IPPF cfO{kLkLPkm M 5gf]6af6 ;Defjgfsf] b'lgof“lt/of}g clwsf/;DaGwL
cfO{kLkLPkm 3f]if0ff–kqof}g clwsf/ M dfgj clwsf/

Sexual Rights: Human Rightsof}g clwsf/ M dfgj clwsf/

Sexual Rights: Human Rightsof}g clwsf/ M dfgj clwsf/

Sexual Rights: Human Rightsof}g clwsf/ M dfgj clwsf/of}g clwsf/ M dfgj clwsf/of}g clwsf/ M dfgj clwsf/of}g clwsf/ M dfgj clwsf/

Sexual Rights: Human Rights
Sexual Rights: Human Rights
Sexual Rights: Human Rights
Sexual Rights: Human Rights
Sexual Rights: Human Rights

Who we are

IPPF is a global service provider and a leading advocate of sexual andreproductive health and rights for all. We are a worldwide movement of
national organizations working with and for communities and individuals.
We work towards a world where women, men and young people
everywhere have control over their own bodies, and therefore theirdestinies. A world where they are free to choose parenthood or not; free
to decide how many children they will have and when; free to pursue
healthy sexual lives without fear of unwanted pregnancies and sexuallytransmitted infections, including HIV.
A world where gender or sexuality are no longer a source of inequality or
stigma. We will not retreat from doing everything we can to safeguard
these important choices and rights for current and future generations.

cfˆg} af/]df
cfO{kLkLPkm of}g tyf k|hgg clwsf/ tyf ;a}sf nflu clwsf/sf] nflu
cu|0fL k}/jLstf{ Pjd\ ljZje/ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] clwsf/jfbL ;+:yf xf] .
of] JolSt / ;d'bfo;Fu pgLx¿s} nflu sfd ug]{ /fli6«o ;+:yfx¿sf]
ljZjJofkL cfGbf]ng xf] .
xfdL hxf“ h'g;'s} 7fp“sf eP tfklg dlxnf, k'?if, / o'jfju{sf] cfkm\gf]
z/L/dflysf] lgoGq0f x'g] ljZjsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu sfd u5f}{F / To;}n] g}
ltgsf] cj;/o'Qm eljiosf lglDt sfd u5f}{F . To:tf] ;+;f/ hxf“ pgLx¿
afa'cfdf aGg] ls gaGg] eGg] 5gf]6 ug{ :jtGq x'G5g\, :jtGqtfk"j{s slt
aRrf slxn] kfpg] eGg] lg0f{o ug{ ;S5g\, clglR5t uef{wfg jf Pr\cfO{eLnufotsf of}ghGo /f]usf] ;+qmd0fsf] 8/ljgf :j:y of}g hLjg af“Rg kfp“5g\. To:tf] ;+;f/ hxf“ ln+u / of}lgstfnfO{ nf~5gf / c;dfgtfsf] ;|f]tsf ¿kdfgx]l/Psf] xf];\ . jt{dfg tyf efjL k':tfsf oL clt g} dxŒjk"0f{ 5gf]6 /clwsf/sf] /Iffsf lglDt xfdLn] ug{ ;Sg] ofjt s'/f ug{ xfdL kl5 kg]{ 5}gf}+ .

Contents

Foreword
History
Executive summary
Sexual rights: an IPPF declaration
Preamble
General principles
Sexual rights are human rights related to sexuality
References and notes
Endnotes

i
ii
iv
ix
10
12
16
22
23

ljifo;"lrk|fSsygOltxf;
ljifo ;+If]kof}g clwsf/;DaGwL cfO{kLkLPkm 3f]if0ffkq
k|:tfjgf;fdfGo l;4fGtx¿of}g clwsf/ of}lgstf;DaGwL dfgj clwsf/;Gbe{ / l6Kk0fL
k'5«] l6Kk0fL

Foreword
Sexuality is a natural and precious aspect of life, an essential
and fundamental part of our humanity. For people to attain thehighest standard of health, they must first be empowered toexercise choice in their sexual and reproductive lives; theymust feel confident and safe in expressing their own sexual
identity.
Today, discrimination, stigma, fear and violence pose real
threats to many people. These threats and the actions they
trigger – ranging from disheartening to life-threatening in nature– prevent many people from attaining basic sexual rights andhealth. IPPF is committed to fulfilling its goals through anapproach that embodies the principles of universality,interrelatedness, interdependence andindivisibility of all human rights. We will do all we can to ensurethat sexual rights – human rights – are respected through ourown service provision and advocacy, and also in the wider
public sphere.
Sexual Rights: An IPPF Declaration represents the culminationof more than two years of work that spanned the globe. Its
development was guided by a diverse group of individuals:
internationally-renowned experts in sexual and reproductive
health, human rights, law and public health; senior IPPF
volunteers, each of whom brought unique regional perspectives
and who together represented a range of experience andstrengths; and three senior directors of the IPPF secretariat.
The Declaration developed through regional meetings andevents that took place across the Federation and built on the
IPPF Charter of Sexual and Reproductive Rights. While there
has already been some progress toward meeting theMillennium Development Goals and the targets of the 1994
ICPD (International Conference on Population andDevelopment) Programme of Action, there is still much work to
be done.

Sexual rights are a component of human rights, they are an
evolving set of entitlements related to sexuality that contributeto the freedom, equality and dignity of all people, and theycannot be ignored. We must persevere; we must be
uncompromising and passionate in our efforts to decrease
stigma and improve access to services, and to increase
recognition of sexuality as a positive aspect ofhuman life. Marginalized groups such as young people,
transgender people, sex workers, men having sex with men,people who are gay, lesbian or bi-sexual, child brides and girlmothers particularly need our compassion. The Declaration
applies equally to girls and women who are vulnerable to or
have been subjected to gender-based violence, including
traditional norms such as female genital
mutilation and discrimination based on male preference.
Sexual Rights: An IPPF Declaration is an indispensable tool forall organizations, activists, researchers, policy- and decisionmakers who are working to promote and ensure human rights.
The Declaration will enable members of the sexual andreproductive health and human rights communities to createchange and build on the momentum that has already begunaround sexual rights in preparation for the next International
Conference on Population and Development in 2015.
Too often denied and too long neglected, sexual rights deserve
our attention and priority. It is time to respect them. It is time todemand them.
We trust that the Declaration will serve you well on the journeyahead.
Jacqueline
Sharpe,President of IPPF

k|fSsygof}lgstf hLjgsf] k|fs[lts tyf cToGt cfsif{s kIf xf] / of] dfgjtfsf] cTofZos Pjd\ df}lns efu xf] . dflg;x¿sf
nflu :jf:Yosf] ;jf]{Rr:t/ k|fKt ug{ cfkm\gf hLjgdf of}g tyf k|hgg clwsf/nfO{ 5gf]6 ug{ kfpgsf nflu ;j{k|ydpgLx¿sf] ;zlQms/0fsf] cfjZostf x'G5, / pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] of}lgs klxrfg cleJoQm ug{ cfTdljZjf; tyf ;'/Iffsf]
cg'ej ug{ kfpg'k5{ .
cr]n w]/} dflg;sf cufl8 e]befj, ufnLunf}h, eo, qf; / lx+;f h:tf s'/f jf:tljs r'gf}tLsf] ¿kdf v8f ePsf 5g\ /o:tf r'gf}tL / ltgn] ult lbPsf lqmofsnfk :jefjn] b'?T;flxt ug]{ tyf hLjgnfO{ g} r'gf}tL lbg] vfnsf 5g\ eg] ltgn]
cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo tyf of}g clwsf/ pkef]u ug{ cj/f]w l;h{gf u5{g\ . cfO{kLkLPkm ljZjJofkstf, cGt;{DaGw, cGtlg{e/tftyf ;a} k|sf/sf dfgj clwsf/sf] cljefHotf h:tf l;4fGtleq cGtlg{lxt /x]sf ljlwx¿sf] dfWodaf6 cfkm\gf nIo k"/fug{ k|lta4 5 . xfdL cfkm\gf ;]jf / jsfntsf dfWodaf6 of}g clwsf/ –dfgj clwsf/– sf] ;DdfgnfO{ k|Tofe"t ug{
cfk"mn] ;Sg] ;Dk"0f{ sfd ug]{5f}+ .

of}g clwsf/;DaGwL cfO{kLkLPkm 3f]if0ffn] b'O{ jif{eGbf a9L nfdf] cjlw;Dd ljZje/df ul/Psf u[xsfo{sf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5. o;sf] ljsf;qmddf ljleGg JolStx¿ ;lDdlnt ljljwtfo'Qm ;d"xsf] lgb]{zg k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . To; ;d"xdf of}g tyf
k|hgg :jf:Yo, dfgj clwsf/, sfg'g tyf ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo If]qsf nAwk|ltli7t ljz]if1x¿, cfkm\g}vfn] ljlzi6 If]qLokl/k|]Iox¿;lxt cfPsf cfO{kLkLPkmsf cg'ejL / ;zSt jl/i7 :jod\;]jLx¿ / tLghgf cfO{kLkLPkmsf jl/i7 lgb]{zsx¿lyP . of] 3f]if0ff cfO{kLkLPkm nufot cGo;Fu ul/Psf ljleGg If]qLo a}7sx¿ tyf cGo sfo{qmdaf6 ljsl;t ePsf] xf] /of}g tyf k|hgg clwsf/;DaGwL cfO{kLkLPkm a8fkqsf] cfwf/df ag]sf] xf] . ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo tyf !(($ df ;DkGg
cfO{;L8LkL -hg;+Vof tyf ljsf;;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng_ sfo{qmdsf nIox¿ k|fKt ug{ s]xL k|ult ePtf klg o;sf
nflu cem} w]/} sfd ug{ af“sL 5 .
of}g clwsf/ dfgj clwsf/sf 36s tTj x'g\ . ltgLx¿ ;a} dflg;sf] :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf, / :jfledfgnfO{ sfod /fVg
d2t ug]{ of}lgstf;Fu ;DalGwt clwsf/x¿sf ljsl;t x'Fb} u/]sf ;dli6ut¿k ePsfn] ltgnfO{ kG5fpg ldNb}g . xfdL
lgjf{w ultdf -persevere_ cl3 a9\g}k5{, nf~5gf 36fpg] / ;]jfsf] kx'“rdf ;'wf/ ug]{ tyf of}lgstfnfO{ dfgj hLjgsf];sf/fTds kIfsf ¿kdf dfGotf lbnfpg] sfddf w}o{zLn / ;Demf}tfljxLg x'g}k5{ . o'jf, kf/–n}+lus -transgender_
JolSt, of}gsdL{, k'?if;Fu ;Def]u ug]{ k'?if, k'?if ;dln+uL -gay_, dlxnf ;dln+uL -lesbian_, b'j}ln+uL -bisexual_
gfaflnsf b'nxL, sGg]s]6L cfdf -girl mothers) x¿h:tf ;LdfGts[t ;d"xnfO{ vf;u/L xfd|f] ;xfg'e"ltsf] cfjZostf x'G5
. of] 3f]if0ff n}+lus cfwf/df ul/g] lx+;fåf/f kLl8t of hf]lvddf k/]sf s]6L of dlxnfsf] xsdf ;dfg¿kn] nfu" x'G5 . o:tf]
lx+;fdf k'?ifnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg]vfnsf] e]befjd"ns Jojxf/ of dlxnfsf] of]lgR5]bg ug]{h:tf k/Dk/fut rng klg kb{5g\.
of}g clwsf/;DaGwL cfO{kLkLPkm 3f]if0ff dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Dj4{g tyf k|Tofe"ltsf nflu sfo{/t ;a} ;+3;+:yf,
clwsf/sdL{, cg';Gwfgstf{, gLltlgdf{tf tyf lg0f{ostf{sf nflu cTofjZos xltof/ xf] . o; 3f]if0ffn] of}g tyf k|hgg:jf:Yo / dfgj clwsf/sf If]qdf sfo{/t ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿nfO{ of}g clwsf/sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df o:tf] kl/jt{g ug{ / ;f]sf
nflu zlQm lgdf{0f ug{ ;Ifd t'NofO{ @)!% df x'g] csf]{ cfO{;L8LkL -hg;+Vof tyf ljsf;;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng_ sf]
tof/Lsf nflu klg d2t k'¥ofPsf] 5 .
w]/}k6ssf] OGsf/ / w]/} nfdf] ;do;Ddsf] x]nrqm\ofO{+sf afjh"b of}g clwsf/n] xfd|f] k|fyldstf k|fKt u/]sf] 5 /Wofgfsif{0f u/]sf] 5 . ca To;nfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ ;do cfPsf] 5 . ca To;sf] dfu ug]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 .
o; 3f]if0ffn] cufl8sf] ofqfdf xfdLnfO{ /fd|} ;fy lbg]5 eGg] xfdL ljZjf; ub{5f}+ .
Hofslng Zffk{, cWoIf, cfO{kLkLPkm

History
In November 2006, IPPF’s highest decision-making body –the Governing Council – created aPanel on Sexual Rights
with the mandate to guide and support the Federation indeveloping a declaration of sexual rights.
It was envisaged that the declaration would build on the IPPF Charter on Sexual and Reproductive
Rights, a landmark document that proved enormously popular and successfully advanced theintegration of human rights throughout IPPF’s services and advocacy work. Recent work on sexual
rights by the IPPF Western Hemisphere Region also contributed to the development of thedeclaration.
Finally in May 2008, the Declaration was presented and adopted by the Governing Council of IPPF.
The Panel on Sexual Rights included senior IPPF volunteers and staff from all six IPPF regions andinternationally renowned experts in sexual and reproductive health and rights from around the world.
The members of the panel were:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
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Mariem Mint Ahmed Aich• a
Governing Council Member, Mauritania
Hossam Bahgat
Director of the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights, Egypt
Dr Carmen Barroso
Regional Director, IPPF/WHR
Gert-Inge Brander
Governing Council Member, Sweden
Professor Paul Hunt
UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health
Dr Alice Miller
Columbia University/Berkeley Law at University ofCalifornia, USA
Madhu Bala NathRegional Director, IPPF/SARODr Naomi Mmapelo Seboni
Governing Council Member, Botswana
Dr Nono Simelela
Director of Technical Knowledge and Support
Tang Kun
Governing Council Member, China
Dr Esther Vicente (Chair)
Governing Council Member, Puerto Rico
Dr Gill Greer (Ex-officio)
Director-General of IPPF
Dr Jacqueline Sharpe (Ex-officio)
IPPF PresidentOltxf;Gf]fe]Da/ @))^ df, cfO{kLkLPkmsf] ;af]{Rr lg0f{ostf{ c+u, uelg{ª sfplG;n, n] of}g
clwsf/sf] 3f]if0ff tof/ ug{ dxf;+3nfO{ dfu{lgb]{z tyf ;xof]u ug{sf nflu of}g
clwsf/;DaGwL Ps Kofgn v8f u/]sf] lyof] .
of}g tyf k|hgg clwsf/;DaGwL cfO{kLkLPkm a8fkqsf] cfwf/df g} 3f]if0ffkq tof/ ug'{k5{eGg] kl/sNkgfcg'¿k tof/ ul/Psf] Ps b:tfj]h cfO{kLkLPkmsf ;]jf / jsfnt sfo{dfdfgj clwsf/nfO{ cem pGgt kf/]/ PsLs[t t'Nofpg ;kmn eof] / of]] b:tfj]h Ps k|sf/sf]df]8 klg ;fljt eof] . cfO=kL=kL=Pkm=sf] klZrdL uf]nf4{ If]qn] of}g clwsf/sf If]qdf xfn}u/]sf sfdx¿n] klg 3f]if0ffsf] ljsf;df of]ubfg u/]sf] 5 . cGttM @))* sf] d] dxLgfdf
3f]if0ff k|:t't ul/of] / cfO{kLkLPkmsf] uelg{ª sfplG;nn] o;nfO{ c+uLsf/ u¥of] .
of}g clwsf/;DaGwL Kofgndf cfO{kLkLPkmsf 5 j6} If]qsf jl/i6 :jod\;]js tyf sd{rf/L
Pjd\ ljZjsf of}g tyf k|hgg :jf:Yo / clwsf/sf If]qdf Voltk|fKt ljz]if1x¿ /x]sf lyP .
Kofgnsf ;b:ox¿ lgDgfg';f/ lyP M–• dl/od ld06 cxdb cfOrfuelg{ª sfplG;n ;b:o, df}l/6flgof• xf]:;fd jxuftlgb]{zs, OlhlK;og Olgl;Pl6e km/ k;{gn /fO6\;, OlhK6• 8f= sfd]{g af/f];f]If]qLo lgb]{zs, cfO{kLkLPkm÷8An'Pr\cf/• u]6{–O+u a|f08/
uelg{ª sfplG;n ;b:o, l:j8]g• k|f]= kn x06:jf:Yo clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljz]if k|ltj]bs• 8f= Pln; ldn/
Sf]nlDaof ljZjljBfno÷as{n] n P6\ Soflnkmf]lg{of o'lgel;{6L, cd]l/sf• dw' afnf gfy
If]qLo lgb]{zs, cfO{kLkLPkm÷P;\Pcf/cf]• 8f= gfcf]dL Ddfk]nf] ;]af]gL
uelg{ª sfplG;n ;b:o, af]T:jfgf• 8f= gf]gf] l;d]n]nflgb]{zs, 6]lSgsn gn]h P08 ;kf]6{• Tffª s'guelg{ª sfplG;n ;b:o, rLg• 8f= P:y/ le;]06 -cWoIf_uelg{ª sfplG;n ;b:o, Kof]6f]{ l/sf]• 8f= lun u|L/ -kb]g_
dxflgb]{zs, cfO{kLkLPkm• 8f= Hofslng zfk{ -kb]g_
cWoIf, cfO{kLkLPkm

