fJ -lt" -1; ±. ~ ~ ~~*-·!c.fTransactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No.9

Palaeontological Society of 1a pan
May 31, 1953

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
227. Notes on Some Plant Fossils from Ennichi (Yongil) Group in Southern
Korea, II .................................................................. Toshimasa TAN AI

1228. Notes on the Miocene Molluscs from the Kumano Group in the SouthEastern Kii Peninsula, Japan, with Descriptions of Three New Species............................................................................... Atsuyuki MizuNo

9229. On a New Land Turtle from Palaeogene of Hokkaido ... Tokio SmKAMA 19230. Fossil Species of Palaeopneustidae from Japan ......... Akira MoRISHITA 27
Publications received ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

8

Proceedings... . . . .. . ... .. . .. . ... . .. .. . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . . .. . . . ... . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. .. . .. . . .. .. . . .. . .. .. .

30

President:

Hisakatsu Y ABECouncillors:

I<iyoshi AsANO, Riuji

ENoo, Haruyoshi FuJIMOTo,
Nobuo

lKEJm,

E:-~oo(Business and Accountant), Seido

Shoshiro

Teiichi KoBAYASHIHANZAWA, lchiroliAYASAKA,(Editor), Jiro MAKIYAMA, Tatsuro

MATsuMoTo, Tsuneteru OINOMIKAoo (Publication), Tokio SHIKAMA,
Koiti SuzuKI, Fuyuji TAKAI (General Affairs), Hisakatsu YABE.

All Communications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S. No. 9, pp. 1-7, PI . 1, 1\1, ay, 31 • 19"3"·.

227. NOTES ON SOME PLANT FOSSILS FROM ENNICHI(YONGIL) GROUP IN SOUTHERN KOREA, IIi<TOSHIMASA T ANAl
Geological Survery of JapanThe geology of plant bearing beds has
already been given by Dr. K. KANEHARA,
whos~ paper also contains a list of plantfossils provisionally determined by him.
The writer has studied critically thesecollections preserved at the Geological
Institute of Toi<YO University, and alre.ldy described some interesting specimens on this first report.
Among these specimens, the writerreexamined some fossils of Fagaceae andOleaceae from Ennichi group which develops in southern Korea, and determined the following species:
Fagaceae:
Fagus ferrugiuea AIToN
F. Hayatae PALIB.
LithocarPus miolzypophaea T ANAl, sp.
nov.
L. Protoko11ishii TANAI, sp. nov.
Cyclobala11opsis glauca TnuNn.
C. ltfandraliscac (GAUDIN), n. em.
C. Huziokai T ANAl, sp. nov.
Quercus koraica TANAI, sp. nov.
Castmzea castatzeaefo!ia (UNGER)
Oleaceae:
Fraximes ittsttlaris HEMsr..

F. C1l11iclziensis TANAI, sp. nov.
These fossil materials occur as impressions of leaves, fruits and cupules which
are fairly well-pres~rved. The impres·sions of leaves and fruits are comparatively plentiful; several of the species
are repres~nted by both leaves andfruits or cupules. Although no exact
quantitative data are available, the relative abundance of the various species isapproximately known. The leaves of
ever-green oaks ar.:! by far the mostabundant among the leaves of Fagace.1ein t.he Ennichi flora. It is very interesting for the geographical distribution of
the plant in Eastern Asia that most of
the species determined at present closely
res~mble their allied species in Formosa.
The writer wishes to offer his thanks
to Dr. Kinji KANEHARA for his material
and information. Thanks are also due
to Dr. Fuyuji TAKA! for his advice on
this manuscript, Mr. Shoichi MITA andHeiichi TAKEHARA for their encouragements. This study was financed by agrant from the Science Research Fundof the Ministry of Education.

* Read Oct. 20, 1951; received July 21. 1952.
1

Toshimasa 1'ANAI

2

DESCRIPTIONS oF SoME NoTEWORTHY
SPECIESFamily Fagaceae
Genus Fagus LlNNC.:

Fagus Hayatae PALIR.
Pl. 1,

1936.
1936.

fig. 1

Fagus sp. (cupula), KANEIIARA: ]our.
Geol. Soc. ]apaJJ vol. 43. p 83
F. /layatae. M!KI: fop. ]our. Bot. vol.
11 p. 221, fig. 4, Q,S.

Leaves ovate, 5-6 em. long, 2.8-3.0 em.

wide, base cuneate, apex acute; lateralnerves about 7-10 pairs ending atcurved teeth, petiole 5 mm. long.
Cupula ovoid in gener..t.l shape, 1.3 em.
long, 1.0 em. wide, with many bristle-likebract ; peduncle stout and short, about
5 mrn. long.
Remarks :-A characteristic cupulaand some incomplete leaves confirm thepresence of Fagus in this fossil flora.
These specimens arc quite identical withthe living F. Hayatae PAI.IB. in Formosa.
The serrate leaf resembles that of
Fagus ferruginea AIToN, but the species
differs from it by its smaller leaf andshorter peduncle of the cupula.

Comparis·m of several cupules of fossil Fagus

I

jlength

1. Fagus japonica MAXIM.

I

0.5 0.8 em.

I---------:---------1

1.5-1.8[___I_.o_-_L_z_______ _____
4._o_±_______
1

1.5-2.0

I-------------[
1 F. crena/a BLUME~-F-_-m_u_ll•-.n-e-,v-is_N_A__K_A_I _ __ -iw_i_d_th_ _ _ _1e_n_g_tl_J_o_f_p_e_d_un_c_Je_l, _ _ _----------

i_~'_'._I_I_ay_a_ta_e_P_A_L_IB_._ _ _ _ !_ _Lo_-_I_.4_ _ _ _I F. /errugi11ea AlT.

I

1

0.4 0.6cm.

1

1.0±

3.0±

----------~----------~~·7-J_.o____ __l___

1.2-1.41

4.5±crn

0.8-1.011o_.s_-_o_.8___

_ _ _

1.5±

1-------------------------------~---------1

F. microcarpa MIKI
o.s-o 9o.4-o.s
I 1.0 ±
l------------------------------------l----------1
1

F. A11tiPofi (ABICII)

1

z.6±

1

1.5±

1.5±

Localities :-252, 765
Genus Litlwcartms 13J.UMF.

Litlwcarpus miollypophacll T ANAl
sp. nov.
Pl. 1,
1936.

fig. 2. 3

Quercus sp. (cupula), KANEHARA:

loc.

cit. pp. 83

Description :-Leaves oblong-lanceolate
or elliptic lanceolatc, acuminated at apex,

cuneate at base; length 5-8 em., width
1-2 em.; petiole stout, 0.7-1.0 em .. long;
midrib stout, tapered at apex, straightor slightly curved; 10-13 pairs of secondaries, faible, alternate or subopposite,
forming an angles of about 50° with the
midvcin, parallel, slightly upcurved andcamptodrome to the margin, sometimes
bifurcation about half the distancetowards the margin ; tertiaries irregularly percurrent; margin entire, slightly

Notes on Some Plant Fos3ils from Ennichi (Yongil) Group in Southern Korea. II.

back-rolled, texture thick, coriaccous.
Cupula patelliform, 2(}-24 mm. in diameter, 3.5 mm. in depth; margin contracted. with 7-10 concentric rings.
Remarks :-This description is foundedon many leaves and a single, finely
preserved cupula. Among many cupulesof Quercus, C;lclobalanopsis and Lithocarpus with concentric rings, this specimen corresponds with Lithocarpus !zypoPhaea HAY ATA by its shape and compressed margin. The characters of thefossil leaves are so closely duplicated bysimilar characters in this living species
as to establish a near relationship or
absolute identity between them.
There is no previous record of Lithocarpus in the Tertiary of Japan and
Korea, but this living genus is confined
to western America and eastern Asia.
Lithocarpus hypoplzaea grows on mountainslopes (about 300-700 m. from sea-level)in the eastern part of Koshun-peninsuta,
Formosa.
Localities :-2l0, 226, 329, 571, 730

teeth; nervilles numerous, strong, mainly
percurrent, forming pentagonal meshes.
Texture thick, coriaceous.
Remarks :-These fossil leaves are almost identical with the LithocarPus
Konisllii HAY ATA, which is found inbushy habitats (about 500 m. from sea·level) in southern Formosa. Texture,
venation, serrate margin and acuminate
apex of the fossil leaf best match withcertain leaf of Litlzocarpus Kotlishii,
but it differs in the base from all theherbarium specimens in the BotanicalInstitute of Tokyo University.
The present materials do not correspond with any of figured specimens offossil oak leaves from the Tertiary floraof Japan and Korea which have cometo the writer's attention.
Localities :-1, 57, 211, 731, 947

Genus Cyclobalanopsis 0F.RSTEDT

Cyclobalanopsis llfandrali'scae (GAUDIN),
TANAl n. em.

Lithocarjms Protokoni'shii T ANAl, sp. nov.
Pl. I. fig. 4
1936.

Quercu$ sp. (Kwannonzawa·type), KANEIIARA: loc. cit. p. 83

Description :-Leaves medium size, evidently · coriaceous, oblong-elliptical in
outline, length 5-6 em., width about 2em., base slightly asymetric, round or
wedge-shaped, though acuminate at apex;
margin serrate in the upper two-thirdsof the leaf, the teeth small, slightly
pointing upwards.
Midnerve fairly
strong, slightly arc; secondaries with 67-pairs, opposite, slightly curved upwards,
occasionally falked, the upper ones camptodrome, arching along the margin, thelower ones craspedodrome, entering the3

Pl. 1,

fig. 6, 7, 8 and 9

Quercus drymeia, UNGER : Chi. Prot.
S. 113, Tf. 32, Figs. 1-4.
1858. Q. mandra/iscaa, GAUDIN: Ml!!n. querQl.e$ Gisem. de Ia Toscane. p. 33, pl. 2,
fig. 11.
1S59. Q. drymeia var. Mandraliscae, GAUDIN:
Coutributiot~
Ia jlore fossile Ita'iemre.
p. 45, pl. 4, figs. 2-5.
1936. Q. drymeja, KANEHARA: loc. cit. p. 83
18-15.

aDescription :-Leaves narrowly lanceoJate, 7-10 em. long, 1.3-1.5 em. wide, apex
acuminate very longly; base cuneate or
narrowly cuneate ; margin bristle-likeserrate in the upper two-thirds of theleaf, the teeth triangular and usually
pointing upward, regularly disposed andsmall size ; petiole stout, long, length 5-

4

Toshimas·t TANAI

10 mm.. Midrib stout, tapered to apex,
slightly curved, being prominent on thelower surface of the leaf; about 13-16
pairs of well-defined subopposite secondaries, somewhat irregular as to course,
sp:1cing and angle with midnerve, angle
vary from 35" to 70.,; the secondaries camptodrome where the margin is entire,
branching and forming a series of loops
near the margin, irregularly branchingand ·craspedodrome where the margin isserrate; tertiary venation irregularly
percurrent or with reticulate areas;
nervilles forming a fine qtndrangularmesh. Texture thick, coriaceous.
Remarks:-The form of European fos·
sil oak to which UNGER gave thename, Quercus drymeia, is also one of
the common types in the Miocene floras
of Japan and Korea. As GAUDIN has
already pointed out, Q. drymeia has
so many variants that it can be discrimi·
nated 6 variation-forms. The specimensfrom the Ennichi Group are quite identicalwith Q. drymeia var. k!andraliscae which
was described by GAUDIN from l\liocene
flora of Arno province, Italy. Thoughthese fossil leaves with six-variety-forms
may be variants of the same botanicalspecies, it is better for the standpointsof stratigraphy and even palaeobotanythat they are divided to each imlependent species until some valid reason or
many specimens shall be obtained.
The great variability of the leaves ofoaks renders an exact comparison withthe figured specimens extremely difficult.
The present new species is more or lessclose to some type of Quercus cosmilis
NEWBERRY and Q. simzdata KNOWLTOK
which are two species of the most com·
mon oaks in the Miocene floras of western North America. But it differs by
the serrate margin from them.
Among the living oaks of eastern Asia,
this species is close to Cyclobalmzopsis

l:mginux HAVATA, which is common· inthe mountain-lands ( 4Q0-80') m. from sealevel) of Formosa.
Locality :-1, 105, 112, 211, 227, 228, 311,
533

Cyclohalattopsis Huziokai TANAI, sp. nov.
Pl. 1,
1936.

fig. 10

Quercus myrsinal!folia, I{ANEHARA: Joe.
cit. p. 82

Descriptiotl :-Leaves coriaceous, smallin size, ovate to oblong, 4-5 em. long,
about 2 em. wide, base obtuse
round,
apex acute; margin aristate·serrate;
midnerve slender, tapert!d to apex,
straight or slightly curved; secondaries
thin, 7-9 pairs, opposite or subopposite,
mostly simple, slightly curved upwards
and subparallel, craspedodrome, entering
the arista-like teeth. Areolation distinctly preserved, forming the network offine polygonal meshes; petiole stout, l,i-:7 mm. long.
Remarks: -This species has some resemhlance to Quercus mediterranea
UNGER and Q. Szirmayatta, although it
can be same, since the margin and typeof venation are quite different.
Among the living oaks, the fossil
leaves greatly resemble Cyclobalanopsis
tarokoensis HAYATA in the outline, which
is one of the endemic species in Formosa,but It is quite distinct from the latterby the length of petiole. It is also comparable to Castanopsis chinensis .HANCE
which is found in mountain-slope habitats from southern China.
This species is named in honor of Dr.
K. HuziOKA of the Department of mining at the College of Akita.
Locality :-1, 227orNotes on Some PI:Jnt Fossils from Ennichi (Yongil) Group in Southern Korea. II.

Genus Quercus LINN~:

Quercus koraica TANAI sp. nov.
Pl. 1,
1926.

1936.

fig. 11, 12

Quercus sp., KRYSHTOFOVICH, Ann.
Russ. Pal. Soc. vol. 6, Tab. 2, fig. 8
Quercus sp, KANEHARA: loc. cit. p. 83

5The fo3sil leaves are close to someforms of leaves from th:! living Cast·
anopsis scleroplzy/la ScHoTT. and thelivingCyclobalotzopsis
myrstnaefolia(BLUM!') which grow in China at pre·sent.
Locolily :-211, 378

Genus Castanea Mir.L.

Description :-Leaves medium size In
outline, oblong-ovate or ovate, 4.5-6.5 em.
long, 2.3-2.7 em. wide ; apex acuminate,base rounded or broadly cuneate ; midrib
slender, 10 pairs of secondaries, subopposite, regularly curved upwards andparallel or sub·parallel, craspedodromc
to the marginal teeth; tertiaries irregularly percurrent, finer veins forming a
network; margin serrate except near
the base, with spine-tipped towardspointing teeth. Texture probably subcoriaceous, p~tiolc slender, about 10 mm.
In length.
Remarks: -This species seems to be
distinct from the other species of oakin this flora though it is represented
by somewhat incomplete specimens.
There is a close resemblance between
this species and the above-described
species-Cy~lobalatzopsis Hm.iokai, but it
has secondaries more regularly curved
than the latter. But the difficulity ofdrawing well-marked specific lines between them is increased by the abundance of materials.
This new species has a great resemblance to (Juercres pregrahami MAc
Gn<ITIE from the WeavcrviUe flora ofCalifornia, North America, though thetype of tertiary venation is quite different. It is also closely similar to QuerciPhyllum Lonclzitis UNGim which was
figured by NATHORST from the Otuchimura, Prov. Kaga, Japan, but not so
obtuse at the apex as in the latter.

Cmtanea caslaneaefolia (UNGER)
Pl. 1,

!8l5.
1868.

1898.
1926.

1936.

1936.

fi~.

13

Pagus caslaueaefolia, UNGF.R, Chlor.
Prot. pt. 6, S. 79, Tf. 28, Fig. 1
P. caslmteaefolia, HEER, Plora fossilis
arctica, S. 106 Tf. 10, Fig. 8; Tf. 46,
Figs. 1-3.
Caslmtea castaneorfo!ia, KNOWLTON, U.
S. Geo/. Surv. Bull. 152, p. 60
C. castaneaefolia, Kr>OWL ToN, U.S. Geol.
S11rv. Prof. Pap. 140-A, p. 35, pl. 18,
fi.:s. 7. R; pl. 19, fig. 1.
C. coslaneoefolia, HoLLICK, ll. S. Geol.
Surv. Prof. Pap. 182, p. 97, pl. 53,
figs. 4-6.
Dryophyllmn sp., I<ANEHARA: loc. cit.
p. 82

Leaves predominantly lanceolate inoutline, with acuminate apex and cuneatebase. Margins entire for a short dis·
tance above the petiole, elsewhere set
with remotely shallow-serrate teeth.
Midrib stout, straight ; secondaries stout,
regularly spaced, 18-20 pairs, opposite
or subopposite, slightly curving upward,
craspcdodrome, entering to teeth; ter·
tiaries very thin, forming a fine angularmesh. Texture probably membrana·
ceo us.
Remarks :-The present materials appear to be identical with some type ofCastanea castat~eaefolia (Ur-;GF.R), which
is abundantly represented in the middle
Tertiary flora of the old world. The

Toshimas:t T ANAl

6

leaves of this species art! so variable intheir shapes and serrations that they
have to be reexamined with many specimens. The present fossil leaves areclose to the living C. Btmgeana BLUME
and C. crenata S. ct Z. They are also
very close to the leaves of Tet1·acera
castanaefolia MAcG., but they are so
incomplete that the identification is im·
possible.
Locality :-1, 219, 311
Family Oleaccae
G:!nus Fraximes LINNE

Fraxinus i1zsularls HEMSL.
Pl. l,

fig. H·Description :-Leaflets incomplete, oblong-ovale in outline, 5-6 em. long, 2.02.5 em. wide, acuminate or caudately
acuminat~ at apex, cuneate or obtuse
at bas:!; mid nerve stout, straight, tapered to apex, secondaries 12-16 pairs, subopposite, curving upward, camptodrome
and looping with next secondary above,sometimes with abaxial branches near
the margin; tertiary venation reticulate,
texture membranaceous.
Remarks :-This description is foundedon some incomplete impressions. The
fossil leaves are closely similar to leaves
from the living Fraxinus insularis HF.Msr..,and the both arc tinabie to descrirninate
each other. This living species is widelydistributed from the central and eastern
China to Ryu-kyn islands.
Locality :-57 L. Fraxinus emtichiensis TANA!, sp. nov.
Pl. I, fig. 15

Description :-Leaflets falcate or oblong-ovate, 6-7 em. in length, about 2 em.

in width, with acuminate tips and rounded or broadly cuneate bases, petiolulate.
Margin entire at base, above w_ith somewhat variable and irregularly spaced
serrate teeth; teeth direct upward, often
finely pointed. Midrib stout, prominent,
straight, slightly curved upward; sec·
onclaries 10·-13 pairs, relatively thin,subparallel, camptodrome; tertiary venation obscure except for the tertiaryveinlets entering the marginal teeth.
Petiole short, stout, not over 3 mm. in
length, texture subcoriaceous.
Remarks :-These leaf-impressions are
assigned to the genus Fraxintts withsome hesitation, although the similarities
are marked. Leaves or leaflets similar
to those have frequently been reffered
to Rhus, Myrica, or some proteaceous
genus, but their features of venation
are rather close to those of Fraximts.
Among the fossil leaves of FraXt'nus,
the present specimens are very close tosome leaves of F. leii BERRY from theLower Lance tlorule of North America.
Locality :-210, 731

REFERENCESBERRY, E. W. (1934)

A lower Lance fiorulefrom Harding county, south Dakota. U. S.
Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 185-F. pp. 127-132
CoLAN!, M. ( 1920) Etude sur les fiorcs tertiares de quelques gisements de lignite deI'Indochinc et du Yunnan. Bull. Surv.
GCol. de l'ltrdochi11t, vol.8, fas.l, pp.l-51
GAUDIN, C. T. et STROZZI, C. (1858) Memoire sur quelques gisements de feuilles
fossiles de Ia Toscanc. pp. 29-47.
- - et - - (1859) Contribution a Ia fiore fossile Italienne. Sec. Mem. p. 21-57.
BEER, 0. (1868) Die Fo~sile Flora der Pohrliinder. (Flora fossilis arctic:~.) pp. 78-175.
IioJ.LICK, A. (1936) The Tntiary Floras of
Alaska. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. PoP. 182,
pp. 34-i71.

T. TANAI: Plant Fossils from Ennich GroupPLATE

r4,'-t·•.r~~; • .

.-;... · :...,
•

•

'

I

I

4

8
2

7

1

13

15

1\

i

10

5

',;t:;

~

3
"'-'

.

~ ·_ ~· ~·;Jr.t;·''.·~;~~.

14

.

9

1

Notes on Some Plant FJssils from Ennichi (Yongil) Group in Southern Korea. 11.
KANEHARA, K. (1936) The Geology of theNorthern Part of Geizitu District, North
Keishodo, Korea. four. Gcol. Soc. fap. val.
43, pp. 73-103.
KNoWLTON, F. II. (1898) A Catalogue of theCretaceous and Tertiary Plants of North
America. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. JS2, p.
60.
(1926) Flora of the Latah Formati,m of
Spokane, Washington, and Coeur D'Alene.
Idaho. U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 140A, pp. 17-55
KRYSHTOFOVICil, A. (1926) Contribution to
the Tertiary Flnra of Kwannonzawa, Prov.
Echigo, Japan. Ann. Russ. Pal. Soc. vol.
6, pp. 1-2·1

7

MACGINITIF., H. D. (1933) The Trout Creek
Flora Of Southwestern Oregon. Carnegie
I11st. Wash. Pub. No. 416, pp. 23-€8.
(1937) The Flora of the WeavervilleBeds of Trinity County, California. Cartregic Jnst. Wash. Pub. No. 465, pp. 83151.
NATIIORST, A. G. (lfl88) Zur Fossilen FloraJapans. Palacont. Abllandl. Bd .•J, H{t. 3,
pp. 197-250
MIKI. S. (1936) On the change of flora ofJapan since the Upper Pliocene and thefloral composition at the present. f aP.
four. Bot. Vol. 9, pp. 213-251.
UNGER, F. (1847) Chloris Protogaea.

Explanation l>f Plate 1
Fig. 1 Fagus llayafae PALIB.
Fig. 2 Litllocarpus miohypophaea TANAI, sp. nov.
Fig. 3 Lilllocarpus miohyPoPhaea TANAI, sp. nov. (c:~pula)Fig. 4 LithocarP11s protokonishii TANAI, sp. nov.
Fig. 5 Lithocarpr~s Konishii HAY AT A, (living leaf)
Figs 6, 7, 8. 9 Cyclobalanopsis Mmrdraliscae (GAUDIN) n. em.
Fig. 10 CyclobalatwPsis Hr~ziokai TANAI, sp. nov.
Figs. 11, 12 Quercus koraica TANAI, sp. nov.
Fig. 13 Casta11ea castamaefclia (UNGE~)
Fig. 14 Fraxim1s insr1/aris HEMSL.
Fig. 15 Fraxiuus etmiclrie11sis TANAI, sp. nov.

8

Publications Received

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED ( 3 )Number
910. Jl!:ftWf~. Vol. 1, No. 1, 1952
911. Jf!:lt41Jf~. Vol. 1, No. 2, 1952
912. JA.~*-t:f:, Jili~T=IilF~~ffH'r, No. 2, 1952
913. fti~\.JiJf!(jtfft No. 25, 1952
914. *!:l!Jt~'itfll\.;m~ ($ 2 r•nr:rHIIUJt)
915. Researches of the Nasionale Mus~um,
Bloemfontein, Vol. 1. Pt. I, 1932
916. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, Vol. 27,
No. 1, 1931.
917. Ibid., Vol. 27, No. 2, 1951.
918. Ibid., Vol. 27, No. 3, 1951.
919. Ibid., Vol. 27, No. 4, 1951.
~2J. Ibid., Vol. 27, No. 5, 195L
921. Ibid.; Vol. 27. No. 6, 1951.
922. Hutchinson, R.D. : The Stratigraphy and
Trilobite Faunas of the Cambrian Sedimentary Rocks of Cape Breton Island,
Nova Scotia. Geol. Surv. Canada, Mem.
No. 263, 1952.
923. Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Geologi:znego, Vol. 21, No. I, 1952.
924. Fridberg, W. : Mollusca Miocenica Poloniae et Regionum Vicinarum, Pt 1 Gas·
tropoda, 1951.
925. Senckenbergiana Bd. 32, Nr. 1-4, 1951.
926. Ibid., Bd. 32, Nr. 5-6, 1951.
927. Savage, D.E.: A Miocene Phyllostomatid
Bat from Colombia, South America. Univ.
Calif. Pub!., Bull. Geol. Sci, Vol. 2il, No.
12, 1951.
928. Lutz, G. C. : The Sobrante Sandstone.
Ibid., Vol. 28, No. I~. 1951.
929. Senckenbergiana, Bd. 33, Nr. 1-3, 1952.
930. Sci. Rep, Saitama Univ., Ser. B, Vol. 1,
No. 1, 1952.
931. Stenzel. H. B. : Buried Hill :1t Wilcox.
Carrizo Contact in E:1st Texas. Rep.
Investigations No. 10, Bureau Econ. Geol.,
Univ. Texas, 1951.
932. Blank, H. R., Stoltenberg, N. L. and Emmerich, H. H.: Geology of the Blacklands Experimental Watershed, Near
Waco, Texas. Ibid., !\o. 12, 1952.

933.

Quinn, j. H. : Recognition of Hipparions
and Other Horses in the Middle Miocene
Mammalian Faunas of the Texas Gulf
Region. Wilson, J. A., Maxwell, R A.,
Lonsda!e, J. T., and Quinn, j. H.: New
Paleocene and Lower Eocene Vertebrate
Localities, Big Bend National Park, Texas.
Ibid., 1952.
93·1. Kesling, R.V. : A Study of Ctenoloculina
cicatricosa (Warthin). Contr. Mus. Pale.
ont., Univ. Michigan, Vol. 9, No.8, 1952.
935. Ehlers, G.M. and Stumm, E.C.; Spongophyllum mis.~ouriense, a New Coral from
the Middle Devonian Callaway Limestoneof Missouri. lb!d., Vol. 9, No. 9, 1952.
936. Arnold, C. A.: Observations of Fos;ilPlants from the Devonian of Eastern
North America. VI. Xenocladia medullosina Arnold. Ibid., Vol. 9, No. 10, 1952.
937. Leafloor, L. B. : Publications of the GeoIogic:tl Survey of Canada (1917-1951),
1952.
938. Usher, ]. L.: Ammonite Faunas of theUpper Crdaceous Rocks of Vancouver
Island, British Columbia. Geol. Surv.
Canada, Bull. No. 21, 1952.
939. Brown, R. A. C.: Carboniferous Stratigraphy and Pctlaeontology in the Mount
Greenock Area, Alberta. Geol. Surv.
Canada, Mem. No. 264, 1952.
940. Thomas, H. D. and D:wi:;, A. G.: The
Pterobranch Rhabdopleura in the English
Eocene.
Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. 1-Iist.,
Geol., Vol. 1, No. 1, 1949.
941. Oakley, K. P. and Montagu, M.F.A.: A
Reconsideration of the Galley Hill Skeleton. Ibid., Vol. 1, No. 2, 1949.
942. White, E. I.: The Vertebrate Faunas of
the Lower Old Red Sandstone of the
Welsh Borders.
White, E. I : Pteraspis leathensis White,a Dittonian Zone-Fossil. Ibid., Vol. 1,
No. 3, 1950.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 9, pp. 9-18, 3 text-figs. May, 31, 1953

228.

NOTES ON THE MIOCENE l\10LLUSCS FROM THE KUMANOGROUP IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN KII PENINSULA, JAPAN,
WITH DESCRIPT£0NS OF THREE NEW SPECIES*
ATSUYUKI MIZUNO
University of Tokyo

MfJHf.~JI!mff!Sil~~·/fHl"'f:(/_:> li 1 VT tit r1 1't7fitt'Fm~e "? "' -c m 3 ~.fm ifJi'tr!t&: n!U!J·Mtr-• .:Er.:3¥4t!lll.!tlltf(/) n. 'fr;fitt'(;!.f~(/Jrtid~)i!!1, }ii] Jfifi':<O;I:!f!.f.r!f{\; ~ QJ "'· :J.JJ\. v; 3 'ffr{!R ifJitl!lf& ~ fit.c-:? tc o Anadara(Pectinatarca) kiiensis, n. sp., Anadara (Scapharca) nalwmurai, n. sp, Timoclea niPPonica, n. sp.

* rr 1lb fi•

The geological age of the Kumano groupl>
has been discussed by some investigators since
many years ago, but no view has been for·warded on the ecological characters of its
molluscan fauna. The following discussions
are offered on the basis of the fossils collected mainly from the Mitsuno formatio:'lby the writer during 1950-1951 and partly
described by some previous researchers: (1)the ecological characters for a paleogeographic
consideration; (2) the geological age of the
Kumano group; and (3) the descriptions of
three new species, Anadara ( Pectinatarca) kiiensis, n. sp, A. (Sc:Jpharca) nakamurai, n. sp.,
Timoclea nipponica, n. sp.

[!]]] 1~ v

~ If[·.:·:-:·.:·.j VI~lli~VIl

F;' I IV
0

Stratigraphy and modes of occufre1tcesof fossil·coenoses: As shown in Fig. 1,2>

* Read June 30, 195l; received August 1, 1952,

PACIFIC OCEAN

1)

The writer previously propos:.:d the nameof Miyai group to the strata includinj:! the"Miyai s~ries" (MIZUNO, 1951 b). Hereafter he will call the Kumano group for theMiyai group. Its detailed explanation will
be given in another paper (TANAI and MIZUNo, 1953).
2) The geological map was compiled partly on the basis of the unpublished data of
M. MURAYAMA, a geologist of the Geological Survey of Japan.

I. "Unknown Mesozoic strata". II. Paleogene ? strata. III. Koguchi formation. IV.
Mitsuno formation.
V. Tanabe "group".
VI. Kanayama " group". VII. Igneous rocks.
Figure 1.

9Geological map of the Southern
Kii Peninsula.

10

Atsuyuki MIZUNO

the Kumano group is widely distributed in the south-eastern Kii Peninsula and rests with a distinct clino-unconformity on the basements characterized by a distinctive
folding structure. It can be classified into two formationsin the vicinity of the Kumano Coal-field; namely the
Mitsuno and Koguchi formations. The former (the upper
half of the group) is characterized by quartzose coarse
sandstone, and the latter (the lower half of the group)
by a large quantity of siltstone. (Fig. 2)
The molluscan fossil-coenoses reported here were gatheredfrom the following seven localities and the specific names
are given in the accompanying seven tables. Also, theirmodes of occurrences are as follows.
500• (,00

Table 1. List of species from the locality 1 (Collectedby the writer.)Specific name

•

-----

1

--

Anadara (Scapharca) nakamurai n. sp.
Trapezium (NeotraPczium) cfr. japonicum

Table 2.

--

13

2

4

c

(Nr-N3) (H)

c

No-Nr

1

Figure 2. Columnar section of the Kumano groupnear the Kumano Coal-field.

W

List of species from the.locality 2 (Collected by the previous investigator)
1

Specific name1

Tr1rritelhl kiimsis
Natica sp.
Nassarius (llinia) simizui
Atradara (ScoPiwrca) setoensis
Ostrea sp.
Cardita sp.
" CycliTill cfr. sinensis"
Aloidis succincta

-

-

-

3

2
---

-

(N3-N4)A

Nr-N4(Nr-Nz)(Nr-N 3)-

No-NI (-N4)

-

No-N4
(Nt-Nz)(No-Nt)--4--- - (H)

c
(W)
(11)
H, W
11, w
(W)

(*)

(H)

e>

-

(*)

Table 3. List of species from the locality 3 (Collected by the writer)-

Specific name

1

1'

2

3

--

" Troclms" sp.
Turrilc/la kiieiiSis
T. (Ilauslalor) kadonosawacnsis
T. (!I.) s-lwlaii sar,aiNevoila cfr. flidyma
Natica (Tl'clonatica) janthostoma

c
A

c
c

fi
11
0:

ex>~

c

cx>ii

R

cx>r~

4
--

N3-N4
(N3-N4)(N3-N4)(N3-N4)
NI-N2
N1-N4

H
(H)
(W)
(W)

w
c

Notes on the Miocene Molluscs from the Kumano Group etc.
Specific name
Neptunea cfr. arthritica
Nassarius (Hinia) dr. japonicus
Nassorius ( Niolho) secltiSus
0/ivel/o cfr. iwokiensis
Conus ( Chelyconus) tokzmogoi
Denlolium cfr. lenlum
Saccello congimsis
A,;odato (ScoPhorco) nakamttrai
A. (S.) seloer.sis
A. (Pectinalorco) kiiensis
Borbolio sp.
Glycymeris 1JeS/iloides
G. sp.
G. junghulumi
Pecten sp.
Monia cfr. rodiala
Crassolellilcs tiGtiiiS
Voslicordium sp.
Feloniello ferruginola
Col/isla macro
Meretrix cfr. meretrix
Dosinia ( Dosittella) onguloides
D. (Phacosomo) nomuroi
D. (P.) akaisiona
D. (P.) odosmsis
Timocleo 11iPPonica n. sp.
VencruPis (Siroloria) siroloriensis
Gori sp.
Jlrfacomo tokyomsis
Angulus (Pcronidia) cfr. vcmdosus
Glouconomc sp.
Phaxas sp.
Solen cfr. gouldi

