GLOBAL REALITIES:PRECARIOUS SURVIVAL AND
BELONGING

June 1–4, 2017
Art Center Kobe, Kobe, Japan
The Asian Conference on Cultural Studies
The Asian Conference on Asian Studies
The International Conference on Japan & Japan Studies

IAFOR Global Partners
www.iafor.org/about/partners

ACCS
ACAS
IICJ
2017
The Asian Conference
on Cultural Studies
The Asian Conference
on Asian Studies
The International Conference
on Japan & Japan Studies

Organising
Committee Members

Professor Emerita Sue Ballyn

Professor Holger Briel

Dr Richard Donovan

University of Barcelona, Spain

Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China

Kansai University, JapanDr Joseph Haldane

Professor Donald E. Hall

Kiyoshi Mana

The International Academic Forum (IAFOR)

Lehigh University, USA

The International Academic Forum (IAFOR)

Professor Baden Offord

Dr Seiko Yasumoto

Curtin University, Australia & Cultural
Studies Association of Australasia

University of Sydney, Australia

2 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORWelcome to
ACCS2017, ACAS2017 & IICJ2017
Dear Colleagues,
Welcome to The Asian Conference on Cultural Studies 2017, The Asian Conference on Asian Studies
2017 and The Asian Conference on Japan Studies 2017. Held in the beautiful port city of Kobe for thethird consecutive year, this well-established IAFOR event brings together delegates from all over theworld to explore the theme of "Global Realities: Precarious Survival and Belonging".
Kobe’s own story is one of survival. From the reopening of its port to international trade in the midnineteenth century, to the city’s settlement by European traders and subsequent rapid industrial
development, to its spirited recovery after the Great Hanshin Earthquake of 1995, Kobe’s history
spans periods of change and upheaval. The city has responded to these influences and challenges,
adapting and evolving into its present-day incarnation as an economic, cultural and culinary centre
with a vibrant, international atmosphere.
Within Japan, the Asia-Pacific and throughout the world, many worrying trends can be witnessed,
giving rise to the prospect of fearful futures in relation to human security, including increased
persecutions, forced migrations and a rise in refugee numbers, as well as nationalist and religious
extremism. It has never been more important to consider, from our various disciplinary, national andcultural backgrounds, how to exert a positive influence in the face of current global realities. We
anticipate our time together to be engaging, thought-provoking and challenging.
I would like to extend my thanks to the Keynote and Featured Speakers, to the many reviewers who
have contributed their valuable time and expertise, and to our many Global Partners.
We are pleased to welcome Sojeong Park, recipient of the Stuart D. B. Picken Grant and Scholarship,
and Sunkyung Choi, Yuki Watai and Xiaomeng Li, recipients of IAFOR Scholarships, who we arerecognising for the quality of their academic achievement and their contribution to interdisciplinarity.
Newly launched for 2017, IAFOR’s grants and scholarships programme provides financial support for
PhD students and early career academics, with the aim of helping them pursue research excellence
and achieve their academic goals through interdisciplinary study and interaction. We would like tocongratulate all the recipients on their awards.
My thanks, too, to you all for your active participation in this intercultural and interdisciplinary
event. I look forward to hearing the diverse perspectives and experiences you share from your many
academic, cultural and national contexts, and to meeting you over the coming days.
Warm regards on behalf of the conference Organising Committee,

Joseph Haldane, Chairman & CEO, IAFOR#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 3

Conference Theme

Global Realities: Precarious Survival and Belonging
The theme for The Asian Conference on Cultural Studies 2014 in Osaka was “Borderlands ofBecoming, Belonging and Sharing”. In his presentation, Conference Co-Chair Professor Baden
Offord wrote: “Gloria Anzaldua’s idea of the borderland has become a critical conceptual rubric usedby cultural researchers as a way of understanding, explaining and articulating the in-determined,vague, ambiguous nature of everyday life and the cultural politics of border-knowledge, bordercrossings, transgression, living in-between and multiple belongings. Borderlands is also about asocial space where people of diverse backgrounds and identities meet and share a space in which
the politics of co-presence and co-existence are experienced and enacted in mundane ways.”
Now we revisit that territory under the title “Global Realities: Precarious Survival and Belonging”.
While retaining the ideas expressed by Professor Offord in 2014, this conference will turn its focus
on to the precariousness of life across the world, life being understood in all its amplitude. Since
2014 we have witnessed the horror of the refugee crisis in Europe and how borders that shouldhave been crossed have been blocked off by barbed wire fences. The whole context of borders,belonging and survival has shifted resulting in an increase in racism, radical nationalisms, terrorism,
infringements of human rights, and rising poverty levels, to mention only a few of the globalised
problems confronting our world. The result of such precarity, even of the planet itself, has led to a
generalised sense of communal and individual vulnerability.
Raimond Gaita recently noted, “It is striking how often people now speak of ‘a common humanity’ in
ethically inflected registers, or ethically resonant tones that express a fellowship of all the peoplesof the earth, or sometimes the hope for such a fellowship.” Hopefully, this conference will discuss
the ways and means by which a “common humanity” may be aspired to by future generations.

4 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORConference
Guide#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 5

Friday at a Glance
June 2, 2017

09:00-10:00
			Conference Registration | Open Studio
Coffee will be served from 09:00

10:00-10:30

Announcements & Welcome Address | Prokofiev Hall

10:30-11:30
						

Keynote Presentation | Prokofiev Hall
Precarious Futures, Precarious Pasts: Migritude and Planetarity
Gaurav Desai, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

11:30-12:00		
			

IAFOR Documentary Photography Award
Winners' Screening followed by Conference Photograph

12:00-13:30

Lunch Break

13:30-14:15
Featured Presentation | Prokofiev Hall
			Buddhist Terrorism?
			Brian Victoria, Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies, UK
14:15-14:45
			
			
			

Featured Presentation | Prokofiev Hall“(…) For Those in Peril on the Sea”: The Important Role ofSurgeons on Convict Transports
Sue Ballyn, University of Barcelona, Spain

14:45-15:15		

Coffee Break

15:15-16:45
			
			
			
			

Featured Panel Presentation | Prokofiev HallThe Challenges of Doing Cultural Studies Today
Donald E. Hall, Lehigh University, USA
Sue Ballyn, University of Barcelona, Spain
Yasue Arimitsu, Doshisha University, Japan

17:00-18:30

Conference Welcome Reception & Poster Session | Grand Salon

19:00-21:00
						

Conference Dinner (Optional Ticketed Event)Meeting time & location: 18:15 at Art Center Kobe (2F lobby)
Group leaves for restaurant at 18:30.

6 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFOR

Saturday at a Glance
June 3, 2017

10:00-12:00		

Parallel Sessions

11:30-12:00
Spotlight Presentation | Room 505 (5F)
			Cross-Cultural Engagement and Media Integration in Japan and East Asia
			Seiko Yasumoto
12:00-13:30		

Lunch Break

12:00-13:00

Sadō Workshop (Japanese Tea Ceremony) | Room 504

13:00-14:30		

Parallel Sessions

14:30-14:45		

Coffee Break

14:45-16:45		

Parallel Sessions

16:45-17:00		

Coffee Break

17:00-18:30		

Parallel Sessions

Sunday at a Glance
June 4, 2017

09:00-10:30		

Parallel Sessions

10:30-10:45		

Coffee Break

11:45-12:15
Spotlight Presentation | Room 503 (5F)
			Not Just Your Average Cartoon – “Mainzelmännchen” As Agents			of Conservative TV Propaganda
			Holger Briel
10:45-12:15		

Parallel Sessions

12:15-13:45		

Lunch Break

13:30-15:30		

Parallel Sessions

15:30-15:45

Coffee Break

15:45-16:30

Conference Closing Address | Room 504#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 7

Information & Access
Registration
You will be able to pick up your registration pack and name card at the Conference Registration Desk.
The Conference Registration Desk and Publications Desk will be situated in the following locations
during the conference:
Friday, June 2			Saturday, June 3		
Sunday, June 4		

09:00-17:00
09:00-17:00
08:30-15:30

Open Studio (2F)
Room 504 (5F)
Room 504 (5F)

If you have any questions or concerns, IAFOR staff and volunteers will happily assist you in any way
they can.

Name Badges
When you check in, you will receive a registration pack, which includes your name badge. Wearing
your badge is required for entrance to the sessions. You must wear your badge at all times during
the conference. There are four colours of badges indicating the type of conference participant:
Red: Presenters and Audience
Yellow: Keynote and Featured Speakers
Blue: Conference Exhibitors and Affiliates
Black: IAFOR Staff

Getting to the Conference Venue
From Kansai International Airport: Board theKobe-bound Airport Limousine Bus from bus stop
number 6 on the first floor of Kansai International
Airport. Get off at Sannomiya Station (see "FromSannomiya Station" below).
By Bullet Train (Shinkansen): The Art Center Kobe
is a five-minute walk from the first-floor exit ofShin-Kobe Station. There are regular bullet train(Shinkansen) services from Osaka (15 minutes),
Kyoto (30 minutes) Tokyo (2 hours 48 minutes)
and Hiroshima (1 hour 13 minutes).
From Sannomiya Station (Kobe Downtown Area): The bustling downtown center of Sannomiya, witha huge range of restaurants, bars, cafes and shops, is a 15-minute walk or a short direct subway rideaway. The limited express train from Osaka Station to Sannomiya takes around 30 minutes.
There are three options:•••

Take the subway to Shin-Kobe Station on the Seishin-Yamate Line (about two minutes)
Take a taxi to the Art Center Kobe (about five minutes)
Walk to the Art Center Kobe (about 15 minutes)

8 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORLunch & Dinner
Lunch
Lunch on Friday, Saturday and Sunday is included in the conference registration fee. Your IAFOR
lunch voucher can be exchanged for lunch at Mame no Hatake located in the ANA Crowne Plaza, afive-minute walk away from the conference venue. Please collect your lunch voucher from the IAFOR
staff member situated outside the restaurants at the ANA Crowne Plaza during the lunch period(lunch times below). Please remember to bring your conference name badge as you will need toshow this in order to claim your voucher. Please show your voucher to restaurant staff as you enter.
Please see the map below for directions.
Restaurant name: Mame no Hatake (豆乃畑)Restaurant address: Shin-Kobe Oriental Avenue 2F (ANA Crowne Plaza), 1-1 Kitanocho Chuo-Ku, Kobe
This Japanese buffet-style restaurant has great variety of Japanese dishes available, including
vegetarian and vegan options. The restaurant specialises in tofu-based and traditional Japanesevegetable dishes. Lunch service includes an unlimited drinks bar, coffee station and dessert table.

Lunch Times
Friday, June 2 		Saturday, June 3 		Sunday, June 4		

12:00-13:30
12:00-13:30
12:15-13:45

Official Conference Dinner
The official Conference Dinner is a ticketed optional event (5,000 JPY). Please remember to bringyour name tag to the Conference Dinner. Conference Dinner attendees should meet in the Art Center
Kobe 2F Lobby at 18:15 on Friday, June 2, 2017. The group leaves for the restaurant at 18:30. It takes
approximately 15 minutes to walk to the restaurant.
Restaurant name: Hana Renkon
Restaurant address: Yamamotodori 2 Chome 1-1, Coner House Building B1F, Chuo Ward, Kobe
Japanese name: 花れんこん
Japanese address: 〒650-0003 兵庫県神戸市中央区山本通2-1-1 コーナーハウスB1#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 9

General Information
Internet Access
There is free Wi-Fi internet connection on the fifth floor of Art Center Kobe*. However, this canbe unreliable and we would strongly suggest that you do not rely on a live connection for yourpresentation.
Wi-Fi Connection Name: kobe-art
Wi-Fi Password: art12345*There is no Wi-Fi connection on the second floor of Art Center Kobe.

Refreshment Breaks
Complimentary coffee, tea and water will be available during the scheduled coffee breaks at the
Plenary Session on Friday morning on the second floor and in Room 504 (5F) during the rest of theconference. Light snacks will also be provided.
Food and drink (excluding water) are not allowed in the presentation rooms. Also, please refrainfrom consuming food and drink in and around the 2F entrance area.

Printing
For your convenience, there will be an iMac computer (with Microsoft Office installed) and a printer at
the conference Registration Desk. We are able to offer a complimentary printing service of up to ten
A4 sheets should you need this. Please be advised that printing may not be available at peak times.
The Crowne Plaza operates a business centre for copying, printing and scanning. This businesscentre is staffed and open between 09:00 and 17:00 daily.

Smoking
Smoking is not permitted in the Art Center Kobe. Please smoke outside of the building in designatedsmoking areas.

What to Wear & Bring
Attendees generally wear business casual attire. You may wish to bring a light jacket or sweater as
meeting rooms are air-conditioned. Tour attendees are encouraged to wear comfortable shoes andbring an umbrella or waterproof in case of rain.

Photo/Recording Waiver
There may be photography, audio and video recording at the conference. By entering the event
premises you give consent to the use of your photograph, likeness or video or audio recording inwhole or in part without restriction or limitation for any educational, promotional, or other purpose
for distribution.

10 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORThe Art Center Kobe
Floor Guide#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 11

Presentation Guide
Conference Abstracts
All conference abstracts are available online. Please visit papers.iafor.org for a searchable databaseof abstracts.

Oral & Workshop Presentations
Oral Presentation Sessions will run from 10:00 on Saturday and 09:00 on Sunday morning. They are
generally organised into parallel sessions by streams. Oral Presentations are normally scheduled
in sessions comprising three presentations, lasting 90 minutes in total. In sessions with two Oral
Presentations, the session will last 60 minutes, and in the case of four Oral Presentations, anextended session lasting 120 minutes will be scheduled.
The time in the sessions is to be divided equally between presentations. We recommend that an Oral
Presentation should last 15–20 minutes to include time for question and answers, but should last no
longer than 25 minutes. Any remaining session time may be used for additional discussion.

Equipment
All rooms will be equipped with a MacBook computer pre-installed with PowerPoint and Keynote
and connected to a LCD projector. If you wish, you may directly link your own PC laptop, although
we advise you to use the computer provided by plugging in your USB flash drive. We recommendthat you bring two copies of your presentation in case one fails, and suggest sending yourself thepresentation by email as a third and final precaution.

Session Chairs
Session Chairs are asked to introduce themselves and other speakers (briefly) using the provided
printouts of speaker bios, hand out the provided presentation certificates at the end of the session,
ensure that the session begins and ends on time, and that the time is divided fairly between thepresentations. Each presenter should have no more than 25 minutes in which to present his or her
paper and respond to any questions. The Session Chair is asked to assume this timekeeping role,and to this end yellow and red timekeeping cards are used as a visual cue for presenters, letting
them know when they have five minutes remaining, and when they must stop.
Please follow the order in the programme, and if for any reason a presenter fails to show up, pleasekeep to the original time slots as delegates use the programme to plan their attendance.
12 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFOR

Presentation Guide
Poster Sessions
The Poster Session is 60 minutes in length and takes place in the Grand Salon (3F).
The poster display boards are 1800 mm high x 900 mm wide. Pins and tape will be provided for
putting posters up. Please be aware that there are no on-site facilities for printing posters.

Presentation Certificates
Poster Presenters can pick up a certificate of presentation from the Registration Desk. All otherpresenters will receive a certificate of presentation from their Session Chair or a member of staff at
the end of their session.

Conference Proceedings
The Conference Proceedings are published on the IAFOR website (papers.iafor.org), and can be
freely accessed as part of IAFOR’s research archive. All authors may have their full paper publishedin the online Conference Proceedings.
Full text submission is due by July 4, 2017 through the online system. The proceedings will be publishedon August 4, 2017. Authors will have PDF copies of their offprints emailed to them by September 4, 2017.

A Polite Request to All ParticipantsParticipants are requested to arrive in a timely fashion for all presentations, whether to their own orto those of other presenters. Presenters are reminded that the time slots should be divided fairly andequally between the number of presentations, and that presentations should not overrun.
Please refrain from discussion until after presentations have ended and ensure that mobile phones
are switched off or set to silent mode during presentations.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 13

IAFOR Journals
www.iafor.org/journals

14 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORIAFOR Journals
www.iafor.org/journals

The International Academic Forum’s journals conform to the highest academic standards ofinternational peer review, and are published in accordance with IAFOR’s commitment to make all ofour published materials available online.

How are journal editors appointed?
Journal editors are appointed by The International Academic Forum’s leadership, under the guidanceof the International Advisory Board. The term of appointment is for one issue, to be renewed bymutual consent.

How do we ensure academic integrity?
Once appointed, the journal editor is free to appoint his or her own editorial team and advisory
members. All papers published in the journal have been subjected to the rigorous and accepted
processes of academic peer review. Neither editors nor members of the editorial team are remunerated
for their work. Authors will never be asked to contribute to publication costs.

How are papers selected?
Journal editors may accept papers through an open call, and proposed articles may be sent directly tothe respective editors. A small number of papers from the associated Conference Proceedings may also
be selected by the journal editor(s) for reworking and revising, subject to normal processes of review. It is
expected that between five and ten percent of papers included in any given Conference Proceedings will
be selected for consideration and potential publication in the associated conference journal.

How are IAFOR journals related to IAFOR conferences?
IAFOR’s journals reflect the interdisciplinary and international nature of our conferences andare organised thematically. Papers included in the associated Conference Proceedings may beconsidered for reworking by the editor(s), and are then subjected to the same processes of peer
review as papers submitted by other means.

Journal Editors
IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities
Dr Alfonso Garcia Osuna, Hofstra University, USA
IAFOR Journal of Literature & Librarianship
Dr Richard Donovan, Kansai University, Japan
IAFOR Journal of Education
Dr Bernard Montoneri, Tamkang University, Taiwan
IAFOR Journal of Business & Management
Dr Anshuman Khare, Athabasca University, Canada
IAFOR Journal of the Social Sciences
Dr Tingting Ying, Ningbo University of Technology, China
IAFOR Journal of Ethics, Religion & Philosophy
Professor Lystra Hagley-Dickinson, University of St Mark& St John, UK
IAFOR Journal of Sustainability, Energy & theEnvironment
Dr Alexandru-Ionut Petrisor, University of Architectureand Urban Planning, Romania / URBAN-INCERC, Romania

IAFOR Journal of Media, Communication & Film
Dr James Rowlins, Singapore University of Design
and Technology, Singapore
IAFOR Journal of Asian Studies
Dr Seiko Yasumoto, University of Sydney, Australia
IAFOR Journal of Language Learning
Dr Ebru Melek Koç, Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey
IAFOR Journal of Politics, Economics & Law
Dr Craig Mark, Kyoritsu Women’s University, Japan
IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies
Professor Holger Briel, Xi’an Jiaotung-Liverpool
University, China
IAFOR Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences
Dr Shahrokh Shafaie, Southeast Missouri State
University, USA
Dr Deborah G. Wooldridge, Bowling Green State
University, USA#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 15

The Reverend Professor
Stuart D. B. Picken (1942–2016)
It is with sadness that we inform our friends of IAFOR that the Chairman of the organisation, theReverend Professor Stuart D. B. Picken, passed away on Friday, August 5, 2016.
Stuart Picken was born in Glasgow in 1942 and enjoyed an international reputation in philosophy,
comparative religious and cultural studies, but it is as a scholar of Japan and Japanese thought for
which he will be best remembered, and as one of the world’s foremost experts on Shinto.
Picken entered University of Glasgow, Scotland, aged 16 to study divinity and philosophy, and his
studies culminated with a doctorate that looked at Christianity and the work of Kant. In 1966 he
was ordained in the Church of Scotland, and began his career as a minister in Orkney. However,his curiosity led him from isolated rural Scotland to the world’s largest city, and following a visit toTokyo on a Rotary scholarship, Picken was appointed Professor of Philosophy at the International
Christian University (ICU) in 1972. Here he turned his western theological and philosophical training
to comparative religious and cultural studies of Japan, at a time when the country was emerging
from the shadows of the Second World War.
His groundbreaking and controversial work on suicide in Japan made his name within the country,
but it was his subsequent work on Shinto that influenced the rehabilitation of the religion at a time
when it was dismissed in the west as pagan and primitive, or unjustly caricatured for its wartime
associations.
As Japan emerged as an economic superpower in the 1970s and 1980s, and given his growing
prominence as an academic, Picken was much in demand as part of a period in which Japanesewanted to learn more about themselves as seen through the eyes of the West, and where Westernbusinesses were eager to learn from the all-conquering Japanese model. By then fluent in Japanese,
he served as a business consultant to such corporations and also served as a consultant to various
businesses, including Jun Ashida Ltd., Mitsui Mining & Smelting Corp. , Kobe Steel and Japan
Airlines. During this period he was active in the St Andrew Society, and founded the Tokyo Highland
Games, which is still an annual event.
The author of a dozen books and over 130 articles and papers, Picken was to stay at ICU for 25 years,
where he was a popular lecturer and mentor to both Japanese and visiting scholars, serving tenures
as Chairman of the Division of Humanities from 1981 to 1983, and as Director of Japanese Studies
from 1995 to 1997, as well as concurrently founding Director of the Centre for Japanese Studies at
the University of Stirling, Scotland from 1985 to 1988. A keen amateur footballer, whose devotion to
Japan was rivalled only by that he felt for Glasgow Rangers, he continued to play into his fifties at
ICU, encouraging many students to take up the sport.
16 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORHe left ICU in 1997, and from then until 2004 served as the founding Dean of the Faculty of Foreign
Languages and Asian Studies at Nagoya University of Commerce and Business, and the founding
Dean of the Graduate School Division of Global Business Communication from 2002 to 2004. Uponhis retirement from his academic posts, he returned to Scotland to re-enter the ministry as ministerof the linked charge of Ardoch with Blackford in 2005, yet he continued his academic and Japaneseinterests as the Chairman of the Japan Society of Scotland.
Whether in his research or teaching, Picken devoted much of his life to increasing understanding
between his adopted country and the West, and in 2007 he was recognised with the Order of the
Sacred Treasure, an imperial decoration for his pioneering research and outstanding contribution to
the promotion of friendship and mutual understanding between Japan and the UK. He also served
as the International Adviser to the High Priest of the Tsubaki Grand Shrine, one of Japan’s largest
and oldest shrines.
From 2009 he was the founding Chairman of The International Academic Forum (IAFOR) where he
was highly active in helping nurture and mentor a new generation of academics, and facilitating
better intercultural and international awareness and understanding. In the years immediately
preceding his illness, he continued to lecture throughout the world, in Europe, North America, Asiaand the Middle East.
He is survived by his wife, Hong Wen, and children, Fiona, Jeannette, William and Lynn.
Image Caption | The Reverend Professor Stuart D. B. Picken (IAFOR), Professor Arthur Stockwin, OBE (The University of Oxford) andProfessor Jun Arima (University of Tokyo) enjoy a lighter moment during a discussion on Japanese security at The European Conference
on Economics, Politics & Law 2014.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 17

IAFOR Academic
Grant & Scholarship Recipients
We are delighted to announce the recipients of financial support as part of the IAFOR grants andscholarships programme, newly launched for 2017.
Our warmest congratulations go to Sojeong Park, recipient of the Stuart D. B. Picken Grant &Scholarship, and Sunkyung Choi, Yuki Watai and Xiaomeng Li, recipients of IAFOR Scholarships, whohave been selected by the conference Organising Committee to receive financial support to present
their research at The Asian Conference on Cultural Studies 2017 and The Asian Conference on AsianStudies 2017.
IAFOR’s grants and scholarships programme provides financial support to PhD students and early
career academics, with the aim of helping them pursue research excellence and achieve their academic
goals through interdisciplinary study and interaction. Awards are based on the appropriateness of theeducational opportunity in relation to the applicant’s field of study, financial need, and contributions
to their community and to IAFOR’s mission of interdisciplinarity. Scholarships are awarded based on
availability of funds from IAFOR and vary with each conference.
The Organising Committee of the relevant IAFOR conference awards scholarships to eligible
applicants who have submitted exceptional abstracts that have passed the blind peer review process
and have been accepted for presentation at the conference.
Find out more about IAFOR grants and scholarships: iafor.org/financial-support

Sojeong Park, Seoul National University, South Korea
Stuart D. B. Picken Grant & Scholarship Recipient

Sojeong Park is a PhD student at the Department of Communication at Seoul National University,
South Korea. Her research interests include a variety of media culture and visual culture with focus on
representation, gender, transnational culture and digital culture. She received her master’s degree atthe same department, with her dissertation entitled "Romantic Relationship in the Neoliberal Korean
Society: Representation of Romantic Relationship in Korean Romantic Comedy Movies since 2008". In
her current research, she examines the hegemonic process between Internet broadcasting culture andconventional television culture. She has recently been focusing on online misogyny in South Korea.
35480		Saturday 13:30-14:00 | Room 505 (5F)
Misogyny in Hell-Joseon: An Intersectional Approach to the Misogyny of South Korean Society
This study aims to explain the recent misogynistic atmosphere of South Korean society throughintersectionality theory. While misogynistic hate speech and resulting feminist movement increase, thegeneralized binary framework, which regards men as offenders and women as victims, maintains the fightbetween men and women. Black feminism, which emphasizes identity politics, provides an alternative
framework for analyzing the misogyny of Korean society. Therefore, this research focuses on theintersectional identities of Korean men and women, thereby identifying the misogyny of Korea as a result of
the gender sensitivity formed by dialectical interaction between colonial history and contemporary social
contexts. The so-called “Hell-Joseon” discourse, which compares Korea to hell, summarizes this dialecticalinteraction. Looking back on the genealogy of misogyny in Joseon/Korea in the twentieth century, thisstudy reveals that the Korean misogyny discourse has been formed by men who have attributed the causeof national crisis to women who are thought to have polluted the essence of the nation. While Korean men
have established themselves as the owners of the nation, they have also formed a repressed identity throughcolonial experience. This intersectional identity constitutes a particular pathos among men and results indouble oppression of women. This profoundly rooted colonialism and the resulting distorted nationalism,
intertwined with widespread defeatism of young people, form the basis of today’s misogyny. Analyzing the
dynamics of the misogyny in a broader context, this study discusses the ways in which the Korean feminist
movement and cultural studies can challenge the gender imaginary created by colonialism.
18 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORIAFOR Academic
Grant & Scholarship Recipients
Sunkyung Choi, University of North Korean Studies, South Korea& University of California, Berkeley, USA
IAFOR Scholarship Recipient

35562		Saturday 15:45-16:15 | Room 503 (5F)Transborder Mobility and (Re)construction of Boundaries in the Sino-North Korea Borderland
Most of the existing research on the migration in the Sino-North Korea borderland ignores thepre-existing fluidity of legal and illegal mobility between the northern part of North Korea and thenorthern provinces of China. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the land around the border
between North Korea and China was an ethnic Korean space that has long-established culturaland linguistic communities. These communities including members of the same families who werethen separated into individual countries in the aftermath of the colonial period and the Korean War.
While constructing the borderlines under the nation-state system, both states tried to redefine theterritoriality of the region and the identities of the peoples, which remained ambiguous. Even theboundaries were fixed by the two nations; however, the border crossing was still an everyday reality
for the people in the border region until the 1960s. The networks based on kinship began to berevitalized from the 1990s after being severed for many decades. In this sense, this paper focuseson the transnational practices that blur the boundaries and the processes of reconstruction ofkinship tied into the related interaction of socio-political contexts, drawing on in-depth interviews
to reveal the trajectories of family separation and reassertion of family ties. I hope to argue that theborderland is not fixed by territorial thinking, but rather is continually reconstructed through theconstant mobility formed by every individual practice.

