www.iafor.org/about/partners

IAFOR Global Partners

University of Belgrade

IAFOR has entered into a number of strategic partnerships with universities across the world to form
the IAFOR Global Partnership Programme. These academic partnerships support and nurture IAFOR’s
goals of educational cooperation without borders, connecting the organisation with institutions thathave an international and internationalising profile, and a commitment to interdisciplinary research.
The IAFOR Global Partnership Programme provides mutual recognition and scope for Global Partner
institutions and organisations to showcase their research strengths, as well as engage in thedevelopment of projects and programmes with IAFOR.
Programme Design by Thaddeus Pope, IAFOR Media/iaforjapan@iafor.official@iafor (#iafor)
www.ecss.iafor.org / www.ecsee.iafor.org

Conference Theme:"Independence & Interdependence"
The technological and logistical advances of globalisation have enabled us to become independentand empowered as never before, but at the same time made us more dependent on the very things
allowing autonomy. While technologies allow us to communicate with those on the other side of
the world, they can also make us detached from those immediately around us, and in some cases
alienated, or lonely. And yet this increased interconnectedness offers great opportunities to work
together to solve some of the world’s most pressing issues, and reminds us of our responsibilities
towards each other. Our independence is contextualised in the relations we enjoy with others; inour families and communities, shared institutions, in our wider societies, geographical and politicalentities, and finally as a part of the one world we all share.
The conference theme for ECSS/ECSE2019 is "Independence & Interdependence", and we hopeand expect this important thematic lens to encourage wide reflections on the importance andinterrelation of such concepts as autonomy and identity, rights and responsibilities, and powerand control; and within a variety of contexts from politics and geopolitics to energy, sustainability
and the environment; and from education, technology and logistics, to culture and language; frompsychology and security, to considerations of equity and justice.
This conference is organised by IAFOR in association with the IAFOR Research Centre at the Osaka
School of International Public Policy (OSIPP) in Osaka University, Japan.

2 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)Organising Committee

Kwame Akyeampong Anne Boddington
University of Sussex, UK

Kingston University, UK

Evangelia Chrysikou

Joseph Haldane

Tom Houghton

Eddie Bruce-Jones

Ljiljana Markovic

James W. McNally

IAFOR, Japan

University of Belgrade, Serbia

Curtin University, Australia

University College London, UK

Birkbeck College School of Law,
University of London, UK

University of Michigan, USA &NACDA Program on Aging

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Letter of Welcome
Dear Colleagues,
Welcome to The International Academic Forum’s 7th European
Conference series in the UK, a sequence of four events in Brightonand London over which some 600 people from more than 50
different countries will come together to share ideas, and search
for the personal, professional and research synergies that drive
new relationships, partnerships, ideas, and knowledge.
The first three smaller events will take place in the diverse,
artistic and cultural hub of Brighton, nestled between the everchanging colours of the sea and the green hills of the South
Downs, and our final and largest event will see IAFOR in thegreat city of London for the first time.
In the global political context, we are witnessing increasing authoritarianism and nationalism,
where othering, dehumanising, and policies of exclusion abound in countries which have until
recently served as more positive models of inclusion. As individual nations struggle to provide
safety and security to their own citizens, identity-based politics thrive, and the internationalrules-based system and supranational organisations such as the UN and EU are facing crisesof legitimacy, and the United Kingdom, with its ongoing Brexit saga has rarely looked so divided.
These conferences offer a timely coming together, underlining the extent to which we are lessindependent than we might sometimes think; whether individuals, communities or nations, we arereliant on those that also share our planet.
For the past ten years, IAFOR has brought people and ideas together in a variety of events andplatforms to promote and celebrate interdisciplinary study, and underline its importance. In the past
twelve months, we have engaged in many cross-sectoral projects, including those with universities(the University of Barcelona, Hofstra University, UCL, University of Belgrade and Moscow State
University), think tanks (the East-West Center, and the Asia Pacific Higher Education ResearchPartnership), as well as projects with the United Nations in New York, and most recently with
the Government of Japan through the Prime Minister’s office. With the IAFOR Research Centre
at the Osaka School of International Public Policy (OSIPP) at Osaka University in Japan, we haveengaged in a number of interdisciplinary initiatives we believe will have an important impact on
domestic and international public policy conversations.
It is through our conferences that we expand our network and partnerships, and I have no doubtthat this venue will offer a remarkable opportunity for the sharing of research and best practices,
for the meeting of people and ideas. I would like to thank our global partners, and particularly
those in the UK (Sussex, Birkbeck, UCL and Lincoln universities), the Organising Committees, fortheir work in the development of the programme, the Featured and Keynote Speakers who will be
sharing their unique insights with us, and each and every one of you, for taking the decision tocome (back) to an IAFOR event.
We have so much to learn from each other, and I expect the resultant professional and personalcollaborations to endure for many years.
I look forward to meeting you all.
Dr Joseph Haldane
Chairman and CEO, IAFOR
P.S. For those of you that are active on social media, please feel free to share your conference
photos and join the conversation on Instagram and Twitter using the hashtag #IAFOR.

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Mayor's Welcome Letter
Dear Delegates,
Welcome to the city of Brighton & Hove, a vibrant and diverse
centre of Arts and Culture.
Ever since the Prince Regent first visited in 1783, Brighton &Hove has been England's most exciting seaside city, and today
it's as vibrant, eccentric and cosmopolitan as ever. Our city has abohemian and artistic atmosphere that can't be found anywhere
else in the UK. We combine the modern with the traditional andthe outlandish with the everyday; tempting and treating visitors
and residents alike with a unique cultural experience.
If you've never visited I urge you to get out and about and make the most of the rich cultural mix –Regency architecture, pleasure pier, specialist shops, pavement cafés, lively arts and of course theexotic Royal Pavilion. Everything's in walking distance, so take time to explore and enjoy what thecity has to offer.
Our City-by-the-sea has a passion for creativity, a desire to look at things differently, and a friendlinessthat attracts visitors from all over the world.
Whether it’s the sea air that changes your perspective or the lively North Laine that buzzes day andnight, I am sure that Brighton & Hove has got that special something that will inspire.
I wish you every success with your conference and hope you have a long and enjoyable stay.
Councillor Alexandra Phillips
Mayor of the City of Brighton & Hove

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The 11th Asian Conference on Education

ACE2019

October 31 – November 3, 2019 | Toshi Center Hotel, Tokyo, Japan

Join us inCall for Papers: www.ace.iafor.org
Organised by IAFOR in association with the IAFOR Research Centre
at Osaka University and IAFOR’s Global University Partners

Conference
Guide
Directions & Access
Floor Guide
Conference at a Glance
IAFOR Membership
Room Schedule
General Information
Presentation Guide
Lunch & DinnerProfessor Stuart D. B. Picken (1942–2016)
IAFOR Academic Grant & Scholarship Recipients
IAFOR Publications

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Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront, Kings Road, Brighton, BN1 2GS

Directions & Access
By Rail from London

London is the hub of the UK’s rail network and it is easy to travel by train to Brighton from the major
London stations. The fastest direct travelling times from London to Brighton are:•••London Victoria – 56 minutes (direct)
London Bridge – 1 hour 3 minutes (direct)
London St Pancras – 1 hour 33 minutes (direct)

Rail services in the UK are operated by a number of private train operators. The main operators to
Brighton are Southern and First Capital Connect and all trains arrive into Brighton mainline station on
Queens Road. Regular rail connections also serve Hove, which is just a few minutes from Brighton byrail. Central Brighton and Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront are an easy 20-minute walk from Brighton
Station, but, if required, buses and taxis are both available at the front of the station.
If you are travelling from Europe, the Eurostar train arrives at London St Pancras, where there are
direct train connections to Brighton.

By Rail from Gatwick Airport
Trains from Gatwick to Brighton take approximately 30 minutes direct and run regularly. The Gatwick
South rail station is directly linked to Gatwick’s South Terminal and just a few minutes away from
North Terminal via a transit train link.

By Rail from Heathrow Airport
Take the London Underground to London Victoria and then a mainline train to Brighton. Alternatively,
take the Heathrow Express to Paddington and then the London Underground to Victoria and then amainline train to Brighton.

By Coach from Heathrow Airport
National Express is the major coach operator serving Brighton. Most international flights arrive at
Terminal 4 and 5 where a coach departs every hour. Brighton Coach Station is located next to Brighton
Palace Pier and is a two-minute walk from Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront. Further information isavailable on the National Express website (www.nationalexpress.com).
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Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront

Floor Guide

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July 09, 2019

Tuesday Morning at a Glance
09:00-09:30		

Conference Registration & Morning Coffee | Renaissance Foyer

09:30-09:45
			
			
			

Announcements & Welcome Address | Renaissance Hall
Brian Aycock, IAFOR, Japan
Joseph Haldane, IAFOR, Japan
Recognition of IAFOR Scholarship Winners | Renaissance Hall

09:45-10:30
						

Keynote Presentation | Renaissance Hall
Ensuring Equality from the “Low Carbon Dividend”
Tom Houghton, Curtin University, Australia

10:30-11:00		

Coffee Break | Renaissance Foyer

11:00-11:45
			
			
			

Keynote Presentation | Renaissance Hall
Why Do We Protect Refugees?
David James Cantor, School of Advanced Study,
University of London, UK

11:45-12:00

IAFOR Documentary Photography Award | Renaissance Hall

12:00-12:15		

Conference Photograph | Renaissance Hall

12:15-13:30		

Lunch Break | 2F Restaurant

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July 09, 2019

Tuesday Afternoon at a Glance
13:30-15:30

Parallel Session I

15:30-16:00		

Coffee Break | Library Terrace

16:00-17:00

Poster Session | Library Terrace

17:00-18:00

Conference Welcome Reception | Library Terrace

19:15-21:30
Official Conference Dinner (optional extra)			Meet at the Hotel Lobby near the Bartholomew Square (back) 		
			entrance at 18:50

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July 10, 2019

Wednesday at a Glance
09:30-10:00		

Conference Registration & Morning Coffee

10:00-12:00

Parallel Session I

12:00-13:15		

Lunch Break

13:15-14:45

Parallel Session II

14:45-15:00		

Coffee Break

15:00-16:30

Parallel Session III

16:30-16:45

Closing Session | Wordsworth (2F)

12 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)Become an IAFOR Member
IAFOR provides an excellent personal and professional environment for academics and scholarsof all ages and backgrounds to come together and exchange the latest ideas, and inform eachother’s perspectives through their own cultural and disciplinary background and experiences.
We are able to do this thanks to the exceptional network of individuals and institutions aroundthe world who support our work and help shape our exceptional events globally. We emphasise
the nurturing and supporting of young academics from different backgrounds, providing mutualadvice and guidance, and offer more senior academics the chance to forge working relationships
outside of their traditional networks.
In a world where division and strife are underlined and played up in national and local contexts,
and political posturing frequently seeks to ostracise and demonise, IAFOR is committed to working
across cultural and national borders, and to work to bring people together. We believe that mature
human interaction and academic and cultural exchange are essential to offering positive versions of
the future, where cooperation happens with individuals and institutions who share a commitment tobridge divides, to being good global citizens, and to making the world a better place.
By becoming a member, you will become a stakeholder in the IAFOR mission of facilitatinginternational exchange, encouraging intercultural awareness, and promoting interdisciplinary
discussion in the hope and expectation of generating and sharing new knowledge. Join us now
in this growing global organisation, and help make a difference today.
To learn more about IAFOR membership, please visit:www.iafor.org/membership

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16:00-17:00

17:00-18:00

–

–

–

–

–

–

15:30-16:00–

Sustainability

–

–

–

Shelley

13:30-15:30–

Tennyson

Lunch

Plenary Session

Renaissance Hall

12:15-13:30

09:30-12:15

ECSS/ECSEE2019

–

–

–

Social Justice–Wordsworth

Welcome Reception

Poster Session

Coffee Break––

Library Terrace

July 09, 2019

Tuesday Schedule

14 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)–

16:30-16:45–

Education–

15:00-16:30

Economics & Policy

Lunch

Renewable Energy

Break

–

–

Shelley

14:45-15:00

13:15-14:45

12:00-13:15

10:00-12:00

Tennyson

Closing Session

International Relations and Politics

GenderEnvironmental Policy

Wordsworth

July 10, 2019

Wednesday Schedule

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General Information
Registration
You will be able to pick up your registration pack and name card at the Conference Registration
Desk. The Conference Registration Desk and Publications Desk will be situated at the following
locations during the conference:
Tuesday		09:00-12:15		Renaissance Foyer
			13:30-17:00		Library Terrace
Wednesday		09:30-16:30		Library Terrace
If you have any questions or concerns, IAFOR staff and volunteers will happily assist you in any way
they can.

Name Badges
When you check in, you will receive a registration pack, which includes your name badge. Wearing
your badge is required for entrance to the sessions. You must wear your badge at all times during
the conference.

Internet Access
There is free Wi-Fi internet connection at the conference venue. However, this can be unreliable so
we would strongly suggest that you do not rely on a live connection for your presentation.
Instructions on how to connect to the Wi-Fi will be available at the registration desk.

Refreshment Breaks
Complimentary coffee, tea and water will be available during the scheduled coffee breaks at the
Plenary Session on Tuesday morning and on the Library Terrace during the rest of the conference.
Light snacks will be provided once in the morning and once in the afternoon.

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General Information
Printing
For your convenience, we are able to offer a complimentary printing service of up to ten A4 sheets
should you need this. Please ask for assistance with printing and be advised that printing may not
be available at peak times.

Smoking
Smoking is not permitted in the Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront. Please smoke outside of the building
in designated smoking areas.

What to Wear & Bring
Attendees generally wear business casual attire. You may wish to bring a light jacket or sweater as
meeting rooms are air-conditioned and sometimes cool.

Photo/Recording Waiver
Human interaction through networking and dissemination of this knowledge is at the core of what
IAFOR does as an academic research organisation, conference organiser and publisher. As part of
the archiving of the conference event, IAFOR takes photos in and around the conference venue,
and uses the photos to document the event. This also includes the filming of certain sessions.
We consider this documentation important and it provides evidence of our activities to members,
partners and stakeholders all over the world, as well as to current and potential attendees like you.
Some of these photos will therefore appear online and in print, including on social media. The above
are the legitimate interests of the organisation that we assert under the new European Union law on
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Under this legislation, you have an absolute right to opt
out of any photo. We are committed to protecting and respecting your privacy. Read our full privacy
policy – www.iafor.org/about/privacy-policy

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Presentation Guide
Oral & Workshop Presentations
Oral Presentations are normally scheduled in sessions comprising three presentations, lasting 90
minutes in total. In sessions with two Oral Presentations, the session will last 60 minutes, and in thecase of four Oral Presentations, an extended session lasting 120 minutes will be scheduled.
The time in the sessions is to be divided equally between presentations. We recommend that an Oral
Presentation should last 15–20 minutes to include time for question and answers, but should last no
longer than 25 minutes. Any remaining session time may be used for additional discussion.

Equipment
All rooms will be equipped with a MacBook computer pre-installed with PowerPoint and Keynote
and connected to a LCD projector or LCD screen. If you wish, you may directly link your own PC
laptop, although we advise you to use the computer provided by plugging in your USB flash drive. We
recommend that you bring two copies of your presentation in case one fails, and suggest sending
yourself the presentation by email as a third and final precaution.

Session Chairs
Session Chairs are asked to introduce themselves and other speakers (briefly) using the provided
printouts of speaker bios, hand out the provided presentation certificates at the end of the session,
ensure that the session begins and ends on time, and that the time is divided fairly between thepresentations. Each presenter should have no more than 25 minutes in which to present his or her
paper and respond to any questions. The Session Chair is asked to assume this timekeeping role,and to this end yellow and red timekeeping cards are used as a visual cue for presenters, letting
them know when they have five minutes remaining, and when they must stop.
Please follow the order in the programme, and if for any reason a presenter fails to show up, pleasekeep to the original time slots as delegates use the programme to plan their attendance.

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Presentation Guide
Presentation Certificates
Presenters will receive a certificate of presentation from their Session Chair or a member of staff at
the end of their session.

Conference Proceedings
The Conference Proceedings are published on the IAFOR website (papers.iafor.org), and can be
freely accessed as part of IAFOR’s research archive. All authors may have their full paper publishedin the online Conference Proceedings.
Full text submission is due by August 10, 2019 through the online system. The proceedings will be
published on September 10, 2019.

A Polite Request to All ParticipantsParticipants are requested to arrive in a timely fashion for all presentations, whether to their own orto those of other presenters. Presenters are reminded that the time slots should be divided fairly andequally between the number of presentations, and that presentations should not overrun.
Participants should refrain from talking amongst themselves and ensure that mobile phones are
switched off or set to silent mode during presentations.

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Lunch & DinnerIf you registered for the conference lunch, lunch will be provided in the Atrium Restaurant at Jurys Inn
Brighton Waterfront. Situated on the Promenade, with unrivalled views of the famous Brighton Palace
Pier and the sea, the restaurant serves a range of modern British and European dishes prepared bya talented team of chefs. Lunch service includes an unlimited drinks bar (non-alcoholic), coffee
station and dessert table.
Please remember to bring your name badge with you, as this will act as your lunch ticket.

Lunch Times
Lunch is available between the following times:
Tuesday		 12:15-13:30 		
Wednesday		
12:00-13:15 		

Atrium Restaurant, Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront
Atrium Restaurant, Jurys Inn Brighton Waterfront

Conference Dinner
The official Conference Dinner is a ticketed optional event (35 GBP). Please remember to bring yourname tag to the Conference Dinner. Conference Dinner attendees should meet at the Library Terrace(2F) at 18:50 on Tuesday, July 09. The group leaves for the restaurant at 19:00. It takes approximately
10 minutes to walk to the restaurant.
Restaurant name: Donatello
Restaurant address: 1-3, Brighton Place, Brighton, BN1 1HJ

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The Reverend Professor
Stuart D. B. Picken (1942–2016)
The late Reverend Professor Stuart D. B. Picken began his distinguished career in academia asa Rotary Scholar on a research trip to Japan. A native of Scotland who had dedicated himself toreligious studies, he immediately became fascinated by Japanese culture and the practice of Shinto.
He was particularly drawn to the parallels and differences he saw in Western pedagogy comparedto that of the East and began a lifelong mission to bridge the communication and knowledge gap
between the two worlds.
Picken was appointed Professor of Philosophy at the International Christian University (ICU) in
1972. Here he turned his Western theological and philosophical training to comparative religious
and cultural studies of Japan, at a time when the country was emerging from the shadows of theSecond World War.
His groundbreaking and controversial work on suicide in Japan made his name within the country,
but it was his subsequent work on Shinto that influenced the rehabilitation of the religion at a time
when it was dismissed in the West as pagan and primitive, or unjustly caricatured for its wartime
associations.
Whether in his research or teaching, Picken devoted much of his life to increasing understanding
between his adopted country of Japan and the West, and in 2007 he was recognised with the Order of
the Sacred Treasure, an imperial decoration for his pioneering research and outstanding contribution
to the promotion of friendship and mutual understanding between Japan and the United Kingdom.
He also served as the International Adviser to the High Priest of the Tsubaki Grand Shrine, one ofJapan’s largest and oldest shrines.
From 2009 he was the founding Chairman of The International Academic Forum (IAFOR), where he
was highly active in helping nurture and mentor a new generation of academics, and facilitating
better intercultural and international awareness and understanding.
Stuart D. B. Picken was a cherished friend and an inspiration to IAFOR and its community of
supporters. In honour of Professor Picken and his dedication to academia, the ideals of intercultural
understanding and the principles of interdisciplinary study, IAFOR has created the Stuart D. B. Picken
Grant and Scholarship, an award supported by the Stuart D. B. Picken Memorial Fund. Awards are
made to PhD students and early career academics who are in need of funding to complete theirresearch, and whose work demonstrates excellence in the core values of academic rigour, intercultural
sensitivity and interdisciplinarity.
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IAFOR Academic Grant& Scholarship Recipients
Our warmest congratulations go to Amit Kumar, Ama Kissiwah Boateng, Madelyn Pardon and Faiz
Ahamad, who have been selected by the conference Organising Committee to receive grants andscholarships to present their research at ECSS/ECSEE2019.
IAFOR's grants and scholarships programme provides financial support to PhD students and early
career academics, with the aim of helping them pursue research excellence and achieve their academic
goals through interdisciplinary study and interaction. Awards are based on the appropriateness of theeducational opportunity in relation to the applicant's field of study, financial need, and contributions
to their community and to IAFOR's mission of interdisciplinarity. Scholarships are awarded based on
availability of funds from IAFOR and vary with each conference.
Find out more about IAFOR grants and scholarships: www.iafor.org/financial-support

Amit Kumar | Stuart D. B. Picken Grant and Scholarship Recipient
51231 (ECSS)How Equal is Higher Education Participation in India: Evidence From NSSO Data
Amit Kumar, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India
Mr Amit Kumar is a PhD scholar in the field of Economics of Education at Zakir Husain Centre for
Educational Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), India. At present, he is working towards his
PhD which attempts to look at “Financing of Engineering Education and its Labour Market Linkages”.
He submitted his MPhil dissertation at JNU in 2017 which was favorably evaluated by Prof. JBG
Tilak. He completed his Masters of Commerce from Delhi University, India, in 2015 and qualified UGC
National Eligibility Test (NET) for Lectureship in Commerce and Junior Research Fellowship (JRF).
He has worked on an International research project “Assessing and Improving Engineering Education
Program”, conducted by the Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, USA. His researchinterests include Economics of Financing Higher Education, Education Policy and Planning, andApplied Econometrics. He has presented his two research studies at the International Conference
and Summer School in Russia.

Ama Kissiwah Boateng | IAFOR Scholarship Recipient
50938 (ECSEE)
Energy Efficient Buildings: Policy and Practice Landscapes in Ghana
Ama Kissiwah Boateng, National University of Public Service, Hungary
Ama Kissiwah Boateng is a Teaching and Research Assistant in the University of Ghana Business
School, Department of Public Administration and Health Services Management. She graduatedfrom the same university with a Master of Science degree in Climate Change and Sustainable
Development. Prior to that, Ms Boateng completed a Bachelor of Science degree in Real Estatefrom the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, also in Ghana. She also has
a Post-graduate Diploma in Urban Management Tools for Climate Change. Before undertaking
her current job as a research assistant, she worked with the Environmental Protection Agency ofGhana for two years.

22 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)Madelyn Pardon | IAFOR Scholarship Recipient
50050 (ECSEE)
Influencing Sustainability Behaviours from a Social Marketing Perspective
Madelyn Pardon, James Cook University, Australia
Anne Swinbourne, James Cook University, Australia
Connar McShane, James Cook University, Australia
Madelyn Pardon is currently a PhD student at James Cook University in Townsville, Australia.
Madelyn's research focuses on individual attention to, perceptions of and responses toenvironmental threats in the context of water security. The broad aim of Madelyn's researchis to inform environmental threat communication. Madelyn has an undergraduate degree in
Psychology and has a desire to work in health or environmental behavioural research at thecompletion of her degree.

Faiz Ahamad | IAFOR Scholarship Recipient
50463 (ECSS)
Political Ideology and Discrimination in Recruitment Process
Faiz Ahamad, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India
Faiz Ahamad, from Tata Institute of Social Sciences, in India, has been awarded an IAFOR
Scholarship for the work titled ‘Political Ideology and Discrimination in Recruitment Process’.

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www.iafor.org/publications

IAFOR Publications

Introduction
IAFOR’s publications provide a constructive environment for the facilitation of dialogue
between academics at the intersections of nation, culture and discipline. Since 2009, when theorganisation was established, over 20,000 academics have presented their research at IAFOR
conferences – a wealth of ideas have been generated and partnerships formed. Our various
publications, from Conference Proceedings, to peer-reviewed journals, to our online magazine,
provide a permanent record of and a global online platform for this valuable research. All of ourpublications are Open Access, freely available online and free of publishing fees of any kind.
By publishing work with IAFOR, authors enter into an exclusive License Agreement, where they
have copyright but license exclusive rights in their article to IAFOR as the publisher.

Conference Proceedings
As a presenter at an IAFOR conference you are encouraged to submit a final paper to ourConference Proceedings. These online publications are Open Access research repositories, which
act as a permanent record of the research generated at IAFOR conferences. All of our Conference
Proceedings are freely available to read online. Papers should be uploaded through the submission
system before the Final Paper Submission Deadline, which is one month after the end of theconference.

IAFOR Journals
IAFOR publishes several editorially independent, Open Access journals across a variety of disciplines.
They conform to the highest academic standards of international peer review, and are published inaccordance with IAFOR’s commitment to make all of our published materials available online.

How are papers submitted?
Submissions should be original, previously unpublished papers which are not under consideration
for publication in any other journal. All articles are submitted through the submission portal on thejournal website and must conform to the journal submission guidelines.

How does IAFOR ensure academic integrity?
Once appointed by IAFOR’s Publications Committee, the Journal Editor is free to appoint his or her
own editorial team and advisory members, who help to rework and revise papers as appropriate,according to internationally accepted standards. All papers published in the journal have been
subjected to the rigorous and accepted processes of academic peer review. Neither editors nor
members of the editorial team are remunerated for their work.

Where are the journals indexed?
IAFOR Journals are indexed in Scopus, DOAJ, ERIC, MIAR, TROVE, CiteFactor and EBSCO, SHERPA/ROMEO and Google Scholar. DOIs are assigned to each published issue and article via Crossref.
Please note that indexing varies from journal to journal. (continued on the following page).
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What’s the reach?
Each of our journal issues is viewed thousands of times a month and the articles are frequently citedby researchers the world over, largely with thanks to our dedicated marketing efforts. Each issue ispromoted across our social media platforms and to our tailored email marketing lists. On average,
each journal publishes biannually.
Selected IAFOR Journals are available for purchase on Amazon. Search for The International
Academic Forum (IAFOR).

