P1 | Lesson3. Copyright © 2012 by eTOC-surely work-All Rights Reserved 長文読解デュアルメソッド英検準 1 級レベル
1.

For Teachers: When you use Dual method, please have the students do the shadowing after you. Then
have them read by them self. And correct their pronunciation, through all of this material.

2.

イートックのレッスン以外で使用禁止 Ban to use this without eTOC lesson.

3.

4.

Part2 Lesson3.Pre1-3.1-2019.1chobundokai スマホの方は横にしてご覧下さい

Hostile Architecture

Benches with armrests in the middle, uneven concrete surfaces and spikes
6. around the edges of fountains are examples of hostile architecture, a form of
7. urban design aimed at influencing social behavior in public spaces.
8. The goal is to discourage people from using such spaces for purposes such a
9. sleeping, skateboarding or hanging out for extended periods of time.
10. Governments and businesses are installing such features in response to
11. complaints from people who feel threatened in environments where
12. homeless people or teenagers gather, where skateboarders engage in risky
13. behavior, or criminals make drug deals. To supporters, hostile architecture is
14. essential. They claim it serves society by defending the public against
15. unacceptable behavior and troublemaking individuals, even though it makes
16. spaces both unattractive and uncomfortable.
5.

Further Questions & Sample Answers For Teachers: Please use the direct method like CALLAN for thispart. 1. Ask student to answer the question on their own at first. 2. Then read the “sample answer”. 3. Tell
student to close their eyes. 4. Let them repeat after you again. Because student can’t see the answer. 5. Have thestudent try to memorize the answer. 6. Once they have memorized the answer, ask the question one last time.

1)What is the purpose of hostile architecture?

17. The purpose of it is to discourage people from using public spaces for
18. extended periods of time.
19.

2) According to supporters, is hostile architecture essential? Why?

20. It is essential because it serves society by defending the public against
21. unacceptable behavior.

Architectural historian Iain Borden of University College London argues that
23. such design is simply the most recent strategy for welcoming some
24. populations while rejecting others. He says hostile architecture suggests that
25. we are regarded as citizens only when “we are either working or consuming
26. goods directly.” Hostile architecture allows people to take short breaks in
27. public spaces -say after buying something-but discourages anyone from28. spending time resting or socializing. London-based architect James Furzer isalso critical of this approach, saying, “If we designed a building where people
29. didn’t want to stay for too long, because it’s hostile and uncomfortable, have
30. we succeeded in our jobs as architects? I don’t think so.”
22.

Further Questions & Sample Answers
32. 3) Why is James Furzer critical of hostile architecture?
31.

He thinks that building uncomfortable spaces is not considered a success for
34. an architect.
33.
35.

4) According to Ian Borden, what does hostile architecture do to people?

36. It promotes discrimination because it welcomes some populations and rejects
37. others.
38.

P2 | Lesson3. Copyright © 2012 by eTOC-surely work-All Rights Reserved 長文読解デュアルメソッド英検準 1 級
レベル

Critics say rather than installing structures that simply push homeless
40. people and teens to other places, officials should deal with the roots of the
41. problem by, for example, prioritizing shelters, affordable housing and
42. programs to both reduce the number of homeless and get teenagers involved
43. in productive activities. Furthermore, they say architecture can be used toinfluence behavior in a different way. “ I feel we need to design spaces thatencourage good behavior,” argues Furzer.
39.

Further Questions & Sample Answers
45. 5)What should officials do to solve problems in public places?
44.

46. Officials should deal with the roots of the problem such as housing andunproductivity of teenagers.

47.

6)What kind of behavior should be encouraged by architecture?

48. Architecture should design spaces that encourage good behavior.

*Choose the correct answer from these choices.
50. (32) What argument is given in favor of hostile architecture?
49.

1. It is important in order to ensure that governments are quick to repair
damage to publicly funded structures.
52. 2. It promotes employee satisfaction by encouraging workers to spend more timein outside areas during break periods.
53. 3. It helps businesses protect themselves by forcing criminals to operate in open
areas that can be easily observed.
54. 4. It is necessary to ensure public safety in spite of the fact that it may reduce theappeal of shared spaces.
51.

55.

(33) According to Iain Borden, hostile architecture

1. can sometimes have an effect on public behavior that is opposite to what its
designers originally intended.
57. 2. can actually make public spaces more comfortable since it improves the flow ofpedestrian traffic in crowded areas.
58. 3. sends the message that people are only considered to be true members ofsociety when they are earning or spending money.
59. 4. is designed by architects who care more about how spaces look than how
citizens will want to use those spaces.
56.

60.

(34) What is the main point suggested in the third paragraph?

1. The use of hostile architecture only lessens the symptoms of societal problems,
while ignoring the actual causes.
62. 2. Homeless people and others who spend time in public spaces must be consulted
about their design.
63. 3. Although homeless people and teenagers often intentionally damage
architecture, the damage is usually minor.
64. 4. Hostile architecture shows that architects are prioritizing their own financial
gain over the opportunity to help society.
61.

65.

Answer: (32) 4 (33) 3 (34) 1