The 7th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2010/9/14)

A PROTOTYPE OF DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FORECOLOGICAL URBAN RIVER RESTORATION

2010. 9. 14

WeonJae Kim, Sang-ho Bae, Jin-hong Jung, Yun-jeong Choi
This study has been supported by the CAER (Center for Aquatic Ecosystem Restoration)of Eco-STAR Project from MOE.

Table of Contents
BackgroundPart 1 Ecological Water Resources considering
Water Quantity, Water Quality and Ecosystem

Part 2 Development of Decision Support System for
Ecological Urban River Restoration & Rehabilitation:
EcoR3-DSSPart 3 Application of EcoR3-DSS
Conclusion2

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The 7th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2010/9/14)

Background Ⅰ“Peculiar River Environment Deterioration” due to urbanization andexpansion of WWTPs

Water pollution

Streamflow depletion

Injured Ecosystem(river environment change)

3

Background Ⅱ
Domestic Cases of Ecological River Restoration Project: Urban river
Cheongge-cheon, Bulgwang-cheon, Dorim-cheon in Seoul City
Gulpo-cheon, Seongji-cheon in Incheon City
Sin-cheon in Daegu City
Taehwa river in Ulsan City
Daejeon-cheon in Daejeon City
Anyang-cheon, Hakeui-cheon, Osan-cheon, Gyeongan-cheon, Sangokcheon in Gyeonggi province
Flood
Flood
Cheongan-cheon, Wonseong-cheon, Dangjin-cheon in Chungnam
Control
province
Jeongju-cheon, Nosong-cheon in Jeonbuk province
Gwangju-cheon in Jeonnam province
Changwon-cheon, Nam-cheon in Gyeongnam province
Sanji-cheon in Jeju province, and so on

Ecological
function

Gyeongan-cheon, Gwangju, Gyeonggi province

Ecosystem
Amenity

Amenity
Ecosystem

Utilization
Utilization

Amenityfunction4

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The 7th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2010/9/14)

Research Objectives

To review the concept of ecological water resource and thetechniques utilizing multiple ecological water resources

To study the application of integrated water quality & quantity
management technique for “ecological river restoration”

Prototype of Decision Support System
5Part 1.
Ecological Water Resources
considering Water Quantity, Water Quality and Ecosystem6

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The 7th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2010/9/14)

Definition of Ecological Instream Flow
Estimation of ecological instream flow
England, America, Australia, Austria and Europe
PHABSIM(Physical Habitat Simulation System)Japan‘normal flow’ etc.

Korea
indices

initial stage to apply PHABSIM: HSI(Habitat Suitability Index) and otherDefinition of Ecological Instream Flow
“Minimum maintenance flow satisfying
Natural function + Artificial function +Ecological function”
Ecological instream flow = max(Low Flow, Water Quality Maintenance flow, Ecological
Maintenance Flow)
Waterfront

NatureEcosystem

7

Estimation of Appropriate Ecological Instream Flow

Selection of target place
Classification

Estimation Method
river flow, water balance, river environment

Appropriat Selection of maximum flow amonge instream instream
flow

flows

for

low

flow,

water quality and ecosystem

Instream

Instream flow for conservation of river

flow forecosystem considering water quality

water quality and each river’s characteristic

Instreamflow forecosystem

Instream flow by selection of target

Estimation of instream flow
accordingg to basic items
low flow, water quality, ecosystem(fish)noNecessity of other constraints
yes
Estimation of instream flow for
additional items
river scenery, estuary clogging, groundwater, brinewater, river facilities

fish species considering river’s regional,
natural, social, cultural and economic
characteristics

Determination of appropriate
ecological instream flow

Source: The Study for Estimation of Instream Flow to Improve Natural & Social
Environment, Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs, 20078

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The 7th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2010/9/14)

Estimation of Instream Flow for Water Quality Ⅰ
Monitoring Items for EcoriverClassification

Water Quality

Ecosystem

Item

Water Quantity

flow rate, flow velocity, depth

General Items

pH, water temp., DO, turbidity, BOD, EC, (COD)

Nutrients

T-N, T-P, PO4-P, (TOC, DOC)

Amenity

total coliform, fecal coliform, chlorophyll-a

Ammonia toxicity

NH3-N, total ammonia

Heavy metals

Zn, Cu, Cd

Toxic materials

aniline,chloroform,
formaldehyde

Endocrine disruptors

4-t-octylphenol, nonylphenol, bisphenol A, 17β-estradiol, estrogen

Attached algae

TDI(Trophic Diatom Index)