What’s the cost?
IAFOR Journals are Open Access publications, available online completely free of charge andwithout delay or embargo. Authors are not required to pay charges of any sort towards the
publication of IAFOR Journals and neither editors nor members of the editorial boards are
remunerated for their work.

How are IAFOR Journals related to IAFOR Conferences and Conference Proceedings?
IAFOR Journals reflect the interdisciplinary and international nature of our conferences and areorganised thematically. A presenter can choose to publish either in Conference Proceedings or
submit their manuscript to the corresponding IAFOR Journal for review.

Current IAFOR Journal titles include
IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities
IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies
IAFOR Journal of Education (indexed in Scopus)
IAFOR Journal of Language Learning
IAFOR Journal of Media, Communication & Film
IAFOR Journal of Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences

THINK
THINK, The Academic Platform, is IAFOR’s online magazine, publishing the latest in interdisciplinary
research and ideas from some of the world’s foremost academics, many of whom have presented
at IAFOR conferences. Content is varied in both subject and form, with everything from full research
papers to shorter opinion pieces and interviews. THINK gives academics the opportunity to stepoutside of the traditional research publishing status quo – to get creative, explore different disciplines
and to have their ideas heard, shared and discussed by a diverse, global audience.
For more information on THINK please visit www.think.iafor.org
If you would like more information about any of IAFOR’s publications, please contact publications@iafor.org

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iafor.official

Share your conference photos and join the conversation on Instagram
using the hashtag #IAFOR
26 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

Tuesday
July 09
Plenary Session

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Keynote Presentation: Tom Houghton

Ensuring Equality from the “Low Carbon
Dividend”
Tuesday, July 09 | 09:45-10:30 | Renaissance Hall

Climate change has been described as the most pressing issue of the age and research shows thatits effects will be felt unequally across the globe with the poor south more likely to suffer from rising
sea levels and disruption of food production than the richer north. Mitigating actions, especially the
replacement of fossil fuels with alternative forms of energy, could reduce this inequality and thecontinuing fall in the cost of renewables offers the prospect of cheaper energy for all, increasingenergy access and reducing the incidence of energy poverty.
With reference to two recent studies into energy poverty in Western Australia, we show that theadvantages described above are by no means guaranteed. While many are enjoying a “low carbon
dividend” as they switch to more energy efficient appliances and install solar panels, the mostvulnerable in society are often unable to access these benefits, owing to their income status or
housing tenure, and may actually see their energy bills increasing as fossil fuel prices rise andmeasures to price carbon take effect. We explore the effects of decarbonisation and rising energy
costs across different household types and discuss the implications for future policy.

Tom Houghton
Dr Tom Houghton is Director of the MBA (Oil & Gas) at Curtin
Graduate School of Business, Australia, and was previously a
Research Fellow at the University of Strathclyde, UK. His principal
field of research is sustainable energy economics and he has akeen interest in energy for development, having established atraining program in Renewable Energy for Developing Countries
with UNITAR. Dr Houghton is a Visiting Professor at Nagoya
University of Commerce and Business, Japan, where he provides
courses in sustainable energy to MBA students. Before joining
Strathclyde, he spent more than five years in the power industry
and a further eight in the banking sector, latterly as director at the Japanese bank Nomura. With
colleagues in Asia and the United States, he established a consulting company in the renewableenergy sector in 2011. Dr Houghton holds an MEng from Imperial College, UK, an MBA from London
Business School, UK, and a PhD from the University of Strathclyde, UK.
Dr Tom Houghton is the editor of the IAFOR Journal of Sustainability, Energy & the Environment.

28 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

Keynote Presentation: David James Cantor

Why Do We Protect Refugees?
Tuesday, July 09 | 11:00-11:45 | Renaissance Hall

Why do we protect refugees? Is there something about refugees that singles them out for special
attention? Does the refugee condition somehow make them deserving of the distinctive forms ofassistance that they receive? For practitioners, policy-makers, academics, students and concerned
citizens working directly with refugee issues, the ‘specialness’ of refugees is often taken for granted
as self-evident. But this assumption is ever more questioned by others, including high-profile
political figures and movements. Is it true? Are refugees special and, if so, why?
The question of why we protect refugees speaks directly to enquiries into wider currents of human‘independence and interdependence’ that form the theme of this year’s ECSS conference. In his talk,Professor David James Cantor aims to step back from the discussion of policy and technical detailthat often governs debate on refugee protection. Instead, connecting to these broader overarchingthemes, he offers a personal reflection on the more fundamental underlying question of whether
there is a philosophical basis for asserting that there is indeed something ‘special’ about refugeesthat makes them distinctive in the present day and which justifies their protection globally.

David James Cantor
Professor David James Cantor is the founding Director of the
Refugee Law Initiative (RLI) at the School of Advanced Study,
University of London.
Trained originally as a social anthropologist, Professor Cantor
worked as a practitioner in the legal field during the 2000s fororganisations such as the Refugee Legal Centre, a Londonbased public law centre where he litigated refugee and humanrights cases until 2007, and UNHCR. In a consultancy capacity,
he has advised, trained and undertaken research for a range ofgovernments mostly from the global south, as well as numerous
INGOs and northern and southern NGOs. During 2016–2017,
Professor Cantor worked part-time as Senior Advisor to the UNHCR Americas Bureau.
Professor Cantor’s research has a strong legal and policy focus. Current and past topics include: returns
by refugees and IDPs; reparations for displacement; IDP protection during armed conflict and organised
criminal violence; human mobility in disasters linked to natural hazards; refugee law and its relationshipto human rights law, IHL and IDP law. He has a long-standing connection with Latin America, where hehas carried out fieldwork since 1998 in Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Panama, Honduras, Guatemala, El
Salvador, Costa Rica, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay and Mexico. Since completing his PhD in 2010, he
has published five books, two special issues and over 30 journal articles and book chapters.
Whilst running the RLI, Professor Cantor has organised over 100 conferences, workshops and seminars,
founded the International Refugee Law book series (where he remains editor) and the distance-learning
MA in Refugee Protection and Forced Migration Studies. He has led international collaborations andsecured competitive research funding for almost 20 projects as PI or Co-I (including AHRC, ESRC,
GCRF, Leverhulme Trust). He was selected as an ESRC Future Research Leader in 2012 and sits on the
Research Council Peer Review College. In 2017–2018, he won the prestigious Times Higher Education(THE) Award for Research Project of the Year (Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences).
Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | IAFOR.ORG | 29

THINK.IAFOR.ORG
THE ACADEMIC PLATFORM
THINK.IAFOR.ORG is IAFOR’s online magazine, launched in early 2016. THINK
is an ambitious project conceived by academics, for academics, with the following
objectives:
To provide an international, far-reaching platform for the best researchpresented at IAFOR conferences;
To make original, high-quality, thought-provoking multimedia content
freely accessible to a wide readership;
To facilitate the opportunity for academics to step outside of the
traditional research publishing status quo – to get creative, explore
different disciplines and to have their ideas heard, shared and discussed
by a diverse, global academic audience.
Content published on THINK spans a wide variety of disciplines and the format isvaried, encompassing full research papers, long-form journalism, opinion pieces,creative writing, interviews, podcasts, video, photography, artwork and more.
Current contributing authors include leading academics such as Professor Svetlana
Ter-Minasova, Professor A. Robert Lee, Professor Bill Ashcroft and Professor J. A.
A. Stockwin.
Get involved by visiting the website, following us on Facebook and Twitter andsigning up to our e-newsletter.
facebook.com/ThinkIAFOR
twitter.com/ThinkIAFORSUBMIT TO THINKWe are currently accepting submissions for publication in 2019. We welcome
photographs to accompany articles, as well as topical photo-essays.
Submissions should be between 500 and 2,500 words and sent topublications@iafor.org. Please include “THINK submission” in the subject line.

The IAFOR
Documentary
PhotographyAward 2018
Join us as we celebrate the winners of this year's IAFOR Documentary Photography Award – aninternational photography competition that seeks to promote and assist in the professional
development of emerging documentary photographers and photojournalists.

www.iaforphotoaward.org

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Tuesday, July 09 | 11:45-12:00 | Renaissance Hall

IAFOR Documentary Photography Award 2018
Award Winners Screening

The IAFOR Documentary Photography Award was launched by The International Academic Forum (IAFOR)
in 2015 as an international photography award that seeks to promote and assist in the professional
development of emerging documentary photographers and photojournalists. Another important
objective of this contest is to help bridge the divide between the world of practicing photojournalists/
documentary photographers and the world of academic scholars, and create an accessible and exciting
ground for dialogue and discussion at our conference events, and beyond. The award has benefitted
since the outset from the expertise of an outstanding panel of internationally renowned photographers,
including Dr Paul Lowe as the Founding Judge, and Ed Kashi, Simon Roberts, Simon Norfolk, Emma
Bowkett, Monica Allende, Jocelyn Bain Hogg, Maria Teresa Salvati and Ziyah Gafić as Guest Judges.
As an organisation, IAFOR’s mission is to promote international exchange, facilitate interculturalawareness, encourage interdisciplinary discussion, and generate and share new knowledge.
In keeping with this mission, and in appreciation of the great value of photography as a mediumthat can be shared across borders of language, culture and nation, and to influence and inform
our academic work and programmes, the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award was launched
as a competition that would help underline the importance of the organisation’s aims, and would
promote and recognise best practices and excellence. In support of up-and-coming talent, the
IAFOR Documentary Photography Award is free to enter.
Now in its fifth year, the award has already been widely recognised by those in the industry and has
been supported by World Press Photo, British Journal of Photography, Metro Imaging, MediaStorm,
Think Tank Photo, University of the Arts London and RMIT University, among others.
The work of last year's winners will be screened at ECSS/ECSEE2019.
Image by Ezra Acayan | 2018 Grand Prize Winner

32 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

Paul Lowe | Founding Judge
Our Founding Judge, Dr Paul Lowe is a Reader in Documentary
Photography and the Course Leader of the Masters program in
Photojournalism and Documentary Photography at the London
College of Communication, University of the Arts London, UK.
Paul is an award-winning photographer who has been published
in TIME, Newsweek, Life, The Sunday Times Magazine, The
Observer, and The Independent, amongst others. He has covered
breaking news the world over, including the fall of the Berlin Wall,
Nelson Mandela’s release, famine in Africa, the conflict in theformer Yugoslavia, and the destruction of Grozny.
His book, Bosnians, documenting 10 years of the war and post-war situation in Bosnia, was publishedin April 2005 by Saqi books. His research interest focuses on the photography of conflict, and hehas contributed chapters to the books Picturing Atrocity: Photography in Crisis (Reaktion, 2012)
and Photography and Conflict. His most recent books include Photography Masterclass publishedby Thames and Hudson, and Understanding Photojournalism, co-authored with Dr Jenny Good,published by Bloomsbury Academic Press. Paul is an Emeritus Member of VII Photo Agency.

Maria Teresa Salvati | Guest Judge
Maria Teresa is Founder and editor-in-chief at Slideluck Editorial,
which exhibits a selection of the best photographic works andmultimedia presented during Slideluck events worldwide, as well
as works from guest artists.
Maria Teresa conceived and curated the project Born the Same,a selection of ten different works exploring sub-cultures andmicro-stories working as reminders that we are all born the same,
despite cultural, emotional and political conditions. The project
was first presented at Les Rencontres De La Photographie Arles
2017, during La Nuit de l’Année, and is now travelling globally.
She co-edited and co-curated Hungry Still, an exhibition and publication produced and designed bySlideluck London, FORMAT Festival and QUAD, and printed by AKINA Factory. The collective project
showcases twenty-four of the best works that have contributed to the English platform, since its
inception, with a selection of images combined with personal anecdotes and recipes.
Maria Teresa is also a personal branding consultant. She helps photographers find their “spot of
beauty” and vision, advises them on how to build their identity, and helps them communicate via themost appropriate channels (i.e. social media). Now she teaches in Bari, Italy at F.Project School of
Photography and Cinematography, in Rome at Officine Fotografiche, and as a guest lecturer at the
London College of Communication (LCC).

Ziyah Gafić | Guest Judge
Ziyah Gafić is an award winning photojournalist with 19 yearsof experience, focusing on societies in conflict and Muslim
communities across the globe. He covered major news stories
in over 50 countries. His work has appeared in TIME, Le Monde,
The New York Times, GEO, The Sunday Times Magazine, La
Repubblica, The Telegraph Magazine, The New Yorker, among
others. He authored five books including Troubled Islam, Quest
for Identity, and Heartland. His work won a plethora of awards,
including multiple awards at World Press Photo, Visa pourl’image, Arles Rencontres de la photographie and grants from
Magnum Foundation, Getty Images and Prince Claus Fund.
Ziyah is member of VII Photo Agency and a TED Speaker.
Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | IAFOR.ORG | 33

Supporters
The IAFOR Documentary Photography Award is supported by a number of leading institutions, organisations
and publications around the world in its aim to promote and recognise best practice and excellence indocumentary photography and photojournalism. These partnerships are a testament to the high regard inwhich the award is held within the photography industry.
The IAFOR Documentary Photography Award would like to thank the following organisations for their support:

Sponsorship Opportunities
As a key organisation involved with the IAFOR Documentary Photography Award, you will add to theexperience of these emerging professionals while showcasing the authenticity and responsibility of yourbrand. Through social media, product integration, logo placement, potential press coverage, promotion at
the award ceremony and subsequent exhibitions in Japan, Spain, USA and UK, you have the opportunity tohelp bring attention to the work of highly talented photographers.
For information on sponsorship opportunities or becoming a supporter of the IAFOR Documentary
Photography Award, please contact Thaddeus Pope, Creative Director, IAFOR Documentary PhotographyAward (tpope@iafor.org).

