www.iafor.org/about/partners

IAFOR Global Partners

IAFOR has entered into a number of strategic partnerships with universities across the world to form
the IAFOR Global Partnership Programme. These academic partnerships support and nurture IAFOR’s
goals of educational cooperation without borders, connecting the organisation with institutions thathave an international and internationalising profile, and a commitment to interdisciplinary research.
The IAFOR Global Partnership Programme provides mutual recognition and scope for Global Partner
institutions and organisations to showcase their research strengths, as well as engage in thedevelopment of projects and programmes with IAFOR.
Programme Design by Thaddeus Pope, IAFOR Media

www.ecss.iafor.org
www.ecsee.iafor.org

T H E S P I R I T O F VA L U E
INSPIRATIONS FROM JAPANG I V S - T O K YO . I A F O R . O R GO C T O B E R 5 – 7, 2 018 | T O K YO , J A PA N

Organising Committee
Kwame Akyeampong
University of Sussex, UK
Kwame Akyeampong is Professor of International Education
and Development at the Centre for International Education(CIE), University of Sussex, UK. He has international researchexperience in educational evaluation and research and has
worked on education and development research projects ina range of countries including Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya,
Rwanda and Malawi.

Anne Boddington
Kingston University, UK
Anne Boddington is Professor of Design Innovation, Pro Vice
Chancellor for Research, Business and Innovation at Kingston
University in the UK and recently appointed as the Sub Panel Chair
for Art & Design: History, Practice & Theory for the UK’s Research
Excellence Framework (REF) 2021. Professor Boddington has
extensive experience of the leadership, management and evaluationof art and design education and art and design research in higher
education across the UK and internationally.

Eddie Bruce-Jones
Birkbeck College School of Law, University of London, UK
Eddie Bruce-Jones (DPhil, Berlin; LLM, KCL; JD, Columbia; MA,
Berlin; AB, Harvard) is Deputy Dean at Birkbeck College School ofLaw, University of London, where he teaches and researches in
the areas of human rights, European law, legal theory, equality law
and legal anthropology. His scholarly writing can be found in the
Columbia Human Rights Law Review, Race & Class and the UCLA
Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs.

Evangelia Chrysikou
University College London, UK
Dr Evangelia Chrysikou is a registered architect and seniorresearch fellow at University College London (UCL). Dr Chrysikou
is the owner of SynThesis Architects (London – Athens) which
specialises in medical facilities. She is the recipient of several
prestigious awards for her work (Singapore 2009, Kuala Lumpur
2012, Brisbane 2013, Birmingham 2014 and London 2014).

4 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)Organising Committee
Joseph Haldane
The International Academic Forum (IAFOR)Dr Joseph Haldane is the Chairman and CEO of IAFOR. He
is responsible for devising strategy, setting policies, forging
institutional partnerships, implementing projects, and overseeing
the organisation’s business and academic operations, including
research, publications and events. Dr Haldane is Guest Professor
at the Osaka School of International Public Policy (OSIPP) at Osaka
University, where he teaches on the postgraduate Global Governance
Course, and Co-Director of the OSIPP-IAFOR Research Centre.

Tom Houghton
Curtin University, Australia
Dr Tom Houghton is Director of the MBA (Oil & Gas) at Curtin
Graduate School of Business, Australia, and was previously a
Research Fellow at the University of Strathclyde, UK. His principal
field of research is sustainable energy economics and he has akeen interest in energy for development, having established atraining program in Renewable Energy for Developing Countries
with UNITAR.

Ljiljana Markovic
University of Belgrade, Serbia
Dr Ljiljana Markovic is Dean, Chairperson of the Doctoral
Studies Program and Full Professor in Japanese Studies at the
University of Belgrade, Serbia. She has previously served asVice Dean for Financial Affairs, Faculty of Philology, Universityof Belgrade (2008-2016). In 2010 she received the Gaimu Daijin
Sho Award from the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Japan, and in2011 she received the Dositej Obradovic Award for PedagogicalAchievement.

James W. McNally
University of Michigan & NACDA Program on Aging, USA
Dr James W. McNally is the Director of the NACDA Program on
Aging, a data archive containing over 1,500 studies related tohealth and the aging lifecourse. He currently does methodologicalresearch on the improvement and enhancement of secondary
research data and has been cited as an expert authority on data
imputation. Dr McNally has directed the NACDA Program on Aging
since 1998 and has seen the archive significantly increase its
holdings with a growing collection of seminal studies on the aging
lifecourse, health, retirement and international aspects of aging.

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Letter of Welcome
Dear Colleagues,
It is my pleasure to welcome you to the wonderful city of Brightonand Hove; a vibrant cosmopolitan city that is home to two
universities, England’s largest arts festival, one of the world’s
strangest royal palaces, one and a half piers, and a beautiful
situation between the English Channel and the South Downs.
Just a short train ride from the capital, London-by-the-Sea is themost European of cities and prides itself on being different, more
open and welcoming than other places.
It is with great excitement then to be returning to Brighton andHove for the Sixth IAFOR European Conference series over a twoweek period that will see some 600 academics from more than 50 different countries come andexchange ideas, research and practices both formally in the academic sessions, and informally overcoffee, lunch, dinner, or drinks. Just like the city itself, this conference series is diverse and exciting,and promises the opportunity to expand professional networks and research partnerships; engage
in new, and consolidate old, friendships; and to be challenged and inspired.
There are many worrying trends internationally, including rises in regionalism, nationalism,
authoritarianism and parochialism. These have been evidenced throughout the world, as
peoples turn on each other. Conferences offer us the hope of human interaction, at the humanlevel, through cooperation and friendship, and unmediated by technology. IAFOR’s mission is topromote international exchange, to facilitate intercultural awareness, to encourage interdisciplinary
discussion, and to generate and share new knowledge, and we encourage you, as academics working
throughout the world, to forge friendships and working relationships with your fellow delegatesacross national, religious and disciplinary borders, and in pursuit of the research synergies thatdrive positive change.
The past few months have been an exciting time for the organisation, as we have collaborated on anumber of exciting interdisciplinary projects and initiatives, including a Silk Road Initiative, and an
Innovation and Value Initiative, which included a collaborative effort with the United Nations, andmore about which you can read later in the program. What is more, we have recently launched amembership programme, and if you enjoy this event, then please join and get involved.
I would like to thank the members of the IAFOR Academic Governing Board, the conference Organising
Committee members, our keynote and featured speakers, all our global partners, but most notably
the University of Sussex, Birkbeck, and UCL, and our university home in Japan, Osaka University,where IAFOR has a collaborative research centre in the Osaka School of International Public Policy(OSIPP). Last, but not least, I would like to thank the delegates from around the world, who make thisconference possible, and this organisation come alive.
We have so much to learn from each other and I am sure that you will come away from the conference
inspired!
Warmest regards,

Joseph Haldane
Chairman & CEO, IAFOR

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Mayor's Welcome Letter
Dear Delegates,
Welcome to the city of Brighton & Hove, a vibrant and diverse
centre of Arts and Culture.
Ever since the Prince Regent first visited in 1783, Brighton & Hovehas been England's most exciting seaside city, and today it's asvibrant, eccentric and cosmopolitan as ever. As Mayor, it’s my job
to represent our city to others and its civic life to the people wholive here… quite a job, considering the depth and breadth of ouroffer.
Our city has a bohemian and artistic atmosphere that can't befound anywhere else in the UK. We combine the modern with the traditional and the outlandish withthe everyday; tempting and treating visitors and residents alike with a unique cultural experience.
If you've never visited, I urge you to get out and about and make the most of the rich cultural mix –Regency architecture, pleasure pier, specialist shops, pavement cafés, lively arts and, of course, theexotic Royal Pavilion. Everything is within walking distance, so take time to explore and enjoy what
the city has to offer.
Our city–by-the-sea has a passion for creativity, a desire to look at things differently, and a friendlinessthat attracts visitors from all over the world.
Whether it’s the sea air that changes your perspective or the lively North Laine that buzzes day andnight, I am sure that Brighton & Hove has got that special something that will inspire.
I wish you every success with your conference and hope you have a long and enjoyable stay.
Councillor Dee Simson
Mayor of the City of Brighton & Hove

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Conference Theme

Surviving and Thriving:
In Pursuit of a Sustainable World
Religious, cultural and societal fractures have seen rises in authoritarianism and nationalism
across the world, and threats and perceived threats have been used to justify the stifling andmarginalisation of voices of opposition and dissent. Hard-won progress and freedoms are being
questioned and undermined, and questions of peace, security and human security abound. In thisperiod of great global social, economic, political and environmental instability, the future is formany a place of great uncertainty and fear.
However, in any period of great change, and undoubted challenge, there is also a great opportunity
to harness and nurture these forces. The future is not yet written, and the powerful heuristic ofsustainability has become a reality in many areas, where human creativity, imagination andtechnological advances have helped to make the world a better place. From small individual initiatives
within families, communities and places of work, to the larger and more long-term development
initiatives of governments and supranational institutions, exemplified by the UN’s 2030 goals,
human resourcefulness is being used in pursuit of the common goal of a sustainable world.
Cover Image | Snow Storm – Steam-Boat off a Harbour’s Mouth by J. M. W. Turner (1842)

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Conference
Guide
Conference at a Glance
Room Schedule
Floor Guide
Directions & Access
Lunch & Dinner
General Information
Presentation Guide
IAFOR Academic Grant & Scholarship Recipients
Professor Stuart D. B. Picken (1942–2016)
IAFOR Journals

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July 6, 2018

Friday Morning at a Glance
08:45-09:30		

Conference Registration & Morning Coffee | Renaissance Foyer (B1F)

09:30-09:40
			Opening Announcements | Renaissance Suite (B1F)
Kiyoshi Mana, Director of Events, IAFOR

09:40-09:50
Welcome Address | Renaissance Suite (B1F)
			Joseph Haldane, IAFOR
09:50-10:00

Recognition of IAFOR Scholarship Winners | Renaissance Suite (B1F)

10:00-10:50
						

Keynote Presentation | Renaissance Suite (B1F)
HIV – Environmental Phenomenon or Bodily Harm?
Matthew Weait, University of Portsmouth, UK

10:50-11:20		

Coffee Break | Renaissance Foyer (B1F)

11:20-12:10
			
			
			

Keynote Presentation | Renaissance Suite (B1F)
Contemporary Continuities: Racism, Populism and Migration
Eddie Bruce-Jones, Birkbeck College School of Law,
University of London, UK

12:10-12:25

IAFOR Documentary Photography Award | 2017 Winners Screening

12:25-12:30		

Conference Photograph | Atrium (1F)

12:30-13:30		

Lunch Break | Atrium Restaurant (1F)

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July 6, 2018

Friday Afternoon at a Glance
13:30-15:00

Parallel Session I

15:00-15:15		

Coffee Break | Library Terrace (2F)

15:15-16:45

Parallel Session II

16:45-17:00		

Coffee Break | Library Terrace (2F)

17:00-18:00
						

Keynote Presentation | Renaissance Suite (B1F)
Innovation for Low Carbon Energy: Are Power Utilities Ready?
Tom Houghton, Curtin University, Australia

18:00-19:30
			Conference Welcome Reception & Conference Poster Session| Library Terrace (2F)

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July 7, 2018

Saturday at a Glance
08:30-09:00		

Coffee, Tea and Pastries | Library Terrace (2F)

09:00-10:30

Parallel Session I

10:30-10:45		

Coffee Break | Library Terrace (2F)

10:45-12:45

Parallel Session II

12:45-13:45		

Lunch Break | Atrium Restaurant (1F)

13:45-15:15

Parallel Session III

15:15-15:30		

Coffee Break | Library Terrace (2F)

15:30-16:30
						

IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Session | Shelley Room (2F)
The Center vs. Periphery in the New Paradigm of Modernization
Ljiljana Markovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia

15:30-17:00

Parallel Session IV

17:00-17:15

Closing Remarks | Wordsworth (2F)

18:30-21:00

Official Conference Dinner (optional extra)

12 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)IAFOR Membership
IAFOR provides an excellent personal and professional environment for academics and scholarsof all ages and backgrounds to come together and exchange the latest ideas, and inform eachother’s perspectives through their own cultural and disciplinary background and experiences. We
are able to do this thanks to the exceptional network of individuals and institutions around theworld who support our work and help shape our exceptional events globally. We emphasise thenurturing and supporting of young academics from different backgrounds, providing mutual advice
and guidance, and offer more senior academics the chance to forge working relationships outsideof their traditional networks.
In a world where division and strife are underlined and played up in national and local contexts,
and political posturing frequently seeks to ostracise and demonise, IAFOR is committed to working
across cultural and national borders, and to work to bring people together. We believe that mature
human interaction and academic and cultural exchange are essential to offering positive versions of
the future, where cooperation happens with individuals and institutions who share a commitment tobridge divides, to being good global citizens, and to making the world a better place.
By becoming a member, you will become a stakeholder in the IAFOR mission of facilitating international
exchange, encouraging intercultural awareness, and promoting interdisciplinary discussion in thehope and expectation of generating and sharing new knowledge. Join us now in this growing globalorganisation, and help make a difference today.
To learn more about IAFOR membership, please visit: www.iafor.org/membership

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Friday Room Schedule
Library Terrace

Shelley RoomWordsworth Room

Renaissance Suite

09:30-12:30

–

–

–

Plenary Session I

13:30-15:00–

Globalization& Internationalization

Energy: Renewable
Energy & Environmental
Solutions–

15:15-16:45–

Politics, Public Policy,
Law & Criminology

Economic Sustainability:
Sustainable Businesses &CSR–

17:00-18:00

–

–

–

Plenary Session II

18:00-19:30

Poster Session& Welcome Reception

–

–

–

Saturday Room Schedule
Tennyson Room

Shelley Room

Keats RoomWordsworth Room

09:00-10:30

Economic Sustainability:
Environmental
Challenges & Economic
GrowthLinguistics

Environmental
Sustainability &Environmental
Management–

10:45-12:45

Economics& Management

Interdisciplinary
Perspectives on
Research & Knowledge

Environmental
Sustainability & Human
Consumption: Waste

Business Administration& Business Economics

13:45-15:15

Gender Studies

Education & Social
WelfareEnergy: Renewable
Energy & Environmental
Solutions

Workshop

15:30-17:00

Gender Studies–

Energy: Energy
Economics & Ecological
Economics–

17:00-17:15

–

–

–

Closing Remarks

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Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront

Floor Guide

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Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront

Directions & Access
By Rail from London
London is the hub of the UK’s rail network and it is easy to travel by train to Brighton from the major
London stations. The fastest direct travelling times from London to Brighton are:•••London Victoria – 56 minutes (direct)
London Bridge – 1 hour 3 minutes (direct)
London St Pancras – 1 hour 33 minutes (direct)

Rail services in the UK are operated by a number of private train operators. The main operators to
Brighton are Southern and First Capital Connect and all trains arrive into Brighton mainline station on
Queens Road. Regular rail connections also serve Hove, which is just a few minutes from Brighton byrail. Central Brighton and Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront are an easy 20-minute walk from Brighton
Station, but, if required, buses and taxis are both available at the front of the station.
If you are travelling from Europe, the Eurostar train arrives at London St Pancras, where there are
direct train connections to Brighton.

By Rail from Gatwick Airport
Trains from Gatwick to Brighton take approximately 30 minutes direct and run regularly. The Gatwick
South rail station is directly linked to Gatwick’s South Terminal and just a few minutes away from
North Terminal via a transit train link.

By Rail from Heathrow Airport
Take the London Underground to London Victoria and then a mainline train to Brighton. Alternatively,
take the Heathrow Express to Paddington and then the London Underground to Victoria and then amainline train to Brighton.

By Coach from Heathrow Airport
National Express is the major coach operator serving Brighton. Most international flights arrive at
Terminal 4 and 5 where a coach departs every hour. Brighton Coach Station is located next to Brighton
Palace Pier and is a two-minute walk from Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront. Further information isavailable on the National Express website (www.nationalexpress.com).
16 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)Lunch & Dinner
Lunch on Friday and Saturday is included in the conference registration fee.
Lunch will be provided in the Atrium Restaurant at Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront. Situated on thePromenade, with unrivalled views of the famous Brighton Palace Pier and the sea, the restaurant
serves a range of modern British and European dishes prepared by a talented team of chefs. Lunch
service includes an unlimited drinks bar (non-alcoholic), coffee station and dessert table.
Please remember to bring your name badge with you, as this will act as your lunch ticket.

Lunch Times
Lunch is available between the following times:
Friday		Saturday

12:30-13:30 		
12:45-13:45 		

Atrium Restaurant, Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront
Atrium Restaurant, Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront

Conference Dinner
The official Conference Dinner is a ticketed optional event (35 GBP). Please remember to bring yourname tag to the Conference Dinner. Conference Dinner attendees should meet at the Atrium (2F) at
18:30 on Saturday, July 7. The group leaves for the restaurant at 18:45. It takes approximately 10
minutes to walk to the restaurant.
Restaurant name: Donatello
Restaurant address: 1-3, Brighton Place, Brighton, BN1 1HJ

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General Information
Registration
You will be able to pick up your registration pack and name card at the Conference Registration Desk.
The Conference Registration Desk and Publications Desk will be situated in the following locations
during the conference:
Friday			08:45-12:30		Renaissance Foyer (B1F)
			13:00-17:00		Library Terrace (2F)
Saturday		
08:30-17:00		
Library Terrace (2F)
If you have any questions or concerns, IAFOR staff and volunteers will happily assist you in any way
they can.

Name Badges
When you check in, you will receive a registration pack, which includes your name badge. Wearing
your badge is required for entrance to the sessions. You must wear your badge at all times during
the conference. There are four colours of badges indicating the type of conference participant:
Blue: Presenters and Audience
Yellow: Keynote and Featured Speakers
Red: Conference Exhibitors and Affiliates
Black: IAFOR Staff

Internet Access
There is free Wi-Fi internet connection throughout the conference venue. However, this canbe unreliable and we would strongly suggest that you do not rely on a live connection for yourpresentation.

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General Information
Refreshment Breaks
Complimentary coffee, tea and water will be available during the scheduled coffee breaks at the
Plenary Session on Friday morning and on the Library Terrace during the rest of the conference.
Light snacks will be provided once in the morning and once in the afternoon.
Food and drink (excluding water) are not allowed in the presentation rooms.

Printing
For your convenience, we are able to offer a complimentary printing service of up to ten A4 sheets
should you need this. Please ask for assistance with printing and be advised that printing may not
be available at peak times.

Smoking
Smoking is not permitted in the Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront. Please smoke outside of the building
in designated smoking areas.

What to Wear & Bring
Attendees generally wear business casual attire. You may wish to bring a light jacket or sweater as
meeting rooms are air-conditioned and sometimes cool. Tour attendees are encouraged to wear
comfortable shoes and bring an umbrella or waterproof in case of rain.

Photo/Recording Waiver
Human interaction through networking and dissemination of this knowledge is at the core of what IAFOR
does as an academic research organisation, conference organiser and publisher. As part of the archivingof the conference event, IAFOR takes photos in and around the conference venue, and uses the photos todocument the event. This also includes the filming of certain sessions. We consider this documentation
important and provides evidence of our activities to members, partners and stakeholders all over theworld, as well as to current and potential attendees like you. Some of these photos will therefore appear
online and in print, including on social media. The above are the legitimate interests of the organisationthat we assert under the new European Union law on General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Under
this legislation, you have an absolute right to opt out of any photo. We are committed to protecting andrespecting your privacy. Read our full privacy policy – www.iafor.org/about/privacy-policy
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Presentation Guide
Conference Abstracts
All conference abstracts are available online. Please visit papers.iafor.org for a searchable databaseof abstracts.

Oral & Workshop Presentations
Oral Presentation Sessions will run from 13:30 on Friday afternoon and 09:00 on Saturday morning.
They are generally organised into parallel sessions by streams. Oral Presentations are normallyscheduled in sessions comprising three presentations, lasting 90 minutes in total. In sessions with
two Oral Presentations, the session will last 60 minutes, and in the case of four Oral Presentations,an extended session lasting 120 minutes will be scheduled.
The time in the sessions is to be divided equally between presentations. We recommend that an Oral
Presentation should last 15–20 minutes to include time for question and answers, but should last no
longer than 25 minutes. Any remaining session time may be used for additional discussion.

Equipment
All rooms will be equipped with a MacBook computer pre-installed with PowerPoint and Keynote
and connected to a LCD projector or LCD screen. If you wish, you may directly link your own PC
laptop, although we advise you to use the computer provided by plugging in your USB flash drive. We
recommend that you bring two copies of your presentation in case one fails, and suggest sending
yourself the presentation by email as a third and final precaution.

Session Chairs
Session Chairs are asked to introduce themselves and other speakers (briefly) using the provided
printouts of speaker bios, hand out the provided presentation certificates at the end of the session,
ensure that the session begins and ends on time, and that the time is divided fairly between thepresentations. Each presenter should have no more than 25 minutes in which to present his or her
paper and respond to any questions. The Session Chair is asked to assume this timekeeping role,and to this end yellow and red timekeeping cards are used as a visual cue for presenters, letting
them know when they have five minutes remaining, and when they must stop.
Please follow the order in the programme, and if for any reason a presenter fails to show up, pleasekeep to the original time slots as delegates use the programme to plan their attendance.
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Presentation Guide
Conference Poster Session
The Conference Poster Session is 90 minutes in length and takes place on Friday on the Library
Terrace from 18:00 to 19:30. The poster display boards are 1800 mm high x 1200 mm wide. Tapewill be provided for putting posters up. Please be aware that there are no on-site facilities forprinting posters.

Presentation Certificates
Poster Presenters can pick up a certificate of presentation from the Registration Desk. All otherpresenters will receive a certificate of presentation from their Session Chair or a member of staff at
the end of their session.

Conference Proceedings
The Conference Proceedings are published on the IAFOR website (papers.iafor.org), and can be
freely accessed as part of IAFOR’s research archive. All authors may have their full paper publishedin the online Conference Proceedings.
Full text submission is due by August 08, 2018 through the online system. The proceedings will be
published on September 08, 2018. Authors will have PDF copies of their offprints emailed to themby October 08, 2018.

A Polite Request to All ParticipantsParticipants are requested to arrive in a timely fashion for all presentations, whether to their own orto those of other presenters. Presenters are reminded that the time slots should be divided fairly andequally between the number of presentations, and that presentations should not overrun.
Participants should refrain from talking amongst themselves and ensure that mobile phones are
switched off or set to silent mode during presentations.

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IAFOR Academic Grant& Scholarship Recipients
Our warmest congratulations go to Anastasia P. Kiourtzoglou, who has been selected by theconference Organising Committees to receive an IAFOR Scholarship to present her research at The
European Conference on the Social Sciences 2018 (ECSS2018) and The European Conference on
Sustainability, Energy & the Environment 2018 (ECSEE2018).
IAFOR's grants and scholarships programme provides financial support to PhD students and early
career academics, with the aim of helping them pursue research excellence and achieve their academic
goals through interdisciplinary study and interaction. Awards are based on the appropriateness of theeducational opportunity in relation to the applicant's field of study, financial need, and contributions
to their community and to IAFOR's mission of interdisciplinarity. Scholarships are awarded based on
availability of funds from IAFOR and vary with each conference.
Find out more about IAFOR grants and scholarships: www.iafor.org/financial-support

Anastasia P. Kiourtzoglou
IAFOR Scholarship Recipient
Following various studies, which include an honors degree, a place in Who’s Who Among Students in
American Universities and Colleges, literary awards, and a multilingual and multicultural background,participation and presentations in diverse conferences and seminars, various publications, and a tenyear career in the Irish health system, Anastasia P. Kiourtzoglou is currently a PhD student in theCentre for Health Policy and Management at the School of Medicine at Trinity College Dublin. Her
research, the first to use conversation analysis in Ireland, is evaluating the impact of gender inequality
on medical encounters between female patients and GPs in Ireland and subsequently on preventionof NCDs.
Saturday13:45-14:15 | Tennyson Room (2F)The Failure of Sustainable Development Goals Due to Institutional Gender Inequality in Economics
Anastasia P. Kiourtzoglou, Trinity College Dublin, IrelandThis article examines the institutional gender inequality in Economics. The incorporation of genderequality in health policy can strengthen responses to health problems and reveal disparities createdby gender in health. It addresses the silence toward gender inequality within Economics by discussing
Economics’ co-evolution with healthcare and women’s status especially in Europe where major healthsystems and women’s movements commenced. Questions of interdependence, asymmetricallyreflective responsibility, and overall gender inequality are neglected by economic theories but are
key to re-introducing gender inequality in Economics. It highlights the importance of promoting theincorporation of gender equality norms and standards into Economics responses both vertically andhorizontally and for accountability. Linking directly Economics with gender equality at the global levelis essential to create fully-competent health systems competent to face and adjust to new standards,
demands, and needs created by globalisation, including different types of immigration and gender.

