ Cs‫ޔ‬Rb‫ޔ‬K ࠍ⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬ߎߩᣂ‛⾰ߦฬ೨ࠍઃߌࠆߦ޽ߚߞߡ‫ޔ‬‫߁޿ߣޠࠕࡠࠢࡀ࡛ޟ‬߽᩺಴ߐࠇߚ߇‫ߣ޿ߥࠇߊߡߞ૶߽⺕ޔ‬࿎ࠆߩߢࠝ࡯࠰࠼࠶
ࠢࠬߥβߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨ‫☨ޔ‬Ỉำ߇૞ߞߚ KOs2O6 ߩ 1mm ⒟ᐲߩᄢ߈ߥන⚿᥏ K-729㧔࿑ 2‫ޔ‬૞ߞߚᓟߦ߶ߞߡ޽ߞߚ
ߩࠍጊᶆ᳁߇଻ሽߒߡߊࠇߡ޿ߚ㧕ߪ‫ޔ‬ᒝ⚿ว⿥વዉ߿࡜࠶࠻࡝ࡦࠣߣߘࠇߦ⛊ࠎߛ⋧ォ⒖ߩ⎇ⓥߦᄢ޿ߦᓎ┙ߞߚ‫ޕ‬

࿑ 2  ☨ Ỉ ૞ KOs2O6 න ⚿ ᥏ K-729‫ޕ‬㧔Ꮐ㧕ߣ㐳የ૞ CsOs2O6 න⚿᥏㧔ฝ㧕ߤߜࠄ߽ 1mm ⒟ᐲߩᄢ߈ߐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

15ߘߩᓟߩጊᶆ᳁‫ޔ‬㐳የำߩദജߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ᄢ߈ߐߩ⦟⾰ߥ⚿᥏ߪᓧࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫☨ޟޕ‬Ỉࡑࠫ࠶ࠢ‫ߣޠ‬๭߫ࠇߚᓐߩวᚑᚻᴺߪ੹߿વ⺑ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⚻ޔߛߚޕ‬㛎⊛ߦಽ߆ߞߡ߈ߚߎߣߪ‫᧦ߣࠎ߾ߜޔ‬ઙࠍ᛼ߐ߃㧔ߚߟ߽ࠅߢ㧕ৼካߦวᚑߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠇ߫ߔࠆ߶ߤߢ߈ߥ޿ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧔ታ㛎ߦߪࠃߊ޽ࠆߎߣߛ߇㧕‫☨ޕ‬Ỉࡑࠫ࠶ࠢߩ࠲ࡀࠍតߔ
ദജߪ੹ߢ߽⛯ߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߩઁޕ‬Cs‫ޔ‬Rb ㉄ൻ‛ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㐳የำߩദജߦࠃߞߡᭂ߼ߡ⦟⾰ߥ⚿᥏߇૞ࠄࠇ㧔࿑ 2㧕‫ޔ‬․ߦ Cs ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ‛᧚ᯏ᭴ߩኹ᎑᳁ߦࠃࠅ࠼ࡂ࡯ࠬ࡮ࡈࠔࡦࠕ࡞ࡈࠚࡦലᨐߩ᷹߽ⷰⴕࠊࠇߚ‫ޕ‬βࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕ㉄ൻ‛ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߪ⃻࿷‫ޔ‬ጊᶆ᳁ߣዊᬮำߦࠃࠅᒁ߈⛮߇ࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ߦࠄߐޔ‬㕙⊕޿‛ℂ߇⷗߃ᆎ߼ߡ޿ࠆ߇‫߈ᦠޔ‬಴ߔߣ㐳ߊߥࠆߩߢ߿߼ࠆ‫ޕ‬ዊᬮำ‫⚿޿߆ߢޔ‬᥏ࠍࠃࠈߒߊ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫ޔ‬㐳የำ‫ޔ‬ጟᧄ᳁ߦࠃࠅᰴߥࠆβࡄࠗࡠࠢࡠࠕ㉄ൻ‛ CsW2O6 ߦߟ޿ߡ߽⎇ⓥ߇ㅴⴕਛߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㄭ޿߁ߜߦߤߎ߆ߢ⊒⴫ߐࠇࠆߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬߽߁৻ߟߩ‛⾰ត⚝ߩᩇߪࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࠻♽ࠬࡇࡦൻว‛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᢙᐕ೨߹ߢߪ⎇ⓥળߢࠬࡇࡦ♽ߩᣂߒ޿‛⾰ߩ⹤ࠍߔࠆߚ߮ߦ‫ࠆ޽ޔ‬ർߩᣇߩᄢቇߩ M వ↢߆ࠄ‫ߪࠇߘޟ‬㔚᳇߇ᵹࠇ߹ߔ߆㧫‫⾰ߣޠ‬໧ߐࠇߡ㧔߽ߜࠈࠎߎࠎߥ⾰໧ࠍߐ
ࠇࠆߩߪℂ⺰ኅߢ޽ࠆ㧕‫ߣࠆߔ߃╵߅ߣޠ߃޿޿ޟޔ‬ᖤߒߘ߁ߥ㗻ࠍߐࠇߡ⪭ߜㄟࠎߛ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ㧔߽ߜࠈࠎ⑳߇㧕‫ߒޕ‬߆ߒᦨㄭߢߪࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦ㑐ߔࠆᎹ᧛․ቯ㗔ၞ⎇ⓥ߇┙ߜ਄߇ߞߚߎߣ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬એ೨ࠃࠅߪᄢᚻࠍᝄߞߡࠬࡇࡦ
♽ߩ⹤߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚࠃ߁ߦᗵߓࠆ‫ߣ߰ޔࠄ߇ߥ߈ᦠߣޕ‬ᕁ޿ᒰߚߞߚߩߛ߇‫⿥ࠕࡠࠢࡠࠗࡄޔ‬વዉߩ⎇ⓥࠍᆎ߼
ߚߩ߽ߎߩࡊ࡟࠶ࠪࡖ࡯ߩ߅㒶ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬M వ↢ߦߪᔃ߆ࠄᗵ⻢ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⃻࿷‫⾰‛ߩ♽ࡦࡇࠬޔ‬ត⚝ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆߩߪඳ჻⺖⒟ 3 ᐕߩศ↰⚔ⴕำߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐߪࠪࡘ࠷࠶࠷ࠟ࡞࠻ߩࡑ࠶ࠢࠬࡊ
࡜ࡦࠢ⎇ⓥᚲߩ Jansen ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ߇⷗ߟߌߚ㌁ߣ࠾࠶ࠤ࡞ߩ 2 ᰴర㉄ൻ‛ Ag2NiO2㧔࿑ 3㧕ߦ⌕⋡ߒ‫ ࡦࡇࠬޔ‬1/2 ਃⷺᩰሶൻว‛ߣߒߡ਎ߦㅍࠅ಴ߒߚ‫ ߡߒߣߌ߆ߞ߈ࠍࠇߎޔߦࠄߐޕ‬2006 ᐕ⑺ߩ 3 ࡩ᦬ࠍ Jansen ᢎ᝼ߩ⎇ⓥቶߢㆊߏߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߘߎߢ⎇ⓥࠍᆎ߼ߚ㑐ㅪ‛⾰ Ag2MnO2 ߪࠬࡇࡦ 2 ߩฎౖࠬࡇࡦਃⷺᩰሶ♽ߢ޽ࠅ‫↱⥄ߩ࡯ࠖ࠹࡝࡜ࠗࠞޔ‬ᐲߦ㑐ଥߔࠆߣᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ⋧ォ⒖ࠍ⷗಴ߒߚ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐߪㄭ‫ޘ‬JPSJ ߦ಴ ߐࠇࠆ‫ᦨߦࠄߐޕ‬ㄭߢߪ‫ ࡦࡇࠬޔ‬1/2 ࠞࠧࡔᩰሶ‛⾰ߢ޽㧚㧚ࠆ volborthite ߩ⦟⾰⹜ᢱ૞⵾ߦᚑഞߒ‫ࡦࡇࠬߩߘޔ‬ᶧ૕⊛ߥၮᐩ⁁ᘒߦ⏛႐⺃⿠ߩ㊂ሶ⋧ォ⒖㧔㧫㧕߇ⶄᢙ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ
⊒⷗ߒߚ‫⎇ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ⓥߪ᭏ේ⎇‫ޔ‬ᓼ᳗⎇‫ޔ‬㊄㆏⎇ߣߩ౒ห⎇ⓥߩᚑᨐߢ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ㄭ޿߁ߜߦ⊒⴫ߐࠇࠆߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ታ㓙ߦ૗߇⿠ߎߞߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ਇ᣿ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ࠄ߿ߦߥޔ‬㕙⊕޿ߎߣ߇⿠ߎߞߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߩᄢ޿ߥࠆᭉߒߺߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

࿑ 3 Ag2NiO2 ߹ߚߪ Ag2MnO2 ߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧ㧔Ꮐ㧕ߣ volborthite ߩࠞࠧࡔᩰሶ㧔ฝ㧕
‫ޕ‬Ꮐ࿑ߩ✛⃿ߪ Ag‫ ߪ⃿⿒ޔ‬Ni/Mn‫ޔ‬᳓⦡⃿ߪ㉄⚛ේሶ‫ޕ‬ฝ࿑ߢߪ⿒޿౎㕙૕ߩਛᔃߦ޽ࠆ Cu2+ࠗࠝࡦ߇ࠬࡇࡦ 1/2 ࠍᜬߞߡዋߒᱡ
ࠎߛࠞࠧࡔᩰሶࠍ૞ࠆ‫ࡔࠧࠞߪ⦡✛ޕ‬㕙ࠍ❬ߋ V5+ߩᩇߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬‫!̲͛ͬ͘ͅڠا‬ᣂ‛⾰ត⚝ߪ⏕߆ߦ㕙⊕޿߇‫߽ߟ޿ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿߽ߩ߇ォ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿‫ߦ⌀ޔ߆߁޿ߣޕ‬ᣂߒ޿߽ߩߦᎼࠅળ
߁ᯏળߪᭂ߼ߡᏗߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߡߞࠃޕ‬ᣢߦ⷗ߟߌࠄࠇߚ‛⾰ߢᚒ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߤߦޘ‬ነਈ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߆߽⠨߃ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬ߘߩ৻ߟߩ଀߇ NaxCoO2 ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߪ⾰‛ߩߎޕ‬᳓౉ࠅߢ⿥વዉߦߥࠆᄌࠊࠅ‛ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬᳓ήߒߩ‛ᕈ߽࡙࠾࡯ࠢߢ⥝๧߇ᜬߚࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬໧㗴ߪ Na ⚵ᚑࠍ߈ߜࠎߣ೙ᓮߔࠆߎߣ߇㔍ߒ޿ߎߣߣ Na ߩⷙೣ㈩೉߇‛ᕈߦᄢ߈ߊᓇ㗀ߔࠆߎߣߢ
޽ࠆ‫ޔߡߞࠃޕ‬ༀⓍำߣ⷏የำߪ᧛ጟ᳁‫ޔ‬ጟᧄ᳁ߣߣ߽ߦ࿕૕ൻቇ⊛ߥᚻᴺߢ Na ㊂ࠍ߈ߜࠎߣ೙ᓮߒߚ‫ⷙޔߟ߆ޔ‬ೣ㈩೉ൻࠍ᛼ߐ߃ߚ⹜ᢱࠍ૞ߞߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ㄭߩ⷏የำߩ⚿ᨐߢߪ‫ޔ‬x ߇ 0.62 ޽ߚࠅߢ㛳ߊߴ߈ߎߣߦ 0.001 એਅߩ⚵ᚑᄌൻߢ‛16ᕈ߇഍⊛ߦᄌൻߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫ ߪࠇߎޕ‬NaxCoO2 ߩ․⇣ߥࡃࡦ࠼᭴ㅧࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ޿ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫߼ߓ߹ߣࠎ߾ߜޕ‬ߦ૞ࠇ߫‫ޕࠆ޽߽ߢߣߎࠆ߈ߢߘߎࠄ߆ߛ⾰‛ߩࠢ࡞ࡃޕࠆ޽߽⾰‛ࠆࠇߊߡ߃╵ߣࠎ߾ߜޔ‬ถ྄͂࢕!
ᨰ⒖ォࠍᯏߦ᧛ጟ᳁ࠍਛᔃߣߒߡᣂߚߦ᜸ᚢࠍᆎ߼ߚߩ߇⭯⤑ߩ઀੐ߢ޽ߞߚ‫߽ߦ⺕ޕ‬⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ታߪ⑳ߩඳ჻⺰ᢥߩ࠹࡯ࡑߪੱᎿ⿥ᩰሶ⭯⤑ߢ޽ߞߚ㧔޽߹ࠅᕁ޿಴ߒߚߊߥ޿߇㧕‫ߚߒߣ߰ޕ‬ᕁ޿ߟ߈ߢ߹ߚ⭯⤑ࠍᆎ߼ࠆߎߣ
ߦߥߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᐘ޿ߦ߽᧛ጟ᳁߇㒋ᄢߢ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ࠕࡉ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦࠃࠆ⭯⤑૞⵾ߩ⚻㛎߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬VO2 ߿ V2O3 ࠍ⊹ಾࠅߦMn‫ޔ‬Cu‫ޔ‬Sn ㉄ൻ‛߿᦭ᯏ‛⭯⤑ߦ߹ߢᚻࠍિ߫ߔߎߣߣߥߞߚ‫઀ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬੐ߦߪ☨Ỉำ‫᧻᧛ޔ‬᳁‫ޔ‬ጊᶆ᳁‫↰ޔ‬ਭ଻᳁߇ෳടߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ․ޕ‬ᓟඨߩ⎇ⓥߪ pn ធวᒻᚑࠍⴕ޿‫⚡ޔ‬ᄖ✢ᾖ኿ߦࠃࠆ⭯⤑ߩࠠࡖ࡝ࠕỚᐲ೙ᓮࠍ⋡ᜰߒߚ߽ߩ
㧔శࠠࡖ࡝ࠕᵈ౉㧕ߣߥࠅ‫ޔ‬ᔕ↪⎇ⓥ⊛ߥⷐ⚛߽฽߹ࠇߡ޿ߡ㓐ಽᣂߒ޿ߎߣࠍീᒝߒߚ㧔ߖߑࠆࠍᓧߥ߆ߞߚ㧕‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨߪ⚿᭴⥝ᅗߒߡߺࠎߥߢ㗎ᒛߞߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᱷᔨߥ߇ࠄᦼᓙ߶ߤߩᚑᨐߪᓧࠄࠇߕ‫ޔ‬ዥߔ߷ߺߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⭯⤑⎇ⓥߩ㔍ߒߐߪ⛘ኻ⊛ߦ⹜ᢱߩ㊂߇ዋߥ޿ߎߣߦ޽ࠆ‫⇇߿⤑⭯ޕ‬㕙ߪ 2 ᰴరߢ޽ࠆߩߢߎࠇߪ޿߆ࠎߣ߽ߒ߇ߚ
޿‫ޕ‬㊂߇ዋߥ޿ߎߣߪ⛔⸘⊛ߥំࠄ߉ࠍ↢ߺ‫⹜ޔ‬ᢱ૞⵾ߩౣ⃻ᕈࠍᖡߊߔࠆ‫⹏ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ଔᣇᴺߩ೙㒢߆ࠄ‫⚿ߥ࡯ࠕ࡝ࠢޔ‬⺰ࠍዉߊߩߦߒ߫ߒ߫࿎㔍ࠍ઻߁‫ޟ⪲⸒ߩ࡝࠙ࡄޕ‬࿕૕ߪ␹ߩ‫⴫ޔ‬㕙ߪᖡ㝷ߩഃㅧ‛‫ߛ↱⥄ߪ߆ࠆߔ㉼⸃ߦ߁ࠃߩߤࠍޠ‬߇‫ߦࡑ࡯࠹ࠍ⤑⭯ޔ‬ਈ߃ࠄࠇߚቇ↢ߪߒࠎߤ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߘߎࠄ߆ߛޔࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬㕙⊕޿ߎߣ߇㓝ߐࠇߡ޿ߡ߿ࠅ߇޿߇޽
ࠆߣ޿߁ߴ߈ߥߩߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬㧚㧚㧚㧚⃻࿷ߪ㢬Ꮞำ߇ߘߩ⿥࡙࠾࡯ࠢߥ୘ᕈࠍ⊒ើߒߡ YBCO ⿥⭯⤑ߩ⿥વዉᕈߦߟ޿ߡ⿥⿧⊛ߥ⎇ⓥࠍⴕ޿ߟߟ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
STO ߩ⴫㕙ࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߦ⛊ࠎߛ㕙⊕޿⃻⽎߇⷗߃ᆎ߼ߡ޿ࠆߩߢ੹ᓟߩዷ㐿ߦᦼᓙߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ΑάΦȜΘσࢥ‫!ڠ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ޿޿ടᷫߥࡀ࡯ࡒࡦࠣࠍߒߡᆎ߼ߚ⎇ⓥ߇ VO2-TiO2 ♽ߩࠬࡇࡁ࡯࠳࡞ಽ⸃ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㊄ዻг⛘✼૕ォ⒖ࠍ␜ߔᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ♽ߩ VO2 ߣࡢࠗ࠼ࠡࡖ࠶ࡊඨዉ૕ߩ TiO2 ࠍᷙߗߚࠄ૗߇⿠ߎࠆ߆‫⸒ߩߎߦߺߥߜޕࠆ޽ߢޔ‬⪲ࠍࡀ࠶࠻ߢᬌ⚝ߔࠆߣ߁ߜߩ HP ߒ߆ᒁߞ߆߆ࠄߥ޿㧔ߟ߹ࠅ⺕߽૶ߞߡ޿ߥ޿㧕‫⎇ߩߎޕ‬ⓥߪ߽ߣ߽ߣ਄↰ኡ⎇ߢⴕࠊࠇߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ㅦ᳓ำ‫ޔ‬ศ↰ᔀำߩୃ჻⺰ᢥ࠹࡯ࡑߣߒߡᒁ߈⛮޿ߛ‫࡞࠳࡯ࡁࡇࠬޕ‬ಽ⸃ߪೋᦼቝቮ߆ࠄ㊄ዻ‫㉄ޔ‬ൻ‛‫ߢ߹࡯࠲ࡑ࠻ࡈ࠰ޔ‬᏷ᐢ޿♽ߦ߅޿ߡ⿠ߎࠆ৻⥸⊛ߥ⋧ಽ㔌⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠅቇ໧⊛ߦ߽⥝๧ᷓ޿߇‫ࠍࠇߎޔ‬૗ࠄ߆ߩᔕ↪
ߦ૶߃ߥ޿߆ߣ޿߁ߩ߽ߜࠂߞߣߒߚㆆ߮ᔃߢ޽ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬ᐕ 3 ᦬ߦතᬺߒ‫ޔ‬ᢥ⑼⋭ߦ౉ߞߚศ↰ำߪᄢ߈ߥන⚿᥏ࠍ૞⵾ߒ‫࡞࠳࡯ࡁࡇࠬޔ‬ಽ⸃ߦ⿠࿃ߒߚ㔚᳇ᛶ᛫ߩᄢ߈ߥ⇣ᣇᕈࠍ⷗಴ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᨐߚߒߡߎࠇࠍߤ߁ᄁࠅ಴ߘ߁߆ᕁ᩺ਛߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ޭ͛̀ड߃͈დఴȂഘ៱ள಼ഥ൵!
2008 ᐕೋ߼߆ࠄᄢ߈ߥ⹤㗴ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㋕⎆⚛⿥વዉ૕㧔࿑ 4㧕ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬
6 ᦬⃻࿷‫ޔ‬਎⇇ਛߢടㅦᐲ⊛ߦ⎇ⓥ߇ㅴⴕߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⚦ޕ‬㊁᳁ߩ╙৻ႎ߆ࠄᣢߦ
ශ೚ߐࠇߚ⺰ᢥ߽ᄙߊ‫ޔ‬cond-mat ߦ⥋ߞߡߪᢙ߃ࠆ᳇ߦ߽ߥࠄߥ޿‫ᦨߦ․ޕ‬ㄭߪᔕ↪㑐ଥߩ⺰ᢥ߽Ⴧ߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ ߢࠆ߹ޕ‬20 ᐕ೨ࠍᓌᓓߣߐߖࠆዷ㐿ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ߦ߆ࠆߪࠅࠃࠇߘޔ‬௑߈߇ᕆߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠍ⁁⃻ߢߎߎޕ‬ಽᨆߒߡ߽઀ᣇ߇ߥ޿ߩ
ߢ⋧ᄌࠊࠄߕࠦࡔࡦ࠻ࠍዋ‫ޔࠎߐ⊝ޕޘ‬ൻቇᑼߪ LnFeAsO ࠍ૶޿߹ߒࠂ߁‫ޕ‬Უ‛⾰ߪߎߩࠃ߁ߦ᣿ࠄ߆ߢ޿޿߇‫ޔ‬F ࠍ⟎឵ߒߚࠅ‫⚛㉄ޔ‬ᰳ៊ࠍዉ౉ߒߡ⿥
વዉߦߒߚߣ߈ߩൻቇᑼߪ߆ߥࠅᓸᅱߢ޽ࠆ‫⟎ޕ‬឵ߒߡ޿ࠆߪߕߩ F ㊂ࠍታ㛎⊛ߦ᳿ቯߔࠆߩߪ㕖Ᏹߦ㔍ߒ޿‫ߦ࠻ࠗࠨ⚛㉄ߦࠄߐޕ‬ᰳ៊߇౉ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇㜞޿ߩߢ‫ޔ‬O1-xFx ߣᦠߊߩ߽ෂ㒾ߢ޽ࠆ㧔ߎࠇߪᰳ៊߇ߥ޿ߎߣࠍ೨ឭߦߒߡ޿
ࠆ㧕‫⺰ޔ߿ߡߒ߹ޕ‬ᢥߩ㗴⋡ߦ޽߿߰߿⚵ᚑᑼ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޔ‬NdFeAsO0.82F0.18 ߥߤߣᐔ᳇ߢᦠߊੱ߇޿ࠆߩߪ㛳߈ߛ‫‛߽߁ߤޕ‬ℂደߪൻቇᑼࠍߥ޿߇ߒࠈߦߒ
ߔ߉ࠆ‫ޕ‬ൻቇደ߇⚵ᚑᑼߦߎߛࠊࠆߩߪ‫‛ޔ‬ℂደ߇ࡂࡒ࡞࠻࠾ࠕࡦߩਛりࠍ᳇ߦߔࠆߩߣหߓߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ᤨ⃻ޕ‬ὐߢᦨ߽ᅷᒰߥൻቇᑼߪ‫ޔ‬LnFeAs(O,F)1-x
ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ ߪࠇߎޕ‬O ߣ F ߇㉄⚛ࠨࠗ࠻ߦ⛔⸘⊛ߦಽᏓߒ‫ ߩߜ߁ߩߘޔ‬x ߇ᰳ