34 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

Tuesday
July 09
Parallel Session& Poster Session
Abstracts appear as originally submitted by the author.
Any spelling, grammatical, or typographical errors arethose of the author.

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13:30-15:30 | Shelley (2F)

Tuesday Session I
Sustainability
Session Chair: Camilo Cerro
52204

13:30-14:00 | Shelley (2F)

Peoples’ Engagement With Renewable Technologies – Roadblocks and Triggers
Hamilton Viorel Niculescu, Dublin City University, Ireland

Peoples' Engagement with Renewable Technologies - Roadblocks and Triggers research aims at developing of new insights in relation to
how existing familiar technologies influence peoples' engagement with, and adoption of renewable technologies. The goal is to inform on
potential ways of changing peoples' behaviour and attitude towards adopting more sustainable practices in terms of producing energy
and food, while improving their wellbeing. For the purpose of the study, six automated enclosures were built across different locations in
Dublin, Ireland. Air temperature, humidity, and soil moisture sensors, all connected to an Arduino controller board, are probing conditions
inside each enclosure. Automation features were added – windows, fans, irrigation – in order to try and keep the climate within optimalvalues for growing vegetables. The electricity is provided by photovoltaic solar panels. A custom mobile phone app was developed, so thatparticipants can remotely monitor and interact with the enclosures, via the internet. The study observes grounded theory guidelines, andin order to produce high-quality, reliable results pending data analysis, employs a constructivist approach by resorting on inductive andreflexive methods, as well as on concepts such as "data and methodological triangulation" (Denzin), adoption and diffusion of innovations
theory (Everett). The paper presents initial findings from data gathered throughout the first half of the study duration. The qualitative data
was collected via focus groups and in-depth interviews, while the quantitative data was produced following participants' interactions withthe enclosures via the mobile app. Additional information can be found at http://eyeduinoproject.online/
50053

14:00-14:30 | Shelley (2F)

Redefining Dwelling for the Anthropocene

Camilo Cerro, American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Between 1970 and 2015, the average size of newly constructed homes in the United States, increased by 79%, from a size of 1,500 to 2,687
square feet. This shift has redefined our conception of the family unit and inherently, it has also redefined their habitation needs. With anestimated third of households in the United States, spending more than 30% of their income on housing, it is time for housing design tomove in a different direction. It is the time for a housing revolution, designed to reassess the real habitational needs of the user to provide a
better quality of life designed for the needs of the next decade. The future of dwelling requires homes that can coexist and live in symbiosis
with their environment, develop mechanisms for human interaction and socialization, help the household financially by making the dwelling
more self-sufficient and use technology and space planning to resize the space needed for dwelling in search for a typology designed for the
purpose of right-sizing human inhabitation. These housing typologies will need to be versatile and adaptable, to accommodate the needs ofall types of family unites and the transformations they suffer as they evolve in their spaces for living. In this paper, I will showcase work done
to develop a live/work/farm inhabitation typology in search for proposals to start defining the future of dwelling.
52580

14:30-15:00 | Shelley (2F)The New Ecological Civilisation through Rural Futures
Saurav Malhotra, Balipara Foundation, India
Robin Eastment, Balipara Foundation, India
Rhea Hussain, Balipara Foundation, India
Ranjit Barthakur, Balipara Foundation, India

Rural Futures (RuFu) entails holistic community development, and the creation of Rural Ecosystems through optimisation of Natural
Capital & Assets. Central to Rural Futures is the restoration and management of Wild Habitats across the Eastern Himalayas, which, inturn, strengthens the ‘Natural Capital’ pool of the region. Further to this, promotion of Ecosystem-based services generates alternative
sources of livelihoods in these areas. These depend on the availability of thriving forests and promote the concepts of sustainable
forestry and habitat expansion through mindful use of bamboo, cane, timber & wild food. Part I of this project focuses on using funds forSocio-Economic & Environmental impact to mobilise a community workforce dedicated to restoring degraded habitats through scientificafforestation. This initial economic impetus through the first in a series of ecosystem-related services generates upward socio-economic
mobility and attracts a downstream value chain enhancing social infrastructure services such as healthcare & education. Part II of thisproject would be the extension towards creating a model scenario for rural India, in which, ecosystem generated services provide revenue
and this in combination with enhanced usage of impact funds, we envision to create socially and economically uplifted Rural Futures(RuFu). The concepts of RuFu serve as a benchmark for Multifaceted Community Development and Natural Capital creation throughoptimisation of our rich Natural Assets. We expect this to serve as a blueprint for natural wealth creation the world over.
52323

15:00-15:30 | Shelley (2F)Land Administration and Sustainability in Nigeria: A Rethink?
Nyingi Bonnie, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Land constitutes a very important medium. This is simply because all of humanity dwells on it and depend on it for survival. But one factor
responsible for the misuse of land is misconception. This misconception flows from the value attached to land. Helena Howe argues
that there are two dominant perspectives with regards to land or the value attached to land. These are anthropocentric and ecocentric
approaches. The anthropocentric approach is interest-centred. It centres on who benefits from the land. On the other hand, an ecocentric
approach is centred on relationship with land that entails close ties with land, embodying even spiritual implications. She also argues that
laws, regulations and environmental decisions that flow from it are centred on the benefit that can be derived from land without reference
to its intrinsic value.Land is seen as a commodity not as part of the wider earth community. To ensure good management practices ofland use requires a rethink of the relationship with land so that laws, regulations and environmental decisions that flow from it will reflect
this relationship. This Paper will draw on traditional African conception of land as embodying an ecocentric framework. It will discuss thelegal principle of harmony with nature with practical examples. In traditional African jurisprudence, land was regarded as a deity. It was
not commodified, it was their identity. This changed with modernisation. Laws that do not reflect this connection evidently disconnectswith the people and has been a cause of crises in Nigeria's oil region.

36 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

13:30-15:30 | Wordsworth (2F)

Tuesday Session I
Social JusticeSession Chair: Maxime Jaffré
50463

13:30-14:00 | Wordsworth (2F)

Political Ideology and Discrimination in Recruitment Process
Faiz Ahamad, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India

It has been found that conservatives oppose the hiring and inclusion of outgroups who are ideologically dissimilar such as women and LGBT
etc. whereas liberals do not. A conservative recruiter guesses the suitability of a job seeker by the interactional factor such as gender, caste,religion. Hence the likelihood of discriminatory behaviour toward the women and LGBT job seeker is very high. On the other hand, a liberal
recruiter supports equal participation and hence applies structural mechanism in order to give equal opportunity to each employee. This makes
the diversified job seeker feels comfortable in organization lead by liberals and hence they are more attracted toward it. In this paper, the firststudy, a 2×2×3 factorial experimental design viz. recruiter ideology (conservative and liberals) × job applicants ideology (ideologically similar
and ideologically dissimilar) × jobseeker gender (male, female and other) was conducted to find the impact on job applicants recruitment
chance. 208 recruitment officers from different recruitment agencies and companies were mailed fictitious job seeker’s complete profile
including qualification, name, region, nationalities, gender (male, female or third gender i.e. LGBT). In the second study, 80 job applicantsparticipated in a 2×2 factorial experimental design viz. company head ideology (conservative vs. liberal) × organization reputation (high andlow) was conducted to find the job pursuit intention of women and LGBT job seekers. The result shows that women and LGBT job seekers
are perceived as value violator and hence they are less likely to be hired by a conservative recruiter.
51231

14:00-14:30 | Wordsworth (2F)How Equal is Higher Education Participation in India: Evidence From NSSO Data
Amit Kumar, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India

Using the data available from National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) in 64th and 71st round survey between 2007-08 and 2014-15,
supplemented by other sources, the present paper attempts to examine the growth and inequalities in higher education participation in India.
The paper is primarily concerned with mapping inequalities in higher education participation by various socioeconomic indicators such as
gender, social groups – caste and religion, location – rural and urban, major states, and type of institution – government, private-aided, andprivate-unaided. The analysis is done in two sections. The first section maps the growth of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in termsof numbers and enrolment. Considering two important indicators, namely, Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) and Gross Attendance Ratio (GAR),
the second section examines whether inequalities in higher education participation have increased or declined during 2007-08 and 201415. The findings indicate that there has been a substantial growth in the number of HEIs and enrolment. With respect to the socioeconomic
indicators, the findings reveal a disparity in GAR across religion where Muslim students were least represented and across caste where theparticipation of students belonging to SCs and STs was found to be lower. Though gender revealed not many variations in GAR, significant
rural-urban disparities in participation were observed during the period. With the increasing privatization of higher education it is quite
important to examine the enrolment variations in it, and therefore the findings of this paper provide significant policy implications.
50534

14:30-15:00 | Wordsworth (2F)

Politics of Bordering and the Formation of an Active Local Civil Society: The Case of Jeju Island, South Korea
Minji Gwon, Seoul National University, South Korea

This study argues that experiences of de-bordering and re-bordering between inland and Jeju island has shaped active civil society in
Jeju island by examining historical events and policies implemented in Jeju island. Research questions are as follows: 1) What madeprompt networking of local civil society concerning refugee issue possible in Jeju island? 2) What role does the local civil society play inbordering process? This research understands bordering as process, through which spaces as well as peoples are included or excluded.
Jeju island is the biggest island in Korea located on the south of the Korean peninsula. In 2018, more than 500 Yemenis arrived at Jeju,
where the visa waiver program for foreign tourists has been implemented since 2002, to seek asylum. After the arrival, concerns oversecurity dominated the society and demonstrations were held against acceptance of the refugees. Citizens inland claimed that the alleged
refugees should not reach inland and the Ministry of Justice imposed departure restrictions on Yemeni refugees. They expressed that
Jeju has responsibility for the ‘side effects’ of the visa waiver program, by which it was ‘privileged’. Meanwhile, in Jeju, local civil society
gathered to organize ‘Jeju Committee for Refugee Human Rights’ to deal with refugee issues. Its capability to manage the issue itself
results from the past experiences of continuous bordering of the national government to selectively include or exclude Jeju. Therefore,
analyzing the case of Jeju island will also help understand the influence and strategy of local actors in bordering processes.
52563

15:00-15:30 | Wordsworth (2F)

Multiculturalism and Tolerance in the United Arab Emirates
Maxime Jaffré, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
Elena Raevskikh, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates

The rapid social and economic change of Dubai and the UAE raised new concerns related to multiculturalism and tolerance. The
government’s incentive towards modernization and globalization has attracted numerous foreigners and immigrants. The newly built
major urban infrastructures enhance ethnical and cultural diversity, and create conditions for permanent inter-group contacts between
the UAE national and non-national populations, as well as among different non-national communities. This research project aims
to respond to the following questions: (1) How do the diverse national and non-national populations of Dubai and the UAE perceiveand express the value of tolerance? (2) How does the growth of the UAE cities impact multicultural coexistence, social cohesion andintercultural exchanges? (3) What is the role of public spaces and cultural amenities in promoting peace and mutual respect among
the UAE populations? By delivering an empirically grounded and nuanced research methodology based on qualitative, quantitative andcartographic methods, the present research project aims to provide the UAE academic and political stakeholders with practical insights
and newly collected data on the current state of multiculturalism and tolerance in Dubai and the UAE.

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | IAFOR.ORG | 37

16:00-17:00 | Library Terrace (2F)

Tuesday Poster Session
52403

16:00-17:00 | Library Terrace (2F)The Migration of International Academics and Students to Thailand and Their Experience in Thai Higher Education
Navaporn Sanprasert Snodin, Kasetsart University, Thailand
Tony Young, Newcastle University, United Kingdom

This study examines what attracts foreigners to come to work and study in Thai universities and their perceived experiences.
Interviews were with 49 international people working and studying in Thai universities across different regions, and there were five
follow-up focus group interviews. The findings show that the availability of scholarships, word-of-mouth referrals, and geographicaland cultural proximity to home country appear to be important pull factors that attract international students. A series of interviews
with international students, who were from many different cultures, from both developed and developing countries, yield somesurprising insights including strong research support in some disciplines and that academic life is personalized in Thai universities.
Most international academic staff reported freedom and the pastoral relationship between academics and students, poor assimilation
with local staff, and lack of involvement in management and administration. Their major difficulties were language barriers and visa
complications. The analytical approach adopted was thematic analysis and follows the SRQR standards for reporting qualitative
research. NVivo qualitative data analysis software was used to help organize and analyze the data. Query functions were also used
to explore the data. Regarding impact, this study provides a valuable first approach to the understanding of the international people
experience in Thai higher education, what motivates them to be mobile, what attracts them to Thailand, and what encourages themto stay or leave. These understandings could potentially inform internationalization policies and practices for Thai universities andcontribute to Thailand’s aspiration to become an educational hub in Southeast Asia.
51304

16:00-17:00 | Library Terrace (2F)

Improvement of the Logistics Operations of an Integrated Waste Management Company – Application to a
Real Case in Portugal
José Miguel Soares, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics & Management, Portugal
Fernanda Mendes, GOVCOPP - University of Aveiro, Portugal

One of the strategies of companies today is, instead of directing their investments on expanding the business, focus more on cost
rationalization and business transformation, in order to improve performance and reduce operating costs. In this sense, logistics represents
a key function in improving the operations related to the transportation and storage of materials, always focusing on reducing costs andproviding a superior level of service. In this work, we analyze the functioning of the Portuguese waste management company "Ambitrena- Valorization and Management of Waste, S.A.", with the objective of understanding the operation methods in relation to the logistic
service provided. The service is represented by the decentralization of its parks and lack of effective communication between areas, often
resulting in inefficient services, and therefore we intend to analyze a possible optimization of the management of logistics operations.
A study will be carried out (data collection was performed through unstructured interviews, non-participative direct observation in thecompany's parks, and through consultation and analysis of various written documents) on what could be the new structural configuration(centralized configuration) of the company's logistics service. Finally, we present a proposal for centralization of logistics operations
in order to reduce the cost of cargo transportation, improve the logistics performance of the company, and its customer service. The
centralization of logistics management can positively reduce logistical costs by concentrating information and decision-making in the
Lisbon park, will allow for better coordination and planning, and transversally to reduce inactive vehicle time.
51201

16:00-17:00 | Library Terrace (2F)A Grounded Theory Approach in Unconventional Moped Group
Nicole Hune, University of Houston, United States

To date, research has focused on socialization and interpersonal relationships among traditional groups, but has not yet extensively
studied other types of unconventional group culture. This study explored the experiences of members in an unconventional group: moped
riders. Three individuals participated in one-on-one semi-structured interviews. A grounded theory approach was used to extract recurrent
themes from the interviews. Theoretical categories that developed from the transcripts included: feeling of belongingness, clearing themind and self-expression. Findings suggested connections between acceptance, connection, support, healing, identity and wellbeing. A
theoretical framework emerged from the data that explained the human need to experience belongingness in groups before being able toexperience wellbeing or self-expression. This framework is referred to as Unconventional Group Theory of Belongingness (UGTB). Future
research is suggested for further development of UGTB and for additional research on groups and other clinical implications.
52320

16:00-17:00 | Library Terrace (2F)

Constructing a System of Collecting and Studying Source Material for Culture Studies: Focusing on Westernand Japanese Studies of Chinese Islam and Culture
Tuoheti Alimu, Tohoku University, Japan

Worldwide Chinese Islamic studies are consisted of two schools, “Western” and “Japanese.” I will focus my research “On Western Studyon Chinese Islam” and “Chinese Islam in Japanese Study”. This will be a groundbreaking piece of work in Worldwide academia. Westernstudy on Chinese Islam began in the latter half of the 19th century. With the opening of China, western missionaries, ambassadorsand merchants entered into the inner China region and encountered Chinese Muslim society and culture. About the Japanese study on
Chinese Islam, I have listed four stages of the development. There are representative figures, academic achievements, and different traits
for each stage. My research will give detailed comments, so have a fuller understanding of the development of the studies of Islam andMuslims in China conducted by the Western scholars and by the Japanese scholars, including research orientation, foci, traits, and soon. A unique research project on how Chinese Islam was studied and understood in the West and the Japan since the first encounter
between European Western and Japanese scholars and Chinese Muslim. It also will be a useful reference for the cultural exchange, andthe development of Worldwide scholarship.

38 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

16:00-17:00 | Library Terrace (2F)

Tuesday Poster Session
50998

16:00-17:00 | Library Terrace (2F)Using Social Business to Address Food Waste: A Comparative Approach
Samantha Sandilands, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom

The challenges involved in addressing global food waste require collective action, or interdependence, between all stakeholders insociety including the government, businesses and consumers. The development of co-operative practices, tools and recommendations
allow for such collective action to take place, whereby each stakeholder can act independently, however, some research has found thatformal government-led regulation is often needed to enforce such action before change can occur. Interdependence is therefore aninteresting topic here as overall success depends on action from all involved, yet also requires individuals to act independently to makechanges, particularly with consumers. Social enterprise has the potential to drive societal change, yet time and resources are often
allocated to educational programmes and outreach in order to raise awareness of an issue such as food waste and what can be done toimprove the current situation. Legislation and regulation have the power to enforce certain behaviours on different community groups(e.g. consumers, commercial entities), which should therefore leave more resource available to directly address the issue. By studying
different countries and US states with different legislative and regulatory frameworks surrounding food waste, this research identifies
the structures and strategies which best enable social enterprises to demonstrate effectiveness in the context of the societal issue
they are aiming to address.
52358

16:00-17:00 | Library Terrace (2F)Using Wetland Contracts to Improve Community Based Governance
Lisa Ernoul, Tour du Valat, France

The quantity and functionality of Mediterranean wetlands have reduced by over 50% in the last decades. The causes of these declines
are often related to human interventions and governance deficiencies. We tested the development of participatory wetland contracts in avillage in the south of France to see how the process could help resolve existing threats and difficulties facing the community managed
wetlands. The regulatory framework, site diagnostic and alternative scenarios were used to help local stakeholders create a shared visionthat would serve as an umbrella for a collective action plan. The shared vision and action plan increased the stewardship in the wetlands
and reduced the conflicts related to water management in the site, setting the path to a more sustainable management of the wetlands.
Wetland contracts can be a useful tool for wetland management, but the methodology and the process must be adapted according to thesite-specific conditions of each site.
51121

16:00-17:00 | Library Terrace (2F)The Quality in the Separation of Rigid Packaging of High-density Polyethylene – Application to a Real Casein Portugal
José Miguel Soares, ISEG - Universidade de Lisboa, and ADVANCE/CSG, Portugal
Fernanda Mendes, GOVCOPP - University of Aveiro, Portugal

In recent years, companies producing high-density polyethylene have been affected by huge reductions in sales volumes as well as thevalue of these same sales. The PFAU-PMP collects and treats different types of plastics that, due to their physic-chemical characteristics,
can be recycled, valued, and subsequently reintegrated into the value chain (for example, high and low density polyethylene, polypropylene
and polycarbonate). PFAU’s Portuguese office had the necessity to improve the quality of 4000 tons of high-density polyethylene, currently
packaged in bales. To do it the company felt the need to proceed with a correct sorting solution, taking into account that the Portuguese
recycler involved in this project (for reasons of confidentiality will be called Company ABC) has some legal obligations with producttreatment, and also that some value must be added to the final product. The objectives of this research are to study how to proceed to thecorrect separation of the packages, through product quality criteria, and to define which of the processes, mechanical or chemical, is themost correct for the treatment of 4000 tons of polyethylene. Based on this study, it is concluded that it is possible to improve the qualityof the final product by introducing a pre-automatic manual sorting carpet, allowing correct color separation, removal of contaminants andidentification of the polyethylene. Finally, it is also concluded, that the process of mechanical recycling is more appropriate than chemical
recycling, since the chemical processes are extremely expensive and technically complex.

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Tuesday, July 09 | 17:00-18:00 | Library Terrace

Conference Welcome Reception
Join fellow delegates for a drink or two at the Conference Welcome Reception. This
event provides a great opportunity for delegates to network and get to know each other.
All registered presenters and audience members are welcome to attend. Admission is
included in the conference registration fee.

40 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

Wednesday
July 10
Parallel Sessions
Abstracts appear as originally submitted by the author.
Any spelling, grammatical, or typographical errors arethose of the author.

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10:00-12:00 | Shelley (2F)

Wednesday Session I
Renewable Energy
Session Chair: Kamran Siddiqui51541

10:00-10:30 | Shelley (2F)

Investigation of the Best-case Scenario of Rice Husk/Briquette Combustion for Lower Particulate Matter Emission
Emmanuel Abah, University of Tsukuba, Japan
Ryozo Noguchi, University of Tsukuba, Japan

Air pollution has been a major cause of diseases and deaths, especially in developing countries, due to their inability to afford cleaner sourcesof energy. Biomass such as agricultural residues is combusted, using inefficient combustion techniques, characterized by high emission ofparticulate matter (PM) and smoke, which have adverse effects on human health. This study investigated the best-case scenario of rice husk/
briquette combustion that favors low PM2.5 emissions. Loosed rice husk and briquette samples of 3 g, were combusted in temperatures
ranging from 600°C – 1000°C for a five-minute duration. The experimental set up comprises of a Yamato F100 fixed bed electric furnace
attached with a fabricated tubular heat exchanger, and a dust track II aerosol analyzer. The dust track II instrument is a real-time singlechannel PM counter and uses size selective cascade impactors. From the result, PM2.5 emission from the combustion of loosed rice husk
increases from its minimum of 11.8 mg/m3 at 600°C to its maximum of 27.8 mg/m3 at 900°C. At 600°C, the combustion air was adequate fora low bulk density fuel, thus, clean combustion, however, as the temperature increases with constant combustion air, this leads to oxygen
deficiency and consequently, higher emission. Contrastingly, PM2.5 emission from the combustion of rice husk briquette decreases fromits peak of 57.9 mg/m3 to 29.8 mg/m3 as the temperature increases from 650°C to 950°C. The continuous increase of temperature leads toquick evolution from the smoldering phase into the burnt phase of a high bulk density fuel, consequently lower emission.
51768

10:30-11:00 | Shelley (2F)

Industrial Solar in the Suburbs: NIMBY and Renewables
Sandra O'Neil, Curry College, United States

The need to decrease dependency on fossil fuels has never been more evident. Wind and solar energy sources offer promise, but siting
can present obstacles. While resistance to wind and massive solar projects has, to some extent been explored; larger, residential, groundmounted solar projects, requiring many acres of land, and largely dependent on the receptivity of a local community for successful
adoption, have largely been left unexamined. This case study explores the resistance of residents in one suburban town, to a large-scale(2MW), ground-mounted solar project in a residential neighborhood. The research incorporates a mixed methodology of participant
observation, interview, content analysis, social media activism, and social activism. Both the centralized nature of large scale residential
solar projects, and the desire to keep residential areas aesthetically pleasing and properly zoned, fueled opposition to this solar project.
This research indicates that environmental advocates and policymakers need to more fully incorporate both the meanings of, andconnections to places, residents of a community hold. Incentives intended to increase solar projects should not be at the expense ofprocedural justice, and the push should not feed solar into the centralized system, but should be in the hands of local communities.
Additionally, this case further highlights the complexity of environmental justice and NIMBY concepts in renewable projects. Dismissing
all renewable opposition as NIMBY is failing to see the complicated nature of residents’ motivations and understandings of place.
52593

11:00-11:30 | Shelley (2F)Wind Farm Optimization for Optimal Power Generation in GCC Countries: A Case Study of the UAE
Hanan Taleb, British University in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Bassam Abu Hijleh, British University in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

The conversion of wind energy into electricity can be realised by grouping wind turbines (WT) to form a wind farm (WF). It is believedthat there is always a room for improving the efficiency of WF by allowing more effective harvesting of the available energy and reducing
fatigue loads on the turbines. The UAE is rapidly adopting renewable energy as a viable solution to meet growing electricity demands andto address long-term resource security. The UAE recently built the first large-scale WF in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. This
piece of research will investigate some methods with the ultimate aim of achieving optimal wind power generation. A new WF on Sir Bani
Yas Island, in United Arab Emirates has been chosen to act as the main case study for this research. Wind profile will be obtained andthree improving parameters or strategies will be suggested including: (1) WF layout (2) a change of location and (3) substituting units of
WT. Through using WindFarm software Simulation tool, the impact of these strategies will be analysed and calculated. It is anticipatedthat the Sir Bani Yas WF in the UAE will be improved. Applying optimisation measures is undoubtedly important in increasing clean
energy, bearing in mind the rapid growth in terms of energy demand that has been witnessed in the country.
51315

11:30-12:00 | Shelley (2F)The Influence of Thermal Storage Inserts on the Microalgae Growth Rate in a Photobioreactor for Biofuel Production
Kamran Siddiqui, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Ashiq Islam, University of Western Ontario, Canada
Kira Toxopeus, University of Western Ontario, Canada

The global energy demand is continuously increasing. It has been predicted that at least two-thirds of the total energy demand will
be fulfilled by fossil fuels in the coming decades, due to the technological and/or economic constraints of the current clean energy
technologies. Biofuel is a clean alternative but the use of agriculture produce as a raw material is not a sustainable approach. The growthof microorganisms such as cyanobacteria and microalgae in engineering systems (photobioreactors) is a promising technology to
produce biofuels and other valuable bio-products. The mircoalgae are sensitive to the temperature and its variations in photobioreactors.
Hence, the proper thermal regulation of the photobioreactor is vital to maximize the growth rate of microalgae and hence, the biofuel
production. One sustainable approach to thermally regulate the photobioreactor is through the integration of a thermal energy storage.
The thermal energy storage by appropriately storing and releasing the heat, could effectively regulate the temperature in a passive
manner. The present research is part of a bigger project to investigate the impact of a thermal energy storage on the growth rate of
microalgae. The specific focus on the present work is to investigate the shape of the inserts containing thermal storage medium, on thereactor flow behavior and the growth rate of microalgae. The results show that the shape of the thermal storage inserts has an impact on
the flow dynamics as well as the growth rate of microalgae. Detailed results will be presented and discussed at the conference.

