᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢࠕ㊊ሙ࡙ࡃࡾࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕΰᡂⓗㄯヰᐇ㊶ࠖ
Hybrid discourse practice as scaffolding of students’ writing
ᑠᯘ୍㈗*KOBAYASHI Kazutaka
1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ࡇࡢᑠㄽ࡛ࡣࠊࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮Ꮫ⩦ࡢࠕ㊊ሙ࡙ࡃࡾࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᩍᐊㄯヰࡢᒎ㛤࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ⮬㌟࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᐇ㉁ࢆㄆ㆑࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⩦άືࡢ࡜ࡽ࠼᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࢆຍ࠼ࠊ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࡢ୍ຓ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᩍ⫱◊✲ࡣ㸪1980 ᖺ௦௨㝆ࠊࠕᏛᰯෆࠊࡑࡋ࡚ከᵝ࡞Ꮫᰯእ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫ
ࢺ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓ♫఍ᩥ໬ⓗ࡞◊✲㡿ᇦࡀᣑ኱ࠖ(Nystrand 2006:22)ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓὶࢀࡢᇶ┙࡟ࡣࢸࢡࢫࢺㄽࡸࢹ࢕ࢫࢥ࣮ࢫ◊✲ࡢᡂᯝࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶࢪࣕࣥࣝศᯒࡣ㞟ᅋࡸඹྠయ࡜࠸࠺♫఍࣭ᩥ໬ⓗどⅬࢆ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᩍ⫱◊✲࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊᏛ⩦⪅⮬㌟࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢ⏕ᡂ㐣⛬࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓ◊✲ࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
Swales(1990)ࡣࠊࠕඹ㏻ࡍࡿゝㄒࡸゝㄒ౑⏝ࡢつ⠊ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜࠺ேࡢඹྠయࠖࢆࠕㄯヰࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕(discourse community)ࠖ࡜ࡋࠊ᭩ࡁࡇ࡜ࡤࡢࢪࣕࣥࣝࡢᏛ⩦ࢆࠕㄯヰࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ࠖ
࡬ࡢཧຍ㐣⛬࡜ࡋ࡚࡜ࡽ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(Swales1990:23) ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᙜヱࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࡟㐺ษ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ࡟╔┠ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࠊ᪤Ꮡࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࡟㐺ᛂࡍࡿࡔࡅࡢᏛ⩦࡜࡞ࡾࠊㄯヰࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ࡀࢪࣕࣥࣝࡢᶵ⬟ࡸᙧᘧࢆணࡵつᐃࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋࢪࣕࣥࣝࡢᵝᘧࡀᙜヱࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࡟࠾࠸࡚⮬᫂ࡢつ⠊ࢆᣢࡘ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿሙྜࠊ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࡬ࡢཧຍ⪅࡟ࠕつᐃࡉࢀᶆ‽໬ࡉࢀࡓୡ⏺ほࠖࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ(Swales 1990:29-31) ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࢪࣕࣥࣝࡢつ⠊ᛶࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡣࠕᨭ㓄ⓗ࡞ࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮࡟┤㠃ࡍࡿࠖࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊ⮬㌟ࡢ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ㐣ᑠホ౯ࡋࠊᶆ‽ⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࡬ࡢ㐺ษ࡞ཧຍ࡟ኻᩋࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ(Hyland 2004:146) ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊࢪࣕࣥࣝࢆ♫఍ⓗάືࡢᵝᘧ࡜ࡋ࡚࡜ࡽ࠼ࡘࡘࠊࡑࡢᵝᘧࡢ㢮ᆺࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋࡓᙧᘧ໬ࠊつ⠊໬࡟ࡼࡿᣦᑟࡣࠊゝㄒ౑⏝⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ⏕ᡂ࡜࠸࠺ഃ㠃ࢆ㜼ᐖࡋ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸࡜ࡢၥ㢟ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓၥ㢟ࢆࡩࡲ࠼ࠊBazerman(1994)ࡣࠊࠕ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽࡣࠊ୍ᐃࡢ♫఍ⓗ࡞ຠᯝࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊఱࡽ࠿ࡢᏳᐃࡋࡓ♫఍ⓗ࡞つ๎ࡢṇࡋࡉࡢ⠊ᅖෆ࡛ࠊᏳᐃࡋࡓ♫఍ⓗ࡞ࢶ࣮࡛ࣝ᭩ࡃ࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠖࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠕᩍ⫱ᏛࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽࡣࠊ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ⏕ᚐࡀ෌⌧࡛ࡁ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞Ᏻᐃⓗ࡞ᙺ๭㛵ಀࠊ័⩦ⓗ࡞సἲࠊᙧࠊࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࠊ࠾ࡼࡧ⾜ືࢆせㄳࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࠖࢆၥ࠸┤ࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠕᏛ⏕ࢆ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢດຊ࡜ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ࡬࡜ᑟࡁࠊ඲ࡃ᪂ࡋࡃ≉ẁࡢ‽ഛࡢ࡞࠸ಶࠎࡢಟ㎡ⓗ࡞⾲⌧ࡢᶵ఍࡟❧ࡕྥ࠿ࢃࡏࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋࠖ(Bazerman1994:126) ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ㞟ᅋⓗ࡛♫఍ⓗ࡞άືᵝᘧ࡜࡜ࡽ࠼ࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡢഃ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᵝᘧࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ⮬࡛᫂ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡲࡓ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ඛ❧ࡗ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ⏕ᡂࡍࡿࠕ⾲⌧ࡢᶵ఍ࠖ࡟Ꮫ⩦ࡢዎᶵࢆぢฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ
ồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓⓎ᝿ࡣࠊ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ▱㆑ࡀ༑ศ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ึ➼ᩍ⫱ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕసື୰ࡢ⛉Ꮫࠖࠕసࡽࢀࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ⛉Ꮫࠖ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⛉Ꮫࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ 1 ࡸࠕᑓ㛛ᛶ(disciplinarity)ࠖ
࡬ࡢ㛵୚ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡿ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ࣭ࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡟ᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᣦ᦬ࢆࡩࡲ࠼࡚࡜ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢࡀࠊ♫఍ᩥ໬ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡟❧⬮ࡋࡓ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᩍ⫱◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㘽࡜࡞ࡿᴫᛕࡣࠕኌ(voice)ࠖ࡜ࠕᑐヰ(dialogue)࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࠕኌࠖ࡜ࡣࠕ♫఍* ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊ⓗ࡞⎔ቃࡢ୰ࡢࡳ࡛Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࠖ(࣮࣡ࢳ 1995:74)ゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕ♫఍ᩥ໬ⓗ≧ἣࠖ࡟ࠕ╔ᗋࠖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(㧗ᮌ 2001:108-109) ࡑࢀࡣࠊࠕ≉ᐃࡢ♫఍ᩥ໬ⓗ࡞≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᅛ᭷ࡢヰࡍ୺య࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊࡲࡉ࡟ࠕኌࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࠖࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࠕࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞άື㡿ᇦ࡟ศ໬ࡋࡓࠊᅛ᭷ࡢ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᏳᐃࡋࡓᙧᘧࠖࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࠕ♫఍ⓗゝㄒࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᛶ㉁ࢆᣢࡘࠋ(ᅵᒇ 2004:135) ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕᑐヰࠖࡢᴫᛕ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࠕࢸࢡࢫࢺࠊࢹ࢕ࢫࢥ࣮ࢫࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡿ≧ἣ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ♫఍ⓗᐇ㊶ࠖ࡜ࡢぢ᪉ࢆᇶᮏ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕ♫఍ᵓ㐀ࠊࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ࢹ࢕ࢫࢥ࣮ࢫࡢ┦஫ࡢ஺ࢃࡾࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡢ⠊ᅖ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃព࿡⏕ᡂࡢάື࡟࠾ࡅࡿືⓗ࡞ࢸࢡࢫࢺᙧᡂࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࠖ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
(Kamberelis,1999:405) ࡲࡓࠊ➹⪅ࡶࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ◊✲࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺ⏕ᡂ㐣⛬ࡢศᯒࠊグ㏙ࢆ
⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ(ᑠᯘ 2014a,2014b,2015,2016,2018)ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࡇ࡛ㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡣࠊᏛ⩦⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᏛ⩦ࡢᐇ㉁ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᤕᤊࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋሯ⏣(2003)ࡣࠊࠕᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ⮬ࡽࡢゝㄒ౑⏝ࡢᐇ㝿࡟཯┬ⓗ࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࠖ(ሯ⏣ 2003:15)
࡟Ꮫ⩦ࡢᐇ㉁ࢆぢฟࡍ࡜࠸࠺᪉ྥᛶࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࠕࣜࢸࣛࢩ࣮ᐇ㊶ࢆࠊ♫఍࡬࡜㛤࠿ࢀࡓࠊࡑࡢ⾜Ⅽ⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ពᅗࡉࢀᐇ⌧ࡉࢀ⥆ࡅࡿ㐣⛬࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡓୖ࡛ࠊࡇࡢᐇ㊶ࡢ࠸࠿࡞ࡿᒁ㠃ࡸㄽ⌮ࢆᩍ⫱ୖಖ㞀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ࡀㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠖ(ྠ:23)࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊKamberelis(2001)࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕΰᡂⓗㄯヰᐇ㊶(Hybrid discourse practice)ࠖ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᩍᐊㄯヰࡢㄽࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᏛ
⩦⪅ࡀ⮬㌟ࡢ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢព㆑໬࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⩦άືࢆ࡜ࡽ࠼ࡿ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ⪃ᐹࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ2. ࠕ㊊ሙ࡙ࡃࡾࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕΰᡂⓗㄯヰᐇ㊶ࠖ
Kamberelis & Scott(1992)ࡣࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑐヰⓗࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢศᯒࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᏛ
⩦࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕㄯヰᐇ㊶ࡸ♫఍ⓗ࡞ไᗘࡢᵓ㐀ࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ㏻ࡋࡓᑐ❧ࡸⴱ⸨ࠖ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡓ㆟ㄽࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࠊࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕኌࠖࡢΰΆᛶࡀព㆑໬ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡣ⮬㌟ࡢ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕᑐ❧ࡸⴱ⸨ࠖࢆ࠸࠿࡟஌ࡾ㉺࠼ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ㄢ㢟࡟ྥࡁྜ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊ
ࡑࢀࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚᭩ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿ♫఍ⓗࠊᩥ໬ⓗ࡞ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡜ࡢኚᐜࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡋࠊࡑࡇ࡟᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᏛ
⩦ࡢᐇ㉁ⓗෆᐜࢆㄆࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺ぢ᪉ࢆᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ぢ᪉࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᏛ⩦࡜ࡑࡢᣦᑟ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕᏛ⏕ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡢゝㄒࠊᗈ⠊࡞័⩦ࠊࢸࢡࢫࢺࠊࡑࡋ࡚Ꮫ⩦࡟้ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ౯್ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࡇࢀࡽࡢ౯್ࢆ⏕ࡴࡼ࠺࡞⮬ศࡢᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞♫఍ⓗ≧ἣ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୺ほᛶࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ⪃࠼ࢆᙧసࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ἲࢆၥ࠺ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽጞࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢၥ࠸ࡣᩍᖌࢆྵࡴᩍᐊ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢຊࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᥈ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆྵࡴࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍᐊࡣࠊ⌮ㄽ࡜ᐇ㊶࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᑐヰࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟ᚑ஦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࠊࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡣᩍᖌ࡜Ꮫ⏕ࡀṔྐⓗ࡞᫬㛫࡜ᙼࡽ⮬㌟ࡢ⏕ࡢ⌧ᐇࡢ≧ἣ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡼࡾ㐺ษ࡞ࡦ࡜ࡲ࡜ࡲࡾࡢ 1 ࢭࢵࢺࡢᗈ⠊࡛ලయⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶ࢆసࡾฟࡋᚓࡿ⌧ሙ࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࠖ(Kamberelis & Scott 1992:401)2

ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢࠕ⮬ศࡢᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞♫఍ⓗ≧ἣ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୺ほᛶ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࢀࡽࡢ⪃࠼ࢆᙧసࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ἲࢆၥ࠺ࠖࡇ
࡜ࡣࠊࠕᩍᖌࢆྵࡴᩍᐊ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࠖࡢ୰࡛౯್ほࡸ࢖ࢹ࢜ࣟࢠ࣮ࡢࠕᐃᆺⓗᵝᘧࠖࢆᣢࡘኌࡢᏑᅾ࡟᥋ࡋ࡞
ࡀࡽࠊࡑࡢኌࡢᙧసࡽࢀࡿ㐣⛬ࢆࡓ࡝ࡾࠊ㐳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ3 ᩍᐊ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀከḟඖࡢኌ࡜ࡢ⤖ࡧࡘࡁ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀព㆑໬ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᩍᐊࡀࠕᩍᖌ࡜Ꮫ⏕ࡀṔྐⓗ࡞᫬㛫࡜ᙼࡽ⮬㌟ࡢ⏕ࡢ⌧ᐇࡢ≧ἣ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡼࡾ㐺ษ࡞ࡦ࡜ࡲ࡜ࡲࡾࡢᗈ⠊࡛ලయⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶ࢆసࡾฟࡋᚓࡿ⌧ሙࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿኌࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡟⮬㌟ࢆ఩⨨࡙ࡅࡿάື࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ⮬ศࡢᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞♫఍ⓗ≧ἣ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୺ほᛶ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࢀࡽࡢ⪃࠼ࢆᙧసࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ἲࢆၥ࠺ࠖࡇ࡜ࡣ࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࠋࡲࡓࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓሙ㠃࡜ࡣලయⓗ࡟ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞┦஫స⏝࡜ࡋ࡚ල⌧ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢࠕ㊊ሙ࡙ࡃࡾࠖ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡣࠊྠᵝ࡟ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⩦ሙ㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┦஫స⏝ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ᭩ࡁᡭ࡜ᩍᖌࡸ௚ࡢᏛ⩦⪅࡜ࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆ㏻ࡋࡓ᭩࠿ࢀࡓࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡬ࡢ㛵୚ࡢሙ㠃࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡢࠕ㊊ሙ࡙ࡃࡾࠖ࡜ࡣࠊࠕᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ⊂ຊ࡛ࡣ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡋࡓࡾࠊᐇ㊶࡟㛵୚࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺㐺ษ࡞᥼ຓࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࠕᏛ⩦⪅࡟ㄢ㢟ゎỴࡢ᪉ἲࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡾࠊㄢ㢟࡟㛵୚ࡍࡿ≉ᚩ࡟┠ࢆྥࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᙉㄪࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ⊂ຊ࡛ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡼࡾ㧗ḟࡢ㐙⾜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟᥼ຓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦࡍࠋࠖ(⛅⏣ 2006:168)ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕ㊊ሙ࡙ࡃࡾࠖࡢⓎ᝿ࢆ࡜ࡾࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ᭩࠿ࢀࡓࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆᏛ⩦⪅ࡀᑐヰⓗ࡟₇ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡋ࡚᭩࠿ࢀࡓࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆࠕኚ᥮ࠖࡍࡿ
άືࡀࠕᏛࡧࡢ᱌ෆࠖࠕⓎぢࡢ᱌ෆࠖ࡜࡞ࡾᏛ⩦ࡢࠕ㊊ሙࠖ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ぢ᪉ (Polman & Pea 2007:302)࡟╔┠ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛ࠊKamberelis ࡟ࡼࡿࠕΰᡂⓗㄯヰᐇ㊶ࠖࡢᴫᛕ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᩍᐊㄯヰࡢศᯒࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢࠕ㊊ሙ࡙ࡃࡾࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞┦஫స⏝ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࢆලయⓗ࡟ぢ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
3. ࠕΰᡂⓗㄯヰᐇ㊶ࠖ
Kamberelis(2001)ࡣࠊᩍᐊㄯヰࡢศᯒࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊⓎヰࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ」ᩘࡢኌ࡜ࡑࡢ㛵ಀࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ᩍᖌ࡜Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢࡸࡾྲྀࡾࡢ୰࡛ព㆑໬ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿ࢆศᯒࠊ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㘽࡜࡞ࡿᴫᛕࡣࠕΰᡂⓗㄯヰᐇ㊶(hybrid discourse practices)࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࠕΰᡂⓗㄯヰᐇ㊶ࠖ࡜ࡣࠊㄯヰ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿヰ⪅ࡢࡦ࡜ࡲ࡜ࡲࡾࡢⓎヰࡸⓎヰࡢ᩿∦ࡀࠕΰᡂⓗ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ」ᩘࡢኌ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚ࡦ࡜ࡲ࡜ࡲࡾࡢㄯヰࡢᒎ㛤ࢆ࡜ࡽ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋKamberelis ࡣࠊࠕΰᡂⓗㄯヰᐇ㊶ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ձ」ᩘࡢ
ᩥ໬ⓗࣇ࣮࣒ࣞࡢ✚ᒙ໬ࠊղㄯヰ࡟࠾ࡅࡿཧຍ⪅࡜ཧຍ⪅ࡢ㛵ಀࡢኚ໬ࠊճཧຍ⪅ࡢ㛫ࡢᙺ๭࣭ᶒຊ㛵ಀࡢኚ໬࡜࠸࠺ 3 ࡘࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(Kamberelis2001:89)
ձࡢࠕࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ(frame)ࠖ࡜ࡣࠊ♫఍ⓗάືࡢἲ๎࡛࠶ࡾࡑࡇ࡬ࡢ୺ほⓗ㛵୚࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣࠕྛேࡢ⤒㦂࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ┦ᡭࡢពᅗࢆ᥎ㄽࡋࡓࡾࠊゎ㔘ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㝿࡟౑ࢃࢀࡿ♫఍ⓗ࣭ᩥ໬ⓗ▱㆑ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ㸦ᵓ㐀㸧࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࠕࠕ఍ヰ⪅ࡀ⌧ᅾᦠࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⾜Ⅽࡀఱ࡞ࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄆ㆑ࠖࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡜ࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࠖࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(㧗ᮌ 2008:222)ղࡢㄯヰ࡟࠾ࡅࡿཧຍ⪅࡜ཧຍ⪅ࡢ㛵ಀࡢኚ໬࡜ࡣࠊㄯヰࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿⓎヰࡢ୰࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞」ᩘࡢኌࡀ
㑅ᢥࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟╔┠ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ Kamberelis ࡣࠊGoffman(1959, 1981)ࡀヰࡋゝⴥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚タᐃࡋࡓࠕࣇࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ(footing)ࠖࡢᴫᛕ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕ⾜Ⅽ(performer)ࠖ࡜ࠕᙺ᯶(character)ࠖࠊ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ࠕᙺ᯶ࠖࢆ
ᵓᡂࡍࡿࠕᩥ㈐⪅(principal)ࠖࠕⴭ⪅(author)ࠖࠕⓎኌ⪅(animator)ࠖࡢ⠊␪ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ⾜Ⅽࠖ࡜ࡣヰ⪅࡟ࡼࡿⓎヰࡑࢀ⮬య࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕᙺ᯶ࠖ࡜ࡣⓎヰ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᘬ⏝ࡸヰἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㑅ᢥࡉࢀࡓࡿ」ᩘࡢ❧ሙࡸᙺ๭࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᩥ㈐⪅ࠖࠊࠕⴭ⪅ࠖࠊࠕⓎኌ⪅ࠖࡢ≉ᚩࡣḟࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕᩥ㈐⪅ࠖ࡜ࡣ☜ᅛ࡜ࡋࡓ❧ሙ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚୺ᙇࡸಙᛕࢆ⾲᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕⴭ⪅ࠖࡣ㆟ㄽࢆᩚ⌮ࡋゝⴥࢆ㑅ࡧ࡞ࡀࡽⓎヰࡢព࿡ࡸᙳ㡪ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㏙࡭ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊࠕⓎኌ⪅ࠖࡣ㌟యⓗ࡞Ⓨヰࡢ⾜Ⅽࡢᙜ஦⪅࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊసᐙࡸࢥ࣓ࣥࢸ࣮ࢱ࣮ࡀ⮬㌟ࡢ⪃࠼ࡸಙ᮲㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣឤ᝟࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ヰࡍࡇ࡜ࡣࠕᩥ㈐⪅࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊᨻᗓࡢሗ㐨ᐁࡸࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࢟ࣕࢫࢱ࣮ࡀ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡࡽࢀࡓ㆟ㄽࢆ㸦ணࡵసᡂࡉࢀࡓᩥ᭩࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸧බⓗ࡟㏙࡭ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠕⴭ⪅ࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡑࡢሙ࡛Ⓨゝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ゝⴥࢆⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᮏேࡣࠕⓎኌ⪅ࠖ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊㄯヰࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᫂☜࡟༊ูࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࡴࡋࢁⓎヰࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟࠶ࡿ㆟ㄽࡸཧ⪃㈨ᩱ
࡞࡝ࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡜┦஫ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࠋճࡣࠊㄯヰࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ୍ᐃࡢሙ㠃ࡸ≧ἣ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⓎヰ⪅ࡢᙺ๭㛵ಀࡸຊ㛵ಀ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኚ໬ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࠿࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᩍᐊ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᩍᖌ̺⏕ᚐࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⏕ᚐ̺⏕ᚐࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ࡜ࡑࡢኚ໬࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ୰࡛ࠊ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᏛ⩦࡟ᐦ᥋࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿࡢࡣղ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢヰࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍศࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣ┦஫࡟㐃⥆ᛶࢆᣢࡘ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ᭩࠿ࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀヰࡉࢀࠊヰࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ᭩࠿ࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᘬ⏝ࡉࢀࠊཧ↷ࡉࢀࡿࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡟ኚ໬ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㝿ࠊࣇࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡢᴫᛕࡣ
Ivanič (1994,1998)ࠊPrior(1998)➼࡟ࡼࡿ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᩍ⫱◊✲ࡢᇶ┙ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ4 ࡑࢀࡽࡣࠊ࠶ࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ࡢㄯヰࡣ」ᩘࡢᙺ๭ࢆ࡜ࡿⓎヰ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㐙⾜ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺⌧㇟࡟╔┠ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑ
࠺ࡋࡓⓎヰ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ㄯヰ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿヰ⪅ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ(Kamberelis1992:92)ࠋ

௨ୗࠊࠕࣇࢵࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࠖࡢ 3 ࡘࡢ⠊␪࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓࠕᩍᖌ࡜Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࠖ࡜ࠕᏛ⩦⪅ྠኈࡢࡸࡾ࡜
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࠿ࡋ࡞࠸ࡢ࡟ࠊ5-0-3ࠊ5-0-3ࠊ50-3 ࡀᛮ࠸ᾋ࠿ࢇ࡛ࠊࠕࡇࢀࠊ⚾ࡀ⫱ࡗࡓᐙࡢఫᡤࡔࠋ5-0-3 ࡛࠸ࡇ࠺ࠋࠖࡗ࡚ᛮࡗࡓࡢࠋ㸦ືసࡣ
άⓎ࡟࡞ࡾࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡣヰ࡟ᘬࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࠋఱே࠿ࡢᏊࡣ୍
⥴࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ヰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸧ᖾ㐠ࡀព࿡ࡍࡿࡢࡣఱ㸽ᖾ㐠

156

Sienna157

Mrs.D

ᖾ㐠㸽㸦Mrs.D ࡢၥ࠸࠿ࡅࡀ᫂☜࡟⌮ゎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣ
୙᫂㸧
࠾ࡣࡼ࠺ࠊ
Dr.Bࠋ
ࡈᶵ᎘࠸࠿ࡀ㸽ࢪࣕࣥ ࣝࡢ ᙺ๭(footing)᩿∦ࣇ࣮ࣞ ࣒ࡢኚ໬ࡢྜᅗࠋಶேⓗ ࡞ㄒࡾ♫఍ⓗ㛵ಀ㐣ཤࡢ≀ㄒࢆ Mrs.D ࡣ୍ேඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ ࡢㄒࡾᡭ࡛࠶࡛ࠊᩍᖌࡣࠕⴭ ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃヰࡢὶࢀ⪅ࠖࠕⓎኌ⪅ࠖ ࡽࡎࠊࠕᩥ㈐⪅ࠖࡢᙺ ࡣ⦆ࡸ࠿࡟࡯⏕๭ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡄࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡿࠋᏊ࡝ࡶࡣࠊ ᚐࡣάືⓗ࡟⬥࡛₇ࡌࡓࡾࠊ ≀ㄒ࡟ຍࢃࡗࡑࢀ࡟୪≀ㄒ࡟ຍࢃࡗ ࡓࡾࠊࡓࡾࠊ
୪ࢇ࡛≀ ⾜ࡋ࡚⏕ᚐ⮬ㄒࢆㄒࡗࡓࡾ ㌟ࡢ≀ㄒࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍࡿࠋI-R-Eࠋᣦᑟ࣭ ஦౛ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ Mrs.D ࡢ఍ヰᩍᤵࡢ఍ヰࠋ ࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡜⏕ ࡬ࡢ௓ධࡀᙉάࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅ ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ ⏕ᚐࡢάືⓗT( ᩍ ᖌ ) ࡜ ࡞ཧຍࡣᙅࡃSs( Ꮫ ⩦ ⪅ ࡓ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡕ)ࡣࠊⓎኌ⪅ࠊᩥ㈐⪅ࠊⴭ⪅ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠶࠸ࡉࡘࠋ

T ࡜ Dr.B ࡣⓎኌ⪅࡜ᩥ㈐⪅ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ࡜ࡗ

Mrs.D ࡣࠊ⮬㌟ࡢ❧ሙࡀ௰㛫࡛࠶ࡾྠ൉࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
158
159

Dr.B
Mrs.D

࠾ࡣࡼ࠺ࠋ
Terra㸽

160

Terra

161

Mrs.D

162
163

Tommy
Ms.Dࡓࡪࢇࠊ࠾㔠ࢆࡓࡃࡉࢇᡭ࡟ධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࠋ
ࡓࡪࢇࠊ࠾㔠ࢆࡓࡃࡉࢇᡭ࡟ධ
ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࠋࡑࢀࡀᖾ㐠ࡢ౛࠼ࡡࠋ
௚࡟ᖾ㐠ࡣ࠶ࡾᚓࡿ㸽௚ࡢ౛ࡣ㸽(2.0)࠸ࡲฟࡓ౛ࠊฟࡋ࡚ࡃ
ࢀࡓ౛࠿ࡽࠊព࿡ࢆ⪃࠼ࡔࡏࡿ࠿࡞㸽Tommy㸽㡹ᙇࡿ(good luck)ࠋ
㡹ᙇࡿ㸽࠺ࢇࠊ 㡹ᙇࡿࡡࠋ౛ࢆ⪃࠼࡚ฟࡋ࡚ࡳ࡚ࠋ(1.0)ࡓࡃࡉ
ࢇࡢ࠾㔠ࢆᡭ࡟ධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㡹ᙇࡿࠊᖾ㐠ࠋ㸻⚾ࡣ࠾㔠ࢆᡭ࡟ ಶேⓗ ࡞ㄒධࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸻ᖾ㐠ࢆᚓࡽࢀ ࡾࠋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦ᩍᐊࡢ⏕ᚐࡢືࡁࡣ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀ఍ヰࢆࡍࡿࠋ㸧Janalࠋ
I-R-Eࠋᣦᑟ࣭ᩍᤵࡢ఍ヰࠋ164
165