࿑ 4 ㋕⎆⚛⿥વዉ૕ LnFeAs(O,F)1-x ߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧ‫ޕ‬᩶⃿ߩ㋕ේሶ߇ 2 ᰴరᱜᣇᩰሶࠍ
૞ࠅ‫ޔ‬਄ਅߦ⚡⃿ߩ As ේሶ߇㈩૏ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬✛⃿ߪ࡜ࡦ࠲ࡁࠗ࠼ේሶ‫ޔ‬᳓⦡⃿ߪ O ߹
ߚߪ F ߹ߚߪᰳ៊ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬17៊ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆ‫ ࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬F ߇฽߹ࠇߡ޿ߥߌࠇ߫ LnFeAsO1-x ߣߔࠇ߫ࠃ޿‫ޕ‬ൻቇᑼߪ‛⾰ߩᱜᑼฬ⒓ߥߩߢ‫ߩߢ࠻࠶ࡀߣ޿ߥߒ৻⛔ࠅ߆ߞߒࠍࠇߎޔ‬ᬌ⚝ߦ߽ᡰ㓚߇↢ߓࠆ‫⚵ߦ․ޕ‬ᚑ߇ታ㛎⊛ߦ᣿⏕ߢ޽ࠅ‫․߇ࠇߘޔ‬೎ߥᗧ๧ࠍᓙߚߥ޿㒢ࠅߪ‫ߥ⊛⥸৻ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ᑼࠍ↪޿ࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫᦭ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ฬߥ YBa2Cu3O7- δ ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޕ‬ߐߡ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޔ‬ᄢ߈ߥ⊒⷗߇޽ߞߚߣ߈⺕ߢ߽ㅅ߁ߩߪ‫ޔ‬හᐳߦෳ౉ߔࠆ߆‫ߊࠄ߫ߒߢ߹ߊ⌕ߜ⪭ޔ‬ᓙߟ߆‫ߊోޔ‬ⰆᏭߩᄖߦ޿ࠆ߆ߛࠈ߁‫߽ߡߣޕ‬㔍ߒ޿ㆬᛯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩޘ‬ዊⷙᮨ⎇ⓥቶߢߪᣂ‛⾰ࠍ߿ߞߡవⴕㅏߍಾࠅߢ޿߈
ߚ޿ߩߢ‫߫ࠇ߈ߢޔ‬ᓟㅊ޿ࠍߔࠆߩߪㆱߌߚ޿㧔┹㚍ߣߪ㆑߁㧕‫ߊోޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬⍮ࠄࠎ߲ࠅߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߽ᶷߒ޿‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥߪ
ߺࠎߥߢ߿ࠆߣ⋓ࠅ਄߇ߞߡᭉߒ޿߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߦ߆⏕ߪࠕࡠࠢࡠࠗࡄޕ‬㕙⊕޿߇‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߦ߿ߞߡ޿ࠆੱ߇ዋߥ޿ߩߢ੹৻
⋓ࠅ਄߇ࠅߦᰳߌࠆߩ߽੐ታߛ‫ޔߢߌࠊ߁⸒ߣޕ‬ጟᧄ᳁ߣ M1 ߩႦᧄำ߇ߘࠇߥࠅߦวᚑࠍᆎ߼ߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ߎޔࠅߪ߿ޔ‬ߩ‛⾰‫ߥࠈ޿ࠈ޿ߪ⟲⾰‛߆߁޿ߣޔ‬ᗧ๧ߢߥ߆ߥ߆㕙⊕ߘ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫⚿ޕ‬᭴‫ޔ‬ᅏ߇ᷓ޿߆߽⍮ࠇߥ޿‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߩዷ㐿ߦᦼᓙߒࠃ߁‫ޕ‬
̷͈ఈȂॠۜ!
ᚒ߇⎇ⓥቶ߇╙ 1 ⋡ᮡߦឝߍߡ߈ߚߩߪቶ᷷⿥વዉ߳ߩ᜸ᚢߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㌃㉄ൻ‛ߩ Tc=160K ࠍ⿥߃ࠆ‛⾰ࠍ⷗ߟߌߚ޿‫ޕ‬ߢ߽‫ޔߢߩ߁߹ߒߡߞߥߊߥ߇ߣߎ߈ߴࠆ߿ߣ߁߹ߒߡߌߟ⷗ޔ‬ขࠅ޽߃ߕ‫ߩߘޔ‬ㆊ⒟ߢ Tc ߪૐߊߡ߽㕙⊕޿⿥વዉ૕
ࠍ⷗಴ߒߚ޿‫⋡⚳ᦨޕ‬ᮡࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߩߪㅌ⡯ߔࠆ㗃߇ㆡᒰ߆㧔ߘࠎߥㇺวߩ⦟޿⹤ߪ޽ࠅᓧߥ޿߇㧕‫߇ߥߒ߆ߒޔߡߐޕ‬ࠄᦨㄭಾߦᗵߓࠆߎߣߪ‫⿥ࠅ߲ߞߤߦࠅ߹޽ޔ‬વዉត⚝ߦᶐߞߡ޿ࠆߣ૗߽ᣂߒ޿߽ߩߪ⷗ߟ߆ࠄߥ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ޿
߁ᕟࠇߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬NaxCoO2 ߦ᳓ࠍ౉ࠇߡ⿥વዉߦߥࠆߥߤߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ᳿ߒߡᬺ⇇ੱߦߪᕁ޿ઃ߆ߥ޿‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩ㋕⎆⚛⿥વዉ૕߽ㅘ᣿㔚ᭂߥߤߩ઀੐ࠍߒߡ߈ߚࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߩᚑᨐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬਎ߩᏱߣߒߡ‫߇߆ߚߪߣߎࠆ߈ߢߡߞ⁓ޔ‬⍮ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ಽ㊁ᄖߩੱ߇߿ߞߚߣ߈ߦೋ߼ߡᄢ߈ߥ⊒⷗߇↢߹ࠇࠆߩߛࠈ߁‫߁ߎޕ‬⠨߃ࠆߣᖤⷰ⊛ߦߥߞߡߒ߹߁߇‫ޔ‬ㅒߦ⥄ಽ߇೎
ߩಽ㊁ߩߎߣࠍ߿ࠆߴ߈ߛߣ⠨߃ߚᣇ߇ࠃ޿ߩ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫‛ߩ࡝ࡃ࡝ࡃ߽ߡߞ⸒ߪߣޕ‬ℂߪߢ߈ߥ޿ߩߢ߿ߪࠅ‛⾰วᚑߢ޽ࠆ߇‫⋡ޔ‬ᜰߔ⃻⽎ߪᄙ᭽ߦ޽ࠈ߁‫ߡߒߣੱ⚛ߤޕ‬૗߆ᣂߒ޿ಽ㊁ߩ⎇ⓥߦ࠻࡜ࠗߒߡߺߚ޿ߣᗵߓࠆ੹ᣣߎߩ㗃ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬਄↰๺ᄦవ↢ߦߎߩ⹤ࠍߒߚࠄ‫ޔ‬Ფᐕ౉ߞߡߊࠆቇ↢ߐࠎ߇⎇ⓥቶߦᣂߒ޿㘑ࠍ๭߮ㄟࠎߢߊࠇࠆߩߢߪ‫ࠇࠊ⸒ߣޔ‬ߚ‫ߩߘߦ߆⏕ޕ‬ㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ర᳇ߥቇ↢ߐࠎߣ૗߆ᣂߒ޿‛⾰ត⚝ࠍᆎ߼ߚ޿߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ːȅ૽୆!
⑳੐ߦߥࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕᄐߦߪ৻㛍േ޽ߞߡᄙߊߩ⊝ߐࠎߦᔃ㈩ߣㅅᖺࠍដߌߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᯏળࠍ୫ࠅߡ߅⹟߮ࠍ↳ߒ਄ߍߚ޿‫ߩߎ߇⑳ޕ‬਎߆ࠄᶖ߃ࠆߣ⎇ⓥቶ߽޿ߕࠇᶖṌߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ዊߐ޿ߥ߇ࠄ߽਎Ꮺߩ㐳ߣߒߡߩ⽿છࠍౣ⹺⼂ߒߚᰴ╙ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ˑḙ̥̏ͦͣ!
ߐߡ‫⧯߽⑳ޔ‬ᚻߛߣᕁߞߡ޿ࠆ߁ߜߦ‛ᕈ⎇ᚲຬߩᐔဋᐕ㦂ࠍ⿥߃ߡߒ߹ߞߚ㧔ߚ߱ࠎ㧕‫ޕ‬න⚐ߦ↢߈ᑧ߮ߚߣߔࠆߣ
㧔߽߁ੑᐲߣࡧࠚࡀ࠷ࠖࠕߦⴕ߆ߥߌࠇ߫㧕ቯᐕ߹ߢᓟ 18 ᐕߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠍࠇߎޕ‬㐳޿ߣᕁ߁߆⍴޿ߣᕁ߁߆ߪᓸᅱߛ߇‫߹ޔ‬ߛዋߒ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߩ߇ታᗵߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᱷߐࠇߚᤨ㑆ߩਛߢ૗ࠍߥߔߴ߈߆ࠍ⠨߃ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ర᧪޿޿ടᷫߥᕈᩰ
ߥߩߢ⏕ߚࠆዷᦸ߽ߥ޿‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬೨ߦ߽ᦠ޿ߚࠃ߁ߦ૗ࠇߪ૗߆ోߊᣂߒ޿ಽ㊁ߩ઀੐ߦ߽᜸ᚢߒߡߺߚ޿ߣᕁ߁‫ߢޕ‬߈ࠇ߫ੱ᭽ߩᓎߦ┙ߟߎߣࠍ߿ࠅߚ޿‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߣ⡞߆ࠇߡ߽╵߃ࠄࠇߥ޿߇‫ߩ߆ߎߤߦߜ߁ߩߘޔ‬ᅚ␹߇ᨉ߽ߣߦ┙ߞߡᢎ߃ߡߊࠇࠆߛࠈ߁‫ޕ‬‛ᕈ⎇ߪߎࠇ߆ࠄߤ߁ᄌࠊߞߡ޿ߊߩߛࠈ߁߆‫ߊోޔߪߚ߹ޕ‬ᄌࠊࠄߕߦߎߩ߹߹‛ᕈ‛ℂߩ₺㆏ࠍㅴࠎߢ޿ߌࠆߩߛ
ࠈ߁߆‫ޕ‬ᤓᐕ‫ޔ‬50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨᑼౖߦ߅޿ߡ߅ੑੱߩవ↢߇߅ߞߒ߾ߞߚ⸒⪲߇㗡ࠍࠃ߉ࠆ‫ᧄୖޕ‬వ↢ߩ‫ޟ‬The very best,or one of the best‫ޟߦޠ‬ᡷ㕟⠪ߚࠆᱵᢎ⠪‫⑺ߣޠ‬శవ↢ߩ‫ߣߞ߽ޟ‬ᶉẂਥ⟵ࠍ‫ޕࠆ޽ߢޠ‬ᱵᢎ⠪ߦߪߥࠅߚߊߥ޿߇‫ޔ‬ฎౖਥ⟵ߦ㒱ࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ᶉẂࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ㗎ᒛࠅߚ޿‫ޕ‬ᦨᓟ߹ߢ⺒ࠎߢ޿ߚߛ޿ߚᣇ‫੹ޕߔ߹޿ߑߏ߁ߣ߇ࠅ޽ޔ‬ᓟߣ߽ᚒ߇⎇ⓥቶࠍ᷷߆޿⋡ߢ⷗቞ߞߡ޿ߚߛߌ߹ߔࠃ߁߅
㗿޿↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬18ࡄ‫ݪ‬৒̺ͤ͢!

ಿ౓୼ࡄ‫ݪ‬৒΢ΦΑΉȜσ໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬໐࿝! ! ಿ౓୼! ࢨဎ!
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ˍȅ͉̲͛ͅġ 㐳⼱Ꮉ⎇ⓥቶߪ‫ޔ‬1999 ᐕ 5 ᦬ߦ⊒⿷ߒ‫ ߿ߪޔ‬9 ᐕ⋡ࠍㄫ߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫⿛ޕ‬ᩏ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞㗼ᓸ㏜㧔STM㧕߿ේሶ㑆ജ㗼ᓸ㏜
㧔AFM㧕ߥߤࠍ㚟૶ߒ‫⴫ޔ‬㕙ේሶ᭴ㅧ߿⴫㕙਄ߢߩ࠽ࡁ᭴ㅧߦ⿠࿃ߒߚዪᚲ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬1999
ᐕᐲߪ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ౐ᧄᧁᤨઍߩᦨᓟᐕߢ‫ޔ‬ᐘ޿ߦߒߡᨰ⒖ォߩ‫ޟ‬ᓮ೑⋉‫ޔࠅ߆ߕ޽ߦޠ‬ૐ᷷ STM ⵝ⟎㧔⿥㜞⌀ⓨ࡮ᶧ૕ࡋ࡝࠙ࡓ಄ළ࡮11T㧕߿ AFM ⵝ⟎㧔⿥㜞⌀ⓨ㧕ߥߤࠍᢛ஻ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥቶߦ߅ߌࠆ⃻࿷ߩਥജⵝ⟎ߪ‫ࠇߎޔ‬ࠄߩ 2 ⵝ⟎ߦട߃ߡ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇᛛⴚᝄ⥝ᯏ᭴ߐ߈߇ߌ⎇ⓥߢᢛ஻ߒߚૐ᷷ STM ⵝ⟎㧔⿥㜞⌀ⓨ࡮ࡋ࡝࠙ࡓ 3 ಄ළ࡮7T㧕ߢ޽ࠆ‫ᧄޕ‬Ⓜߢߪߎࠇࠄߩⵝ⟎ߦࠃࠆ㗼ᓸ㏜௝ࠍਛᔃߦᚒ‫⎇ߩޘ‬ⓥቶߢߩᵴേࠍ⚫੺ߒߚ޿‫‛ޔ߽⟎ⵝߩࠇߕ޿ޕ‬ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ
A ᫟࿾ਅ A02627 ภቶߦ޽ࠆߩߢ‫⥝ޔ‬๧ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚᣇߪ߅┙ߜነࠅ޿ߚߛߌࠇ߫ߣᕁ߁

ˎȅŔŕŎ ͥ͢ͅ ĳ ষࡓΠϋΥσ໦࢕༹ġ STM ߪ‫࡞ࡀࡦ࠻ޔ‬㔚ᵹࠍ೑↪ߒߡ‫⹜ޔ‬ᢱ⴫㕙ߩේሶ᭴ㅧ߿ࠬ࠹࠶ࡊ࡮ᰳ㒱࡮ๆ⌕‛ߥߤߩࡕ࡞ࡈࠜࡠࠫ࡯‫ߪߦࠄߐޔ‬ߘߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒࠍࠨࡉ࠽ࡁࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߩⓨ㑆ಽ⸃⢻ߢࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߔࠆⵝ⟎ߢ޽ࠆ㧔STM ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⸃⺑⸥੐ߪᄙ‫ޔ߇ࠆ޽ޘ‬వᣣ‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍ⸥ᔨߒߡ಴ ߐࠇߚ‫ޟ‬21 ਎♿ߩ‛⾰⑼ቇ㨪ᦨవ┵߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㨪‫߽ߦޠ‬ዊ᫪వ↢ߦࠃࠆ⸃⺑߇޽ࠆߩߢෳᾖߐࠇߚ޿㧕‫ޕ‬㐳⼱Ꮉ⎇ⓥቶߢߪ‫ߦ․ޔ‬㔚ሶ⁁ᘒಽᏓߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥࠍਛᔃߣߒߡ߅ࠅ‫⴫ޔ‬㕙᭴ㅧߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣ
㧔޿ࠊࠁࠆ STM ௝᷹ቯ㧕ߣหᤨߦ‫ޔ‬ฦὐߢߩ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ಽశߦࠃࠅዪᚲ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒኒᐲ㧔LDOS㧕᷹ቯࠍⴕ߁ 2 ᰴర࠻ࡦࡀ
࡞ಽశᴺࠍ೑↪ߒߚ⎇ⓥࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᣇᴺߦࠃࠅ‫⴫ޔ‬㕙਄ߩછᗧߩࠨࠗ࠻ߢߩ LDOS ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞㧔ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒḰ૏ࠍਛᔃߦᦨᄢr2eV ⒟ᐲߩ▸࿐㧕߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫ޔ‬ಾࠅᣇࠍᄌ߃ߡ‫․ޔ‬ቯߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯࡟ࡌ࡞ߢߩ LDOS ಽᏓ௝ߥߤ߽ᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᣇᴺߢᓧࠄࠇߚ LDOS ௝ࠍ࿑ 1 ߦ␜ߔ‫⹜ޕ‬ᢱߪ Cu ߩ㧔111㧕⴫㕙ߢ‫ࡒ࡞ࠚࡈޔ‬Ḱ૏ㄭறߢߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒኒᐲಽᏓࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ห⴫㕙ߦሽ࿷ߔࠆ࡚ࠪ࠶ࠢ࡟࡯ဳߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ⴫㕙Ḱ૏߇‫⴫ޔ‬㕙਄ߩࠬ࠹࠶ࡊ߿ᰳ㒱ߦᢔੂߐࠇቯ࿷ᵄ
ࠍᒻᚑߒߡ޿ࠆ᭽ሶ߇ߺߡߣࠇࠆ‫⴫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬㕙㔚ሶቯ࿷ᵄߩ⸃ᨆ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶᵄߩᵄᢙ߿ᢔੂᒝᐲ࡮૏⋧ߥߤߐ߹ߑ߹
ߥᖱႎࠍᒁ߈಴ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈‫ޔ‬ታ㓙‫ޔ‬᷹ቯߐࠇߚቯ࿷ᵄߩ
๟ᦼ㧔1.4nm㧕ߪ‫ⷺޔ‬ᐲಽ⸃శ㔚ሶಽశ╬ߢ᷹ቯߐࠇߡ޿
ࠆหḰ૏ߢߩᵄߩ๟ᦼߩඨಽߦ╬ߒ޿ߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታߪ‫ߩߎޔ‬ቯ࿷ᵄ‫ޔ‬㐳⼱Ꮉ߇ IBM ࡢ࠻࠰ࡦ⎇ⓥᚲߦࡐ
ࠬ࠼ࠢߣߒߡ⎇ⓥߒߡ޿ߚ㓙ߦ஧ὼ⷗ߟߌߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ
[1]㧔หᤨᦼߦ IBM ࠕ࡞ࡑ࠺ࡦ⎇ⓥᚲߢ߽⊒⷗ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧕‫ޔ‬ߘߩᓟ‫ޔ‬㐳⼱Ꮉ߇‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ߦ㓹ߞߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚߎߣ߽฽
߼‫ޟߣࠈ޿ࠈ޿ޔ‬ᓮ೑⋉‫ࠍޠ‬ฃߌߚḮߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬15 ᐕㄭߊ⚻ߚ੹ߥ߅‫ߩߘޔ‬๟ࠅߦ߹ߛ̌ߤߓࠂ߁̍߇޿ߥ޿߆ត
ߒ߹ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆᰴ╙ߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᰴ▵ߢߪ‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭ᝝ࠇߚߤ
ߓࠂ߁㧔ᄙዋ‫ޔ‬ዊ߱ࠅߢߪ޽ࠆ߇㧕ߢ޽ࠆ⴫㕙㔚ሶ♽ߦࠃࠆㆤ⭁ലᨐߣࡈ࡝࡯࠺࡞ᝄേߩታⓨ㑆ⷰኤߦߟ޿ߡㅀ
ߴࠆߎߣߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 1㧦Cu(111)㕙਄ߢߩ㔚ሶቯ࿷ᵄ19ˏȅഩঊ೰ह෨͂έςȜΟσ૦൲͈৘ߗ‫ۼ‬۷ख़ŜĳŞġ㊄ዻਛߦ㔚⩄ࠍ⟎ߊߣ‫ޔ‬㔚⩄ߦࠃࠆࠢ࡯ࡠࡦࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߪ㊄ዻ⥄↱㔚ሶಽᏓߩౣ㈩೉ߦࠃࠅᛂߜᶖߐࠇ㧘ዪᚲ⊛ߥࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞߳ߣᄌൻߔࠆ‫ߪ⽎⃻ߩߎޕ‬ㆤ⭁ലᨐߣ๭߫ࠇ‫ޔ‬࿕૕‛ᕈߩၮᧄ⊛ߥ⃻⽎ߩ৻ߟߢ޽ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㔚ሶ♽ߩᔕ╵ࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ♽ߩࡈࠚ࡞ࡒᵄ㐳2 ߩ๟ᦼࠍᜬߟࡈ࡝࡯࠺࡞ᝄേߣ๭߫ࠇࠆࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ᝄേ߇⃻ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ޔߪޘ‬వߦㅀߴߚ㧞ᰴర࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ಽశᴺߦࠃࠅ⴫㕙ߢߩ㕒㔚ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ಽᏓࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆᚻᴺࠍ⷗಴ߒ‫ߚ޿↪ࠍࠇߘޔ‬ๆ⌕ේሶ߿ࠬ࠹࠶ࡊㄭறߢߩࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞᷹ቯ߆ࠄ‫⴫ޔ‬㕙㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߦࠃࠆㆤ⭁ലᨐ߿ࡈ࡝࡯࠺࡞ᝄേߩታⓨ㑆ⷰኤߦᚑഞߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬⚗ࠄࠊߒ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇‫ޟޔ‬STM ߦࠃࠆࡈ࡝࡯࠺࡞ᝄേⷰኤ‫ޔߣ߁޿ߣޠ‬వߦㅀߴߚ㔚ሶቯ࿷ᵄ㧔㔚ሶ⁁ᘒኒᐲߩᝄേ㧕ߩⷰኤࠍᜰߔߎߣ߇ᄙ޿㧔᷹ቯߪቯ࿷ᵄߩ߶߁߇◲න㧕‫࡞࠺࡯࡝ࡈޔ᧪ᧄޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ᝄേ߇ᗧ๧ߔࠆߣߎࠈߪ‫ޔ‬㔚ሶ⁁ᘒኒᐲߢߪߥߊ㕒㔚ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞޽ࠆ޿ߪ㔚⩄ኒᐲߩᝄേ᭴ㅧߢ޽ࠅ‫ߢߎߎޔ‬ㅀߴࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩ߇ᧄ᧪ߩᗧ๧ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⷰኤߦߪ‫ޔ‬㊄ዻ⊛ߥ⴫㕙㔚ሶ⁁ᘒ߇ඨዉ૕ၮ᧼਄ߦሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣߢ⍮ࠄࠇࠆ Si(111) 3 × 3 - Ag ⴫㕙ࠍ↪޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ੑᰴర⊛ߥ㔚ሶ♽߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣߩ⸽Ꮐߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬ห⴫㕙਄ߦߪ㔚ሶቯ࿷ᵄ௝߇ⷰኤߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑ 2㧕‫ޕ‬㕒㔚ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߪ‫ޔ‬ห⴫㕙਄ߩ⴫㕙㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯Ḱ૏ߩࠪࡈ࠻㊂߆ࠄ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆ‫⴫ߪߢߎߎޕ‬㕙਄ߩࠬ࠹࠶
ࡊㄭறߢߩ᷹ቯߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴࠆ‫ߪߦࡊ࠶࠹ࠬޕ‬ㆊ೾ߥ Ag ේሶߩๆ⌕ߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᱜߦᏪ㔚ߒߚ㔚⩄߇৻೉ߦ㈩೉ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ᄌൻ߇ᦼᓙߢ߈ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 3 ߦ␜ߔࠬ࠹࠶ࡊㄭறߢߩ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫⴫ޔ‬㕙㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߦ⿠࿃ߔࠆࡇ࡯ࠢ߇ࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߦㄭߠߊߦߟ
ࠇߡᓢ‫ߦޘ‬ૐࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯஥ߦࠪࡈ࠻ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ࡊ࠶࠹ࠬ߇ࠇߎޕ‬ㄭறߢߩࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ૐਅࠍ␜ߒߡ߅ࠅ‫ࠢ࡯ࡇߩߘޔ‬୯߆
ࠄ࿑ 4 ߦ␜ߔࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߩࡊࡠࡈࠔࠗ࡞߿ಽᏓ௝ࠍᓧߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

࿑ 2 STM ௝㧔਄㧕ߣ LDOS ௝㧔ਅ㧕‫ࡒ࡞ࠚࡈޕ‬Ḱ૏ࠃ
ࠅ਄ 0.3eV ߢߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒኒᐲಽᏓࠍ⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬

࿑ 3 ࿑ 2 ߩ᜛ᄢ࿑ ਄ߣฦࠨ ࠗ࠻ߦ߅ߌࠆ࠻
ࡦࡀ࡞ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞ Ꮐ20ੑᰴర㔚ሶ♽ߦࠃࠆㆤ⭁ߐࠇߚࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߪ‫ߘޔ‬ߩࡈ࡯࡝ࠛᄌ឵ߐࠇߚ㑐ᢙ߇㧔ࡈ࡯࡝ࠛᄌ឵ߐࠇߚ
ࠢ࡯ࡠࡦࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞㧕㧔ੑᰴర㔚ሶ♽ߩ⺃㔚㑐ᢙ㧕ߢ⴫ࠊߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍ೑↪ߒߡ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᑼ߆ࠄ㔚⩄೉ߦኻߔࠆㆤ⭁ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ࠍ᳞߼‫ޔ‬ታ᷹୯ߣࡈࠖ࠶࠹ࠖࡦࠣߒߚࡊࡠࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍታ✢ߢ࿑ 4 ߦឬ޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ታ㛎⚿ᨐߣߩ⦟޿৻⥌߆ࠄ‫ⷰޔ‬᷹ߐࠇߚࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞߇⴫㕙㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߦࠃࠆੑᰴర㔚ሶ♽ߦㆤ⭁ߐࠇߚࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߇⏕⸽ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ‫ޔ‬࿑ 4 ߩࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞࿑ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ‫࠶࠹ࠬޔ‬ࡊߦᴪ߁ࠃ߁ߦᝄേ᭴ㅧ߇ⷰኤߐࠇ‫ߩߘޔ‬๟ᦼ߇㔚ሶ♽ߩࡈࠚ࡞ࡒᵄ㐳2 ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ㧔ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒᵄ㐳ߪ 0V
ߢߩ㔚ሶቯ࿷ᵄ௝߆ࠄ᷹ቯ㧕ߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᝄേ᭴ㅧ߇ࡈ࡝࡯࠺࡞ᝄേߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߣ⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ ࿑ 4 ߩࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ࡊࡠࡈࠔࠗ࡞߆ࠄ߽⸃ࠆࠃ߁
ߦ‫ޔ‬ㆤ⭁ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞߿ࡈ࡝࡯࠺࡞ᝄേߩ᷹ቯߪ‫ޔ‬㜞޿ ⓨ 㑆 ಽ ⸃ ⢻ 㧔 <1nm 㧕 ߅ ࠃ ߮ ࠛ ࡀ ࡞ ࠡ ࡯ ಽ ⸃ ⢻㧔<10meV㧕ߢߩࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞᷹ቯࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߎߣߦ
ࠃߞߡೋ߼ߡ㆐ᚑߐࠇࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟ‫ࠆߥᦝޔ‬Ꮏᄦߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬μeV 㗔ၞ߹ߢಽ⸃⢻ࠍ㜞߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ
࿑ 4 㧔਄㧕Ꮐ߆ࠄ STM ௝‫ࡒ࡞ࠚࡈޔ‬Ḱ૏ߢߩ LDOS ௝‫ࡦ࠹ࡐޔ‬ࠪࡖ࡞௝㧔ਅ㧕ࡈࠚ࡞ࡒḰ૏ߢߩ LDOS ߣࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ߩಽᏓ

߅ࠅ‫‛ߥ⚦⹦ߦࠄߐޔ‬ᕈ᷹ቯ߳ߩዷ㐿߇᜛߇ࠆߩߢߪ
ߣᦼᓙߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ːȅ΢Φ΍ͼΒ಼ഥ൵ఘ͈ঽાಎ಼͈́ഥ൵අ଻ŜĴŞġ 㔚ሶ⁁ᘒ᷹ቯᚻᴺߣߒߡߩ STM ߩ․㐳ߣߒߡ‫⏛ޔ‬႐ਅߢߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߩ᷹ቯ߇น⢻ߥὐ߇޽ࠆ‫⿥ޕ‬વዉߦ㑐ߒߡ߽‫⿥ޔ‬વዉࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ
ࠍ⋥ធ᷹ቯߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧔࿑ 5㧕‫⏛ޔ‬႐ਅߦ߅޿ߡ߽ߘߩ⹏ଔࠍ
ⴕ߁ߎߣ߇น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫․ߩߎޔߪޘ‬㐳ࠍ↢߆ߒߡ‫ߩ࠭ࠗࠨࡁ࠽ޔ‬Pb ࠕࠗ࡜ࡦ࠼㧔౞⋚⁁㧕᭴ㅧߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒ࡮⿥વዉ․ᕈࠍ⹏ଔߒߚ‫ޕ‬A ( center )1.4B ( 40nm from the center) Pb ߩ࠽ࡁࠨࠗ࠭ߩࠕࠗ࡜ࡦ࠼᭴ㅧߪ‫ࡦࠦ࡝ࠪޔ‬ၮ᧼਄ߦ Pb ࠍ⫳⌕ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬૞ᚑߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
Pb/ࠪ࡝ࠦࡦ♽ߪ‫⿥ޔ‬વዉォ⒖᷷ᐲࠍ฽߻㊂ሶࠨࠗ࠭ലᨐߩⷰኤߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ㄭᐕᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫࡜ࠗࠕޔ‬ࡦ࠼᭴ㅧߩ૞ᚑ᧦ઙ╬߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߢߎߘޕ‬࿑
7(a)ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߥ‫⋥ޔ‬ᓘ⚂ 100nm࡮ෘߐ 9 ේሶጀ㧔3nm㧕ߩࠕࠗ࡜ࡦ࠼᭴ㅧࠍ૞ᚑߒ‫⿥ߩߘޔ‬વዉ․ᕈࠍ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ߆ࠄ⸘᷹ߒߚ㧔᷹ቯ᷷ᐲ㧦ZBC [nS]

1.2
࿑ 5 NbSe2 എ㐿㕙ߢߩ⿥વዉࠡࡖ࠶ࡊ
㧔᷹ቯ᷷ᐲ㧦0.5K㧕

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

magnetic field [T]࿑ 6 Pb ࠕࠗ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩਛᔃㇱߣ๟ㄝㇱߢߩ⿥વዉ․ᕈ
㧔ZBC㧕ߩ⏛႐ଐሽᕈ

21

2K㧕‫⤑ߩߎޔߦߺߥߜޕ‬ෘߢߩࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬ㐳ߪ 27nm
ߢ޽ࠅ‫⋥࠼ࡦ࡜ࠗࠕߡߞ߇ߚߒޔ‬ᓘߪࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦࠬ㐳ߩ
ᢙ୚⒟ᐲߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߹ߕߪ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ಽశߦࠃࠅ⿥વዉࠡࡖ࠶ࡊࠍ᷹ቯߒ
ߚߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬ਛᔃㇱߣ๟ㄝㇱߢ⇣ߥࠆု⋥⏛႐ଐሽᕈࠍ␜
ߔߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ‫⿥ߢߎߘޕ‬વዉߩᜰᮡߣߒߡ‫⿥ޔ‬વዉࠡࡖ࠶ࡊߩᐩߔߥࠊߜ 0V ߢߩ㔚᳇વዉᐲ㧔zero bias
conductance; ZBC㧕ߦ⌕⋡ߒ‫⏛ߩߘޔ‬႐࡮႐ᚲଐሽᕈ
߿ࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߥߤࠍⴕߞߚ㧔࿑ 6㨮7㧕‫ޕ‬ ⏛႐ࠍᄌ߃ߡߩ ZBC ᷹ቯ㧔࿑ 6㧕߆ࠄ‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࠗࠕޔ‬๟ㄝㇱߢߪ⿥વዉߪᓢ‫ߦޘ‬⎕უߐࠇࠆߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ਛᔃㇱߢߪ޽ࠆ⏛႐ࠍႺߦᕆߦ⿥વዉ߇უࠇࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛᔃㇱߢߩ⿥વዉ⎕უߪ‫ޔ‬ฦ⏛႐ߢߩ ZBC ௝㧔࿑ 7‫ޔ‬․ߦ(d)㧕ߢ߽᣿ࠄ߆ߢ‫ޔ‬᷵♻ଚ౉ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 7(d)ߢⷰኤߐࠇࠆਛᄩㇱߢߩ⿥વዉ⎕უ߇᷵♻ߦࠃࠆߎߣߪ‫ ߩߘޔ‬ZBC ࡊࡠࡈࠔࠗ࡞߇ࠕࠗ࡟ࡦࡃ࡯
ࠟ࡯ᣇ⒟ᑼ߆ࠄዉ߆ࠇࠆ᷵♻ߩࡍࠕࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ಽᏓߣ
৻⥌ߔࠆὐ߿‫ޔ‬ZBC ߩ⏛႐ଐሽᕈ߇᝹ᒁᣇะߦଐሽߒ
ࡅࠬ࠹࡝ࠪࠬࠍ␜ߔὐ߆ࠄ߽᣿ࠄ߆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬᷵♻ଚ౉೨ߩૐ⏛႐ߢߩ ZBC ௝㧔࿑ 7(c)㧕ߢߪ‫ޔ‬๟ㄝㇱߢߩ ZBC
߇ਛᔃㇱߦᲧߴ⧯ᐓᄢ߈ߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߇‫ޔߪࠇߎޔ‬ᄖ๟߆ࠄߩ⏛႐ଚ౉ߦࠃࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

࿑ 7 Pb ࠕࠗ࡜ࡦ࠼(a)ߣߘߩਛߢߩ⿥વዉ․ᕈ㧔ZBC㧕ಽᏓ௝㧔b㨪e㧕
㧔f㧕ߪ㧔b‫ޔ‬d‫ޔ‬e㧕ߩᢿ㕙ࡊࡠࡈࠔࠗ࡞ ߎ߁ߒߚ᷹ቯ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬୘‫࠼ࡦ࡜ࠗࠕߩޘ‬᭴ㅧߏߣߦ‫ߘޔ‬ߩ᷵♻ଚ౉⏛႐࡮ឃᢺ⏛႐߿⿥વዉォ⒖᷷ᐲ߇᷹ቯߢ߈ࠆ‫ࠍ࠭ࠗࠨߩ࠼ࡦ࡜ࠗࠕޔߢߎߘޕ‬ᄌ߃ߡߎࠇࠄߩ⥃⇇⏛႐ࠍ᷹ቯߒߚߣߎࠈ‫࠭ࠗࠨߥ⊛⛔♽ߩࠄࠇߎޔ‬ଐሽᕈ߇ⷰኤߐࠇߚ‫ޔߡߒߣ଀ߩߘޕ‬᷵♻߇ଚ౉ߔࠆᦨዋߩࠕࠗ࡜ࡦ࠼ࠨࠗ࠭߇
޽ࠆߎߣ߇್᣿ߒ‫ ࠙࠳ࡦ࡜࡮ࠣ࡞ࡉ࠷ࡦࠡ߇࠭ࠗࠨߩߎޔ‬GL ᣇ⒟ᑼ߆ࠄ੍ᗐߐࠇࠆ⥃⇇ࠨࠗ࠭ߣ߶߷৻⥌ߔࠆߎߣ߇
⏕⹺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ STM ត㊎߆ࠄߩࡄ࡞ࠬ㔚࿶ߩශടߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬᷵♻ࠍബ⿠ߔࠆ⃻⽎߽⷗಴ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷‫ߩߘޔ‬ᯏ᭴⸃᣿ࠍត⚝ߒߡ޿ࠆᲑ㓏ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ġˑȅłŇŎ ͥ͢ͅ‫ވ‬ခࣣࠫႁ̤͍͢ࡔঊ‫ۼ‬ഩ‫֊ك‬൲͈࠿੄ġ STM ߪ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޔ‬ㅀߴߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߦ‫⴫ޔ‬㕙ߢߩේሶ᭴ㅧ߿㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߦ㑐ߔࠆ࠽ࡁࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߢߩࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬㕖Ᏹߦᒝജߥᚻᴺߣ⸒߃ࠆ‫ⷰޔࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ኤኻ⽎ߣߥࠆ⹜ᢱߪ
ዉ૕ߦ㒢ࠄࠇࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ‫✼⛘ޔ‬૕ߦ߽ㆡᔕߢ߈ࠆࡊࡠ࡯ࡉ㗼ᓸ㏜ߣߒ
ߡ AFM ߇⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᚒ‫⎇ߩߘ߇ޘ‬ⓥߦ㑐ࠊࠅᆎ߼ߚ㗃ߪ‫ޔ‬ࡊࡠ࡯ࡉవ┵ߣ⹜ᢱ⴫㕙㑆ߦ௛ߊജߩ⚛ᕈߥߤ‫‛ߩߘߛ߹ޔ‬ℂ⊛ߥឬ௝߇᣿⏕ߦߐࠇߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߢߎߘޕ‬ᚒ‫ޔߪޘ‬AFM ߦ߅޿ߡត
㊎⹜ᢱ㑆ߦ෸߷ߐࠇࠆේሶࠬࠤ࡯࡞ߢߩജߩ⸃᣿ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ‫ޔ‬ജᬌ಴ᗵᐲ߇ᦨ߽ఝࠇߚ㕖ធ⸅ဳ AFM㧔ᦨㄭߢߪ‫ޔ‬๟ᵄᢙᄌ⺞ဳߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ㧕ߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥࠍⴕߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ STM ߢߩ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ಽశߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆᚻᴺߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬AFM ߢߪត㊎࡮⹜ᢱ㑆ߩ〒㔌ࠍᄌ߃ߡߩജߩ᷹ቯߢ޽ࠆࡈࠜ࡯ࠬࠞ࡯ࡉ᷹ቯ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ᦨ߇ޘ‬ೋߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߛߩߪ‫♖ޔ‬ኒߥࡈࠜ࡯ࠬࠞ࡯ࡉߩ᷹ቯߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 8 ߪ‫⴫ࡦࠦ࡝ࠪޔ‬㕙㧔⴫㕙⹏ଔᚻᴺߦ߅ߌࠆᮡḰࠨࡦࡊ࡞㧕਄ߢ
22

࿑ 8 㧔਄㧕ࠪ࡝ࠦࡦ⴫㕙਄ߢߩࡈࠜ࡯ࠬࠞ࡯ࡉ
㧔ਅ㧕AFM ௝ࠪ࡝ࠦࡦត㊎ࠍ↪޿ߡ᷹ቯߐࠇߚࡈࠜ࡯ࠬࠞ࡯ࡉߢ޽ࠆ‫〒ޕ‬㔌߇㔌ࠇߚ㗔ၞߢߪࡈࠔࡦ࠺࡞ࡢ࡯࡞ࠬജߢ⺑᣿ߐࠇࠆߩߦኻߒ‫ޔ‬ㄭធ㗔ၞߢߪ㜞޿〒㔌ଐሽᕈࠍ␜ߔ౒᦭⚿วജ߇௛޿ߡ޿ࠆ᭽ሶ߇ߺߡߣࠇࠆ㧔ታ✢ߪන৻ߩ౒᦭⚿วജߦࠃࠆࡈࠖ࠶࠹ࠖࡦࠣ㧕‫ޕ‬ㄭធ㗔ၞߢ AFM ௝ࠍ᠟ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫⚿᦭౒ޔ‬วജߩዪᚲᕈࠍ෻ᤋߒߚ㜞޿ⓨ㑆ಽ⸃⢻ߢߩේሶ௝
ࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚ[4]‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫ࠬࠕࠗࡃޔ‬ශടᤨߦ߅ߌࠆ㕒㔚᳇ജߩ᷹ቯࠍㅢߓߡ‫⴫ޔ‬㕙ߢߩ㕒㔚ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ಽᏓࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆࠤ࡞ࡆࡦࡊࡠ࡯ࡉᴺࠍ┙ߜ਄ߍ‫⴫ޔ‬㕙ේሶ㑆ߩ㔚⩄⒖േߦ઻߁ᓸዊߥࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞ᄌൻ㧔㨪15mV㧕ࠍ௝ߣߒߡ
᝝߃ࠆߎߣߦ߽ᚑഞߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑ 9㧕[5]‫ߩߎߚ߹ޕ‬ታ㛎ߢߪ‫⴫ޔ‬㕙ߩ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߩᓇ㗀ࠍᒝߊฃߌࠆ STM ߣ‫ߩߤޔ‬⒟ᐲ߆ߪ⼏⺰ߩ૛࿾߇޽ࠆ
߇ߐ߶ߤᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߥ޿ AFM ߩߘࠇߙࠇߩ௝ࠍᲧセኻᾖ㧔࿑ 10㧕߆ࠄ‫⴫ߚߞ޽ߩ⺰⼏ߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬㕙ේሶ᭴ㅧߩ⏕ቯߦ߽ነਈߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈
ߚ[5]‫ޕ‬࿑ 9 Ge/Si(105)⴫㕙ߢߩࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞௝㧔਄㧕ߣߘߩಽᏓ㧔ਅ㧕࿑ 10 Ge/Si(105)⴫㕙ߢߩ STM භ᦭Ḱ૏௝㧔Ꮐ㧕ⓨḰ૏௝㧔ਛ㧕AFM ௝㧔ฝ㧕˒ȅłŇŎ ౝૻ̤͍͢೩‫ أ‬łŇŎȆςΕΈρέͻȜ༹͈‫ٳ‬อġ ਄⸥ߩࠤ࡞ࡆࡦࡊࡠ࡯ࡉᴺߦࠃࠆ㕒㔚ࡐ࠹ࡦࠪࡖ࡞᷹ቯࠍ
ⴕ߁㓙ߦߪ‫ޔ‬㊄ዻត㊎ࠍ↪޿ߚ߶߁߇♖ᐲߩὐߢ᦭೑ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘߎߢ‫ޔ‬Ꮢ⽼ߩࠪ࡝ࠦࡦࠞࡦ࠴࡟ࡃ࡯㧔AFM ߩജ࠮ࡦࠨ࡯㧕ߦ㊄ዻࡢࠗࡗ࡯ࠍขࠅઃߌ‫ޔ‬㔚㗼ቶߩ㓸᧤ࠗࠝࡦࡆ࡯
࿑11 ㊄ዻត㊎ࠞࡦ࠴࡟ࡃ࡯㧔వ┵ᓘ㧦3.5nm㧕ࡓ㧔FIB㧕ࠍ୫ࠅߡవ┵ࠍ㊎⁁ߦߒ㧔Ꮢේߐࠎ‫ߣࠈ޿ࠈ޿ޔ‬᦭㔍߁ߏߑ޿߹ߔ㧕‫ޔ‬㊄ዻត㊎߆ࠄߥࠆࠞࡦ࠴࡟ࡃ࡯ࠍ㐿⊒ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑ 11㧕[6]‫ޕ‬ FIB ߦࠃࠆត㊎૞ᚑᛛⴚߪ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟ‫ߥࠈ޿ࠈ޿ޔ‬ᒻߢᔕ↪ߐࠇ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޔ‬᳓᥏ᝄേሶߦត㊎ࠍขࠅઃߌ‫ޔ‬శᬌ಴ߦଐ
ࠄߥ޿ᣂߚߥ AFM ࡊࡠ࡯ࡉࠍ૞ᚑߒߡ޿ࠆ[7]‫ޕ‬࿑ 12 ߪ‫ޔ‬㐳ㄝᝄേဳ᳓᥏ᝄേሶߦ㊎ࠍઃߌߡ AFM ࡊࡠ࡯ࡉߣߒߚ߽
ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߪߎࠇࠍࡋ࡝࠙ࡓ 3 ಄ළૐ᷷ STM ߦዉ౉ߒ‫ޔ‬ૐ᷷ AFM ߣߒߡേ૞ߐߖߡ޿ࠆ[8]‫ޕ‬STM ߦ AFM ࠍ࿑ 12 ࠲ࡦࠣࠬ࠹ࡦ
ត㊎ࠍขࠅઃߌߚ㐳ㄝᝄേဳ᳓᥏ᝄേሶ

⚿วߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ‫㉄ޔ߫߃଀ޔ‬ൻ⤑਄ߩࠣ࡜ࡈࠚࡦߩࠃ
߁ߦ⛘✼૕਄ߦዊߐߥ⹜ᢱ߇޽ࠆ႐ว‫ ߪߕ߹ޔ‬AFM ࡕ࡯࠼ߢ⹜ᢱࠍតߒ‫ ߜߩߚߌߟ⷗ޔ‬STM ߦಾࠅ឵߃ߡዪᚲ⊛ߥ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒ᷹ቯࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ‫ޕ‬23 ߹ߚ‫ޔ‬਄⸥ߩត㊎૞ᚑᛛⴚߪ᧚ᢱࠍ໧ࠊߥ޿ߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޔ‬㊄ߩ AFM
ត㊎ࠍ૞ᚑߒ‫ࠬ࡞ࡄޔ‬ශടߦࠃࠆ㔚⇇⫳⊒ࠍ⿠ߎߐߖߡၮ᧼਄ߦ㊄ߩࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ
ࠍឬߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧔࿑ 13㧕‫ߩߎޕ‬ᣇᴺߪ‫ޔ‬AFM ࡝࠰ࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ
߇‫⃻ޔ‬࿷‫ޔ‬න৻ಽሶ㔚᳇વዉ᷹ቯߦ߅ߌࠆዉ✢ឬ↹ᚻᴺߣߒߡߩᔕ↪ࠍ⌮ࠎߢ‫ޔ‬ᕈ⢻ะ਄ߦขࠅ⚵ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬˓ȅ༶ৣ࢕႗ܳ ŔŕŎ ͥ͢ͅޫਫ਼ࡓள໦ଢ଼ġ STM ߢߪ‫⴫ޔ‬㕙ߩේሶ௝ߪᓧࠄࠇࠆ߽ߩߩ‫ߩߘޔ‬ర⚛⒳ࠍ⍮ࠆߎߣߪߢ߈
ߥ޿‫࡞ࡀࡦ࠻ޔࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬ಽశߦࠃࠅ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߦ㑐ߔࠆᖱႎࠍᓧࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈
ࠆ߇‫ޔ‬ᓧࠄࠇࠆᖱႎߪࡈࠚ࡞ࡒḰ૏ㄭறߦ㒢ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫ޔ‬ర⚛ᖱႎߦᔅⷐߥౝ
࿑ 13 AFM ࡝࠰ࠣ࡜ࡈࠖ࡯ߦࠃࠆឬ↹ᲖḰ૏ࠍࡊࡠ࡯ࡉߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޔߢߎߘޕ‬᡼኿శߦࠃࠅౝᲖḰ૏ࠍബ⿠ߒ‫޿઻ߦࠇߘޔ‬᡼಴ߐࠇࠆੑᰴ㔚ሶࠍ STM ត㊎ߢᬌ಴ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ర⚛

ᖱႎࠍ㜞ⓨ㑆ಽ⸃⢻ߢᓧࠃ߁ߣߔࠆᚻᴺߩ㐿⊒ࠍ⹜ߺߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ⎇ⓥߪ‫゠ޔ‬㆏᡼኿⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ߩᧁਅవ↢㧔⃻㧦Spring-8㧕࡮ᅏ↰᳁ߣߩ౒ห⎇ⓥߢ‫ޔ‬᷹ቯߪߟߊ߫ߩࡈࠜ࠻ࡦࡈࠔࠢ
࠻࡝࡯ߩࡆ࡯ࡓ࡜ࠗࡦߦ⿥㜞⌀ⓨ STM ࠍขࠅઃߌߡⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ[9]‫ޕ‬1μm ྾ᣇߩ Ni ࠕࠗ࡜ࡦ࠼᭴ㅧ߇ⷙೣ⊛ߦ㈩೉ߒߚ
ၮ᧼ࠍ࠹ࠬ࠻⹜ᢱߣߒ‫ ߪߕ߹ޔ‬STM ត㊎ߦࠃࠆੑᰴ㔚ሶᬌ಴ߦࠃߞߡ࠾࠶ࠤ࡞ߩๆ෼ࠬࡍࠢ࠻࡞߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆߎߣࠍ⏕⹺ߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬ๆ෼┵೨ᓟߩశᾖ኿ਅߢߩ STM ⿛ᩏࠍⴕ޿‫ޔ‬STM ௝ߣหᤨߦੑᰴ㔚ሶ௝ࠍ᷹ቯߒߚߣߎࠈ‫ޔ‬ๆ෼┵⋥਄ߩశߢߩߺ Ni ࠕࠗ࡜ࡦ࠼ߦኻᔕߒߚࠦࡦ࠻࡜ࠬ࠻߇ੑᰴ㔚ሶ௝ߦ⃻ࠇ‫ߩߎޔ‬ᣇᴺߦࠃࠆర⚛ಽᏓࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣߩน⢻ᕈࠍ␜ߒߚ㧔࿑14㧕[10]‫ޕ‬
STM ត㊎ߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬FIB ߦࠃࠆត㊎૞ᚑᛛⴚߦࠃࠅ૞ᚑߐࠇߚࠟ࡜
ࠬⵍⷒត㊎ࠍ↪޿ߡ޿ࠆ߇[11]‫ޔ‬ታ㛎⚿ᨐࠃࠅ⷗Ⓧ߽ࠄࠇߚⓨ㑆ಽ⸃⢻ߪ 14nm ߣ‫ޔ‬ត㊎వ┵ߩࠟ࡜ࠬⵍⷒߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㗔ၞᓘ㧔>1μm㧕
ߦᲧߴ߆ߥࠅዊߐ޿‫ޔߪࠇߎޕ‬ㄭធലᨐߦࠃࠅត㊎⋥ਅߢߩ઀੐㑐ᢙ߇ᷫዋߒੑᰴ㔚ሶ߇ఝవ⊛ߦ᡼಴ߐࠇߚߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬㜞޿ⓨ㑆ಽ⸃⢻߇ታ⃻ߐࠇߚ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷‫ࠆߥࠄߐޔ‬ಽ⸃⢻ߩะ਄ࠍ⹜ߺ
ߡ߅ࠅ‫ߩߢ࡞࡯ࠤࠬࡁ࠽ޔ‬ర⚛ಽᨆᚻᴺߣߒߡߩ⏕┙ࠍ⋡ᜰߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬˔ȅ̤ͩͤͅġ એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ‫ޔ‬ᒰ⎇ⓥቶߢߪ STM ߿ AFM ࠍࡌ࡯ࠬߣߒߡ‫ࠈ޿ޔ‬޿ࠈߥ⎇ⓥࠍⴕߞߡ߈ߚ߇‫⎇ࠎࠈߜ߽ߪࠄࠇߎޔ‬ⓥቶߦ࿷☋ߔࠆ㧔ߒߚ㧕ഥᢎߩᳯญ⼾᣿ࠍߪߓ߼ߣߒߡ‫ޔ‬JST ⎇ⓥຬߩ቟ ᧲⑲‫⑺ޔ‬ጊ
ℙ㖸㧔⃻㧦᧲ർᄢഥᢎ㧕‫ޔ‬ᛛⴚ⡯ຬߩᵿ↰㓷ਯ‫ߩࠢ࠼ࠬࡐޔ‬㋈ᧁቁ዁
㧔⃻㧦࠼ࠗ࠷࡮ࡑ࠶ࠢࠬࡊ࡜ࡦࠢ⎇ⓥຬ㧕‫ޔ‬ጊፒ⹞㇢‫ޔ‬ඳ჻ቇ↢ߢ
޽ߞߚዊ㊁㓷♿㧔⃻㧦ℂ⎇ၮ␆․೎⎇ⓥຬ㧕‫⷏ޔ‬የ㓉ብ㧔⃻㧦‛ᕈ⎇
JSPS ⎇ⓥຬ㧕߿ᄙߊߩୃ჻ቇ↢ࠄߦࠃࠆߚࠁ߹ߧദജߩᚑᨐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇ߹ߢߩᦼ㑆ߢⵝ⟎ᢛ஻ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ৻ᔕߩ࡟ࡌ࡞ߦ㆐ߒߚߎߣ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬੹ᓟߪዋߒߕߟ౒ห⎇ⓥߩᨒࠍ᜛ߍߡ‫⎇ߥࠢ࡯࠾࡙ߦࠄߐޔ‬ⓥᚑᨐࠍ
⋡ᜰߒߡ޿߈ߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᦨᓟߦ⃻᦭ࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߩ౮⌀ࠍᷝ߃ߡߎߩ᜕ᢥߩ⚳ࠊࠅߣߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ġ
24

࿑ 14 ᡼኿శ STM ߦࠃࠆ Ni ర⚛ಽᏓࠗࡔ࡯ࠫࡦࠣ

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࿑ 15 ⍹ߩ࠻ࡦࡀ࡞ߩ೨ߦߡ‫ޕ‬Ꮐ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ጊፒ‫⷏ޔ‬የ‫ޔ‬቟‫ޔ‬㐳⼱Ꮉ‫ޔ‬ᳯญ‫ޔ‬ġች࿾‫ޔ‬ᵿ↰‫ޔ‬ᄢ⷏‫⑺ޔ᧘ޔ‬ጊ‫ޔ‬ਛㄞ㧔ᢘ⒓⇛㧕
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[1] Y. Hasegawa and Ph. Avouris: Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1071 (1993)‫ޔ‬㐳⼱Ꮉᐘ㓶‫ޔ‬࿕૕‛ℂ‫ޔ‬29㨮698㨮1994 ᐕ[2] M. Ono, Y. Nishigata, T. Nishio, T. Eguchi, and Y. Hasegawa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 016801 (2006)‫ޔ‬㐳⼱Ꮉᐘ㓶࡮
ዊ㊁㓷♿࡮⷏የ㓉ብ࡮ᳯญ⼾᣿‫ޔ‬࿕૕‛ℂ‫ޔ‬42㨮91㨮2007 ᐕ[3] T. Nishio, M. Ono, T. Eguchi, H. Sakata, Y. Hasegawa, Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, 113115 (2006); T. Nishio, T. An, A.
Nomura, K. Miyachi, T. Eguchi, H. Sakata, and Y. Hasegawa, to be published.
[4] T. Eguchi and Y. Hasegawa, Phys. Rev. Lett., 89, 266105 (2002).
[5] T. Eguchi, Y. Fujikawa, K. Akiyama, T. An, M. Ono, T. Hashimoto, Y. Morikawa, K. Terakura, T. Sakurai, M.G.
Lagally, and Y. Hasegawa, Phys. Rev. Lett., 93, 266102 (2004).
[6] K. Akiyama, T. Eguchi, T. An, Y. Fujikawa, Y. Yamada-Takamura, T. Sakurai, and Y. Hasegawa, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
76, 033705 (2005).
[7] T. An, T. Eguchi, K. Akiyama and Y. Hasegawa, Appl. Phys. Lett., 87, 133114 (2005).
[8] T. An, T. Nishio, T. Eguchi, M. Ono, A. Nomura, K. Akiyama, and Y. Hasegawa, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 033703(2008).
[9] T. Matsushima, T. Okuda, T. Eguchi, M. Ono, A. Harasawa, T. Wakita, A. Kataoka, M. Hamada, A. Kamoshida, Y.
Hasegawa and T. Kinoshita, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 2149-2153 (2004).
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083711 (2005)25

໤଻ࡄͅ಍හ̱̀

໤ৗ୭ࠗບ‫ث‬ঔ୭! ! ࿤࢛! ฎং!
 5 ᦬ 1 ᣣઃߌߢ‛⾰⸳⸘⹏ଔᣉ⸳ߦ⌕છߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬એ਄ߦ⎇ⓥߦ♖ㅴߔࠆߣ౒ߦ‫ޔ‬Ꮉፉవ↢ߣදജߒߡࠬ࡯ࡄ
ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߩ▤ℂ࡮ㆇ༡ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ߎ߁ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫߅ߊߒࠈࠃޕ‬㗿޿ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
 4 ᦬߹ߢߪ࠼ࠗ࠷ߩ࡙࡯࡝࠶ࡅ⎇ⓥᚲ FZJ ߩ Institute for Solid State Research IFF ߢ⎇ⓥߒߡ޿߹ߒߚ‫߁ࠂߜޕ‬ߤ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲߩ⧷⺆ฬߩᦨᓟߩ Physics ߇ Research ߦߒߚหᗧ⟵ߦㄭ޿ฬߩ⎇ⓥᚲߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᤓᐕߩ P.Gruenberg ᢎ᝼ߩࡁ࡯ࡌ࡞‛ℂቇ⾨ฃ⾨ߢ⍮ฬᐲ߇ᄙዋ਄߇ߞߚߣᕁ޿߹ߔ߇‫࡯࠲ࡑ࠻ࡈ࠰ޔ‬3 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊࠍ฽߻ 9 ࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߢ᏷ᐢߊ‛ᕈࠍ⎇ⓥߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫߽ߢ࠷ࠗ࠼ޕ‬ᔕ↪⎇ⓥࠍࠃࠅ㊀ⷞߒߡ޿ߎ߁ߣ޿߁ᵹࠇߪ޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇‫߽ߢࠇߘޔ‬ၮ␆⎇ⓥࠍシⷞߒߥ޿વ
⛔ߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩ߇޽ߞߡ‫⎇ߥ↱⥄ޔ‬ⓥߩ߿ࠅ߿ߔ޿㔓࿐᳇߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޔ߇ߔ߹ࠅ޽ߪߢ↸⥢↰ߪࡅ࠶࡝࡯࡙ޕ‬྾ජੱⷙᮨ
ߩᄢ߈ߥ⎇ⓥᚲߢ⎇ⓥⅣႺߪ޿޿ߩߢ‫ߩߡߒߣࠢ࠼ࠬࡐޔ‬ᷰ⥶వߦ߅൘߼ߢߔ‫ޕ‬
 ⑳ߪ࠰ࡈ࠻ࡑ࠲࡯‫↢ߦ․ޔ‬૕⤑ࠍ‫ࠍࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯࡟ࡘࡒࠪޔ‬ਥߦ૶ߞߡ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥߒߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޔ߫߃଀ޕ‬ᵹࠇߩਛߢ⿒ⴊ⃿‫ޔ‬⢽⾰ዊ⢩߇ߤ߁ᄌᒻߔࠆ߆ߦߟ޿ߡ⺞ߴߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߪ⃿ⴊ⿒ޕ‬ᄌᒻߔࠆߎߣߢ⥄りߩ⋥ᓘࠃࠅ⚦޿Ძ⚦ⴊ▤ࠍᵹࠇࠆߎߣ߇
ߢ߈߹ߔ‫♧ޕ‬ዩ∛߿㎨⁁⿒ⴊ⃿∝ߥߤߩ∛᳇╬ߢ⿒ⴊ⃿ߩᄌᒻ⢻߇⪭ߜࠆߣⴊᵹᛶ᛫߇Ⴧ߃‫ࠅ߹⹣߇▤ⴊ߫ࠇߥߊߤ߭ޔ‬߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫⚦ޔ‬⢩ߩᄌᒻߣㆇേߩ઀⚵ߺࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬කቇ⊛ߥ⷗࿾߆ࠄ߽㊀ⷐߥ࠹࡯ࡑߢߔ‫ޔߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬ਥߦቅ┙ߒߚ⿒ⴊ⃿‫ޔ‬⢽⾰ዊ⢩ࠍ⸘▚ߒ‫ߩ߆ߟߊ޿ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ᒻᘒォ⒖߿ᝄേߔࠆㆇേࡕ࡯࠼ߥߤࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫߃଀ޕ‬߫‫ޔ‬න⚐ߖࠎᢿᵹਅߢ౞⋚⁁ߩ⢽⾰ࡌࠪࠢ࡞߇᫔⁁ߦિ߮ࠆォ⒖ߛߌߢߥߊ‫᧦ޔ‬ઙߦࠃߞߡߪ᫔⁁߆ࠄ౞⋚⁁ߦ❗߻ォ⒖߇⿠ߎࠅ߹ߔ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߪᄙߊߩ⿒ⴊ⃿ࠍ฽ࠎߛ♽ߥߤ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ᄢⷙᮨߥ⸘▚ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ߊ੍ቯߢߔ‫ⴊޕ‬ᶧߦߪ⊕ⴊ⃿‫ⴊޔ‬ዊ᧼ߥߤઁߩᚑಽ߽฽߹ࠇ‫⥄▤ⴊޔߚ߹ޔ‬૕߽ᨵࠄ߆޿ಽጘߔࠆ▤ߣ޿߁ⶄ㔀ߥ♽ߥߩߢ‫‛ࠍ⽎⃻ߥࠈ޿ࠈ޿ࠆߎ⿠ߢߎߘޔ‬ℂ⊛ߦߤ߁⺑᣿ߒߡ޿ߊߩ߇੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫↢ޔߦઁޔ‬૕⤑ߩⲢว࡮ಽⵚࠍ⎇ⓥߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫⚦ޕ‬⢩ౝߢߪ⤑ዊ⢩ߦࠃߞߡᄙߊߩャㅍ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅ‫Ⲣߩ⤑ޔ‬ว࡮ಽⵚߪߘߎߢ㗫❥ߦ⿠ߎߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬⢽⾰⤑ߩಽሶࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ↪޿ߡ‫᧦ޔ‬ઙߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬3 ⒳ߩⲢว‫ޔ‬ಽⵚ⚻〝߇޽ࠆߎߣࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޔ߽ߢ߆ߥޕ‬ਛ㑆⁁ᘒߩ⨍⁁ߩ⚿วㇱߩ⣁ߦⓣ߇޽ߊߣ޿߁⚻〝ࠍᣂߒߊ⷗
ߟߌ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ‫␜ࠍ〝⚻ߩߎޔ‬ໂߔࠆታ㛎⚿ᨐ߽ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿߹ߔ‫↢ޕ‬૕ౝߢߪ࠲ࡦࡄࠢ⾰߇Ⲣว࡮ಽⵚࠍ⺞▵ߒߡ޿߹ߔ߇‫⸃ߩߘޔߊߥߡߞ߆ࠊߊࠃߛ߹ߪߺ⚵઀ߩߘޔ‬᣿߇㊀ⷐߥ੹ᓟߩ⎇ⓥ⺖㗴ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߥ⎇ⓥࠍਥߦⴕߞߡ߈߹ߒߚ߇‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߪߎࠇࠄߩ⎇ⓥࠍ⊒ዷߐߖࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ߣ㑐᧲ㄭ㇠ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߣදജߒߡ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥߩᚻࠍᐢߍߡ޿ߎ߁ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ߩઁߪ࡯࠲ࡑ࠻ࡈ࠰ޕ‬࿕૕‛ℂߩಽ㊁ߦᲧߴߡ⧯޿ߢߔ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ಽ‫⊒ޔ‬ዷߩ૛࿾߇߹ߛ߹ߛ޽ࠆߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬୘ੱ⊛ߦߪታ㛎ቶߢࠃߊࠦࡦ࠻ࡠ࡯࡞ߐࠇߚ᧦ઙߢ⺞ߴࠄࠇࠆ࠰ࡈ࠻ࡑ࠲࡯ߣേ⊛ߦೞ‫ޘ‬⒖ࠅᄌࠊࠆ↢૕ౝߢ⿠ߎߞߡ޿ࠆ⃻⽎ࠍߤ߁⚿߮ߟߌ‫‛ޔ‬ℂ⊛ߦ⺑᣿ߔࠆ߆߇߽ߞߣ߽⥝๧ߩ޽ࠆߣߎࠈߢߔ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬‛ᕈ⎇ⓥߩ዁᧪ࠍᜂ߃ࠆࠃ߁ߥఝ⑲ߥቇ↢ࠍ⢒ߡߡ޿߈ߚ޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ߏޔ߇ߔ߹ࠅ޽ࠎߐߊߚ߇ࠈߎߣߧࠄ⿷ޕ‬ᜰዉߏ㖊ᠤߩ߶ߤ‫߅ߊߒࠈࠃޔ‬㗿޿ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬

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໤଻ࡄͅ಍හ̱̀

૧໤ৗ‫ݪࡄڠش‬໐࿝! ! ఱߜ! ࡄ࿟!
1 ᦬ 16 ᣣઃߌߢ‫ޔ‬ᣂ‛⾰⑼ቇ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷․છ⻠Ꮷߦ⌕છ⥌ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߦࠢ࡯ࠖ࠙ࡦ࠺࡞࡯ࠧޕ‬ਭߒ߱ࠅߦᏫߞߚ᡿ㇹߢᗵߓߚߎߣࠍ⸥ߒ‫ޔ‬ᓮ᜿ᜦߦઍ߃ߐߖߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⨙ၔ⋵ᣣ┙Ꮢߪᣣ┙⵾૞ᚲߩၔਅ↸ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ᎿᬺㇺᏒߣߒߡߩ಴⊒ὐߪ㋶ጊߦ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬1905 ᐕ‫ޔ‬ਭේᚱਯഥߪᣣ┙㋶ጊࠍ㐿ᬺߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ਭේߪ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ᦨᣂ㍈ߩ࠳ࠗࠕࡕࡦ࠼⹜㍝ᯏࠍ㚟૶ߔࠆߎߣߢ㌃ߩᣂ㋶⣂ࠍᰴ‫⚻ޔߒ⷗⊒ߣޘ‬༡ߩ㆏╭ࠍઃߌ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᦝߦ‫ޔ‬ㅪ៤ߔࠆᣣᧄฦ࿾ߩ㋶ጊ߆ࠄ㋶⍹ࠍ⵾㍰ᚲ߳ଏ⛎ߔࠆߎߣߢ‫ޔ‬ᣣ┙㋶ጊߩ↥಴߇ዋߥ޿
ᤨߢ߽‫ޔ‬቟ቯ⊛ߦ㌃ࠍ಴⩄ߔࠆߎߣߦᚑഞߒ߹ߒߚ‫৻ߩߘޕ‬ᣇߢ‫ޔ‬໧㗴߽↢ߓߡ᧪߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᣣ┙㋶ጊߩ㋶ᐥߪࠠ࡯ࠬ࡜࡯
ࠟ࡯㧔ጀ⁁฽㌃⎫ൻ㋕㋶ᐥ㧕ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼ߦ‫⵾ޔ‬㍰ᤨߦᄢ㊂ߩ੝⎫㉄ࠟࠬ߇⊒↢ߒ߹ߔ‫᦭ޕ‬Ქࠟࠬࠍ฽߻ᾍ߇‫ߩޘੱޔ‬ஜᐽ߿๟࿐ߩ⥄ὼⅣႺߦ↟ᄢߥ៊ኂࠍਈ߃ߚߩߢߔ‫ޕ‬ਭේߪ‫ޔ‬1914 ᐕᒰᤨ‫ޔ‬਎⇇৻ߩ㜞ߐ㧔155.7m㧕ࠍ⹶ࠆᄢᾍ⓭ࠍᑪ⸳ߒ‫ޔ‬౏ኂࠍ⪺ߒߊ✭๺ߐߖ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬ᣣ┙㋶ጊߪᄙⷺൻࠍㅴ߼‫ޔ‬ᣂᣣ㋶ࡎ࡯࡞࠺ࠖࡦࠣࠬߣߒߡ⃻࿷ߦ⥋ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᣣ┙㋶ጊߩୃℂᎿ႐߆ࠄᵷ↢ߒߚᣣ┙⵾૞ᚲߪ‫ޔ‬਎⇇ߦฬߛߚࠆ✚ว㔚ᯏࡔ࡯ࠞ࡯߳ᚑ㐳ࠍㆀߍߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⑳ߪ‫⾰‛ޔ‬วᚑߣ‛ᕈ᷹ቯࠍㅢߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂᄸߥ⃻⽎ࠍ␜ߔ‛⾰ࠍត⚝ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߩ⾰‛ߩߚ߹޽ޕ‬ਛ߆ࠄ⌀ߦ㕙⊕޿‛⾰ࠍតߒ಴ߔߎߣߪ‫⨹ޔ‬㊁ߩਛ߆ࠄᣂ㋶⣂ࠍ⊒⷗ߔࠆߎߣߦૃߡ޿ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ᣣ┙㋶ጊߩ⊒ዷߩᱧผߦߪ‫ޔ‬ቇ߱ߴ߈ὐ߇޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇ߹ߔ‫ޔ߽⑳ޕ‬㜞ᐲൻߐࠇߚᦨᣂߩታ㛎ᯏེ㧔⿥㜞࿶⊒↢ⵝ⟎ߥߤ㧕ࠍ‫ޔ‬ᄢ޿ߦᵴ↪ߔࠆᚲሽߢߔ‫ޕ‬߹ߚ‫ޔ‬ౝᄖߩ⎇ⓥࠣ࡞࡯ࡊߣㅪ៤ࠍ࿑ࠅ‫⊒ޔ‬ዷ⊛ߦ⎇ⓥࠍផㅴߒߡෳࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁਄ߢߪ‫ޔ‬቟ోߦኻߔࠆ㈩ᘦ߽ᰳ
߆ߖ߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬቟ో⌒㏜ߩ⌕↪‫ޔ‬෩ᩰߥᲥ‛ߩ▤ℂߥߤߦ‫ޔ‬චಽߥᵈᗧࠍᛄ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⃻࿷߹ߢߩ⎇ⓥኻ⽎ߪ‫㉄ޔ‬ൻ‛‫ޔ࠼ࠗ࠽ࠥࠦ࡞ࠞޔ‬㊄ዻ㑆ൻว‛ߦ߅ߌࠆᒝ⋧㑐㔚ሶ߇❱ࠅᚑߔ㊂ሶᶧ૕㧔⏛ᕈ૕‫ޔ‬㊂
ሶࡎ࡯࡞ᶧ૕‫⿥ޔ‬વዉ૕ߥߤ㧕ߢߒߚ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߪ‫ޔ‬ኾ㐷ߩᨒ⚵ߺߦ྽ࠊࠇߕߦ‫ࠅࠃޔ‬ቇ㓙⊛ߥ⎇ⓥࠍᜰะߒߡ޿߈ߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޔ੹ޕ‬ᩰ೎⥝๧ࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫ޔ‬࿾⃿ᖺᤊ⑼ቇߣಝ❗♽‛ℂቇࠍⲢวߐߖࠆߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬㋶‛ߩ⚿᥏᭴ㅧߦߪ
․⇣ߥ߽ߩ߇ᄙߊ‫ߚߒ߁ߎޔ‬ᩰሶ਄ߢߪࠬࡇࡦ߇⇣Ᏹߥ⏛ᕈࠍ␜ߔน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬࿾Ზߩਥⷐ᭴ᚑర⚛㧔ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢᢙ
ߩዊߐߥర⚛㧕߆ࠄᚑࠆᯏ⢻ᕈ᧚ᢱࠍ㐿⊒ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥ␠ળߩታ⃻ߦ৻ᓎ⾈߁ߎߣߢߒࠂ߁‫࡞࠻ࡦࡑޔߚ߹ޕ‬ᦨᷓㇱߩࡐࠬ࠻ࡍࡠࡉࠬࠞࠗ࠻⋧ࠍ࿕૕‛ℂቇ⊛ⷰὐ߆ࠄ⺞ߴࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬࿾⃿⑼ቇ⊛⍮⷗ߩᷓൻ߳ᄢ޿ߦ⽸₂ߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬1981 ᐕ‫ޔ‬ᣣ┙㋶ጊߪ㌃㋶ጊߣߒߡߩᄤኼࠍో߁ߒ߹ߒߚ‫〔ޔߦࠢ࡯ࠖ࠙ࡦ࠺࡞࡯ࠧޕ‬࿾ߦᑪߡࠄࠇߚᣣ㋶⸥ᔨ㙚ࠍ⸰ߨ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㔵㔎ߦᵞࠊࠇ㞲߿߆ߐࠍჇߒߚᣂ✛ߦ൮߹ࠇߚ৻Ꮺߦߪ‫ߚߒࠄ᥵߇ޘੱߩੱਁ৻ޔ‬㋶ጊ↸ߩ㕙ᓇߪ‫ߤࠎߣ߶ޔ‬ᱷߐࠇߡ޿߹ߖࠎ‫ޕ‬ᐞᄙߩ㋶⍹ࠍㆇ߮਄ߍߚ╙৻┱ဒߩ๟࿐ࠍ߱ࠄ߱ࠄߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ࠄ߆ࠇߎޔ‬ᣣ‫♖ޘ‬ㅴߒߡ޿ߊ᳿ᗧࠍౣ⏕⹺ߒߚᰴ╙ߢߔ‫⊝ޕ‬᭽ߩᄌࠊࠄߧᓮᜰዉߣᓮ㖊ᠤߩ⒟‫ޔ‬૗තቱߒߊ߅㗿޿↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬27

