ISS N 0031-0204

Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series

No.

153

P a laeo nto logica l Society of Japan
April 30,

1989

Co-Editors

Hisayoshi Igo, Hiroshi Noda and Kei Mori
Editorial Board

Yoshikazu Hasegawa (Yokohama National University), Itaru Hayami (University of Tokyo),
Hisayoshi Igo (University ofTsukuba), Makoto Kato (Hokkaido University), Itaru Koizumi (Osaka
University), Yasumochi Matoba (Akita University), Kei Mori (Tohoku University), Hiroshi Noda
(University of Tsukuba), Kazushige Tanabe (University of Tokyo), Tsunemasa Saito (Yamagata
University), Kazuhiko Uemura (National Science Museum), Akira Yao (Osaka City University)

Officers for 1989-1990
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The fossil on the cover is Phillipsia ohmorensis Okubo, an Early Carboniferous trilobite
from the Hikoroichi Formation in the Higuchizawa valley, Ofuna to City, Iwate Prefecture, northeast Japan (Collected by A. Haga, PAt 5766, X3.0; after Kobayashi and
Hamada, 1980, pI. 6, fig. 4).
All communication relating to this journal should be addressed to the

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Trans. Proc. Palaeonl. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 153, pp. I-II, 4 Figs., April 30, 1989

870.

AN EARLY CRETACEOUS (EARLY MIDDLE ALBIAN) PLANKTONICFORAMINIFERAL FAUNA FROM THE HINAGU FORMATION OF
NORTHERN KYUSHU, JAPAN*
HIROSHI NISHI
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science,
Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990

SATOSHI YOKOTA
Department of Geology, Faculty of Science,
Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812
and

TSUNEMASA SAITO
Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science,
Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990

Abstract. A fairly well-preserved planktonic foraminiferal assemblage was recoveredfrom the Hinagu Formation when recovery of radiolarian was attempted from a siliceous
mudstone by applying the hydrofluoric acid extracting method. The assemblage comprises
Globigerinelfoides barri (Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan), Hedbergelfa delrioensis (Carsey), H.
planispira (Tappan), H. 'rocoidea (Gandolfi), and Ticinelfa prim lila Luterbacher. The joint
occurrence of the Albian species of T. primliia and G. barri which had been known only
from the late Aptian is used to establish an early middle Albian age of the fauna. An
ammonite assemblage consisting of two species had previously been used to assign an early
Aptian age to the lower half of the Hinagu Formation. This ammonite age contradicts ages
indicated by both planktonic foraminifera and radiolarians. The Yatsushiro Formation
which is considered to unconformably overlie the Hinagu Formation also had been dated byammonites as late early Albian. Microfossil ages are not yet available for this formation.
If the ammonite age is unequivocal for this formation, those ammonite-bearing lithofacies
labeled as the Yatsushiro Formation are likely to be a coeval but shallower water facies ofthe Hinagu Formation.
Key words.

Hinagu Formation, planktonic foraminifera, Albian

Introduction

Ammonites and inoceramids have longplayed a prime role in establishing biostratigraphic ages of marine Cretaceous strata inJapan. Because of the long distance from'Received July 4, 1988; accepted December 4, 1988

Japan to the stratotype areas of mari ne
Cretaceous stages in Europe, few molluscan
species are in common between these tworegions. However, paleontologists haverelied on faunal similarities at the genericlevel to establish a long-distance correlationof Japanese Cretaceous marine strata.
Therefore, it would be quite interesting toHiroshi Nishi el al.

2

in Japanese Cretaceous rocks of such planktonic microfossils have come to be realized
only in recent years. This is particularly true
for those highly indurated and structurally
complex sequences in southwestern Japan
which were emplaced as the accetionary
wedge complex along the subduction zone.
An early middle Albian planktonic foram-

evaluate these molluscan ages with dates indicated by such planktonic microfossils as theRadiolaria and foraminifera, which haveincreasingly been used in recent years as ameans to establish inter-regional correlation.
With the exception of Cretaceous strata in
Hokkaido and in some parts of northeasternJapan which are rich in megafossils, inclusion~ Siliceous mudstone~Tuff@Mudstonee~l Sandstoneo_.t::==-__'

300m

II'

1.(;1:3 ·Yatsushiro· formation
Imn::::] Upper Member
f:.;.. ;~ Middle Member }Hinagu
L'i:::!lower Member---Fault---- Estimated faulto-Y- Overturned syncline axis

1000

2000m

III_1Ii::::::==_1_1Ii:::::::::::::j1+-+-

Syncline axis
Anticline axis

Formation

f::'·...·1 Basal Member~ Hachiryuzan formation!;---~ Ikenohara Format ion
t~~~:;,;";j Serpentine..... locality of Ammonites

Figure 1. Geologic map of the Albian microfossil locality and vicinity. Plan map in the upper-leftinset covers the area marked "A" in the geologic map (lower-left corner) to give details around themicrofossil locality, H-168. The Yatsushiro Formation is shown in quotes, as it has since been renamed"the Kesado Formation" by Tashiro and Ikeda (1987). See text for further discussion.

870 .

Albian planktonic f oraminifera fro m Ky ushu
inifera l faun a describ ed in thi s a rticl e is o neof such ex ampl es where attempts at datin g by
mea ns o f radiol ari a ns fo rtuit o usly freed well preserved ca lca reo us form s. Th ese specimen s were fo und in res idu es a ft er trea tin g a
hi ghl y indurated silice o us rock with a 3%
so luti o n o f HF fo r recove ry o f rad io la ri a ns.
Th e fora minifera l fa un a was di scove red by
S. Yo ko ta who had bee n process i ng a la rge
number of rock s for radi o lari a n fo ss il s ino rd er to es tabli sh age s o f strata whi ch he wasma ppin g. He is res po nsibl e fo r th e id entifi ca ti o n a nd age di scu ss io n o f radi o lari a ns
prese nted in thi s paper. Th e two o th er
a uth o rs have exa min ed th e pl a nktoni c fo raminifera.

Geologic setting
I--+rrTTTTTTn. Sam pie(H-168)•..

Siliceous mudstone......... Tuff..........

~"'":"0°:".": "MudstonefEE] Sandstone

Figure 2. Column a r secti o n sh ow in g ge ne ra lize d lith o log ic success io n a nd micro fo ss il ho ri zo n inth e Hin ag u Fo rmati o n as meas ured in a va ll ey so uthwes t o f Im a iz umi , w hi c h is m a rk ed as the a rea A in
the geo log ic m a p (Fi g ure I). Vo id s in th e se que nce
re prese nt co ncea led interva ls.

Th e lower middl e Albi a n pl a nkto ni c micro foss il s described in thi s paper is recove red
fro m th e Hin agu Fo rm ation di stributed in ahill y a rea to th e so uth eas t o f Y atsushiro C ity,
Kum a mo to Prefecture. Ma tsum o to a nd
Kanmera (1 964) described in deta il th e geo logy o f thi s are a in a 15 - minute qu adra ngle
geo log ic ma p o f Ja pa n na med " Hin ag u" .
Figure I illu st rates th e ge nera l geo logy o f thestud y area base d o n their wo rk plus so me
modifi ca ti o n made by o ne o f the a uth o rs (S .
Yo ko ta ) as a res ult o f hi s ow n fi eld wo rk .
Th e o ld est strata expose d in th e a rea o f
Fi gure I are th e Ik e no ha ra F o rm ati o n
co nta inin g latest Jurass ic (ea rl y Tith o ni a n)radi o larian s (Y o kota a nd Sa no, 1984). The
nex t o ld est rock unit is th e Hac hiryuza n
Fo rm ati o n o f a poss ibl y Neoco mi a n age .
The Hin ag u Fo rm ati o n rests di sco nfo rma bly o n the Hachiryuza n Fo rm ati o n, but its
relati o nship with the Jurass ic Ik eno hara Fo rmati o n ca n not be asce rta in ed beca use th ese
two fo rm ati o ns a lways co me into co ntact
with a fa ult in th e study area. Fo ur di stin ct
lithofac ies enabl e the subdi visio n o f th e
Hin ag u Fo rm ati o n into four members (Fi gure 2) . Th e basa l member co nsists o f basa lco nglo mera te a nd co nglo merati c coa rse -H iroshi N ishi (:' 1 01.

870.

Albian planktonic foraminifera from Kyushu

grained sandstone intercalating a small
amount of shales. The lower member istypified by irregular sequences of such diverse
lithologies as medium-to-fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, massive sandy black siltstone,
and interbeds of sandstone and siltstone.
Several layers of grayish white tuff andsiliceous mudstone are intercalated in various
horizons. Carbonaceous matters, plant fragments and brackish-water moll usks aboundat certain levels in the lower member. The
middle member consists largely of wellstratified, medium-to-fine-grained sandstoneand subordinate amounts of shale. A 20-m
thiCk bed composed of IO-cm thick interbeds
of siliceous mudstone, tuffaceous siltstone
and tuffaceous sandstone marks the top of the
middle member. Sample H-168 yielding
both the planktonic foraminifera andradiolarians described in this paper was collected from the siliceous mudstone layer inthis 20-m thick bed. The locality lies in atributary of the Imaizumi River which is oneof the tributaries of the Kuma River (Figure
I, upper left inset). The upper member ofthe Hinagu Formation is composed of massive black mudstone which intercalates at
irregular intervals laminae and thin layers ofsiltstone.
The Yatsushiro Formation is the youngest
unit exposed in the study area and it unconformably overlies the Hinagu Formation.
The formation consists predominantly of conglomerate and coarse-to-medium-grainedsandstone and grades upwards into interbeds
of fine-grained sandstone and siltstone.
The Hinagu Formation in the study area
forms essentially a broad EN E-SWS-trending overturned fold whose southern limb isstratigraphically vertical or inverted. The
northern edge of the fold is demarcated by alinear belt of serpentinite. Just to the north

5of this serpentinite belt, there lies anotherlinear belt of Cretaceous strata comprising a
seq uence from the Yatsushiro Formation
upwards. Since the Yatsushiro Formation
developed in the area north of the serpentinite
belt also yields ammonites, the Cretaceus
strata north of the serpentinite will be referred
to as the northern belt and those south of it as
the southern belt in the ensuing discussion.

Systematic description
All the species encountered in this study
are presented below. Synonymies are limited to the original reference plus some additional references which either effected taxonomic changes or provided high-quality
illustration. AlI the figured specimens aredeposited in the microfossil collection of
Department of Earth Sciences, Yamagata
University, Yamagata, Japan.
Family GlobigerinelIoididae Longoria, 1974
Subfamily GlobigerineIIoidinae Longoria,
1974
Genus Globigerinelloides Cushman and Ten
Dam, 1948

Globigerinelloides barri (Bolli, Loeblich andTappan)Figures 3-8a - b
Biglobigerinel/a barri Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan,
1957, p. 25, pI. I, figs. 13-18.
Globigerinel/oides barri (Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan).
Longoria, 1974, p. 80-82, pI. 4, figs. 1-3, 8, 14, pI.
5, figs. 9-16, pI. 27, fig. 19; Leckie, 1984, p. 593,
pI. 2, figs. 1-4.

Remarks: - Some authors (e.g. Moullade, 1966; Kuhry, 1971) regarded thisspecies to be a junior synonym of Globiger-~
Figure 3. Albian planktonic foraminifera from the Hinagu Formation, Kyushu. All from Sample
H-168. Scale bars, A-C equal 100 Jim; A applies to 8, B to 1-3,5-6, and C to 4. From 1 to 7, a, dorsal
views, b, side views, c, umbilical side views. 1-3. Ticinel/a primula Luterbacher. 4. Hedbergel/aplanispira (Tappan). 5-6. Hedbergel/a trocoidea (Gandolfi). 7. Hedbergel/a delrioensis (Carsey). 8.
Globigerinelloides barri (Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan). a, side view and b, umbilical view.

Hiroshi Nishi el al.

6

nor designate the type specimen. In order toavoid taxonomic confusion surrounding thisspecies, Longoria (1974) erected the neotype
which came from the type locality gi\'en by
Carsey. Unknowingly, Masters (1977, p.
457) proposed another neotype. This second
neotype is invalid in light of the Code ofZoological Nomenclature. In this species,
the number of chambers in the last whorl
varies from four and a half to six and thedorsal side is flat or nearly flat. In Japan,
this species has been recorded from theAptian Choshi Group, Kwanto Region(Obata el al., 1982) and from the Middle
Yezo Group, central Hokkaido (Takayanagi
and Iwamoto, 1962). Those figured specimens from Hokkaido show a very low andslightly invaginated dorsal side and possess a
pseudo-planispiral coiling. We consider
such morphological features are not indicative of H. delrioensis.
Occurrence: - A rare species in the present assemblage.

inelloides algerianus Cushman and Ten Dam.
This species differs from G. algerianus inbeing circular in outline, rather than elliptical, and having a thicker test. The species
typically displays evolute coiling, and peculiar knobbly ornamentations cover the early
portion of the test surface.
Occurrence: - A rather rare species in thepresent assemblage.
Family Hedbergellidae Loeblich andTappan, 1961
Subfamily Hedbergellinae Loeblich andTappan, 1961
Genus Hedbergella Bronnimann and
Brown, 1958

Hedbergella delrioensis (Carsey)
Figures 3-7a - c

Globigerilla crelacea d'Orbigny var. delrioensis Carsey, 1926, p. 43.
Hedbergella delrioellsis (Carsey). Loeblich andTappan, 1961, p. 275, pI. 2, figs. 11-13; Longoria,
1974, p.54-55, pI. 10, figs. 1-12, pI. 13, figs. 3-5,
15-18, pI. 26, figs. 10-11 ; Maiya and Inoue in
Obata el al. (1982), p. 155-156, pI. 4, figs. I a-c ;Leckie, 1984, p. 598, pI. I, fig. 12, pI. 9, figs. 1-4,8;Caron, 1985, p. 57, text-figs. 25, 6-7.

Hedbergella planispira (Tappan)
Figures 3-4a - c

Globigerilla planispira Tappan, 1940, p. 122, pI. 19,
fig. 12.
Hedbergella planispira (Tappan). Loeblich andRemarks: - Carsey ( 1926) did not ill ustrate

Stege

Planktonic fornminiferol Zones([oron. 1985)

I

AplionAlbianI[

lole

Middlelote.~....""
.

:::
.. Q

"

