2436 Materials Transactions,Manuscript
Instructions
1. Styling of manuscript
1.1. Typing style
12 pt standard, line pitch 22 pt, 25 lines per page and about 75 letters per line are preferred.
1.2. Manuscript arrangement(1) On the first page, the Graphical Abstract should be displayed.
(2) On the second page (cover page), the following should be typed: 1) Title, 2) Authors, 3) Affiliation,4) English synopsis, 5) blank two lines and 6) Keywords. In the case that the title requires over 70
letters, an abridged title of within 70 letters, for use as a headline in the publication, should be specified
elsewhere.
(3) From the next page onwards, the contents should be in the following order: 1) Main text, 2)
Acknowledgement, 3) List of References, 4) Appendix and 5) List of captions of Tables and Figures.
Each part should be typed on separate sheets. Then 6) Tables and Figures should follow, on separatesheets.
1.3. Page numbering·Page numbering should be made at the bottom center of each sheet from the cover page onwards, inthe order: Main text, Acknowledgement, List of References, Appendix, List of captions Tables andFigures, Tables and Figures.
2. Manuscript-making
2.1. General(1) Manuscript should be written in American English.
(2) Trade names should not be used.
(3) Description of element symbols·When an element name is used as a symbol of material, the use of element symbols should be avoided
and the name of the element should be fully spelled out.
·When the element name is used as chemical symbol or adjectively used, the element symbol can beused.
2.2. Title(1) The title of the paper should be determined such that it reflects the contents most suitably andconcisely.
(2) Abbreviated symbols, if not conventionally used, should be avoided.
(3) Expressions such as “Study on” or “On the” should be avoided as the start of the title.
(4) Definite articles and indefinite articles are used as less as possible.

(5) The first letter of a word other than prepositions, conjunctions and articles are all capital letters
including hyphen-connected words.
2.3. Description of authors
Both the first name and last name should be written out fully. Middle names can be abbreviated.
2.4. Description of affiliations(1) When authors belong to different research organizations, each organization should be designatedby superscript numbers, in the form 1, 2 etc. The name of the department, name of the organization,and the address should be fully written out and should be separated by commas. The postal zip codeand country name should also be given.
(2) The name of the research organization should be given under the names of the authors.
(3) When an author's present affiliation is different from the name of the organization, in which theresearch was performed, it should be expressed as a footnote using an asterisk.
(4) For graduate students and undergraduate students, the affiliation should be expressed as a footnote
using an asterisk.

1. Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, A University, Hitachi 316-0001,
Japan
2. Corporate Research and Development Laboratory, B Co. Ltd., Sendai 980-0001, Japan(Footnote) *1 Graduate Student, A University*2 Graduate Student, A University. Present address: Corporate Researchand Development Laboratories, B Co. Ltd., Sendai 980-0001, Japan
2.5. English synopsis
Numeral equations and references cannot be designated by numbers.
2.6. Keywords
Except for proper nouns, all letters should be small letters.
(1) It is advisable to select keywords from the title and synopsis, since these contain important words.
However, keywords can also be selected from other parts of the manuscript.
(2) Keywords should be selected so as to be concrete meaningful words with as narrow definition as
possible.
Critical, Stress →critical stressLife→tool life, fatigue life(3) Use of keywords in noun form
Studied experimentally→ experimental study(4) Name of elements, name of chemicals, name of compounds and so forth should be fully spelled
out instead of using the symbol of the element.
CrMo steel→chromium molybdenum steel
E→Young's modulus, modulus of longitudinal elasticity(5) Simplified symbols and abbreviated forms cannot be used.
ESR(6) Use of compounded words and phrases is restricted to those that are commonly used.
(7) Be careful not to omit popular words.
(8) In the case that the authors have difficulties of whether to select or not, please select them as
keywords.
2.7. Heading of bodylarge size heading:

1. 2. ···

middle size heading:

1.1 2.1···

small size heading:

1.1.1 2.1.1···(1) (2)···(a) (b)···2.8. Tables and figures
Tables and Figures (photographs) are to be provided in one of the following file formats, and are to besubmitted together with the manuscript. When the designated files are not available, completed figures
are accepted for image processing. (No freehand drawings will be accepted.)
Adobe Illustrator (save as version 10)
PSD (All layers are combined)
EPS (PostScript level 1 compatibility)
PICT (Macintosh)
JPEG (high resolution, low compressed)
TIFF
PNGGIF (not see-through, assign all colors)
Microsoft Word/ Excel/ PowerPoint
PDF (no down sampling and no compression, All fonts must be embedded)
2.8.1. Tables(1) Each Table should be made on a separate sheet. Tables are set after the list of captions of Tables
and Figures in submission. Tables should be numbered sequentially.

(2) Tables should be sequentially numbered in the following manner: Table 1, Table 2.
(3) The Table caption should be located at the top of the Table, starting with a capital letter and ending
with a period.
(4) Headings in the Table should begin with a capital letter.
(5) Size of Table: Same as the publication size.
Half width size figure: 70-80 mm in width, 12 point letter size, subscript 10 point size Full width size
figure: 100-130 mm in width, 12 point letter size, subscript 10 point. The lines are of the same dense
and their width is of 0.5 pt and up (0.18 mm and up).
The vertical line is not displayed as a general rule.
ExampleTable 2 Thermal conductivities of some ceramics.
Thermal conductivity, κ/W・m－1・K－1
TiB2

69.9(1300 K)

TiC

30.0(1773 K)

TiN

67.8(1773 K)

ZrB2

64.5(1300 K)

2.8.2. Figures including photographs(1) General instructions
1) Each Figure should be drawn on each separate sheet.
2) Figures should be sequentially numbered in the following manner: Figure 1, Figure 2. If a figure isdivided to several parts, each part should be labeled as follows: (a), (b), (c).
The locations of (a), (b), (c) are either of follows.

3) Figure caption is made under the figure, starting with a capital letter and ending with a period.
4) The original photograph should not be of a once-half-tone type. Clear contrast, and vivid lines andcontours are required.
5) Color figures can be published with additional fee of 35,000 yen per printed page upon request of
the author. The author should specify each figure whether it should be published in color or black/white.
(2) Drawing instruction
1) Specifies the necessary scale for the photographs.
2) Size of figure: Same as the publication size.
Half width size figure: 70-80 mm in width, 10 point letter size, subscript 8 point size
Full width size figure: 100-130 mm in width, 10 point letter size3) Letters in the figure should be the same size.
4) Meshing consisting of thin, gray lines or very fine lines, and dense curve lines which may cause
moire fringe phenomena, are not recommended.
5) The lines are of the same dense and their width is of 0.5 pt and up (0.18 mm and up).
The framework lines are made not by broken lines but solid lines.
(3) Graphical Abstract
1) In addition to the text abstract, Graphical Abstract (hereafter GA) which represents the contents ofyour paper should be displayed. GA will be displayed only on the J-STAGE Online Journal.
2) Authors can select an original figure or a photograph as well as the one used in the paper. GA cancontain captions or additional words.
3) The figure or photograph which will be used as GA should be clearly stated on submission,indicating as “Graphical Abstract” at the header of the manuscript sheet. Caption should start with“Caption:”.
During review process, the Editorial Committee judges whether a selected GA is appropriate for eachpaper.
4) The color tone of GA is the same as submitted or as the one displayed in the text body.
5) Words or sentences in the figure will be shown as submitted.
6) Authors proofread GA as well as the text or figures.
7) GA does not need any additional costs including Color Charge.
2.8.3. Expression of physical quantities in Figures and Tables
Expression of the quantity symbol is required.
In the Figures and Tables, physical quantities should be expressed with use of the quantity symbol asshown in the following Figure.
The angle should be expressed as 10°, 20°...
PhysicalQuantity,(in Romanletter)

Symbol/ Unit

(in Italic)(in Roman)
In case of percentages orparts per million, write as
examples instead of slashand unit.

ex) Time, t / s
Temperature, T / K
Current Density, I / A·m-2
Residual Stress, σ / MPa
Strain, ε (%)