໤଻ࡄͅ಍හ̱̀

୶౤໦࢕ࡄ‫ݪ‬໐࿝! ! โ౓! হ჊Ȫඅහ࣒঍ȫ!
੹ᐕ 3 ᦬ 1 ᣣઃߌߢ‫ޔ‬వ┵ಽశ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷ߦ․છ⻠Ꮷߣߒߡ⌕છ޿ߚߒ߹ߒߚ‫‛ߩᧁᧄ౐ޕ‬ᕈ⎇ᭂ㒢࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ㇱ㐷ߢᄢቇ㒮↢ᤨઍࠍㆊߏߒߡએ᧪‫ޔ‬ታߦචᐕ߱ࠅߩ‫ޔߢޠࡦࠤࠗ࠮࠶ࡉޟ‬ᙬ߆ߒ޿᳇ᜬߜߣหᤨߦ‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥߩ┙ߜ਄ߍߩ↥ߺߩ⧰ߒߺࠍᣣ‫ޘ‬ᗵߓߡ޿߹ߔ‫․ޕ‬છ⻠Ꮷߣ޿߁ߩߪ⡊ᘠࠇߥ޿⡯ಽߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᢥ⑼⋭߇ⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ‫⧯ޟ‬ᚻ⥄┙ଦㅴࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ‫ޠ‬
ߩ৻Ⅳߢ޽ࠅ‫ࠢ࠶࡜࠻ࠕࡘ࠾࠹ޔ‬೙ᐲࠍᣣᧄߩᄢቇߦᩮઃ߆ߖࠆߚ߼ߩ⹜ⴕߢ޽ࠆߣ⡞޿ߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⑳ߩߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⎇ⓥ⚻ᱧߢߔ߇‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ࠍ಴ߡએ᧪‫ޔ‬ℂൻቇ⎇ⓥᚲ㧔ၯ₹⋵๺శᏒ㧕ߣ National Research Council
Canada ࠞ࠽࠳ ߢࡐࠬ࠼ࠢ↢ᵴࠍㅍࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬႐ᚲߢߪ‫ޔ‬㜞ᒝᐲ⿥⍴ࡄ࡞ࠬ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᛛⴚߩ㐿⊒ߣ‫ޔ‬㜞ᰴ㜞⺞ᵄߣ๭߫ࠇࠆࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦ࠻エ X ✢⊒↢ߩ‛ℂ㧔ࠕ࠻⑽⸘᷹߿ಽሶ゠㆏ߩ↹௝ൻߥߤ㧕ߦ៤ࠊࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ‫⑼ޔ‬ቇᛛⴚᝄ⥝ᯏ᭴ ERATO ⣶ේ㕖ᐔⴧ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦෳ↹ߒ‫ޔ‬㜞ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ടㅦེ⎇ⓥᯏ᭴㧔ߟߊ߫Ꮢ㧕‫ޔ‬ᓟߦߪ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory㧔☨࿖㧕ߦᵷ㆜ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᒝ⋧㑐‛⾰ߩ⿥㜞ㅦಽశታ㛎ࠍⴕ޿ߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬᡼኿శᣉ⸳ߢߩᤨ㑆ಽ⸃ታ㛎ߦߟ޿ߡ߽ീᒝߔࠆᯏળࠍᓧ߹ߒߚ‫ߥࠎߎޕ‬ᗵߓߢචᐕ㑆‫ޔ‬ᄥᐔᵗࠍⴕߞߚࠅ᧪ߚࠅߒߡ޿ࠆ߁ߜߦ‫ޔ‬‛ᕈ⎇ߦ⡯ࠍᓧߚߣ޿߁ᰴ╙ߢߔ‫ߢ߹ࠇߎޕ‬ᢙᐕ߅߈ߦ⎇ⓥⅣႺ߇߇ࠄࠅߣᄌࠊࠅߥ߇ࠄߥࠎߣ߆↢߈ᑧ߮ߡ߈ߚりߣߒߡߪ‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ߢዋߒߪᕷߩ㐳޿⎇ⓥࠍ⛯ߌࠄࠇࠆߣ޿߁ታᗵ߇ዋߒߕߟḝ޿ߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫⎇ߩߢ߹ࠇߎޔߚ߹ޕ‬ⓥ↢ᵴࠍᝄࠅ㄰ߞߡߺࠆߣή⨥ߥߣߎࠈ߽޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᶏᄖߦ಴ߚߎߣ߇㕖Ᏹߦࠃ޿⚻㛎ߦߥߞߚߣᕁߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޔߪߦੱ޿⧯ޕ‬⥄ಽߩ⎇ⓥࠬ࠲ࠗ࡞ߦ࿕ၫߖߕ‫ޔ‬Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦᄖ߳಴ߡ⷗⡞ࠍᐢߍߡ߶ߒ޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬‛ᕈ⎇ߢߩ੹ᓟߩ⎇ⓥߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬శ⑼ቇߣ‛⾰⑼ቇߩㅪ៤ߩ޽ࠅᣇࠍ⠨߃ߡ޿ߊߎߣ߇ᄢ߈ߥ⺖㗴ߢߔ‫ౕޕ‬૕⊛ߦߪ‫ޔ‬వ┵ಽశ⎇ⓥㇱ㐷ߢߎࠇ߹ߢၭࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ㜞ᒝᐲ⿥⍴ࡄ࡞ࠬ࡟࡯ࠩ࡯ᛛⴚࠍᦝߦផߒㅴ߼‫⌀ޔ‬ⓨ⚡ᄖ߆ࠄエ X ✢߹ߢߩ⍴ᵄ㐳ၞߢߩࠦࡅ࡯࡟ࡦ࠻⿥⍴ࡄ࡞ࠬశḮᛛⴚߣᭂ㒢⊛ߥ㕖✢ᒻశቇߩ㐿ᜏࠍⴕ޿‫⑼⾰‛ޔ‬ቇߣߩㅪ៤ࠍᮨ⚝ߒߡ޿߈ߚ޿
ߣᕁߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫⊝ޕ‬᭽ߩߏᜰዉߏ㖊ᠤࠍࠃࠈߒߊ߅㗿޿↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬28໤଻ࡄͬၗͦ̀

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ఱिఱ‫ڠ‬ఱ‫!֭ڠ‬ၑ‫ֳ!شݪࡄڠ‬ಐ౷‫ ! !ࢲ୺ڠشݩ‬Ꭲന! გ෯!
ੱ↢ೋߩ㑐⷏࿤ߢߩ↢ᵴࠍᆎ߼ߡ 3 ࡩ᦬߇⚻ߜ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ォછߦ޽ߚߞߡ⦡‫ߦੱߥޘ‬ᢔ‫ޘ‬⢿߆ߐࠇߡ޿ߚߩߢ㧔ᦨㄭ߽㒋ᄢ଻ஜ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯ߩᅚකߐࠎߦ‫߇࡯ࡖ࠴࡞ࠞޟ‬㆑߁߆ࠄᘠࠇࠆ߹ߢᄢᄌ߿ࠈ߁ߌߤ̖‫ߚࠇࠊ⸒ߣޠ‬㧕‫ߎߥࠎߤ޿ߚߞ޿ޔ‬ߣߦߥࠆ߆ߣᕁߞߡ޿߹ߒߚ߇‫ߦߊߣޔ‬㆑๺ᗵࠍⷡ߃ࠆߎߣ߽ήߊ‫ޔ‬ਭߒ߱ࠅߩ㔚ゞㅢൕߣቇㇱ৻ᐕ↢߆ࠄឥߞߡ޿ࠆࠠࡖ
ࡦࡄࠬࠍᭉߒࠎߢ޿߹ߔ‫‛ޕ‬ᕈ⎇ߩߣ߈ߪ᧲ᶏ᧛ߢߩਛᕈሶᢔੂ⎇ⓥߣᣣ☨දജࠍ฽߻࿖㓙࡮࿖ౝ౒ห೑↪ߩᡰេ߇ਥߚࠆ
ᬺോߢߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬㒋ᄢߦ⿞છߒߚㅜ┵㧔ᒰὼߥ߇ࠄ㧕ᢎ⢒ߦ㑐ߔࠆ઀੐ߩഀว߇Ⴧ߃߹ߒߚ‫ᦼޕ‬ᓙߐࠇࠆᓎഀߩ㆑޿ߦᄙዋᚭ
ᖺ޿ߟߟ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ mode of operation ࠍᮨ⚝ߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬JRR-3 ߩ 5G ಽశེࠍᒁ߈⛯߈▤ℂߒߥ߇ࠄ‫ޔ‬ቇㇱߩ⎇ⓥቶߣߒ
ߡߩ․⦡ߣ SPring-8 ߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬߩ⦟ߐࠍ↢߆ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ᒻߩ᭴ㅧ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥࠍㅴ߼ߡ޿߈ߚ޿ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬‛ᕈ⎇ߦ⌕છߒߚߩ߇ 2002 ᐕ 10 ᦬ߢߔߩߢ‫ޔ‬2008 ᐕ 3 ᦬߹ߢ 5 ᐕඨ߶ߤࠍᚲຬߣߒߡㆊߏߒߚߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫⌕ޕ‬
છߒߡ 5 ᐕ߇⚻ㆊߔࠆߣ‫⎇ࠈߘࠈߘޔ‬ⓥቶ߽⪭ߜ⌕޿ߡ⎇ⓥᚑᨐ߽಴ߡ߈ߚߛࠈ߁ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ‫⎇ޟߦ⹹ᧄޔ‬ⓥቶߛࠃࠅ‫ߊᦠࠍޠ‬ᘠ⠌߇޽ࠅ߹ߔ߇‫ߞߔࠍࠇߘޔ‬㘧߫ߒߡᧄⓂࠍᦠߊߎߣߦߥߞߡߒ߹޿߹ߒߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬ዋߒߛߌᚑᨐࠍ߹ߣ߼ࠆ
ߎߣߦߒ߹ߔ‫ ߩߎޕ‬5 ᐕඨߩ߁ߜߦඳ჻ 2 ฬߣୃ჻ 2 ฬࠍㅍࠅ಴ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޔߚ߹ޕ‬2004 ᐕೋ߼ߦߪ᧻ᶆߐࠎߣ޿߁ఝ⑲ߥഥᢎࠍᓧߡ‫ޔ‬ਛᕈሶᢔੂ⎇ⓥߩਥജߢ޽ࠆਃゲಽశེߩ೙ᓮࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍቢోߦᣂߒ޿߽ߩߦ૞ࠅᄌ߃߹ߒߚ‫ߤ߁ࠂߜޕ‬ࡑ࡞࠴ࡈࠚࡠࠗࠢࠬߩ⎇ⓥ߇⋓ࠎߦߥߞߡ߈ߚ㗃ߣ㊀ߥࠅ‫ޔ‬㔚႐ߦࠃࠆࠬࡇࡦࠞࠗ࡜࡝࠹ࠖ࡯ߩ೙ᓮࠍ஍ᭂਛᕈሶ࿁᛬ߦ
ࠃߞߡታ⸽ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ਛᕈሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ߢߪ౒ห೑↪⺖㗴ࠍ⁛⥄ߦ౏൐࡮ክᩏࠍߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬㐳޿ߎߣੱᶏᚢⴚߢ߿ߞߡ߈߹ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬14 บߩಽశེߦኻߒߡ 300 ߶ߤ߽޽ࠆ↳⺧⺖㗴ࠍ⍴ᦼ㑆ߢಣℂߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ⋧ᒰߥഭജ߇
ᔅⷐߣߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬Web ࠺࡯࠲ࡌ࡯ࠬߦ⥝๧߇޽ߞߚߎߣ߽޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ᛛቭߩᵻ⷗ߐࠎߩഥߌࠍ୫ࠅߥ߇ࠄࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ૞ࠅ਄
ߍ‫ޔ‬2003 ᐕᐲ߆ࠄߪ઒ㆇ↪ࠍᆎ߼߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬2006 ᐕߦᄢ᏷ߥᄌᦝࠍⴕ޿‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ߪ൐㓸࡮↳⺧࡮ክᩏ࡮ㅢ⍮߹ߢ৻⽾ߒߡࡀ࠶࠻਄ߢ಴᧪ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߦࡓ࠹ࠬࠪ޿⦟ࠅࠃࠇߕ޿ޕ‬ᄌࠊߞߡ޿ߊߣᕁ޿߹ߔ߇‫ߩߢ߹ࠇߘޔ‬㑆‫ޔ‬ᄙዋߥࠅߣ߽ᣉ⸳ᬺോߩシᷫߣ౒ห೑↪࡙࡯ࠩ࡯ߩᓎߦߚߞߡ᰼ߒ޿ߣ㗿ߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⑳ߪᄢቇ㒮߽‛ᕈ⎇㧔ಝ❗♽‛ᕈㇱ㐷⍹Ꮉ⎇ⓥቶ㧕ߢ‫ޔ‬1988 ᐕ߆ࠄ 1993 ᐕ߹ߢࠍ౐ᧄᧁߢㆊߏߒ߹ߒߚ‫ߤ߶ࠇߘޕ‬ᤄߢߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦᕁ߁ߩߪ‫ޔ‬ᄢቇ㒮ᤨઍߦᚲຬߛߞߚవ↢߇߹ߛ૗ੱ߽⃻ᓎߢ޿ࠄߞߒ߾ࠆߚ߼߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ㧔ߘ߽ߘ߽‫ޔ‬ᆎ⚳಴౉ࠅߒߡ޿ߚ㓞ߩ 2 ߟߩ⎇ⓥቶߩవ↢߇⃻࿷ߩᚲ㐳ߣ೽ᚲ㐳ߢߔ㧕‫ޕ‬20 ᐕ೨ߣߪᄢቇ㒮↢ߩᢙ߽ᑪ‛ߩᄢ߈ߐ߽⎇ⓥߩࠬࡇ࡯࠼߽㆑޿߹ߔߒ‫ޔ‬ቇ↢ߣᚲຬߩ┙႐ߩ㆑޿߽޽ࠅ߹ߔ߆ࠄන⚐ߦߪᲧセߢ߈߹ߖࠎ߇‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥቶ㑆࡮‛ᕈ⎇ߦ޿ࠆੱߚߜห჻ߩߟߥ߇ࠅߪએ೨ࠃࠅ߽Ꮧ⭯ߦߥߞߡߒ߹ߞߚ᳇߇ߒ߹ߔ‫᧲߇⑳ޕ‬ᶏߣᨰࠍߒࠂߞߜࠀ߁ᓔᓳߒߡ޿ߚߚ߼
߆‫ޔ‬ᑪ‛ߩ౉ࠅญ߇૗ࠞᚲ߽޽ࠆߖ޿߆‫ޔ‬ᚲຬળߢߥ޿ߣ߅ળ޿ߒߥ޿వ↢߽ᄢ൓޿ࠄߞߒ߾޿߹ߒߚ‫ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޕ‬㧔ᄢቇ㒮↢ߩߣ߈ߩࠃ߁ߦෘ߆߹ߒߊ㧕޽ߜߎߜߦⓍᭂ⊛ߦ㗻ࠍ಴ߖ߫⦟߆ߞߚߩ߆߽ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ߇‫ޔ‬ฦಽ㊁ࠍઍ⴫ߔࠆ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥ⠪߇ᢙᄙߊ㓸߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ⎇ⓥᚲߥߩߛ߆ࠄ߽ߞߣỚኒߦ੤ᵹߔࠆᯏળ߇޽ߞߡ߽⦟޿ߩߢߪߣ߽ᕁ޿߹ߔ‫‛ޕ‬ᕈ⎇ߩߘࠇߙࠇߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩ⢻ജߩ✚๺ߪ‫ޔ‬න⚐ߦ⿷ߒวࠊߖߚߛߌߢ߽߽ߜࠈࠎᄢ߈ߥ߽ߩߢߔ߇‫⎇ޔ‬ⓥ⠪㑆ߩ⋧੕૞↪߇߽ߞߣᒝߊߥࠇ߫න⚐ߥ✚๺ࠍ㆝߆ߦ⿥߃ߚ߽ߩߦߥࠆߪߕߢߔ‫⥄ޕ‬ὼߦߘ߁޿߁ᯏㆇ߇↢߹ࠇࠆߩࠍᓙߞߡ޿ߡ߽޿޿ߩ߆߽
ߒࠇ߹ߖࠎ‫‛ߪߎߎޔ߽ߢޕ‬ᕈ⎇ࠄߒߊ‫ޔ‬㜞޿࿶ജ߿ᒝ޿ᄖ႐ࠍട߃ߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿ಝ❗⋧ࠍߟߊࠆ⹜ߺࠍߒߡߪ޿߆߇ߢ
ߒࠂ߁߆‫ߩࠇߙࠇߘޕ‬ㇱ㐷߿ᣉ⸳߇‫⥄ޔ‬ಽߚߜߩዻߔࠆࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ࡯ࠍਥߚࠆኻ⽎ߣߒߡᄖߦะ߆ߞߡࠃࠅᄙߊߩ㑐ᔃࠍะߌߡ޿ࠆ‫⃻߇ߩ߁޿ߣޔ‬࿷ߩ‛ᕈ⎇ߩ޽ࠅᣇߩࠃ߁ߥ᳇߇ߒ߹ߔ‫౒ޔࠎࠈߜ߽ޕ‬ห೑↪⎇ߣߒߡඨ਎♿೨ߦࠬ࠲࡯࠻
ߒߚએ਄‫૶ߥ߁ࠃߩߘޔ‬๮߇޽ࠆߎߣߪุቯߒ߹ߖࠎ߇‫ޔ‬ౝㇱߩߟߥ߇ࠅࠍᒝ࿕ߦߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬㐳޿⋡ߢ⷗ࠇ߫‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ⓥࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ࡯ో૕ߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ੐ߦ❬߇ࠆߪߕߛߣାߓߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬‛ᕈ⎇ߦ⌕છߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߚᤨ߆ࠄ‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ࠍ㔌છߒߡ੹ߦ޿ߚࠆ߹ߢ‫ޔ‬ᭂ߼ߡᄙߊߩᣇ‫߅ߦޘ‬਎⹤ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬⎇ⓥቶߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯‫ޔ‬ਛᕈሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ‫ޔ‬ᚲຬࠍߪߓ߼ߣߔࠆ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩᣇ‫ߡߒߘޔޘ‬ᨰ੐ോㇱߩ㧔ఝ⑲߆ߟ₂り⊛ߥ㧍㧕⊝᭽ᣇߦ‫ߩߎޔ‬႐ࠍ୫ࠅߡᓮ␞ࠍ↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫ࠅ᦭ޕ‬㔍߁ߏߑ޿߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㒋ᄢᑝ↰⎇ߪ⼾ਛࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬߩᱜ㐷ࠊ߈ߩᑪ‛㧔ℂቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ F ᫟㧕2 㓏ߦ޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬દਤⓨ᷼߆ࠄࡕࡁ࡟࡯࡞ߢ 2 㚞㧔㧗ᓤᱠ 7 ಽ㧕ߢߔ‫ޕ‬ㄭߊߦ߅޿ߢߩ㓙ߪ‫ޔ‬ߤ߁ߙ߅┙ߜነࠅߊߛߐ޿‫ޕ‬
29໤଻ࡄͬၗͦ̀

