Europe: A Changing Continent
ヨーロッパ最前線

John H. Randle
Atsushi MukuhiraPreface
I am very pleased to have been given this opportunity by Seibido Co., Ltd. to write thisbook with my friend Professor Atsushi Mukuhira, with whom I have collaborated on many
books over the years. It seems a good time to be writing about Europe. The EU now has
close to 500 million people, consists of 27 countries and unites the peoples of Europe who
had been separated by the Cold War for so many years. It is a remarkable fact that somany people have the opportunity now to travel freely to each othersʼ countries whether
to go on holiday or to work. It is interesting that the English language is playing its part
too in the new Europe, because often English is the language which is used by Europeans
as they travel to countries where they may speak very little of the language or maybe nowords of the language at all!
There are of course many ideas within Europe of what Europe should be. There arethose who would like the EU to become much bigger and take in, for example, a hugecountry like Turkey, which has traditionally been viewed as being outside Europe. There
are those who think that Europe is now big enough and should not expand the membershipof the EU further. There are some in Europe who would like the EU to become a muchtighter and stronger federation, with perhaps a very powerful and recognizable ﬁgure atits head. For others, they want the EU to be an association of countries with no more
power going from the member states to its central government. But it is fair to say that
there is a new European feeling. There is now a European generation, that is, young people
for whom the EU has always been part of their lives.
takes a tour of some of the best-known parts of Europe.
Although usually it is the capital city of the country which is the title of the chapter, I
have tried to ﬁll in some details about the country itself. Above all, I have tried to give afeel of what a place is like now – what is “the pulse of the place”. Sometimes it is in thedialogue section of a chapter that I am able to write about some particular aspect of aplace. So, for example, in Venice we meet someone working in the city but who commutes
into the historic city each day to work; in London we meet someone from Poland who isworking temporarily in the city, and in Denmark we meet someone who lives inCopenhagen but who spends his weekends outside the city on the coast. I have tried togive a ﬂavour of the variety of Europe – of its many peoples and its many traditions.
The chances are that many of you reading this book will be planning a visit to Europe
one day, and one motive I have had in choosing the places I have put in the book is todescribe some of the places you would be likely to visit. I cannot imagine, for example,
that anyone planning a trip to Europe for the ﬁrst time would not put Paris, London andRome on their itinerary and probably also Brussels, Barcelona and Berlin. If you were aiii

very ambitious traveler, you could for example set oﬀ in Greece, as at the beginning of thebook, and end up Prague! I have to say that over two consecutive summers I traveled tojust about all the places I have written about – either to freshen up my memory of them orto see them for the ﬁrst time. In some places the photos in the book are ones I took as I
went around, and some of the dialogues in the book reﬂect actual conversations I had withpeople like the young man training to be a chef in Switzerland or the person in Dublin
who talked about how Saint Patrickʼs Day is celebrated in America.
I hope you enjoy our book and ﬁnd it useful. Wherever you go in Europe, try to learn
just a few words of the language like “hello”, “goodbye” and “thank you”. It makes such adiﬀerence as you travel around. I thought about it, but decided that it was best to use theEnglish version of the place name in the book; so, for example, I write about Florence andnot Firenze, Rome and not Roma – but you should always be aware that the people in aplace will usually have a diﬀerent name for their city or country from the English version.
Good luck with your studies, and I hope this book will encourage you to study, to keep
learning English and to visit Europe if you have not done so already.
John Randle, London, August 2010iv

