３．超伝導電磁石の基礎

高エネルギー加速器研究機構
鈴

木

研

人

目

次

超伝導電磁石の基礎
１

はじめに……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ３−１

２

第II種超伝導体の特性 ……………………………………………………………………………………… ３−１

２．１

GLコヒーレンス長と上部臨界磁場Bc2 …………………………………………………………… ３−１

２．２

ピン留め効果と臨界電流密度 ……………………………………………………………………… ３−２２．３

硬い超伝導体の磁化 ………………………………………………………………………………… ３−３２．４

臨界状態モデル ……………………………………………………………………………………… ３−５

２．５

Flux jump ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ３−８２．６

磁化による磁場精度の影響 ………………………………………………………………………… ３−10３実用超伝導ケーブルの特性………………………………………………………………………………… ３−12
NbTi 素線 ‒ 極細多芯線 …………………………………………………………………………… ３−12３．２超伝導電磁石用ケーブル Rutherford cable ……………………………………………………… ３−13

４

３．１

クエンチ保護………………………………………………………………………………………………… ３−18
４．１

MPZとMQE ………………………………………………………………………………………… ３−18

４．２

Quench propagation velocity ………………………………………………………………………… ３−20

４．３

クエンチ検出 ………………………………………………………………………………………… ３−20

４．４

MIITs ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ３−21

４．５

クエンチ保護技術 …………………………………………………………………………………… ３−21

４．６

Quench training ……………………………………………………………………………………… ３−24

５

まとめ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ３−25

６

付録…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ３−26６．１

多極成分 ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ３−26

６．２

NbTi 臨界電流密度 ………………………………………………………………………………… ３−26

６．３

Load line ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ３−26

参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ３−270[1] ?E©)_ !Á

0nÏ®¨wÚ» hysteresis 4¥(]MµT/`Ìj®¬ uÍ¦

1. !oÄÙF(4ÃÂ¹K0^Å¸ ÈPyk¯s5-ÈPyQÅ¸!u¦ªÈPyQ k¯ .q)9!nÏ®l4Ô0£ 414B6;

G@C £ Ö®¬ uÍÊ Ð>Gag# Ö®ª£ !DE=EYhDE=E±4À My 1

¿087E<VÆË% u!ÈPy¢Ç½Ø10Î¼Ö2.  II 

-ÈPyQ\ÏUZ0®4½Ø .
DE=EUZÓW±~ÉÕ¾0*`ÌjÈPy®¬!´ II ²ÈPyQR

310³! ÈPyQ £ Ü®bÝ0Hg + Sn  cQX·Ò{ L0´ÀÀu¦bf -2d¿ 4s 

I ²ÈPyQ!º¨®l Bc OIB6;>G¤
40 Bc (T=0)! 10 mT ±~×}z
 Å¸ ;:GA0ÈPyÖ®¬$

2.1. GL :!G*E;ÓHÏº¨®l^ ¦!Jf 0
!´ II ²ÈPyQ!2ß È
PyQ!LdÒ+bd¢1IÏº¨®l Bc1 HÏº¨®l Bc2 Þ º¨®l40Bc1 OI!´ I ²ÈPyQe B6;>G¤0Bc1 4È0ÈPy¤4V''® \ÏUZ0-/[Qª!®Ñr(quantum of flux : ] tDx ) ÈPyQ\Ï ¶(vortex line 0!
B
flux line)40 ¤!d¤(mixed
state)0! ¶¤(vortex state)g"10*nÏ .
0®¨ HÏº¨®l Bc2
4È0ÈPy¤!m1}Py¤$Ê°0 1*Û* ! 10 T ´ I
²ÈPyQ%*×}p31>;/  +®l.¯ 1´  ²ÈPyQ<\0®?E©)a!º0y ,;359<9? ?9;=3-/< g"10-¼r¤¶!Ó¯10) *  ¶40ÈP
yÖ a-/ÈPyQ\Ï!Ö
W!K  0, Ál0¤^)%G <\ ¶.cÅJ/!ÈPy!
Ï<ªm1:!G*E;Ój±~Lb0-Zi®ldf <\º¨®l4

0 º¨®l`ÈPy Ç´ I ²F´ II ²ÈPyQ tÑª=/<i4t0º¨Öv~ Jc 
0 W Û1"Û&¡ 5! Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory  y10OI GL parameter (V))0M Ö4ÈPyQM  0 ®¬¦0ß

*0 W4t0 !
ÈPyQ\ÏUZ®v LPIB44
V t J t  u LPIB4
H?E©)_0 u¦ªÈPyQ!3,0­ÈPyQg"1 ?E©)_ S"­ÈPyQ N½0 Nb3Sn ld«W!0

x

|

`ÌjÂ§

FCC-hh $ ¦ Jc=1500 A/mm2 at 16 T 4«

(2-1)

Y! GL :!G*E;Óg"10vË%-
´ II ²ÈPy!.- u . u .-d¤ !®! ¶ UZ
0(Figure 1a E) y ¶Ö!t_ ¥Abrikosov r-"10-¼r¤Ó¯

㸱㸫 1

10

|*Wt10[2] ¶ .cÅJ/!ÈPy¤ Ï<ª¡m1 /
Y±~Lb(Figure 1b)®l!DE=E

1

UZÓW±~¾0(Figure 1c)Table 1 !
IÈPy¢Ç WY4')0,´ªW!¢Ç-p Ñ!M 3 
0 ½4(03 0Í/Y!¢Ç-0M 3 0 . In, Pb, Sn !

p

´ I ²{Nb !´ II ²{0&+,6/  I¢Ç DE=EUZÓh  :!G*E;Ój
W (nm)Y (nm)

In

24

360

Pb

32

510

Sn

~30

~170

Material

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 -DG*E_!Ö!Pf
7  _- ¶ Ì~M# B0OI Öl ¿Ã10ß

Nb
32
39
 ´ II ²ÈPyQ HÏº¨®l.- !:!G*E;ÓÑr®4¦OI
M# s .
1 t 

-

½0ß

(2-4)

¶ µÌÍB01tldDG*
E_pq_ÜM# SÝ Õ/d

N.- < t KJ T(U $ <- r <

(2-2)



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UM
# t 5 s ] Q

(2-5)

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0u¦ªfK!pÖ4M 5-10 T¶!ß<- !Ê°~4½-V ) 4¢Ç4¦1"º¨®lFÊ°~

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F

.

