Proceedings of the Thirty-second (2022) International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference
Shanghai, China, June 5–10, 2022
Copyright © 2022 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE)
ISBN 978-1-880653-81-4; ISSN 1098-6189

www.isope.org

Numerical Simulation of Tsunamis Induced by Rigid Landslide Using MPS-DEM Coupled MethodFengze Xie1, Jian Wang2, Decheng Wan1*
1

Computational Marine Hydrodynamics Lab (CMHL), School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
2Marine Design & Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China*Corresponding author

surface with large deformation. Weakly Compressible Smoothed
Particle Hydrodynamics (WCSPH) method was firstly proposed by
Gingold and Monaghan (1977) for the problem of astrophysics. Then,
SPH was widely applied for the problem of violent flows. In a few
decades, Koshizuka and Oka (1996) developed Moving Particle Semiimplicit (MPS) method to simulated the incompressible flows. There
were some draw backs for particle-based methods, such as pressure
oscillation and low computational efficiency. High order schemes(Khayyer et al.,2011; Liu et al., 2019; Duan et al., 2021) for gradientmodel and Laplacian model were developed to enhance theperformance of particle-based method. Particle Shifting Technique(PST) (Xu et al, 2009; Khayyer et al, 2017; Duan et al., 2018; Sun et al,2019a) was also proposed to avoid errors and numerical oscillation
bringed by uneven distribution of particles. With the help of multiresolution techniques (Sun et al., 2019b), parallel technique and GPU
acceleration technique (Xie et al., 2020), the computational efficiency
was improved obviously. With the efforts of several researchers,
particle-based methods have been applied to solve more complicatedproblems, such as multi-phase flows (Khayyer et al., 2019, Wen et al.,2021, Xie et al., 2021b), fluid-structure interaction (Khayyer et al.,2021; Gotoh et al, 2021; Zhang et al., 2021b; Xie et al., 2021a) andflows passing through porous structures (Wen et al., 2018; Khayyer etal., 2018).

ABSTRACTThe tsunamis induced by rigid landslides such as ice and rock may
affect the safety of nearshore floating structures, since the generated
waves tend to be strongly non-linear. In this work, a fully Lagrangian
meshless method MPS-DEM is developed to solve the fluid–solidinteraction problem. The improved moving particle semi-implicit (MPS)
method is applied to simulate the incompressible fluid flow, while theDiscrete Element Method (DEM) is used to build the solid-rampinteraction. The MPS-DEM coupled method is applied to simulate thesubaerial rigid landslide-tsunamis. Numerical results agree well withexperimental results.

KEY WORDS:

Moving particle semi-Implicit method; Discreteelement method; MPS-DEM coupled method; Rigid landslides.

INTRODUCTION
Landslides often occurs on the ramps near the ocean, rivers andreservoirs. Blocking of the rivers by the falling stones leads to dramaticchange of environment. Besides, non-linear waves induced bylandslides may pose a threaten to the safety of nearshore structures andpeople. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the movement oflandslides and the propagation of waves.

The particle-based method was also used to simulate the landslide
process. In the traditional strategy, the velocity and the trajectory oflandslide was prescribed according to the experimental results before
the simulation (Tan and Chen, 2017). However, the effect of the fluid
to the slides was ignored and it is difficult to investigate other landslide
processes without experimental results. Many approaches wereintroduced to SPH for the slide-ramp interaction. Yeylaghi et al. (2016)
arranged a layer of fluid particles on the interface between the slide andthe ramp in. The velocity and displacement of interface fluid particles
were updated according to movement of the slide. The hydrodynamics
exerted on the slide were calculated by integral of pressure on the slide
boundary particles. However, the friction of slide-ramp was notconsidered and the velocity measured by SPH was slightly higher thanthat by experiment. Zhang et al. (2021a) introduced a Rigid Slide

Model experiment is one of mainly approach to evaluate the influencecaused by landslides. Heinrich (1992) conducted experiments to study
the surge induced by submarine and aerial landslides. The wave profileand the trajectory of solid bodies was investigated. Lin et al. (2015)
experimentally investigated the interaction between the landslideinduced surge wave and a dam. Heller et al. (2016) carried out a 3-Dexperiment to investigate the surge induced by subaerial landslides.
These model experiments mentioned above are usually used to verify
the accuracy of numerical methods.
With the development of the computer hardware, many numerical
techniques have been proposed for the simulation of complex flows.
Particle-based methods show their superiority to capture the free-

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