What goals should bereached through REDD+? And
beyond REDD+?
Hwan-Ok Ma & Eduardo Mansur
Reforestation and Forest Management Division
ITTO

International Technical Seminar
Towards Developing a Framework of Global REDD+
Waseda Univ, Tokyo, 8 February 2012

REDD+ Definition(UNFCCC- Bali Action Plan, 2007)
Policy approaches and positive incentives for
Reducing Emissions fromDeforestation and Forest Degradation indeveloping countries; and (plus)
Benefits towards
Sustainable ForestManagement

 the role of conservation,
 sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks

Past, Present, Future
UNFCCCCBD
UNCCD
ForestPrinciples Kyoto

Rio

ProtocolMontreal

1992

2005

Bali RoadMapCancunAgreements

Copenhagen
Accord

2007

2009

2010

DurbanPlatform

Beyond2012 ??
2012

2011

Rio+ 202020
New
ProtocolForest has been the subject of discussion and negotiation since
1992 and REDD+ will be an important subject in a new protocol

Supporting REDD+ Readiness

Launching of the REDD+ Partnership in Oslo in 2010:
US$4.5 billion to scale up REDD+WB FCPF and Investment Programme, UN-REDDS
and GEF: Assisting 40+ developing countries toprepare REDD+ strategies by 2015
… and other bi- and multilateral initiatives:
ITTO-REDDES, Amazon Fund, Congo Basin Forest Fund, Norway‘s
International Forest and Climate and Forest Initiative, JICA’s REDD+,Australia‘s International Forest Carbon Initiative, …

Japan – Bilateral Offset Mechanism Feasibility
Studies for REDD+ : Supporting FS in several
countries
4

ITTO Case:
PublicPrivate
Partnership

High-Biodiversity REDD+ in
Meru Betiri National Park, Indonesia• Executing Agency: FORDA, Min of Forestry• Funded by: Seven & i Holdings (Japan)

ITTO Case:
Facilitation
to REDD+Feasibility
Study

Bilateral Offset
Mechanismof Japan•Ministry of Economy, Tradeand Industry•Ministry of Environment

Place

Acre
BrazilianAmazonBrazilCentralKalimantan
IndonesiaSize

1.5 mill ha

200,000 ha

REDD+ Goal: Climate Change Mitigation
REDD+ is being developed first and foremost as a climate
mitigation option:

During the 1990s, 0.5-2.7 Gt C per year were released byland-use activities while 6.4 ± 0.4 Gt C per year were emitted
from combustion of fossil fuels.
An estimated 7 to 13 million ha of forests are cleared eachyear, releasing about 1.5 Gt C (5.5 Gt CO2) into theatmosphere.
2 to 3 million ha of tropical forests are degraded each year byunsustainable management.
Potential for forest landscape/ecosystem restoration
The Bonn Challenge on Forests, Climate Change and Biodiversity launchedin 2011 to restore 150 million ha by 2020
7

REDD+ Goal: Biodiversity Conservation
REDD+ is being promoted as anopportunity to maximize biodiversity
benefits as the opportunities for REDDplus and biodiversity synergies areimmense:

Forests are home to more than half theEarth’s terrestrial biodiversity. The Amazon
rainforest alone hosts about a quarter of theworld’s terrestrial species
High potential of improving in-situ
conservation of biodiversity by protecting
forest habitats; allowing forest ecosystems toadapt to climate change
8REDD+ Goal:
Indigenous People and Local Community
More than 300 million IP and LC depend
mainly on forests for their livelihoods(World Bank 2004):

Increased attention to social safeguards
Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) is
being promoted to ensure the full andeffective participation of IP and LC
Improved community-based forest
management (CBFM)
But, critical questions remain about thedesign of REDD+ which will determine
who benefits9Benefits of REDD+: Enabling Conditions of SFM
REDD+ has considerable co-benefits topromote the achievement of sustainable
forest management (SFM):


Improved multi-stakeholders consultation
Improved forest policy reform –governance; land tenure conflicts
Improved measuring, reporting andverifying (MRV) systems from carbon tosocial-environmental safeguards
Improved payment systems forenvironmental services (PES) provided bytropical forests
10Contribution of REDD+ toSFM & Aichi Biodiversity Target
SustainableForestManagement

REDD +Aichi
Biodiversity
Target7 Elements

5 Elements

4 Targets by 2020

Extent of forest resources

1. Reducing emissions fromdeforestation

Target 5: To halve the rateof deforestation

2. Reducing emissions fromforest degradation

Target 7: To bring all
forests under sustainable
management

Forest biological diversity
Forest health and vitality
Productive function offorest resources
Protective function offorest resources[Socio-economic functions offorests] -cross cutting[Legal, policy and institutionalframework] -cross cutting

3. Conserving forest carbonstocks
4. Sustainable managementof forests
5. Enhancing forest carbon
stocksTarget 11: To bring 17 %of land areas underprotected area
management
Target: 15: To restore 15 %of degraded ecosystems
11

Scaling-up REDD+ beyond 2012
UNFCCC Policy
Decisions on
REDD+Emission Reduction Scheme for REDD+(Market-based, Fund-based, hybrid)

2020?

 Measured, reported and verified emissions
reduction and sequestration

Additional Financing?

REDD+ Partnership(71 countries +, policy exchange)

UNFCCC Negotiations

PHASE III : PAYMENT FOR PERFORMANCE

PHASE II: IMPLEMENTATION OF PAMs

2015?

 Policies & Measures (PAMs) proposed in Phase I
 Sub-national investments

PHASE I: NATIONAL REDD+ STRAEGY DEVELOPMENT Organization and Consultation on REDD+ Developing a REDD+ country strategy
 Institutional strengthening
 Demonstration activities

UNFCCC COP 11 Montreal 2005 to COP 17 Durban 20112012,
onwardsSince
2005

Conclusion: Tropical Forests beyond REDD+ Potential of REDD+: being developed as a payment

for environmental services (PES) provided bytropical forests.
If we spend around US$17-33 billion per year to 2030 tohalt deforestation, it could generate benefits of US$7.3trillion (Eliasch 2009).
 Benefits from REDD+: Considerable but depend on

design of REDD+ architecture (Policy approaches andpositive incentives for REDD+); Strong need forcapacity building (Phases I and II) Success of REDD+: Payment for Performance (PhaseIII) facilitates the development of payments forother environmental services in tropical forests atnational, regional and international levels
13Looking Forward
REDD+ in place in tropical countries towards
sustainable financing
sustainable forest management
sustainable development

Thank 14you