Fish

IBI(Index of Biotic Integrity)

Benthic macroinvertebrates

KSI(Korean Saprobic Index)

Habitat and waterfront

Habitat and waterfront index

2,4-dichlorophenol,

naphthalene,

phenol,9

Estimation of Instream Flow for Water Quality Ⅱ
Guideline of Water Quality for Ecoriver
Grade II or “a little better” level: based on “Guideline for River Water Quality
and Environment (Korea)”
Target water quality of T-N, T-P, NH3-N and heavy metals: based on monitoring
DB

Guideline
Grade

A litterbetterColiform

Status(Character)IIpH

6.5 - 8.5

BOD

TSS

DO

(㎎/L)

(㎎/L)

(㎎/L)

(Colony/100 mL)
Total
Fecal
coliforms coliforms

Less

Less

More

Less than Less than

than 3than 25

than 5.0

1,000

200

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The 7th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2010/9/14)

Estimation of Instream Flow for Ecosystem
Appropriate range of water quantity and quality according to target fish
Selection guideline

Selection condition• Regional representative• Dominant species• Sensitivity for flow rate change

Consideration• Growth status of rehabilitation
target species• Ecological requirements• Habitat hydraulics

Habitat hydraulics(water quantity)

Water quality requirements

Ecological requirements according
to growth status of target species• flow rate(m3/s)• general: 10 items• juvenile stage• velocity(m/s)• nutrient: 5 items• spawning season• depth(m)• heavy metals and so on: 17 items• mature stage

Appropriate water quantity and quality conditions according to target species (mature stage)
Grade

Representativefish species

Ⅰa (very good) ~Ⅰb (good)

Water quantity

Water quality

velocity(cm/s)

depth(m)DO(mg/L)

BOD(mg/L)

pH

trout

30~1200.3~1.0

9+

1~2

7

Ⅰb (good) ~Ⅲ (fair)

Coreoleuciscus
splendidus

30~80

0.2~0.5

5+

2~5

7

Ⅲ (fair) ~Ⅳ (poor)

minnow

30~60

0.3~0.5

3+

5~8

7

Ⅳ (poor) ~Ⅵ (very poor)

carp

20~30

0.3~1.0

2+

8~10

6~7

11

Part 2.
Development of Decision Support System
for Ecological Urban River Restoration & Rehabilitation:
EcoR3-DSS

12

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The 7th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2010/9/14)

Hypothetical Network of Ecoriver
Integrated water quality & quantity management systemusing network sensing
Multiple ecological water resources
USN sensor and nodeRiver Water

Water quality & quantity
monitoringin various water resources

Integrated water quality & quantity
management system

Wastewater

Water quality & quantity
monitoringin various utilizations

Network based
Water quality & quantity
monitoring

Lake water(reservoir water)

Ecoriver Network

Groundwater

USN sensor and node
USN sensor and nodeRainreservoir-infiltration

USN sensor and node

USN sensor and node

Water treatment facilities
Storage apparatus
of rainwater

13

Monitoring, Simulation and Evaluation Steps for Development of Decision
Support System

Evaluation of water quality & quantity for ecoriver

Water balance analysis

Simulation of water quality & quantity
input

outputused

residual

Evaluation of performanceof water treatment system
On-line monitoringof ecological water resources

Monitoring of water quality & quantityof ecological water resources

Monitoring of water quality & quantityof ecoriver+USN sensing node

+USN sensing node

River
water

Waste
water

Reservoir
water

Ground
water

Rain
water

14

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The 7th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2010/9/14)

Prototype of Decision Support System

Multiple Water Resources

Ecoriver Network

Wastewater
RainfallGroundwater
Reservoir
ValleyRiver

Monitoring

Monitoring
Utilization/Flood control/Amenity + Ecology

Rehabilitation objectives• Ecological water• Amenity water• Recreation water• Urban water

Setup of management criteria according
to seasonal water quality/quantity

Setup of water quality goalaccording to objectives• Ecology• Environment• Economy

Water quality simulation
model according to scenarios

Preview possibility to achievetarget water quality and quantity

Scenario formation module• Seasonal variation• Diurnal variation• Wet weather events

