Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Introduction to 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National
Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Expert Meeting: Application of 2006 IPCC Guidelines to Other Areas
1-3 July 2014
Sofia, Bulgaria
Baasansuren Jamsranjav
Technical Support Unit, IPCC TFIEvolution of the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse
Gas (GHG) Inventories
Currently, all the Parties use these under the
UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol.
Annex I Parties shall use GPG.
Non-Annex I Parties areencouraged to use GPG.

1995 IPCCGuidelines

GPG2000

Annex I Parties mustuse from 2015

GPG2003(non-LULUCF) (LULUCF)

Revised 1996
IPCC Guidelines

Revision/Update by the IPCC

2006 IPCCGuidelines

Basic Method

E  EF  AD
Where:
E = Emission or removals
EF = Emission Factor (a coefficient that quantifies the emissions orremovals of a gas per unit activity)
AD = Activity Data (data on the magnitude of a human activity resulting
in emissions or removals taking place during a given period of time)Three Methodological Tiers
Tier 3: Higher order methods
Detailed modeling and/or inventory measurement systems
Data at a greater resolution
Tier 2: A more accurate approachBased on Tier 1 with country or region-specific values for thegeneral defaults, greater stratification
More disaggregated activity data
Tier 1 : Simple first order approach
Default values of the parameters from the IPCC guidelines
Spatially coarse default data based on globally available dataNational GHG Inventories
Time Series
Annual –Calendar year

Anthropogenic

National
Territory

NationalInventory

Complete – All
Sources &Sinks,
SpecifiedGases

Main Sources
Carbon Dioxide(CO2)• Fuel Combustion• Deforestation

Methane (CH4)• Oil and Gas Leakage• Livestock

Nitrous Oxide(N2O)• Industrial Sources• Fertiliser Use

Fluorinated gases • Industrial Processes(HFC, PFC, SF6) • Refrigeration and Fire Extinguishers

Major Improvements• Four sectors: Energy, Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU),
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU), Waste―

In the 2006 IPCC Guidelines source/sink categories have been
restructured to reduce possibilities for double counting or omissions
 Agriculture + LULUCF  AFOLU Industrial Processes + Solvent Use  IPPU

• Have improved methods and default data―

The “potential emissions” approaches replaced with methods ofestimation of actual annual emissions• Guidance is given on more sources and sinks―

Cover more greenhouse gases (GHG) and methods• Integrate Good Practice Guidance (GPG)―

Updated and expanded guidance (e.g. data collection)• Require similar resourcesEstimation of Actual Annual Emissions• In the Revised 1996 Guidelines and GPG for a few sources, the simplest
methodology estimates a “potential emission” rather than the actual annualemission– This “potential emission” assumes all the emissions from an activity occur in the current
year, ignoring the fact they will occur over many years (e.g. methane emissions fromwaste in landfills occur over decades as the decay processes take place).

• In the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, simple default methods estimate emissions
when they occur, thus removing the need for potential emissions• The removal of potential emission estimates also allows the emission
reductions of abatement techniques to be properly estimated and ensuresthat the Tier 1 methods are compatible with higher tier methods

New Guidance in 2006 IPCC Guidelines
Fuel Combustion
CO2 -Transport and StorageUrea-based Catalysts (Road Transport)
Fugitive Emissions from Fuels
Abandoned Underground Mines
Mineral Industry
Glass Production
Ceramics
Non Metallurgical Magnesia Production
Chemical Industry
Caprolactam, Glyoxal & Glyoxylic Acid
Titanium Dioxide Production
Petrochemical and Carbon Black Production
Metal Industry
Lead Production
Zinc Production
Electronics Industries
Integrated Circuit or Semiconductor
TFT Flat Panel Display
Photovoltaics
Heat Transfer
9 Fluid

Other Product Manufacture and Use
Electrical Equipment
Military Applications
Accelerators
Medical Applications
Propellant for Pressure and Aerosol Products
Substitutes for Ozone Depleting Substances
Land Use
Complete, consistent treatment of fires
Settlements remaining Settlements
Some wetlands categories
Urea Application
Indirect N2O Emissions from Manure
Harvested Wood Products
Waste
Open Burning of Waste
Biological Treatment of Solid Waste
Other
Indirect N2O Emissions from the AtmosphericDeposition of N (excluding agriculture)

“New” gases in 2006 IPCC Guidelines

✔

✔

✔

✔
✔

“New” gases
only fromthese subcategories

✔

✔

✔

✔

✔

✔

✔

✔
✔

CH2Cl2, CH3Cl✔

C3F7C(O)C2F5
C4F6, C5F8, c-C4F8O

GWP in AR4

CF3I, CH2Br2, CHCl3

HalogenatedCompounds
Production

halogenated ethers (e.g. C4F9OC2H5,
CHF2OCF2OC2F4OCHF2, CHF2OCF2OCHF2)

Magnesiumproduction✔

nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)
trifluoromethyl sulphur pentafluoride (SF5CF3)

Electronics
Industries

Industrial
Processes

HFC, PFC, SF6

All Sectors

CO2, CH4, N2O

✔

✔
✔

✔

Good Practice Guidance• Good practice is a set of procedures intended to ensure that greenhouseinventories are accurate in the sense that they are systematically neither
over- nor underestimates so far as can be judged, and thatuncertainties are reduced so far as is possible.
• Good practice inventories are transparent, complete, consistent,comparable and accurate (TCCCA)• The IPCC Guidelines provide good practice guidance for developing
accurate inventory estimates and NOT conservative estimates (e.g., CDM
projects make use of the idea of conservative estimates in many cases)• Conservativeness is a way of ensuring that when completeness or
accuracy of estimates cannot be achieved, emissions or removals should
not be underestimated or overestimated respectively, or at least the riskof underestimation/overestimation should be minimized

Good Practice Guidance (GPG) and Methodologies• The 2006 IPCC Guidelines refined good practice ensuring it is applied
uniformly across the entire inventory with sectoral guidanceNew Supplements to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines• The TFI has developed two additional methodology reports in responseto the invitations from UNFCCC
2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories: Wetlands (Wetlands Supplement)
 To fill gaps in the coverage of wetlands and organic soils in the 2006 IPCCGuidelines― 2013 Revised Supplementary Methods and Good Practice Guidance Arising fromthe Kyoto Protocol (KP Supplement)
 To update and augment the existing Chapter 4 of the GPG- LULUCF―• The Wetlands Supplement and KP Supplement were adopted/acceptedby the IPCC Plenary at its 37th Session (IPCC 37) in Batumi, Georgia,
14-18 October 2013 and published on 28 February 2014
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/

IPCC Inventory Software• Implements the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, but it can also be used forreporting under the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines– Countries can use the improved methods and updated default data– Output in Non-Annex I National Communications format• Database based and stand-alone software• The latest version was released on 28 November 2013
http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/software/index.html• Can be used for the whole inventory or individual categories• Includes Uncertainty & Key Category Analyses and aids QA/QC

Summary• The same basic methodological approaches are used from the Revised
1996 Guidelines, through GPG 2000 & GPG LULUCF to 2006 IPCC
Guidelines• The 2006 IPCC Guidelines maintain, with improvements, the methodsof earlier guidelines and integrate GPG• Improved guidance in some areas, more and improved default data
Additional sources covered― Wider coverage of gases― All estimates are now of actual annual emissions― Categories simplified and clarified in some areas―

Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Thank you
Guidelines in all UN languages can be downloaded fromhttp://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp