#217

EV Charging & Infrastructure
Guide

EV

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Birds-eye View

Electric
VehicleExecutive Summary

Following a series of commitments from OEMs to phase out their ICE vehicles in favor of electric vehicles, andwith governments providing a variety of incentives for EV buyers, adoption rates and sales are growing rapidly.
With more consumers, fleets, and service operators switching to EVs, there comes a renewed interest in thebuild-up of EV charging networks.

CPO & Geography Ranking
What’s New?
Analysis

However, as the ecosystem for EV charging infrastructure evolves, it also becomes more complex. Likewise, forOEMs and operators, optimizing the charging network as it evolves at such a rapid pace is an increasingly
complicated challenge. This complexity only develops further when accounting for the variety of charge point
operators involved in EV charging and the growing partnership network that surrounds them. With thiscomplexity and variety present at such an early stage, tracking the ecosystem for EV charging can quickly
become difficult.

CPO Summary Tables
Regional Summary Tables
Ecosystem

This report maps out the current landscape of EV charging infrastructure to track its footprint and highlight its
growth. Taking a deep dive into the ecosystem, the report profiles its key players, identifies their strengths andweaknesses, and understands the business models adopted by them. It similarly works to understand thelevels, complexity, and maturity of EV charging infrastructure across Europe and the U.S.

Future Outlook

RELATED SBD REPORTS
623 – Electric Vehicle Guide

SBD’s EV Guide provides insight into the current
situation for mass-produced passenger and lightcommercial EVs, their features, charging
infrastructure, as well as environmental impact
and policy considerations.

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#217/EV Charging and Infrastructure Guide

Key features & benefits> Defines the Need:
Analyze where thecharging infrastructure
demand is the highest to
help you pinpoint theright location for yourproject.

> Fresh, quality-assured
data: Charging station data is
updated at least quarterly
with manual and automatic
quality assurance toguarantee accuracy.

> Data Driven Insights:
Choose from dozens of
metrics across 1200+
regions in Europe totruly understand the
local market.

> Street-level detail: Pan andzoom to find the exact
location that interests you.
Locate charging deserts so
you can install an oasis!

This research supports

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OPE R ATORS

Simple web-based access with multiple user accounts

INVESTORSAUT OM OT I V E S E R V I CE
AND PR OD UCT PLANNE R S

Simple web-based access withmultiple user accounts

View Excel Data Sheet Sample
EV Charging & Infrastructure Guide
For an in-depth statistical and demographic data by geography, charging
types, network size

>36,000
datapoints

93+ CPOs, 52
Regions

Dashboards,
Ranking, Ecosystem,
and moreEV Charging & Infrastructure Guide

Charge point operators, station distribution, and trend analysis

Contents
217 – EV Charging and Infrastructure Guide - Europe
Introduction ≫Bird’s Eye View of Electrification ≫Executive Summary ≫CPO & Geography Ranking≫What’s New? ≫

4
7
15
20
27

•

Value Chain•

Business elements•

Business approaches•

Responsibilities of EV CI•

Brands collaborations•

Automaker’s charging network•

Pricing strategies•

Energy – based pricing•

EC’s proposed target•

Barriers and solution•

Automakers announcements•

EV Charging announcements

CPO Summary Tables ≫•New Partnerships and acquisitions▪ Understanding Summary Table•

Case Study : Ionity▪ Overall Placements of CPO blocks•

Strong Foothold Charging networks▪ CPO Block 1 – CPO Block 9•

SBD’s EV Tool

▪ Explore

Analysis ≫36

Regional Summary Tables ≫•Scenario of EV CI▪ Understanding Summary Table•

Government's action▪ Regions•

EU Legislation▪ Overall Placements of Regional blocks•

Charge point and Power in country▪ CPO Block 1 – CPO Block 9•400V and 800 V Chargers▪ Explore

Ecosystem ≫104

Future Outlook ≫112

Next Steps ≫117

Appendix ≫121

Contact Us ≫

123

53

66

Total number of pages – 123

Introduction
Key questions answered in this report and chapter overviews

Contact Us

About SBD

Contents
Page

About SBD

Contact Us

Introduction

Introduction
The ecosystem for EV charging infrastructure evolves, and it also becomes more
complex. Likewise, for Automakers and operators, optimizing the charging network as
it evolves at such a rapid pace is an increasingly complicated challenge. This complexity
only develops further when accounting for the variety of charge point operators
involved in EV charging and the growing partnership network that surrounds them.
With this complexity and variety present at such an early stage, tracking the ecosystem
for EV charging can quickly become difficult.