P
Cost-Benefit analysis
according to scenarios

N
BOD/COD/TOC
DO
Turbidity
Temp.
Total coliform

Cost/Benefit analysis

Auto-calibration module• Audit• Post audit

Flow rate
Bioassay

Evaluation of suitability of water
quality and quantity criteria

Chl-A
pH
EC

Optimization of operation conditionof ecoriver network

Network management• Water resource change• Water treatment process &operation condition change• Intake flow rate change

15

Basic Logic of Decision Support System: EcoR3-DSS

16

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The 7th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2010/9/14)

Part 3.
Application of EcoR3-DSS for a Test-Bed

17

Preliminary Test-Bed Survey Ⅰ
Test-Bed site(Saet-gang in Paju City)
Detention
Pond한강
Pumping• Non-point sources of farmlands and Paju
publishing Center nearby• Water resource: Detention Pond
• HDF treated Water• Target Water Quality: “Guideline
for River Water Quality andEnvironment”• Status: Grade Ⅲ~Ⅵ based BOD

18

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The 7th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2010/9/14)

Preliminary Test-Bed Survey Ⅱ
Water Quality at Test-Bed on 22th July, 2010

Endocrine disrupters: N.D(Heptachlor, Aldrin, Hepta-epoxide, Endosulfan, 4,4’-DDE,
Dieldrin, Endrin, 4,4’-DDD and 4,4’-DDT)

Head Water

Target Spot

End Water

19

Application of EcoR3-DSS Ⅰ
Model Establishment using imbedded QUAL2K
Headwater
Detention Pondin

Pumping0.45kmdownstream

9.5m

1m

1.5m

0.45km20

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The 7th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2010/9/14)

Application of EcoR3-DSS Ⅱ
EcoR3-DSS UI(User Interface): Database Input Module<1. River Information><2. Ecological Water Resources>

21<3. Configuration of Ecoriver ><4. On/Off-line Monitoring>

21

Application of EcoR3-DSS Ⅲ
EcoR3-DSS UI(User Interface): Decision Support Module<5. Management Range of Water Quality & Quantity><6. QUAL2K Input Data><7. Selection of Ecological Water
reflecting Weighting Factor><8. Option Setting>22

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The 7th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2010/9/14)

Application of EcoR3-DSS Ⅳ
Scenarios according to Water Resources
Water
Resource

Scenario (ratio %)Construction
cost(one hundred
million)

Production
cost(won/d)Ecologicalsoundness

COD

SS

TN

TP

> 500

7.5

18.6

11.7

4.4

0.26

1.5

20

70

0

500

5.3

13.0

5.8

3.5

0.16

3

50

70

…

100

16,000

2.7

4.7

3.4

4

0.20

20

50

60

…

0

250

21

23.6

10

0.49

0.35

1

1

90

S2

…

Sn

Pond

0

0

…

0

Treated pond

0

30

…

30

0

70

70

Effluent ofRain water

Water quality
BOD

S1

WWTP

Usablemax
amount(m3/d)

application

23

Application of EcoR3-DSS Ⅴ
Simulation Results

Total
point

Combination ratiosrainwater(%)

WWTP(%)

Water quantity

Water quality

treatedpond (%)

Scenario 1
Scenario 2

Scenario 60
EconomyEcologicalsoundness(point)24

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The 7th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2010/9/14)

Application of EcoR3-DSS Ⅵ
Examples of Simulation Results according to Scenarios (BOD, TSS, TN, TP)쎼Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Scenario 60

Ecological water resources:Rain water 70%,
Effluent WWTP 30%

Ecological water resources:Rain water 70%,
Treated pond 30%

Ecological water resource: Effluent WWTP 100%

12

12

12

10

10

TN
TP

8
6
4

BOD

Pollutants(mg/L)

Pollutants(mg/L)

TSS

Pollutants(mg/L)

BOD

10

TSS

8

TN
TP

6
4

S1

S2

S3

Stream

S4

S5

TN
TP

8
6
4

0

0

0

TSS

2

2

2

BOD

S1

S2

S3

Stream

S4

S5

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

Stream25

ConclusionI.

The Network between multiple water resources andecoriver was reviewed.

II.

Prototype of decision support system to satisfy bothwater quality and quantity in ecologically sound urbanriver restoration was suggested.

III.

Using EcoR3_DSS, several simulations have been
conducted successfully with the consideration of thedomestic water quality guidelines, and the applicabilityof the prototype was examined.

IV.