42 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

10:00-12:00 | Wordsworth (2F)

Wednesday Session I
Environmental Policy
Session Chair: Millicent Ele
50938

10:00-10:30 | Wordsworth (2F)

Energy Efficient Buildings: Policy and Practice Landscapes in Ghana
Ama Kissiwah Boateng, National University of Public Service, Hungary

Majority of building codes in most African countries including Ghana were developed and, in some cases, copied from the European
building codes with limited consideration to the local context. But the concern here is that most of these codes are prescriptive anddo not mainstream energy efficient standards. Because of this, Ghana is faced with building energy problems. This paper first andforemost critically reviews the various policy mechanisms that are relevant to both the building and energy sectors in Ghana andpresents an empirically based, qualitative insight into the practice of real estate developers. The data used involved a total sample sizeof 30 interviewees comprising of 8 policymakers, 12 Real Estate Developers and 10 homebuyers. The project revealed that majority ofthe developments by real estate developers in Ghana are not mainly geared towards sustainable buildings though a few strategies are
adopted. Existing building codes and policy mechanisms have also not considered energy efficiency standards and strategies. It is
expected that the findings from the study will provide further insight towards the full development of energy efficient buildings in the
country by mainstreaming energy efficiency standards in Ghana’s existing building codes and energy policies.
51568

10:30-11:00 | Wordsworth (2F)

Sustainable Leadership for a Sustainable Future: An Approach from New ZealandJennifer McDonald, Continuum Consulting Group, New Zealand

The New Zealand local government sector is divided into 53 District Councils who provide services for cities, towns and citizens, and
11 Regional Councils who are responsible for environmental matters including integrated management of the natural and physicalresources of the region. As environmental challenges increase in complexity, the leaders of the Regional Councils are required touse their independent and legislative roles to ensure effective environmental practices across their regions while working closelywith District Councils and Central Government in an interdependent and collaborative manner. This complex landscape has meantthat the skillset of future leaders has expanded from primarily compliance to compliance and influential impact. This presentation
will outline a practical approach to developing the next generations of senior leaders within one Regional Council. The approachcombines the elements of science backed environmental interventions with the people skills required for an interdependent future.
It will furthermore look at a new centralised approach to leadership development for District Councils, which embraces both local
independence and collective interdependence for the sector. This presenter was the key designer and deliverer of that approach.
52286

11:00-11:30 | Wordsworth (2F)

Barriers to Electricity Demand Flexibility on New Zealand Dairy Farms
Jefferson Dew, University of Otago, New ZealandJanet Stephenson, University of Otago, New ZealandSara Walton, University of Otago, New Zealand
Michael Jack, University of Otago, New ZealandFlexible electricity consumption practices, such as demand response and load shifting, are increasingly recognised as critical forachieving fully renewable electricity systems. While many industries contribute to demand flexibility, irrigated dairy farms offer alargely untapped opportunity. The dairy sector is a significant consumer of electricity for irrigation and milking equipment, andcontributes one-third of New Zealand’s goods export earnings. Literature on demand flexibility often focusses on identifying technicalopportunities and assumes that rational economic choices from consumers will lead to adoption, but this is not the case with NZ dairy
farmers. We explore social and technical barriers that may be deterring farmer involvement in economically viable demand response
schemes. Our research participants were 17 farmers from two leading Māori dairy farming businesses. We conducted semi-structured
interviews to gain farmers’ perspectives on demand flexibility and the perceived barriers and enablers to changing their electricity use
patterns. Interviews occurred in the participant’s milking parlours, in which the farm equipment and use patterns were discussed andassessed for their potential to provide demand flexibility opportunities. Farmers generally had pro-environmental attitudes towards
their farming activities and spoke highly of initiatives in place from the milk company to promote sustainable farming practices.
However the environmental impact of electricity use was not considered in the same way. Perceived enablers included the non-energy
benefits and costs associated with new practices and/or technologies. The distinctive ownership structures of the businesses areanother potential enabler of demand flexibility, and their leadership could promote wider adoption in the sector.
52249

11:30-12:00 | Wordsworth (2F)

Cleaning Up the Oil Spill Mess in the Niger Delta: Whose Responsibility, Whose Risk?
Millicent Ele, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom

The decline in oil prices of recent years have forced the oil industry to assess the economic viability of their producing oil fields. In the North
Sea where most of the fields are mature and near end of life, operators have faced the possibility of dealing with early decommissioning.
In the Niger delta, the common strategy is not decommissioning but sale. These sales/divestments are usually to small indigenous oil
companies in line with the local content law. One of the major issues mostly left murky and unresolved is that of the liability for clean upof oil spills accumulated over the years in the Niger delta. This is a bit difficult and complicated since the sellers may want to sell boththe assets and liabilities; may claim that the spills were as a result of sabotage and not by any operational error on their part; or that
other operators have contributed to the spills over the years. However, the law has always been clear that the operator is responsible
for oil spill clean-up and restoration of the environment irrespective of fault as long as the spill is discovered within its operational areaand from a pipeline controlled by the operator. The new owners are granted operatorship without clearly resolving the issue of clean-up
liability for the ‘stale’ oil spills. This paper examines the foregoing issues in an asset sales/purchase agreement drawing insights fromthe Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (the Superfund) and the UK laws on decommissioning.

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | IAFOR.ORG | 43

13:15-14:45 | Shelley (2F)

Wednesday Session II
Economics & Policy
Session Chair: Ming Lin
52285

13:15-13:45 | Shelley (2F)

How Can We Regulate Gambling in Video Games
Joshua Krook, University of Adelaide, Australia

According to a 2018 report by Digital Australia, 97% of Australian households with children have at least one device for playing video
games. More than 60% of households have five or more devices. Since the early 2000s, the boom in mobile technology has seen the
spread of video games from desktop PCs to the pockets of young people everywhere. But with that spread has come new hazards, inthe form of online social gambling. Gambling via mobile devices or mobile games has remained largely unregulated in Australia. In a2012 study of more than 100 video games featuring gambling simulations, 69 of them were rated PG (8+) and 33 of them were rated G(for a general audience) by the Australian regulator. In other words, no gambling games received any age restrictions. The AustralianClassification Board, the body charged with rating games, consistently underrates games that feature gambling, despite the potential
risk they pose to children. This matches the state of affairs in various other countries around the world.
52562

13:45-14:15 | Shelley (2F)

How to Drive Circular Economy Practice Implementation – The Mediating Role of Closed-Loop Orientation forMarket-Oriented Companies
Cassian Behlau, Technical University Dortmund, Germany
Tessa Flatten, Technical University Dortmund, Germany

Circular Economy Practices (CEP), as a specific focus of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), has repeatedly been shown to drive
environmental and economic performance. Less focus however has been placed on why companies embark on the journey of developing
CEP. Therefore this study investigates strategic orientations of companies that lead to the implementation of CEP. While empiricalevidence suggests, that market orientation (MO) drives GSCM adoption, we suggest that closed-loop orientation (CLO), denoting anorganizations’ orientation towards closing resource loops, is a key driver to foster CEP implementation of market-oriented companies.
Based on the resource based view, we propose a model in which CLO positively mediates the relationship between MO and CEP. We test
this model with a sample of 126 German manufacturing companies using structural equation modelling (SEM). Confirmatory factor
analysis supports our five-factor model with adequate model fit (χ2/df = 1.37, p < .001; CFI = .91, RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .09, TLI = .90).
Our SEM results suggest that CLO mediates the relationship between MO and two of the CEP sub-constructs, internal environmental
management and Eco-design, while mediation of the MO - corporate-asset management relationship was not supported. Our results
yield important insights for the emerging circular economy (CE) literature by (1) contributing to the understanding of mechanisms to
implement CEP, (2) linking it to strategic management research and (3) empirically testing established CE constructs in Germany, as
the largest economy in Europe, for the first time.
51583

14:15-14:45 | Shelley (2F)

The “atmospheric” Indigenous Villages in Taiwan: A Case Study of Tsou’s Laiji Village, Alishan
Ming Lin, National United University, Taiwan

Indigenous villages and the mass media in Taiwan have been using the term “atmosphere” to describe the villages as a way of
attracting tourists, but what does it really mean? Drawing on contemporary theories in tourist studies, psychology, architecture, thearts, and human geography, this paper explores the relationship between atmospheres, indigenous villages, and tourist experiences.
Atmosphere is a central concept in this research, although it is not yet a fully developed concept within academia. Before exploring
the relationships between atmosphere, indigenous villages and embodied tourist experiences, I discuss this concept in the beginningof this paper: what atmosphere is, how we conceptualise it, and how atmosphere is produced and reproduce. In so doing I seek to:develop an embodied concept of atmosphere as a key term in examining tourists’ bodily participation experiences in tourism places;
explore sensuous experiences above and beyond visual phenomena/ tourist gaze; overcome the dualistic way of thinking that exists inliterature on tourist sites; and examine the relationships between local authorities, local economies, indigenous cultures and tourism
activities. This provides a useful theoretical framework for the exploration of a selected case study: a Taiwanese indigenous village,
Tsou’s Laiji Village, Alishan. Through the application of mixed research methods, my research on the indigenous villages exemplifies
how we can develop a richer understanding of the complex social and cultural phenomena beyond notions of authentic/ inauthentic
tourist experience.

44 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

13:15-14:45 | Wordsworth (2F)

Wednesday Session II
GenderSession Chair: Raj Mestry
52310

13:15-13:45 | Wordsworth (2F)

Exploring the Intrinsic Influence of Confucian Principles on Malaysian Chinese Women’s Life Experiences
Karen Leong Trimarchi, University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom

To consider how Confucian principle(s) continue to influence the Chinese in Malaysia, this study will explore the way Chinese values,
in a Malaysian context, affects the identity of Malaysian-born Chinese women. The interdisciplinary nature of this research willconsider identity from a sociological, psychological and cultural viewpoints, taking the view that identity is socially constructed,
as family and society play a key role in sustaining the Chinese culture and traditions through the socialisation process (Jenkins,
1997; Mead, 1932). To explore the socially constructed phenomenon of Malaysian Chinese women’s life experiences, an ethnographic
approach adopting Zaltman Metaphoric Elicitation Technique (ZMET) will be used to gain insight into salient Confucian principles that
may continue to subliminally influence Malaysian Chinese Women, thus leading to this research’s construct(s). This in-depth semistructured interview method was chosen as it enables the elicitation of intrinsic values through ten semi-structured interview stages
that creates opportunities for triangulating, validating and consolidating links (Kokko and Lagerkvist, 2017; Zaltman and Coulter,1995). This qualitative research method will provide insight into Malaysian Chinese women’s life experiences and the effect of Chinese
Confucian tenets that intrinsically influenced their choices and decision (O’Meara, 2015). The identity of the researcher as a Malaysian
Chinese woman provides an emic-etic perspective, adopting the ethnographic principles of cultural interpretation for data analysis.
As this research is not an in-depth analysis of Chinese philosophy or culture at a national level, its findings will not be generalisable orscientifically validated as each experience is unique and specific to the individual.
50914

13:45-14:15 | Wordsworth (2F)

#Me Too Campaign – creating a healthy atmosphere at work place for both females and males – a study inthe context of India
Dinesh Kapadia, Gujarat State Commission for Unreserved Classes, India

The #Me-too campaign initiated by a social activist Tarana Burke in the year 2006, has started gaining ground after Alyssa Milano
an American Actress took a resort to a spate of Twitter messages in October 2017, asking the victims of sexual assault to comeout openly against the predators. This campaign has exposed an internationally famed Hollywood actor, whose career is virtuallyfinished as a result of a sustained and concerted movement by the women victims of his tendency to exploit the vulnerable budding
Hollywood actresses. Recently, a section of the Indian female journalists and film T.V. actresses emulated the #MeToo campaign bylaunching a united campaign against a powerful minister and also Bollywood/T.V. celebrities. In this context, a narrative paper has
been prepared to study relevance of this movement in India. There is no doubt that the Indian women have also become aware of theirrights as an individual at work places and they feel confident that they can no longer be taken for granted. The #Me-too movement
has achieved one significant result – the hope that workplaces will now be safer for women. There is a hope that men will think twice
before indulging in obscenities with their female colleagues. This paper will enable the sociologists, feminists, journalists, and others
concerned with gender issues to understand zero ground level conditions.
52488

14:15-14:45 | Wordsworth (2F)

Voices of Resilience: Female School Principals’ Leadership Skills and Decision-making Techniques
Raj Mestry, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Nicolette Du Bruyn, Uplands College, South Africa
Pierre Du Plessis, University of Johannesburg, South Africa

In keeping with the theme of the conference, this paper examines how women independently and interdependently take on theirroles as school leaders. The Gordian’s knot of challenges in the education arena includes the highly gendered culture of school
governance, management and leadership which often precludes many talented women, through socially-constructed phenomena,from participating and succeeding at school leadership level. Underperformance of schools is exacerbated by stereotypical attitudes
to gender and diversity, among other factors, resulting in gender asymmetries and under-representation. Characterised by poverty andinequality, South Africa’s contemporary schooling system also contends with an asymmetrically-gendered culture of principalship.
This qualitative study captures how women leaders in schools have independently and interdependently managed to navigate theircareers despite many hurdles they faced. Using open-ended interview sessions, individual and focus group interviews captured direct
quotations from the lived experience of women leaders, and provided rich context for their life narratives and career trajectories. Aninterdisciplinary theoretical framework was used to guide the interpretation of the participants’ perspectives, using change theory,
the ethics of care, and resilience psychology. Findings revealed, among others, that female principals had to be prepared theoretically,practically, and psychologically for the principalship. Policy knowledge, for example, was viewed as essential. Mentoring also emerged
clearly as a theme. Learning from both positive and negative experiences was a powerful influence in their career trajectories. Female
principals and policy-makers in emerging economies will apply the antidotes for the obdurate barriers to female school leadership.

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | IAFOR.ORG | 45

15:00-16:30 | Shelley (2F)

Wednesday Session III
Education
Session Chair: Michael Emmer
52507

15:00-15:30 | Shelley (2F)

Independence and Interdependence: A Case Study of Students’ Learning Experiences at a Waldorf Experimental
Institution in Taiwan
Hsin Yu Yang, National Chengchi University, Taiwan

The purpose of this study is to gain understanding and ideas of how to build up students’ positive personalities, and capabilities
of independence and interdependence. Researcher realized what personality teachers build up for students, and the curriculum
they designed, and explored students learning experiences in the Experimental Institution. This study adopted the method of casestudy, used interview, and documents analysis. The conclusions stated as follows: First, emphasized on disclosing subjectivity ofstudents’ personality, and emotional expression. They melt educational and guidance beliefs into activities in different stages andcurriculum. Understood children personalities, thoughts, emotion, interpersonal, identities, and their situation at home by family
visiting, individualized guidance, and child study. Second, empower inner emotional strengths .Students were guided to develop
a project of their personal interests, and participate in communities and the ceremony celebration of four seasons. This learning
process built up ability of Imagination, the view of thinking, sense of humor, coping skills, and resilience. So they found and madetheir own propose, and more flexible when problem solving, became more able to connect with others, and gain self identity. Last, astrong supporting system. Teachers emphasized on creating a home-schooling environment for students to develop their security.
Overall, students are independent, more reflective and self-aware of personal strengths and weaknesses, and autonomy in learning.
And gain capabilities of interdependent, they can seek others help or be collaboratively in learning, adapt their environment mucheasier, have more hope and purpose for future.
50050

15:30-16:00 | Shelley (2F)

Influencing Sustainability Behaviours from a Social Marketing Perspective
Madelyn Pardon, James Cook University, Australia
Anne Swinbourne, James Cook University, Australia
Connar McShane, James Cook University, Australia

Educating the public about sustainable living poses major challenges to scientists and policy makers alike. Environmental issues canbe considered complex and contain uncertainty, making decisions about mitigating behaviour more difficult. In response to thesechallenges, adopting a social marketing perspective and segmenting a target audience to develop more effective communication
strategies is proposed to increase sustainability behaviours. The project focused on water sustainability behaviour within the Townsvilleregion (North Queensland, Australia) whose water supply was under threat at the time of research. A survey was formulated basedon the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), a well-established and successful health behaviour change model. A sample of 363
participants were recruited. Three clusters representing different standings on the EPPM factors (threat and efficacy), demographic
variables and water related behaviours were generated from the data. Cluster 1 (32%) had low threat and efficacy perceptions and wereleast likely to participate in sustainability behaviours. Cluster 2 (25%) had high threat perceptions but low efficacy perceptions. This
group were long-term residents of the region. Cluster 3 (43%) had high threat and efficacy perceptions and were most environmentallyproactive. Additional analyses were conducted to explore how these clusters differed in their standings on other variables. The
approach could be used for all types of environmental threat communication and also assist campaign developers to target specificmessages to specific audiences.
51577

16:00-16:30 | Shelley (2F)Green Education: Perceptional Differences within a Construction Management Program Curricular Implementation
Michael Emmer, Roger Williams University, United States
Jon Gomes, Roger Williams University, United States

Students in the RWU construction management program are exposed to a wide array of topical content areas related to sustainability
and green education; the majority of which is connected to the built environment. Faculty who teach within the program all haveunique perspectives and beliefs on what makes up green building. Because of the varying points of view; personal experiences;and cultural backgrounds, there is not always a consensus on what is significant and important when it comes to green education.
Many times disconnects (perception gaps) manifest themselves between what is perceived to be important to the student andwhat the faculty believes to be important as “must know” when they deliver the course material. Since green education from aholistic approach includes much more than the built environment, students continuously challenge the teaching-learning dynamic
in terms of what is most relevant to green education. The focus of this research was to identify the perceptional gap and develop
a teaching model to close the divergence between what students deem to be important in green education and what the faculty
believe the students need to learn. Surveys, focus, groups, and interviews were conducted to identify the variances and differences
between faculty and student. The results of the research indicate that most times there is a perceptional difference between what
is being taught, and what should be taught. Based on the results changes in course material delivery via a new teaching model wasdeveloped and recommended for implementation.

46 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

15:00-16:30 | Wordsworth (2F)

Wednesday Session III
International Relations and Politics
Session Chair: Marina Sholkova
51270

15:00-15:30 | Wordsworth (2F)The Recruiting Practice in Colonised Society: The Case of British Hong Kong Colonial Government
Qianqian Chai, University of Essex, United Kingdom

This research examines the recruiting practice of the British Hong Kong Colonial Government before the Japanese occupation (being
more specific from 1845 to 1925), as well as its corresponding influencing factors. By understanding the Hong Kong Government’s
dynamic attitude towards different nationalities, the work discussed the national hierarchy within the government. Benefited from aunique record known as the Blue Book which offers employment details of civil servants in Hong Kong, it is allowed to generate thestaffing characteristics from multiple aspects and the changes by a longitudinal view; on the other hand, analysis towards related
historical materials facilitates the understanding of influencing elements. Suggested by the results, the Hong Kong Government
typically utilised ethnocentric staffing approach in the whole period. However, the more interesting finding shows the government
increasingly relied on the locals along with time, and the asynchronised speed of Chinese staff population overtook other nationalities
within different departments. Considering the staffing practice as a social phenomenon situated in a particular social context, theresearch also attempts to discuss the rationality of the previously discussed recruitment approach. It is expected the study of Hong
Kong Colonial Government can diffract a deeper sense from the social and historical aspects, filling the gap of Colonial Hong Kong
history, simultaneously illustrating the developing process of cultural collision and integration through taking a close look at theWestern labour flowing into Eastern cultures in history and its effects.
52641

15:30-16:00 | Wordsworth (2F)Soft Power and the Role of the Subject in Advancing a Strategic Conception of Power
Douglas Brown, University of Regina, Canada

Joseph Nye has contributed one of the best known and most widely referred-to concepts within the discourse of US grand strategy.
Introduced in 1990 in Nye’s book Bound to Lead the concept ‘soft power’ was intended to challenge those believing that US power ona world stage was in decline. Nye argued instead that America’s power was far more comprehensive than was evident, particularly
if looking beyond traditional power resources such as military capability, economic wealth. Nye argues that in an increasinglyinterdependent world, ‘hard power’ resources, including military and economic assets, were of less utility than they had been in earlier
eras of international relations. ‘Soft power’ then was the new power, a power based and strategy associated with attracting others andgetting them ‘to want what you want.’ However, one may argue that Nye’s conception of soft power is problematic in the extent that it is‘unstrategic. ’ For while Nye, in acknowledging the role of the subject, places a significant focus upon the agent of power, with capacity
dependent upon that agent’s possession of convertible resources (e.g., cultural and political values, and foreign practices). Here theanalyst of power considers the roles of leaders, followers and the contexts within which those actors operate. While the positional
importance and role of the agent of power remains significant, arguably, Nye (even in his later work) leaves the role of the subject ofpower underdeveloped. When we understand soft power as a theory of interdependent decision-making, then a strategic conceptionof power must encourage a profound concern for the role of the subject of power within those power relationships. Turning to the workof Jürgen Habermas and Michel Foucault this paper examines the role of the subject in order to better understand the implementationof soft power as an act of international relations, and viable alternative to more coercive forms of influence.
52572

16:00-16:30 | Wordsworth (2F)

Sustainability in the Asian Pacific Region: Integration as the Tool of Ensuring Security
Marina Sholkova, Diplomatic Academy of Russian Foreign Ministry, Russia

The paper determines the link between the integration system and sustainability in the Asian Pacific region by evaluating the ongoingarms race and examining regional conflicts and disputes in the XXI century. Analysis of international political situation in the APR
have shown essential complex challenges of ensuring security in the region bound to its specificity: (1) the APR unites heterogeneous
countries separated by sea; (2) crossing interests of major political actors (the USA, Russia, China, Japan, India); (3) the unprecedented
number of regional economic and political organizations. The paper concludes that: (1) the majority of the APR integration associations
are aimed at providing economic stability; solving territorial conflicts and maritime disputes; denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula;effectively combating the global threats, such as terrorism and cyber-terrorism, ecocatastrophes, the scarcity of resources; (2) thecomplicated nature of interstate relationships and interactions of different regional organizations prevents a serious escalation of
conflicts but does not allow to establish a sustainable atmosphere in the APR. Finally, based on evaluation of theoretical approaches
in the regional security system the ASEAN Regional Forum is acknowledged to be the major organization in terms of its practical input
to create a sustainable environment in the APR.

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The IAFOR Conference forHigher Education Research – Hong Kong

CHER
UNCERTAIN
2019
FUTURES:NOVEMBER 8-10, 2019

The IAFOR Conference for Higher Education Research

HONG KONG

LINGNAN UNIVERSITY
November 8–10, 2019

Repurposing

Higher Education
Held at Lingnan University in Hong Kong, The IAFOR Conference
for Higher Education Research – Hong Kong is a multidisciplinary
conference co-organised by The International Academic Forum(IAFOR), Lingnan University (Hong Kong), the Asia Pacific Higher
Education Research Partnership (APHERP), and in affiliation with
the Centre for Global Higher Education (CGHE).

Now Accepting Abstracts >>www.cher-hongkong.iafor.org

Key Deadlines for Presenters:
Early Bird Abstract Submission Deadline: June 28, 2019
Final Abstract Submission Deadline: August 29, 2019
Early Bird Registration Deadline: July 25, 2019
Advance Registration Deadline: August 29, 2019
Regular Registration Deadline: September 26, 2019

CHER2019 is co-organised by IAFOR, APHERP & Lingnan University

iaforVirtual
Presentations
Virtual presentations afford authors the opportunity to present their research to IAFOR’s farreaching and international online audience, without time restrictions, distractions or the need totravel. Presenters are invited to create a video of their presentation, which is then uploaded to theofficial IAFOR Vimeo channel and remains online indefinitely. This is a valuable and impactful wayof presenting in its own right, but also an alternative means for those delegates who may be unable
to travel to the conference due to financial or political restrictions.
Abstracts appear as originally submitted by the author. Any spelling, grammatical, or typographicalerrors are those of the author.

www.vimeo.com/iafor/channels/moderated/

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www.vimeo.com/iafor/channels/moderated/

Virtual Presentations
52072

Bureaucrats and Politicians in Power-Dependence of Domestic Politics and Interdependence, Linkage of
Diplomacy: From Bureaucratic Leadership to Official Residence Leadership
Yoshihiro Nagata, Nagoya University, Japan

This paper investigates Bureaucrats and Politicians in Power-Dependence of Domestic Politics and Interdependence, Linkage of
Diplomacy: From Bureaucratic Leadership to Official Residence Leadership. This paper consists of two parts. First, this paper investigatesthe common factors between Power-Dependence of domestic politics and Interdependence in international relations. The powerdependence means political dependence in the political networks between central government, bureaucracy, local government andinterest groups in common regime state. The interdependence means comprehensive relationship, from which zero-sum game is notnecessarily derived, between various states with different regimes. Second, this paper investigates Bureaucrats and Politicians focusing
on the history from bureaucratic leadership to official residence leadership in Japan. The bureaucracy in Japan, especially the Ministry ofInternational Trade and Industry has been main actor of Japan after the 55 system, the Conservative Merger in 1955. From the late 50s
to the 70s, each Liberal Democratic Administrations, led by strong leadership of prime ministers, Kishi, and Ikeda, succeeded in JapanUS Security Treaty and doubling of income, respectively. Since the 70s, the foreign economic policy is forwarded between the UnitedStates and Japan in place of the security and political issues between them. Prime minister Nakasone, Hashimoto and Koizumi tried
to reorganize the bureaucracy. In Japan, the bureau of personnel at Cabinet Office changed the bureaucrat-led politics to politician-led
politics. This paper investigates how government and bureaucracy cooperate for the success of policy making.
52501

Does South Korea’s Exporting Success Conflict with its Paris Agreement Goals of Reducing Greenhouse Gas
Emissions by 37%?
Rachel Lee, Yongsan International School of Seoul, South Korea
Douglas Klein, New Jersey City University, United States

South Korea is one of the most polluted countries in the world - in 2016, Korea had 76 days with bad air quality and only 45 days withgood air quality. Medical studies conclude that polluted air can cause serious health problems such as stroke, heart disease, lung cancer
and other ailments. Particulate matter floating in the air smaller than 10 micrometers profoundly threatens children and asthmatics andcan be easily absorbed into the bloodstream of adults. The Republic of Korea or ROK is a signatory to the Paris Agreement, which aims to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions below the current Business As Usual (BAU) emissions 37% by 2030. The ROK Ministry of Environment
currently oversees Korea’s pollution monitoring and regulations; however, attaining the Paris Agreement goals may be difficult considering
the nature of Korea’s export-oriented economy. The ROK is the 5th largest exporter of goods in the world - the resulting success and trade
surplus has significantly increased per capita income and improved standards of living. An atmospheric test using measuring equipment
provided by NASA found that half of the air pollution in Korea originates from industry, power generation, buildings and transportation
vehicles. The fact that the majority of South Korea’s air pollution comes from within makes proactive solutions possible. This paper
will investigate the path forward examining how industrial contributors to air pollution in Korea to work with NGO actors, environmental
experts and government officials to achieve the ambitious Paris Agreement goals.

50 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

Reviewers
IAFOR depends on the assistance of a large number of international academics and practitioners
who contribute in a variety of ways to our shared mission of promoting international exchange,
facilitating intercultural awareness, encouraging interdisciplinary discussion and generating andsharing new knowledge. Our academic events would not be what they are without a commitment
to ensuring that international norms of peer review are observed for our presentation abstracts.
With thousands of abstracts submitted each year for presentation at our conferences, IAFOR relieson academics around the world to ensure a fair and timely peer review process in keeping withestablished international norms of double-blind peer review.
We are grateful for the time, effort and expertise donated by all our contributors.

Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | IAFOR.ORG | 51

ECSS2019

Review Committee
Dr Eddie Bruce-Jones
Birkbeck, University of London, United Kingdom
Dr Carl Fraser
Coventry University, United Kingdom
Dr Mohamed Ghanem
Tanta University, Egypt
Dr Joanna Kepka
University of Nevada, United States
Dr Israel Patiño
Universidad La Salle Noroeste, Sonora, Mexico

Dr Subir Rana
Independent Scholar/Researcher, India
Dr Carmina Serrano-Lanzuela
Universidad Complutense De Madrid, Spain
Professor José Miguel Soares
ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics &Management, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal

ECSS2019

Reviewers
Safiya Abubakar Jika
FCT College of Education Zuba Abuja, Nigeria
Dr Dinesh Kapadia
Gujarat State Commission for Unreserved
Classes, Govt. of Gujarat, India
Dr Veronica Onyemauwa
Imo State University, Nigeria

Dr Lily Evelina Sitorus
Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Indonesia
Dr Navaporn Sanprasert Snodin
Kasetsart University, Thailand

52 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)ECSEE2019

Review Committee
Dr Evelyn Lami Ashelo Allu
University of Jos, Nigeria
Professor Elżbieta Antczak
University of Lodz, Poland
Dr Davidson Egirani
Niger Delta University, Nigeria
Dr Michael Emmer
Roger Williams University, United States
Dr Tom Houghton
Curtin University, Australia
Dr Ibrahim M. Magami
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria

Dr Esther Makinde
University York, United Kingdom
Dr Alexandru-Ionut Petrisor
Ion Mincu University of Architecture and
Urbanism, Romania
Professor José Miguel Soares
ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics &Management, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal

ECSEE2019

Senior Reviewers
Dr Anthony Ademola Adeyanju
University of the West Indies, Trinidad andTobagoDr Timothy 'Seyi Odeyale
Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria

ECSEE2019

Reviewers
Dr Anthony Afful-dadzie
University of Ghana, Ghana
Professor Maher Al-Jabari
Palestine Polytechnic University, Jordan
Professor Adji Achmad Rinaldo Fernandes
Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia

Dr Sandra O'Neil
Curry College, United States
Professor Kamran Siddiqui
University of Western Ontario, Canada
Dr Solimun Solimun
Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia

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Submit your research to the

IAFOR Journal of Education
The IAFOR Journal of Education is a Scopus indexed, internationally reviewed andeditorially independent interdisciplinary journal associated with IAFOR’s international
conferences on Education.
Editor: Dr Yvonne Masters
ISSN: 2187-0594
Contact: publications@iafor.org

Aims & Scope
The IAFOR Journal of Education is an Open Access, peer-reviewed, international
and intercultural journal. The journal encourages interdisciplinary research, with theprimary focus being on addressing critical issues and current trends and research ineducation. This would include exploring significant themes, exceptional programs andpromising practice in the field of education, and educational policy. The anticipatedaudience is preservice and inservice teachers and administrators, university faculty
and students, education policy makers, and others interested in educational research.
Papers submitted by academic researchers, theorists, practising teachers, policymakers and educational administrators are welcomed. Submissions should be original,
previously unpublished papers which are not under consideration for publication in
any other journal. Please note that papers already submitted to or published in IAFOR
Conference Proceedings are not accepted for publication in any of IAFOR’s journals.
Indexed in: Scopus (from 2019), DOAJ, ERIC, EBSCO Discovery Service, Education Source, MIAR,TROVE, SHERPA/RoMEO, WorldCat and Google Scholar. DOIs are assigned to each publishedissue and article via Crossref.

IAFOR Commitment
IAFOR believes in “Open Access” publishing, and since 2009, has been committed tomaintaining an online searchable research archive that offers free access to anyone,
anywhere, where there is Internet access, regardless of institutional affiliation or
scholarly rank. IAFOR publications are accessible on the website (Open Access) toresearchers all over the world, completely free of charge and without delay or embargo.
Authors and contributors are not required to pay charges of any sort towards the
publication of IAFOR journals.
For more information please visit:www.iafor.org/journal/iafor-journal-of-education
The IAFOR Journal of Education is now indexed in Scopus.

54 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

A-Z Index ofPresenters

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A-Z Index of Presenters
Abah, Emmanuel				p. 42
University of Tsukuba, Japan
Ahamad, Faiz				p. 37
Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India
Alimu, Tuoheti				p. 38
Tohoku University, Japan
Behlau, Cassian				p. 44
Technical University Dortmund, Germany
Boateng, Ama Kissiwah			p. 43
National University of Public Service, Hungary
Bonnie, Nyingi				p. 36
University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Brown, Douglas				p. 47
University of Regina, Canada
Cerro, Camilo				p. 36
American University of Sharjah,
United Arab Emirates
Chai, Qianqian				p. 47
University of Essex, United Kingdom
Dew, Jefferson				p. 43
University of Otago, New ZealandEle, Millicent				p. 43
University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Emmer, Michael				p. 46
Roger Williams University, United States
Ernoul, Lisa				p. 39
Tour du Valat, France
Gwon, Minji				p. 37
Seoul National University, South Korea
Hune, Nicole				p. 38
University of Houston, United States
Jaffré, Maxime				p. 37
United Arab Emirates University (UAEU),
United Arab Emirates
Kapadia, Dinesh				p. 45
Gujarat State Commission for
Unreserved Classes, Govt. of Gujarat, India
Klein, Douglas				p. 50
New Jersey City University, United States
Krook, Joshua				p. 44
University of Adelaide, Australia

Kumar, Amit				p. 37
Jawaharlal Nehru University, India
Lin, Ming					p. 44
National United University, Taiwan
Malhotra, Saurav				p. 36
Balipara Foundation, India
McDonald, Jenny				p. 43
Continuum Consulting Group, New Zealand
Mestry, Raj				p. 45
University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Nagata, Yoshihiro				p. 50
Nagoya University, Japan
Niculescu, Hamilton			p. 36
Dublin City University, Ireland
O'Neil, Sandra				p. 42
Curry College, United States
Pardon, Madelyn				p. 46
James Cook University, Australia
Raevskikh, Elena				p. 37
United Arab Emirates University (UAEU),
United Arab Emirates
Sandilands, Samantha			p. 39
University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
Sholkova, Marina				p. 47
Diplomatic Academy, Russia
Siddiqui, Kamran				p. 42
University of Western Ontario, Canada
Snodin, Navaporn				p. 38
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Soares, José Miguel			pp. 38, 39
ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics& Management, Universidade de Lisboa,
and Advance/CSG, Portugal
Taleb, Hanan				p. 42
British Univeristy in Dubai,
United Arab Emirates
Trimarchi, Karen Leong			p. 45
University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
Yang, Hsin Yu				p. 46
National Chengchi University, Taiwan

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NotesLike us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/iaforjapan | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | IAFOR.ORG | 57

Notes58 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)

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www.iafor.org/conferences

Upcoming Events

Tokyo, Japan, 2019

Brighton, UK, 2019

October 25–27, 2019

July 12–13, 2019

The Asian Conference onMedia, Communication & Film(mediasia.iafor.org)

The European Conference on Arts & Humanities(ecah.iafor.org)

October 31 – November 03, 2019
The Asian Conference on Education(ace.iafor.org)

November 03, 2019
The Asian Undergraduate Research Symposium(aurs.iafor.org)

The European Conference onMedia, Communication & Film
(euromedia.iafor.org)

London, UK, 2019
July 19–21, 2019
The European Conference on Education(ece.iafor.org)
The European Conference on
Language Learning(ecll.iafor.org)

December 07–08, 2019
The European Conference on
Aging & Gerontology(egen.iafor.org)

Hong Kong, 2019
November 08–10, 2019
The IAFOR Conference for Higher Education
Research – Hong Kong(cher-hongkong.iafor.org)
The Asian Conference on the Liberal Arts
(acla.iafor.org)

60 | IAFOR.ORG | ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Follow us on Twitter @IAFOR (tweet about the conference using #IAFOR)Hawaii, USA, 2020

Tokyo, Japan, 2020

January 10–12, 2020

March 23–26, 2020

The IAFOR International Conference on
Education – Hawaii(iicehawaii.iafor.org)

The Asian Conference on
Education & International Development(aceid.iafor.org)

The IAFOR International Conference on
Sustainability, Energy & the Environment – Hawaii(iicseehawaii.iafor.org)

March 26–29, 2020

Singapore, 2020
February 07–09, 2020
South East Asian Conference on Education(seace.iafor.org)

The Asian Conference on
Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences(acp.iafor.org)
The Asian Conference on
Ethics, Religion & Philosophy(acerp.iafor.org)

March 27–29, 2020
The Asian Conference on Aging & Gerontology(agen.iafor.org)

March 29 – April 1, 2020
The Asian Conference on Language(acl.iafor.org)

May 24–27, 2020
The Asian Conference on the Arts & Humanities(acah.iafor.org)
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May 27–30, 2020
The Asian Conference on Cultural Studies(accs.iafor.org)
The Asian Conference on Asian Studies(acas.iafor.org)

The IAFOR Research Centre (IRC) is a politically independent, international andinterdisciplinary think tank based at the Osaka School of International Public Policy(OSIPP), at Japan’s Osaka University, that conducts and facilitates international
and interdisciplinary research projects. The main focus is to encourage mutualinternational and intercultural understanding and cooperation in line with IAFOR’s
mission of encouraging interdisciplinary discussion, facilitating heightenedintercultural awareness, promoting international exchange, and generating andsharing new knowledge.
The IRC helps to nurture and capacity build by encouraging students to take part ininternational conferences and research projects, in line with the Osaka University’s
Global 30 commitments from Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Scienceand Technology (MEXT).
For more information about the IAFOR Research Centre visit:www.osipp.osaka-u.ac.jp/iaforresearchcentre/
THE IAFOR RESEARCH CENTREOSAKA SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC POLICYOSAKA UNIVERSITY

大阪大学大学院国際公共政策研究科OSIPP
IAFOR研究センター

ECSS/ECSEE2019 | Programme & Abstract Book

Introducing the
IAFOR Research Centre
at Osaka University, Japan