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The Reverend Professor
Stuart D. B. Picken (1942–2016)
The late Reverend Professor Stuart D. B. Picken began his distinguished career in academia asa Rotary Scholar on a research trip to Japan. A native of Scotland who had dedicated himself toreligious studies, he immediately became fascinated by Japanese culture and the practice of Shinto.
He was particularly drawn to the parallels and differences he saw in Western pedagogy comparedto that of the East and began a lifelong mission to bridge the communication and knowledge gap
between the two worlds.
Picken was appointed Professor of Philosophy at the International Christian University (ICU) in
1972. Here he turned his Western theological and philosophical training to comparative religious
and cultural studies of Japan, at a time when the country was emerging from the shadows of theSecond World War.
His groundbreaking and controversial work on suicide in Japan made his name within the country,
but it was his subsequent work on Shinto that influenced the rehabilitation of the religion at a time
when it was dismissed in the West as pagan and primitive, or unjustly caricatured for its wartime
associations.
Whether in his research or teaching, Picken devoted much of his life to increasing understanding
between his adopted country of Japan and the West, and in 2007 he was recognised with the Order of
the Sacred Treasure, an imperial decoration for his pioneering research and outstanding contribution
to the promotion of friendship and mutual understanding between Japan and the United Kingdom.
He also served as the International Adviser to the High Priest of the Tsubaki Grand Shrine, one ofJapan’s largest and oldest shrines.
From 2009 he was the founding Chairman of The International Academic Forum (IAFOR), where he
was highly active in helping nurture and mentor a new generation of academics, and facilitating
better intercultural and international awareness and understanding.
Stuart D. B. Picken was a cherished friend and an inspiration to IAFOR and its community of
supporters. In honour of Professor Picken and his dedication to academia, the ideals of intercultural
understanding and the principles of interdisciplinary study, IAFOR has created the Stuart D. B. Picken
Grant and Scholarship, an award supported by the Stuart D. B. Picken Memorial Fund. Awards will
be made to PhD students and early career academics who are in need of funding to complete
their research, and whose work demonstrates excellence in the core values of academic rigour,intercultural sensitivity and interdisciplinarity.
Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 23

www.iafor.org/journals

IAFOR Journals

the iaforjournal of
education
Volume 6 – Issue 2 – Summer 2018
Editor: Yvonne Masters

ISSN: 2187-0594

24 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

The International Academic Forum’s journals conform to the highest academic standards ofinternational peer review, and are published in accordance with IAFOR’s commitment to make all ofour published materials available online.

How are journal editors appointed?
Journal editors are appointed by The International Academic Forum’s leadership, under the guidance of theInternational Advisory Board. The term of appointment is for one issue, to be renewed by mutual consent.

How do we ensure academic integrity?
Once appointed, the journal editor is free to appoint his or her own editorial team and advisory
members. All papers published in the journal have been subjected to the rigorous and accepted
processes of academic peer review. Neither editors nor members of the editorial team are remunerated
for their work. Authors will never be asked to contribute to publication costs.

How are papers selected?
Journal editors may accept papers through an open call, and proposed articles may be sent directly tothe respective editors. A small number of papers from the associated Conference Proceedings may also
be selected by the journal editor(s) for reworking and revising, subject to normal processes of review. It
is expected that between five and ten percent of papers included in any given Conference Proceedings
will be selected for consideration and potential publication in the associated conference journal.

How are IAFOR journals related to IAFOR conferences?
IAFOR’s journals reflect the interdisciplinary and international nature of our conferences andare organised thematically. Papers included in the associated Conference Proceedings may beconsidered for reworking by the editor(s), and are then subjected to the same processes of peer
review as papers submitted by other means.

Journal Editors
IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities
Alfonso J. García Osuna, Hofstra University, USA

IAFOR Journal of Literature & Librarianship
Dr Richard Donovan, Kansai University, Japan

IAFOR Journal of Asian Studies
Dr Seiko Yasumoto, University of Sydney, Australia

IAFOR Journal of Media, Communication & Film
Dr Celia Lam, University of Nottingham
Ningbo China, China

IAFOR Journal of Business & Management
Dr Anshuman Khare, Athabasca University, Canada
IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies
Professor Holger Briel, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, China
IAFOR Journal of Education
Dr Yvonne Masters, University of New England,
Australia
IAFOR Journal of Ethics, Religion & Philosophy
Professor Lystra Hagley-Dickinson, Plymouth
Marjon University, UK
IAFOR Journal of Language Learning
Professor Melinda Cowart, Texas Woman’s
University, USA

IAFOR Journal of Politics, Economics & Law
Dr Craig Mark, Kyoritsu Women’s University, Japan
IAFOR Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral
Sciences
Dr Shahrokh Shafaie, Southeast Missouri State
University, USA
Dr Deborah G. Wooldridge, Bowling Green State
University, USA
IAFOR Journal of the Social Sciences
Dr Tingting Ying, Ningbo University ofTechnology, China

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 25

Friday, July 6 | 18:00-19:30 | Library Terrace (2F)

Conference Welcome Reception
Join fellow delegates for a drink or two at the Conference Welcome Reception. This
event provides a great opportunity for delegates to network and get to know eachother. All registered presenters and audience members are welcome to attend.
Admission is included in the conference registration fee.

26 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

Friday
July 6Plenary Session
Speakers will provide a variety of perspectives from different academic andprofessional backgrounds on the conference theme. These presentations will berecorded so please ensure that mobile phones are switched off or set to silent mode.

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08:45-19:30 | Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront

Friday Plenary Session
08:45-09:30		

Conference Registration & Morning Coffee | Renaissance Foyer (B1F)

09:30-09:40		
			Opening Announcements | Renaissance Suite (B1F)
Kiyoshi Mana, Director of Events, IAFOR

09:40-09:50		
Welcome Address | Renaissance Suite (B1F)
			Joseph Haldane, IAFOR
09:50-10:00		

Recognition of IAFOR Scholarship Winners | Renaissance Suite (B1F)

10:00-10:50								Keynote Presentation | Renaissance Suite (B1F)
HIV – Environmental Phenomenon or Bodily Harm?
Matthew Weait, University of Portsmouth, UK

10:50-11:20		

Coffee Break | Renaissance Foyer (B1F)

11:20-12:10								Keynote Presentation | Renaissance Suite (B1F)
Contemporary Continuities: Racism, Populism and Migration
Eddie Bruce-Jones, Birkbeck College School of Law, University of London, UK

12:10-12:25		

IAFOR Documentary Photography Award | 2017 Winners Screening

12:25-12:30		

Conference Photograph | Atrium (1F)

12:30-13:30		

Lunch Break | Atrium Restaurant (1F)

13:30-15:00		

Parallel Session I

15:00-15:15		

Coffee Break | Library Terrace (2F)

15:15-16:45		

Parallel Session II

16:45-17:00		

Coffee Break | Library Terrace (2F)

17:00-18:00		
						

Keynote Presentation | Renaissance Suite (B1F)
Innovation for Low Carbon Energy: Are Power Utilities Ready?
Tom Houghton, Curtin University, Australia

18:00-19:30		

Conference Conference Poster Session & Welcome Reception | Library Terrace (2F)

28 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

Keynote Presentation | Matthew Weait

HIV – Environmental Phenomenon or Bodily
Harm?
Friday, July 6 | 10:00-10:50 | Renaissance Suite (B1F)

Across the world, countries criminalize people who intentionally or recklessly expose others to therisk of acquiring HIV, or who in fact transmit HIV to them. The rationale for such criminalization
typically centers on the harmfulness of HIV – and that it is not only morally wrong to cause, or risk
causing, HIV infection but that the state has a legitimate justification for using the criminal law inthe service of protecting and promoting public health. In this talk, I will explore the basis for, and thehistory of, the criminalization of HIV, but argue that – for the purposes of the criminal law, but not for
those relating to the allocation of resources for prevention and treatment – it may be possible to "deharm" HIV by acknowledging that it is, fundamentally, an environmental phenomenon and shouldbe treated as such. The argument is, and is intended to be, a provocative one, but one which mightenable us to reduce and ultimately eliminate HIV-related stigma – something that is demonstrably
correlated with a poorer health outcome for people living with HIV, and those in key populations(such as drug users and sex workers) who are at increased risk of infection.

Matthew Weait
Matthew Weait is Professor of Law and Society, and Dean of theFaculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University ofPortsmouth. He studied law and criminology at the University ofCambridge, and gained his DPhil from the University of Oxford.
He qualified as a barrister and is a Bencher of the Honourable
Society of the Middle Temple. In 2017 he was made a Fellow of
the Academy of Social Sciences. He has worked at a number ofuniversities, including Oxford, Keele, and Birkbeck, University of
London – where he was a founder member of the Law Department.
He has held visiting positions at Oxford, Cardozo Law School, theAmerican Bar Foundation, and the University of British Columbia. Matthew’s research is concernedwith the impact of law, especially criminal law and criminal justice process, on people living withHIV and AIDS and on efforts to prevent the spread of HIV. He has been a consultant for UNAIDS andwas a member of the Technical Advisory Group for the Global Commission on HIV and Law, which
reported in 2012. He is an advisor to the European AIDS Treatment Group, and a trustee of Watipa – acharity that provides educational opportunities to young people in developing countries.

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 29

Keynote Presentation | Eddie Bruce-Jones

Contemporary Continuities: Racism,
Populism and Migration
Friday, July 6 | 11:20-12:10 | Renaissance Suite (B1F)

From a legal-historical perspective, it is not difficult to draw the lines from the early 20th-Century
populism of the great wars to contemporary expressions of populism in Europe and the United States:from the scaling back of civil liberties, to the broadening forms of surveillance, to the curtailment of
free movement, to an emphasis on the carceral capacity of the state. However, it is important not toprovincialise or exceptionalise this social and political trajectory. It is imperative to consider global
forms of colonialism in this context as productive of the continuities of racism and populism. It isequally important to examine the ways in which such continuities we now face themselves affect theways we produce knowledge within the academy.
In this talk, Bruce-Jones will introduce several vignettes from his research on British colonial indenture
in South Asia and racial discrimination in Europe to unpack how historical colonial racial and labour
relations shape not only the way we view our history and contemporary citizenship, but also the very
terms in which we are able to gain access to that history as researchers, writers and thinkers. He will
engage with law, social science, critical theory and literature and ultimately posit that some of themost meaningful questions we ask of our work as academics in the 21st Century demand a constanttriangulation between and transcendence of the rigid constraints of our disciplines.

Eddie Bruce-Jones
Eddie Bruce-Jones (DPhil, Berlin; LLM, KCL; JD, Columbia; MA,
Berlin; AB, Harvard) is Deputy Dean at Birkbeck College Schoolof Law, University of London, where he teaches and researches
in the areas of human rights, European law, legal theory, equality
law and legal anthropology. He is author of Race in the Shadowof Law: State Violence in Contemporary Europe (Routledge, 2016),
and co-author of the forthcoming Anti-Discrimination Law:
Texts, Cases and Materials, 3rd Edition (with Aileen McColgan,
Hart, 2019). His scholarly writing can be found in the Columbia
Human Rights Law Review, Race & Class and the UCLA Journal ofInternational Law and Foreign Affairs. He currently serves as Assistant Director of Birkbeck’s Centre
for Critical European Law and is a visiting scholar at the Max Planck Institute for European Legal
History, in Frankfurt, Germany, for his ongoing research on the British colonial indenture system. He
is a member of the New York Bar and an Associate Academic Fellow of the Honourable Society of
the Inner Temple. He serves on the Board of Governors of Birkbeck College, the Editorial Board of the
Journal of Asylum, Immigration and Nationality Law, the Board of Trustees of the UK Lesbian and
Gay Immigration Group and the Board of Directors of the Institute of Race Relations.

30 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

Keynote Presentation | Tom Houghton

Innovation for Low Carbon Energy: Are Power
Utilities Ready?
Friday, July 6 | 17:00-18:00 | Renaissance Suite (B1F)

The electricity sector is experiencing a period of unprecedented change with factors such as
the shift to low carbon energy and increasingly volatile fossil fuel markets creating challenging
conditions for established utilities. Often seen as poorly equipped to meet these challenges,
utilities must nevertheless innovate in order to address this squeeze, frequently referred to interms of a “death-spiral” for incumbent firms. In this paper, we discuss different approaches toinnovation, focusing particularly on the role of strategic networks in providing firms with costeffective means to meet the challenges associated with issues such as shortening development
cycles. We present some examples of how companies in the power sector are attempting to use
these approaches and discuss the implications of this in terms of approaches to collaboration,
capacity building and internal processes.

Tom Houghton
Dr Tom Houghton is Director of the MBA (Oil & Gas) at Curtin
Graduate School of Business, Australia, and was previously a
Research Fellow at the University of Strathclyde, UK. His principal
field of research is sustainable energy economics and he has akeen interest in energy for development, having established atraining program in Renewable Energy for Developing Countries
with UNITAR. Dr Houghton is a Visiting Professor at Nagoya
University of Commerce and Business, Japan, where he provides
courses in sustainable energy to MBA students. Before joining
Strathclyde he spent more than five years in the power industry
and a further eight in the banking sector, latterly as director at the Japanese bank Nomura. With
colleagues in Asia and the United States, he established a consulting company in the renewableenergy sector in 2011. Dr Houghton holds an MEng from Imperial College, an MBA from London
Business School and a PhD from the University of Strathclyde.

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 31

THINK.IAFOR.ORG
THE ACADEMIC PLATFORM
THINK.IAFOR.ORG is IAFOR’s online magazine, launched in early 2016. THINK
is an ambitious project conceived by academics, for academics, with the following
objectives:
To provide an international, far-reaching platform for the best researchpresented at IAFOR conferences;
To make original, high-quality, thought-provoking multimedia content
freely accessible to a wide readership;
To facilitate the opportunity for academics to step outside of the
traditional research publishing status quo – to get creative, explore
different disciplines and to have their ideas heard, shared and discussed
by a diverse, global academic audience.
Content published on THINK spans a wide variety of disciplines and the format isvaried, encompassing full research papers, long-form journalism, opinion pieces,creative writing, interviews, podcasts, video, photography, artwork and more.
Current contributing authors include leading academics such as Professor Svetlana
Ter-Minasova, Professor A. Robert Lee, Professor Bill Ashcroft and Professor J. A.
A. Stockwin.
Get involved by visiting the website, following us on Facebook and Twitter andsigning up to our e-newsletter.
facebook.com/ThinkIAFOR
twitter.com/ThinkIAFORSUBMIT TO THINKWe are currently accepting submissions for publication in 2018. We welcome
photographs to accompany articles, as well as topical photo-essays.
Submissions should be between 500 and 2,500 words and sent topublications@iafor.org. Please include “THINK submission” in the subject line.

Friday
July 6
Oral Presentations

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13:30-15:00 | Shelley Room (2F)

Friday Session I

Globalization and Internationalization
Session Chair: Mustafa Taha
42153

13:30-14:00 | Shelley Room (2F)The Geostrategic Analysis of Chinese Belt Road Development Strategy

Jianguang Ma, National University of Defense Technology, China
Yidan Liu, National University of Defense Technology, China
Aihua Yang, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, China
In recent years, the Chinese government has proposed "The Belt and Road Initiative" to positively cope with challenges from home andabroad and promote all-round opening to the outside world. It is an important measure to balance development between domestic andinternational markets, and promote the regional and sub regional cooperation."The Belt and Road" provides a new geopolitical view anda new definition of openness and inclusiveness, projects a new geopolitical relations between Chinese and countries along the Belt and
Silk Road, builds a development platform for the realization of common development and win-win cooperation between China and othercountries. It is significant to expand the development space of Chinese geo-economics, to create a peaceful and stable regional security
environment, and to enhance China’s regional influence. This paper, based on the view of geopolitics, analyzes the background andsignificance of development strategy of "The Belt and Road", the geo strategy objectives to construct "The Belt and Road", and answer
questions such as what strategic resources it relies on, what geopolitical risks that may be faced, and finally what path is needed. It is
concluded that China should uphold the spirit of peaceful development, openness and tolerance, mutual learning and mutual cooperation
and win-win cooperation, insist the principle of "discuss together, jointly sponsor and enjoy together", cope with the risks and challenges
along the Silk Road, jointly build national interest community, responsibility community and community with a shared future, and makethe Initiative a model of "community of destiny" of human.
42439

14:00-14:30 | Shelley Room (2F)

Sustainability and Security: A Conflicted Policy Imperative

Cristina Varriale, Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies, UKJohn Louth, Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies, UK
Sustainability can be defined as the ability to maintain a certain level of societal, organisational or individual performance for an enduring
period of time. It is linked closely to notions of resilience and agility, repeated themes of the security policy discourse. This paper explores
the, often, conflicted public policy narrative between the intent for enduring economic and social sustainability and the broader policy
imperative for secure, resilient and agile states. Fusing the literatures on sustainability, agility, resilience and security, the authors consider
the Korean peninsula as a suitable case study for exploring the tensions between the policy ambitions around sustainability and security.
In this context they unveil ideas around the sustainability or otherwise of security policy. In constructing an analysis the authors identify
that there are three major challenges with considering the sustainability of security: 1) Politics and societies have become increasingly
diverse, and the knock-on effects of changes in one area can be hard to predict, creating an additional challenge for security bureaucrats;2) with immediate pressures driving governments, ever limited resources can detract from a birds-eye/ long term view; 3) because ofpoints 1 and 2, addressing security solely through government policy may not be the most appropriate way of achieving constructs ofsustainability or a sustainable security policy. To conclude, the authors critically reflect upon the growing public-private discourse relating
to notions of security and their sustainment.
40101

14:30-15:00 | Shelley Room (2F)

Applying Fisher and Keashly's (1991) Contingency Model to the US/European Mediation in Kosovo: A Critical
Perspective
Mustafa Taha, American University of Sharjah, UAE

This paper examines US/European mediation to resolve the conflict in Kosovo during the period from March 1998 to May 1999. An
escalation of violence between Serbs and Kosovar Albanians during this period threatened peace and security in southeastern Europe
and required third-party mediation. The paper envisages Fisher and Keashly’s (1991) contingency model for third-party intervention andexamines its applicability to the conflict in Kosovo. It utilizes the main elements of the contingency approach to mediation with a special
emphasis on the notions of “complementarity” and “consultation” in international mediation. Informed by the work of Web, Koutrakkou,
and Walters (1996), on the ethnic Yugoslavia, the paper uses their modifications to the contingency model and adapts to Kosovo. It
discusses the role of the United States and the European countries in mediating the conflict between the Serbs and Kosovar Albanians.
It explains the difference between the Rambouillet peace plan and the G-8 peace plan and shows why Milosevic accepted the latter. The
paper assesses the value of Fisher and Keashly’s contingency model in explaining escalation and de-escalation of the conflict with a
special emphasis on “sequencing and coordination” of third party roles.

34 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

13:30-15:00 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Friday Session I

Energy: Renewable Energy and Environmental Solutions
Session Chair: Richard Kotter
42353

13:30-14:00 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Reducing the Environmental Impact of School Buildings Through Better Design: A Case Study in Pakistan
Shakil Rehman Sheikh, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Nouman Ghafoor, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Atiq ur Rehman, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Muzammil Ghaffar, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan

Buildings in under-developed countries like Pakistan, use nearly 50% of total primary energy used. Buildings in Pakistan produce about
1/3 of total Carbon Emissions. Reducing carbon emissions is now becoming a priority in Pakistan. One way of achieving this goal is tominimize energy consumed by buildings. It has been observed that Energy conservation in schools can, not only provide major cost saving
for the schools but can also be instrumental in reducing carbon emissions in the country. For the purpose of this study a local school
was selected for in-depth energy analysis. The selected school was built in 2004. The building of the school is a double storey structurewith 44 classrooms and a floor area of 2240 m2. Analysis (using TRNSYS software) shows that if the building had been designed withconsideration for energy savings, up to 30% energy conservation could have been achieved. Other measures like improvement in window
glazing (18.21%), Lighting (8.7%), gas heating (21.53%) and behavior pattern (10%) might also result in substantial savings. The total
achievable savings, represent approximately 53% of the energy cost of the School building. Additionally, these energy savings equate toan average annual greenhouse gas emissions savings of 62 tonnes of CO2. The education system of Pakistan is comprised of 303,446
educational institutions and is facilitating nearly 47.5 million students at any given time. The immensity of these figures highlights themassive opportunity that exists in this area alone, for mitigating global environmental impact of energy usage.
41539

14:00-14:30 | Wordsworth Room (2F)Electricity Generation from Renewable Sources: Algerian Cases (the Situation and Prospects)
Amina Mekhelfi, University of Ouargla, Algeria
Fatima Zohra Ben Seghier, E.N.S.S.E.A Kolea School, Algeria
Djeloul Benanaya, University of Khemis Miliana, Algeria

The world is witnessing fast population growth. So, life needs are increasing especially, energy which is considered nowadays, as thesinews of life and the decisive factor in economic growth. Fossil energy is the most widespread and exploited, because it is the mainstayof the economy of the most countries, mainly the producing countries. But all countries are worried about the danger of energy depletionon the one hand, and on the other hand, fossil energy is the main cause of environmental pollution and global warming due to waste
gases. The volatility of the oil market and its impacts on world economy drive all countries to seek for another alternative instead of fossil
energy to meet world needs in all aspects of life, mainly electricity generation from renewable energies. Algeria may play a role in thisfuture, a major role in the field of renewable energies because of the diversity of its natural resources.This research aims at diagnosing
world renewable energies exploitation, as well as highlighting the renewable energies position in Algeria while referring to Algeria's efforts
in this field. The study results show that Algeria possesses high potential in the field of renewable energies, in addition to political efforts
tending towards reinforcing and developing renewable energy policy. However, generation of renewable energy represents only 5.5%of total fossil energy. This ratio is still low in comparison with the Algerian energy potential. As a result, Algeria has little experience inrenewable energy technologies because it relies on fossil energy and well mastered techniques.
42422

14:30-15:00 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Business Models for Vehicle to Grid (V2G)
Richard Kotter, Northumbria University, UK
Geoff O'Brien, Northumbria University, UKGhanim Putrus, Northumbria University, UK
Yue Wang, Northumbria University, UK
Ridoy Das, Northumbria University, UK
Edward Bentley, Northumbria University, UK
Xuwei Dai, Northumbria University, UK

The variable nature of renewable energy has consequences for electricity supply control and management. The control of the electricity
grid in most European countries is premised on the ready availability of high energy density fossil fuels, use of which for electricity
production (including for electrified transport) leads to adverse environmental impacts. There is progress in using renewable energy
sources for electricity generation but they are low density and variable with implications for grid control and management. A projected risein the use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) produces considerable interest in the impact on grid control, and using the energy storage capacityof EVs as a means for helping with grid management. The EV battery can provide an important service to the grid by providing storage toenable both import and export of power from/to the grid, termed Vehicle to Grid (V2G). Other methods of regulating the intermittent natureof renewables are to use (in addition) stationary batteries. V2G means that the EV battery can be used for peak lopping and frequency
stabilisation. Technologies for such power sharing are developing with commercial demonstrators under test. There need to be businessmodels ensuring that EV owners are rewarded for allowing their vehicles to be used for V2G as the EVs cannot then simultaneously be
used for transport use and EV batteries may experience additional degradation. There also needs to be a system for ensuring that EVs
used for grid management are sufficiently re-charged to meet user needs.