1

R

c
R

c
R

1'

"'
"'

"'

"'
iX

c

'X

A

~

c
c

~
~

A
R
A

Cl

c

Q>~

A

iX

R

A
R
R

~

~

"'
i1

IS
Ot

c

Ot

R

IX

R

"'

c
c

~>~

A

">~

c
A

c
R
R
R

R

c
c

IS

~

:>>fS
Ot
Ot
Ot

Cl
Ot

:>>fS
Ot

11

2

3

Nt-N4
Nt-Nz
Nt-Nz
(Nt-N4)(No-NJ)(Nz-N4)(Nz-N3)(Nt-N3)(Nt-Na)(Nt-N3)
No-Nt(l\'t-N3)(Nt-N3)(Nt-·Na)(Nt-N4)
Nt-N4
N3-N4
N1-N4
(l\'t-N4)(Nt-N2)
Nt(Nt-N3)(Nt-Na)(Nt-Na)(Nt-N3)(Nt)(Nt)(Nt-N4)
Nt-Nz
Nt
No-Nt
Nt-N4
No-Nt

c
w

4

-(*)
(*)

H

(W)
(W)
(H)
(W)
(H)
(H)
(H)
H, W
(W)
(H)
(II)
W,C

w
II
II, W

(H)
II
(W)
(W)
(W)
(W)
(H)

*

(*)
(*)

(W)
II, W

w
c
w
w
w

*
*

*
I

*

Table 4. List of species from the locality 4 (Collected by the previous
investigators and the writer.)Specific nameArea sp.
Ostrco sp.
Peden sp.
Vosticordimn sp.
Tapes sp.

1

I

:I
R

c
-

2

3

Nt-N4
No-Nt (-N4)
Nt-N4
Nt-N4
Nt

H, W
H. W

1_4_

w.c
H. W
II, W

*

12

Atsuyuki MIZUNo
Table 5. List of species from the locality 5 (Collected by the previous investigator)

I1

Spedfic name

IR.

Pecten lip. (small type)
Table 6.

2

3

Nt-N4

w.c

4

List of species from the locality 6 (Collected by the writer.)Specific name
---

1

2

R

(N3-N4)(W)c(N3-N4)I~(N4-B)(N4-B)

3---

Turritel/a ( llaustator) kadonosawaensis
T. (H.) s-halaii
Solemya (Aeharax) tokut~agaiPortlandia (Portlandella) tokmwgai
Thyasira (C01:chocele) bisccta
Lucinoma izirii
Lucino>na kamenooe11sis
Macoma oPiivac(N4-B)

(W)
(C)
(C)
(C)
(C)
(C)

R

(N1-N4)(\V)

A
R(N4-B)( l\4 -B)

I

4-

Table 7. List of species from the locality 7 (Collected by the previous investigators.)
Specific name

Lucitla sp.
PcriPloma owasensis
Macoma aomoriensis
Aloidis sp.

I

1 I

2

r-=-

N1-N4, B

I

'

I

- I

(Nr-N4)(Nr-N4)
N1 N4
.

I

3

I

I 4

~:r-w---

c

c
(W)
II, W

I

Abbreviations :1 Frequency of occurrence: R···rare, C· .. common, A···abundant.
11 Mode of occurrence at the locality 3: "'"'<>.·group, ~ .. -~group.
2 Depth of habitat (according to 0YA~IA's method of division) (OYAMA, 1952)
No· .... ·tidal fascia, Nr· .... ·euneritic fas~ia, Nz ...... mesoneritic fasci 1,
N3 ...... subneritic fascia, N.t ...... bathyneritic fas::ia, B·· .... hemibathyal fascia.
3 Horizontal distribution: II- .. · .. stenothermal warm character.
w ...... eurithermal warm character.
c ...... eurithermal cold character.
4 *...... dwellers in the head of an inner bay.
( ) Descriptions on the extinct species were made by comparing with their similar
species in recent.

--The fossil-coenoses from the
Mitsuno formation-(1)3' Banzai-toge, Mitsuno·mura :-A
boulder of very fine grained (silty) sandstone, in which several fossils are scat3) The numbers I. 2-7 used here all correspond with those in Figs. 1 and 2.

tering along a bedding plane. (Table 1)(2) Miyai, Kuju-mura :-Many boulders of sandstone, from which fossils
are abundantly yielded. (Table 2) (quoted from some previous works.)(3) Komugi, Jrokawa-mura :-Anumber of fossils are crowded in several
beds of medium or fine grained sand-Notes on the Miocene Molluscs from the Kumano Group etc.

stone, forming remarkable cross-laminations, and it is easily recognizable thatthe corpses of molluscs were accumu·
lated to the present place from their
original habitats owing to some rapid
bottom currents.
The fossils will be classified into thefollowing two groups from their modesof arrangements.
a-group : Numerous small shells areclosely crowded, irregularly arranged as
constituents of cross-lamination, in themedium grained sandstone (partly "shellsandstone"). The shells are mostly
small in size, remarkably broken, andthere are rarely found fragments of large
sized shells. The surfaces of all are
well defaced.
fJ-group : Comparably large sl?:edshells are by themselves thinly scatteredin the fine grained sandstone, being
regularly arranged along the otherplanes of lamination than of the a-groupor sometimes dotted, not taking part incross-laminations. The shells are scarcely broken and scarcely defaced. Especially in the present case, the individuals
that belong to the same genus or species
tend to be crowded with one another.
The valves are always detachedthrough the both groups.
The species belong to each group aremarked by the marks a, fJ and a ~ fJ
In Table 3.
(4) Izeki, Nachi-machi :-Fossils arethinly scattered in massive medium
sandstone, (Table 4) (partly quoted fromprevious works.)-The fossil-coenoses from the
Koguchi formation-(5) Miyai, Kuju-mura :-Pecten sp.
are rarely found in siltstone together
with numerous shells of Cyc/ammina
sp. (Table 5) (quoted from previous

13

works.)(6) The upper stream of the River
Narumi, Kogawa-mura :-To the southof the present locality, many fossils areincluded in siltstone at several localities,
which seem to b:'! of the almost same
horison. Shells are arranged along bedding planes, being rather scattered.
Valves are mostly conjoined. (Table 6)(7) Gyo-no-ura, Owase-machi :-Several fossils are included in sandstone.
Detailed modes of occurrences are notclear. (Table 7) (quoted from previous
works.)

Ecological descriPtiotts and inferenceson the fossil-coe11oses from the Mitszmo
formation:1. The fossil-coenoses from the lo·calities 1 and 2 consist mainly of thesubtidal dwellers in the head of an inner bay, rarely of brackish water inhabitant and also of mesoneritic to subneritic dwellers and each species is ofeury or stenothermal warm character.
2. That from the locality 4 also consists of subtidal dwellers in the head of
an inner bay.
3. That from the locality 3 may beclassified into few specific groups fromtheir habitats.
The first comprises"Trochus ", Turritella, Natica, Dentalium, Saccella, Anadara, Glycymeris, erassatellites and Dositzia. all of them claiming nearly same ecological conditions,
namely, being mesoneritic to subneritic,(or bathyneritic) sand dwellers in the
middle part of the bay somewhat influenced by an oceanic current, and beingof eury- or stenothermal warm characters: (though Natica seems to be of
eurythermal cold character.) The second comprises Nassarius, Neverila,

Cotzus. Barbatia, Mania, Vasticardittm,
Felaniella, Callista, Meretrix, Timoclea,

14

Atsuyuki MIZUl':O

Vetterupis, Macoma, Angulus, Glauconome and Solen, all of them being tidal
to euneritic sand, muddy sand dwellers
in the innermost area of a bay or an
inlet, though there being mixed stenoand eurythermal warm species and fuw
eurythermal cold species. In their modesof occurrences, the species belonging toa-group are Natica, Turritella lwdonosawaensis and T. s-lzataii sagai, Glycymeris jtmglzulzrmi and G. sp. in the firstgroup, and are the all species of thesecond group. The remaining species
belong to $-group.
4. It is remarkable that as a whole
the fossil-coenoses consist of numerous
individuals rich in aariations and numbersof species, while poor in numbers ofgenera and poor in gastropods, or theindividuals other of Turritella kiiensis
are much smaller than those from theother areas. The facts are very significant on paleoecology. Probably, they
may be explained by the specializationof environmental factors, but the detailed
studies are necessary in future.
From the preceding descriptions thefollowings are inferred.
1. The fossil-coenoses from the localities 1 and 2 may be partly parautochthonous, considering from the factthat coal seams are included only inthe vicinity of the localities and they
are in nearly the same horizon with thefossil bearing strata.
2. It is unknown whether that fromthe locality 4 is autochthonous or notfrom the field evidences.
3. The fossil-coenosis from the lo·cality 3 may be considered as follows :the first group except Turritella lwdotzo-

sawaensis, T. s-hataii sagai. Glycymeris
jzmglzulzuni, may be parautochthonous ;the second group an:l a part of the firstgroup may be allochthonous.
4. The whole fossil-coenoses from

the Mitsuno formation seem to represent
a part of the biocoenoses in the large
bay with inlets and with rather wide
entrance, somewhat influenced by anoceanic current. The bay is able to becompared with the present Suntga or
Sagami Bays.
5. Moreover, the condition of the bay
when the making of the Mitsuno forma·tion began is roughly inferred. The
strand-lines near the localities 1 and 2
would almost correspond with the pre·sent boundary-line between the Mitsuno
and Koguchi formations, though they
are not clear to the east and north ofthe places because of the lack of thedata. The water, being in the head ofbay, was probably brackish in the vi·
cinity of the said places. The condition
near the locality 3 might be somewhat
influenced by an oceanic current, andthe strand-line probably stood further
west, thus leaving the place off-shore.
The strand-lines cast or south of theplaces probably stood g~nerally along
the boundary-line between the both formations, considering from the rock-faciesof the Mitsuno formation distributed
there, though they cannot be inferredfrom the mode of fossil-coenosis fromthe locality 4.

Ecological descriptio1Zs and inferetzceson the fossil·coenoses from the Koguchi
formation :-The fossil-coenoses mainly
consist of bathyneritic or hemibathyal,
sandy mud or mud dwellers in an open
sea, and most of them seem to be of
eurythermal cold character. Moreover,it may be parautochthonous, consideringfrom the modes of occurrences. The
fossil-coenosis from the locality 6 suggests the so-called " Conchocele·Lucinoma
community" (OYAMA, 1952b). Detailed
descriptions will be given, when the fieldsurveyes of the unsurveyed area will beNotes on the Miocene Molluscs from the Kumano \.roup etc.