Bird’s Eye View ofElectrification

This report maps out the current landscape of EV charging infrastructure to track its
footprint and highlight its growth. Taking a deep dive into the ecosystem, the reportprofiles its key players, identifies their strengths and weaknesses, and understands thebusiness models adopted by them. It similarly works to understand the levels,
complexity, and maturity of EV charging infrastructure across Europe and the U.S andthe Rest of the world (RoW). SBD’s 217 – EV Charging & Infrastructure Guide
provides data-driven insights into the CPOs and countries/regions/states. The report
looks at FOUR key benefits of EV charging infrastructure for automakers:

Executive
Summary

A high-level summary of the EV charging infrastructure industry
trends across the regions - US, EU and RoW (Argentina, Australia,
Brazil, Canada, Mexico, Taiwan and Thailand)

CPO & Geography
Ranking

Ranking of the CPOs and Regions with their criteria considered interms of AC and DC charging along with the coverage across theregions.

What’s New?

Section focusing on new models launched, notableannouncements, partnerships and acquisitions, and trends in the
EV industry.

Analysis

Introduction to how charging infrastructure is evolving rapidly
with different pillars supporting its growth. Also, how the charging
infrastructure is spread across the region.

Summary Tables

The CPO summary section provides the CPO distribution of power
and points in the region. The Regional Summary section briefs
about the charging infrastructure in each country/state/region.

Ecosystem

Understanding the other player (than CPO and automakers) andtheir contribution to the EV charging infrastructure

Future Outlook

Four OEM personas are considered against drivers and barriers
into the future to understand when EV charging infrastructure
benefits will be truly realized

Brand loyalty

Competitive

Revenuediversification

Regulatorycompliance

SectionContent
An overview of the key findings from SBD’s view of what’s
important in EV industry

What are the key questions answered in this chapter?
•
•
•
•

6

How many charging points are there and what is their geographic distribution
across the EU and US?
What are the different business models that are being adopted by charging
networks?
Which OEMs are investing in proprietary charging networks, where and how?
Which charging providers have the largest networks and how efficiently
distributed are they?

Source Note: This report has data-driven insights about EV charging infrastructure by network
size and capability. The back-end data for the same has been sourced from
Sales volumes for EVs are sourced from EV Volumes.

Next StepsCan SBD help you with any unanswered questions?

6Introduction

We Listened and Invested In Our Report to Align to Your Goals

You Said...
“I sometimes struggle to relate conclusions from research reports
to the Outcomes and KPIs that we are working towards...”“I would like to see what has recently changed within a forecast or
domain to help decide if any changes to strategy need to be made...”“I want to know where we stand ‘head-to-head’ against
the competition on major industry trends….”“I can find it difficult to take actionable next steps on Guides
without assessing the future direction of the industry...”“It would be helpful to identify disruptive companies and startups to keep an eye for partnerships in the future...”We Did...
Added BIRDS-EYE VIEW chapter with a high-level
overview of all our electrification reports.
Enhanced CROSS-REFERENCING with insightsfrom our EV Incentives and legislation and EV Guide
Introduced FUTURE OUTLOOK chapter withmotivations such as brand loyalty, and its
drivers and barriers over time.
More DATA-DRIVEN ANALYSIS through our
Summary Table, Analysis, and Executive
Summary.
Created a SBD CPO & GEOGRAPHY RANKING and an
ECOSYSTEM chapter with offering and partnerships
insights for key non-OEM stakeholders.

“I would like the topics to be more ‘forward looking’ to help with
future planning and take advantage of enabling technologies.”

7
7

Example slides
from the reportBird’s Eye View

EV Charging is just a part of delivering the motivations of Electrification
This Bird’s Eye View chapter gives SBD’sview of the major electrification trends
from our relevant reports ...

EV Guide

EV Charging &Infrastructure Guide

V2G - BiDirectional EV
EnergyManagement
Technologies

EV Legislation andIncentives Guide

EV Battery
Technologies &Ecosystem...in the journey to delivering the nine
key OEM Electrification motivations

Environmental
ImpactRegulatorycompliance

Revenue
Flexibility

Pace &
AgilityConsumer
DemandSimplifying
Complexities

Brand
Loyalty

New Segments& Industries

Staying
Competitive

99

Executive Summary

Key Takeaway 1

EU & USA markets shifting to 800V vehicle architectures

BYD plans to
introduce 800V
architecture
vehicles to the
EU market atsignificantly
lower costs

May 2024:
BYD releases its new
vehicle platform thee-platform 3.0 Evo(Link*)

