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POTENTIAL ROLE OF SUBNATIONAL AND LOCALACTORS IN REL AND MRV DATA CREATIONFFPRI INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL SEMINAR, WASEDA UNIVERSITY, TOKYOWEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 2012

Sarah M Walker
swalker@winrock.org
Ecosystem Services

Winrock International
Ecosystem Services Team• Winrock International: nonprofit and mission driven
organization• ECO team is led by Dr. Sandra Brown, IPCC Convening
Lead-Author• Team includes: CDM AR-WG member, VCS AFOLU
Steering Com., CAR Dev. Comm,• WI-ECO lead author on many CDM/VCS/ACR AFOLU
methodologies• Advising governments and providing technical assistanceon national REDD+ RL and MRV creation• Provide technical assistance to 10+ CDM/VCS/ACRprojects
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LEAF Program• 5 years – USAID RDMA
• Target countries:
Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam,Thailand, Malaysia, PNG• Capacity Building: on
REDD+ preparedness andpilot implementation– REDD+ Policy Strategies– RL/MRV Tech Support– Input to integration of REDD+
into higher education– REDD+ Strategy Piloting

LEAF Program• Pilot Actions include:– National Assistance:• Technical Support Tools and Trainings in RL andMRV Development– Local-level Assistance:• Interaction of National-Province-District in RL andMRV data creation• Local Gov’t REDD+ Capacity Improvement• Pilot REDD+ Strategy Implementation – focusedon improving local livelihoods through C financeWI - Ecosystems
Carbon Toolkit• SOPs– Carbon stocks– Logging Emissions– Allometric Equations– GIS Techniques• Calculation Tools– Carbon stocks– Logging Emissions– Plot Calculator• 2012 Peer-review process• Additional components to be developedDecision Support Tool forDeveloping RL/REL• Funded by World Bank - FCPF• Provides main steps in RL creationand guidance on key decisions,providing advantages/disadvan.

• Hopefully: Under
expand guidancewill
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Decision Support Tool forDeveloping RL/REL• Guidance provided on topics such as:• Activities to include (Def, Deg, Enhan)• Defining Forest Definition• Interactions of National / Jurisd / Project Scale• Potential linkages of REDD+ to new/existing
National Forest Inventory?
• RL adjustments for national circumstances• Requirements for deforestation location
projection in RL creation and MRV8

Reference Emission
Level (REL)
Historical Emissions
Benchmark Map

Net Emission (t CO2e)

REDD+ Crediting based on: difference between
reference level and actual emissions

Monitoredactual emissions(Based on MRV plan)

Reporting of offsets
Reference – actual =credits

9Basic Historic Emissions and MRV Inputs
Activity Data: Whichchanges occurred?
Where? How much?

1000 haforest non forest

Emission/Removal
Factors: How much carbon
was emitted/removed perunit of activity data?

Intact Forest
Type

500 t CO2 /ha Net Emissions:
495 t CO2 / haCropland

5 t CO / haHistoric/future emission from LU ChangeActivity
Data:Emission
Factor:Emissions
AreaNet Emissions from* unit of =of change
Land Cover Typechange

1000 ha *495 t
CO2/ha=495,000 t CO2

RL – MRV Development
Technical Decisions• Historical + MRV: rules / methods
must be consistento Pools measured, activities included,emission factors used

• If data sources change/vary, methods
for integration/harmonization must
be created12Role of Subnational Projects and Local
Actors: Need for Definition• Pilot Activities taking placeo Jurisdictions, NGOs, voluntary projects
o High potential for involvement w/ localpopulations• Pilot actions need guidance onprocedures to institute to support
integration into future nationalsystem

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National – Subnational Harmonization• Rules, regulations, standards• Methods for disaggregating at subnat.
• REDD+ Activities accounted for• Historical period, basemap year
• Forest definition• Land cover classification system• Stratification system• Carbon pools• Activity Data Classes• Emission Factors
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Recommendation:
Develop Interim Guidance• National-level gov’t interim guidance• Roles / requirements for interaction• Endorsement / approval process• Additionality Requirements• Leakage – spatial analysis and spatialextent?
• Social and Enviro
safeguards/requirements• Benefit Distribution requirements?
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Recommendation:
Develop Interim Guidance• Methodological issues
o Recognize specific international
methods?
o If project uses diff method from
National  rules to demonstrate
how to harmonizeo Data types allowedo Accuracy/precision requirementso Spatial and temporal projection
methods allowedo Database/Documentation
requirements

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Activity Data
Examples of Nesting Decisions• Is it allowable to include different
Activities at different scales?
• Land Use Classes

o If project/jurisdiction created fieldvalidated maps using different methods
from national – how will these beintegrated? Who will do this?
o Can jurisdiction disaggregate classes?
Consistency between jurisdictions?
o Field validation points
 Government led?
 ‘Projects’ provide inputs?
 Community-based measurementsallowed?

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Pilot – Potential Inputs• Additional financial +technical resources forcompletion of data
• Pilot

o RL/MRV creationo Nesting optionso REDD+ Strategyimplementationo Benefit Distribution Systemso Role of local actors
o Database management
system18

Involvement of Local Actors
RL and MRV Creation• Removes ‘magic’ around ‘carbon’• Increases sense of ownership ofprocess and activities• Actors gain understanding of how theiractivities impact emissions/ removals• Integral to developing appropriatemonitoring indicators• Proven to increase impact of activities• Appropriate results-based
compensation mechanism must be
developed• Cost/benefit analysis of involving local
actors recommended for eachcomponent
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Activity Data – Potential Local Input• Emission Driver analysiso Field surveys

 Extension officers and/or local organizations• Field Validation of land cover maps

o GPS derived – higher accuracyo Mobile phone derived – accuracy lower, but allows
more points
o Implement straightforward and objective standard
operating procedures• Non-spatial historical activity data – examples:o Populationo Timber production rateso Firewood/charcoal production rateso Fertilizer used20

Emission Factors – Potential Local Input• Conduct Field Measurementso EF creationo Monitoring• SOPs – Local by Designo Range of formal educationand literacy levels
o Tasks grouped by educationo Guidelines limit subjectiveestimationo Limited level of training
needed for meaningful
contribution!

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Winrock Carbon Toolkit• Calculation Tools:o Plot calculatoro Carbon stock calculatoro Logging emission factors
o Destructive sampling• Allows data analysis to be
conducted using standard
approach• Requires only limited staff
to understand data
calculation methods tohigh level
22Participatory Monitoring• Existing Tools for Part. Monitoring are being
adapted for REDD+• New technologies (smart phones) Options• Alerts of activities

o Alerts used to initiate monitoring of activity in alocationo Alert used to attempt to stop activity
o Ex: MOABI project - NORAD / WWF/ OSFAC/WRIproject• Monitor implementation of REDD+ Strategieso Monitoring involvement of community members
in strategies – eg – use of improved cookstove,fertilizer, farming technique23

Participatory Monitoring• Monitoring of ‘activity data’o Area of deforestationo Trees planted / area plantedo Trees logged
o Firewood/charcoal created• Updating of Emission Factors• Estimation of Emissions/Removals• Examples:o USAID – Winrock –- PES project in Vietnam
o Plan Vivo – Voluntary market standard Community organizations created Members conducted regular monitoring of allparticipating farmers
 Results-based payment mechanism used24

• Pilot participatory mon.
project– Start in Laos + Vietnam– Provincial REL input– District MRV through part.
mon.
– REDD+ Strategy: integrated
land use planning– Results-based Benefit
Distribution System

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THANK YOU!
SARAH M WALKER
swalker@winrock.org or carbonservices@winrock.org