IPCC TFI Expert Meeting on Use of Atmospheric Observation Data inEmission Inventories – 5 – 7 September 2022

Airborne Amazon Carbon budget and CH4 emissions

Luciana V. Gatti

Coord. of Greenhouse Gas Laboratory
General Coordination of Earth Science
INPE – National Institute of Space Research

50% Global Tropical Forest~ 120Pg above ground biomass
Amazon river discharge ~20% of
Global fresh water input to ocean~20% Global biodiversity

7.25 x 106 km2

CO2, CH4, N2O and COFlux from Column Budget Technique

Miller et al, 2007 (CH4)
Gatti et al, 2010 (CO2)
Gatti et al, 2014 (CO2)
Basso et al, 2016 (CH4)
Gatti et al, 2021 (CO2)
Basso et al, 2021 (CH4)
Gatti et al, 2022 (CO2 submitted)

16% deforested
0.03 ± 0.02 gC m-2d-1

17% deforested
0.05 ± 0.02 gC m-2d-1

0.41 ± 0.06 gC m-2d-1

28% deforested
0.32 ± 0.02 gC m-2d-1

TAB_TEF

Total C Flux: 0.03 ± 0.02 gC.m-2.day-1
Fire C Flux: 0.08 ± 0.004 gC.m-2.day-1
NBE C Flux: -0.06 ± 0.02 gC.m-2.day-1

SAN Total C Flux: 0.41 ± 0.06 gC.m-2.day-1
Fire C Flux: 0.53 ± 0.01 gC.m-2.day-1
NBE C Flux: -0.13 ± 0.06 gC.m-2.day-1

16% deforested

RBA

Total C Flux: 0.05 ± 0.02 gC.m-2.day-1
Fire C Flux: 0.14 ± 0.01 gC.m-2.day-1
NBE C Flux: -0.10 ± 0.02 gC.m-2.day-1

17% deforested

37% deforested

ALF

Total C Flux: 0.32 ± 0.02 gC.m-2.day-1
Fire C Flux: 0.20 ± 0.01 gC.m-2.day-1
NBE C Flux: +0.11 ± 0.02 gC.m-2.day-1

29% deforested

AMAZON MEAN TEMPERATURE 0.8 ± 0.2 ˚Chttps://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/reanalysis-era5-single-levelsmonthly-means?tab=form
Amazon 7.25 x 106 km2

 1.4 ± 0.2 ˚C 1.0 ± 0.1 ˚C

AMAZON MEAN PRECIPITATION

 44 ± 34 mm

17% deforest until dez 2018
No significant change 64 ± 19 mm

https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/gpcp-monthly-globalprecipitation-climatology-project Precipitation ASO

37% deforested
16% deforested

17% deforested

28% deforested Temperature ASO
 1.9 ± 0.2 ˚C 1.6 ± 0.2 ˚C
16% deforested
37% deforested

 2.5 ± 0.3 ˚C 1.7 ± 0.2 ˚C

17% deforested

28% deforested

New results

NBE x T & GRACE r: 0.88

Temperature and water in the soil have a significant impact
 3.1 ± 0.3 ˚C 1.5 ± 0.1 ˚C 0.9 ± 0.3 ˚C 2.5 ± .3 ˚C↑ 7 times

AerialRiver

Input of water vapor
from the Atlantic
Ocean

Aerial RiverMixing~8 kmTransport ofmoisture to theLa Plata Basin

ET50 m

EvapoTranspiration represents 35 – 40% of water recicle

Science Panel for the Amazon (SPA) WG3 / CHAPTER 7 - Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions
Lead Authors: Marcos H. Costa & Luciana V. Gatti

11% deforested 27% deforested

40%

201958%

202069%2019-%

202017%

2010-18

Amazon annual mean emission 2010-2018 (TgCH4 y-1)
8% of global total emissions

FCH4: 46,2 ± 10,3
FNON-FIRE_CH4: 38,8 ± 10,7

23% of global wetland emissions

FWET_CH4: 33,8 ± 7,6

45% of biomass burning global emissions

FFIRE_CH4: 7,7 ± 1,6• Non-fire sources – mainly wetlands - dominate emissions (biomass burning contribution~17%)(Basso dataet al.
• No significant emission trend over the period from 2010-2018 based on vertical profile2021)

Comparison of magnitude and seasonality of fluxes• northwest-central region: nearly a-seasonal consistent with weak precipitation seasonality• southern regions: strongly seasonal synchronously with equivalent water thickness• northeast region: double-peak emissions - causes unclear• Distinct east-west contrast with an emission peak in the northeast• cause not fully understood(Basso et al.
2021)

Comparison with wetland model predictions

For Amazon area (7.2 millions km2)
-annual WetCharts wetland emissions:39.4±10.3 TgCH4 y-1-our data-based approach
33.8±12.7 TgCH4 y-1• Our wetland estimates were similar to fluxes from the WetCharts wetland model ensemble:• except for the SAN region:• WetCharts does show substantial emissions , but still just 40% of our estimates;(Basso et al.
2021)

N2O emissions in TgN2O year-1

EPA, 2010(Global)Davidson &INPE(Amazon)
Kanter, 2014
Average(Global)%Total

18,818,92,4313%

Natural12,110,1

1,95 (BIO)

16 a 30%

Anthropic6,78,80,47 (FIRE)

7 a 15%

In 2016, Brazilian emissions were 873,272 Gg CO2; 19,333.2 Gg CH4, and 586.09 Gg N2O, which represented 59.5%, 27.7%, and12.4% of the total Inventory in CO2e. Between 2010 and 2016, total CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions increased by 30.3%, 3.8%, and10.7%, respectively.

IV National Communication from Brazil - Inventory (2010-2016)

LULUCF

60%

EnergyAgriculture

47%

13%

Conclusions- The Amazon was and could continue to be our Climate Protection- Carbon Sink
- Produce precipitation- Reduce temperature- Deforesting the Amazon it becomes an acceleration of climate change- Carbon Source- Reduce dry season precipitation and and makes it longer- Increase temperatureThank you

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