Janal
Mrs.D

166
167

Janal
Mrs.D168Janal

຾ࡗࡓࡾ㈇ࡅࡓࡾࡋࡓ᫬ࠋ
຾ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ࠼࣮࡜ࠊ㈇ࡅࡓ࡜ࡁᖾ
㐠ࢆᚓࡓࡢ㸽㐪࠺㸟㸦㸧ࡢ᫬ࠋ⚾ࡣᖾ㐠ࢆᚓ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸻ኻࡗࡓࠋ㸻⚾ࡣᖾ㐠ࡔࡗࡓࡢ㸽㸦ᩍᐊࡢ⏕ᚐࡢືࡁࡣ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀ఍ヰࢆࡍࡿࠋ㸧㐪࠺ࠋ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

I-R-Eࠋᣦᑟ࣭ ஦౛ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ Dr.B ࡣࠊ⮬㌟ᩍᤵࡢ఍ヰࠋ ࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡜⏕ ࡢ❧ሙࡀ௰㛫άࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅ ࡛࠶ࡾྠ൉࡛ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧T ࡜ Ss ࡣࠊⓎ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋኌ⪅ࠊᩥ㈐⪅ࠊⴭ⪅ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋಶேⓗ ࡞ㄒࡾ

T ࡣⴭ⪅ࠊⓎኌ⪅ࠊᩥ㈐⪅࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
(఍ヰ,≀ㄒ)T ࡜ Ss ࡣࠊⴭ⪅ࠊⓎኌ⪅ࠊᩥ㈐⪅ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

T ࡣⴭ⪅ࠊⓎኌ⪅ࠊᩥ㈐⪅࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(఍ヰ,≀ㄒ)

Mrs.D ࡢ఍ヰ࡬ࡢ௓ࡣ⦆ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⏕ᚐࡢάືⓗ࡞ཧຍࡣᙅࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋMrs.D ࡢ఍ヰ࡬ࡢ௓ධࡣ෌ࡧᙉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⏕ᚐࡢάືⓗ࡞ཧຍࡣᙅࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

Mrs.D ࡢ఍ヰ࡬ࡢ௓ࡣ⦆ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⏕ᚐࡣάືⓗ࡟≀ㄒ࡟ຍࢃࡗࡓࡾࠊࡑࢀ࡟୪⾜ࡋ࡚⏕ᚐ⮬㌟ࡢ≀ㄒࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
I-R-Eࠋᣦᑟ࣭ T ࡜ Ss ࡣࠊⴭ Mrs.D ࡢ఍ヰᩍᤵࡢ఍ヰࠋ ⪅ࠊⓎኌ⪅ࠊᩥ ࡬ࡢ௓ධࡣ෌㈐⪅ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ ࡧᙉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚⏕ᚐࡢά࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠸ࡿࠋືⓗ࡞ཧຍࡣᙅࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ(ྠ:101-102)
 Kamberelis ࡣࠊࠕΰᡂⓗㄯヰᐇ㊶ࠖࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊ155 ࡢ Mrs.D ࡢⓎヰࡢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕࠕࡑࢀࡌࡷࠊ㐠࡜ࡣఱ㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸࠿ࡅࡀࠊࡇࢀ࡟≀ㄒ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᩍᖌࡢⓎゝࡀ⥆ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ྜᅗ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍᐊࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ㐩ࡣࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆศ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࠊMrs.D ࡢၥ࠸࠿ࡅࡢᚋ࡟ࠊⓎゝࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᣲᡭࢆࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦┬␎ͤᘬ⏝⪅㸧Mrs.D ࡣ≀ㄒࢆㄒࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊᙼዪࡣⓎኌ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢືࡁࢆ஺࠼࡚ヰࢆ༊ษࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㦫ࡃࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊືࡁࡢኚ໬ࡀ」㞧࡟㞟ࡲࡗࡓⓎヰࡣࠊ⪺ࡁᡭࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡢὀព࡜㛵ᚰࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏࠊ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼࡾ༢ኌⓗⓎヰ࡜ᑐヰⓗⓎヰࡢࢪࣕࣥࣝࡀᑐ
ẚࡉࢀࠊ␗࡞ࡗࡓᶵ⬟࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓࠋࠖ(ྠ:105)155 ࡢ᭱ึࡢࠕࡑࢀࡌࡷࠊ㐠࡜ࡣఱ㸽ࠖࡣࠊ㸦≀ㄒࡢෆᐜࢆၥ࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸧ᖾ㐠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ≀ㄒ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿྜᅗ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ≀ㄒࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿࣇ࣮࣒ࣞࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊྠࡌࡃ 155 ࡢⓎヰ࡛ࠊᩍᖌࡣࠕ⚾ࠊࡶ࠺ᑡࡋࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ᖾ㐠ࡔࡗࡓࡢ࡟ࠋ(1.0)ࠖ࡜ࠕಶேࡢ≀ㄒࠖࢆㄒࡾጞࡵࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᩍᖌࡣᩍ⛉᭩ࡢ≀ㄒࢆࠕಶேࡢ≀ㄒࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄒࡿ㸦ⴭ⪅㸧ࠊ≀ㄒࢆㄒࡿ㸦Ⓨኌ⪅㸧ࠊࡑࡋ࡚⮬㌟ࡢ≀ㄒࢆㄒࡿ㸦ᩥ㈐⪅㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩍᖌࡢㄒࡾ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿ⏕ᚐࡣࠊ」ᩘࡢᙺ๭ࢆ࡜ࡗࡓኌ࡟ࡑࡗ࡚ື
ࡁࢆ࡜ࡗࡓࡾࠊヰࢆࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ155 ࠿ࡽࡢᩍᖌࡢⓎヰࡣ」ᩘࡢኌ࠿ࡽᡂࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢኌ࡟
༶ࡋࡓࠕືࡁࠖࢆᩍᖌࡀ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࡢኌࡢኚ໬࡜」ᩘᛶ࡟Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢព㆑ࡀྥ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠᵝ࡟ 163࠿ࡽᩍᖌࡣ 3 ࡘࡢᙺ๭ࢆ࡜ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࠕᖾ㐠ࠖ࡜ࡣఱ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ၥ࠸࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕၥ࠸࠿ࡅࠖࡣᩍᖌ
⮬㌟ࡢࠕಶேࡢ≀ㄒࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿၥ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ≀ㄒࡣ」ᩘࡢኌࡀΰᡂࡋࡓᩍ⛉᭩ࡢ≀ㄒ࡬ࡢၥ࠸࡛ࡶ࠶
ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊࡇࡢၥ࠸ࡣ 2 ࡘࡢ≀ㄒࡢ␗࡞ࡾ࠿ࡽࠕᖾ㐠ࠖࢆ⪃࠼ࡿዎᶵ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡣ≀ㄒࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺࢆᙧసࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᪉ἲࢆၥ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠕㄯヰࡢ✚ᒙࠖࢆᣢࡘᩍᖌࡢㄒࡾ࡜ࡑࡇ࡬ࡢၥ࠸࠿ࡅ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕ᚐࡣ 164ࠕ຾ࡗࡓࡾ㈇ࡅࡓࡾࡋࡓ᫬ࠖ࡜⟅࠼ࠊ⏕ᚐ⮬㌟ࡢ≀ㄒࢆྵࡵࡓⓎヰࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ2 ࡘࡢኌ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿኌ࠿ࡽࠕᖾ㐠ࠖ࡜ࡣఱ࠿ࢆぢฟࡑ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕⓎኌ⪅ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢⓎヰ࡜ືࡁࠊࠕⴭ⪅ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ≀ㄒࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࠕᩥ㈐⪅ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮚ࡝ࡶ࡟ࡣࡓࡽࡁ࠿ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙺ๭ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡣ୍⥴࡟≀ㄒࢆඹ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ」ᩘࡢᙺ๭࡟」ᩘࡢኌࡀ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࠊᩍᐊ࡟」ᩘࡢࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺࡀ⤖ࡧࡘࡁ࡞ࡀࡽࠕΰᡂⓗㄯヰᐇ㊶ࠖࡀᒎ㛤ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≀ㄒࡢඹ᭷ࡣࠊࠕ㐠࡜ࡣఱ㸽ࠖ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿᩍᖌࡢㄒࡾࡢᵓ⠏ࡢ᪉ἲࠊࡑࡋ࡚Ꮚ࡝ࡶ⮬㌟ࡀ≀ㄒࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㝿ࡢࠕ㊊ሙ࡙ࡃࡾ(scaffolding)ࠖ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(ྠ)
4-2. Ꮫ⩦⪅ྠኈࡢヰࡋྜ࠸ࡢㄯヰ
Kamberelis(2001)࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ஦౛࡛ࡣࠊࠕᏛ⩦⪅ྠኈࡢヰࡋྜ࠸ࡢㄯヰࠖࡀྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋᩍᖌࡢ Ms.G ࡣࡲࡎᤵᴗ᫬㛫࡟ᩍᐊ࡛ࠕ࣓ࣥࣇࢡࣟ࢘ࡢ⏕ែ(Ecology and the Barn Owl)ࠖࡢࣅࢹ࢜ࢆ
ぢࡏࠊࣇࢡࣟ࢘࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᭩࠿ࢀࡓᮏࢆ㈨ᩱ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸࡞ࡀࡽࠊࣇࢡࣟ࢘ࡢ⣅ࡢㄪᰝ࡟ฟ࠿ࡅࡿࡓࡵࡢ‽ഛࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊ3 㐌㛫ᚋ࡟ᐇ㝿࡟㔝እ࡟ฟ࠿ࡅ࡚ࣇࢡࣟ࢘ࡢ⣅ࢆㄪᰝࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋ࡛኱ࡲ࠿࡞ㄪᰝෆᐜ
ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ࣓ࣥࣇࢡࣟ࢘࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆ᭩ࡃ࡜࠸࠺Ꮫ⩦ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⾲ 2 ࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡣࠊKyle ࡜ Max ࡜࠸࠺஧ேࡢᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ࣌࢔࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࣇࢡࣟ࢘ࡢ⣅ࢆㄪ࡭࡚࠸ࡿ㝿ࡢㄯヰ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⾲2ヰ⪅KyleⓎヰ
൅ࡀ◊✲⪅࡛ࠊྩࡀຓᡭ࡛࠸࠸㸽ࢪࣕࣥࣝࡢ᩿∦࿨௧࡜㏉⟅

ᙺ๭(footing)♫఍ⓗ㛵ಀࠕⴭ⪅ࠖࠕⓎኌ సᴗ࡟ ࠾ࡅ⪅ࠖࠕᩥ㈐⪅ࠖ ࡿ⮬㌟ ࡢᙺ┠࡜⛉ Ꮫ⪅Maxࡣ࠸ࠊ༤ኈࠋ

Kyle࣓ࢫMax࣓ࢫࠕⓎኌ⪅ࠖKyleࡣࡣࡣࠋࡇࡢໝ࠸ࡣ൅ࡢṑ་⪅ࡳࡓ ఍ヰ࠸ࡔࠋࠕⓎኌ⪅ࠖ

KyleRachel㸦┬␎ͤᘬ⏝⪅㸧㦵ࡔࠋࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ㦵ࡔࠋࡣࡣࡣࠋ൅ࡽࡶࡓࡃࡉࢇ㦵ࢆぢࡘࡅࡓࡼࠋࠕⓎኌ⪅ࠖ࡜ࠕᩥ㈐⪅ࠖእ⛉ᡭ⾡࣮࣍ࣛᫎ⏬
఍ヰMax⮬ศࡢᮘ࡟ᡠࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡢ௙஦ࢆࡋ ᣦ♧ࢁࠋ⚾ࡣ೧኱࡞༤ኈࢆᡭఏࡗ࡚࠸࡚㑧㨱ࡉࢀࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࢇࡔࠋ

Kyle㢌⵹㦵ࢆぢࡘࡅࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࡒࠊMaxࠋ ゎ๗సᴗMaxࡣ࠸ࠋ㢌⵹㦵࡟㛫㐪࠸࠶ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋࠕⓎኌ⪅ࠖ࡜ࠕᩥ㈐⪅ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࢆ⾲᫂ࠋ◊✲ᐊ ࠿ࡽᡭ⾡ᐊ ࡛ࡢᙺ┠࡬ ࡜஺௦సᴗࡢ ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜༤ኈࠊ⛉Ꮫ⪅ຓᡭ࡜ ඹྠసᴗ⪅࣏ࣆࣗ ࣮ࣛ࢝ࣝࢳ ࣮ࣕࡢ࢟ࣕ ࣛࢡࢱ࣮ࢆ ලయ໬ࡍࡿ ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊసᴗࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ ࣮࡜▱㆑࡟ ඃࢀࡓ⪅ࡢᙺ๭ࠋࠕⓎኌ⪅ࠖࠕⴭ⪅ࠖࠕⓎኌ⪅ࠖࠕᩥ㈐⪅ࠖࠕⴭ⪅ࠖࠕⓎኌ Ꮫ⩦స ᴗ⪅⪅ࠖࠕᩥ㈐⪅ࠖ ࡜ᙼ⮬ ㌟ࡢ
ᶒጾ࡜ Kyleࡢຓᡭࠕⴭ⪅ࠖࠕⓎኌ సᴗࡢ ࣮ࣜ⪅ࠖࠕᩥ㈐⪅ࠖ ࢲ࣮࡜ ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࠕⴭ⪅ࠖࠕⓎኌ ⛉Ꮫ⪅ ࡜స⪅ࠖࠕᩥ㈐⪅ࠖ ᴗࡢཧຍ⪅(ྠ:111)Kamberelis ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡸࡾ࡜ࡾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡣ⣅ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿసᴗ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚άືࡍࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ࠊࢸࣞࣅࢻ࣐ࣛࡢࠕࢩ࢝ࢦ࣮࣍ࣉࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕERࠖࡢ◊✲ᐊࡸᡭ⾡ᐊࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࣁࣜ࢘ࢵࢻᫎ⏬ࡸࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࣄ࣮࣮ࣟࡢ≀ㄒ➼ࠊ඲㒊࡛ 19 ࡢኌࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦ࡢసᴗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࠕⓎኌ⪅࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊసᴗ
ࢆ⾜࠺ᙜ஦⪅ࡢࠕᩥ㈐⪅࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ⣅ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ≀ㄒࡿࠕⴭ⪅ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ(ྠ:115)
ࡇࢀࡽࡢኌ࡜ᙺ๭࠿ࡽࠊ⛉ᏛⓗㄪᰝࡢᏛ⩦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕKyle ࡜ Max ࡣࠊ࣏ࣆ࣮ࣗࣛ࢝ࣝࢳ࣮ࣕࡢ᝟ሗ࠿ࡽᏛ⩦ࡢࢹ࢕ࢫࢥ࣮ࢫࢆᙼࡽ⮬㌟ࡢࡶࡢ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡀࠊࡑࢀࡣ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡸసᴗࡢྲྀࡾỴࡵࢆ⾲᫂ࡍࡿෆⓗ࡟ㄝᚓຊࡢ࠶ࡿ᪉ἲ࡛ࡇࡢࢹ࢕ࢫࢥ࣮ࢫࢆ෌⌧ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢάືࡢຠᯝࡣỴࡋ࡚லᮎ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࣏ࢵࣉ࢝ࣝࢳ࣮ࣕࡢᡭ⾡ࡢࢹ࢕ࢫࢥ࣮ࢫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙼࡽࡢ⛉Ꮫࡢࠕ௙஦ࠖࢆᨭ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊKyle ࡜ Max ࡣᙼࡽࡀ༢࡟ࠕ⮬ศ⮬㌟࡛࡛ࠖࡁ࡞࠸᪉ἲ࡛ᚑ஦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⛉Ꮫⓗάືࢆ⟶⌮ࡋࠊไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㸦┬␎ͤᘬ⏝⪅㸧ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡢ㛫ࠊᙼࡽࡣᚭᗏⓗ࡟ࠕ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࠖ࡟ᅛᇳࡋ࡚
࠸ࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࠋKyle ࡜ Max ࡣࠊᤵᴗࡢᏛ⩦࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᙺ๭ࢆ⧊ࡾ஺ࡐࡓࡸࡾ࡜ࡾ࡟ᚑ஦ࡍ
ࡿ᫬ࠊࢹ࢕ࢫࢥ࣮ࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚タᐃࡉࢀࡓάື࡟ࡨࡗࡓࡾ࡜ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡢ㛫ࠊKyle ࡜ Max ࡀ་⒪ࡲࡓࡣ⛉Ꮫⓗ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㐟ࡧ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ᙉ࠸ពᚿ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ỵᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ஦ᐇࡣࠊMax ࡢࠕ⮬ศࡢᮘ࡟ᡠࡗ࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡢ௙஦ࢆࡋࢁࠋ⚾ࡣ೧኱࡞༤ኈࢆᡭఏࡗ࡚࠸࡚㑧㨱ࡉࢀࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࢇࡔࠋࠖ࡜࠸࠺࿨௧࡟⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊእ⛉ᡭ⾡࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢゎ๗ࡢసᴗࢆࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぶࡋࡳࡢ࠶ࡿᩥ㈐⪅ࡢ఩⨨࡟⮬㌟ࢆᤣ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋࠊㄢ㢟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚せㄳࡉࢀࡓࠕ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࠖࡢᙺ┠ࢆᏛࡪ࡜࠸࠺┠ⓗ࡟ἢࡗࡓᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ఩⨨࡟ྥ࠿ࢃࡏࠊ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࡢᛮ⪃ࠊ₇ᢏࠊヰࡍࡇ࡜࡟ぶࡋࡳ࡜⬟ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡇࢀࡽࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕࢆື࠿ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠖ(ྠ:115116)
 ࡇࡢ஦౛ࡢࣇ࣮࣒ࣞࡣእ⛉ᡭ⾡ࡢゎ๗࡜࠸࠺♫఍ᩥ໬ⓗ࡞ࢥࣥࢸࢡࢫࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ
ࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ2 ேࡣ࣏ࣆ࣮ࣗࣛ࢝ࣝࢳ࣮ࣕࡢࢻ࣐ࣛࡸᫎ⏬࡞࡝ࡢⓏሙே≀࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿᙺ๭࡜ලయⓗ࡞ኌࢆ⏝࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡢసᴗ࡟ᚑ஦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠕΰᡂⓗㄯヰᐇ㊶ࠖࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊࠕㄯヰࡢ✚ᒙࠖ࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⩦࡬ࡢཧຍࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ3 㐌㛫ࡢάືࡢᚋࠊࠕࡑࢀࡽࡢࣇࢡࣟ࢘ࢆゎ๗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣌࢔ࡢᏊ౪ࡣࠊ㢌⵹㦵ࢆ⤌ࡳ❧࡚┤ࡋࠊࣇࢡࣟ࢘ࡢ⏕ែ࡜ゎ๗࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆ᭩࠸ࡓࠖ(ྠ:109)ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᩍᐊ࡛ࡣࠊࡇ