At the very first meeting in January 2007,
Panel members agreed that the developmentof a declaration of sexual rights was
fundamental to the realization of IPPF’s visionand mission. While the IPPF Charter on
Sexual and Reproductive Rights had broken
new ground across the Federation, since 1994
(when the Charter was published) new issues
and areas of concern had since emerged andthere was a clear need to explore aspects ofsexuality and identify sexual rights that were
fragile, ignored or considered ambiguous by
many. The Charter gave rise to an increased
awareness of the differences between sexual
rights and reproductive rights; this awarenessbrought about the need for a code of practicespecifically around sexuality. The Panelagreed that the Declaration would lead to
improved health and well-being for IPPF’s
clients and would contribute to the attainmentof the Millennium Development Goals.
The process of developing a declaration ofsexual rights was, in itself, an internal
advocacy tool for the Federation. Through adiversity of engagements at the national,
regional and international levels, thedevelopment of the Declaration has enhanced
the Federation’s volunteers’ and staff’s
comprehension of the nature of human rights,
the nature of human rights related to sexuality,
as well as the differences and commonalities
between sexual rights and reproductive rights.
The discussions among experts generated
new knowledge about the importance ofsexual rights to the enjoyment of the highest
attainable standard of physical and mental
health, and the interrelationship between
sexual rights and the rights to development,
freedom, equality and dignity. This knowledge
is embodied in the Declaration. Throughout
the development of the Declaration, the needto take into account the cultural differences
and the religious backgrounds of countries inthe different regions was a recurrent concern.
Members of the Panel presented different andsometimes conflicting perspectives on sexual
rights as human rights. At the same time,
participants welcomed the opportunity to talk
openly about issues
related to sexuality – including culture andreligion, child marriage, sex workers rights,

genderidentity,
sexualorientation,
reproductive technologies – which theFederation confronts in its work every day, at
all levels.
The IPPF Regions each explored sexual rights
within the context of their own histories andcultural experiences.
These experiences also contributed to the
Declaration. The Arab World held a meeting inMay 2007 in Rabat, which resulted in a
Declaration on Sexual and Reproductive
Rights.
The European Network held a workshop on
gay, lesbian and transgender issues in June
2007, which included experts such as theEuropean President of the International
Lesbian Gay Association (ILGA) for Europe.
The draft Declaration and sexual rights werediscussed at the Africa Regional Council, andthe joint Regional Council meeting of theSouth Asia Region and the East and South
East Asia and Oceania Region. At theWestern Hemisphere Regional Council,
participants engaged in a discussion that was
led by a panel of experts composed of Sonia
Correa, Human Rights Activist, Anthony
Romero, Executive Director of the American
Civil Liberties Union, and Humberto Arango
from Western Hemisphere Regional Office.
Like the Arab World attendees at Rabat, theWestern Hemisphere delegates issued adeclaration. At each regional meeting, theDirector-General of IPPF spoke about the
Declaration of Sexual Rights and participatedin subsequent discussions.
In November 2007, the Panel presented adraft of Sexual Rights: An IPPF Declaration to
the Governing Council and asked members of
the Council and staff and governing membersof Regional Offices and Member Associations
for their comments, which were considered in
the preparation of the final document. The
Declaration was presented and approved by
the Governing Council in May 2008.
With the Declaration as an invaluable co-pilot,
IPPF hopes to help create a world in which thefreedom, equality and dignity of all people are
guaranteed, especially in the areas of theirlives related to sexuality.

hgj/L @))& df ;DkGg klxnf] a}7sdf Kofgnsf ;b:ox¿n] cfO{kLkLPkmsf Wo]o / b[li6sf]0fnfO{ dggug{sf nflu of}g clwsf/;DaGwL 3f]if0ff tof/ ug'{ cfjZos 5 eGg] s'/f d~h'/ u/] . of}g tyf k|hgg
clwsf/;DaGwL cfO{kLkLPkm a8fkqn] cfO{kLkLPkm dxf;+3sf] j[QeGbf aflx/ klg gof“ cfwf/ tof/ u/]sf]lyof], a8fkq k|sflzt ePsf] !(($ sf] jif{df gof“ ljifo / rf;f]sf gof“ If]q klg b]vf k/] . caof}lgstfsf ljljw kIfx¿ / cToGt sdhf]/ cj:yfdf /x]sf, j]jf:tf ul/Psf jf w]/} dflg;n] w]/} cy{nfUg] vfnsf eG7fg]sf of}g clwsf/x¿sf] klxrfg ug'[{ kg]{ 68\sf/f] cfjZostf b]vf k¥of] . a8fkqn] of}g
clwsf/ / k|hgg clwsf/sf aLrdf km/s 5 eGg] r]tgf j[l4 u¥of]], o; r]tgfn] vf;u/L of}lgstfsf]
cEof;sf nflu cfrf/;+lxtf cfjZos /x]5 eGg] b]vfOlbof] . o; 3f]if0ffn] :jf:Yodf ;'wf/ tyf
cfO{kLkLPkmsf ;]jfu|fxLsf] lxttkm{ cu|;/ u/fpg]tkm{ nfUg] ePsfn] ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo k"/f ug{of]ubfg ug]{5 eGg] s'/f Kofgnn] :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 .
of}g clwsf/;DaGwL 3f]if0ff tof/ ug]{ k|lqmof dxf;+3df lglDt :jod\df Ps cfGtl/s jsfntsf] ;fwglyof] . /fli6«o, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o:t/df cfof]hgf ul/Psf ljleGg sfo{qmdsf] dfWodaf6 3f]if0ffsf]
ljsf; eof] / o;n] dxf;+3sf :jod\;]js tyf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ dfgj clwsf/sf] Jofkstf, of}lgstfsf];Gbe{df dfgj clwsf/sf] :jefj tyf of}g clwsf/ / k|hgg clwsf/sf aLrsf leGgtf / ;dfgtf
a'em\gdf yk d2t u¥of] . lj1x¿sf aLrsf] 5nkmnn] zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s :jf:Yosf] pRrtd:t/ k|fKt
ug{ of}g clwsf/sf] dxŒj, of}g clwsf/ / ljsf;, :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf / :jfledfgsf] clwsf/sf aLrsf]
cGt;{DaGwsf af/] gof“ 1fgsf] l;h{gf u¥of] . o; 1fgnfO{ 3f]if0ffdf cleJoQm ul/Psf] 5 .
3f]if0ffsf] ljsf; qmddf ljleGg If]q Pjd\ b]zsf ;f+:s[lts / wfld{s k[i7e"ldnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg] s'/f
af/Daf/ rf;f]sf] ljifo aGg k'u]sf] lyof] . Kofgnsf ;b:ox¿n] dfgj clwsf/ / of}g clwsf/af/]slxn]sfxLF ljleGg lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ ts{ k|:t't u/]sf lyP . o;/L g} ;xefuLx¿n] dxf;+3n] cfkm\gf b}lgs
sfdsf l;nl;nfdf ljleGgtxdf r'gf}tL v]lk/x]sf] of}lgstfnufot ;+:s[lt tyf wd{, afnljjfx,of}gsdL{sf] clwsf/, n}+lus klxrfg, of}g cled'vLs/0f, k|hgg k|ljlw cflbaf/] v'n]/ af]Ng] s'/fnfO{ :jfutu/]sf lyP .
If]qLo cfO{kLkLPkmx¿n] of}g clwsf/nfO{ cfcfkm\gf If]qLo Oltxf; / ;f+:s[lts cg'ejx¿sf] cfnf]sdfvf]h] . o:tf cg'ejn] klg 3f]if0ffsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . cfO{=kL=kL=Pkm= c/a hut\n] @))&d] dxLgfdf /faftdf Ps a}7s u/L of}g tyf k|hgg clwsf/;DaGwL 3f]if0ff tof/ ug{ ;kmn eof] .
o'/f]k]nL ;~hfnn] ;g\ @))& sf] h"g dlxgfdf k'?if ;dln+uL], dlxnf ;dln+uL / kf/n}+lustf;DaGwL Ps
sfo{zfnf cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . o;df o'/f]ksf nflu cGt/f{li6«o ;dln+uL ;+3sf cWoIfnufotsf lj1x¿
klg ;xefuL lyP . d:of}bf 3f]if0ff / of}g clwsf/nfO{ clk|msL If]qLo kl/ifb\ tyf blIf0f Pl;of, k"j{ /k"j{blIf0f Pl;of Pjd\ cf];lgofsf] ;+o'St If]qLo kl/ifb\sf a}7sx¿df 5nkmndf NofOPsf] lyof] . klZrdL
uf]Nff4{sf] If]qLo kl/ifb\df ePsf] 5nkmndf dfgj clwsf/sdL{ ;f]lgof sf]l/of, cd]l/sL gful/s :jtGqtf
o'lgogsf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs PGyf]gL /f]d]/f], klZrdL uf]Nff4{sf] If]qLo sfof{nosf xDa6f]{ cf/fª\uf] h:tf
lj1x¿sf]] Kofgnn] g]t[Tj u/]sf] lyof] . /faftsf c/a d'n'ssf ;xefuLx¿n]e}Fm klZrdL uf]Nff4{sf;xefuLx¿n] klg 3f]if0ffkq hf/L u/] . k|To]sIf]qLo a}7sdf cfO{kLkLPkmsf dxflgb]{zsn] qmda4
5nkmndf efu lng'sf ;fy} of}g clwsf/sf ;DaGwdf af]n]sf lyP .
@))& sf] Gff]e]Da/ dxLgfdf ;f] Kofgnn] uelg{ª sfplG;n;dIf of}g clwsf/;DaGwL cfO{kLkLPkm
3f]if0ffsf] d:of}bf k|:t't u¥of] / If]qLo sfof{nosf uelg{ª ;b:ox¿ tyf sd{rf/Lx¿ clg ;b:o;+3x¿nfO{ cfkm\gf l6Kk0fL / ;'emfj lbg cfu|x u¥of] . tL l6Kk0fL / ;'emfj b:tfj]hnfO{ clGtd¿k lbFbf
pkof]u ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] b:tfj]h @))* sf] d] dlxgfdf k|:t't u/L uelg{ª sfplG;nåf/f :jLs[tul/Psf] lyof] .
o; 3f]if0ffnfO{ clt dxŒjk"0f{ k|flKt 7fGb} vf;u/L] of}lgstf;Fu ;DalGwt hLjgdf ;a} dflg;sf]:jtGqtf, ;dfgtf / :jfledfg k|Tofe"t ug]{ ljZj l;h{gf ug{ d2t ldNg]5 eGg] s'/fdf cfO{=kL=kL=Pkm=
cfzfjfbL 5 .

Executive summary
Sexual Rights: An IPPF
Declaration is grounded incore international humanrightsinstruments,
authoritative interpretationsof international standards
and additional entitlements
related to human sexualitythat IPPF believes are
implicit in them.
The Declaration is in accordance withinternational agreements to which IPPF
ascribes. The framework of the
Declaration is already broadly embodied inmany existing IPPF and Member Associations
publications and reflects the mission, visionand values of IPPF. The Declaration is
informedbythefindings
andrecommendations of several UN treaty bodies
and UN Special Rapporteurs, particularly the2004 report of the Special Rapporteur on the
Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of
Health. It was developed by a panel of experts
including internationally recognized leaders in
the field of sexual and reproductive health andhuman rights, such as Paul Hunt, UN Special
Rapporteur on the Right to Health. This
executive summary is not meant to serve as
an alternative to the Declaration, but as an
introduction to the different sections of the
Declaration and its contents. The full
Declaration should always accompany thisexecutive summary so that full details of thesexual rights and their background are readily
available.
Sexual Rights: An IPPF Declaration contains
three parts:• A preamble which introduces the concept of
the Declaration in the context of IPPF’s
mission andvision,theinternational
agreements and documents relating to sexualand reproductive health and rights and humanrights, and also outlines the basic intention of
the human rights framework.
• Seven guiding principles which provide aframework for all the sexual rights included in
the Declaration and will inform and ensure
respect, protection and advancement of sexual
rights within the Federation.
Sexual rights fall within the canon of humanrights which is both universal and indivisible,
and they are in accordance with the principles
of non-discrimination.
• The final part, ‘Sexual rights are humanrights related to sexuality’, outlines the ten
sexual rights. Sexual rights are constituted bya set of entitlements related to sexuality thatemanate from the rights to freedom, equality,
privacy, autonomy, integrity and dignity of all
people.
While the significance of national and regional
particularities and diverse historical, culturaland religious backgrounds must be borne inmind, organizations and individuals working in
all regions of the world can incorporate theframework and underlying principles of the
Declaration into their activities, services and/or
programmes. This will aid any efforts topromote, defend and advance sexual rights.
Convinced that this comprehensive andintegrated human rights based approach tosexuality and sexual health will promote therealization of sexual rights as an aspect of
global justice, development and health, weaffirm the principles that follow:

ljifo ;+If]]kof}g clwsf/M cfO{kLkLPkm 3f]if0ffkq cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ ;lGwx¿ /cGo j}wflgs Joj:yf, dfgj of}lgstfsf] k|;+udf nfu" x'g] cltl/St
Joj:yfx¿ / To:tf cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08af/] cflwsfl/s JofVof interpretations_ x¿sf cfwf/df tof/ ePsf] xf] .
of] 3f]if0ff cfO{kLkLPkmn] :jLsf/ u/]sf cGt/f{li6«o ;Demf}tfx¿ cg'¿k 5 . 3f]if0ffsf] 9f“rfcfO{kLkLPkm / o;sf ;b:o;+3x¿sf k|sfzgx¿df cfPsf] 5 / To;df cfO{kLkLPkmsf] Wo]o,b[l6sf]0f / d"NodfGotf k|ltljlDat ePsf 5g\ . o;sf nflu ;+o'St /fi6«;+3sf cg]sf}+ ;lGwsf
c+ux¿ / k|ltj]bsx¿n] 5'6\ofPsf ljifo / ul/Psf l;kmfl/zx¿df cGtlg{lxt ;"rgfx¿sf] klg;xof]u lnOPsf] 5 . o;dWo]df vf;u/L dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf ljz]if k|ltj]bssf] :jf:Yo;DaGwL
pRrtd dfkb08 k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/;DaGwL k|ltj]bg -@))$_ kb{5 . of] 3f]if0ff kn x06 h:tf of}gtyf k|hgg tyf dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf cGt/f{li6«o:t/d} Vofltk|fKt g]tfx¿ / ;+o'St /fi6«;+3Lo
dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf :jf:Yo clwsf/;DaGwL ljz]if k|ltj]bsnufotsf ljz]if1x¿sf] 6f]nL Kofgn_ n] ljsl;t u/]sf] xf] . o; ljifo;+If]knfO{ 3f]if0ffsf] ljsNksf ¿kdf glnO{ 3f]if0ffsf
ljleGg v08x¿ / ljifoj:t'sf] kl/ro lbg] ;fwgsf ¿kdf lng'kb{5 . of}g clwsf/sf ofjt\
ljifoj:t' / ltgsf] k[i7e"ld ;lhn} pknAw xf]pmg\ eGg] pb]Zon] o; ljifo;+If]ksf ;fy} 3f]if0ffsf]
k"0f{ kf7;d]t pknAw x'g]5 .
of}g clwsf/;DaGwL cfO{kLkLPkm 3f]if0ffkqdf tLg efu 5g\M
 k|:tfjgfM o; efun] of}g tyf k|hgg clwsf/;DaGwL cfO{kLkLPkmsf Wo]o / b[li6sf]0f,
cGt/f{li6«o ;Demf}tfx¿ / b:tfj]hx¿sf] ;Gbe{df 3f]if0ffsf] cjwf/0ffsf] kl/ro lbG5 /o;n] dfgj clwsf/ km|]djs{sf cfwf/e"t cfzox¿ klg k|:t't u/]sf] 5 .
 ;ft lgb]{zs l;4fGtM o;n] dxf;+3leq 3f]if0ffdf /x]sf of}g clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f /cu|ufldtf k|Tofe"t ug{sf nflu +/rgfTds 9f“rf k|:t't ub{5 . of}g clwsf/ dfgj
clwsf/sf] If]qleq kb{5 . of] cljefHo tyf ljZjJofkL 5 / e]befj gug]{ l;4fGtcg'¿klgdf{0f ePsf] 5 .
 of}g clwsf/ of}lgstf;Fu ;DalGwt dfgj clwsf/M ;DaGwL of] clGtd efun] ;a} JolStsf:jtGqtf, ;dfgtf, uf]kgLotf, :jfoQtf, cv08tf tyf :jfledfgh:tf clwsf/x¿sf];dli6af6 lgM;[t b; of}g clwsf/sf] ¿k/]vf k|:t't u/]sf] 5 .
/fli6«o jf If]qLo ljlzi6tf, ljljw P]ltxfl;s, ;f+:s[lts / wfld{s k[i7e"ldsf] dxŒjnfO{ b[li6ut
u/L ljZjsf ;a} If]qdf sfo{/t JolSt tyf ;+:yfx¿n] o; 3f]if0ffdf cGtlg{lxt l;4fGtx¿ /;+/rgfTds ¿k/]vfnfO{ cfkm\gf lqmofsnfk, ;]jf /÷jf sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ug{;S5g\ . o;n] of}g
clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f, k|lt/Iff tyf cu|ufldtfsf k|of;df d2t k'¥ofpg]5 .
of] Jofks / PsLs[t dfgj clwsf/ ljlwdf cfwfl/t clwsf/ xf] / j}lZjs Gofo, ljsf; /:jf:Yosf] ljifosf ¿kdf of}lgstf tyf of}g :jf:YonfO{ lnO{{ ;Dj4{g ug{'k5{ eGg] dx;'; ub}{,
xfdL lgDgfg';f/sf l;4fGtx¿ hf/L ub{5fF}+M