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 35

15:15-16:45 | Shelley Room (2F)

Friday Session II

Politics, Public Policy, Law and Criminology
Session Chair: Uchenna Akpom
41482

15:15-15:45 | Shelley Room (2F)

The “P” of Poor in “Participation”: A Comparative Case Study Examining Linkage Between Participatory
Governance and Poverty Reduction
Chandni Girija, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India

Participation is linked with all three aspects of poverty – access, income and power. Citizens’ participation in decision-making impacts
their economic condition and overall well-being. After nearly two decades of decentralisation process, there was a growing need toanalyse its economic impact. This was particularly relevant in states such as Kerala which have demonstrated to be successful
participatory governance models. Following a qualitative approach nested under the conceptual framework of governance theory, thisstudy endeavoured to explore the linkage between participatory governance and poverty reduction. It undertook a comparative casestudy of two panchayats of Kerala with contrasting socio-economic conditions: Adat, a panchayat decorated with many awards for its
innovative projects and situated next to Thrissur city, and Thirunelly, a remote panchayat on Kerala-Karnataka border harbouring thehighest concentration of tribals in the state. It encompassed fifty-five semi-structured interviews of various stakeholders. The study
revealed that the experience of participation and economic development differed notably across the panchayats. Prevailing sociopolitical conditions influenced people’s mobilisation thereby varyingly impacting the stages of decentralisation. While one panchayat
had been able to benefit from participatory mechanisms people of the other panchayat languished many decades behind coping with
exploitation and deprivation. This study emphasised a need for large-scale quantitative research to measure direct impact of participatory
mechanisms on poverty. If the former does not prove to translate into the latter, the discourse of participation, and related policies, needs
to be radically revised or done away with.
41238

15:45-16:15 | Shelley Room (2F)An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of the Location of Military Bases on Property Crime Rates in the United States
Uchenna Akpom, University of West Alabama, USA

Interest by researchers in the determinants of crime has continued despite the volume of research on this subject. Areas of interest to
researchers have included regional factors such as unemployment rate, government spending, poverty rate, gross domestic product, law
enforcement size and expenditures. In addition, individual level factors such as family structure, age, and education, have been studied.
Despite the volume of study, not much is known about the relationship between the location of military bases and property crime rates.
This paper analyzes the effect of military base location on property crime rates in the United States using city-level data for 2014. Data forthis study was obtained from the Federal Bureau of Investigation Crime Reporting Statistic. The U.S. Department of Justice, through its
agency, the FBI, collects and reports data on crime rates and enforcement by federal, state, and local levels annually since 1930 however,in 1985, the program was redesigned, and the program has continued to date. The dependent variable of interest is property crime which
includes, property crime rate, burglary rate, larceny-theft rate, motor vehicle theft rate. The independent variables include city economic
variables, and demographic variables. Multiple regression analysis employing the Box-Cox 1964 power transformation model is usedin this study. The results of this study will provide additional insight on the variations in property crime rates among cities in the UnitedStates. and aid in the allocation of property crime policy tools.
41493

16:15-16:45 | Shelley Room (2F)

Comparing Obama and Trump in Developing Welfare
Carmina Serrano-Lanzuela, Universidad Complutense, Spain

My paper studies the similarities and differences in implementing measures of antitrust, healthcare, energy and institutional reform in the
United States by the Obama and Trump Administrations in order to develop the welfare state and channel the idea of sustainable progress.
I will start by reasoning how welfare is conceptualized as a standard measure of progress, that is, a tangible realization of progress. I willcontinue by analysing legislation on these policies passed by either Administration in order to meet each policy’s goals, and will conclude
by establishing the degree of accomplishment of the different goals to date, the reason why they were selected in the first place and what
this choice reveals about each Administration. With this purpose in mind I will be using welfare measurements “beyond GDP” such as the
NWI – National Welfare Interest. Individually or combined together, these policies take a large share of a nation’s budget and can have a
direct effect on the individual and on a nation’s economic and social progress. A comparative analysis of these policies serves to describe
the current scenario in American politics, how the latter compares to Obama’s (his Administration’s were recession-induced plans toreform welfare), and the lessons to be learnt from the past.

36 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

15:15-16:45 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Friday Session II

Economic Sustainability: Sustainable Businesses and CSR
Session Chair: Margarita Pavlova
42432

15:15-15:45 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Requirements for Integrated, Holistic and Stakeholder-Centered Multi-Method Approaches to Sustainability
Assessment: A Theoretical and Empirical Study
Jan Bitter, RWTH Aachen University, Cybernetics Lab IMA & IfU, Germany
Daniela Janssen, RWTH Aachen University, Cybernetics Lab IMA & IfU, Germany
René Vossen, RWTH Aachen University, Cybernetics Lab IMA & IfU, Germany
Frank Hees, RWTH Aachen University, Cybernetics Lab IMA & IfU, Germany

One key element of furthering sustainable development in politics, society, economy and technology is analyzing and assessing thesustainability of products, processes, strategies and organizations. For this, there are numerous approaches to sustainability assessment.
Due to the multi-perspective, multi-dimensional and complex nature of sustainability issues, an increasing number of approaches aims
at integrated, holistic assessments, that is, regarding multiple sustainability dimensions, life cycle phases, input types or stakeholderperspectives. To realize this, a growing focus lies on multi-method or combined approaches and those including participatory, democratic
or expert-based methods. Due to this variety and rapid developments, as of yet, there is no systematic overview of general and situationspecific requirements for integrated, holistic and stakeholder-centered multi-method approaches to sustainability assessment. This
impedes structured comparisons and well-founded selection of suitable approaches for respective assessment situations, as suitability
and fulfillment level of requirements are neither comprehensible nor verifiable. To fill this gap, the objective of the proposed work is todevelop a comprehensive set of requirements for sustainability assessment approaches. The development is based on two pillars: firstly,
existing approaches and requirements sets are analyzed extensively based on the relevant literature to deduce an initial requirements
selection. Secondly, semi-structured, qualitative interviews are conducted and evaluated to gather and systemize insights fromsustainability assessment experts from science and practice and develop a comprehensive set of requirements. The expected results willcontribute to developing a holistic systematization and comparison framework and, thus, facilitate well-founded approach selection. This
fosters sustainable development by providing valid and credible assessment results.
41404

15:45-16:15 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Investments in Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Practices and the Value of Cash Holdings:
Evidence from Canada
Eloisa Perez, MacEwan University, Canada
Evandro Bocatto, MacEwan University, Canada

In this paper, we examine the value effects of investments in Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) practices by focusing on thevaluation of cash holdings. Our main argument is that shareholders value one dollar of cash at a premium when it is invested in companies
that follow a more stringent ESG strategy. ESG initiatives are value-enhancing investments if they enable companies to acquire resourcesthat are unique, valuable and inimitable (Barney 1991), and if they receive the support of key stakeholders (Freeman 1984). Therefore, byinternalizing these resources, companies create a sustainable competitive advantage that ultimately increases firm value. ESG practices
include a wide array of activities, however, the majority of these initiatives are discretionary and require substantial cash investments. Our
results support the stakeholders theory by showing that 1) the same dollar of cash is more valuable in firms that have a clear orientation
towards adopting high standards of corporate governance; 2) have a clear environmental policy, and a social and environmental strategy
that is embedded into their overall corporate strategy; and 3) understand that the management of complex and dynamic environments,
such as the current competitive environment, require superior managerial capabilities from companies’ executives and board members,
as it requires the successful coordination of multiple stakeholders. By creating this so-called “good management” (Freeman 1984),
managers ultimately determine and secure the survival of their organizations and deliver results in a more efficient and effective way
them those who are still working exclusively within the paradigm of shareholder wealth maximization.
42058

16:15-16:45 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Effective Green Partnership for the Hotel Industry: A Perspective from Hong Kong Cases Studies
Margarita Pavlova, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

It is widely accepted that vocational and professional education training (VPET) is a key partner in boosting social and economic
advancement of societies by building human capital and therefore, facilitating smooth transitions towards a low-carbon economy.
However, not many studies have addressed the development of green skills at the VPET level, nor have they considered the ways VPET
should respond to skill challenges associated with environmental concerns and climate change. One of the ways to explore the issue
is through analysis of greening practices in industry. This highlights the ways in which VPET is contributing, or can contribute, towards
development of required skills. This paper examines common environmentally friendly operations in the hotel industry; reveals existing
drivers for addressing environmental/sustainability challenges; explores upskilling strategies and staff training programs adopted in
the hotel industry in Hong Kong. A particular focus of this analysis is the use and influence of partnerships on existing processes andon how greening the hospitality industry can be improved through the partnerships. The article adopted a theoretical model developed
from the quintuple helix model to understand the interactions between different partners (particularly the hotel industry, government and
VPET in Hong Kong) and the ways the flow of knowledge and innovation can promote knowledge production in support of sustainable
development (Carayannis et. al., 2012). This model also suggests ways to improve partnerships among parties pertaining to greening
skills development, which ultimately help support the greening of Hong Kong’s economy.

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Submit your research to the

IAFOR Journal of
the Social Sciences
The IAFOR Journal of the Social Sciences is an internationally reviewed andeditorially independent interdisciplinary journal associated with IAFOR’s international
conferences on the social sciences. Like all IAFOR publications, it is freely available toread online, and is free of publication fees for authors. The first issue was publishedin December 2013, and the journal continues to publish annually.
Editor: Dr Tingting Ying
ISSN: 2187-0640
Contact: ijss@iafor.org / publications@iafor.org

Aims & Scope
The IAFOR Journal of the Social Sciences publishes original, peer-reviewed articles
that contribute to the theoretical basis as well as practical basis on all aspects of social
sciences. Original articles submitted related to social science by academic researchers,
professionals, theorists, practicing teachers, policy makers are welcome. Fields coveredby the IAFOR Journal of the Social Sciences include economics, finance, management,
marketing, international business, international relations, public policy, anthropology,
communication studies, education, history, geography, linguistics, political science,
psychology and sociology. This journal also publishes interdisciplinary research onpolitical economy, geopolitical issues, behavioral finance, international institutions andother related areas. The journal is international in scope, with no preference for any
specific country or geographic location. The journal provides a way for academics,
policymakers and members of the business community to exchange views and share
information and research about emerging markets.
Full papers submitted to the related IAFOR Conference Proceedings researchrepositories will also be considered if the version submitted to the journal is revisedand differs from the previously published article by at least 30 percent. All papers arereviewed equally according to standard peer review processes, regardless of whether
or not the authors have attended a related IAFOR conference. This journal may publish
special issues, depending on the number of submissions related to one particular topic.
For more information please visit:www.ijss.iafor.org

38 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

Friday
July 6
Poster Presentations

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18:00-19:30 | Library Terrace (2F)

Friday Poster Session
41356

18:00-19:30 | Library Terrace (2F)The Importance of the ISO9000 Certification on the Financial Results of Portuguese Pharmacies
Jose Miguel Soares, ISEG Lisbon School of Economics & Management, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Fernanda Mendes, European University & Laureate International Universities, Portugal

In the last decades, quality management has become an essential tool for companies looking to gain sustainability and competitive
advantage, and thus survive an increasingly competitive market. Portuguese pharmacies were no exception, and implemented mechanisms
capable of boosting their financial and operational results. This work aims to study the relationship between the pharmacies certified by
ISO 9000 and non-certified pharmacies, in the year 2015 in Portugal, and the impact that this certification caused on the financial resultspresented by these companies in the same year. In this study, the relationship between some financial ratios of Portuguese pharmacies(Return on Equity, Return on Used Capital, Profit Margin, Solvency Ratio and Liquidity Ratio) was analyzed through a Mann-Whitney
econometric test, comparing the results with a sample of pharmacies that did not obtain certification by ISO 9000. Based on this study,
it is concluded that in Portuguese pharmacies the existence of ISO 9000 certification is not relevant to the financial results apart fromonly two variables, Return on Equity and Return on Capital used, where there is a significant and positive difference. In the other variables
studied, the existence, or not, of the certification has no influence on the results. Finally, it is also concluded that the variable Returnon Equity is strongly influenced by the existence of the ISO certification, since this ratio oscillates strongly in the comparison between
certified pharmacies versus non-certified pharmacies.
41135

18:00-19:30 | Library Terrace (2F)

Plant Microbial Fuel Cell: Experimental Data and Future Applications
Giada Daga, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Elena Comino, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Tonia Tommasi, Politecnico di Torino, Italy

Plant microbial fuel cell are bioelectrochemical systems converting chemical reactions naturally occurring between the rhizosphere regionof a plant and bacteria, into electricity. Derived from traditional Microbial fuel cell, P-MFC is distinguished by its capacity to turn solar
energy and organic substrates into bioelectricity, in-situ and without external input. Initially studied to be applied in wetlands, P-MFC canpotentially be integrated in any vegetation area with low environmental risks, both for the energy generation and water quality sensing.
This work is focused on the main factors limiting PMFC application: the low energy production and the cost of the materials used for theelectrodes design. First of all, a description of P-MFC is presented, follow by preliminary results of P-MFC performance. Secondly, a studyof a new configuration is proposed with the aim to improve the energy output. This part is accompanied by the analysis of alternative
materials derived from waste and organic materials (such as Biochar), more sustainable to those usually employed for the electrodes.
At the end of this research, an exhaustive overview of PMFC future application and challenges will be introduce and discussed in detail.
41420

18:00-19:30 | Library Terrace (2F)Transient Flow Modelling of the Impact of CO2 Stream Impurities During Geological Sequestration
Revelation Samuel, University College London, UK
Haroun Mahgerefteh, University College London, UK

Following the quest for energy sustainability and a cleaner environment, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is expected to play a significant
role in the reduction carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. As such, the impact of impurities (such as O2, N2, H2O, H2S, Ar, SOx, NOx, Hg etc.) in thegas or dense phase CO2 stream arising from fossil-fueled power plants, or large scale industrial emitters, is of fundamental importance tothe safe and economic injection of the captured CO2. This study investigates the impact of varying range of impurities expected from themain CO2 capture technologies used with fossil-fueled power plants on the pressure and temperature profiles during CO2 sequestration.
The analysis presented is with respect to the range of impurities present in CO2 streams captured using pre-combustion, post-combustionand oxy-fuel technologies. Given the possibility of rapid, quasi-adiabatic Joule-Thomson expansion when high pressure CO2 is injected
into a low pressure injection well, which may lead to significant temperature drops posing several risks, including: blockage due to hydrate
and ice formation with the formation water in the perforations at the near well zone; thermal stress shocking of the wellbore casing steel
leading to its fracture and ultimate escape of CO2. Furthermore, the presence of CO2 stream impurities is likely to magnify these risks aswell as pose potential corrosion and toxicity concerns. Therefore, in this study we investigate the time-dependent behaviour of the CO2
stream along the well and perform a detailed sensitivity analysis on varying CO2 stream impurities combination.
41357

18:00-19:30 | Library Terrace (2F)

Restructuring of the System of Storage and Dispatch of Portuguese Air Force Material
Jose Miguel Soares, ISEG Lisbon School of Economics & Management, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Fernanda Mendes, European University & Laureate International Universities, Portugal

Given the current economic conjuncture, organizations have the need to become more flexible and to follow more efficient practices,in order to adapt to this new environment and take advantage of their available resources. The Portuguese Air Force (PAF) is awarethat the logistic component is crucial to improve effectiveness in its mission accomplishment. The objective of this work is to analyze
the warehouse system, the reception and expedition of material, and to study solutions based on new technologies, in order to outline
procedures based on new tools capable to adapt to the integrated system already implemented. As a matter of fact, the PAF has
already some tools that allow for implementing a computerization of these tasks, namely the warehouse management system, which iscurrently being implemented at the Depósito Geral de Material of the PAF. This work proposes the adoption of a centralized acquisition
system in order to restrict the number of procedures carried out, and the variety of items acquired. In addition, it also proposes the useof the tool SAPConsole in order to make possible the reception and expedition of materials through the use of bar-code scanners. With
the proposed improvements, the current procedures of the warehouse system will be more efficient, leading to lower costs and a betteruse of available resources.

40 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

18:00-19:30 | Library Terrace (2F)

Friday Poster Session
39532

18:00-19:30 | Library Terrace (2F)

The Decline of Teacher-Student Ethic? The Respecting-Teachers Ethic and Its Positive Functions in a Chinese Society
Chin-Lung Chien, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
Shih-Chi Hsu, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Yi-Chao Chen, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
Chung-Ping Huang, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
Shih-Chen Huang, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan

In traditional Chinese society, the teacher-student relationship is one of the most important relationships in addition to the five cardinal
relationships. “Respecting teachers” has been a highly-valued role ethic. Yet as time has passed, it seems that the teacher-student ethic
has declined. There has been much discourse, appeals to the public to rebuild the teacher-student ethic, advocating the positive functionof respecting teachers. However, empirical studies are quite rare. With such an important issue, this study investigates several questions.
First, does the respecting-teachers ethic exist in contemporary Chinese societies and in what form? Second, what does respecting
teachers exactly entail? Third, as an important value of traditional culture, does respecting teachers have positive functions? A qualitative
study was conducted exploring the Chinese people’s attitudes towards the contents and functions of respecting teachers to establish
propositions for testing. Thirty participants composed of students and nonstudents were interviewed. Half of them were male and half
were female. The results can be summarized as below. First, the respecting-teachers ethic still exists in contemporary Chinese societies
and is based on relative ethic. Second, respecting teachers is based on the role status/position in teacher-student relations; it can also
be influenced by positive social interaction with teachers. Third, respecting teachers in general has positive functions for student learningand teacher-student interactions. Finally, several propositions and hypotheses were proposed as future directions.
39917

18:00-19:30 | Library Terrace (2F)

Institutional Support and Maternal Health Outcomes in Ghana
Doreen Odame, University of Ghana, Ghana

Pregnancy and its related health outcomes have been identified as a key predictor of human development and therefore can be used as anindicator to measure the human development index of a country. It is important, therefore, that strategies and measures are put in place
to help improve the maternal health outcomes of a country. The aim of this study is to identify various institutions that work in diverse
ways through strategies and interventions to improve maternal health and also to identify the outcomes and impact of these strategies
on maternal health in Ghana. This was done through review and analysis of existing data. From the analysis, four main institutions wereidentified to work in improving maternal health outcomes. These institutions were government institutions, family and social support
systems, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) and international partnerships, as well as research and development institutions. This
review finds that, in order for strategies to be successful in improving maternal health outcomes in Ghana, there is a need for immense
collaboration and support among all the institutions involved in the maternal health policy implementation.
42482

18:00-19:30 | Library Terrace (2F)

Exploring Spatial Factors of the Perception of Tourism Impact: An Empirical Study of National Coastal Scenic Area
Shih-Liang Chan, National Taipei University, Taiwan
Wan-Lin Chen, National Taipei University, Taiwan

The development of the tourism industry brings impact not only directly on the visiting area, but also on the surrounding areas. For better
future planning, it is an important issue to understand the perception of tourism impact for tourists, business owners and residents. This
study aims to identify the factors of tourism impact perceptions of locally affected people in the Southwest Coast National Scenic Area,
Taiwan. This national scenic area has been developed in recent decades and some new large-scale facilities are being considered for
installation. In terms of spatial random sampling, 400 questionnaires are selected from the study area. We applied the approaches ofspatial indicators and spatial regression modeling to explore the key factors of the tourism impact perception. The findings of the study
includes 1) re-examining the relationship between local people and the scenic environment; 2) testing the usability of the approach toidentify the range of impact and find additional spatial factors of impact perception; and 3) showing the perception map of the tourism
impact to facilitate the policy formulation for the surrounding areas.

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TTP-IAFOR-Photo-Conference-Programme-AD-05-2017-PRINT-ol.pdf

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42 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

Saturday
July 7

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09:00-10:30 | Tennyson Room (2F)

Saturday Session I

Economic Sustainability: Environmental Challenges and Economic Growth
Session Chair: Parviz Odilov
42136

09:00-09:30 | Tennyson Room (2F)In Support of Greening the Economy: How to Enhance TVET's Contribution to the Development of GenericGreen Skills
Shimin Christy Chen, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) plays a significant role in supporting green economic restructuring andtackling environmental problems through skills development. This paper outlines current theories and practices related to education
for sustainable development (ESD) pedagogy that can enhance TVET’s contribution to generic green skills development. It reviews thepedagogical models used in sustainability-related curriculum for developing students’ key sustainability competencies. Following on
from this, the paper reports on the results of a pilot study in which the researcher observed classes in a TVET institution and interviewed
the staff involved in teaching a generic green module. The study revealed a significant gap between ESD theoretical framework and
ESD pedagogical practices within the context of TVET. In particular, lecture-based pedagogy observed during the study and teachingcontent, which was not directly related to local and industrial contexts, did not stimulate students’ participation and learning motivation.
Interviews identified a challenge for teaching staff in terms of transforming their role from a teacher-centered approach to the role offacilitator who provides constructive feedback and supports students in individual and collaborative learning. This pilot study suggested,a cross-disciplinary, problem- and project-based pedagogical framework that integrates real-world problem solving opportunities canfacilitate the effective implementation of generic green modules to equip students with generic green skills. Based on these findings, a
subsequent study will focus on the ways and conditions in which ESD pedagogy can be effectively implemented in TVET institutions. In
addition, an evaluation will be undertaken of the effectiveness of the proposed pedagogical model, based on evidence from classroom
observations and students learning outcomes.
42381

09:30-10:00 | Tennyson Room (2F)

Forecasting Australian Electricity Price Spikes

Randall Rojas, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
Melody Huang, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
Patrick Convery, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
In Australia's electricity market, there exist periods of extremely high price volatility, in which prices can spike to over forty times the usual
average in the span of an hour. Retailers that purchase electricity at varying spot prices and opt to sell to consumers at varying regulated
prices are therefore at a huge risk to these spikes. Understanding the presence of electricity price spikes and how to successfully forecast
the probabilities of these spikes occurring throughout time has become an intrinsic component to managing their risk. Previous studies
in this area have relied primarily on load forecasts, proxies for demand, and historical prices as exogenous variables. In our paper, we
examine the characteristics of electricity price spikes in Australian electricity markets and observe a decoupling effect with the highspikes and demand for electricity. We find that there exists a relationship between the occurrences of spikes from one market onto othermarkets, and use this notion of a spillover effect to successfully forecast probabilities of electricity price spikes.
41459

10:00-10:30 | Tennyson Room (2F)

Linking International Investment Law Standard of Fair and Equitable Treatment to Climate Change-Related Measures
Parviz Odilov, Yonsei University, South Korea

This research aims to study the linkage of the Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) with climate change related measures (CCRM) and todemonstrate issues of liabilities formulated under the FET for adopting CCRM. These issues are most likely to occur for countries thatare taking unilateral actions towards combating climate change as well as implementing internationally induced climate change related
commitments. Countries have already started taking responsive measures in this regard by adding climate change savvy provisions ininternational investment agreements (IIA) in forms of “best efforts” requirements, general exceptions, carve-out provisions from certain
obligations such as expropriation, nevertheless, in most cases left FET without linkage to CCRM. FET standard being not linked to CCRM
has a potential to subject host state CCRM to broad and complicated scrutiny by investor state dispute settlement tribunal, which can
result in impeding implementation of CCRM by hosting states. This is because FET obligation in its present scope and definition is thebroadest and incoherent standards of all existed norms in IIA. In this regard, after arguing that FET standard has a broad nature, thisresearch will inquire: i) how is the relationship between present FET and CCRM, in particular with adaptation and mitigation measures, andhow tribunal have determined FET standard to these measures; ii) what are issues and implications of tribunals' determinations; and iii)
how can these issues be resolved in order to bring both coherence within FET standard as well as better protection of foreign investors,
and do not impede implementation of CCRM that has been pursued by host states.

44 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

09:30-10:30 | Shelley Room (2F)

Saturday Session I
Linguistics
Session Chair: Chaowei Pang40832

09:30-10:00 | Shelley Room (2F)

Toward an Optimal Theory of Translation

May Fadhil Al-Shaikhli, Amman Arab University, Jordan
Linguistic theories and translation studies have a long history. Even now, regarding some translation works, translation studies is placedin the field of applied linguistics, whereas in others it is under cultural studies. This is perhaps a sign that it can be studied from awide range of angles. This paper approaches the problem of analyzing source and target texts, aiming to identify translator’s strategy
when translating and considering translation to be a decision-making process. To achieve this, it focuses on a relatively new theory intranslation studies, that is the optimal theory.
42152

10:00-10:30 | Shelley Room (2F)

Civil-Military Integrated Approach Towards Defense Language Competence Development
Chaowei Pang, National University of Defense Technology, China
Feng Ao, National University of Defense Technology, China

Defense language competence refers to the ability of a country’s military to manage and utilize foreign language resources to support
various defense-related activities, such as conventional or irregular warfare, international joint operations/exercises, military technology
exchange, military diplomacy, and so on. In terms of defense language competence development, the United States has exerted a highdegree of emphasis on the development of defense language competence since 1960s. This research mainly seeks to examine thestrategies and characteristics of civil-military integration in the United States defense language competence development and finds thatit takes advantage of civil-military integration in terms of its technology research as well as the training and reserving of professionals.
On the one hand, senior military and civilian departments make collaborative efforts to formulate systematic and comprehensive policies,
strategies and laws to facilitate the development of defense language competence in a civil-military integrated way. On the other hand,
two main areas (i.e. defense language technology research and cultivation of professionals) are significantly emphasized by the US
military and the implementation process is primarily characterized by civil-military integration. Meanwhile, efforts for promoting civilmilitary integrated international exchange for defense language professionals are also made by the US military throughout the wholeprocess. Finally, this research proposes some implications and suggestions based on the experiences of civil-military integration takenby the US military in defense language competence.

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09:30-10:30 | Keats Room (2F)

Saturday Session I:

Environmental Sustainability & Environmental Management
Session Chair: Denis Binder
42389

09:30-10:00 | Keats Room (2F)

Assessing Land Productivity Dynamics in West Africa Using Remote Sensed Data: A Case Study from Nigeria
Esther Oluwafunmilayo Makinde, University of York, UK
Robert Marchant, University of York, UK

The dynamics of land productivity varies not only in space, but also through time. The vegetation across West Africa and Nigeria receives
varying amount of rainfall through the year. In the Sahel, Sudan and Guinea Savanna zones, the vegetation cover is lush and green during
the wet season and deciduous in the dry season in contrast to the Tropical Rainforest and mangrove that are green throughout the year.
This study assesses the land productivity dynamics and the impact of climate between 1986 and 2018 in Nigeria and between 2003
and 2017 across West Africa. We use the Aqua eMODIS NDVI C6 on a geographical mapping grid at approximately 250m and LANDSAT
imageries (30m) from the U.S. Geological Survey while the climate data is from AFRICLIM and CHIRPS (0.050). Result produced based on
the spectral characteristics analysis of the eMODIS images established five distinct eco-regions for West Africa and subsequently two
hotspots of land cover change were selected in Nigeria. The Landsat images was used to analysed these hotspots, and land cover classes
were identified and analysed. Findings shows that in West Africa (2003-2017), there is a decrease in the Desert (3.3%) in the dry season
and further decreased (3.5%) in the rainy season. In the North-East of Nigeria (1987-2018), there is an increase in the Woodland/Gallery
Forest (3%) and a decrease in Sand Dunes (4%). In the South West (1986-2016), there is a decrease in the Less Dense Forest (33.8%) andan increase in the Built-up (22.8%).
41624

10:00-10:30 | Keats Room (2F)

Resilience Must Cope with Increasing Natural Hazards in Europe
Denis Binder, Chapman University, USA

Rampant European flooding in recent years reminds us of the natural hazards facing Europe. The North Sea has a history of ferocity.
Europe has also faced seismic and volcanic risks, landslides, tsunamis and wildfires. The Great Lisbon Earthquake of 1755 and the Stormof 1703 are historical reminders of the perils facing Europe. Risks are not limited by political boundaries.The Great Lisbon Earthquake wasfelt throughout Europe and North Africa while the resulting tsunami struck the British Isles and even the Americas. Humans contributeto the disasters by living in geologically and meteorically hazardous areas. They can also be negligent in designing, constructing, andmaintaining structures and facilities. Thus, humans can increase both the damages from the incident, but also the risk of the incident
occurring. Experience teaches us that civilization with the best engineering cannot stop extreme forces of nature, such as earthquakes,
hurricanes, landslides, tornadoes, tsunamis, and wildfires. We also realize that rivers have capacity limits and structures, such as dams
and reservoirs, have design limits. Flooding occurs when the limits are reached. Structural solutions have design and life limits. Many
hazards often cannot be prevented, but steps can be taken to reduce the impacts. They include building designs, emergency action plans,
and timely warning systems, as with hurricanes, tornadoes, tsunamis, and wildfires.

46 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

10:45-12:45 | Tennyson Room (2F)

Saturday Session II
Economics and Management
Session Chair: Jie Liu
41352

10:45-11:15 | Tennyson Room (2F)

Reflexion on the Social Disparities and the Efficacity of the Subsidies System (A Comparative Study)
Mohamed Abbar, University of Bechar, Algeria
Zoheir Tafer, University of Bechar, Algeria
Fadhila Meziane, University of Bechar, Algeria

Whatever the economic system practiced in a country, it inevitably generates disparities between the different strata of society. These
differences are designated in the specialized literature by inequalities. They may concern the rights of individuals, their chances for workor their living conditions. If it is relatively easy to erase the first two types, it is more difficult to reduce inequalities in living conditions,both because of the nature of disparities and their number. Hence, any state must be concerned with the welfare of its fellow citizens inensuring, at least, satisfaction for the greatest number in primary needs as Maslow calls them. The state undertakes a series of measures,
including "subsidies" which may consist of supporting consumer products and social services (food, rent, care, education, subsidized
credit (at a reduced rate), etc.). However, this subsidy policy is likely to have adverse social and economic effects on social equity, creatinga sort of dependence on the state, encouraging idleness and straining financial resources. This paper tries, through a comparative study
between some countries of the North and the South, to analyze the important effects (beneficial or harmful) of subsidy policies from thepoint of view of economic and social efficiency and the achievement of social justice without weighing on of the state.
41306

11:15-11:45 | Tennyson Room (2F)

Equity, Social Justice and Economic Policies (Case of Study: The Taxes Systems)
Zoheir Tafer, University of Bechar, Algeria
Mohamed Abbar, University of Bechar, Algeria
Fadhila Meziane, University of Bechar, Algeria

All economic doctrines, ultimately aspire to one thing: reducing inequalities that exist in the population. By doing so, they would enhance
the welfare of the most disadvantaged.However, the search for what is referred to as "social justice" or natural equity is often blurred,
tedious and sometimes leads to paradoxes and raises many questions: what is the degree of inequality acceptable in a society? From
what threshold should we act? And how to do it? Philosophers, sociologists and economists have always tried to answer these questions.
They relied on concepts that are in the same time close as different, that is, equity, equality and justice. The paradox is that this attempt
to answer the questions has over time resulted in a truncated conception of the problem. The solutions undertaken to reduce social
injustices, sometimes, deepen them or create injustices in other respects. The purpose of this paper is to provide a philosophical andsociological reading of some of the key concepts concepts underlying (in theory) policies aimed at establishing social justice, namely
horizontal and vertical equity. It will attempt to identify the elements of similarity and dissimilarity and to demonstrate through some
practical examples, the paradoxes and dangers that arise from the mixture of concepts. It will also overview the social economic andpolitical consequences of measures taken in the name of a pseudo social justice. It will be concluded by a quite telling case of the taxation
system practiced in some countries, especially in Algeria.
41501

11:45-12:15 | Tennyson Room (2F)

China's SOE Reform in the New Era: Direction and Pathway
Jie Liu, Beijing Union University, China

The overall strength of China's state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has been significantly enhanced after nearly 40 years of reform anddevelopment.With the arrival of a new era in China, how to turn Chinese enterprises into world-class,globally competitive firms has
become an important research subject for policy makers,enterprises and researchers. This paper first analyzes the connotation and natureof China's SOEs,and summarizes four main development stages of China's SOE reform,from which the driving force of China's SOE reform
has been deduced.We put forward that the reform of state-owned enterprises in China follows the logic of the approximate pragmatism(practice). The path selection of the SOE reform is the result of interaction between different stakeholders inside and outside enterprises
under the combined action of specific economic,political and cultural factors in China. At the same time, it has also been accompaniedby the reform of China's economic system. Then the direction and path of China's SOE reform in the new era have been studied basedon above analysis.In the new era, China’s SOE reforms still follow the pragmatic logic and the principle of problem-oriented, bottom-line
thinking.The basic purpose of reform is to make SOEs bigger,stronger and better,and enhance the dynamism,leverage,influence and riskresistance capability of the state-owned sector. In the new era, SOE reforms should vigorously promote the reform of property rights
including mixed ownership and equity diversification,especially for-profit SOEs in a fully competitive industry.
42453

12:15-12:45 | Tennyson Room (2F)A Qualitative Study of the Psychological Impact of Unemployment on University Graduates in Ghana
Jean-Carl Ainoo, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Ghana

This paper examines the experiences of unemployed university graduates in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana from a psychologicalperspective. It presents the different psychological and monetary effects of unemployment and presents the different theories developedon the effects of job loss on university graduates. The paper also examines the fundamental role work contributes to the lives ofuniversity graduate. The study investigates how university graduates deal with unemployment and cope with the transition process. The
research study employed both primary and secondary data with inclination toward qualitative methodology. The findings of the researchstudy indicate that unemployment has adverse effects on the psychological welfare of university graduates. The findings indicate thatunemployment has adverse effect on the self-worth, identity and motivation of university graduates and also leads to the feeling ofworthlessness, feeling of embarrassment and increased stress levels. However, the findings also indicate that unemployed graduates do
not all share similar experiences of unemployment and are not all unhappy with their unemployment condition.

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 47

10:45-12:45 | Shelley Room (2F)

Saturday Session II

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Research & Knowledge
Session Chair: Dong-il Kim
42443

10:45-11:15 | Shelley Room (2F)

Build-Up to the Waste House

Glenn Longden-Thurgood, University of Brighton, UK
The Brighton Waste House was completed in 2014 – built almost entirely by the collaborative work of some 300 young people studying
construction trades, architecture and design and even some still at school. The building was Europe's first permanent public building
made almost entirely from material thrown away or not wanted. It is also an Energy Performance Certificate “A” rated low energy building.
Prior to the start of construction of this pioneering building, students form the architecture courses at the University of Brighton built anumber of developmental pavilion structures. Whilst initially these were intended as a showcase for the work of graduating students at theend of year Graduate Show, they also formed a methodology for testing that supported and enabled a proposal to have the Waste House
constructed largely by an unskilled workforce of students. Four main Graduate Show builds worked at a large enough scale and complexity
to simulate the ambitions of the Waste House, devising material methods revealing waste or locally sourced materials and exploredunconventional construction processes such as rammed chalk, structural straw bales, tensioned birch and reciprocating structures. This
paper will describe the research process and methods that went into the materials and technologies used to construct the pavilions andhow these were detailed to suit a student workforce and learning experience.
42130

11:15-11:45 | Shelley Room (2F)

Participatory Action Research as the Pathway for Integrating Technology and Indigenous Knowledge
Seth Agbo, Lakehead University, Canada

Academic research in Indigenous societies has been under attack that it is encapsulated in positivistic, objective principles, which inretrospect, do not tally with the worldviews of Indigenous societies. Recent arguments contend that elements of positivism in which
researchers deal with Indigenous societies from a position of superior knowledge and detachment indicate the absence of a working
model or conceptual design that is necessary for the contribution of Indigenous knowledge to sustainable development. Accordingly, theshape of contemporary and future research in Indigenous communities is being determined by what has become known as “Indigenous
methodology” that is primarily based on ethnic, tribal, and linguistic attributes of the researcher. The bewildering acceleration in the rateof societal change that is creating a global culture calls for new methods of research in Indigenous communities. This paper explores
alternatives to traditional academic research methodologies by developing a model consisting evidence of orientation, and above all,action and process rather than objective, summated criteria or ethnic and racial orientations of the researcher. The paper delineates
the pathways and the frontiers and borders of the integration of technology and Indigenous knowledge model as participatory action
research. The paper argues that positivistic, objective methods and certain subjective procedures could no longer crudely and simply be
regarded as exclusive criterion for rigorous research. Rather, participation in decision-making and consensus, social justice and sharedfundamental values of human rights are the key elements in research that can integrate Indigenous knowledge and technology in thecontemporary globalized world.
41587

11:45-12:15 | Shelley Room (2F)Can We Make a Democratic Decision at All?

Dong-il Kim, Gyeongsang National University, South Korea
Can we make a democratic decision at all? This paper says “not at all” by examining the democratic decision making process, whichshould satisfy the features of democracy such as respect, equality, and accountability. A democratic community has to make a decision
by voting because there are different opinions that should be equally respected. However, a democratic decision making process needs
a method on how to make a decision, on which another decision has to be made by voting. In other words, a democratic decision has tobe made by voting, for which another democratic decision has to be made on how to make the first decision. And this process is repeatedover and over again unless all members of a democratic community agree unanimously on how to make a decision, which is not ademocratic decision at all.
40247

12:15-12:45 | Shelley Room (2F)

Wiki Waste Workshop (WWW)

Nick Gant, University of Brighton, UK
Tanya Dean, University of Brighton, UK“Waste is a development issue as well as an environmental one.” (Waste Aid)
The Wiki-Waste-Workshop is a co-learning method that has been developed between students and researchers and The University of
Brighton, and NGO supported communities in less economically developed countries. The research explores how the use of internetenabled technology (www) can support remote creative co-learning and facilitated development opportunities that seek to shift andreverse the negative environmental and social impacts of poorly managed waste and utilising it as a resource. By re-imagining theaccumulation of waste materials in real community contexts as an opportunity to be exploited, not just a problem to be “solved”, theproject simultaneously develops new skills in very different learner groups separated by thousands of miles with products and crafts
being co-designed and produced using accessible low cost technology. The paper will evidence frameworks for operationalizing remotecollaborative learning and provides powerful co-educational and empowering experiences for participants. Moreover the paper will
present evidence as to methods of physical and community “meaning making” and “valorisation frameworks”, that emerge through coproductive modes of engagement with waste. One key context for the project is that the emerging beauty inherent in the designed useof waste or “rejected” materials needs better representation and structure as a set of design and making principles. Co-learning andco-production supports new material and making vocabularies and understanding identified as being required to help designers better
articulate through materials and making.

48 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

10:45-12:45 | Keats Room (2F)

Saturday Session II

Environmental Sustainability & Human Consumption: Waste
Session Chair: Esther Oluwafunmilayo Makinde
42420

10:45-11:15 | Keats Room (2F)New Evidence of Health Impacts from Exposure to Gaseous Pollutants in a Mega City: Seasonal Impacts
Yunfei Cheng, International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA), Austria
Guiying Cao, International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA), Austria
Tatiana Ermolieva, International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA), Austria
Xiaoying Zheng, Institute of Population Research at Peking University, China

Background Air pollution remains one of the biggest threats to human health and wellbeing in major cities, especially for emerging economies.
The results of whether seasonality would modify the effects of air pollutants in these areas show inconsistencies. This paper aims toestimate health risks from exposure to air pollutants in different time of the year. It will provide scientific evidence for further sustainable
policies in major cities of developing countries. Methods Beijing is chosen as a representative city. Daily respiratory diseases outpatient datafrom 2014 to 2016 were from the most representative hospital. Distributed lag non-linear model was employed for the analysis between
multi-pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2, and O3) and respiratory diseases outpatients in different seasons with confounding variables oftemperature, relative humidity and time trend. The effect of each pollutant was calculated separately. Results Significant difference exists inthe association between pollutants and respiratory diseases in different seasons. In cold season, high concentration of NO2 and CO can leadto significant adverse effects on the day of exposure and the day after, while O3 has significant protective delayed effect on the second day
after the exposure. In warm season, SO2 has positive significant delayed effects for 2 days, while CO and NO2 can produce immediate adverse
effect on the day of exposure. Conclusion The association of pollutants and respiratory disease is more severe in cold seasons. Further
policies are still urgently needed, and seasonal health impacts of pollutants should be explicitly taken into consideration.
40002

11:15-11:45 | Keats Room (2F)

Preparation of Fe3O4@Al2O3 Core-Shell Catalyst and Its Application for Carbon Nanotube Production from
Simulated Gas Waste of Plastic Waste Gasification
Chun-Ming Chen, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
Ming-Yen Wey, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
Shan-Luo Wu, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan

A novel and simple synthetic approach toward core-shell Fe@Al2O3 nanoparticles was developed in this study. Fe@Al2O3 nanostructures
were formed through immersion of Fe@C nanoparticles with Al precursor in deionized water. The as-synthesized core-shell catalyst wasapplied to convert the simulated gas of plastic waste gasification into carbon nanotubes. The structure and morphological nature of the
fresh and spent catalysts were examined using different characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy, transmission
electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction. In addition, the quality and thermal stability of the nano-carbon materials were also evaluated by
Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The carbon nanotube products were collected and shown great quality from thecharacterization results. Moreover, because of the properties of core-shell structure, we can simply adjust the amount of surfactant such as
hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide to control the pore size of the shell and further control the diameter of carbon nanotubes. In thisstudy, the conversion of CH4 was up to 97%, which is much higher than the traditional supported catalyst on the similar reaction conditions.
The enhanced CH4 catalytic activity for core-shell Fe@Al2O3 catalyst originated from a combined result of the acidic sites on the surface of
the Al2O3 shell and the high carbon diffusion rate of the Fe core, which lead to high efficiency of CH4 conversion and longer lifetime of thecatalyst. This work gives an vision towards the design and synthesis of advanced catalysts for waste conversion technology.
42115

11:45-12:15 | Keats Room (2F)

Water Resources, Population Growth, and the Environment in Malaysia: An Overview
Zuraini Anang, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
Noorhaslinda Kulub Abdul Rashid, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia

Water is the basic need for life as well as the essential input for industries. The increasing population and urbanization leads to the highly
demand of water consumption which contributes to water scarcity among residential and industrial usage. Water stress is the most
crucial environmental challenges experiencing in many nations around the globe. Beside, water shortage an increase to the population
would also bring industrialization and urbanization which causes environmental problems which directly affects the quality of the watersupply. Population growth have a significant effect on environment in order to meet the sustainable development. This paper reviews
and analyse on the trends in water resources, population growth and environment pattern in order to understand the key issues andchallenges faces for water resource development in Malaysia. Furthermore, it attempt to examine the linkages between the population,water consumption and environment. The article finally discusses the importance of improving and enhancing existing policies of water
resources in order to conserve the nature while promoting sustainable economic growth.
41102

12:15-12:45 | Keats Room (2F)

Hydrological Vulnerability Assessment of Landfill Site Using GIS: A Case Study of Alimosho Landfill Site
Esther Oluwafunmilayo Makinde, University of York, UK
Gbenga Emmanuel Olatunbosun, University of Lagos, Nigeria
Olusegun Temitope Badejo, University of Lagos, Nigeria

Solid waste is disposed in landfills where it decomposes and produces leachate that can contaminate underlying groundwater. This
study investigated the effects of open landfill sites on the underground water quality using the DRASTIC L model based on eightparameters. In addition, water samples were collected using systematic random sampling method from hand-dug Wells around theSolous landfill sites in Igando, Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State and analysed. A total of thirteen hand-dug Wells were
sampled at increasing distances from the landfill site and analyzed for heavy metals. A GARMIN GPS was used to record the latitude
and longitude of sampling points which were subsequently imported into a GIS environment and parameters integrated to analyse forvulnerability sensitivity. The results showed that out of a total area of 166.657 hectares under study, about 54.013 hectare were foundto be within the low vulnerable zone with a DRASTIC index range between 101 - 123, about 52.225 hectares were observed to be in themoderately vulnerable zone with an index ranging between 123 and 135. About 60.417 hectares were located in high vulnerability zone
with an index ranging between 135 and 154.The result of the water analysis showed that while Zinc had the highest concentration,
Chromium was not found present in any of the Wells sampled. It is concluded, that the groundwater in the study area has been
contaminated. There is therefore the need for adequate and proper planning and strategic management for the disposal of waste.

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 49

10:45-12:45 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Saturday Session II

Business Administration and Business Economics
Session Chair: Sola Abodunde
42460

10:45-11:15 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

How to Buy Less, But Better? The Influence of Product Lifetime Labelling on Purchase Decisions
Kathleen Jacobs, Alanus University of Arts and Social Sciences, Germany

The study develops and empirically tests a conceptual model for purchasing longer-lasting electrical appliances. The researchquestions are “What are the determinants of purchasing longer lasting electrical appliances?” And “How does a product lifetime label
influence purchase decisions towards electrical appliances?” This paper follows an interdisciplinary approach by combining economic
and social psychological theories (consumer theory of Lancaster and theory of planned behaviour). The model is tested by using
choice-based conjoint analysis, a highly effective multivariate method for measuring consumer preferences for product attributes.
Thus, the influence of a product lifetime label on consumer preferences for durability and other product attributes such price, brand andenergy efficiency were examined. By means of an online questionnaire, discrete choice experiments based on washing machines wereadministered to a sample of German consumers. Overall, the study helps to better understand the main determinants of purchasing
longer lasting electrical appliances and, especially, the impact of an “expected product lifetime” label on consumer preferences.
Furthermore, consumers who are willing to buy longer lasting electrical appliances are identified and characterized. With the aim ofstimulating demand for longer lasting electrical appliances, marketers and politicians can learn from the study how to promote drivers
and reduce barriers of purchasing longer lasting electrical appliances. Marketers could, for instance, improve their durability marketingby offering enhanced product lifetime information. Politicians could introduce mandatory product labelling as well as educational
campaigns regarding the sustainability relevance of product longevity.
42118

11:15-11:45 | Wordsworth Room (2F)An Analysis on the Influence of Service Quality for Satisfaction Level Among Indonesian Workers in Malaysia
in Manufacturing and Services
Arif Murti Rozamuri, Pertamina University, Indonesia
Nur Riza Mohd Suradi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia

This research concerns an analysis on the service quality among Indonesian workers in Malaysia in manufacturing and services sector.
Indonesian labour is one of the highest employee in Malaysia. Although complementing one another, managing the Indonesian workforce
is not without challenges. Among them is the type of work not in accordance with the employment agreement, overtime work with noadditional allowance, termination of employment and repatriation of employees without their rights granted. Therefore, the main pointof this study is to analyze the effect of service quality on Indonesia's level of job satisfaction. This is to see the extent of the influence ofdimension of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy towards employee satisfaction. This study was conductedusing quantitative methods, while the respondents were Indonesian workers in Malaysia in the services and manufacturing sectors.
The analysis of this study uses SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software 19.0 and using PLS (Partial Least Squares)
software. This study shows that 5 dimensions of service quality have an influence on the level of satisfaction. However, the dimension of
responsiveness has a big impact on Indonesia's level of job satisfaction.
40308

11:45-12:15 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Information and Communication Technology and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises: An
Empirical Investigation
Sola Abodunde, The Polytechnic Ibadan, Nigeria

The development of ICT provides enormous opportunities for small and medium enterprises to conduct their business activities online
across the world. ICT has the potential to enhance communication within a company, leading to better and more efficient resource
management. This study investigated the impact of ICT on SMEs performance with special reference to selected SMEs in manufacturing
subsector in Lagos. Structured questionnaire designed by the researchers was administered to 40 owners and 80 members of staff thatcan provide useful information totalling 120 respondents as sample for the study. Multiple Regression analysis was used to analyze thedata and the method of estimation is Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The result
showed that web site design, usage of telephone and e-mail are the major ICT devices that significantly influence SMEs performance inNigeria. Paper concluded that, for SMEs to grow in a global competitive market environment and to constitute the most viable andveritable vehicle for self-sustaining industrial development in Nigeria, the adoption of ICT by SMEs operators should be encouraged.
41484

12:15-12:45 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Looking to Environmental Accounting Reporting in a University Environment and Identifying Critical Success Factors
Mark Gandey, Bishop's University, Canada

There seems to be a large push towards a more environmental, sustainable corporate model. This revolution should not be found only
in profit seeking companies, but arguable within higher education institutes, as well. There is a fragmented pool of information on the
topic. There are various terms used with similar definitions (environmental accounting, ecological accounting, green accounting, andsustainability reporting). John Elkington’s “triple bottom line” approach seems to be comprehensive. This is where economical, ecologicaland social “pillars” must hold. It is also referred to as the 3Ps (profit, people, place). The triple bottom line structure is applicable not only
to companies, but also to other organizations, such as higher education institutions. Many universities are implementing “sustainability”
concepts into their curriculum. It is important for these universities to “walk the talk”. This paper looks into the identification of critical
success factors to consider when implementing a sustainability strategy in a higher education institute.

50 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

13:45-15:15 | Tennyson Room (2F)

Saturday Session III
Gender Studies
Session Chair: Saika Sabir41228

13:45-14:15 | Tennyson Room (2F)The Failure of Sustainable Development Goals Due to Institutional Gender Inequality in Economics
Anastasia P. Kiourtzoglou, Trinity College Dublin, IrelandThis article examines the institutional gender inequality in Economics. The incorporation of gender equality in health policy canstrengthen responses to health problems and reveal disparities created by gender in health. It addresses the silence toward genderinequality within Economics by discussing Economics’ co-evolution with healthcare and women’s status especially in Europe where
major health systems and women’s movements commenced. Questions of interdependence, asymmetrically reflective responsibility,
and overall gender inequality are neglected by economic theories but are key to re-introducing gender inequality in Economics. It
highlights the importance of promoting the incorporation of gender equality norms and standards into Economics responses bothvertically and horizontally and for accountability. Linking directly Economics with gender equality at the global level is essential tocreate fully-competent health systems competent to face and adjust to new standards, demands, and needs created by globalisation,
including different types of immigration and gender.
41401

14:15-14:45 | Tennyson Room (2F)Sex Work and Urban Planning: The Changes in the Red Light District in AmsterdamJoão Pena, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil & University of Amsterdam, Netherlands

In this paper, I discuss the way in which sex work policies have been implemented in the Netherlands. First, I take a historical approachto these policies and their repercussions in urban space, emphasizing them as an important aspect to understand the city. Then, I focus
on a recent plan designed for the Red Light District, in the city center of Amsterdam. In the Netherlands, sex work policy can be traced
back to the Middle Ages. Over time, the importance of prostitution in the dynamics of the city of Amsterdam increased. Sex work went
through different regimes of control, including the ban on brothels in 1911. Between the end of the 1990s and the year 2000, sex work was
decriminalized, legalized and regulated in the Netherlands, which directly affected the organization of the sector. In 2007, Plan 1012 waslaunched aiming at fighting criminality, mainly trafficking of women, in the Red Light District in Amsterdam. Since then, the neighborhood
has changed significantly with the closure of brothels, sex shops, coffee shops etc. and, on the other hand, many stores and services havebeen opened, for instance, fast food places, souvenir shops, and clothing stores. Some consequences of Plan 1012 suggest that there areimportant aspects that should be considered to understand what is going on in the Red Light District as well as the interests regarding theimplementation of this plan. That is, what do the changes in the area mean and who profits?
42410

14:45-15:15 | Tennyson Room (2F)Using Intersectionality in the "Post-Period": Law, Gender and Identity Politics in Contemporary India
Saika Sabir, O.P. Jindal Global University, India

This paper presents an understanding of the law, and identity politics in postcolonial India through an intersectional approach. By
focusing on the unique location of discrimination against the women from marginalised tribal communities residing in parts of India, thispaper attempts to develop upon the argument that their subalternization is produced by the failure of the Indian democracy to recognize
the histories and struggles of the ethnic minorities constituting these marginal groups. The post-colonial-postmodernist scholars
have engaged in critical theorisation to produce a unique position in the contemporary Indian academy: a position best articulated as“Subaltern-Studies”, which evidently informs the critique of Western feminism’s universal subjects. The subaltern scholars, considering– both the anti-colonial/nationalist phase and the postcolonial developments in India have emphasised the non-homogeneity of thecategory of women and therefore argued that the gendered subaltern based on their unique history of struggle emerge as a category of“women in difference”. Despite, challenging the universalizing notion of liberal feminist politics, these scholars have failed to locate thesite of universalism within its local context. By failing to do so the feminist in the non- West (postcolonial world) tend to jeopardize theirown claims of being anti-essentialist. The challenge, therefore, is to recognise new forms of domination, and trace the contemporary
conditions of subjugation of the historically “Othered” within their local context.

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | IAFOR.ORG | 51

13:45-15:15 | Shelley Room (2F)

Saturday Session III
Education and Social Welfare
Session Chair: Virginia Lea
42400

13:45-14:15 | Shelley Room (2F)

Impact of Coping and Resilience on Learning
Rekha Sapra, Delhi University, India

Coping and resilience are essentially social and emotional skills which positively impact the cognitive abilities in children. There is anextensive research body which has found the social and emotional competences enhance a child’s abilities on school related tasks. This
correlation is a fertile ground to reap the benefits of personal development on better grades in school related activities. With this theoreticalfoundation a study was undertaken on 6-10 year old children with a view to make them better at establishing peer relationships, conflict
resolution, and handling and understanding emotions in self and others. The study established a positive correlation between enhancedsocial and emotional skills with better school adjustment and improved grades. This study has a significant contribution especially forchildren from difficult circumstances as these skills will come in handy as abilities required for coping in adverse situations as well as
make a child resilient. Resilience is an all-important trait which is crucial for the wellbeing of a person.
41456

14:15-14:45 | Shelley Room (2F)A Model for Educational Innovation Through Design Thinking and How it Can Enhance Core Competencies for
Future Creation
Tae-Young Lee, Pusan National University, South Korea

The focus of this study is on the application of design thinking for educational innovation in the age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Since the advent of the mobile digital era, the educational environment and societal vistas have changed significantly. However, educational
experiences are still framed in the societal image of a previous age. Now education should be designed not by future-guessing, but by
future-creating. Relying on Béla H. Bánáthy, I develop a future-creating educational model in terms of designing social systems. First, I
will devise an image of the future by focusing on the core competencies, that is, communication skills, problem-solving ability, leadership,and so on, from the perspectives of the global age and the fourth industrial age. Second, the process of design thinking will be considered
as a methodology for implementing this image into educational reality and enhancing those competencies at the same time. From a few
representative models of design thinking I will draw out a schematized model for shifting the educational paradigm. What is importantat this stage is to clarify the evolutionary principles inherent in design thinking. Lastly, a case of instructional design applied to the newparadigm will be described to help demonstrate an innovative change in pedagogical practice. I conclude that future-creating educationalinnovation begins with restructuring an obsolete paradigm of thinking. The process of design thinking enables us to modify our mindset
and to transform the whole system of education.
41088

14:45-15:15 | Shelley Room (2F)

Towards a Just and Sustainable Future: Transformative Critical Multicultural Pedagogies that Disrupt Current
Racist, Nationalistic, Neoliberal and Divisive Institutional Narratives
Virginia Lea, University of Wisconsin-Stout, USA

While one might expect that people living in a democratic, multicultural society would place value on different forms of knowledge,
beliefs, and practices, the United States is a very segregated society in which some ideological differences continue to be deeply racist,classist, hierarchical, nationalist and divisive. Iterations of these narratives are embraced by people participating in the major institutionsof the society, including some candidates seeking to become teachers. Given the fact that teachers with racist and classist attitudes will
not, by definition, be able to treat their students equitably, the goal of this research study was to assess the extent to which one criticalmulticultural course was able to facilitate transformative inquiry with a view to changing deep-seated, taken for granted assumptions,over the period of a semester, in the spirit of what Paulo Freire called conscientization. The main guiding question of the research was,“How do we engage pre-service teachers in structured research experiences and transformative critical multicultural dialogue about thecomplex intersections of power, identity, race, racism, whiteness, social class, hierarchy and nationalism, when many powerful societal
narratives dissuade us from doing so?” The work is framed in terms of critical multicultural pedagogy linking theory, history, and practiceto problematize key culturally hegemonic, societal and educational narratives related to the above key concepts. Results indicate growing
success in the willingness of pre-service teachers to interrogate their own biases, see race as a social construct and, at least rhetorically,embrace action for equity and social justice.

52 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

13:45-14:45 | Keats Room (2F)

Saturday Session III

Energy: Renewable Energy and Environmental Solutions
Session Chair: Ibrahim Hassan Ibrahim
41464

13:45-14:15 | Keats Room (2F)

Heavy Metal Removal Combined with Electrical Energy Generation Through Electrochemical Cementation
Ibrahim Hassan Ibrahim, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Egypt
Yehia Mohamed Youssef, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Egypt
Nourhan Moukhtar, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Egypt

Recovery of copper from copper sulfate solutions in a batch-recycle galvanic reactor with generation of electrical energy as a by-productbesides the cementation process. The divided galvanic cell consisted of parallel copper and zinc plates operated under forced convection.
The rate of mass transfer rate and the electrical energy produced increased by increasing the linear velocity and initial concentration ofcopper ions present in solution but by decreased with increasing the electrodes separation distance. An overall mass transfer correlation
was developed for the removal of copper ions from solution. The experimental data were correlated with the following dimensionlessequation: Sh=1.15*Sc^0.33*Re^0.5401. The treatment cell provides a maximum energy recovery equivalent to 0.238 kWh/m3 whichcorresponds to a removal percentage of 31.8%. The expected energy saving by supplying this power into the grid is expected to beapproximately 833,952 $/year for each 1000 m3 of waste solution. This figure is calculated based on the 2015 average global electricity
prices in US dollars per kilowatt hour. The presented waste treatment cell can be used as a basis for the design and operation of highproductivity cementation reactors for a variety of heavy metal recovery applications.
41431

14:15-14:45 | Keats Room (2F)

Optimal Design and Analysis of Single-Stage Flyback PV MicroinverterÖzgür Çelik, Adana Science and Technology University, Turkey
Adnan Tan, Çukurova University, Turkey
Kasım Zor, Adana Science and Technology University, Turkey
Ahmet Teke, Çukurova University, Turkey

Over the last decades, solar energy systems have aroused much interest due to increased concern for the environment. Photovoltaic(PV) module based electrical energy generation systems present promising solutions to ensure sustainable, abundant, inexhaustible, andenvironmentally friendly energy. In view of foregoing, the converter used in PV systems is emerging as a major component. Microinverters(MIs) also known as module based type of inverters, which are attached to individual PV modules as an operative interface between PV andutility grid, provide an efficient, reliable, and cost-effective energy generation possibility. The salient features of MIs can be expressed aslower installation cost, improved energy harvesting by allowing individual maximum power point tracking (MPPT), plug-N-play operation,and improved system efficiency. This paper presents a detailed analysis of modelling and control of the single-phase grid-connected
single-stage flyback PV MI. A 200W single-stage flyback MI is investigated with respect to power circuit design and components selection
criteria, operation modes, MPPT control, injected grid current control, and grid synchronization. To assess and validate the feasibilityof analyzed 200W single-stage flyback MI, a simulation model is constructed by using an electromagnetic transient software package
PSCAD/EMTDC.

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13:45-15:15 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Saturday Session III
Workshop Presentation
42229 | Wordsworth Room (2F)

Practical Fiction: Facing the Fear of the Future
Dwayne Roberts, Falmouth University, UK

For over 200 years the industrial system has plundered the planet of its resources. It has destroyed habitats. It has reduced the chance oflong-term survival for all species at an ever-increasing speed. Hence, it is of utmost importance to call for radical change. Practical Fiction
invites participants of all backgrounds to engage with speculative design and design fiction. It creates space to discuss the complexities
of emerging technology, its relationship to various sociopolitical issues, and to speculate about preferable futures. Moreover, it encourages
participants to imagine new ideologies and paradigms through prototyping. Framed as a workshop, Practical Fiction focuses on how
speculation can inform and critique future orientated ideologies. A juxtaposition of existing proposals, for and against technologicalprogress, would facilitate critical thought and dialogical discussion. This dialogue would establish a foundation for prototyping artefacts
to evoke practical action. The 90-minute workshop begins with a 20-minute introduction by the facilitator who presents Kaczynski’s AntiTech Revolution and Rifkin’s Third Industrial Revolution. Split into two groups, participants start a 20-minute dialogic discussion, for andagainst a technological future, with the facilitator. Next, in a 20-minute building phase, the groups prototype an artefact each from theirrespective envisioned future. The workshop concludes with two 10-minute presentations, including feedback. The remaining 10 minutes
allow for further conversation and questions.

15:30-16:30 | Shelley Room (2F)

IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Session
Session Chair: Joseph Haldane
15:30-16:30 | Shelley Room (2F)

The Center vs. Periphery in the New Paradigm of Modernization
Ljiljana Markovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia

In pursuit of a sustainable world, we need to look back at the experience of modernizations that were successful in the second half of 19th
century in transforming pre-modern societies into those that could continue to develop at a fast and sustainable pace.
Europe, as the cradle of industrialization and development in the 19th century, was indisputably the first center of the modernizing world.
However, those countries that represented the far–away periphery at the beginning of the process of modernization, such as Japan, forexample, have in the meantime become the centers of the modernizing universe themselves. The most recent explosive economic growthof China creates another center vs. periphery paradigm. This paper purports to analyse the characteristics of each center vs. periphery
shift, as well as to determine the decisive factors of economic, social and cultural change which lead to a sustainable “take off” intomodernity and irreversible development.
More information about the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative can be found on page 79.

54 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

15:30-17:00 | Tennyson Room (2F)

Saturday Session IV
Gender Studies
Session Chair: Becky L. Jacobs
42279

15:30-16:00 | Tennyson Room (2F)The Secret Stash: The Financial Sustainability of Metropolitan, Regional and Rural Women Residing in South Australia
Ros Wong, Flinders University, Australia

In this age of individualism and financial insecurity, many women endeavour to protect themselves from an uncertain future. Drawing
upon qualitative research data conducted in rural, regional and metropolitan South Australia, I argue women, “stash money-a secretstash” as a safety mechanism against financial precariousness. The amount of money is immaterial, it is ‘the social meaning’ (Zelizer1994) attached to the “stash” that enables women to assume an aura of protection against a hostile world. In monetary terms Australianwomen retire with $142,000 less super than men, with a greater likelihood of persistent poverty in old age (Australian Human Rights
Commission 2009). Many of the causal factors that affect women’s saving occur pre-retirement and Australian women in the 21st century
face the same challenges they faced in the 20th. Reduced work rate participation, disproportional responsibility of unpaid caring work;
higher representation in part-time or low paid employment; pregnancy related discrimination, and the gender pay gap (Clare 2008, 2012,
Senate Economics Committee 2016). While theoretical frameworks, such as financialisation reveal irregular economic patterns andeffects of contemporary capitalism has on individuals and communities (Coppock, 2013, Haiven, 2014a), much literature has overlooked
how social actors navigate the precariousness of this process. Using a multi-level approach to my research, I maintain that women pushback against these economic processes by creating their own financial sustainability, the secret stash. By doing so, women are displaying
autonomy and creativeness that negates economic precariousness.
42451

16:00-16:30 | Tennyson Room (2F)

Ethnographic Insights Into the Thriving Initiatives for Sustainable Justice for Women in India
Karine Bates, Université de Montréal, Canada

In India, although people are aware of their rights, various economic and social factors limit their capabilities to claim their rights – likein many other countries around the world. Thus, the protection of women's rights often fall within the informal jurisdiction of local NGOsor other forms of community-based paralegal means of conflict resolution. Ethnographic fieldworks in villages and «slums-like areas»
with paralegal workers in Maharashtra and Kerala since 2001 allowed me to observe sustainable initiatives created by those legal actors
to ensure that women obtain the legal knowledge necessary to claim their rights and facilitate legal access. From an anthropologicalperspective, these alternatives allowing legal awareness, legal literacy and legal consciousness, reveals that these local actors havedeveloped a real expertise in the translation of legal jargon. By rendering it an accessible form of knowledge to individuals who do
not have law degrees, they provide valuable assistance to help those caught in various difficult situations, such as family disputes.
The conflict resolution strategies they have developed through practical experiences constitute an innovative syncretism within which
ongoing dialogues between Indian socio-legal practices and the State legal bureaucracy are taking place on a continuous basis. Throughthat process, they have articulated a comprehensive understanding of the meaning of the right to access justice hence ensuring that theheuristic of sustainability of justice become a reality for an increasing number of women.
42111

16:30-17:00 | Tennyson Room (2F)

Sisters in Sustainable Living: Gender-Driven Initiatives Promoting Social, Environmental, and Cultural Sustainability
Becky L. Jacobs, University of Tennessee College of Law, USA
Chelsea C. Jacobs, University of Tennessee, USA

Women comprise approximately 43 percent of agricultural labor globally, and an increasing number of women are choosing to pursue
agriculture as their occupation. Interestingly, women represent only 9% of all US farmers, but that figure rises to 21% for all Americanorganic farmers. The approach taken by women farmers to organic or sustainable agriculture is a paradigm shift from the moreconventional model strongly associated with masculinity. Sustainable women farmers work with less mechanized, natural methods,
and their farms have fewer acres than those of male farmers. Their operations are more diversified. Women who farm also have arecord of developing strong networks with their fellow women farmers to share information. Thus, these Sisters in Sustainability
appear to be applying gender-normativity to organic farming, prioritizing relationships and engaging in holistic, systems thinking that
integrates a broad range of relevant factors, such as the environment, food safety and nutrition, public health, and farm and community
economic improvement. This is a much broader scale of “relevance” than would be considered in conventional agriculture, cultivating
not only the social and economic sustainability of the farmer and her family but also of her network and local community. It also
protects biodiversity, indigenous knowledge, and environmental sustainability and preserves the cultural sustainability of historical
production methods and heritage seed varieties critical to food security. These Sisters in Sustainability are transforming traditionallymasculine spaces on farms socially, environmentally, and culturally. Promoting these dimensions of agricultural sustainability has thepotential to enrich more than our food system.

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15:30-17:00 | Keats Room (2F)

Saturday Session IV

Energy: Energy Economics and Ecological Economics
Session Chair: Fuyi Chen
42099

15:30-16:00 | Keats Room (2F)

Review of Post-Fukushima Electricity Market Reforms in Japan
Fuyi Chen, Niigata University, JapanThe TEPCO’s Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in March of 2011 is quite influential on the Japanese energy mix andelectricity market. Since the accident, the government of Japan has been reforming the electricity supply system in stages to reduce thedependence on nuclear power. The Feed-in Tariff system for renewable energy has been implemented since July 1, 2012, more than 4
years, and has significantly enhanced the usage of the renewable energy, especially the solar power. Meanwhile, the cost of the renewableenergy sources is reduced rapidly. The liberalization to the electricity retail market started since April 1, 2016. Although the achievementsof the electricity market reforms are remarkable, there are also a lot of future challenges to be faced. In this paper, the current status of theelectricity supplied in Japan is reviewed, the basic structure and the deficiency of Feed-in Tariff system of Japan is analyzed. The statusof liberalization of electricity retail market is explained.
39266

16:00-16:30 | Keats Room (2F)

Very Short-Term Electrical Energy Consumption Forecasting of a Household for the Integration of Smart Grids
Kasım Zor, Adana Science and Technology University, TurkeyOğuzhan Timur, Çukurova University, TurkeyÖzgür Çelik, Adana Science and Technology University, Turkey
Hatice Başak Yıldırım, Adana Science and Technology University, Turkey
Ahmet Teke, Çukurova University, Turkey

The recent integration of smart grid systems to present electric power systems and the increasing penetration of renewable energy
sources make electrical energy consumption forecasting not only a prominent subject but also an arduous challenge due to nonlinear
and nonstationary characteristics of electric loads which can be affected by seasonal effects, weather conditions, socioeconomic
dynamics, and random effects. Very short-term electrical energy consumption forecasting (VSTCF), which includes few minutes to anhour ahead forecasting of electrical energy consumption, provides monitoring energy consumption, finding base and peak loads, making
viable decisions for renewable energy investments such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, and enhancing energy management quality ofa household for smart grid integration. In this paper, for the first time in Turkey, the average of 5-minute electrical energy consumption
data of a household will be obtained by an energy logger during a 1-month period in order to perform VSTCF by using several artificial
intelligence (AI) topologies in the literature. After data pre-processing, different AI techniques will be applied to real-time data obtained
from a household in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey for the calculation of performance metrics such as mean absolute percentage
error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE).
42247

16:30-17:00 | Keats Room (2F)

Carbon Tax or Cap and Trade? A Comparative Analysis of Carbon Reduction Programs for the Province of Ontario
Olalekan Ajibade, Ryerson University, Canada
Philip Walsh, Ryerson University, Canada

Combating climate change and its impacts represents Goal 13 of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. It has beenrecognized that exponential growth in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities on the planet are impacting climate change
in a negative way. Certain countries around the world have introduced policies to limit GHG emissions at the federal, state, and provincial
levels. Some of these policies have included the introduction of either a carbon cap and trade program or a carbon tax program toencourage reductions in GHG emissions. These programs provide economic disincentives to using carbon-intensive fuels by industry
and the general public. Although a relatively new concept, the use of global carbon-revenue programs such as cap and trade or a carbon
tax have been compared in the research literature and an emerging debate has appeared around which program contributes more to
reducing GHG emissions and climate change. Our paper addresses this debate within the context of the Province of Ontario, Canada. We
provide an assessment of the impact of the cap and trade program on industry in Ontario by using the results of the ongoing carbon credit
auctions to determine which market participants are willing to utilize the carbon trading process and compare the efficacy of this programwith an alternative carbon tax. Our findings have implications for future energy policy regarding carbon-revenue programs for reducing
greenhouse gas emissions in Ontario.

56 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)Virtual
Presentations
Virtual presentations afford authors the opportunity to present their research to
IAFOR’s far-reaching and international online audience, without time restrictions,distractions or the need to travel. Presenters are invited to create a video of theirpresentation, which is then uploaded to the official IAFOR Vimeo channel and remains
online indefinitely. This is a valuable and impactful way of presenting in its own right,
but also an alternative means for those delegates who may be unable to travel to theconference due to financial or political restrictions.

www.vimeo.com/iafor

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www.vimeo.com/iafor

Virtual Presentations
40755

Experience Developing a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) on Sustainability
Kristin Palmer, University of Virginia, USA

This presentation will review the experience developing a seven week massive open online course (MOOC) on Sustainability and Systems
Thinking using examples from soccer/football. This presentation will run through the structure of the content and how the team decided
which content to produce for a global audience. Information will be shared around feedback from students, interactions on the discussion
forums, assessment overview and completion rates. Recommendations for moving forward developing more content to teach about
environmental sustainability will be shared.
42034

Bureaucracy of Power-Dependence in Domestic Politics, and Diplomacy of Linkage, Interdependence and SoftLaw between US, UK, EU and Japan
Yoshihiro Nagata, Nagoya University, Japan

This paper investigates the Bureaucracy of Power-Dependence in Domestic Politics and Diplomacy of Linkage, Interdependence and SoftLaw between the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union and Japan. This paper consists of three parts. First, this paper
explores the similarity of power-dependence in domestic politics and interdependence in diplomacy. I consider the power-dependence
theory in central-local government relations by Rhodes and the interdependence theory in international relations by Nye and Keohane,
and their common factors. The power-dependence is the political dependence between central government, bureaucracy, interest groups
and local government in common regimes. Interdependence is the mutual dependence relations between different regimes. Second, thispaper investigates the role of bureaucracy and central government which coordinate the politicians, Diet, parties and local government. In
negotiating the Japan-EU Economic Partnership Agreement that the European Union and Japan agreed on July 2017, negotiations were
determined by not only central government and bureaucracy, but also politicians and interest groups. Japan’s central government andbureaucracy have difficulty in coordinating the demand from domestic politicians and interest groups who have influenced politicians.
Third, this paper investigates linkage, interdependence and soft law between United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union andJapan, relations which have become stronger. The partnership between United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union and Japan
includes Soft Law. This paper investigates the degree of linkage and interdependence between United States, the United Kingdom, theEuropean Union and Japan.
41025

Nanocellulose: Types, Synthesis and Applications
Victor Effiong Etuk, University of Uyo, Nigeria
Innocent Oseribho Oboh, University of Uyo, Nigeria
Benjamin Reuben Etuk, University of Uyo, Nigeria
Esua Okon Johnson, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Kingsley Egemba, University of Uyo, Nigeria

Based on the current level of ecological awareness, it is difficult to ignore hazardous emissions from any industrial process or humanactivities because of its adverse impacts on the environment. The substitution of input materials with less- or non-toxic, eco-friendly
or renewable raw materials, where possible, has been the concern of various researchers in recent times. Nanocellulose, a subset of
nanoparticles obtained from cellulose which is one of the most abundant natural resources globally, has the potential to provide a sustainable,
renewable and environmentally benign building blocks, with improved characteristics for diverse applications in the nanotechnology
community for the benefit of mankind. In this paper, the three main categories of nanocellulose and synthesis approaches are presented.
It's applications in catalysis, thermal insulation, fire retardation, sensing and biosensing, waste water treatment, pharmaceuticals andmedicine are highlighted.
42457

The Fortune Inside the Garden: The Business Case for Sustainability
Maya Ali-Adib, John Molson School of Business, Canada
Mehdi Farashahi, John Molson School of Business, Canada

Short-termism (ST) is defined as the pressure exerted from the stock market on firms to deliver positive short term results, this pressure
drives investments away from sustainability and is considered a major obstacle to sustainability (UNGC, 2014). This paper investigates
how to overcome ST and recommends that the most feasible solution would be to approach ST differently. Instead of seeing ST as abarrier, we recommend seeing it as an opportunity. How? An interesting emerging consumer market segment is labeled the “conflictedconsumer”, these are consumers who carry environmental values and are willing to switch easily to any product that provides a better
environmental attributes at a price close to par with non-environmental products, it was estimated that they represent 25% of all consumers
and that this segment is growing fast. Our research recommends that companies catering to the conflicted consumer consumer segment
will overcome the problems of ST as they tap on a growing demand that would provide short term gains while delivering environmental
products. The paper investigates Whole Foods Market Inc. and how it managed to tap on this consumer segment by lowering their prices
and thus gaining consumer traffic from its rival conventional giant grocery stores. In addition, the research utilizes the Theory of Planned
Behavior to validate the research conducted by Fraser consultancy on conflicted consumers and finds that cost is the most significant
factor explaining the increased purchasing behavior of environmental products by this segment.

58 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

www.vimeo.com/iafor

Virtual Presentations
41490

Renewable Energy Solutions for Sustainable Fishing Practices and Improved Livelihoods of the Fisherfolk in
the South West Coast of India
Anand R. M., TRAMCO India, India

This paper looks at the application of renewable energy solutions for sustainable fishing practices and improved livelihoods of the fisherfolk
in the south west coast of India. This region is featured with the indigenous coastal community which is known for their traditional andsustainable fishing practices. At the same time, they are considered to be one of the most economically deprived communities. This ismainly because of the limited fish catch and the increasing operational costs that create financial instability. The current practices offishing methods highly depend on diesel and an existing study suggesting 70% of the total expense is spent for voyage alone. This leads
to increased financial burden on the fishermen as well as generating an environmental problem in terms of increased carbon emission
and pollution. In this context, the study is focused upon critical analysis of the usage of solar panels on fishing vessels that are used forthe pilot project and its techno financial analysis. Data were collected from the fisher folk through interactions with them in their livelihood
areas and secondary data from the peer reviewed sources. The results show solar energy could effectively reduce fuel consumption andimproved economic efficiency. However, the pilot project could not continue and extend to many areas as the capital investment was highand there was limited financial support. The study recommends a new model of integrated a solar and conventional fuel model and policy
framework to include a financial model reducing the primary cost burden on the fisherfolk.
41662

Simulating and Forecasting of Soil Moisture Content Variability Over Ogbomoso Agricultural Watershed Using
the SWAT Model
Olukunle Olaonipekun Oladapo, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria
Leonard Kofitse Amekudzi, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
Olatunde Micheal Oni, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria
Abraham Adewale Aremu, Ladoke Akintola University of Science and Technology, Nigeria
Marian Akwasi Osei, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana

Soil moisture has been recognised as an essential climate and hydrological variable that controls land surface processes. In this study,
the soil moisture content within the Ogbomoso watershed, Nigeria was simulated for a 34-year period using the hydrological model, Soil
Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The model was also used to predict soil moisture for a period of 20 years. The SWAT model was calibrated
and validated using observed soil moisture. The calibrated SWAT model performed well for the simulation of daily soil moisture. Statisticalmodel performance measures, coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.91, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (ENS) of 0.64 and percentage differenceof (D) of 13% for calibration and 0.88, 0.84 and 8% respectively for validation indicating good performance of the model simulations. The
soil moisture simulated by SWAT showed a generally decreasing trend from 1984 to 2017. The 20 year predicted soil moisture by SWAT
also showed a slightly decreasing trend from 2018 to 2037 which may have negative implications for crop yield. The variability in boththe simulated and predicted soil moistures generally respond to precipitation decreasing and temperature rising in the region. The results
suggest that SWAT model can reasonably simulate and forecast the spatiotemporal variation and trend of the soil moisture in the area.
Therefore, the SWAT model may become a good tool to study the regional hydrological variations and the interaction between the land andatmosphere. The result of this study could provide essential resource information for watershed managers.

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Submit your research to the

IAFOR Journal ofBusiness & Management
The IAFOR Journal of Business & Management is an internationally reviewed andeditorially independent interdisciplinary journal associated with IAFOR’s international
conferences on business and management. Like all IAFOR publications, it is freely
available to read online, and is free of publication fees for authors. The first issue
was published in August 2014, and the journal aims to publish annually.
Editor: Professor Anshuman Khare
ISSN: 2187-0659
Contact: ijbm@iafor.org / publications@iafor.org

Aims & Scope
The IAFOR Journal of Business & Management publishes articles touching on
international, intercultural, innovative and interdisciplinary issues in business
management that address challenges and solutions in a complex and rapidlychanging environment.
The journal editors welcome submissions related to business and management fromacademics, practitioners and professionals within the field. Full papers submitted
to the related IAFOR conference proceedings research repositories will also be
considered if the version submitted to the journal is revised and differs from thepreviously published article by at least 30 percent. All papers are reviewed equallyaccording to standard peer review processes, regardless of whether or not the authors
have attended a related IAFOR conference.

Editorial & Review Process
Following submission of an article, the Editor and Associate Editor review the paper
to make sure it aligns with the aims of the journal, as well as with the aims of IAFOR.
If the article does not touch on issues relating to at least two of the key IAFOR goals– interdisciplinary, intercultural and international – the paper is rejected without
undergoing peer review.
For more information please visit:www.ijbm.iafor.org
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Conference
Highlights:
The Past 12
MonthsSince 2009, IAFOR has welcomed university presidents, faculty deans, journalists,
national politicians, government ministers, diplomats, charity leaders, think tankdirectors, company presidents, documentary photographers, movie directors,
members of the armed forces, actors, lawyers, doctors, jurists, artists, poets, writers,
clergy, scientists, philosophers...
Here are some highlights from the past twelve months, from our events in six cities, infive countries, and over three continents.

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Above: Dr Megumi Rosenberg of the World Health Organization (WHO) engages with the audience in a “Health Across the Lifecourse” plenary panelat the Asian Conferences on the Social Sciences (ACSS2018), Sustainability, Energy and the Environment (ACSEE2018), and Aging and Gerontology(AGen2018), while Hiroshi Ishida, Professor of Sociology, in the University of Tokyo, looks on. Held in June, under the umbrella theme of "Surviving
and Thriving”, Kobe is also home to the WHO Centre for Health Development, which although based in Japan, is fully part of the WHO’s headquarters
in Geneva. The panel was chaired by James W. McNally, Research Scientist at the University of Michigan.
Below left: Philip Sugai of Doshisha Business School, Japan, delivers a featured presentation titled “Towards a Universal Standard of Value throughBlockchain” in which he speaks of his work creating and testing a theoretical model for the application of blockchain technology to marketing
practice with the aim of deepening scholarly and practical knowledge of how value is created, measured and managed for customers, firms,
employees, partners, society and the planet. Below right: Lowell Sheppard, Asia Pacific Director of the HOPE International Development Agency,
delivers a featured presentation on “Surviving and Thriving”, drawing on his experience working in and writing about intensely dysfunctional
communities, the result of war, disaster and extreme poverty.
Bottom left: Professor William Baber of Kyoto University’s Graduate School of Management, Japan delivers a workshop presentation introducing
and review some general aspects of negotiating in professional contexts. Bottom right: Kathryn M. Lavender, a project manager at the National
Archive of Computerized Data on Aging (NACDA) at the University of Michigan engages with attendees of a featured data research workshop.

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Above: The Asian Conferences on Cultural Studies (ACCS2018) and Asian Studies (ACAS2018) were held concurrently under the theme "Fearful
Futures: Cultural Studies and the Question of Agency in the Twenty-First Century" at the Art Center of Kobe in May. Here Haruko Satoh chairs aplenary panel titled “Fearful Futures: Rescuing Asian Democracy”. Professor Satoh is professor at Osaka University’s School of International Public
Policy (OSIPP) where she lectures on Japan’s relations with Asia and identity in international relations, and co-director of the OSIPP-IAFOR ResearchCentre. The panelists from left to right are Colin Dürkop, Visiting Fellow at Kyoto University, Japan and formerly of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung(KAS); Pavin Chachavalpongpun, a leading Thai public intellectual, who is also associate professor at Kyoto University’s Center for Southeast AsianStudies; and Takuma Melber, coordinator of the Master’s programme Transcultural Studies Programme at The University of Heidelberg.
Below left: Helen Gilbert, Professor of Theatre at Royal Holloway, University of London, delivers a keynote on “Indigenous Resurgence andEnvironmental Justice on the Global Stage”. Below right: Vinay Lal is Professor of History and Asian American Studies at UCLA, and one of theworld’s foremost scholars of Indian history, historiography, and culture in India. In a wide-ranging lecture on “The Challenge of the Global South”
he highlighted what he termed the challenge of Bandung, which is to try to understand whether the Global South can mount an intellectual andsocio-cultural defence that would facilitate the conditions for an ecologically genuine survival of plurality. Bottom left: Poet and academic Tammy
Lai-Ming Ho of Hong Kong Baptist University answers questions following her keynote on “Poetic Resistance and Empowerment”, which looked at
how Western literature and culture are incorporated into the expression of a unique Hong Kong identity. Bottom right: Donald E. Hall, Dean of Lehigh
University’s College of Arts and Sciences, delivers a keynote presentation titled “The Cities We Fled”, discussing the city of his birth: Birmingham,
Alabama (USA), which encouraged the audiences to consider their own relationship with their own cities as sites of pleasure and pain.

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Above left: Professor Diane Hawley Nagatomo of Ochanomizu University, Japan, delivers the opening Keynote Presentation at The
Asian Conference on Language Learning (ACLL2018), held in Kobe, Japan. The conference theme was “Surviving and Thriving:
Education in Times of Change”, and Professor Nagatomo reflected this in her address exploring questions of gender, and personal
and professional identity among Western female English Language Teachers in Japan “Surviving and Thriving in the Gendered Watersof Japan: Ten Women’s Stories”. Above right: The second Keynote Speaker was Professor Bonny Norton of the University of British
Columbia, Canada, who joined the conference by video link, and also tackled questions of identity in her insightful Keynote Presentation
on “Identity and Language Learning in an Unequal Digital World”.
Below left: Professor Ken Urano of Hokkai-Gakuen University, Japan, listens to questions following his Featured Presentation at
ACLL2018, titled “Task-Based Language Teaching in an English for Business Purposes Program”. Below right: Professor Emerita Judy
Noguchi delivers a Featured Presentation on English for Specific Purposes (ESP) entitled “A New Paradigm for English Language
Teaching in Asian Contexts”. A Professor Emerita of Kobe Gakuin University, Judy Noguchi served as the first Dean of its Faculty of
Global Communication. She served as Vice-President of JACET (The Japan Association of College English Teachers) from 2015 to 2017and as President of JACET Kansai Chapter from 2010 to 2015.

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Above left: Professor Umberto Ansaldo, Chair of the School of Humanities at The University of Hong Kong, delivers a wide-ranging
keynote that looked at controversial questions of language preservation and conservation in “Heritage in Language?”, as part of aplenary panel on Language and Heritage. The panel explored issues surrounding the role of heritage languages in contemporary society
and education, both from theoretical perspectives as well as practical solutions. Above right: Dr Lisa Lim, Head of the Departmentof English and at the University of Hong Kong and a noted scholar on the sociolinguistics of globalisation, delivered a keynote on“Heritage in Language: Nurturing Collective, Socially Relevant and Transformative Research in Education”. Here she is pictured in an
exchange during the moderated panel which followed both presentations.
Below left: Professor Steve Cornwell IAFOR President, also Vice-President of Osaka Jogakuin University, Japan, takes part in a Featured
Panel Presentation on “Language Learning in a Time of Complexity and Change” at ACLL2018, which asked and encouraged delegatesto reflect and draw on their own experiences in language learning education. Below centre: Professor Ted O’Neill of Gakushuin
University, Japan, and an IAFOR Vice-President, speaks as part of the same panel on his experience helping to found a new faculty at
the university. Below right: Professor Jo Mynard, Director of the Self-Access Learning Centre (SALC) at Kanda University of International
Studies (KUIS) in Japan in a light-hearted moment engaging with a member of the audience in the same panel.

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Above left: Professor Eun Kyung Min of Seoul National University, South Korea delivers a Keynote Presentation entitled “TheProspect ... towards the East”: Reorienting Eighteenth-Century British Literature”. Her research interests include Enlightenment
ethics and aesthetics, the history of literary canon formation, and early modern cultural history; she is also interested in Asian
literature in English, Asian American Literature, and Asian cultural production in general. Her keynote was delivered as a part of The
Asian Conference of Arts and Humanities (ACAH2018), where the conference theme was "Recentering: Asian Spaces, Cultures andIdeas in the 21st Century". Above centre: Professor Li Ou of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong responds to a question
following her Keynote Presentation entitled “British Romanticism in China: Received, Revised, and Resurrected”. Li Ou is Associate
Professor at Department of English, the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Professor Ou’s research interests include Romantic poetry
and cultural/literary relations between China and Britain. Above right: Professor Georges Depeyrot of the Ecole Normale Superieure,
Paris, and Director of the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative, introduces the scope of the programme to delegates at ACAH2018. Professor
Depeyrot is a monetary historian and Board Member of the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), France. He is
the author or co-author of more than one hundred volumes, and is the founding director of the Moneta publishing house, the mostimportant collection of books on the topic of money. Professor Depeyrot is a member of the board of trustees of the Centre Nationalde Recherche Scientifique.
Below left: Dr Yutaka Mino of the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art, Japan delivers a Keynote Presentation on The Ceramic Road
as part of the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative at ACAH2018. Dr Mino is the Director of the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art, where theconference plenary session was held, and one of Japan’s leading museum curators, as well as a Chinese ceramic and art historianof international renown. Below right: Dr Shoso Shimbo is a leading exponent of Ikebana, the Japanese art of flower arrangement. Dr
Shimbo was selected by Belle magazine as one of six “Australia’s top floral designers” and has won multiple awards including theGold Award at the Melbourne International Flower & Garden Show. He is a director of the International Society of Ikebana Studies andhe teaches “Japanese Aesthetics: From Ikebana to Contemporary Art” at RMIT. Here he is seen with his beautiful creation, following
a demonstration at the ACAH Welcome Reception.

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Above: The 2018 ACAH Conference in Kobe hosted a series of IAFOR Silk Road Initiative associated presentations on the conference
theme of "Recentering: Asian Spaces, Cultures and Ideas in the 21st Century", using this as the lense through which researchers
associated with the Initiative discussed a range of topics, covering art and culture, as well as history, politics, and international relations,and a special symposium was organised with the cooperatIon of Kobe University and the Nara National Museum, both of whichorganisations IAFOR will work on a planned Silk Road Conference in 2019. Pictured here after the presentations (from left to right)
are Dr Sakae Naito, Chief Curator of the Nara National Museum and expert on Buddhist art; Kiyomitsu Yui, Professor of Sociology andExecutive Director of the Centre for EU Academic Collaboration at Kobe University; Professor Hiroko Masumoto, Dean of the Graduate
School of Humanities of Kobe University; Professor Noriyuki Inoue, Vice-President of Kobe University, and Professor Georges Depeyrot,
Director of the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative. For more information about the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative, please visit www.silkroad.iafor.org.
Below left: Professor Ka-ho Joshua Mok listens to a response to his Keynote Presentation on “The Quest for World-class University
Status: The Role of Liberal Arts University Nurturing Leaders for Uncertain Futures”. Professor Mok is the Vice-President and concurrently
Lam Man Tsan Chair Professor of Comparative Policy of Lingnan University, Hong Kong, and one of the world’s leading scholars ininternational higher education research. His recent published works have focused on comparative social development and social policy
responses in the Greater China region and East Asia. He is also the founding Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Asian Public Policy (London:
Routledge) and Asian Education and Development Studies (Emerald) as well as a Book Series Editor for Routledge and Springer. Below
middle: Dr Xu Di of the University of Hawai’i at Manoa, USA discusses issues of education and ethics as part of a plenary panel entitled“The Challenge to Survive and Thrive in the 21st Global Learning Space/Community: Technology and Ethics”. Xu Di is an educational
philosopher and professor in the department of Education Foundations, at the College of Education in the University of Hawai’i-Mānoa
whose research focuses on bridging Eastern and Western philosophy for educational practices. Below right: Professor Curtis Ho delivers
a presentation as part of the same panel. Professor Ho is Department Chair and Graduate Chair of the Learning Design and Technology
department at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa, who is a noted expert in educational media research, interactive multimedia, web-based
instruction, distance education, video technology, and computer-based education.

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Above left: Professor Dexter Da Silva, Professor of Educational Psychology at Keisen University in Tokyo, delivers a presentationas part of the Featured Panel entitled “Psychological Literacy: The Most Important Literacy for the 21st Century”, at the jointly held
Asian Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences, and the Asian Conference on Ethics, Religion & Philosophy in Kobe.
Dr Da Silva He has taught EFL at junior high school, language schools and universities in Sydney, Australia, and for more than two
decades has been living and teaching at the tertiary level in Japan. Above right: Professor Ronald Mellado Miller of Brigham Young
University, Hawaii, fields questions during the same panel. An academic psychologist, Dr Miller’s main interests are in the areas ofapplied statistical analysis and predictive modelling. He has led research in Tonga, Fiji, and Samoa, working with governments andNGOs to improve educational and other social outcomes.
Below left: Dr James W. McNally of the University of Michigan, USA and the NACDA Program on Aging, in a lighter moment during
his Featured Presentation on a serious topic; “Patterns of Depression Among Elderly Asian Immigrants to the United States Overthe Past Decade”. Dr McNally is the Director of the NACDA Program on Aging, a data archive containing over 1,500 studies related
to health and the aging lifecourse. He has worked extensively on issues related to international aging and changing perspectives on
the role of family support in the later stages of the aging lifecourse. A Vice-President of IAFOR, he is the Chair of the Social Sciences& Sustainability division of the International Academic Advisory Board. Below right: Professor Frank S. Ravitch of Michigan State
University College of Law, USA, is a constitutional lawyer with an international reputation who works across the fields of ethics,
religion and law. He has authored several books, including Freedom’s Edge: Religious Freedom, Sexual Freedom, and the Future ofAmerica (Cambridge University Press, 2016); Marketing Creation: The Law and Intelligent Design (Cambridge University Press 2012),
and Masters of Illusion: The Supreme Court and the Religion Clauses (NYU Press 2007), as well as amicus briefs to the U.S. Supreme
Court. Here he delivers a wide-ranging, timely and powerful Keynote Presentation entitled “Law, Religion and Authoritarianism: From
State Shinto to Religio-Trumpism”, in which he draws some uncomfortable parallels between the present political situation in the
USA with darker moments in Japan’s past.

68 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)Dubai’s Festival City again hosted The IAFOR International Conferences on Education and Language Learning (IICEDubai and
IICLLDubai), and attracted delegates from across the region as well as further afield as research and presentations focussed
on the conference theme of Surviving and Thriving: Education in Times of Change. Both research focussed and more practicalpresentations and workshops were organised over the three days of the conference, and included presentations by representativesof the UAE Ministry of Education.
Above left: Dr Christine Coombe of Dubai Men's College, UAE, responds to questions following her Keynote Address entitledClassroom Management: Empirical and Practical Perspectives. Dr Coombe is a widely published academic, a past presidentof TESOL International and sits on the IAFOR International Academic Advisory Board. Above right: Dr Deena Boraie delivers
a Keynote Address, “Exploring English Language Education in the MENA Region Now and in the Future”, in which she drew onher experiences in Egypt. Dr Boraie is dean and professor of practice at the School of Continuing Education at The American
University in Cairo.
Below left: Dr Martin Spraggon of the Mohammed Bin Rashid School of Government expands on the local context, giving an
overview of educational policy, in his Featured Presentation on “Key Trends, Challenges and Opportunities in the Field of Higher
Education in the UAE”.Below right: Dr Sufian Abu-Rmaileh of the UAE University listens to delegates giving feedback after his
engaging presentation entitled “Using Critical Thinking Techniques in the Classroom”. Dr Abu-Rmaileh is a past president of
TESOL Arabia.
Bottom left: Professor Mustafa Hashim Taha of the American University of Sharjah, UAE, examined entertainment education with
an emphasis on the role of theatre in promoting political reconciliation in post-apartheid South Africa in his thought-provoking andwide ranging Keynote Presentation. Bottom right: Dr Virginia Bodolica of the American University of Sharjah, UAE delivers a Featured
Presentation that addressed the wider conference theme of Surviving and Thriving in Times of Change with her featured address on“In the Era of Disruptive Transformations: Embracing the Imperative of Dynamic Adaptation to the Evolving World of Work”.

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Some 250 scholars and educators from more than 40 countries came together for the IAFOR International Conferences on Education(IICEHawaii2018), and Sustainability, Energy and the Environment (IICSEEHawaii2018) at the Hawaii International Convention Center in Honolulu,
Hawaii for an event held in partnership with the University of Hawaii at Manoa, and with the support of the East West Center, Brigham Young
University, and the World Bank.
Above left: Dr Joseph Haldane, Chairman and CEO of IAFOR chaired a plenary panel entitled “Educational Policy: Does the Democratisation of
Education in Educational Systems Fuel Economic and Social Inequality?”. Above right: Professor Xu Di and David P. Ericson, both renowned
educational philosophers based at the University of Hawai’i at Manoa, delivered addresses first, giving both the local context and then drawing
on examples from other countries, before Dr Haldane then opened the floor to questions and then a more general discussion of the topic.
Below left: Dr Xiaoyan Liang is a Lead Education Specialist in the World Bank, with a focus on educational development in Africa and East
Asia. Her wide ranging keynote, “Education in a Changing World: New Partnership and Changing Paradigm for Education Development”, wassponsored by the World Bank. Below right: Dr Andy Curtis of Anaheim University, USA, a language educator with an international reputation, andpast president of TESOL International, delivered a funny but stinging keynote entitled “‘Ignorance is Bliss’: The New Anti-Education Movement”,
that looked at educators navigating a world in which political leaders often boast of their ignorance, rather than education.

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Above left: Dr Failautusi ‘Tusi’ Avegalio is the director of the Pacific Business Center Program and the executive director of the Honolulu
Minority Business Enterprise Center at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa’s Shidler College of Business. Descended from a long line of
Samoan chiefs, Dr Tusi was raised in the coastal village of Leone in American Samoa before receiving university education in the UnitedStates, and becoming a professor. Here he delivers a keynote address that looks at the importance of respecting indigenous knowledge andwisdom in the context of modern educational systems. Above centre: Dr Sela V. Panapasa of the University of Michigan, USA, addresses the“Surviving and Thriving in Times of Change” theme of the conference in her excellent keynote address entitled, “Anticipating Educational
Needs That Ensure a Diverse, Equitable, and Inclusive Workforce for a Changing U.S. Population”. Dr Panapasa is a sociologist who wasborn in Fiji, and who has worked extensively throughout the Pacific Islands. Above right: Dr Sheri-Ann Daniels is the executive director of
Papa Ola Lōkahi, the Native Hawaiian health board, and chair of Nā Limahana o Lonopūhā, the Native Hawaiian Health Consortium. Hereshe delivers a keynote presentation entitled “Native Hawaiian Health: Opportunities to Develop A Healthy Leadership and Workforce”.
Below left: Dr Richard R. Vuylsteke is President of the East-West Center, a renowned and unique institution that promotes better relations
and understanding among the people and nations of the United States, Asia, and the Pacific through cooperative study, research, anddialogue. His wide ranging keynote address introduced some particular East-West Center approaches to education, including “place
utility,” “cross-cubed” programs, and social media umbrellas, and he asked delegates of the ways in which they might be able to implement
such approaches in their home institutions. Below right: Dr Hiagi M. Wesley, responds to questions following his keynote entitled “PacificIndigenous Perspectives vs Global Ways of Learning”, which dovetailed perfectly with Dr Avegalio’s address, and looked at the value ofindigenous ways of learning. A Rotuman by birth, Dr Wesley is Director of the Center for Hawaiian and Pacific Island Studies and Associate
Dean in the College of Arts and Humanities at Brigham Young University, Hawaii.

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The Asian Conference on Media, Communication and Film (MediAsia) 2017 was held in Kobe, Japan, with the conference theme of “History,
Story and Narrative”.
Above left: Multi-Emmy Award winning filmmaker, and former NBC television producer, Gary Swanson, opens the MediAsia 2017 conferencewith a hard-hitting keynote on “Fake News and the Attack on America’s Freedom of the Press”, in which he outlined the hostility of Donald
Trump and his administration toward the press, arguing that “the press is the enemy; nothing it says should be believed; and there is no role orneed for the press in American democracy”. Above right: Professor Virgil Hawkins of Osaka University’s School of International Public Policy(OSIPP) describes the Global News View (GNV) research centre, dedicated to working towards the realisation of an information environment
in which people can comprehensively and objectively view the world and the issues it faces, in the context of little or no information aboutcertain issues or geographic areas of the world, leading to a lack of care and attention about events in these places.
Below left: Professor Yoneo Ota of Osaka University of Arts, and founding director of Kyoto’s Toy Film Museum talks about the project tocollect and restore privately held toy films to reconstitute a historical record and archive, and reappraisal of their value in documenting
Japanese society. Below right: William Lindesay OBE is a renowned geographer, author and film-maker, celebrate inside and outside China
for his long and steady commitment to the study and preservation of the Great Wall(s) of China, despite his earliest efforts falling repeatedly
foul of the Chinese authorities. His keynote showed how diverse, personal, unconventional and “foreign” approaches have made significant
contributions to the surprisingly narrow, Sino-centric and limited corpus of Great Wall knowledge, as well as popular understanding.

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Above left: Professor Richard Roth of Northwestern’s Medill School of Journalism delivered a very personal keynote address on theyear of his retirement, looking at how he has tried throughout his career as a journalist and educator to mentor and nurture young talent
in an industry where it is said that there is no apprenticeship. His presentation talked about his own experience as a rookie reporter
coming of age in a foreboding American prison called Attica, one part of an American system that holds more than 2 million people
captive, more than in any other nation. Roth was one of two newspaper reporters inside the prison yard at Attica during the September
9-13 riots in 1971, serving on the Select Observers Committee, and his subsequent writing about Attica earned him a 1972 nomination
for the Pulitzer Prize. Above right: Dr Yutaka Mino, Director of the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art (the conference venue), is one
of Japan’s most sought after museum directors, and among the country’s most prominent supporters of the public and educationalrole of art. In this keynote address he describes how an art museum can strategically write (or paint) itself into the history, story andnarrative of a city, or else consign itself to irrelevance.
Below: The Asian Conference on Media, Communication and Film (MediAsia) 2017 was held at the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art
and attracted 125 delegates from 25 countries. Here delegates pose outside the Tadao Ando designed building, and in front of Kenji
Yanobe’s Sun Sister.
For more information about The Asian Conference on Media, Communication and Film (MediAsia) please visit www.mediasia.iafor.org.

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The Asian Conference on Education 2017 (ACE2017) saw more than 250 scholars from 38 countries come together in
Kobe, Japan to look at the theme of “Educating for Change” from a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives, cultural
backgrounds, and national contexts.
Above left: Dr Charles Allen Brown of Hokkaido University, Japan, in a lighter moment following his featured
presentation at ACE2017, which looked at, and questioned the hitherto unassailable position of the native speakerin language learning. Above right: Dr Paul Lai of Nagoya University’s academic writing center delivers a featured
address on how his pioneering center has helped research students and faculty develop clear and convincing ideas
in their research writing, thus improving publication chances and impact.
Below left: Dr Connie Guberman of The University of Toronto, listens to questions following her featured address on
an initiative using oral history as a means of educating for change by challenging traditional institutional structuresof knowledge creation. Below centre: Dr Jack Frawley of the University of Sydney’s National Centre for CulturalCompetence delivers a plenary address on leadership and intercultural studies. Below right: Dr Tzu-Bin Lin of the
National Taiwan Normal University explains how professional development and leadership programs are developing
on Taiwan to raise standards in secondary schools.

74 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)Opposite Bottom: After an amazing taiko drum performance and interactive music workshop, delegates from aroundthe world mix with local students from AIE International High School's drum club.
Above left: Dr Joseph McClanahan of Creighton University (USA), and co-convenor of The Asian Undergraduate
Research Symposium (AURS) delivered a wide ranging featured address on how mentoring undergraduate students
provides tools for student success after graduation, and concentrating on the importance that educators continue
to adapt and develop new approaches that create equal opportunities for productive educational experiences for all
students. Above right: Dr Yvonne Masters of the University of New England, Australia, and AURS co-convenor, asks
the conference to consider two simple but fundamental questions when we talk about change in Education, “By
Whom?” and “For Whom?”.
Below: A group shot of delegates, taken in the Art Center Kobe venue, reflecting the diversity of attendees at The Asian
Conference on Education. The next ACE event will be held in Tokyo, Japan, from Saturday, October 13, 2018 ​to Monday,
October 15, 2018. For more information please visit www.ace.iafor.org.

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Above left: Dr Simon Sleight, Senior Lecturer in Australian History at King's College London delivers a Keynote Speech at The IAFOR
International Conference on the City 2017 (City2017) in Barcelona, addressing delegates on the topic of memory and the modern city. Dr
Sleight’s work explores the history of urban place-making, the evolution of youth cultures and the Australian presence in Britain. Aboveright: Internationally renowned constitutional lawyer and jurist Professor Adrien Katherine Wing gives a Keynote Presentation at The
IAFOR International Conference on Global Studies 2017 (Global2017) on the legal status of women of colour around the world undernational and international law. Professor Wing is the Associate Dean of International & Comparative Law Programs at the University of
Iowa College of Law, USA, and was involved in the drafting of the South Africa and Kosovo constitutions.
Below left: Multiple Academy Award winning documentary filmmaker, Mark Jonathan Harris, director of Breaking Point: The War for
Democracy in Ukraine, an Official Selection of the IAFOR Documentary Film Award 2016, responds to questions following his Featured
Presentation entitled “Breaking Point – Ukraine in the Era of Trump” at Global2017. Professor Harris is Distinguished Professor in the
School of Cinematic Arts at the University of Southern California, USA , where he heads the documentary program. Below right: MarkJonathan Harris's award-winning documentary, Breaking Point: The War for Democracy in Ukraine, was screened at City/Global2017 andwas followed by a Q&A with the Director.

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Above left: In a City2017 Featured Presentation, Gloria Montero, celebrated Spanish novelist, playwright and poet, offers her own insights into thecity of Barcelona, where she has made her home and where City2017 was held. Above centre: Professor Georges Depeyrot, monetary historianat the ENS (Paris) and Member of the Board of Trustees of the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), France, introduces the
IAFOR Silk Road Initiative in an information session at Global2017. Above right: In a Keynote Presentation entitled “Refuge: Refugee: Moonlightand Precarious Love” at Global2017, Professor Baden Offord of the Centre for Human Rights Education, Curtin University, Australia, discusses
the human condition in relation to people’s suffering around their sexuality with reference to the Academy Award winning film, Moonlight.
Below: An image from the series Single Mothers of Afghanistan by Canadian/Iranian photojournalist Kiana Hayeri, Grand Prize Winnerof the 2017 IAFOR Documentary Photography Award. Winners were announced at The European Conference on Media, Communication& Film 2017 (EuroMedia2017) in Brighton, UK. As an organisation, IAFOR’s mission is to promote international exchange, facilitate
intercultural awareness, encourage interdisciplinary discussion, and generate and share new knowledge. In keeping with this mission,
in appreciation of the great value of photography as a medium that can be shared across borders of language, culture and nation, and to
influence and inform our academic work and programmes, the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award was launched as a competition
that would help underline the importance of the organisation’s aims, and would promote and recognise best practice and excellence. In
support of up-and-coming talent, the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award is free to enter. For more information about the award,
please visit: www.iaforphotoaward.org.

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Above left: Dr Paul Lowe, Founding Judge of the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award, gives a Keynote Presentation on “Testimonies oflight: Photography, Witnessing and History” at The European Conference on Media, Communication & Film 2017 (EuroMedia2017). Dr Loweis an award-winning photojournalist who has covered breaking news around the world, including the fall of the Berlin Wall, Nelson Mandela’s
release, famine in Africa, the conflict in the former Yugoslavia and the destruction of Grozny. Above right: In a Featured Panel Presentation at
The European Conference on Arts & Humanities 2017 (ECAH2017) Professor Donald Hall, Dr Linda Schwarz and Professor Amanda Bright
discuss the challenges of doing research and creative activity in the arts and humanities today. Donald E. Hall is a Vice-President of IAFOR and
Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Lehigh University; USA. Linda Schwarz is Dean of the Faculty of Arts & Science and Professor ofInterdisciplinary Studies at Ambrose University, Canada, and. Amanda Bright has been Head of the School of Art at the University of Brighton, UK.
Below left: At EuroMedia2017, Dr Rodney Hill of the Lawrence Herbert School of Communication at Hofstra University, USA, and Francis
Ford Coppola Archivist presents on the topic of “Mythologizing One’s Own History Through Narrative” by referencing Coppola’s Tetro”.
Below right: Dr Alfonso García Osuna, Editor of the IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities, delivered a Spotlight Presentation entitled “ReCreating the Past: Fascist Comics and the Rehabilitation of History”, at ECAH2017. Dr Osuna has taught at Hofstra University in New York,USA, for over thirty years.
Bottom: The Conference Welcome Reception provides a great opportunity for delegates to network and get to know each other.

78 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)IAFOR Silk
Road Initiative
The IAFOR Silk Road Initiative encourages individuals and institutions working
across the world to support and undertake research centring on the contact
between countries and regions in Europe and Asia – from Gibraltar to Japan –and the maritime routes that went beyond, into the South-East Continent and thePhilippines, and later out into the Pacific Islands and the United States. The IAFOR
Silk Road Initiative is concerned with all aspects of this contact, and examines
both material and intellectual traces, as well as consequences.

www.silkroad.iafor.org

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IAFOR Silk Road Initiative
As an organisation, IAFOR’s mission is to promote international exchange, facilitate interculturalawareness, encourage interdisciplinary discussion, and generate and share new knowledge. In 2018,
we are excited to launch a major new and ambitious international, intercultural and interdisciplinary
research initiative that uses the silk road trade routes as a lens through which to study some of theworld’s largest historical and contemporary geopolitical trends, shifts and exchanges.
IAFOR is headquartered in Japan, and the 2018 inauguration of this project aligns with the 150th
anniversary of the Meiji Restoration of 1868, when Japan opened its doors to the trade and ideas thatwould precipitate its rapid modernisation and its emergence as a global power. At a time when global
trends can seem unpredictable, and futures fearful, this Silk Road Initiative gives the opportunity torevisit the question of the impact of international relations from a long-term perspective.
This ambitious initiative will encourage individuals and institutions working across the world to encourage
research centring on the contact between countries and regions in Europe and Asia, from Gibraltar to
Japan, and the maritime routes that went beyond into the South-East Continent and the Philippines, andlater out into the Pacific Islands and the United States. The IAFOR Silk Road Initiative will concern all
aspects of this contact, and will examine both material and intellectual traces, as well as consequences.
A series of round tables on the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative were held in Japan, the UK and Spain in
2017, and the initiative will become a central aspect of a series of conferences, meetings, seminars
and workshops from 2018 in Asia, Europe and North America.

Rationale
The occidentalisation of history and the grand narrative of European and American progress has
consigned the Silk Road instead to historical quaintness, exotic literary caricature in the adventuresof Marco Polo, or the sort of esoteric academic investigations that receive little attention. This largely
ignores its huge historical and present-day importance and relevance to the routes and paths that
continue to connect humans through trade and exchange.
In a world of rankings, algorithms, unedited “news”, and self-referential “centres of excellence”, it is facile
to conclude that the centre and pinnacle of all knowledge is held by a few pockets of venture-capitalbacked open-plan offices in Silicon Valley, or schools and universities in which the cloistered architecture
does not even offer the pretence of openness. Globalisation, and the technology that has enabled it,
has allowed an immense flowering of possibilities in communication and access to knowledge, whileat the same time increasing alienation from self and society, encouraging “virtual” worlds, creating andcementing fissures, and encouraging fear of the foreign. It is only through encounters with difference
that we are able to shape ourselves and our ideas, and physical human interaction is and remains at thesource of all value. The international, intercultural and interdisciplinary meetings that lie at the heart of
IAFOR and this research initiative have never been more important in our globalised world.

Lead Institutions
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

The International Academic Forum (IAFOR), Japan
Osaka University, JapanThe IAFOR Research Centre (IRC), Japan
Belgrade University, Serbia
École Normale Supérieure (ENS), France
DAMIN, France
MONETA, France

If you wish to be informed of the latest news and developments, please subscribe to the mailing liston the IAFOR Silk Road Initiative website: www.silkroad.iafor.org

80 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)IAFOR Silk Road Initiative2018 Moscow Roundtable Report
The first IAFOR Silk Road Initiative roundtable of 2018 was held in Moscow on February 21, andin partnership with Moscow State University.
The event was hosted by the Moscow State University Institute of Asian and African Studies, andopened by the Director of the Institute, renowned scholar of politics and international relations,
Professor Igor I. Abylgaziev. Attended by a group of invited scholars from both universities in
Moscow and abroad, the Roundtable was organised with the kind support of the President of
the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Area Studies, Professor Svetlana Ter Minasova, and Dr
Elena Mishieva, Academic Secretary of the same faculty, and IAFOR Silk Road Initiative Project
Coordinator in Moscow.
The roundtable was co-chaired by Professor Georges Depeyrot of the École Normale Supérieure(ENS), Paris, and Board member of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS),
and Dr Joseph Haldane, Chairman and CEO of IAFOR, and took as its subject, “International
Academic Cooperation in Uncertain Times”. The topic was very timely, as this is a period of great
global political uncertainty.
Professor Svetlana Ter Minasova delivered the opening address, which set the scene by underliningthat most senior academics had effectively lived in two separate countries in succession; The
Soviet Union until 1991, and then Russia since that time. She described the Soviet times as the“Kingdom of Prohibitions”, where everything was governed by what could not be done, and by
what was prohibited, and there existed an insularity and isolationism, making relations withcountries outside the communist sphere difficult.
With the fall of the erstwhile “enemy” of the USSR, the new Russia became suddenly very
popular, as different Western companies, NGOs and universities, sought to quickly build relations
with the country, and money started to pour in as people sought to gain market position andinfluence. Although that created funding pools that had until that point been non-existent, it alsoushered in an era of inflation, and meant university lecturer wages were not enough to live on,
and obliged many to engage in supplementary private tuition, with academics being underpaid
and overworked. This has led to the familiar problem of a brain drain, and economic migration,
as Russian academics sought higher paid opportunities abroad. Although there have beenmarket reforms introduced, the state educations system remains slow and highly bureaucratic.
A presentation by Dr Lubov Kulik of the Faculty of Economics at Moscow State University spokeof the economics of education in a presentation that considered education as both a public good
and a commodity. [Report continued on the next page]
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Recently, Russia has found itself more distanced from the west, as a result of, and resulting in,a context of increased authoritarianism and nationalism, and this has often made international
research collaborations more difficult, and has seen cuts in funding from such programs as
Erasmus +. For its part, the Russian funding bodies have continued to prioritise STEM subjects
over the liberal arts, following a policy that mirrors most other countries. In the non-scienceareas of study, funding is more often directed towards internationally and internally sensitive
issues that are often geared towards encouraging internal cohesion, nation building and so on,
and in areas such as geopolitics, minority languages and religions; not surprising given that
Russia is at once an old and a young country.
The intellectual life of the country is heavily weighted in Moscow and St Petersburg, although
there are attempts to ensure that other parts of the country are well funded, and there are wellrespected state universities elsewhere in the country, such as Novosibirsk and Vladivostok, aswell as satellite campuses in the former Soviet republics, where Russia maintains considerable
economic, cultural and linguistic influence.
The country also enjoys relations with many of the countries it now borders, and although theseare historically weighted both positively and negatively, reflect a continued strong regional andcultural influence, where there are also large minority ethnic Russian populations. China has
enjoyed a continued intellectual relationship with Russia, and there are frequent exchanges ofstudents and professors alike, and Russian enjoys continued popularity in China, while Chinese
is becoming a more popular language option. Professor Tatiana Dobrosklonskaya of Moscow
State University, and a Visiting Professor at Beijing International Studies University gavea presentation which looked at the relationship and an overview of educational and cultural
exchange between the two countries.
Professor Ljiljana Markovic, Dean of the Faculty of Philology at the University of Belgrade closed
the symposium by speaking of the modernisation paradigms of education, and in a context
of political instability, drawing attention to crises of identity, both individual and national. She
underlined that we must seek ways to collaborate, to work together, and that this is both aphilosophical and practical commitment.
In all, the symposium was a great success, and we look forward to future IAFOR Silk Road
Initiative events.
Dr Joseph Haldane
Chairman and CEO, IAFOR

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Innovation andValue Initiative
www.iafor.org/innovation-and-value-initiative/

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Innovation and Value Initiative

Innovation and Value Initiative
More than ever, solutions to the transnational challenges, from climate change, sustainability to
refugee crises, are in need of radically new approaches that depart from the present institutional
limitations of global governance. Interdisciplinary and cross-sector collaboration, between
science/technology and the humanities or public and private sectors, in search of new values andmodels of how we conduct businesses, produce food or even live, are recognised widely as theway forward, as has been demonstrated in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals(SDG) that usefully combines the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals (public) andGlobal Compact (private sector).
Moreover, as the world confronts the limits of Western concepts of innovation and the value thatthese bring, other unique, sustainable and inclusive models of innovation may have important andglobally applicable lessons that could guide the future of innovation and value creation initiatives
around the world. Even though global connectivity has been greatly enhanced, there are local orregional pockets of ecosystems with demonstrated capacities to survive over centuries, and yetthese are hardly recognised or properly integrated into the theoretical underpinnings that inform
international practices and policies.
As a way to take part in this global endeavour to renovate the current international system and create
new values, the IAFOR Research Centre is proud to announce the Innovation and Value Initiative thatwill start as a three nodes project in the following areas: Value and International Economy, Value andInternational Politics and Value and Social Innovation.

Lead Researchers•••

Haruko Satoh – Professor, OSIPP, Osaka University, Japan
Philip Sugai – Professor, Doshisha University, Graduate School of Business, Japan
Toshiya Hoshino – Ambassador and Deputy Permanent Representative of Japan to the United
Nations

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About the Initiative
The purpose of the Innovation and Value Initiative is to explore the drivers, processes and outcomesof innovation and value creation across countries, markets, industries and sectors and identify thedrivers that foster the most healthy innovation and value-creating ecosystems across (1) heritage
businesses, (2) multinational companies, (3) entrepreneurial startups, (4) educational institutions,(5) governments, (6) NGOs and NPOs. This initiative will also foster mature conversation between
leaders across these fields and industries, and will address the questions of “what is innovation?”,“what is value?” “what are innovation ecosystems?” and what we mean by these terms in context.
The initiative will be comprised of the following elements: research, education, dissemination(working papers, workshops and conferences), and initiate collaborative implementation projects
with businesses, local, regional or international NPOs and/or international organisations (forexample, the humanitarian use of blockchain technology). The three nodes, “Value and International
Economy”, “Value and International Politics”, and “Value and Social Innovation” will have each haveits independent research component, but the researchers will also work closely to share findings,
team teach for classes at OSIPP, integrate their works at implementation level or producing policy
recommendations where possible and practicable, and plan new collaborative projects.

Project Nodes and Teams
Value and International Economy
Lead Researcher•

Philip Sugai – Professor, Doshisha University, Graduate School of Business, Japan

Associated Researcher(s)•John Beck – President, North Star Leadership Group

Value and International Politics
Lead Researcher•

Haruko Satoh – Professor, OSIPP, Osaka University, Japan

Associated Researchers••

Toshiya Hoshino – Ambassador and Deputy Permanent Representative of Japan to the United
Nations
Peng-Er Lam – Senior Research Fellow, East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore,
Singapore

Value and Social Innovation
Lead Researcher•

Toshiya Hoshino – Ambassador and Deputy Permanent Representative of Japan to the United
Nations

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Innovation and Value Initiative

United Nations STI Forum 2018 Report
IAFOR collaborated with the United Nations in the hosting of a special session at the Third Annual
Multi-stakeholder Forum on Science, Technology and Innovation for the Sustainable Development
Goals (STI Forum 2018) at the United Nations Headquarters in New York on June 6, 2018.
Dr Joseph Haldane, Chairman and CEO of IAFOR, co-moderated the Official Meeting, a roundtablesession on Innovators and Investors, and focussed on questions at the intersection of innovationand value, including “Impact investing”; investments made into companies, organisations, andfunds with the intention to generate social and environmental impact alongside a financial return.
The chair of the meeting was Japanese Ambassador to the United Nations, His Excellency Dr
Toshiya Hoshino.
Dr Haldane said: “For IAFOR, impact investing is a particular area of interest in regards to thefunding of research in higher education, and dovetails with the work we will be doing within the
IAFOR Research Centre at the Osaka School of International Public Policy (OSIPP) at Osaka
University, as part of our new Innovation and Value Initiative, and also with The IAFOR Global
Innovation & Value Summit 2018 (GIVS2018) to be held in Tokyo later this year.” He added that “itis a great recognition of IAFOR to have been invited to collaborate, and we are honoured to havebeen asked to work with the United Nations at this important event, and look forward to working
with the UN and other stakeholders in the support of Science, Technology and Innovation for the
Sustainable Development Goals (STI-SDG).”
Dr Haldane, who teaches on the postgraduate Global Governance course at OSIPP, and is an Expert
Member of the World Economic Forum in this area, was also keen to raise the issue of governanceand policy implications of the uses of blockchain technology. In his introduction to the panel, hesuggested that the use of blockchain, given its verifiability and the transparency of transactions
might have a positive effect on systems of governance. This might be especially important at atime when the rules-based international system, exemplified by institutions such as the United
Nations, are being challenged.
Image | Dr Joseph Haldane, Chairman and CEO of IAFOR, co-moderates a roundtable session on Innovators and Investors at the United
Nations Headquarters in New York.

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The IAFOR
Documentary
PhotographyAward 2017
Join us as we celebrate the winners of the IAFOR Documentary PhotographyAward 2017 – an international photography award that seeks to promote andassist in the professional development of emerging documentary photographersand photojournalists.

www.iaforphotoaward.org

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Friday, July 6 | 12:10-12:25 | Renaissance Suite (B1F)

IAFOR Documentary Photography Award 2017
Award Winners Screening

The IAFOR Documentary Photography Award was launched by The International Academic Forum (IAFOR) in
2015 as an international photography award that seeks to promote and assist in the professional developmentof emerging documentary photographers and photojournalists. The award has benefitted since the outset
from the expertise of an outstanding panel of internationally renowned photographers, including Dr Paul Loweas the Founding Judge, and Ed Kashi, Monica Allende, Simon Roberts, Jocelyn Bain Hogg, Simon Norfolk andEmma Bowkett as Guest Judges. Now in its third year, the award has already been widely recognised by thosein the industry and has been supported by World Press Photo, Metro Imaging, MediaStorm, Think Tank Photo,
University of the Arts London, RMIT University, British Journal of Photography, The Centre for Documentary
Practice, and the Medill School of Journalism.
As an organisation, IAFOR’s mission is to promote international exchange, facilitate intercultural awareness,encourage interdisciplinary discussion, and generate and share new knowledge. In keeping with thismission, in appreciation of the great value of photography as a medium that can be shared across bordersof language, culture and nation, and to influence and inform our academic work and programmes, the IAFOR
Documentary Photography Award was launched as a competition that would help underline the importanceof the organisation’s aims, and would promote and recognise best practice and excellence. Winners of the
IAFOR Documentary Photography Award 2017 were announced at The European Conference on Media,
Communication & Film 2017 (EuroMedia2017) in Brighton, UK. The award follows the theme of the EuroMedia
conference, with 2017’s theme being “History, Story, Narrative”. In support of up-and-coming talent, the IAFOR
Documentary Photography Award is free to enter.
Image | From the project Single Mothers of Afghanistan by IAFOR Documentary Photography Award 2017 Grand Prize Winner, Kiana Hayeri.

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Award Judges
Dr Paul Lowe is the Course Director of the Masters Programme in
Photojournalism and Documentary Photography at the London Collegeof Communication, University of the Arts London. He was responsible
for the development and launch of a new part-time version of thecourse delivered entirely online using web conferencing, blogs and the
VLE, launched in 2008. He is an award-winning photographer whose
work is represented by Panos Pictures, and who has been publishedin Time, Newsweek, Life, The Sunday Times Magazine, The Observer
and The Independent, among others. He has covered breaking news
around the world, including the fall of the Berlin Wall, Nelson Mandela’s
release, famine in Africa, the conflict in the former Yugoslavia and thedestruction of Grozny.
He is a consultant to the World Press Photo Foundation in Amsterdam,
an independent, non-profit organisation that is a major force in developing and promoting visual journalism
worldwide. His book, Bosnians, documenting 10 years of the war and post-war situation in Bosnia, waspublished in April 2005 by Saqi Books. He regularly contributes to international and national conferences inphotography, media and education, and has published chapters in edited books on these themes as well.
Monica Allende is a photo editor, curator, cultural producer and educator.
She is GetxoPhoto Festival Artistic Director from 2017 to 2019, and is
the Director of FORMAT17 International Photography. She is currently
producing several multidisciplinary projects with artists worldwide,
has collaborated with screen projects, and is co-founder of Offspring
Photo Meet, London. Previously she was Photo Editor at The Sunday
Times Magazine, where she launched the award-winning photography
section “Spectrum”. She is a visiting lecturer at the London College ofCommunication and lectures and teaches workshops in photography
at, among others, ScreenLab, London; EFTI, Madrid; Tashkeil, Saudi
Arabia; Mentorship Business Programme DEVELOP at the University ofSunderland; Festival di Internazionale a Ferrara; WPP workshop Angola;
Magnum Professional Practice Workshops.
She nominates photographers for Deutsche Börse Photography Prize, Prix Pictet and The Joop Swart Masterclass/World Press Photo, and has served on juries worldwide including World Press Photo, Visa Pour L’image and the
National Portrait Gallery’s Taylor Wessing photographic Portrait Prize. She produced and curated Darfur: Images
Against Impunity, an exhibition and a book by Stanley Greene, Lynsey Addario and Alvaro Ybarra Zavala. She is therecipient of the Amnesty International Media Photojournalism Award, the Picture Editor’s Award, the Online Press
Award and Magazine Design Award for Best Use of Photography. She also writes and consults on photography.
Jocelyn Bain Hogg began his career as a unit photographer on movie
sets after studying Documentary Photography at Newport Art College.
He shot publicity for the BBC, photographed fashion and now works on
documentary projects and commercial and editorial assignments. His
editorial work features in Vanity Fair, The Sunday Times, The New Yorker,
Style.com, Vogue, Elle, Harper’s Bazaar, Lui, Marie Claire, Stern, GQ, Esquire,
Le Monde, Cahiers du Cinéma, L’Espresso and La Repubblica amongst
others. In 2016 he co-instigated Sea Change as photo director, where aswell as photographing British youth for the project he commissioned 12other photographers to document the issues affecting young people in
12 countries across Europe. A continuing initiative, Sea Change has so far
realised a book, an ongoing touring exhibition and workshop programme.
In addition to this work, he is the author of six photographic books todate and his first, The Firm, presented an astonishingly intimate viewof London’s organised crime world, and won international acclaim, garnering the prestigious Lead Award for
portraiture. His latest project, Public House, published in 2016, documented the denizens of a local pub, forced toclose due to the lamentable issue of social cleansing in London.
In February 2013, he was invited onto the jury of the World Press and was a juror for the Sony World PhotographyAwards in 2015. He is currently the head of the BA photojournalism and documentary photography course at
the UAL LCC in London and is a member of the VII Photo Agency.
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Supporters
The IAFOR Documentary Photography Award is supported by a number of leading institutions, organisations
and publications around the world in its aim to promote and recognise best practice and excellence indocumentary photography and photojournalism. These partnerships are a testament to the high regard inwhich the award is held within the photography industry.
The IAFOR Documentary Photography Award would like to thank the following organisations for their support:

Sponsorship Opportunities
Through social media, product integration, logo placement, potential press coverage, promotion at the Award
Ceremony and subsequent exhibitions in Japan, Spain, UAE, USA and UK, you have the opportunity to help bringattention to the work of highly talented photographers. For information on sponsorship opportunities or becominga supporter of the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award, please contact Thaddeus Pope (tpope@iafor.org).

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Reviewers
IAFOR depends on the assistance of a large number of international academics
and practitioners who contribute in a variety of ways to our shared mission ofpromoting international exchange, facilitating intercultural awareness, encouraging
interdisciplinary discussion and generating and sharing new knowledge. Our
academic events would not be what they are without a commitment to ensuring thatinternational norms of peer review are observed for our presentation abstracts. With
thousands of abstracts submitted each year for presentation at our conferences,
IAFOR relies on academics around the world to ensure a fair and timely peer review
process in keeping with established international norms of double-blind peer review.
We are grateful for the time, effort and expertise donated by all our contributors.

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ECSS2018

Review Committee
Dr Mohammed Al Bhadily
Curtin University, Australia
Dr Tarek Djeddi
High National School of Statistics
and Applied Economics, Algeria
Dr Carl Fraser
Coventry University, UK
Dr Luay Jum'a
German Jordanian University, Jordan

Dr Joanna Kepka
University of Nevada, USA
Professor Nick Kontogeorgopoulos
University of Puget Sound, USA
Dr Halina Sendera Mohd. Yakin
University of Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
Professor José Miguel Soares
Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal

ECSS2018

Senior Reviewers
Dr Asli E. Mert
Koc University, Turkey
Professor Pramod Mishra
University of Delhi, India
Dr Israel Patiño
Universidad La Salle Noroeste, Mexico
Dr Subir Rana
Independent Scholar, India

Dr Rekha Sapra
Bharati College, University of Delhi, India
Dr Carmina Serrano-Lanzuela
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
Dr Gang Zhu
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia

ECSS2018

Reviewers
Dr Seth Agbo
Lakehead University, Canada
Dr Uchenna Akpom
The University of West Alabama, USA
Dr Saadia Aziz
National University of Modern Languages,
Islamabad, Pakistan
Professor Lineu Castello
Universidade Federal do Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil

Dr Tae-Young Lee
Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
Dr Devie Rahmawati
Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Dr Zoheir Tafer
University of Bechar, Algeria

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Review Committee
Dr Elżbieta Antczak
University of Lodz, Poland
Dr Davidson Egirani
Niger Delta University & Enopmcservices, Nigeria
Dr Safaa Ghoneim
Cairo University, Egypt
Dr Evelyn Lami Ashelo Allu
University of Jos, Nigeria
Dr Ibrahim M. Magami
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria

Dr Syed Monjur Murshed
European Institute for Energy Research,
Germany
Dr Abhay Shankar Prasad
University of Delhi, India
Professor José Miguel Soares
Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal

ECSEE2018

Senior Reviewers
Dr Hala El Miniawi
Ministry of Education, UAE
Professor Becky Jacobs
University of Tennessee, USA
Dr Esther Makinde
University York, UK

Dr Amina Mekhelfi
University Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, Algeria
Dr Philip Walsh
Ryerson University, Canada

ECSEE2018

Reviewers
Dr Ghulam Rasool Madni
The University of Lahore, Pakistan
Dr Shakil Rehman Sheikh
Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Dr Stefania Staniscia
West Virginia University, USA

Professor Sneha Thapliyal
IIM Indore, India
Mr Zulganef Zulganef
Widyatama University, Indonesia

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Submit your research to the

IAFOR Journal of Psychology& the Behavioral Sciences
The IAFOR Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences is an internationallyreviewed and editorially independent interdisciplinary journal associated with
IAFOR’s international conferences on psychology and the behavioral sciences.
The IAFOR Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences is an Open Access, peerreviewed, international and intercultural journal. All papers published in the journal
have been subjected to the rigorous and accepted processes of academic peer review.
The journal encourages interdisciplinary research, with the primary focus being on
psychology and behavioral sciences. Work that cuts across a variety of disciplines
and fields related to psychology and the behavioral sciences is encouraged. Original,
previously unpublished papers which are not under consideration for publicationin any other journal are welcomed. We also accept reworked versions of previously
published Conference Proceedings articles if the version submitted to the journal
is revised and differs from the previously published article by at least 30 percent.
All submitted articles must meet the submission guidelines. All papers are reviewed
equally according to standard peer review processes, regardless of whether or not
the authors have attended a related IAFOR conference.
The IAFOR Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences covers a variety of topics:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

General Psychology
Psychology and Education
Mental Health Issues
Human Development
Psychological Outreach Services & Community Development
Family Studies & Professional Practice
At-Risk Children, Youth & Families and Vulnerable Populations

Like all IAFOR publications, it is freely available to read online, and is free of publication
fees for authors. The first issue was published in December 2015, and the journal
aims to publish two issues annually.
We look forward to receiving your submissions. If you have any questions, please don’t
hesitate to contact the Editors, Dr Sharo Shafaie and Dr Deborah G. Wooldridge (ijpbs@
iafor.org), or the IAFOR Publications Team (publications@iafor.org). For more information
about the IAFOR Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences please visit:www.ijpbs.iafor.org
94 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018
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A-Z Index ofPresenters

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A-Z Index of Presenters
Abbar, Mohammed				p. 47
Tahri Mohamed University, Algeria
Abodunde, Sola				p. 50
The Polytechnic of Ibadan, Nigeria
Agbo, Seth				p. 48
Lakehead University, Canada
Ainoo, Jean-Carl				p. 47
Ghana Institute of Management
and Public Administration, Ghana
Ajibade, Olalekan				p. 56
Ryerson University, Canada
Akpom, Uchenna				p. 36
The University of West Alabama, USA
Al-shaikhli, May				p. 45
Amman Arab University, Jordan
Ali-Adib, Maya				p. 58
John Molson School of Business, Canada
Anang, Zuraini				p. 49
University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
Ao, Feng					p. 45
National University of Defense
Technology, China
Bates, Karine				p. 55
Universite de Montreal, Canada
Binder, Denis				p. 46
Chapman University, USA
Bitter, Jan				p. 37
RWTH Aachen University, GermanyÇeli̇k, Özgür				p. 53
Adana Science and Technology
University, Turkey
Chan, Shih-Liang				p. 41
National Taipei University, Taiwan
Chen, Chun-Ming				p. 49
National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
Chen, Fu Yi				p. 56
Niigata University, Japan
Chen, Shimin Christy			p. 44
Education University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong
Cheng, Yunfei				p. 49
Peking University, China
Chien, Chin-Lung				p. 41
Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
Convery, Patrick				p. 44
University of California, Los Angeles, USA
Daga, Giada				p. 40
Politecnico di Torino, Italy
Etuk, Victor				p. 58
University of Uyo, Nigeria
Gandey, Mark				p. 50
Bishop's University, Canada
Girija, Chandni				p. 36
Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India
Huang, Melody				p. 44
University of California, Los Angeles, USA
Ibrahim, Ibrahim Hassan			p. 53
Arab Academy for Science, Technology
and Maritime Transport, Egypt
Jacobs, Becky				p. 55
University of Tennessee, USA
Jacobs, Chelsea C.				
p. 55
University of Tennessee, USA
Jacobs, Kathleen				p. 50
Alanus University of Arts
and Social Sciences, Germany
Kim, Dong-Il				p. 48
Gyeongsang National University,
Republic of Korea
Kiourtzoglou, Anastasia P.			
p. 51
Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
Kotter, Richard				p. 35
Northumbria University, UK
Lea, Virginia				p. 52
University of Wisconsin-Stout, USA

Lee, Tae-Young				p. 52
Pusan National University, Republic of Korea
Liu, Jie					p. 47
Beijing Union University, China
Liu, Yidan				p. 34
National University of Defense
Technology, China
Longden-Thurgood, Glenn			
p. 48
University of Brighton, UK
Louth, John				p. 34
Royal United Services Institute for
Defence and Security Studies, UK
Ma, Jianguang				p. 34
National University of
Defense Technology, China
Makinde, Esther				p. 46
University of York, UK
Makinde, Esther				p. 49
University of York, UK
Mekhelfi, Amina				p. 35
University Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla, Algeria
Nagata, Yoshihiro				p. 58
Nagoya University, Japan
Odame, Doreen				p. 41
University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
Odilov, Parviz				p. 44
Yonsei University, Republic of Korea
Oladapo, Olukunle				p. 59
Ladoke Akintola University ofTechnology, Nigeria
Palmer, Kristin				p. 58
University of Virginia, USA
Pang, Chaowei				p. 45
National University of
Defense Technology, China
Pavlova, Margarita				p. 37
The Education University ofHong Kong, Hong Kong
Pena, João				p. 51
Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
Perez de Toledo, Eloisa			
p. 37
MacEwan University, Canada
Roberts, Dwayne				p. 54
Falmouth University, UK
Roldon Miranda, Anand			
p. 59
TRAMCO, India
Rozamuri, Arif Murti			p. 50
Pertamina University, Indonesia
Sabir, Saika				p. 51
O.P Jindal University, India
Samuel, Revelation Jacob			
p. 40
University College London, UK
Sapra, Rekha				p. 52
Bharati College, University of Delhi, India
Serrano-Lanzuela, Carmina			p. 36
Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
Sheikh, Shakil Rehman			
p. 35
Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Soares, Jose Miguel			p. 40
Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Soares, Jose Miguel			p. 40
Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
Tafer, Zoheir				p. 47
University of Bechar, Algeria
Taha, Mustafa				p. 34
American University of Sharjah, UAE
Varriale, Cristina				p. 34
Royal United Services Institute for
Defence and Security Studies, UK
Wong, Karen Ros				p. 55
Flinders University, Australia
Yang, Aihua				p. 34
National University of
Defense Technology, China
Zor, Kasım				p. 56
Cukurova University, Turkey

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ACE2018
TOKYO, JAPAN
Come and join us in the capital of Japan, and one of the world’s greatest
cities, as we celebrate the 10th Asian Conference on Education in Tokyo.
October 13-15, 2018 | Toshi Center Hotel, Tokyo, Japan

www.ace.iafor.org

The Asian Conference on Education (ACE) was the first conference organised by The
International Academic Forum in Osaka in 2009, when the organisation was founded.
Since then, some 18,000 academics have presented at an IAFOR conference, whether
in Asia, the Middle East, Europe or North America, and that number is expected toreach 20,000 by the time we hold our 10th Anniversary Conference in Tokyo.
Founded in Japan at a time when English language conferences, and interdisciplinary
conferences did not exist, IAFOR quickly found support among a growing number ofscholars in Japan, Asia and beyond who came together to make friends, network, andat a time of rapid globalisation and technological advances, explore the latest ideas
and search for research synergies in the pursuit of addressing and finding solutions
to many of the myriad and complex challenges presented by the modern world.
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"Surviving andThriving: Education inTimes of Change"
Conference theme

IAFOR now has university partners across the globe, counts some of the world’s
foremost intellectuals as advisers, and boasts an interdisciplinary research centre in
Osaka University. The organisation also has a conference program that spans threecontinents, and in a divided world, IAFOR’s founding principles of nurturing ideas,
individuals and research projects across barriers of nation, culture, and discipline are
more timely than ever.
Join us in October in Tokyo to consider how we as educators do not only survive, butalso positively thrive, in these uncertain and changing times.
For more information please visit: www.ace.iafor.org

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The IAFOR Conference on Heritage & the City – New YorkHCNY2018

Join us in New York for HCNY2018 – proudly organised by The
International Academic Forum (IAFOR) in partnership with Hofstra
University, USA, and IAFOR’s Global University Partners.
Conference Theme: “Urban Heritage and the Modern City”
Location & Venue: Hofstra University, New York, USA
Dates: Wednesday, November 07, 2018 ​to Friday, November 09, 2018
Final Abstract Submission Deadline: August 23, 2018

Early Bird Registration Deadline: July 20, 2018
Advance Registration Deadline: August 22, 2018
Final Registration Deadline: September 20, 2018www.hcny.iafor.org

102 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)"Urban Heritage& the Modern City"

Conference theme

The study of cities seems a daunting and ostensibly perpetual task. This may be
due to the fact that cities are an imperative requisite in the rise and developmentof civilisation, products of the momentous shift from a simple way of life to thecomplex social, political and economic systems that characterise what we call"culture". Cities are organic entities, experiencing constant structural changes
that help to rearrange their influence and importance relative to other cities aroundthe globe. While in the past a city's importance was measured in terms of size orpolitical relevance (as in being the capital of a nation), in today's environment
a city's prominence is primarily distinguished by the scope and vigour of its
economic life and the extent to which it serves as a command and control centre
for global capitalism.
On the wake of such structural changes, the city's socio-spatial configuration
has experienced significant alterations as diverse urban communities transformin order to contend with the new realities. Thus, descriptions of the modern cityrequire the scholar to reconsider and reinterpret the cultural heritage of an evermore complex geographical space, enriched by the presence and contributions of
new arrivals that bring cultural interpretative proposals that may not harmonisewith previously accepted models.
The diversity and otherness of the new city-space requires us to study the city
as a sort of cultural heritage collage, with its Chinatowns, Barrios, Harlems andLittle Italy neighbourhoods; moreover, it urges us to consider new methodologicalparadigms that will prove more compatible with the dappled nature of the city. In
presenting their work, speakers at The IAFOR Conference on Heritage & the City
– New York (HCNY) will address these fundamental questions, keeping in mind
that the particular urban environment of each individual city is distinctive andmultifaceted. It is hoped that the presenters who graciously agree to attend thisconference will help build the concept of "urban heritage" as the foundation fordeveloping pioneering methodologies for the study of cities.
For more information please visit: www.hcny.iafor.org

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Join us in Hawaii for The IAFOR International
Conference on Sustainability, Energy & theEnvironment – Hawaii (IICSEEHawaii)
IICSEEHawaii is organised by IAFOR in partnership with the Universityof Hawai‘i at Mānoa and IAFOR’s Global University Partners.
Conference Theme: "Independence & Interdependence"
Dates: Thursday, January 03, 2019 t​ o Saturday, January 05, 2019
Location & Venue: The Hawai'i Convention Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
Early Bird Abstract Submission Deadline: August 21, 2018
Final Abstract Submission Deadline: October 19, 2018
Registration Deadline: November 21, 2018
The technological and logistical advances of globalisation have enabled us tobecome independent and empowered as never before, but also at the same time
made us more dependent on the very things allowing autonomy. While technologies
allow us to communicate with those on the other side of the world, they can also
make us detached from those immediately around us, and in some cases alienated,or lonely. And yet this increased interconnectedness offers great opportunities towork together to solve some of the world’s most pressing issues, and reminds us of
our responsibilities towards each other. Our independence is contextualised in therelations we enjoy with others; in our families and communities, shared institutions,in our wider societies, geographical and political entities, and finally as a part of theone world we all share.
The 2019 conference theme for the IAFOR conference series in Hawaii is Independence& Interdependence, and we hope and expect this important thematic lens toencourage wide reflections on the importance and interrelation of such concepts as
autonomy and identity, rights and responsibilities, and power and control; and withina variety of contexts from politics and geopolitics to energy, sustainability and theenvironment; and from education, technology and logistics, to culture and language;
from psychology and security, to considerations of equity and justice.
In conjunction with our Global Partners, including the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa
and Virginia Tech, we look forward to exchanging ideas and exploring new researchpaths together in Honolulu in 2019!

www.iicseehawaii.iafor.org
104 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

Keynote Speakers
Dr Christina M. Kishimoto
Superintendent – Hawaii State Department of Education, USA
Dr Christina M. Kishimoto began a three-year
contract as superintendent on August 1, 2017. She is
responsible for efficiently and effectively administering
the Hawaii public school system in accordance withlaw and educational policies adopted by the Board of
Education. On October 3, 2017, Dr Kishimoto presented
an Implementation Plan to advance the goals of the
DOE/BOE Strategic Plan. Her plan is targeted around three high impact strategies:
School Design, Student Voice, and Teacher Collaboration.

Dr David Lassner
President of the University of Hawai'i, USA& Chancellor of the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, USA
Dr David Lassner is the 15th president of the Universityof Hawai‘i and concurrently serves as the Chancellorof the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. He has worked
at the university since 1977, and was most recently its
vice president for information technology and chief
information officer. Lassner is also a member of theuniversity’s cooperating graduate faculty and has taught both online and in-person
in computer science, communications, business and education.

Dr Richard R. Vuylsteke
Chief Executive – East-West Center, USA
Dr Richard R. Vuylsteke (pronounced VUL-stek) took
office as the East-West Center’s 11th Chief Executive
on January 1, 2017. A former EWC grantee and staff
member, he rejoined the Center after several decades
living in Asia and serving most recently as President of
the American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong.
His areas of expertise include strategic and operational leadership of multiculturalorganisations; Asia Pacific business and trade, and Asian and Western history andphilosophy.
Read presenters full biographies at www.iicehawaii.iafor.org/speakers
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www.iafor.org/conferences

Upcoming Events

Brighton, UK, 2018

Tokyo, Japan, 2018

July 9–10

October 5–7

The European Conference on Arts & Humanities(ecah.iafor.org)

The IAFOR Global Innovation & Value Summit(givs-tokyo.iafor.org)

The European Conference onMedia, Communication & Film
(euromedia.iafor.org)

October 9–11

Barcelona, Spain, 2018
July 13–15
The IAFOR International Conference on the City
(city.iafor.org)
The IAFOR International Conference on
Global Studies(global.iafor.org)

The Asian Conference onMedia, Communication & Film(mediasia.iafor.org)

October 13–15
The Asian Conference on Education(ace.iafor.org)
The Asian Undergraduate Research
Symposium (AURS)(aurs.iafor.org)

106 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2018 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

www.iafor.org/conferences

Upcoming Events

Hong Kong, 2018

Tokyo, Japan 2019

October 19–21

March 21–23

The IAFOR Conference for Higher Education
Research – Hong Kong(cher-hongkong.iafor.org)

The Asian Conference on Psychology& the Behavioral Sciences(acp.iafor.org)

December 5–7

The Asian Conference on Ethics, Religion& Philosophy(acerp.iafor.org)

The IAFOR Conference on Heritage – Hong Kong
(heritage-hongkong.iafor.org)

New York, USA, 2018
November 7–9
The IAFOR Conference on Heritage & the City –New York(hcny.iafor.org)

Honolulu, USA, 2019
January 3–5
The IAFOR International Conference on
Education – Hawaii(iicehawaii.iafor.org)
The IAFOR International Conference on
Sustainability, Energy & the Environment – Hawaii(iicseehawaii.iafor.org)

March 25–27
The Asian Conference on Education& International Development(aceid.iafor.org)

March 29–31
The Asian Conference on Arts & Humanities(acah.iafor.org)

Introducing the IAFOR Research Centre at
Osaka University, Japaniafor

THE IAFOR RESEARCH CENTREOSAKA SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC POLICYOSAKA UNIVERSITY

大阪大学大学院国際公共政策研究科OSIPP
IAFOR研究センター

The IRC helps to nurture and capacity build by encouraging students totake part in international conferences and research projects, in line with
the Osaka University’s Global 30 commitments from Japan’s Ministry of
Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT).
For more information about the IAFOR Research Centre visit:www.osipp.osaka-u.ac.jp/iaforresearchcentre/

ECSS/ECSEE2018 Programme & Abstract Book

The IAFOR Research Centre (IRC) is a politically independent international
interdisciplinary think tank based at Osaka School of International Public
Policy (OSIPP), at Japan’s Osaka University, that conducts and facilitatesinternational and interdisciplinary research projects. The main focus is
to encourage mutual international and intercultural understanding andcooperation in line with IAFOR’s mission of encouraging interdisciplinary
discussion, facilitating heightened intercultural awareness, promotinginternational exchange, and generating and sharing new knowledge.