Vol.2016-SLP-114 No.1
2016/12/20৘ใॲཧֶձ‫ڀݚ‬ใࠂ
IPSJ SIG Technical ReportWikidata ্Ͱͷϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏Λ༻͍ͨର࿩ঢ়ଶਪఆͷͨΊͷૉੑநग़ଜ੉ɹߦढ़1,a)٢໺ɹ޾Ұ࿠1ਫ্ɹխത1தଜɹ఩1֓ཁɿۙ೥ɺର࿩γεςϜͷߏஙʹඞཁͳλεΫͱͯ͠ର࿩ঢ়ଶਪఆ (Dialogue State Tracking; DST) ͷ‫͕ڀݚ‬੝Μʹ͓͜ͳΘΕ͍ͯΔɻDST Ͱ͸ൃ࿩จͦͷ΋ͷͱա‫ڈ‬ͷൃ࿩ཤྺΛ౷߹ͯ͠ൃ࿩ͷҙਤΛਪఆ͢Δɻ͜ͷͱ͖ɺ࿩͍ͯ͠Δ࿩୊ͳͲͷؔ࿈৘ใΛ༻͍ͳ͚Ε͹ਪఆ͕೉͍͠৔߹͕͋Γɺਓ͕ؒߦͬ
͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹ஌ࣝΛ༻͍ͨਪ࿦͕ॏཁͱͳΔɻͦ͜Ͱຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɺWeb ্ͷؔ܎஌ࣝσʔλϕʔεͰ͋Δ

Wikidata Λ஌ࣝͱͯ͠࢖༻͠ɺϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏ʹΑͬͯ࿩୊ͷத৺ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔ୯‫ޠ‬ͷਪ࿦Λߦ͏ɻ͜ͷਪ࿦݁ՌΛର࿩ঢ়ଶਪఆͷૉੑͱͯ͠ར༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɺର࿩ঢ়ଶਪఆͷਫ਼౓͕޲্͢Δ͔Λ֬ೝͨ͠ɻΩʔϫʔυɿ஌ࣝάϥϑ, ɹର࿩γεςϜ, ɹϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏, ɹ Wikidata, ɹର࿩ঢ়ଶਪఆ

1. ͸͡Ίʹ
ର࿩ঢ়ଶਪఆ (Dialogue State Tracking; DST) ͸ର࿩த͓Γɺ೚ҙͷ୯‫ؔʹޠ‬࿈‫ͱޠ‬ͷ‫͕ܨ‬ΓΛ‫ه‬ड़ͨ͠஌ࣝ‫ج‬൫Ͱ͋Δͱ͍͑Δɻ͜ͷΑ͏ͳ஌ࣝ‫ج‬൫͸ର࿩γεςϜ‫ڀݚ‬ʹ͓͍ͯ޿͘ར༻͞Εɺख࡞‫ۀ‬΍৘ใ‫ࡧݕ‬ͷΫΤϦ͔Β‫ڭ‬ͷൃ࿩಺༰Λཧղ͢ΔͨΊͷλεΫͰ͋Γɺ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷϢʔβࢣͳ͠Ͱ࡞੒ͨ͠΋ͷ͕࢖ΘΕ͖ͯͨ [2], [3], [7], [8], [10]ɻ

ͷൃ࿩ͱա‫ڈ‬ͷର࿩ཤྺΛߟྀͯ͠Ϣʔβͷҙਤɾঢ়ଶΛ͜Εʹରͯۙ͠೥ Wikidata ͷΑ͏ͳ Web ্Ͱͷ஌ࣝ‫ج‬൫ਪఆ͢Δ [5], [11]ɻର࿩தͷϢʔβͷҙਤɾঢ়ଶ͸ଟ‫ʹذ‬͕੔උ͞Εͭͭ͋ΓɺMa ΒʹΑΔ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸͜͏ͨ͠άϥ౉ΓɺͦΕΒΛ͢΂ͯΧόʔͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹσʔλΛूΊΔϑߏ଄Λͦͷ··ର࿩ঢ়ଶͷਪఆΛ͢ΔͨΊͷਪ࿦ʹར༻ͷ͸ඇৗʹࠔ೉Ͱ͋ΔɻԾʹ૬౰ྔͷֶशσʔλΛूΊΒ͍ͯ͠Δ [6]ɻ͜Εʹରͯ͠ຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɺ‫ط‬ଘͷର࿩ঢ়ଶਪΕͨͱͯ͠΋ɺςετσʔλ΍࣮ࡍͷର࿩Ͱ͸Ͳ͏ͯ͠΋ఆʹ͜͏ͨ͠஌ࣝ‫ج‬൫Λ༻͍ͨਪ࿦݁ՌΛ෇͚Ճ͑Δ͜ͱະ஌ͷঢ়ଶ͕ग़‫͏·ͯ͠͠ݱ‬ɻ·ͨɺϢʔβͷҙਤ͸λεͰɺର࿩ঢ়ଶΛਪఆ͢ΔɻΫ΍υϝΠϯʹΑΓଟ༷Ͱ͋ΓɺλεΫɾυϝΠϯ͝ͱʹର࿩ঢ়ଶਪఆʹ͓͍֤ͯൃ࿩ͷ֤୯‫ޠ‬͸ૉੑͱͯ͠ར༻ඞཁͳྔͷσʔλΛ࡞੒͢Δ͜ͱ͸ෆՄೳʹ͍ۙ [4]ɻͦ͜