'-'~

c~

~~~

Globigerinelloides barr; (oolli. Loeblich and Tappan)-----

HedbergelllJ defrioensis (Carsey)~.~

HedbergelllJ plonlspirlJ (Tappnn)
Hedbergello troco/deo (GandolfO

Tic/nella primultJ Luterbacher

Figure 4. Known stratigraphic ranges of five taxa present in the Hinagu assemblage plotted toplanktonic foraminiferal zones of Caron (1985). Correlation of the zonation with the standard Cretaceousstages also adopted from her work. Extension of ranges suggested by dashed lines is based on the present
work.

870.

Albian planktonic foraminifera from Kyushu

Tappan, 1961, p. 276, pI. 5, figs. 4-11 ; Leckie,
1984, p. 599, pI. 9, figs. 6- 7; Caron, 1985, p. 59,
text-figs. 25, 23-24

Remarks: - This small but distinct
species is characterized by its very low dorsalside and in having from seven to eight chambers in the last whorl. This species has been
observed without showing much variationfrom the Aptian to Turonian.
Occurrence: - Common in the present
assemblage.
Hedbergella trocoidea (Gandolfi)
Figures I-Sa - 6c

Anomalina lorneiana (d'Orbigny) var. trocoidea Gandolfi, 1942, p. 99, pI. 2, figs. I a-c, pI. 4, figs. 2-3, pI.
13, figs. 2a-b, 5a-b;. Banner and Blow, 1959, p. 18.
Hedbergella trocoidea (Gandolfi). Caron and Luterbacher, 1969, p.23, pI. 7, figs. I a-2c; Longoria,
1974, p.69, pI. 17, figs. 10-16, pI. 18, figs. 3-5;
Leckie, 1984, p. 599, pI. 3, f1gs. 1-4; Caron, 1985,
p. 60, text-figs. 25, 17-18.

Remarks: - Caron and Luterbacher (1969)
re-examined the type specimens of Gandolfi(1942) and designated the lectotype. This
species is characterized by its distinctly tl"Ochoidal dorsal side and by having embracing
chambers. H. trocoidea has been reported
from the Middle Yezo Group of Hokkaido,
Japan by Takayanagi and Iwamoto (1962).
Their figured specimens are somewhat concave dorsally and have a tendency towards
pseudoplanispiral coiling that makes themnot synonymous with H. trocoidea. We
would instead identify their specimens withTicinella primula Luterbacher.
Occurrence: - A rare species in the present assemblage.
Family Rotaliporidae Sigal, 1958
Subfamily Ticinellinae Longoria, 1974
Genus Ticinella Reichel, 1950
Ticinella primula Luterbacher
Figures 3-1 a -3c

7

Ticinella primula Luterbacher, in Renz, Luterbacher
and Schneider, 1963, p. 1085, text-fig. 4; Ewing elal., 1966, p.754, text-figs. 3-5; Sigal, 1966, p.
198-199, pI. 3, figs.II-14b; Longoria, 1974, p.
96-98, pI. 25, figs. 1-6, pI. 26, figs. 12-14; Leckie,
1984, p. 600, pI. 6, figs. 1-6; Caron, 1985, p. 79,
text-figs. 36, 6-7.

Remarks: - Variant forms with six and ahalf to eight chambers in the final whorl havebeen identified with this species by various
authors. Specimens from the Hinagu Formation generally possess seven chambers.
This species is characterized by having a flat
dorsal side and by showing a tendency
towards pseudo-planispiral coiling in larger
specimens. Because of the acid extraction
technique used to free microfossils, only portion of the porticus remains on most of thespecimens in the present assemblage. One
small specimen (Figure. 3-3a - c) shows,
however, a well-developed porticus at theumbilical margin of the last chamber.
Occurrence: - This species is common in
the Hinagu Formation.
Age of microfossil fauna
Planktonic foraminifera: - Figure 4 summarizes graphically the known stratigraphic
range of those taxa recognized in the Hinagu
Formation. The evolutionary lineage of the
gen us Ticinella is particularly well known(Sigal, 1966; Longoria, 1974). In the basal
Albian, T. primula evolved from T.
bejaouensis which in turn descended f~om
Hedbergella trocoidea in the latest Aptian.
T. primula became extinct in the middle partof late Albian. Globigerinelloides barri has
so far been shown to be restricted to the upper
Aptian interval. Its joint occurrence in ourmaterial with T. primula, whose stratigraphic
range has been well established by several
authors, and the little record of G. barri
existing in the literature are together taken to
indicate that G. barri ranged somewhat longer up into the lower middle Albian. All
the other species have much longer stratigra-

8

Hiroshi Nishi el al.

phic ranges. Based on the Albian range ofT. primula and the associated occurrence of
G. barri, we assign an early middle Albian
age to the fauna.

Radiolaria: - A rich radiolarian assemblage was recovered from the same rock sample that yielded the planktonic foraminiferal
fauna described above. The radiolarianassemblage is characterized by: 1) abundance of species to be classified under the
Cryptothoracic Nassellaria, 2) presence ofdiverse forms belonging to the family Archaeodictyomitridae, and 3) abundant presence of Discoidea. In addition, species
belonging to such genera as Eucyrtis.
Ultranapora. Acaeniotyle. Praeconocalyomma. and Archaeospongoprunum are relatively
common. Characteristic species of theassemblage include Holoclyptocanium barbui
Dumitrica, Thanarla praeveneta Pessagno,
Eucyrtis tenuis (RUst), Stichocapsa euganea
Squinabol, Acaeniotyle diaphorogona Foreman, Pselldodictyomitra puga (Schaaf), andTriactoma hybum Foreman. This radiolarian assemblage comprising abundant speciesof the Cryptothoracic Nassellaria, including
the genus Holocryptocanium, is closelycomparable with the HoloClyptocanilll11 barbui - H. geysersensis Assemblage of N akaseko
and Nishimura (1981). The present assemblage also contains some species diagnostic of
the older Acaeniotyle umbilicata- Ultranapora
praespinifera and Eucyrtis tenuis Assemblages of Nakaseko and Nishimura (1981).
There are also many species which occur in
the Acaeniotyle lImbilicata and Stichocapsa
ellganea Assemblages of Sanfilippo andRiedel (1985) as well as in the Kozurillm
zingulai and Parvicingllla- Thanalra conica
Assemblages of Pessagno (1977). Theseauthors assign the S. ellganea Assemblage tothe lower Aptian and A. lImbilicata Assemblage to the upper Aptian to Albian interval.
The present radiolarian fauna is on the whole
most closely allied with the faunas characterizing the upper Aptian to lower middle

Albian interval. The lower member of the
Hinagu Formation yields only poorly preserved radiolarians. The presence of H. barbui is, however, noted in these lower Hinagu
Formation assemblages. Sanfilippo andRiedel (1985) showed this species to have ashort range from the lower Albian to thebasal Cenomanian. There are, however,some authors who claim the range of H.
barblli to begin somewhat earlier. Therefore, age of the Hinagu Formation, particularly of its lower part, is likely to extend
downwards to the Aptian.

Age suggested by ammonite faunas
Matsumoto et al. (1980) described four
species of ammonites and one species ofnautiloid from the Yatsushiro Formation
which is said to unconformably overlie the
Hinagu Formation yielding the planktonic
microfossils described in this paper. Of
these, three are new species, one is identified
to the genus, and one is provisionally compared to the genus. These authors consider the
cephalopod fauna to be possibly of middle orlate early Albian age and three main reasons
are given to support this conclusion.
Firstly, their new species Brewericeras
enorme Matsumoto is regarded to be closely
allied to Brewericeras hlilenense (Anderson)
which is an index species of the B. hlilenense
Zone in the upper part of the lower Albian
sequence of the Pacific coast of North America. Secondly, their specimen described as"Epileymeriella sp. aff. E. hitzeli" resembles
E. hitzeli (Jacob) which is known from thelower lower Albian of France. Thirdly,
Platiknemiceras caseyi Matsumoto is considered to be a lower Albian ammonite, though
it is a new species, because most of the species
described under the genus Platiknemiceras
come from lower Albian strata.
No taxonomic description has as yet been
made on any cephaloped fauna of the Hinagu
Formation. In a review paper discussing the
problem of stratigraphic correlation of

870.

Albian planktonic foraminifera from Kyushu

marine and non-marine Cretaceous formation in Japan, Matsumoto et al. (1982) notethat ammonites collected from the Hinagu
Formation at Locality X in Figure I include
two species which are identified with
Cheloniceras (Cheloniceras) aff. C. quadrarium Casey and Colombiceras sp. On
account of these two species, an early Aptian
age is assigned to the lower half of the Hinagu
Formation.

Discussion
These two species of ammonites which,according to Matsumoto et al. (1982), indicate an early Aptian age come from nearly thesame stratigraphic horizon as that yieldedboth the planktonic foraminifera andradiolarians indicative of an early middle
Albian age. Thus there is a direct contradiction of age suggested by the cephalopod andplanktonic microfossils, with the megafossil
pointing to one Cretaceous stage older.
As discussed in the foregoing chapter, theammonite assemblage of the Yatsushiro Formation which unconformably overlies the
Hinagu Formation has been described by
Matsumoto et al. (1980) to be diagnostic ofan early Albian age. Since no planktonic
microfossils have been found so far from the
Yatsushiro Formation, direct comparison ofage could not be made between these twodifferent fossil groups. However, the same
Albian age suggested to two formations
which are separated by a stratigraphic breakis a difficult problem to reconcile. Matsumoto and Kanmera (1964) first documented
the unconformable relationship of the Yatsushiro Formation over the Hinagu Formationnear two summits in the hilly region about
one kilometer north of Tuzura (Figure I).
Elsewhere, these two formations are juxtaposed with a fault contact. One of the
Yatsushiro Formation ammonite localities,
Km 1843 (shown as locality Y in Figure I) in
Matsumoto et al. (1980), is not in situ but isreally a fallen block lying at that site.

9

Because of a very narrow geographic distribution of the Yatsushiro Formation near thatammonite discovery site, the block yielding
the Albian ammonites could well have comefrom the Hinagu Formation. The otherammonite locality where B. enorme and
Prolyelliceras sp. were collected lies in thenorthern belt of Cretaceous strata detachedfrom the southern belt by a NE-SW trending
belt of serpentinite. If these two ammonites
do indicate an Albian age, the so-called
Yatsushiro Formation in the northern belt
could otherwise be interpreted as a shallower
water facies of the Hinagu Formation in thesouthern belt.
Recently, Tashiro and Ikeda (1987) published the result of their field work on thegeology of the Hinagu and Yatsushiro Formations. According to them, the so-called
Yatsushiro Formation in the southern belt
which had been thought by Matsumoto andKanmera (1964) to unconformably overlie the
Hinagu Formation, is actually a thrusted-up
outlier of Aptian strata not equivalent with
the Yatsushiro Formation proper of thenorthern belt. Therefore, they renamed thesestrata exposed as an outlier "the Kesado
Formation". They also agree with us inconsidering that the Yatsushiro Formation
proper of the northern belt is indeed a shallower water equivalent of the Hinagu Formation.

Acknowledgment
We are grateful to Miss Yoko Misawa who
typed and proofread the manuscript.
This research was partly supported by the
Ministry of Education, Science and Culture(Monbu-sho) of the Government of Japan,
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, grant62790184 (to H. Nishi) and grant 62540594(to T. Saito).

References
Banner, F. T. and Blow, W. H., 1959: The classi-

10

Hiroshi Nishi el al.

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stratigrafiche sulla Scaglia e suI Flysch cretacici
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foraminifera from the Miravetes. Argos andRepresa Formations (S. E. Spain). ReI'.
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1-3.
Leckie. R. M., 1984: Mid-Cretaceous planktonic
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Morocco, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 79, Sites
545 and 547. In, Hinz, K., Winterer, E.L., etal., Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling
Project. vol. 79. Washington. Govt. Printing Off.•p. 579-620, pIs. 1-17.
Loeblich, A. R. Jr. and Tappan, H., 1961 : Cretaceousplanktonic foraminifera: Part I - Cenomanian.
Micropaleontology, vol. 7, no. 3, p.257-304, pIs.
1-8.
Longoria, J. F., 1974: Stratigraphic, morphologic
and taxonomic studies of Aptian planktonic
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Issue, numero. extraord, p. 1-107, pis. 1-27.

Masters, B. A.. 1977: Mesozoic planktonic
foraminifera - A world-wide review and analysis. In, Ramsay, A. T. S., ed., Oceanic micropalaeonotology, vol. I, p. 301-732, pIs. I-58, Academic Press. London.
Matsumoto, T. and Kanmera, K., 1964: Hinagu.

Explanatory text of the geological map ofJapan, Scale I: 50,000. Geol. Sur\,. Japan.
I 74p., I map. (in Japanese wilh English
abslract).
- - , Kanmera, K. and Ohta, Y., 1980: Cephalopod
faunule from the Cretaceous Yatsushiro Formation (Kyushu) and its implications. Trans.
Proc. Palaeon!. Soc. Japan, N. S., no. 118. p.
325-338, pI. 37.
- - , Obata, I., Tashiro, M., Ohta, Y., Tamura. M .•Matsukawa, M. and Tanaka, H., 1982: Corrclation of marine and non-marine formations in the
Cretaceous of Japan. Fossils, no. 31, p. 1-26. (inJapanese with English abslract).
Moullade, M., 1966: Etude stratigraphique et micropaleontologique du Cretace inferieur de la"Fosse Vocontienne". Documents Lab. Ceol.
Fac. Sci. Lyon, no. 15, p. 1-369, pIs. 1-17.
Nakaseko, K. and Nishimura, A., 1981 : Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous radiolaria from the Shimanto
Group in the Southwest Japan. Sci. Rep., Coli.
Cen. Educ. Osaka Unil'., vol. 30, no. 2. p. 133203.
Obata, I., Maiya, S., Inoue, Y. and Matsukawa, M.•
1982: Integrated mega- and micro-fossil biostratigraphy of the lower Cretaceous Choshi
Group, Japan. Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo),Ser. C (Ceol. Pal.), vol. 8, no. 4, p. 145-179, pIs.
1-7.
Pessagno, E. A., 1977: Lower Cretaceous radiolarianbiostratigraphy of the Great Valley Sequence andFranciscan Complex, California Coast Ranges.
Cushman Found. Foram. Res. Spec. Pub., no.
15, p. 1-87.
Reichel, M., 1950: Observations sur les Clobotmncana du gisement de la Breggia (Tessin).
Eclogae Ceol. Hell'., vol. 42, no. 2, p.596-617.
pIs. 16-17, text-figs. 1-7.
Renz, 0., Luterbacher, H. and Schneider. A .. 1963:
Stratigraphische-paHiontologische Untersuchungen im Albien und Cenomanien des Neuenburger
Jura. Ibid., vol. 56, no. 2, p.I-149. p.I0731116. pis. 1-9.
Sanfilippo, A. and Riedel, W. Roo 1985: Cretaceousradiolaria. In. Bolli, H. M., Saunders, J. B. andPerch-Nielsen, K., ed., Plankton Stratigraphy, p.
573-630, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
Sigal, J., 1958: La classification actuelle des families
de Formainilcres planctoniques de Cretace.

Soc. geol. France, Comples Rendus Somm.
Seances, no. 11-12. p.262-265.

870.

Albian planktonic foraminifera from Kyushu- - , 1966: Contribution a une monographie desRosalines. I. Le genre Ticinella Reichel, souehe
des Rotalipores. Eclogae Geol. Hell'. , vol. 59,
no. I, p. 185-218, pis. 1-6.
Takayanagi, Y. and Iwamoto, H., 1962: Cretaceousplanktonic foraminifera from the Middle Yezo
Group of the Ikushumbetsu, Miruto, andHatonosu areas, Hokkaido. Trans. Proc.
Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., no. 45, p. 183-196,
pI. 28.
Tappan, H., 1940: Foraminifera from the Grayson

II

Formation of northern Texas. Jour. Paleo/ll.,
vol. 14, no. 2, p. 93-126, pis. 14-19.
Tashiro, M. and Ikeda, M., 1987: The Cretaceous
System of the Yatsushiro Mountains. Res.
Rep/., Kochi Unil'., vol. 36, Nat. Sci., p. 1-21. (inJapanese with English abstract).
Yokota, S. and Sano, H., 1984: Jurassic to
Cretaceous biostratigraphy in the eastern part ofHinagu Belt along the Kuma River. Geol. Soc.

Japan, Abstracts with Programs.
Meet., p. 179. (in Japanese).

Haehiryu-zan i\~JlJ, Hinagu B ~~, Kesado ~~:!it Shimofukami ~i*7.K, Tuzura :fL:j1f.
~t$:fL1+' B~~Ji J: IJ £-t' .Q iltrJtEJ B lffi*C (9=tJtEJ 7 It.- 1::.- 7 /') ~~f1:1f~l;a fr.:o: ~~*iJ1I<
ij(lfl\l)I'V!E~~c5t;fp-t'.Q B~~JiO)1l1~))~B~ 7 ,;/ fr.7.K*~"e~fJI!. L t-.: c. .:: 0, :Qj[/i:ll:;afr.:oc. c. t ~UJ' t... IJ f*fF 0) J: ~'~~f1:1f.fL;afr.:o~ ~~.Q .:: c. tJ~ "C. ~ t-.:o .:t G It,nGlobigerinelloides barri (Bolli, Loeblich and Tappan), Hedbergella delrioensis (Carsey), H.
planispira (Tappan), H. Irocoidea (Gandolfi), Ticinella primula Luterbacher tJ, G t... .Qo .::O)~~lt T. primula c. G. barri tJ~~fF-t'.Q .:: c. tJ, G9=tJtEJ 7 It.- i::." 7 /' (fJJJtEJ Blffi*'c) O)fJJJtEJ~~-t' t 0) c. ~;t Gn.Q o V't*, B~~JitJ, GIt 7 /' -'£:- T -1 Hr.:OtJ~ 2 fj~1!f ~ n -C ~ IJ,.:tnG~cJ: IJ B~~JivtfJJJtEJ77·7-7/'~~-t'c.~;tGn-C~'t-.:o <T@), ~~1:t1f.fL;afr.
:O~:Qj[/i:ll:;afr.:OiCJ: -?-c~~nt-.:til!.1!t~f\:;vt, .:tnc.vt*~ ft~,.it-?-C~'.Qo -15, B~~Ji~~iHncm? c. ~ -C ~'.Q j\f\;JiO)itH1!t~f\;vt, 7 /' -'£:- T -1 Hr.:OiC J: IJ fJJJtEJ7
It.- 1::.- 7 /' O)f&JtEJ C. ~;t Gn -C ~'.Q tJ~, W:fr.:ovt.:: O)itHJi tJ, Gvt~1!f ~ n -C ~,t... ~ '0 7 /'-'£:T -1 r fr.:o~c J: -? -C~ ~ n.Q i\f\;JiO)itH1!t~f\;tJ~IE L ~,c. -t'.Q c., j\ f\:;Jivt B~~Ji c.1'f.J~J<Ji"C.t!; IJ, J: IJ l::ltr~f1:O)B;f§~f\;*-t'.Q to) c. ~;t~'.Q ~ ;tt... ~ ' 0g§ 5LffiJ~· tIIi EH
Mtr· ilni-m-IEn<9lst Ann.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 153, pp. 12-24, 10 Figs., April 30, 1989

871. SOME INOCERAMIDS (BIVALVIA) FROMTHE CENOMANIAN (CRETACEOUS) OF JAPAN-V
A WORLD-WIDE SPECIES INOCERAMUS PICTUS SOWERBYFROM JAPAN*
TATSURO MATSUMOTO
c/o Department of Geology, Kyushu University 33, Fukuoka 812

Abstract. Inoceramus pic/us Sowerby is well known for its world-wide distribution
in the upper part of the Cenomanian. For some reasons, however, no example of thisspecies has been described from Japan. I. pic/us is regarded as highly variable and currently
divided into more than six sUbspecies. Some of them are reviewed in this paper for careful
comparison with our forms. I have realized that some specimens of rather old collections
from several localities in Hokkaido are referable to this species, although they are atypical.
They are described in this paper under a new subspecies, which is distinguished from I.
picllls picllls by its less distinctly marked growth striae, finer rings and weaker concentric
subcostae and/or undulations, instead of pronounced major ribs or folds. The form from
Kamchatka called" I. picllls neoca/edonicus" by Pergament may be preferably transferred tothis new subspecies.
Key words.

Inoceramus piClllS, Cenomanian, subspecies, Hokkaido, Kamchatka

Iy divided into more than six subspecies (Keller, 1982, p. 64). It occurred to my mind thatI. pic/us might be represented in Japan by aparticular, atypical subspecies. I attempted,
therefore, to inspect the specimens of older
collections mainly of my own. I n parallel tothis, I have examined the hitherto establishedsubspecies through a survey of literature andavailable specimens. As a result, I have realized that I. pictus does occur in Japan, forming a new subspecies. It is described in thispaper, with necessary comparison and discussion.
The technical terms and their abbreviations
used in this paper are the same as thosedefined in Part I of this series of papers(Matsumoto and Noda, 1986, p.410).
Growth rings and lines (striae) may be used
for concentric rings etc. to conform withGerman Anwacksringen etc., but the twokinds of terminology are almost synonymous.

Introduction

In Part IV of the Cenomanian inoceramidsfrom Japan, Inoceramus nodai Matsumoto et
Tanaka, 1988 has been introduced on thebasis of a considerable number of specimensfrom the Upper Cenomanian of Hokkaido.
We have suggested, furthermore, that the same
species may distribute in various regions of
the world. In contrast to this result of a
recent study, Inoceramus pictus Sowerby wasestablished long ago in England and is now
celebrated for its world-wide distribution
mainly in the upper part of the Cenomanian.
For some reasons, however, no example ofthis species from Japan has been described.
I. pictus is said to show a great extent ofvanatIOn. Apart form I. pictus var. vardonensis Sornay (1951), this species is current*Received June 23, 1988: accepted December 20,
1988.
12

871.

Cenomanian inoceramids from Japan -The abbreviated symbols for the repositories of the described and discussed specimens are as follows:
BM: British Museum (Natural History),
London
GK: Geological Collections, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
IGPS: Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Tohoku University, Sendai
UMUT: University Museum, Universityof Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo
USNM: United States National Museum,Washington, D. C.

Systematic description
Genus Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814

Type species: - Inoceramus cUl'ierii Sowerby, 1814.
Inoceramus picll/s Sowerby, 1829
Holotype: - BM. 43272, from the Chalk
Marl of Guildford, England, illustrated byWoods (1911, text -figs. 36). Its plaster cast,
GK. H9577, is at my disposal.
Remarks: - Kauffman and Powell (1977,
p. 54) referred this species to Inoceramus (s.
s/r.), but how it is related to I. cUl'ierii has yet
to be worked out.
Woods (1912) and more recently Kauffman
and Powell (1977) ascri bed the phylogenetic
origin of I. pictus to the group of I. comancheanus Cragin-I. anglicus Woods. In
other words, it is not in the group of Birosll·ina concentrica Parkinson, whereas Tsagareli (1942) (see Sornay, 1966, figs. 10) and
Keller (1982) sought it directly or indirectlyin B. concen/rica. Kauffman (1978 a, p. iv.
5) mentioned preliminarily that in the Middle
Cenomanian Zone of Turri/i/es coslalus in
England there is a form of I. pictus which istransitional to broader, flatter ancestral forms.
This suggests a link from a group of I. angliClIS to I.pictus. On this and other lines ofevidence, I rather prefer the former view to theV13latter, although full descriptions should be set
forth through a thorough study of the British
material.
