Chapter 1Marriage,Family and Religion結婚と家族、宗教の影響CHAPTER 1UNIT

01A King’s Love Created the Church of Englandダイアナ妃は皇太子の愛人の存在を知らなかった1-2ローマ・カトリックが全ヨーロッパを制していた中世、カトリックの教えに反して自らの離婚・再婚を断行した王がイギリスにはいた。その実現のため、ついにはイギリスのカトリックをローマから独立させ、英国国教会を名乗った。そして、教会の最高権威はそれまでの教皇ではなく、国王であるとした。王が宗教上の最高権威を兼ねることは世界でも異例だが、21世紀のいまも続いている。

チャールズ皇太子（1948〜 ）とダイアナ妃（1961〜1997）The name “Diana” originated from the ancient Roman goddess of the moon, whowas also considered the guardian deity1 of women. The English Diana Spencer (19611997) was born into an aristocratic family, and worked as a kindergarten teacher. Shewas a gentle and radiant woman. In 1981, she accepted Prince Charles’ (1948- )5passionate proposal of marriage, and the two were married at St. Paul’s Cathedral, afamous Anglican Church2. Their wedding ceremony was called the “Wedding of theCentury” and was celebrated around the world.
Diana produced two sons, but sadly, the royal marriage ended in divorce in 1996.
She was quoted as saying that the reason for the divorce was, “There was another102woman in our marriage, which seemed to make us a threesome.” The following yearUNIT 1 • A King’s Love Created the Church of Englandshe died in a car accident in Paris.
The “other woman” that Diana referredto was Camilla Parker-Bowles, who hadbeen Prince Charles’ lover long before hemarried Diana. She was a mother of two

5who had married and divorced a BritishArmy officer, and was older than Charles.
Even after his mar riage, Charlescontinued to see Camilla, which Dianacould not tolerate. Eight years after

10Diana’s death, Charles and Camilla weremarried in a small civil ceremony, a greatcontrast to his first wedding.

英王室結婚の関連地図（ヨーロッパ略図）Rumor has it that prior to their divorce,Charles told Diana the “facts of life” about a royal marriage: “It’s customary for the 15Crown Prince to have a lover or two.” This did not go down well with Diana. Unlikethe outpouring of love and good wishes shown by the British public at the time of hismarriage to Diana, British society reacted coldly to his marriage to Camilla. Diana’stitle was “Crown Princess.” Camilla’s title is only “Her Royal Highness, The Duchess ofCornwall” and when Charles becomes king, she will not be called “Queen Camilla,” 20but “Princess Consort.”The marriages and divorces of the British Royal Family are closely related to theformation and doctrines3 of the Anglican Church. King Edward VIII (1894-1972) wasthe uncle of Charles’ mother, Elizabeth IIs (1926- ). He fell deeply in love with adivorced American woman named Wallis Simpson, who was then separated from her 25second husband. He desperately wanted to marr y her. However, the Church ofEngland would not allow him to marry a divorcee. Edward VIII was forced to give uphis throne in order to marry the woman he loved.
The Anglican Church is the largest religious body in Britain, comprising about 45percent of the population. The Church was created by a king’s passion for marriage. 30Roman Catholicism was the overwhelming power in 16th century Europe. Henry VIII(1491-1547), the King of England, fell in love with a lady-in-waiting named AnneBoleyn. Henr y’s wife, Catherine of Aragon, had not produced a male heir to the3CHAPTER 1 • Marriage, Family and Religionthrone, and he wished to divorce her and marry Anne in order to produce a male heir.
The Pope, leader of the Roman Catholic Church, forbade the divorce as going againstchurch doctrine.
Henry was determined to go through with his divorce and remarriage though it
5meant defying the authority of the Pope. In 1533, he married Anne in a secretceremony. He had the Archbishop of Canterbury4 announce that his divorce from hisqueen and marriage to Anne were perfectly legal. The following year, he made an evenmore revolutionary announcement. The Catholic Church in England was going tobreak with the Church of Rome and become independent, and the head of the church

10would no longer be the Pope, but the King of England. After Anne, King Henry VIIImarried four more times, changing his present wife either by divorce or execution.
The newly-independent Anglican Church gradually became Protestant, and though itis unique in many ways, numerous Catholic elements remain in its ceremonies andcustoms.

15Currently, the Anglican Church recognizes divorce. However, that does not meanall followers of the church advocate divorce. Opinions on marriage, divorce, andremarriage change according to the times and the religion. After all, love, marriage,and family are fundamental to human nature.

ヘンリー8世（1491〜1547）とアン・ブーリン4エドワード8世（1894〜1972）とシンプソン夫人UNIT 1 • A King’s Love Created the Church of EnglandNOT E Sguardian deity1 守護神Anglican Church2 英国国教会。Church of Englandの通称。中世イギリス教会はローマ教皇の統制下にあったが、ヘンリー8世が1533年以来上からの宗教改革を断行、34年には「国王が地上におけるイギリス教会の唯一最高の首長である」と宣言してローマ教皇庁から独立したformation and doctrines3 成立と教義Archbishop of Canterbury4 カンタベリー大司教EXE RC I S E SGuided SummaryFill the blanks with the correct word from the list below the passage.
In 1981, Diana Spencer, a kindergarten teacher from an (1 aristocratic ) family,married Prince Charles of Great Britain. The ceremony took place at a famousAnglican church and was (2 celebrated) around the world. However, becausePrince Charles continued to see his lover, the marriage (3 ended in) divorce in1996. Eight years after Diana passed away, Prince Charles married his mistress,Camilla Parker-Bowles, in a small(5 formation(4 civil)ceremony.

The) and doctrines of the Anglican Church are connected to themarriages and divorces of the British royal family. King Edward VIII gave up his(6 throne) because the Church of England would not allow him to marry a(7 divorcee) . In the 16th Century, the Roman Catholic Church was the mostpowerful church in Europe. During this period, King Henry VIII wanted to divorce hiswife, Catherine of Aragon, and remarry in order to produce a male (8 heir).

However, since divorce was forbidden by the Roman Catholic Church, Henry violatedChurch doctrine by divorcing Catherine of Aragon and marrying Anne Boleyn. After(9 defying) the Pope, Henry announced that the Catholic Church in Englandwas (10 separating ) from the Church of Rome. The Anglican Church was formedand the King of England replaced the Pope as the head of the church.
celebrateddefyingheirthroneended inaristocraticcivilseparatingdivorceeformation5