15completed.

Vicarya, Vicaryclla or Desmostylus.

Correlations and the geological age ofthe Kztmano group :-From the above·

From the abovc.rnentioned respects,
the writer concludes that the Kumano
group is correlated to the Kanayama
and Tanabe " group" and the othermiddle Miocene strata in Japan, and its
gelogical age is assigned to be middle
Miocene (Fr-F3 in IKEBE's letter-nomi·
nation).

mentioned data. it is suggested that theview of SuzuKI and ITo (1946) as to the. geological age of the groupt> may bereasonable.
The fossil-coenoses from the Mitsuno
formation and the Kanayama " group "lying on the west of the Kii Peninsula
are discriminated into the following two.
The one includes Turritella lliiensis,
Anadara setoensis and DetttaUttm cfr.
lentum among the neritic fauna, andthe other Aloidis succincta among thesubtidal in the innermost area of a bay.
The latter fauna of the Kanayama" group" abounds with Vicaryella bacula
which is commonly found in the middle
Miocene strata of the inner bay influ·
enced by a wam1 water.
The fossil-coenoses from the Kanayama"group" is more rich in the dwellers of theinnermost area of a bay, than that of the
Mitsuno formation.

Also the present fossil-coenoses arerich in the common species with thosefrom the middle Miocene sandy strata
with the " Dperculina-Miogypsitta fauna"destributed in JapJ.n (for example. theMizunami, Kadonosa wa and Oirase
groups).
Moreover, they includes such common
or similar species with those from theupper Miocene strata of Java and Burma,
such as Nassarius sec/usus, Anadarattallamurai, n. sp., and Callista macra.
The fossil-coenoses from the Koguchi
formation, which are rich in hemibathyal,
muddy dwellers, are similar to thosefrom the Taga, Shirado and Yunagayagroups (lWAI, 1950) in the Joban Coal·
field, the latter two groups including4) As to their "Sbimosato series", the writerconsiders another view.

From the characters of its fossil·coenoses
the Mitsuno formation can be clearly correlated
to the Kanayama group, but it is not clear
whether the Koguchi formation is correlated
to the Kanayama or T.mabe groups. the latterof which underlying the former with partial
unconformity, owing to the poorness of thefossil·coenoses of the latter. From the strati·
graphical relationship, the Koguchi formation
is probably correlated to the Tanabe gro!.!p.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIESBIVALVIA
Arcidae
Genus Atzadara GRAY, 1847

Attadara (Scapharca) nakamurai, n. sp.
Figure 3

Descriptions :-Shell small, inflated,transversely oblong, inequilateral. An·
terior border forming nearly right angle
with hinge one, obliquely passing into
long, broadly arched ventral one; pos·terior border convex, forming very ob·
tuse angle with hinge one. Beaks prominent, inflated, incurved, at the anterior
two-fifths of shell. Area long, narrow.
Hinge consists of numerous small teeth.
Surface of shell sculptured with radialribs and concertric growthlines. Ribs
somewhat nodose, about twenty-six innumber, and separated by wider valleys.
Dimensions of the lwlotype :-Length,
13 mm.; height, 9.4 mm. ; depth, 3.0 mm.

16

Atsuyuki MIZUNO

somewhat similar to A. (S.) theobaldi.
Comparison :-The new species is
rotu11tada (NoETLING, 1899, p. 135, pl. 5,
figs. 11, 12.) from the upper Miocene of
Burma, but disi:inguished from it in having less inflation of shell and less prossogyrate beaks.
Occrerretzce :-Komugi, Irokawa·mura;
the Mitsuno formation.

.-"•

..

Anadara (Pectinatarca) kiiensis. n. sp.
Figures Sa, b.

DescriPtt'otz :-Shell, inflated, transversely elongated, very inequilateral.
Ventral border nearly straight or broadly convex, nearly parallel to the straighthinge border, suddenly turned to theanterior and posterior ones, the bothmaking somewhat obtuse angles withhinge one. Beaks rather small, inflated,situated at the anterior two-fifths of
hinge line. Area narrow and long.
Hinge consists of numberous small teeth.
Surface of shell scuptured with radialribs, twenty-nine in number, somewhat
nodose, crossing concertric growthlines.
Dimensions of the holotype :-Length,12.9 mm. ; height, 9.2 mm. ; depth, 2.5 mm.
Comparison ;-A. (P.) gubernaculum(REEVE, 184~, pl. III, Species 14), theliving species near Phillippines and formosa, resembles the new species, but theformer is larger and higher in outline.
Occurrence :-Komugi, Irokawa-mura;
the Mitsuno formation.
Veneridae
Genus Timoclea BROWN, 1827

Timoclea nipponica, n. sp.
Figures 4a. b, c.

DescriPtion :-Shell very small, very
inflated, obliquely trigonal. Anterior

t

5a

5b

Explanations of Figures 3-5

Anadara (Scapharca) nakamurai, n.
sp.
Internal mould of the right valve, x 2, theholotype.
Figures 4a. b. c. Timoclea 11ippo11ic:J, n. sp.
a. Internal mould of the left valve. x 3,
the holotype.
b. External mould of the left valve, x 3.
the paratype.
c. External mould of the right valve, x 3,
the paratype.
Figures Sa. b. Anadara(Pecliltotarca) kiiemis,
n. sp.
a. External mould of the right valve, x 2,
the holotype.
b. Interinl mould of the left valve, x 2,
the paratype.
(All specimens are kept in the Geological Institute. University of Tokyo.)

Figure 3.

end broadly rounded, posterior one subangulate ; ventral border broadly convex,
somewhat being concave near posteroventral corner. Beaks small, pointed.
Hinge small and narrqw, consisting of
two cardinal teeth and two thin lateralNotes on the Miocene Molluscs from the Kumano Group etc.

teeth on the right valve. Pallial sinus
broad, shallow. triangular and pointed
at the end. Surface sculptured withradial ribs and growth lines, the former
strong on the posterior one-third of theshell, about eight to ten in number, andbecomes weaker or absent at the anterior part.
Dimensions of the holotype :-Length,10.0 mm.; height, 8.4 mm.; depth, 3.0 mm.
Comparison :-The new species resembles T. subspadicea (CossMAK~. 1909, p.
363, pl. 14, figs. 36-40) in outline, but
the latter is much larger in size.
Remarks :-Several specimens were
examined. The modes of ribs are somewhat variable.
Occurrence :-Komugi, Mitsuno-mura ;the Mitsuno formation.
The writer is greatly indebted to
Messr. K. Qy AMA and S. 0GoSE for theirkind advices and criticisms, and also toDrs. T. SAJ,AMoTo and F. TAKA! forlooking over the manuscript.
REFERENCES
CossMANN. M. ct PEYROT, A. (1909), Con·
chologie Neogenique de L' Aquitaine.
HIROSE. S. (1899), On Geology of the Eastern
Kii. (MS.) Gradt~alio11 Thesis, Fcc. Sci ,Imp. Univ. Tokyo.
lWAI.]. (1950), Kamenoo formation (Tertiary)of the ]oban Coal-field. Short Papers/GPS, No. 1.
MIZUNO, A. (195la), Geology of the South·
eastern Kii, with Special Reference to the"Miyai Series". (MS.) GradiiDiion Thrsis,
Fac. Sci .. U11iV. Tokyo.
- - , (195lb), Geology of the Southern Kii
Peninsula ( p:~rt 1 ). Jour. Geol. Soc. J ap.111.
Vo!. 57, No. 670.
NOETLING, F. (1899). The Fauna of the Mio·
cene Beds of Burma. llfem. Geol. Surv.
brd. n. s. Vol. 1.
OYAMA, K. (1952a). On the Vertical Distribu·
tion of Marine Mollusca. Ve11us, Vol. 17.
No.1.

17

- - , (1952b), On the Fossil Molluscan community of Tyonan and Kasamori Forma·tions exposed between Mob:~ra and Turu·mai. Jour.]ap, Ass. Petrol. Teclrnol.. Vol.
17, No.1.

REEVE, L A. (18-14 ), Monograph of the genus
Area. Conch. Iconica.
SUZUKI, K. (1934), 0:1 the Geological Age ofthe Miyai Series the Coal-bearing Tertiaryof the South-eastern Kii Peninsula. Globe
Vol. 21, No.5.
SUZUJ<l, K. and ITo. T. (1946), Few New
Facts on the Geological Age of the Tert·iary of the Southern Kii Peninsula. ]o11r.
Geol. Sec. Japan, Vol. 52, Nos. 610-612.
TANAI. T., KATO, R. and TANI, H. (1950), On
the Geology at the Kumano Coal-field.
Jo11r. Geol. Soc. Japan. Vol. 56, No. 656.
TANAI, T. and Mtzur-;o, A. (1953), Geological
Structure near the Kumano Coal-field in
the South-eastern I<ii Peninsula. Jour.
Ceo/, Soc. faPau, Vol. 59. (in print)

Postscripts :-Recently Mr. S. HADA
found theparautochthonons fossilco:'!nosis consisting of Cyclitza ltmulata
and Slriarca sp. from fine grained sandstone near Hase, Nachi·machi, the sandstone being considered stratigraphicallyto be of the same horizon with one of
the locality 4. Cycli11a ltmulata is considered as the subtidal, sand or sandy
mud dweller at the inner-most part ofbay. So, the preceding inferences as tothe modes of strand-lines east or southof the locality 3 will be now verified by· the occurrence of the present fossilcoenosis, and moreover that the bay
during the making of the lowest partof the Mitsuno formation would opened
its mouth widely to east is thus explain·ed from the paleontological data. On
the other hand, the writer ascertained
the distribution of the Koguchi formation at the south-west of the so-called
Kumano acidic rocks as shown in Fig.
1, from which many fossils of hemi-

18

Atsuyuki MIZUNO

bathyal, mud dwellers were found. The
whole strand-lines of the bay during themaking of the lower parts of the Koguchi formation probably stood further
west of the boundary-line between the
Kumano group and the basements, being

parallel to the present strand-line of thesouth-eastern part of the Kii peninsula.
This paper was issued as one process
for the clarification of the Neogene history at the south-eastern part of the Kii
peninsula.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 9, pp. 19-26, Pl. 2, 4 text-figs., May 31, 1953