(2-6)
(2-7)

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:!G*E;Ó
1"u¦ªÈP
yQ0M4s5,º¨Öv~!

wS×60M 3 0ml ¥2ß0d¤(.- u . u .- )
PyQUZ®È,<\0l0ÁM!7CGrÎ ¥0M0uÇª®"DGml ¥y
Öv~ º¨Öv~M0®"DG ¥+¤!ÈPyÖ

d4°0 ¤Öv~54(-ÜFigure 2Ý
H# 4c4Ø¥/¶Q4®

'/1!nÏ®l®¬$ ¦!-2 *Áf c4#8C0OI DG*Eu ´ II ²ÈPyQ! ¤!Snª_/uÚ!J©¢+Ù-ZiªÈPy m1®!?

¶7 ß


2# t 5  s H# ] Q t 5 s .

(2-3)

㸱㸫 2

&+,6/ ÛHÏº¨®lFÊ°~4*´  ²ÈPyQ,»-/_¦
CrystalBc2 (T)

Jc (A/mm2)

Material

structure

Tc (K)

at 4.2K

at 4.2K at B (T)

Nb-Zr

A-2

9.5

11

1 x 102 (6 T)

Nb-Ti

A-2

9.3

11

1 x 104 (7 T)

Nb3Sn

A-15

18.3

23

2 x 102 (20 T)

Nb3Al

A-15

18.9

32

1.5 x 102 (16 T)

Nb3(Al,Ge)

A-15

20.5

41

1 x 104 (12 T)

Nb3Ga

A-15

20.3

34

Nb3Ge

A-15

23.2

37

1 x 103 (21 T)

V3Si

A-15

17.0

23.5

1 x 101 (10 T)

V3Ga

A-15

15.2

23

1 x 103 (20 T)

23

3 x 103 (6 T)

V2(Hf,zr)
C-15
10.1
E6(pinning site))A10?E©)1®!?E©)_(pinning force)2$
7 1 DG*E_2# Õ/dM®
"DG!¥!Ö455
H1"DG*E_!Hw1!®"
DG ¥0 y ?E©)_2$ º¨Öv~5- ×6!OI -0ß

2$ t r5- s .

(2-8)?E©)_4Û)0Mº¨Öv~5-f

H0  ?E©)_ ´ II ²ÈPyQ­ÈPyQ (hard superconductor)g"10Figure 3 !­ÈPyQ N½ NbTi.
 Nb3Sn ?E©)_4 -x. ×½* 0
1'u¦b

½1

­ÈP

yQ4 &+,6/ ')0
bd¢0 A15¨ ÈPyQ!81º¨Öv~Fº¨®
lFÊ°~40M 3 0 `Ë%0-ÈPyÖ®¬R¦09G@C!
ªµb dÜ/ 9G@Ck¸ ¢§`¿10£.¤! NbTi|*u¦ªÈPyQ0

31>;/ !,&3  !,%8
2.3. ­ÈPyQ?E©)_ ) *®b

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㸱㸫 3

 1' Ï±!nÏ®lwHËG(reversible response)0
31>;/  ?E©)a4°gy ´  ²ÈPyQ\Ï ®v~+®b,) *
!?E©)a4°gld!0
2 (Figure 5) y ¶!?E6)A1±B M  )nÏ®l .- 4È`*\Ï ®v~!®+ §H 0®l4Ild!6 . ¶!B M  ¬ª®v~{­*®b{­*JHË31>;/ªoµ­ !,&3®b{­ ) * 

Figure 6 ­ÈPyQ0 NbTi ªoµ­®b{­(tW)4£. 7 t   q/C fnÏ®l4Tb0®b!}nÏ®l Tb fw
G® ªn0³4£ -®bhysteresis !7CGoU43OI £®boU Q¥0ß(irreversible)n0³4£'nÏ®l4h*\Ï®v~!X9Ô

91A;< t & 7. A.

(2-9)

  .1-0©®b (.103 oU!®b{­ CGAØ¥<ÈPyQ\Ï¥0oU0¡®b p 1" oU!pÀ0e31>;/  ?E©)a4°g´  ²ÈPyQ\Ï ®v~+®b,) *



㸱㸫 4

0

31>;/ ÈPy <6+, 4¦º¨¤&C,ÈPy <6+, ®b{­ -I B  0 <6+,\Ï Öv~<\®v~<\>)!®lz1 ?3;138<=+=/ 0 




I

2.4. º¨¤&C­ÈPyQ ®b tb! Bean .-·31[6]

&C!º¨¤&C(critical state model: CSM)  g " 1  ® bhysteresis 4tÑªÀx 0CSM -0
\Ï(Ç5®!º¨Öv~5- -É]10(Î¼10)Figure 7(a)£-slab g"10 y f z f Øpp ÈPy D(D( 2a)w y fnÏ®l./@< 4    D >}¤!®l.1 virgin state 0Ampere @-/®¨3 curve(# s !Öv~4¥(]CSM ! Öv
3

 M

 /@< t
#s.
I



M@

Q t 5- Q(2-10)

ÈPyQ\ÏUZ0®v~4|*ÉÕÎ¼0-Zi®l5.,tW5- 10°0 0 Ö!
Î¼Ö(shielding current '! persistentcurrent)*g"10Figure 7 (b) hysteresiscurve

IÏ± - 0 slab . Öv~<\F®v~ <\4£Virgin state.nÏ®l4aH \Ï®
UZ0Ü Ý 1!º¨Öv~5- Î¼10 y\Ï ®v~!(2-10)-/OI~ W45- ,²0°0ß㸱㸫 5

½10ß(2-11).O t .A r  X 5- OnÏ®l4H slab 9Q® UZ
0Ü Ý y nÏ®l W4.8 0ßt ~5V0M 3 5V !?E©)1® AÃ-
?E©)$E'C ÛS4//Ä?
?E6°B0 flux motion ÃM0M `¾x1[9][10] Â!flux(2-12).8 t X 5- ?

creepg"10!; CSM §È/nÏ®l4Hw0 .8 !penetration fieldg"10Ï± 0®b74)0ß0 `nÏ®l4.5 'HÜ Ý1!®b TbMe¸0nÏ®l4.5 .I Figure 7







(2-14)

.p! slab \ ]O®v~/OI(c) £-uÎ¼Ö [ 1K.10ß

0.I nÏ®l4 0 '¶*Î¼Ö!/©®b 10






I 
 +
.p t + % .O AO t +! t Ü Ý -CSM !­ÈPyQ(2-15)



hysteresis 4Hj Àx uÞ*;(2-15)4(2-14)NZß10[7] Ï±«-®
b 0¤nÏ®l4.8 'H







(2-16)

(2-17)