はじめに
本書は、1）政治経済の一大勢力・文化の発信地として世界的な重要性がますます高まっている EU 統合後のヨーロッパに焦点を当て、2）それを構成している各国・各都市の最新事情を描き出したエッセイを中核にすえ、3）関連する練習問題を多彩な形式で提供しながら、総合的な英語力の養成をめざしたテキストです。
中心素材となる各 Unit のエッセイ（Reading Comprehension ）は、英国在住の著者John Randle 氏が書き下ろしたものです。彼はかつて日本の大学で教鞭をとった経験を持ち、現在もロンドンなどで日本人を含む世界各地の学生を教えています。Randle 氏
は執筆に際し、過去 2 年の間にヨーロッパ各地（本書掲載以外の都市も含む）を 10 数回視察しました。その訪問都市・地域のなかから、最新のヨーロッパ事情を描き出すために不可欠の都市やトピックを厳選し、20 のエッセイにまとめています。このエッセ
イには、本書の特長のひとつとして、4）日本のニュースがあまり触れることのない現地の最新状況が端的・的確に盛り込まれています。したがって皆さんは、5）あたかも自分がヨーロッパの現地で直接手に入れたかのような生々しい情報を浴びながら、政治・経済・歴史・文化などの多様な側面から、各都市の最新状況を理解することができるでしょう。ちなみに、本書掲載の写真についても、多くは Randle 氏自身が撮影したものであり、各都市・地域のリアルタイムの姿を的確にとらえています。
付属する練習問題（Exercises 、Dialogue ）は、6）皆さんにとって将来的に有用な語彙・文法・会話フレーズなどを取り上げ、7）T/F による内容理解、マッチングやディクテーションなど、授業活動が活発になるように多彩な形式を取っています。とくに、8）受信・発信の際に将来的に利用度の高い文法事項を各 Unit で 1 項目ずつフォーカスし、簡潔な解説を加えています（Expression ）。
こうした特長を持つ本書は、グローバル・センスを身につけることが今後ますます重要視される社会のなかで、皆さんが海外の事情や異文化をたんに理解するだけでなく、9）実際に現地に赴く動機ともなり、10）赴いた後に必要となる実用的英語運用力の基礎を養成する教材となっているのです。
本書の作成にあたり、（株）成美堂の菅野英一氏と佐藤公雄氏には企画・編集の各段階において多大なご支援をいただきました。信頼すべき友である Randle 氏のエッセイをお二人とともに世に送り出せたことを、心から幸せに感じています。
2010 年v酷夏著者 椋平淳

CONTENTS

Unit 1

Greece: The Cradle of European Civilization ……………… 1

Unit 2

Rome and the Vatican City ……………………………………………… 6

Unit 3

Florence and the Renaissance……………………………………… 11

Unit 4

Saving Venice ………………………………………………………………… 16

Unit 5

La Belle France ……………………………………………………………… 21

Unit 6

Paris Style ……………………………………………………………………… 26

Unit 7

Madrid Cool and Barcelona Chic ………………………………… 31

Unit 8

Ireland: The Emerald Isle …………………………………………… 36

Unit 9The Clash of the Tartans ……………………………………………… 41

Unit 10London: Open City ………………………………………………………… 46
来る者を拒まない 国際都市

海と太陽に恵まれたヨーロッパ文明の源

政教はどこまで分離できるのか？

文化が甦える 玉手箱 都市

水の都 の水との戦い

フランスが「麗しい」理由

世界を魅了するヨーロッパの 雅タイプが異なる ツー・トップ の競り合い

詩情に満ちた北方の夢の島

個性派都市同士の 負けられない 話

Unit 11

Brussels: A Question of Language ……………………………… 51
現代ヨーロッパの 心臓部

Unit 12

Strasbourg and the European Parliament ………………… 56

Unit 13

Tulips from Amsterdam ………………………………………………… 61

Unit 14

Copenhagen and The Little Mermaid ………………………… 66

Unit 15

Berlin and the New Germany ……………………………………… 71

ヨーロッパの 舵取り役 が集う交通の要所

花心あふれる歴史都市の光と影

メルヘンチックな北欧の玄関「分断」も糧にする屈強な 巨国

Unit 16

The River Rhine ……………………………………………………………… 76

Unit 17

Switzerland: Solid as a Rock………………………………………… 81

Unit 18

Vienna: City of Dreams ………………………………………………… 86
夢見る人は音楽と美食がお好き

Unit 19

Prague and the Velvet Revolution ……………………………… 91
変貌も一味違う「旧東側」の古都Unit 20

The Future of Europe …………………………………………………… 96

栄養分 豊かな欧州大陸の一大水路

そびえ立つヨーロッパの 孤高

波乱万丈のヨーロッパの行方

Unit

Greece: The Cradle of1 European Civilization

ヨーロッパの文明はギリシャに始まります。エーゲ海の温暖な気候と海運の利便に恵まれたこの地域では、ポリス（city-state「都市国家」）と呼ばれる独立した政治体制が互いに競いながら勢力を拡大しました。その影響は、当時の地中海沿岸地域だけでなく、オリンピックなどを通じて現代にも及んでいます。

