【機密性２】※機密性は以下を参考に、適切に変更・表示し、以下の記述を削除してください。また、取扱制限等（例１：関係者限り、例２：公表までの間）については必要に応じて追加してください。
秘密文書相当、機微な個人情報を含む場合は【機密性３】 ／ 公開を前提としない場合は【機密性２】（公開前の案の段階なども含む） ／ 公開可能な場合は【機密性１】

Announcement on the prevention of theCOVID-19 for the Johkasou businessworkers in JapanJanuary, 2021
Office for Promotion of Johkasou
Waste Management Division
Environmental Regeneration and Material Cycles Bureau
Ministry of the Environment
Government of JAPAN【機密性２】

Index※機密性は以下を参考に、適切に変更・表示し、以下の記述を削除してください。また、取扱制限等（例１：関係者限り、例２：公表までの間）については必要に応じて追加してください。
秘密文書相当、機微な個人情報を含む場合は【機密性３】 ／ 公開を前提としない場合は【機密性２】（公開前の案の段階なども含む） ／ 公開可能な場合は【機密性１】

1. Properties of high performanceand importance of maintenance works for Johkasou
2. Legal Systems for maintenance works
and its detail for Johkasou
3. Typical schedule and initial countermeasuresby MOEJ for Johkasou technicians against COVID-19
4. Outline of “Providing knowledge on COVID-19”
dated 10th April, 2020

Dr.Johkasou

1. Properties of high performance and importance of maintenance works for Johkasou

 The performance of Johkasou is equivalent to that of sewage treatment plants.
BOD ≦ 20mg/L, 10mg/L, depending on the size and treatment process
T-N≦ (NIL) 20mg/L, 10mg/L, depending on the size and treatment process

T-P≦ (NIL) 1mg/L, depending on the size and treatment process Its performance is ensured by periodic maintenance works, similar to sewage treatment plants.
 Periodic maintenance works for Johkasou is regulated by Johkasou Act.

2. Legal Systems for maintenance works and its detail for Johkasou Outline of Johkaou Act
History of Johkasou Act
1960 to around 1980

With increasing population of flush toilet, rapid installation of tandoku (oldtype) johkasou to treat black water only

1983

Johkasou Act enacted (legislation introduced by a Diet member, came intoforce in 1985)1987

National subsidy program for gappei (current type) johkasou (to treat both
black and gray water) established

2000

Revised: New installation of tandoku-shori johkasou systems basicallyprohibited2005

Revised: Stricter water quality management systems introduced, defining
water quality conservation targets

2019

Revised: Action for conversion from tandoku johkasou (old type) to gappeijohkasou (current type) and for development of data base systemstrengthened

During high economic
growth period, waterpollution accelerated.

To promote the spread ofgappei johkasou and thereplacement of tandoku
johkasou systems

Purpose of Johkasou Act
Promotion of human waste and gray water treatment by Johkasou for;- Conservation of water quality in public water area, preservation of the living
environment and improvement of public health⇒Articles in the Law①Johkasou installation（※related to “Building Standard Law”）②Operation/maintenance of Johkasou③Approval of Johkasou models④Johkasou business for Installation and Operation/Maintenance⑤Nationally qualified “Johkasou technicians”⑥Miscellaneous and penalties

19

2. Legal Systems for maintenance works and its detail for Johkasou
For periodical inspections, maintenance and desludging at site

3. Typical schedule and initial countermeasures by MOEJ for Johkasou technicians
against COVID-19
16th Jan.
First patience was found in Japan

Number of Covid-19 Newly Infected People

3500

30th Jan.
Implementation of countermeasuresagainstCOVID-19 in waste management

3000

7th Apri.
Declaration of emergency for 7 prefectures

2500

2000

10th Apr.
Providingknowledgeof COVID-19

1500

1000

500

0Jan.

Feb.

Mar. Apr.

MayJun.

Jul.

Aug. Sep.