Principle 1 Sexuality is an integral part of theparenthood of every human being, for thisreason a favourable environment in which
everyone may enjoy all sexual rights as part ofthe process of development must be createdSexuality is an integral part of the personhoodof every human being in all societies. Whileindividuals
experience
theirsexualities
throughout their lives in ways that vary
according to inner and external factors, humanrights related to sexuality, their protection andpromotion should be part of the daily existenceof all individuals, everywhere.
In addition, sexuality should be recognized asa positive aspect of life. Sexual rights areuniversal human rights based on the inherent
freedom, dignity and equality of all humanbeings.
In accordance with the Charter on Sexual andReproductive Rights, IPPF affirms that theperson is the central subject of development
and recognizes the importance of creating afavourable environment in which every
individual may enjoy all sexual rights in order
to be able to take an active part in processesof economic, social, cultural and politicaldevelopment. Sexuality is an aspect of humanand social life which is engaged always withthe body, the mind, politics, health and society.
Principle 2 The rights and protections
guaranteed to people under age eighteen
differ from those of adults, and must take into
account the evolving capacities of theindividual child to exercise rights on his or her
own behalf.
IPPF understands that the rights andprotections guaranteed to people under age
eighteen (18), as a matter of international andnational law, sometimes differ from the rights
of adults. These differences relate to all
aspects of human rights but require particularapproaches in regard to sexual rights. IPPF
begins from the premise that persons undereighteen (18) are rights holders, and that at
different points within the spectrum of infancy,
childhood, and adolescence, certain rights andprotections will have greater or lesser
relevance.
In addition, the principle of evolving capacity
combines respect for children, their dignity andentitlement to protection from all forms ofharm, while also acknowledging the value of
their own contribution towards their protection.
Societies must create environments in whichchildren can achieve their optimal capacities
and where greater respect is given to theirpotential for participation in, and responsibility
for, decision-making in their own lives.
Principle 3 Non-discrimination underlines all
human rights protection and promotion.

IPPF understands that a framework of nondiscrimination underlines all human rights
protection and promotion. This framework of
non-discrimination prohibits any distinction,
exclusion or restriction on the basis of sex,age,
gender,genderidentity, sexual
orientation, marital status, sexual history or
behaviour, real or imputed, race, colour,
ethnicity, language, religion, political or other
opinion, national or social origin, property,
birth, physical or mental disability, healthstatus, including HIV/AIDS, and civil, political,
social or other status which has the purpose oreffect of impairing or nullifying the recognition,
enjoyment or exercise on an equal basis withothers, of all human rights and fundamental
freedoms in the political, economic, social,
cultural, civil or any other field.
Individuals experience different barriers to thefulfillment of their sexual rights. Substantive
equality requires these barriers to be removed
in order for diverse individuals to enjoy
fundamental rights and freedoms on an equalbasis with others. This may require thatparticular attention be paid to marginalized
and under-served groups.
Principle 4 Sexuality, and pleasure derivingfrom it, is a central aspect of being human,
whether or not a person chooses to reproduce.
Sexual health spans a lifetime. Sexuality is an
integral factor in almost all reproductive
decisions; however it is a central aspect of
being human, whether or not one chooses toreproduce.
Sexuality is not merely a vehicle for individuals
to satisfy their reproductive interests. The
entitlement to experience and enjoy sexuality
independent of reproduction, and reproduction
independentofsexuality
shouldbesafeguarded, paying particular attention to
those who, historically and in the present, aredenied such an entitlement.
Principle 5 Ensuring sexual rights for all
includes a commitment to freedom andprotection from harm.
The right to be protected from and to haverecourse against, all forms of violence andharm underpins sexual rights.
Sexuality-related harm includes both violence
and abuse of a physical, verbal, psychological,
economic and sexual nature as well as
violence against individuals because of theirsex; age; gender; gender identity; sexual
orientation; marital status; sexual history or
behaviour, real or imputed; sexual practices or
how they manifest their sexuality.
All children and adolescents are entitled toenjoy the right to special protection from all
forms of exploitation.

l;4fGt != of}lgstf x/]s dfgjsf] JolSt x'g'sf]
cljefHo c+u xf] . o;sf/0f ljsf; k|lqmofsf]
c+usf ¿kdf k|To]sn] of}g clwsf/sf] pkef]uug{ kfpg] jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ul/g'kb{5 .
of}lgstf ;a} k|sf/sf ;dfhdf k|To]s JolQmsf]
JolQmTjsf] cª\u xf] . ctM dflg;x¿ JolQmut¿kdf hLjge/ of}lgstfsf] cg'ej u5{g\ / leqL
jf jflx/L sf/stTjsf sf/0f To:tf cg'ej
km/s km/s x'G5g\ . of}g;DaGwL dfgj clwsf/
tyf ltgsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{g klg ;a}lt/;a}hgfsf] b}lgs cl:tTjsf] cª\u x'g'kb{5 .
o;sf ;fy} of}lgstfnfO{ hLjgsf] ;sf/fTds
kIfsf ¿kdf lnOg'kb{5 . of}g clwsf/ dfgj
hfltsf ;a}n] kfOcfPsf] :jtGqtf, :jfledfg /;dfgtfh:tf clwsf/df cfwfl/t ljZjJofkL
dfgj clwsf/ xf] .
of}g tyf k|hgg clwsf/;DaGwL a8fkqcg'¿k
cfO{kLkLPkmn] JolSt g} ljsf;sf] s]Gb|Lo ljifoxf] eGg] dfGb5 / x/]s JolStn] cfkm\gf] cfly{s,;fdflhs, ;f“:s[lts, / /fhgLlts ljsf;
k|lqmofdf ;lqmotfk"j{s ;xefuL x'g ;a} k|sf/sfof}g clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{ kfpg'k5{ eGg]
dfGotf /fVt5 . of}lgstf dflg;sf] z/L/,
dgdl:tis, /fhgLlt, :jf:Yo / ;dfh;Fu} x'g]
dfgj hLjg / ;fdflhs hLjgsf] Ps kIf xf] .
l;4fGt @= c7f¥x jif{ d'lgsf JolQmx¿, h;sfljz]iftf jo:seGbf km/s x'g] x'gfn] ltgLx¿sf]
clwsf/ tyf ;+/If0fnfO{ k|Tofe"t ul/Psf] 5 /k|To]s afns jf aflnsfsf] ljsl;t x'g]
IfdtfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ltgn] cfkm\gf nflu
clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{ kfPsf] x'g'k5{ .
!* jif{d'lgsf JolQmx¿sf] clwsf/ tyf ;+/If0f
slxn]sfxL cGt/f{li«6«o / /fli6«o sfg'gsf
lx;fan] jo:seGbf leGg x'g] b]lvPsfn]
cfO{kLkLPkm\n] !* jif{d'lgsf JolStx¿sf]
clwsf/ tyf ;+/If0f k|Tofe"t ul/Psf] a'em]sf] 5. o:tf leGgtf dfgj clwsf/sf ;a} kIfx¿;Fu;DalGwt x'G5g\ . t/ of}g clwsf/sf] k|;Fudf
ltgsf nflu vf; vf; ljlw cfjZos k5{g\ .
cfO{kLkLPkm\sf] k|f/De clwsf/ pkef]ustf{sf¿kdf !* jif{d'lgsf JolQmx¿nfO{ lng] ljGb'af6
x'G5 . / Tof] lzz'kg, afnfkg, / lszf]/fj:yfsf
Jofks If]qleqsf ljleGg ljGb'df s]xL lglZrt
clwsf/ / ;+/If0fsf] ;fGble{stf w]/} a9L jf clt
sd klg x'g ;S5 .

l;4fGt #= e]befj gul/g] eGg] l;4fGtn] ;a}dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gdf hf]8 lbG5
. cfO{kLkLPkm\ u}/e]befjd"ns cfwf/e"t;+/rgfn] ;a} dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f /;Dj4{gdf hf]8 lbPsf] dfGb5 .
o:tf] u}/e]befjd"ns cfwf/e"t ;+/rgfn]/fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f:s[lts,gful/s jf cGo h'g;'s} If]qdf cGo;/x;dfg¿kdf ;a} dfgj clwsf/sf] dfGotf kfpg]/ pkef]u ug{ glbg] jf cdfGo 3f]lift ug]{
vfnsf, k|fs[lts ln+u, pd]/, ;fdflhs ln+u,n}+lusklxrfg,of}lgscled'vLs/0f,j}jflxsl:ylt, of}ghGo Oltxf; jf Jojxf/,
jf:tljs jf cf/f]lkt, hflt, j0f{, hftLotf,
efiff, wd{, /fhgLlts jf cGo ljrf/wf/f, /fli6«ojf ;fdflhs pb\ej, ;DklQ, hGd, zf/Ll/s jf
dfgl;s ckf+utf, Pr\cfO{eLP8\; nufotsf:jf:Yol:ylt, / gful/s, /fhgLlts ;fdflhs jf
cGo k|sf/sf cj:yfnfO{ lgif]w ub{5 .
dflg;x¿n] cfkm\gf of}g clwsf/ k"0f{¿kdfpkef]u ug{ ljleGg cj/f]w a]xf]/]sf] cg'eju/]sf 5g\ . o:tf] ljljwtfk"0f{ JolQm cg'ejsf;Gbe{df, kof{Kt ;dfgtfsf nflu, cGo;/x;dfg cfwf/df :jtGqtf tyf clwsf/ pkef]uug{ lbg To:tf cj/f]w x6fpg' cfjZos 5 . o;;Gbe{df ;LdfGtLs[t / ;]jfljd'v ;d"xlt/ Wofg
lbg'kg]{ x'g ;S5 .
l;4fGt $= s;}n] lzz' hGdfpg] rfxgf /fv] jf
g/fv] klg of}g / o;af6 k|fKt x'g] ;'v
dflg;sf] s]Gb|Lo -d"n_ kIf xf], .
of}g:jf:Yo cfhLjg :jf:Yo xf] . s;}n] lzz'
hGdfpg] rfxgf /fv] jf g/fv] klg of}g /o;af6 k|fKt x'g] ;'v dfgj hfltsf] s]Gb|Lo d"n_ kIf xf] . /, ;a} k|sf/sf k|hgg;DaGwL
lg0f{osf ;Gbe{df of}g Ps cv08 tTj xf] .
of}lgstf eGg] s'/f JolStsf cfkm\gf lzz'
hGdfpg] OR5f t'li6 ug]{ ;fwg dfq xf]Og . of}g
dfdnfdf cg'ej / ;'v k|fKt ug{, k|hggsf
nflu :jtGqtf / of}gsf ;Gbe{df :j]lR5s
k|hgg :jtGqtfsf] /Iff ul/g'kb{5 . vf;u/L
P]ltxfl;s¿kdf / clxn] klg To:tf] :jtGqtf
pkef]u ug{ glbOPsfx¿sf nflu ljz]if Wofg
k'¥ofpg'k5{ .

This includes protection from sexual
exploitation, child prostitution and all forms ofsexual abuse, violence and harassment,
including coercion of a child to engage in any
sexual activity or sexual practice and the useof children in pornographic performances andmaterials.
Principle 6 Sexual rights may be subject only
to those limitations determined by law for the
purpose of securing due recognition andrespect for the rights and freedoms of others
and the general welfare in a democraticsociety.
Sexual rights, as other human rights, may besubject only to those limitations determined bylaw for the purpose of securing due
recognition and respect for the rights andfreedoms of others and the general welfare ina democratic society, public health and publicorder, according to human rights law. Suchlimitations must be non-discriminatory,
necessary
andproportionate
totheachievement of a legitimate aim. The exercise
of sexual rights must be guided by awarenessof the dynamic relationship between personaland social interests, the recognition of theexistence of plurality of visions, and the needto guarantee equality, dignity and respect fordifference.
Principle 7 The obligations to respect, protect
and fulfil apply to all sexual rights andfreedoms.
Sexual rights and freedoms include core legal
claims as well as access to the means to fulfil
those claims. As with other human rights,
states have obligations on three levels: torespect, protect and fulfil the sexual rights ofall.
The obligation to ‘respect’ requires States torefrain from interfering directly or indirectly withthe enjoyment of a particular right, in this case,with sexual rights. The obligation to ‘protect’requires States to take measures that prevent
third parties from interfering with human rights
guarantees. The obligation to ‘fulfil’ requires
States to adopt appropriate legislative,administrative, budgetary, judicial, promotionaland other measures towards the full realizationof the right.

Sexual rights are humanrights related to sexuality
IPPF affirms that sexual rights are humanrights. Sexual rights are constituted by a set ofentitlements related to sexuality that emanatefrom the rights to freedom, equality, privacy,
autonomy, integrity and dignity of all people.
The ten sexual rights are:
Article 1 Right to equality, equal protection of
the law and freedom from all forms of
discrimination based on sex, sexuality or
gender.
All human beings are born free and equal indignity and rights and must enjoy the equal
protection of the law against discrimination
based on their sexuality, sex or gender.
Article 2 The right to participation for all
persons, regardless of sex, sexuality or gender
All persons are entitled to an environment thatenables
active,free
andmeaningful
participation in and contribution to the civil,
economic, social, cultural and political aspectsof human life at local, national, regional andinternational levels, through the developmentof which human rights and fundamental
freedoms can be realized.
Article 3 The rights to life, liberty, security ofthe person and bodily integrity
All persons have the right to life, liberty and tobe free of torture and cruel, inhuman anddegrading treatment in all cases, andparticularly on account of sex, age, gender,
gender identity, sexual orientation, marital
status, sexual history or behaviour, real or
imputed, and HIV/AIDS status and shall havethe right to exercise their sexuality free ofviolence or coercion.
Article 4 Right to privacy
All persons have the right not to be subjected
to arbitrary interference with their privacy,
family, home, papers or correspondence andthe right to privacy which is essential to theexercise of sexual autonomy.

l;4fGt %= ;a}sf nflu of}g clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{' eg]sf] xflggf]S;fgLaf6 ;'/Iff / :jtGqtf– k|ltsf] k|lta4
x'g' xf] .
of}g clwsf/nfO{ xfgL k'¥ofpg] ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;f / xflggf]S;fgLaf6 ;'/Iff tyf To:tf xflg gf]S;fgLlj?4
nfUg kfpg] clwsf/ . of}g;DaGwL xflg–gf]S;fgLdf zf/Ll/s, df}lvs, dgf]j}1flgs, cfly{s, / of}gk|s[ltsflx+;f / b'/frf/ x'gfsf ;fy} s'g} JolQmnfO{ p;sf] ln+u, pd]/, ;fdflhs ln+u, n}+lus klxrfg, of}gcled'vLs/0f, j}jflxs cj:yf, of}g Oltxf; tyf Jojxf/, jf:tljs of cf/f]lkt, of}g cEof; jf p;sf To:tfof}ghGo cEof; s;/L k|s6 x'G5 eGg] cfwf/df ul/g] lx+;f / b'Jo{jxf/ kb{5g\ .
;a} afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/L ;a} k|sf/sf zf]if0faf6 ljz]if ;+/lIft x'g] clwsf/ /fVt5g\ . o;dfof}gzf]if0f, afn j]Zofj[lQ, / ;a} k|sf/sf of}g b'/frf/, lx+;f / x]kfO, afnaflnsfnfO{ ha/h:tL s'g}klg
k|sf/sf] of}g ultljlwdf nufpg] jf s'g} To:tf] ;fdu|L jf cZnLn gUg ultljlwdf nufpg]h:tf lqmofsnfk
klg kb{5g\ .
l;4fGt ^= of}g clwsf/ nf]stflGqs ;dfhdf ;fdfGo sNof0fsf lglDt, c¿sf clwsf/ / :jtGqtfsf] ;Ddfg
Pjd\ dfGotfnfO{ ;'/lIft ug]{ x]t'n] sfg'gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf ;Ldf;Dd dfq /xg]5g\ .
of}g clwsf/ cGo dfgj clwsf/hlQs} nf]stflGqs ;dfhdf ;fdfGo sNof0fsf lglDt, c¿sf clwsf/ /:jtGqtfsf] ;Ddfg Pjd\ dfGotfnfO{ ;'/lIft ug]{ x]t'n] sfg'gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf bfo/f;Dd dfq sfod /xg]5g\. dfgj clwsf/ sfg'gcg'¿k ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo / ;'Joj:yf o; ;Gbe{df pNn]vgLo 5 . o:tf ;Ldf nIo
k|fKt ug]{ xb;Dd cfjZos dfqfdf / e]befj/lxt x'g}k5{ . of}g clwsf/sf] cEof; JolQm / ;dfhaLrsf
ultzLn ;DaGw / ;r]ttfaf6 lgb]{lzt x'g'kb{5, b[li6sf]0fsf] ax'ntf x'G5 eGg] s'/f cfTd;ft\ u/LljleGgtfsf] dof{bf, ;dfgtf, / cfb/sf] k|Tofe"lt -Uof/]06L_ sf nflu x'g'kb{5 .
l;4fGt &=;a} k|sf/sf of}g;DaGwL clwsf/ / :jtGqtf nfu" ug'{kg]{ lhDd]jf/L -obligations _d'Vo d'Vo sfg'gL pkrf/sf] bfjL ug'{sf ;fy} tL bfjLcg's"n xfl;n ug{ rflxg] ;fwgx¿df kx“'r klgof}g;DaGwL clwsf/ / :jtGqtfleq} k5{ . o;df /fHon] cGo dfgj clwsf/sf] sfof{Gjogdf ug'{k/]e}FmF
tLg:t/df lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug'{k5{M ;Ddfg ug]{, ;'/Iff lbg] / ;a}sf] of}g clwsf/ pkef]u ug{ nufpg] .
;Ddfg ug]{ lhDd]jf/Ldf /fHon] k|ToIf jf k/f]If¿kdf s'g} vf; clwsf/ pkef]udf x:tIf]k x'g glbg] sfd
ug'{k5{ . o; cy{{df of}g;DaGwL clwsf/ kg{ cfp“5 . ;'/Iff lbg]df dfgj clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"ltdfly x:tIf]kug{af6 t];|f] kIfnfO{ /f]Sg cfjZos pkfo ckgfpg] sfd kb{5 eg] ;a}sf] of}g clwsf/ pkef]u ug{
nufpg]df /fHon] pko'Qm sfg'gL, k|zf;lgs, ljQLo, Goflos, k|j4{gfTds tyf cGo pkfo cjnDag u/L
clwsf/ k|Tofe"t ug]{ sfd kb{5 .

of}g clwsf/ of}g;DalGwt dfgj clwsf/ xf]
cfO{kLkLPkm\n] of}g clwsf/nfO{ dfgj clwsf/sf] ¿kdf lnPsf] 5 . of}g clwsf/ of}lgstf;Fu ;DalGwt
clwsf/x¿sf] ;dli6ut¿k xf] / of] ;a} dflg;sf] :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf, uf]kgLotf, :jfoQtf, cv08tf /:jfledfgsf] clwsf/af6 lgM;[t ePsf] x'G5 . o:tf bzj6f of}g clwsf/ 5g\M
wf/f ! M ln+u, of}lgstf / n}+lustfsf cfwf/df x'g] s'g}klg k|sf/sf e]befjaf6 d'St, ;dfgtf / ;dfg
sfg'gL ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/M;a} dfgjhflt :jtGq hGdG5g\, ltgsf] ;dfg dof{bf tyf clwsf/ x'G5 / pgLx¿nfO{ ln+u, of}lgstf tyfn}+lustfsf cfwf/df x'g] s'g}klg k|sf/sf e]befjaf6 d'St, ;dfgtf / ;dfg sfg'gL ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/ 5 .
wf/f @ M ;a} JolStnfO{ ln+u, of}lgstf / n}+lustfsf cfwf/df x'g] s'g}klg k|sf/sf e]befj/lxt ;xeflutfsf]
clwsf/;a} JolQm df}lns :jtGqtf / dfgj clwsf/n] dfGotf k|bfg u/]sf ljsf;sf dfWodaf6 dfgj hLjgsf
gful/s, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, / /fhgLlts kIfx¿df :yfgLo, If]qLo, / cGt/f{li6«o:t/df lqmofzLneO{ :jtGq / ;fy{s¿kn] ;xefuL x'gsf nflu cg's"n jftfj/0f k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ /fVt5g\ .
wf/f # M JolStsf] af“Rg kfpg], :jtGq /xg], ;'/Iff / zf/Ll/s cv08tfsf] clwsf/M;a} JolQmnfO{ s'g}klg cj:yfdf af“Rg kfpg], :jtGq /xg], cdfgjLo jf ckdfgk"0f{ Jojxf/, qm"/tf /oftgfaf6 d'Qm x'g] / vf;u/L ln+u, pd]/, ;fdflhs ln+u, n}+lus klxrfg, of}g cled'vLs/0f, j}jflxs cj:yf,of}g Oltxf; tyf Jojxf/, jf:tljs of cf/f]lkt, / PrcfO{eL P8\;sf] cj:yfh:tf cfwf/df ul/g] lx+;f /ha/h:tLaf6 d'Qm /xL cfkm\gf] of}lgstfsf] cEof; ug]{ clwsf/ 5 .
wf/f $ M uf]kgLotfsf] clwsf/M;a} JolStnfO{ pgLx¿sf] uf]Kotf, kl/jf/, 3/, sfuhft jf kqfrf/df arbitrary x:tIf]kljgf /xg] xssf;fy} of}g :jfoQtfsf] pkef]u ug{sf nflu cfjZos uf]kgLotfsf] clwsf/ 5 .

Article 5 Right to personal autonomy andrecognition before the law
All persons have the right to be recognized
before the law and to sexual freedom, which
encompasses the opportunity for individuals tohave control and decide freely on mattersrelated to sexuality, to choose their sexual
partners, to seek to experience their full sexual
potential and pleasure, within a framework of
non discrimination and with due regard to therights of others and to the evolving capacity ofchildren.
Article 6 Right to freedom of thought, opinionand expression; right to association
All persons have the right to exercise freedomof thought, opinion and expression regarding
ideas on sexuality, sexual orientation, gender
identity and sexual rights, without arbitrary
intrusions or limitations based on dominantcultural beliefs or political ideology, or
discriminatory notions of public order, public
morality, public health or public security.
Article 7 Right to health and to the benefits ofscientific progress
All persons have a right to the enjoyment of
the highest attainable standard of physical andmental health, which includes the underlying
determinants of health and access to sexual
health care for prevention, diagnosis andtreatment of all sexual concerns, problems anddisorders.
Article 8 Right to education and information
All persons, without discrimination, have theright to education and information generally
and to comprehensive sexuality education andinformation necessary and useful to exercise
full citizenship and equality in the private,public and political domains.
Article 9 Right to choose whether or not tomarry and to found and plan a family, and to

decide whether or not, how and when, to havechildrenAll persons have the right to choose whether
or not to marry, whether or not to found andplan a family, when to have children and to
decide the number and spacing of theirchildren freely and responsibly, within anenvironment in which laws and policies
recognize the diversity of family forms as
including those not defined by descent or
marriage.
Article 10 Right to accountability and redress
All persons have the right to effective,
adequate,
accessible
andappropriate
educative, legislative, judicial and othermeasures to ensure and demand that those
who are duty-bound to uphold sexual rights
are fully accountable to them. This includes
the ability to monitor the implementation ofsexual rights and to access remedies forviolations of sexual rights, including access tofull redress through restitution, compensation,
rehabilitation, satisfaction, guarantee of nonrepetition and any other means.
Sexual Rights: An IPPF Declaration provides aclear framework within which the Member
Associations
canunderstandtheir
responsibilities as service providers. They
will be better equipped to begin or extend theirwork on improving access to all, and thereby
enable their clients to fully realize their sexualand reproductive rights. The Declaration will
also act as a framework for advocacy toremind States of their responsibilities. In
particular, in the run up and planning for the
next global initiative focusing on sexual andreproductive health and rights, advocacy on
the basis of the Declaration will help
governmental organizations to understand andmake lasting commitments based on the link
between sexual rights, public health anddevelopment.

wf/f % M lghL :jfoQtf / sfg'gsf cufl8 dfGotfsf] clwsf/M;a} JolQmnfO{ of}lgstf;DaGwL s'g}klg dfdnfdf :jtGqtfk"j{s lg0f{o lng / lgoGq0f sfod
/fVg, cfkm\gf of}g;fyL rog ug{, afnaflnsfsf] ljsl;t x'Fb} u/]sf] IfdtfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL
cGo JolQmsf] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ub}{ s'g} e]befjljgf r/d of}g;'v / cfgGb k|fKt ug]{
clwsf/ 5 .
wf/f ^ M ljrf/, wf/0ff / cleJolSt :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/, ;+ul7t x'g kfpg] clwsf/M;a} JolQmnfO{ bdgsf/L ;f+:s[lts ljZjf;, jf /fhgLlts ljrf/wf/f, jf ;fj{hlgs lgod
Joj:yf, ;fdflhs g}ltstf, ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo jf ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff\sf] cf8df e]befjhGos'g}klg vfnsf] hf]/h'n'd jf ha/h:tLjf6 gv'lDrO{ cfkm\gf] of}g cled'vLs/0f, n}+lus
klxrfg, of}g clwsf/ / of}g;DaGwL cfkm\gf ljrf/, cjwf/0ff / cleJolQm lbg] clwsf/ 5 .
wf/f & M :jf:Yosf] clwsf/, j}1flgs k|ultaf6 nfe lng kfpg] clwsf/M;a} JolQmnfO{ :jf:Yo / of}g ;DalGwt ljifo, ;d:of / c;fdfGotfsf] /f]syfd, lgbfg /pkrf/ h:tf :jf:Yosf nflu lgwf{/s kIfdf kx'“r /fvL cfkm\gf] zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s:jf:Yosf] ;jf]{Rr:t/df pkef]u ug]{ clwsf/ 5 .
wf/f * M lzIff / ;"rgf kfpg] clwsf/M;a} JolQmnfO{ s'g} e]befjljgf lghL, ;fj{hlgs / /fhgLlts If]qdf k"/} gful/stf /;dfgtfsf] cEof; ug{ of}g ;DalGwt pkof]uL x'g] / cfjZos kg]{ ;fdfGo tyf Jofks;"rgf / lzIff kfpg] clwsf/ 5 .
wf/f ( M lax] ug]{ jf gug]{, kl/jf/ a;fpg] of lgof]hg ug]{, aRrf hGdfpg] jf ghGdfpg],slxn] / s;/L hGdfpg]af/] :j]R5fn] 5gf]6 ug{ kfpg] clwsf/M;a} JolQmnfO{ j+z jf ljjfx lglZrt geO;s]sfx¿;d]t -h:t} b]xJofkf/sf] qmddf hGd]sf
jf ljjfxsf] ls6fg gul/Psf_, nfO{ sfg'g / gLltx¿n] dfGotf lbPcg';f/sf]
kfl/jfl/s:j¿ksf] jftfj/0fdf lax] ug]{ jf gug]{, kl/jf/ a;fpg] of kl/jf/ lgof]hg ug]{,aRrf hGdfpg] jf ghGdfpg], slxn], slthgf / slt ;dosf] cGt/df aRrf hGdfpg];f]af/] :jtGqtfk"j{s / lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s 5gf]6 ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ 5 .
wf/f !) M hjfkmb]lxtf / k'gk|f{lKtsf] clwsf/M;a} JolStnfO{ of}g clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ st{Jo tf]lsPsf JolSt jf lgsfox¿ k"0f{¿kdf
cfk"mk|lt hjfkmb]xL /x]sf] ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu k|efjsf/L, kof{Kt dfqfdf, kx'“rof]Uo, /pko'Qm z}lIfs, sfg'gL, Goflos jf cGo pkfo ckgfpg] clwsf/ 5 . o;df of}g clwsf/sf]
sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg ug]{ Ifdtf, of}g clwsf/ xgg ePsf v08df To;sf] Ifltk"lt{ ug]{,/sd c;'npk/ ug]{, k'g:yf{kg ug]{, ;Gt'i6 kfg]{, cfZj:t kfg]{ jf s'g}klg xfntdf To:tf
36gf gbf]xf]¥ofpg]h:tf kIf kb{5g\ .
of}}g clwsf/M cfO{kLkLPkm 3f]if0ffn] :ki6 km|]djs{ pknAw u/fp“5 h;df ;b:o;+3x¿n];]jfbftfsf] ¿kdf ltgsf cfkm\gf lhDd]jf/L a'em\g ;s"g\ . ltgLx¿ ;a}sf] kx'“r a9fpgsf
nflu sfdsf] yfngL / lj:tf/ ug{ cfjZos pks/0fn] ;';lHht x'g]5g\ / o;/L u|fxsnfO{
cfkm\gf of}g clwsf/ / k|hgg clwsf/af/] dgg ug{ ;Ifd t'Nofpg]5g\ . o; 3f]if0ffkqn]/fHox¿nfO{ ltgsf sfdst{Jo / lhDd]jf/L af]w u/fpg k}/jLsf] nflu km|]djs{ pknAw
u/fpg] sfo{ ub{5 . ljz]iftM of}lgstf / k|hgg :jf:Yo clwsf/x¿df s]lGb|t cfufdL ljZj
kxnsbdLsf] of]hgf tyf sfof{Gjogdf, 3f]if0ffsf] cfwf/df jsfnt ug]{h:tf sfo{n] ;/sf/L;+:yfx¿nfO{ of}g clwsf/, ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo / ljsf;sf aLrsf] ;DaGwsf] cfwf/df l:ylt
a'em\g / bL3{sfnLg¿kdf k|lta4 x'g ;3fp“5 .

Sexual rights:
an IPPF declaration

of}g clwsf/;DaGwL
cfO{kLkLPkm 3f]if0ff–kq

Preamble
IPPF
iscommitted
tofulfilling its goals within ahuman rights approach that
embodies the principles oftheuniversality,interrelatedness,interdependence
andindivisibility of all humanrights. IPPF recognizes andbelieves that sexual rights
are a component of humanrights, which are an evolving
set of entitlements related tosexuality that contribute to
the freedom, equality anddignity of all people.
Sexual Rights: an IPPF Declaration isgrounded in core international human rights
treaties and other instruments,
authoritativeinterpretationsoftheseinternational
standards
andadditional
entitlements related to human sexuality thatare implicit in them.1 It draws on the
documents emanating from the 1993 UN
World Conference on Human Rights; the 1994
UN International Conference on Population
and Development; the 1995 UN Fourth World
Conferenceon
Women;
theUN
MillenniumDeclaration and the Millennium
Development Goals. It is also informed by thefindings and recommendations of several UN

treaty bodies and UN Special Rapporteurs,
particularly the 2004 report to the Commission
on HumanRights of the Special Rapporteur on the Rightto the Highest Attainable Standard of Health.
The Declaration complements the IPPF
Charter on Sexual and Reproductive Rights. It
aims to explicitly identify sexual rights andsupport an inclusive vision of sexuality. Thisvision seeks to respect, protect and advancethe rights of all persons to sexual autonomy
and to promote sexual health and rights withina framework of non-discrimination.
IPPF believes that health is a fundamental
human right indispensable for the exercise of
all human rights.2 It also believes that sexualand reproductive health are integral elementsof the rights of everyone to enjoy the highest
attainable standard of physical and mental
health.3 Sexual health cannot be obtained or
maintained without sexual rights, but sexual
rights encompass more than entitlements
related to health.
Sexual rights refer to specific norms thatemerge when existing human rights areapplied to sexuality. These rights include
freedom, equality, privacy, autonomy, integrity
and dignity of all people; principles recognizedin many international instruments that are
particularly relevant to sexuality. Sexual rights
offer an approach that includes but goesbeyond protection of particular identities.
Sexual rights guarantee that everyone hasaccess to the conditions that allow fulfilment
and expression of their sexualities free fromany coercion, discrimination or violence andwithin a context respectful of dignity.

k|:tfjgfM
cfO{kLkLPkm cfkm\gf nIo ;Dk"0f{ dfgj clwsf/df ljZjJofkstf, cGt;{DaGw, cGtlg{e/tf /cljefHotfh:tf l;4fGt ;lGglxt /x]sf] dfgj clwsf/ ljlwleqaf6} k"/f ug{ sl6a4 /x]sf]
5 . cfO{kLkLPkm, of}g clwsf/ ;a} dflg;sf] :jfledfg, ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfnfO{ ;xof]uk'¥ofpg] of}lgstf ;DaGwL ljsl;t x'Fb} u/]sf ;a} clwsf/sf] ;dli6ut:j¿k xf] / of}g
clwsf/ dfgj clwsf/s} tTj xf] eGg] dfGotf /fVt5 / o;}df ljZjf; ub{5 .
of}g clwsf/M cfO{kLkLPkm 3f]if0ffkq cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ ;lGwx¿ / cGo j}wflgs
Joj:yf, dfgj of}lgstfsf] k|;+udf nfu"' x'g] cltl/St Joj:yfx¿ / To:tf cGt/f{li6«odfkb08af/] cflwsfl/s JofVof -interpretation_ x¿sf cfwf/df tof/ ePsf] xf] . of];+o'St /fi6«;+3sf dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ljZj ;Dd]ng -!((#_, hg;+Vof / ljsf;;DaGwL
cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng -!(($_, dlxnf;DaGwL] ljZj ;Dd]ng -!((%_, ;x;|fAbL 3f]if0ff /;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIox¿sf b:tfj]hx¿af6 lg;[t ePsf] xf] . o;sf nflu ;+o'St /fi6«;+3sfcg]sf}F ;lGwsf c+u / k|ltj]bsx¿n] v'6\ofPsf ljifo / ul/Psf l;kmfl/zx¿df cGtlg{lxt;"rgfx¿sf] klg ;xof]u lnOPsf] 5 . o;df vf;u/L dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf ljz]ifk|ltj]bssf] :jf:Yo;DaGwL pRrtd dfkb08 k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/;DaGwL k|ltj]bg -@))$_
kb{5 .
of] 3f]if0ffkq of}g tyf k|hgg clwsf/;DaGwL cfO{kLkLPkm\ a8fkqsf] k"/s b:tfj]h xf] .
o;sf] nIo of}g clwsf/nfO{ :ki6¿kdf klxrfg ug'{ / of}lgstfaf/] ;dfj]zL b[li6sf]0fnfO{;xof]u k'¥ofpg' xf] . o; b[li6sf]0fn] ;Ddfg, ;'/Iff / ;a}sf] of}g :jfoQtfsf] clwsf/nfO{
cu|ufdL t'Nofpg'sf ;fy} e]befj/lxt 9f“rfdf of}g :jf:Yo / clwsf/ pkef]u ug{ kfpg]
cj:yfsf] ck]Iff ub{5 .
cfO{kLkLPkm ;a} dfgj clwsf/sf] cEof; ug{sf nflu :jf:Yo cTofjZos df}lns xs xf]
eGg] s'/fdf ljZjf; ub{5 . x/]sJolQmn] zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s :jf:Yosf] pknAw x'g;Sg];Dd ;jf]{Rr:t/sf] dfkb08 pkef]u ug{sf nflu of}g / k|hgg :jf:Yo clt g} cfjZos
tTj x'g\ eGg] s'/fdf klg of] 3f]if0ffkq ljZjf; /fVt5 . of}g clwsf/ljgf of}g:jf:Yo :j:y
/ tGb'?:t /fVg ;lsGg tyflk of}g clwsf/x¿cGtu{t :jf:Yodf Joj:yf ul/PeGbf w]/} a9L
tTj ;dflji6 x'G5g\ .
ljBdfg dfgj clwsf/ nfu" ePsf] cj:yfdf hlta]nf of}lgstf;DaGwL vf;vf; d"NodfGotfb]vf k5{g\ Tolta]nf of}g clwsf/x¿sf] s'/f cfp“5 . o:tf clwsf/df vf;u/L of}lgstf;Fu;DalGwt dfdnfdf ;a} dflg;sf] :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf, uf]Kotf, :jfoQtf, cv08tf /:jfledfg clg y'k|} cGt/f{li6«o Joj:yfdf dfGotf k|bfg ul/Psf l;4fGt kb{5g\ . of}g
clwsf/x¿n] vf;–vf; klxrfgsf] s'/f ;dfj]z t x'G5 cem o;eGbf k/ ;f]Rg] / Jojxf/ug]{ tl/sf k|:t't u5{g\ . of}g clwsf/x¿n] k|To]sJolQmsf]] cfTd;Ddfgk|lt cfb/efjsf ;fy
cfkm\gf of}lgstfaf/] ljgfe]befj, ha/h:tLa]u/ jf ljgflx+;f af]Ng] / cfsf+Iff k"/f ug{
cfjZos cj:yfdf kx'“rsf] k|Tofe"lt u/fp“5g\ .

IPPF recognizes that sexuality is a central
aspect of being human throughout life and thatwhile sexuality may include all of the following
dimensions, not all of them are always
experienced or expressed. It is an evolving
concept that encompasses sexual activity,
gender identities, sexual orientation, eroticism,pleasure, intimacy and reproduction.

the development of accountable structures.
Such structures should not only provide
individual remedy and redress, but also
engage and challenge the mechanisms of
power, practice and meaning which give rise
to violations of sexual rights. IPPF recognizes
that this has implications for its service
delivery and advocacy efforts.

It is constituted through the interaction of
biological, psychological, social, economic,
political, cultural, ethical, legal, historical,
religious and spiritual factors. Sexuality isexperienced and expressed in thoughts,
fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values,
behaviours, practices, and relationships.4

Thus,
IPPF
encourages
its
Member
Associations to use The Declaration as
guidance in the integration of theircommitment to respect, protect and advancesexual rights throughout their activities; and to
reinforce and enhance their ongoing policies,
strategies and programmes.

IPPF is aware that many expressions ofsexuality are nonreproductive and that the
global understanding of sexuality is evolving.
Thus, IPPF recognizes the need to specifically
identify sexual rights as not subsumed under
reproductive rights and reproductive health.5

The Declaration is a framework forunderstanding the application of basic humanrights to sexuality. All components of theFederation can incorporate this framework andits underlying principles into their activities,
services and programmes as an effort tocomply with the responsibility to promote anddefend sexual rights and in order to reinforce
and enhance their ongoing policies andstrategies.

IPPF recognizes that a commitment toenabling conditions for sexual
rightscomplements its broader commitment to the
local and global struggles for equity in accessto resources, peace and to a universal, social
and international order in which the dignity,
rights, and freedoms of all persons can be fully
realized. Within the scope of the right todevelopment, the fulfilment of sexual rights isessential to the centrality of the individual as
the subject, active participant and beneficiaryof processes of economic, social, cultural andpolitical development in which all human rights
and fundamental freedoms can be fully
realized.
IPPF believes that a key aspect of creating theconditions for the enjoyment of rights lies in

IPPF is committed to a vision of universal,
inalienable, and indivisible human rights,
including sexual rights. It recognizes, however,that country contexts may impact upon thetiming, manner and extent of implementationof the principles and rights included in thisDeclaration.
Specific processes will be put in place torecognize, and to account for, such situations.6
Sexual Rights: an IPPF Declaration was
adopted by the IPPF Governing Council on 10
May 2008.

cfO{kLkLPkmn] dfgj ePsf] gftfn] of}g p;sf] hLjge/sf] s]Gb|Lo kIf xf] eGg] dfGotf/fVt5 oBlk p;n] lgDgfg';f/sf ;a} cfofdx¿ ;d]6] tfklg ;a} kIf g} ;w}F cg'ej ul/g]]
jf cleJoQm ul/g]df kb}{gg\ . of] Ps ljsl;t x'Fb} hfg] cjwf/0ff xf], h;df of}g lqmofsnfk,n}+lus klxrfg, of}g cled'vLs/0f, of}g]Q]hgf, cfgGb, cfTdLotf / k|hggh:tf ljifo kb{5g\. of] h}ljs, dgf]j}1flgs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s, /fhgLlts, ;f+:s[lts, g}lts, sfg'gL,P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s / cfWoflTdsh:tf sf/stTjx¿sf] cGtlq{mofaf6 ag]sf] x'G5 . of}lgstf
ljrf/, :j}/sNkgf -Fantasies_, cfsf+Iff, ljZjf;, k|j[lQ -Attitudes_, d"NodfGotf, Jojxf/,
cEof; / ;DaGwx¿df cg'e"t ul/G5 / cleJoQm ul/G5 .
of}lgstfsf] w]/}h;f] cleJolQm u}/k|hggd"ns x'G5 / of}lgstfsf af/]df j}lZjs ;dembf/L
ljsl;t x'Fb}hfG5 eGg] s'/fdf cfO{kLkLPkm ;r]t 5 . o;y{ cfO{kLkLPkm of}g clwsf/nfO{
k|hgg clwsf/ jf k|hgg :jf:Yodf dfq ;Lldt gu/L ljlzi6 9+un] klxrfg ug'{k5{ eGg]
7fGb5 .
;fdflhs / ljZjJofkL¿kdf ;a} dflg;sf] :jfledfg, clwsf/ / :jtGqtfsf] k"0f{tofcg'e"lt lbnfpg :yfgLo / j}lZjs ;+3if{sf] kl/k|]Iodf zflGt / ;|f]tdflysf] ;dfg kx'“rsfnflu Jofks k|lta4tfnfO{ of}g clwsf/sf nflu ;Ifd kl/l:yltsf] lgdf{0fdf k"/s e"ldsflgjf{x ub{5 eGg] cfO{kLkLPkmsf] dfGotf 5 . of}g clwsf/sf] ;Dk"0f{ pkef]u ug{ kfpg] tyf
cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[[lts / /fhgLlts ljsf; k|lqmofdf ;lqmo ;xeflutf hgfpg kfpg]
ljsf; ug{ kfpg]] clwsf/ If]qleq JolQmsf] s]Gb|:yndf x'G5 / o;df ;a} k|sf/sf dfgj
clwsf/ / df}lns xssf] cg'e"lt ug{ ;lsG5 .
cfO{kLkLPkm clwsf/x¿sf] pkef]usf nflu cg's"n cj:yf tof/ ug]{ d"n cfwf/ eGg' g}
pQ/bfoL ;+/rgfsf] ljsf; ug'{ xf] eGg] s'/fdf ljZjf; ub{5 . To:tf ;+/rgfn] JolStut
pkrf/ jf Ifltk"lt{ -remedy and redress_ dfq pknAw u/fpg] xf]Og k/Gt' of}g clwsf/
pNn+3g ug{ pS;fpg] zlSt ;+oGq, cEof; / efio -meaning_ nfO{ r'gf}tL lbg] / clwsf/
sfod ug{ nufO/fVg] vfnsf x'g'k5{ . cfO{kLkLPkm o;af6 ;]jf / jsfntsf k|of;df k|efj
kb{5 eGg] dfGotf /fVt5 .
o;y{, cfO{kLkLPkm cfkm\gf ;b:o ;+3;+:yfx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf lqmofsnfkdfkm{t of}g clwsf/sf];Ddfg, ;+/If0f ;DaGwL k|lta4tfnfO{ PsLs[t t'Nofpg] tyf cfkm\gf ljBdfg gLlt, /0fgLlt/ sfo{qmdnfO{ nfu" ub}{ cufl8 a9fp“b} n}hfg] sfddf o; 3f]if0ffnfO{ dfu{bz{ssf ¿kdfk|of]u ug{ k|f]T;flxt ub{5 .
of] 3f]if0ff of}lgstfsf] dfdnfdf cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;dembf/Lsf]
Ps 9f“rf xf] . dxf;+3sf ;a} c+ux¿n] cfkm\gf gLlt / /0fgLltnfO{ nfu" ub}{ cufl8 a9fp“b}n}hfg] sfddf tyf of}g clwsf/sf] k|lt/Iff tyf k|j4{gsf] nflu cfkm\gf ultljlw, ;]jf /sfo{qmddf of] 9f“rf / o;df cGtlg{lxt l;4fGtx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ ;S5g\ .
cfO{kLkLPkm of}g clwsf/nufot ljZjJofkL, kG5fpg gldNg] / cljefHo dfgj clwsf/sf]
b[l6sf]0fk|lt k|lta4 5 . o;f] eP tfklg o; 3f]if0ffdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf clwsf/ /l;4fGtx¿sf] sfof{Gjogdf b]zljz]ifsf cj:yf / kl/l:yltx¿n] ;do / tl/sfdf c;/ ug{;S5g\ eGg] cfO{kLkLPkmsf] dfGotf 5 . To:tf kl/l:yltdf ljlzi6 k|sf/sf k|lqmof
ckgfOg]5 .
of}g clwsf/;DaGwL cfO{kLkLPkm 3f]if0ff cfO{kLkLPkmsf] uelg{ª sfplG;nn] @))* sf]] d]dxLgfsf] !) tf/Lvsf lbg hf/L u/]sf] 5 .

General principles
IPPF
expects
that
allMember
Associations
willbecommitted
totheFederation’s mission, visionand values, including theprinciples underlying andincorporatedin
this
Declaration. These principles
must inform the programmes
and strategies developed by
the Federation’s components
to protect, promote and fulfil
the sexual rights specified in
the part titled Sexual rights
are human rights related tosexuality of this Declaration.

Principle 1
Sexuality is an integral partof the personhood of every
human being.
For
thisreason,afavourableenvironmentinwhich everyone may enjoy
all sexual rights as part ofthe process of development
must be createdSexuality is an integral part of the personhoodof every human being in all societies. Whileindividuals experience their sexualities in waysthat vary according to inner and external
factors, human rights related to sexuality, theirprotection and promotion should be part of thedaily existence of all persons, everywhere.
Sexual rights are universal human rights
based on the inherent freedom, dignity andequality of all human beings.7
Poverty is both a cause and a consequence ofsexual ill health and sexuality-based
inequalities and exclusions.
Programming
must
addresstheinterconnection of poverty with these issues,recognizing its role in the enjoyment anddenial of human rights and, in particular, its
effects on sexual rights.
Inequity,8 inequality,9 gender inequity,10 genderinequality,11 and poor health must be tackled in
the implementation of any development
projects, programmes or frameworks such as
those based on the Millennium Development
Goals. The achievement of the Millennium
Development Goals – improving maternal
health, reducing child mortality, promoting
gender equality, and combating
HIV and AIDS – among other goals depend
directly on ensuring widespread access tosexual health services and protection of sexual
rights.

;fdfGo l;4fGtx¿
cfO{kLkLPkmsf ;a} ;b:o;+3x¿ o; 3f]if0ffdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf / cGtlg{lxt l;4fGtsf ;fy}dxf;+3sf] Wo]o, kl/sNkgf / d"NodfGotfk|lt ;d]t k|lta4 /xg]5g\ eGg] ck]Iff ub{5 . oLl;4fGtx¿n] dxf;+3sf c+ux¿n] o; 3f]if0ffsf] of}g clwsf/ of}lgstf;Fu ;DalGwt dfgj clwsf/
x'g\ eGg] zLif{s v08df tf]lsPsf of}g clwsf/sf] pkef]u, ;Dj4{g / ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu to u/]sf
sfo{qmd / /0fgLltnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]sf] x'g'k5{ .

l;4fGt !=of}lgstf x/]sdfgjsf] JolStkgsf] cljefHo c+u xf] . o;sf/0f ljsf;
k|lqmofsf] c+usf ¿kdf k|To]sJolQmn] of}g clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{ kfpg] jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gful/g'kb{5 .
of}lgstf ;a} k|sf/sf ;dfhdf k|To]sJolQmsf] JolQmTjsf] cª\u xf] . ctM dflg;x¿
JolQmut¿kdf hLjge/ of}lgstfsf] cg'ej u5{g\ / leqL jf aflx/L sf/stTjsf sf/0f
To:tf cg'ej km/s–km/s x'G5g\ . of}g;DaGwL dfgj clwsf/ tyf ltgsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gklg ;a}lt/ ;a}hgfsf] b}lgs cl:tTjsf] cª\u x'g'kb{5 . of}g clwsf/ ljZjJofkL dfgj
clwsf/ xf] / of] ;a} dfgjhfltn] kfOcfPsf] g};lu{s :jtGqtf, :jfledfg / ;dfgtfdf
cfwfl/t 5 .
ul/aL, of}g c:j:ytf / of}lgstfdf cfwfl/t c;dfgtf tyf jlxis/0f b'j}sf] sf/0f tyf
glthf xf] . sfo{qmdx¿n] vf;u/L of}gclwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{ lbg] jf glbg] ljifodf o;n]kf/]sf] c;/sf] e"ldsfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ul/aL;Fusf] o:tf ljifosf] cGt;{DaGwnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ug{ ;Sg'k5{ .
ljifdtf, c;dfgtf, n}+lus ljifdtf, n}+lus c;dfgtf, / v/fa :jf:YonfO{ ;x;|fAbL ljsf;
nIodf cfwfl/t s'g}klg ljsf; kl/of]hgf, sfo{qmd / km|]djs{sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;Gbe{dfr'gf}tLsf] ¿kdf lng'kg]{ x'G5 . ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIosf pknlAwx¿df dft[:jf:Yodf ;'wf/ug]{, afn d[To'b/ 36fpg], n}+lus ;dtf k|j4{g ug]{, / Pr\cfO{eL P8\;;Fu h'em\g]h:tf ljifo
5g\ . o:t} cGo nIox¿ of}g clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf of}g:jf:Yo ;]jfsf] Jofks kx'“rnfO{;'lglZrt ug]{h:tf ljifodf k|ToIf¿kdf lge{/ 5g\ .

In accordance with the Charter on Sexual andReproductive Rights, IPPF affirms that theperson is the central subject of development
and recognizes the importance of creating afavourable environment in which every
individual may enjoy all sexual rights in order
to be able to take an active part in processesof economic, social, cultural and politicaldevelopment. Sexuality is an aspect of humanand social life which is engaged always withthe body, the mind, politics, health and society.
Sexual rights impact on the ideological andpolitical, as well as the personal andsubjective.
Sexualrightsincorporate
expressive, associational, and participatory
elements and are deeply connected to bodily
integrity and self sovereignty. In recognizing
and committing to the guarantee of sexual
rights, IPPF understands that respect,
protection and fulfilment of these rights require
attention to all these domains and elements,
which in turn are part of historical processes atwork across the private-public sites of humanactivity.

Principle 2
The rights and protections
guaranteedtopeopleunder age eighteen differ
from those of
adults, and must take into
account
theevolving
capacities of the individual
child to exercise rights on
his or her own behalf
IPPF understands that the rights andprotections guaranteed to people under age
eighteen (18), as a matter of international andnational law, sometimes differ from the rights
of adults. These differences relate to all
aspects of human rights but require particularapproaches in regard to sexual rights. IPPF
begins from the premise that persons
under eighteen (18) are rights holders, andthat at different points within the spectrum of

infancy, childhood, and adolescence, certain
rights and protections will have greater or
lesser relevance.
Under Article 5 of the Convention on the
Rights of the Child,12 it is stated that thedirection and guidance provided by parents orothers with responsibility for the child musttake into account the capacities of the child to
exercise rights on his or her own behalf. The
concept of evolving capacity of children
requires a balance between recognizingchildren as active agents in their own lives
entitled to be respected as citizens, as people
and as rights-bearers with increasing
autonomy, while also being entitled toprotectioninaccordance
with
their
vulnerability.
The concept recognizes that the levels ofprotection from participation in activities likely
to cause children harm will diminish inaccordance with their evolving capacity.
In addition, the principle of evolving capacity
combines respect for children, their dignity andentitlement to protection from all forms ofharm, while also acknowledging the value of
their own contribution towards their protection.
Societies must create environments in whichchildren can achieve their optimal capacities
and where greater respect is given to theirpotential for participation in, and responsibility
for, decision-making in their own lives.
Severalkey
principles
governtheinterrelationship between children’s rights andother interests. Among these are: the view of
persons under 18 as rights holders;13 the bestinterests of the child;14 the evolving capacitiesof the child;15 non-discrimination;16 and the
responsibility for ensuring conditions forthriving17.
In the context of sexual rights, these principles
require an individualized approach, informedbydemonstrationofmaturity
andconsideration of particular circumstances,such as the specific child or adolescent’s
understanding, activities, physical or mental
health status, relationship with parents or otherinterested parties, the power relations among
those involved, and the nature of the issue athand.

of}g tyf k|hgg clwsf/sf] a8fkqcg'¿k JolSt g} ljsf;sf] s]Gb|Lo ljifo xf] eGg] cfO{kLkLPkm 7fGb5 /x/]sJolSt cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts tyf /fhgLlts ljsf;sf] k|lqmofdf ;lqmotfk"j{s ;xefuL x'g]
qmddf ;a} of}g clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{sf nflu cg's"n jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf Hofb} dxŒjk"0f{ 5 eGg] s'/f
dfGb5 . of}g z/L/, dgdl:tis, /fhgLlt, :jf:Yo / ;dfh;Fu cleGg¿kn] uf“l;Psf] x'gfn] of] dfgj /;fdflhs hLjgsf] Ps kIf xf] .
of}g clwsf/x¿n] ljrf/wf/fTds / /fhgLlts, lghL / cfTdut ljifodfly k|efj kfb{5g\ . of}g
clwsf/x¿n] cleJolStd"ns, ;+3fTds, / ;xeflutfd"ns tTjnfO{ cGte"{t u/]sf 5g\ . o:tf clwsf/
JolStsf] zf/Ll/s cv08tf / ;fj{ef}d;Qf;Fu ulx/f] u/L hf]l8Psf 5g\ . of}g clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"ltk|lt
k|lta4 /xg'kg]{ ljifonfO{ dfGotf lbFb}, cfO{kLkLPkm oL clwsf/ k|sf/fGt/n] lghL ;fj{hlgs If]qdf
dfgjLo lqmofsnfksf] P]ltxf;s k|lqmofsf c+u ePsf] x'gfn] ltgsf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / pkef]u ug{df ;a}If]q / tTjsf] Wofg k'Ug'k5{ eGg] 7fGb5 .
l;4fGt @= c7f¥x jif{d'lgsf JolQmx¿, h;sf ljz]iftf jo:seGbf km/s x'G5\g\, sf] clwsf/ tyf;+/If0fnfO{ k|Tofe"t ul/Psf] 5 / k|To]safns jf aflnsfsf] ljsl;t x'g] IfdtfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ltgn]
cfkm\gf nflu clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{ kfPsf] x'g'k5{ .
!* jif{d'lgsf JolQmx¿sf] clwsf/ tyf ;+/If0f slxn]sfxL“ cGt/f{li6«o / /fli6«o sfg'gsf lx;fan]jo:seGbf leGg x'g] b]lvPsfn] cfO{kLkLPkm\n] !* jif{d'lgsf JolStx¿sf] clwsf/ tyf ;+/If0f k|Tofe"tul/Psf] a'em]sf] 5 . o:tf leGgtf dfgj clwsf/sf ;a} kIfx¿;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5g\ . t/ of}g clwsf/sf]
k|;+udf ltgsf nflu vf;–vf; ljlw cfjZos k5{g\ . cfO{kLkLPkm\sf] k|f/De clwsf/ pkef]ustf{sf¿kdf !* jif{d'lgsf JolQmx¿nfO{ lng]af6 x'G5 . / Tof] lzz'kg, afnfkg / lszf]/josf Jofks If]qleqsf
ljleGg laGb'df s]xL lglZrt clwsf/ / ;+/If0fsf] ;fGble{stf w]/} a9L jf clt sd x'g klg ;S5 .
Affnclwsf/ ;DaGwL dxf;lGwsf] Wff/f % cGtu{t afnaflnsfn] cfkm\gf clwsf/ pkef]u ug]{ IfdtfnfO{
Wofgdf /fvL ltgsf afa'cfdf tyf cGo hf];'s}n] lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy dfu{lgb]{zg ug]{ jf lgb]{zg lbg'k5{
eGg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . Psflt/ afnaflnsfsf] ljsl;t x'Fb} u/]sf] Ifdtfn] cfkm\g} hLjgdf klg pgLx¿:jod\ kl/jt{gsf ;+jfxs x'g\ / csf]{lt/ cGo gful/se}Fm pgLx¿n] a9\bf] :jfoQtf;Fu;Fu} ;Ddfgsf]
xsbf/ x'g kfpg] / hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfcg';f/sf] ;+/If0f kfpg'kg]{ s'/fnfO{ b[li6ut u/L oL b'O{cj:yfaLr
Psk|sf/sf] ;Gt'ng sfod ug'{kg]{ cjwf/0ff xf] of] .
o; cjwf/0ffn] afnaflnsfnfO{ xflggf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg ;Sg]txsf lqmofsnfkdf pgLx¿sf] ;xeflutfn]
ljsl;t x'Fb} u/]sf] Ifdtfdf cf“r k'¥ofpg ;Sg] x'gfn] To:tf lqmofsnfkaf6 ;d]t ;+/If0f lbg'k5{ eGg]
dfGotf /fVt5 .
o;sf ;fy} ljsl;t x'Fb} u/]sf] Ifdtfaf/]sf] l;4fGtn] afnaflnsfsf] ;Ddfg, pgLx¿sf] :jfledfg /xflggf]S;fgLsf ofjt\¿kaf6 ;'/lIft x'g kfpg] xs tyf pgLx¿ :jod\n] cfkm\gf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu ug]{of]ubfg, oL b'O{ kIfsf] dxŒjnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL b'j} kIfnfO{ Ps7fp“df NofP/ hf]8]sf] 5 . ;dfhn] cfkm\gf]
hLjgaf/]] lg0f{o lngdf afnaflnsfsf] ;Defjgfk"0f{ ;xeflutf / lhDd]jf/Lsf]] 7"nf] ;DDffg ub}{ pgLx¿n]clwstd Ifdtf xfl;n ug]{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug'{k5{ .
sltko l;4fGtx¿n] afnclwsf/ / cGo :jfYo{sf aLrsf] cGt;{DaGwnfO{ to ub{5g\ . o:tfdWo] s]xLo;k|sf/ 5g\M clwsf/ pkef]u ug]{ JolQmsf ¿kdf !* jif{ d'lgsf JolStsf] b[li6sf]0f, afnaflnsfsf];jf]{Qd lxt, afnaflnsfsf] ljsl;t x'Fb} u/]sf] Ifdtf, e]befj gul/g], / nfe xfl;n ug{sf nflu
cfjZos kg]{cj:yfsf] k|Tofe"lt .
of}g clwsf/sf] kl/k|]Iodf, oL l;4fGtx¿n] lghLs[t -individualized_ ljlw÷tl/sf cfjZos k5{ .
k|f}9 / kl/is[t sfo{ ug]{, vf; k|s[ltsf]] kl/l:yltnfO{ Vofn ug]{, h:t} s'g} vf; afnaflnsfsf] jf
lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] a'emfOsf] :t/, lqmofsnfk, zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s :jf:Yosf] cj:yf, afa'cfdf jf cGo ?lr/fVg] kIfx¿;Fusf] ;DaGw, ;+nUg x'g]x¿aLrsf] zlSt–;DaGw / ljBdfg dfdnfsf] k|s[lt o:t} ljlwdf
k5{g\.

Principle 3
Non-discrimination
underlies all human rights
protection andpromotion
IPPF understands that a framework of nondiscrimination underlies all human rights
protection and promotion.18 This framework of
non-discrimination prohibits any distinction,
exclusion or restriction on the basis of sex;19
age;20 gender;21 gender identity;22 sexual
orientation;23 marital status; sexual history or
behaviour, real or imputed; race; colour;
ethnicity; language; religion; political or other
opinion; national, geographical or social origin;property; birth; physical or mental disability;
health status, including HIV; and civil, political,
social or other status; which has the purpose
or effect of impairing or nullifying therecognition, enjoyment or exercise on an equalbasis with others, of all human rights andfundamental freedoms in the political,
economic, social, cultural, civil or any otherfield.24
Discrimination in the realm of sexual rights
may manifest itself through unequal access tocultural, economic, political or social rights
because of sex; age; gender; gender identity;
sexual orientation; marital status; sexual
history or behaviour, real or imputed; sexual
practices or sexual orientation; and the denialof sexual rights, such as sexual healthservices, comprehensive sexuality education
and redress for sexual violence; which impair
a person’s enjoyment of rights on an equal
footing with others.
Individuals experience different barriers to thefulfillment of their sexual rights. Substantive
equality requires these barriers to be removed
in order for diverse individuals to enjoy
fundamental rights and freedoms on an equalbasis with others. This may require thatparticular attention be paid to marginalized
and under-served groups.

Principle 4
Sexuality, and pleasure
deriving from it, is acentral aspect of being
human, whether or not a
personchoosestoreproduce
Sexual health spans a lifetime. Sexuality is an
integral factor in almost all reproductive
decisions; however it is a central aspect of
being human, whether or not one chooses toreproduce.
Sexuality is not merely a vehicle for individuals
to satisfy their reproductive interests. The
entitlement to experience and enjoy sexuality
independent of reproduction, and reproduction
independentofsexuality
shouldbesafeguarded, paying particular attention to
those who, historically and in the present, aredenied such an entitlement.
All persons are entitled to the conditions thatenable the pursuit of a pleasurable sexuality.25
Pleasure is based on individual and relational
autonomy, for which the existence of public
policies on sexuality education, healthservices, freedom from coercion and violence,as well as the development of a field of ethics
on issues of justice, equality and liberty must
be ensured. Given that pleasure is an intrinsic
aspect of sexuality, the right to seek, express
and determine when to experience it must not
be denied to anyone.

l;4fGt #= e]befj gul/g] eGg] l;4fGtn] ;a} dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gdf hf]8

lbG5 . cfO{kLkLPkm\ u}/e]befjd"ns cfwf/e"t ;+/rgfn] ;a} dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f /;Dj4{gdf hf]8 lbPsf] dfGb5 .

cfO{kLkLPkmn] o:tf] u}/e]befjd"ns cfwf/e"t ;+/rgfn] /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs,;f+:s[lts, gful/s jf cGo h'g;'s} If]qdf cGo;/x ;dfg¿kdf ;a} dfgj clwsf/sf]
dfGotf kfpg] / pkef]u ug{ glbg] jf cdfGo 3f]lift ug]{ vfnsf, k|fs[lts ln+u, pd]/,;fdflhs ln+u, n}+lus klxrfg, of}lgs cled'vLs/0f, j}jflxsl:ylt, of}ghGo Oltxf; jf
Jojxf/, jf:tljs jf cf/f]lkt, hflt, j0f{, hftLotf, efiff, wd{, /fhgLlts jf cGo
ljrf/wf/f, /fli6«o jf ;fdflhs pb\ej, ;DklQ, hGd, zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s ckf+utf,
PrcfOeLP8\;nufotsf :jf:Yol:ylt / gful/s, /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts jf cGo
k|sf/sf cj:yfnfO{ lgif]w ub{5 eGg] s'/f a'em]sf] 5 .
of}g clwsf/sf] If]qdf x'g] e]befj ;f+:s[lts, cfly{s, /fhgLlts jf ;fdflhs clwsf/sf]
c;dfg kx'“rdf b]lvg] x'g ;S5 lsgeg] ln+u, pd]/, ;fdflhs ln+u, n}+lus klxrfg, of}gcled'vLs/0f, j}jflxsl:ylt, of}g Oltxf; jf Jojxf/, jf:tljs jf cf/f]lkt, of}gcled'vLs/0f / of}g cEof;sf cfwf/df of}g :jf:Yo ;]jf, Jofks of}g lzIff, of}ghGolx+;fsf] Ifltk"lt{h:tf of}g clwsf/x¿ lbg OGsf/ ug]{h:tf s'/fn] s'g} JolStnfO{ cGo
JolSt;/x clwsf/ pkef]u ug{ lbb}gg\ .
dflg;x¿n] cfkm\gf of}g clwsf/ k"0f{¿kdf pkef]u ug{ ljleGg cj/f]w a]xf]/]sf] cg'ej u/]sf
5g\ . o:tf] ljljwtfk"0f{ JolQm cg'ejsf ;Gbe{df, kof{Kt ;dfgtfsf nflu, cGo;/x ;dfg
cfwf/df :jtGqtf tyf clwsf/ pkef]u ug{ lbg To:tf cj/f]w x6fpg' cfjZos 5 . o;;Gbe{df ;LdfGtLs[t / ;]jfljd'v ;d"xlt/ Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'g ;S5 .

l;4fGt $= s;}n] lzz' hGdfpg] rfxgf /fv] tfklg jf g/fv] tfklg of}g / o;af6 k|fKtx'g] ;'v dflg;sf] s]Gb|Lo -d"n_ kIf xf], .
of}g:jf:Yo cfhLjg :jf:Yo xf] . s;}n] lzz' hGdfpg] rfxgf /fv] tfklg jf g/fv] tfklgof}g / o;af6 k|fKt x'g] ;'v dfgj hfltsf] s]Gb|Lo -d"n_ kIf xf] . /, ;a} k|sf/sf
k|hgg;DaGwL lg0f{osf ;Gbe{df of}g Ps cv08 tTj xf] .
of}lgstf eGg] s'/f JolStsf cfkm\gf lzz' hGdfpg] OR5f t'li6 ug]{ ;fwg dfq xf]Og . of}g
dfdnfdf cg'ej / ;'v k|fKt ug{, k|hggsf nflu :jtGqtf / of}gsf ;Gbe{df :j]lR5s
k|hgg :jtGqtfsf] /Iff ul/g'kb{5 . vf;u/L P]ltxfl;s¿kdf / clxn] klg To:tf] :jtGqtf
pkef]u ug{ glbOPsfx¿sf nflu ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg'k5{ .
;a} JolSt of}g;'v k|flKtsf nflu cg's"ncj:yfsf xsbf/ 5g\ . o:tf] ;'v lghL /;DaGwut :jfoQtfdf cfwfl/t x'G5 . o;sf nflu of}g lzIff, :jf:Yo ;]jf, lx+;f /ha/h:tLaf6 d'lQm, Gofo, ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfsf] dfdnfdf g}ltstfsf] ljsf; k|Tofe"tug]{;DaGwL ;fj{hlgs gLltx¿ ag]sf] x'g'k5{ . ;'v eGg] ljifo of}lgstfsf] k|s[ltk|bQ intrinsic_ kIf ePsfn] s;}n] s;}sf] ;'vef]u ug{ kfpg]cj:yfnfO{ OGsf/ ug{ ldNb}g .

Principle 5
Ensuring sexual rights for
all includes a commitment
to freedom and protection
from harm
The right to be protected from and to haverecourse against, all forms of violence andharm underpins sexual rights.26
Sexuality-related harm includes both violence
and abuse of a physical, verbal, psychological,
economic and sexual nature as well as
violence against individuals because of theirsex; age; gender; gender identity; sexual
orientation; marital status; sexual history or
behaviour, real or imputed; sexual practices or
how they manifest their sexuality.
All children and adolescents27 are entitled toenjoy the right to special protection from all
forms of exploitation.
This includes protection from sexual
exploitation, child prostitution and all forms ofsexual abuse, violence and harassment,
including coercion of a child to engage in any
sexual activity or sexual practice and the useof children in pornographic performances andmaterials.

Principle 6
Sexual rights may be subject
only to those limitations
determined by law for the
purpose of securing due
recognition and respect for
the rights and freedoms ofothers and the general
welfare in a democraticsociety
Sexual rights, as other human rights, may besubject only to those limitations determined bylaw for the purpose of securing due
recognition and respect for the rights andfreedoms of others and the general welfare
in a democratic society,28 public health andpublic order, according to human rights law.29
Such limitations must be non-discriminatory,
necessary
andproportionate
totheachievement of a legitimate aim. The exercise
of sexual rights must be guided by awarenessof the dynamic relationship between personaland social interests, the recognition of theexistence of plurality of visions, and the needto guarantee equality, dignity and respect fordifference.30

l;4fGt %= ;a}sf nflu of}g clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{' eg]sf] xflggf]S;fgLaf6 ;'/Iff /:jtGqtf– k|lt k|lta4 x'g' xf] .

of}g clwsf/nfO{ xfgL k'¥ofpg] ;a} k|sf/sf lx+;f / xflggf]S;fgLaf6 ;'/Iff tyf To:tf
xflggf]S;fgLlj?4 nfUg kfpg] clwsf/ . of}g;DaGwL xflggf]S;fgLdf zf/Ll/s, df}lvs,dgf]j}1flgs, cfly{s, / of}gk|s[ltsf lx;f / b'/frf/ x'gfsf ;fy} s'g} JolQmnfO{ p;sf] ln+u,pd]/, ;fdflhs ln+u, n}+lus klxrfg, of}g cled'vLs/0f, j}jflxs cj:yf, of}g Oltxf; tyf
Jojxf/, jf:tljs of cf/f]lkt, of}g cEof; jf p;sf To:tf of}ghGo cEof; s;/L k|s6
x'G5 eGg] cfwf/df ul/g] lx+;f / b'Jo{jxf/ kb{5g\ .
;a} afnaflnsf tyf lszf]/lszf]/L ;a} k|sf/sf zf]if0faf6 ljz]if ;+/lIft x'g] clwsf//fVt5g\ . o;df of}gzf]if0f, afn j]Zofj[lQ / ;a} k|sf/sf of}g b'/frf/, lx+;f / x]kfO,
afnaflnsfnfO{ ha/h:tL s'g}klg k|sf/sf] of}g ultljlwdf nufpg] jf s'g} To:tf] ;fdu|Ldf
jf cZnLn gUg ultljlwdf nufpg]h:tf lqmofsnfk klg kb{5g\ .

l;4fGt ^= of}g clwsf/ nf]stflGqs ;dfhdf ;fdfGo sNof0fsf lglDt, c¿sf clwsf/ /:jtGqtfsf] ;Ddfg Pjd\ dfGotfnfO{ ;'/lIft x]t'n] sfg'gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf ;Ldf;Dd dfq/xg]5g\ .

of}g clwsf/ cGo dfgj clwsf/hlQs} nf]stflGqs ;dfhdf ;fdfGo sNof0fsf lglDt,c¿sf clwsf/ / :jtGqtfsf] ;Ddfg Pjd\ dfGotfnfO{ ;'/lIft x]t'n] sfg'gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf
bfo/f;Dd dfq sfod /xg]5g\ . dfgj clwsf/ sfg'gcg'¿k ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo / ;'Joj:yfo; ;Gbe{df pNn]vgLo 5 . o:tf ;Ldf nIo k|fKt ug]{ xb;Dd cfjZos dfqfdf /e]befj/lxt x'g}k5{ . of}g clwsf/sf] cEof; JolQm / ;dfhaLrsf ultzLn ;DaGw /;r]ttfaf6 lgb]{lzt x'g'kb{5, b[li6sf]0fsf] ax'ntf x'G5 eGg] s'/f cfTd;ft\ u/L ljleGgtfsf]
dof{bf, ;dfgtf / cfb/sf] k|Tofe"lt -Uof/]06L_ sf nflu x'g'kb{5 .

Principle 7
Theobligations
torespect, protect and fulfil
apply to all sexual rights
and freedoms
Sexual rights and freedoms include core legal
claims as well as access to the means to fulfil
those claims.31 As with other human rights,
states have obligations on three levels: torespect, protect and fulfil the sexual rights ofall.32The obligation to respect requires States torefrain from interfering directly or indirectly withthe enjoyment of a particular right, in this case,with sexual rights. The obligation to protect
requires States to take measures thatprevent third parties from interfering withhuman rights guarantees. The obligation to
fulfil requires States to adopt appropriate
legislative, administrative, budgetary, judicial,promotional and other measures towards thefull realization of the right.33
While states remain the primary duty bearers
in respecting, protecting and fulfilling humanrights within their borders, other actors in civilsociety whose actions and omissions haveeffects on the enjoyment of sexual rights
should also be held accountable. These can
include other states, trans-boundary entities
and programmes operating through aid anddevelopment assistance, security structuresand other alliances, as well as non-state
actors, including both commercial, not-forprofit and religious entities, as well as
individuals.
Therefore, states must refrain from violating orotherwise interfering with a person’s sexual
rights, protect those rights from violations andinterference by third parties, and take positive
steps and measures, including building
effective, participatory and accountable
institutions and allocating resources towards
the realization of sexual rights.
IPPF is committed to do all within its
capabilities to encourage and assist all
Member Associations to play their role inrespecting, protecting and fulfilling the sexual
rights that follow, and to advocate for statesand other actors to respect, protect and fulfil
these rights in all aspects of their legislative,administrative, budgetary and other policies
and practices.
Sexual Rights:_ An IPPF Declaration 15

l;4fGt &= ;a} k|sf/sf of}g;DaGwL clwsf/ / :jtGqtf nfu" ug'{kg]{ lhDd]jf/L(obligations)d'Vo–d'Vo sfg'gL pkrf/sf] bfjL ug'{sf ;fy} tL bfjLcg's"n xfl;n ug{ rflxg] ;fwgx¿df
kx“'r klg of}g;DaGwL clwsf/ / :jtGqtfleq} k5{ . o;df /fHon] cGo dfgj clwsf/sf]
sfof{Gjogdf ug'{k/]e}Fm tLg:t/df lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug'{k5{M ;Ddfg ug]{, ;'/Iff lbg] / ;a}sf] of}g

clwsf/ k|Tofe"t ug]{ .

;Ddfg ug]{ lhDd]jf/Ldf /fHon] k|ToIf jf k/f]If¿kdf s'g} vf; clwsf/ pkef]udf x:tIf]k
x'g glbg] sfd ug'{k5{ . o; cy{{df of}g;DaGwL clwsf/ kg{ cfp“5 . ;'/Iff lbg]df dfgj
clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"ltdfly x:tIf]k ug{af6 t];|f] kIfnfO{ /f]Sg cfjZos pkfo ckgfpg] sfd
kb{5 eg] ;a}sf] of}g clwsf/ pkef]u ug{ nufpg]df /fHon] pko'Qm sfg'gL, k|zf;lgs,
ljQLo, Goflos, k|j4{gfTds tyf cGo pkfo cjnDag u/L clwsf/ k|Tofe"t ug]{ sfd kb{5.
/fHox¿ g} cfkm\gf] ;LdfIf]qleq ;Ddfg ug]{, ;'/Iff lbg] / ;a}sf] dfgj clwsf/ k|Tofe"t ug]{k|yd st{Jo kfngstf{ x'g\ . gful/s ;dfhdf /x]sf cGo sfo{stf{x¿sf sfdsf/jfxL /uNtLn] of}g clwsf/sf] pkef]udf c;/ kfg]{ x'gfn] pgLx¿ klg pQ/bfoL aGg' cfjZos 5 .
logdf cGo /fHonfO{ klg ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5M ;Ldfkf/sf ;xfotf ;+:yf jf ljsf;;xof]usf dfWodaf6 ;~rflnt sfo{qmd, ;'/Iff ;+/rgf / cGo ;+3Lo OsfO{x¿ tyf u}//fHo
sfo{stf{, Jofkfl/s, u}/gfkmfd"ns, / wfld{s ;+3;+:yfx¿ tyf lghL:t/sf JolStx¿ kb{5g\ .
ctM /fHon] JolStsf] of}g clwsf/dfly x:tIf]k ug]{ jf pNn+3g x'g]cj:yfnfO{ /f]Sg'k5{, tL
clwsf/ t];|f] kIfaf6 xgg x'g glbg / ;+/If0f ug{ ;sf/fTds sbd rfNg'k5{ / cfjZos
pkfo cjnDag ug'{k5{ . o;df of}g clwsf/sf] cg'e"lt lbnfpg k|efjsf/L, ;xeflutfTds/ pQ/bfoL ;+:yfx¿sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ tyf ;|f]t ljlgof]hg ug]{ sfd;d]t kb{5g\ .
cfO{kLkLPkm cfkm\gf] Ifdtfleq /x];Dd cfkm\gf ;a} ;b:o;+3x¿nfO{ of}g clwsf/x¿sf];Ddfg, ;+/If0f / pkef]u ug{, cg';/0f ug{ / /fHo tyf cGo sfo{stf{n] sfg'gL, k|zf;lgs,
ljQLo tyf cGo gLlt / cEof;sf nflu o:tf clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f, / pkef]u ug]{
u/fpg] ljifodf jsfnt ug{, ;xof]u ug{ / k|f]T;flxt ug{ k|lta4 5 .

Sexual rights are humanrights related to sexuality
IPPF affirms that sexual
rights are human rights.
Sexualrightsareconstituted by a set ofentitlements related tosexuality that emanate
fromtherightstofreedom,equality,
privacy,autonomy,
integrity and dignity of all
people.
Many international instruments, norms andstandards recognize important principles
related to sexuality. Sexual rights are specificnorms that emerge when existing humanrights are applied to sexuality. Sexual rights
protect particular identities, but reach beyond
this and protect all people’s right to be allowed
to fulfil and express their sexuality, with due
regard for the rights of others and within aframework of non-discrimination.
The following sexual rights apply basic, wellestablished human rights principles to the fieldof human sexuality.
Their application is of particular importance tothe poor, marginalized, the socially excluded
andunder-served,
whethersuchcharacteristics are historical or recent.
Given that IPPF affirms the universality,interrelatedness,interdependence
andindivisibility of all human rights, the order inwhich the following sexual rights areincorporated in this Declaration do not imply aparticular hierarchy.

Implementation of the following articles should
be informed by the general principles thatprecede them.

Article 1
Right to equality, equal
protectionof the law and freedom
from
all
forms
of
discrimination based onsex, sexuality or gender• All human beings are born free and equal indignity and rights34 and must enjoy the equal
protection of the law35 against discrimination
based on their sexuality, sex or gender.36• All persons must be ensured an environment
where everyone enjoys and has equal accessto full rights afforded by the State. States andcivil society must take steps to promote themodification of social and cultural practices
based on stereotyped roles of women or men
or on the idea of superiority or inferiority ofsexes, genders or gender expressions.
• All persons have the right to work, education,
health, social security and other economic,
social and cultural rights, as well as thefacilities, goods, services and conditions
necessarytorealisethem,
without
discrimination on any grounds.
• All persons shall be accorded legal capacity
and the same opportunities to exercise thatcapacity, equal rights to enter into contracts
and to administer property, and shall betreated equally in all stages of procedure incourts and tribunals, with due regard for the
evolving capacity of the child.
• All persons shall have the same rights
regarding the law relating to the movement of
persons and the freedom to choose theirresidence and domicile, without discrimination.

of}g clwsf/M of}lgstf;Fu ;DalGwt dfgj clwsf/
cfO{kLkLPkmn] of}g clwsf/nfO{ dfgj clwsf/sf ¿kdf lnPsf] 5 . of}g clwsf/of}lgstf;Fu ;DalGwt clwsf/x¿sf] ;dli6ut¿k xf] / of] ;a} dflg;sf] :jtGqtf,;dfgtf, uf]kgLotf, :jfoQtf, cv08tf / :jfledfgsf] clwsf/af6 lgM;[t ePsf] x'G5 .
of}lgstf;DaGwL dxŒjk"0f{ l;4fGtx¿nfO{ w]/} cGt/f{li6«o pks/0f, dfGotf tyf dfkb08x¿n]:jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . of}lgstfsf] dfdnfdf ljBdfg of}g clwsf/ nfu" ePsf] cj:yfdf dfq
clwsf/ ljz]if dfGotf x'g\ . of}g clwsf/n] vf;vf; klxrfgsf] ;+/If0f ub{5 t/ o;eGbf
klg k/ dflg;n] c¿sf clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ub}{ e]befj/lxttfsf] 9f“rfleq cfkm\gf] of}lgstfk"/f ug{ tyf cleJoQm ug{ kfpg]cj:yf;Dd of] k'Ub5 .
lgDgfg';f/sf of}g clwsf/x¿ dfgj of}lgstfsf] If]qdf cfslif{t x'g] dfgj clwsf/sf
cfwf/e"t / :yflkt l;4fGt x'g\ . ltgsf] sfof{Gjog vf;u/L ul/a, ;LdfGtLs[t,;fdflhs¿kdf ;dfj]z gul/Psf / sd ;]jf pknAw u/fOPsfx¿sf nflu dxŒjk"0f{ x'G5 .
o:tf rl/q jf ljz]iftf P]ltxfl;s klg x'g ;S5g\, ev{/} b]lvPsf klg x'g ;S5g\ .
cfO{kLkLPkm dfgj clwsf/sf ljZjJofkstf, cGt;{DaGw, cGtlg{e{/tf / cljefHotfh:tfljz]iftfnfO{ dfGg] ePsfn], lgDgfg';f/sf qmddf /flvPsf of}g clwsf/ o; 3f]if0ffdf;dflxt ul/Psf 5g\ t/ s'g} vf; txljz]ifdf dfq qmda4 ul/Psf 5}gg\ . lgDgfg';f/sf
wf/fsf] sfof{Gjog ;fwf/0f l;4fGtsf ¿kdf ul/g'kb{5M.. wf/f ! .. ;a} k|sf/sf ln+u, of}lgstf jf n}+l+ustfsf cfwf/df ul/g] ;a} k|sf/sfe]befjljgf ;dfgtfsf] clwsf/, ;dfg sfg'gL ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/ .
 hGdbf ;a} dfG5] :jtGq, ;dfg, :jfledfg / clwsf/ ePsf x'G5g\ . lnË, of}lgstf/ n}+lustfsf cfwf/df s'g} e]befjljgf ;a}n] ;dfg sfg'gL ;'/Iffsf] xs pkef]u ug{
kfpg] clwsf/ 5 .
 ;a} JolQmx¿nfO{ /fHon] lbPsf ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/x¿ pkef]u ug{sf nflu ljZj;gLo
jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf ug'{kb{5 . /fHo / gful/s ;dfhn] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] k/Dk/fut
e"ldsf jf wf/0ff / ;f]r tyf n}+lus pRrtf tyf gLrtfsf] efjgf tyf n}+lustf jfn}+lus cleJolStnfO{ x]g]{ ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts rfnrngnfO{ ;'wf/ ug]{ sfdsf]
k|j4{gsf nflu sbd rfNg'k5{ .
 ;a} JolQmnfO{ s'g}klg cfwf/df ljgfe]befj sfd ug]{, lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
tyf cGo cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf ;fy} j:t', ;]jf ;'ljwf lng]
clwsf/ 5 .
 ;a} JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf] x}l;ot sfod ug{ sfg'gL x}l;ot / ;dfg cj;/ 5, ;DklQef]urng ug]{ clwsf/ 5 . aRrfsf] ljsl;t Ifdtfsf] sb/ ub}{ cbfntL k|lqmof
tyf Ohnf;df ;a} JolQm ;dfg x}l;ot /fVt5g\ .
 ;a} JolQmx¿nfO{ s'g} e]befjljgf 3'dlkm/ ug]{ tyf a;f]af;sf] nflu 7fp“ jf cfjf;
5gf]6 ug]{ :jtGqtf 5 sfg'gL¿kdf klg plQs} ;dfg clwsf/ 5 .