7 t r  5- ?.A v .8

.ÍÊy,~Ö

W4¶;ÖW4Hy Ì.Ï±®l<\!0M4fK0uÚ ÍÊ

7 t I | r ~ w .A w .8

ldvirgin state y%®b<\!/ 0 01!ÈPyÖ®¬ Í¦4°
yvirgin state

O

7tI rI*\Ï Öv~<\Tb!¥

0(2-17)-/®b! slabp 

S×60M 3 0!,~ÈPy­~! penetration field OH®l4«Þ `'ÖW4¶;ÖW4H .ÍÊ4·
Beanh CSM !B6;>G¤

y¹.10HËÏ±!º'Zi®l-.5- !},tW400CSM
4#G;5Ziª®l5V

4°g

Kim ./[8]OI 4KßCT(U5- . t (2-13)

. !¢Ç-Tb0tuÞ31>;/  º¨¤&C4+6(GÒ¦ldª)0R< *¢Ç-Tb0㸱㸫 631>;/  º¨¤&C ÈPy <6+, ÆÊÖ VN0ld Öv~F®v~<\
+nÏ®l VNld,"/8/=;+=39803/6. OH nÏ®l VN0¤ÍÖldampere per unit length)45- !},tuÚ! - slab Q ÈPyQ4°0 VN¦K! ß®¬R¦0M! `Ë%0- ª
O t ? r O toµQ +6(G4¦0 y ®b&C* CSM 4 # G ;    °  0 M0(Figure 8)  n Ï ® l ./@< 4 H   Penetration field Ð0^!ÖÜ5- Ý!n
4 Bipolar ª1µ\Ï :£1
0Ï<!Ö!VN ¦Ï<(2-21)

!

0O t ? 1 1Ç .A¹.1

0 1!ÆÊÖ ¥(]±f®lSS

 t X (# s .
+: ÓÅBp aÜ+6(GBp},²Ý

¹ W!ß

.A O t ? t X 5- sÅBp b 0®bF penetration field!

(2-22)t X 
! -0ß!nÏ®l VN0¤ÍÖ0,



7 t r K 5-  r + ?{ w ./@< w .8 } (2-18)
7 t r K 5- ?{./@< v .8 }



(2-19).8 t

I ! +

(2-20)

K02ßFigure 9(b) £->)slab ! penetration field OH nÏ®l4«Þ([11]5./@< t .8 0)º¨Ö B<(4< t  t 5- ?
Ö0

'ÆÊÖ

M!°g



W0§c¥(]®loÙßuÚ!®¬ÍÖA®40À .
¡º CSM -0ÈPyQ\Ï!Öv~!}5-

yÆÊÖ

W'Í

)

Figure 9 (a)£ slab

&C°0£-nÏ®l./@< t Ö4< (A/m:㸱㸫 7.A O t  t .8 r X  t .8(2-23).A O t ? t .8 q X  t .8(2-24)

/Figure 9 (b) .W£-<\

I 00EAC\!.® U

0 (2-12)4< t 5- ?4¦.
ÖW4H º¨ÖÐZ ®UZ-/ 3)EAC\!Öl
M
Ü# s 1 t r Ý ¥#GC(C ¥(4< t 4- t 5- ?  Figure 9 (b)0M 4)~0Figure 9(b)

slab

H¢

<\

M<

Hw0hÑCGA4¥®b4°(-1)-4) ;9G=ªÃ'(2-15)-/ slab \ ]O®v~4)0~Hw m¬ :C Öd31"+

I 9G; ß

Ê°~<- 4È|«ªÈPy¤ m
10ß87E<0±' -.p t .8 4< t (2-25).p t  .8 4< t  (2-26).p t  .8 4< t 4-

;9G=Â!flux jumpg"10(2-27)

Â¤ 01.4¦(2-14)-/ß
!

7 t r  ? t 7 4< t (2-28)



7 t r  ? t   7 4< t  (2-29)

7 t 4< t 4-

(2-30)!

/ÆÊÖ H 0qI 0ÂªÂ¤40M®b!ÖWw­
Y0M ¢ ).10®b Y! slab  Figure 8 £+6(G Â¤*¢).10Âª!
ÆÊÖWw
OI -Y0[12]ß
!



75< t y r !  z 731>;/  ~Hw`F®v~<\1!flux jump

(2-31)

5< !ÆÊÖ4+6(GØ¥>Öv~(5< t  )0
K+

2.5. Flux jump

1960 jN-/­ÈPyQ4¦­~R

310-0 º¨Ö-/*A<0Ö00Slab~ Hw

5- < ! 5- < q < t 5- < r 5Tb0ÜFigure 10Ý 
!5- v 0 y slab \ ®v~( w O w ?)!(2-11)-/ß./ O t ./ r X 5- < O./ O t ./ r X 5- < r 5- O

(2-33)

e<./ O t ./ O r ./ O !

-

°.10wÂ0ÈPyQEAC!

`30
EAC ZÑ(/) 1)% 2)º¨Öv~
~ HwÜ< t  ÝÃ0®JWt

24 Figure 7 £ slab &C4¦Ä%-Slab ! y f./ (v .8 Ý®lW87E<Ü}PyÊ°Ý ¥0JÙ¹³31t ª!OI -DMÃ0®l _`1d¤Ü.- u . u .- Ý00 y1.
ZÜ9Ý

<6+, \Ï º¨Öv~

(2-32)

0ß

㸱㸫 8

./ O t X 5- O

(2-34)

" 9 t |/ r X 5- ? P( ( Q~ <® UZ3Öl ¥0ß" 9 ' / <

./ O A;L T@U" &{# s 1 }  AG t r %   A;
<# s 1  A; t r //

(2-35)uaªZÑ4K0 /®JWt 4K02!/ u 09yZ24)0M  0ßz f,²0'x=a I ! + )1? t 0z f

!w

.f Ó6< «É¥<4O w O w ?

stability parameterÜSÝ4G;/OI

;G8; t4¦Ölf!
Figure 7(a)(2-40)

P( ( Q(2-41)tSu

¦KØt(2-35)4Â¤0Öl 4¯5Vp  a À ß'slabr.10ß
P( ( Q?u+

56  O R AO R {1O q 1? }6 t rX
L
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! 
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(2-36)" 1O t rX< ®JWt

0#GC(C)! w O w ?

¦K(5- !-z K+

pM0NbTi S4(2-43)!
)(0ÍÊ2<78 t  K./ t  T

00º¨Öv~ ~5V 4 ­1t0ß

4Ð5-  A/mm2<78 t K/ t  s J/(m3K)1"J5+@ t  Xm 0GG!ÛXm( ((2-38)

5- < t 5- ( (

(2-43)

I ! 

flux jump 4Ã+6(G |p¿ZB(2-37)P( ( Q

J5+@ t  

 + 
 +
 r5- 1 O LAO t X 5- 5 ? r O  AO
? 
? 

+6(G ld*Â¤  [5]ß

f10Mf)ß

t X 5- 5-Ã0 slab i 24y M 0e 2! Figure 8- y,z f c4Ó/¥(2-42)

I ! 

+6(GBp¿10|p p 0 ' ÆÁ!2I0® Wtadiabatic<78 !ÍÊ~5- !<78  0stabilityË% 1!nÏ ) ld!02ß

> º¨Öv~0<TbÚ º#GC¨Öv~ Tb5- !(2-38)-/ßwr± !'0ß(

5- t 5- ( (

(2-39)

0 7CG)E;!(2-37)
(2-39)4¦ß¥0¤I!wr605 4¦S t M 05 # 5 t M!
05 # .
M<
M<

(2-44)

05 t X Z/Z!ml/®
v~0!Öv~ yt[5 $ 05 w
r0M4fK0,nÏ +//9 q C t /<0ld¢Ç!ß

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

(2-45)

0< # < t M<Í1")%E®b

Load line ratioÜÇ³Ý2! 77%±wr60< t ÜF:PyÝ4¦wr y±q05 ) 0<

~0Ý




ldnÏ

PÐyÖ,wr0M4&+,6/  ¦0 !,&3$>=2/;09;. 9G@C ÅX) *

fK1'ÆÁ2,²
0,05 ( 0< ld!H¾ËPÐÜ
ld!:CÝ-®

wrParameteru.1

Filament diameter5-    t  TM À0X 7    t e -24Wtb~!Ò aÜZ m -F r

Cable

 Wcm-1K-1 Ý   /  `  Ë % 0 NbTi
Rutherford cable~*R¦1

Strand diameter0

Mid-thickness width

2.6. ®b-0®l¨~

Value

Xm

6

# of filaments in a strand.05 ( 0< 4¢Ç4ÈPyQ3¦0MWt

Unit
Strand0 -J/  ]Z/4°gWt2!dynamic stabilityg"10
ÆÁ

Y0

a ¹0Ü^tÖW! 12.11 kA3Öd3®

º¨Ö

6425
A/mm2

2100

mT

23

mm

0.825

#. of strand in a cable
Keystone angle

oÙCable 4- at .=7 T
Cu/SC ratio®b oÙ!®Wt  uÚ®

36
mm

1.480

degree

0.90

A

12960
1.9

¬ ¥(]®l¨~w*oÙ0uS
4¦ª*-
LHC ÛÌ~A*G=(HL-LHC[13])f¹Î0G"<ÕQÈPyF ®¬(D1)[14]! LHC Main dipole
outer cable 4¦0 9G@C!
ªoµ+6(GNbTi Rutherford cable 4¦0 140Ü ·­(strand)
·­40ÈPy")%EÅX4

Table 3 £ 9G@C4¦ D1

GBCÞ <(b3)1 Ö5V 4 Figure 11 £!uÚt1¬(Measured)")%E®bÜÎ¼ÖÝ4°gÂ¤W(Calc.1)°gldÂ¤W(Calc.2)4Ë0Figure 11 £0ÖÝR! Calc.2 FuW*
hysteresis  b3 1")%E®b4°g Calc.1  Ñ ¹G10e,ÛÖÝR! Calc.1 * Calc.2 (uW)*e- b3 01!

31>;/    ®¬t1GBCÞ <ÜÝ Ö5V ")%E®b®l¨~oÙ0,¿M! flux jumpx.10x Û®lÈPyÖ®¬f

­~4¸ Nb3Sn1o~]!OÄ 6.1 ¾#+

2

㸱㸫 10

Load line ratioÉº±Ê!OÄ 6.3 ¾#+x.10 1! &+,6/ £-
NbTi %Ê°~FHÏº¨®l ° p

HLQ%"~(4.2 K)×}Û5-Ü~3000 A/mm2 at B=10 T
RRP1Ý r.10,¤ 8DG!")%Ep ~50 Xm(RRP  PIT2ld)<Ø1 / Û5- 40M.0®lÝR flux jumpÃ0(Figure 12)Flux jump instability !®l¨~*oÙ4K0M

PI10Figure 13

31>;/  &.3:96/ t.¹.1
®lTB) *­ÝR 06>A4>7: ]yÁ0! HL-LHC f¹Î10 11T dipole[16]flux jump ¥y ®lTB4£[17]|p~60 ppm & Tb ¹.1031>;/ !,%8 ­~ ®b{­) *6>A4>7:oÙ-0®lÝR & :% -{­ ¹.10$$""&!,%8


1

Rod Restack Process®
  Oxford Instrument
Science and Technology (OIST)  ®  Å ¡  
Nb3Sn ªÅ¡³ÃR Sn  Nb E7;l%¼.ªy bvH\-²YÁ?I4³ ~ Nb3Sn ª! HL-LHC
low- Ë¥¤(MQXF) [33]' 11T
dipole [16] _,+

2

㸱㸫 11

Powder in Tube NbSn2 §-ÃRl%¼.
 Nb 6AI>¸%ªy bvH\-²3. 

(Multifilamentary composite wire)   / 
Figure 14c±-¹Î10NbTi dÒ

4Q0ÒÜcopper matrixÝO)Ç5.­_ hexagonal rod ¤=;G;4 ;;8F­_ `c4¯/ÈMr.10Ì. '(annealing)4
0M% E¤Ti ]1?E67 º¨Öv~ fH
0|«ª!ÈPyÏ0 NbTi ")%Ep!Xm ×}ª* '+H 0ÜFigure 15 EÝ·­) *d Ü/ ·­  77!D  * !,&3 ")%E i7 O)Ç'1 ªoµ­40H!,&3 ")%E wp9

 31>;/ !,&3
31>;/ !,&3ªoµ­·­¹Î) *^³ ÆÁ .®b *.®JWt+®l¨~$

oÙ4°gÜ+6(G1"Ý×}ª­ÈPyQ4¦0d¿ 
0Àe³!u¦ÈPy­~|*R¦10 NbTi

9G@C« 9G@CÎ+Ö®£ ÀÀ 
3.1. NbTi ·­ –



ªoµ­

NbTi !dÒ/_+m

810 WT0M .N|*F10ÈPy­~0ÛÊ°~<- ! 3042% ÐÑ Ti 4`0Mr.1©
10 K 0HÏº¨®l.- ! 4.2 K  31>;/ 8=/;036+7/8= -9>:6381 ->;;/8=) *1"d -n0³4£
& TB®lwH -9::/; 7+=;3A 4*Î¼ÖCGA 
1'
 -×}ªÈPy")%E11.5 T 01' ÆÁ .ª+

 NbTi  Cu  ºd~4r0Mflux jump

6(G ®Wt 810M 3  Ö w    adiabatic stability  dynamic

40ko*

stability¿+6(G4

0u¦ª+6(G!

0d

ªoµ­

Þ Wt2 1ÈPyÖ®¬$ ¦!,¹JÙ 0

㸱㸫 12



uÚ!Öml

matrix0  copperÈPy")%EÖ Î¼Ö 7'0Øª®lwÎ¼Ö c,")%EÓ

31>;/ !,&3 ªoµ­6; ) *\Ï
r4¼\0)Ò·»Ï47<E
0 

ÜFigure 16 dÝTB®lw!
copper matrix 4*")%EÖ Ö
4'ÜFigure 16 HÝÖ!

3.2. ÈPyÖ®¬¦9G@C Rutherford cableinter-filament coupling current (IFCC)g"1
0IFCC1'copper matrix\Ï#GC4¥0 ÈPy")%Ew-`ª®l4*.)®JWt4v | ld flux jump
4*.' ) ªoµ­'NbTi­,/0º¨Ö4- 4Â¤(
0Wt  Ð¿T0 Copper-tosuperconductor ratio ÜÈPyQw0ÒÝ
W·­Ø¥-0ß

* 4{0(twist)MÖCGA Ø¥4.
cV 10ÜFigure 14 c±.twistÝFigure 17  NbTi

ªoµ­ 6;

10uÚ r4£IFCC

yt-®b!OI -tb 0[4][20]ß

·­Î4Àx ·



(3-3)

4- t 5- - H

0 .- t1 mm2W t 5- t3000 A/mm2
Ü< t  K. T 41tÝ1"4- t1000 A
0·­,* Ö4ÍÖ#I
[20 t L  K





 .

720 t I



.<

[20

(3-1)

0 ÈPyÖ®¬!-/ÛÖ4M 0- ªoµ­4[×)9G@Cb(3-2)

09G@Cb ;!pÖÍÖ ÈPy:6C g­4.M-68 !ÈPy")%E6;?

<(twist pitch)/±/ IFCC ¾a 0Z/00 ! IFCC copper matrix 4=0Ú mlÜeffective transverse resistivityÝ
0.2 !")%E\¿Ã10TB®

0:6C

06E8E;bx.10

AC ª;¦ÜN½ª!E8DDE`Ìj¦®¬Ý !06E8E;b-®¬ Inductive ÖN4u0M  0`Ìj¦ÈPyÖ®¬L¦.10pÖl  n Ï ® l ./@< y _ Ì ~ Ï  l d !
.2 ./@< 0[4]")%E {/­?<~10 mmZ/00 10-8 m  IFCC ¾yt

9G@C!²M Rutherford-Appleton  iÔ Rutherford cable 0 9G@C[20 4Â¤010 ms 0 y
720 0.02 . (c4: T)0 %6E%E

20-40 {/d3Þ[ ")¤4¶¡`Ìj¦®¬ ®ly_Ì~

0.01 T/s ±~Î4 Figure 18 £0.5-1.5 mm·­40'·­!{/­?<(transposition
pitch)

Óli

9  Z 1  3 0 fullyM 3 0 6;?< ±/

transposed Ó¯09G@CØ!
Figure 18 £-G;GE¼~4

0M4s1!1

0 nJ!D 25 Xm-50 Xm i 10 mm-

0M4°0 IFCC -0®b oÙ!z
®b W!p
1

8/4:=76 copper matrix &c +¥Lst|'21G6U¹ µ )!!Q °  ] IFCC (+¥e!
p
+¨ª-^+ transverse  $È | +-¨ª }¢,
+

㸱㸫 13

$%6!=GA4 50%Ð d3factor U t L A; N­0 Gµ¤g* z=4Q\);;GE¼~4Ã0M-ÈPyÖ®¬GA0!$%6!=GA4 mm:6C10Ö<\!tª cos<\

20 mm

Õ

Ö4Ã .g - ÜFigure 19ÝÍ

0MÈPy9G@C$R -0U4z 0d¿ 0 NbTi 9G@CldIØW! 0.75 10

:C«É4X9ÜFigure 20Ý:6C\p z 0&
31>;/ $>=2/;09;.-+,6/ ÎdHÖ/d·­Ö z½mlÜa Ý8D;0·­Ö )emlÜa Ý
$>=2/;09;.-+,6/ Ø!G;EÜÈ¡­Ý 40ÜIÝ
31>;/  ÈPyÖ®¬:6C ØHI`
ÌjR¦1  -9< ®¬ + &/?+=;98ÜIÝ ®
,$-$.
¬-9<®¬ I7:6C=Ø31>;/ $>=2/;09;.-+,6/_¦Ýn¼Ü) *-/,Ï

9G@C!G;GE¼4Ã0)&¢!D( 0(L u L Figure 18 E)G;GE¼R< !9G@CiN0R< t   L r L N/ ¼~4
·­4 9G@C\!TB®lw
·­eU Ö¬d0 inter-strand couplingcurrentÜISCCÝ ¥0Rutherford cable
ldISCC !)eml:-ÜFigure 18 EÝ4*109G;ÜFigure 21Ý0!Ö
/d·­Ö z½ml:+ ÜFigure 18 EÝ4
*ÖCGA 109G; 00  ) L ! · ­ p 4 A;   0   Compaction

㸱㸫 14ÖÀ! Rutherford cable 4n/b.0·­+G8&Cb40MH°0[20][21]Figure 22 +G8&
C ,S4£Âª!4E° !7E;Ë%0&C!·­!Øª­ÖÍ/
 /Figure 22 £-IG=]Z/0ÖW!C!" @q

31>;/  $>=2/;09;. -+,6/ +G8&CÜ§Qª6%G< / Ý

'G=-Ó.10ICGA   t . . . ) 7Ú ")
TB®l.
@ A B
G@4À M'/IG=FÓLÉ 42; ! ISCC4<; !ÆÊÖ I·­!OI §0ß

10<0IG=FÓLÉw(3-4)
(3-4)

 4;<: q  4+ q  4-:; t    :+ 4+ q  :- 4-:; q  =; t .
=; !·­(3-5)(3-6)4¦Øe<(Finite Difference
Method: FDM)4¦À MI·­41
0 ISCC