Nov. Oct.

Dec.

2020
* Processing NHK data into bar graph4. Detail of “Providing knowledge on COVID-19” dated 10th April, 2020

 Purpose
For Johkasou site technicians such as inspection, operation and maintenance and desludging works
against COVID-19, Ministry of the Environment provides information of similar viruses in water, theeffects of disinfection, and the safety and health management of technicians.

 RouteOffice for Promotionof Johkasou Waste Management
Environmental Regeneration andMaterial Cycles Bureau
MOEJ

Announcement

Department in charge of Johkasou inprefectures andgovernment-designated municipalities

10th Apr. 2020

4. Outline of “Providing knowledge on COVID-19” dated 10th April, 2020

 Outline of contents in above captioned announce, especially for Johkasou technical works.
1. Basic information of COVID-19< General information of coronavirus and COVID-19 > Seven (7) types of coronavirus which infect humans have been found so far.
 In 7 types, 4 types causes common cold and it’ is almost mild, and remaining 3 are SARS which wasinfected on 2002, MARS on 2012 and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2) on 2019.
 Generally, Coronavirus is known to lose its infectivity due to alcohol (70%) disinfection, etc.
< Transmission route > Droplet infection and contact infection via hand-rail, door-knob, switch bottom and so-on which infected
person touches.
< Basic infection prevention measures against contact infection > Washing hands with soap, disinfecting with alcohol for hand.

4. Outline of “Providing knowledge on COVID-19” dated 10th April, 2020 (Cont.)

2. Countermeasures against COVID-19, with referring the announcement of sewage section in MLIT
< Virus inactivation in the sewage treatment process > SARS coronavirus is inactivated in sewage at pH 7 to 8 in around 6 hours.
 Therefore, It is considered that the same type of new coronavirus can be sufficiently inactivated in theprocess of sewage treatment (pH 7 to 8), which requires the hydraulic retention time around 8 hours.
 The hydraulic retention time of Johkasou is around 36 to 72 hours (1.5 to 3 days).
< Effect of chlorination > SARS coronavirus has been found to be less infectious and more likely to die than E. coli when chlorinated.
 Therefore, It is considered that it’s possible to reduce the risk of infection by applying chlorine after biologicaltreatment for the purpose of reducing the number of coliform bacteria sufficiently.

4. Outline of “Providing knowledge on COVID-19” dated 10th April, 2020 (Cont.)

3. Latest information of COVID-19 with referring WHO dated 3rd March, 2020 There are no cases of other coronaviruses with similar properties present in surface water or groundwater aswater There are no cases of infection through drinking water.
 It is not so clear how long COVID-19 virus survives in surface water, However, it appears to behave othercoronaviruses.

4. Outline of “Providing knowledge on COVID-19” dated 10th April, 2020 (Cont.)
4. General information for preventing the contact infection of COVID-19,
with referring the training manual for Johkasou maintenance technician.
< Blocking the infection route for Johkasou maintenance and desludging works> The basic principle of infectious disease prevention is to block the transmission route.
 Insufficient blocking of transmission routes can infect workers if pathogens are present in Johkasou.
 A typical medium for transmitting pathogens is "fingers".
 Therefore, as a method of blocking contact infection routes in Johkasou maintenance and desludging works,
Washing hands and fingers with soap etc. is a basic, effective and important method to block the infection route.
 Regarding daily methods at working site that can be used by technicians, below items shall be implemented,- It is important to minimize the exposure of the human body during work to block the transmission route.
Therefore, wear, cap, glove, shoes, mask, goggles.
- Cleaning and disinfection for above after use. When washing, use a dedicated washing machine
and keep it out of contact with other clothes.
- For disinfecting hands, spray-type disinfectant solutions and disinfectant supplies such as wet wipes areconvenient to carry on. If technicians cannot clean or disinfect their fingers, they can use disposable
gloves to block them from the source of infection.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION.