䈖䈉䈋䈇䊐䉤䊷䊤䊛╙ 㪈㪈 ภ㩷 㪆㩷㪉㪇㪇㪊㪅㪈㩷

Integration of GIS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Master
Plan Study on Integrated Agricultural Development in Lao PDR䊤䉥䉴ో࿖✚วㄘᬺ㐿⊒⸘↹⺞ᩏ䈮䈍䈔䉎 GIS 䈫ᄙᄌ㊂⸃ᨆᚻᴺ䈱⛔ว䈮㑐䈜䉎੐଀⚫੺⍹Ⴆ㩷 ⌀䋪䊶ਅ᪯ືᚑ䋪䋪䊶ᄢႦᕺ຦䋪䊶ⷺ㩷 ᐘᐽ䋪䋪䋪
Makoto ISHIZUKA, Tetsunari GEJO, Shigeya OOTSUKA and Yukiyasu SUMI䊤䉥䉴ో࿖✚วㄘᬺ㐿⊒⸘↹⺞ᩏ䈮䈍䈇䈩䇮╩⠪䉌䈲 GIS䋨࿾ℂᖱႎ䉲䉴䊁䊛䋩䈫ᄙᄌ㊂⸃ᨆ䋨ਥᚑಽಽᨆ
䈍䉋䈶䉪䊤䉴䉺䊷ಽᨆ䋩䉕⚵䉂ว䉒䈞䈢ᗧᔒ᳿ቯ䈱䈢䉄䈱↹ᦼ⊛䈭⸃ᨆᚻᴺ䉕⏕┙䈚䈢䇯ᧄᚻᴺ䈱䉫䊦䊷䊏䊮䉫䈮䉋䉍ో࿖ 141 䈱࿾ၞ䉕⑼ቇ⊛䇮ቴⷰ⊛䈮 10 䈱䉫䊦䊷䊒䈮ಽഀ䈚䇮ฦ䉫䊦䊷䊒䈱ㄘᬺ䈱⃻ᴫ䇮㐿⊒㒖ኂⷐ࿃䇮㐿⊒ଦㅴ㊀ὐಽ㊁䉕․ቯ䈚䈢䇯䈖䉏䈮䉋䉍䇮㐿⊒ଦㅴ㊀ὐಽ㊁䈮ੱ᧚䈍䉋䈶⾗㊄䉕㓸ਛ㈩ಽ䈚䇮ኻ⽎࿾ၞ䉕㒢ቯ䈚䈢ല₸⊛䈭㐿⊒ᚢ⇛䈱╷ቯ䈏น⢻䈫䈭䉎䇯ᧄᚻᴺ䈲䇮䉶䉪䉺䊷䊶䉝䊒䊨䊷䉼䈮ኻᔕ䈚䈢䊉䉡䊊䉡䈪䈅䉍䇮ㄘᬺ㐿⊒⸘↹䈣䈔䈪䈭䈒䇮䈘䉁䈙䉁䈭ಽ㊁䈱ᚢᚢ⇛⊛㐿⊒⸘↹╷ቯ䈻䈱ᔕ↪ᕈ䈏㜞䈇䇯䉁䈢䇮GIS ᛛⴚ䉇 IT ᛛⴚ䈏ᄙ↪䈘䉏䉎ਛ䈪䇮GIS 䈱ᧄ᧪䈱ᵴ↪ᴺ䈲ⓨ㑆⸃ᨆ䉅䈘䉎䈖䈫䈭䈏䉌䇮䈠䈱䊂䊷䉺䊶䊔䊷䉴䈫䈚䈩䈱ᯏ⢻䈍䉋䈶ᵴ↪ᴺ䈮䈅䉎䈖䈫䈮⌕⋡䈚䇮ၮ␆ᛛⴚ䈫䈚䈩䈱 GIS 䉕ᗧᔒ᳿ቯ䈱ᵹ䉏䈮⚵䉂౉䉏䈢䇯䈖䈱䈖䈫䈲䇮䊤䉥䉴ㄘᨋ⋭䈱䉂䈪䈭䈒ઁ࿖េഥᯏ㑐䈎䉌䉅ᵈ⋡䈘䉏䉎䈖䈫䈫䈭䈦䈢䇯ODA 䈲䇸ല₸ൻ䇹䈫䇸ㅘ᣿ᕈ䇹䉕㊀ⷞ䈜䉎⺑᣿⽿છ䇹䉕ឭേะ䈮䈅䉍䇮ቴⷰ⊛䊶⑼ቇ⊛ᩮ᜚䈮ၮ䈨䈇䈢⸘↹╷ቯ䈮䉋䉍䇮㘈ቴ䈠䈚䈩ⵍេഥ࿖䈮ኻ䈚䈩䇸⺑␜䈪䈐䉎䈖䈫䈲䇮ᒰ␠䈱ᒝ䉂䈮䈭䉎䇯㩷 㩷 Key Words :strategic planning, accountability, quantitative criteria, geographic information
system (GIS), multivariate analysis, principal components analysis, cluster
analysis㪈㪅㩷㩷㪠㪥㪫㪩㪦㪛㪬㪚㪫㪠㪦㪥㩷㪘㪥㪛㩷㪦㪙㪡㪜㪚㪫㪠㪭㪜㪪㩷The innovative analysis technique using GIS andmultivariate analysis was applied to the identification of
the agricultural conditions in each district of Lao PDR andthe formulation of Master Plan of Integrated Agricultural
Development in Lao PDR financed by Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA).
It is intended to use the results of analysis as strategic
development planning to make realistic and area-specificprojects/programs based on the scientific methodology
applied here, and then to promote the accountability.
The effectiveness of GIS was optimized by the
combination of GIS and statistical analysis, which
integrates agricultural, social, topographical, and naturalenvironmental data. It should be pointed out that GIS is
not an isolated technology but a part of an integrated
methodology of analysis.

───────────────────────────㧖   ࿖㓙੐ᬺᧄㇱ ㄘᬺ㐿⊒ㇱ㧖㧖  ࿖㓙੐ᬺᧄㇱ 㐿⊒⸘↹ㇱ㧖㧖㧖 ࿖㓙੐ᬺᧄㇱ ᖱႎ࡮ຠ⾰▤ℂቶ㪉㪅㩷㩷㪤㪜㪫㪟㪦㪛㪦㪣㪦㪞㪰㩷䋨㪈䋩㩷 㪠㪥㪫㪜㪞㪩㪘㪫㪠㪦㪥㩷㪦㪝㩷㪞㪠㪪㩷㪘㪥㪛㩷㪪㪫㪘㪫㪠㪪㪫㪠㪚㪘㪣㩷㪘㪥㪘㪣㪰㪪㪠㪪㩷GIS derives digital data sets from an existing databaseand adds meaningful information to the integrated
analysis. On the other hand, the statistical analysis makes
readable and decipherable an immense amount of data sets
(in this project about 20,000 data were used), which are
difficult to understand at a glance.
The advantage of this scientific methodology derives
from the fact that a strategic planning process, whichmakes decisions made by planners and bureaucrats
accountable to the public to explain the reasoning of theirpolicies.
䋨㪉䋩㩷 㪝㪣㪦㪮㩷㪦㪝㩷㪘㪥㪘㪣㪰㪪㪠㪪㩷The flow of analysis is shown in (KIWTG .

Firstly,

existing agriculture census 1998/99 and population census
1995 data and GIS data (polygon, polyline and grid data)werecollected

in

Lao

PDR.

The

compilationof

topographical data was conducted using ESRI ArcView㪏㪈㩷㩷㪠㫅㫋㪼㪾㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㪞㪠㪪㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪤㫌㫃㫋㫀㫍㪸㫉㫀㪸㫋㪼㩷㪪㫋㪸㫋㫀㫊㫋㫀㪺㪸㫃㩷㪘㫅㪸㫃㫐㫊㫀㫊㩷㫀㫅㩷㪤㪸㫊㫋㪼㫉㩷㪧㫃㪸㫅㩷㪪㫋㫌㪻㫐㩷㫆㫅㩷㪠㫅㫋㪼㪾㫉㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷㪘㪾㫉㫀㪺㫌㫃㫋㫌㫉㪸㫃㩷㪛㪼㫍㪼㫃㫆㫇㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫀㫅㩷㪣㪸㫆㩷㪧㪛㪩㩷!