͞ΕΔ͕ɺ౷‫ܭ‬తʹਪఆ‫ث‬Λֶश͢Δʹ͸εύʔεωε͕Ͱɺຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ൃ࿩಺༰ʹର͢ΔΧόʔ཰Λ্͛ΔͨΊʹ໰୊ͱͳΔɻͦ͜Ͱֶशσʔλʹग़‫͢ݱ‬Δ֤୯‫ޠ‬Λγʔυ֎෦஌ࣝͷάϥϑߏ଄্Ͱͷਪ࿦Λߦͬͨɻ۩ମతʹ͸ɺͱͯ͠ Wikidata ͷάϥϑ্Ͱϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏ʹΑΓϊʔυ֎෦σʔλͷάϥϑͱͯ͠ Wikidata*1 ͷάϥϑߏ଄Λ༻൑ผΛߦ͏ [9], [12]ɻϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏Ͱ͸ྡΓ߹ͬͨϊʔυ͍ɺάϥϑ্Ͱϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏ʹΑΓൃ࿩ʹؔ࿈͢Δ୯‫ޠ‬ͷ͸ಉ͡Ϋϥεʹଐ͢Δͱ͍͏Ծఆͷ΋ͱɺ‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨͱ͍ਪ࿦Λߦ͍ɺந৅Խ͢Δɻ͏ϥϕϧΛ‫؍‬ଌ‫෇ʹޠ‬༩ͯ͠άϥϑ্Ͱ఻ൖͤ͞Δɻ͜Ε

Wikidata ͸ Wikimedia ʹΑΔ Web ্ͷϓϩδΣΫτʹΑΓɺະ‫؍‬ଌ͕ͩൃ࿩จதͷ୯‫ͱޠ‬ͷؔ࿈͕େ͖͍ϊʔͰෳ਺‫ޠݴ‬Λ‫ؚ‬Ή஌ࣝ‫ج‬൫Ͱ͋Δ [1]ɻWikidata ͷ໨త͸υΛɺର࿩தʹग़‫͢ݱ‬Δ࿩୊‫ͯ͠ͱޠ‬ଊ͑Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ

Wikimedia ͷଞͷϓϩδΣΫτͷσʔλΛߏ଄Խ͢Δ͜ͱ

Wikidata ͷར఺͸େ‫ن‬໛Ͱ౷੍͞Εͨߏ଄Խσʔλ͕ར༻Ͱ͋ΔɻWikidata ͸ͦΕͧΕͷΤϯςΟςΟ͕༷ʑͳؔͰ͖Δ఺Ͱɺϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏ʹΑͬͯඞཁͳൣғͷάϥϑ্܎ੑͰ݁͹Ε͍ͯΔɻຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ΤϯςΟςΟΛൃ࿩จͷͰద੾ͳਪ࿦͕ՄೳͰ͋Δɻ͜ΕʹΑͬͯɺର࿩தͷϢʔ୯‫͚෇ͼ݁ͱޠ‬ɺάϥϑ্ͷؔ܎ੑΛͦΕΒͷ୯‫ؒޠ‬ͷؔβൃ࿩Λ͏·͘ந৅Խ͢Δ୯‫ޠ‬ɾૉੑΛਪଌ͠ɺର࿩ҙਤ܎ੑͱͯ͠औΓѻͬͨɻWikidata ͸άϥϑߏ଄Λͳͯ͠ਪఆͷਫ਼౓޲্ʹ໾ཱͯΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɻ1a)*1ಸྑઌ୺Պֶٕज़େֶӃେֶ
Nara Institute of Science Technology
y-murase@is.naist.jp
Wikidata: https://www.wikidata.org/ⓒ 2016 Information Processing Society of Japan2. ஌ࣝάϥϑΛ༻͍ͨର࿩ঢ়ଶͷਪఆຊ‫ڀݚ‬͸ɺWeb ্ͷ஌ࣝάϥϑΛͦͷ··ର࿩ঢ়ଶਪఆ

1

Vol.2016-SLP-114 No.1
2016/12/20

৘ใॲཧֶձ‫ڀݚ‬ใࠂ
IPSJ SIG Technical ReportͷͨΊͷ஌ࣝߏ଄ͱ͢Δઌߦ‫[ ڀݚ‬6] ͱ‫͍ؔڧ‬ΘΓ͕͋Δɻ͜ͷઌߦ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɺ΢Σϒ্ͷ஌ࣝάϥϑΛϚϧίϑ֬཰

instance ofContinent

Asia

Continent৔ʹ͓͚Δਪ࿦άϥϑͱͯ͠༻͍ɺ͍͔ͭ͘ͷϊʔυ͕‫؍‬
continentଌ஋ͱͳͬͨ࣌ͷଞͷϊʔυͷࣄ‫ޙ‬෼෍Λਪ࿦ΞϧΰϦζ

Malaysia
shares border withϜʹΑͬͯ‫ٻ‬Ί͍ͯΔɻ஌ࣝάϥϑ͸ΤϯςΟςΟͱΞτ

instance ofCitySingaporeϦϏϡʔτΛ‫ؚ‬ΜͰ͓ΓɺΞτϦϏϡʔτ͸ΤϯςΟςΟ͕ଐ͢ΔΫϥεͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɻ஌ࣝάϥϑΛ‫ܗ‬੒͢Δ্Ͱ

instance ofinstance ofproperties forthis typeΤϯςΟςΟͱΞτϦϏϡʔτͷ྆ํ͕ϊʔυͱͳΓɺΞ

instance ofIslandnationAreaτϦϏϡʔτʹଐ͢ΔϊʔυͱͦͷΞτϦϏϡʔτͷؒʹ

subclass ofCountryؔ܎ੑ͕ଘࡏ͢Δɻ͜͜ͰΞτϦϏϡʔτϊʔυΛҼࢠͱ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓͦΕͧΕͷϊʔυ͕৚݅෇ಠཱੑΛͳ͢ɻ