(3-5)

23)

).10(Figure-Rutherford cable.c-Íyt!Ó /' GG! 0.1~1 s0ÖN/·­º¨

Ö4-;<: 4Èld(4;<: v 4-;<: )yÖ_<\

0M 3 0(¥0ohmic ÖN<J/ ÓLÉ . (6E8E;

inductive ÖN< .0 , )%G fK! Figure 22 4E1
'-!«0+G8LÉ Ó{Ø Ø¥4½·­10Ö!9
G@CÆÊÖ4< OI

×6

/§

 4+ q  4;<: t  4+ q  42; q  4<;<: t 4<

(3-6)

ß
31>;/ %L.` ` ÜL.` Ý yt<\) *;)E= {/­?<Ó  7
a t a t mil@ 77g t g t n o77 
0
ISCC ! IFCC eTB®l ¥0M
¥0¬dÖ/®l¨~w*o31>;/  $>=2/;09;. -+,6/ \
38=/;<=;+8.
-9>:6381 ->;;/8= % 20CGA GES
) *HL ld % !)eml4*CG
A40

Ù4K0IFCC ld^¥ÆÁ-
E8DDE`Ìj¿10,´ª®ly_Ì~ 0.01 T/s

Tb1"&5oÙ ISCC®b!8 

+G8&C*Â¤ 0 Wilson -0
[22]ß






76- t r &

.
.<

 .

76+ t r &



㸱㸫 15

.<

68- 8; 8; r 
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68- <

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<

(3-7)
(3-8)


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!®l! Rutherford cable @DG=ØP0068- !9G@

3.3. Decay and snapback

C {/?<Ó8; !9G@C\ ·­L!
]Oª9G@CD((L q L )0HY c,a !1 1)eml4*¬dÖ
zml4*¬d4½Figure 23 e9G@C2Â¤076- 4.5. Üc4: TÝ c4: TÝ IFCC y%®b76+ 0.3.Ü
6 ÜÞp M 3 0. ISCC!®¬10Öf VN0)
1-/ Figure 24 £-o < ®
ly_Ì~ 5V

¹ 0.)eml:-

9G@C\".0®¬ w

a1 Unallowed o < ¥0M

3 0[23]

31>;/ ./-+B+8.<8+:,+-5
1'

S)

*

¥!·­\Ï¥0¬dÖ

Ü IFCC Ý  9 G @ C \ Ï  ¥  0 ¬ d Ö ÜISCCÝ 6>!8;½1 uÚ®¬4Í¦(01.

¬dÖ

!Àx Â Ã 0M 3 

㸱㸫 16

1 decaysnapbackg"10Â0`ÌjÍÊ!Z]j . G"41~*Z10)ÓyÖZ]ÖV0d¿ 0  yGBCÞ ®l ÓyÖ
3TBÜdecayÝÖW4Hw0
snapbackÃ0Â ¼1ÜFigure25Ý
>!ÈPy­~flux creepDM31  ®lTB+ÏE A®`5
VTB

Tb0Mu4ÀxM

3 [25]
%"!'31>;/ /-+B ¥0%") *6Tb{/­?<c4Ziª®lTb
4¥(]M­~®b Tb0'Ä,;Ö4Hw0Ü'/nÏ®l·31aÂ x. /[26][20]uÞ

4Tb0ÝM-­~®bª*¢Ã1[24]1'Lb01 snapback DM0
Decay and snapback ! Nb3Sn ­~4¦ HL-

®b

ÆÁ

!9G@C
0TB®l ¦Ö<\!,
° uÚ ®¬!:6C7E=

ÝR!®l+)eml

p

?Ó

¥'10M1':6C9G@CeU+Ö%G=4®;A)6;Ï $6Eml 0

decay

.

LHC 11T dipole *¼10 
decay
NbTi ÈPyÖ®¬ y!n0³
4£M PI10[27]

oÙ-TB®l ¥0:6C9Q
6 ¥0 y yt!6 10L
É
10 s

6E8E;ml'0

1. 105 s ×}il;9GC0

6! Boundary-Induced Coupling

Current (BICC)+ Super-Currents g"102BICC¥0ÓyÖ;9GC6

 <\ Tb{/­?<c4Ziª
®lTb4¥  ®lTb nÏ®lG]·Ã01!­~®bef )Ï<ª full penetration Ã/
1-9G@CÓ­~®b ]O I 0ÜFigure 26Ý1 decay DM
0


1

1G;O½+Nw dÂ! contact pressuredÂ'¥ À»j+

2

㸱㸫 17

ISCC  À   ] *  BICC !<7:FI2@9C i¢nP-·
mg&¡+( [12]

4.



4.1. MPZ  MQE

(4-1)£-ÈPy:6C!(Z5 ÈPyÖ®¬ÍÊ ×}Ð¿k¸¿· 87E<VÆ0£pQ`Ìj¦

0!C) ¥ÚJ/ . Py+:X®¬0\Ï´¥107CG
Ü64  Ý  MJ *Ð0,87E< -0:C )E;-~ t10 y87E< Ã024°(¥002ß87E<!JHË0§c )ÈPy+6(GcQ &C

Ï±/ ''Ö4¬0ÈPyÖ®¬:6C!o' )Ö

#GCOn !°g0>}¤+6(~!</ ÓG6B

Î40d¿ 0 :6C }Pyb 3    Ê ° ~ <- 4 È   l d 4 ° 0¤ÓÎ087E<¥£ÜFigure 28Ý ¤~ )E; 1

i ~Ü;$~Ý #GC-55Hw¬Z:6C o00ld(4-1)!ß
Z5 -G6B t F-AD;4Ä% )OI( (
4

q DIG6B <- r </(4-2)

7CG)E; 4¦f-ß
.(

/ .<

½10-!+6(G Ø¥D!
t #  F#< q Z5 q C r C9

(4-1)

/!c4Q¥/ ÈPy9G@C
F!PyÜW/m2/KÝZ5ZÑÜJ/m3/KÝ
3!#GC(W/m )C9 !:X-0Ô

P ! perimeter :X PÐÜW/m2/KÝ0(4-2) )E; a1y }PyÏ w/ ÈPy+6(487E<y °0M  0 y ÓG58B 0
3T( ( U

ÜW/m3Ý0C!#GCOn ¥*
G58B tÜW/m3Ý/ <Ú¥y 6";
9GC -¥Ñ4 Figure 27 £

L!

18

q  <- r </+ 3T( (U 2y
 L!
,

(4-3)

0


31>;/  ÈPy+6( ~<\) *Óe3Ê°~b 4Èld31>;/  ÈPyÖ®¬¥0#GCOn ¥<Ú) *³!(4-1)4kÈPyÖ®¬
4VÆ0) k¯ª°Àx  ³l0ÈPyÖ®¬!


LHC main dipole

outer layer ¦.1

0 Rutherford cableÜTable 3ÝMPZÜ

 2 I Ý       copper matrix

NbTi Rutherford cable -g­1ÈPyÖ®¬:6C1t0㸱㸫 18

RRR1(Residual resistivity ratio)wÂ¤

£9G@C+ ,2 0*¬4 Figure 29 £Öv~!5- ,²0'>}~!ÈB%"GG!2

0Â¤W¬-,²0M 3 0

~ 1.9 K (4-3) ¢ WF Z! Cu
W4¦0®l-05V !L#GCÜ'/º¨Öv~Ý ®l5Va

p ! mm-A mm

02MPZ

GG0 copper matrix
-/Û RRRRRR *5V­~&}'wWt

0M 3 03

31>;/ !,&3$>=2/;09;.-+,6/&+,6/  
2I Â¤ #$$$ ÍÊ~!  41t031>;/ !,&3$>=2/;09;.-+,6/&+,6/  
2I Â¤ "(ÍÊ~! 41t0
MPZ 40d¿|z7CG!

Minimum quench energy (MQE)µg"10Ójf

MPZ w / (4°g1"ß
(791 t - %   %( /A<AQ

'0Figure 29(4-4)

MPZÜRRR=150Ý4*(4-4) .) MQE®l5V 4
Figure 30 £^)0 MPZ- MQE !º¨Ö4- @~0ÖW 
0Â¤ 2I ÆÁ0Mf1Figure 31 ! LHC main dipole

31>;/ 7+38.3:96/
ÜtWÝ) *

388/;-+,6/#

inner cable 4EACt MQE 4


RRR ! NbTi Rutherford cable
293 K 
10 K  É    Ê+
2 NbTi Rutherford cable­Çux ¥mTr|!OÄ 6.2 -f 
1

3

㸱㸫 19

ÉZ ÊIFCC (+¥e- ,"¿
Transverse -K+z´ +(}! |-+(2MQE  Figure 27

×6 .87!

E<±0L¿¥¿M ¹ 0 .

¥0Intrinsic¿M/
W! 10 J/cm3 – 0.1 J/cm3 ilAC loss !
)oU*g"1 IFCC + ISCC µ-0
Eddy current -0¬doU M0 C;®¬A®(~1 T/s)4¿0®¬µJÙ0 0L ÆÁ .!nFlux jump!")%Ep4 m 'ª 0

(4-6)



*AC lossFlux jump
Wire motion!ÈPyÖ®¬:6CÜ+6(ÝL"

M t  ( (M!}PyÏ(< v <- )Ì°0M

_P|
87E<P|Ì~ÜQuench propagation velocityÝg#Figure
29 e9G@CTFÍÊ2Â¤P|
Ì~4 Figure 32 £®l5V
Û®l0&Ì

0

(.1

GG!Am/s 0M 3 0M®JWt -0oU! 0.1 mJ/cm3
GG'¶ÇM



0[29]

0Ý Intrinsic¥¿M0!Wire motion/`Ë0-1!ÈPyÖ®¬

87E<*GE

0L¥¿M*0[29]-1"ÈPy·­ 1 mm2 Ó 1 mm DG*E
_ 4 kN/m

7l

7CG! 40 J(=40 mJ/cm3) at B=10 T /Figure 31 %.3 0-ÊªÛ®lI 0
MQE @~0M 3 0`Ë0-®¬°4Û)0)8

7E<*GE4·  y L87
E<¥¿M!

wire motion1Üª}'Ý

/14¯/È*GE

°4
31>;/ !,&3$>=2/;09;.-+,6/&+,6/  
2I)87E<P|Ì~
4.3. 87E<]aH q-/¦.1

87E<]

87E<y¥0ÖNÜ87E<ÖNÝ

4.2. Quench propagation velocity4]0 0e:6CÞ
10®¬ÜÞ ®¬Ý ld:6C&¢.

(4-1)4,XhOI Ü2
IÝ

0ß
.(

ÖNA4Ó¯Þ :6C&¢ÖNe<Ü)E;ÖNÝ400M> .(q 3 .@ q 
.@ 

L!
3

Inductive ÖN40M  Ohmic 
t

(4-5)

\<\L t rM A<AOÜM!tÝ 4~À ($  ?O )S¨2+>}24K0MM)0M0ßml<-0ÖNHw

087E<]j!L! Figure 33 £-@%LÉ0" :6C87E<ÖN¥0)E;

Ü>,+4+6-/ Ý a10]j!87E<]<
WÜ><1:/;174. Ý - tyÖÜL>+42. Ý4Ãt
1(4t0M

Nb3Sn (h3/C mg!¬ 2B72
M´j,+㸱㸫 20

0 tyÖ+<W4p

4.4. MIITs

1" <¢~

Û 0 ¥£-;$~!55Hw'Í} ÈPyÖ®
¬ Í¦ tyÖ4 10 ms<W4 0.1 VÃt0ld o^ )87E<
¥ .]' yÖÏ1ÜL./</-<276 Ý ¥87E<¥02+¥`P|Àx  ¥`1 . yÖÈPyÖ®¬4VÆÜßÖÎÝ0d¿ 
02 ßMQE OH  Z/ÈPy:6C
409G@C87E< ¥ld

0 87E<VÆ4½0ld yÖe£iÜ;$Ý!#GC-*°gVÆÃÂ49) d¿ 055~ HwJHË Ï±49 J/.