10* Third-Party Sources

Ford haspatented a MultiVoltage Electrical
Architecture forits nextgenerationelectric vehicles

Mar 2024:
Ford Mach-e has
400V architecture(Link*)

Hyundai Motor
Group has
integrated 800V
technology
across all its
Automakers

By 2026, VW will
launch the
Scalable Systems
Platform
supporting adiverse range ofvehicles fromentry-level
Volkswagens topremium PorschemodelsTesla's new
Cybertruckfeatures 800V
architecture, atechnology thatwill play a keyrole in its future
EV lineup

General Motors is
the leader of800V charging
architectures
among American
automakers

Mar 2024:

May 2024:

Mar 2024:

May 2024:

Available in Hyundai
E-GMP platform
based EVs, Latest
being IONIQ 6(Link*)

Porsche and Audi
offers on selectedmodels(Link1, Link 2)

Available in Tesla
Cybertruck(Link*)

Available in GMC
Hummer EV Pickup,
Hummer EV SUV,
Sierra andChevrolet Silverado
EV(Link1*, Link 2)
10

CPO & Geography Ranking

Geography Ranking Methodology

SBD Geography Ranking of Generation and Performance Score
SBD Geography Rankings help inturning data into actionable advice

SBD Ranking helps readers day-in, dayout with –•••Support in planning activities via an
expert view for the region-wise EV
charging infrastructure coverage
while progressing throughgenerations
The ranking system could also be
used by CPOs themselves tocompare their capabilities against
competitors

Support in infrastructure positioning
analysis for regions by providing
quantified matrices and data forbest-in-class, leading, standard andsub-standard.

1

Primary position of Geography
based upon Generation

The lower value between AC and DC is used as the final
generation for each country or state, and those that do
not meet the Vehicle 1.0 Generation criteria are
excluded from the ranking list.

Relative position within a
Generation is set by performance

The relative position of a region within those of the samegeneration is set by their SBD Score. This is made up of
a combination of many Delight of Performance criteria in
the report.

Scoring
Gen 3.0 CriteriaAC

Avg AC power(Power per
point) (≥) kW

Chargepoints/1000
BEVs (≥)

Chargepoints/1000km
road length (≥)

17.50

130

8

OR
DC

188

20

2

Avg AC power(Power per
point) (≥) kW

Chargepoints/1000
BEVs (≥)

Chargepoints/1000km
road length (≥)

8

70

2

145

10

1

+3

•
•
•
•

More than 10 : Total kW per road length (km)More than 2k : BEV fleet per 100k people
More than 10 : Total kW per BEV
More than 100 : Level 2 - Ultra-fast DC charge
point (P ≥ 350kW)

+2

•
•
•
•

5 - 10 : Total kW per road length (km)1k – 2k : BEV fleet per 100k people
5 - 10 : Total kW per BEV
50 - 100 : Level 2 - Ultra-fast DC charge point(P ≥ 350kW)

+1

•
•
•
•

Less than 5 : Total kW per road length (km)Less than 1k : BEV fleet per 100k people
Less than 5 : Total kW per BEV
Less than 50 : Level 2 - Ultra-fast DC charge
point (P ≥ 350kW)

Gen 2.0 Criteria

AC
OR
DC

11

2

It is perfectly possible for a higher Generation region tohave a lower score than those at the top of the earlier
Generation.
11

Strong Foothold Charging networks

What’s New

Charging network with a strong foothold in Europe
The EV Charging Infrastructure is proliferating by adding new charging points either by expanding across the region or by taking over the smaller operators. The slide highlights the
Top 3 operators of the region by power and shows the growth of the power and points from last 2 years. Also, the Heat map of the respective operator is being shown for an
overview of the presence across Europe.
Tesla is leading the share of the power and points in theregion by 10% and 3%, respectively. Also, its
supercharger network has been open to non-Tesla
EVs, making EV ownership more convenient anddecreasing consumers’ range anxiety.

Ionity is spread across 24 countries in Europe and has
the most DC charge points (in comparison to AC) as canbe seen in the column charts below. Also, elevenautomakers have partnered with the charging operator
for the benefit of EV consumers.

Allego is an operator that has a slightly different
approach as could be seen with the high number of AC
points and contributing to nearly 50% of the power
across the region. In addition, the operator offers
comparatively less pricing for its AC points than DC.