Yuki Watai, University of Warwick, UK
IAFOR Scholarship Recipient

35536		Sunday 09:30-10:00 | Room 501 (5F)A Neoclassical Realist Account of Abe’s Attempt at Constitutional Revision
Why did Japan recently begin a serious attempt to revise the constitution to allow the right to collective
self-defense in the early 2010s? This is a serious research puzzle for the researchers of Japan’sInternational Relations. The primary aim of this paper is to put forward an alternative yet theoreticallyrigorous explanation for it. The existing literature fails to explain why such an attempt was made in
the early 2010s, not after the Cold War or 9/11 when seemingly a window of opportunity was given.
Nevertheless, Abe’s administration set it as a political agenda despite the absence of an apparent
sea change in the international system. This paper employs a neoclassical realist approach with four
“intervening variables” – leaders’ image, domestic institutions, strategic culture and state-society
relations. I argue that these variables mediate the influence of the international structure and are more
effective in explaining the puzzle than structural realism and constructivism. Up until the second Abeadministration started, a unique structure of domestic institutions and an unpopular security policythat did not help in getting voters prevented the government from setting the constitutional revision.
However, the LDP’s defeat in the 2009 election that led to the unification of the party and Abe’s tacticalmaneuver of stabilizing the government through other policy areas such as Abenomics as an effective
election strategy finally enabled the cabinet to pursue the revision. This paper also sets itself apartfrom other studies of Japan’s international relations because of its rigorous theoretical application.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 19

IAFOR Academic
Grant & Scholarship Recipients
Xiaomeng Li, Ohio University, USA
IAFOR Scholarship Recipient

35561		Sunday 14:00-14:30 | Room 503 (5F)The Entanglement of Signs – Examining the Political Turn of Internet Memes in China
Memes in China have gained momentum in recent years thanks to the high penetration of theInternet and usage of mobile phones. Previous studies on Chinese Internet memes mainly go into
two directions, one is from a political perspective that addresses how memes reflect the tension
between the Chinese party-state and civil society. The other direction is quite apolitical, and focuseson the playfulness of the Internet environment and youth culture. However, this paper proposes
an “entanglement” between the apolitical and political memes and argues that under certain
circumstances, apolitical memes could take on political significance and even strengthen the
Chinese ruling power’s hegemony. Referring to theoretical frameworks such as banal nationalism,
hegemony, and imagined community, this paper applies a social semiotic analysis to examine the“China-Taiwan memes war” on Facebook in January 2016 to further observe the key contexts andcircumstances that foster the entanglement of signs and meanings. The findings demonstrate
that: 1) this entanglement should give credit to the blossoming popular culture and entertainment
industry which often serve as a safe hub for mild political expression and circumvent the politicalsurveillance; 2) only when the ideas expressed in the memes are not challenging but supporting
the authority’s ideology can they participate in the construction of nationalism; 3) when traditional
cultural signs are reinforced with the help of popular culture (memes), consent is easily achieved
and hails the netizens to re-imagine nationalism, which again, makes the Chinese party-state theultimate beneficiary of this celebratory online culture.

20 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORKeynote,
Featured& Spotlight
Speakers#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 21

Keynote, Featured& Spotlight Speakers
The following Keynote, Featured and Spotlight Speakers will provide a variety of perspectives
from different academic and professional backgrounds on the conference theme "Global Realities:
Precarious Survival and Belonging".

Professor Gaurav Desai

Dr Brian Victoria

Professor Emerita Sue Ballyn

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies, UK

University of Barcelona, Spain

Professor Donald E. Hall

Professor Emeritus Yasue Arimitsu

Professor Holger Briel

Lehigh University, USA

Doshisha University, Japan

Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China

Dr Seiko Yasumoto
University of Sydney, Australia

22 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORKeynote Presentation: Gaurav Desai
Friday, June 2 | 10:30-11:30 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Precarious Futures, Precarious Pasts:
Migritude and Planetarity
In this talk I will focus on the figure of the migrant in recent Anglophone fiction from Africa and South
Asia. I am interested in the continuities and discontinuities in the experience of migration from thenineteenth century to the present, particularly, though not exclusively, for vulnerable populations. I
then attempt to connect that experience to challenges posed to us by environmental changes andvulnerabilities in the same time frame. The aim is to think through the figure of the migrant not just
as someone who moves from one sociopolitical context – village, town, city, nation – to another, but
to think through migrant experiences as they relate to larger planetary concerns.

Biography
Professor Gaurav Desai is Professor of English at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. Authorof Subject to Colonialism: African Self-fashioning and the Colonial Library (Duke University Press,
2001) and editor of Teaching the African Novel (MLA, 2009), he has guest edited a volume of essays
on “Culture and the Law” (South Atlantic Quarterly, 100.4, 2001), on “Actually Existing Colonialisms”(Journal of Contemporary Thought, 24, 2006), on “Asian African Literatures” (Research in African
Literatures, 42.3, 2011), and co-edited a volume of essays on “Multi-Ethnic Literatures and the Idea
of Social Justice” (MELUS, 28.1, Spring 2003). Postcolonialisms: An Anthology of Cultural Theory
and Criticism (Rutgers University Press, 2005) which he co-edited with Supriya Nair, has becomea standard reference and classroom text since its publication. Among Desai’s other publications
are articles in edited collections and journals such as PMLA, Genders, Representations, Boundary2,
Interventions, Research in African Literatures, African Studies Review and Cultural Critique. Recipientof a residential fellowship at the National Humanities Center in 2001, Desai has also been awarded a
Rockefeller Foundation award for a residency at the Bellagio Center in Italy, a visiting fellowship at theCenter for Research in the Arts, Social Sciences and the Humanities at the University of Cambridge,
and an ACLS Burkhardt Fellowship for his research. In 2004, Desai was made a life member of ClareHall, University of Cambridge. His latest book on narratives of Indian Ocean connections between
Africa and India, Commerce with the Universe: Africa, India and the Afrasian Imagination (Columbia
University Press, 2013), received the 2014 Rene Wellek Prize from the American Comparative Literature
Association and was a finalist for the Bethwell Ogot Prize from the African Studies Association as
well as the Asia-Africa Book Prize awarded by the International Institute for Asian Studies in Leiden.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 23

Featured Presentation: Brian Victoria
Friday, June 2 | 13:30-14:15 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

Buddhist
Terrorism?
Buddhism has long enjoyed a reputation in the West as a religion of peace. It is only in recent years
that the long history of those calling themselves Buddhists who engaged in warfare has been
introduced to Western readers (see, for example, Buddhist Warfare). In an era in which terrorist acts
carried out by those who identify themselves as Muslims attract our attention, it is noteworthy that
Buddhists, too, are not immune to this form of religious fanaticism. The historical truth is that in
1930s Japan at least three Buddhist-related acts of terrorism took place. While introducing theseterrorist acts, this presentation focuses on the Buddhist doctrine and practice undergirding the socalled “Blood Oath Corps Incident” (J. Ketsumeidan Jiken) of early 1932.
Image | “Blood Oath Corps Incident” defendants awaiting trial

Biography
Dr Brian Victoria is a native of Omaha, Nebraska and a 1961 graduate of Nebraska Wesleyan University
in Lincoln, Nebraska. He holds a MA in Buddhist Studies from Sōtō Zen sect-affiliated Komazawa
University in Tokyo, and a PhD from the Department of Religious Studies at Temple University.
In addition to a second, enlarged edition of Zen At War (Rowman & Littlefield, 2006), Brian's major
writings include Zen War Stories (RoutledgeCurzon, 2003); an autobiographical work in Japaneseentitled Gaijin de ari, Zen bozu de ari (As a Foreigner, As a Zen Priest), published by San-ichi Shobo
in 1971; Zen Master Dōgen, coauthored with Professor Yokoi Yūhō of Aichi-gakuin University(Weatherhill, 1976); and a translation of The Zen Life by Sato Koji (Weatherhill, 1972). In addition,
Brian has published numerous journal articles, focusing on the relationship of not only Buddhism
but religion in general, to violence and warfare.
From 2005 to 2013 Brian was a Professor of Japanese Studies and director of the AEA “Japan and
Its Buddhist Traditions Program” at Antioch University in Yellow Springs, USA. From 2013 to 2015 he
was a Visiting Research Fellow at the International Research Center for Japanese Studies in Kyoto,
Japan, where he is writing a book tentatively entitled: Zen Terror in 1930s Japan. Brian currently
continues his research as a Fellow of the Oxford Center for Buddhist Studies and is a fully ordained
Buddhist priest in the Sōtō Zen sect.

24 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORSpotlight Presentation: Sue Ballyn
Friday, June 2 | 14:15-14:45 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)“(…) For Those in Peril on the Sea”: The Important Role of Surgeons
on Convict Transports
Sailing in the eighteenth and nineteenth century was indeed dangerous. Without the sophisticated equipment we have today
and out of reach of rescue services, those sailing the high seas did well to commend their bodies and souls to God. Thelong trip from England to Australia was fraught with difficulties, from storms, doldrums and leaky hulls to serious illnesses
on board. It was the surgeons on the convict transports who were often the unsung heroes of hazardous passages to the
Antipodes. While their role has not been ignored, it is only through reading their journals that complete maritime narratives
emerge. In this paper I want to discuss the work of surgeons on female transports, the importance of their power at sea andon land, their care of their charges and how medical improvisation very often saved a patient’s life. I have chosen femaletransports rather than male because of the added difficulties the women brought to the weeks at sea: pregnancy among
others. The subject is very complex but I hope to be able to offer a general overview of the outstanding role played by thesemen in the project of expanding the British Empire into the Antipodes.
Image | The Ship Mountstuart Elphinstone Offshore by William Adolphus Knell (1840)

Biography
Professor Sue Ballyn is Professor Emerita at the University of Barcelona from where she graduated with a BA in 1982. Her
MA thesis on the writings of Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes won the Faculty prize in 1983. In 1986 she won the Faculty prize
again, this time for her PhD thesis on Australian Poetry, the first PhD on Australian Literature in Spain.
She joined the English and German Philology Department on graduation in 1982 and has remained at the university eversince. In 1990 she founded the Australian Studies Program which was recognised as an official University of Barcelona
Observatory - Studies Centre in 2000, known as CEA, Observatorio Centre d’Estudis Australians. It is the only AustralianStudies Centre in Spain and one of the most active in Europe.
Over the last 25 years, Sue Ballyn’s research has been focused on foreign convicts transported to Australia, in particular
Spanish, Portuguese, Hispanics and Sephardim, and she works closely with the Female Convicts Research Centre,
Tasmania. She has published and lectured widely in the area, very often in collaboration with Professor Lucy Frost.
More recently she has become involved in a project on ageing in literature DEDAL-LIT at Lleida University, which in turn is partof a European project on ageing: SIforAge. As part of this project she is working on Human Rights and the Elderly, an area she
started to research in 1992. In 2016 a book of interviews with elderly women, with the working title Stories of Experience, will
be published as part of this project. These oral stories are the result of field work she has carried out in Barcelona.
She is also involved in a ministry-funded project, run out of the Australian Studies Centre and headed by Dr Bill Phillips,
on Postcolonial Crime Fiction (POCRIF) This last project has inevitably intertwined itself with her work on convicts andAustralia. She currently holds the position of Profesor Emerita and Founder/Co-Director of the Australian Studies Centre
at the University of Barcelona.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 25

Featured Panel Presentation:
Yasue Arimitsu, Donald E. Hall & Sue Ballyn
Friday, June 2 | 15:15-16:45 | Prokofiev Hall (2F)

The Challenges of Doing Cultural Studies TodayGiven the rise of anti-globalisation, nationalisms and cultural isolationism, 2017 and beyond will proveparticularly challenging times for those of us working in cultural studies. Our four panellists will each speak
for five minutes about emerging geo-political constraints on their work, as well as their respective national
and institutional contexts. This will be followed by a general discussion with the audience about collective
experiences and strategies for individual and collective response to the challenges that we face.

Biographies
Professor Donald E. Hall is Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Lehigh University, USA. He has
published widely in the fields of British Studies, Gender Theory, Cultural Studies, and Professional Studies.
Prior to arriving at Lehigh in 2011, he served as Jackson Distinguished Professor of English and Chair of
the Department of English (and previously Chair of the Department of Foreign Languages) at West Virginia
University (WVU). His current and forthcoming work examines issues such as professional responsibility
and academic community-building, the dialogics of social change and ethical intellectualism, and theVictorian (and our continuing) interest in the deployment of instrumental agency over our social, vocational,
and sexual selves. His book, The Academic Community: A Manual For Change, was published by Ohio State
University Press in the fall of 2007. His tenth book, Reading Sexualities: Hermeneutic Theory and the Futureof Queer Studies, was published in the spring of 2009. Professor Donald E. Hall is a Vice-President of IAFOR.
Professor Yasue Arimitsu is Professor Emeritus of English and Australian Studies, Doshisha University,
Kyoto, Japan. She is the author of Finding a Place: Landscape and the Search for Identity in the Early Novels ofPatrick White (1986) and Australian Identity: Struggle and Transformation in Australian Literature (2003). She
co-authored An Introduction to Australian Studies, 2nd Edition (2007). She has also edited and contributed
to translating Diamond Dog: An Anthology of Contemporary Australian Short Stories – Reflections on
Multicultural Society (2008). Her article “Nation and Literature: Literary Possibilities in a Multicultural
Society” was published in Racism, Slavery, and Literature (2010), edited by Wolfgang Zach/Ulrich Pallua,
and another article, “Nam Le’s The Boat: A Reflection of Multiple Selves”, was published in Literatures inEnglish: New Ethical, Cultural, and Transnational Perspectives (2013), edited by Michael Kenneally, Rhona
Richman Kenneally and Wolfgang Zach. She has recently edited and authored Contemporary AustralianStudies: Literature, History, Film and Media Studies in a Globalizing Age (2016).
For a biography of Professor Emerita Sue Ballyn please see the previous page.
26 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORSpotlight Presentation: Seiko Yasumoto
Saturday, June 3 | 11:30-12:00 | Room 505 (5F)

Cross-Cultural Engagement and Media Integrationin Japan and East Asia
In East Asia a progressive multilateral process of cultural re-engagement and media integration is occurring.
Japan has achieved the right and acceptance to trade media content in East Asia and beyond, particularly in thedomain of popular culture for anime, manga and television drama (TV drama). Japan’s media trade in Korea, andparticularly in mainland China, has in the past been inhibited by respective government controls and regulations.
These controls have progressively been relaxed and benefits have multilaterally accrued to creators of content.
An outstanding example of this is South Korea’s Korean Wave, which is directly attributable to the progressive
dismantling of media controls in South Korea preventing Japanese content entering South Korea. This study
examines the macro Japanese broadcasting content overseas exports from 2001 to 2014. Japanese content
has been regionalised and disseminated beyond Japan, for example, with content adaptation, localised remaking
and co-productions. This study further analyses the remaking of Japanese media products in South Korea andTaiwan, exploring three examples including the ground-breaking Japanese and Korean co-production of the TV
drama Friends by Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS) and Munhwa Broadcasting Cooperation (MBC Korea), which
was broadcast simultaneously in South Korea and Japan, the remake of the Japanese manga Hana Yori Dangoand remade into the TV drama format Meteor Garden in Taiwan with subsequent extensive regional adaptation,
remaking and format changes, and the remake of the manga Jin into the TV dramas Jin in Japan and Dr. Jin in
Korea. The study confirms the value attributable to the relaxation of controls inhibiting or preventing the flow of
media content and in turn contributing to cultural re-engagement.
Image | Screenshot from the opening credits of Hana Yori Dango.

Biography
Dr Seiko Yasumoto lectures and carries out research on Japanese and East Asian media and cultural studies at the
University of Sydney. Her primary research, which she has published widely, includes Japanese government media
policy and broadcasting media within the domain of popular culture. The scope includes transmission of content,
textual analysis, copyright, media industries, adaptation theory, youth culture, audience analysis and trans-national
media cultural flows in Japan and East Asia. She is the editor of the IAFOR Journal of Asian Studies, guest editor of
the Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia special edition on Global Media 2010 and co-editor of the scholarly
journal Ilha Do Desterro a Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies: Expression,
Identity and Society.Vol.2006. She was the Japan and North, East Asia regional representative of the Asian Studies
of Association of Australia (2009–2012), is an editorial board member of the Oriental Society of Australia, theEast Asian Popular Culture Association and Journalism and Mass Communication USA. She holds a prestigious
Teaching Excellence Award from the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia.
#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 27

Spotlight Presentation: Holger Briel
Sunday, June 4 | 11:45-12:15 | Room 503 (5F)

Not Just Your Average Cartoon – “Mainzelmännchen” As Agents ofConservative TV Propaganda
While the West German TV broadcasting system had to a large part been modelled on Hugh Green's
understanding of the BBC (who had been charged with creating a non-centralised German broadcasting
system after WWII), it did, unlike the BBC, include moderate yet tightly controlled advertising time. Initially,
advertising was only allowed between 17:00 and 20:00, excluding Sundays, and only in blocks of 5–10
minutes each. In order to break up the succession of adverts, stations used animations. First and foremost,these clips were meant to provide a light-hearted caesura or insert (Werbetrenner) between individual
adverts. But ultimately, their remit went much further than that; on the one hand, these animations wereintended to draw children into the advertising world and keep viewers on the station; on the other, theyalso provided a glimpse of social issues shaping the evolution of German society. The most famous ones
were the “Mainzelmännchen”, a collection of funny gnomes created for the ZDF broadcasting station. In mypresentation, I will analyse a number of these clips according to their relevance as markers of social changes
through the last 50 years or so. It will become clear that they are far from lighthearted entertainment but
have a neo-conservative agenda regarding nationalism, gender, education, consumption and social change.
Furthermore, I will also discuss changes made to them due to digitalisation and how they and their creators’
agenda have become re-entrenched in new media in a changing and unequal world.
Image | Screenshot from an episode of Mainzelmännchen

Biography
Professor Holger Briel from Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University is the editor of the IAFOR Journal of
Cultural Studies. Professor Briel holds a PhD in Cultural Theory from the University of Massachusetts,
Amherst, and an MA in Comparative Literature from the University Michigan, Ann Arbor. He also holds
a BA in English from Eberhardt Karls Universität Tübingen, Germany. Professor Briel also completed a
portion of his graduate studies at the Universite de Paris, Sorbonne. Professor Briel has taught at several
universities in the past including: UGSM-Monarch Business School (Switzerland), the Department ofCommunications & Media Studies at the University of Nicosia (Cyprus), the University of Innsbruck,
Austria, the New York University Skopje (Macedonia), where he held Vice-Rector and Deanship positions,
Aristotle University Thessaloniki and the University of Athens (Greece) and the University of Surrey (UK).
Over the years he has been the recipient of many research grants and fellowships and is a well-publishedacademic with many books, book chapters and peer reviewed articles on Cultural Studies. Professor Brielis also a member of the EU Council for Higher Education.
28 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORSadō Workshop (Japanese Tea Ceremony)
Saturday, June 3 | 12:00-13:00 | Room 504 (5F)The Japanese tea ceremony, also called the Way of Tea, is a Japanese cultural activity
involving the ceremonial preparation and presentation of matcha (powdered greentea). Over the past millennium the performance aspect of this has ritualised and has
become famous throughout the world.
In this workshop conference delegates have the chance to take part in the ceremony
and try the tea and traditional sweets.

THINK.IAFOR.ORG
THE ACADEMIC PLATFORM
THINK.IAFOR.ORG is IAFOR’s online magazine, launched in early 2016. THINK
is an ambitious project conceived by academics, for academics, with the following
objectives:
To provide an international, far-reaching platform for the best researchpresented at IAFOR conferences;
To make original, high-quality, thought-provoking multimedia content
freely accessible to a wide readership;
To facilitate the opportunity for academics to step outside of the
traditional research publishing status quo – to get creative, explore
different disciplines and to have their ideas heard, shared and discussed
by a diverse, global academic audience.
Content published on THINK spans a wide variety of disciplines and the format isvaried, encompassing full research papers, long-form journalism, opinion pieces,creative writing, interviews, podcasts, video, photography, artwork and more.
Current contributing authors include leading academics such as Professor Svetlana
Ter-Minasova, Professor A. Robert Lee, Professor Bill Ashcroft and Professor J. A.
A. Stockwin.
Get involved by visiting the website, following us on Facebook and Twitter andsigning up to our e-newsletter.
facebook.com/ThinkIAFOR
twitter.com/ThinkIAFORSUBMIT TO THINKWe are currently accepting submissions for publication in 2017. We welcome
photographs to accompany articles, as well as topical photo-essays.
Submissions should be between 500 and 2,500 words and sent topublications@iafor.org. Please include “THINK submission” in the subject line.

Friday
June 2#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 31

Submit your research to the
IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies• Fair and rigorous peer
review process• No submission or
publication fees
• Editorially independent• Freely available online
to a global academic
audience

The IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies is an internationally reviewed andeditorially independent interdisciplinary journal associated with IAFOR’s
international conferences on Cultural Studies. Like all IAFOR publications,
it is freely available to read online, and is free of publication fees for authors.
The IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies is calling for submissions.
Volume 2 Issue 2
Submission deadline: July 1, 2017
Target publication date: September 30
For details of how to submit your paper, view the Author Guidelines
on the journal website: ijcs.iafor.org

Friday Plenary Session

10:00-16:45 | Prokofiev Hall (2F) & Grand Salon (3F)
09:00-10:00
			Conference Registration | Open Studio
Coffee will be served from 09:00

10:00-10:30

Announcements & Welcome Address | Prokofiev Hall

10:30-11:30
						

Keynote Presentation | Prokofiev Hall
Precarious Futures, Precarious Pasts: Migritude and Planetarity
Gaurav Desai, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

11:30-12:00		
			

IAFOR Documentary Photography Award
Winners' Screening followed by Conference Photograph

12:00-13:30

Lunch Break

13:30-14:15
Featured Presentation | Prokofiev Hall
			Buddhist Terrorism?
			Brian Victoria, Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies, UK
14:15-14:45
			
			
			

Featured Presentation | Prokofiev Hall“(…) For Those in Peril on the Sea”: The Important Role ofSurgeons on Convict Transports
Sue Ballyn, University of Barcelona, Spain

14:45-15:15		

Coffee Break

15:15-16:45
			
			
			
			

Featured Panel Presentation | Prokofiev HallThe Challenges of Doing Cultural Studies Today
Donald E. Hall, Lehigh University, USA
Sue Ballyn, University of Barcelona, Spain
Yasue Arimitsu, Doshisha University, Japan

17:00-18:30

Conference Welcome Reception & Poster Session | Grand Salon

19:00-21:00
						

Conference Dinner (Optional Ticketed Event)Meeting time & location: 18:15 at Art Center Kobe (2F lobby)
Group leaves for restaurant at 18:30.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 33

Friday Poster Session
17:00-18:30 | Grand Salon (3F)35571

17:00-18:30 | Grand Salon (3F)

Identity and Body Discipline of Girls in Dance Classes for Talented Students in Taiwan
Yu-Ting Liao, National Chengchi University, Taiwan

In recent years, the media and fashion industry have preferred a slim female body, which makes the definition of "beautiful body" nothing
but thin, tall, and slender. Modern women have become more harsh on their own body image (Jin Chenxuan, 2010). In such a social
context, girls in dance classes for talented students in Taiwan almost completely fit the social standard of beauty. These girls accept strict
visible or invisible body discipline from the outside world because they have to achieve the success of dance performance conditions. My
conclusion is that not only the external social environment but also the girls’ identity formed in the process of learning to dance motivatesthese girls to keep up with their perfect body figure. Therefore, the focus of this study will be on: 1) How do these girls receive and respondto messages from the outside world during their school life in dance classes for talented students? 2) How do they consider the externalsociety of the dancers’ image and how do they shape their identities as dancers? 3) How do they translate their body discipline into apart of their identity? I used secondary data of dance training in middle and high schools to design an interview outline. Semi-structured
interviews were used to interview three female dancers with experiences in dance classes. And I used the data from the interview toanswer the questions in this study in the form of discourse analysis.
34927

17:00-18:30 | Grand Salon (3F)UGC on Youtube and Political Participation: Using the 2016 Taiwan Presidential Election as an Example
Yuling Lin, Shih-Hsin University, Taiwan

The aim of this study is to examine the democratizing potential and political implications of user-generated content (UGC), including
political expression, idea exchange and public discussion, during the 2016 Taiwan Presidential election. YouTube, the largest and mostwidely used video-sharing website, both appeals to a large audience and allows for diverse modes of expression through videos andcomments without editing and censoring. Ordinary citizens are able to upload their videos (UGC) or to comment on the videos, adding
their voices on the online debate. This study adopts a quantitative content analysis to explore the relationship between the productionof UGC on YouTube about the 2016 Taiwan presidential election and the reception of those videos-viewers. The result shows that
UGC on YouTube can facilitate public participation, through allowing citizens to express, exchange, and even debate their politicalideas, thoughts and concerns. Without strong political resources, citizens have played the role of gatewatcher by retelling the stories
from mainstream media. Secondly, the topic, genre, and style of UGC are able to influence the content and language of comments.
The videos coded as scandal receive the higher click-through rate, the greater the number of comments, the more uncivil language
are used. Thirdly, the performance of UGC influences the quality of discussion. The videos with emotional appeals generate the mostattention from the public and mass media than fact-based ones, but the comments on those popular videos are often negative in tone,
and offer less substantive viewpoints.