Py:C+:X:Ca4º

2I(4-1)4½ 9G@C
~HwÏ±!ß


5 AL t L A< " 4 AL t L A<

(4-7)

½09G@C Ø¥4-&74¥<0Mß
</

(

T(U

744<K t % 4  L AL t - %(   LT(U A<


(4-8)

MIITsÜc4:MAAs 0! kA2sÝg"10Ñ4y]0  .87E< ¥yÜL t Ý .ÖW /4yÖ¥<0M
L t L/ y ÈPy9G@C ;$~Ü<5+@ Ý4t0M H°031>;/  ÜHÝ)E;4¦87E<]ÜIÝ87E<¥y )E;ÖN
TB]' 1Table 3 £ Rutherford cable (LHC main
dipole outer layer) MIITs {­4 Figure 34 £®l oÙTb ¥0 1!
L Cu ®ml oÙ0Í};$~! 300 K
Practical limit 10

MIITs !nÏ®l- ~±0'Tb030-40¦K¹¥*0M 

0
4.5. 87E<VÆk¸!uÚ87E<¥`!1 . ÌÖÎ40d¿
31>;/  &+,6/&< {­ £  $>=2/;09;. -+,6/

02

ßHL-

LHC D1 ®¬4S°(0ÈPyÖ®¬:
6C¥0ml!ºÎ0yt[0¾×!478 B  0Ü478 :ÍÊÖÝÖW I /=02'yÖ¥ <0744<K t 478[ 0S"ÍÊÖ㸱㸫 21478  13 kA Ãt-D1 ®¬(VÆ-0:6C&¢ÖN JÙ-|pÍÊÖW0 y
744<K t30 Î0)¿10yt!
© 350 ms ¹¥*0M  0

¥ 01
4.5.2. 87E<VÆ!GG4¦VÆÌ+ Î4u087E<
VÆ!GG(QPH) 01!cQRld+nÏml+(d3¦0ld

0:EA4 Figure 36 £®¬ A®
LÉ!?VÆ!GGLÉ4¦f
VÆ!GGLÉ!7CG4´0'E81 /87E<]y!%;6< ÓÜ6%;
;6<4R¦Ý ® 0!GG!yt[ t :%$ /§I 0 C;ªÖ 10:%$ ! QPH ml/!
' E8 ÖZÑ00®
¬!!GG)£i

.87E<P|-:6C9Q }PyÊ° ±6 

31>;/ nÏml4¦ÈPy:6CVÆÜHÝÍ}ÍÊy
ÜIÝ87E<y-´¥7CG4 U0* 0

4.5.1. nÏml4¦VÆ´¥7CG4nÏmlÜ:.=58 Ý-
U0 0ÜFigure 35ÝÈPyÖ®¬
6E8E;6' ÈPy:6C\Ï9# _0ml!º0yt[ t

&


06' t  mH ÜHL-LHC D1 ®¬e
6E8E;Ý8& Â¤ .744<K u30
u0!:.=58 >72 m1"/M 3
01!:.=58 t72 mÎ(-Ö!:.=58ÜVÆ6G=Ý4Í0)ÈPyÖ®¬:6C &¢!ml&¢¥0ÖNe< ÖN(>-724 )
0ÜVÆ
6G=

ÖNa=<!º0ÝÎ  ' Ö ! È P y Ö ® ¬  ! >-724 t
ÖN0M
478 :.=58 V  1 kV Í
3 01!, S!0*Û6E

8E;FÛÖb-ÈPyÖ®¬31>;/  87E<VÆ!GG4¦ÈPy:6CVÆ®¬LÉ!? VÆ!GGLÉ
4¦f87E<] :EE5)
7CG4!GG 7CGT®¬4w0ÜHÝÍ}ÍÊyÜIÝ8
7E<¥y´¥7CG!T` 0)nÏml
1

J¯e!  ·W `Æ*S+©«'[q >DI250GÇkÉ-sX¶aVÊ¦ £s+ {

㸱㸫 22

31>;/ + ®¬&CÜ¦Ü;%A!GG,!GGØ-&C®¬ÞO=¦ C31C+1 Q!GG
QPH !:6CnJg.+(-0

0 QPH ÖN4¥-')' Öy QPH >%$ (~800 V) - 0ß

HL-LHC D1 ®¬!>! Figure 37(a)£i 15 mmD( 25 Xm

SUS "6C

9tÜ !GG;%A Ø
4 Figure 37 (b)£0 1
!GG¤!aª®¬9Q4w
tÖ ! MIITs Â¤ .;$~ 300 K 4È'Mx[30]!#*G$E4¦.ÃÂ4·|«ª! Figure 37 (c)£Þ;%A

zigzag Q4¦0[31]
!GG;G$EÜ ¥0Ï<Ý!
L SUS 0Figure 37 (c) ÃÂ! SUS
Ó! MPZ -/*p  100 mm 0
1! Rutherford cable{/­?<d!QPH 9Q

0QPH& 

 :%$ / t* 


/

(4-9)


Figure 38 HL-LHC D1 ®¬Ü&C®¬ÝÝ2Þytv~ Q 87E<
]yÖ*°g MIITs dÂW ×6
£!' ÖÖN4Tb
 .2Þ4·0 0ÖÖNÜ'/0v~Ý * MIITs !HØ
WOI0'!#*G$E4¦Â¤¬!^¥Ë%®¬ 2Ü6' t
 mH478 =13 kAÝ *A<VÆ 0M
3 0[31]



30)/'Ì. Cu 4*
0* 

mlW4Äs0)

v~(J/cm2)! SUS Ï< 9Ø

㸱㸫 23

4.5.3. CLIQ 4¦VÆ
Nb3Sn ­~4¦ÛÖ-0Û®l®¬ld¿10Îyt Ûms GG
8/QPH !Î Öd3 )  CLIQ Ü Coupling-loss Induced Quench
systemÝg"10u;"[32]HL-LHC31>;/  IÍÖ 0 #" v~ ×6 ! 31203/6. # & 
0

Ô1

low-S@ ®¬ÜMQXFÝ¦10[33]
CLIQ

LÉL4 Figure 40 

£28.2 mF500V

' E846%;6G=4*ÈPy:6C .
z¬087E<4]0
6%;;6<

14-%G=4*

ÈPy:6C10 yRLC LÉ0):6C7!ÆÊÖ`0JÜ~A HzÝ4ÖW Ð$1nÏml QPH 4¦ld:6C
6E8E;\Ï_0ml LR 
LÉ(M  0 y \Ï I:6
CGEÖN_r4 Figure 39 £!Ï<ª!GG B2 
ld  failure caseÂ¤¬4Ë0:6C&¢!nÏÖN=I ¿M )} 0 0HL-LHC D1 ®¬ ldzÖNwÛ400 V at 13 kA 3 0

:6C .Ziª®lTb4¥ ®lTb
- Eddy current (IFCC  ISCC µ) ¿Ã11-0¬doUÜCoupling lossÝÈPy:6C
0QPH

'0++(ld w /!87E<P|Ì~ÜA m/sÝ .10 CLIQ 4R¦0

10 ms OI9Q

MQXF}PyÊ°0[34]

ldÎyt4.

0«ª CLIQ ` QPH *eyR¦VÆÃÂ031>;/  87E<VÆ!GGR¦y :6C\Ï :6CGE ÖNÜÂ¤WÝ
= 
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