㧔ඊȫॲުܿ੅௙ࣣࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼! ࡄ‫ ! !֥ݪ‬ఱ౓! ৘!
ర᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ‛ᕈℂ⺰⎇ⓥㇱ㐷 ᧖㊁⎇ⓥቶ ഥᢎ ‛ᕈ⎇ࠍォ಴ߒߡ߆ࠄ 3 ࡩ᦬߇⚻ߜ‫⎇ߩߢ⎇✚↥ޔ‬ⓥ↢ᵴߦ߽ᘠࠇߡ߈߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᐲ‫ޔ‬ォ಴ߩ᜿ᜦࠍ౗ߨߡ‛ᕈ⎇ߛࠃࠅߦၫ╩ߐߖߡ޿ߚߛߊᯏળࠍ㗂߈߹ߒߚߩߢ‫߅ޔ‬਎⹤ߦߥߞߚᣇ‫ࠍ␞߅ߩ߳ޘ‬౗ߨߡ‫ޔ‬4 ᐕඨߩ‛ᕈ⎇ߢߩ⎇ⓥ↢ᵴ߿ᣂߒ޿ⅣႺߢߩᣂ↢ᵴߥߤߦߟ޿ߡᦠ߆ߖߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⑳߇‛ᕈ⎇ߦ⌕છߒߚߩߪ 2003 ᐕ 10 ᦬ߩߎߣߢߔ‫ޕ‬2000 ᐕ 4 ᦬߆ࠄ 1 ᐕ㑆ࡐࠬ࠼ࠢߣߒߡ‛ᕈ⎇⒖ォߩᐕߦ߽߅਎
⹤ߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔߩߢ‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ߦ⌕છߔࠆߩߪ 2 ࿁⋡ߦߥࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߿⎇ⓥቶߩ๟ࠅߩᣇ‫ޘ‬߽⦟ߊ⍮ߞߡ޿ߚߩߢ‫⌕ޔ‬છᓟߪࠬࡓ࡯࠭ߦ⎇ⓥࠍᆎ߼ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߒߚ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥ࠹࡯ࡑߪ᧖㊁వ↢߆ࠄ޿ߊߟ߆ߏឭ᩺
޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ⅣႺ໧㗴ߥߤߢᵈ⋡ߩ㜞޿Άᢱ㔚ᳰ㑐ଥߩ઀੐߇⋡┙ߟߛࠈ߁ߣ޿߁ࡒ࡯ࡂ࡯ߥℂ↱ߢ‫ޟ‬࿕ᶧ⇇㕙ߢߩ㔚᳇ൻቇ෻ᔕߩࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ‫ࠍࡑ࡯࠹߁޿ߣޠ‬ㆬ߮߹ߒߚ‫ᦨޕ‬ೋߩ⚂ 2 ᐕ㑆ߪᣂߒ޿⸘▚ᚻᴺߩ㐿⊒ߦ⾌߿ߐࠇ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᚻᴺ㐿⊒ߪ⚻㛎ߩߥ޿ߎߣߥߩߢ㕖Ᏹߦ㔍⥶ߒ߹ߒߚ߇‫᧖ޔ‬㊁వ↢ߩㆡಾߥࠕ࠼ࡃࠗࠬߣ☼ࠅᒝ޿࠺ࠖࠬࠞ࠶
࡚ࠪࡦߩ߅߆ߍߢߤ߁ߦ߆ᒻߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߒߚ‫ߩߘޕ‬ᓟ‫ޔ‬ታ㓙ߩ♽߳ㆡ↪ߒߡ㔚᳇ൻቇ෻ᔕࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߎߣߦᱷࠅ
ߩᤨ㑆ࠍ⾌߿ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ࡓ࡜ࠣࡠࡊޕ‬㐿⊒߿⠨ኤߥߤߦߪ‛ᕈ⎇ᄖߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ߩᣇ‫߽ߦޘ‬㕖Ᏹߦ߅਎⹤ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙ߩ⸘▚ߪ‛ᕈ⎇ߩࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲߿࿾⃿ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࠲ߥߤ࿖ౝᄖࠍ⷗ᷰߒߡ߽ߎࠇએ਄⿃ᴛߥᚲߪߥ޿ߣ޿߃ࠆ߶ߤ
ߩⅣႺߢⴕ߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈߹ߒߚ‫੹ޕ‬࿁ߩᚻᴺ㐿⊒߆ࠄታ㓙ߩ⸘▚߹ߢߩ⚻㛎ߪ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩ⥄ಽߩ⎇ⓥߩᣇะᕈࠍ᳿߼ࠆ㕖Ᏹ
ߦ㊀ⷐߥ‛ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ߊ⦟ޕ‬ಽ߆ߞߡ޿ߥ޿Ბ㓏ߩ⑳ࠍߎߎ߹ߢዉ޿ߡਅߐߞߚ᧖㊁వ↢ߦᗵ⻢޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ߐߡ‫⇣ߦ⎇✚↥ޔ‬േߒߡ 3 ࡩ᦬߇⚻ߜ߹ߒߚ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬㑆ߦ߽᭽‫⚻ߥޘ‬㛎ࠍߒ߹ߒߚ‫⇟৻ޔߕ߹ޕ‬㛳޿ߚߩߪ੤ㅢߩଢ
ߩᖡߐߢߔ‫‛ޕ‬ᕈ⎇߽޽߹ࠅ੤ㅢߩଢ߇޿޿ᣇߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ߇‫߆ࠆߪߩߘߪ⎇✚↥ޔ‬਄ࠍⴕ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ㛳޿ߚߩߪᣂ
ੱ⎇ୃ߇ 8 ᣣ㑆߽ᴱ߹ࠅㄟߺߢⴕࠊࠇߚߎߣߢߔ‫ߢ߹੹ޕ‬ᄢቇߩ⡯ຬߒ߆⚻㛎߇ߥ߆ߞߚߩߢ‫ߩ⥸৻ޔ‬ળ␠ߢ߿ࠆࠃ߁
ߥ⎇ୃߪೋ߼ߡߢᚭᖺ޿߹ߒߚ‫ߊోߢߍ߆߅ߩୃ⎇ߩߎޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬ធὐߩߥ޿ࠃ߁ߥᣇ‫߽ߣޘ‬⍮ࠅว޿ߦߥࠇ߹ߒߚ‫↥ޕ‬✚⎇ߪ㕖Ᏹߦᄢ߈ߥ⚵❱ߢ⎇ⓥ⠪ߣ੐ോ♽ߩᣇ‫ߩߣޘ‬ធὐߪ߶ߣࠎߤ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐߪ‛ᕈ⎇ߩࠃ߁ߦዊߐߥ⚵❱ߢߺࠎߥ߇๺᳇޽޿޽޿ߣ߿ߞߡ޿ߚ㗃߇ᙬ߆ߒߊᗵߓ߹ߔ‫⎇ޕ‬ⓥߦ㑐ߒߡߪ߹ߛᆎ߹ߞߚ߫߆ࠅߢߔ߇‫౒ޔ‬ห⎇ⓥࠍ޿ߊߟ߆┙ߜ਄ߍࠆߥߤ㗅⺞ߥṖࠅ಴ߒࠍߒߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔ‫‛ޕ‬ᕈ⎇ߩ⊝᭽ߦ߽᳇ઃ޿ߡ޿ߚߛߌࠆࠃ߁ߥ⚿ᨐࠍ಴ߖࠆࠃ߁㗎ᒛࠅߚ޿ߣᕁߞߡ߅ࠅ߹ߔߩߢ‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߣ߽ߤ߁߆ቱߒߊ߅㗿޿ߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᦨᓟߦߥࠅ߹ߔ߇ 4 ᐕඨߩ‛ᕈ⎇࿷છਛߦߪᄢᄌᄙߊߩᣇ‫߅ߩޘ‬਎⹤ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬੐ോߩᣇ‫⎇߿ޘ‬ⓥቶߩࠬ࠲࠶ࡈ
ߩදജ߇ߥߌࠇ߫లታߒߚ⎇ⓥ↢ᵴࠍㅍࠆߎߣߪߢ߈߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬਄ߢ߽ᦠ߈߹ߒߚ߇‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ߢߪ⎇ⓥቶߩߺߥࠄߕ
2 㓏ߩ੐ോߩᣇ‫߽߃ߐߢޘ‬㗻⷗⍮ࠅߩࠃ߁ߥ㔓࿐᳇ߢ઀੐߽ࠬࡓ࡯࠭ߦⴕ߃߹ߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐ߇‛ᕈ⎇ߩ㕖Ᏹߦ⦟޿ᚲߛߣ
ᕁ޿߹ߔ‫౏⥸৻߿࡯ࠖ࠹࡯ࡄࠕࡆޔߚ߹ޕ‬㐿ߥߤߢ᭽‫ߥޘ‬੤ᵹ߇ߢ߈ߚߎߣߪ᦭ᗧ⟵ߢߒߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬႐ࠍ߅୫ࠅߒߡ‛ᕈ⎇ᤨઍߦ߅਎⹤ߦߥߞߚ⊝᭽ߦᗵ⻢ߩᗧࠍ↳ߒ਄ߍ߹ߔ‫‛ޕ‬ᕈ⎇߽ 50 ๟ᐕߣ޿߁▵⋡ࠍㄫ߃ߡᣂߚߥࠬ࠲࡯࠻ࠍಾߞߚߎ
ߣߣᕁ޿߹ߔ߇‫੹ޔ‬ᓟߩᦝߥࠆ⊒ዷࠍ␨ᔨߒߟߟ⚿߮ߦߒߚ޿ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬30໤଻ࡄχȜ·ΏοΛί༭࣬!

໦ঊ଻൵ఘ͈ഩ‫ك‬ဝ̨ͣ͂๱஌ࠁഥ൵!
!
ᣣᤨ㧦ᐕ㧡᦬ᣣ ᳓  㧦㨪㧦႐ᚲ㧦᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ 㧢㓏⻠⟵ቶឭ᩺⠪ኹፒ ৻㇢  ᣧⒷ↰ᄢቇℂᎿቇⴚ㒮㊁਄ ↱ᄦ  ጟጊᄢቇᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼ዊᒻ ᱜ↵  ᧲੩ᄢቇℂቇ♽⎇ⓥ⑼ᆂየ ੳ༹  ᣣᧄේሶജ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴ട⮮ ጪ↢  ᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ᫪ ೋᨐ  ᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ 㕖✢ᒻߪᐢߊ⥄ὼ⇇ߦߺࠄࠇࠆ⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޔߪߢߎߘޕ‬ᱜߩࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢߣߣ߽ߦ‫ߣࠇߘޔ‬ᷓߊ㑐ଥߒߚ⽶ߩࡈࠖ࡯࠼ࡃ࠶ࠢ߇௛߈‫ޔ‬᭽‫ߥޘ‬ᗧᄖᕈࠍߪࠄࠎߛ⃻⽎ࠍ↢ߺ಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫❱⚵ࠍࠄ⥄ߦ߁ࠃߩ‛߈↢߇ࡓ࠹ࠬࠪޔߦ․ޕ‬ൻߒߡ޿ߊ⁁ᘒߣߒߡߪ‫ޔ‬หᦼ⃻⽎㧔ࠪࡦࠢ㧕߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇ‫࡯ࠠࠬࡦࠖ࠹ࡏࠩޔ‬ൻቇ෻ᔕ߆ࠄ‫ޔ‬ᖺᤊߩ゠㆏‫ޔ‬૗ජ඘߽ߩⰯ߇޿ߞߖ
޿ߦశࠆ↢‛ߩ㓸࿅ⴕേ‫ޔߪߦࠄߐޔ‬ᔃ⤳ߩേ߈‫ޔ‬⣖ౝߩ࠾ࡘ࡯ࡠࡦห჻ߩࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ╬ߩ↢๮⃻⽎ߦ߹ߢ⎇ⓥ߇෸ࠎߢ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ㄭᐕ‫ޔ‬ಽሶᕈዉ૕ಽ㊁ߢ߽‫ޔ‬㔚⩄⒎ᐨߩ㔚႐ᔕ╵ߦࠃࠆ㕖✢ᒻવዉ߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߪ♽ߩߎޕ‬㔚⩄ំࠄ߉ߦࠃࠆᄖ
႐ᔕ╵ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼‫޿߈ߒޔ‬㔚႐߇ૐߊ‫ߩ⌀ޔ‬㔚ሶ♽ߩ㕖ᐔⴧ⑼ቇࠍ⎇ⓥߔࠆ⥰บ߇ឭଏߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⚿ߩߘޕ‬ᨐ‫ޔ‬੤ᵹ⊒ᝄߣ޿߁ࠪࡦࠢ⃻⽎‫ޔ‬ᄖ႐ᔕ╵ߦࠃࠆḰ቟ቯ⁁ᘒߩ಴⃻ߣ޿߁‫ޔ‬㊀ⷐߥ㕖ᐔⴧ⃻⽎߇᷹ⷰߐࠇ‫⾰‛ޔߡ޿ߟߦࠄࠇߘޔ‬㐿⊒‫ޔ‬㔚႐ߦࠃࠆേ⊛ߥ⚿᥏᭴ㅧᄌൻ‫ޔ‬ಽశቇ⊛ታ㛎‫ᤨޔ‬㑆ಽ⸃㕖✢ᒻવዉ‫⏛ޔ‬႐ਅߢߩ㕖✢ᒻવዉ‫ޔ‬㕖✢ᒻવዉߩℂ⺰⊛⎇ⓥߥߤ߇ฦᚲߢ♖ജ⊛ߦㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߥ߁ࠃߩߎޕ‬⢛᥊ࠍ㐓ߺ‫ߩߎޔߪߢࡊ࠶࡚ࠪࠢ࡯ࡢᧄޔ‬㔚⩄ំࠄ߉ߣ㕖✢ᒻવዉߩㅴዷߦߟ޿ߡ‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭߩታ㛎ߣℂ⺰ߩ⃻⁁ࠍ৻ၴߦળߒߡ⸛⺰ߒ‫ޔ‬㕖✢ᒻ⑼ቇߩᣂߚߥዷ㐿ࠍᦼߒߡ㐿௅ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
 1 ᣣߩࡢ࡯࡚ࠢࠪ࠶ࡊߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ‫ޔ‬ᚲౝᄖ߆ࠄ 66 ฬ߇ෳടߒ‫ޔ‬ᵴ⊒ߥ⼏⺰߇ߥߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ෳടߐࠇߚቇᄖߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬ᄢᄌ໪⊒⊛ߥ⎇ⓥળߢ޽ߞߚߣߩࠦࡔࡦ࠻߽޿ߚߛ߈‫੹ࠅࠃߦ⺰⼏ߩߢࡊ࠶࡚ࠪࠢ࡯ࡢޔ‬ᓟߩ⎇ⓥߩㅴዷ߇ᦼᓙߐ
ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

31

ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡜ ࡓ
10:0010:05 ᫪ ೋᨐ㧔᧲ᄢ‛ᕈ⎇㧕ߪߓ߼ߦᐳ㐳 ᫪ ೋᨐ㧔᧲ᄢ‛ᕈ⎇㧕
10:0510:35

ኹፒ ৻㇢㧔ᣧᄢℂᎿ㧕θ ဳ ET Ⴎߩ㕖✢ᒻવዉ ャㅍ⃻⽎ߩ┙႐߆ࠄ

10:3510:55

ᷰㆺ ⌀ผ㧔᧲ർᄢ㒮Ꮏ㧕θ -(BEDT-TTF)2MM'(SCN)4; (M=Cs,Rb,M'=Zn,Co)ߩ㔚⩄⒎ᐨߣ᭴ㅧᄌ⺞

10:5511:15

ጊญ ዏ⑲㧔‛᧚ᯏ᭴㧕㕖✢ᒻવዉࠍ␜ߔ BEDT-TTF ♽᦭ᯏ⛘✼૕ߩ⺃㔚․ᕈߣ⏛᳇ᛶ᛫

11:1511:35

㣮ఽፉ ⺈৻㧔᧲ᄢᢎ㙃㧕θ ဳႮߩ৻ゲᕈ࿶❗ਅ㕖✢ᒻવዉ

11:3511:55

ቝ↰Ꮉ ዁ᢥ㧔᧲ᄢ㒮Ꮏ㧕ಽሶᕈዉ૕θ -ET ♽ߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚⩄ំࠄ߉ߩ౒ሽߣ㔚႐ਅ㕖ᐔⴧቯᏱ⁁ᘒߩℂ⺰⊛⸃ᨆᐳ㐳 ૒‫ ᧁޘ‬ቁᒾ㧔᧲ർᄢ㊄⎇㧕
13:0013:20

ጊᧄ ஜ৻㇢‫ޔ‬㊁਄ ↱ᄦ㧔ጟጊᄢ㒮⥄ὼ㧕θ -(BEDT-TTF)2RbZn(SCN)4 ߩ㔚⩄⒎ᐨ┹วߣ㔚ሶャㅍ

13:2013:40

᧻ਅ ᧂ⍮㓶㧔ฬᄢ㒮ℂ㧕㕖✢ᒻ⊛ዉ㔚․ᕈࠍ␜ߔ᦭ᯏዉ㔚૕ߩ㔚ᵹශട⁁ᘒߦ߅ߌࠆ X ✢⚿᥏᭴ㅧ⸃ᨆ

13:4014:00

ᣂ㑐 ᓆ৻㧔᧲ᄢ‛ᕈ⎇㧕

β -(meso-DMBEDT-TTF)2PF6 ߩ⺃㔚ᔕ╵ߣ㔚႐⺃⿠Ḱ቟ቯ⁁ᘒ

14:0014:20

㜞ᯅ ৻ᔒ㧔᧲ᄢ‛ᕈ⎇㧕meso-DMBEDT-TTF ࡜ࠫࠞ࡞Ⴎߩ㔚⩄⒎ᐨߣ⏛᳇ᛶ᛫

14:2014:40

᫪ ஜᒾ㧔᧲Ꮏᄢ㒮ℂᎿ㧕 ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥ㔚⩄⒖േ㍲૕ߦ߅ߌࠆ㕖✢ᒻવዉ

14:4015:00↰ፉ ⵨ਯ㧔᧲ᄢ‛ᕈ⎇㧕⍹Ꮉ ቇ㧔ർᄢ㒮ℂ㧕

વዉᕈࡈ࠲ࡠࠪࠕ࠾ࡦႮߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚⩄⒎ᐨߣ⏛ᕈߣߩ┹วࡈ࠲ࡠࠪࠕ࠾ࡦႮߩ㕖✢ᒻવዉᐳ㐳 ട⮮ ጪ↢㧔᧲ᄢ‛ᕈ⎇㧕
15:2015:40

᧻Ꮉ ብ㧔㕍ቇℂᎿ㧕ኒᐲᵄߩ㕖✢ᒻવዉࠍᝄࠅ㄰ࠆ

15:4016:00

ᆂየ ੳ༹㧔Spring8㧕㔚⩄⒎ᐨߣ㔚⩄ࡈ࡜ࠬ࠻࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ

16:0016:20

ၳ↰ ⍮૒㧔੩↥ᄢℂ㧕⇣ᣇ⊛ਃⷺᩰሶߩᒝ⚿ว㔚ሶ♽ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ 1+1 ᰴరᕈ

16:2016:40

ḡᎹ ᕺ⟤㧔᧲ᄢ㒮ℂ㧕θ ဳ㧘෸߮θdဳ(BEDT-TTF)2Xߩ㔚⩄⒎ᐨߦኻߔࠆ㔚႐ߩലᨐߩᐔဋ႐⸘▚ᐳ㐳 ቝᴦ ㅴ਽㧔‛᧚ᯏ᭴㧕
16:4017:00

ጯ↰ ⧷ᄦ㧔ฬᄢ㒮Ꮏ㧕

17:0017:20

૒‫ ᧁޘ‬ቁᒾ㧔᧲ർᄢ㊄⎇㧕 K-TCNQ ߩ㕖✢ᒻવዉߣࠬ࠻࡜ࠗࡊࡄ࠲࡯ࡦᒻᚑ

17:2017:40

⼾↰ ⋥᮸㧔᧲ർᄢ㒮ℂ㧕

λ -BETS2FeCl4 ߦ߅ߌࠆ㊄ዻ⛘✼૕ォ⒖ߣ㕖✢ᒻવዉ

17:4018:00

㣮㊁↰ ৻ม㧔᧲ᄢ㒮Ꮏ㧕θ -ET2X ߩࡄ࡞ࠬᒝ㔚႐ਅ NMR

18:00

ኹፒ ৻㇢㧔ᣧᄢℂᎿ㧕

߅ࠊࠅߦ

32

৻ᰴరࡕ࠶࠻⛘✼૕ߩ㕖✢ᒻવዉߣ㔚ᵹ⊒ᝄ⃻⽎ߩត⚝໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼౴დٛ!

ġ඾শȇĳııĹ ාː࠮ ĳĵ ඾Ȫ࿐ȫġ ࡿࢃˍশ ĵı ໦ȡࡿࢃˎশ ĵı ໦ġાਫ਼ȇ૧ႀ֖‫ܖ‬๕൓ఱ࣒݅৒ġ࣒঍ȇőųŰŧįġŅŢŷŪťġŎŢůťųŶŴġ
ĩŐŢŬġœŪťŨŦġŏŢŵŪŰůŢŭġōŢţŰųŢŵŰųźĪġ
ఴ࿒ȇńũŢųŨŦġŐųťŦųŪůŨġŎŢŵŦųŪŢŭŴĻġŕũŦġňŰŰťĭġŵũŦġŃŢťĭġŢůťġŵũŦġŖŨŭźġ
ါকȇġ
Charge ordering phenomena are ubiquitous in correlated electron systems, but despite its conceptual simplicity
charge ordering in real materials is poorly understood. In this talk I will first review the concepts and history of
charge ordering, beginning with Verwey and Wigner in the 1930s. I will then discuss some new charge ordering materials, Fe2OBO3 and LuFe2O4. Fe2OBO3 is an excellent model system, displaying nearly ideal ionic charge order.
LuFe2O4, on the other hand, is a poor model system, but nevertheless displays rich physics, including the appearanceof ferroelectricity as a result of charge ordering. These new materials will be compared with the prototypical material
Fe3O4 (magnetite), which is still poorly understood despite nearly 70 years of study.
The talk will be mostly based on the following 3 papers:[1] Christianson AD, Lumsden MD, Angst M, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 107601 (2008).
[2] Angst M, Hermann RP, Schweika W, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 256402 (2007).
[3] Angst M, Khalifah P, Hermann RP, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 086403 (2007).

඾শȇĳııĹ ාː࠮ ĳĶ ඾Ȫ߄ȫġ ࡿࢃˍশ Ĵı ໦ȡࡿࢃˎশ Ĵı ໦ġાਫ਼ȇ໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼ུ‫ٴ˒܁‬ġ ఱ࣒݅৒ȪłķĴĳȫġ
࣒঍ȇőųŰŧįġŚŶųŪźġŎįġŃŶůŬŰŷġġ Ȫ ŎńŃŕĭġŊůŴŵŪŵŶŵġŏŦŦŭĭġńŏœŔİŖŋŇĭġĴĹıĵĳĭġňųŦůŰţŭŦĭġŇųŢůŤŦȫ ġఴ࿒ȇŔűŪůġŔŶűŦųŧŭŶŪťŪŵźġŢůťġńŰũŦųŦůŵġŔűŪůġőųŦŤŦŴŴŪŰůġĩōŰůťŰůġőųŪŻŦġōŦŤŵŶųŦĪġ
ါকȇġThe spontaneous phase coherent precession of the magnetization in superfluid 3He-B was discovered in 1984 in the
Kapitza Institute, Moscow {A. Borovik-Romanov, Yu. Bunkov, V. Dmitriev, and Yu. Mukharskiy, JETP~Lett.~ 40,1033 (1984). and was explained theoretically as a direct manifestation of spin supercurrent {I. Fomin, JETP~Lett.~
40, 1037 (1984).}. The latter is a magnetic counterpart of mass superfludity and superconductivity. It is also an example of the Bose Einstein Condensation of spin-wave excitations or magnons. The coherent spin precession opened
the way for observation and studies of the other phenomena owing its origin to the spin supercurrent, such as spin
flow along the channel, phase slips at critical value of spin supercurrent, spin-current Josephson effect, spin-current
vortices, nontopological solitons (analogous to Q-balls in high energy physics) etc. New measuring techniques basedon coherent spin precession made possible to observe other novel phenomena in 3He superfluids, such as a massvortex terminating on a soliton sheet, the Goldstone mode of the mass vortex with non-axisymmetric core in 3He-B
etc. Recently, in ISSP, Kashiwa, Japan, the state with coherent precession of magnetization was found in 3He-A insqueezed aerogel.
33඾শȇĳııĹ ාˑ࠮ Ĳĵ ඾Ȫକȫġ ࡿࢃˍশ Ĵı ໦ȡࡿࢃˎশ Ĵı ໦ġાਫ਼ȇ໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼ུ‫ٴ˒܁‬ġ ఱ࣒݅৒ġ࣒঍ȇఱߜġ ࡄ࿟ġġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ĩ൐‫ނ‬ఱ‫ڠ‬໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼ġ ૧໤ৗ‫ݪࡄڠش‬໐࿝ȫġఴ࿒ȇεΑΠβυήΑ΃ͼΠ͈໤଻‫ڠا‬ġါকȇġ㜞࿶࿾⃿⑼ቇ‫ޔ‬࿾㔡ቇ‫‛▚⸘ޔ‬ℂቇߩਃಽ㊁ߢၫࠅⴕࠊࠇߚቇ㓙Ⲣว⊛⎇ⓥߩ⚿ᨐ‫ᦨ࡞࠻ࡦࡑޔ‬ᷓㇱߢ޽ࠆ D”ጀߩਥⷐ᭴ᚑ㋶‛߇ࡐࠬ࠻ࡍࡠࡉࠬࠞࠗ࠻ဳ MgSiO3 ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ[1]ߦ⇼޿ߩ૛࿾ߪήߊߥߞߚ‫⃻ޕ‬࿷ߩ࿾⃿⑼ቇ⊛⥝๧ߪ‫࠻ࠬࡐޔ‬ࡍࡠࡉࠬࠞࠗ࠻⋧ߩ␜ߔ‛ℂ⊛ൻቇ⊛ᕈ⾰ࠍ⺞ߴ‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓸⷞ⊛ᯏ᭴ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆᚲߦ⒖ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᣢߦ‫ޔ‬ᒢᕈᵄㅦᐲߩ
᷹ቯ߇ߥߐࠇ‫৻ߚ߹ޔ‬ゲ࿶ജਅߢߩㆬᛯ㈩ะ߇ⷰኤߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᧄ⻠Ṷߢߪ‫ޔ‬࿾⃿⑼ቇߩᨒ⚵ߺࠍ⿥߃ߡᐢ߇ࠅߟߟ޽ࠆࡐࠬ࠻ࡍࡠࡉࠬࠞࠗ࠻ߩ⑼ቇߦ㑐ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ੑߟߩ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢࠬࠍ⚫
੺ߔࠆ‫ޔߪߟ৻ޕ‬ᣂ‛⾰ CaPtO3 ߩวᚑߢ޽ࠅ‫ߩߘޔ‬᭴ㅧ࠺࡯࠲ࠍၮߦ‫⚿ߩ࠻ࠗࠞࠬࡉࡠࡍ࠻ࠬࡐޟ‬᥏ൻቇ‫[ࠆߓ⺰ࠍޠ‬2]‫ޕ‬߽߁৻ᣇߪ‫ࠣࡦ࡝ࠖࡈޔ‬೙ᓮဳ㊄ዻ⛘✼૕ォ⒖ࠍ␜ߔ Ca1-xNaxIrO3 ߩ㐿⊒ߢ޽ࠆ[3]‫ޕ‬ᡆੑᰴర♽ߩ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ Mott ⛘✼૕ߢ޽ࠆ CaIrO3 ߳ࠠࡖ࡝ࠕࠍᵈ౉ߔࠆߣ‫ޔ‬෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ㊄ዻ⋧ࠍ⚻ߕᏱ⏛ᕈ㊄ዻߦォ⒖ߔࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔ‫ޕ‬[1] M. Murakami, K. Hirose, K. Kawamura, N. Sata, Y. Ohishi: Science, 304, 855 (2004).
[2] K. Ohgushi, Y. Matsushita, N. Miyajima, Y. Katsuya, M. Tanaka, F. Izumi, H. Gotou, Y. Ueda, T. Yagi: Phys. Chem.
Minerals, 35, 189 (2008).
[3] K. Ohgushi, H. Gotou, T. Yagi, Y. Kiuchi, F. Sakai, Y. Ueda: Phy. Rev. B, 74, 241104 (2006).