Sample of Figure

Silicon content, c (mass%)
Silicon content, c (mass ppm)
2.9. Footnotes and References(1) No footnotes are allowed in the main text. Comments and notes are to be shown in the references.
(2) Oral presentation should not be shown in the footnotes. If it is needed, quote the abstracts orproceedings in REFERENCES.
(3) Citation of references should be made sequentially, in the form 1, 2) or 3-6). List of References
should be attached.
(4) One reference number should correspond to one reference. Even if another reference of the sameauthor is cited, allocate a different reference number and do not use the expression, “ibid”.
(5) A reference is described in the order: names of authors (no need of comma before “and”), theabbreviated name of the journal, volume number (year), page. Volume number should be expressed inGothic type, and the names of books in italics. The abbreviation of journals should follow the ISOstandard.
The Abbreviation of Journals (http://jim.or.jp/PUBS/omission_e.html)(6) When authors are 15 or less, all of the names should be given, instead of using “et al”.
Example of journal
1) S. R. Pati and M. Cohen: Acta Metall. 17 (1969) 189-200.
2) W. Köster, T. Gödecke and D. Heine: Z. Metallk. 63 (1972) 802-805.
Example of book3) W. Hume-Rothery, R. E. Smallman and C. W. Haworth: The Structure of Metals and Alloys, (TheMetals and Metallurgy Trust of the Institute of Metals and Institution of Metallurgists, London, 1969)
pp. 336-342.
4) E. Houdremont: Handbuch der Sonderstahlkunde, 3. Aufl., 2. Bd., (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1956)
pp. 934-939.
Example of Proceedings
5) C. Wagner: Steelmaking, The Chipman Conference, ed. by J. F. Elliott, (The M.I.T. Press,Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1965) pp. 19-25.
6) K. Abe and Y. Sato: Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Rapidly Quenched Metals, ed. by T. Masumoto and K.
Suzuki, (The Japan Inst. Metals, 1982) pp.19-25.
Example of footnotes7) 1eV=1.60218×10−19J
Example of Annual meeting abstract
8) T. Yamada: Collected Abstracts of the 1999 Autumn Meeting of the Japan Inst. Metals（1999）pp.
101-102.
9) Collected Abstracts of the 201x Spring ( Autumn) Meeting of the Japan Inst. Metals 2011 No. xx

(DVD)
Example of Government report10) A. Colloza and J.L. Dolce: NASA/TM2005-213427, (NASA Glenn Research Center 2005), p.22
(online)Example of Webpage11) "Grants.gov Application Guide SF424 (R&R)". U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/424/SF424_RR_Guide_General_Adobe_VerC.pdf,(accessed201x-04-28)
Example of Online database12) MMDB-Entrez's Structure Database. National Library of Medicine, National Center ofBiotechnology Information.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/MMDB/mmdb.shtml, (cited 201x-04-28).
2.10. Numerical equation
Numerical equations in the main text should be expressed as, for example, x/3, a/(b + c) instead of,.

The exponential symbol should be expressed as “exp”, if possible.
The expression of 4×10-2 is used instead of 4 ·10-2.
2.11. Decimal point and thousand-unit comma
The decimal point for numerals should be put at the lower level of a numeral.
The thousand-unit comma should not be used to prevent confusion with decimal points.
2.12. SI Unit
(1) Usage of SI units should be, on the whole, based on Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS).
SI Units Conversion Table (http://jim.or.jp/jim_web/INFO/SI-Units.pdf)(2) Among units which are not included in SI units but are permitted for combined usage in JIS, only
the following units can be used.
(a) Units which can be used for combined usage because of their practical importance.
Timemin, h, dPlane angle°,',″

VolumeL

Masst(b) electron volt which can be used with SI units, in certain academic fields.
(However, it should be used only after the expression by J and be shown inside parentheses.)(c) following units can be usedmass fraction in percentage

mass%

mass fraction in parts per million mass ppm
atomic or molar fraction in percentage

mol% (at% should not be used)volume fraction in percentage

vol%NOTE: Celsius is a proper unit for temperature and is a SI unit
2.13. Material and alloy names(1) Material names should be fully spelled out as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Examples of material names.
Preferable expression
Should be avoided
aluminum alloy
Al alloy
carbon nanotube
CNTNoteWhen CNT is defined as carbon
nanotube in the first appearance in thetext, CNT is acceptable afterwards.