I. pic/us is said highly variable in bothshell-form and ornamentation. Dietze(1959, p. 860) modified the scope of thisspecies so as to affiliate I. bohemicus Leonhard, 1897 and I. neocaledoniclls Jean net,
1922 to SUbspecies of l.piciUS. It is strangethat the holotype of I. pic/us was treated as
an example of an unnamed subspecies by
Dietze (1959, p. 864), who gave a misleading
definition of I. pictlls pic/us. Trager (1967,
p.35-55) expanded the subspecific classification, with addition of I. piC/liS bannelVilzensis Trager and I. pictus concenlricollnduia/lis Trager, giving precise description toeach of the five subspecies known at that date.
He made, however, no mention on Seitz'( 1965, p. 90) comments on I. neocaledoniclls.
Regrettably the holotype of Inoceramus
piClUS is incompletely preserved. Although
it consists of both valves, its umbonal part ismissing and the specimen itself is somewhat
distorted. It has moderately distinct growthrings, with well marked striae in their interspaces. In addition to them, moderately
strong concentric major ribs or rather to say
folds develop in the middle to late growthstages. Its restored outline of shell may beroughly suboval, with height (H) greater thanlength (L), but its characters of the beaks andpostero-dorsal wings are not shown. So far
as I know, nobody has illustrated any wellpreserved topotype or other specimen fromthe correlatable zone in England.
Kauffman and Powell (1977, p. 55) descri bed at length the diagnosis of I. pic/us
piClllS. An example from the Zone of
Sciponoceras gracile in Texas was illustrated(Kauffman, 1977 b, pI. 5, figs. 3; Kauffman e/al., 1978, pI. 9, figs. 3). Some examples fromthe Upper Cenomanian of Banker Hills,
Kansas, collected by Y. Kanie in an excursion
with Kauffman, are before me on loan
through T. Suekane.
A better preserved specimen, BM.44683

14

TalSlIl"O MaiSlII17010

871.

Cenomanian inoceramid.l· ./i-olll Japan -(plaster cast GK. H(575) illustrated byWoods (1911, pI. 49, fig. 5) under I.pic/lis
rrom the "Zone or /folas/er slIhglohoslis or
Burham," consists or both valves, although
the anteroventral part or the len n!l\'e isdestroyed away. It was assigned to I. piC/liS
neocaledoniclis by Dietze (1959, p. ~(3),Tri)ger (1967, p. 50) and Keller (1982, p. (4).
KaufTman (197X a, p. iv. 5) called it
preliminarily I. piC/liS, n. subsp. D. In addition to its "subtle. sparse major concentricribs." it is characterized, in my observation,
by somewhat coarser gowth rings demarcatedby deeper or belle I' marked striae than thoseor the holotype. It is rather weakly inequivalve, with acutely pointed beaks in both
valve. The left valve is somewhat more
inflated and has a longer beak than the right.
The anterior hi nge angle (a) is f~li rly acute.
The umbonal part is considerably inflated
and steeply slopes down to a narrow posterodorsal wing, but the main part of the disk
gradually inclines toward the flat wing-likepart, where the growth ri ngs extend weak Iy
and densely.
In the specimen from the James Ross Island
Group, illustrated by Crame (1981, p. 55, figs.
3 b, c) under I. pic 11101' piC/liS, the growth rings
arc very coarse and the major concentric rolds
arc very prominent. I would agree with
Crame in this identification, admitting someextent or variation in the coarseness or thegrowth rings and intensity or the concentricfolds. The specimen from Madagascar illustrated by Heinz (1933, pI. 16, figs. 4 a, b) andSornay (1965, pI. B, figs. 3,5) under I. piC/liS,
without subspecific name, arc essentially similar to the specimen or Crame mentioned
above. Thcy can be called I. piC/liS piC/liS,V

15

although some authors referred them to I.

piC/liS neocaledoniclis.
Inocerallllls neocaledoniclis Jeannet (1922,
p. 251, fig. 5) itself is questionable. because it
was established on a single. incompletely
preserved. rather flat valve (descri bed as left.
but uncertain) from a formation of shale in
New Caledonia. The characters of its beakand postero-dorsal wing arc not well shown.
Since Dietze (1959. p.8(3) called it I. pic illS
neocaledoniclis. many authors in Europe andthe USSR have followed him. though tentatively by Crame (1981). Seitz (1965. p.90)
was the only palaeontologist who threw
doubt on this assignment. suggesting that it
may belong to the group of I. linglla Goldruss. i.e. Sphenoceramlls. Crame (19~3. p.
3(0). has corrected that I. neocaledoniclis
group (e.g. small form of I. alls/ralis Woods.
1(17) occurs in the Coniacian-Campaniansequence of James Ross Island. showing ahomoeomorphic similarity to I. piC/liS.
As I have no opportunity to examine theholotype nor to visit the type locality. I am at
the moment unable to decide which would betrue. For the time being, I should regard I.
neocaledoniclis Jeannet as doubtful. I may
cite the rorms previously described under I.
pic/liS neocaledoniclis by authors as the socalled ones or as I. pic/lis neocaledoniclis in
the sense of Tri)ger (1967). e/c.
II10cerallles hohemiclls Leonhard (I ~97. p.
26. pI. 5. figs. I a-c) was established on verysmall specimens. Whether they arc adults ora small. primitive species or juveniles or a
medium sized species is questionable. Leonhard prererred the rormer to the latter. but
this species has been transrerred to I. piC/liS
bohemiclis since Dietze (1959. p. 863. pI. 2. fig.

~
Figures 1-3. Inoceramus picllIs minus, subsp. nov. Holotype (I) and paratypes (2, 3), from loc. T33.
Saku-gakko-no-sawa. Member lIb of Matsumoto (1941). mid-valley of the Teshio (T.M. Coil. in 193H). I:
GK. H36 A. holotype (comp. int. m. of LV). X 1.1. A dorsal \'iew at the center is set in a special posture
to sholl' the acute apex of the beak. 2: GK. H36B (comp. int. m. of LV. with inner shell layer on some
portions), X 1.1. 3: G K. H36C (int. m. of LV, with shelly substancc adhering on postcro-dorsal portions;
apex of beak brokcn oil'), X I. 3': slightly inclincd latcral vic\\' in a light of a special oricntation.
DilTcrcnt vicws of thc same spccimen are connected by a dotted line. For brcyity. the sclf-explaining\'icws of photos. such as lateral. anterior. postcrior and dorsal. arc omittcd from repcated writing. exccpt fora spccial case. Photos (Figs. 1-10) by courtcsy of Dr. M. Noda.

Tatsliro Matslimoto

165), who showed a somewhat larger specimen.
This subspecies is said to have less convex
valves which are mainly ornamented with
dense and uniform, growth rings. Its outline
is upright and suboval (0=60° to 70°). What
was called I. bohemiclis by Scupin (1912-13,
p. 26, pI. 12, fig. 7) has been transferred to I.
piClllS piClllS by Trager (1967, p. 52, pI. 3, fig.
3). As its valve is considerably convex andseems to have major concentric ri bs of moderate intensity, I would agree with Trager inthis assignment.
The association of several sUbspecies in thesame zone of the same sedimentary basin
seems to me unreasonable and unnatural,
unless their original habitats were different.
For instance, Kauffman (1978 b, p. xiii. 2)
listed I. (I.) pictlls bohemiclis and I. (I.)
pictlls concenlricollndlilailis from the Upper
Cenomanian "Zone of I. pictus" in the Bohemian basin. I tentatively presume thatsuch a broad (i.e. LjH nearly I) and sharply
ornamented form (see Sornay, 1978, pI. 2, fig.
3 in addition to Trager, 1967) as I. pictlls
concel1lriCOlindulatus should be treated as a
distinct species which may be allied to but
independent of I. pic/us. Li kewise, I. bannell'itzensis may be independent, for it is highly
inflated and as high as long, with projecting
anteroventral part. It should be noted thatthey resemble some examples of I. yabei
Nagao et Matsumoto (1940, p. I, pI. 2, flg. I ;1939, pI. 34, fig. 6).

Inoceramlls pictus minlls, subsp. nov.
Figures 1-10

Holo/ype: - GK. H36A (Fig. I) from loc.
T33, Saku-gakko-no-sawa, middle part ofMember lIb, Saku area of the Teshio Mountains, northern Hokkaido (T. Matsumoto
CoiL); composite internal mould of left
valve, whose external mould, with prismatic,
outer shell layer adhered, is also available(GK. H36A').
Para types : -GK. H36B (LV) (Fig. 2), C(LV) (Fig. 3),0 (RV) (Fig. 4), E (LV) (Fig.
5) and F (RV, young part) (Fig. 6), all fromloc. T33, in one and the same rock mass as theholotype. Also GK. H29A (LV) (Fig. 7), A'(ext. mould of A), B (LV) (Fig.8) and C(distorted and deflcient LV) .(Fig. 9), from acalcareous nodule at loc. T843, Chirashinai
of the Saku area, Member II b-c (f3). All
these paratypes were collected by myself
through a field work in 1938.
UMUT. MM 6478 (=Tk. 1-(87) in Nagao
and Matsumoto, 1939, pI. 24, flgs. 2, misidentified as I. concentriclls val'. nipponiclis (LV),from the middle course of the Obirashibe (H.
Yabe Coil. 190 I), northwestern Hokkaido.
There are two other incompletely preserved
specimens which can be called I. cf'. piClllS or
tentatively I. cf. pic/us minlls. They are GK.
H8287 (Fig. 10) (LV and its external mould)
from loc. R 110 on Highway 239, 1300 m west
from the Kiritachi Pass (H. Okada, T. Nishida and T. M. CoiL); GK. H8288 (LV,with its posterior part eroded away) from loc.
Ik 1039a on the main course of the River
Ikushumbets, 550 m downstream from the
Katsurazawa Dam (T. M. CoiL); IGPS.
861870 and E (small juveniles) associatedwith juveniles of I. nodai (see Matsumoto
and Tanaka, 1988, figs. 2 and 3), probably
from loc. Ik 1038 or nearby locality on theRiver Ikushumbets.
Diagnosis: - Shell small to mediumsized, asymmetrically ovoid in gross-outline,with height greater than length, inequilateraland somewhat inequivalve, with slightly moreconvex left valve than the right. Left umbo
prominent, somewhat incurved, with acutely
pointed prosocline beak. Umbonal part ofthe valve moderately convex, from whichnarrow postero-dorsal wing or ear is weakly
demarcated. Main part of the valve
moderately to gently convex, with a zone of
the maximum inflation in the anterior part
along the growth-axis, from which it inclines
steeply to the anterior side, with somewhat
concave antero-dorsal part, and slopes gradually to the flattened, posterior wing-like part.

871.

Cenol11 an ian inoceramid.\· Fon 1 J ap an -A ntero - d o rsa l ma rgin vcry sha ll ow ly co nca vc a nd th c ma in a ntcri o r margin sli ghtl yco nvex, f'o rmin g a lt oge thcr ge ntl y sinu o us o r
nea rl y stra ight a nteri o r ma rgin , with o ut
ma rk ed nntero - vcntra l projecti o n. Ventra lmargin asy mm ctri c, curved modera tcly a nd
wc ll ro un ded o n cross in g th e grow th ax is,
pass in g to ge ntl y arcu a te, lo ng posteri o r
margin . Hin gc lin c less th a n two thirds o f'
th e shell Ic ngth . G row th ax is rath er upri ght ,fo rmin g a nglc (0) o r 60° o r mo rc with th e
hin gc lin c.
G row th stri ac and interve nin g rin gs fin e
a nd wea k. Low but unn eg li gibl c, co nce ntri c
subco stac and / o r maj o r undul ati o ns deve lop
o n th c ma in part o f th e val ve.
Elym ology: - piCIU S = o rn a tc ; min lls =sma ll cr, less o r lowe r.

V

17

Obserr(lI ion: - The spec lm cns G K. 1-I 36
A- D fr o m loc. T 33 (t ypc loca lit y) a re so mcwhat di ss imil a r to th ose (GK. 1-1 29A - C ) I'ro mloc. T 843. Thi s is pa rtl y due to th c c ffcc t o r
scco nd a ry dcfo rm ati o n, sin ce th e scco nd a ry
co mpress io n is cv idcnt in th c fo rm cr and aso rt o f di sto rti o n in th e latter. E\ c n if th ceffect o f seco nda ry defo rm ati o n is elimin atcd .
th ere may have bee n o ri gin a ll y so mc
difTerencc bc twce n th e slend er, na rrow ly O\'a lfo rm o f th c fo rm cr a nd th e broad cr, asymmetri ca ll y subova l fo rm o f th e lattcr. Such a
diflerencc is no t signifi ca nt , beca usc th crc a rc
lik cw ise cxa mpl es o f' co mp a rati ve ly na rrow cr
a nd broa der fo rm s in I. piCIUS piClIIS o f
Tragc r (1 967, pI. 3, figs . 1- 6 ) fro m Ge rm a ny.
G K. H29C (Fi g.9 ) is dist o rt cd a nd
defi cient in lack in g th e umb o a nd postcro-

Figures 4- 6. In oarlll1lll s p iC/li S l1lin llS, s ub sp. no\'. Pa rat ypcs (co ntinu cd) rro mthc ty pc loca lit y (T. M .
Co li . ). 4 : GK. H 36 D (inl. m ., R V : apc x o r beak b ro kc n o lll X I . 5 : G K . H 36E (scco nd a ril y dcp rcsscd .
c o m p. in l. m .. L V. \\'ith s hc ll y s u bs ta ncc ad hcr ing hcrc a ncl t hc rc) , X I. 6 : G K . H 36F (i n l. m .. R V, yo un g
pa rt ). X 1. 5. Thi , spcc imc n \\'as takcn ou t rro m t hc roc k ma tri x or G K . 1-1 36B .

Ta tsuro Mat sumoto

18

9---- --I
I
/
/

/
/

/
/

----

------ --

/
/

871.

Ce nom a nian inoeeram ic/.s· .from J apa n -Figu re 10. I nOCl'ralllllS cf. pic/lis minlls, subsp.
nov. G K . H 8287 (scco nda ri ly dc liJrlllCd R V. lI' ilh
inn c r shc ll laycr ad hcrin g o n the maj o r pa n ). rro mlac. RI IO. 1300 m wcs l o r Kiri lac hi Pass. Hi g hway
239 (H . Okada. T. N ish ida and T.M. Co ll. ). nca rl y X
I. Sca lc ba r = 10 mm .

ve ntra l pa rt , but suggcsts a hi gh, sub ova l
she ll - fo rm . G K. H36E (Fi g.5 ) may havebee n dcp ressc d seco nd a ril y, show in g a n

Ta b lc I.
Spcc im cn

V

G K. H 36A
G K. H 36 B
G K . H 36C
G K H 36 D
G K . H 29A
G K. H 29BU M UT M M6478
BM . 44683
USNM. 169399
Hcinz
C ra mc's

L
L
L
R

h
41 .0
38 .0
56.0
780

V

appa rcntl y broa dcr lo rm th a n o th ers fr o m th csa me loca lit y. It s subcos tac are wcakc ned
but fin c rin gs a rc bcttcr ma nifcs ted .
Simi larl y th e fin c rin gs are fa irl y wc ll di splayed by G K H8287 (F ig. 10 ), G K. H8288
a nd IG PS.86 187 0 . Th ere may bc so me
cx tent o f va ri ati o n in th e inte nsity o r th crin gs, sugges ting th c app roac h of th c J apa nese
subspecies to I . piel Lls piCI LlS.
U M UT . MM 6478 ( = Tk . 1- 687 ), whi ch wasmi sidcn tifi cd with I nocer am us concen lrieLls
va l'. nipponica by Nagao a nd Ma tsum o to
(1 939, pI. 24, fi g. 2), is a mcmber o f th e I .
p ieills gro up , as Ka uffm a n (1 977a , p. 174 )suggestcd. Its ercc t, sub ova l o ut lin e is gc ncra ll y simil a r to G K. H36A - C a nd it s beak is asac ut e as th at in th c la ttcr. T his lert va lvc
looks mo rc co nvcx th a n G K. H3 6A a ncl S,
but th c la ttcr is seco nda ri ly co m prcsscd a ndth c di ffc rcncc may no t be grca t or igin a ll y.
It s grow th stri ae a nd rin gs arc fin e a nd wea k
as th osc or th e la ttcr. Its maj o r co ncc ntri cribs may bc mo re widc ly spaccd th a n th osc o f
th e lattcr b ut a rc low a ncl bcco mc un d ulati o ns in th e late grow th - stagc . In sho rt , thi s
wc ll prcse rvcd spcc im c n ca n be rega rdcd as

Mc as ure mc nl s o r I . piC/II.\' on sc lcclcd s peci mcns.

H
L
b
Q'
(3
L/ H
b/ H
s/ L
0
Y
9(t 56'
1 2~ '
68'
4 1.4 26 .0.64.63 IU:.3 1 16.7.(, I I 1. 6
40.0 24.3.29 15.5.64
SO 60' UO (,so
136'
63'
RO'
.64 15.0
58 0 37.0.26.62.65 16.8.29 29.0.5 1 83'
870 57.0
13S'
85' 45 '47.8.76 13.6
.W
63'
36.6
.28 22
L60'
90' 40'.74 19.0.38 22.59L500 37.0
94' 55' 137' 68'
37.0.73 538 35.0
.65 20.0.37 190.54
L 50 .5
94'
60'
130'
R 840 63.0
.75 9 1.0 63 .5.70 26.0.28 850
.55
126'
72'
230
.60
87'
L 54.0 38.0
.70 57.4 38.6
.67
180'
58'
L 58.0 39.0
.67 60.0 4 1. 0
.68 220.37 25 .,.6 1 8~r
125'
56'
R 69.0 58.5
.78
.85 77.5
60.5
85'
BM . 44683 = I . piC /liS , n . sub sp. B or Ka ufTm a n ( 1978 ) ; USN M. 169399 = 1 . p ic/us g r acilis/ ria/lis
Ka u lTma n Cl Powc ll , 1977 ; Hc illl.' = Hc in z. 1933. pI. 16. fi gs. 3a. b : C ra mc's = Cra mc. 198 1. lig. 3c ( bO lhmeas ured o n fi g urcs). Li nca r dim c nsio n in Illm .
270
28.7
390
590

Il h
.66
.75
.70
.77

19

no

~
Figures 7- 9. I nocl'I'am liS piC/liS m inlls. sp. nov . Pa ra lYpcs (co nli n ucd ) I'ro m loc. T843 , C hiras hin a i.
Mcm bc r " b- c ((3 ) o r Ma lsu moLO ( 1942). m id - va ll ey o f' th e Tcs hi o (T M. Ca ll. in 1938). 7 : G K . H 29A ( LV ,Wi l h a llc red shc ll - Iaycr(s ) a ll ach in g on the maj o r pan ). x 1.2. A dorsa l vie\\' al lh c ccn lcr is SC l in a spcc ia l
pos lu rc lO show lh c aC Ul e apex o f' lh c bca k. X 1.2. 8 : G K. H 29B ( L V. si mi la r lO 7 in th e mod e ofprcse rva li o n ). x l . 9 : G K . H 29C ( m uch di slo n ed a nd de fi c ie nl L V). x l.

20

Ta/suro Ma/slim%

being within the variation of this subspecies,
i. e., I. piClUS millllS.
Incidentally, roughly radial, irregular darkmarkings on the shell surface of GK. H36E
might be traces of the original colour pattern.
They look similar to those which Woods( 1911, p. 280) noticed on the holotype andsome other specimens.
Dimensions: - See Table I.
Comparison: - The slenderly oval formshown by the holotype and paratypes of thissubspecies from loc. T33 of Hokkaido isfairly similar in the outline of shell to the
oblong form of I. piC/liS picllIs in the sense ofTrager (1967, pI. 3, figs. 1-3) from Germany,
but the latter has more convex valves. The
less convexity of the former may be, however,
due to the secondary compression. UMUT.
MM6478, described in the foregoing page, has
an outline of shell similar to that of the above
mentioned oblong form and this left valve(see Nagao and Matsumoto, 1939, pI. 24, figs.
2a-c) is nearly as convex as No. 159 of Trager(1967, pI. 3, figs. I a-c). The difference is in
the weakness of the ornaments in the specimens from Hokkaido.
The less slender form represen ted by G K.
H29A and B from T843 of Hokkaido may becomparable with such a form as Nos. 5070
and 422L, figured by Trager (1967, pI. 3, figs.
4 and 6) under I. piC/liS picllIs. It may
approach to I. piC/liS bannewitzensis Trager(1967, p. 41, pI. 2, fig. 3; pI. 4, figs. 1-3) in its
tendency toward the increase of L/H (i. e.
"broadening the main part of the shell"), butthat subspecies has a more asymmetric axelike outline with projecting antero-ventral
part and much more inflated valved. The
deficient specimen GK. H29C from loc. T843,
if restored adequately, may not be muchdifferent in shell-form from the holotype of I.
piC/liS piC/liS, being slightly more oblong.
The two specimens are, however, too much
distorted for precise comparison.
All of the above described specimens from
Hokkaido show finer and weaker growth
striae and rings than distinct and coarser onesof the holotype and certain other examples
ill ustrated under I. pictus or I. pic/us pictus.
In addition, the typical form of I. piC/liS
pictus has moderately strong, concentricmajor ribs or folds in the middle to late
growth-stages, but such a pronounced ornament does not appear in the specimens from
Hokkaido, which have low and narrow ribs
or rather to say subcostae and/or low, concentric major undulations. On account ofthese characters, they can be distinguishedfrom I. pictus pictus as a different subspecies.
With respect to the fine and weak growth
striae and rings and less convex valves, thissubspecies may resemble I. piC/liS gracilis/ria/liS Kauffman et Powell (1977, p.56, pI.
I, fig. 3), from the lower part of the Hartland
Member (Upper Cenomanian) of Oklahoma,
but the latter is said to have coarser andwidely spaced major ribs. Keller (1982, p.
54) did not evaluate this subspecies, because it
was established on a rare find of a single
specimen. Kauffman and Powell (1977, p.
57) mentioned, however, that the same subspecies occurs commonly in Colorado andfurthermore stated that some of the specimensfrom Kamchatka described by Pergament(1966, p.55, pI. 30, figs. 2-4; pI. 27 misprinted 29 by them, figs. 3, 4) under I. picllIs
neocaiedoniclis are identified with I. piC/liS
gracilis/ria/lis instead of I. neocaiedoniclis
Jeannet or the so-called I. piC/liS neocaiedoniclis. So far as figures are concerned,
some of Pergame nt's specimens (e. g. 1966, pI.
27, figs. 3,4; pI. 30, fig. 4) look more similar
to the subspecies from Hokkaido (i. e. I.
piC/liS minus) rather than to I. piC/liS gracili-s/ria/liS.
The form from loc. T33, which includes theholotype of this subspecies, may have originally less convex valves than those of I. piC/liS
pic/us and certain other subspecies, even if we
eliminate the effect of secondary compression.
It is, therefore, somewhat similar to I. piC/liS
neocaledoniclls in the sense of Trager (1967,
p. 50), but the latter has more disti nctly
marked growth striae and coarser rings which

871.

Cenomanian inoceramids .from Japan -are combined with low and wide major concentric undulation. Incidentally, BM.
L22259 (plaster cast GK. H9576), illustrated
by Woods (1911, pI. 49, fig. 6) conforms with
Trager's definition of 1. piCiUS neocaledonicus, but BM.44683 (Woods, 1911, pI. 49,
fig. 5) does not (see discussion in p. 13).
I disagree with Pergament (1966, p.54) in
his assignment of 1. elheridgei Etheridge Jr.
(1901, p.22) (=I.pernoides of Etheridge,
1872) to a subspecies of I.pictus. I. etheridgei of Etheridge (non Woods, 1911) is a
Lower Cretaceous (Albian) species from
Queensland and regarded by Ludbrook (1966,
p.157, pI. 17, fig. 3) as ajunior synonym of I.
carsoni M'Coy, 1865 (see also Crame, 1985, p.
498).
Then, what would be the specimens fromthe Cenomanian of the Pacific region of the
USSR which were described as I. piclus elheridgei by Pergament (1966, p. 54, pI. 34, figs.
3-5; pI. 35, figs. I, 2) '? Keller (1982, p. 64)
suggested that they may belong to the groupof Inoceramus l'irgatus SchlUter. In my tentative opinion, some of them seem to berelated to, if not identified with, Inoceramus
takahashii Matsumoto et Noda (1986, p. 414,
pI. 84, fig. I), from the Lower Cenomanian of
Hokkaido. However, without examining theactual specimens, I hesitate to give a definite
answer.
I do not understand well the taxonomic
position of the form called I. piclus sackensis
Keller (1982, p. 67, pI. 2, figs. 4a, b), from theLower Turonian of Germany. Anyhow, it ismore distinctly inequivalve and has much
more pronounced, concentric rings and subcostae than I. picllls minus.
To sum up, the described specimens from
Hokkaido represent a new subspecjes of I.
piClllS, characterized by fine and weak concentric rings and striae and weaker and narrower
concentric ribs or subcostae and/or lower
concentric major undulations. I interpret
tentatively that I. piclus minus may be ageographic subspecies of I. pictus in thenorthwestern Paci fic region.

V

21

Occurrence: - GK. H36A-F were obtained
at loc. T33 from the greenish grey, fine-sandy
siltstone of Member lib in the section along