PC analysis.

㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷㪈㪅㩷 㪝㫃㫆㫎㩷㪚㪿㪸㫉㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪘㫅㪸㫃㫐㫊㫀㫊㩷䋨㪋䋩㩷 㪚㪣㪬㪪㪫㪜㪩㩷㪘㪥㪘㪣㪰㪪㪠㪪㩷㪘㪥㪛㩷㪞㪩㪦㪬㪧㪠㪥㪞㩷!

After the identification of the main PC, the cluster

GIS and census data compilation

analysis was applied to the grouping of the 141 districts.

PC analysis!
!

The cluster analysis is a multivariate analysis technique

Cluster analysis and groupingthat seeks to organize information about variables so that

Identification of characteristics

The

relatively homogeneous groups, or "clusters" are formed.
groupsisdeterminedthroughameaningful division of districts in terms of agricultural
conditions (in this analysis).

Target clarification

㩷 Several experienced Japanese and Lao experts with fullunderstanding on the actual agricultural conditions in Lao

Planning of strategic policies!

oftrial-and-error process which finally comes up with theFinding constraints!

number

PDR were assigned to this project and carried out GIS andSpatial Analyst.

statistical analyses. For successful applications of thisAfter the data compilation, principal components (PC)!

analysis was carried out. PC analysis derives a number ofmethodology, experienced experts should verify the resultsof GIS and statistical analyses.

PC (five of which were extracted in this project) which!

!

mainly describe the present conditions of agriculture in Lao㪊㪅㩷㩷㪛㪘㪫㪘㩷㪬㪪㪜㪛㩷
Data used in this project are shown in the following

PDR.

!Then, all the 141 districts were classified into 10 groups

table:

technique of cluster analysis.

Data Typebased upon the result of PC analysis by applying a!Finally, through the statistical analyses the presentcharacteristics of each group are identified in terms ofvarious aspects of agricultural conditions and constraints.

!

With the findings of the constraints, then, the targets of㪫㪸㪹㫃㪼㩷㪈㪅㩷 㪭㪸㫉㫀㪸㪹㫃㪼㫊㩷㪚㫆㫄㫇㫀㫃㪼㪻㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪬㫊㪼㪻㩷

District level
digitaldata
from 1998/99
agriculture
census!

!PC analysis is a statistical technique applied to pluralsets of variables to discover similarities and positioning of
the variables. This technique involves a mathematicalcorrelatedtransforms

variables

into

a
a

numberof(smaller)

District level
digital
data
from
1995
population
census(possibly)

numberofmakingprocess

becomesmoreaccountable.
Since the possible number of PC should be the total
number of variables (in this analysis 141) minus 1

Database
file

Natural Data (GIS)
Topographical data
Elevation andslope

according to the principle of PC analysis, about 140

Forest covervariables were selected as meaningful data to be applied toAdministrative boundary㪏㪉㩷i Population densityi Percent distribution of population by sexi Urban and rural populationi Percent distribution by place of birthi Household size by urban and rurali Population by education level and literacy
occupational classification andunemployment ratei Children born and deceased personsi Electricity and domestic water supply
conditions and availabilityi Others

information is abstracted from an immense amount of data
decision

Database
file

rate

components. In other words, meaningful and independentandparcels, land use and land tenure conditionsi Cropping pattern and major crops cultivatedi Purpose of productioni Use of production inputsi Average number of livestock raised bylivestock typei Number of holdings with aquaculturei Othersi Economically active population byuncorrelated (independent) variables called principal

sets,i Average area of holding and number ofSocial Data (250 data sets)䋨㪊䋩㩷 㪧㪩㪠㪥㪚㪠㪧㪘㪣㩷㪚㪦㪤㪧㪦㪥㪜㪥㪫㪪㩷㩿㪧㪚㪀㩷㪘㪥㪘㪣㪰㪪㪠㪪㩷that

Data Format

Agricultural Data (950 data sets)

development in each group were clarified.

procedure

Description of Datai Roads in 4 classificationsi Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of 50 and
250 m grid datai Slope of 50 and 250 m grid datai Forest cover in 1997 of 50 and 250 m grid

data in all Lao PDRi District boundary containing 141 districtsi Provincial boundary containing 18 provinces

Polyline
data
Grid data(Figure 2)
Grid data(Figure 3)
Polygondataこうえいフォーラム第 11 号 / 2003.1

Existing

GIS

data

was

obtainedfrom

National

Agriculture and Forest Research Institute (NAFRI) which

4. RESULTS（1） DERIVED PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS

conducted the GIS project in cooperation with the MekongCommittee to derive Digital Elevation Model (DEM) andother essential data for the analysis (Figures 2 and 3).