඾শȇĳııĹ ාˑ࠮ ĳĸ ඾Ȫ‫غ‬ȫġ ࡿࢃˎশ ıı ໦ȡࡿࢃˏশ ıı ໦ġાਫ਼ȇ໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼ུ‫ٴ˒܁‬ġ ఱ࣒݅৒ġ࣒঍ȇőųŰŧįġŕŢŪġńįġńũŪŢůŨġĩࢺర ડ Īġġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ĩŅŦűŢųŵŮŦůŵġŰŧġőũźŴŪŤŴĭġŖůŪŷŦųŴŪŵźġŰŧġŊŭŭŪůŰŪŴȫ ġఴ࿒ȇŕũŪůġŇŪŭŮġņŭŦŤŵųŰůŪŤġŔŵųŶŤŵŶųŦĻġŃŦźŰůťġŵũŦġőŢųŵŪŤŭŦġŪůġŢġŃŰŹġ
ါকȇġThe quantization of electronic states in thin metallic films is now well-established, having been observed in a
number of systems including films on metal as well as semiconductor substrates. The impact of this quantization on
the films' physical properties has been demonstrated in a number of studies, including the dependence on thicknessof films' thermal stabilities, work functions, and superconducting transition temperatures. In the simplest model, theelectrons are confined to the film by the substrate and vacuum interfaces, which act as mirrors to reflect the electrons back into the film, resulting in discrete standing-wave states. In this picture, the substrate forms a reflecting
barrier due to a mismatch of electronic structures between it and the overlayer. This talk will present photoemission
results from a variety of thin-film systems that show more interesting electronic structures due to interactions withthe substrate and interface. The systems studied highlight various effects, including interfacial scattering and diffraction, hybridization of film and substrate states, and the formation of a composite quantum well from a thin metallic film on a semiconductor substrate. In the latter case, the semiconductor depletion region forms part of thequantum well system via coherent coupling between the film and substrate electronic states.

In collaboration with S. J. Tang, N. J. Speer, Y. Liu, D. Ricci, M. Upton, L. Basile, S.-L. Chang, Y.-R. Lee, and T.
Miller34඾শȇĳııĹ ාˑ࠮ ĳĺ ඾Ȫ࿐ȫġ ࡿࢃˏশ ıı ໦ȡࡿࢃːশ Ĵı ໦ġાਫ਼ȇ໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼ུ‫ٴ˒܁‬ġ Γη΢Ȝ৒ łķĲĶġ
࣒঍ȇ२఺ġ გୃġġ Ȫఱिఱ‫ڠ‬ȫġఴ࿒ȇਹ̞ഩঊࠏ಼ഥ൵͈૧̱̞௰࿂ȇ฽‫ޑ‬ঽ଻̨ͣ͂͠ႉ‫ثٮ‬ତ̨͈ͣ͠‫ࣣއ‬ġါকȇ㊀޿㔚ሶ♽㧔ߣߊߦ Ce ♽㧕ߩ⿥વዉᯏ᭴ߣߒߡߪ෻ᒝ⏛ᕈ㊂ሶ⥃⇇ὐㄭறߩ⏛᳇ࠁࠄ߉߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ߩ߇৻ߟ
ߩࡄ࡜࠳ࠗࡓߣߥߞߡ߆ࠄ྾ඨ਎♿ߦߥࠈ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޔߒ߆ߒޕ‬10 ᐕ߶ߤ߹߃߆ࠄᏗ࿯㘃ࠗࠝࡦߩଔᢙ߇ᕆỗߦᄌൻߔࠆ⃻⽎ߣߘࠇߦ઻߁⇣Ᏹߥ㔚ሶ⁁ᘒߣ⿥વዉ᷷ᐲߩ਄᣹߇᷹ⷰߐࠇߡ‫ޔ‬ᣂߒ޿㕖ࡈࠜࡁࡦ⿥વዉᯏ᭴߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߩߢߪߥ
޿߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇⼏⺰ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬ㄝࠅߩ࡟ࡆࡘ࡯ߣᣂߒ޿⊒ዷߥࠄ߮ߦ੹ᓟߩዷᦸ࡮ࠬࡍࠠࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦߟ޿ߡ
߅⹤ߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬඾শȇĳııĹ ා˒࠮ Ĳı ඾Ȫ‫غ‬ȫġ ࡿࢃˎশ ıı ໦ȡࡿࢃˏশ Ĵı ໦ġાਫ਼ȇ໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼ུ‫ٴ˒܁‬ġ ఱ࣒݅৒ġ࣒঍ȇőųŰŧįġńŦťŰŮŪųġőŦŵųŰŷŪŤġġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ĩńŰůťŦůŴŦťġŎŢŵŵŦųġőũźŴŪŤŴĭġŃųŰŰŬũŢŷŦůġŏŢŵŪŰůŢŭġōŢţŰųŢŵŰųźȫ ġఴ࿒ȇŉŦŢŷźġŇŦųŮŪŰůġŔŦŮŪŤŰůťŶŤŵŰųġŢůťġŔŶűŦųŤŰůťŶŤŵŰųġŮŢŵŦųŪŢŭŴĻġŇŦŔţ ĳ ġ ŢůťġńŦńŰŊů Ķ ġါকȇġ
Unconventional semiconductor FeSb2 is shown to be a good model material to study new aspects of Kondo Insulator
physics in transition metal compounds with 3d ions I will present study of structural, thermodynamic magnetic andelectrical transport properties starting from the early anisotropy study in high quality crystals, and ending with arecent discovery of colossal magnetoresistance in Fe1-xCoxSb2. This will be followed by brief overview of some recent
advances in our understanding of CeCoIn5 and other projects at BNL.
඾শȇĳııĹ ා˒࠮ Ĳĳ ඾Ȫ࿐ȫġ ࡿࢃːশ ıı ໦ȡࡿࢃːশ Ķı ໦ġાਫ਼ȇ໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼ུ‫ٴ˒܁‬ġ ఱ࣒݅৒ġ࣒঍ȇ࿤࢛ġ ฎংġġ ġ ġ ġ ġ Ȫ൐‫ނ‬ఱ‫ڠ‬໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼ġ ໤଻ၑაࡄ‫ݪ‬໐࿝ȫġఴ࿒ȇၠͦͥ͢ͅ୤ࠬ‫ݩ‬Ȃডৗ઀༾͈་ࠁġŅŦŧŰųŮŢŵŪŰůġŰŧġœŦťġţŭŰŰťġŤŦŭŭŴġŢůťġŷŦŴŪŤŭŦŴġŪůġŧŭŰŸŴġ
ါকȇġ⿒ⴊ⃿ߪᄌᒻߔࠆߎߣߢ⥄りߩ⋥ᓘࠃࠅ⚦޿Ძ⚦ⴊ▤ࠍߥ߇ࠇࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫♧ޕ‬ዩ∛ߥߤߩ∛᳇╬ߢ⿒ⴊ⃿ߩᄌᒻ⢻߇⪭ߜࠆߣⴊᵹߦᡰ㓚߇↢ߓࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓥߞߡ‫⚦ޔ‬⢩ߩᄌᒻߣㆇേߩ઀⚵ߺࠍℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣߪ‫ޔ‬කቇ⊛ߥ⷗࿾߆ࠄ߽㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߘߎߢ‫ࠍࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯࡟ࡘࡒࠪޔ‬ਥߦ↪޿ߡ‫ޔ‬ᵹࠇߦࠃࠆ⿒ⴊ⃿‫ޔ‬⢽⾰ࡌࠪࠢ࡞ߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬࠍ⎇ⓥߒߚ‫ޕ‬ න⚐ߖࠎᢿᵹߦ߅޿ߡ‫ࠎߖޔ‬ᢿᒝᐲ‫☼ߩ⤑ޔ‬ᐲ‫ߩ࡞ࠢࠪࡌޔ‬૕Ⓧߥߤߦଐሽߒߡ‫ߩ࡞ࠢࠪࡌޔ‬ㆇേ⁁ᘒ߇ᄌࠊࠆߣ౒ߦ‫ޔ‬ࡌࠪࠢ࡞ߩᒻᘒォ⒖߇⿠ߎࠆ‫ޕ‬ᵹࠇߦࠃߞߡ‫ޔ‬౞⋚⁁ߩࡌࠪࠢ࡞߇᫔⁁ߦᒁ߈ᑧ߫ߐࠇߚࠅ‫ߚ߹ޔ‬ㅒߦ❗߼ࠄࠇߚࠅߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎࠇࠄߩ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬߪ㧞ᄌᢙߩᓸಽᣇ⒟ᑼߢℂ⸃ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߹ߚ‫▤⚦ޔ‬ਛࠍᵹࠇࠆ⿒ⴊ⃿߇‫ޔ‬ᵹㅦߩჇടߦ઻޿‫ޔ‬౞⋚⁁߆ࠄࡄ࡜ࠪࡘ࡯࠻⁁߳ᒻᘒォ⒖ߔࠆ‫ޔ޿઻ߦࠇߘޕ‬ṁᶧߩᵹ૕ᛶ᛫ߪᷫዋߔࠆ‫⚿ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᨐߪ⿒ⴊ⃿ߩታ㛎ߣࠃ޿৻⥌ࠍߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
References: H. Noguchi and G. Gompper, PRL 93, 258102 (2004); PRE 72, 011901 (2005); PNAS 102, 14159 (2005);
PRL 98, 128103 (2007).

35૽! ম! ։! ൲!

‒
ⅨᄂᆮᢿᧉሁⅩ‒ⅎ‒ ࠯঺․•࠰≗உ‥•ଐ˄ↀ≋ᠴ‒ Ꮀ≌൞‒ ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒৑‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‫‒ޓ‬ৗ‒ ᝶‒ ᘽ‒ ‫ ‒ٽ‬ಊᨂ࿢‫ؾ‬ཋࣱᄂᆮᢿᧉ‒Ꮀ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒২ᘐᎰՃ‒‚Ꮛδ˞ಅˊՃ‛ီ‒ ‒ ѣ‒ ‒ ϋ‒ ‒ ܾ‒࠼޽‫ܖٻ‬ᄂᆮՃ↧‒‒ⅎ‒ ࠯঺ ․• ࠰≘உ≔ଐ˄ↀ‒≋੔‒ ဇ≌൞‒ ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒৑‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‫‒ޓ‬Ꮀ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒᣼‒ ӝ‒ Ҧ‒ Ӯ‒ ᧽‫ޓ‬ཋឋᚨᚘᚸ̖଀ᚨ‒ϱ‒ ૙‒ ੉‒ီ‒ ‒ ѣ‒ ‒ ϋ‒ ‒ ܾ‒∌∞∐⇩⇸ᄂᆮ৑ࠝѮᄂᆮՃⅺ↸‒‒ⅎ‒ ࠯঺․•࠰≘உ‣‣ଐ˄ↀ‒≋ᠴ‒ Ꮀ≌‒൞‒ ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒৑‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‫‒ޓ‬؉‒ ჽ‒ ദ‒ ࢀ‒ ཋࣱྸᛯᄂᆮᢿᧉ‒Ꮀ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒я‒ ‒ ૙‒ီ‒ ‒ ѣ‒ ‒ ϋ‒ ‒ ܾ‒ൟ᧓≋‫ٻ‬᜿ᙌᤧ∡≌↧‒‒ⅎ‒ ࠯঺ ․• ࠰≙உ ‣‧ ଐ˄ↀ≋ᠴ‒ Ꮀ≌൞‒ ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒৑‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‫‒ޓ‬Ꮀ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒ီ‒ ‒ ѣ‒ ‒ ϋ‒ ‒ ܾ‒я‒ ‒ ૙‒ி҅‫ܖٻ‬சஹᅹ‫ܖ‬২ᘐσӷᄂᆮ⇡∙⇥∞င‫ܫܖ‬ᡲઃᄂᆮՃ≋ܲՃϱ૙੉≌↧‒৑‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‫‒ޓ‬Ꮀ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒ီ‒ ‒ ѣ‒ ‒ ϋ‒ ‒ ܾ‒‫ ‒ܑ ‒΂ ‒ܪ‬Ӯ‒ ಊᨂ࿢‫ؾ‬ཋࣱᄂᆮᢿᧉ‒২ᘐᎰՃ‒Ӵ‒ ဋ‒ ദ‒ ᘽ‒ έᇢЎήᄂᆮᢿᧉ‒‒ⅎ‒ ࠯঺ ․• ࠰≙உ ‣ ଐ˄ↀ≋੔‒ ဇ≌൞‒ ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒Ꮛδ˞ಅˊՃ≋࠯঺․‣࠰≖உ‥‣ଐ↭↖≌‒‒࠯঺ ․• ࠰≙உ ‥• ଐ˄ↀ≋ᠴ‒ Ꮀ≌൞‒ ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒৑‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‫‒ޓ‬௅‒ ි‒ Ⴚ‒ ʴ‒ ᧽‫ޓ‬ɶࣱ‫܇‬ᅹ‫ܖ‬ᄂᆮ଀ᚨ‒Ꮀ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒я‒ ‒ ૙‒ီ‒ ‒ ѣ‒ ‒ ϋ‒ ‒ ܾ‒‫ܖٻܖٻ᧵ٻ‬ᨈྸ‫ܖ‬ᄂᆮᅹя૙‒‒
Ⅸʙ‒ Ѧ‒ ᢿⅩ‒ⅎ‒ ࠯঺ ․• ࠰≙உ≔ଐ˄ↀ‒≋᠃‒ λ≌൞‒ ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒৑‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‫‒ޓ‬൦‒ ᣼‒ ᘽ‒ ‫ ‒܇‬ኺྸਃ࢘ᛢ‒36Ꮀ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒ီ‒ ‒ ѣ‒ ‒ ϋ‒ ‒ ܾ‒‫ڎ‬ኖ⇧∞∆ɼ˓ྸ‫ܖ‬ኒᄂᆮᅹሁᄂᆮૅੲ∝‫ٳ‬ᢿ᝻᣿⇧∞∆ɼ˓ⅺ↸ⅎ‒ ࠯঺ ․• ࠰≙உ ‥• ଐ˄ↀ≋ᠴ‒ Ꮀ≌൞‒ ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒৑‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‫‒ޓ‬Ꮀ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒‫ ‒ٻ‬ຓ‒ न‒ ‫‒܇‬ʴʙ∝іѦ⇖∑∞⇽іѦ∝‫ܤ‬μሥྸ⇧∞∆‒̞‒ ‒ Ճ‒ီ‒ ‒ ѣ‒ ‒ ϋ‒ ‒ ܾ‒ෙබ⇈∏⇊⇈∙⇟ཎ˓‫ᧉݦ‬Ճ↧‒‒ⅎ‒ ࠯঺ ․• ࠰≚உ≔ଐ˄ↀ≋᠃‒ Ј≌൞‒ ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒৑‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‫‒ޓ‬Ꮀ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒ီ‒ ‒ ѣ‒ ‒ ϋ‒ ‒ ܾ‒ܷ‒ ؉‒ ଢ‒ ඙‒ ʴʙ∝іѦ⇖∑∞⇽ʴʙ⇧∞∆̞‒ ‒ ᧈ‒ෙබᄂᆮ৑ዮѦᛢዮѦ̞ᧈ↧‒‫ݱ‬᣼᧓‒ ͤ‒ ʚ‒ ዅɨ⊦଀ᚨ⇖∑∞⇽଀ᚨሥྸ⇧∞∆̞‒ ‒ Ճ‒Ҕ‫ܖ‬ᢿ᧽‫ޓ‬၏ᨈሥྸᛢ଀ᚨሥྸ⇧∞∆ɼ˓↧‒‒≋᠃‒ λ≌൞‒ ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒৑‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‫‒ޓ‬Ꮀ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒ီ‒ ‒ ѣ‒ ‒ ϋ‒ ‒ ܾ‒и‒ ᛢ‒ ᧈ‒ᐯ໱ᅹ‫ܖ‬ᄂᆮೞನ‫׎‬ᇌ‫ټ‬૨ӨᝠѦᛢᛢᧈᙀ˱ⅺ↸‒ʴʙ∝іѦ⇖∑∞⇽іѦ∝‫ܤ‬μሥྸ⇧∞∆‒̞‒ ‒ ᧈ‒૙Ꮛ∝‫ܖ‬ဃૅੲኒ‫ܖ‬Ѧ⇖∑∞⇽‫ܖ‬ဃዮѦ⇧∞∆̞ᧈⅺ↸‒Ӟ‫ܢ‬ဋ‒ ‒ ‒ ᆌ‒ ʴʙ∝іѦ⇖∑∞⇽ʴʙ⇧∞∆̞‒ ‒ ᧈ‒Ҕᅹ‫ܖ‬ᄂᆮ৑ዮѦᛢʴʙ̞ᧈⅺ↸‒‫ ‒ޛ‬ဋ‒ ‒ ‒ Ѡ‒ ዅɨ⊦଀ᚨ⇖∑∞⇽଀ᚨሥྸ⇧∞∆̞‒ ‒ Ճ‒߻‫ܖ‬ኒ∝ऴ‫ܖ߻ྸإ‬ኒሁʙѦᢿᝠѦ⇖∑∞⇽଀ᚨሥྸ⇧∞∆ⅺ↸‒Ꮀ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒ီ‒ ‒ ѣ‒ ‒ ϋ‒ ‒ ܾ‒᧺‒ ̬‒ Ҧ‒ ࡍ‒ ኺྸਃ࢘ᛢ‒˱‒ ᕲ‒ ࢀ‒ ೔‒‒≋ᢿϋီѣ≌൞‒ ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒৑‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‫‒ޓ‬‫ ‒ם‬ဋ‒ ค‒ ፦‒ ዅɨ∝଀ᚨ⇖∑∞⇽‒ɼ‒ ‒ ௹‒ዅɨ∝଀ᚨ⇖∑∞⇽ዅɨ∝଄ᝲ⇧∞∆̞ᧈⅺ↸‒ສ‒ ဋ‒ Ⴧܱ‫ ‒܇‬ཋࣱᄂਃ࢘ᛢዮѦ̞‒̞‒ ‒ ᧈ‒ཋࣱᄂਃ࢘ᛢዮѦ̞ɼ˓ⅺ↸‒ฌ‒ ൦‒ ᨻ‒ ࢀ‒ ኺྸਃ࢘ᛢ‫ڎ‬ኖ⇧∞∆‒̞‒ ‒ ᧈ‒ዅɨ∝଀ᚨ⇖∑∞⇽ዅɨ∝଄ᝲ⇧∞∆ɼ˓ⅺ↸‒൦‒ ᣼‒ ᘽ‒ ‫ ‒܇‬ዅɨ⊦଀ᚨ⇖∑∞⇽ዅɨ⊦଄ᝲ⇧∞∆ɼ‒ ‒ ‒ ˓‒ኺྸਃ࢘ᛢ‫ڎ‬ኖ⇧∞∆ɼ˓ⅺ↸‒‒≋ψѦβ≌൞‒ ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒৑‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‫‒ޓ‬Ꮀ‒ ‒ Ӹ‒ᤠ‒ ங‒ ԧ‒ ፦‒ ཋࣱᄂਃ࢘ᛢ‒и‒ ᛢ‒ ᧈ‒ီ‒ ‒ ѣ‒ ‒ ϋ‒ ‒ ܾ‒ዮѦ̞ᧈψѦ⇁β↉↺‒‫‛ޟ‬ᕈ⎇ߛࠃࠅ‫╙ޠ‬ภ╙㧝ภ㗁ߩੱ੐⇣േߩ⸥੐ߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޔ‬એਅߩߣ߅ࠅ⺋ࠅ߇޽ࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬߅ࠊ߮ߒߡ⸓ᱜ޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬≋‫‒≌֚ ‒ۀ‬≋ᛚ≌ࠝᘍჇӮ‒ ᧽‫ޓ‬ཋឋᚨᚘᚸ̖଀ᚨ‒૙੉‒ஜѦ≝‫ܖٻ‬ᨈྸ‫ܖ‬ኒᄂᆮᅹϱ૙੉‒‫֚ۀ‬஖᧓≝࠯঺․•࠰≗உ‣ଐ⊡࠯঺․‣࠰≖உ‥‣ଐ‒≋ദ≌ࠝᘍჇӮ‒ ᧽‫ޓ‬ཋឋᚨᚘᚸ̖଀ᚨ‒૙੉‒ஜѦ≝‫ܖٻ‬ᨈྸ‫ܖ‬ኒᄂᆮᅹ૙੉‒‫֚ۀ‬஖᧓≝࠯঺․•࠰≗உ‣ଐ⊡࠯঺․‣࠰≖உ‥‣ଐ‒37൐‫ނ‬ఱ‫ڠ‬໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼‫࢖֥ޗ‬༡͈̮մඤ!

 ਅ⸥ߦࠃࠅഥᢎߩ౏൐ࠍ޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ㆡછ⠪ߩផ⮈‫ޔ‬Ꮧᦸ⠪ߩᔕ൐ࠍ߅㗿޿޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⸥㧝㧚⎇ⓥㇱ㐷ฬ╬߅ࠃ߮౏൐ੱຬᢙ
ਛᕈሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳㧔ጊቶ⎇ⓥቶ㧕 ഥᢎ㧝ฬ㧞㧚⎇ⓥౝኈ  ᧄ⎇ⓥቶߢߪ‫ޔ‬ᶧ૕‫ⶄߩߤߥࠬ࡜ࠟޔ‬㔀ಝ❗♽ߩ᭴ㅧߣ࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒࠢࠬࠍ‫ޔ‬ਛᕈሶᢔੂᴺࠍਛᔃߦ X ✢࿁᛬‫ޔ‬ᾲ᷹ቯ‫ޔ‬⺃㔚᷹ቯߥߤߩᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ߡ⎇ⓥߒߡ޿ࠆ‫౏ᧄޕ‬൐ߢߪ‫ޔ‬ጊቶᚲຬߣදജߒߡ਄⸥ߩ⎇ⓥߦᓥ੐ߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇߇ᣣᧄේሶജ⎇ⓥ㐿⊒ᯏ᭴㧔᧲ᶏ᧛㧕ߩ⎇ⓥ↪ේሶἹ㧔JRR-3㧕ߢⴕ߁ਛᕈሶᢔੂታ㛎ߩో࿖౒ห೑↪ࠍⓍᭂ⊛ߦផㅴߔࠆᗧ᰼߇޽ࠆ⧯ᚻ⎇ⓥ⠪ࠍᏗᦸߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ᔕ൐⾗ᩰ  ୃ჻⺖⒟ୃੌ‫ߣࠇߎߪߚ߹ޔ‬ห╬એ਄ߩ⢻ജࠍᜬߟᣇ‫ޕ‬㧠㧚છ  ᦼ  છᦼߪ㧡ᐕߣߔࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ౣછߪนߣߒ㧝࿁ࠍ㒢ᐲߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧡㧚౏൐✦ಾ  ᐔᚑ㧞㧜ᐕ㧥᦬㧟㧜ᣣ㧔Ἣ㧕ᔅ⌕㧢㧚⌕છᤨᦼ  ᳿ቯᓟߥࠆߴߊᣧ޿ᤨᦼ
㧣㧚ឭ಴ᦠ㘃 㧔ࠗ㧕ផ⮈ߩ႐ว  ٤ផ⮈ᦠ  ٤ጁᱧᦠ㧔⇛ᱧߢน㧕  ٤ᬺ❣࡝ࠬ࠻㧔․ߦ㊀ⷐߥ⺰ᢥߦ٤ශࠍߟߌࠆߎߣ㧕  ٤ਥⷐ⺰ᢥߩ೎೚㧔㧟✬⒟ᐲ㧕  ٤⎇ⓥᬺ❣ߩ᭎ⷐ㧔㧞㧜㧜㧜ሼ⒟ᐲ㧕  ٤⎇ⓥ⸘↹ᦠ㧔㧞㧜㧜㧜ሼ⒟ᐲ㧕㧔ࡠ㧕ᔕ൐ߩ႐ว
٤ጁᱧᦠ㧔⇛ᱧߢน㧕  ٤ᬺ❣࡝ࠬ࠻㧔․ߦ㊀ⷐߥ⺰ᢥߦ٤ශࠍߟߌࠆߎߣ㧕  ٤ਥⷐ⺰ᢥߩ೎೚㧔㧟✬⒟ᐲ㧕  ٤ᚲዻ㐳࡮ᜰዉᢎຬ╬ߦࠃࠆᔕ൐⠪ᧄੱߦߟ޿ߡߩᗧ⷗ᦠ㧔૞ᚑ⠪߆ࠄᦠ㘃ឭ಴వ߳⋥ㅍ㧕 ٤⎇ⓥᬺ❣ߩ᭎ⷐ㧔㧞㧜㧜㧜ሼ⒟ᐲ㧕  ٤⎇ⓥ⸘↹ᦠ㧔㧞㧜㧜㧜ሼ⒟ᐲ㧕㧤㧚ᦠ㘃ឭ಴వ  ‫ ޥ‬ජ⪲⋵ᨰᏒᨰߩ⪲㧡ৼ⋡㧝⇟㧡ภ        ᧲੩ᄢቇᨰ࿾඙ੱ੐࡮ഭോࠣ࡞࡯ࡊੱ੐࠴࡯ࡓ        㔚⹤  e-mail jinji@kj.u-tokyo.ac.jp㧥㧚ᧄઙߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧޿วࠊߖవ        ᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ㒝ዻਛᕈሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳ ಎᢎ᝼ ጊቶ ୃ        㔚⹤  e-mail yamamuro@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp㧚ᵈᗧ੐㗄‫ޟ‬ਛᕈሶ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥᣉ⸳㧔ጊቶ⎇ⓥቶ㧕ഥᢎᔕ൐ᦠ㘃࿷ਛ‫ޟߪߚ߹ޔޠ‬ᗧ⷗ᦠ࿷ਛ‫ߩޠ‬ᣦࠍᧇᦠߒ‫ޔ‬ㇷㅍߩ႐วߪᦠ⇐ߣߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬㧚ㆬ⠨ᣇᴺ
᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲᢎ᝼ળߦߡክᩏ᳿ቯ޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ㆡછ⠪ߩߥ޿႐วߪ‫ޔ‬᳿ቯࠍ଻⇐޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬     ᐔᚑᐕ㧢᦬ᣣ            ᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ㐳                 ኅ   ᵏ ᒄ38൐‫ނ‬ఱ‫ڠ‬໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼‫࢖֥ޗ‬༡͈̮մඤ!

 ਅ⸥ߦࠃࠅഥᢎߩ౏൐ࠍ޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ㆡછ⠪ߩផ⮈‫ޔ‬Ꮧᦸ⠪ߩᔕ൐ࠍ߅㗿޿޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬⸥㧝㧚⎇ⓥㇱ㐷ฬ╬߅ࠃ߮౏൐ੱຬᢙ
‛ᕈℂ⺰⎇ⓥㇱ㐷㧔᧖㊁⎇ⓥቶ㧕 ഥᢎ㧝ฬ㧞㧚⎇ⓥౝኈ  ᧄ౏൐ߢߪ╙৻ේℂ⊛ߥ⸘▚ᚻᴺࠍ⊒ዷߐߖ‫⴫߫߃଀ޔ‬㕙࡮⇇㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆബ⿠⁁ᘒ߿േജቇ⊛ㆊ⒟ߣ޿ߞߚ‛⾰⑼ቇ
ߩࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕࠍ㐿ᜏߔࠆᗧ᰼ߩ޽ࠆ⧯ᚻ⎇ⓥ⠪ࠍᏗᦸߔࠆ‫‛ޕ‬ᕈ⎇ᚲ᦭ߩࠬ࡯ࡄ࡯ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ߩㆇ↪ߦ߽㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ߚߛߊ‫ޕ‬㧟㧚ᔕ൐⾗ᩰ  ୃ჻⺖⒟ୃੌ‫ߣࠇߎߪߚ߹ޔ‬ห╬એ਄ߩ⢻ജࠍᜬߟᣇ‫ޕ‬㧠㧚છ  ᦼ  છᦼߪ㧡ᐕߣߔࠆ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ౣછߪนߣߒ㧝࿁ࠍ㒢ᐲߣߔࠆ‫ޕ‬㧡㧚౏൐✦ಾ  ᐔᚑ㧞㧜ᐕ㧝㧜᦬㧞㧠ᣣ㧔㊄㧕ᔅ⌕㧢㧚⌕છᤨᦼ  ᳿ቯᓟߥࠆߴߊᣧ޿ᤨᦼ
㧣㧚ឭ಴ᦠ㘃 㧔ࠗ㧕ផ⮈ߩ႐ว  ٤ផ⮈ᦠ  ٤ጁᱧᦠ㧔⇛ᱧߢน㧕  ٤ᬺ❣࡝ࠬ࠻㧔․ߦ㊀ⷐߥ⺰ᢥߦ٤ශࠍߟߌࠆߎߣ㧕  ٤ਥⷐ⺰ᢥߩ೎೚㧔㧟✬⒟ᐲ㧕  ٤⎇ⓥᬺ❣ߩ᭎ⷐ㧔㧞㧜㧜㧜ሼ⒟ᐲ㧕  ٤⎇ⓥ⸘↹ᦠ㧔㧞㧜㧜㧜ሼ⒟ᐲ㧕 㧔ࡠ㧕ᔕ൐ߩ႐ว
٤ጁᱧᦠ㧔⇛ᱧߢน㧕  ٤ᬺ❣࡝ࠬ࠻㧔․ߦ㊀ⷐߥ⺰ᢥߦ٤ශࠍߟߌࠆߎߣ㧕  ٤ਥⷐ⺰ᢥߩ೎೚㧔㧟✬⒟ᐲ㧕  ٤ᚲዻ㐳࡮ᜰዉᢎຬ╬ߦࠃࠆᔕ൐⠪ᧄੱߦߟ޿ߡߩᗧ⷗ᦠ㧔૞ᚑ⠪߆ࠄᦠ㘃ឭ಴వ߳⋥ㅍ㧕 ٤⎇ⓥᬺ❣ߩ᭎ⷐ㧔㧞㧜㧜㧜ሼ⒟ᐲ㧕  ٤⎇ⓥ⸘↹ᦠ㧔㧞㧜㧜㧜ሼ⒟ᐲ㧕㧤㧚ᦠ㘃ឭ಴వ  ‫ ޥ‬ජ⪲⋵ᨰᏒᨰߩ⪲㧡ৼ⋡㧝⇟㧡ภ        ᧲੩ᄢቇᨰ࿾඙ੱ੐࡮ഭോࠣ࡞࡯ࡊੱ੐࠴࡯ࡓ        㔚⹤   e-mail jinji@kj.u-tokyo.ac.jp㧥㧚ᧄઙߦ㑐ߔࠆ໧޿วࠊߖవ        ᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ‛ᕈℂ⺰⎇ⓥㇱ㐷 ಎᢎ᝼ ᧖㊁ ୃ        㔚⹤   e-mail sugino@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp㧚ᵈᗧ੐㗄‫‛ޟ‬ᕈℂ⺰⎇ⓥㇱ㐷㧔᧖㊁⎇ⓥቶ㧕ഥᢎᔕ൐ᦠ㘃࿷ਛ‫ޠ‬‫ޟߪߚ߹ޔ‬ᗧ⷗ᦠ࿷ਛ‫ߩޠ‬ᣦࠍᧇᦠߒ‫ޔ‬ㇷㅍߩ႐วߪᦠ⇐ߣߔࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬
㧚ㆬ⠨ᣇᴺ
᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲᢎ᝼ળߦߡክᩏ᳿ቯ޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޔߒߛߚޕ‬ㆡછ⠪ߩߥ޿႐วߪ‫ޔ‬᳿ቯࠍ଻⇐޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬     ᐔᚑ  ᐕ㧢᦬  ᣣ             ᧲੩ᄢቇ‛ᕈ⎇ⓥᚲ㐳                  ኅ   ᵏ ᒄ39໤଻ࡄ‫ݪ‬ਫ਼஻ၛ 61 ਔාܱැ੄ๅ

ȸ32ଲ‫͈ܮ‬໤ৗ‫ڠش‬ȝड୶౤̦̥ͩͥȹ༎ਬࢃܱ
ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕ⸥ᔨ੐ᬺߩࡔࠗࡦࠗࡌࡦ࠻ߪ‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕ 11 ᦬ 29 ᣣߦᨰࠠࡖࡦࡄࠬߢⴕࠊࠇߚࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ‫ޔ‬೨ᄛ⑂߆ࠄᆎ
߹ߞߡ‫⸥ߩߢᧁᧄ౐ޔ‬ᔨࠪࡦࡐࠫ࠙ࡓ‫ ࠄ߆ࠇߎޟࡦ࡚ࠪ࠶ࠞࠬࠖ࠺࡞ࡀࡄޔ‬50 ᐕߩ⑼ቇߪ㧫‫ ߡߒߘޔޠ‬ANA ࠗࡦ࠲࡯ࠦ
ࡦ࠴ࡀࡦ࠲࡞ࡎ࠹࡞ߢߩ⸥ᔨࡄ࡯࠹ࠖ࡯߹ߢ⋓ᄢߦⴕࠊࠇ߹ߒߚ‫⻠ߏޕ‬Ṷ‫ߏޔ‬೉Ꮸ޿ߚߛ޿ߚᣇ‫⸥ߪߦޘ‬ᔨ੐ᬺታⴕᆔຬ
ળᆔຬߩ৻ੱߣߒߡ޽ࠄߚ߼ߡᗵ⻢޿ߚߒ߹ߔ‫ߩߎޔߡߐޕ‬ᄢࠗࡌࡦ࠻ࠍߪߐࠎߢ೨ᓟ 1 ᐕ㑆ߦࠊߚߞߡ☽‫ߣޘ‬ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ઀੐߇ߎߩ⸥ᔨ಴ ੐ᬺߢߔ‫ޕ‬5 ᦬ 22 ᣣߦၭ㘑㙚߆ࠄ⽼ᄁߣߥࠅ‫✬ޔ‬㓸ᜂᒰ⠪ߪࠃ߁߿ߊ⢋ߩ⩄ࠍਅࠈߔߎߣ
߇ߢ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߘ߽ߘ߽ߎߩડ↹߇ᶋ਄ߒߚߩߪ‫⸥ޔ‬ᔨ੐ᬺߣߒߡ৻࿁߈ࠅߩⴕ੐ߛߌߢߥߊ૗߆ᒻߦߥࠆ߽ߩࠍᱷߒߚ޿ߣ޿߁㗿޿߇޽ߞߚ߆ࠄߢߔ‫ࠍ࡞࡯ࠢࠬ࡯ࡑࠨޕ‬㐿޿ߡ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ࠍᱷߘ߁ߣ߆‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ߩ⚫੺ࡆ࠺ࠝࠍ૞ࠈ߁ߥߤߣ޿߁⹤߽޽ࠅ߹
ߒߚ߇‫ޔ‬ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળߢߩ⼏⺰ߩᧃ‫ߊߴࠆߥޔ‬ᄙߊߩᣇߩ⋡ߦ⸅ࠇࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠅ‫ޔ‬ኼ๮߽㐳޿߽ߩߣߒߡ໪⫥ᦠߩ಴ ߦⴕ߈⌕޿ߚࠊߌߢߔ‫ޕ‬ᤄ‫‛ޟޔ‬ᕈ⑼ቇߩߔߔ߼‫࠭࡯࡝ࠪ߁޿ߣޠ‬㧔ో㧟Ꮞ㧕߇޽ߞߚߩࠍߏሽ⍮ߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬1977 ᐕߦ಴ ߐࠇߚࠪ࡝࡯࠭ᦨ
ೋߩᧄߪㄭⷺవ↢߇ડ↹ߐࠇ‫ޔ‬ᒰᤨߩ‛ᕈ⎇ᚲຬ߇ฦ┨ࠍಽᜂၫ╩ߒߡ‫ޔ‬ೋ╬⊛ߥ࿕૕‛ℂߩ⹤߆ࠄ⺑߈⿠ߎߒߚജ૞ߢ‫ޔ‬߆ߥࠅߩㇱᢙ߇ᄁࠇߚߣ⡞޿ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬ᢙᐕߩ߁ߜߦ‫ޔ‬ਃᶆ‫↢ޔ‬᎑ਔవ↢߇✬㓸ߐࠇߚ⛯✬‫߇✬ޘ⛯ޔ‬਎ߦ಴߹ߒ
ߚ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟߪ‛ᕈ⎇ߣߒߡડ↹ߒߚ໪⫥ᦠߪ޽ࠅ߹ߖࠎߢߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߣߎࠈ߇‫ߩߘޔ‬ᓟߩ 20 ᐕ㑆ߦ‫ޔ‬㊂ሶࡎ࡯࡞ലᨐ‫ޔ‬㜞᷷⿥વዉߩ⊒⷗߿ฦ⒳⿛ᩏࡊࡠ࡯ࡉ㗼ᓸ㏜ߩ⊒᣿ߥߤ‛ᕈ⑼ቇߩ
⊒ዷߪ⋡ⷡߒ޿߽ߩ߇޽ࠅ‫ߡ߼ߚࠄ޽ߦᦼᤨߩߎޔ‬໪⫥ᦠࠍ಴ ߔࠆߎߣߪᄢ޿ߦᗧ⟵߇޽ࠆߣ޿߁⚿⺰ߦ㆐ߒ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙‫ᦨޔ‬ㄭߩࡁ࡯ࡌ࡞‛ℂቇ⾨ࠍ⷗ߡߺߡ߽‫⑼⾰‛ޔ‬ቇ޽ࠆ޿ߪ‛ᕈߦ㑐ଥߒߚ߽ߩ߇ඨᢙએ਄ࠍභ߼ߡ޿߹ߔ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬ൻቇ⾨߽‛ᕈ⎇ߩ⎇ⓥ㗔ၞߦዻߔࠆ߽ߩ߇ᴛጊ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫‛ߢߎߘޕ‬ᕈ⎇߇ഃ┙ 50 ๟ᐕࠍㄫ߃ࠆߩࠍᯏߦ‫ ߩߎޔ‬20 ᐕ㑆ߩᣂߒ޿࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢࠬࠍਛᔃߦߒߚ‫⑼⾰‛ޟ‬ቇ‫ߩޠ‬໪⫥ᦠࠍ಴ ߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩ໪⫥ᦠߪ‫⾨࡞ࡌ࡯ࡁޔ‬㑐ଥࠍ฽߻ᣂⷙߥ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢࠬ߆ࠄ㊀ⷐ߆ߟಽ߆ࠅ߿ߔ޿߽ߩࠍㆬࠎߢ⸃⺑ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ‫ޔ‬‛⾰⑼ቇߩ㕙⊕ߐ‫ޔ‬㛳߈‫ޔ‬ᄞࠍ⺒⠪ߦવ߃ࠆߎߣࠍ╙৻ߩ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ᄢቇߩ㧝‫ޔ‬㧞ᐕ↢⒟ᐲߩ੍஻⍮⼂ߢචಽߦ⺒߼ࠆࠃ߁ߦᐔᤃߦ⸥ㅀߔࠆ৻ᣇߢ‫ᦨޔ‬వ┵⎇ⓥߩ৻┵߹ߢ૗ߣ߆၂㑆⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߣ޿߁ήℂ㔍㗴ߦᔕ߃ߡ‫ޔ‬‛ᕈ⎇ౝᄖߩ⪺⠪߇ᅗ㑵ߒ‫ޔ‬12 ߩ࠻ࡇ࠶ࠢࠬߣࠛࡇࡠ࡯ࠣߣ޿߁߆ߚߜߢ৻ౠߩᧄߦ߹ߣ߼߹ߒߚ‫⸥ߩࠇߙࠇߘޕ‬੐ߪ৻᳇ߦ⺒߼ࠆ㐳ߐߦߒߡ޽ࠅ‫߽ࠫ࡯ࡍ࡯࡜ࠞޔ‬ട߃ߡⷫߒߺ߿ߔߊߒߚߟ߽ࠅߢߔ‫‛ޟߪ࡞࠻ࠗ࠲ޕ‬ᕈ⑼ቇ‫߆ࠆߔߦޠ‬‫⑼⾰‛ޟ‬ቇ‫ᦨߢ߆ࠆߔߦޠ‬ᓟ߹ߢᖠߺ߹ߒߚ߇‫߽ߦੱߩ⥸৻ޔ‬ℂ⸃ߒ߿ߔߊߣ޿߁ᗧ๧ߢᓟ⠪ࠍㆬ߮߹ߒߚ‫ࠗࠩ࠺⚕⴫ޕ‬ࡦ߿Ꮺߩᢥ┨ߦ߹ߢߎߛࠊߞߡ૞ߞߚ‫ޟ‬ഭ૞‫ޔ߇ߔߢޠ‬ᢎ㙃⺖⒟ะ߈ߦߒߡߪዋߒ࡟ࡌ࡞߇㜞ߊߥߞߡߒ߹ߞߚߩߢ‫ޔ‬ᄁࠇⴕ߈߇ᔃ㈩ߢߪ޽ࠅ߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ㅒߦ޿߁ߣ‫‛ޟޔ‬ᕈ⎇ߛࠃࠅ‫⺒ߩޠ‬⠪ߩ⊝᭽ߦ߽චಽߦᭉߒࠎߢ޿ߚߛߌࠆౝኈߢߪߥ޿߆
ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬ታ㓙‫✬ߩߎޔ‬㓸૞ᬺߩߥ߆ߢ‫ࠄߐ੹ޟ‬⡞ߌߥ޿‫⇣ޠ‬ಽ㊁ߩീᒝࠍߐߖߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᤚ㕖‫ߚ޿⺒৻ߏޔ‬ߛ߈‫߽ߦߜߚੱ޿⧯ޔ‬൘߼ߡ޿ߚߛߌࠆߣ‫⑼⾰‛ޔ‬ቇߩᦝߥࠆᵴᕈൻߦߟߥ߇ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣᦼᓙߒ‫⚕ߩߎޔ‬㕙ࠍ୫ࠅߡ⽼ᄁଦㅴࠍ౗ߨߡ⚫੺⸥੐ࠍᦠ߆ߖߡ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬⋡ᰴߥߤ⹦⚦ߪ‫‛ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ࡎ࡯ࡓࡍ࡯ࠫߩ࡝ࡦࠢࡏ࠲ࡦ߆ࠄߏⷩਅߐ޿‫ޕ‬
ᐔᚑ 20 ᐕ 7 ᦬ ✬㓸ᆔຬ  ᧃర  ᔀൎᧄ ା๋

40༎ġ ਬġ ࢃġ ܱߎࠎߥ⑳ߢ߽࿑ᦠᆔຬ㐳ߥߩߢ‫‛ޟ‬ᕈ⎇ߛࠃࠅ‫ߩߣޠ‬㑐ࠊࠅ߇ᷓߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆࠊߌߢߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᤓᐕ‫ޔ‬޽ࠆవ↢߆ࠄ‫ޟ‬ำߪ‫ోޔ‬࿖ߩ⎇ⓥ⠪ࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ߳ߩᖱႎ⊒ାᚻᲑߣߒߡߩ‫‛ޡ‬ᕈ⎇ߛࠃࠅ‫ߩޢ‬ᗧ⟵ࠍಽ߆ߞߡ޿ࠆ߆㧫‫‛ޡ‬ᕈ⎇ߛࠃࠅ‫ࠍޢ‬ㅢߒߡ⺑᣿⽿છࠍᨐߚߔߎߣ߇ో࿖౒ห೑↪⎇ߣߒߡߩ߅ᓎ⋡ߣ૞ᴺߢ޽ࠅ‫‛ޡߩ߹޿ޔ‬ᕈ⎇ߛࠃࠅ‫ߩߘߪޢ‬ᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߢߪߥ޿߆㧫ߎߎᢙᐕ㑆‫ޔ‬ᴺੱൻᓟߩኻᔕ߿዁᧪⸘↹ߦߟ޿ߡߩ⸥੐ࠍ⋡ߦߒߚߎߣ߇ߥ޿߇‫ߪࠇߎޔ‬ᄢᄌᱷᔨߢ޽ࠆ‫ޠޕ‬ߣ޿߁⿰ᣦߩࡔ࡯࡞ࠍ޿ߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ‫ߏߥ߽ߣߞ߽ߪࠇߎޔߪ⑳ޕ‬ᗧ⷗ߣᕁ޿‫ࠇߘޔ‬એ㒠ߪߥࠆߴߊ‛ᕈ⎇ߩ⃻⁁߿዁᧪⸘↹߇⷗߃ࠆࠃ߁ߥ⹹㕙૞ࠅࠍᔃ߇ߌߡߪ߅ࠅ߹ߔ‫ࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬ታ㓙ߦ߅વ߃ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߪ‫⁁⃻ޔ‬ႎ๔߿ㅴⴕਛߩࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦߟ޿ߡߢ޽ࠅ‫ߛᧂޔ‬዁᧪⸘↹ࠍ⚫੺ߔࠆߦߪ⥋ߞߡ߅ࠅ߹ߖࠎ‫‛ޕ‬ᕈ⎇ࠍ⦁ߦ༙߃ࠆߥࠄ߫‫ޔ‬ℂᔨ߇⋡⊛࿾ߢ዁᧪⸘↹ߪߐߒߕ߼⥶〝⸳ቯߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬ㆡಾߥ⥶〝⸳ቯߥߒߦ⦁߇⋡⊛࿾ߦㄡࠅ⌕ߊߎߣߪਇน⢻ߣᕁ޿߹ߔ߇‫ޔ‬ᴺੱൻߣ޿߁
፲ߦㆣ޿‫ߧߖᦼ੍ޔ‬ᶏᵹߩᄌൻߦࠃߞߡᵹߐࠇߚ⦁ߪ‫⃻ޔ‬࿷ᣂߚߥ⥶〝ࠍ⸳ቯߒ⋥ߒߡ޿ࠆߣߎࠈ
ߢ‫ޔ‬ᄤ୥߇࿁ᓳߒ‫ޔ‬๟ࠅߩ᭽ሶ߇ߪߞ߈ࠅߔࠇ߫ᣂߒ޿⥶〝ࠍ⊝᭽ߦ߅⍮ࠄߖߢ߈ࠆߣାߓߡ߅ࠅ
߹ߔ‫ޕ‬‫‛ޟ‬ᕈ⎇ߛࠃࠅ‫ࠍޠ‬ㅢߒߡᣂߒ޿዁᧪⸘↹߇⊒ାߐࠇࠆߘߩᤨߎߘ‫ޔ‬ᚲᄖߩࠦࡒࡘ࠾࠹ࠖ߳ߩ
⺑᣿⽿છࠍᨐߚߔߛߌߢߥߊ‫ޔ‬ᚲౝߩ‫⊛⋡ߪ޿ࠆ޽ޔ‬࿾ࠍ⍮ࠄߕߦਸ਼⦁ߒߡ޿ࠆ⦁ຬ߳ߩ‫ޟ‬ฦຬ৻ጀᅗബദജߖࠃ‫ߩޠ‬ᄢภ઎ߣߥࠆߩߢߪߥ޿ߢߒࠂ߁߆‫ޕ‬㊄ ㆏ ᶈ ৻