࠺ࡋࡓࠕΰᡂⓗㄯヰᐇ㊶ࠖࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࣇࢡࣟ࢘ࡢ⏕ែ࡜ゎ๗ࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆ᭩ࡃάືࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࠊMax ࡣ▱ⓗ࡛
ᐇ㊶ⓗ࡟᭷⬟࡞ࠕຓᡭࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᣺⯙࠸ࢆ࡜ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(ྠ:117) άືࡢ୰࡛」ᩘࡢኌࡀ㔜ࡡࡽࢀࠊMax ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ኌࡢ⋓ᚓ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚♫఍ⓗ఩⨨ࡀᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍ஦౛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
4-3. ࠕ㊊ሙ࡙ࡃࡾࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢㄯヰᐇ㊶௨ୖࡢศᯒ࡜⪃ᐹࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊKamberelis ࡣࠊࠕΰᡂⓗㄯヰᐇ㊶ࠖࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍᩍᐊㄯヰࡢぢ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟ
ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
➨ 1 ࡟ᩍᐊㄯヰࡢ࣑ࢡࣟ࡞ࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛᰯෆ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡽࡎᗈࡀࡾࡢ࠶ࡿୡ⏺ࡸ᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡿ␗㉁࡞ኌ࡜ࡢᑐヰࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡼ࠺࡞ࠕ᪕ᅇⅬ(pivot)ࠖࢆ࡜ࡽ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᤵᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ༢࡞ࡿㄢ㢟ࡸάື࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃࠊ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢࢪࣕࣥࣝࢆᙧసࡿࡼ࠺࡞ኌࡢ≉ᚩࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶ
ࡢ࠿ࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓኌ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡉࡽ࡟␗㉁࡞ኌ࡟ࡼࡿᑐヰࢆ࠸࠿࡟ಁࡋࠊࡑࢀࡀ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᏛ⩦࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡘ
࡞ࡀࡿࡢ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓどⅬࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࡜ࡽ࠼᪉࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᏛ⩦࡜ࡣࠊࠕᏛ⩦ࡣ▱㆑ࡢ༢⣧࡞⋓ᚓ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢᵓ⠏࡜෌ᵓ⠏࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ➨ 2 ࡟ࠊ」ᩘࡢኌ࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿⓎヰ࡟ཧຍࡋࠊࡑ࠺ࡋࡓኌ࡟㛵୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢᵓᡂࡢ௙᪉ࡀ
ၥࢃࢀࠊ」ᩘࡢኌࢆㄪᩚࡋ㔜ࡡྜࢃࡏࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ኌࡢΰᡂࡀ⏕ࡳฟࡉࢀࡿᶵ఍࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ΰᡂⓗ࡞ኌࢆ⏕ᡂࡋࠊྠ᫬࡟ከඖⓗ࡞ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡦ࡜ࡲ࡜ࡲࡾࡢලయⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶ࢆసࡾฟࡍࡓࡵࡢࠕ㊊ሙ࡙ࡃࡾ (scaffolding)ࠖ࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࢆᩍᐊ࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡍ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(ྠ:120-121)
5. ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡜ㄢ㢟 ࠕΰᡂⓗㄯヰᐇ㊶ࠖࡣ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᏛ⩦㐣⛬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚┤᥋࡟ゝཬࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᏛ⩦ࡢᇶ┙࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕኌࠖࡢΰΆᛶࠊࢸࢡࢫࢺࡢᑐヰⓗ࡞ᵓ⠏ࢆࡩࡲ࠼ࡓሙྜࠊ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜࡜ࡑࢀ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃヰࡋྜ࠸ࡣࠕΰᡂⓗࠖ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛㐃⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊヰࡋྜ࠸άື࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀ⮬㌟ࡢΰ
ᡂⓗࠕኌࠖࡢᙺ๭࡬╔┠ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊࡑࢀ࡟㐃⥆ࡋࡓ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕኌࠖࡢᙺ๭࡬ࡢព㆑໬࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࠊ
⮬㌟ࡢ㛵୚ࡍࡿࠕኌࠖࡢ෌ᵓᡂ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᏛ⩦ࡢࠕ㊊ሙ࡙ࡃࡾࠖ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࡢぢ᪉ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜࡜Ꮫ⩦άື࡜ࡢ㐃⥆ᛶࢆど㔝࡟ධࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᏛ⩦⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᏛ⩦ࡢᐇ㉁ࢆ࡜ࡽ࠼ࡿぢ᪉ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ぢ᪉࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᏛ⩦㐣⛬ࡢศᯒ࣭グ㏙ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ࠸࠿࡟ࡋ࡚⮬㌟ࡢ᭩ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢᡂࡾ❧ࡕࢆព㆑໬ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡢせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢලయⓗ࡞ศᯒ࡜⪃ᐹࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ࣭ὀ
1 ⸨ᇉ(2008)ࠊpp.102-103.
2 ࡇࡇ࡛ᘬ⏝ࡋࡓゝⴥࡣࠊࠕᢈุⓗㄯヰศᯒࠖࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆࡩࡲ࠼࡞ࡀࡽࠊ♫఍ⓗᐇ㊶࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ⮬㌟

ࡢࢸࢡࢫࢺ⏕ᡂ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
3Kamberelis(1992)ࡢㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᑠᯘ(2014a)࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
4 ࡇࢀࡽࡢ◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᑠᯘ(2018)࡟࠾࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
5 Kamberelis ࡣࠊࠕΰᡂⓗㄯヰᐇ㊶ࠖࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡟ࡼࡾࠊᩍᐊㄯヰࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ I-R-F/E ࡢᵓ㐀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᪂ࡓ࡞ぢ᪉ࢆᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(Kamberelis 2001:85-87) I-R-F/Eࡢㄯヰᵓ㐀ࡣࠊᩍᖌࡢồࡵࡿ⟅࠼࡟Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢᛂ⟅ࡀྜ⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠕᅛᐃ໬ࡉࢀࡓ▱㆑ࠖࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ♫఍ᵓᡂ୺⩏ࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽᢈุⓗ࡟ㄽࡌࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ(Nystrand1997ࠊᒣఫ 1998)ࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊKamberelis ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢⓎヰ࡟ࡣ」ᩘࡢኌࡀ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢኌ࡟↔Ⅼ໬ࡉࢀࡓࡸࡾ࡜ࡾࡀࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩍᐊ≉᭷ࡢㄯヰᵓ㐀࡟࠾࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿሙྜࠊᩍᖌ࡜Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡀ┦஫࡟▱㆑ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊᩍᖌ࡟ࡼࡿࠕIࠖࡢⓎヰ࡟ࠊᏛ⩦⪅ࡀΰᡂⓗ࡞Ⓨヰࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍྍ⬟ᛶࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣭ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩⛅⏣႐௦⨾(2006)ࠕ㊊ሙ࠿ࡅࠖ᳃ᩄ࣭᫂⛅⏣႐௦⨾ ⦅ࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ࠘᭷ᩫ㛶ࠊpp.168-169.
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࣮࣡ࢳ,J.V.(⏣ᓥಙඖ ௚ヂ)(1995)ࠗᚰࡢኌ : ፹௓ࡉࢀࡓ⾜Ⅽ࡬ࡢ♫఍ᩥ໬ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࠘⚟ᮧฟ∧ᒣఫ຾ᗈ(1998)ࠗᩍ⛉Ꮫ⩦ࡢ♫఍ᩥ໬ⓗᵓᡂ࠘ວⲡ᭩ᡣࠑ௜グࠒᮏ✏ࡣࠊᖹᡂ 30㹼33 ᖺᗘ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲ 㸦ㄢ㢟␒ྕ 18K02662, ◊✲௦⾲⪅ ᑠᯘ୍㈗㸧ࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿࠋ