The 14th Symposium on Accelerator Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan, November 2003

THE MEXT 21ST CENTURY COE PROGRAM BASED ON PORTABLESYNCROTRONS NAMED MIRRORCLE
Hironari Yamada
The Synchrotron Light Life Science Centre, Ritsumeikan University
1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu-City, Shiga 525-8577, JapanAbstract
The Synchrotron Light Life Science Centre ofRitsumeikan University seeks the next generation life
science beyond genomics and proteomics by the uniqueportablesynchrotrons
namedMIRROCLE.
MIRRORCLE-6X generates brilliant hard x-rays in spiteof its 6-MeV electron energy. The power of IR/FIR beamfrom MIRRORCLE-20 is much higher than any
synchrotrons by its unique mirror system introduced tocollect the synchrotron light from whole arc of theelectron orbit. Unique applications are also described

will find specific wavelength, which heat up cancer tumor
selectively, or resolve cholesterol. If these wavelengths
are not absorbed by the skin or water, we may open up
new medical treatment opportunity

OWERVIEW OF THE COE PROGRAM
The Synchrotron Light Life Science Centre granted bythe MEXT 21st Century COE Program [1] seeks uniqueLife Science. The overview and the target of our projectare drawn in Fig.1. We study the dynamics andbehaviours of the living specimens in each level such asprotein, cell, organ, etc. by developing new research
instruments based on portable synchrotrons.
Yamada and collaborators have succeeded indeveloping two tabletop synchrotron light sources having
15 cm orbit radius for brilliant IR radiation named
MIRRORCLE-20 [2,3] as seen in Fig. 2(a) and for hard
x-ray productions, named MIRRORCLE-6X [4] as seenin Fig. 2(b). MIRRORCLE20 provides the IR rays muchbrighter than any other SR sources. The IR radiation fromthe entire electron orbit of exact circular is collected,
which reaches 10W/mm2 in average. The IR synchrotron
light spectrum is cantered at 10 µm wavelength andcovers from few to 100 µm.
The unique beam line is the dispersive type IR
irradiation system. We are able to place specimens along
15 cm long focal plane, where one to 0.5 % band
monochromatic IR-rays are available through 30 of 1mm
slits by using a grating monochrometer. The powerful
CW white beam of SR is in some extent more usefulcompared with the monochromatic pulse beam of freeelectron laser. Detection of IR rays is another task, but
we are able to detect chemical products due to the specificwavelength IR irradiation onto the specific proteins or
DNA in water. We will find switches, which trigger theprotein’s functions [5].
Changes in the characteristics of water by the specific
IR irradiation are one of the important research subjects tounderstand the meaning of heat in human body.
Scanning micro FT-IR will be another beam line to beprepared in the next stage. Behaviours of cells will be
studied under IR or FIR irradiation in few µm spot.
Characteristics of cancer tumour or cholesterol underIR-rays irradiation are another subject to be studied. WeFigure 1: Top column shows the destination of the project.
The second column describes proper targets of the project.
The third column is devoted for specific beam lines to beprepared. The bottom line indicates unique synchrotron
light sources dedicated for IR, soft x-ray, and hard x-ray.

IR/FIR project by MIRRORCLE-20
MIRRORCLE-20, which has 15cm orbit radius, isunder operation at the injection of 40 Hz repetitions with20 mA peaks current. Since the circumference isextremely short 600 mA is stored by one shot of injection.
We found that the injection efficiency is nearly 100%.
Last two years MIRRORCLE-20 has been operated for xray production to perform the x-ray imaging [6], theirradiation experiments of cancer cells, the x-ray
fluorescent analysis of heavy elements and so on. The
activities of the x-ray experiments are now shifted toMIRRORCLE-6X. MIRRORCLE-20 injection system,
which enables to accommodate complex mirror system inthe vacuum chamber, is modified for IR/FIRThe 14th Symposium on Accelerator Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan, November 2003

Figure 2: MIRRORCLE-20 (left) and MIRRORCLE-6X (right) are the portable exact circular synchrotrons using
normal conducting magnet.

Mirror System, which Focuses All the SR
Emission into One Point
Another key issue is the special mirror system. The
designed beam optics is somewhat different from usual
SR beam line optics used for the synchrotron light sources.
The complex mirror system collects all radiations emitted
from the whole arc of the exact circular 15 cm diameterelectron orbit by an exact circular mirror and a quasiellipsoidal mirror as seen in Fig. 3. The extracted IR
beam can be parallel with spot size of 10x3 mm2 wide.
This mirror system is placed in the vacuum chamber
under the magnetic field. We have observed 20mW ofintegrated IR radiation without the circular mirror. With
the circular mirror 120mW is expected..

Grating monochrometer type irradiation system is underconstruction, which has 15 cm long focal plane and 1 to
0.5% band width/mm. Four gratings cover wavelengths
from 5 to 25µ m.

Hard X-ray project by MIRRORCLE-6XAccording to the success of the hard x-ray generation
by MIRRORCLE-20, MIRRORCLE-6X has been
designed. The 6 MeV instead of 20 MeV is chosen forsuppressing neutron generation, but still to be relativistic
electron energy, which gives 82-mrad x-ray divergences.
The micron order x-ray source point size, 100 mA
injector peak current, and 400 Hz repetitions reserve the1011 order photon brilliance. The total flux of 1012
photons is much brighter than that of any synchrotron
light sources, which is quite advantageous to the imaging
and the x-ray microscope. The magnification of 7.6 times
is available at 1 m distance.

Multi-layer X-Ray Mirror for the Protein
Crystallography

FIGURE 3: The special mirror system is composed of thecircular mirror concentric to the electron orbit, quasielliptic mirror, which focuses the radiation in to one point,parabolic mirror which makes parallel beam to beextracted.

The protein crystallography, x-ray fluorescent analysis,and x-ray microscope beam lines are the primarily targetof our COE program. The 1011 order brilliance must be
sufficient to start the protein crystallography, but we aregoing to introduce 8sets of multi-layer cylindrical x-ray
mirror system as shown in Fig.5, which focuses x-ray
beam into 0.1 mmφ spot. The x-ray intensity will beenhanced by 104 if the mirror surface is made ideally.
Replica method will be introduced for the cylindricalmirror fabrication.

The 14th Symposium on Accelerator Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan, November 2003

FIGURE 4: Eight sets of multi-layer cylindrical mirrors will be made by the replica method. Mother body must havethe surface roughness less than nm and the shape tolerance less than 1µm.

FIGURE 5: MIRRORCLE provides x-ray fluorescent analysis of heavy elements, while it is possible with more than 5
GeV SR sources.

X-Ray Fluorescent Analysis
X-ray fluorescent analysis of heavy elements [7] hasbeen carried out by MIRRORCLE, while it was possible
only by synchrotrons of more than 5GeV electron energy.
The data shown in Fig. 6 was taken by MIRRORCLE-20.
We found the extremely low level background. X-ray
fluorescent analysis is planed to study the role and effectof heavy metal components in the environment as well asin human body.

REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.

1326-1331 (Invited paper for SRI97).

4.

CONCLUSION
Synchrotron Light Life Science program is in progress.
The unique portable synchrotrons already provide
powerful X-ray and IR/FIR beams. The IR/FIR beam line
will be completed by the end of this year. The X-ray
crystallography and X-ray fluorescent beam lines will beready by the end of this fiscal year. InternationalSymposium on Portable Synchrotron Light Sources andAdvanced Applications is scheduled in January 13, and14, 2004 to focus on the activity of portable synchrotrons,
X-ray laser and compact LINAC based X-ray sources [8].

http://www.mext.go.jp/search/index.htm
H. Yamada, Nuclear Instruments and Methods inPhysics Research B199, 2002, pp.509-516.
H. Yamada, Jou. Synchrotron Radiation, (1998) pp.

5.
6.

7.
8.

Daisuke Hasegawa1, Hironari Yamada, Yasuji
Kitazawa1, and Isao Toyama,, contribution in thisconference: enquiry on MIRRORCLE-6X can beaddressed to the Photon Production Laboratory Ltd.
http://www.photon-production.co.jp/pplenglish/main/ppl-english_page.htmlH. Yamada, Advances in Colloid and Interface Sci.
71-72 (1997) pp. 371-392
T. Hirai, H. Yamada, Y. Sonoda, S. Maki, T.
Takashige, T. Takashima, contribution in thisconference.
H. Saisho, T. Hirai, J. Hirano, and H. Yamada to be
published.
http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/se/re/yamadalab/home1.ht
m for more information.