Warm-up

1-02

音声を聴いて、写真の説明として適切なものを選びましょう。

aExpressionbc1-03

先行する名詞（句）の内容を具体的に例示・紹介する表現には、次のようなものがあります。日本語を参考にして、英語の空所に入る語を下記から選びましょう。

1) countries

as Italy and Turkey「イタリアやトルコといった国々」

2) a city-state

Athens「アテネのような都市国家」

3) several games, for, baseball「いくつかの競技、たとえば野球」

4) humanistic subjects

history and geography「歴史や地理を含む人文科学科目」[ like, including, example, such ]1

Reading Comprehension

1-04

Greece, in south-eastern Europe, enjoys oneof the most stunning landscapes in the world:
mountains, wide skies and blue sea. Indeed, it
is said that when the blue and white stripes of
5 the Greek flag move in the wind, they seem toresemble the waves of the Aegean Sea. It wasin this beautiful land that the earliest civilization
The Acropolis, Athensin Europe began, and one of the many
descriptions of Greece is “the cradle of10 European civilization”.
The history of ancient Greece is both longand complex. Ancient Greece was not actuallya country as it is today; instead, the ancient
Greeks lived in a number of independent city15 states, each with its own government andidentity. Athens, for example, was renowned for
its culture and learning, while its great rival,
The Greek flag flying in the breeze
Sparta, was famous for its discipline andfighting spirit. The Greeks also traveled beyond Greece, and as a result, the traveler
20 will today find many remains of Greek civilization in countries around theMediterranean Sea such as southern Italy and Turkey.
One legacy from ancient Greece is still very much with us today, and that is theOlympic Games. The first recorded Games were held at Olympia in Greece in 776
BC, although it is thought that competitions had been held for some time before that.
25 The Games were an opportunity for the city-states to compete with each otherpeacefully by sending representatives to take part in athletic events and chariot
races.
The Olympic Games died out in the 5th century AD, but the ideal of the Olympics
was revived in the 19th century. The International Olympic Committee was founded
30 in 1894, and the first of the “new” Games took place in Athens two years later. TheOlympic flame or torch, the symbol of the Olympic Games, derives from the ancient
Greek practice of keeping a fire burning for the duration of the Games. Today theOlympic torch is lit at Olympia some months before the Games begin and is thentaken in relays to arrive in the stadium for the start of the Olympic Games.
2Unit 1 Greece: The Cradle of European Civilization

Notesstunning「 す ば ら し い 」 resemble「 似 て い る 」 the Aegean Sea「 エ ー ゲ 海 」 cradle「 ゆ り か ご 」
ancient Greek「古代ギリシャ人」 independent「独立した」 city-state「都市国家」 identity「主体性」
renowned for...「〜で名がとどろく」 Sparta「スパルタ」古代ギリシャの代表的都市国家 remain「なごり」
the Mediterranean Sea「 地 中 海 」 Turkey「 ト ル コ 」 legacy「 遺 産 」 recorded「 記 録 に 残 る 」
Olympia「オリンピア」ペロポネソス半島西部にある古い都市で、古代オリンピックの開催地 competition「競技 」 representative「 代 表 者 」 athletic event「 陸 上 競 技 」 chariot race「 戦 車 レ ー ス 」 The
International Olympic Committee「国際オリンピック委員会」 found「創設する」 Olympic Flame「オリンピック聖火」 derive from...「〜に由来する」 practice「習慣」 duration「期間」 light「採火する」

Exercises
1 Reading Comprehension の内容と合っている場合は T（True）を、合っていない場合は F（False）を記入しましょう。
) The writer says that when the Greek flag moves in the wind, it may look

1. (like the sea.
) It seems the ancient Greeks went to live in different places outside Greece.
) We do not know the date when the first recorded Olympic Games tookplace.
) The Olympic Games were not revived until the 20th century.
) The Olympic flame is first lit in Greece and is then taken to the place
where the Olympic Games are being held.