ਤ 1”Singapore” ͱ”Malaysia” ͕‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨͱ͖͜ΕΒͷϊʔਪ࿦ͷࡍʹ͸ൃ࿩จ͔Βϊʔυʹ஋͕༩͑ΒΕɺ͜ͷ஌ࣝυʹΑΓ࢛ͭͷϊʔυ͕௥Ճ͞Εɺ‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨϊʔυͱ௥Ճάϥϑ্Ͱྡ઀ͨ͠ϊʔυ΁఻ൖͤ͞Δɻ͜ͷ݁Ռɺ֬཰͞ΕͨϊʔυͷؒʹΤοδ͕௥Ճ͞ΕΔɻ࣍ʹ”Asia” ͕‫؍‬ͷߴ͍஋Λ࣋ͭͱਪ࿦͞ΕͨΤϯςΟςΟϊʔυΛൃ࿩จଌ͞ΕΕ͹௥Ճ͞ΕΔϊʔυ͸Ұ͕ͭͩɺ‫ʹط‬ଘࡏ͢Δϊʔυ”Singapore” ͱ”Malaysia” ͷؒʹؔ܎ੑ͕͋ΔͷͰࡾͭͷͱͷؔ܎ੑ͕ਂ͍ͱͯ͠ɺର࿩ঢ়ଶਪఆͷग़ྗ஋ͱ͍ͯ͠Τοδ͕௥Ճ͞ΕΔɻ”City” ΋ಉ༷ʹྡ઀ϊʔυΛ௥Ճͯ͠Δɻ͜Εʹରͯ͠ຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ɺΤϯςΟςΟಉ࢜ͷؔ܎ੑ‫ط‬ଘͷϊʔυͱؔ܎ੑ͕͋Ε͹ΤοδΛ௥Ճ͢ΔɻͰ͋ΔΞτϦϏϡʔτͷϥϕϧ͸࢖Θͣɺؔ܎͕͋Δͱ͍͏఺ʹ͚ͩண໨ͯ͠άϥϑ্Ͱͷਪ࿦Λߦ͏ɻ͜ͷ݁ՌಘΒΕͨؔ࿈ϊʔυΛɺ‫ط‬ଘͷର࿩ঢ়ଶਪఆͷೖྗʹର͢ΔΫΤϦ֦ுʹར༻͢Δɻ

4. ϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏ͱΫΤϦ֦ு
4.1 ϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏

3. Wikidata ͔Βͷਪ࿦άϥϑߏங
Wikidata ͸ΞΠςϜΛϊʔυɺϊʔυؒͷؔ܎ੑΛΤοδͱͨ͠άϥϑߏ଄Λ͍࣋ͬͯΔɻ͔͜͠͠ͷάϥϑΛͦ
ͷ··༻͍Α͏ͱ͢ΔͱɺΞΠςϜͷ਺͕๲େ͗͢ΔͨΊ࣮࣌ؒͰͷਪ࿦͕೉͍͠ɻͦ͜Ͱɺࠓճ͸ਪ࿦ͷͨΊͷ෦෼άϥϑΛߏங͢ΔͨΊɺWikidata ͷάϥϑ͔ΒҎԼͷखॱʹΑͬͯϊʔυ͓ΑͼΤοδͷ࡟‫ݮ‬Λߦͬͨɻ·ͣɺର࿩ঢ়ଶਪఆλεΫɾυϝΠϯʹ͓͚Δֶशσʔλͱ։ൃσʔλʹग़‫͢ݱ‬Δ୯‫ʹޠ‬ରԠ͢ΔϊʔυΛγʔυͱͯ͠࢒͢ɻࠓճ͸୯‫ޠ‬Λநग़͢ΔͨΊʹ֤ൃ࿩จʹରͯ͠୯‫ޠ‬Λ෼ׂ͠ɺͦͷ୯‫ͱޠ‬ΞΠςϜͷ໊લ͕‫׬‬શҰக͢Δ΋ͷͷΈΛ༻͍ͨɻ࣍ʹɺA ΍ The ͳͲͷετοϓϫʔυ͸ετοϓϫʔυࣙॻΛ༻͍ͯऔΓআ͍ͨɻ·ͨɺʮʂʯ΍ʮʁʯͷΑ͏ͳ‫߸ه‬΋ߟྀ͢Δඞཁ͸ͳ͍ͷͰऔΓআ͍ͨɻ͜͏ͯ͠ߏஙͨ͠γʔυϊʔυͱͦͷϦϯΫΛ΋ͱʹɺγʔυϊʔυ͔Β 1-hop ͷϊʔυͱͦΕΒͷؒͷΤοδΛ͢΂ͯάϥϑߏ଄ʹ࢒ͨ͠ɻ͜ΕΒͷྡ઀ϊʔυ͸֤ൃ࿩จͰ͸ϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏Ͱ͸άϥϑ্ͷ͍͔ͭ͘ͷϊʔυͷϥϕϧ͕༩͑ΒΕͨࡍʹɺΫϥεະ஌ͷϊʔυͷΫϥεϥϕϧΛ༧ଌ͢ΔɻΫϥεϥϕϧ͸άϥϑ্ͷྡ઀ͨ͠ϊʔυ͸ಉ͡Ϋϥεʹଐ͢Δ܏޲͕͋Δͱ͍͏Ծఆͷ΋ͱ༧ଌ͞ΕΔɻຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ෳ਺ͷΤϯςΟςΟ͕ൃ࿩จͰ‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨঢ়ଶͷͱ͖ɺͦΕҎ֎ͷ΋ͷΛ‫؍‬ଌ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ঢ়ଶͱͯ͠ϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏ͰજࡏతͳΤϯςΟςΟΛ༧ଌ͢Δɻ
·ͣ N × N ߦྻͷ W ͸άϥϑ্ͷϊʔυؒͷΤοδͷ༗ແΛද͍ͯ͠Δͱ͢ΔɻN ͸άϥϑ্ʹ͋Δϊʔυͷ਺Ͱ͋Δɻೖྗ஋ͱͳΔ yi ͸͋Δ୯‫ൃ͕ޠ‬࿩จதͰ‫؍‬ଌ͞Ε͔ͨΛ 0 ͔ 1 Ͱද͍ͯ͠Δɻ͜ͷྫΛਤ 2 ʹࣔ͢ɻग़ྗ஋ͱͳΔ fi ͸,ɺೖྗ஋Ͱ‫؍‬ଌ͞ΕͨϊʔυͱͦΕʹ͍ۙϊʔυͷ஋͕ɺͦΕͧΕ͍ۙ஋ΛऔΔΑ͏ʹग़ྗ͞ΕΔɻΑͬͯ fi ͕‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨϊʔυʹ͍ۙ஋ΛͱΕ͹ɺજࡏతʹ‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨͱͯ͠‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨϊʔυͱಉ͡Ϋϥεʹଐ͢Δͱ͢Δɻ͜ͷϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏ͷ࠷খԽ໰୊͸ࣜ (1) ͷΑ͏ʹఆࣜԽ͞ΕΔɻະ‫؍‬ଌͷ୯‫͕ͩޠ‬ɺൃ࿩จͰ‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨ୯‫ͱޠ‬ͷؔ܎ੑ͕͋Δͱਪఆ͞Εͨ৔߹࿩୊‫ͯ͠ͱޠ‬ग़ྗ͞ΕΔɻಉ໊͡લ

