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1For Teachers: When you use Dual method, please have the students do the shadowing after you. Then havethem read by them self. And correct their pronunciation, through all of this material.

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イートックのレッスン以外で使用禁止 Ban to use this without eTOC lesson.

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Part2 Lesson5.Pre1-3.3-2019.1chobun スマホの方は横にしてご覧下さい

Oxford and Cambridge

Between the fourteenth and nineteenth centuries, more than 100
6universities were founded or reestablished on the European continent.
7In England, however, only two universities, Oxford and Cambridge,
8existed until the 1820’s. This was because of the “Stanford Oath,” enacted
9in 1334 by King Edward III, which made all graduates of Oxford and
10 Cambridge swear they would not pass on the knowledge they had acquired
11 to students outside of the two existing institutions. The oath was
12 mandatory and strictly enforced. In 1686, for example, Oxford graduate
13 Charles Morton faced criminal charges for establishing independent
14 academy in London. After repeated arrests, he eventually immigrated to15 North America, where he became president of Harvard College.
516

Further Questions & Sample AnswersFor Teachers: Please use the direct method like CALLANfor this part. 1. Ask student to answer the question on their own at first. 2. Then read the “sample answer”. 3.
Tell student to close their eyes. 4. Let them repeat after you again. Because student can’t see the answer. 5.
Have the student try to memorize the answer. 6. Once they have memorized the answer, ask the question one
last time.

171) What was the Stanford Oath was all about.

It was mandated by the King requiring students not to pass knowledge
19 outside the universities.
18202) What did Charles Morton do?

He was arrested for breaking the oath, immigrated and founded Harvard
22 College and became president.
212324The Stanford Oath allowed Oxford and Cambridge to maintain a monopoly
25 over higher education in England for centuries. To enforce the oath, they
26 needed the support of the government, which was closely tied to the nation’sreligious establishment. Both of the government and the country’s official
church happily cooperated, as the monopoly allowed them to quickly andefficiently identify and put an end to movements that threatened theirauthority. The fourteenth-century Lollard movement that emerged among
intellectuals at Oxford, for example, criticized things such as the taxexempt status of the church and called for reforms. In response, thegovernment and the church united to suppress the protesters until themovement was driven underground. Furthermore, at Cambridge in 1570,
students rebelled against laws put in place by Queen Elizabeth I which
forced the university to ban ideas that went against the church’s teachings.
Three students involved in this rebellion were the early leaders of thePuritan religious movement, and they faced persecution by English
authorities until they immigrated to North America.

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Further Questions & Sample Answers3) What happened in the fourteenth century?

The Lollard movement arose criticizing the system such as tax exempts
and make changes.
4) What came out as a result of this protest?

Three students involved in this rebellion faced persecution andimmigrated.
32333435363738394041

In the early nineteenth century, the government and church underwent
a period of crisis that damaged their cooperation and authority.
Taking advantage of this, intellectuals began questioning the unique statusof Oxford and Cambridge and, in 1827, succeeded in their efforts to end theStanford Oath.
Around that same time, London University began enrolling students.
A radical experiment, the school was established with neither funding nor
consent from the government or the church, and it was made clear that
religious faith was not an admission requirement.
Though this led both the government and the church to speak out against thenew institution’s establishment, they were unwilling or unable to involve
themselves in actively attempting to close down the new university.

Further Questions & Sample Answers
42 5) What caused the intellectuals to take advantage of abolishing the434445

Stanford Oath?

There was a problem at this time existing between the government and theChurch.
6) How did London University operate?

Its enrolled students without consent from both the Church and the47 government.
46

By the end of nineteenth century, instead of opposing new English
49 institutions Oxford and Cambridge had become involved in creating them.
50 For instance, Benjamin Jowett, an Oxford teacher, was a strong advocate
51 for funding a new university in Bristol, and funds were raised at Oxford
52 for this purpose.
53 Jowett’s support for Bristol was part of a plan whereby
54 Oxford would broaden its reach through the establishment of new55 institutions.
56 These would loyally educate students in line with Oxford’s
57 principles, and their most capable graduates would be brought to58 Oxford.
59 As it turned out, however, the new universities remained wholly
60 independent, eventually lessening the longstanding influence of Oxford
61 and Cambridge in English public life.
48

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Further Questions & Sample Answers
63 7) How did Oxford and Cambridge involve themselves in establishing new62

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institutions?

There were funds raised at Oxford for more universities, train students
and bring graduates to Oxford.
8)What was the result after new institutions were established?

67

The new universities separated from Oxford and became independent.

68*Choose the correct answer from these choices.

(38) What was true of England between the fourteenth and nineteenth
centuries?
70 1. Universities on the European continent were considered so superior to
English ones that there was a little demand for new universities inEngland.
71 2. England had far fewer universities than the rest of Europe because
graduates were prohibited from teaching at new educational institutions.
72 3. The reputations of England’s two universities were so well establishedthat other universities in Europe were unable to compete with them.
73 4. Charles Morton’s establishment of an educational institution in London
had a significant effect on the way the public viewed education.
6974(39) The government and church in England united in support of Oxford
and Cambridge to76 1. Ensure that attacks on the Lollard and Puritan movements did not
spread outside the universities.
77 2. Enable intellectual movements in England to compete with thoseoccurring in continental Europe.
78 3. Put a stop to the crisis that had resulted from the universities having topay more taxes than other institutions.
79 4. Make it easier to prevent the rise of groups of intellectuals whochallenged the accepted political or religious order75

80(40) In the third paragraph, what do we learn about London University?
82
1. Students there encouraged students at other universities to oppose the“Stanford Oath” by ignoring attempts to legally enforce it.
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2. It was established by people whose ultimate goal was to become part ofeither Oxford or Cambridge.
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3. The government approved its establishment in order to show itswillingness to make changes and therefore gain popularity with the public.
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4. It was established without the permission of the ruling powers inEngland and was criticized by them because of this.
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P4 | Copyright © 2020 by eTOC-surely work-All Rights Reserved 長文読解デュアルメソッド英検準 1 級(41) What was Benjamin Jowett’s idea for the English higher education
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system?
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1. He wanted to end Oxford’s rivalry with Cambridge in order to improve
the overall quality of education in England.
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2. He believed connections with a group of new institutions could expanduniversity’s influence throughout England.
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3. He wanted to decrease universities’ association with the government byensuring each one could become financially independent.
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4. He believed that Oxford’s courses needed to be brought more in linewith the university’s original educational standards.
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Answers: (38)2 (39)4(40)4 (41)2