As a result of GIS and statistical analyses, 5 sets ofprincipal components were identified as follows:① Transitional farming: indicates a degree offarmingsystemintransition

fromtraditional to modernized agriculture② Market orientation: designates a degree of
how much farm products are targeted forsale in the market
Water

③

degreeresource
toindicates

utilization:

which

water

resourcesaareutilized for agricultural production④ Farmdesignates

intensity:

which

farm

resourcesadegreetoutilizedforindicates

the

are

output of agricultural products⑤ Degreeofdiversification:

extent of diversification in cropping andlivestock farming（2） GROUPING OF DISTRICTS
All the 141 districts were classified into 10 groups by thecluster analysis in accordance with the 5 principal
components of each district. Table 2 shows the combinationof 5 principal component scores that quantitatively clarify
Figure 2.

Digital Elevation Model (DEM), NAFRI

the present agro- and socio-economic conditions ofrespective groups, and the result of grouping is presented
in Figure 4.

1)

Figure 3.

-0.87
-0.41
0.72
1.26
1.51
-0.45
2.32
-1.00
-0.14
-0.48
-

0.20
0.07
-0.80
-1.33
0.33
-0.06
3.44
-0.33
0.18
3.58
-

-0.45
0.92
-0.33
-0.69
0.56
0.03
0.32
-1.55
0.96
-6.56
-

0.39
-0.09
-1.05
0.32
1.25
-1.64
-0.10
2.78
1.16
-2.53
-

Degree ofDiversification

Farm Intensity

Water
Resource
Utilization

41
38
19
14
10
9
5
2
2
1
141

MarketOrientation

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
TOTAL

Transitional
Farming

Group
ID

Number ofDistricts

Table 2. PC Scores of Each Group

0.54
-0.70
-0.01
0.03
0.03
0.97
1.19
0.55
-3.17
-5.63
-

The maximum and minimum scores are bolded for comparison.

Forest Cover (1997), NAFRI(ID numbers represent the classifications of forest cover.)83

Integration of GIS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Master Plan Study on Integrated Agricultural Development in Lao PDR

In the figure, high potential areas are spread along the
Mekong River, while the highland areas have lesspotential.

5. AREA-BASED AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL
DEVELOPMENT
Taking all the results of assessments as presented above,
the Lao PDR was largely divided into four agriculturaldevelopment areas: i) Northern Upland and Highland
Areas; ii) Vientiane Plain; iii) Central and Southern Areas;
and iv) Boloven Plateau, as tabulated below. The northern
upland and highland areas and central and southern areas
have some sub-areas. The above classification is shown in
Table 3.
Table 3. Area Classification and Related Groups
Area Classification

Sub-area Classification

Related Groupsi) Northern

Lowland Paddy Areas2, 8 and 9

Upland andSparsely Populated

1, 2 and 6

Highland Areas

Remote Areas

Figure 4. Grouping of Districts

1, 2 and 9
1 and 8above three areas（3） ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL
In addition to the principal component analysis, theBorderland Areas
Areas other than theii)

5 and 7

Vientiane Plainiii) Central andCentral and Southern

agriculture potential was assessed to clarify the availability

Southern

Mekong Corridorof potentially new agricultural land. The data used for thisAreas

Central and Southern

ordinance (UXO). Figure 5 shows the result of the potential
analysis for rice.