229. ON A NEW LAND TURTLE FROM PALAEOGENEOF HOKKAIDO*TOKIO SHIKAMA
Gecl. Inst., Yokohama National University*-c:Jt.l¥ll'tr'i$ ~ j{(t "->11i~ffl : 1946 lf-~~mlP:~J'i!mW!Q)ttJ'ililii
16 ¥!litr."'f;JHr~-NtA: .1: IJ ~Lll:~i<ITH:J•I]-ftQJ~fi! L. =l!:*ll!F!fl!;!il"->ti~=~~ll!!.I:'.:~L"C. Sinohadrimws ezoe11sis !
Jf-~c.! t~ L t::.o'/J•I... t~~·oi'11.mJftl;t~~~~'*fR-"'C:,;:: "->1QJ: !1 ""'T*Jit£:..t$t';iJiflt<T.> t "->! ·J-o tc ~ L-:::>JJli Jill 0.\' :kFew chelonian remains are known
from the Japanese Palaeogene; i.e.
Geoemyda (Geoliemys) takasago MATSUMOTo from Tikuh6 coalfield, north Kyusyu (holotype stored in the Institute ofGeology and Palaeontology, T6hoku University) (MATSUMOTO, 1929) and G. (G.)
cf. takasago MATSUMOTO, TAKAI fromthe bottom of Sasebo harbour (specimen
stored in the niological Laboratory of
the Imperial Household) (TAKAT, 1938)
belong to Asiya group (Early Oligocene),
the horizon of the latter specimen being
in the opinion of Dr. TAKA! the Aiura
formation of the Lower Matuura groupof Dr. T. UF.Jl (1938) and Trionyx ttbeensis CHITANJ (CmTANI, 1925) from the" Hi toe" and "Oha " coal seams of theUbe coal-bearing group of the Ube Coal
Mine (Uppermost Eocene).
Hitherto we did not know any occurrence of fossil Chelonia from the Palaeogene coal-bearing group (lsikari group)of Hokkaido except a specimen collected
about 16 years ago from inside the NaieCoal Mine (Ribai coal-bearing formation).
A gypsum model made by the late Dr.
T. N~\GAo i-; preserved in the Instituteof Geology and Mineralogy, Hokkaido
University, but it is uncertain where theoriginal specimen is.
On Oct. 26, 1946, Mr. Y. 6TAGAI<I of
Seika Mining Company found a chelonian specimen in the Utasinai Coal Mine,
Sorati-gun. The specimen was discovered during coal mining in incline No. 19,
and the horizon from which it was ob·
tained is clearly the Bibai coal-bearing
formation, the same as for the Naie
specimen. Dr. M. MINATo of the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Hokkaid6 University, kindly submitted these
specimens to the writer.
Utasinai Coal Mine lies about 15 km.
northeast of Naie Coal Mine. Both aresituated in the northern region of theso·called lsikari coalfield, where thelsikari group composes the thickest part,about 3150 m., and the Bibai coal-bearing
formation lies in the middle horizon of
the group. According to Dr. S. T AsiRo'srecent conclusion, the Isikari group may
be divided as follows, in ascending order:
1. Noborikawa coal-bearing formation;
ca. 600 m., contemporaneous with theSunagawa coal-bearing formation ofAsibetu, Utasinai, and Bibai regions(Sorati district).

*) Read June 5, 1952; received Aug. 22, 1952

19

20

2.

Tokio SIIIKAMA

11orokabetu shale formation; ca. 150
m., contemporaneous with the Kamui
shate formation of Sorati district.
3. y ubari coal-bearing formation; ca.
300m., contemporaneous with the
Utasinai coal·bcaring formation ofSorati district.
4. Wakkanabc formation of Sorati district.
5. Bibai coal-bearing formation; ca.
200m., absent or very insufficently
known from the middle to southern
region of the Isikari coalfield.
6. Lower Corbicula-bearing formation;correlated with the Akabira fossiliferous formation (Utasinai) and
Itinosawa sandstone formation (BibaiNaie·Sunagawa ).
7. Takanc formation (Takane coalbsaring formation); ca. 600 m., together with the preceding formation.
8. Woodwardia sandstone formation;
ca. 22 rn.
9. Upper Corbicula-bearing formation
and Penke·Poronai formation; ca.
500 m., corresponding to Hiragisi
fossiliferous formation.
10. Asibetu co:.1l-bearing formation; ca.
400m.
According to Dr. T ASIRO, the so.called
Ikusyunbetu coal-bearing formation of the
middle-southern region corresponds to
the 8th to lOth formations. The W akkanabe formation and the Akabira fossiliferous formation both contain somemarine shells. According to him, theBibai coal-bearing formation contains
some plant remains and shells, such as
Sabalites uipponica (KRYSIITOFOVICH),
Glyptostrobus sp., Taxodium distichum
miocemem HEER. Sequoia Langsdorji.i
BRo~GNIART, Cimzamomzmz sp., Populussp., Ostrea sp., Corbicula sp., Modiola sp.,
Unio sp., Paludina sp. etc. (TAstRo, 1949,'50) Dr. K. SuzUKI reports the following

non· marine shells from the formations
from the Wakkanabe to the lower Corbiwla-bearing (SuzUKI, 1949) ; Viviparus(Cipmzgopa!udina) jimboi SuzuKI, V.
(C.) ishikariensis SuzuKI, V. (Si1wtaia)mabutii SuzuKI, Margaritzfera perdalmrica (YoKOYAMA), Cristaria sasai SuzUKI,
Im•erisidens ishikarimra SuzuKI, Lmzceolaria pjscifonnis (YoKoYAMA), Polymesoda(Geloitza) hokkaidoensis NAGAo & 0TATUME, P. (G.) takaoi NAGAo & OTATUME,
Corbicula (Batissa) sitakaraensis SuzuKI,
C. (Cyretwbatissa) muratai (NAGAo &0rATUME), C. (C.) nisikawai (0TATUME),
C. jap01zica iburica (YoKoYAMA), C.
toktulai (YoKOYAMA). The lsikari groupis considered by him to be Oligocene inage. Dr. F. TAI\AI, reporting the occurrence of Amynodon watmzabei (ToKuNAGA) from the Tatibetu formation of
Uryu coalfield which is correlated to the
Takane formation, regarded the horizonof Tatibetu· Takane to be Latest Eocene
in age (TAKA!, 1950). He proposed thename of Ubean (represented by Ubecoal-bearing formation) or Hosanian (represented by Hozan (Ponsan) formationin North Korea) for this horizon andconsidered it to be contemporaneous with
the Bartonian in Europe and the Uintan
in Am~rica. Hence, t!1e Bibai coal-bearing formation is at least older thanLatest Eocene in age.
The writer wishes to thank Dr. M.
MINATO who entrusted the specimens to
the writer for study, and to Drs. H.
YAnE, Y. SAsA, F. TAKAI, R. ENno, S.
HANZAWA, H. OzAKI and R. ZANGER!.
who gave the writer much help andmany suggestions in the preparation ofthis manuscript.

Sinohadriatms ezoensis sp. nov.
Pl. 2, Text-figs. 1-4

llolotype :-Carapace

from

UtasinaiOn a New Land Turtle from Palaeogene of Hokkaido

Co:.1l Mine, stored in the Institute ofGeology and Mineralogy, Hokkaido University.
Referred specimens :-Gypsum modelof shell from Naie Coal Mine, stored in
the Institute of Geology and Mineralogy,
Hokkaido University.
, Horizon and locality :-Bibai coal-bearing form 1tion of Isikari group : Late
Eocene.

DescriPtion :Holotype Plastral side of the shell
unknown ; shell preserved in dark grey
marly claystone. Large parts of carapace broken away except distal partsof right 5th, 6th, left 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th
and 6th costal, peripheral bones of right,
from 6th to 11th, and left, 1st, 2nd andfrom 6th to lOth. One right peripheral
preserved beside 2nd costal. Left halfof nuchal also preserved. Neural, suprapygal, and pygal unknown entirely, but
their general outline indicated by innercast of carapace.
Shell, oval to nearly quadrate in general outline, not much vaulted, rather
flat, about 170 mm. in median longitudinal length, 149.6 mm. in maximum transverse width. Carapace consists of 1
nuchal, 8 neural, 2 suprapygal, 2 pyg.tl,
8 pairs of costal, and 11 pairs of peripheral.
Nuchal bone pentagonal, with longest
fore-and shortest aft borders ; anteriolateral border running straight but foreand posterio-lateral borders a little
curved. Bone 38.8 mm. and 31.8 mm. in
maximum transverse and longitudinallength respectively; left antero-lateralborder 20.0 mm. long and left posterolateral border 21.7 mm. in direct length.
First neural bone elongate quadrate,
narrow and longest of all. neurals, withboth lateral borders straight and posterior border much convex backward. Second neural bone hexangular, with21

straight a:1d longest postero-lateral border, shortest anterio-lateral border andaft border slightly convex backward.
Third neural bone largest of all neurals,
broader and longer than second, elongate
hexagonal, with shortest antero-lateralborders, straight running and longest
p~stero-later.ll borders, and aft borderslightly curved backward. Fourth neuralat middle of carapace, as broad as long,shorter than third neural, also hexangular. Fifth and sixth neurals resemble
fourth; antero-lateral border shortestand postero-lateral border longest andstraight. Seventh neural bone muchbroader than long, quadrangular, withlongest fore border, gently convex forward, lateral and posterior borders
straight. Eighth neural bone smallest
of all neurals, quadrangular, elongate
transversally, with straight anterior andposterior borders, and much curved lateral borders. In median portion of neurals a column of vertebral centrum nms
straight antero-posteriorly, about 31 to
33 mm. in width.
Dimensions of neural bones follow :
1
18.2
12.0
5
Median length
17.8
Maximum width 15.2

Median length
Maximum width

2
1-\3

15.2
6
ll.5
15.0

3
16.8
16.0
7
10.4
16.9

4
15.0 mm.
15.88
4.9 mm.
12.1

First suprapygal bone quadrangular,
broader than long, longer than eighth
neural and with straight borders; bone
7.9 and 11.5 mm. in median length andmaximum width respectively. Second
suprapygal irregular trape:r..oid, withlongest and gently curved posterior border and with straight and shortest anterior border, former 41.9 mm. and latter
9.4 mm. long ; lat~ral border nearlystraight and 25.0 mm. long; bone 16.1
mm. in· median length.

•22Tokio SHJKAMAFirst pygal bone lenticular with sharply projected both ends ; bone 5.3 mm. and26.8 mm.± in median length and transverse width respectively. Second pygalbone large, quadrate, broader than long,with nearly straight lateral border andwith gently curved anterio and posteriorborders; bone above 21.8 mm. and 30.8
mm. in median length and transverse
width respectively.
Antero-lateral portion of right first
costal bone broken away, and distal
portion of left costal bones from first to
fourth rather poor in preservation. First
costal bone bordered by nuchal ; firstand second neural and second costal
bones, irregularly quadrate, broader thanlong, and with longest posterior border.
Second costal bone bordered proximallyby second and third neurals and anterioposteriorly by first and third costal
Costal 1

r·L.
r.L.

P.W.

2

P.W.
D.W.

3

r·l..

P.W.
D.W.

4

r.L.
P.W.
D.W.

Right
56.0
158

Left
42.2+ mm.
168

!19.5
IfiO
19.0
61.0
18.:;
23.8
fO.O
13.8
18.7

564+
16.0
20.0
58.0+
17.2
23.5
60.4
14.!'>
18.2±

T.L. : Maximum transverse length.
D.W.: Distal fore and hind width.