the stream called Saku-gakko-no-sawa, atributary to the River Teshio facing the village of Saku (see Matsumoto, 1942, route mapof pI. 12 for the location). Loc T33 is somewhat above loe. 5031 B of Matsumoto andOkada (1973, fig. 2), where Calycoceras cf.
bathyomphalum (Kossmat) was obtained.
This ammonite species is an element in the
Turrililes acuius assemblage of the Acanlhoceras rhoiomagense Zone in England (Kennedy, 1971). Therefore, the bed at loc. T33 isprobably correlated with the upper part of
Middle Cenomanian, but could possibly be
the lower part of Upper Cenomanian.
GK. H29A-C were in a calcareous nodulefrom the mudstone in the lower part ofMember II b-c ((3), on the stream of the
Chirashinai (Tirashinai), a tributary to the
middle course of the River Teshio (see Matsumoto, 1942, pI. 12). Inoceramus ginterensis
Pergament was obtained at the same locality(see Matsumoto et al., 1988, figs. 7-2-4), indicating the Late Cenomanian age.
UMUT. MM6478 was not precisely recorded; it was obtained somewhere in the middle
course of the River Obirashibe; Desmoceras(Pseudouhligella) sp. (compressed juveniles)
associated with it suggests a Cenomanian age.
GK. H8287, which should be called I. cf.
piclus minus, was obtained at loc, RIIO,
upper part of the Cenomanian in the section
along Highway 239 (see Matsumoto andOkada, 1973, figs. 7,8). GK. H8288, again I.
cf. picills minus, came from loc. Ik 1039a on
the River Ikushumbets, together with I.
ginterensis. lower Upper Cenomanian, as indicated by Eucalycoceras penlagonum(Jukes-Browne) (Matsumoto, 1975). IGPS.
861870 and E were also from the nearby
locality (Ik 1038 '?) of the Ikushumbets in theUpper Cenomanian, as indicated by associated Inoceramus nodai Matsumoto et Tanaka
and Tarranloceras a If. stan toni Stephenson.
The number of the described specimens are

TalSlIl'O Ma/sumoto22

not numerous. I expect that the same subspecies would be found more frequently in
the Cenomanian sections in various areas of
Hokkaido and other places in Japan, so thatits stratigraphic range may be known moreclearly.
I. piCIl;S, including a number of subspecies,
is said world-wide in the Upper Cenomanianstrata. Strictly speaking, however, it may be
fairly diflicult to know the true range.
KaulTman and Powell (1977, p. 56) wrote thatI. pic/us piCIUS is limited to the late Middle
and Late Cenomanian rocks of North America and western Europe, without showing
details of the occurrence records.
The record of the earliest appearance is I.
picll/s, n. subsp. B at or near the base of theZone of Manlelliceras dixoni (Lower
Cenomanian) of England (Kauffman, 1978 a,p. iv. 5). This subspecies is also recorded tooccur in the Middle Cenomanian Tun'i!i/es
acull/s Zone and disappears in the Upper
Cenomanian Metoicoceras gourdoni Zone.
Such a long ranging record discords withwhat the same author (in Kauffman andPowell, 1977, p. 54) expected for the species
and subspecies of "1.piclllS lineage" as a
useful biostratigraphic tool for fine zonationand global correlation.

Acknowledgements
I thank Dr. Masayuki Noda (Oita), whogave me suggestions through free discussion
and also friendly helped me in taking photographs, Professors Itaru Hayami and Tamio
Kotaka, who gave me facilities to study the
UMUT and IGPS specimens in their care andprovided copies of some older references, and
Mr. Tetsuro Suekane who showed me somespecimens of Dr. Y. Kanie's collection from
North America. The plastocasts from the
British Museum (Natural History) type collections, which Dr. J. M. Kennedy (Oxford) sent
to Kyushu University for exchange with thoseof the GK ammonites, were very useful forthis study. Drs. J. A. Crame (Cambridge), J.

A. Grant-Mackie (Auckland) and R. A.
Henderson (Townsville) kindly gave me necessary information in response to my inquiry.
Miss Yoshimi Taniga\\"a (Mrs. T. Tanaka
from June, 1988) assisted me in prepari ng thetypescri pl.

References cited
Crame. J. A., 1981: Upper Cretaceous inoceramids(Bivalvia) from the James Ross Island Group andlheir slratigraphical signil1cance. Brit. Antarct.
SUrl'. Bull., no. 53, p. 29-56 (incl. 9 figs.)- - . 1983: Crelaceous inoceramid bivalves from
Antarclica. In. R. L. Oliver. P. R. James and J.
B. Jago eds.): Antarclic Earlh Science. Proc.

Fourlh "uem. Symp. AlllarClic Earlh Sci .. Unil'.
Adelaide, S. Al/Slralia. 16 10 20 Aug .. 1982. p.
298-302.
- - , 1985: Lower Crelaceous inoceramid bivalvesfrom the A nLarclic Pen i n su Ia regi 0 n.
Palaeontology. vol. 28, .pl. 3, p. 475-525 (incl. pIs.
54-61 ).
Dielze, H., 1959: Die Inoceramen von Oberau in
Sachsen; Obercenoman bis Unlerturon.
Geologie, vol. 8, p. 856-883 (incl. pis. 1-4).
Elheridge, R., 1872: Descriplion of Palaeozoic andMesozoic fossils of Queensland. Quart. Jour.
Geol. Soc., London, vol. 28, p. 317-358. pis. 1324.
Elhcridge, R. Jr., 1901: Additional nOles on lhepalaeontology of Queensland (Part 2). Queensl.
Geol. SUrl'. Bull., \'01. 13, p. 1-37, pis. 1-4.
Heinz, R., 1933: Inoceramen von Madagascar undihre Bedeulung f1ir die Kreide-Slraligraphie.
Zeilschr. Delllsch. Geol. Gesell5ch., vol. 85, p.
241-259, pis. 16-22.
Jeannet, A., 1922: Description d'une espece nouvelled'inocerame. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr., Ser. 4. vol.
22. p.251-253.
Kauffman, E. G., 1977a: Systemalic. bioslratigraphic,
and biogeographic relationships between Middle
Cretaceous Euramerican and North PacificInoceramidae. In. Malsumoto, T. (organ.):
Mid-Cretaceous Events - Hokkaido Symposium, 1976-. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. Spec.
Pap., no. 21, p. 169-212.
- - , 1977b: IIluslraled guide to biostratigraphicallyimporlanl Crelaceous macrofossils, Western Interior Basin, U.S.A. In, Kauffman, E. G. ed.:Field Guide: Norlh American Paleontological
Convention II. The Moulllain Geologisl, vol.
14, nos. 3-4, p.225-274.
- - , 1978a: Brilish Middle Cretaceous inoceramid
biostratigraphy. Ann. Mus. d'Hist. Nawr.

871.

Cenomanian inoceramids .fi"om Japan -Nice, vol. 4 (for 1976), p. iv.· I-iv. 12.
- - , I 978b: An outline of Middle Cretaceous
marine history and inoceramid biostratigraphy in
the Bohemian basin, Czechoslovakia. Ibid., vol.
4 (I()r 1976), p. xiii. I-xiii. 12 (incl. 5 pIs.).
- - , Cobban, W. A. and Eicher, D. L., 1978: Alhianthrough Lower Coniacian strata, hiostratigraphy
and principal events, Western Interior UnitedStates. Ibid., vol. 4 (f(ll' 1976), p. xxiii. I-xxiii.
52 (incl. 16 pIs.).
- - and Powell, J. D., 1977: Paleontology. in
Kaufrman, E. G., Hallin, D. C. and Powell, J.
D.: Stratigraphic, paleontologic and paleoenvironmental analysis of the Upper Cretaceous
rocks of Cimarron County, northwestern Oklahoma. Mem. Geol. Soc. Amer., vol. 149, p.47150, pIs. 1-12.
Keller, S., 1982: Die Oberkreide del' Sack-Mulde derAlfeld . (Cenoman - Unter-Coniac). Lithologic, Biostratigraphic und I noceramen. Geol.
Jahrh., Reihe A. Heft 64, p. 3- I 7 I, pIs. 1-8.
Kennedy, W. J. 1971: Cenomanian ammonites fromsouthern England. Spec. Pap. Palaeont., no. 8,
113 p., 64 pIs.
Leonhard, R., 1897: Die Fauna der Kreidct()rmationin Oherschlesien. PalaeonlOgraphica, vol. 44, p.
I I -70, pIs. 3-6.
Ludbrook, N. H., 1966: Cretaceous hiostratigraphyof the Great Artesian Basin in South Australia.
Bull. Geol. SUI'l'. S. Aus/., vol. 40, p. 1-223.
Matsumoto [Matumoto], T., 1942: Fundamentals in
the Cretaccous stratigraphy of Japan. Part I.
Melli. Fac. Sci., K),ushu Imp. Unil' .. Ser. D, vol.
I, no. 3, p. 129-280, maps.
- - , 1975: Additional acanthoccratids from I-Iokkaido. Ibid., vol. 22, no. 2, p.99-163. pis. I 123.
- - , Asai, A., Hirano, H. and Noda, M. 1988: Some
inoccramids (Bivalvia) from the Cenomanian(Cretaccous) of Japan -Ill. Threc specics occurring commonly in thc North-west Pacificregion. Trans. Proc. PalaeO/H. Soc. Japan, N.
S., no. 149, p. 387-395, s figs.
- - and Noda, M., 1986: Dil/o - I. New or little
known four speeies from Hokkaido and Kyushu.
Ibid., no. 143, p. 409-421, pis. 81-85.
- - and Tanaka, K., 1988: Dillo -IV. An
interesting new specics from Hokkaido. Ihid.,
no. 15 I, p. 570-58 I.
- - and Okada, H., 1973: Saku Formation of the
Ycw geosyncline. Sci. Repts .. Dept. Geol ..
Kyushu Unil'., vol. II, no. 2, p. 275-309. (inJapanese with English ahstract).
Nagao, T. and Matsumoto [MatumotoJ, T .. 1939-

V

23

1940: A monograph of the Cretaceous Inoceramus of Japan. Part I. Jour. Fac. Sci .. 1J0kkaido Imp. Unil' .. Ser. 4, vol. 4. nos. 3-4. p. 241299. pis. 23-34 (1939): Part II. Ihid .. vol. 6. no.
I. p. 1-64, pis. 1-22 (1940).
Pergament, M. A.. 1966:' Zonal stratigraphy andinocerams of the lowermost Upper Cretaccous of
the Pacific coast or the USSR. Trans. Acad.
Sci. USSR. Geol. In.l'I .. vol. 146,83 p .• 36 pis. (inRussian).
Scupin, H .. 1912-1912: Die Lo\\'cnhcrger Krcidc undthre Fauna. PalaefJlltographica. Suppl. vol. 6.
p. 1-275. pis. 1-15.
Scitz. 0 .. 1965: Dic Inoccramcn dcs Santon und
U nter-Campan von Nord\\'cstdcustehland. II.
Teil (Biometric. Dimorphismus und Stratigraphic
dcr Untcrgattung Sphenocerallllls J. Biihm).
Beih. Geol. Jahrh., Hcft 69. p. 1-194. pis. 1-26.
Sornay. J., 1951: Sur une "aricte nouvclle d'inoceramcs du sud-cst du Gard. Bull. Museum. Ser.
2. vol. 23, p. 320-321.
- - , 1965: La raunc d'inocerames du Cenomanien ct
du Turonien inlcrieur du sud-oucst de Madagascar. Ann. Paleont., Invcrtebres. vol. 51, p. 1-16,
pis. A-C.
---, 1966: Idecs actuelles sur les inocerames d'apres
divcrs travaux reccnts. Ihid., Invertehres. vol.
52, p. 59-92.
- - , 1978: Precisions paleontologi4ucs ct stratigraphi4ues sur divers inoceramcs Cenomanicsn et,cn particulicr, sur ceux de la Sarthe figures par E.
Guerangcr en 1867. Geohios, no. II. p. 50S-SIS(incl. 2 pis.).
Triiger, K.-A., 1968: Zur Pal1iontologic, Biostratigraphic und raziellcn Aushildung der untcrcn
Oherkreide (Conoman his Turon). Teil I.
Pal1iontologie und Biostratigraphic der Inoceramcn dcs Ccnoman his Turons Millelcuropas.
AM. Staatl. Mus. Min. Geol .• vol. 12, p. 13-207(incl. 14 pis.).
Tsagarcli, A., 1942: Les inocerames cretaces de In
Gcorgic. Akad. Nauk. Gru::.I' SSR. Trud.
Geol. fllS! .• Ser. Geol., vol. i, no.2, 205 p .. IIpis. (en georgien. res. franc.) (inaccessihle).
Woods, I-I., 1911 : A monograph or thc Cretaccous
Lamellibranchia of England. Vol. 2, pt. 7.
Palaeolltogr. Soc., 1910, p. 261-Z84, pis. 45-50.
- - , 191Z: The cvolution of Inoceramus in thc
Cretaceous period. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc ..
Londoll, vol. 68. p. I-ZO.
- - , 1917: The Crctaceous faunas of thc north-eastern part or thc South Island of New Zealand.
N. Zeal. Geol. SllI'I' .. Palaeont. Bull .. no.4, p.
1-41, pis. I-ZO.

TCIlSlIfO MaiSlIf110iO

24

Chirashinai ~~;t,fJ, Fukuoka ?ffiJ;liJ, Hokkaido ~t1fjjii, Hongo *~I, Ikushumbets[lkushunbetsu]~~BIj, Katsurazawa tEiR, Kiritachi ~.lL, Obirashibe 'Vif'~' Oita *5t, Saku
fti:7.., Saku-gakko-no-sawa fti:7.."ttli:O)iR, Teshio ~J]?;, Tirashinai = Chirashinai, Tokyo**.
*fBB.illi;%-t /..,..::. 7 :/~it1 / -t 7 A :A-V. 1lt~i¥-J5t;fpfi Inoceramlls pic illS
Sower by O)ittl:l: Inoceramlls pic/lis Sowerby, 1829 liil <~.lL~.:I1., B.illi;%-t /..,..::. 7:/~ (i; >b ,..:..I:{ffl, IJi¥K.cp{ffl) f..:.1lt~i¥-J5t;fp~7.R-t1t~fi-e;l; J.J
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fit.J~~vt 1?;/1. -n, J.J
B *ito) liJl!t~O) c liBIJ t.c.illifi-e;l; J.J t.: <lb3«.ft t.J';/1. -C \" t.ct.J,"'":> t.:O)-eli? c l'? ;i~~~-c, ill'l*~6b~~<lb-CIDill",,-C.7,t.t.:?JT, ~t$ii~:t;gJllcpVfE~O) 2t-\l!.
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t.J,t.c IJ ;l;J.J o LiJ,L holotype c.:t,-;/1.I..:.-(tlJ.JJJ4m!i¥-Jt.c>bO)O)v:tt.J', c'O)J:? tdf?l!to)~~~U\.K. J:"'":> -Cli1lEflilkH t.J~;l;J.J0)f.,,~;l;J.J~1t~J.J;: ct.J~-efft.:o JJ4m!i¥-Jt.c >b o)Iifii5O)
7.RTii IJ, 11lt~~ c ~d'9'F.iJ~lljjlit-e*Ji <, cp -j&if..I..:.,ffl,h.:l1. J.J ±I!b >b t.J,t.c IJ 5~ <*Ji \, '0 ID!:fi.
t.J,t.c IJ ~1?.7,t.iJ~;l;J.Jo ~t$iiito) >b O)'HIIl1lJJ • ~J,Jj[t.J~~~ij""(', 5~\',±nM~t.c~ij\,'t.J~!JiJi~td~JI1Jt.J,t~\' ,~{}(t.J~;l; J.J o ID!:O)~ 1?.7,t. >b ~~~ij\, '0 ~t*ito) I. pic/lis gracilis/ria illS K. &P. v..:.I1lt~~O)~~ijt.c.¢.;,t.J~fbl.J.J t.J~, f1ll~0)1IEfiIUHJi*t.c±JI1JiJ~;l; J.J o ID!:O)~ I?.7,t.O)~ij\, '.¢.;,""('Ii I. pic illS neocaledoniclls Jcannet C~ Ii;: 0) 1IEfii5lui~r,,~;l; IJ ) c ~-l:!: 1?.:I1. J.J >b 0) V..:.
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0i"0*~R~

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 153, pp. 25-35, 7 Figs., April 3(), 19X9872.

CALYPTOGENA (CALYPTOGENA) PACIFICA DALL (BIVALVIA)
FROM THE NEOGENE SYSTEM IN THE JOETSU DISTRICT,NIIGATA PREFECTURE*SABURO KANNO
11-1,7 chome, Shakujii-machi, Nerima-ku, Tokyo 177

KAZUTAKA AMANO
Joetsu University of Education,
Joetsu City, Niigata Prefecture 943
and

HIROMITSU BAN
No.3 Elementary School,
Imaichi City, Tochigi Prefecture 321-12

Abstract. Calyptogena (s.s.) pacifica was discovered from the Neogene System in thewestern part of Joetsu City. This species occurs from four localities in the turbiditic strata,
and its occurrences show the autochthonous in three localities whereas allochthonous in therest. This species was associated with deep-sea bottom dwellers in all localities. At thepresent, this species seems to be restricted in the Neogene System of western Hokkaido to
Niigata Prefecture along the Japan Sea. The ratios of shell height to length become small
as to shell growth, and the beaks situate more anteriorly in adult age than the younger one.
The teeth fairly vary in their growth stages, and become more simple in adult than that ofyounger one. There arc some relationship between the growth of individuals of C. (s.s.)pacifica and the size of their shell colonies. The shell colonies of fossil Calyptogena seemto suggest an indicator of the extinct venting area in the geologic time. The writers pointed
out the confusion among the previous workers on the type locality of C. (s.s.) pacifica.
Key words.

Calyptogena, venting area, Neogene, Joetsu, Niigata

Grant and Gale (1931), Okutani (1966), andBoss and Turner (1980) studied this species
from the taxonomical and ecological pointsof view. Bernard (1974) described the anatomy of this species collected from British
Columbia at the depth of 750 m and 915 m.
Tiba (1972) reported this species from the
Okhotsk Sea. According to these previous
authors, the living specimens distribute in theoff Dixon Entrance in north to the off Mexico
in south in the east Pacific and the Okhotsk

Introduction
Dall (1891) established a new genus
Calyptogena based on C. pacifica collectedfrom off Dixon Entrance, southeastern Alaska. Subsequently, Oldroyd (1924) reported
its occurrence from the Clarence Strait insoutheastern Alaska to Santa Barbara Channel tn southern California. Afterward,'Received July 6, 1988: revised manuscript accepted
December, I, 1988

15

Sabul'O Kanno el al.

26

Sea. This species is one of the muddy bottom dwellers of deep-sea ranging from 500 to
1,200 meters (Bernard, 1974).
F ossi I species was reported by Dall (1903)
and Grant and Gale (1931) from the gass welldrilled in the Pliocene strata in Los Angeles.
Si nce Otuka (1937) reported this species fromthe Pliocene Wakimoto Formation of Oga
Peninsula in Akita Prefecture, Otatume(1942) described it from the Morai Formation(Miocene) in the Ishikari Province of western
Hokkaido. Recently, the writers collected
several specimens of this species from the
Pliocene formations of Nadachi and Kawazume, and the Miocene N6dani Formation
distributed in the western part of Joetsu Cityin southwestern N i igata Prefecture.
The stratigraphy and geologic structure inthis area were studied by Fujimoto el al.
(1951), Nishida el al (1966), Akahane (1975),
Chihara (ed., 1977), Tsuda el al. (1981) andAmano el al. (1987), which are summerized
as shown in Table I.
The main purpose of this paper is todescribe the flrst occurrence of CalYPlogena

Table I.
Age(s.s.) pacifica from the Neogene System in the
Joetsu district, and to compare the Joetsu
specimens with the Dall's type as well as otherrecorded specimens. Furthermore, thewriters pointed out that the occurrence offossil colonies of Calyp/Ogena seems to suggest the exti nct venti ng area in the geologic
time.
The writers wish to express their thanks to
the late Professor Myra Keen, Stanford University, for her encouragement to the present
work. Thanks are due to Professor Hiroshi
Noda of the University of Tsukuba andProfessor Hideo Kagami of Kochi University
for their kind information on some recent
literatures concerning to the deep-sea mollusb. The writers are indebted to Mr. Hiroshi Nagai and Miss Satsuki Koganezawa for
their cooperation in the fleld work when they
were students of Joetsu University of Education.

Fossil localities and fossil occurrencesLoc. I. River bed of the Nakanomata River,

Stratigraphic sequence of the Tertiary System and its characteristics in the western part of
Joetsu City. Niigata Prefecture.

Formations
Tanihama F.

Lithofacies
Tuffaceous siltstone

Thickness
40m+

Ad/a (Truncad/a) insignis (Gould)
Nucu/ana (Nucu/ana) onoyamai Otuka
Port/andia (Port/andel/a)/oyamensis Kuroda
De/ec/opec/en peckhami (Gabb)
Ca~l'plOgena pacifica Dall
So/em)'a sp.
COllchoce/e disjunc/a Gabb
Ludlloma aClllilinea/a (Conrad)Ca/)'p/ogena pacifica Dall
Ad/a sp.
Port/andia (Por//andel/a)
Iischkei (Smith)COllchoce/e disjunc/a Gabb
C a(l'plOgel1a pacifica Da II
M acolI/a sp.

Nadachi F.

Gray mudstone and siltstone

7S0
I
IIOOm

Kawazume F.

Alternation of siltstone andconglomerate with pcb·
ble-bearing mudstone

600
I
700 m

Ni'>dani F.

Up. : Dark gray mudstoneand siltstone
Lo\\,. : Alternation of sand·stone and mudstone

1300
I
1700m

N ishihiyama
Formation

Alternation of mudstoneand sandstone with pcb·
ble-bearing mudstone

600m+ Ca(l'plOgena '?

'"<::
'"uc
c:::

'"<::
'"c

u

~

Characteristic mollusks

sp.

872.

Ca(Jlptogena pacifica .fi'om Joetsu districta tributary of the Kuwatori River, about 350
m downstream from Zokan Bridge in Nakanomata, Joetsu City (Figure I).
Lithofacies: Small-sized calcareous concretions (about 5-IOcm in diameter) in adark gray mudstone of the alternation ofthin-bedded sandstone (about 2 cm thick)and a dark gray, thick mudstone (about 2 m
thick) of the N6dani Formation (Fujimoto etal., 1951; Nishida et al., 1966; Tsuda etal., 1981).
Loc 2. River bed of the Todomeki-zawa,a small tributary of the Nakanomata River,about 750 m upstream from Shoei Bridge in
Nakanomata, Joetsu City (Figure I).
Lithofacies: Fossiliferous calcareous concretions in a dark gray, strati tIed mudstone of
the alternation 0(' sandstone and mudstone of
the N6dani Formation.
Loc. 3. River bed of the Kuwatori River,about 20 m downstream from Doguchi Bridgein Doguchi, Joetsu City (Figure I).
Lithofacies: Gray mudstone of the alternation 0(' thin-bedded siltstone (about 10 cm
thick) and a rather thick, gray mudstone of
the Kawazume Formation (Fujimoto et al.,1951; Nishida et al., 1966; Tsuda et al.,1981 ).
Loc.4. A roadside cliff close to the Nadachi Signal Station of JR-railway, along the

JOETSU
CITY

;:::.

'"

i

3

!Ooguchi);ox Lac. 3\t--.....

X Loc.2\ 1
Figure 1. Index map of the fossil localities of
Ca/yplOgena (s.s.) pacifica Dall.

27

Route 8 in Nadachi Town, Nishikubiki-gun,
Niigata Prefecture (Figure I).
Lithofacies: Dark gray, massive mudstoneof the Nadachi Formation (Fujimoto et al.,1951; Nishida et al., 1966; Akahane, 1975;
Tsuda et al., 1981; Amano et al., 1988).
The molluscan fossils from Loc. I occur
from calcareous concretions in a dark graymudstone of the N6dani Formation.
Among the molluscan fossils, Ca~JiPtogena(s.s.) pacifica is chiefly concentrated in somesmall concretions with their original chalky
shells. The molluscan fauna consists of thefollowing species: Solemya sp. (3), Calyptogena (s.s.) pacifica (14) and Neptunea cf.
modesta (Kuroda) (2*). (*Numbers in parenthesis show the number of collected individuals). Excepting for Calyptogena, othermollusks occur sporadically from a gray,massive mudstone.
The occurrence of molluscan fossils from
Loc. 2 is the same as that of Loc. I, but only
one articulated specimen of C. (s.s.) pacific{lobtained from a calcareous small concretionin a dark gray mudstone of the N6daniFormation.
The molluscan fossils from Loc. 3 occur
from a rather thick, gray mudstone as;
Solemya sp. (I), Conchocele disjuncta Gabb
(4), Lucinoma acutilineata (Conrad) (I) andC. (s.s.) pacifica (7). Calyptogena (s.s.)pacifica occurs from a small-sized calcareous
concretion and also occurs sporadically froma mudstone associated with other articulated
bivalves listed above.
The molluscan fossils from Loc. 4 occur
from a grayish white, massive mudstone of the
Nadachi Formation. The fossils are mostly
represented by internal or external molds. In
addition, they occur concentrically in rather
small area as they were swept together in ahorizon, in which most bivalves are represented by disarticulated ones or its fragments.
The identified mollusks from this locality are
as follow: Solemya (Acharax) tokunagai
Yokoyama (I), Nuculana pernula (MUller)(I), Limatula cf. valadil'ostokensis (Scarlato)

28

Sabllro Kanno el al.

C. (s.s.) pacifica (52), LlIcinoma
aClllilineala (2), Conchocele sp. ( I), Cylichna '? sp. (I) and Gadilia '? sp. (I).

(I),

Characteristics of molluscan fauna
Judging from the fossil occurrences of thestudied area, the molluscan faunas from Locs.
I to 3 represent undoubtedly autochthonous
fauna, but the rest, Loc. 4 seems to be an
allochthonous one. However, the original
habitat seems to be almost the same environment as that of the moll uscan faunas from
Locs. I to 3, because most species from Loc. 4
are almost muddy bottom dwellers.
According to Turner and Lutz (1984),
Calyp/Ogena magnifica Boss and Turner is
one of the most common members of themacrofauna at many deep-sea vent- or seepsites of the Galapagos Rise and the East
Pacific Rise in the depth of about 2450 to2700 merters, where the marine water temperature is measured about 2°C (Ballard, 1983;
Tokuyama el al., 1984). On the other hand,according to the results of the first directscientific observation of the deep-sea trenchbottoms around Japan, "The Kaiko Project"which was held by the joint investigation ofFrance and Japan in 1984-85, the colonies ofdeep-sea bottom dwellers consist essentiallyof Calyp/Ogena (Fuj ioka el al., 1987; Ohta
and Lau bier, 1987). These colonies were
found around the subduction zones of thelandward walls of the Japan and Kuriles
Trenches (Boulegue el al., 1987; Fujioka elal., 1987). I n particular, the major deep-sea
shell colonies are closely related with thereverse faults or fractures arranging parallelto the axis of trench. The methane-charged
water was found from the deep-sea vents or
seeps along these reverse faults or fractures(Fuj ioka el al., 1987). Moreover, the ventsor seeps of interstitial water take place inthese areas in the depth rangi ng from 3800 to
5900 meters, where it measures 1.63"c whereas
I. 19°C of the water temperature at the outsideof these vents or seeps (Fujioka el al., 1987).

The above-mentioned data may lead to thefollowing conclusion that Calyp/Ogena is oneof the characteristic constituents of the deepsea macrofauna and such deep-sea fauna may
be sustai ned by chemostynthetic energy
sources of connate water seepages along thereverse faults and fractures in the continental
slopes.

Relationship between the growth of
Calyptogena and size of shell colony
Compared with the occurrence of Ca~l'pIO­

gena (s.s.) pacifica from the Morai district inHokkaido and the Joetsu district in Niigata
Prefecture, somewhat large shell colonies ofabout I to 2 meters in diameter are dominant
in the former, but very small shell colonies ofabout 5 to 10 cm occur in the latter. At aglance of Figures 4 and 5, C. (s.s.) pacifica
seems to increase its shell size in propotion to
the size of their shell colonies. The Joetsu
specimens seem to represent rather young
specimens.
The present writers estimate that thedifference of size of shell colonies seems to bereflecting the difference of favorable condition for the growth of shell. According to
the recent studies by the French-Japanese
Project (1984-85) (Boulegue el al., 1987,
Dron el al., 1987, Fujioka el al., 1987, Ohta
el al., 1987), it becomes clear that the size ofshell colony of Calyp/Ogena seems to be dueto the duration of favourable condition venting the methane-charged water from the active
reverse faults. Such vents or seeps distributechiefly along the reverse faults on the landward wall of the subduction zones of the
Nankai Trough as well as the Kuriles andJapan Trenches as reported by the Fujioka elal. (1987).
The shell colonies grown up by theinsufficient amount of venti ng water or by thecomparatively short duration of active vents
seem to be small ones and also their constituents might be unable to reach their own fullgrowth. This may be the reason of the872.

CalYPlogena pacifica from JoelSl/ dislriCI

difference of size of Calyptogena (s.s.)pacifica from the Morai and Joetsu districts.
From the above consideration, the writers
estimate that the size of shell colony of fossil
CalYPlogena seems to be one of the important
indicators of the extinct venting area in theancient geologic time.

Systematic description
Family Vesicomyidae Dall, 1908
Genus CalYPlogena Dall, 1891
Subgenus Ca(l'ptogena s.s.

CalyplOgena (s.s.) pacifica Dall, 1891
Figures 3, 4. 7-1-15
Ca(JlplOgena pacifica Dall, I H91, p. 190; I H95, p. 713.
pl.25. figs. 4, 5; 1903, p. 1435-1436; 1921, p. 32 ;Oldroyd, 1924. p. 116; Grant and Gale. 1931. p.
278-279, pI. 13. figs. 13a-b; Thiele. 1935. p. H48 ;Otuka, 1937, fig.; OtalUme, 1942, p.435-437, pI.
16, figs. 1-12; Okutani, 1966, pI. 27, figs. 1.3;
Keen, 1969, N664, fig. EI3S, Ila-b; Tiba, 1972, p.
155, pI. 19, figs. 6, 6a; Habe, 1977, p. 237.
Unio lIIoraiensis Suzuki, 1941, p. 55-56. pI. 4, figs. 2-5.
Ca(l'plogena (Ca/YPlOgena) pacifica, Bernard. 1974.
p. 11-13, pI. 12, figs. I A, 2A, 3A, 4A-D; Boss andTurner, 19S0, p. 188-189, figs. Ba-b, Ca-b.

Type locality: Off Dixon Entrance ofsoutheastern Alaska in 322 fathoms, where
the bottom material consists of mud and thebottom temperature is measured about 5.re(Dall, 1891): Though Dall (1891) reported
the type locality of the species is off Dixon
Entrance, he (1895) also described its type
locality is in the Clarence Strait in southeastern Alaska (Figure 2). However, the station
number of the Albatross is the same in his
both reports as # 3077 in a depth of 322
fathoms. Boss and Turner (1980, P 179) described the location of the Albatross station #3077 is in 55°46'N and 132°24'W in 580 m indepth. Their location drops in the Clarence
Strait. However, the depth of the Clarenee
Strait is undoubtedly shallower than 322

29

fathoms as shown in the geographic map by
Boaranov el al., 1967 (Figure 2). Accordingly, the Albatross station # 3077 should bein off Dixon Entrance where the sea-bottom isa part of continental slope in the Pacific
Ocean.
Examined specimens: Most specimens collected from Locs. 1-3 are rather well preserved with white, thick, chalky shells ofarticulated valves, but the specimens from
Loc.4 are mostly represented by internal orexternal molds.
Remarks: Although, these specimens are
somewhat smaller than the Dall's type specimen (Figure 3), their characterisics are quitesame as the type specimen (Dall, 1891, 1895;
Bernard, 1974; Boss and Turner, 1980).
Particularly, the deep muscle scars, staut ligament and hinge apparatus as well as the shapeof shell serve to distinguish it from the otherknown species. However, the hinge teeth of
the species are somewhat different from theirrespective growth stages.
The right valve of the young specimen
provides subumbonal cardinal tooth consisting of hook-shaped element (Figures 3a-3b, 4-C - 0, and Figure 7-13), which separates
into two dental elements of 3a and 3b as
growth of shell. In the inside of the hookshaped element, there is a reverse chevronshaped element (Figures 4-C and 0, andFigure 7-13), which seems to be theunspecialized hinge apparatus of AI and I.
AlII is scarcely recognized at the end of hinge
plate of very young specimens. PI is notclear because of poor preservation. However, judging from the scarcely preserved
posterior lateral socket in a very young left
valve, (Figure 4- E, and Figure 7-15), PI may
possibly provide in the very young rightvalve. The hinge apparatuses vary with their
growth into more simple one, e.g., AlII, AI
and PI disappear in somewhat large shell, andthe posterior cardinal tooth (3b) runs posteriorly from beneath umbo to the the beginningof nymphal callosity (Figure 4-A). Okutani(1966) described the dental formula of young

Saburo Kan no el al.

30

2a 2b 4b (Okut a ni , 1966 ), so me yo un ge r specimens at hand prov id e th e posteri o r lateral
soc ket as show n in Fi gure 4- E, a nd Fi gures
7- 4, 15. Th e dent a l fo rmul a o f mo re grow nup va lves show the mo re simpl e o ne, e .g., L :2a 2b 4b. Th en, th e dent a l fo rmul a o f th e
spec ies see ms to deve lo p durin g th e grow th o f'shell as show n in the fo ll ow in g way :
L:

A ll

Sm a ll er shell: R : A lii
.

( 2"
}"

L:

(A I

2h ) 4b I' ll
PI V
I)}h
PI '

A II

Intermedi ate o ne : R : AlliL:

2a
A l Ja

2a

2b
(I)

2b

4b

3b

4b

So mew hat I a rge l' 0 ne : -=-R----::----:----::'-:-b3a I
J).. .. .. Unspec ia li zedta inl y o bse rved tee th .

134'

1 32'

Figure 2. Geog ra phi c map aro und th e Di xo n
Entr a nce a nd th e Cla rence Str a it in so uth eas tern
A las ka. I. Queen C ha rl ott e Is. 2. Prin ce o f'W a les
Is. 3. Bara nof Is. 4. Za remb o Is. 5. Eto lin Is.
6. Rcv ill og iged Is. 7. G rav in a Is.

spec im en by th e meth od o f Bern ard a nd
Muni el- C ha lm as (M oo re el al. , 19 52;
Shroc k a nd T wenh ofel, 195 3 ; J-I aya mi , 1962 )as fo ll ow; R : A lII 3a (I) 3b. Th o ugh mo re
yo un ge r spec imen s pro vid e a posteri o r latera l
too th (PI) , th e mo re grow n-up va lves at ha ndshow th e mo re simpl e de nta l fo rmul a asstated in th e foreg in g lin es.
In left va lve, th e subumb o na l ca rdin a l
too th is mo re o r less curved ve ntra ll y as
hoo k- sha ped sma ll element (Fi gure 4- E, andFi gures 7- 4, 7, 14, 15) with ce ntra l sock et.
Thi s is referred to th e a nteri o r ramu s (o ra nteri o r d o rsa l ca rdin a l too th , poss ibl y 2a )and ce ntra l ramu s (o r posteri o r ce ntra l too th ,poss ibl y 2b). Posteri o r subumbo nal ca rdina l toot h radi ates posteri o rl y fr o m th e
benea th umb o to th e beg innin g o f th enymph a l ca ll os ity. Th o ugh th e dent al formul a o f yo un ge r specim en shows as L: Alltee th ;* ...... U nce r-

Form ratios 0/ sh ells : Th e shell fo rm o f
Ca ly p lOgena (s.s. ) p acifica is fa irl y va ri a bl e as
to its grow th stages as show n in Fi gures 5 a nd
6; e .g ., I) th e rati os o f height to len gth
decrease gradu a ll y fro m sma ll shell to largeo ne; 2) fo rm of shell is rath er rounded- ova tein th e sma ll sha ll , but it va ri es gradu a ll y int oso mew hat elo nga te- ova te with th eir grow th .
Bea ks situ ate so me\v hat behind th e a nteri o r
end o f shell in sma ll er shell , but it is graduall y cl ose to th e a nteri o r end with grow th o f

3cm
Figure 3. Ho lo type o f' Ca /yp/ogena ( 5.5.)
pacifica Da ll , reprodu ced fr o m Da ll (pI. 25 , fi gs. 4, 5,
1895 )

872.

Ca(vptogena pacifica from Joetsli district

shell (Figure 6).
The results of measurements including thetype and previously described specimens areshown in Figures 5 and 6. Judging from theresults, the Joetsu specimens seem to represent
rather young, immature specimens comparedwith the specimens recorded from other localIties. Regardless the geologic age of both
specimens from the Morai and Joetsu districts
is almost the same, the specimens came fromthe latter are fairly smaller than that of the

31

%
H/L

.
9

65

.
8

60

3 12

o •

10

13

11

2

0

24 II

••

4 18 21xc,. x x O I
23
22
x
15

55

16
x

50

19
x

20
45
14
x

40
20

30
40
50
L e n g t h (mm.)

Figure 5.

60

70

Ratiosof height to length ofI, holotype ofDall(1891): 2, paratype by Okutani (1966); 3, off
Oregon by Keen (MS); 4, Grant and Gale (1931) ;5-7. Loe. I, NOdani Formation; 8-9. Loc. 3, Kawazume Formation; 10-13, Loc. 4, Nadachi Formation; 14-23, Morai Formation (14-16. by Kanno,
MS; 17-19, by Suzuki, 1941; 2()-23, by Otatume.
1943): 24, Wakimoto Formation by Otuka, (1937).
Ca~l'ptogel1a (s.s.) pacifica Dall;

3a, . .

~
,

~

..'

~
3b ne

AI'II (AI

I)

2

em

:(£)
. !
I.a.:

%
La/L

AlII (AI,------ ~ _. L ---_.-:

35

I)

10

.'

_ ___ J~_____

E ..•.

,,~".i.;.<,. •. : . ····:V~>~ '.
~
' ••

,

,I

PI'V S" Pit n'e

I

4b

3
0
!3

30

, . ,

, , '

(2b

0

2a).i.r I
lem

Figure 4. Development of hinge apparatus
with growth of shell. A-C, development of hinge
apparatus of right valves; D. showing the hookshaped unspecialized 3a and 3b and the posterior
lateral tooth in young right valve; E, very young left
valve, showing the primitive posterior lateral socket
and hook-shaped unspecialized 2a and 2b. nc····nymphal callosity; s··· . socket ; ( ) ... ·unspecialized teeth; •.... uncertain teeth.

24
2

12.

•

x

0
21
x
15
x

2~x16
4
c,.

25

1

18
23
x

,

11
x
20
x

14
x

20
20

30

40

Len g t

50
h

60

(mm.)

Figure 6. Ratios of the length (La) measured
from beak to the anterior end to shell length (L) of
C. (s.s.) pacifica Dall. The numbers are the same as
in Figure 5.

Sabul'O K anna el al.

32

1a

/

\

.~ ,'1' ;(~,1", ..

.

• '" ::;."..r..t J:( ,_.

2

7

8

6

,l

5

r:,

872.

Calyplogena pacifica from Joeisli dis I ric I

former. This may be due to the difference of"their geologic and biologic environment during the growth of" these specimens. This
problem will be discussed in detail in anotherarticle.

References cited
Akahane, S., 1975: Stratigraphy and geologic structure of the Neogene System in the mountain landof the west of Joetsu City, Niigata Prefecture (inJapanese). Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol. 81, no.
12, p. 737-754.
Amano, K., Kanno, S., Ichikawa, A. and Yanagisawa, Y., 1987: Molluscan fauna from the Tanihama Formation in the western part of Joetsu
City. -Studies on the molluscan fossils fromthe western part of Joetsu district, Niigata Prefecture (Part 2).
Bull. Joetsu Univ. Educ., vol.
6, Sec. 3, p. 157-170, pis. 1-2.
- - , Ichikawa, A. and Koganezawa, S., 1988: Molluscan fauna from the Nadachi Formation
around Osuga Bridge in Nadachi Town,
Nishikubiki-gun (in Japanese lVith English
abstracl). Ibid., vol. 7, Sec. 3, p. 63-71, pis. 12.
Ballard, R. D., 1983: Exploring our living plane!.
366 pp. Nal. Geogr. Soc., Washington D.C.
Baranov, A. N., Lysiuk, V. N. and Shurov, S. I.,
1967: The world atlas. Chief A dminis/(ltionof Geodesy and Carlography under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. 250 pp. Moscow.
Bernard, F. R., 1974: The genus Ca(l'pLOgena in
British Columbia with a description of a new
species (Bivalvia, Vesicomyidae). Venus, vol.
33, no. I, p. 11-22, text-figs. 1-4.
Boss, K. J. and Turner, R. D., 1980: The giant
white clam from the Galapagos Rift, CalypLOgena magnifica, species novum. Malacologia,

33

vol. 20, no. I, p. 161-194.
Boulcgue, J., Benedelli, E. L., Dron, D., Marioni, A.
and Letolle, R., 1987: Geochemical and biogeochemical observations on the biological communities associated with fluid venting in Nankai
Trough and Japan Trench subduction zones.
Earlh Plane!. Sci., Leller, no. 83, p.343-355.
Chihara, K., ed., 1977. Geological map I: 200,000

of Niigata PrefeclUre and its explanaLOry text.
493 pp. Niigata Prefecture.
Dall, W. H., 1891 : On some new or interesting west
American shells obtained from the dredgings of
the U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross in
1888, and from other sources. Proc. U.S. Na!.
Mus., vol. 19, no. 849, p. 173-191, pis. 5-7.
- - , 1895: Scientific results of explorations by tbe
U.S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. No.
XXXIV-Report on Mollusca and Brachiopoda
dredged in deep water, chiefly ncar the Hawaiian
Islands, with illustrations of hitherto unligured
specimens from Northwest America. Ibid., vol.
17, no. 1032, p. 675-733, pis. 23-32.
- - , 1903: Contribution to the Tertiary fauna of
Florida with special reference to the Silex-beds of
Tampa and the Pliocene beds of the Calooshatchie River, including in many cases a complete
revision of the generic groups treated of and their
American Tertiary species. Part II. Concluding
the work. Trans. Wagner Free Ins!. Sci. Phi/a.,no. 3, p. 1219-1654, pis. 1-13.
- - , 1921: Summary of the marine shell-bearing
moll usks of the northwest coast of America, fromSan Diego, California, to the Polar Sea, mostly
contained in the collection of the United States
National Museum, with illustrations of hitherto
unfigured species. Bull. U.S. Na!. Mus., no.
112, p. 1-217, pis. 1-22.
Dron, D., Boulcgue, J., Taira, A. and Rangin, c.,1987: Geochemistry of the biological community (Kaiko). Earlh Plane!. Sci., Leller, no. 83,
p. 356-362.
Fujimoto, N., Fujita, K., Komatani, I., Morishita, A.,+-- Figures 7-1-15. Calyp!ogena (s.s.) pacifica Dall 1-2. Articulated specimens from Loc. I ; la, left
valve, X 2.1 ; Ib, umbonal view, showing the staut ligament of la, X 1.9; 2, X 1.8. 3. Rubber-cast of left
valve from Loc.2, X 1.2. 4-5. Hinge plate of young specimens of left valves from Loc. 2; 4, showing theunspecialized cardinal tooth with hook-shaped element (possibly 2a and 2b) and scarcely recognized
posterior lateral socket, X 3.7; 5, rubber-cast, showing the unspecialized subumbonal teeth, X 2.0. 6.
Right valve, missing the posterior part of shell from Loc.3, X 1.7. 7. Rubber-cast of hinge plate of left
valve, showing the unspecialized subumbonal teeth from Loc. 3, X 1.6. 8, 12. Right valves from Loc. 4; 8,rubber-cast, X 1.3; 12, inner mold, showing the distinct muscle scars. 9-11. Left valves from Loc. 4; 9
and II, rubber-cast, X 1.5; 10, inner mold, X 3.0. 13-15. Rubber-casts of the hinge teeth of younger
specimens from Loc. 4; 13, right valve, showing the hook-shaped cardinal tooth, possibly unspecialezed 3aand 3b, and reverse chevron-shaped subumbonal clement, possibly unspecialized AI and I, X 3.0; 14-15,
hinge teeth of left valves, showing the unspecializcd cardinal tooth with hook-shaped elements (possibly 2aand 2b), X 1.9; 15, younger specimen, showing the posterior lateral socket corresponding to PI, X 3.0.

Saburo Kanno el al.

34

Sawai, K. and Sumita, M., 1951: On the
Neogene deposits in the Nishikubiki district,Niigata Prefecture (in Japanese). Chigaku(Earth Science), no. 3, p. 23-30.
Fujioka, K., Taira, A., Kobayashi, K., Nakamura, K.,liyama, T., Cadet, J.-P., Lallemand, S. andGerard, D., 1987: 6000 meters deep: A trip to

the Japanese Trenches photographic records of
the Nautile dives in the Japanese subduction
zones, eddited by Kaiko III Research Croup.
104 pp. Univ. Tokyo Press, Ifremer, and CNRS.
Grant, U. S. and Gale, H. R., 1931 : Catalogue of themarine Pliocene and Pleistocene Mollusca of
California and adjacent regions. Mem. San
Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 1, no. 1, p.1-1036,
pis. 1-32.
Habe, T., 1977: Systematics of Mollusca in Japan.

Bial'([lvia and Scaphopoda (in Japanese).

372

pp., Hokuryu-kan, Tokyo,.
Hayami, I., 1962: On the dentition formula of the·heterodont pelecypods (in Japanese). Fossils,
no. 4, p. 67-78.
Keen, M. A., 1969: Family Vesicomyidae Dall, 1908.
In, Moore, R. C ed., Treatise on invertebrate
paleontology, part N, vol. 2, Mollusca 6,
Bivalvia, N491-952, Geol. Soc. Amer. and Univ.
K a n sas. Press.
Moore, R. C, Lalicker, C G. and Fischer, G. G.,
1952: IIlI'ertebrate fossils. 766 pp., McGrawHill Book Compo Inc., New York.
Nishida, S., Tsuda, K. and Ichimura, S., 1966: On the
Neogene deposits of the northern part of the
Fossa Magna region. -Studies of the so-called
Nanbayama Formation, Part 1- (in JapaneseIl'ith English abstract). Bull. Ceol. Miner. Inst.,
Fac. Sci., Niigaw Vniv., no. 1, p. 1-14.
Ohta, S., and Laubier, L., 1987: Deep biologicalcommunities in the subduction zone of Japan
from bottom photographs taken during"Nautile" dives in Kaiko Project. Earth Planet.
Sci., Leller, no. 83, p. 329-342.

Nadachi Formation

II, Zokan Bridge'*' /Doguchi Bridge ±pm, Nakanomata
f!;;!;, Joetsu City
Kawazume Formation JII~II, Shoei Bridge ug~I&JII, Wakimoto Formation Mh*II, Morai Formation ~*~lLlI,

l::;IjJ!m, N6dani Formation*m, Kuwatori River

Okutani, T., 1966: Identity of Calyptogena andAkebiconcha (Bivalvia, Cyprinidae) (inJapanese with English summary). Venus, vol.
24, no. 4, p. 297-303, pis. 27-28.
Oldroyd, I.S., 1924: Marine shells of the West Coastof North America. SWIZ(' Vnil'. Publ., Vnil'.
Ser., Ceol. Sci., vol. I, no. 1. p. 1-247, pis. I-57.
Otatume, K., 1942: On the occurrence of I()ssi I
Ca~rptogena from the Ishikari Oil-Field. Hokkaido (in Japanese lrith English abstract).
Jour. Ceol. Soc. Japan, vol. 45, no. 590, p.435437, pI. 16.
Otuka, Y., 1937: Occurrence of CaZrptogena pacifica
Dall from Wakimoto on Oga Peninsula (inJapanese). Ibid., vol. 44, no. 522. p. 231, 1
Text-fig.
Shrock, R. R. and Twenhofel, W.H., 1953: Principles
of invertebrate paleontology (2nd ed.). 816 pp.
McGraw-Hili Book Com. inc., New York.
Suzuki, K., 1941: Three new species of non-marine
shells from the Tertiary formations of Hokkaido
and Karahuto. Japan. Jour. Ceol. Ceogr .. no.
18, p. 53-58, pI. 4.
Thiele, J., 1935: Handbuch der .Iystematischen
Weichtierkunde. Gustav Fischer, Jena. vol. 2,
no. 3, p. 779- 1022.
Tiba. R., 1972: Some interesting shells from the Seaof Okhotsk and Bering Sea. Venus, vol. 30, no.
4, p. 153-156, pI. 19.
Tokuyama, A., Ozawa, T. and Nishimura, T. (Ichikawa, M. ed.), 1984: Exploring our liI'ing planet(Japanese edit.). 380 pp., Fukutake Publishing
Co. Ltd., Tokyo.
Tsuda. K., Shirai, K., Hasegawa, Y. and Shinkawa,K.. 1981: Subsllljace geological map, "Takadaseibu", scale I: 50,000. Niigata Pre Iccture.
Turner, R. D. and Lutz, R. A., 1984: Growth anddistribution of mollusks at deep-sea vents andseeps. Oceanus, vol. 27, no. 3, p.54-62.

~~'±..frll,

ii7t~.

:m~!if!-l::;IjJ!:tm:1J O):m~':::'*i£ Cal)'ptogena pacifica Dall ~.::. "'::> l '-C : Ca~Fptogena pac(ficaDall fi.~t*~7 '7 A ;iJ0)*-,¥i$*~*;f;- '/ ?ffljxm'±.-t7.Ji)~, ir.E L-Cfi.;iJ ~ 7;t ,,.::. -vmmlO).@.f:m;fi1E, fJ\E8 !if!-~I1[.¥,i1l;:}.; J: lf~tifjh~~:llHt:iliO)~:m-,*,:m;fi1EiJ' G~ G.:h -C l'
Q 0 . : O)t-: Ifl::;IjJ!:ttk:1J O)J::ml,*,~- .@.f:m;fi1EiJ' G ~~O) *~ ~J'*~ L t-:O) -C', -t O)i£:I*~7fJ~~.::. "'::>l' -C ~W L t-:o *~a?l~ l' r f*O)iIe:!B,*, 0) Ew(~B!I!t (f~ 5 -10 cm)~.::.*

c.

c.

- ?l
c.

n

'*'

~ L -C i£1±J-t Q .: iJ~~l '0': G o)~*fi.m:;t~*~~ti'fjj:~i£O) >b 0) ~.::.tx:""7fJiJ~/J' ~ l '0*~fi.*~-t Q~ff~H$:'Il:fO):;k/J' -tn~~JJ.lt-t Q %f[QItl>O):;k ~ ~ f'::'fi.l*I~iJ~.:5 Q J: ? t.::.J!
;:t Q 0 -tt.cht:>, :;k ~ tJ:~f[QItl>tn\,*,O)~:;kf[QItl>fi./J\ ~ tJ:~i[QItl>'Il:fO)~:;kOOtl> J: I) >b:;k ~ l ' 0872.

Calyptogena pacifica from Joetsll district':::*'Lfi*1'iO)~}~JJjJH':'J: G ~ 0) cj:!tiE~hGo *,IIfi hot vent ~ cold vent {t:i!It.:.~,\ll,
L, ~ j~\BI{: 1l t.:. J: -:> "( ~ i% L "( \" G .::: c ii' ~U iJJ'I L "( ~ t.:..o .::: 0) ttl'!,¢.( t.:. t.:.. "( fi {r. E
Calyptogena O){~{2Is:~:!tO)fftEfi'::: hz-~ifT G:JmJlO)j?U'1n~!iz-~~i- G ift.J tt.=t-il;ii,I) z-lf;tG ~ 0) c ii;;tG o*tm finJ(;:IltO)~f§!-et5tIil!t0)%{2Is:~iP!:O)MiI'~{r.T G i-tt.v '1;" YJJIlifO)~·ti\l!rt.:.fi iltr~~{ltU
J\mil'fftET G ~ 0) 0) J: ? -e ii!> Gil;, nJ(;:IltT G t.:. --:>h"( .::: h I? iI;m;l<;: L, YJJllift.:.ft1'iJJ'I~t-:-:>
t,:,,9=':9i!:3:.J\mil'iJJ'Il?iI't.:.tt. Go ;l: t.:.., nJ(;:IltT G t.:.--:>;/'L "(iP!:fiiltr1&t.:.:Ilt <tt.l), il1:]Jiftiltr:nt.:.
&~TGJ:?K~Go.~~ •• ~~~*.# ~~035

Trans. Proc. Palaeonl. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 153, pp. 36-47,4 Figs .. April 30, 1989

873.

A STUDY OF CORBULA AND NIPPONICORBULA (BIVALVIA)
FROM THE CRETACEOUS OF JAPAN*
T AKESHI KOZAI
Department of Earth Science, Naruto University of Education,
Naruto, 772

Abstract. This paper contains the revised descriptions of five species from Japan,
whieh were referred to Nippollicorblila. Corblila and EOllrsil'ivas. The genus EOlirsil'iI'(Js isranked down to the subgenus of Corblila. and Corblila ( Varicorbllla) lIshiblikensis Tashiro
et Otsuka is transferred to Corblila (Bicorbllla). In addition, a new species of Corblila(Bicorbllla) is established on the material from the Maastrichtian Upper Himenoura Subgroup of Kumamoto Prefecture. The environments inhabited by Nippollicorbllla mijllllensis
Ota and Nippollicorbllla mashikensis Tamura are discussed.

Key words.

Corbllla. Nipponicorbllla. Cretaceous. Non-maine bivalvia

recl to Nipponicorblila mijllnensis Ota.
In this paper, six species, including a newone, are described on the specimens collectedfrom several localities in Kyushu. On thisoccasion, some of the previously establishedspecies are revised on the basis of better
preserved specimens of subsequent collections.
The specimens described in this paper are
kept mostly in the Geological Collections ofKochi University, Kochi (KSG), and partly
in the Department of Geology, Faculty of
Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima(IGSH), Department of Earth Sciences, Fukuoka University of Education, Akama(GT), and Geological Collections of Kyushu
University, Fukuoka (GK).

Introduction
Hase (1960) reported Corblila imamllrae
Hase and C. matsul1lO[oi Hase from the. Cretaceous formations in the western part of
Chugoku and central part of Kyushu. The
latter was regarded as a species of the gen us
EOllrsivil'as Ota by Ota ( 1964), but Ota (1964)
little contrasted the genus EOllrsil'il'as with
Corblila.
Numerous specimens of the genus Corblila
were collected from the Upper Cretaceous
Himenoura Group in Amakusa-Shimojima
Island, Kyushu (Tashiro, 1976), but for somereasons, they were mostly left undescribed,
except for C. lIshihllkensis Tashiro et Otsuka,
1982 from the uppermost formation of theUpper Himenoura Subgroup.
The genus Nipponicorblila was establishedby Ola (1960) based on the material from the
Mifune Group in Kumamoto Prefecture.
Kozai (1987) poi nted out that the specimens(UMUT MM7841 and 7844) which were treated once by Matsumoto (1938) should be refer'Received July, 15, 1988; revised
accepted December I, 1988

Fossil localities
Loc.1. (=Loc. 17 in Tashiro, 1976) Darkgray sandy shale in the Upper Himenoura
Subgroup, on a coast, about 750 m southeastof Gungaura, Amakusa-cho, Amakusa-gun,
Kumamoto Prefecture (Figure 1-8). Maastrichtian (see Tashiro, 1976).

manuscript

36

873.

Corbllla and Nipponicorbula ji·OI11 Japan

Loc. 2. (=Loc. 016 in ditto) Ditto (Figure
I-B).
Loc.3. (= Loc. 012 in ditto) Dark-grayshale in the Upper Himenoura Subgroup, on
the coast, about 500 m south of Gungaura,
Amakusa-cho, Amakusa-gun, Kumamoto
Prefecture (Figure I-B). Maastrichtian (seeTashiro 1976).
Loc.4. (=Loc.14 in Kozai, 1986) Darkgray sandy shale in the upper part of the
Kawaguchi Formation on the roadside, theoutcrop of Sakayoriue, Toyo-mura, Yatsushiro-gun, Kumamoto Prefecture (Figure 1A). Upper Valanginian to Lower Hauterivian (see Tashiro and Ikeda, 1987).
Loc. 5. (L=Loc. 13 in Kozai, 1986) Darkgray sandy shale in the upper part of the
Kawaguchi Formation on the northeast sideof the River Kumagawa, near Kawaguchi,
Sakamoto-mura, Yatsushiro-gun, Kumamoto
Prefecture (Figure I-C). Ditto.
Loc. 6. Dark-gray shale in the upper part of
the Kawaguchi Formation on the roadsideoutcrop of the Tanoura Tunnel, Tanouracho, Ashikita-gun, Kumamoto Prefecture(Figure I-D). Valanginian to Hauterivian(see Matsumoto ef al., 1982).
Loc. 7. (=Loc. 12 in Kozai, 1986) Siltstone
in the lower part of the Kawaguchi Formation on the coast of Tanoura, Tanoura-cho,Ashikita-gun, Kumamoto Prefecture (FigureI-D). Valanginian to Hauterivian (seeditto ).
Loc. 8. (= Loc. 6 in Kozai, 1987) Finegrained sandstone in the lower formation of
the Mifune Group, exposed on the river side,
about 500 m east of Kitakawauchi, Yabe-cho,Kamimasuki-gun, Kumamoto Prefecture(Figure I-E-I). Cenomanian (see Tamura,
1977, 1979).
Loc.9. (=Loc.8 in Kozai, 1987) Finegrained sandstone in the lower formation of
the Mifune Group, at the roadside outcrop,
about 1.5 km east of Kawauchida, Mifunecho, Kamimasuki-gun, Kumamoto Prefecture(Figure I-E-2). Cenomanian (see dittos).
Loc. 10. (=Loc. 12 in Tamura, 1977, 1979)37

Fi ne-grai ned sandstone in the lower formation of the Mifune Group, at the roadsideoutcrop, about 1.6 km cast of Kawauchida,
Mifune-cho, Kamimasuki-gun, Kumamoto
Prefecture (Figure I-E-2). Cenomanian (seedittos).
Loc. II. (= Loc. Ki7 in dittos) Finegrained sandy shale in the lower formation of
the Mifune Group, at the roadside outcrop,
about I km northeast of Kinosue, Mifunecho, Kamimasuki-gun, Kumamoto Prefecture(Figure I-E-3). Cenomanian (see dittos).
Loc. 12. (=Loc. 31 in dittos) Fine-grainedsandstone in the basal formation of the
Mifune Group at a quarry, about 2 km cast of
Tatsuno, Mifune-cho, Kamimasuki-gun,
Kumamoto Prefecture (Figure I-E-3).
Cenomanian (sec dittos).
Loc. 13. (= Loc. 59, 61, 67, 72 in Hase,
1960) Shimonoseki area. See Hase, 1960, p.
301.

Systematic description
Family Corbulidae Lamarck, 1818
Subfamily Corbulinae Lamarck, 1818
Genus Corbula Bruguiere, 1797
Subgenus Bicorbula Fischer, 1887

Corbula (Bicorbula) pyriforma, sp. nov.
Figures 4-\-\\

Material:
Holotype, KSG-K 133,
internal mould of right valve from loc. 3; 15paratypes; KSG-K 134, KSG-K 136, KSGK 137, from loc.2, and KSG-K 135, KSGK138, KSG-KI39 from loc.3, internalmoulds of right valves; KSG-K 140, KSGK 147, KSG-K 148, from loc. 3 and KSG-K 144- KSG-K 146, from loco 2, internal moulds ofleft valves; KSG-KI41, KSG-KI43, left
valves from loc. 2; KSG-K 142, externalmould of left valve.
Diagnosis: - Medium-sized species ofCorbula characterized by elongated outline,
flne concentric ribs and thin hinge plate.

Takeshi Komi

38

A {~
,

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)

(x~

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.,'
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8-

Kunimidake'-'-"-""-'\

B

,

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.,

~--'

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,

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,,,, .....r

1./ Gungaura; \. Kodakahama~: '...:': x__ XX""./',., .......

1).'

,'

2 3

8

x---

I

Kitakawauchi

' -"

0·-

-YOHKAKUc

Mt. Ha...chiryuzan

~km

.,
(

I'--~

" ~h.Jmoumeki--',",- --'-,---"' ..

.,

-, ,

"

,J

-!.Mizukoshi ,.---_ (Tanoura~mFigure 1.

T atsunoMap'h.
sowingfOSSI'1. Ioca I"Illes.

....,[;12":~..

". ( 'x'.... "..... _\J\-,,'--"'"......

X=fossil locality.

I'<.

... - ...

873.

Corbula and Nipponicorbula from Japan

Description: - Shell medium-sized, moderately inflated, subpyriform in outline, longer than high; right valve a little larger thanleft; test comparatively thin; antero-dorsal
margin weakly concave; anterior margin
semicircular; posterodorsal margin nearlystraight; ventral margin broadly arched;umbo small, a little prominent, slightly
prosogyrate, situated at about mid-length;
posterior carina obscure, extended from umbo
to posterior ventral corner. Surface ornamented with fine concentric ribs; interiorof right valve grooved for reception of margi nof left valve; pallial line indistinctly impressed; cardinal tooth of right valve small, triangular, separated from dorsal margin by ashallow groove; resilifer pit small, triangular, a litlel larger than cardinal tooth, situatedbehind the cardinal tooth, deeply excavated;chondrophore small, having median ridge.
Measurements (in mm): SpecimensL
KSG-K 133. R. in. m.15.6
KSG-KI34. R. in. m.14.4
KSG-K 135. R. in. m.20.0
KSG-K 136. R. in. m.l1.3
KSG-K 138. R. in. m.12.9
KSG-KI39. R. in. m.14.5
KSG-KI40. L. in. m.17.7
KSG-KI41. L.
10.9
KSG-KI42. L. ex. m.ll.4+
KSG-KI43. L.
11.4
KSG-K 144. L. in. m.12.7
KSG-K 145. L. in. m.13.7
KSG-K 146. L. in. m.13.0
KSG-KI47. L. in. m.19.3
KSG-KI48. L. in. m.19.5

H

B

7.6
7.2
10.5
6.1
7.8
8.1
9.3
5.6
7.1
6.4 1.5
6.1
7.9
6.9
10.0
10.3

U H/L U/L
6.9 0.49 0.44
5.8 0.50 0.44
9.3 0.53 0.47
5.8 0.54 0.51
7.0 0.60 0.54
7.9 0.56 0.54
8.4 0.53 0.47
4.6 0.51 0.42
4.1 5.1 0.56 0.44
4.9 0.48 0.39
7.3 0.58 0.53
5.7 0.53 0.44
10.2 0.52 0.53
9.9 0.53 0.51

R.=right valve, L.=lel't valve. in. m.=internal mould.
ex. m. = external mould, L = length. H = height, B =breadth, U = distance from beak to anterior end.

Remarks: Ratio of U/L is 0.47 on anaverage in the right valves and 0.49 in the left.
H/L of the valve is 0.58 on an average in theright valves and 0.54 in the left.
This new species is similar to C. (B.)
ushibukensis Tashiro et Otsuka in hinge structure and surface ornamentation, but differsfrom the latter by elongated outline (Figure2). It is similar to C. (B.) gallica Lamarck,39

from the Eocene of the Paris Basin (Gardner,
1928) in projected chondrophore, but differsfrom the latter in sub-pyriform outline. The
present species is also similar to C. (B.)
idonea Conrad from the Tertiary of the
Maryland (Gardner, 1928) by having subpyriform outline, but the hinge plate of the former
is thinner than that of the latter.

Occurrence

andgeologicalage:-

Abundant at locs. 1,2 and 3. Maastrichtian.

Corbula (Bicorbula) ushibukensis Tashiro et
OtsukaFigures 4-12-22

1976. Corhllia (Caryocorhllia 7) sp.; Tashiro. p. 7374. pI. 12. figs. 1-5.

1982. Corhllia ( Varicorhllla) lIshihllkensis Tashiro et
Otsuka. p. 17-18. pI. 5. figs. 12-14, 19.

Material: The holotype of thisspecies is an internal mould of left valve(KSG 3043) from the uppermost part of theUpper Himenoura Subgroup at Myokengaura,
Amakusa-cho, Amakusa-gun, Kumamoto
Prefecture. Subsequently, numerous specimens were collected from the upper part of
(cMI

H

20

10

10

Figure 2.

20

L(CMI

Diagram showing the relation
betwen length of shell (L) and height (H) of shell.
U: Corhllia (Bicorhllla) ushihllkensis Tashiro et
Otsuka.
P: Corhllia (Bicorhllla) pyriforma, sp. nov.

Takeshi K azai

40

5
8

11

15
16

20

24

21

F igur e 3. 1- 12. Nipponicorhula miji/l1ensis O ta, g um cast or int ern a l mo ul d ( I, KSG - K 206, X 2).
G um cast or extern a l mo ul d s ( 2, KSG - KI 99, x 2; 3, KSG - K I93, x 2 ; 5, KSG - K I92, x l.S, 6, KSG K2 10, X 1. 5; 7, KSG - K229 , x 2.5; 8, KSG - K I94, x 2.S; 9, KSG - K207, x 2; 10, KSG - K20S, x 2; II ,KSG - K200, x 2; 12, KSG - K230, x 3). In te rn a l mou ld (4, KSG - K 197 . x 2). 13- 20. Nipponicorbula
l1Iashikensis Tam ura, g um cas t or in te rn a l mo ul ds ( 13, KSG - K lS I, X 1.5 ; 14, KSG - K 175 , X 1.5). G um
cas t of externa l mo ul ds ( 15, KSG - K 190, X 1.3 ; 16, KSG - K ISS , X 2.5 ; 17, K SG - K 19 1, X 2; 18, KSG K IS3. x 1. 5 ; 19, KSG - K IS5, x 1.5). Intern a l mo ul d (20, KSG - K I7S , x l.S). 21 - 30. Corbula (Eoursivivas) malsul11oloi H ase , inte rna l mo ul d s (21 , KSG - K223 , X 1.2; 23, KSG - K2 14, X 1.2; 26, KSG K22 1, x l .5 ; 30, KSG-K222 , x 2). Gum east of ex terma I mo ul d s (25, KSG - K226, x 2 ; 27, KSG - K220. X
1. 5). Gum east of. interna l mo ul ds (22, KSG - K227 , x 2; 28, KSG - K225, X 12 ; 29, KSG - K2 17, X 1.2).
Ex tern a l mo ul d ( 24, KSG - K2 IS, X 2).

873.

Corbu la and NiiJponicorbu la .from Japan

41

3

6

14

12
16

20

21

18

22

Figure 4. 1- 11. Corbilla ( Bicorbllla ) py ri(orma , sp. nov ., intern a l mou lds ( 1, KSG - K 148 , X 1. 5 ; 2,
KSG - KI 34, X 1.5; 3, KSG - KI 38. X 1. 5 ; 5, KSG - KI 36. X 1.5; 6, KSG - KI 47 , X 1. 5; 8, KSG - KI .5 ; 9,
KSG - KI 45 , X 1.5 ; 10, KSG - KI3 3, X 1. 5 ; 11 , KSG - KI 46, X 1. 5). G um cast o r intern a l mo uld s (4, KSG K1 40, X 1. 5 ; 7, KSG - KI J9, X 1.5) . 12- 22. Corbilla ( Bicorbllla ) IIsh ibllkensis Ta shiro et Otsuk a, intern a lmo ul ds (12, KS G - KI 58, x 1. 5 . 14, KSG - KI 57. x 1. 5; 16, KSG - 162. x l.5; 17, KSG - K I68 , x 2 ; 22,
KSG - KI 59, X l). Ex tern a l mo ul ds ( 13, KSG - KI 65 . X 1. 2 ; 15, KSG - KI 69 , x l .5; 18, KS G - KI 63, X
1. 5 : 19, KGS - KI 60, x l .5 ; 20, KSH - KI 66. x 1. 5 ; 21 , KSG - KI 07, X 2). 23- 25. Corbula (s. l. ) imam urae Hase, ex tern a l mo ul ds (23, IGS H- HA27 4, X 1. 2: 24, IGS H- HA273. X 1.2; 25, IGS H- H272. X 1. 2).

Takeshi Kozai

42

the Upper Himenoura Subgroup (locs. 1,2
and 3).
Description: Shell medium-sized,
moderately inflated, subtrigonal in outline,
more or less longer than high; right valve
larger than left; test thin; anterior dorsal
margin nearly straight; posterior dorsal margin a little longer than anterior, weakly concave; ventral margin broadly arched; umbo
located slightly in front of the mid-length,
slightly prosogyrate; posterior carina distinctly angulated and extended from umbo topostero-ventral corner in young stage of left
valve, and obsolescent in adult; but obscurethroughout growth in right valve. Surface
ornamented with fine concentric ribs, which
are round-topped, regularly spaced; hinge
plate narrow; cardinal tooth of right valve
triangular; resilial pit large, triangular, deeply excavated; chondrophore large, well projected, having median ridge; pallial line notsinuate.
Measurements (in mm) :Specimens
KSG-KI57. R.
KSG-K 158, R.
KSG-KI59, R. in. m.
KSG-KI60, R.
KSG-KI62, R. in. m.
KSG-K 163, R. ex. m.
KSG-KI64, R.
KSG-KI65. L.
KSG-KI66, L.
KSG-K 167, L. in. m.
KSG-K 168, L. in. m.
KSG-K 169, L. ex. m.
KSG-K 170, L. in. m.

L

H

24.3
24.2
17.6
20.9
10.7
8.4
8.0
20.4
11.3
9.0
4.7
13.7
16.9

17.3
20.6
13.2
15.5
8.5
7.3 2.0
6.4
13.3
7.2
6.9
4.2
12.2 3.1
12.7

B

U H/L U/L
12.8 0.71
11.6 0.85
9.1 0.75
9.0 0.74
4.0 0.79
4.3 0.87
3.7 0.80
9.6 0.65
4.8 0.64
4.6 0.75
2.5 0.89
6.5 0.89
7.3 0.75

0.53
0.48
0.51
0.43
0.37
0.51
0.46
0.47
0.42
0.51
0.53
0.47
0.43

Remarks: -Tashiro (1976) reported Corbula (Cw:vocorbula) sp. from the upper formation of the Himenoura Group in Kumamoto Prefecture, and considered that it is
all ied to the species of Eocene genera, such as
Tenuicorbula Olsson, 1932 (Vokes, 1945),
Bicorbula Fischer, 1887 (Vokes, 1945) and
CW:Jlocorbula Gardner, 1926 (Gardner, 1928)
by having a smooth surface and a subequilateral outline.
Tashiro and Otsuka (1982) described Cor-bula (Varicorbula) ushibukensis Tashiro et
Otsuka from the uppermost formation of the
Himenoura Group. Its hinge structure was
not clear and Tashiro and Otsuka regarded it
as a species of Corbula ( Varicorbula) becauseof distinct concentric ribs on the surface ofright valve.
Subsequently, the writer collected many
corbulids specimens from the three localities
reported by Tashiro (1976). The specimensfrom loco I are mostly small and locs. 2 and 3
are larger. The specimens described by Tashiro (1976) were large, but those by Tashiro
and Otsuka (1982) were small. However,both specimens are undoubtedly of identicalspecies, because they have the same type of
hinge structure and surface ornamentation.
The hinge of C. ushibukensis Tashiro et
Otsuka has a large and triangular cardinal
tooth and a chondrophore with a medianridge.
Moreover, the surface of young shell is
ornamented with faint, concentric ribs and an
obscure keel from umbo to postero-ventral
corner but that of the adult is nearly smooth
except for fine and irregular growth lines.
The surface of the subgenus Corbula (Varicorbula) Grant and Gale, 1931 is ornamented
with faint radial ribs and concentric growth
striae in the left valve, but only with concentric ribs in the right valve (Cox et aI, 1969).
The surface of the subgenus Corbula (Bicorbula) Fischer, 1887 is smooth in both valves(Vokes, 1945). J udgi ng from the above
observations, the writer considers it better totransfer this species from the subgenus C.
(Varicorbula) to C. (Bicorbula).
Occurrence and geological age: - Abundant at locs. I, 2 and 3. Maastrichtian.
Subgenus Eoursivivas Ota, 1964
Corubula (Eoursil'il'as) matsumotoi Hase
Figures 3-21-30
COl'blila maislimolOi Hasc, p. 322, pI. 39, figs.
5-21.
1964. EOlil'siJ'il'as malslImolOi (Hasc); Ola, p.1551960.

873.

Corbula and Nipponicorbula from Japan

157, pI. 21, figs. I-II, Text-fig. 4.
1975. EOllrsivil'as malslll1lolOi (Hase); Hayami, p.
146, 175, pI. 10, figs. 7, 8.

Material: The holotype (GK. H6804)
is a specimen of conjoined valves which wascollected from the Kawaguchi Formation at
Sakayoriue, Toyo-mura, Yatsushiro-gun,
Kumamoto Prefecture. Numerous, additional specimens have been collected from the
Kawaguchi Formation (locs. 4, 5, 6 and 7).
Description: Shell medium-sized,
elongate pyriform in outline, longer thanhigh, gradually rostrated to posterior margin;
right valve slightly larger than left; test thi n ;umbo slightly prosogyrate, situated at onethird of shell length from front. Surface
ornamented with concentric ribs which arenarrower than their interspaces but roundedon their top. Area faintly grooved along its
median line; anterior dorsal margin a little
convex; ventral margin broadly arched; posterior dorsal margin more or less concave
near umbo but nearly straight in posterior
half; posterior end subvertically truncated;interior margin of right valve grooved toreceive the left valve; cardinal tooth of left
valve heavy, triangular, but rounded in its
upper part; adductor scars well impressedand elliptical, of which the posterior one
somewhat . larger than the anterior; resilial
pit deep and large; pallial line not sinuate~ ;chondrophore with median ridge, small, thinand triangular.
Measurements (in mm) :Specimens
KSG-K212, R. in. m.
KSG-K213, R. in. m.
KSG-K214, L. in. m.
KSG-K215, L. in. m.
KSG-K216, L. in. m.
KSG-K218, L.
KSG-K219, L. in. m.
KSG-K220, L.ex. m.
KSG-K221, R. in. m.
KSG-K222, R. in. m.
KSG-K223, R. in. m.
KSG-K224, R. in. m.

L

H

15.1
12.1
14.9

8.5
6.6
7.6
5.1
8.4
6.6
5.1
8.8 3.4
7.1
7.4
9.2
8.9

10.2
13.4
11.9
11.5
14.9
14.7
13.5
16.7

15.7

B

U HjL UjL
5.9 0.56 0.39
3.0 0.55 0.25
5.5 0.51 0.37
4.3 0.50 0.42
5.8 0.63 0.43
5.5 0.55 0.46
3.8 0.44 0.33
5.3 0.59 0.23
5.7 0.48 0.39
5.1 0.55 0.38
6.3 0.55 0.38
6.9 0.57 0.44

Remarks : -This species was described by

43

Hase (1960) from the Lower Cretaceous
Kawaguchi Formation at Sakayoriue, Toyomura, Yatsushiro-gun, Kumamoto Prefecture
and Yoshimo Formation at Yoshimo,
Shimonoseki City, Yamaguchi Prefecture.
Ota (1964) divided it into two forms, viz., theY oshimo and Kawaguchi types, and described the Yoshimo type as Pulsidis
nagatoensis Ota. Moreover, he establishedthe genus Euursivivas for the Kawaguchi typeon account of the characteristic features on
the dorsal side of its chondrophore. In thegenus Corbula the chondrophore shows various features. For instance, Corbula (Notocorbula) Iredale, 1930 has a bipartite chondrophore (Vokes, 1945). The chondrophoreof Corbula (Caryocorbula) bears a medianridge. Moreover, the surface ornamentationof the Kawaguchi type is simi lar to that of thegenus Corbula. For the above reasons Eoursivivas Ota, 1964 is regarded as a subgenus of
the genus Corbula.
The present species is similar to Ursirivas
pyriformis (Meek) (Vokes 1945) in the
subpyriform outline, but evidently differsfrom the latter by having a ridge on thechondrophore and an indistinct sinus.
Occurrence and geological age: -Abundant at locs. 4,5,6 and 7. Valanginian toHauterivian.

Corbula (5.1.) imamurae Hase
Figures 4-23-25
1960.

Corbliia (?) imamllrae Hase, p. 324-326, pI. 39,

figs. 2-5.

Material: -Holotype, right valve (IGSHHA 271); paratypes, right valve (lGSH-HA272), left valves (lGSH-HA273 and 274).
These specimens were collected from the
Toyonishi Group of Ohata, Shimonoseki
City, Yamaguchi Prefecture.
Remarks: -This species was described by
Hase (1960) based on four specimens, two left
valves and two right valves, but since then theTakeshi Kozai

44

species has never been studied. The writerwent to the type-locality, but was unable tofind any specimen. Howe\"er, Hase's specimens are kept in Hiroshima University. The
surface of the holotype and one of the paratypes looks smooth, owing to predepositional abrasion, but other two paratypes (i.e. IGSH-HA273 and HA-274) havedistinct concentric ribs which are counted
about 6 per I mm on the central disk. The
hinge is not well preserved, but a specimen(IGSH-HA279) treated by Hase (1960) showsa sharp but small tooth below the beak. The
outline of the shell is elongate pyriform. In
this respect, this specimen is similar to PlIlsidis {ashiroi Kozai, 1986 from the Yunoki
Formation in Yunoki, Kahoku-cho, Kamigun, Kochi Prefecture, but the latter has alarger cardi nal tooth than this species. J udging from its hinge structure this species isundoubtedly referred to the genus Corbula,
but it is dillicult to determine precisely its
subgeneric assignment, because of the obscurity in details of hinge structures.
Occurrence and geological age: - Rare at
loc. 13. Neocomian.
Genus Nipponicorbliia Ota, 1964
Nipponicorbliia mifunensis Ota
Figures 3-1-11

1938. A/oides (Caryocorbu/a) higoensis Matsumoto,p. 14, text-figs. 9a, 9b (noll pI. 2, lig.8).
1964. Nipponicorbu/a mifunensis Ota, p. 158, pI. 21,
figs. 18-27, text-lig. 5.
1964. Pu/sidis okadai Ota, p. 152, pI. 20, ligs. 15-24,
text-fig. 2.
1975. Pu/sidis okadai; Hayami, p. 146.
1975. Nipponicorbu/a mifunensis; Hayami, p. 146,
pI. 10, Ilg. 10.
1977. Pu/sidis okadai; Tamura, p. 140, pI. 10, figs.
7-12.
1977. Nipponicorbu/a mifunensis; Tamura, p.141,
pI. 10, figs. 9-30.

Asanoyabu, Mifune-cho, Kamimasuki-gun,
Kumamoto Prefecture. In addition to it,
numerous specimens in subsequent collections from the Mifune Group are used for therevised description as below.
Description: -Shell medium-sized, moderately inflated, inequilateral, subpyriform inoutline, fairly longer than high; right valve
larger than left; test thin; anterior dorsal
margin nearly straight or slightly arched;
ventral margin gently arched; posterior dorsal margin gently concave; anterior marginrounded; posterior margi n well rostra ted;umbo slightly prosogyrate, situated at about
three-fifths from anterior extremity in left
valve but about a half of shell-length in rightvalve; right valve covered with concentricribs and radial furrows on whole surface ofdisk; left valve covered with concentric ribs
wholly on disk but several radial furrows
only on central part of disk; concentric ribs
wider than their interspaces, round-topped,and gradually crowded from anterior part toposterior; radial furrows narrower than theirinterspaces; internal margin of right valve
grooved as a receptional scar of margi n of left
valve; pallial line indistinctly impressed, notsinuate; cardinal tooth of right valve triangular; serilial pit triangular, deeply excavated;