Power

Power

Power

50%
25%

75%
50%
25%

HY1
2023

HY2
2023

HY1
2024

DC

HY2
2022

HY1
2023

HY2
2023

Map Image Source: HY1 2024 SBD's Charging Analysis Platform

HY1
2024

Points

AC

DC

100%

75%

50%
25%
0%

0%
HY2
2022

AC

100%

75%

50%
25%
0%

HY2
2022

HY1
2023

HY2
2023

HY1
2024

AC

DC

100%

HY1
2023

HY2
2023

HY1
2024

AC

DC

100%

75%

50%
25%
0%

HY2
2022

PointsShare by TypeDC

Share by Type

75%

0%

12

AC

100%
Share by Type

Share by Type100%

PointsShare by TypeDC

Share by Type

AC

75%

50%
25%
0%

HY2
2022

HY1
2023

HY2
2023

HY1
2024

HY2
2022

HY1
2023

HY2
2023

12

HY1
2024

Block 1

Regional Summary Tables

Block 1 – High Power capability - High number of charge points
Regional Charging Infrastructure Blocks

Summary

Germany

Number of public charge points
MediumHigh

136,765

Total number of public charge points

AC : 2,118,991 kW

Total public power capability
7,206,144 kW

DC : 5,087,153 kW

MediumLargest CPO operating: Compleo
106,900

Total Number of AC charging points
18%

2%

21,568

Level 2 -Medium
Fast

Total Number of DC charging points
6%

7%

DC Charge Point••

Germany has the largest electric vehicle fleet
overall (including BEVs and PHEVs, steadily
growing over the past few years (2020-2024
YTD). This also translates into a widely spread
opportunity for EV charging infrastructure.
Germany has the second highest number ofcharging points (after Netherlands). However, it
leads in terms of power capability owing to ahigher number of DC charging points (>5X of
Netherlands)
The number of AC chargers are nearly four times
DC
13 and more than 90% of the DC chargers areeither fast or ultra-fast, with the latter dominating
the DC market.

Level 1 - Ultra-fast
Level 2 - Ultra-fast

58%

29,865

Slow

Fast

29%

Key Highlights•

Slow
Level 1 -Medium

2%

AC Charge Point

78%
Low

Public power capability

High

Low

EU Countries Index

BEVs in fleet (2023)
483k
351k

BEV & PHEV
registrations growth
YOY (2020–2024)

191k
200k

545k

360k

174k

322k

54k

29k
2020

2021

2022

BEV

2023

PHEV

2024
(Till April)

Source: SBD's EV CAP Platform supported by data from Eco-Movement
13

Block 1

Regional Summary Table

Block 1 – High Power capability - High number of charge points
Regional Charging Infrastructure Blocks

Summary

California

Number of public charge points
MediumHigh

52,814AC :304,069 kW

DC :2,077,061 kW

Total number of public charge points
Total public power capability
2,381,130 kW

MediumLargest CPO operating: ChargePoint
41,391

Total Number of AC charging points
0.1%

AC Charge Point

15.0%

0.04%

Slow
Level 1 - Medium
Level 2 - Medium

84.8% Fast
Low

Public power capability

High

Low

US States Index

Key Highlights•

California has the most developed EV market in
the US and the only one with more than 50K
charging points. The power capability in California
increased by more than 20%.

•

The AC charging network consists of ~85%
slow chargers while the rest is mostly medium
and just 18 Fast AC charge points. DC network has
a decent mix of Level 1 ultra-fast and fast
chargers.

11,423

Total Number of DC charging points
8%1%

DC Charge Point

Slow

Fast

29%

Level 1 - Ultra-fast
Level 2 - Ultra-fast

62%

903,620

BEVs in fleet (2022)

379k

•

California reported growth in BEV registrations
despite a high base while the PHEV numbers
14 seen a relatively slower growth since
have
2020.

BEV & PHEV
registrations growth
YOY (2019–2023)

167k
101k
44k

2019

268k

93k

53k

28k

2020

2021

BEV

44k

2022

59k

2023

PHEV
Source: SBD's EV CAP Platform supported by data from Eco-Movement
14What the Excel
Version Contains

Excel Database Includes

European Countries Covered:30+#217/EV Charging and Infrastructure Guide

US States Covered:

Excel Tabs:

50

6

Excel Database Includes

European Countries Covered:30+#217/EV Charging and Infrastructure Guide

US States Covered:

Excel Tabs:

50

6

Excel Database Includes

European Countries Covered:30+#217/EV Charging and Infrastructure Guide

US States Covered:

Excel Tabs:

50

6

Excel Database Includes

European Countries Covered:30+#217/EV Charging and Infrastructure Guide

US States Covered:

Excel Tabs:

50

6

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