1 and 6

Upland and Highland

analysis were based on forest cover and land use, soil,
climatic condition, topographic condition, and unexploded

3 and 4

Areasiv) Boloven Plateau

10

For example, the characteristics of Northern Upland andHighland Areas which include Group 1, and Vientiane
Plain that embraces Group 5, are summarized in Table 4.
The difference between the two groups is huge in terms of
their agricultural settings.
Principal components consistently tell the conditions ofagriculture of each group. As shown in the radar charts(Figure 6), the districts of Group 1 indicate low degree interms of transition of farming. In fact, shifting cultivation
is practiced on sloping land in these districts. A criticaltarget for Group 1, then, should be to prevent expansion ofshifting cultivation.
On the other hand, the district of Group 5 is generally
located in the vicinity of the capital city Vientiane, where
the paddy field cultivation is actively practiced. These
districts have roads to access the market as well as
relatively developed irrigation facilities. Farm intensity,
however, shows low result because the floods occurred in

Figure 5. Potential for Rice84

rainy season in this area prevent intensification of farm land.

䈖䈉䈋䈇䊐䉤䊷䊤䊛╙ 㪈㪈 ภ㩷 㪆㩷㪉㪇㪇㪊㪅㪈㩷㪫㪸㪹㫃㪼㩷㪌㪅㩷 㪚㫆㫅㫊㫋㫉㪸㫀㫅㫋㫊㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪫㪸㫉㪾㪼㫋㫊㩷㪠㪻㪼㫅㫋㫀㪽㫀㪼㪻㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㪞㫉㫆㫌㫇㫊㩷㪈㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪌㩷Group 1Degree ofDiversification

Transitional Farming
4.0
2.0
0.0
-2.0

MarketOrientation

Water Resource
Utilization

Farm Intensity

Group 1-4.0Group 5
Transitional Farming

Degree ofDiversification

Farm Intensity

MarketOrientation

Water Resource
Utilization㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㪝㫀㪾㫌㫉㪼㩷㪍㪅㩷 㪜㫏㪸㫄㫇㫃㪼㫊㩷㫆㪽㩷㪩㪸㪻㪸㫉㩷㪚㪿㪸㫉㫋㫊㩷㪫㪸㪹㫃㪼㩷㪋㪅㩷 㪛㪼㫊㪺㫉㫀㫇㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㪘㪾㫉㫀㪺㫌㫃㫋㫌㫉㪸㫃㩷㪪㪼㫋㫋㫀㫅㪾㫊㩷㫀㫅㩷㪞㫉㫆㫌㫇㫊㩷㪈㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪌㩷Group 5

Group 1

Principal Components
Components
Evaluation
Transitional Very
Farming
Low
MarketOrientation

Mid. toHigh

Water
Resource
Utilization
Farm
Intensity

Low

Degree ofDiversification

Mid. toHigh

Mid. toLow

Transitional
Farming

High

MarketOrientation
Water
Resource
Utilization
Farm
Intensity

High

Degree ofDiversifica-t
ion

Mid.

High
Low

Group 5

3.0
1.5
0.0
-1.5
-3.0

Find Constraints

Clarify Targets(1) Domination ofunsustainable shifting
cultivation which is a cause offorest cover reduction, soil
erosion, etc.
(2) Food crops are
insufficiently produced.
(3) Productivity of non-paddy
crops is low, although they areimportant for cash income
source.
(4) Production andmarketing infrastructure ispoorly developed.
(5) Degree of market
orientation is still at mid. level.
(1) Expansion of market
oriented crops is getting
difficult due to small
domestic market.
(2) Quality of crops is still
at a low level for export.
(3) Paddy productivity is
still at a low level.
(4) Flood damages are
considerable in the easternpart of Vientiane
municipality, although thelargest market is close by.

(1) To prevent expansion ofshifting cultivation.
(2) To develop adequate
production systems forsustainable use of upland.
(3) To promote production of
cash crops to increase farmers’
income both in upland andlowland areas.
(4) To provide production andmarketing infrastructure.
(5) To improve productivity oflowland paddy.

Describe Characteristics(1) To develop and introduce
proper cropping pattern andproduction technologies so
as to produce value-added
crops throughout the year.
(2) To improve quality of
products so as to increase
their competitiveness.
(3) To assist farmers inmarketing development.
(4) To improve productivityof paddy by increasing
inputs taking benefit/cost
into account.
(5) Flood mitigation
measures are thus needed.