•

Anterior part of peripheral bones before sixth detached and unpreserved,
except right fourth (?) and left first andfifth peripheral bones, the first mentioned
being attached to distal border of leftsecond costal bone, and the latter two
being preserved along lateral border ofnuchal bone.
First peripheral bone
quadrate, longer than broad, withstraight lateral- and slightly curved
proximal- and distal borders. Fifth pe-bones ; elongate quadrate and slightly
expanded antero-posteriorly in distal
portion ; anterior and posterior borders
nearly straight or slightly curved ; distal
border a little convex outward. Third
to seventh costal bones liked second
costal in general outline and relative
position ; of them third is largest andseventh smallest. Fifth costal bone bordered distally by seventh and eighth
peripheral bones, and sixth costal byeighth and ninth peripheral bones. Eighth costal bone irregularly quadrate withshortest proximal and longest distal borders ; anterior border convex forewardand posterior border nearly straight.
Costal bones moderately thick, about
2.8 mm. at distal portion of left fifth.
Surface of fourth to sixth costal bones
carinated. Dimensions of costal bones
follow:
Costal 5
6
7
8

Right
55.7
r-L.
P.W. 13.6
D.W. 19.0
522
P.W. 12.2
D.W. 16.1!
42.0
11.8
P.W.
D.W. 18.2
32.8
r-L.
1'. w.
9.8
D.W. 18.0

r·L.
r-L.

Left
55.8
13.3
18.0
52.2
12.6
15.7
43.0
'12.2
17.1
35.8
7.8+
19.2

P.W.: Proximal fore· and hind width.

ripheral bone liked first in general outline,
but broader than it proximo-distally.
Sixth to eighth peripheral bones muchbroader than long proximo-distally; theirproximal and distal borders gently curved while lateral borders almost straight.
Ninth peripheral nearly rectangular.
Distal portion of tenth and eleventh
peripheral bones broken away, but they
seem to be broader than long proximodistally. Left eleventh peripheral boneOn a New Land Turtle from Palaeoge(\e of Hokkaido

unpreserved.
Distal free margin of
peripheral hones acute or subacute. Di-

Peripheral

1

{B.P.

Right

L.

5

{B.P.
L.

19.0
{B.P. 20.5±
L.
13.5±
7 {B.
20.0
P. 21.9

Left
13.7 rnm.
17.2
15.2
166
16.5±

6

L.

mensions
follows:ofPeripheral

peripheral

{B.P.
L.
9 {B.
P.
L.
10 {B.
P.
8

L.

11

15.4

(•

P.

L.

23

bones

as

Right Left
19.8
19.4
2.'l8
22.0±
17.8
18:2±
18.3
18.9
23.0± 22.3±
21.6
15.0+
17.8
16.2
22.8
18.8
14.8+
12.2±
2L.O
17.8±

B.: Length along inner border.
P.: Length along periphery.
L. : Proximo-distal length along fore border.

Owing to poor preservation of carapace bones, it is difficult to determine
the precise outline of scutes, especiallythose of median vertebral scutes. The
writer is inclined to assume the following.
First vertebral scute nearly pentagonal,
rather longer than broad ; posterior
lateral sulcus runs through surface ofposterior lateral angle of nuchal bone.
Secon:l interlateral sulcus runs throughposterior part of fourth costal bone, andthird interlateral sulcus also throughthose of sixth costal bone. Sulcus of
posterior border of fifth vertebral scuteprobably runs along anterior border of
second pygal bone, and sulcus of anteriorborder of fifth vertebral scute probably
runs through surface of first suprapygalbone. Fifth vertebral scute irregularly
trapezoidal, very broad transversally.
Second, third and fourth lateral scutes
generally quadrangular or pentangularwith straight interlateral sulci. Third
lateral scute broadening proximally ;proximal border of it 36.4 mm. in length.
Marginal scutes quadrangular. Dimensions of eighth, ninth. and tenth marginal
scutes follow.

Length along
inner
borderWidth along
anterior border

8
9 10
19.7 22.6 - rnm.
\Left
- 21.8 20.8
Right 16.1 188 22.7
{Left
- 16.8 14.8
fRi~htReferred Specimen.
Described by a gypsum model showing
only sulci, and general outline and interrelationship of scutes showing the specimen conspecific with the holotype. Shelloval, rather flat, not high and damaged
in anterior region and peripheral por·tions distal to costo-marginal sulci; 127.0
mm. in median longitudinal length aspreserved, 112.0 mm. in maximum trans·verse width, and 44.0 mm. in maximum
height. If anterior part of nuchal andlast pygal bones restored, about 40 mm.
added to length of the specimen as pre·served, and original length becomes about
167 mrn.; likewise original width may
be near 140 mm.; and dimensions of thespecimen of reference becomes near thatof the holotyp~. Outline of each ofbones unknown.
Second vertebral scute hexagonal ingeneral outline, rather longer than broad,broadest at middle length; posterior

Tokio SIIIKAMA

24

border straight while lateral borders
curved. Third vertebral scute also hexagonal, broader than long, with straightanterior- and posterior borders; anteriorand posterior lateral borders curved.
Fourth vertebral scute hexagonal, muchbroader than long and with straightanterior-, curved posterior- and lateralborders. Surface of vertebral scutes
from second to third very flat, while
those of fourth gently slopzd posteriorly
and those of fifth much inclined backward.
Second lateral scute quadrangular withacute anterio-inner- and posterioperipher-

al angles and obtuse anterior-peripheral
and posterio-inner angles; anterior- andposterior borders straight, both lateralborders curved. Third lateral scute irregularly trapezoidal in general outline,with shortest and straight inner border,
longest and straight anterior border;
posterior border also straight ; outerborder crcnulated.
Marginal scutes all precisely unknown.
Shell mostly eminently vaulted at one
third breadth from inner lateral borders. Surface of shell rather rugose.
Dimensions of scutcs are :Vertebral scute 2Median length . . . . . .. . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. . ... .. . . .. ... 34.5±
Maximum width ...... .. .... ...... .... ..... .... .. . .. ... 34.2
1
Lateral scutc

43......-------.. ____,...____

~

Right

Left

Right

Left Right

38.0
2-tO
54.5

46.0
33.5
33.0

46.8
32.8
31.3

Plastron oval in general outline, 12)mm. long as preserved along medianlongitudinal sulcus seems to be a little
truncated. Femoral scute irregularly
quadrangular with shortest, straight
inner and longest, curved peripheral
borders; anterior border straight, vertical to median longitudinal sulcus. Anal
scute longer than v;ide, trjangular ingeneral outline, with longest straight
median-inner- and shortest curved peripheral borders. Dimensions are :Len:;th along
inner border ......... 20.0
Ditto along
peripheral border ... 40.0±
Ditto along
anterior border ...... 38.0±24
2·1.0 mm.
36.2±~

Maximum transverse length
Width along inner border
Ditto along peripheral border

Rightfemoral

3
28.7
36.5

Right
anal
28.0 mm.
25.0
28.0

Relations/tip :-This species is most re-

Left

Right

Left

46.2± 46.8 27.0± 30.5±
26.0
23.0± 18.0±
38.2
32.5
245±

lated in general size and shape to Si1zohadrianus sit~clmanensis PING from theUpper Eocene of Fan Chuang, SiChuan
Hsien, Honan (Fan Chuang Sereis correlated with Irdin Manha formation in
Mongolia) (PING, 1929), but distinguishedfrom it by relatively broader vertebral
scutes, straight running inter-vertebral
sulcus, more distinct hexagonal outlineof vertebral scutes and neural bones,
posterior border of fourth vertebral
scute running through first suprapygalbone ; in sinchumzensis the border above
mentioned runs through eighth neuralbone. Distinct from the American Hodriatzus by generally smaller and more
flat shell, shorter fourth neural bone,less projected outline of sixth neural, andby first vertebral scute much broader
and expanded anteriorly .. Some speciesof Eclzmatemys, as stewensoniana LEIDYOn n New Land Turtle from Palaeogene of Hokkaido

or wyomingensis LEIDY may be near tothis species, but distinguishable by Jackof the first pygal bone, by narrower
vertebral scutes, and by latero-marginal
sulci of posterior region separated fromthe corresponding costo-peripheral sutures (HAY, 1908).
Remarlls :-Among Far Eastern Palaeogene turtles, there are known, besides
those of Japan and Honan, Anosteiramanclmriana ZANGEr<~. (Upper Eocene ofFu-schun series, S. Manchuria), A. mongoliensis GILMORE (Ulan Shireh and Irdin
Manha formations of Mongolia), Adocus
orienta/is Gu.MonF. (lrdin Manha formation), Sharemys hemispherica GILMORE
and Palaeocltelys elottgata GILMORE (Ulan
Gochu formation o{ Mongolia), and several species of Testudo and Trionyx; theyarc all quite different from this species.
The occurrence of Sinohardriames from
Bibai coal-bearing formation is rather
significant, supporting the opinion thatthe upper part of the lsikari group is
at least Late Eocene in age.
Rr·:FERENcEs
ClllTANI, Y. (1925) "On a New Fossil TriOIIJX from Yamaguchi Prefecture." ]out·.
Ceo/. Soc. Tokyo, vol. 32, 110. 380, pp. 2833. (In Japanese)
Gii.MORE, C. W. (1931) "Fossil Turtles ofMongolia." Bull. Amcr. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
no. 59, pp. 213-257.

25

HAY, 0. (1908) "The Fossil Turtles of North
America." Camegic l11sl. fVashinglotl, Ptl~'·
110. 75, p. 568.
MATSUMOTO, H. (l929) "On a New Fossil
L:md-Turtle from the Eocene of Kyushu."Sci. Rep. Toholm Imp. Univ., ser. 2. t•ol.
13, no. 2, pp. 17-22.
PING, C. (1929) "A New Eocene Land Turtle
from Honan." Btdl. Ceof. Soc. China, vol.
8, 110. :-1, pp. 231-2:18.
SuzUKI, K. (1919) "Development of the Fos·
sil Non-marine Molluscan Faunas in Eastern Asi.1." ]apat~. ]our. Geol. Geogr.. wl.
27, nos. 7-4, p. 98, p. 121.
TAKA!, F. (l938) ·'On a Fossil Land Turtle
Ceoemyda dredged from Saseho-Harbour."]our. Ceo/. Soc. ]ap., vol. 45, 110. 538, pp.
576-577. (In Japanese)- - (1950) •· Am.vnodon wafanabei from the
Lttest Eocene of Japan with a Brief Sum·
mary of the latest Eocene 1\·lammalian
Faunule in Eastern Asia." ReP. Ceo/. Surv.
Japan., 110. 731, p(l. 1-11.
TASIRO, S. (1949) "A Problem about theStratigraphy of lsikari Group." ]our. Ceo/.
Soc. ]apa11., vo/. 55, 110. 648-649, p. 196.
(In jap:mese).
- - (1951) "A Contribution to the Geological
Structure of the lsikari Coalfield." Hok.
kaido Tanko Gizitukai (Coal Mining Association of Hokkaido), p. 64. (In Japanse).
UEJI, T. (1938) "Explanatory Text to the
Geological Map of the I<itamatsuura CoalField." p. 50. (In Japanese).
ZANGF.RL, R. (lg,~7) "A New Anosteirine
Turtle from Manchuria." Fie/diana, Ceo/.,vol. 10, no . .1, pp. 13-21.

26

Tokio SIIIKAMA

Msl2

/

I~
~--

I

/

P~?

I

Explanation of Plate 2
Sitwhadriimus ezoet~is sp. nov.

----....-------\\

Figure 1.

·Holoty~(carapace side)·x0.63Figure 2. Referred specimen Ceara·pace side) x 0.64
Figure s:,_2

Referred specimen
lateral side) x 0.64

(left

T. S111KAMA: New Land Turtle from Hokl<aido

PLATE 2

8

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S. No. 9, pp. 27-29, Pl. I, May, 31, 1953

230. FOSSIL SPECIES OF THE. P ALAEOPNEUSTIDAEFROM JAPAN*
AKIRA MORISHITA
Kyott> Unilletsi.t:l8 -*1M Palaeopneustidae q) ftEII r-:-? ~ -<:: : l1*•:: Palaeopneustidae

K Till-t' C. ~lltft:P q)

ilflftr7.><llJr.t~tdlll? tr..L"' o »~if!f;t1'-l!lJ.>r.fll.l~L-c:co o o 'f-:it;r-:.0 o lli*f:t Pal.auJPncumscf.
erislalflls A. AGASSTZ, Archaeotmeus."tls cf. /ttystri:r (A. AGASSIZ) t'C ho]5i! L tc tJ:, fiii tl. t~i't~lffF~<a~XJ'fiflll .t ~ Jlat <!tt.~lJI;tiUJ>t'"'-~-~-c;;o

o0

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a'i

PaJaeoPneusJ.es cj. cristat.us A. AGAssiZThe

occurrence · of fossil echinoid
Neogene strata of
NakamtU"a, Fukushima Prefe~ture has
been reported by S. NISIY AMA without
description.
Three specimens of Palaeopneustidae
at hand will be described herein. Pa/aeopneustes seems very much allied to
Linopneustes in various· points. Pa/aeop.eustes may be identified for lack offascioles which are very important feature of Li1wpneustes.
Unfortunately
fascioles of fossil Spatangoidal echinoids
are badly preserved. Therefore othergeneric features were considered in thisoccasion too. It is a remarkable factthat they occur invariably in the alternating sands and muds of the typicalt
Tertiary formation (Lower Pliocene, H 1).
I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Professor J. MAKIYA...~tA for his
kimd revision of English and to Mr. K.
NAKASEKO of Osaka University for hiskind offer of the Sp:!cimen.

s

Palaeotmet~Sltl.S from

Pl. J.

fig. 11878 P. cristatus.. A. AGASSIZ, p. 19-2
1880 P. eristet11s, A. AGASSIZ,. p. 81
1885 P. cyistaht.s, R. RUTHBUN., pc 615
1886 P. cri.sJatus, R. Rt.l'L"li.BUN., p. 287
1933 P. cristalus, S. NISlYAM.I\, p. 50, figs.
65A. B
1950 P. crista/us, Th. MoRTENSEN, p. 19l.
pls. IV (fig. Z); VIII (fig. 1); XXTI
(figs. 7, 9-12, rs: rg); xxm (figs. n.
12. 20)DescriPtion.:-The test is roundly (o;Ooical in shape, comparatively high. The
oral side is flat. The frontal depressionis lacking. The· aborai side is usually
evenly arched from the margin of test
to the apex.
The ambulacra are not deprtssed.
distinctly petaloid and open distally.
They are gradually widened towards
the distal ends of th<! petals. The odd
anterior one is narrower and longer
than the other four. The paired ambulacra are longer than the 3/4 radiusof test. The interporiferous zones arebroad and: occa.py the 2/'3· width ofpetals..

DEScRIP'I:ION oF SPECIEs"' R£ad June 22. 1952; received July 16. !952.
27

28

Akira MoRISHITA

The apical system is central. The
genital pores and madreporite are indistinct.
The periproct is indistinct
because of the lacking of the posterior
margin of test. The marginal and subanal fascicles are wanting.
The posterior paired ambulacra on
the oral side are naked. The peristome
is at the 1/6 diameter from the anterior
ambitus. The labrum is considerably
prominent.

Measurements:Longitudin:tl diameter: ~bout 89 mm.
Transverse diameter : 85 mm.
Height : 30 mm.

Remarks :-The posterior part of thespecimen under examination is broken,
missing about 1/5 of the longitudinal
diameter, but the oral and aboral sides
are considerably well preserved.
According to A. AGASSIZ (1880) PalaeoP1teustes hystrix is more flattened than
Palaeopneustes cristatus. In spite of thesmaller height and the longer ambulacra
this specimen belongs to P. cristatus inview of the various features.
. Geological Horizon :-Nadachi Formation (Lower Pliocene, H).
. Locality :-Sendo, Isobe-Mura, Nishi·
Kubiki-Gun, Niigata Prefecture.
Arclzaeopnettstes cf. hystrix (A. AGASsiz)
Pl.
1880
18S5
1886
1892
1950

l figs. 2. 3

P. liystrix. A. AGASSIZ, p. 82
P. llystrix. R. RUTHBUN, p. 615
P. hystrix. R. RUTHBUN, p. 288
A. hystri,-, J. W. GREGORY. p. 163
A. hystrix. Til. 1\-IORTE:-ISEN, p. 195,
pls. IV (fig. 1); V (figs. 1-2); VI (fig.
1); VII (figs. 1-2); XXH (figs. 2-4, 8,
13. 15 17) :(figs. 1. 14)

xxm

Description :-The test is large elliptical in shape and gently arched from the~mbitus to the ap7.x.

The oral side isfiat. There is no frontal depression.
The ambulacra are not depressed,
distinctly petaloid and open distally.
They are remarkably widened fromthe apex to the ambitus. The odd anterior one is narrower than the otherfour. The paired ambulacra are as longas the 3/4 radius of test. The odd anterior and posterior paired one areindistinct in length because of the damage of posterior margin. The width ofpo.riferous zone of petals is nearly thesame as the interporiferous zone.
The apical system situates at thecentre and the apex of test. The periproct is not distinct, but it seems to beat the posterior margin. The marginaland subanal fascioles are wanting.
The posterior paired ambulacra on
the oral side are naked. The peristome
is remarkably partial at the 1/6 diameter from the anterior ambitus. The
labrum forms a prominent lip.

llfeasuremenis :Specimen Specimen
from
Shizuoka:\liyazaki

fromLongitudinal diameter: 126 mm .
Transvers~ diameter: 107 mm.
Height : 38 mm.

93mm.
105 mm.
17mm.

Remarks :-Two specimens are at mydisposal. One was collected from Shizuoka Prefecture, and another from Miyazaki Prefecture. The latter is considerably pressed and deformed. Although
this specimens are very' much allied to
Littopneustes, I identified it as Archaeopneustes, because it has no depression ofanterior ambitus and fascioles. Preservation of the specimen from Shizuoka
is very well, except the damage ofposterior margin. The description isbased upon this sp~imen.
This species is different from Palaeo-

A. M ORISUI'rA : Palaeopneustidae

Pt.ATE 3

Fossil Species of the Palaeopneustidae from Japan

pneustes cristattts in the flattened test,

29

REFERE~CES

the distant pores of ambulacra and theuniformly spreading of amb:.llacra. It
differs from Palaeopneustes grattdis in
point of the longer ambulacra, too.

AGASSIZ, A. (1878), Rep. on the Echini"Blake". Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo!., V
AGASSIZ, A. (1880), Pre!. Rep. Echini "Blake"
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo/., Vll!, no. 2
GREGORY. ]. W. (1892). Arclzaeop11eustes ab.
ruptus. A New Genus and Species of
Echinoid from the Oceanic Series in Barb·
adoes. Quat. ]ourtl. Geol. Sec., XLVIII
MORTEKSE:-:. TH. (1930), A Monograph of
Echinoidea, V. Spatan~oida 1
NISIYAMA, S. (1933). Echinodermata, lwana·mi·Koza (1\fanual of Geology and Palaeon·
tology)RUTHBUl\, R. (1885). Rep. Echini " Albatross"
Gulf of Mexico. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,t•ol. 8RUTHBtlN. R. (1886), Cat. Echini U. S. Nat.
,Vfus., vol. 9

Geological Horizons: Tenno Sandstone(Lower Pliocene, H 1)?
Kiyotake Alternation (Lower Pliocene, Ht).
Localities :-Near Kal<egawa-Cho, OgasaGun, Shizuoka Prefecture.
West of Kiyotake Station, KiyotakeMura, Miyazaki·Gun, Miyazaki Prefecture.

.

3

Explanation of Plate I

Figure 1. Palaeopneusles cf. crista/us A. AGASSIZ.
Loc. Niigata Pre£., Nadachi Formation.
Aboral side.
Figure 2. ArchacoP11eustes cf. h)'strix (A. AGASSIZ). Loc. Miyazaki Pref.. Kiyotake Alternation.
Aboral side.
Figure 3. Archaeopl/tustes cf. h)'slrix (A. AGASSIZ). Loc. Shizuoka Pref., Ten no Sandstone.
Aboral side.

Proceedings ot ~ Palatoc~ologjcal ·Society 0f Japan

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... lchiro HAYASAKA and Syozo HAYASAKA
Mya-B~d in Hokkaido; a Preliminary Note ...
.................................... lchiro HAYASAI<A
ftiJ #Vrti!i: rf1¥f1lt <1.> Pectinidae (.?c Q) 2) ........ ..
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................................................... ~"F. ll1r
On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs
of Sendai pt. 4 ............... Koichiro MASUDA'lil"l!!:!wHilffli Vicorya :&u Vicaryef/o K ~v·l:'~~.&v:.:tcftiVt!J.~tT.Jti~~U.I: v.J:t~(-Htl)( i~W!C) .......................................... ilUJ!l'<~................................................... i'ltll:l~f,t'lft~mm:r.~lft.J: I) ~*~~:uQ)~.J!
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.................................. Yasuhiko KAMADA~·:bl~ :;,~111:1¥:MftllJ~r/ffHt?illf (ftilll!)......

............ ...................................... *!t;tfl;ff
A Find of Pseud:;spidoceras from Hokkaido,
Japan (ft:Hn ..... Tatsuro MATSUMOTO and
Wataru HASHIMOTO
Hamalefla, a New Permian Genus of Brachiopoda. and a New Species from the Kitakami
Mountains, Japan (itlil'f), .. fchiro HAYA5.\KA
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CONSTITUTION
of the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPANARTICLE 1. Name
The Society shall be known as the Palaeontological Society of Japan. The Society is a sectionof the Geological Society of Japan.
ARTICI.E 2. Object
The object of the SOciety shall be to promote the study of palaeontology and related sciences.
ARTICLE 3. Achievement
The Society in order to execute Article 2 shall ( a) issue the Society journal and other publi·
cations, ( b ) hold or spons:>r scientific lectures and meetings, and ( c ) sponsor collecting or
field trips, and lectut es.
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The Society shall be composed of pets)ns who are active of interested in palaeontology or
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ARTICLE 8. The SoCiety's journal shall be issued three times a year.
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