J(f ) =Λ࣋ͬͨผͷΞΠςϜʹ͍ͭͯ͸ɺҰҙʹಛఆͰ͖Δ໊લΛ෇͚ͯผͷϊʔυͱͯ͠ѻͬͨɻਤ̍ʹࣔ͢ྫ͸্‫ه‬ͷखॱͰγʔυͱͯ͠‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨ”Singapore”,”City”,”Asia”ʹରͯ͠ྡ઀ϊʔυͱؔ܎ੑͷΤοδΛ෇༩ͨ݁͠ՌͰ͋
Δɻͳ͓ɺࠓճ͸͜ͷؔ܎ੑͷϥϕϧ͸࢖༻͠ͳ͍ɻnX
i=1(yi − fi )2 + λXwi,j (fi + fj )2(1)i<jɹ
ࣜ (1) ͷୈ 1 ߲͸ೖྗ஋ͱ༧ଌ஋ΛͰ͖Δ͚ͩۙ͘͢Δಇ͖Λ͓࣋ͬͯΓɺୈ 2 ߲͸ྡΓ߹ͬͨϊʔυͷ༧ଌ஋Λ͚ۙͮΔಇ͖Λ͍࣋ͬͯΔɻλ ͸ୈ߲̍ͱୈ߲̎ͷόϥϯεΛͱΔͨΊͷ܎਺Ͱ͋Δɻࣜ (1) ͸ɺJ(f ) =k y − f k22 +λf T Lf
ⓒ 2016 Information Processing Society of Japan(2)2Vol.2016-SLP-114 No.1
2016/12/20

৘ใॲཧֶձ‫ڀݚ‬ใࠂ
IPSJ SIG Technical Reportͱॻ͖‫͑׵‬Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɺ͜ͷ࠷খԽ໰୊ͷղͱͯ͠ղ͘
ͨΊʹ

Asia
y = 0.0Continent
y = 0.0(I + λL)f = y(3)Malaysia
y = 1.0Λ΋͍ͪΔɻࣜ (2)(3) ͷϥϓϥγΞϯߦྻ͸ L ≡ D − W
Ͱ͋Δɻͳ͓ɺD ͸ର֯ߦྻͷ੒෼͸֤ߦͷ૯࿨ΛཁૉͱCity
y = 0.0Singapore
y = 1.0

Areay = 0.0

Islandnationy = 0.0ͨ͠ߦྻͰ͋Δɻຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬ඞཁʹͳΔͷ͸ࣜ (3) ʹΑͬͯࢉग़͞Ε༧ଌ஋ͳͷͰɺҎԼͷࣜͰ༧ଌ஋Λ௚઀΋ͱΊͨɻ

f = (I + λL)−1y(4)ɹ͜ΕʹΑͬͯਤ 2 ͷྫʹର͠ f ͷ஋Λߋ৽ͨ݁͠ՌΛਤ

ਤ 23 ʹࣔ͢ɻCountryy = 0.0“Singapore” ͱ “Malaysia” ͕ൃ࿩จ͔Β‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨͱ͖ͷೖྗ஋ y ͷ஋ͷྫɻ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷൃ࿩จ·Ͱʹ͢΂ͯͷϊʔυ͕ະ‫؍‬ଌͳΒ “Singapore” ͱ “Malaysia” ͷೖྗ஋͕ 1 ͱͳΓɺͦͷଞͷϊʔυͷೖྗ஋͸ 0 ʹͳΔɻ

4.2 ׂҾ཰Λߟྀͨ͠ཤྺͷར༻
અ 4.1 ͷख๏Ͱ͸֤ൃ࿩จ͝ͱʹ‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨ୯‫ޠ‬ͷΈΛ༻͍ͨਪ࿦Λߦ͓ͬͯΓɺ‫ܧ‬ଓతʹߦΘΕ͍ͯΔର࿩ͷཤྺΛߟྀ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɻͦ͜Ͱɺର࿩ཤྺதʹ‫·ؚ‬ΕΔ୯

Asia
f = 0.23112

Continent
f = 0.07704‫͍ͯͭʹޠ‬΋ಉ༷ʹϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏ͷγʔυͱͯ͠ѻ͏͜ͱͱͨ͠ɻͨͩɺର࿩ͷ಺༰͸‫ܦ‬աʹ൐ͬͯมԽ͢ΔͷͰ‫ൃ͍ݹ‬࿩ͷӨ‫ڹ‬͸খ͘͞ͳΔɻͦͷͨΊೖྗ஋ʹׂҾ཰

Malaysia
f = 0.59371
City
f = 0.13223

Singaporef = 0.48486

Area
f = 0.04407

Islandnationf = 0.18436

d(0 < d < 1) ΛऔΓೖΕͨɻҰͭલͷൃ࿩தʹଘࡏ͢Δ୯‫ޠ‬Λग़‫ݱ‬୯‫͠ͱޠ‬ɺͦͷϥϕϧͷ஋ʹׂҾ཰ d Λֻ͚͋Θͤͯɺ‫ࡏݱ‬ͷൃ࿩จͷೖྗ஋ͱ଍͢͜͠ͱʹΑΓ৽ͨͳೖCountryf = 0.25259

ྗ஋ͱ͢Δɻ͜ͷΞϧΰϦζϜΛ Algorithm 1 ʹࣔ͢ɻ
ਤ 3Algorithm 1 ϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏ͷׂҾ཰ଌ͞ΕͨϊʔυͰ͋Δ “Singapore” ͱ “Malaysia” ͸ߴ͍஋

Require: λ > 0, 0 ≤ d ≤ 1, i = index and t = timeif ࠷ॳͷൃ࿩จ thenfor ୯‫ޠ‬ͷϦετ಺ͷ yi,t doyi,t = 1
end forelseೋൃ࿩໨Ҏ߱:for yi,t doif ୯‫ޠ‬ͷϦετ಺ͷ yi,t thenyi,t = 1 + dyi,t−1
else
yi,t = dyi,t−1
end ifend forend if
f = y(I + λL)−1
return f ɹͷ্Ґ n ‫ݸ‬Λͱ͍ͬͯΔ͕ɺͦΕʹՃ͑ͯ‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨϊʔυ྆ํͱؔ࿈͕
͋Δͷ͸”Country” ͕ߴ͍஋Λऔ͍ͬͯΔɻ͜Ε͸ɺࣜ (1)ͷୈ߲̎ʹΑΓߴ͍༧ଌ஋ΛͱΓ΍͍͢ɻՃ͑ͯ”Country”ͷྡ઀ϊʔυʹ”Island nation” ͕͋Δ͕ɺ͜ͷϊʔυ΋ྡ઀ϊʔυʹ‫؍‬ଌϊʔυ”Singapore”͕͋Γߴ͍஋ΛͱΔɻͦΕʹΑΓ”Country” ͸ΑΓߴ͍஋ΛͱΔɻ”Asia” ΋‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨϊʔυͱؔ܎ੑΛ࣋ͬͯ͸͍Δ͕ɺྡ઀ϊʔυͷ”Continent”
͸‫؍‬ଌϊʔυͱ͸ྡ઀͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ͨΊࣜ (1) ͷୈ߲̎ʹΑΓগ͠খ͞ͳ༧ଌ஋ΛͱΔɻ

λׂҾ཰

্Ґ n

0.5

01

10.125

3

1.5

0.25

5

20.5

8

30.7

108

0.8
0.9

4.3 ର࿩ঢ়ଶਪఆͷೖྗΫΤϦ֦ு͜͜·Ͱʹड़΂ͨख๏Ͱಘͨ༧ଌ஋ͷ্Ґ n ‫ݸ‬͸࣮ࡍʹਤ̎ͷάϥϑ্ʹϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏Λద༻͠ɺ‫݁ͨ͠ࢉܭ‬Ռͷ༧ଌ஋ͷྫɻ֤ϊʔυ͸ೖྗ஋ y ʹ୅ΘΓ f Λ͍࣋ͬͯΔɻ‫؍‬ද 11ϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏ʹ༩͑ͯςετͨ͠ύϥϝʔλ: 240 ௨Γͷ૊Έೖྗ͞Εͨൃ࿩จͷજࡏతʹ‫؍‬ଌ͞Εͨ୯‫͑ߟͯ͠ͱޠ‬Β߹Θ͕ͤ͋Δɻ λ ͸ࣜ (1) ʹ͓͚Δୈ߲̍ͱୈ߲̎ͷόϥϯΕΔɻͦ͜ͰɺಘΒΕͨ୯‫͕ޠ‬ೖྗ͞Εͨൃ࿩จͱɺ͜ͷεΛͱΔ܎਺ɺׂҾ཰͸ର࿩ཤྺΛߟྀ͢ΔͨΊͷ஋ɺn ͸ਪ্Ґ n ݅Λൃ࿩จͷ຤ඌʹ෇༩͢Δ͜ͱͰର࿩ঢ়ଶਪఆ‫ث‬ఆ͞Εͨϊʔυͷ͏ͪΫΤϦ֦ுʹ༻͍Δϊʔυͷ਺Ͱ͋Δɻʹର͢ΔೖྗΫΤϦ֦ுΛ͓͜ͳͬͨɻ

ⓒ 2016 Information Processing Society of Japan3

Vol.2016-SLP-114 No.1
2016/12/20

৘ใॲཧֶձ‫ڀݚ‬ใࠂ
IPSJ SIG Technical ReportF஋λׂҾ཰0.187760.5

0.980.18294

0.50.9100.17953

0.50.950.17178

0.50.850.17009

1.50.95INFO: Pricerange

0.16990

1.50.98

Name:INFO:
InnCrowdBackpackers Hostel{Pricerange}

0.16929

1.50.930.16928

0.50.88ࣇ࣮࣒ࣞࢫࣟࢵࢺ: {Accommodation}ࢫࣟࢵࢺ୰ࡢ್
Type: Hostel

Type: {Hostel}

Name: {InnCrowd Backpackers Hostel}1

ਤ 4

্Ґ n0.13281(ϕʔεϥΠϯ)ද 2 εέδϡʔϧ̍:F ஋ͷߴ͍ύϥϝʔλͷ૊Έ߹Θ্ͤҐ 8 ݅֎ͷ࿮͸ɺ͋Δର࿩‫ྻܥ‬ͷ۠ؒʹઃ͚ΒΕ͍ͯΔϑϨʔϜͱͳΔɻͦͷ۠ؒͷର࿩಺༰͕”Accommodation” Ͱ͋Ε͹ε

ʢAccuracyʣ͸ϑϨʔϜ͕‫׬‬શʹҰக͍ͯ͠Δ͔Λɺೋͭϩοτʹͦͷ஋͕༩͑ΒΕΔɻ”Accommodation” ʹ͍ͭͯ໨ͷࢦඪ͸֤εϩοτͷ஋ͷҰகΛ Precision, Recall, F ஋ͷৄࡉͳ৘ใ͕Ұ൪಺ଆͷ࿮ɺ͢ͳΘͪεϩοτͷதͷ஋ͱ͠ͰධՁ͍ͯ͠Δɻͯ༩͑ΒΕ͍ͯΔɻ͜ͷྫͰ͸॓ധࢪઃͷछྨͱ໊લɺ৘ใͷछྨͷ஋͕༩͑ΒΕ͍ͯΔɻ

5. ࣮‫ݧ‬ද 2, 3 ʹɺද 1 Ͱࣔͨ͠ύϥϝʔλͷ͏ͪɺF ஋͕ߴ͘ग़Δ૊Έ߹Θ্ͤҐ 8 ݅Λࣔ͢ɻൺֱͷͨΊɺΫΤϦ֦ுΛߦΘͳ͍ϕʔεϥΠϯτϥοΧʔͷ F ஋͸εέδϡʔϧ1 Ͱ 0.13281ɺεέδϡʔϧ 2 Ͱ 0.18111 ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɻදຊ ‫ Ͱ ڀ ݚ‬͸ Dialog State Tracking Challenge 5 ɹ2 ͷ݁ՌΑΓɺεέδϡʔϧ 1 Ͱ͸ F ஋͸࠷େͰ 0.05495(DSTC5)[5] ͷσʔληοτͱϕʔεϥΠϯτϥοΧʔϙΠϯτߴ͘ͳ͍ͬͯΔɻ·ͨද 3 ΑΓɺεέδϡʔϧ 2Λ࢖༻͠ɺఏҊͨ͠ϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏ʹΑΔΫΤϦ֦ு݁ՌΛͰ͸࠷େ 0.01710 ϙΠϯτͷ޲্͕‫ݟ‬ΒΕΔɻύϥϝλ λτϥοΧʔͷೖྗͱͯͦ͠ͷޮՌΛ‫͢ূݕ‬ΔɻDSTC5 ͷ͸ߴ͍είΞΛ‫ه‬࿥ͨ͠૊Έ߹Θͤͷଟ͘Ͱ 0.5 Λͱͬͯσʔληοτ͸ֶशηοτɺ։ൃηοτɺςετηοτʹ͍ΔͷͰɺࣜ (1) ͷୈ߲̎ΑΓ΋ୈ߲̍ͷํ͕ F ஋͕ߴ͘෼͔Ε͍ͯΔɻશͯͷσʔληοτͷର࿩਺͕ 35ɺൃ࿩਺ͳΔΑ͏ʹӨ‫͍ͯ͠ڹ‬ΔͱਪଌͰ͖Δɻୈ߲̍Λ༏ઌ͢Δ

͸ 30134ɺ୯‫਺ޠ‬͸ 273480 ‫͋ݸ‬ΓɺΦϯτϩδʔͷεϩοͱ͍͏͜ͱ͸ɺྡΓ߹ͬͨ༧ଌ஋ͷ஋Λ͚ۙͮΔΑΓ΋ೖτ਺͕ 30 ‫ݸ‬ɺεϩοτ͕‫ؚ‬ΉՄೳͳ஋͕ 1667 ‫͋ݸ‬Δɻਖ਼ྗ஋ʹΑΓ͚ۙͮΔΑ͏ʹ༧ଌ஋Λग़ͨ͠ํ͕Α͍ͱ͍͏ղσʔλ͸֤ൃ࿩۠ؒΛϑϨʔϜͱ͍͔ͯͭ͘͠ͷεϩο͜ͱͰɺ͋·ΓΫΤϦ֦ுΛେ͖͘΍Γա͗ͳ͍ํ͕Α͍τͱɺεϩοτʹରԠͨ͠ϥϕϧ͔Βߏ੒͞Ε͍ͯΔɻਤͱ͍͏͜ͱ͕‫ͱͯݟ‬ΕΔɻ

