Square Pore Optics

Industrial and Scientific Detectors ISD
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Square Pore Optics• Introduction• Production• Applications– Space: X-ray focussing– Laboratory• Competitors• Gogogo …
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Square Pore Optics

MPO = Micro Pore Optics (historical name but confusing)MCP

MPO (20 µm Square Pores)

SEM-picture

Optical microscope picture (old)

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Square Pore Micro OptiX

New technology development by PHOTONIS(€ supported by European Space Agency)Square Pore Micro Channel Plates

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14µ Pore OptiX : MuPOX

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Operation of an MCP X-ray Lens

Incident

XrayFLECTOR ! ?

X-raysDiffusebackgroundDouble reflection (2-axes, true focus)

Single reflection (1 axis, line focus)
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Micro Pore OptiX : MPOX
Focussing / Imaging
FLAT:
limage = lsource

SLUMPED:

Make parallel output-beam:

Isource = ½ R slump

Focus (quasi)-parallel beam into a spot:lspot = ½ R slump

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MCP X-ray
image quality

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Square Pore µ-OptiX

focusing X-rays by reflection off the insidesurfaces of square channels
Imagine channel plates as collection of millions of little “micro-mirrors” :- compact- low mass
- relatively cheap

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Square Pore OptiX: SPOX?
The old technology:
Concentric gold plated cylinders
focus / reflect X-rays onto a detector

Mirrors for XMM Space project
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Micro Pore Optics / MPO

NEW vs OLD TECHNOLOGYXMM

SPO

WEIGHT

350 kg

29 g

DIAMETER

700 mm

60 mm

Platform

910 Kg/m2

10 Kg/m2

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The production process

Square-Pore-Square-Pack(Square MF stacking)Or

Square-Pore-Radial-Pack(Radial MF stacking)More difficult to make (>€) but
better optical (focal) properties

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23THE DRAWING PROCESS

drawing towerautomatic fibre
ormultifibre “kickers”

Automatic fibre andmulti-fibre monitor
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E.Schyns, MCP Product Managment24THE STACKING PROCESS

Square stacking ofsquare multifibres(square-pore square-pack)

Stacking with video
and software for
quality control
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Micro Mirror Optics

At high photon energies i.e. very short λ, scattering fromsurface roughness is an important source of loss
Currently we make channel roughness ~5 nm rms
ETCHING CORE TECHNOLOGY need small angles of incidence (< 2º) allow the rays to strike (graze) the surface
 the channels have to be long
NEED HIGH L/D RATIO i.e. the larger L/D the better(also allowing X-rayFLECTION with higher energies …)

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µ Mirror OptiX

The resolution will be mainly due to:
The geometrical quality of the OptiXs
The roughness of the channel’s inner surface

Main parameters• Size of the holes (pore size, length, L/D)
• Geometry of the channels (fibers, multi-fibers)• Stacking, channel’s alignment• Material reflectivity (special glass)• Inner surface roughness
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Square Pore µ-OptiX

Applications– Scientific / Space applications– Laboratory applications– X-ray lithography

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(image from visible light)

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Square Pore µ-OptiXSCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS:
SPACE- X-ray domain- Deep UV (XUV / EUV)

OptiX made by PHOTONIS(ESA / ESTEC contract)
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Lobster – mission in X-ray Astronomy

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30The ISS as a platform for All Sky Monitoring

ISS Truss Length 178 m ; Module Length 74 m ; Mass 400 tons

Tilt: 30º forward of zenith
Total field: 162°x 22.5°

Zenith30ºField sweeps sky every
90 minute orbit.

Rotation Axis

Direction of Motion
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31Lobster and XMM-Newton : The impact of novel,
low-mass technology

Instrument Grasp

Aeff x FOV (cm2 deg2)(Aeff x field of view)

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Lobster-ISS
XMM-Newton

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Mission Bepi-Colombo (ESA) Launch in 2011?

TARGET: Analyses of Mercury surface (X-ray spectroscopy)* Why close to the sun ?
* Why core is big (80% of the mass) ?
* Why Mercury has a magnetic field ?
* Ice on the pole of Mercury ?

Mercury

On it’s way to Mercury, passes by the Moon & Jupiter: switch on?
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Square Pore µ-OptiX

2 instruments- MIXS-T- MIXS-C

O Fe Mg/Al/SiCaTiFeM
CB
A
Mariner 10 image of Mercury
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Detailed MIXS-T optic design
Input to Breadboard development project
ESA / Photonis / cosine-Research collaboration

6 sectors of
1-2-3 doublets
Rslump 1 = 4 m
Rslump 2 = 1.3 m
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Uncoatedchannels

Iridiumcoatedchannels

Demonstration of enhanced X-ray reflectivity at 2.5 keV for Iridium-coated MCP
Other coatings possible: Au, Ni(difficult to get metal all the way in the channels)
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Mission Auroral Imager (ESA)
Idea from University of Leicester to measure the interactionsbetween particle flux and earth magnetic field at the poles.
Same optics as Lobster programme.
TELESCOP X with 5 modules

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Applications
In the laboratory• Material test and quality control• X-ray lithography• XUV lithography• Medical imaging (decreased dose) !

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Applications e.g. X-ray lithography• The resolution of features on a chip is limited bydiffraction from the mask “blurring” the image.
• Diffraction is inversely proportional to λ,• Soft X-rays λ ~ 1 nm : no problem• OptiX turns a diverting X-ray beam from a point-likesource into a parallel beam and focuses down to atiny point
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PHOTONIS is the sole provider, i.e.
- can produce large quantities- special glass composition

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42Note: the is not Square Pore Optics!

Other examples of applications
coming from (outer) space:
Intensity (pixel value)

7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0550

600

650

700

750

800

850

Intensity (1=maximum)

Wavelength (nm)10.90.80.70.60.50.4
0.3
0.20.10Item 14
Item 18
Item 12480580680

Item 13
Item 15
Item 16780880

Wavelen gth (n m)Faulkes Spectrograph –measures the precise colours of objects(originally stars) to a high level of precision
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Applications: From Astronomy to Biology

Goals - large area, high resolution, high efficiency, low background~mm~light year

BIOIMAGING UNIT
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