2. (3. (4. (5. (2 Reading Comprehension にある英語表現について、下線部と同じ意味になるものを選びましょう。
1. (l. 2)...one of the most stunning landscapes...

a. amazing
2. (l. 9)b. interestingc. colourful...“the cradle of European civilization”.

a. history

b. birthplacec. culture

3. (l. 16) ...was renowned for its culture...
a. interested inb. famous forc. happy about

4. (l. 22) One legacy from ancient Greece...
a. sportb. lawc. inheritance

5. (l. 33) ...then taken in relays...
a. in stages

b. in partsc. in time33 [] 内の語句を適切な語順に並べ、英文を完成させましょう。

1. I

because the blue andwhite flag of Greece is flying outside.
[ a, Greek, is, know, restaurant, that ]2. Athens was once a city-state in Ancient Greece, and now it.
[ capital, Greece, is, modern, of, the ]3. When I went to southern Italy Iof many Greek temples.
[ remains, see, surprised, the, to, was ]4. The Olympic Games are named after Olympia,.
[ a, Ancient, famous, Greece, in, place ]5. At the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games,holding the Olympic torch.
[ a, comes, into, runner, stadium, the ]Greece Pinpointed!
紀元前 2,600 年くらいに発祥したとされる古代ギリシャ文明は、紀元前 8 世紀以降、群立した都市国家によるヨーロッパ各地での植民地開拓によって影響力を強めていきました。一方、現在のギリシャは、イギリス・ドイツ・フランスなどの欧州連合（EU）主要国の陰に隠れ、歴史の ʻ脇役ʼ に退いたかに見えます。しかし実は今、この国はヨーロッパや、ひいては世界全体を根底から揺さぶりかねない ʻ火だねʼ を抱えています。それは、国家の財政問題です。
ギリシャの財政赤字は、国民総生産（GDP）の 13％近くにふくらんでいます（2009年末）。EU 主要国の大手銀行はこぞってギリシャに出資しているため、もしもギリシャの財政が破綻すると、他国の銀行は大きな損失を出し、結果的に EU 経済にも多大な悪影響を及ぼすというわけです。そしてヨーロッパ経済の危機は、日本を含む世界経済の危機に直結します。ギリシャは現在もある意味で、ʻ世界の最前線ʼ に位置しているのです。

4

Unit 1 Greece: The Cradle of European Civilization

Dialogue
1 音声を聴いて、下線部に入る語句（各 6 語）を書き取りましょう。

1-05

Hiro is visiting Athens and he is being shown around by a volunteer guide.
Hiro: Thanks very much. I (1).
Maria: You’re very welcome. What did you like best?
Hiro: Well, of course, it was (2)and the other ancient buildings, but I also really enjoyed the market area.
Maria: Yes, it’s very lively and (3).
Hiro: Are you from Athens, Maria?
Maria: Well, actually, I was born in Cyprus, but now I live in Athens full-time,working both as a teacher (4).
Hiro: Sounds great!
Maria: Yes, I like teaching and I really enjoy the guiding because you get(5).
2

1 の会話に関する Q&A を聴いて、適切な答えを選びましょう。

1-06

?

1.
a. The Parthenon.
b. The Parthenon and the market.
c. Neither the Parthenon nor the market.

?

2.
a. When it opens.
b. Where it is located.
c. What the atmosphere is like.

?

3.
a. In Cyprus.

b. In Athens.

c. In America.

?

4.
a. One.

b. Two.

c. Three.

?

5.
a. The pay is good.

b. It is good exercise.

5c. She meets a variety of people.