(2) Alloy names
Alloy names consisting of two or more elements should be written as shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Examples of alloy names.
Preferable expression
Al-Mg alloy
Al-4mass%Cu-1mass%Mg alloy
Al-4%Cu-1%Mg alloy
Ti-6mass%Al-4mass%V alloy
Ti-6%Al-4%V alloy
Al-4mol%Cu-1mol%Mg alloy

Acceptable expression
Al-4Cu-1Mg alloy

Should be avoided
aluminum-magnesium alloy
Al-4wt%Cu-1wt%Mg alloy

Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Ti6Al4V alloy-Al-4at%Cu-1at%Mg alloy(3) Alloy names or numbers defined in Industrial Standards
When alloys used in the manuscript were produced by certified companies’ factories along withIndustrial Standards such as JIS, AA, ASTM and so on, alloy names or numbers defined in theStandards can be correctly used as shown in Table 3. When alloy names or numbers are written in
the title and the text in the first-appearance basis, the alloy names or numbers should be expressed
together with fully spelled material names. Even if the alloy names or numbers are used, chemicalcompositions shown in the text or tables are preferable.
When alloys used in the manuscript were produced NOT by certified companies’ factories BUT by
use of laboratory-scale equipment, alloy names or numbers defined in the Standards should be avoided.
Authors should not name alloys as if the alloy names or numbers are seemed to be defined in IndustrialStandards.
Table 3 Examples of alloy names or numbers defined in industrial Standards.
Preferable expression inAcceptable
Should be avoidedNotethe title and the text in thefirst-appearance basis2024 aluminum alloy
AA2024 aluminum alloy
A2024S aluminum alloy
extrusion
A2024 aluminum alloy
AZ31B magnesium alloy
MP1B magnesium alloy
Mg-8%Al-1%Zn alloy

expression in thetext afterward
2024
2024 alloy
AA2024
AA2024 alloy
A2024S
A2024S alloy
A2024
A2024 alloy
AZ31B
AZ31B alloy
MP1B
MP1B alloy-JIS 2024S
JIS 2024S alloy
JIS 2024
JIS 2024 alloy
AZ31
AZ31 alloy
MP1MP1 alloy
AZ81
AZ81 alloyIndustrial Standardby
Aluminum Association
Idiomatic expression for
Industrial Standard by
Aluminum AssociationJIS
Idiomatic expression for JISASTMJIS
AZ81 alloy is NOT definedin ASTM.

(4) Unalloyed or purified materials
As the word “pure” is understood differently by readers, authors should pay attention if they dare to
use the word “pure” for material names.
purified materials.

Table 4 shows preferable expressions for unalloyed or

When experimental results are affected by impurities in the materials, impurity

contents should be shown in the text or tables in the manuscript.
Table 4 Preferable expressions for unalloyed or purified materials.
Preferable expression
NotShould be
preferable
avoidedexpression
1100 aluminum *1
purealuminum *2aluminumcommercial-purity aluminum *3
high-purity aluminum *4titanium *5

pure titanium--

high-purity
Al-Mg alloy*8commercially pure titanium *6
highly pure titanium *7-

Note*1 industrial Standards*2 equal and more than 99.00%
purity*3 99.00-99.90% purity*4 equal and more than 99.90%
purity*5 equal and more than 99%
purity*6 99-99.9% purity*7 equal and more than 99.9%purity*8 alloyed materials should not
be named as “high-purity” evenif high-purity raw materials areused in alloying.

2.14. Letters representing numeral values (quantity symbols)
Letters representing numeral values (quantity symbols) should be designated regardless of whether
they are constants or variables, since they are printed in italic letters. Mathematical symbols aredesignated by Roman letters. Examples: quantity symbols:length; l, area; A, S, volume; V, v, pressure; P, force; F, time; t, vector; A, a,scientific constants; N, kmathematical symbols exponential function; exp(when expressed by e, it is printed in italic letters)
natural logarithms; ln x
general logarithms; log xsine; sincosine; costangent; tan
2.15. Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments should be made at the end of the manuscript, leaving an interval of one line after
the body of the text. Financial assistance, the use of apparatus and the receipt of research funding andso on, should all be acknowledged in this section.
2.16. Appendix
Tables and Figures and equation numbers in the Appendix, should be numbered separately from thenumbering in the main text, by writing: A1, A2, etc.
2.17. Approximation of printed page number
Title, authors, affiliation: about 40 lines in the body
English synopsis: one line in printed form of 16-20 words corresponds to about 40 words in the maintext.
The main text: one page in printed form corresponds to about 1000 words or 6000 letters.