It is expected that the future research would be
activated by means of the guidance of the prototype
established through the study.
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The 7th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2010/9/14)

Thank you for your attention…

27

Background Ⅲ
Paradigm Shift of River Management
Water Utilization and Flood Control
Conservation of River Ecosystem

Ecological soundness: Park

Naturalization

Integrated Watershed Management: Line
Substantial Outcome: Work oriented

Area

Target oriented

Ecoriver with fish and children swimming
Habitat for wild fauna and flora
Environment-friendly place for citizens
Conservation of ecological soundness
Source: 10-year plan for Ecoriver, Korea Ministry of Environment (2007)28

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The 7th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2010/9/14)

Organization of Ecoriver Management System
Integrated Ecoriver Management System

Pilot Test-Bed

Management System

Decision Support System

Monitoring System

1.Realtime monitoring

2. Setting

3. Data Inquiry

4. Analysis/Evaluation

5. Facility
Management

6. Setting

7. Information
Service

8. Optimum
Operation Condition

9. Setting

1.1 Water
quality

2.1 Userregistration

3.1 Water
quality

4.1 Water
quality

5.1 Facility
registration

6.1 Userregistration

7.1 Overview
information

8.1 Water
qualitysimulation

9.1 Userregistration

1.2 Water level,velocity, flowrate

2.2 Instruments

3.2 Water level,velocity, flowrate

4.2 Water level,velocity, flowrate

5.2 Facility
records

7.2 Detail
information:
photographs,
CCTV, river bed,fauna and flora

8.2 Waterquantity
simulation

9.2 Selection oftarget species

1.3 Equipments

2.3 SMS3.3 Alarm

4.3 Ecologicalindex

7.3 Guidelines
for ecologicalriver
rehabilitation

8.3 Physicalhabitatsimulation

9.3 Selection of
habitatconditions fortarget species

1.4 Gate, electric
power,
communication

3.4 SMS

4.4 Amenity
index

7.4 Procedure for
ecological river
rehabilitation

8.4 Ecologicalindex

9.4 Selection ofwater quality
and quantity
condition

1.5 CCTV

3.5 Reporting

7.5 Domestic fish

8.5 Cost/benefit

8.6 Optimal
operation
condition

1.6 Alarm andSMS

8.7 Optimal
combination ofwater resources

29

System Diagram of Decision Support System
Monitoring

1st Analysis

2nd Analysis

RainfallCharacteristics ofrainfallSimulation of water
quality/quantity
g to scenarios
according

Level/flow rateof ecoriver

Statistics of time series
flow rate

Analysis of ecologicalwater resources

Level/flow rate of water
resources

Statistics of seasonal
flow rate

Evaluation for target
quality/quantity

Flow rate/water qualityof treatment facilities

Possible water resource
hourly/seasonal

Decision
MakingDecision making

Water quality of
ecoriver( ,p(SS,
pH,, DO,, Chl-a))
Water quality of water
resources( ,p(SS,
pH,, DO,, Chl-a))Planning of optimized
ecoriver management

Statistics of water
quality hourly/seasonal

Selection of water
quality and quantitygtargets30

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The 7th International Forum on Waterfront and Watershed Restoration(2010/9/14)

Platform Design of Decision Support System: EcoR3-DSS

Main Function

Main

Monitoring

Inquiry

Analysis

Servicebulletin• Log-in/out• Public
services• Quick
Menu• Monitoring- level- flow rate
- waterquality• Daily data
• Hourlydata• Past data
• SMS
• Data transformation• Simulationof waterquality &quantity
accordingtoscenarios• Analysis ofbalance ofwater
resources
andecoriver• Acquisitionof target
operation
condition• Summaryof waterresources• Summaryof facilities• Statistical
data forwater
quality• Statistical
data forwater
quantity• Bulletin• Data• Q/A· pH, Temp.
· DO· Chl-a· Turbidity· T-N, T-P
etc.

Management• User• Data• SMS• Reports• Facilities

31

Application of EcoR3-DSS Ⅶ
Application Example of EcoR3-DSS
Management System(Accordance of ecological and amenity function)

Wireless Networks
Mobile Communication

data collection and inquiry
monitoring
analysis(data)
analysis(information)
information service

Data Logger

Test-Bed

Real-time Monitoring

EcoR3-DSS

Analysis

Basic Information

Multiple
Ecological Water
Resources
Effluent at the STPs

Decision Support

Simulation and Evaluation

Other Water Sources

Rain Collection

Site

Ecoriver32

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