cardinal socket large; chondrophore triangular.
Measurements (in mm) :Specimens
KSG-KI92, R. ex. m.
KSG-KI93, R. ex. m.
KSG-KI94, R. ex. m.
KSG-KI9S, R. ex. m.
KSG-KI96, R. in. m.
KSG-K 197, R. in. m.
KSG-KI98, R. in. m.
KSG-KI99, L. in. m.
KSG-K200, L. ex. m.
KSG-K2DI, L. ex. m.
KSG-K202, L. ex. m.
KSG-K203, L. ex. m.
KSG-K204, L. in. m.
KSG-K205, L. in. m.

L H B
16.8 12.3 2.D
14.0 X.6 2.6
9.1
5.6 2.1
9.4 5.D 2.0
14.2 H.3
13.2 7.9
7.5 4.4
10.0 7.3
16.6 X.3 3.4
15.1
7.9
9.4 5.8
13.0 8.2
7.0 4.6
9.7 5.7 2.2

U

H/L U/L

7.2 D.73
7.5 0.61
4.5 0.61
4.3 0.53
1.7 0.58
5.7 0.6D
4.3 0.59
5.4 0.73
10.6 D.50
8.4 D.52
6.7 0.62
S.8 0.63
4.0 0.66
5.5 0.59

D.43
0.54
D.55
0.46
0.51
0.43
0.57
0.54
0.64
0.56
0.71
0.68
0.57
0.57

Material: - The holotype is a right valve(GT. M6300l) collected by Ota from thelower formation of the Mifune Group at

Remarks: This species was first described by Ota (1964). It is characterized by873.

Corblila and Nipponicorblila from Japanthe right valve is marked with conspicuously
strong cancellate sculputure wholly on thedisk, but the left is ornamented with concentric ribs and a few slender radial ribs on thecentral part of the disk. About 6 concentricribs are counted per I mm in height near
ventral margin of adult specimens.
However, the collected specimens have suchconsiderable variation in surface ornamentation as seen in Figure 3-6 (smooth surface
specimen) and Figure 3-8 (well preserved
specimen) because they are largely wornout
owing to pre-depositional abrasions. As
pointed out by Tamura (1977), the left valve
occurs rarely, but the left valve of "Plilsidis
okadai Ota, 1964" occurs abundantly fromthe same localities. It suggests from theabove that the wornout specimens of N.
mijunensis have been grouped as Pulsidis
okadai Ota, 1964. As a matter of fact, thespecimen which was regarded as Pulsidis
okadai by Tamura (1977, pI. 10, fig. II) has
observable radial furrows and the specimen of
Ota (1964, pI. 20, fig. 21) shows discernible
radial furrows in the central part of disk.
On the other hand, Ota (1964) stated thatthe surface of P. okadai is only ornamented
with growth-lines, but some specimens of N.
mijunensis which look smooth by abrasion
are very similar to P. okadai. From thisfact, it is concluded that P. okadai is synonymous with N. mijllnensis.
Occurrence and geological age: - Abundant at locs. 8, 9, \0 and II. Cenomanian.

Nipponicorbula l11ashikensis Tamura
Figures 3-13-20

1977. Nipponicorbu/a mashikensis Tamura, p. 141145, pI. 10, figs. 13-18.

Description: - Shell medium-sized, moderately inflated, subtrigonal ovate in outline;
test thin; anterior dorsal margin nearlystraight or slightly concave; posterior dorsal
margin gently concave; anterior margin45

semi-circular; posterior margin a little rostrated; umbo situated at about mid-length ofvalve; surface covered with concentric ribs
and radial furrows on disk; radial furrows
nearly straight from umbo to ventral margin;
internal margin of right valve distinctly
grooved as a receptional scar of margin of left
valve; adductor scars elliptical, moderately
impressed; pallial line indistinctly impressed; cardinal tooth of right valve triangular,
heavy, resilial pit triangular, deeply excavated; cardinal socket large, deeply excavated;chondrophore triangular.
Measurements (in mm) :Specimens
KSG-K 177, L. in. m.
KSG-K I n, R. in. m.
KSG-K 179, L. in. m.
KSG-K 182, R. ex. m.
KSG- K 183, L. ex. m.
KSG-K 185, L. ex. m.
KSG-KI86, R. in. m.
KSG-K 187, R. ex. m.

L H B
11.0 8.0
15.0 8.5
11.5 7.6
17.0 13.4 3.2
15.1 11.0 2.5
11.5 7.9
13.5 8.9
15.5 10.7

U

HjL UjL

5.2 0.73
7.1 0.57
5.0 0.66
9.8 0.79
8.1 0.73
7.0 0.69
8.0 0.66
8.5 0.71

0.47
0.47
0.44
0.73
0.54
0.61
0.59
0.56

Remarks: - This species was establishedby Tamura (1977) based on about 40 specimens from the Mifune Group in Kumamoto
Prefecture. Ratio of HjL is about 0.69 on anaverage in both valves. This species evidently differs from N. mijunensis in its less rostrate posterior part, large HjL, regular concentric ri bs and nearly straight radial furrows.
N. mijunensis was collected in association
with Eomiodon matsubasensis Tamura,
Tetoria mijunensis Tamura and Plerolrigonia(Acanlholrigonia) mashikensis (Tamura et
Tashiro). E. malsubasensis and T.
mijunensis are brackish-water species, and P.
(A.) mashikensis is an element of shallowmarine species. Tamura (1979) reported that
this species was collected with Trigonioides(Kumal11otoa) mijunensis Tamura, Plica 10unio naktongensis Kobayashi and Suzuki,
Crassoslrea japonica Tamura and Teloria
mijunensis Tamura. The assemblage whichcontains Plicatounio and Trigonioides is offresh-water fauna, and Crassoslrea andTetoria are of brackish-water fauna.

Takeshi Kozai

46

This fact suggests that this species tS a
dweller of an environment with lower salinity
than N. mifllnensis.
Occurrence and geological age: - Common at loc. 12. Cenomanian.

Summary of results
1. The corubulid specimens from the Maastrichtian of Amakusa-shimojima, Kumamoto
Prefecture are referred to two species ofCorbula (Bicorbula), and they are rather ofCenozoic type instead of the Cretaceous one.
2. Pulsidis okadai Ota was described on thebasis of specimens with wornout surface ornamentation, and is a synonym of Nipponicorbula mifunensis Ota.
3. Judging from the characteristics of thefaunal assemblage, it is suggested that
Nipponicorubula mashikensis Tamura inhabited the environment of lower salinity than
Nipponicorbula mifllnensis Ota.
Acknowledgments
I wish to express my sincere gratitude toProfessor Masayuki Tashiro of Kochi University, who kindly helped and encouraged me incompleting this study, and to Emeritus Professor Tatsuro Matsumoto of Kyushu University
and Dr. Kiyoshi Okumura of Naruto University of Education for their critical reading themanuscript with encouragement, Mr. Masao
Otsuka of Kogen Junior-high School in
Kumamoto for his friendly help for thisstudy.

their molluscan fossils in west Chugoku andKyusyu. Japan. jour. Sci., Hiroshima Vnil'.,
Ser. C, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 283-338. pis. 1-10.
Hayami, I.. 1975: A systematic sun'ey of the Mesozoic Bivalvia from Japan. Bull. Vnil'. Mus.,
Vnil'. Tokyo, no. 10. p. 1-228. pis. 1-10.
Kozai. T .• 1986: Early Cretaceous Pulsidis (Bivalvia)
from Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeoll!. Soc.
japan, N.S., no. 144. p.479-489. pI. 95.
- - . 1987: Cretaceous Caestocorbula (Bi\'alvia)
from Japan. Ibid., N.S .• no. 148. p.324-334.
figs. 1-4.
Matsumoto. T., 1938: Geology of Gosyonoura
Island. Amakusa. with special reference to theCretaceous stratigraphy (in japanese). with preliminary notes on some of the more importantfl)ssils among the Gosyonoura fauna (in English).
jour. Ceol. Soc. japan. vol. 45. no. 532. p. 1326. pis. 1-2.
- - . Obata. I.. Tashiro. M .• Ohta. Y .• Tamura. M ..
Matsukawa. M. and Tanaka. H .. 1982: Correlation of marine and nonmarine formations in the
Cretaceous of Japan. K aseki (Fossils). no. 31.
p. 1-26. (in japanese with English abstract).
Ota. Y .• 1964: On some Cretaceous corbulids fromJapan. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Vnil'., Ser. D,
Ceol .. vol. 15, no. I. p. 149-16 I. pis. 20-21.
- - COhta, Y.J, 1977: Stratigraphy of the Lower
Cretaceous Kawaguchi Formation in Yatsushiro
area. Kyushu. Japan. Bull. Fukuoka Vnil'.
Educ., vol. 27. part 3. p. 45-61. (in japanese).
Tamura. M .. 1977: Cenomanian bivalves from the
Mifune Group. Japan (Part 2). Mem. Fac.
Educ., Kumamoto VIIiI'. , no. 26. Nal. Sci .• p.
107-144, pis. 1-13.
- - . 1979: Cenomanian bivalves from the Mifune
Group, Japan (Part 3). Ibid., no. 28, Nal. Sci. p.
59-74. pis. 1-3.
Tashiro. M., 1976: Bivalve faunas of the Cretaceous
Himenoura Group in Kyushu. Palaeont. Soc.
japan, Spec. Pap., no. 19, p. 1-102, pis. 1-12.
- - and Ikeda. M., 1987: Creataceous System of the
Yatsushiro Mountains. Res. Rep., Kochi Vnil' ..
vol. 36, Nal. Sci .. p.71-91. (in japanese lI'ith

English abstract).

References cited
Cox. L. R. et al .. 1969: Treatise on invertebrate
paleontology. Pl. N. (2 vols). 952 pp. Geol. Soc.
America and Univ. Kansas.
Gardner, J .• 1928: The molluscan fauna of the Alum
Bluff Group of Florida. V.S. Ceol. SUI"I'.,Prof. Pap., 142-E, p. 185-241, pis. 29-36.
Hase. A .. 1960: The Late Mesozoic formations and- - and Otsuka, M., 1982: Bivalve fossi Is from theUppermost Formation of the Upper Himenoura
Subgroup in Amakusa-Shimojima Island. Kyushu (Part 2). Mem. Fac. Sci., Kochi Vnil' .. Ser.
E, vol. 3, p. 7-22. pis. 3-5.
Vokes. H. E., 1945: Supraspecil1c groups of thepelecypod family Corbulidae. Bull. Amer.
Mus., Na!. His!., vol. 86, arl. I. p. 1-32, pis. 1-4.

873.

Corblila and Nipponicorblila from Japan

47

Amakusa ](,11-, Asagi ijDDIE, Ashikita :FS~t, Fukuda miEB, Gungaura .7"im, Hachiryuzan/\~LlJ, Himcnoura tlC!O)lflj, Kahoku-cho ~~tlllr, Kami-gun ~~1l1), KamimaslIki-gun 1:
1.1!!A\tiI), Kawaguchi Jill=!, Kawauchida Jill;/;] Ell, Kcdainosc T- f\;iWJj, Kesado ~~,¥:, Kinosuc* /Kitakawauchi ~tJIII;/;J, Kiyama *LlJ, Kochi ~~, Kodakahama 'J'~¥A, KlImagawaJ)j(~JII, Kumamoto ~~*, KlInimidakc OOJi!.-ffi, Mifune 1ijrrci, Mizukoshi *~, Ohata"*~III, Ohda *EB, Ropponsugi A4:f~, Sakamoto JR*, Sakayoriue JR '3 ~ 1:, Sakitsu tlffiJi$,
Shimonoscki T-r,*l, Shimollmcki l;-W*, Tanoura EB / im, Tashiro Ellf\:;, TatslIno it!llf,
Toyonishi ~g§, Tsugaminc i$ 7" ~!(l, Yabc-cho ~fffilllJ, Yamaguchi LlJ I=! , Vase /\;fl Yatsushiro /\fl.:;, Yohkaku $fIj, Yllnoki tm /*,*.

B*O)B.i!E~dl't Corbula~, Nipponicorbula ~O)-liIf<JE: ~~*!!jr.R11-:tt!!.JjO)tIC!O)im~ff
ii, I?,i£W L- t.:~*I':'£·"::h '-cfi':fm, Corbula (Bicorbula) pyrijorma ~~:l1. L- t.:o it.: Corbula~, Nipponicorblila J~, Eoursil'i)"{ls ~ c L- -C ~ i -e*~1!r ~ -C \" ~ *-.fB B.i!E*,i£O) 5
fif!~:pJ~M L-, all:ITtcJl\t L- t.:o -to)~, Eoursil'il'as ~ Corbula ~O)i/E~
L-, Corbula (Varicorbula) ushibukensis ~ -t O)T*r:f1ii1\'t;~iI' I? Corbula (Bicorbula) lIshiblikensis
L- t.:o ~ I?
I':' Nipponicorbula mijunensis ~ N. mashikensis c ~1.:.,i£W-t ~ {r.E~~t-t L-, flIijfif!iI:~ '"t.:~~O) ~-e~:j::)~, L--C\"t.:':'~f!!:Il?iI'I':' L-t.:o~g§ Ji\

*"

c

c

c

c

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 153. pp. 4~-54, 3 Figs., April 30, 1989

874.

GEMMULOBORSONIA, A NEW GENUS OF THE FAMILY TURRIDAE(GASTROPODA) FROM THE PLIO-PLEISTOCENECABATUAN FORMATION, NORTHWEST LUZON*TSUGIO SHUTO
Oyo LTO. Fukuoka, 2-21-36 Ijiri, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 816

Abstract. Gellllllllloborsonia, a new genus or the Borsoniinae, Turridae, Neogastropoda is proposed here on the type-species, G./ierslinei. sp. nO\·. from the Plio-Pleistocene
Cabatuan Formation on Tambac and other islands in Tambac Bay, the Bolinao district,
Northwest Luzon. Gemllluloborsonia shows superficial similarity to Kliroshiolllrris Shuto,
1961, of the Turrinae in the shell-prof1le, protoconch, sculpture and anal sinus, but is readily
distinguished from the latter in being provided with a distinct columellar plait. The genus
includes four species from the Upper Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene of the Mediterranean and
Malayan regions.
Key words.

Gemmliloborsonia, Turridae, Cabatuan Formation, Luzon, Philippines

l11uloborsonia.
On the occasion of the description, I would
express my cordial thanks to Dr. E. C. Wilson
who made me access to the material and to
Dr. L. H. Fierstine for his kind informationon the stratigraphy of the Tambac area.

Introduction
I had an opportunity to examine a large
and interesting collection of molluscs collected by L. H. Fierstine and B. J. Welton bycourtesy of E.C. Wilson, Los Angeles County
Museum of Natural History. The collection
consists of 75 species of bivalves, 13 species ofscaphopods and 257 species of gastropods, ofwhich 71 species (20.6 percent) belong to thefamily Turridae. Among the turrids I founda very characteristic species which shows a
Gemmula-like profile, sculpture and analsinus but has a paucispiral protoconch and a
distinct borsonine columellar plait. I recognized a similar feature in Pleuroloma coroniJera Martin, 1879, from the Upper
Miocene of Java. They together with
Rouaullia lapugyensis (Mayer, 1874), and R,
bicoronata Bellardi, 1877, represent a particular group of the Borsoniinae. This group is
separable from any known genera and I
would propose here a new genus, Gem-

Description
Family Turridae Swainson, 1840
Subfamily Borsoniinae Bellardi, 1875
Genus Gem111uloborsonia, gen. nov.
Type-species: Gemmuloborsonia
sp. nov.

jierslinei,

Diagnosis: - Shell moderately small andfusiform with distinctly gemmulate peripheral
cord. Anal sinus deep with subparallel
upper and lower arms and its crest on peripheral cord. Columellar plait blunt and distinct. Protoconch paucispiral, globose andpractically smooth.
Comparison: The present taxon issuperficially similar to Kuroshiolurris Shuto,'Received October, 18, 1988; accepted January 30,
1989
48

874.

Gemmuloborsonia. a new tll/Tid genus

1961, a subgenus of the genus Gemmula
Weinkauff, 1875, in fusiform shell-profile,
gemmulate peri pheral cord, deep anal si n us
and globose paueispiral protoconch. However, the present taxon is essentially different
from Kuroshioturris ~y a blunt but distinct
columellar plait and naturally included in the
Borsoniinae. It must be a member of thegroup of Micantapex Iredale, 1936, and Parabalhyloma Shuto, 1961, sharing a few important features - gemmulate peripheral cord on
which is the crest of deep anal sinus, andglobose paucispiral protoconch. Comparing
with the latter two genera, Geml11uloborsonia
is more fusiform with higher spire and more
contracted and longer base. Furthermore, itis provided with deeper anal sinus and more
distinct columellar plait than the latter.
Bellardi (1877, p.223) proposed a genus,
Rouaullia, for his Section I of Borsonia
Bellardi, 1875, without designation of thetype-species, emphasizing that a sharp carina
at the middle of whorls and a plica on thecolumella are the most characteristic featureof Rouaultia. On that occasion he recorded
three species. The first and second species,
R. sublerebralis (Bellardi in Sismonda 1842),
and R. lapllgyensis (Mayer, 1874), were included in his Section I of Roualillia and thethird species, R. bicoronala (Bellardi, 1875),
comprised his Section 2. According to Bellardi (1875), contracted base is a distinctive
feature of the Section I separati ng from theSection 2 with regularly tapering base.
While R. lapugyensis and R. bicoronala seemto satisfy his definition, R. slIbterebralis suggests a question about its sistematic position
because its columellar plait is obsolete and its
coronated peripheral keel is somewhat upturned.
Cossmann (1896, p.95) designated Plellrotoma sllbterebralis as the type-species of
ROllaultia. He then regarded Roualillia as a
junior synonym of Cochlespira Conrad, 1875,
and included them in the Borsoniinae.
Grant and Gale (1931, p. 571) followed Cossmann (1896). Powell (1942, p.20) once49

pointed out a significant difference of position of the anal sinus of Cochlespira and
ROllaliltia. That is to say, the anal sinus issituated on the shoulder in Cochlespirainstead on the peripheral carina in ROllaliltia.
Later he (1966, pA2) regarded them as synonyms by accepting the subsequent designationof the type of ROllaliltia by Cossmann andrecognizing essential identity between R.
sllbterebralis Bellardi and Cochlespira cristata Conrad of the Turriculinae. I agreewith this treatment. There by the systemetic
position of Rouaultia lapllgyensis and R.
bicoronala is in suspense although they havedistinctive characteristics. Proposal of Gemmliloborsonia for this group of species must
dissolve the problem just mentioned.
Characteristic species and distribution: Gel11l11uloborsonia jierstinei, sp. nov., Uppermost Pliocene to Lower Pleistocene, Northwest Luzon, the Philippines; G. coroni/era(Martin), Upper Miocene of Java, Indonesia;
G. bicoronata (Bellardi), Upper Miocene ofNorth Ital y and G. lapllgyensis (I\tl<!yer),
Upper Miocene of North Italy.

Gel11l11l1loborsonia jierslinei, sp. nov.
Figures 1-1-3,2-1-3

Material: - Holotype, No.6449* fromloc. 5905, almost perfectly preserved except
for the anterior margin of the labrum. Paratype, No. 6450* from loc. 5911, almost perfect
except for a part of the labrum and theextremity of the canal.
Other specimens, No. 6451 * from loc. 5914,
the first volution of the protoconch and anterior margin of the labrum broken off; andNo.6452* and No.6453 from loc. 5918,
protoconchs and canals are partly broken.
Other two imperfect specimens respectively
from loc. 5911 and 5918 are also exami ned.
All the specimens with asterisk were collected by L. H. Fierstine and B. J. Welton andare stored in Los Angeles County Museum of
Natural History.

T5Ugio ShUIO

50

Figure 1. Gellll1luloborsonia jierslinei, sp. nov. 1, apc rtur a l v icw o r th e h o lo ty pc , Rcg. No. 6446 (L os
A ngc lcs Co unt y iVlU SCUIll , NOl l. Hi sl.). 1-1 = 13.4 Illlll ; 2, ap ica l part o r Reg . No. 6453: 3, apcrt ure l v icw orth c sa lllc s pcc illlen as th e prcced in g figurc . H = 13.2 III Ill .

Meas urements.Specimcn

I-!

D

No.
6449*
645()*
645 1*
6452'
6453*( mm )I ]A

D / I-!

( mm )

Bel( mm )( O~ )( "~ )

17.2 +
13.4 +
14.3 +
13.2 +

4.9
6.1
4. 8
5.6
4.8

8.4
10.3
8.6
8.8
7.7

36.6
35.5 35.8 39. 136.3 -

62.7
59.9 64.2 6 1. 5 58.3 -numb.
(proto)w horl s(Ic lco.)( dcg recs)

1.6

7. 1
7+
7.2
7+
74

40.3
42.5
40.2
41.7
4 1.1

I

1+
1.5

A

Bd / I-I

numb . gcm mulcs
I\I pen bod

14
15
13

14
15
14

13

15

19
23
20
20
19

18
25
23
23
20

Shell rath er small , fusiformwith a n a pi ca l a ngle of a bo ut 40 degrees.
Diag nosis : -Protoco nch paucispiral , globose a nd a lm ost
smoo th except o n last o ne-sixth vo luti o nprovided with thin brephi c ax ia l threa ds.
Telcoco nch -who rl s with coa rse ly gemmulate
heavy two cOl'ds. Anal si nu s deep wi th its
apex o n periph era l co rd . (:o lumell ar lip
with a di stinct plait.
DescniJlion .Shell is mode rate ly sma ll ,less th an 18 mm in height , sho rtl y fusiformwith hi gh co nica l spire a nd mode rate ly lo ng
and distinctl y conlracted base. Spire may be
sli ghtl y co no id a l. Apical a ngle is a bo ut 40
deg rees. Protoco nch is globose and pauci spiral co nsistin g of abo ut o ne a nd a ha lfsmoo th vo luti o ns a nd o ne-sixth brephic vo luli o n. The bo und ary betwee n th e pro loco nch874.

Gel1lmuloborsonia, a new lUrrid genus

and teleoconch is clearly indicated by anopisthocyrtly curved ridge, which runs fromsuture to suture.
Teleoconch consists of about seven whorls
in maturity. Whorls are low showing aheight-width ratio of about 1/3, separated
from each other by deeply incised suture, andheavily coronated by two prominent gemmulate cords. On the first whorl the prominent gemmulate peripheral rib appears
together with a microgranulated subsutural
thread, which is far weaker than the peripheral rib. The relative size of the peripheralrib, which is situated somewhat below the
middle, is about two-fifths of the whorlheight. The subsutural thread abruptly
becomes strong; about one-half width of theperipheral one on the third whorl, about
two-thirds on the fifth and almost eq ual to theperipheral one on the sixth. The subsutural
rib is emarginated by one fine thread respec-

Figure 2. Cemmliloborsonia jierstinei, sp. nov.
Holotype, Reg. No.6449 (Los Angeles County
Museum, Nat. Hist.) from loc.5905, the Cabatuan
Formation; 1, apertural view; 2, protoconch andthe first whorl of teleoconch; 3, sculpture on the
body whorl. Unit bars indicate 1 mm, respectively.

51

tively along the upper and lower margins on
the fourth and later whorls. The peripheral
rib has a similar acompanying thread along
its upper margin, which may appear on thethird or fourth whorl. Another thread isdeveloped close to the just mentioned threadon the narrow and deep sulcus between thetwo major ribs on the later whorls.
Body whorl is about three-fifths of thewhorl-height. Its basal contraCtion is distinct. On the basal slope below the peripheral rib are four granulate lirae, of which thelowest one is weaker than the others. Eightother smooth lirae are discernible on thesnout. A secondary thread may be developed in the interspace between the primary
rib and lirae on the basal slope. Aperture iselongately rhomboid with a long, narrow andslightly oblique canal, the end of which istruncated. Parietal callus is discernible but
not thick. Anal sinus is deep with its creston the peripheral cord. Its upper and lower
arms are subparallel near the crest and thendivergingly curved.
Comparison: - The present species looks

Figure 3. 1,2, Gemmliloborsonia coronifera(Martin), Reg. No. St. 7876 (Nat. Mus. Geol. Min.
Leiden) from loco 0 of Junghuhn, West Java. Upper
Miocene. I, body whorl, w=23.3 mm; 2, sculpture on the body whorl; 3,4, Gemmlila (Gemmllla)
imitatrix Martin, Reg No. St. 7851 (Nat. Mus. Geol.
Min. Leiden) from Kemban Sokkoh, West
Progomountain, Middle Java. Lower Miocene. 3,
body whorl, w = 7.1 mm; 4, protoconch.

Tsugio SiJulo

52

like a miniature of Gemmula (Gemmula)congener congener (Smith), but is readily
distinguished from the latter in having apaueispiral globose protoconch and a distinct
columellar plait.
The present species is easily separated from
Gel71mllloborsonia coroniJera (Martin) fromthe Upper Miocene of Java, because the former is provided with equally prominent andgemmulate peripheral and subsutural ribs
instead of gemmulate peripheral and smoothsubsutural ones on the latter. It is also readily distinguished from G. lapllgyensis (Mayer)
and G. bicoronata (Bellardi) from the Upper
Miocene of North Italy by the same reason as
in the foregoing case.
Dislribulion: - Uppermost Pliocene to
Lower Pleistocene of Northwest Luzon, thePhilippines.

Gemmliloborsonia coron((era (Martin)
Figures 3-1-4

1879, PlelirolOma corollifer Martin, Tertiaerschichten
aur Java, p. 6 I. Tab. II, F. 2.
1916, ROllalillia corollifera, Martin, Samml. Geol.
Reichsmlls. Leiden, N.F., Bcl. 2, S. 229 (probably
misprint or ROllallltill)
1964, Gemmllla.( Geml11l1la) miocoronifera Powell,
Indo-Pacific Moll., vol. I. no. 5, p. 254, pI. 194,
figs. I and 2.

Type-specimen: - Reg. No. St. 7876, Nat.
Mus. Geol. Min. Leiden. The typespecimen, came from the Upper Miocene ofloc. a of Junghuhn, west Java, is imperfect
being devoid of apical part and the anterior
portion of the canal.
Descriplion: -The type-specimen is moderately small with measured height of 23.3mm and diameter of 9.9 mm. It shows aquite similar feature to Kliroshiollirris except
for the columellar plait.
It has a prominent, gemmulate peripheral
carina at the middle of each whorl. The
carina is superimposed by two lirae respectively near the upper and lower margins.

Sharp crenulations are vertically elongated toconnect the two lirae of the carina. Infrasutural rib is at some distance from thesuture on the later whorl. It is prominentand smooth and is accompanied by secondary
threads on both upper and lower sides.
Below periphery are five basal ribs, of which
upper two are simply smooth and lower threearc weakly granulate. More than twelve
primary spirals are discernible on the snout.
They are weaker on the more anterior part
than those on the more posterior part.
Secondary and, even, tertiary fine lines areintercalated in the interspaces of the primaries. Aperture is elongately rhomboid
with a long canal. Anal sinus is very deep
with its crest on the peripheral carina andparallel upper and lower arms. A distinct
plait is discernible at the upper part of thecolumellar lip. Protoconch and early part of
the teleoconch are not observed.
Remarks.- Four years after his proposition of PlelirolOma coroniJer, Martin (1883, p.
58-59) emended the spelling of its specificname to coroniJera and added some descriptive remarks. That is to say, he referred tothe protoconch on the basis of a suitablypreserved small specimen from the type locality and farther discussed a variability ofsculpture on the result of examination of several
specimens from Djokdjokarta, Tambak Batu,
Grissee and Ngembak in Java. The figured
specimen (1883, pI. 4, fig. 58) came from
Djokdjokarta. Then in 1916, he recognized
two forms among the specimens from the type
locality. One form is represented by the
figured type of P. coroniJer (1879, pI. II, fig.
2), which is characterized by weak columellar
plait and is referred to Rouaullia. The otheris devoid of a columellar plait and quite
identical to the figured specimen in 1883 (Ioc.
cit.). Martin proposed a new name, PlellrolOnw (Hemiplellroloma) imilalrix, for thelatter form. On that occasion, he illustrated
a specimen (Reg. No. St. 7851, Nat. Mus.
Geol. Min. Leiden) from the Lower Miocene
Kemban Sokkoh of West Progo Mountain,

874.

Gel11l1luloborsonia. a new lurrid genus

East Java (pI. I, fig. 13) instead of specimensfrom loc. O. Although he did not designate
the type specimen, the /lgured specimen in
1916 must be regarded as the type. P.
imilatrix is reasonably referred to Geml11ulaon the basis of the characteristics of bothprotoconch and teteoconch of the type specimen.
Another specimen was described under thename of Pleurotoma coronifera by Boettger(1883, S. 156, Taf. 9, F. 7) on the basis of thespecimen came from the Upper Miocene of
Benkulen, Sumatra. It is, however, devoid ofa columellar plait and quite identical to
Gemmula imitatrix except for smaller shellwith larger pleural angle.
Martin compared his PleurolOl1la coroni/er
with Rouaultia bicoronata (Bellardi) in his
origi nal descri ption. The former, however,is clearly distinguished from the bicoronatedlatter.
Later, Powell (1964, p. 254) stated that thename Pleurotoma coronifer Martin must be
considered as a homonym of Pleurotoma
coronifera Bellardi and proposed a newname, Gel71l1lula miocoronifera for Martin's
species. However, P. coroni/era (= coronifer) actually belongs to Gemmuloborsonia
as already mentioned and its speci/lc name isvalid.
Distribution: - Upper Miocene of Java,
Indonesia.

References
Bellardi, L., I g77: I lIIolluski dei lerreni ler::iarii del
Pielllonle della Liguria. Pt. 2. Gastropoda(Pleurotomidae), p. 1-365,9 pis. Torino.
Boettger, 0., 1883: Die Conchylien der oberen Tcr-

53

tiaersehichten Sumatras in Verbeck, R. D. M .. O.
Boettger und K. von Fristch, Die Tertiaerformation von Sumatra und ihre Thierrcstc.

Palaeon/. v. Nederlansch-Indii/,Verh an deling ,no. 17, p. 1-284, pis. 1-12.
Cossmann, M., 1896: Essais de Pleoconchologie
Comparee. Livr. 2, p. 1-179, pis. I-H. Paris.
Grant U. S. IV, and Gale, H. S., 1931: Catalogue ofthc marine Plioccne and Pleistoccnc Mollusca of
California and adjaccnt regions. Mem. San
Diego Soc. Nal. Hisl. vol. I, p. 1-1036, pis. 1-32.
Ircdalc, T., 1936: Australian molluscan notes -2.
Rec. Auslral. Mus., vol. 19, no. 5, p.277-340.
Martin, K., 1879-1880: Tertiiirschichlen au! Jal'anach den Enldeckungen von Fr. Junghuhn.
126 pp., 24 tabs., Leiden.
- - , ' I H83-1884: Paliiontologischc Ergcbnissc vonTielbohrungen auf Java, ncbst allgcmenincn
SLUdicn libcr das Tertiar von Java, Timor, undeinigen anderer Inseln. Salllml Geol. Reich.I·IIIUS. Leiden, I Ser., Bd. 3, Hcll I, pis. 1-42, pis.
1-3: Hcll 2-3, S. 43-184, pis. 4-9: Hen 4-5. p.
185-305, pis. 10-14, Heft 6, p. 395-381, pI. 15.
- - , 1916-1917: Dic altmiodinc Fauna des West
Progogcbirges auf Java. Ihid., N. F., Bd. 2.
Abt. 7, p. 223-296, pis. 1-5.
Powcll, A. W. B., 1942: Ncw Zcaland Recent andfossil Mollusca of tbe family Turridae. Bull.
Auckland Insl. Mus., no. 2, p. 1-192, pI. 10-14.
- - , 1964: The family Turridae in the Indo-Pacinc.
Part I, The subfamily Turrinae. Indo-Pac(ficMoll., vol. I, no. 5, p. 227-346, pis. 172-262.
- - , 1966: The molluscan families Speightiidae andTurridae. An evaluation of the valid taxa, both
Rccent and fossil, with lists of characteristic
species. Bull. Auckland Ins/. Mus., no. 5, p. 1184, pis. 1-23.
Shu to, T., 1961: Conacean gastropods from theMiyazaki Group. Melli. Fac. Sci., Kyushu
Unil'., Ser. D, Geol., vol. II, no. 2, p. 71-150, pis.
3-10.
Swainson, W., 1840: A Trealise on Malacolog.l'.
419 pp., London.
Weinkauff, H. C. and Kobelt, W., ISg7: Die Familie
Pleurotomidae in Martini und Chemnitz:
SyslemalischenConchylienCahinel.Bd. 4, Teil,3, p. 1-248, pis. 1-42.

Gemmulohorsonia, ~tflLi /1.- '/ /,0) ffHfr- ~!fiTi:it 0) Calatuan J~ itt 0) Turridae H(HSi .@~)0)-!fiT~: Bellardi (1877H:l:m;t;fJiO)mnotJ: L I':' Rouaullia ~ Borsoniinae i!IiHO)~
L-C~~Lt.::o Cossmann (1896H:l:IJR~~0) Rouaullia 3;fiO)tJ:b,0)~)iJtt.oll-c·.:tbQ Pleuro/Oma
suhlerehralis Bellardi ~f&f!i!;t;;fi~:.nrno L t.::o X. Rouaullia I:l: Coch/espira Conrad, 1875,*1!Ut:JtJ:&I:l:tJ:l ,00-cf&~0)~:?:; L. Borsoniinae 1.:.1!li)t.:: o Powell (1966H:l:~0):J2h ,-C'
I:l: Cossmann ~jffl~ L t.::b~. iJli:t'f L -C 1:1: Turriculinae ~:.1!(j/Jt.::o mti~~mx:O)~ IJ O)fl. P.
lapugyensis Mayer
P. corona/a Bellardi -C·l:l:f&~A(lIIr'~AH:l:}i';]~n1Jl:~.:..:tb IJ. !I!ffi~

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c

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Tsugio Sh uto

54~:::.v;J:!Ji'l~tJ:miJ' 1 v::>;ibGIT.>1: P.sublel'ebl'alis cl;J:!Ji'll?iJ'~.:.Jf:tJ:Go F)f~iJ'EiH.:.r¥<.:. c~':'tJ: ,,:>1,:.:.;11. I? 2 ~ c ~JiIT.>**jH:'J!:;;tt.:~iJ' 7 -I V 1::.' /' • 'J Iv /' ~~tg§$1T.> j1 A /~ "/ P ~IT.> Cabatuay ~(J:.$f!UJT-T'€fIlJiit~~CH,:,~g[TG Turridaef4IT.>I'j:l~':'9E~~.tLt,:o .:..tLaGemmulobol'soniajiel'stinei c1fiJ15 L.. -t-.tLa-m~~c V(~~ Gemmulobol'sonia a-m~T
Go -1 /' r~.,;/ i' '7 ~g[ Pleul'otoma cOl'onijel'a Martin ~ *~~.:.~t .tLG o m~~a­*:/.<3~tlT~~J:.RI'j:l~.g[1:;ibGo

.~~~

55

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICALSOCIETY OF JAPAN.......................................... ~1>:.~~ ·1.:.!fM[1f;ft
JfrEJ)j(7IJ~fJE ,/)\.- 'II!H.l\"omfUJ" ...... 'Hllf!£!- • l~frJII~fll*77 U 11Q)'["$)i.£3 ~*;;(, H(Thryonomyidae)f~
1j .......................................... fiiJH-ltf-tf!. N'i't'9,'f}(~

I~ *r5·1Jo/.r'T~iz~:ft· *~:ft/.J; 19894- 2 FJ 3 U -5 Ell':';?:

k:ftm'l • .J?:1'i[lk:FJlJl'¥~ffll-c·~fHlli ~ tLt..:(~JJIJ4l· 264 1',)0A n early Middle Pleistocene murid molar rrom theKobiwako Group, Japan .. ·Kawamura. Y. & lida, K.
i;t6ITJII;iiJ~-fj"/::t@\:ft~(*"-A J- 7 ~ 7·11? /;;(\:.'.............. +(I!.j~.::: • tf:lEf$-tf!· ,[,~ '1'. jUtl.I;Jt:iC
i;t5~~E9~~U7~~:ft.WJlf,.~~·JlIIJ[!t]t!IS·IJQ~

IDiJ(.,!,~*;;( , ~j'E.:I.f~1j....................................................... ··iI$.i't~· .. -f!lS)\.-; 1988 -fp 8 Jj 8 Li-12 IJ )WJlf,¥~rr~

I.Li II !Jil:IMIll-E1Q) ~m:ilt 11 i'"i'·ilWoIf!'(>

Oligocene squalodontid (Cetacea: Mammalia) rrom the
Ashiya Group, Japan ................ · .......... Okazaki, Y.
A'~JliUJL§iMlfQ) il:.':m:ilt~IJ!II.I.:."'?l'~(~Q) 2)~7 ~ 11

H 2 fjlQ)::k.Q):A: ~ ~ I':'"'?l'~ ~ ............... 1j1l'i§®:fffj
tifE~/lilII\Fillf/.J, i? 9'tJ! ~ tL t..:J;El}ffiftb f':'"'? l' ~EIR'RT / 7 ' 7 / ? J- /~Jfh,t..:~tJiYFft tn~~WHrrQ)

m.t!(···· .. ······ .. ················· .. ·····················[lliJIEWIJB:;..................... {j Jl!

11· !IlNililll JEl}ffi f~ E "r: f~j ;(J&J iWJ.~fm:.t:UIIl~llf:f.: B 1i'J;~/.J' i?Q).IlEllf~H':'"'?l'~............................................. *rr)( •• (jf~ fli/~ V *"/~ 7 J-' of- ~ 7(lImn.·!oRe: FI )Q)tl5CI':'"'?l'-C~i$Li./mi*Q)f7U·········· .... ·························~*jj[Z8ehemolOps Q)M1l11,,[:#r.!& UR:e: EI Q)imf~ ...... ::k~Wj~
11~11p~/·~ffp~/Q)."mfi~/~~?A r~~.Q)•• ~.t~.%~J!lJ:~;5A~J![!tjij1fi'.'ii· ~*il1'i~? ~ Q)1i:I!:lf';. t mfJt,R~· .. ·· .... ····· .... ~iRUt~............................................. J::!jffmtiil • .I1Jl:* fclQ)S.Q).:r. T ~ )\.-~r':'"'?l'~ ......... PPi't9l;flj

A 7" -:f J-" /Ostracoda Q) !j::JiRfrllilJ t .~'Elf'; ......... ·· ........ l$i'tfli*

Evolution and geographical distribution of Elaphurus(cervid, mammal) ................................ ·Otsuka, H.

A~.K~~~~L~<.~tS.Q)~M~Q)M.

~.!Jil:~ill.£<PWl~m:~--I:-1?+~{jt~Q)~~ • •7' /7" ?

............................................................ :=:t!{~~J1l!"[: J:Q).~ .......................................... '1ii IE ¥J't

t If';.I.:.OOi" ~ Im~........................................................ ····IMJ* fli
ttltk -fj" / Q) 5H:Ii ....................................... <P ~ "fJuxtaposition or Tethyan and non-Tethyan Mesozoic~.Q)#~~~.*:f.~~.~tL~Q)@~/*.

.............. ·Aita, Y., Sporli, K. B. & Gibson, G. W.

j'4~~ ~ 7 / -f: T -1 J- Q).l'i§:;1"

9't1:. .................................................... "l!fIj'j'j¥~
i~

A

~

~

Li./ p 9tt~f!J;~llf£fl![¥J.lf~E ........ ·i*J~iJ;j\:;tWJ • i't p ~"l~tiiii.@:£B lIIi*cQ)~+tl\.~Mi" ~ fJ!!i'-fl![.dtlt~"'9J[ll*-gQ) I~~ t ftel;j&: ...................................... ·119 IE fcl)(
ft f~E~:Ili:\\1(5t.Q) t..:<IbQ) .... --I: 7 )\.- il!jj(~~J1l!i$; ,.:."'? l' ~............................................ ·Li./Mlf*iJi*· rr~ltiA~~ft~.Q)ltEj3 •.Q)lf,;i~tl\\\'~I.:."'?l'~....................................................... ·····I~~LIii!l.

It.·~t:hj+1 m~r'~ llf£iltr Wl B iIE*CQ) /)j(4i1i't:J¥!;i~·.~.'':'"'?l'radiolarian faunas in melanges, Waipapa Terrane,
North Island, New Zealand
I~JtJj4i1~ tttQ) lfr.~off:fL.'RQ)~~ • • J1l!( 'f,~) "'iiiif*JgS~

flll-E1~llf*~'i'ffi1!\lYt.f~EllfQ)~lIiIJ • • J1l!i't:J.~............ ·.. ·.. ··................ ·/H~./)j(t![!t]t!~· fti: q* J1l!

Twin If,;BJt~~I.:. J: ~ lfr.~offfL.'R Glabralel/a Q)lfffiJlmfi............................................. i\1Ii/)j(~.::: • ~t1'!!. 1$• ~tl\\\'.l\\\'B

nJ;E~Q).~l\\\'~~~Q)l .

........ ·.................... · .............. ·~*ij1f~ • 'Il~~~'t!.'n~.Q)a~l\\\'B-~Q)2.

OO~9't~t*.9't~...................................... ·...... 'Il~jj!B~:J[ • ~j)*ij1f~
Malldarilla(~ffi1. )I':'~~ ~ M.M~

t ~~ ...... ~.

lft:)

Tl'mBiIE*~ti'-I;;J'illf£ Plilophyl/u/ll 1i.&Q)~ltl\\\'BI':'J: ~56
7H1i·······································:;k7--l!i!:~ • *tt~1l)j~tiWiEi l:$!:':LiIl!;%iIE OlOwlIlileS ~1l)P'lfflIm~·············································:;k1Eu;,T • *ft~1l)j~ll,'HiBI~lI!liffi:l1!lJ))l(iJ'I?/!t:±llt-:,;/ '" ~*~i;lll:l&a}jzllX~
I~EM ................................. ·.tJffi fll5¥:':7:~ ~EU(l'nidie//um plyclum(,;/ '" ~ *~.ft~rmWJJl.Ifii\llI'::' "?

B!!I!*i3~~~7:/ -1:- T l' ~ Madagascariles Il)f&}f;~1l)l'-C .. ··.................................................. ·ti':W;j !!l!;lJt~~IZSI·············································lfoJ IH~Jtml~i$.j)jHIUIji~W:l1!lJ))l(Il)Jtl!.1'itl'iBmfJfI.::.~~ ~ l&a,;/ '" ~Endocochliate emhryo model in the Ammonitida...................................................... ···Tanabe. K.
~M~.Il)&~#~~.K~~~~~M• • ~~.

·············································iPilEf\lf1li • it!rb~fwz
f~Jf;~ Loxoconcha u/"{/llouchiellsis ll)~iJJf;f~f-::'''?l '-C............................................................ ~p:frlli:!:• n x;J"¥j\JVl I.::. "?l '-C ····································:tii1lEfUf:~t%1!.::.~~ ~ 7J ;t T { 'Y ? t.dl~Ff~tRtl'ii~ C i"1l)j::fll1>{!J -:/····································<ft-l'JIli$ • jtP',] $**c}jtftERM.*ll)m.~i1 ............ JfLJII!llit§1· Hf&}jzl\l(~j::/ii'i~

If Il) OO~~ J:t ........................... 7}( tlf~lifl N~,;/ '" ~~cloa.ft~l~ri( Vllll/ua echil/a/Us lIf.)ll)ltf.
mJilt· .. ··· .. ·· .... ·· .... ·· .. ······ .. ····· .. ····· .... ···· .. i\f[, IlB;jfr~UI:: Nussellaria (Radiolaria)Il)7t~H.::."?l'-C.. · .. ·· .. ··· .. ·· .... ·· .. ···· .... ····· .... ···· .. · .. ····· .. f/littl;J:.~.J,..
3d'I" ~~II1'II9(:'6{*'I"Il)~ilrl-tJ":/ "'·-1:-f~bf.::."?l'-C............................................. ;If l!i1.IJltX: • tit iR ¥iM,IJ~~Ifl< jij!/XH ~ I) i1EH:l It-:1'IiF.*~ -tJ" :/ ",' {~{i!.::. "?l '-C"~-CIl).~"K~0-C~~~~~:/~A*~-~~.

............................................ ·J:JJI'l'¥m • ~#J!Il~~fu~ T." 7' ~ ~ A····································ItB"1**..M.~W1'lI9(~Ifi.:±lIl)~a~.~1'IIl)-;jfr.~"?

/i!:j:: t:f .fL~ Pararolalia lIippollica (Asano )Il):I1!lJl!i¥JllN~·············································f*lEm~ • ~t1!! /'1"
tm1tiJ'I?~;h~ c l'? !it*-C-Il)/i!:j::t:ffL~Il)Jf;.cj::rrn............................................................ ~tm. /'1"
-1:-? v:/!J .... 7J'1' Globularia flucluala (Sowerhy)ll)1tii
c i"ll)i;j::!ffi.tJ'g!it~···············tJUifJ!lni • tliiIEJJ!:j:.
~*f/Ii/'F? , =>- ~ Elldoxocrillus parrae !.::.5il.I?;h~j!J!:j:.
~-r;;/'H!t!.::.~ ~tm1tEEIl)~l'-··················:;k~fjfj::., Vellericardia" subllippollica( iWJi;jfr tlt. =ft.l'l.)1l) ,£,~,tJ.:lt~·············································Ilfil;$:fil* • If!. IE ill! T
Jilt:!.HJlliJ'l?.J,..t-: Lilllopsis Il),£~c i;~W. ···ti':Ji5~-NII"J It.- ~ v:/,;/( /~ 4'- ~ !J :/)Il) ---: It.- A*c -tJ" :/ :2'I.::..J,..1?;h ~growth hand f.::."?l'-C .. ·············iIW::fI'F- ·/Julii ~? p 7';//';f-Il)Jil(::I!H*-ci"ll)mff!"'{&)II*i3T ·ILi~I¥.fZ
j::1]{{~1'IiJ' I?m~ ~.h ~iWJif,#iW*i1E.1t~ll)m1t ,{!J - : /...................................................... ······'l,¥.rFa*
B.-tJ":/~M.Il).~.c~.ttll)~.-1:-~~.......................................... <ft~ ,?, m.~jij~T
Ilfil ill !IJ ~ilJ 'flf 1'1 19(:'6 {j iF.

*Il) t:f fUa ~ Ifi Ff· ........ f,# lLi!ttr z

l'-C .................................... W~~*· :;ki\*fil7-1- -'£: - It.- ,I},.ggilE:±l1l) l&ai;!t fl::~}jtJHl\flilJf~1'I!.::. "?l'-C.............................. W~~*· ~M'l#ll:' J11J1lj~T
00 yc.,I}, !If< r~li,l},. Yaadill Il) ·*frti............................................ ·lHfl::iE;~ • 1Juif.I!I •JIl!Jt'.,I},Mtili,l},1l) Sphel/oceramus schmidli.. .......................................... ·1Joif.I!I ~"f-' rnfl::iEz
1I1lJt'.,I},!If<Ffil!i,l},.1l) l' / -l! ~ A A I'::' "?l '-C.............................. fUJ't~- • IEfl::iEz ·1Joif.I!I •Arcid-Potamid fauna oi' the Myouza\\'abashi Formation.
Yamagata Prclccture, northeast Japan............ Sato. Y.. Yanagisawa, Y. & Yamamoto. T.
;jfri~}MJ::~:I1!ljJll);jfr1't~;%. Ca(JlPlOgel/a pacifica Dall
1.::."?l'-C .................. 'i1fff~N~· :kfffil:f:' f'l' f.!iJ't
Vicurye//u ~1l)¥H~lM .. ····· .... ·· .... ····· .... ···· .. ·jl11jm*fIl
9';jfrtltll) 7J -/ I-'? ~ T·HI!£~~fLERI.::."?l,-C .. ·ffHff:*,;/ '" ~ *cal&~ Eucynidie//um...................................... ·7k;lfV-0~ • 7}(:fr{ljIitlN~i;!lfE*cll)}jtl&~1l) }f;i~~fWt:;kf/lil'F Site 384 >a: <ft.c..'

Pha Phlung .ltl!.J))l(1l)=1!act:ffL~f~1'IM!.::.
"?l,-C .. ··································l:!JlfJm~· Wl:i:!H~tS!j$(I.::.~~~ "-'::$--:'/L-A;%" Il)Mlt ......... cpttm ____.~* ~~;%b't:'6b't<ft Il) 1Iiii.!E. f~{j···· ....... ·i~J7}(:;ki!f ml
An early Late Oligocene age indicated by diatoms for aprimitive desmostylian mammal Behemotops fr.Hm
eastern Hokkaido. Japan··················Saito. T.. Barron, J.A. & Sakamoto. M.

c L..-C) ................................................ f/liftIJllT? /~ 7J'1' (Pseudocardium sachalinensis (Schrenck))Il):f<JJ
JtIlJe~f'::' "? l '-C ....................................... ,I},;;$: I§)f.
Al1Il/Ol/ya Il)Jf;~~{~f.::."?l'-C ...... 'l!i'f/Ii lit;. rntl::iEz.ltl!.J!Ili¥J~~ c fifI5t{~-C)'Ihel'Oplerol/uchioi(1rM~)
species group >a:!7UC L.. -C - ...... it!!.:fr1WZ· Malz. H.
B!!I!~~~1l;~ 7:/-1:- T l' ~ PO(l'plychoceras Il)~{~!,::,"? l '-C -JJlt1l~f~ c 7fj~~I~-"""""" ...... .!f!. )11 f.!i"1
Evolution of some Late Cretaceous desmoceration ammonoids ...... Hirano, H., Okamoto. T. & Hattori. K.

~.W:l1!l.a~Il)Ma-<fta~§~.ft~~1'I

M~~~*Il)*.~:frIfi~ry.:±l~~7:/-1:-/1'I-'.

~ilJ'flf-Ei'~~Ifi~ ~ v:'l':frlfir$Il)~{~E'IfiUII.::."?l '-C······························f!.:1E0ttf • trlilJl(§T • Iii;;$: IIj::!J l' ~t$ Doi· .. ···· .... · .. · .. ·· .. ···· .... ········ .. ··· .. ·· .. ··· .. · .. ····tl'lrnJm9j.......................... · .................. ~rnu;,tfE· I,t'.T~"157.fj(allli!~N'4~iJlI-LJrnO){jW(fltJ6~£O)A~'i'{.J: I) #IH-t 9"II.- A~7;/ --c / -1 ntll-:"':ll '-C"'~llllm-f- • i§flHOIt
ifWll'I'll!*c 7;/ --c 7 -1 ~ Reesidites minimlls (Hayasaka
et Fukada)O) ;'N.ll'f:(t:l:jl}~lN ..................... .::.l::JL3l*
A gigantic ammonite from Ilobetsu (Hokkaido)···················································Matsumoto. T.
I~ ill! fo~ if ltJl7 ;/ --c 7 -1 ~ : .. Yokoyamaoceras" c .. K it-

l'JilUc 7;/ --c 7 -1 I- Tetragonites O)jf;~~O·(···mEl:l};firjx:~ t 1: ilJlm I~ if {l: Ii ii' 7' ~ ;/ foe::: ~ .!:ldt.{j llf'*...................................................... ······'tz:~1.tY-li'£({t{i b' 0.7,.. t..:;fil )R)ll'IllfO)J-jHJltJ~J:l[···············i!!i[fl~Wl· {jilfflj 5C. t0IU'fJlJ.&1t:. '1',~~jifMjn,t;.
t1i'i~1t{j I-:.J: 94>;1+1 r:pmlll'~~ifJtJlO)3(lIful. .. ····I'6i1fflj~~
IJ 4s:IU5trt9~~ :*c3[h),£cfli'i~7t;{fi············IIlJJJf:liiX~.M_~~K:t;trt9a.0)5t;{ficft~.0).lf¥..~N...................................................... ······ltt~ Ti"ichinites (Neopuzosia)" O)-.I\I.!~f*~-:"':ll'-C............................................................ iltiLllU,'i-.Ill:·············································:<iz:'f~tild.@:l::ffiI8!lli,* ~~~O).lffifJHII c =-f5l:~lft{jtllk~li'ir:pmll-:.7,..0Jt9 7J<tUJi1wifrill£iliJ(-:W)~ L t..:Jt.~-1 'l1I.- C .r{1t-Djlr~0)!!tA!i························~tHJUf=-1'tYl. ~ Jill ,t..: -;IilJft:lnJ1It~GI)~ L l '1.ff.t·········JtH ~#.i~. }llt1lfn~

rW muu: IJlllli • II-t- ~ ~(" II.- A )b' 0 I¥' t±l L t..: ::::tI~ 1!.
Acropyge ~-:"':ll'-C .................. ,j,JR f'i. [i!Ij:JR,$f.!f'l:JmWtr.rIi~~llfii'O) ifI?ilHflftTi ~-: "':ll '-C ·········ltlJff'~1ll1~tlifiJirm~JiJHJO) ElllIj~VtXE=:*Jj[WO) EitllfL!J~ ft-bm

If····················· .................................... ifll f~~ fj; jz:~til!i'@:O)M I~fftli':l'lti*ii' Piceo.\)llol/ O)geQ·············································il9ffi,jJ£. IfljCil:-f!ljz:

IJ *0) Trachyleheris ~ ······························~~.@:T~5l:r"J~O) Krithe( frM1U[.ll)--t0)~t&c 5Nfi-"'7 -1!1fJl:,i¥i1.fO) 'l "AlflliJlii':;1 '~/I.- I- 'l '7 A I- 0)7 /............................................. f,'iJ I*W· iIlffr1i1IZ

B1>:liJjilll'--t: 7' 1 ~ ;/ I- • I- ~ ." 7'f.A:tHJTOI)0) lil(lIX.'RlIf

1*I~~)\l'i*fl!1~J.J'I'O)l/.\\l\l!l!G~:/ 7, I- t1*·········t0/li1llJ.&fE

J.R ...................•.................................... ·IIII).;J ;'f ~)j
B ;f>;IiJjO)M:lif:;1 7 KH-79-3. C-3 rl'O)1f~¥J.J~1f1il:/-:~~ <i5~t1if¥Hfi·········lI\-;tls[~~-T • :lmJiiillME • )..:J~,'i!.',iti
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New members approved at the Council Meeting on February 2, 1989
Kazue Fukasawa

Kazuhiko Ido

Kosho Hanzawa

Hisao Hashimoto'Fe P. Tumanda

Yasuyuki Miyama

Koichiro Tamura

Arata Momohara

Fumio Takahashi

Satoshi Yamakita

Yuri Sato

Kenichi Nakao

Ryuj i Hayasaka

Hirotaka Hamada

Hiromitsu Ito

Satoshi Matsushita

Masamichi Shiozaki

Michiaki Yumoto

Yoshiaki Aita

Keisaku Ishida

Tamiko Ohana

Ryouichi Tabuki

Toshiaki Maruyama

New fellows approved

Seceding members(Ordinary members)
Yukari Arai

Masao Ishida

Yoshinori Kato

Yoshiki Kikuchi

Akira Kujime

Masabumi Gokan

Tsutomu Sato

Masamichi Shibuya

Kaoru N akazato

Hiromi Nomura

Sachiko Mitsui

Tokue Hayashi

Masami Takechi

Azuma lijima

Gunpei Mori

( Fellows)
Nobuo Kobatake

Hidekuni Matsuo(Fereign Members)

I. Keith Rigby

Chia-Ching Wang

Foank H. Kilmer(Patron Members)
Shinnisseki Oil Exploration Co., L TO.
Abudhabi Oil Co., L TO.

Heng Ee Yin

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Transactions and Proceedings of the PalaeontologicalSociety of Japan

April 30, 1989

New Series No. 153

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
870.

Hiroshi Nishi, Satoshi Yokota and Tsunemasa Saito: An Early Cretaceous(early Middle Albian) planktonic foraminiferal fauna from the Hinagu Formation of Northern Kyushu, Japan ....................................... .

871.

Tatsuro Matsumoto: Some inoceramids (Bivalvia) from the Cenomanian(Cretaceous) of Japan -V. A world-wide species Inoceramus pictus Sowerby

from Japan .......................................................... 12872.

SaburoKanno,

Kazutaka

Amano

and

Hiromitsu

Ban: Calyptogena(Calyptogena) pacifica Dall (Bivalvia) from the Neogene System in the Joetsu
district, Niigata Prefecture ............................................ 25873.

Takeshi Kozai: A study of Corbula and Nipponicorbula (Bivalvia) from theCretaceous of Japan .................................................. 36

874.

Tsugio Shuto: Gemmuloborsonia, a new genus of the family Turridae (Gastropoda) from the Plio-Pleistocene Cabatuan Formation, Northwest Luzon .. 48

PROCEEDINGS.......................................................... 55