4 ʹϑϨʔϜɺεϩοτɺϥϕϧͷྫΛࣔ͢ɻσΟεΧ΢ϯτ஋͸྆ํͷεέδϡʔϧͰ 0.7 Ҏ্্͕͜ͷσʔλͰ͸தࠃ‫ޠ‬ͷൃ࿩จΛӳ‫ʹޠ‬຋༁ͯ͠ɺ຋༁Ґͱͯ͠࢒͓ͬͯΓɺର࿩ཤྺΛΑΓ‫͘ڧ‬൓ө͢Δ΄͏͕͞Εͨൃ࿩จʹରͯ͠ൃ࿩จͷঢ়ଶΛ͢ΔλεΫͱͳͬΑ͍ͱ͍͏͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɻn ͸༧ଌ஋ͷ্Ґ n ‫ݸ‬ͷૉੑΛ͍ͯΔɻࠓճ͸ఏҊͨ͠ϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏Λ຋༁͞Εͨൃ࿩จ࢖༻͢ΔͨΊͷύϥϝʔλͰ͋Γɺ݁Ռ͔Β͸ 5 ͔Β 8 ‫ݸ‬ʹର࣮ͯ͠ߦ͠ɺͦͷ݁ՌΛૉੑͱͯ͠෇͚Ճ͍͑ͯΔɻͷૉੑΛ༻͍Δ͜ͱͰ F ஋͕ߴ͘ͳ͍ͬͯΔɻϕʔεϥΠϯτϥοΧʔ͸ೖྗ͞ΕͨจࣈྻͱΦϯτϩ͜ΕΒͷύϥϝʔλͷ૊Έ߹ΘͤʹΑΔ݁Ռͷ࠷্ҐͷδʕͷΤϯτϦʔʹؔͯ͠ϑΝδʔϚονϯάΛऔΓɺϑύϥϝʔλͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ͸ λ ͕ 0.5ɺׂҾ཰͕ 0.9ɺn ͕ 8ϨʔϜͷεϩοτʹ஋Λ༩͑Δɻ͜ͷϕʔεϥΠϯτϥοͱͳΓɺೋͭͷεέδϡʔϧͱ΋ʹશ͘ಉ͡૊Έ߹ΘͤʹΧʔͷೖྗͱͯ͠ɺఏҊ͢Δϥϕϧ఻ൖ๏ʹΑͬͯΫΤϦͳͬͨɻਤ 5 ͱ 6 ͸ͦΕͧΕͷύϥϝʔλͷҰͭΛมԽ֦͞ுͨ͠ൃ࿩จΛೖྗͨ͠ɻ͜ͷࡍʹઃఆ͕ඞཁͱͳΔϥͤͯଞͷೋͭΛ‫ݻ‬ఆͨ͠ͱ͖ͷ F ஋ͷมԽΛάϥϑԽ͠ϕϧ఻೻๏ͷϋΠύʔύϥϝʔλ λɺׂҾ཰ dɺ௥Ճ͢Δ

ͨਤͰ͋ΓɺͦΕͧΕͷύϥϝʔλ͕ λ ͕ 0.5ɺׂҾ཰͕ΫΤϦ਺ n ͷࡾͭͷύϥϝʔλ͸ɺͦΕͧΕද 1 ʹࣔ͢஋

0.9ɺn ͕ 8 ʹۙͮ͘ʹͭΕͯ F ஋͕ߴ͘ͳ͍ͬͯΔɻͷ૊Έ߹ΘͤΛࢼߦͨ͠ɻ͜ͷࢼߦ͸։ൃηοτͰߦ͏ɻ͜ͷΫΤϦ֦ுͨ͠ൃ࿩จΛɺΫΤϦ֦ுΛߦΘͳ͍৔߹ͱൺֱ͢Δɻ͜ΕΒͷ݁ՌΑΓύϥϝʔλΛܾఆ͠ɺςετηοτʹରͯ͠ಉ༷ͷηοςΟϯάͰ࣮‫ݧ‬Λߦ͏ɻ
ද 4 ͸ςετηοτʹରͯ͠ΫΤϦ֦ுΛߦΘͣϕʔ

ɹ DSTC5 Ͱ͸ 2 छྨͷධՁ୯ҐΛͦΕͧΕ 2 छྨͷεϥΠϯτϥοΧʔΛ࣮ߦͨ͠ͱ͖ͷ݁ՌͰɺද 5 Ͱ͸ΫࢦඪͰධՁ͍ͯ͠ΔɻҰͭ໨ͷධՁ୯Ґ (εέδϡʔϧΤϦ֦ுΛߦͬͨ݁ՌΛೖྗͱͨ͠ͱ͖ͷ݁ՌͰ͋ΔɻF1) ͸֤ൃ࿩λʔϯ͝ͱʹଌ͍ͬͯΔɻೋͭ໨ͷධՁ୯Ґ஋͸֤εέδϡʔϧ‫ ʹڞ‬0.04 ϙΠϯτ্ۙ͘ঢ͓ͯ͠Γɺ(εέδϡʔϧ 2) ͸Ұఆ۠ؒͰൃ࿩Λ۠੾Γɺηάϝϯτ

Precision ͕େ෯ʹߴ͘ͳ͍ͬͯΔɻ͔͠͠ɺRecall ͸͕͋ऴΘΔ౓ʹਫ਼౓ΛධՁ͍ͯ͠Δɻ·ͨɺҰͭ໨ͷࢦඪ·ΓมԽ͓ͯ͠ΒͣɺAccuracy ʹ͍ͨͬͯ͸ 0.01 ϙΠϯⓒ 2016 Information Processing Society of Japan4

Vol.2016-SLP-114 No.1
2016/12/20

৘ใॲཧֶձ‫ڀݚ‬ใࠂ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report(a) λF஋λׂҾ཰্Ґ n0.19822

0.5

0.9

80.19525

0.50.950.19364

0.5

110.19283

0.50.9100.19267

1.50.7

10.1924120.750.19241

0.50.750.19231

0.50.810.18111(ϕʔεϥΠϯ)ද 3 εέδϡʔϧ̎: F ஋ͷߴ͍ύϥϝʔλͷ૊Έ߹Θ্ͤҐ 8 ݅εέδϡʔϧ̍

Accuracy

0.023110.03137

Precision

0.113940.14123

Recall0.10898

0.14868F஋(b) ׂҾ཰ਤ 5εέδϡʔϧ̎(c) ্Ґ n

0.111400.14486
ද 4 ϕʔεϥΠϯͷείΞͷ݁Ռεέδϡʔϧ̍y ࣠͸εέδϡʔϧ̍ͷ F ஋Λද͍ͯ͠Δɻ(a): x ࣠͸ λ ͕εέδϡʔϧ̎

0.5 ͔Β 8 ͷؒͷ஋ΛͱΔɻ (b): x ࣠͸ׂҾ཰͕ 0 ͔Β 1 ͷ

Accuracy

0.015700.02296ؒͷ஋ΛͱΔɻ (c): x ࣠͸ 1 ͔Β 10 ‫্Ͱݸ‬Ґ n ‫ݸ‬ͷ਺ΛPrecision0.25944

0.27764

ࣔ͢ɻ

Recall

0.109500.14601F஋
0.15400
0.19137
ද 5 ϕʔεϥΠϯʹૉੑΛՃ͑ͨείΞͷ݁Ռ

Recall Λҡ͍࣋ͯ͠Δͷ͸ɺτϥοΧʔࣗମͷؒҧ͍Λ‫ݮ‬Βͭͭ͠΋ɺղ͚Δ΋ͷ͸͋·Γ૿͍͑ͯͳ͍ͱ͍͏͜ͱ͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔɻ͔͜͜Β͸࣮ࡍʹಘͨϥϕϧͱεϩοτΛྫʹߟ࡯Λߦ
͏ɻ”In this way, you can walk to the Jinsha.” ͕ೖྗ͞Εͨͱ͖࣍ͷൃ࿩ͷૉੑͱͯ͠”shape, straight-0, straight-1,(a) λstraight-2, walk, bar, lake, walking” ͕֦ு୯‫ͯ͠ͱޠ‬நग़͞Εͨɻ͜ͷͱ͖ϕʔεϥΠϯͷγεςϜͰ͸’Type’ ͱ͍͏εϩοτ͸ۭͩͬͨͷʹରͯ͠ɺఏҊख๏Ͱ͸ͦͷεϩοτʹ’Walking’ ͱ͍͏ਖ਼ղͷϥϕϧΛ༩͍͑ͯΔɻͨ
ͩ͠ɺૉੑΛՃ͑Δ͜ͱͰਖ਼ղϥϕϧͰඞཁͱ͞Εͳ͍εϩοτ΋ϥϕϧΛ༩͑ΒΕ͍ͯΔ৔߹͕͋ͬͨɻ

6. ·ͱΊ(b) ׂҾ཰ਤ 6(c) ্Ґ ny ࣠͸εέδϡʔϧ̎ͷ F ஋Λද͍ͯ͠Δɻ(a): x ࣠͸ λ ͕
0.5 ͔Β 8 ͷؒͷ஋ΛͱΔɻ (b): x ࣠͸ׂҾ཰͕ 0 ͔Β 1 ͷؒͷ஋ΛͱΔɻ (c): x ࣠͸ 1 ͔Β 10 ‫্Ͱݸ‬Ґ n ‫ݸ‬ͷ਺Λࣔ͢ɻຊ‫Ͱڀݚ‬͸ DSTC5 ͷσʔλʹ͓͍ͯɺWikidata ͔ΒಘΒΕΔάϥϑ্Ͱͷਪ࿦Λߦ͏͜ͱͰೖྗΫΤϦΛ֦ு͠ର࿩ঢ়ଶਪఆͷਫ਼౓޲্ΛࢼΈͨɻ͜ͷ֦ுΫΤϦΛϕʔεϥΠϯτϥοΧʔʹରͯ͠༻͍ͨ݁ՌɺPrecision ͕େ෯ʹ޲্͢Δͱ͍͏݁Ռ͕ಘΒΕͨɻࣄྫ͔Βɺಛʹൃ࿩จ্Ͱ͸ະ‫؍‬ଌͷ୯‫ޠ‬Λ֎෦ͷ஌ࣝ‫ج‬൫ͷར༻ʹΑΓநग़Ͱτۙ͘Լ͕ͬͯ͠·͍ͬͯΔɻAcuuracy ͷࢦඪ͸ϑϨʔ

͖Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔ͬͨɻͨͩɺϕʔεϥΠϯτϥοΧʔͷखϜશମͷ‫׬‬શҰகͷධՁͰ͋ΔͨΊɺఏҊख๏Ͱ͸εϩο๏͕୯७ͳϑΝδʔϚονϯάͰ͋ΔͨΊɺࠓ‫ޙ‬͸ΑΓҰτʹ༨෼ͳ஋Λ༩͑ͯ͠·͏ɺ͋Δ͍͸͜Ε·ͰਪఆͰ͖ൠతͳ‫ػ‬ցֶशख๏Λ༻͍ͨର࿩ঢ়ଶਪఆ‫͍͓ͯʹث‬ຊఏ͍ͯͨεϩοτΛ࡟ͬͯ͠·ͬͨΑ͏ͳ৔߹͕͋ͬͨͷҊख๏Λࢼߦ͢Δ͜ͱΛ‫ݕ‬౼͍ͯ͠ΔɻͰ͸ͳ͍͔ͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɻPrecision ͷ஋্͕͕͕Γͭͭⓒ 2016 Information Processing Society of Japan5৘ใॲཧֶձ‫ڀݚ‬ใࠂ
IPSJ SIG Technical Report

Vol.2016-SLP-114 No.1
2016/12/20

7. ँࣙຊ‫ڀݚ‬։ൃͷҰ෦͸૯຿ল SCOPEʢड෇൪߸ 152307004ʣ
ͷҕୗΛड͚ͨ΋ͷͰ͢ɻࢀߟจ‫ݙ‬
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[2]

[3]

[4]
[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

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