34 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFOR

Saturday
June 3#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 35

Saturday Session I
10:00-12:00 | Room 501 (5F)South-East Asian Studies
Session Chair: Adelfa Silor
35913

10:00-10:30 | Room 501 (5F)

Cultural Knowledge Pedagogy for Higher Education

Ciedelle Grageda, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology, The Philippines
Faith Stephanny Silor, CPRT-IMCC, The Philippines
Adelfa Silor, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology, The Philippines
Pedagogy in higher education curriculum is very important in dealing with students who have different cultures. Since every individual is unique,teachers must vary their methods of teaching, the content of the lessons and type of evaluation that will fit the type of learners. Thus, thistheoretical and empirical study aimed to analyze the importance of cultural knowledge pedagogy in higher education of learning, particularlyin the integration of twenty-first-century skills. This study focused on the importance of cultural knowledge pedagogy in higher education, thecomponents and strategies of teaching using cultural knowledge across diversity, and the great contribution of using the cultural knowledge
approach in teaching learners with diverse cultures. The research design used in this study is purely theoretical and empirical design using
fifteen articles as the tools in analyzing the results of the study. Based on thorough analysis of the literature reviews of the articles, findings revealthat cultural knowledge pedagogy is very important in the teaching and learning process for the learners with different cultures. It means that
cultural knowledge is a way of demonstrating an openness and willingness to learn about the aspects of culture that are important to students
and their families. The great contribution of using cultural knowledge pedagogy is to have culturally responsive classroom management which
requires teachers to understand the ways that schools reflect and perpetuate discriminatory practices of the larger society. In conclusion,
cultural knowledge pedagogy is a useful strategy for enacting culturally responsive classroom management in the higher education of learning.
35521

10:30-11:00 | Room 501 (5F)

Perceptions of the Pre-Service Teachers on Multi-Cultural Education

J-Roel Semilla, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology, The Philippines
Multicultural education was created to provide educators with a platform for working with such diverse school populations and achieving
justice within societies marked by inequalities based on language, gender, socioeconomic status, or religion (Banks, 2004; Alanay & Aydin,2016); democracy (Ozen, 2016); respect and togetherness (Salgur, 2015); and equality (King, 2004). This concept is relevant consideringthat most pre-service teachers are well equipped with the principles and techniques of teaching but unaware that the classroom iscomprised of students representing different cultures. Understanding the various cultures of the students is vital because it can spur andboost personal development and the progress of students’ academic success (Salgur, 2015). Hence, this paper focuses on the perceptionsof pre-service teachers about multicultural education. The participants of this study were the teacher education students of Mindanao
State University – Iligan Institute of Technology. They were randomly selected and answered a semi-structured questionnaire. The findings
revealed that pre-service teachers believed that showing fairness and equality to students who come from various cultural orientations
and understanding or respecting their beliefs are means by which teachers meet the diverse needs of an increasingly multicultural student
population. Secondly, they believed that multicultural education has a great role in achieving peace, unity and equality in society. To
achieve this, they believed that improvement in the curriculum is necessary to provide a different perspective in education. The study
concludes that the pre-service teachers demonstrate understanding of the importance of multicultural approaches in education.
34167

11:00-11:30 | Room 501 (5F)Music Pedagogy for the Twenty-First-Century Globalized Curriculum

Enrico Riconalla, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology, The Philippines
Adelfa Silor, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology, The Philippines
Teaching in the twenty-first century is an altogether different phenomenon. Teaching strategies would always vary based on the learning stylesof twenty-first-century learners and other factors affecting the learning environment. In order to produce twenty-first-century teachers, theteacher education curriculum and instruction must also focus on how to teach twenty-first-century learners. There are different characteristics
involved in being a twenty-first-century teacher. These include Learner-Centered Classroom and Personalized Instructions, Students as
Producers, Learn New Technologies, Go Global, Be Go Digital, Collaborate, Project-Based Learning, Innovate and Keep Learning”. Hence,teachers must use innovative pedagogy that fits the needs of twenty-first-century learners. Accordingly, this study aimed to analyze the useof music pedagogy for twenty-first-century learners. This study used theoretical research design through analyzing articles relating to music
pedagogy in education. Thematic analysis was used in determining the concepts that emerged from the literature review articles. Based on
the literature review analysis, the results of the study are as follows: popular music strategy through role production plays in contemporary
music making; pedagogical approach based on the creation of a scaffolded self-directed learning community; meta-pedagogy which embraces
informal learning and pedagogy in music; critical pedagogy encouraging students to develop their own forms of creative expression; Feminist
Music Therapy Pedagogy; music in a group synchronization; using some other brand of musical paraphernalia while studying. In conclusion,
innovative music pedagogy is very useful across the globalized curriculum for twenty-first-century learners who have different learning styles.
33820

11:30-12:00 | Room 501 (5F)

Integration of English Language and Music Literacy As Innovative Pedagogy for Twenty-First-Century Learning
Adelfa Silor, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology, The Philippines

Teachers are facilitators of learning. As a catalyst of learning, innovative pedagogy is needed to add flavor, light and life in the classroom.
As individuals develop, there are different opportunities and constraints for learning. Learning is most effective when differential
development within and across physical, intellectual, emotional, and social domains is taken into account. Hence, this study aims toanalyze how relevant is the integration of English language and music literacy as innovative pedagogy for the 21st century learning. This
21st century learning refers to the 21st century student outcomes and supporting system. The method used in this study is empiricaland theoretical exploring to the content analysis of the different literature review articles supported with interviews from the participants
who are pre-service education students of Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City Philippines during theacademic year 2015-2016. Based from the thematic and content analysis, findings reveal that English language and music literacy
as innovative pedagogy, enhances the promotion of 21st century skills, such as interactive communication skills, interpersonal skills,
technology literacy skills as well as language skills. In conclusion, it is important for teachers to use their knowledge on English language
because it opens the door for learners to acquire knowledge that others already have. Learners can use English language to know andunderstand the world and solve problems with music literacy as innovative pedagogy. Thus, English language and music literacy as
innovative pedagogy is very useful in the 21st century learning.

36 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFOR

Saturday Session I
10:00-11:30 | Room 503 (5F)

Linguistics, Language & Cultural Studies
Session Chair: Szu-Yu Ruby Chen36238

10:00-10:30 | Room 503 (5F)

Multiculturalism Policy, Identity and Integration: Confusion of Chinese Immigrants Living in CanadianFrancophone Region
Qinwen Fu, Wuhan University, China

Chinese immigration to Canada developed with many twists and turns: the difference of ideology, the difficulty of integration in Canadianmulticultural society and the struggle for minority rights have all shaped Chinese immigrants a relatively particular cultural identity. As a
special case, the Chinese immigrants living in the francophone region are facing more challenges because Canadian francophones havethemselves some particular ethnic characteristics distinguished from English compatriots and have experienced a national identity crisis,
especially after the failure of the Meech Lake Accord. The federal government’s paradox made things more complicated by practicing
a policy of multiculturalism on the basis of bilingualism and by refusing the juridical application of Part XII of the Official Languages
Act. According to the multiculturalism hypothesis, the more sense of security a minority group has regarding its own cultural identity,
the more positive attitudes will result, but does this work for the Chinese-origin citizen living in the Canadian francophone region? How
would and could the Chinese immigrants’ cultural identity be saved when Canadian francophones already feel threatened about theirown cultural identity? In this context, the presentation will review the evolution of Canada multicultural policies relevant to the Chineseand francophone minorities, and conclude the strong points and shortcomings that influence Chinese cross-cultural development andtheir societal integration in the Canadian francophone region; besides, a comparative analysis of Canadian English-speaking and Frenchspeaking society will also examine the convergence and divergences of Chinese immigrants to cultural pluralism integration, and the levelof their cultural identity.
35060

10:30-11:00 | Room 503 (5F)

Listening Difficulties of Low-Proficiency ESL Learners

Joyce Keithly Carbonell, Lal-Lo National High School, The Philippines
Boyet Batang, Isabela State University, The Philippines
This study compared the perceptions regarding listening difficulties of English teachers and Grade 9 students in the Philippine context.
The descriptive-comparative research design was applied wherein a 38-item survey form of listening difficulties was used as instrument
in gathering data. The gathered data were treated using mean, t-test, and ANOVA. Results of the study showed that low-proficient students
in listening were dominantly female, Ilocano, and with a grading average of developing (75–79). In terms of their perceptions whengrouped according to the six conceptual categories, teachers and students share the same opinion on listening difficulties except undertask variable. In the general-language text variable, students’ difficulties include long sentence structures, many idiomatic expressions
in the text, and many new words. The listening difficulty under the listening-specific text variable which students and teachers rated thehighest was in terms of the fast speed of the speaker, either on dictation type or recorded in an audio clip. In terms of processing, students
were perceived to lack listening strategies that caused their difficulties. In the listener variable, students find difficulty when they are notinterested in the topic presented. The most striking result, under task variable, revealed that students find difficulty in blank-filling tasks
while teachers viewed multiple-choice tasks as more difficult than the former. In terms of external environment variable, the insufficiencyof listening lessons were deemed to be the difficulty most encountered by students. Meanwhile, inferential results showed that there isno significant relationship in the students’ and teachers’ perceptions when grouped according to the six conceptual categories, except
for task variable. Under task variable, a highly significant relationship was found. Findings also revealed that when grouped according to
the profile of the students (sex, mother tongue and grading average) the perceptions of the students do not have significant differences.
The study concluded that most of the difficulties of the students fall under top-down processing. The study also pointed out that the
problem in terms of low listening proficiency of students does not lie in the teachers not knowing the difficulties of the students, nor in themismatch between the students’ needs and the target competency set by teachers.
37245

11:00-11:30 | Room 503 (5F)

A Study on Code-Switching in Multilingual Literacy Practices
Szu-Yu Ruby Chen, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan

In a multilingual society, the phenomenon of code-switching, also called code-mixing, code alternation, or code-shifting is prevalent.
Although a number of researchers have studied the phenomenon of code-switching in multilingual written texts, most of the existing
theories and models are based on code-switching in spoken discourse. While an increasing number of researchers started to examine
written code-switching, the emphasis is still on texts. Only a few studies have analysed multilingual texts through visual aspects.
Research that explores visual aspects of multilingual texts is rare. According to Sebba (2012), in order to understand various kinds ofmultilingual literacy practices insightfully with which they are associated, the analysis of multimodal texts is required since visual andspatial aspects are crucial to interpretation. Therefore, the aim of this proposed research is to examine multilingual written discourse,with a particular focus on written code-switching. In doing so, the analysis of visual and graphic elements with texts will be included.
The researcher will employ multilingual and multimodal analysis by adapting Sebba’s framework (2012) to multilingual literacy
practices including units of analysis, language-spatial relationship, language-content relationships and linguistic mixing types to
examine texts and visual contexts online. The findings of this proposed project contribute to the field of multilingual literacy practices
and bring new insights that influence this society.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 37

Saturday Session I
10:00-12:00 | Room 505 (5F)Media Studies
Session Chair: Seiko Yasumoto
35202

10:00-10:30 | Room 505 (5F)“Global Noir”: Reflections on East Asian Modernity through the Lens of Film NoirCaleb Kelso-Marsh, University of Western Australia, Australia

In recent decades, numerous urban crime films from Japan, Korea and Hong Kong have been produced using characteristics associated withfilm noir. Much of the scholarly discussion of this body of “East Asian noir” has tended to merely focus on the extent to which, through their use
of aesthetic, they mimic American formulations of the genre. However, a comparative analysis of noir films from each of these locations canprovide insight into how the genre has been adapted transnationally, being used as a medium to make sense of the shifting social and economic
realities brought about by conditions of modernity. The definition and delineation of film noir as a genre has generated widespread debate,largely because of the uncertainty surrounding what exactly constitutes film noir as a genre. Aside from generic categorisation, film noir has
also been read as a contextually informed mode of filmic production, with its various characteristics interpreted as a signifier of the “dislocatedsocial and cultural relations of modernity” (Fay and Nieland, xii), and multiple critics noting the relevance of film noir globally. When examined
as a transnational, hence “global”, genre, film noir provides a useful critical lens through which to analyse the shared everyday experiences ofindividuals within East Asian cities as depicted in film. Using selected films from each of the locations, this paper will consider how filmmakers
from Japan, Korea and Hong Kong have utilised film noir to make sense of conditions of modernity and late-modernity across the region.
35477

10:30-11:00 | Room 505 (5F)

The Return of the Dead in Jaejung Song’s Drama World
Hyewon Ryu, Ewha Womans University, South Korea

This paper investigates the resurrection of the dead in a series of TV dramas written by Jaejung Song as a metaphor of a sort. One of
the most celebrated TV drama writers in Korea, Song has been involved in more than ten shows, but her recent scripts are differentiatedin respects that they intensively focus on the cross-encounter of two worlds. Queen In-hyun's Man and Nine: Nine Time Travels, eachbroadcasted in 2012 and 2013, present male characters who travel to another world separated by the barrier of time. Her most recent
TV drama, W – Two Worlds, features a character who finds out his world is fictional, jumping out to the real one in order to confront his
creator. In this course of crossing boundaries, a medium, sometimes in the form of a talisman and at other times electronic devices, plays
a crucial role in bridging separate worlds and bringing back the dead according to the main characters’ wishes. This medium, however,is unreliable since Song’s characters neither fully understand its operational conditions nor make the best use of it. This paper argues
the uncontrollability of the medium and the likewise unpredictable return of the dead represent threatening hybridity and uncertainty
in the process of producing TV shows. After the rise of so-called Korean Wave, the production of TV shows has become a joint task
coordinated by several agencies, which renders writers’ creative intention more and more irrelevant. Song’s TV dramas self-consciously
reflect collapsing boundaries between different worlds as an inescapable condition in a trans-media wonderland.
35306

11:00-11:30 | Room 505 (5F)

Mr Robot: Wide-Eyed Fear (The ZX Spectrum Said)
John Lynch, Karlstad University, Sweden

The American television series Mr Robot gives form to many contemporary concerns about technology, addiction and the hallucinatory
nature of the self. Reflecting on Brian Massmui’s notion of fear and the mobilisation of TV as a technology of affective modulation, thispaper will explore something of the televisual and cinematic techniques at work in this challenging drama that presumes schizophrenia as
its basic state of subjectivity. As a successful, award-winning series, Mr Robot connects with a number of contemporary anxieties produced
by a profoundly destabilized global financial and personal economy that is subjected to invasive tracking and threatening data leaks which
effects a generalized state of paranoia and fear of societal breakdown. The aim of the paper is to connect the themes of this TV drama with
the increasing popularity of the serial format itself that can be understood as expressing something of the shift from anxiety (ontological)
to fear (ontic) as the general state of being in the world. The 1982 ZX Spectrum was an 8-bit personal home computer that was among thefirst mainstream home computers in the UK, similar in significance to the Commodore 64 in the USA (referenced in Mr Robot S02E11), which
provided the basis for programmers to generate the first PC viruses based on a polymorphic engine. The paper examines the ways in which
the series couples circuits of digital viral contagion with affective circuits of fear to generate its startling receptive audience response.
37343

11:30-12:00 | Room 505 (5F) | Spotlight Presentation

Cross-Cultural Engagement and Media Integration in Japan and East Asia
Seiko Yasumoto, The University of Sydney, Australia

In East Asia a progressive multilateral process of cultural re-engagement and media integration is occurring. Japan has achieved the right andacceptance to trade media content in East Asia and beyond, particularly in the domain of popular culture for anime, manga and television drama(TV drama). Japan’s media trade in Korea, and particularly in mainland China, has in the past been inhibited by respective government controls
and regulations. These controls have progressively been relaxed and benefits have multilaterally accrued to creators of content. An outstanding
example of this is South Korea’s Korean Wave, which is directly attributable to the progressive dismantling of media controls in South Korea
preventing Japanese content entering South Korea. This study examines the macro Japanese broadcasting content overseas exports from 2001
to 2014. Japanese content has been regionalised and disseminated beyond Japan, for example, with content adaptation, localised remaking andco-productions. This study further analyses the remaking of Japanese media products in South Korea and Taiwan, exploring three examples
including the ground-breaking Japanese and Korean co-production of the TV drama Friends by Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS) and Munhwa
Broadcasting Cooperation (MBC Korea), which was broadcast simultaneously in South Korea and Japan, the remake of the Japanese manga
Hana Yori Dango and remade into the TV drama format Meteor Garden in Taiwan with subsequent extensive regional adaptation, remaking andformat changes, and the remake of the manga Jin into the TV dramas Jin in Japan and Dr. Jin in Korea. The study confirms the value attributable
to the relaxation of controls inhibiting or preventing the flow of media content and in turn contributing to cultural re-engagement.

38 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFOR

Saturday Session I
10:00-11:30 | Room 506 (5F)
Chinese Studies
Session Chair: Virgil Kit-Yiu Ho36203

10:00-10:30 | Room 506 (5F)

Lotus out of Mud: Unveiling Humanitarianism in Macao during the World War II
Venus Viana, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

On Christmas Day 1941 Hong Kong fell to the Japanese while Macao managed to maintain precarious neutral and unoccupied status.
Even such small and fragile protection as this attracted a huge influx of Cantonese and Hong Kong refugees that doubled the population.
Historians had already provided ample stories of tragic narratives in Macao during the war: that Macao was isolated and suffered from foodshortage, and the death rate multiplied. This research revisits wartime Macao and adds new complexities to its often-melancholic narratives
by providing stories of vibrant economic, political and social activities. The story has rarely been told that the Macao government opened theborders to refugees, and had also anticipated their coming even before refugees made their escapes. Temporary accommodations were built
and extra food was stored. Local inhabitants, from rich philanthropists to waitresses and school students, were making constant donations.
Charity organizations’ efforts were also unquestionable. Although death from sickness and starvation was a daily phenomenon among
refugees, their situation could have been worse if Macao had locked its borders and closed its eyes to neighbors’ suffering. The elements thatmade refugee relief possible was not simply Macao’s neutral status as many believed. Rather it was the product of a slush fund of favorable
income from the sin city’s vices – namely the gambling, prostitution and opium industries, the unspoken benevolence of the government, andlocal inhabitants’ sense of individual vulnerability subtly transmuted to community compassion.
36204

10:30-11:00 | Room 506 (5F)

Hope Amid the Darkness: Chinese Communist Narratives in Yan’an, China During WWII
Bianca Yin-ki Cheung, Hong Kong Community College, Hong Kong

Against the backdrop of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1937–1945), the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) launched
the Mass Production Movement in the Border Areas for wartime survival and development. In Yan’an, its headquarters, was the centreof the movement. The CCP mobilized peasants, workers, soldiers and cadres to increase production under the slogan “Get Organized”,
giving the Border Area residents a gleam of hope for surviving the War and destitution. During the movement, labour heroes and heroines
emerged. Being model citizens of the Border Area and spokesmen of good governance of the CCP, they were supposed to be walking
examples for people to emulate, not just for their diligence and positive working attitude, but also for their loyalty, commitment and selfsacrificing spirit to the War and the Border government. What messages was the CCP trying to express through them? Two important
icons of the labour hero were created for the industrial and agricultural fields respectively: Zhao Zhankui the factory worker and Wu
Manyou the peasant. The CCP discourses of the War of Resistance, reversal of fortune and Women’s Liberation all set the background.
This paper examines the CCP narratives of resisting Japanese aggression together with the solution to change China from “politically
oppressed and economically exploited” into “politically free and economically prosperous”, and how people under its rule were mouldedfrom “ignorant and backward” into “enlightened” and “progressive”.
36397

11:00-11:30 | Room 506 (5F)Life in Wartime China: A Kaleidoscope of People’s Experiences in Canton and Guangdong from July 1937 to
October 1938
Virgil Kit-Yiu Ho, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong

It is in conflicts that human nature is put to real tests and displayed more clearly than in peacetime. Since the outbreak of militaryconfrontation in Marco Polo Bridge in early July 1937, people in Canton and Guangdong, like everyone in China, were, and still are, describedas highly charged with nationalistic sentiments and henceforth taking an active part in the government’s war efforts. There is no shortageof stories about the various heroic acts of soldiers and citizens. But how heroic and dedicated were “people” in this turbulent time? By
studying what concerned the people most in Canton (and other parts of Guangdong) in the first year of the war, it is very clear that “people”
reacted or respond to the war and the call of the government for wartime mobilization efforts very differently. This mosaic of people’s lives
in Canton and beyond, before the war even arrived there, raises some important points about historical research on this period: that it isdifficult to generalize historical reality; that the nationalistic sentiments of “the people” and “popular participation” in the war effort is atbest one main part of a much bigger picture of Cantonese society and its millions of people; that selfishness and preoccupation with self
preservation were apparently as common as selfless devotion to the defence of one’s city/country; that human nature and complexity ofa society and its people was best unveiled in a time of war and conflict.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 39

Saturday Session II
13:00-14:30 | Room 501 (5F)

Comparative Studies of Asian & East Asian Studies
Session Chair: Romit Dasgupta
37155

13:00-13:30 | Room 501 (5F)

How Leading Asian Universities Serve International Students Through Official English Websites: A Content Analysis
Chilin Wang, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan

English is no doubt the most widely used international language today. As many Asian universities strive to internationalize and to
attract high-quality international students, their official English websites are playing an increasingly important role in many aspects.
These include providing information to international students as well as offering a bridge and a window for international exchanges. The
existing research literature has discussed extensively in some areas of internationalization, yet very limited research has been done on
the official university English websites, particularly on those of Asian universities. The present study investigated the official homepageof five leading Asian universities sampled from the 2016–2017 Times Higher Education ranking list of world universities. The study is aqualitative content analysis that identified and discussed the major characteristics of how these universities serve their prospective andcurrent international students by offering information and offering the opportunities for communication through their official websites.
The study has implications for internationalization of Asian universities.
35578

13:30-14:00 | Room 501 (5F)

Climate Refugee and Disappearing States: In Need for a New Legal Regime
Jerry I-H. Hsiao, University of Macau, Macao

Climate change brings unprecedented challenges to both the international community and international law. For example, extreme
weather conditions might lead to the disappearance of states and force the migration of their population. These phenomena creates
two new challenges for current international legal frameworks. First, there is no provision regarding the disappearance of a state due toclimate change. Second, it is unclear as to whether people who are forced to migrate due to climate change could be classified as refugees
and to what extent they ought to be protected. People of these endangered states cannot be left to fend for themselves simply because
there is a legal vacuum. This paper proposes a new legal regime to address the challenges of displaced persons due to the adverse
impacts of climate change.
35577

14:00-14:30 | Room 501 (5F)Japan, Turkey and Re-Considering "Asia" As Physical and Conceptual Space
Romit Dasgupta, University of Western Australia, Australia

This paper reflects on the notion of “Asia” as a physical, temporal, conceptual and ideological space with reference to two countries locatedat opposite extremities of the continent, specifically Japan and Turkey. On the surface, the juxtaposing of Turkey and Japan may seem an
odd choice of topic, given the geographic distance between the two countries, as well as their (apparently) very different socio-economic
and cultural conditions. However, there are in fact areas of historical and socio-economic intersection and commonality between Japanand Turkey, including the ways in which the project of modernity unfolded in both countries, and how both have defined their modern
national identities in relation to the “West” and the “non-West” (specifically, “Asia”), both physically and ideologically. Accordingly, thispaper traces the intertwinings between the two countries from when both embarked on their respective projects of modernity in thesecond half of the nineteenth century (during the late Ottoman period in Turkey, and the Meiji period in Japan), through the pre- andpost-World War Two decades in the twentieth century, to the post-Cold War era. The paper draws attention to the ways in which the twocountries have imagined and referenced one another, especially with reference to notions of “Asia” and the “West” as conceptual andideological “spaces”. This will then let us reflect on and rethink not just imaginings of “Asia” but also on the disciplinary parameters of“Asian Studies”.

40 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFOR

Saturday Session II
13:00-14:30 | Room 503 (5F)
Cultural History
Session Chair: Na’Ama Sheffi
36167

13:00-13:30 | Room 503 (5F)

Family Matters: Insights into Late Twentieth Century Interdisciplinary Working Practices from Retired British
Healthcare Professionals, Past Ideas and Modern Perspectives
Angela Turner-Wilson, Bournemouth University, UK
Richard Fisher, Bournemouth University, UK
Sue Mellor, The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals, UK
Holly Crossen-White, Bournemouth University, UK
Ann Hemingway, Bournemouth University, UK

Interdisciplinary working is a common phenomenon in healthcare practice in many countries (e.g. Eaves, 2002). It is however suggested
that the British cultural history of this method of working in clinical environments is under-researched. This paper therefore discusses
a research pilot study that adopted an oral history approach to obtain insights into interdisciplinary working within healthcare during
the latter part of the twentieth century in Britain. The participants within this study were all retired British National Health Service (NHS)
professionals. To help trigger memories, participants were encouraged to handle old historical medical objects dated to the time period
under review. Two of the themes that emerged from the narrative data analysis, “the family” and “hierarchy”, are highlighted, and this paper
considers how these concepts acted as enablers, and sometimes barriers, within interdisciplinary working. The authors ask whether there
has been a change in the sense of “belongingness” that some of these ideas nurtured and if, in the modern world, some healthcare staff
no longer believe they are as supported, or as accepted by their interdisciplinary colleagues, leading to feelings of insecurity. The paper
concludes by asking if the ideology of a “healthcare family” could speak to present day British and international healthcare teams.
37235

13:30-14:00 | Room 503 (5F)

Effects of Cultural Tightness and Social Network Density on Emotional Expressions: A Large-Scale Study of
Impression Management by Facebook Users
Pan Liu, Singapore Management University, Singapore
David Chan, Singapore Management University, Singapore
Lin Qiu, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
William Tov, Singapore Management University, Singapore
Victor Joo Chuan Tong, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore

This study examined the effects of cultural tightness and social network density on impression management (IM) in terms of online
emotional expression. We coded emotional expressions from status updates of 13,789 Facebook users across US states, calculatedsocial network density for each user, and obtained cultural tightness scores for states from Harrington and Gelfand (2014). Results
showed that cultural tightness had a main effect on emotional expressions in that compared to those from culturally loose states,individuals from culturally tight states were more likely to express positive emotions and less likely to express negative emotions. In
addition, cultural tightness and social network density interacted to affect emotional expressions. Specifically, for positive emotional
expression, in culturally tight states, individuals with dense networks were more likely than those with sparse networks to express positive
emotions; whereas in culturally loose states, individuals with dense networks were less likely than those with sparse networks to express
positive emotions. However, for negative emotional expression, while individuals with dense networks are less likely than those withsparse networks to express negative emotions, there is no cultural tightness by social network density interaction effect on negative
emotional expressions. Our study findings suggest that the research on emotional expression as IM strategies needs to take into accountthe tightness of cultural norms, social network density, and the valence of the expressed emotion.
34790

14:00-14:30 | Room 503 (5F)

Flora and National Belonging: The Story of Israeli Banknotes
Na’ama Sheffi, Sapir College, Israel
Anat First, Netanya Academic College, Israel

In the dawn of the third millennium, public debate still rages in many countries over the question of who and what should appear on
their banknotes. Against the forces of globalization and a plethora of technological substitutes, banknotes persist as a central symbol ofnation-states. Banknotes serve as a distinct vehicle of nationalism in the modern age, a role traditionally played by coins since ancient
times. Using Israeli banknotes – which are means of banal nationalism and everyday nationalism – as a case study we wish to illuminate
the role of the hegemonic institution of national banknotes in creating a selective tradition that organizes symbols related to flora as
signifying a certain “territorial ideology”. The biblical expression “a land flowing with milk and honey” appears in many religious writingsand is usually used in connection with metaphors of the abandonment of biblical land. Many generations of Christians and Jews haveused these words in imagining the plentiful Holy Land. Yet in reality, pilgrims, tourists, and archaeologists alike have found the actual
land very far from the image of a country in constant bloom. The re-creation of a Land of Milk and Honey was expressed through the
new banknotes in at least two distinct elements: the general landscape (historical sites, new points of settlement), and the flora (trees,
flowers). We used qualitative methodology and analyzed relevant minutes of proceedings and correspondence of the Bank of Israel’s
Banknotes and Coinage Planning Committee in Jerusalem since its inception in 1955 and until 2007.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 41

Saturday Session II
13:00-14:30 | Room 505 (5F)
Gender Studies
Session Chair: Catherine Dale35537

13:00-13:30 | Room 505 (5F)Black Masculinity in Crisis: Gender Relations in Alice Childress’s Wine in the Wilderness
Yi-Chin Shih, Tamkang University, Taiwan

Alice Childress (1920–1994), the first African American woman to win an Obie Award, plays an important role in the history of American
theatre. Growing up in the period of the Civil Rights Movement in the twentieth century, Childress articulates African Americans’ rights
and statements in her plays. As many critics claim, Childress is good at representing African American women realistically, unlike thestereotypical images of submissive and passive black women. However, Childress’s idea of black gender relations does not simply cover
black women’s issues but also those of black men. This paper would like to deal with Childress’s Wine in the Wilderness (1969), and it
especially concentrates on the psychological transformation of the black male protagonist, Bill Jameson. His abhorrence of black women
is obvious as he decides to look for a down-and-out woman to model for his image of black women. His misogyny toward the womenof his own race, in fact, shows his sense of black masculinity in crisis. While the play concludes with a celebration of a new image of
black women, this paper argues that the play also successfully releases the anxiety of masculinity and emphasizes that black resistanceagainst racism is based on the establishment of masculinity and the harmony of gender relations in black communities.
35480

13:30-14:00 | Room 505 (5F) | Stuart D. B. Picken Grant & Scholarship Recipient

Misogyny in Hell-Joseon: An Intersectional Approach to the Misogyny of South Korean Society
Sojeong Park, Seoul National University, South Korea

This study aims to explain the recent misogynistic atmosphere of South Korean society through intersectionality theory. While
misogynistic hate speech and resulting feminist movement increase, the generalized binary framework, which regards men as offenders
and women as victims, maintains the fight between men and women. Black feminism, which emphasizes identity politics, provides analternative framework for analyzing the misogyny of Korean society. Therefore, this research focuses on the intersectional identities of
Korean men and women, thereby identifying the misogyny of Korea as a result of the gender sensitivity formed by dialectical interaction
between colonial history and contemporary social contexts. The so-called “Hell-Joseon” discourse, which compares Korea to hell,summarizes this dialectical interaction. Looking back on the genealogy of misogyny in Joseon/Korea in the twentieth century, thisstudy reveals that the Korean misogyny discourse has been formed by men who have attributed the cause of national crisis to women
who are thought to have polluted the essence of the nation. While Korean men have established themselves as the owners of the nation,
they have also formed a repressed identity through colonial experience. This intersectional identity constitutes a particular pathos
among men and results in double oppression of women. This profoundly rooted colonialism and the resulting distorted nationalism,
intertwined with widespread defeatism of young people, form the basis of today’s misogyny. Analyzing the dynamics of the misogyny
in a broader context, this study discusses the ways in which the Korean feminist movement and cultural studies can challenge thegender imaginary created by colonialism.
37308

14:00-14:30 | Room 505 (5F)

Hey Lady – Who Are Today's "Ladies"?
Catherine Dale, Chuo University, Japan

This paper examines the contemporary use of the term “lady” as a positive epithet in the performer Lady Gaga, but more recently onsocial media in phrases such as “hey lovely lady” and “rad lady” shared predominantly among and between women online, and also
by people in the arts, namely art galleries and design companies run by women such as “The Ladies Network” (as opposed to “gallery
girls”), who promote work by contemporary women artists they call “ladies we love”. I contrast this (re)adoption of “lady” with earlier
sexist and class-riven uses of the term in, for example, the lyrics of Tom Jones, whose “little lady” can take what he “dishes out” withoutcomplaining, and titles such as “cleaning lady”. This older version with its conservative expectations of femininity appears, for example,
in the UK reality television show From Ladette to Lady. Having presented a brief history of “lady” I then consider the apparent lack of(self)reflection of its present iteration and reclamation. I ask, has “lady” become a substitute for feminism in the sense that there is notmuch distance between the mimicked – the reclamation of “lady” by an ironic mimicking of its past class and social frameworks, andthe mimed – the aesthetic pleasure that accompanies the term? And, what about the term’s chauvinist past? Can a new “lady” emerge?
And if so, what is she/they like?

42 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFOR

Saturday Session II
13:00-14:00 | Room 506 (5F)Japanese Art & Literature
Session Chair: Stephen Filler
37322

13:00-13:30 | Room 506 (5F)

Distance, Belonging and Violence: Japan and Asia as Represented in the Early Works of Murakami Ryu
Sera Palmer, University of Tokyo, Japan

While in the majority of western discourse Japan is considered a part of Asia, its complex identity within the region is the focus of debate,
as postwar Japan has aligned itself with the United States and western powers. This complex and contradictory relationship of distanceand belonging is mirrored in contemporary Japanese literature, particularly in the early works of Murakami Ryu. This paper explores therelationship between international violence and regional identity in Murakami Ryu’s second novel, War Begins Beyond the Sea (Kodansha,
1976). This novel, while it explores a variety of complex themes, has been widely ignored by most scholars and critics. It focuses on a
man and a woman of unspecific origins, who are vacationing at a tropical resort where they watch as a city across the ocean graduallydescends into war and chaos. This paper explores how the main characters’ undefined national identity and blurry ethnicity mirrors theambiguity and ambivalence of a national Japanese identity during the 1970s. It then goes on to explain how Murakami uses the actionof “seeing” to distance the protagonists from the violence occurring across the sea, and argues that this structure reflects an emotional
and intellectual distance between Japan and its South-Asian neighbors that ultimately enabled Japan’s silent acceptance of the Khmer
Rouge genocide. In this way, this paper tackles the problem of Japan’s disunion from the rest of Asia, while also illustrating how Japanese
authors use literature to critique this indifference and draw attention to issues of global importance.
35563

13:30-14:00 | Room 506 (5F)

Theory of Mind in the Fiction of Machida Kō
Stephen Filler, Oakland University, USA

Machida Kō (b. 1972) is a popular author of fiction typified by its combination of exuberant language incorporating dialect, punningand wordplay with serious psychological and social commentary and speculation. Although the forms of language and subject matter
used by Machida in his fiction are highly diverse, his fiction displays an unmistakable individual style. This paper will use the notionof Theory of Mind (the ability to imagine what a person is thinking) to examine Machida’s construction of “outsiders” without clearlydefined personalities, who move through life in an antagonistic relationship with society. As Linda Zunshine has argued, “fictional
narratives endlessly experiment with rather than automatically execute our evolved cognitive adaptations…The exact forms of suchprobing and poking will depend on specific cultural circumstances, including the mind-reading profiles of individual writers and theirreaders.” Machida’s narratives depict "internal" thoughts as having a flat, un-centered, illogical quality. His protagonists are motivatedby contradictory and arbitrary impulses, and struggle to understand the motivations of those around them. His narratives paradoxicallysuggest the futility of mind reading while building up persuasive accounts of the workings of his characters’ minds. This paper considers
in particular his novels Shreds (Kiregire, 2000); Confession (Kokuhaku, 2005); and Punk Samurai Slash Down (2004; translated 2014), allof which combine fragmented narrative techniques with stereotypical generic features of mystery novels and historical fiction. Machidasimultaneously comments on the alienated conditions of contemporary Japanese society while parodying contemporary fiction and its
unspoken presuppositions.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 43

Saturday Session III
14:45-16:45 | Room 501 (5F)
East Asian Literature
Session Chair: Yukari Shirota
35483

14:45-15:15 | Room 501 (5F)Transcending the Catastrophes and Horrors of History: Atomic Bomb Threat and Activism in Tanaka
Chikao’s The Head of Mary
Jungman Park, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, South Korea

The moments of the 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombing, along with the Holocaust, is imprinted in our memory to be themost terrible disaster mankind has suffered. The moment was promising to end the most destructive war in human history. It also,paradoxically enough, resulted in another disastrous massacre or what anthropologist Mircea Eliade calls “the catastrophes and horrorsof history” that “no longer allow any escape”. Thereafter, the matter of overcoming disaster has been emerging as a new challenge formodern humanity. Japanese playwright Tanaka Chikao (1905–1995), for instance, consciously digs in human reaction and attitude in theface of A-bomb disaster, and at the same time suggests “religion” as an alternative way of overcoming. He brings back to the mundane theGod’s word and the subsequent possibility of salvation which has been attacked as unscientific and anachronistic, and finally sentenced
to death by the western intellectuals with the dawn of the modern era. Especially, The Head of Mary (Mario no Kubi, 1959) presents these
aspects well. Set in the post-war Japan situation, the play deals with the issue of overcoming, or mastery of the A-bomb disaster, in thecontext of Catholicism. The protagonists in the play portray the human beings helpless before the disaster of the atomic bomb. However,
it is worth noting that they do not passively continue their ephemeral existence, assuming a wait-and-see attitude. Rather they willingly
struggle to do “something” to overcome the given condition. The play gives a clear message of overcoming and activism.
37293

15:15-15:45 | Room 501 (5F)On Class Discrimination in Folding Beijing

Wanzhen Fang, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-Sen University, China
Yuan Ou, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-Sen University, ChinaClass discrimination has long been a topic of discussion in human civilization but also in literary works, especially in some science fiction.
An example of this is Folding Beijing, written by Chinese science fiction author Jingfang Hao. The novel was awarded the 74th Hugo Award
for Best Short Stories in 2016 because of its profound critique of class differentiation and scientific elements of Chinese characteristics. The
thesis focuses on the hierarchical differences, the distinctions of time and space, and power discipline mechanisms in Folding Beijing fromthe perspective of Foucault’s power discipline theory and Bourdieu’s social stratum theory. And then, in the context of the novel, the thesis
studies the influence of class differentiation and class construction on individual and social life, revealing anti-utopianism and utopianism.
37295

15:45-16:15 | Room 501 (5F)A New Vision of Belonging and Sharing in Contemporary Global Society: Reading Miyazaki Hayao’s andGrant Morrison’s Visual Narratives
Koonyong Kim, University of San Diego, USA

This presentation examines Miyazaki Hayao’s anime Spirited Away and Grant Morrison’s graphic fiction WE3 with emphasis on their
trenchant critique of anthropocentric relationships between humans and non-humans. Deeply embedded in Shinto and its belief in coexistence and interdependence, Miyazaki’s coming-of-age narrative calls into question human civilization and its exploitation of the“Others”, whether they be animals, spirits, objects or other creatures. Through main character Chihiro’s spiritual journey in the world of
spirits, Spirited Away uses water primarily as a symbol of purification and presents an alternative vision of the universe in which people
learn to coexist with other life forms and creatures in a non-hierarchical way. Similarly, Morrison’s graphic fiction features three animalcyborgs with a view to deconstructing the human-centered ideologies of belonging and sharing. By exposing the inexcusable violence
that human beings have done to animals and machines for their own survival, Morrison reconfigures our relationships with other formsof existence and life in an egalitarian manner. Such an anti-anthropocentric critique leads him to envision a harmonious relationshipbetween people and nature. While closely dissecting these two influential visual texts, this presentation seeks to engage in a dialogue
with this year’s conference theme, “Global Realities: Precarious Survival and Belonging”, from the perspectives of popular culture, cultural
theory, posthumanism and animal studies. In doing so, my discussion critically reflects on the precarious nature of both human and nonhuman life as a way to theorize and call for a new vision of belonging and sharing in contemporary society.
35498

16:15-16:45 | Room 501 (5F)A Book Review Analysis on Haruki Murakami in Four Countries
Yukari Shirota, Gakushuin University, Japan
Takako Hashimoto, Chiba University of Commerce, Japan
Yuriko Yano, Gakushuin University, Japan

Haruki Murakami’s novels are popular around the world. We analyse how his novels are read in foreign countries and identify the culturaldifferences, using the Amazon book reviews on his novels in Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. We set the target
novels Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage and Norwegian Wood because the types and themes of the two novels aredifferent. The reasons why we selected Haruki Murakami are firstly that the number of reviews is so large even in the United States, theUnited Kingdom and Canada, and secondly that he has a good command of English, so the translation has done quite well owing to his senseof English. We think that the good translation keeps the essence of the novels as the original Japanese ones. The core technology of thisanalysis is text mining. A morphological analysis tool for Japanese named “MeCab” and one for English named “TreeTagger” are used. In
addition, by using “word2vec”, vector representations of review words have been conducted in the text mining. The word2vec offers the highmeasurement quality of representations in a word similarity task. We would like to analyse the change of the word representations in thevector space among the four countries’ reviews. There are many reviewers for the text data sets. We would like to analyse whether the review
tendency is different up to the country or not, and the individual authors’ opinions could be divided into the same kind of topic classes or not.

44 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFOR

Saturday Session III
14:45-16:45 | Room 503 (5F)
Chinese Studies
Session Chair: Zhuoyi Wang35456

14:45-15:15 | Room 503 (5F)

Patriotic Rhetoric in Chinese Public Space

Pawel Zygadlo, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China
As a primary means of communication, language – spoken or written – is an indispensable tool for philosophers, religious preachers andpolitical propagandists. What message reaches their audience to a great extent dependents on the skills of the speakers/writers and therhetorical techniques applied by them. In consequence, what is known about the message is often more a result of the rhetoric skills andtechniques applied in the process of communicating the desired values to the audience than the actual content of the value. Starting fromthe early 1990s, China has been facing a dramatic socio-economic transformation. Using rhetoric force has always played a major rolein legitimising political and ideological leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. Since the form of the communication has never beenless important than the content of the message and the content, as the content has been adjusted, the new forms have been employed.
In the proposed paper the author would like to focus then on the form, and the content of the messages send by the ruling class to thesociety. The results of the field work in several, geographically distant locations in China will be presented. The particular attention will be
paid to all sorts of slogans visible in the public space, and the message that they convey. The content will be analysed with a special focus
on the notions of “Harmonious Society”, “China Dream” and “Patriotism” as the exemplification of the current regime’s ideological stanza.
36307

15:15-15:45 | Room 503 (5F)The Blood of the Poets: Imagining Social Realities Through Revolutionary Language in Republican-Era China
Aleksander Sedzielarz, University of Minnesota, USA

Gloria Anzaldúa poetically described the borderland as “una herida abierta where the Third World grates against the first and bleeds.
And before a scab forms it hemorrhages again, the lifeblood of two worlds merging to form a third country — a border culture.” Gloria
Anzaldúa’s inimitable use of language here not only accomplishes the theoretical task of illustrating extremely difficult concepts in thesimplest possible ways, but the power of her prose also provokes active reflection as it resonates across wide swathes of the reading
public. My study looks back to writers who share an affinity with Anzaldúa but at an earlier moment and in a different geographic context.
In this analysis, I focus on the writings of Mao Dun, Ding Ling and Bingxin as they first explored the relevance of Marxist and socialist
concepts for the interpreting the everyday in Republican-era China. At this time, strains of a new revolutionary poetics emerged, withtexts that conveyed the effects of imperialism and capitalist exploitation through the use of extended metaphor and imagery of thegrotesque, as well as abstraction in language in general. These writers sought to subvert the instrumentalization of language brought by
the spread of economic terms into the vernacular and, in doing so, established a counterdiscourse of social revolution imagined throughlife processes and the human body.
35562

15:45-16:15 | Room 503 (5F) | IAFOR Scholarship Recipient

Transborder Mobility and (Re)construction of Boundaries in the Sino-North Korea Borderland
Sunkyung Choi, University of North Korean Studies, South Korea & University of California, Berkeley, USA

Most of the existing research on the migration in the Sino-North Korea borderland ignores the pre-existing fluidity of legal and illegal
mobility between the northern part of North Korea and the northern provinces of China. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, theland around the border between North Korea and China was an ethnic Korean space that has long-established cultural and linguistic
communities. These communities including members of the same families who were then separated into individual countries in theaftermath of the colonial period and the Korean War. While constructing the borderlines under the nation-state system, both states tried
to redefine the territoriality of the region and the identities of the peoples, which remained ambiguous. Even the boundaries were fixed by
the two nations; however the border crossing was still an everyday reality for the people in the border region until the 1960s. The networks
based on kinship began to be revitalized from the 1990s after being severed for many decades. In this sense, this paper focuses on thetransnational practices that blur the boundaries and the processes of reconstruction of kinship tied into the related interaction of sociopolitical contexts, drawing on in-depth interviews to reveal the trajectories of family separation and reassertion of family ties. I hope toargue that the borderland is not fixed by territorial thinking, but rather is continually reconstructed through the constant mobility formedby every individual practice.
36409

16:15-16:45 | Room 503 (5F)Transforming the Heroic Body: Post-revolutionary Cultural Hybridities in The Taking of Tiger Mountain (2014)
Zhuoyi Wang, Hamilton College, USA

Contrary to conventional assumption, the so-called model plays (yangbanxi) and other cultural products of the Cultural Revolution
period are not aberrational or univocal. Instead, they manifest a high degree of cultural hybridity accumulated in China’s long history ofmodernization and revolution. While high Maoism temporarily concealed the internal heterogeneity of these model plays with a façade ofideological homogeneity, rapid post-revolutionary changes have dissolved them into aesthetic and narrative fragments. Polyphonic andopen to diverse uses, these fragments constantly reappear in post-revolutionary cultural hybridity as distorted, trivialized, idealized or
mythologized pieces of collective memory. This paper discusses Tsui Hark’s The Taking of Tiger Mountain (2014), a remake of the 1970
film version of the well-known model play Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy. It closely analyzes how this remake reconstructs the heroic
body of its protagonist Yang Zirong from the fragmentary collective memory of the revolutionary culture, and at the same time transforms
the body from a future-oriented ideal of revolutionary Chineseness into a nostalgic fantasy that feeds the ambiguous imagination ofChinese identity in global capitalism. Through this analysis, this paper illustrates the complex cultural hybridization, homogenization,
fragmentation and re-hybridization process that connects the post-revolutionary era to the revolutionary era.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 45

Saturday Session III
14:45-16:45 | Room 505 (5F)

Cultural Studies
Session Chair: Susan Refalda-Mercaida
35585

14:45-15:15 | Room 505 (5F)

Comparison Between Japanese Tipping Customs, Kokorodzuke, and Western Tipping Customs: Japanese
Cultural Uniqueness Making Foreign Tourists Confused

Yuriko Yano, Gakushuin University, Japan
Yukari Shirota, Gakushuin University, Japan

Our research topic is a discovery of Japanese culture’s uniqueness making foreign travelers get confused from the differences in tipping customs
between Japan and western countries. Most people think that there is no tipping custom in Japan, and this is correct in most situations.
Therefore, many foreign tourists can enjoy Japan without worrying about tipping. However, there have been some specific situations that require
people to tip. Staying in luxury ryokans, Japanese traditional-style hotels that attract foreign tourists to Japan, is one of the most significant
situations in which people customarily tip. This is the Japanese untold tipping custom, kokorodzuke. Surprisingly, there is no efficient definitionof kokorodzuke; therefore, we conducted text mining of Q&As related to kokorodzuke on Yahoo Chiebukuro (“Yahoo Answers”). As a result, many
Japanese people get confused by this custom when they stay in ryokans. From this result, we make two important hypotheses. The first one
is that foreign tourists must get confused about kokorodzuke as well as the Japanese, and they might have some bad experiences because of
the ignorance of this custom during their staying. The second one is that the root cause of the reason why foreign tourists feel uncomfortable inJapan comes from Japanese traditional untold cultures. To stimulate the Japanese economy, Japanese people engaging in doing business withforeign tourists should understand that Japanese culture’s uniqueness sometimes makes a big barrier between the Japanese and foreigners,
preventing mutual understanding. The theme will be discussed from the viewpoint of marketing.
35501

15:15-15:45 | Room 505 (5F)

Cultural Sustainability in Southwest China with Tourism and Community Education: The Case of Xijiang Miao Village
Junge Du, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Bo Wah Leung, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Samuel Leong, The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, Hong Kong

As a multi-ethnic state, China is comprised of 56 nationalities and most of them are populated in the southwest of China with distinct
culture. In 2000, in recognition of the increasing economic gap between east and west, the Chinese government introduced the influential“Western Development” policy, emphasizing the potential to develop tourism to fuel economic development in western China, andobviously, a range of ethnic cultural heritage products have become the main attractions of the tourist destinations in the southwest. It isclear that the consequent rapid growth in income generated by the development of local tourism enables the provision of better physicalresources, ensuring that tourism becomes an effective means of cultural transmission while also protecting diverse cultural treasures andproviding rich educational resources. However, there is some controversy regarding the advantages and disadvantages tourism brings for
local cultures, especially within the context of globalization. In Xijiang’s case, as despite the rapid development of regional tourism, thepreservation of cultural heritage has been neglected. This paper focuses on balancing economic benefits with the need to maintain thelegacy of the ethnic cultural heritage, and exploring to what extent has the goal of cultural sustainability affected community educationin Xijiang. Considered from the perspectives of convenience and feasibility, a mixed-methods research, combining both qualitative andquantitative methods of enquiry will be adopted to answer the research questions and achieve the research objectives.
37310

15:45-16:15 | Room 505 (5F)

Global Identity and Culture Transmission

Miu Yin Ha, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
In the 1980s, the Hong Kong entertainment and cultural scene were more liberal compared to present times, as they were able to absorb
foreign culture despite the gap between eastern and western countries. Hong Kong established a local culture by using a foreign culture
as reference, which was called a culture moment. Hong Kong tried to retain the Chinese culture, and also learnt from Europe and Japan at
the same time, which helped create Hong Kong’s unique style. There were intermediaries who acted as important agents and experienced
the collaboration of cross-nation culture and they became popular and well known to the community. To investigate such roles ofintermediaries, qualitative research was conducted on relevant editors in music magazines, producers of famous records in the 1980s
with in-depth face-to-face interviews. This essay strives to identify and map adapted songs and their ubiquitous influence among theCantopop industry in the context of globalization.
37305

16:15-16:45 | Room 505 (5F)

The Trope of Ibayong Dagat in the Narratives of Filipino DiasporicSusan Refalda-Mercaida, University of Santo Tomas, The Philippines

The study involves the reading and interpretation of narratives of Filipino diasporic who may be Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) or contract
workers, returnee OFWs, migrant Filipino workers who converted to permanent residency and/or on to citizenship of the receiving countries.
The narratives come mostly from the Philippine radio program "Serbisyong OFW" which is aired every Monday and Friday on the Philippine
radio station 702 DZAS. The rest of the narratives come from off-radio stories shared with this researcher. The study is part of a growing
discourse on OFWs who now come close to 11 million strong workforce found in countries in the Middle East, in Southeast and Far-east
Asia, in Europe, in the United States, in New Zealand and in Australia. The study focuses on the chronotopic function in aforesaid narrativesof ibayong dagat or the land beyond the seas, that is, the receiving countries of Filipino workers. Specifically, the study evokes the image ofibayong dagat, at once real and imaginary space whose temporal reality has grown dense with stories that have accumulated through time,thus inviting some organizing principle or, at least, a collective nomenclature. It focuses on the recurrent themes unique to the narrators’
space-time realities – themes of fragmentation, struggle, adaptation and accomplishment, including negotiated tension and sadness that
resonate in the narrative lacuna. Informed of culture-specific nuances, the study has polysemic potentials for further research.

46 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFOR

Saturday Session III
14:45-16:45 | Room 506 (5F)
Cultural Studies
Session Chair: Edward Irons
37140

14:45-15:15 | Room 506 (5F)

Protesting Korean Protestantism: When Religious Critical Insiders Meet New Media
Seung Min Hong, University of Iowa, South Korea

While media and religion is a small yet growing interdisciplinary field of study, two areas invite more scholarly attention in contemporary
contexts: 1) East Asia in general, with South Korean Protestantism being a particular case for its various peculiarities; 2) religious
movements of those whom I call critical insiders – those who are loyal to particular religious traditions yet are highly critical of, andresistant to, popular/dominant ways in which those traditions are taught, believed and practiced. By analyzing several Protestant criticalinsider media movements in South Korea as well as my interviews with some of their leading individuals, I draw some implications of theiruse/reliance on media, both old and new. For these social actors, new media are hardly alternatives to old media, broadcast television inparticular. Instead, the possibilities and limitations of both old and new media challenge them to adapt to, and compromise because of,different circumstances. While the observation that new media may not be all that revolutionary is not new, empirical scholarship – as
opposed to historical and theoretical treatments – that focuses specifically on religion and media does not seem to have highlighted
this challenging aspect. I argue that, by focusing on media use of religious critical insiders, as opposed to larger religious traditions andinstitutions, empirical scholarship on religious media users can also bring to light such challenging aspects.
35470

15:15-15:45 | Room 506 (5F)

The Hall of Mirrors: Reflections on Cultural Belonging
Alexandre Avdulov, Saint Mary’s University, Canada

Culture is not only a defining element of a society but also a natural attribute of a human being. While it manifests itself in a kaleidoscopic
array of various elements, what makes it universal and therefore accessible is that common humanity, which bonds the seemingly
unconnected elements. I argue that cultural belonging is navigated by individually recognized common humanity. Living in a space ofmultiple borderlands allows one to sculpt their own cultural belonging and identity. Not simple co-existence, but also, co-presence andactually, co-experience play an important role. While one can never become a “native speaker”, one certainly can be a “carrier of culture”
able to offer the distilled cultural information needed to succeed in the global environment. This information is often in its purest form,
stripped from various cultural and social restrictions imposed by the birthplace. Therefore the learned or acquired- language teacher
becomes not only a carrier of that one particular culture but also a carrier of multi-cultures. This intercultural rather than multicultural
belonging, which is already a reality of our times, can also be a powerful transformative agency for the twenty-first century. This paper
will examine methods of engaging the “Other” in the multidisciplinary contemplative traditions, where the environment of hospitality andrespect for others is created, whether it is people, objects or nature itself. I will also explore the possibilities of extending and applying theprinciples, styles, and methods of the contemplative practices beyond their traditional boundaries.
37200

15:45-16:15 | Room 506 (5F)

Border and Border-Crossing: Rethinking National and Transnational Sensibilities in the Era of Post-Globalization
Weimin Delcroix-Tang, University of Sanya, China

In what may be called a post-globalization world, where for many globalization amidst financial crises, terrorist attacks and refugee
issues seems to have flagged, the age-old discourse of Orientalism and Occidentalism revives to serve the purposes of demarcatingboundaries and walling up national borders. However, in an era of shared cyberspace and economic glocalization, some borders shut
down while others open up, and the precarity of radical nationalism is coupled with cross-border spirit of humanism. This paper, by
evoking a new immigrant’s external and internal journey of border-crossing, diasporization and double or multiple positioning as portrayedin the literary works by contemporary Chinese-British writer Xiaolu Guo, intends to disrupt the Orientalist and Occidentalist cultural
imaginings. On the other hand, the paper revisits Anzaldua’s idea of the borderland and seeks, with the illumination of Venn Diagram, toremap a cultural borderland or contact zone in the post-globalization world where borders of nation, culture and human belongings arebeing both demarcated and transgressed, where difference and convergence, antagonism and interdependence, human predicament andhopefulness coexist.
37301

16:15-16:45 | Room 506 (5F)

Beyond Localism: Competing Globalisms in Hong Kong’s Social Movement Landscape
Edward Irons, The Hong Kong Institute for Culture, Commerce and Religion, Hong Kong

Each year brings something new to Hong Kong’s social movement sphere. We had Occupy Central in 2014, the rise of Localist politicalparties in 2015, and the Fishball Riots of 2016. In September of last year Localist groups took 20% of the popular vote in the Legcoelections. It seems we have entered an age of mounting incredulity, in Hong Kong no less than in the rest of the world. By the same token it
is easy to fall into the trap of seeing Hong Kong’s opposition movements as local versions of a worldwide anti-globalization movement. In
fact all Hong Kong groups are globalists, and Hong Kong is characterized by ideological competition between different globalisms. Callingon recent work by such writers on globalization as David Murillo and David Held, I argue it is time for a nuanced typology of globalization,with Hong Kong as a test case.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 47

Saturday Session IV
17:00-18:00 | Room 501 (5F)South-East Asian Studies
Session Chair: Megawati Rosalio Putri
35550

17:00-17:30 | Room 501 (5F)

Maritime Diplomacy: The Significance of ASEAN’s Single Political Action Towards the South China Sea Dispute
Settlement Through A Maritime Security Approach
Christine Anggi Sidjabat, Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia
Megawati Rosalio Putri, Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia

The South China Sea conflict has become a significant discourse among international community; not just because China’s claim has
breached the sovereignty of several states and shifting the world’s balance of power, but also because it challenges the stability on oneof the world’s most important sea-routes. South East Asia is the region with the most concerns with six members are the claimant statesagainst the “nine dash line” claimed by China. The Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) as the sole regional organization inSouth East Asia whose mandate is to maintain the stability of the region has the responsibility to take action towards the conflict itself.
But having ASEAN involvement as a single political actor is not that simple. China loudly speaks up her rejection of ASEAN’s hand to settle
the dispute. It comes harder when not all of the ASEAN member states stand on the same perspective regarding to this never ending
dispute. This paper will deliver the arguments on how significant the role of non-claimant states as the neutral parties in contributing
to the conflict resolutions as well as promoting the idea of ASEAN taking single political action in dealing with the conflict and how isactually it is giving impact toward the Unity of ASEAN itself. Within analyzing the implications of the conflict toward the Unity of ASEAN,
this paper also elaborate the use of maritime diplomacy as a significant tool for the settlement of dispute and how to apply the concept
through maritime security approach.
35567

17:30-18:00 | Room 501 (5F)

Strategic Outlook for the Indian Ocean in 2030: The Role of IORA in Ocean Governance and in Maintaining
Regional Maritime Security
Megawati Rosalio Putri, Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia
Christine Anggi Sidjabat, Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia

By 2030 the Indian Ocean will become the busiest and most important global sea lane of communications that connects the world.
Seeing the strategic location of this ocean, many actors force their interests to the region which might lead to a clash of interests andincrease the number of non-traditional maritime threats in the Indian Ocean. A various background of countries located on different
continents that have the Indian Ocean as their backyard also influence the dynamic of the region. The need for ocean governance which
is able to maintain regional maritime security is absolute. Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) as the most comprehensive regionalorganization which aims to address the non-traditional maritime threats and to obtain cooperation among the littoral states of Indian
Ocean becomes the most potential organization in contributing to the stability of Indian Ocean. Especially with the establishment of
IORA Concord that will strengthen the organization by setting clear direction for the future of IORA. The main aim of this paper will
recommend the use of maritime diplomacy on countering maritime threats, and how it may apply to IORA to establish an intraregionalmechanism under the IORA’s government. In order to reach that discussion, this paper will evaluate what IORA had achieved inmaintaining maritime security in the Indian Ocean as well as projecting what IORA might contribute in the following years. The strategic
policies recommendation on countering non-traditional maritime threats by IORA will be analyzed as well as the Indian Ocean littoral
states’ collaboration on socio-economics sectors.

48 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFOR

Saturday Session IV
17:00-18:30 | Room 503 (5F)

Linguistics, Language & Cultural Studies
Session Chair: Kristian Van Haesendonck
37282

17:00-17:30 | Room 503 (5F)

Anthropomorphic Imagery and Characterization in Haruki Murakami's Novel Kafka on the Shore
Anwesha Ray, Manipal University, India

The research paper traces the effect of employing anthropomorphic elements in Haruki Murakami’s novel Kafka on the Shore. The
delicate art of characterization when combined with anthropomorphism highlights the very nature and function of Murakami’s animals.
The article traces the function and effect of imagery, as a literary technique, in highlighting the characteristics of the various animal
characters, encountered by the human characters, on their quest for the unknown. Imbued with recurring themes of “search for identity”
and “postmodern strains”, the novel stands as a testament to the social conventions that plagued the masses of Japan. The qualitative
analysis puts forth the irony of ascribing identity to stray animals by the ones who themselves lack an identity and sense of self. The novel
has been subjected to qualitative analysis from two perspectives, character portrayal and imagery, in terms of the animal characters of thenovel. The specific tools adopted for scrutiny are a mix of rhetorical and narrative tools: Character Attributes, Types of Imagery (thermal,
olfactory, tactile, auditory, gustatory, kinesthetic, visual), Point-of-View, Simile, Metaphor, Allusion, Hyperbole, Onomatopoeia.
37315

17:30-18:00 | Room 503 (5F)

Crossing Postcolonial Twilight Zones: Junot Daz and Mia Couto As Wor(L)Dmakers
Kristian Van Haesendonck, University of Antwerp, Belgium

How do postcolonial writers from the Hispanic Caribbean and Lusophone Africa respond to the challenge of precarious survival andbelonging? And how to compare literatures from such geographically and culturally divergent contexts? In the current debate on World
literature, postcolonial authors, especially those from non-Anglophone areas, are usually excluded; however, they are arguably at theforefront of an alternative form of cosmopolitanism, based on vernacular and creole expressions. My paper explores the notion of acreole cosmopolitanism in the work of two postcolonial authors, Mia Couto from Mozambique and Junot Diaz, a Dominican diaspora
writer in the United States. Through linguistic inventiveness, these authors challenge established notions of genre, as well as ofnational and regional belonging (Dominican, African, Caribbean, Latin American). Moreover, I will argue that an “archipelagic” approachto divergent geographical cultural contexts requires a new set of tools and methodologies focused on the complex entanglements of
the local and the global.
36348

18:00-18:30 | Room 503 (5F)

Shifting Identities: The Effects of Globalization and Evangelization on a Maya Community in Guatemala
Kerry Hull, Brigham Young University, USA

For the Ch’orti’ Maya of Guatemala notions of identity are often clothed in external robes, outside influences that have altered traditional
Ch’orti’ concepts of “community”. In this paper I explore the impact of half a millennium of evangelization and globalization on Ch’orti’
identity in relation to ritual practice. I argue that a significant portion of traditional mythology, cultural practice, and religious observances
have been permanently reshaped to mirror Christian and Western ideology through three specific tracks: 1) abandonment of previously
held traditions, 2) syncretistic adoption of parts of dominant, outside ideologies and practice, and 3) reconstructed idealized notionsof past practice that may or may not reflect reality in an effort to redefine their own identity and “indigenousness”. Based on years offieldwork with the Ch’orti’ I discuss current grassroots efforts among the Ch’orti’ to take control of their own future by realigning theircultural identity in the image of ancestral practice and lost traditions, in spite of the complexity and inherent inaccuracies in such a
process. What is emerging, as I argue, is a localized sub-tradition of redefined identity that is restricted, at present, to certain language
and cultural revitalization groups that is not reflective of the majority of Ch’orti’ conception of self and community.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 49

A C E

17

The Asian Conference on Education
OCTOBER 19–22, 2017 | KOBE, JAPAN

Conference Theme: Educating for Change
Final Abstract Submission Deadline: August 7, 2017
Final Registration Deadline: September 7, 2017

Why Attend ACE2017?
Since 2009, The Asian Conference on Education has attracted

2400+

from

delegates

60+
countries

Join IAFOR at ACE2017 to:– Present to a global audience– Have your work published in the Conference Proceedings and considered
for peer-reviewed, Open Access journals– Benefit from IAFOR's interdisciplinary focus by hearing about the latest
research in education– Participate in a truly international, interdisciplinary and intercultural event– Take part in interactive audience sessions– Network with international colleagues

Find out more: ace.iafor.org
IAFORJAPAN@IAFOR

Sunday
June 4#IAFOR| ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017| IAFOR.ORG| 51| 51
#IAFOR| ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017| IAFOR.ORG

Sunday Session I

09:00-10:00 | Room 501 (5F)Japanese Studies
Session Chair: Felice Farina
37216

09:00-09:30 | Room 501 (5F)The 1970s Global Food Crisis and Japan’s Food Security Strategy
Felice Farina, Kyoto University, Japan

During the Allied Occupation, Japan imported a notable amount of agricultural products from the United States through the food aid
program, and even once it regained its independence, it continued to be a major market for the United States. However, the global foodcrisis in the early 1970s highlighted the fragility of Japan’s food supply system and the risks linked to the high dependence on a single
supplier. This led Japanese authorities to redefine the concept of national "food security" and promote a supply diversification strategy,
through investments and aid programs in the "new agricultural countries". This article examines the impact of the 1970s global food crisis
on Japan's national security discourse and on Japan's international relations. Drawing upon "securitization theory" and "food regime
theory", this paper attempts to analyse how the "food dependence" threat was perceived and how this perception influenced diplomaticand policy decisions of Japan’s government. It will be suggested that these decisions highly influenced not only Japan's diplomatic
relations but played also an important role in the transformation of the post-war international food regime.
35536

09:30-10:00 | Room 501 (5F) | IAFOR Scholarship Recipient

A Neoclassical Realist Account of Abe’s attempt at Constitutional Reinterpretation
Yuki Watai, University of Warwick, UK

Why did Japan recently begin a serious attempt to revise the constitution to allow the right to collective self-defense in the early 2010s?
This is a serious research puzzle for the researchers of Japan’s International Relations. The primary aim of this paper is to put forward analternative yet theoretically rigorous explanation for it. The existing literature fails to explain why such an attempt was made in the early2010s, not after the Cold War or 9/11 when seemingly a window of opportunity was given. Nevertheless, Abe’s administration set it as apolitical agenda despite the absence of an apparent sea change in the international system. This paper employs a neoclassical realist
approach with four “intervening variables” – leaders’ image, domestic institutions, strategic culture and state-society relations. I argue
that these variables mediate the influence of the international structure and are more effective in explaining the puzzle than structural
realism and constructivism. Up until the second Abe administration started, a unique structure of domestic institutions and an unpopular
security policy that did not help in getting voters prevented the government from setting the constitutional revision. However, the LDP’s
defeat in the 2009 election that led to the unification of the party and Abe’s tactical maneuver of stabilizing the government through otherpolicy areas such as Abenomics as an effective election strategy finally enabled the cabinet to pursue the revision. This paper also sets
itself apart from other studies of Japan’s international relations because of its rigorous theoretical application.

52 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORSunday Session I

09:00-10:30 | Room 503 (5F)South-East Asian Studies
Session Chair: Felix Tan
36814

09:00-09:30 | Room 503 (5F)

Post-Cold War Geopolitics of Laos: Bandwagoning or Balancing?
Kam Yee Law, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Mainstream international relations theories commonly argue that weak nations besides powerful ones have no choice but bandwagoning.
However, recent studies found that smaller nations are not necessary manipulated by the hegemonic powers. This case study of Laos
supports the latter notion. Although Laos is a relatively less-developed country, it does not entirely rely on China to support its social andeconomic development. On the contrary, it is found that Thailand and Vietnam has great impact on Laos’ political economy including
tourism, cross-border economic activities, investment in infrastructure and cultural relations. This dynamics does not only depend on the
total strength of the states that Laos being interacted, but also the geopolitical strategy considered by Laos. Thus, this paper will illustrate
the unique case of Laos to provide a critique of the conventional theories. First, it will analyse how Laos needed to be dependent on China
during the early years of the post-Cold War period. The second part will critically review the interactions between the two countries inrecent years, examining how much China does matter to Lao’s political economy of development, especially by comparing Laos’ relations
with Thailand and Vietnam. This paper attempts to contribute to the Asian re-examination of conventional international relations theories,
taking middle-ground approach to explore weak nations’ geopolitics between resistance and bandwagoning.
35058

09:30-10:00 | Room 503 (5F)

Refugees Crisis in the Human Security Agenda of South-East Asian Countries
Farida Tadjine, University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla (UKMO), Algeria

Despite Southeast Asian countries, with the exception of Cambodia and Philippines, aren’t a part of the 1951 Convention related to the
Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol. The refugee crisis remains one among the most influenced issues that the Southeast Asian
region faced until now. This research paper seeks to analyze and discuss the response of the Southeast Asian governments on the criticalrefugee crisis in the light of Human Security context. Moreover, it aims to explore the major factors that affected Southeast Asian policies
in dealing with this issue. To meet these aims, the Human Security Approach has been adopted as a theoretical framework, while theresearch design has been based on qualitative research approach, and its data have been collected using different types of documents;
such as, governmental and NGO’s reports, newspapers, books, official and political speech. This paper argues that the role of Southeast
Asian governments in the refugee crisis was limited because it didn't sign the refugee convention and its protocol; therefore, refugees are
deemed to be illegal immigrants by law. Moreover, the Southeast Asian historical experience about the negative effects of refugees on its
economy, society and security, played an important role in determining its dealings with the current refugee issue. This research paper
attempts to raise the scientific discussion among researchers who are interested in issues linked to Refugees, Human Security, and theSoutheast Asian Region.
36146

10:00-10:30 | Room 503 (5F)

"Imagined Communities" Re-Visited: Contextualising and Challenging Myanmar’s Ethnic History, Trajectories
and Religious Marginality
Felix Tan Thiam Kim, Singapore Institute of Management, Singapore

Myanmar’s diverse ethnic composition has been a challenge in the central government’s effort to unify the country. While the stateexperimented with some form of federalism in the early 1950s, it had little success. Moreover, Myanmar has often tried to curb its
multifaceted ethnicities from pursuing self-determination and instead hoped for an amicable unification. In 2015, the ultra-nationalist andBuddhist extremist group, Ma Ba Tha, gained notoriety when the Thein Sein government enforced a series of bills deemed to marginalise
the country’s Muslim minorities. In 2016, Myanmar domestic politics came to the forefront amongst the international community with
the Rohingya crisis. While ASEAN members have criticised the Myanmar government for doing too little to contain the problem, albeit
stopping short of discrediting the Aung San Suu Kyi government, many have instead opted to provide humanitarian aid to the country.
This paper will examine how the historical, social and cultural milieu has affected the extent to which ethnic and religious identities andsensitivities have been managed and negotiated within the state. The sense of survival and belonging for some of these indigenous
groups has been marred by the country’s vague stance on the forms of self-determination for these groups. This paper will also analyse
the trajectories and challenges that have plagued Myanmar’s attempt to instil a shared identity in order to assimilate the different ethnic
and religious groups. The proclivity of Burmans’ dominance and its marginalisation over these groups has constantly been a factor in this
aspect of an “imagined communities”.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 53

Sunday Session I

09:00-10:30 | Room 505 (5F)
Sociology
Session Chair: Anand Wadwekar
35443

09:00-09:30 | Room 505 (5F)The Sociology of Literature: An Analysis of Belis Imamat Novel, a Work by Inyo Soro
Siti Rodliyah, Universitas Sebelas Maret of Surakarta, Indonesia
Andrik Purwasito, Universitas Sebelas Maret of Surakarta, Indonesia
Bani Sudardi, Universitas Sebelas Maret of Surakarta, Indonesia
Wakit Abdullah, Universitas Sebelas Maret of Surakarta, Indonesia

Belis Imamat, a novel by Inyo Soro, in this study is a literary expression of the social condition on the bride pricing tradition of belisin the marital custom of the East Nusa Tenggara society. The discussed issues pertain to the structure builder of a story figure, Aku,
an Indonesian term for “I” or “I am” through the perspective of sociology of literature. This study aimed to describe: 1) the social andcultural background of the East Nusa Tenggara society in the novel of Belis Imamat (priesthood as an object change for bride-price); 2)
the influence of the author’s social backgrounds on the recounting story process of the novel 1) the socio-cultural background of thenovel Belis Imamat reflected in the attitude of the society in strictly holding the hereditary marital tradition. The novel actually recounts
a personal experience of the writer seeing the bride-pricing tradition as a serious life concern. The relationship built upon the figure of
Aku/“I” with the communities’ moral sanction to his parents’ marital status for their unpaid bride-price, engaged both social and selfcriticism. In fact, the story seems to evoke readers to enlightenment and awareness towards the customary practices which had been
almost untouched by criticism, 2) the most basic things affect the social background of the author on the creative process of the literarywork Belis Imamat in which the figure “I” was born and raised by parents whose unpaid belis “bride price”. The setting of the recounted
story is an address to the marriage customs in East Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara in Indonesia.
35971

09:30-10:00 | Room 505 (5F)

Not Defined by the Numbers: Distinction, Dissent and Democratic Possibilities in Debating the Data Following
Tokyo Electric Power Company’s Nuclear Disaster
Karly Burch, University of Otago, New Zealand
Katharine Legun, University of Otago, New ZealandHugh Campbell, University of Otago, New ZealandThis paper considers how metrics and standards deployed by states to govern food systems are negotiated and challenged by citizens.
In conditions of risk and uncertainty, measures are intended to guide the activities of producers and consumers, categorizing practices
and substances as safe or unsafe, good or harmful, and ensuring the maintenance of a stable and predictable pattern of life. In postFukushima Japan, government efforts to establish safe levels of radiation in food can be seen to participate in this stabilization, which
both reproduces the existing economy and the political system in the face of a radical participant: the radionuclide. Yet, people are notpassive participants in their governance, and have established their own ways of navigating food safety in opposition to government
standards. In this chapter, we suggest that those who must live by the numbers also negotiate and define themselves against them.
In this way, numbers can be seen to instigate dissent, distinction and deliberation, as participants strive to establish their authenticity
outside reductionist parameters. Taking an assemblage approach to state defined safe radiation levels in Japan, this paper discusses theways that numbers are actively engaged with to create and vocalize a more emancipatory political subjectivity through the assemblageof deliberative publics.
36396

10:00-10:30 | Room 505 (5F)The Memory in Making: Deconstructing the Myth of End of Bhopal Disaster
Anand Wadwekar, School of Planning and Architecture Bhopal, India
Madhura Kulkarni, School of Planning and Architecture Bhopal, India

The Union Carbide disaster in 1984, infamously known as Bhopal Gas Tragedy, brings trauma and reminds us of the precarity whichbecame part of how marginalized people live in India. The disaster manufactured by collusion of politics and development, generated alandscape of a constantly growing and expanding precarities. Today, Union Carbide disaster continue to live its own life. Permanently
set in flux, this disaster produces a field of fear, hostility and trauma not only among the affected but also those who “gaze” at the site as
visitors. In the past 30 years, the site has altered the growth of the city substantially. Whether it is the stigma associated with the site or thedehumanized landscape it has created, Union Carbide is always a memory in making. At present, the site territorializes sense of disbelief,and emptiness. The Union Carbide disaster lives not only by the sheer physical presence of its industrial relics but also paradoxically by
its memory, science and politics. The memory of site is also constantly exploited by both national and international politics only to further
disillusionment. The paper analyzes the “half alive and half dead” landscapes of the Union Carbide disaster at Bhopal through everyday
urbanism and the unfolding realms of global-local precarities namely space, memory, urbanity, science, injustice and alienation. With
constant merging and separation of these layers, the site and its surrounding manifolds into a complex patchwork where each layer holds
the key, which simultaneously constructs and deconstructs the myth of the end of disaster.

54 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORSunday Session I

09:00-10:00 | Room 506 (5F)
Social Criticism
Session Chair: David Edward37303

09:00-09:30 | Room 506 (5F)

Making the US Mexico Borderlands Invisible in Film and Policy
David Toohey, Nagoya University, JapanThe area between the United States and Mexico has often been represented as a divide between the United States and Mexico, yet avariety of realities render this situation impossible. The area has been a mixture of cultures for centuries with accompanying flows ofpeople. Gloria Anzaldua's work on borderlands emphasized ties that Mexican Americans and Mexicans have which problematize thisidea of the border, and to a certain extent indigenous culture. I would like to compare two distinct moments to update Anzaldua's work:1) the present tense obscuring of the borderlands with the proposed border wall; and 2) the obscuring of the borderlands in a variety ofWestern films produced prior to the late 1960s. A link between these processes of obscuring the borderlands is the persistent theme(real and imagined) of dispossessing Latino and indigenous peoples of land, and subsequent sustainable agricultural practices. Marx’s
theories of "primitive accumulation" will be used to contextualize this and update Anzaldua’s work to discuss contemporary flows ofdispossessed undocumented immigrants.
35604

09:30-10:00 | Room 506 (5F)The Border and Manual in Gwangwhamoon Plaza: A Street as a Political Public Space and Appearance of
New Borderline
Hanbit Lee, Yonsei University, South Korea

The modern political system is based on representative politics, but at the same time it contains imagination of revolution and street
politics exclusively. The various protests held in Korea at the end of 2016 are not only a response to the chaos in the state, confusing
the premises of the modern political order. In this presentation, women, foreigners, and merchants are considered to be the remarkablesubjects of street politics in Gwanghwamun Square: the rise of young women to escape the sexual contracts mentioned by Carole
pateman, foreigners and walkers who wander around the plaza, merchants who are engaged in demonstrations by selling food anddemonstration goods in the midst of the plaza. This can reveal particular aspects of the combination between the square and the three
concepts – feminism, sovereignty and capitalism. All of these scenes are not converged to the existing imagination of street politics.
Through analysis of these, this presentation aims to argue the point where the threshold of existing political imagination is revealed
through the manual revolution. They emerged through a “manualized revolution” that sought to faithfully carry out modern political order.
At the same time, These scene are all standing at the border of street politics. Although it does not yet show the exact direction ofdevelopment, the protests in Gwanghwamun Square show the possibility of exceeding the concept of nation state and sovereignty.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 55

Sunday Session II

10:45-12:15 | Room 501 (5F)Japanese Studies
Session Chair: Marlon Delupio35736

10:45-11:15 | Room 501 (5F)

Kindergarten Teachers in the Japanese Puppet State of Manchuria: Women’s Memory and Narrative
Akane Oishi, University of Tsukuba, JapanThe history of Manchukuo, a Japanese puppet state of Manchuria founded in northeast China in 1932 that collapsed with the Soviet
invasion of August 1945 at the end of World War II, is well-worn territory. Postcolonial studies reveal that not just militarists, but civilians,
including women who emigrated to settle in Manchuria, participated in Imperial Japan’s national and colonialist project, and in this sense
civilians were also accomplices in the aggression. However, most studies fail to observe the connection between women’s agency andthe Manchuria project. These studies have often assumed that Japanese women in urban cities in Manchuria were wives and mothers.
But there was a notable exception: kindergarten teachers were all female and they were independent of men, socially and economically.
This paper is a corrective to such a masculinist historical perspective of Manchuria that relegated women to the home. To shed light on
the little-known history of kindergarten teachers in Manchuria, I have collected and examined their life stories based on interviews withformer teachers who worked in a kindergarten in Liaoyang. As I will show, Japanese women who worked as kindergarten teachers were
not monolithic and had diverse backgrounds. Some were single mothers with their own children to support. Others were Christians. Yetothers were “modern girls” who donned fashionable Western clothes and had their hair permed. Their memories and stories, I suggest, will
significantly intervene in and rewrite the official history of the Japanese puppet state of Manchuria.
37292

11:15-11:45 | Room 501 (5F)A Preliminary Study on the Role of the Philippine Constabulary Under the Japanese Occupation and theFilipino Response; 1942
Maria Margarita Baguisi, De La Salle University, The Philippines

The outbreak of the Second World War had brought fundamental changes to the Philippines’ National Defense program, most particularly
the Philippine Constabulary that underwent major reconstitution and incurred institutional changes under the forces of the JapaneseImperial Army during its occupation of the Philippine islands from 1942 to 1945. During this critical period, the need to maintain peaceand order was a necessity, and was paramount in securing the Philippines into the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere program ofJapan. This essentially proved fundamental in carrying out the agenda for re-orienting the Philippines towards remolding Asian unity,
first through mainly its pacification policies. However, in the advent of war, many organizational changes took place within the Philippine
Constabulary which contributed to its dissolution and later on, its revival and reconstitution. This paper aims to explore the institutionalchanges that the Philippine Constabulary underwent under the tutelage of the Japanese Imperial Army during its occupation in thePhilippines and whether or not a successful integration of Japanese military strategies, tactics, values, and influence persisted. Using
selected archival data from the Philippine Veterans' Affairs Office, a thorough assessment of the history of the institution will be supplied.
37297

11:45-12:15 | Room 501 (5F)

Hero or Foe: Hiroo Onada, The Last Japanese Soldier to Surrender after WWII as Reflected in Selected
Philippine Newspaper
Marlon Delupio, De La Salle University, The Philippines

The Philippines and Japan had a long shared history of exchange, mutual-friendship and international relation. It all started in the
fourteenth century when Japan established trade relation to some parts of the Philippines. During the Spanish colonisation of thePhilippines, Japanese became sympathetic of the Filipino cause for independence and freedom. The same support was provided by
Japan during the Filipino-American War when some Japanese soldiers volunteered to fight the Americans. In all, Filipino heroes like Jose
Rizal, Andres Bonifacio, Mariano Ponce and Artemio Ricarte greatly admired Japanese discipline and nationalism. World War II and theJapanese occupation of the Philippines greatly altered such positive views about the Japanese. Such sentiments of animosity, hatred,
and vengeance were evident in Philippine society after the war. Out of this context, Philippine newspapers reported in March of 1974 thesurrender of Hiroo Onada, the last Japanese soldier from World War II. The primary objective of the paper is to provide a Filipino pointof view on Hiroo Onada's life as a soldier in isolation for 29 years, his life after the war, and his social contribution to the development of
Mindoro schools when he turned to the Philippines in 1996. The paper will use primary sources in selected Philippine newspapers, suchas news articles, commentaries, editorial articles, and newspaper cartoons, to answer the objective set by this paper.

56 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORSunday Session II

10:45-12:15 | Room 503 (5F)
Visual Culture
Session Chair: Holger Briel35262

10:45-11:15 | Room 503 (5F)

Monks in 26th Buddhist Era: Characters of Monks in Thai Films Against the Code of Monastic Discipline
Amonrat Rattanawong, Kasetsart University, Thailand

According to Thailand’s constitution, it is declared that a person has the right to freely express opinions, but movies showing monks
inappropriately conducting the monastic discipline must be banned or censored, even though the film art is trying to tell the truth in thesociety which Thai Authority feels uncomfortable to accept. Therefore, this research attempted to study monks in different genres of Thaifilms in terms of monastic disciplines breaking and myths of Buddhism which Thai Authority tries to press not to let audiences know
which leads to the ban and censorship. Interestingly, the finding shows that genres of the films affect the consideration of censorshipboard. The scenes where the monks who break the highest rules, called Parajikka or banishment from the monkhood, especially in crime
and thriller films, are banned or edited out while monks in comedy films are allowed to be on screen although they should be punishedby lighter penalty. The censorship of the board seems inconsistent, lacks certain standard, and has a lot of exceptions for some films.
Even though the board always claims morality and honorable culture of the nation, this causes the destruction and elimination of artistic
exuberance. However, audiences have to judge by themselves between monks in the reality and monks in the film art.
37314

11:15-11:45 | Room 503 (5F)

Refugees and the Politics of “Being Human”

Esther Narjinari-Hartnett, Independent Scholar/Researcher, UAE
At the heart of many refugee-centered literary works, an appeal to the meta-narrative of all belonging to a common fabric of ‘humanity’is typically observed. A refugees’ sense of justice emerges from such a plea to their readers/viewers that we are one and the same.
After all are we not humans? Do we not have the same right to human dignity as all of other humankind? I would like to extend theabove inquiry by comparing a select few literary works with a selection of visual texts especially films, magazines and advertisements
to explore instances of what it means to be human, how these constructions and perceptions of being “human” are eroded every day
for the refugee and how refugees attempt to navigate a sense of self and human dignity against dehumanizing and delimiting societal
discourses that have continually defined refugees. I will in particular examine how visual and non-visual cues are deployed by refugees
in order to initiate empathetic responses among their readers/viewers so that they are able to perceive their plight more as an insider
rather than as a mere observer.
36277

11:45-12:15 | Room 503 (5F) | Spotlight Presentation

Not Just Your Average Cartoon – “Mainzelmännchen” As Agents of Conservative TV Propaganda
Holger Briel, Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool University, China

While the West German TV broadcasting system had to a large part been modelled on Hugh Green's understanding of the BBC (who had
been charged with creating a non-centralised German broadcasting system after WWII), it did, unlike the BBC, include moderate yet tightly
controlled advertising time. Initially, advertising was only allowed between 17:00 and 20:00, excluding Sundays, and only in blocks of
5–10 minutes each. In order to break up the succession of adverts, stations used animations. First and foremost, these clips were meant
to provide a light-hearted caesura or insert (Werbetrenner) between individual adverts. But ultimately, their remit went much further
than that; on the one hand, these animations were intended to draw children into the advertising world and keep viewers on the station;on the other, they also provided a glimpse of social issues shaping the evolution of German society. The most famous ones were the“Mainzelmännchen”, a collection of funny gnomes created for the ZDF broadcasting station. In my presentation, I will analyse a number ofthese clips according to their relevance as markers of social changes through the last 50 years or so. It will become clear that they are far
from lighthearted entertainment but have a neo-conservative agenda regarding nationalism, gender, education, consumption and socialchange. Furthermore, I will also discuss changes made to them due to digitalisation and how they and their creators’ agenda have become
re-entrenched in new media in a changing and unequal world.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 57

Sunday Session II

10:45-12:15 | Room 505 (5F)
Education
Session Chair: Wai-Chung Ho34384

10:45-11:15 | Room 505 (5F)

Exploring University Students’ Insights Towards the Field Trip Under the PBL Method
Yoshihiko Yamamoto, Shizuoka University, Japan
Ryuta Yamamoto, Shizuoka University, JapanA field trip is sometimes used in a university class. Kwan and So (2008) found that the field trip used under the PBL (Project/Problem
Based Learning) method provided university students authentic and deep knowledge of the subject and reduced the learning gaps.
However, Kent, Gilbertson and Hunt (1997) explain the field trip depends on the budget of the university which determines thedestinations of the field trip and thus it is unfair for students if the budget is small for the students. The aim of this study is to
explore what extent a field trip activity is effective for students under the PBL method. Within a small budget for a field trip, thisstudy challenged to maximize the effect of using a field trip for a university class. This study adopts a small case study of the field
trip for an introduction to presentation in Japanese for the first year students. In order to collect data for this study, the authors used
questionnaires for the participants to see their insights about the field trip for the class. A total of 26 university students answered thequestionnaires including five international students. The results revealed both positive and negative feedback towards the field trip. At
the conference, the authors show the details of the results and discuss 1) what extent the field trip was effective and 2) how teachers
can maximize the effect of using a field trip for the class.
35115

11:15-11:45 | Room 505 (5F)

School Climate as it Relates to Organizational Commitment of Teachers
Lowell Lucero, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology, The Philippines
Rey Etom, Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology, The Philippines

Teaching is one of the most important professions from the standpoint of human welfare. It is considered as one of the most exalted
forms of social service. Teaching is also one of the most technical, difficult, and challenging professions (Acero, Javier, & Castro, 2000).
Likewise, teaching is also considered a great opportunity. In the words of Gregorio (1986), no one should enter into this work without
an appreciation of the great opportunity it offers for high service and gratifying achievement. This study aimed to: 1) examine teachers’organizational commitments as influenced by school climates; 2) compare between school administrators’ and teachers’ perceptions onteachers’ commitments; describe the level of the respondents’ belief on teachers’ organizational commitments, and school climate; findout the extent does teachers’ profile, and school climate influence teachers’ organizational commitment. The respondents of the study
were 62 school administrators and 313 elementary school teachers. Descriptive-correlational method was used in the investigation. The
data gathered was summarized, translated and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, weighted mean, standard deviation, ranks,
t-test for independent samples and multiple regression analysis. All computations were done using the Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS) software and all tests of hypotheses were set at 0.05 level of significance. From the data gathered on the teachers’organizational commitment, both respondents perceived that in general, teachers were committed; both respondents perceived that theschool climate was very satisfactory; there was a significant difference between the school administrators’ and teachers’ perception onteachers’ organizational commitment. It was also found that age, educational attainment, teaching experience and school’s climate arepotent factors that significantly influence the organizational commitment of teachers.
35432

11:45-12:15 | Room 505 (5F)

A Study of Culture, Creativity and General Education in Hong Kong’s Higher Education
Wai-Chung Ho, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong

This study will examine Chinese undergraduate students’ perceptions of cultural and social awareness and creativity, from the perspectiveof their own experiences, and the extent to which they learn in the General Education course titled “Music, Society, and Culture” that wasoffered in two individual sessions by the Department of Music, Hong Kong Baptist University, in the 2015–2016 academic year. The
course integrated a large range of communication elements – text, sound, photographs, animation and videos – to facilitate teaching
and learning and to articulate the values of music, creativity, and culture in society. Creativity is linked to students individually as wellas to their interactions among themselves. The principal research question of this study is twofold: 1) to what extent might students behelped in knowing and understanding music and society in this course; and 2) how is such cultural and social awareness and creativity
perceived by students and how does it inform contemporary educational practices? Classroom observation analysis and the students’music and painting projects were the means to evaluating the students’ understanding of the varied and complex nature of learning interms of music, society, and creativity. In addition to the analysis of the students’ music and painting projects, findings were also based onsemi-structured interviews conducted on a one-on-one basis with 26 students after the completion of the course. This study addresses
the issue of how to promote and increase non-music university students’ cultural and social awareness and creativity through musiceducation in higher education.

58 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORSunday Session II

10:45-12:15 | Room 506 (5F)
Chinese Studies
Session Chair: Yan Li36153

10:45-11:15 | Room 506 (5F)A Group Lost a Sense of Belonging: A Case Study of Chinese Rural Migrants in Xiamen City
Haoxuan Sa, University of Helsinki, Finland

Throughout the past three decades, internal migration from rural settings to urban areas has accounted for the majority of urban population
growth in China. Previous studies frames the rural migrants’ migration process as a temporary strategy to garner economic returns.
While, this mode of inquiry provides beneficial insights, most relevant scholars do not examine the rural migrants’ emotional concerns.
In this research, I focus on rural-to-urban migrants’ sense of social belonging by analysing their lives in home villages and their everyday
practices in destination cities. Data was collected from in-depth interviews in Xiamen, China. Results show rural migrants are living in
precariousness which is in-between destination cities and their home villages. Rural migrants lost their sense of belongings to both homevillages and destination cities. On one hand, the experiences of living in cities has changed rural migrants’ way of life, it is difficult for
migrants to adapt themselves back to rural lives. On the other hand, lack of official status in the urban Chinese household register system(hukou), rural migrants have limited accesses to resources and social services in the urban sphere, it makes urban life full of struggles.
Besides, lack of affordable housing makes rural migrants feel difficult to achieve homeownership in cities, but homeownership has great
influences on forming a sense of social belongings in their minds. Thus, rural migrants become a group that has lost a sense of belonging.
35492

11:15-11:45 | Room 506 (5F)

A Study of User Behavioral Intention to Use LINE’s Ugly E-Stickers Based on Technology Acceptance Model
Yan-Ru Chen, Yuan Ze University, Taiwan
Li-Chiou Chen, Yuan Ze University, Taiwan

With the development of technology and popularity of mobile devices, in recent years the way of communication between people has seen
great change, and the demand for mobile communication applications have gradually increased. Among the many social communication
applications in Taiwan, LINE is the most frequently used communication application. In addition to its convenience and ease of use, LINE
has varied and interesting e-stickers which allow users to pass messages with more fun. Recently, the trend for “ugly e-stickers” emergedin the LINE network. These ugly e-stickers feature simple lines and graffiti-like art styles and thereby exhibit an unrefined, childlike
appearance. Thus, these e-stickers achieve ugliness from the conventional visual perspective and subvert the general impression thate-stickers should be designed and applied through artistic foundations. Moreover, with jokes and fun slang embedded within them, theseugly e-stickers have attracted people’s interests, comments, and attention. Today, ugly e-stickers are prominently featured in the official
list of hot e-stickers in Line. However, the phenomenon of popularity of ugly e-stickers has not been studied, the study therefore applying
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explore the behavioral intention to use ugly e-stickers.
36154

11:45-12:15 | Room 506 (5F)

Surviving and Thriving Life of Precarity: Everyday Life Resistance of Precarious Creative Labour in China
Yan Li, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

This abstract is set up against the background of burgeoning cultural strategies in urban redevelopment of China, which has let to a growing
quantity of floating creative labour. Under the global supply chain, millions of paintings such as Van Goghs’ works are painted by these
artists and sold around the world. These artists call for attention under the culture-led urban strategy in China, whose precariousness isovershadowed by a glamourized image of the cultural profession. Not only is the social group labeled with flexible specialization sufferingfrom the uncertainty of self-employment but also a mobile characteristic, which renders life more precarious. This study attempts toinvestigate this community of artists in China from the perspective of the pattern of precarious life and consequence on the subjectivityof community. Firstly, it will describe the labour pattern of precarious creative labour from both temporal and geographical approachand its consequence on the inequality and insecurity. Secondly, it will further discuss how this precarious condition also moves fromthe workplace into social insecurity, which leads to a precarious life. Last but not least, in contrast with the western context on a new
subjectivity mobilized through collective movement on the unsecured condition, the community of artists in China is still far from reachinga collective subjectivity. However, the possibility and moves of resistance never fall short in everyday life. Therefore, this study seeks todiscover the subjectivity of artists and their attempts to thrive in precarity through everyday life experience under a Chinese context.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 59

Sunday Session III
13:30-15:30 | Room 501 (5F)Japanese Studies
Session Chair: David Chapman
35500

13:30-14:00 | Room 501 (5F)

Local Newspapers: Media Meaningfulness in Regional Japan
Anthony Rausch, Hirosaki University, Japan

This presentation focuses on chihoshi, the local newspapers of Japan, presenting survey research outlining the role of the local newspaper
for readers together with an in-depth examination of the agenda-setting power of local newspaper rensai columns in local communities.
Readership of newspapers in Japan is one of the highest in the world, and readership of local newspapers (chihoshi) – countering thebig five national newspapers – is also notably high. Based on a readership survey covering Japan north of Tokyo, the research will
illuminate the expectations that readers have for their local newspaper, both in general and individually, as well as the role ascribed the
local newspaper by readers. The research will also examine the rensai (long-running thematic columns) and tokushu (special content) of
40+ local newspapers from across Japan, outlining how the rensai and tokushu of such local newspapers portray contemporary issues
for local communities. The research is contextualized by the idea that as major (print) media sources continue to consolidate and adjust
to a changing market through digitalization together with coordination and streamlining of content, local media becomes increasingly
important in presenting content that both captures the trends of contemporary Japan as a whole while also connecting with its own
region as a specific locale as well as creating a specific and meaningful local identity for readers. A further aspect of the combined
survey-content intersection in the research is to identify if and, if so, how, the local newspaper may act as a mechanism of local interest
and participation for local readers.
35560

14:00-14:30 | Room 501 (5F)

An Empirical Analysis of Japanese Stock and Foreign Exchange Markets’ Responses to “Brexit" and “Trump Shock”
Mirzosaid Sultonov, Tohoku University of Community Service and Science, JapanThe United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union and results of the presidential election in the United States were two very
important events of 2016. Both outcomes were unanticipated. Stock and foreign exchange markets in different countries showed a large
volatility as soon as the news about the results of referendum and election were unfolded. This paper applies GARCH type models and a
CFF test approach to empirically analyze the responses of Japanese stock and foreign exchange markets to the Brexit and Trump shocks.
The derived results highlight Japan’s stock and foreign exchange markets’ reaction to an unexpected political and economic change witha significant global impact.
34955

14:30-15:00 | Room 501 (5F)The Kami in the Kitchen: Evoking Shinto and Nostalgia to Promote Sales
Timothy Iles, University of Victoria, Canada

Tokyo Gas has employed a series of touching, family-centric CMs to emphasise its role in the family, with the catch-phrase “connecting
families through food”. These effective advertisements, however, operate within a context of nostalgia – for family, youth, innocence, andcommunity – but also, and importantly, for the specific national traditions of a Shinto belief system. We may read these works semioticallyas re-evaluating traditional community values and offering reminders, both subtle and less so, of the necessity of holding on to memories
and appreciations of the past, as the individuals in the messages, but also, metaphorically, Japan itself, moves towards its future: afuture, the adverts reassure us, which will be successful and connected, so long as Japan as a whole maintains its traditional community
orientation, informed by an appreciation of Shinto and its ideals.
34754

15:00-15:30 | Room 501 (5F)

Article 772 and Japan’s Unregistered

David Chapman, University of Queensland, Australia
There are estimated to be more than 10,000 children in Japan that are without legal identity usually afforded through household
registration. These children are placed in an extremely vulnerable position with diminished security and inadequate access to fundamental
services provided by the state. In many cases, this situation continues into adulthood where a lifetime of difficulties awaits. In this paper
I argue that, Japan’s problem of unregistered children (mukosekiji) has been a matter of legislation that favours patriarchy and normative
notions of family, which, combined with systemic inadequacies, has failed to adequately address the situation. I further argue that, thespecific conditions of article 772 of the Japanese Civil Code restrict choice for women in unsafe circumstances such as a difficult divorce,
domestic violence and reprisal from the state and, coupled with the Household Registration Law, places at risk the fundamental right ofchildren to protection by the state and the family.

60 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORSunday Session III
13:30-15:30 | Room 503 (5F)Media Studies
Session Chair: Janine Patricia Santos
26891

13:30-14:00 | Room 503 (5F)

How an "Imagined Community" Has Been Built by Transnational Media Flow in the Era of Globalisation in East Asia
Mi-Sook Park, University of Sheffield, UK

The cultural industry and its related government-led cultural industry promotion in East Asia has rapidly increased as a new political
economic agenda since the late 1990s. The changing of related policies and each government's attitude toward the cultural sector has
played a key role in the unique transnational cultural flow in East Asia. The South Korean government and its related industries have
led the Korean wave in and beyond Asia from the 2000s onward. Secondly, the Japanese “Cool Japan” promotion has pulled many
Chinese tourists into Japan, and lastly the Chinese cultural industry promotion since 2011 has led to sharing not only financial capital but
also human resources and joint ventures in the media industry. This paper aims to understand the impact of a government-led culturalindustry and creative industry. The study challenges both the dominant theory that regards cultural globalisation as mostly driven by aconglomerate of transnational media and assumes the end of the role of the government in globalisation. However, my findings suggestthat transnational cultural flow in East Asia was processed under an Asian developmentalism perspective, unlike in the West. Furthermore,
my findings illustrate that each government-led cultural industry promotion, paradoxically, created a new type of “imagined community”
in East Asia. In order to investigate how this “imagined community” has been created in East Asia, the study examined the three phases of
trading finished programs, co-production, and joint venture in the media industry in East Asia since the late 1990s.
35561

14:00-14:30 | Room 503 (5F) | IAFOR Scholarship Recipient

The Entanglement of Signs – Examining the Political Turn of Internet Memes in China
Xiaomeng Li, Ohio University, USA

Memes in China have gained momentum in recent years thanks to the high penetration of the Internet and usage of mobile phones.
Previous studies on Chinese Internet memes mainly go into two directions, one is from a political perspective that addresses how memes
reflect the tension between the Chinese party-state and civil society. The other direction is quite apolitical, and focuses on the playfulnessof the Internet environment and youth culture. However, this paper proposes an “entanglement” between the apolitical and political memes
and argues that under certain circumstances, apolitical memes could take on political significance and even strengthen the Chinese rulingpower’s hegemony. Referring to theoretical frameworks such as banal nationalism, hegemony, and imagined community, this paper applies
a social semiotic analysis to examine the “China-Taiwan memes war” on Facebook in January 2016 to further observe the key contexts
and circumstances that foster the entanglement of signs and meanings. The findings demonstrate that: 1) this entanglement should give
credit to the blossoming popular culture and entertainment industry which often serve as a safe hub for mild political expression andcircumvent the political surveillance; 2) only when the ideas expressed in the memes are not challenging but supporting the authority’s
ideology can they participate in the construction of nationalism; 3) when traditional cultural signs are reinforced with the help of popular
culture (memes), consent is easily achieved and hails the netizens to re-imagine nationalism, which again, makes the Chinese party-state
the ultimate beneficiary of this celebratory online culture.
36332

14:30-15:00 | Room 503 (5F)The Myth of Creative Work as Liberation

Janine Patricia Santos, Fo Guang College, The Philippines
The rise of the creative industry as the new economic sector for post-industrial societies has afforded great interest in the global
economy, with its promise of autonomous and self-realizing creative work that not only satisfies the labor force, but also generates
substantial revenue in the process. However, there is a blatant disregard for the exploitative nature of creative work, which mainly resultsfrom its precarious nature, in the hopes of institutionalizing it. Creative work then becomes nothing but a myth manipulated by neoliberaltechnocrats in order to attract potential public and private investors to the creative industries agenda. This paper aims to illustrate theexploitative nature of creative work through a historical and conceptual analysis of creative commodity production and how exploitation
occurs and is magnified in developing countries by using the Philippines as a case. This paper concludes with the limits of extensive andinstitutionalized exploitation and its potential repercussions on the capitalist society as a whole.
35290

15:00-15:30 | Room 503 (5F)

Imaging Taipei and Its Significance: Contemporary Discourses by the Local Novelists and Architects
Shiaw-Chian Fong, Department of Journalism, National Chengchi University, Taiwan

Along with democratization in Taiwan, the emergent local public sphere in the cyberspace has begun to discuss about the path toward
the “global city” or its alternatives that should be taken by Taipei, the capital of Taiwan. To contribute to this discussion, with the belief
that (Charles Montgomery’s) Happy City emerges as a result of the notions of happiness shared by all walks of life, we propose tolook into what significant local novelists and architects have so far said and imaged about Taipei. But, first of all, to tackle the extreme
heterogeneous viewpoints and styles of proses or pictures produced by these two groups, we must justify the legitimacy of taking Lynch's“city image” and its meaning to mean, by way of Jameson, exactly the relation between Saussurian signifier and signified. The result of
our semiotic analysis shows that what have been constructed by the local groups are moving images of Taipei in the process of leaving“a spectacular their-world place” and entering a place of confusion about whether to pursue globalization or happiness. However thesignificant meaning revealed in these images seems to point to the urgent salvation of the public spaces in the city so as to resolve thehuge conflict between public and private interests. We therefore conclude that to take an alternative path to that of becoming global, we
need more aggressive grassroots organizations that will maintain local landscapes and soothe the general feeling of nostalgia.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 61

Sunday Session III
13:30-15:30 | Room 505 (5F)
Cultural Studies
Session Chair: Shu-Chung Lii
37180

13:30-14:00 | Room 505 (5F)The Subversion of Masculine Genre and the Writing of Post-Colonial Identity in Hong Kong Cinema
Chin-pang Lei, University of Macau, Macao

Gender representation is often related to politics, and the notion of masculinity is an effect of culture (Cohan and Hark, 1993). Using
masculine genres such as gangster films and martial art films as his departing points, the Hong Kong director Wong Kar-wai hasrecreated male characters, such as the lovelorn policemen in Chungking Express (1994), a swordsman who gives up fighting in Ashesof Time (1994), and an assassin who is set up and killed by his female partner in Fallen Angels (1995). Wong’s male protagonists are far
from heroic, and even seen as feminized (Carbon, 1995) and infantilized (Bordwell, 2000). These crises-ridden men on one hand reflect
Hong Kong’s political predicament before the 1997 handover, and on the other hand show Hong Kong’s trans-national and hybrid culture
with their resistance to the fixed national identity imposed by Chinese nationalism. In addition, the representation of gender in traditional
Chinese art is another reference point for these male images. These alternative male characters created by Wong are used to actively
articulate Hong Kong identities in the post-colonial age.
37214

14:00-14:30 | Room 505 (5F)"I Knew it Was Abnormal but I Didn't Want to Change": Hikikomori as Willful Subjects
Rosemary Overell, University of Otago, New Zealand

The hikikomori are a portion of the Japanese population who withdraw within their homes. These are mostly young people (between 15
and 35); mostly young men – who become what, in English, might be called “shut ins”. In Japanese media and popular clinical accounts,
hikikomori are framed as passive and childishly lazy – as parasaitô (parasites) whose willful withdrawal drains both their immediatefamily, and the “national” family of the Japanese state. However, in this paper, I consider the idea that hikikomori might be thought of as“willful subjects” following Ahmed’s (2014) consideration that the charge of “willfulness” works to produce particular bodies as deviant,which I propose could be read as Queer. I suggest that the imperative in popular discourse to position hikikomori as a problem is due totheir apparent willful failure at embodying Japanese hetero-masculinity – so bound to the national imaginary of the “corporate-family”
state. In short, I want to unpack why hikikomori are considered a problem in Japan and what it might tell us about contemporary Japanesesocial imaginaries of hetero-patriarchy in the country’s late capitalist context.
35130

14:30-15:00 | Room 505 (5F)

Performing (Non-)Compliance Body, Subjectivity and Medication in Psychiatry
Shu-Chung Lii, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
Chun-Lin Chu, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
Ya-Huei Huang, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan

Medication and its compliance is regarded as the cornerstone for therapeutic relationship and efficacy by contemporary psychiatry.
From the perspectives of the patients, however, the question of being compliant or not with psychiatric medication is a serious andcomplicated issue beyond what psychiatry can figure out. As the recipient subject of psychiatric medication, patients always think, act
on, re-act and even resist to psychiatric medication and its symbolic meanings through their bodies, which reflect not only biology but
also personal sufferings, idiosyncracies and subjectivities embedded within their local moral worlds. More often than not, medication
compliance or non-compliance does not work in a fashion of either-or manner for patients, but rather in a strategic and performative way,
which indicates the struggle between subjectivity, illness and medical governmentality. Based on a long-term ethnographic investigation
in a chronic psychiatric ward, this study presents two cases to show that compared to the simplistic view about patients and their (non-)compliance generally hold by medical staffs, what a more realistic and intricate picture of patients’ compliance or not could be. By
studying the (non-)compliance issues from both sides of psychiatric treatment, an insight into the nature and reason behind the dilemmaof medical non-compliance in psychiatry can be gained, a deeper understanding and appreciation of patients’ agency and subjectivity
within medical contexts can be made, and even a better idea for overcoming this dilemma can be obtained in addition.
35132

15:00-15:30 | Room 505 (5F)

Uncompleted Body and Representation of Etiology: The Cultural Context of Women with Breast Cancer in Taiwan
Shu-Chung Lii, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
Shih-Li Wang, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing & Management, Taiwan
Hui-Wen Chien, Asia University, Taiwan

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between of uncompleted bodies and self-explanations of the etiologies incultural context through narrative stories of women with breast cancer. In Taiwan, above 90% breast cancer women have suffered fromsurgeries combining with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and their decision makings are very different from most of the western women.
Moreover, the bodily experiences and the perceptions of having lost their breasts after surgeries are influenced by cultural factors. The
authors consider “the body” as an actively subject filled with social-cultural meanings, which can perceive and interpret its own life
world. All the symptoms of informants are the symbolic expressions of the overall social suffering. Body theories were taken for data
analysis and representations in this study, and the authors found informants represented their etiologies as containing four important
cultural factors: 1) cancer as the unchangeable fate, that no one can escape from the invisible power, resigning to fate, facing the world
with a smile, and not making herself miserable; 2) cancer as karmic creditor and repayment of the debt of preexistence; 3) cancer as theresult of yin-yang disharmony, representing the cosmology of balance and harmony in sexual relationship; and 4) cancer as the result of
accumulation bodily heat, nourishing yin-qi can remove extinguishing inner fire. These cultural factors are not only the consequences oflong term interactions between individuals, families, and society, but also as reconstruction of their cosmology through interpretations of
etiology for finding the best ways to cope with their illness in Taiwan society.

62 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORSunday Session III
13:30-15:30 | Room 506 (5F)
Gender Studies/Feminist Theory
Session Chair: Jea Sophia Oh
37275

13:30-14:00 | Room 506 (5F)

Korean Women’s Vulnerability and Resilience: An Asian Ecological Feminism and Activism
Jea Sophia Oh, West Chester University, USA

Confronting the ecological energy crisis as an intergenerational as well as global vulnerability, this study is an ecofeminist talk on nuclear
energy by observing the Fukushima nuclear disaster since 2011 and its damages and effects on the vegetation and biosphere of Korea.
How have Korean women survived? First, the so-called nuclear renaissance as an alternative energy to the climate and energy crisis is adelusion based on human arrogance that humans can control over nature. Thus, it is jugim (destructive power) and not salim (enlivening).
Second, in order to prevent exhaustion of energy resources, effective recycling is a better solution along with developing greener formsof energy. As a constructive practice of recycling, I will introduce Korean women’s salim movements (ah-na-ba-da movement) which
includes saving (ah), sharing (na), exchanging (ba), and reusing (da). But the energy is also used outside of physics, although humans
have called energy-only resources as solid (ontological) forms of energy that exist for humans and are used by humans. Nonetheless,energy is the source of Life not resources. Energy is embodied in nature as the power of Life which will never be exhausted but will berenewable and recyclable. Korean women’s recycling movements are from their salim spirituality. Salim is Korean women’s empowerment
for living together with nature beyond individual survival. Indeed, it is the power of Life. Salim creates and recreates life abundantly andsustainably in terms of quality, and finally heals and overcomes the brokenness of natural harmony.
37215

14:00-14:30 | Room 506 (5F)

Queer Taiwan: A Critical Overview of Discourses on Queer in Taiwan from 2006 to 2016
Shuo Lee, Open University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Li-An Kuo, National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan
Hsin-Chien Lee, Hsiuping University of Science and Technology, Taiwan

Queer studies in Taiwan has had its own developing trajectory for over two decades. Scholars from different disciplines have been engaging
with queer theories, politics, activism, and performing arts, all of which have, in turn, redefined the relationship between gender andidentity. However, through a critical reading of Taiwanese queer discourses from 2006 to 2016, this essay argues that, while broadening
one’s perspective on gender, recent discourses about queer in Taiwan seem to restrict the meaning of queer within gay or lesbian desires
and identities. That is to say, queer becomes an exclusive term that ignores its potential to look after those who are positioned inbetween heterosexuals and gays and lesbians. By appropriating Michel Foucault's ideas of madness and sexuality and queer theorist
Nikki Sullivan’s conceptualization of queer, this essay provides a reinterpretation of the queer subject as a way to construct a blueprint for
future theoretical work or political activism.
35442

14:30-15:00 | Room 506 (5F)The Materialization of Older Women’s Identities in Hong Kong Homes
Kimburley Choi, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Women's social status in Hong Kong has changed significantly in recent decades, but the notion that "women should be homemakers" still
persists today. Hong Kong women continue to perform mothering, caregiving and household tasks even in late adulthood. In discussing
two cases of older women’s homes, I use an agential realist approach to analyze how these two homes’ configurations and object
arrangement materialize Hong Kong’s patrilineal and male-dominated family system, but the intra-action of materialities, discourses, andsubjectivities constitutes agential forces and contributes to Hong Kong older women’s divergent subjectivities in the home.
36636

15:00-15:30 | Room 506 (5F)ICT and Social Media: Claiming Spaces for Women's Rights in Kuwait
Salah Al-Fadhli, Kuwait University, Kuwait

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the social media play an important role in almost all areas of human life. ICT offers
the potential to empower individuals, while social media provide the channels to enhance employer’s activities. As they struggle to gain
their rights, women are among the many groups who can benefit from using ICT and social media. Many scholars believe that ICT can bea positive factor in the process of women’s empowerment and gaining equal rights. This study examines the impact of ICT and the social
media on fostering women’s rights in Kuwait. Digital divide, awareness, the role of social media are the factors that will be focused on. The
research will examine the requirements for women empowerment on Micro and Meso levels. The findings show little evidence that ICT has
a positive impact in this direction, but more collective efforts are needed to remove negative attitudes toward women and eliminate theglass ceiling to help women be part of decision-making processes and promote more women’s leadership.

Conference Closing Address
15:45-16:30 | Room 504 (5F)

Closing remarks from members of the conference Organising Committee.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 63

MASTER OF INTERPRETING AND TRANSLATION STUDIES

Monash University is a national leader in the field of Translation and Interpreting Studies, our master’s
program will develop your skills in translation and interpreting in English and another language, with anunderstanding of both practice and theory.

Our master by coursework program is taught by academics and translation & interpreting practitioners, and is aimed atstudents with advanced bilingual proficiency. It seeks to develop your skills in translation and interpreting from/to English
and another language, and your awareness of practical and theoretical approaches to translation/interpreting practice andstudies. There are two specialisations:
Translation: This specialisation will equip you for work in areas where written translation and writing skills are required
such as literary and cultural translation, cross-cultural communication, business, law, science and technology, publishing,editing, journalism etc. Students in this specialisation work from their B language into their A language. This stream also
focuses on research methodologies for those who want to pursue doctoral studies in Translation Studies.
Interpreting and translation: This specialisation will equip you for work in areas where interpreting and cross-cultural
skills are required such as healthcare, legal, business, court, education but also diplomacy and international meetings andconferences. Training is bi-directional and in two languages. Prospective students must be highly proficient and able tofluently converse in both.

The Master of Interpreting andTranslation Studies is one of the
few courses in Australia approvedby NAATI at the Professional
Interpreter, Professional Translator andConference Interpreter levels.

Our program has gained full
membership of CIUTI, the international
association of tertiary institutions offering
degrees in translation and interpreting,and the world’s oldest and mostprestigious of its kind. Monash is thefirst and only Australian university having
gained this membership, which is limited
to institutions that meet internationallyrecognised standards.

The conference interpreting
component of the course is listedon the Schools Directory of AIIC,the International Association ofConference Interpreters, which
includes only interpreting schools thatmeet AIIC’s training criteria.

For more information, please visit: http://future.arts.monash.edu/mits/

CRICOS provider: Monash University 00008C

Virtual
Presentations#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 65

Virtual Presentations
www.vimeo.com/iafor

35592

A Curator(ial) Collaborative: Curating Contemporary Asian Art in an Australian Context
Wilson Chun Wai Yeung, RMIT University, Australia

This presentation begins with an examination of the historical relationship in cultural shifts in Australia, which reflects the re-orientation
towards the Asia-Pacific region and the development of Asian contemporary art over the last two decades. This research reflects mycultural and artistic position on the imposition of Australian culture on Asian culture and vice versa. In 2011, the Australian Government
launched an Australian Multicultural Policy titled “The People of Australia”. This policy inspired me to reflect on the cultural impact ofmulti­ethnic immigrants on Australian arts, culture and society. I have been traveling and researching between Australia and Asia for 10
years. My experience of Australian multiculturalism has influenced my artistic practices and inter-cultural cognition. I have witnessed theinfluences of Australian multicultural society, the effects of geopolitics in Asia-Pacific area and the impacts of globalization. All of theseissues remind me that it is important to examine the development of Asian Australian contemporary arts and to analyze the “Asianisation”
of Australia. The goal of the historical investigation is to understand how socially and culturally engaged Asian art practices and exhibition
makings have been used in the field of Australian and global contemporary art. Integrating research methodology with curatorial practice,
this research consists of case studies and staging of experimental art projects. Each of these projects will investigate the relationshipbetween artists and creative practitioners using social and cultural analysis. It aims to establish a new curating approach to advocating
collaborative curatorial practices.
37284

An Issue of Suicidal Woman and Feminism in Vietnam: Situations, Solutions, and Its Effects on Society
Kim Lan Cao, Institute of Literature, Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam

Gender inequality has been a normal and prevalent fact in Vietnam since the early years of the twentieth century. However, when Vietnam
was colonized by the French this southeast Asian country was exposed to western culture, including feminism. Although most social
positions were quite varied, traditional views of woman’s role and functions were equally dismal. This led to a widespread phenomenonof woman committing suicide. In this paper, we will carry out research to analyze this nation-wide suicidal tendency and the movementthat fought for woman’s equal rights in Vietnam through the survey of the weeky newspaper Phụ Nữ Tân Văn (“New Woman”). It was themost influential newspaper in Viet Nam from 1929 to 1935 and it called for contributions by the PNTV to significantly change society’s
knowledge about woman and the tribulations of the female labour force. Nevertheless, feminism is still a controversial and complicatedissue in Vietnam because of male chauvinism and Confucianism. Although Vietnamese authorities passed an equality law for women,
in reality women still have to withstand many pre-conceptions that result in family violence and a lack of fulfillment for highly-educatedwoman. By surveying the text of the newspaper Phụ Nữ Tân Văn as well as some contemporary electronic newspapers, analysis of ourdata related to Vietnamese culture, its sociology and the feminist theory, we hope to show a relationship between our traditional culture
and its connection to feminism in contemporary Vietnam.
37309

The Model of Intervening Cultural Space in the Hybrid Design Case Study: The Combination of JapanIndonesia Craft
July Hidayat, University of Pelita Harapan, Indonesia
Ruly Darmawan, Institute of Technology Bandung, Indonesia
Cherry Dharmawan, Indonesian Computer University, Indonesia
Geoffrey Tjakra, University of Pelita Harapan, Indonesia

The development of craft in Indonesia has a huge economic potential due to the availability and diversity of materials as well as export
opportunities. The craft needs design innovation to compete in the global market because the design applied is a pattern of inherited
forms of hereditary artisans. Those are bamboo, wood, ceramics, batik and silver crafts. Japan also has a bamboo culture like Indonesia
as it is commonly used in worship and daily life operational. Both in Indonesia and Japan, the bamboo culture represents the relationshipbetween humans and nature. The study was conducted experiments of creating bamboo craft using the hybridity strategy. It combines theJapanese bamboo craft design with Indonesian local design to make an innovation. The hybrid craft was created by combining the threegroups of syntax and codes. The first syntax is a general pattern of Japanese bamboo woven and Indonesian craft design. The second
syntax is a contextual design pattern of Beppu (bamboo craft center in Japan) and Yogyakarta (local handicraft centers of bamboo, wood,
ceramics, batik, silver in Indonesia). The third group is the individual code generated from the individual concept of thought from theartists, designers and craftsmen. The results is a model of hybrid craft that is syncretic (the cultural origin of constituent elements canstill be distinguished) and hybrid (the combination elements of different cultures have formed a new compound that can’t be referred to acertain culture). Ambiguity is the character of a hybrid design.

66 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORConference
Highlights:
The Past 12
MonthsSince 2009, IAFOR has welcomed university
presidents, faculty deans, award-winningjournalists, national politicians, government
ministers, diplomats, charity leaders, thinktank directors, documentary makers, movie
directors, members of the armed forces,
lawyers, doctors, jurists, artists, poets,
writers, clergy, scientists, philosophers...

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 67

Above: To ensure that delegates have an especially memorable experience, IAFOR conferences include tours to places of historicand cultural interest, led by experienced tour guides.
Fushimi Inari Grand Shrine in Kyoto, Japan, features a pathway lined with orange torii, each donated by a Japanese business, that
leads 4 km up the mountain.
Below left: Professor Ted O’Neill of Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Vice-President (at large) of IAFOR, gives a Keynote Presentation
entitled “Change in Japanese Tertiary Education: Implementing Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in Japan” at
The Asian Conference on Language Learning 2017 (ACLL2017). Below centre: Featured Speaker Professor Mark Pegrum presents
on moving beyond web 2.0 when designing authentic mobile learning for everyday contexts in Asia at The Asian Conference on
Technology in the Classroom 2017 (ACTC2017). Mark Pegrum is an associate professor in the Graduate School of Education at The
University of Western Australia, where he specialises in mobile learning and, more broadly, e-learning. Below right: Professor Barbara
Lockee, Associate Director of the School of Education and Associate Director of Educational Research and Outreach at Virginia Tech,
USA, explores the changing landscape for instructional design professionals in educational contexts and their potential to serve aschange agents in the adoption of learning innovations at ACTC2017.

68 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORAbove left: During the annual haiku workshop at The Asian Conference on Literature 2017 (LibrAsia2017), Hana Fujimoto of the
Haiku International Association, Japan, gives a background and history to haiku and invites participants to write their own poems.
Above right: Also at the LibrAsia2017 haiku workshop, Emiko Miyashita, a prominent haiku poet who is also a councillor for the Haiku
International Association, reads world-famous haiku before inviting audience members to compose haiku of their own. In addition
to the yearly haiku workshop, LibrAsia2017 features the IAFOR Vladimir Devidé Haiku Award Ceremony, at which all award-winning
entries are read out. The IAFOR Vladimir Devidé Haiku Award is an open competition for previously unpublished haiku written in the
English language. The award is for haiku regardless of whether in the traditional or modern style; it transcends haiku divisions andis based only on literary merit.
Below left: Celebrated international pianist and former Fulbright scholar Marusya Nainggolan of the University of Indonesia,
Indonesia, gives a resounding performance at The Asian Conference on Arts & Humanities 2017 (ACAH2017). Marusya Nainggolan
performs music nationally and internationally, as well as teaching European Studies at the University of Indonesia and serving
as a music counsellor for studies on music and health in the Indonesian National Health Department. Below right: At The Asian
Conference on Arts & Humanities 2017 (ACAH2017) Dr Yutaka Mino, Director of the Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Art and the Yokoo
Tadanori Museum of Contemporary Art, and Honorary Director of the Abeno Harukas Museum of Art, Japan, speaks on “Art andNarrative in the Public Sphere”, examining art as a medium for telling stories and creating narrative, and how curation can be used
to contextualise and situate works of art.
Bottom left: Professor Georges Depeyrot is a monetary historian at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) in
Paris. As part of a Featured Panel Presentation on “Constructing History” at The Asian Conference on Literature 2017 (LibrAsia2017),
he discusses the importance of the construction of national history in the creation of personal and national identity. Bottom right:
In the same Featured Panel Presentation at The Asian Conference on Literature 2017 (LibrAsia2017), Professor Myles Chilton, amember of the Department of English Language and Literature at Japan’s Nihon University, explores how history shapes our politicaldecisions today, and how we go about building, revising and deconstructing history.

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Above left: In a Featured Panel Presentation on the right to education at The Asian Conference on Education & International
Development (ACEID2017), Osaka University’s Professor Haruko Satoh, Chair of the Politics, Law & International Relations sectionof IAFOR’s International Academic Advisory Board, examines the conference theme, “Educating for Change”, in the context of theconference screening of Among the Believers, and the friction between preserving culture and challenging culture in areas of theworld where education is highly politicised. Above right: At the same conference, Professor Adrian Ziderman, Sir Isaac Wolfson
Professor in Economics and Business Administration at Bar-Ilan University, Israel, gives an interactive Spotlight Workshop on
publication ethics as part of his role as Research Chair and Trustee at the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
Below left: Also at ACEID2017 Featured Speaker Jessica Loh gives an engaging presentation entitled “Values for Global Citizenship:
Fostering Innovation and Access with the Higher Education Context”. Jessica Loh is Director of Outreach at the Institute ofInternational Education, Thailand. Below middle: Professor Hiroshi Nittono, Full Professor of Experimental Psychology at theGraduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Japan, gives a Keynote Presentation on the psychology of Japanese “kawaii”
culture at The Asian Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences 2017 (ACP2017). Below right: ACP2017 Featured Speaker
Professor Ronald Mellado Miller of Brigham Young University – Hawaii, USA, presents on “A Poverty of Hope: Towards a Psychologyof Humanitarian Success”, discussing how programmes and implementations can meet both physical and psychological needs andhow taking into account psychology can enhance humanitarian success and achieve far more than simply extending life.
Bottom left: In a Featured Panel Presentation at The Asian Conference on Ethics, Religion & Philosophy 2017 (ACERP2017), Professor
Koji Higashikawa of Kanazawa University, Japan, engages the audience on the subject of free speech and hate speech in the context
of the conference theme, “History, Story, Narrative”. Bottom middle: In the same ACERP2017 Featured Panel Presentation, Shiki
Tomimasu discusses the important ethical issues surrounding Japan’s recent Hate Speech legislation, drawing on his experience at
Kanagawa Law Office, Japan. Bottom right: In a Featured Panel Presentation entitled “Perspectives on Natural Religion” Professor
Thomas Brian Mooney of Charles Darwin University, Australia, discusses key commonalities in the theory and practice of Natural
Religion at ACERP2017.

70 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORThe IAFOR Dubai Conference Series was held in February 2017 at the The InterContinental Festival City Event Centre in Dubai, UAE.
This interdisciplinary event considered the joint themes of “Educating for Change” and “East Meets West: Innovation and Discovery”.
Top left: Professor Donald E. Hall, Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Lehigh University, USA, gives a compelling Keynote
Presentation at The IAFOR International Conference on Education – Dubai 2017 (IICEDubai2017) on “Interdisciplinary Education
for Innovation and Change”. Professor Hall is Vice-President of IAFOR. Top right: IICEDubai2017 Keynote Speaker Professor
Christina Gitsaki of Zayed University, UAE, addresses delegates on the topic of “Education: A Supertanker in an Ocean of Change
and Innovation”, discussing change in education from a number of different perspectives, at The IAFOR International Conference on
Education – Dubai 2017 (IICEDubai2017).
Below left: In a Featured Presentation at The IAFOR International Conference on Education – Dubai 2017, Dr Fadi Aloul speaks onbringing education to schools and universities to help create future innovators. Dr Fadi Aloul is Professor and Department Headof Computer Science and Engineering and the Director of the HP Institute at the American University of Sharjah (AUS), UAE. Belowright: As a Featured Speaker at the same conference, Dr Sufian Abu-Rmaileh of UAE University, UAE, presents on “Leadership Skills& Styles for Successful Administrators”. Dr Abu-Rmaileh is President of TA Toastmasters and former President of TESOL Arabia.
Bottom left: In a lively Featured Presentation at The IAFOR International Conference on the Social Sciences – Dubai 2017, Dr
Virginia Bodolica, American University of Sharjah, UAE, discusses “Managing for Innovation and Sustainability: Lessons from theGulf Region”, illustrating the recent accomplishments of several Gulf-based nations in espousing the principles of the knowledgebased economy and delineating strategic priorities for attaining sustainable development goals. Bottom right: Dr Christine Coombeof Dubai Men’s College, UAE, gives a Featured Presentation as part of The IAFOR International Conference on Education – Dubai
2017 on educators’ productivity, sharing the results of a research project investigating how the most productive TESOLers “fit it allin” and attain the ever-elusive work-life balance.

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In January 2017, The IAFOR Hawaii Conference Series 2017 was held at The Hawai‘i Convention Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, as
two consecutive events on the themes of “East Meets West: Innovation and Discovery” and “Educating for Change”.
Top left: Professor William G. Staples of the University of Kansas, USA, speaks on “Everyday Surveillance: A Case Study ofStudent Information Systems” at The IAFOR International Conference on the Social Sciences – Hawaii 2017 (IICSSHawaii2017).
Professor Staples is well known internationally for his work in the areas of social control and surveillance. Top right: In her Keynote
Presentation at The IAFOR International Conference on Sustainability, Energy & the Environment – Hawaii 2017 (IICSEEHawaii2017),
Dr Jaimey Hamilton Faris of the University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA, introduces the audience to the concept of “liquid archives”. Her
academic writing focuses on issues of global trade networks and systems, environmentalism and sustainability in contemporaryart, especially in the Asia-Pacific context.
Below left: Featured Presenter Donna McIntire-Byrd discusses eco-diplomacy and water conservation at The IAFOR International
Conference on Sustainability, Energy & the Environment – Hawaii 2017 (IICSEEHawaii2017). Donna McIntire-Byrd serves as Chiefof the Energy & Sustainable Design Unit for the US Department of State Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations. Below right: In a
Keynote Presentation, Dr Linda Furuto of the University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA, addresses the audience at The IAFOR International
Conference on Education – Hawaii 2017 (IICEHawaii2017) on the topic of “Pacific Ethnomathematics: Navigating Ancient Wisdom
and Modern Connections”.
Bottom left: Professor Curtis Ho of the University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA, sits on a Featured Panel that explored how we educate forpositive change, striking a balance between the need to challenge while also respect and preserve local and indigenous cultures andtheir languages, at The IAFOR International Conference on Education – Hawaii 2017 (IICEHawaii2017). Bottom right: In a Featured
Presentation at The IAFOR International Conference on Technology in the Classroom – Hawaii 2017 (IICTCHawaii2017), Dr Kristin
Palmer discusses the use of open educational resources (OER) and massive open online courses (MOOCs). Dr Kristin Palmer is the
Director of Online Learning Programs at the University of Virginia, USA.

72 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORAbove: Aunty Kehaulani Lum and Uncle Bruce Keaulani of the Living Life Source Foundation, Hawaii, demonstrate a traditional
Hawaiian greeting at IICEHawaii2017.
Below left: Distinguished psychologist Professor Michael B. Salzman of the University of Hawaii at Manoa speaks as part ofa Featured Panel on “Aloha as a Way of Being: Hawaiian Perspectives on Learning” at The IAFOR International Conference on
Education – Hawaii 2017 (IICEHawaii2017). Below right: Dr Xu Di, also of the University of Hawaii at Manoa, addresses the audienceas part of the same IICEHawaii2017 Featured Panel. Dr Di’s recent publications focus on bridging Eastern and Western philosophy
for educational practices.
Bottom left: Professor Ken Urano, Featured Speaker at The IAFOR International Conference on Language Learning – Hawaii 2017
(IICLLHawaii2017), presents on the topic of “Developing and Implementing an English for Specific Purposes Syllabus for Business
Majors in Japan”. Professor Urano is a member of the Faculty of Business Administration, Hokkai-Gakuen University, in Sapporo,
Japan, where he mainly teaches English to business students. Bottom right: In a Featured Presentation on statistics in the cognitive/
risk era, award-winning research scientist and innovator Dr Nathaniel Newlands of the University of Victoria, Canada, discusses theincreasingly critical role statistics plays in unravelling the complexity of our world at The IAFOR International Conference on theSocial Sciences – Hawaii 2017 (IICSSHawaii2017).

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The Asia-Pacific Conference on Security and International Relations 2016 (APSec2016) brought together a range of academics,
policymakers and practitioners to discuss the evolving issues in security and international relations in the Asia-Pacific, a volatileregion in which states and peoples fight for power, influence, resources and basic human rights.
Above left: Ambassador Yukio Satoh gives his Keynote Presentation entitled “Shifting Strategic Balance and Asian Security” at
APSec2016. Former Permanent Representative of Japan to the United Nations and former ambassador of Japan to Australia and theNetherlands, Yukio Satoh is now based at the Japan Institute of International Affairs, Japan. Above right: Current President of the
Asian Political and International Studies Association (APISA) and Associate Dean of the Graduate School of International Studies,
Ewha Womans University, South Korea, Professor Brendan Howe welcomes delegates to APSec2016, held jointly with APISA’s tenthannual congress in Osaka, Japan.
Below left: In a Keynote Presentation at APSec2016, Professor Jun Arima, based at the Graduate School of Public Policy, Universityof Tokyo, Japan, speaks on Asia’s energy outlook. Professor Arima was Director General of the Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO), London, UK, and Special Advisor on Global Environmental Affairs for the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) in
Japan from 2011 to 2015. Below right: Keynote Speaker Xingzui Wang, Executive Vice-President of the China Foundation for Poverty
Alleviation, addresses delegates at the Plenary Session of APSec2016 on fighting poverty in China.

74 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORAbove left: Did news coverage create the man or did the man create the news coverage? Professor Gary Swanson discusses therise of Donald Trump at at The Asian Conference on Media & Mass Communication 2016 (MediAsia2016). Professor Swanson hasreceived more than 75 awards for broadcast excellence including three EMMYs. Above middle: Grand Prize Winner of the IAFOR
Documentary Film Award 2016, PLACEBO: ALT. RUSSIA – a documentary which explores the alternative cultures that are present
within Russia’s major cities, directed by Charlie Targett-Adams and announced at The Asian Conference on Film & Documentary 2016
(FilmAsia2016) in Kobe, Japan. IAFOR is proud to support the IAFOR Documentary Film Award, a global competition celebrating thebest in documentary filmmaking. Documentary has a rich history of exposing truths, telling stories, raising awareness and creating
discussion – all practices valued at IAFOR. Above right: Professor Richard Roth of Northwestern University’s Medill School of
Journalism, Media, Integrated Marketing Communications delivers his Keynote Presentation on contemporary issues in journalism
at MediAsia2016.
Below: The International Academic Forum is proud to be based in Japan, and we organise a number of events throughout the yearthat showcase the best of Japanese culture, ranging from the raw power of the taiko drums to the understated beauty of the tea
ceremony, from martial arts demonstrations by world class masters to hands-on calligraphy workshops by university clubs andhaiku workshops by leading poets. Built into our conference programmes, this range of activities gives delegates a taste of Japan’srich and unique culture.

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Above left: Addressing delegates at The Asian Conference on Education 2016 (ACE2016), Dr Peter McCagg gives a Keynote Presentation
entitled “International Liberal Arts: Meeting Japan’s Higher Education Needs in the Global and Digital Era”. In his talk he identified
dimensions of the university experience in Japan that can and need to be strengthened in order to create coherence and integrity instudents’ intellectual experiences. Dr McCagg is the Vice President for Academic Affairs at Akita International University, Japan. Aboveright: In her Keynote Presentation, Professor Insung Jung of the International Christian University, Japan, examines the ways MOOCs arebeing used by individual learners and university systems, and their impact on access, quality and cost in higher education, at The Asian
Conference on Society, Education and Technology 2016 (ACSET2016).
Below: Professor Grant Black (below top left), Vice-President of The International Academic Forum (IAFOR), chairs a Featured Symposium
entitled “The Globalisation Process for University Education in Japan” at The Asian Conference on Education 2016 (ACE2016) in Kobe,
Japan. Professor Grant Black is an associate professor in the program for Modern Languages and Cultures, Faculty of Humanities and Social
Sciences at the University of Tsukuba, and an adjunct lecturer in the Faculty of Commerce at Chuo University, Japan. The symposium aimed
to integrate education theory and research with the context of long-term social processes in order to address policy reform and structuralchange in Japanese universities, and contributors included Dr Fumiko Kurihara of Chuo University (below top middle), Dr Maria Gabriela
Schmidt of the University of Tsukuba (below top right), Dr Yasuo Nakatani of Hosei University (below bottom left), Dr Yukiko Mishina of the
University of Tokyo, Japan (below center middle) and Dr Reiko Yamada of Doshisha University (below bottom right), all based in Japan.

76 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORAbove left: At The IAFOR International Conference on the City 2016 (City2016), renowned critic and theorist Professor Bill Ashcroft of
the University of New South Wales, Australia, gives a Keynote Presentation on the concept of the Transnation. Above centre: Alonso
Carnicer, a news reporter at TV3, the Catalan Television channel, and Keynote Speaker at City2016, discusses his Catalan Television
documentary, Shanty Towns, the Forgotten City, which tells the story of impoverished settlements in Barcelona. Above right: Novelist,
playwright and poet Gloria Montero, Global2016 Featured Speaker, delivers a talk entitled “Filling in the Lonely, Empty Places” at The
IAFOR International Conference on Global Studies 2016 (Global2016).
Below: An image from the series Life After Injury by Ukrainian photojournalist Alexey Furman, Grand Prize Winner of the 2016 IAFOR
Documentary Photography Award. “With this project I would like to raise awareness on a growing number of war veterans in Ukraine.”
Winners were announced at The European Conference on Media, Communication & Film 2016 (EuroMedia2016) in Brighton, England. As
an organisation, IAFOR’s mission is to promote international exchange, facilitate intercultural awareness, encourage interdisciplinary
discussion, and generate and share new knowledge. In keeping with this mission, in appreciation of the great value of photography
as a medium that can be shared across borders of language, culture and nation, and to influence and inform our academic work andprogrammes, the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award was launched as a competition that would help underline the importanceof the organisation’s aims, and would promote and recognise best practice and excellence. In support of up-and-coming talent, the
IAFOR Documentary Photography Award is free to enter. For more information about the award please visit: www.iaforphotoaward.org.

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Above left: In her role as Keynote Speaker at The European Conference on Arts & Humanities 2016 (ECAH2016), Professor Anne
Boddington explores the idea of the “stained glass ceiling”, by examining the challenge of achieving effective intersectionality
through gender and ethnic inequalities. Anne Boddington is Professor of Design Innovation and Dean of the College of Arts andHumanities. Above right: Professor Sanja Bahun of the University of Essex, UK, addresses the part played by the arts, and literary
art in particular, in transitional societies, in a Keynote Presentation at The European Conference on Literature & Librarianship 2016
(LibEuro2016). Professor Sanja Bahun's area of expertise is international modernism, and her research interests include theory ofcomparative arts, world literature, psychoanalysis, and women's and gender studies.
Below left: Jared Baxter, ECAH2016 Keynote Speaker and Vincent van Gogh researcher, presents on “Vincent van Gogh’s Symbolist
Art”. Below right: Dr Eddie Bruce-Jones of Birkbeck College School of Law, University of London, UK, explores the tensions andpossibilities inherent in interdisciplinary work at the junction of the legal, the social-scientific and the literary, in his Keynote
Presentation at The European Conference on the Social Sciences 2016 (ECSS2016). Bottom left: Toshihiko Sakaguchi, EBMC2016
Keynote Speaker and Director-General of JETRO London, gives a talk entitled “Japanese Economy and Business Opportunities”
during the Plenary Session of The European Business & Management Conference 2016 (EBMC2016). Bottom right: At The European
Conference on Politics, Economics & Law 2016 (ECPEL2016), Professor Michael Clarke, Keynote Speaker and Former Director
General of the Royal United Services Institute, discusses the way in which the essential rules of international politics were formed
and those states and societies that shaped them.

78 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORAbove left: Speaking on the dialectics of communication, Professor Svetlana Ter-Minasova presents during the Plenary Session at
The European Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences 2016 (ECP2016). Professor Ter-Minasova is President of theFaculty of Foreign Languages and Area Studies at Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia. Above right: Dr Amy Azano, Keynote
Speaker at The European Conference on Education 2016 (ECE2016), gives an animated presentation entitled “Leveraging Place andMoving Toward Glocalized Learning”.
Below left: In a Keynote Presentation on reducing fear, increasing confidence and reaching students who think that learning is anordeal, Ken Wilson, a teacher trainer, and published author of a large amount of ELT materials, outlines how some simple group andgame activities can serve as confidence builders for students at The European Conference on Language Learning 2016 (ECLL2016).
Below right: At The European Conference on Language Learning 2016 (ECLL2016), Keynote Speaker Professor Jean-Marc Dewaele
argues that these non-linguistic benefits of language learning are illustrations of multicompetence. Jean-Marc Dewaele is Professorof Applied Linguistics and Multilingualism at Birkbeck, University of London.
Bottom left & right: IAFOR’s European Conference Series is held in Brighton, UK, and features an optional tour of Bateman’s, theJacobean home of The Jungle Book author Rudyard Kipling, and the spectacular Hever Castle and gardens, once home to Anne
Boleyn, Henry VIII’s second wife.

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Above left: Dr James McNally of the University of Michigan, USA, is Director of the NACDA Program on Aging, a data archive
containing over 1,500 studies related to health and the aging lifecourse. As Featured Speaker & Conference Co-Chair for The Asian
Conference on Aging & Gerontology 2016 (AGen2016), he delivers a Featured Presentation on the individual and societal benefits for
caregivers to elderly family members. Professor McNally is is Vice-President of The International Academic Forum (IAFOR). Aboveright: Professor Jun Arima, of the Graduate School of Public Policies, University of Tokyo, Japan, gives a Keynote Presentationon the significance of the Paris Agreement in the history of climate negotiation, its major points and Japan’s action, at The Asian
Conference on Sustainability, Energy and the Environment 2016 (ACSEE2016).
Below left: As Keynote Speaker at AGen2016, Professor Hiroshi Ishida discusses social survey data sets and data-archiving activities
in Japan and introduces the Social Science Japan Data Archive (SSJDA).Hiroshi Ishida is Professor of Sociology at the Instituteof Social Sciences, University of Tokyo. Below right: Michael Alfant, President Emeritus of the American Chamber of Commercein Japan and Group President and CEO of Fusions Systems Group, headquartered in Tokyo, listens attentively during the Plenary
Session of the The Asian Business & Management Conference 2016 (ABMC2016) in Kobe, Japan.
Bottom left: Traditional Awa Odori dance performance at The Asian Conference on the Social Sciences 2016 (ACSS2016). Bottom
right: The Conference Welcome Reception provides an excellent opportunity for delegates to network and get to know each other.

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Reviewers& Presenters#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 81

ACCS2017

Review Committee
Dr Cecilia Fe Sta Maria-Abalos
University of the Philippines Baguio, The Philippines
Dr Eun Joo Kim
New York University Shanghai, China
Dr Lourdes Nieva
Central Bicol State University of AgricultureSipocot, The Philippines

Dr Padmaja Kamat
Pes Shri Ravi Sitaram Naik College of Arts
and Science, India
Dr Shulin Chiang
Chinese Culture University, Taiwan
Professor Teresa Chen
California State University, Long Beach, USA

ACCS2017

Senior Reviewers
Dr Pan Liu
Singapore Management University, Singapore
Professor Shu-Chung Lii
Chang Gung University, Taiwan
Dr Alexandre Avdulov
Saint Mary's University, Canada
Dr Angela Turner-Wilson
Bournemouth University, UK
Dr Lawrence Besra
World Vision Bangladesh, Bangladesh
Dr Wanzhen Fang
Nanfang College of Sun Yat-Sen University, China
Professor Wai-Chung HoHong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
Dr Anand Wadwekar
School of Planning and Architecture Bhopal, India

Professor Jungman Park
Hankuk University of Foreign Studies,South Korea
Professor Na'ama Sheffi
Sapir College, Israel
Dr Adriano Balagot
City University of Marikina, The Philippines
Dr Shuo Lee
Open University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Dr Jea Sophia Oh
West Chester University of Pennsylvania, USA
Dr Yoshihiko Yamamoto
Shizuoka University, Japan
Neda Mohammad
Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand

ACCS2017
Reviewers

Professor Shiaw-Chian Fong
National Chengchi University, Taiwan
Dr Carlos III Piocos
De La Salle University, The Philippines
Dr Lelar Treeaekanukul
Chiang Rai Rajabhat University, Thailand
Professor Weimin Delcroix-Tang
Sanya University, China
Dr Mary Rose Geraldine Sarausad
Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
Dr Szu-Yu Ruby Chen
Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan

82 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFOR

July Hidayat
University of Pelita Harapan, Indonesia
Dr Serhat Yetimova
Maltepe University, Turkey
Dr Hyewon Ryu
Ewha Woman’s University, Republic of Korea
Neyir Zerey
Middle East Technical University, Turkey
Dr Wai Han Lo
Heng Sang Management College, Hong Kong
Dr Eugenia Charoni
Flagler College, USA

ACAS2017

Review Committee
Dr Elena Kolesova
Unitec Institute of Technology, New Zealand
Dr Felix Tan
Singapore Institute of Management,
Global Education, Singapore

Dr Ma. Junithesmer Rosales
Polytechnic University of the Philippines,
The Philippines

ACAS2017

Senior Reviewers
Professor Jimmy Soria
University of Northern Philippines,
The Philippines
Dr Kam Yee Law
The Education University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong
Professor Mohsen Negm
Cairo University, Egypt
Dr Timothy Iles
University of Victoria, Canada

Dr Farida Tadjine
University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, Algeria
Dr Bianca Yin-Ki Cheung
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,
Hong Kong
Dr Yu Yi-Ming
National Defense University, Taiwan

ACAS2017
Reviewers

Dr Pawel Zygadlo
Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China
Yan Li
City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Dr Venus Viana
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Dr D. I. Ansusa Putra
State Islamic Institute, Indonesia

Professor Rohini Samarasinghe
University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
Dr Roselyn Bustos
Cebu Technological University, The Philippines
Dr Lily Zamir
The David Yellin Academic Collegeof Education, Israel

IICJ2017

Senior Reviewers
Professor Anthony Rausch
Hirosaki University, JapanDr Marlon Delupio
De La Salle University, The Philippines

Dr Mirzosaid Sultonov
Tohoku University of Community Service
and Science, Japan

Thank YouIAFOR depends on the assistance of a large number of international academics and practitioners who contribute in a variety ofways to our shared mission of promoting international exchange, facilitating intercultural awareness, encouraging interdisciplinary
discussion and generating and sharing new knowledge. Our academic events would not be what they are without a commitment
to ensuring that international norms of peer review are observed for our presentation abstracts. With thousands of abstracts
submitted each year for presentation at our conferences, IAFOR relies on academics around the world to ensure a fair and timely
peer review process in keeping with established international norms of double-blind peer review.
We are grateful for the time, effort and expertise donated by all our contributors.

#IAFOR | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | IAFOR.ORG | 83

Submit your research to the
IAFOR Journal of Asian Studies• Fair and rigorous peer
review process• No submission or
publication fees
• Editorially independent• Freely available online
to a global academic
audience

The IAFOR Journal of Asian Studies is an internationally reviewed andeditorially independent interdisciplinary journal associated with IAFOR’s
international conferences on Asian Studies. Like all IAFOR publications, it
is freely available to read online, and is free of publication fees for authors.
The IAFOR Journal of Asian Studies is calling for submissions.
Volume 4 Issue 1
Submission deadline: August 31, 2017
Target publication date: Spring 2018
For details of how to submit your paper, view the Author Guidelines
on the journal website: ijas.iafor.org

Introducing IAFOR’s Academic
Grants & Scholarships
IAFOR is dedicated to helping young scholars achieve their research and academic
goals, while also encouraging them to apply the principles of interdisciplinary study
to their work. From spring 2017 IAFOR is offering travel and accommodation grants
and full or partial scholarships covering conference registration fees to PhD students
and early career academics who might not otherwise have the financial resources tobe able to attend our academic conferences.

Who can receive an IAFOR grant or scholarship?
Awards are based on the appropriateness of the educational opportunity in relation
to the applicant’s field of study, financial need, and contributions to their community
and to IAFOR’s mission of interdisciplinarity. Scholarships will be awarded based on
availability of funds from IAFOR and will vary with each conference.

How are recipients of an IAFOR grant or scholarship selected?
The Organising Committee of the relevant IAFOR conference will award scholarships toeligible applicants who have submitted exceptional abstracts that have passed the blind
peer review process and have been accepted for presentation at one of our conferences.

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If you are eligible for an IAFOR grant or scholarship and would like to be considered,please submit your abstract to the conference you would like to attend and select thecheckbox for the relevant award during the submission process. Abstracts must be
submitted by the initial submission deadline of the relevant conference in order tobe considered for funding. Applicants will be notified of results within three to fourweeks of the initial submission deadline.
For more information please visit

www.iafor.org/financial-support

A-Z Index of Presenters
Al-fadhli, Salah
Kuwait University, Kuwait
Arimitsu, Yasue
Doshisha University, Japan
Avdulov, AlexandreSaint Mary's University, Canada
Baguisi, Maria Margarita
De La Salle University, The Philippines
Ballyn, Sue
University of Barcelona, Spain
Briel, Holger
Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, China
Burch, Karly
University of Otago, New ZealandCao, Kim Lan
Las Palmas University, Spain
Carbonell, Joyce Keithly
Lal-Lo National High School
The Philippines
Chan, David
Singapore Management University,
Singapore
Chapman, David
University of Queensland, Australia
Chen, Szu-Yu Ruby
Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan
Chen, Yan-Ru
Yuan Ze University, Taiwan
Cheung, Bianca Yin-Ki
The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University, Hong Kong
Choi, KimburleyCity University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Choi, Sunkyung
University of North Korean Studies,South Korea
Dale, Catherine
Chou University, Japan
Dasgupta, Romit
University of Western Australia, Australia
Delcroix-Tang, Weimin
Sanya University, China
Delupio, Marlon
De La Salle University, Manila,
The Philippines
Desai, Gaurav
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
Du, Junge
The Education Universityof Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Edward, David
Nagoya University, Japan
Etom, Rey
Mindanao State University – Iligan
Institute of Technology, The Philippines
Fang, Wanzhen
Nanfang Clllege of Sun Yat-Sen
University, China

p. 63
p. 26
p. 47
p. 56
p. 25
p. 57
p. 54
p. 66
p. 37
p. 41
p. 60
p. 37
p. 59
p. 39
p. 63
p. 45
p. 42
p. 40
p. 47
p. 56
p. 23
p. 46
p. 55
p. 58
p. 44

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Farina, Felice
Kyoto University, Japan
Filler, Stephen
Oakland University, USA
Fong, Shiaw-ChianNational Chengchi University, Taiwan
Fu, Qinwen
Wuhan University, China
Grageda, Ciedelle
MSU-IIT, The Philippines
Ha, Miu Yin
The University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong
Hall, Donald E.
Lehigh University, USA
Hidayat, July
University of Pelita Harapan, Indonesia
Ho, Virgil Kit-Yiu
Hong Kong University of Scienceand Technology, Hong Kong
Ho, Wai-Chung
Hong Kong Baptist University,
Hong Kong
Hong, Seung Min
University of Iowa, USA
Hsiao, Jerry I. H.
University of Macau, Macao
Hull, Kerry
Brigham Young University, USA
Iles, Timothy
University of Victoria, Canada
Irons, Edward
Hong Kong Institute for Culture,
Commerce and Religion, Hong Kong
Kelso-Marsh, Caleb
The University of Western Australia,
Australia
Kim, Koonyong
University of San Diego, USA
Kulkarni, Madhura Milind
School of Planning and Architecture
Bhopal, India
Kuo, Li-An
National Changhua Universityof Education, Taiwan
Law, Kam Yee
The Education University ofHong Kong, Hong Kong
Lee, Hanbit
Yonsei University, South Korea
Lee, Shuo
Open University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Lei, Chin-Pang
University of Macau, Macao
Li, Xiaomeng
Ohio University, USA
Li, Yan
City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

p. 52
p. 43
p. 61
p. 37
p. 36
p. 46
p. 26
p. 66
p. 39
p. 58
p. 47
p. 40
p. 49
p. 60
p. 47
p. 38
p. 44
p. 54
p. 63
p. 53
p. 55
p. 63
p. 62
p. 61
p. 59

A-Z Index of Presenters
Liao, Yu-Ting
National Chengchi University, Taiwan
Lii, Shu-Chung
School of Medicine, Chang Gung
University, Taiwan
Lii, Shu-Chung
School of Medicine, Chang Gung
University, Taiwan
Lin, YulingShih-Hsin University, Taiwan
Liu, Pan
Singapore Management University,
Singapore
Lynch, John
Karlstad University, Sweden
Narjinari-Hartnett, Esther
Independent Scholar/Researcher, UAE
Oh, Jea Sophia
West Chester University, USA
Oishi, Akane
University of Tsukuba, Japan
Overell, Rosemary
The University of Otago, New Zealand
Palmer, Sera
University of Tokyo, Japan
Park, Jungman
Hankuk University of Foreign
Studies, South Korea
Park, Mi-Sook
University of Sheffield, UK
Park, Sojeong
Seoul National University, South Korea
Putri, Megawati Rosalio
Indonesia Defense University,
Indonesia
Rattanawong, Amonrat
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Rausch, Anthony
Hirosaki University, Japan
Ray, Anwesha
Manipal University, India
Refalda-Mercaida, Susan
De La Salle University-Dasmarinas,
The Philippines
Riconalla, Enrico
Mindanao State University – Iligan
Institute of Technology, The Philippines
Rodliyah, Siti
Universitas Sebelas Maret ofSurakarta, Indonesia
Ryu, Hyewon
Ewha Womans University, South Korea
Sa, Haoxuan
University of Helsinki, Finland
Santos, Janine Patricia
Fo Guang College, The Philippines
Sedzielarz, Aleksander
University of Minnesota, USA

p. 34
p. 62
p. 62
p. 34
p. 41
p. 38
p. 57
p. 63
p. 56
p. 62
p. 43
p. 44
p. 61
p. 42
p. 48
p. 57
p. 60
p. 49
p. 46
p. 36
p. 54
p. 38
p. 59

Semilla, J-Roel
Mindanao State University – Iligan
Institute of Technology, The Philippines
Sheffi, Na'Ama
Sapir College, Israel
Shih, Yi-Chin
Tamkang University, Taiwan
Shirota, Yukari
Gakushuin University, Japan
Sidjabat, Christine Anggi
Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia
Silor, Adelfa
Mindanao State University – Iligan
Institute of Technology, The Philippines
Sultonov, Mirzosaid
Tohoku University of Community
Service and Science, Japan
Tadjine, Farida
University of Kasdi Merbah
Ouargla, Algeria
Tan, Felix
Singapore Institute of Management,
Singapore
Turner-Wilson, Angela
Bournemouth University, UK
Van Haesendonck, Kristian
University of Antwerp, Belgium
Viana, Venus
Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong
Victoria, Brian
Oxford Center for Buddhist Studies, UK
Wadwekar, Anand
School of Planning and Architecture
Bhopal, India
Wang, Chilin
National Taiwan University of
Science and Technology, Taiwan
Wang, Zhuoyi
Hamilton College, USA
Watai, Yuki
University of Warwick, UK
Yamamoto, Yoshihiko
Shizuoka University, Japan
Yano, Yuriko
Gakushuin University, Japan
Yasumoto, Seiko
The University of Sydney, Australia
Yeung, Wilson Chun Wai
RMIT University, Australia
Zygadlo, Pawel
Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool
University, China

p. 36
p. 41
p. 42
p. 44
p. 48
p. 36
p. 60
p. 53
p. 53
p. 41
p. 49
p. 39
p. 24
p. 54
p. 40
p. 45
p. 52
p. 58
p. 46
p. 38
p. 66
p. 45

p. 61
p. 45
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Upcoming Events

www.iafor.org/conferences
The International Academic Forum (IAFOR) welcomes academics from all over the world to our interdisciplinary conferences held in Asia,
Europe, North America and the Middle East. Our events provide a unique international, intercultural and interdisciplinary environment
in which to hear the latest world-class research and network with leading academics, professionals and practitioners. By facilitating
dialogue between the world’s academics and thought leaders, IAFOR has become a pioneer in providing the research avenues and visionary
development solutions that are necessary in our rapidly emerging globalised world. We welcome you to engage in this expanding global
academic community of individuals and network of institutions, and look forward to seeing you at one of our future events.

Kobe, Japan, 2017
June 8–11

The Asian Conference on the Social Sciences(acss.iafor.org)
The Asian Conference Sustainability, Energy & the Environment(acsee.iafor.org)
The Asian Conference on Aging & Gerontology(agen.iafor.org)

October 19–22

The Asian Conference on Education– includes The Asian Undergraduate Research Symposium(ace.iafor.org)

October 27–29

The Asian Conference on Media, Communication & Film(mediasia.iafor.org)

Brighton, UK, 2017
June 30 – July 2

The European Conference on Education(ece.iafor.org)
The European Conference on Language Learning(ecll.iafor.org)

July 4–5

The European Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences(ecp.iafor.org)
The European Conference on Ethics, Religion & Philosophy(ecerp.iafor.org)

July 7–9

The European Conference on the Social Sciences(ecss.iafor.org)
The European Conference on Sustainability, Energy & the Environment(ecsee.iafor.org)

July 11–12

The European Conference on Arts & Humanities(ecah.iafor.org)
The European Conference on Media, Communication & Film
(euromedia.iafor.org)
92 | IAFOR.ORG | ACCS/ACAS/IICJ2017 | #IAFORUpcoming Events

www.iafor.org/conferences

Barcelona, Spain, 2017
July 14–16

The IAFOR International Conference on the City
(city.iafor.org)
The IAFOR International Conference on Global Studies(global.iafor.org)

Hawaii, USA, 2018
January 4–6

The IAFOR International Conference on Education – Hawaii(iicehawaii.iafor.org)
The IAFOR International Conference on Sustainability, Energy & the Environment – Hawaii(iicseehawaii.iafor.org)

Dubai, UAE, 2018
February 16–18

The IAFOR International Conference on Education – Dubai(iicedubai.iafor.org)
The IAFOR International Conference on Social Sciences – Dubai(iicssdubai.iafor.org)

Kobe, Japan, 2018
March 22–24

The Asian Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences(acp.iafor.org)
The Asian Conference on Ethics, Religion & Philosophy(acerp.iafor.org)

March 26–28

The Asian Conference on Education & International Development(aceid.iafor.org)

March 30 – April 1

The Asian Conference on Arts & Humanities(acah.iafor.org)
The Asian Conference on Literature(librasia.iafor.org)

April 27–30

The Asian Conference on Language Learning(acll.iafor.org)
The Asian Conference on Technology in the Classroom(actc.iafor.org)

iafor.org
iaforjapan@iaforiafor
Cover Image | From the Old to the New World shows
German emigrants boarding a steamer in Hamburg to
New York. Published in Harper’s Weekly (New York),
November 7, 1874.
Programme Design by Thaddeus Pope, IAFOR Media