࡮ Shifting cultivation is

widely practiced on sloping
land for production of upland
paddy.
࡮ In order to supplement alower productivity, non-paddy
products (including livestockand home manufacturing
products) are produced andmarketed to a certain extent.
࡮ Expansion of irrigation area
mainly for lowland paddy
production is at low level.
࡮ Resource management ispoor and depletion is high.
࡮ Farming intensity is at mid.
to low level, anddiversification is at mid. tohigh level.

࡮ Located near the capital city,

Vientiane, and production ofmarket oriented crops isconsiderably high.
࡮ Irrigation system is relatively
developed and supports crops
diversification. However,farm intensity is relatively low.
࡮ Floods occur frequently inthe wet season along the
Namgum River due to its
topographic condition.

䋨㪈䋩㩷 㪥㪦㪩㪫㪟㪜㪩㪥㩷㪬㪧㪣㪘㪥㪛㩷㪘㪥㪛㩷㪟㪠㪞㪟㪣㪘㪥㪛㩷㪘㪩㪜㪘㪪㩷㩷㩷㪈㪀㩷 㪦㫍㪼㫉㪸㫃㫃㩷㪛㫀㫉㪼㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷
Shifting cultivation, having a considerable negative
impact on the land and forest, is widely practiced in thisarea. Accordingly, taking measures to stabilize shifting
cultivation is seen as critical for agricultural development.
Among others, fundamental measures to be taken for
shifting cultivation stabilization include the development ofalternative production systems through strengthening
research efforts and the dissemination of such systems tofarmers by reinforcing extension services. Another measure
is to provide an adequate rural road network in shifting
cultivation areas. This would improve accessibility andincrease the sale of agricultural products. These measuresrequire considerable investment over a long time period.
Therefore, other measures are necessary in the short term,e.g., strengthening livestock sub-sector with intensive
animalhealthcare

services,

promoting

feed

crop

production and providing micro-finance to support the
procurement of farmers’ production inputs.

㪏㪌㩷㪠㫅㫋㪼㪾㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㪞㪠㪪㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪤㫌㫃㫋㫀㫍㪸㫉㫀㪸㫋㪼㩷㪪㫋㪸㫋㫀㫊㫋㫀㪺㪸㫃㩷㪘㫅㪸㫃㫐㫊㫀㫊㩷㫀㫅㩷㪤㪸㫊㫋㪼㫉㩷㪧㫃㪸㫅㩷㪪㫋㫌㪻㫐㩷㫆㫅㩷㪠㫅㫋㪼㪾㫉㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷㪘㪾㫉㫀㪺㫌㫃㫋㫌㫉㪸㫃㩷㪛㪼㫍㪼㫃㫆㫇㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫀㫅㩷㪣㪸㫆㩷㪧㪛㪩㩷㩷㩷㪉㪀㩷 㪣㫆㫎㫃㪸㫅㪻㩷㪧㪸㪻㪻㫐㩷㪘㫉㪼㪸㫊㩷㫀㫅㩷㪥㫆㫉㫋㪿㪼㫉㫅㩷㪬㫇㫃㪸㫅㪻㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪟㫀㪾㪿㫃㪸㫅㪻㩷㪘㫉㪼㪸㫊㩷measures in the mid- to long-term are thus needed.

Lowland paddy areas are developed mainly in valley

Consequently, it is proposed to study flood mitigation

bottoms. Paddy production, together with upland paddy,

measures with considering technical and economic aspects.

plays an important role in food security. Basically, theOn the other hand, measures for strengthening vegetableproposed directions for agricultural development for thisproduction in non-flood areas should be taken, They would

area would be same as those for the Central and Southern

include the introduction of new vegetable crops and

Lowland Areas of Vientiane Plain, e.g. the distribution ofvarieties, development of low cost cultivation technique

improved seed, improvement of cultivation techniques,

andrehabilitation or improvement of existing irrigation

technologies for all year round crop production. Researchsystems and its effective management. In addition, it isshould be strengthened to develop technologies covering

proposed to take measures to further promote fishculture

the above fields. At the same time, a market study and athat would improve farmers’ nutrition and diversify theirmarket information supply system are needed in this zone.

income sources.

Lowland paddy production is also practiced in this area,

qualitycontrol

technologies

andappropriate

particularly in the suburbs of Vientiane municipality. The
㩷㩷㪊㪀㩷 㪪㫇㪸㫉㫊㪼㫃㫐㩷㪧㫆㫇㫌㫃㪸㫋㪼㪻㩷㪩㪼㫄㫆㫋㪼㩷㪘㫉㪼㪸㫊㩷
There are many districts/villages in remote rural areasin which the development of rural infrastructure is usuallydifficult due to the low economic potential. It is, therefore,

proposed direction for its development is to strengthen
paddy production through the distribution of improved
seed, improvement of plant management technology andeffective use of existing irrigation systems.

proposed to develop such areas through the pocket
development approach. This approach will create growth
points in remote areas by concentrating the investment fordeveloping rural infrastructure and other services. In the
proposed approach, greater attention is paid to the poverty
alleviation.

㩷㩷㪋㪀㩷 㪙㫆㫉㪻㪼㫉㫃㪸㫅㪻㩷㪘㫉㪼㪸㫊㩷The result of grouping reveals that two districts have ahigh degree of market orientation. This is mainly becauseof commercial cotton production grown for the Thai
market. Because of its geographical advantage, it is judgedthat borderland areas have a high potential for commercial
production for export to neighboring countries. It is,therefore, proposed to conduct a market study in order todetermine promising export products. Moreover, private
sector investment in agro-processing has to be promoted inparallel. In this context, market information has to besupplied to both producers and traders. This is an
important step to attract commercial production andprivate sector investment. An efficient system of making
such market information available is thus needed.
䋨㪉䋩㩷 㪭㪠㪜㪥㪫㪠㪘㪥㪜㩷㪧㪣㪘㪠㪥㩷
Flooding is one of the largest constraints in this area.
Wet season agricultural production is difficult, although
the largest market is close by. Some flood mitigation㪏㪍㩷㪍㪅㩷㪚㪦㪥㪚㪣㪬㪪㪠㪦㪥㩷
Through this methodology, strategic development policies
can be derived, which is to efficiently and effectively
concentrate limited human and financial resources on a
specific target and in a specific area (through grouping) totackle poverty and to promote agricultural production.
Since the sector approach has been getting more andmore important in the arena of international development,
the methodology integrating GIS and statistical analyses ispotential for planning and policy making processes.
As a result of the workshop for the study, governmentalorganizations, donors, NGOs in Lao PDR expressed theirkeen interest, and some of them consequently visited thestudy team office to request additional information. In
addition, the Laotian government staff requested a seriesof lectures on this methodology and analysis process.
These showed the methodology applied here was
epoch-making, and the result obtained was persuasive toformulate agricultural development plan in Lao PDR.
The effectiveness of integrated application of GIS andstatistical analysis was realized through the course of thestudy. However the followings should be emphasized asremarks.
·

The quality of original data is the utmost
important. In other words, the quality of thismethodology heavily relies on the reliability oforiginal data sets. The availability of data䈖䈉䈋䈇䊐䉤䊷䊤䊛╙ 㪈㪈 ภ㩷 㪆㩷㪉㪇㪇㪊㪅㪈㩷shouldbe

adoption

carefullyof

thisconfirmed

method.

beforetheTherefore,

theimportance of both data collection and data
selection cannot be overemphasized.
·

Principal component analysis provides us with
only

principal

interpretation
components

component

scores.

The

andnamingofprincipal

derivedthroughtheanalysisshould be carried out by each expert. In thisregard, the expert, if possible, plural number ofexperts who are familiar with the target
country or area, should participate in the
study.
·The influential data and the result of theanalysis should be, to some extent, predictedprior to the analysis, that will facilitate thecollection of data and analysis. In this study,
the data on flooding was not utilized at first,
which caused some difficulty in interpretationof statistical analysis.

REFERENCES
1)⩲᳃㇢䋺ᄙᄌ㊂⸃ᨆ䈱ታ〣䇮⃻ઍᢙቇ␠ pp.128-160䇮1993 ᐕ

2)Kendall, M: Multivariate Analysis, Charles Griffin &Company LTD, London, Second Edition. 19803)࿖㓙දജ੐ᬺ࿅䋺䊤䉥䉴࿖✚วㄘᬺ㐿⊒⸘↹⺞ᩏਥႎ๔ᦠ䇮2001ᐕ㪏㪎㩷