Article 2
The right to participation
for all persons, regardlessof sex, sexuality or gender

Article 3
The rights to life, liberty,
security of the person andbodily integrity













All persons are entitled to an
environment that enables active, free
and meaningful participation in andcontribution to the civil, economic,
social, cultural and political aspects ofhuman life at local, national, regional
and international levels, through thedevelopment of which human rights
and fundamental freedoms can berealized.37
All persons are entitled to participate
inthedevelopment
andimplementationofpoliciesthatdetermine their welfare,38 including
their sexual and reproductive health,without formal or informal barriers
such as marriage qualifications,conditions related to HIV status39, or
discriminatory
gendernorms,
stereotypes and prejudices that
exclude or restrict the participation of
persons based on ideas of gender andsexual propriety.
Young people, who are frequently
excluded, shall have the right to beparticipants and protagonists inprocesses of change in their societies.
They shall have meaningful ways tocontribute to and shall share theresponsibilities for the development ofpolicies and programmes to protect,promote and fulfil sexual andreproductive health and rights.40
All persons shall be able to participate
in public and political life, including
holding public office and performing all
public functions, without discrimination
on any grounds.
As a basis for participation, all persons
shall enjoy the right to mobility and toleave and return to their own country
as well as equal access to documentsthat enable such mobility and travel
without discrimination.41

















All persons have the right to life,
liberty42 and to be free of torture andcruel,
inhumananddegradingtreatment43 in all cases and particularlyon account of any prohibited groundsof discrimination, and shall have theright to exercise their sexuality free ofviolence or coercion.
All persons have the right to life andbodily integrity,44 these rights shall not
be threatened or be put at risk to‘avenge the honour’ of a family.45
No person shall be subjected to
judicial or extra-judicial killings, judicial
or extra-judicial corporal punishment
for their sexual history or behaviour,
gender identity or expression.46
No woman’s life or health shall be put
at risk as a consequence of medical
treatment being denied to her for any
physical or mental condition, or basedon others placing a competing valueon the foetus she may be carrying.
No woman shall be condemned toforced maternity as a result of having
exercised her sexuality.
All persons have the right to be freefrom harmful traditional practices,
including female genital mutilation andforced or early marriage.47
All persons have the right to be freefrom violence, including all forms ofphysical, verbal, psychological or
economic abuse, sexual harassment
or sexual violence, rape and any otherforms of coerced sex within or outside
marriage, in armed conflict or in
detention.
All persons, including sex workers of
all genders48 or in the instance of realor alleged sexual activity outside
marriage, have the right to be freefrom the risk of violence created bystigma and discrimination based on
their sex, sexuality or gender.
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary
detention, nor subjected to theimpositionofarbitraryor
discriminatory sanctions for violationsof imprecise or ill-defined criminal
provisions regarding consensual sex.49

.. wf/f @ .. ;a} JolQmx¿nfO{ ljgfe]befj ln+u, of}lgstf jf n}+l+ustfsf afah"b;xeflutfsf] plQs} clwsf/ 5 .

 ;a} JolQmnfO{ df}lns :jtGqtf tyf dfgj clwsf/ 5 eGg] dx;'; ug{ gful/s, cfly{s,;fdflhs, ;f“:s[ltstxdf /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o tyf If]qLo:t/df ;lqmo, :jtGq tyf ;fy{s;xeflutfsf] clwsf/ 5 .
 ;a} JolQmnfO{ of}lgs tyf k|hgg :jf:Yo, ljjfx, of]Uotf, Pr\cfO{eLsf] cj:yf cyjf lje]bk"0f{n}+lus d"NodfGotf, cjwf/0ff cflb;DaGwL ljgfcf}krfl/s tyf cgf}krfl/s aGb]h tyf
ljgfk"jf{u|x cfkm\gf] lxtnfO{ lgwf{/0f ug]{;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f tyf ltgsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xefuL
x'g] clwsf/ 5 .
 of}g tyf k|hgg clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{af6 af/Daf/ al~rt ePsf o'jfx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;dfhsf]
kl/jt{gsf] k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g] tyf cfkm\gf s'/fnfO{ cl3;fg]{ clwsf/ 5 . pgLx¿;Fu of}gtyf k|hgg :jf:Yo clwsf/x¿sf] /Iff ug]{, ;Dj4{g ug]{ / clwsf/ pkef]u ug]{ gLlt tyf
sfo{qmd agfpg] / To; If]qdf ;fy{s of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] pkfox¿ x'G5g\ .
 ;a} JolQmn] s'g}klg cfwf/df ul/g] e]befjljgf ;fj{hlgs tyf /fhg}lts hLjgdf ;xefuL x'g,
;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f ug{ / ;fj{hlgs pT;j ;df/f]x ug{ kfpg'k5{ .
 ;xeflutfsf] cfwf/sf ¿kdf ;a} JolQmn] ljgfe]befj :jtGqk"j{s lx“88'n ug]{, b]zaflx/ hfg] jf
cfkm\g} b]zdf kms{g] tyf ;dfg¿kdf 3'dlkm/sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ sfuhft kfpg'kb{5 .

.. wf/f # .. ;a} JolStsf] af“Rg kfpg], :jtGqtf, ;'/Iff / zf/Ll/s cv08tfsf]
clwsf/

 ;a} JolQmnfO{ ;fdfGotof af“Rg kfpg] / :jtGq /xg kfpg] clwsf/ 5 / ljz]iftM lgif]lwt
cfwf/df ul/g]] e]befjaf6 d'Qm /xL s'g}klg lsl;dsf oftgf / qm"/tfaf6, ha/h:tL jf lx+;faf6d'Qm /xL cfÏgf] of}lgstfsf] cEof; ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
 ;a} JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf] hLjg tyf zf/Ll/s cv08tfsf] clwsf/ 5 . o:tf clwsf/nfO{ r'gf}tLlbg] jf abnf lng] dg;fon] kfl/jfl/s ;Ddfgdf cf“r cfpg] u/L] hf]lvddf kfg{ x'“b}g .
 s'g}klg JolQmnfO{ p;sf] of}g cfr/0fsf Oltxf; jf cfgLafgL, p;sf] n}+lus klxrfg tyf
cleJolQmsf cfwf/df sfg"gL jf sfg"gaflx/sf s'g}klg cfwf/ lnO{ dfg]{ jf zf/Ll/s b08sf] efuL
agfpg] sfd ug'{x'“b}g .
 s'g}klg dlxnfsf] hLjg jf :jf:YonfO{ p;sf] ue{df /x]sf] e|'0fsf] cfwf/df hf]lvddf kfl/g' x'“b}g/ dfgl;s tyf zf/Ll/scj:yfn] ubf{ p;nfO{ cf}ifwf]krf/af6 jl~rt ug{' x'“b}g .
 s'g}klg dlxnfnfO{ cfkm\gf] of}lgstfsf] cEof; ub}{df lgGbf ug]{ jf s;};Fu of}g ;DaGw /fVb}df
ha/h:tL dft[Tjsf] ef/ Joxf]g'{k5{ eGg] 5}g .
 ;a} JolQmnfO{ dlxnf of]lgR5]bg, jf afn ljjfx jf ha/h:tL ljjfxnufot :jf:Yosf lglDt
xflgsf/s k/Dk/fut rngaf6 hf]lug kfpg] clwsf/ 5 .
 ;a} JolQm ;z:q åGåsf] cj:yfdf of aGbL /x]sf] cj:yfdf s'g}klg k|sf/sf zf/Ll/s, df}lvs,dgf]j}1flgs tyf cfly{s b'Jo{jxf/, of}g b'/frf/, of}g lx+;f, anfTsf/, j}jflxs jf ljjfxOt/
ha/h:tL of}g ;DaGw /fVg'kg]{h:tf lx+;faf6 d'Qm x'g kfpg] clwsf/ /fVt5g\ .
 s'g} e]befj jf nf~5gfljgf ;a} lnËsf of}gsdL{nfO{ pgLx¿sf] lnË, of}lgstf tyf n}+lustfsf
cfwf/df k|fs[lts tyf ck|fs[lts j}jflxs jf ljjfxOt/ of}g lqmofsnfkdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg]
clwsf/ 5 .
 d~h'/Lk"j{s ePsf] of}g lqmofsnfksf cfwf/df s'g}klg JolQmnfO{ s'g} cfwf/ljgf ha/h:tL aGbL
t'Nofpg'' jf u}/sfg"gL sfd u/]sf] 7x¥ofpg' x'“b}g .









No person’s sexual choices, practices
or expressions, including real or
imputed practices of sex work, canjustify, excuse or mitigate punishment
for violence, abuse or harassment.50
All migrants and migrant workers,
particularly
young,
femaleandtransgender migrants, must haveaccess, in the countries where theywork and live, to the means ofprotection from bodily harm and fromviolence and abuse based on theirsexual and gender expressions, aswell as to the means to protect andfulfil their sexual health and rights.
All persons have the right to seek andenjoy asylum from persecution,
including persecution arising fromeither a State’s action or failure to takesufficient steps to protect a personfrom serious abuse,51 on the basis ofsex, gender, gender identity, sexual
history or behavior or sexual
orientation or HIV status.52
All persons shall be free from theremoval, extradition or expulsion or
threats thereof to any State where
they may face a well-founded fear of
persecution based on sex, gender,
gender identity, sexual history or
behaviour or sexual orientation or HIV
status.53

Article 4
Right to privacy•••

All persons have the right not to be
subjected to arbitrary interference with
their privacy, family, home, papers orcorrespondence54 and the right toprivacy which is essential to theexercise of sexual autonomy.
All persons are entitled to sexualautonomy and shall be able to makedecisions about their sexuality, sexual
behaviour and intimacy without
arbitrary interference.
All persons have the right toconfidentiality regarding sexual healthservices and care, medical records,
and in general to protect information•

concerning their HIV status and to beprotected from arbitrary disclosures orthreats of arbitrary disclosures, withintheframeworkofpermissible
limitations
andwithout
discrimination.55
All persons have the right to control
the disclosure of information regarding
their sexual choices, sexual history,
sexual partners and behaviours andother matters related to sexuality.

Article 5
Righttopersonal
autonomy and recognition
before the law
•



•

•

•

All persons have the right to berecognized before the law and tosexual freedom, which encompasses
the opportunity for individuals to havecontrol and decide freely on mattersrelated to sexuality, to choose theirsexual partners, to seek to experience
their full sexual
potential and pleasure, within aframework of nondiscrimination andwith due regard to the rights of others
and to the evolving capacity ofchildren.
All persons have the right torecognition everywhere as a person
before the law, without discrimination
on any grounds.
All persons are free to exercise
autonomous and relational sexual
practices and conduct, within anenvironment of social, political andeconomic conditions in which all rights
and freedoms can be realized equallyby all, free of discrimination, violence
and coercion or abuse.
No person shall be subjected to lawsthat arbitrarily criminalize consensual
sexual relations or practices nor be
subjected to arrest or detention on thebasis of sex, sexuality or gender, orconsensual sexual practices or
conduct.

 JolStsf of}lgs 5gf]6, jf:tljs jf cf/f]lkt of}g sd{nufotsf cEof; / cleJolQmsf cfwf/df
lx+;f jf b'Jo{jxf/ jf ckdfgdf Ifdf jf ;hfo Go"g ug]{ sfdnfO{ plrt dfGg ;lsg]5}g .
 ;a} cfk|jf;L tyf k|jf;L sfdbf/x¿, vf;u/L o'jf ju{, dlxnf tyf t];|f] ln+uL cfk|jf;L sfd ug]{b]zdf kx“'r x'g'sf ;fy} pgLx¿sf] lnË tyf n}+lus cleJolQmsf cfwf/df lx+;f, zf/Ll/s Iflt /b'Jo{jxf/af6 d'Qm x'g kfpg]] tyf cfÏgf] of}g :jf:Yo / clwsf/nfO{ /Iff ug]{ / pkef]u ug]{
clwsf/ 5 .
 JolQmnfO{ ln+u, n}+lustf, n}+lus klxrfg, of}g Oltxf;, of}g cled'vLs/0f, uDeL/ lsl;dsf]b'Jo{jxf/af6 hf]ufpg /fHosf] sf/jfxLsf sf/0faf6 jf /fHon] kof{Kt sbd grfn]sf sf/0faf6
pTkGg x'g] b'Jo{jxf/af6 hf]lug cf>o vf]Hg / pkef]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ ;a} JolQmnfO{ 5 .
 lnË, n}+lustf, n}+lus klxrfg, of}g Oltxf; jf of}g klxrfg jf Pr=cfO{=eL= sf] l:yltsf
cfwf/df s'g}klg JolQmnfO{ /fHon] b]z lgsfnf ug{ kfp“b}g .

.. wf/f $ .. uf]Kotf /fVg kfpg] clwsf/• ljgf s'g} hf]/h'n'd jf ha/h:tL ;a}nfO{ cfkm\gf] of}g :jtGqtfsf] pkef]u ug{sf nflu geO{gx'g], uf]Kotf, kl/jf/, 3/, sfuhft tyf cGo k|sf/sf lr7Lkqsf cfwf/df JolQmut uf]Kotf eË
ug{ glbg] clwsf/ 5 .
• ;a} dflg; ljgf s'g} hf]/h'n'd jf ha/h:tL of}gsf dfdnfdf :jfoQ 5g\ / cfÏgf] of}lgstf,of}g Jojxf/ / of}g 3lgi7tf ;DaGwL lg0f{o lng ;Ifd x'g]5g\ .
• ;a} JolQmnfO{ of}g :jf:Yo ;]jf / ;'ljwf tyf d]l8sn /]s8{sf ;fy} PrcfO{eLsf] cj:yf Pjd\
cGo k|sf/sf ;"rgf uf]Ko /fVg kfpg] clwsf/ 5 . s'g}klg k|sf/sf] ha/h:tLn] uf]Kotf e+u ug]{
jf To;/L e+u ug]{ wDsLaf6, ljgfe]befj, cg'dlt ;Ldf;Ddsf], k|]mdjs{leq /xL ;'/lIft x'g kfpg]
clwsf/ 5 .
• s'g}klg JolQmnfO{ cfÏgf] of}lgstfsf] 5gf]6, of}g Oltxf;, of}g;fyL, of}g Jojxf/ tyfof}lgstf;DaGwL cGo ljifodf hfgsf/L jf ;"rgf e+u x'gaf6 lgoGq0f ug]{ clwsf/ 5 .

.. wf/f % .. JolQmut :jfoQtf tyf sfg'gL dfGotf kfpg] clwsf/• ;a} JolQmnfO{ :jtGq lsl;dn] of}lgstf;DaGwL ljifodf cfˆgf of}g;fyL rog ug{, e/k"/of}g;'v k|fKt ug{, e]befj/lxt 9+un] c¿sf clwsf/sf] k"0f{ ;Ddfg ub}{ tyf afnaflnsfsf] x's“{b}u/]sf] IfdtfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L :jtGqtfk"j{s lgoGq0f tyf lg0f{o lng] clwsf/ 5 / pgLx¿nfO{of}g :jtGqtf Pjd\ sfg'gsf cufl8 dfGotf kfpg] clwsf/ 5 .
• ;a} JolQmnfO{ hxf“;'s} tyf h'g;'s} cfwf/df klg e]befjljgf sfg'gsf cufl8 dfGotf kfpg]
clwsf/ 5 .
• ;a} JolQmnfO{ ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts / cfly{scj:yfsf] jftfj/0fdf clwsf/ / :jtGqtf kfpg],e]befj, lx+;f tyf ha/h:tLaf6 d'Qm /xL cfˆgf] :jfoQ tyf ;DaGwut of}g cEof; / cfr/0fug]{ clwsf/ 5 .
• s'g}klg JolStnfO{ kf/:kl/s ;xdltdf /flvPsf] of}g ;DaGw jf Jojxf/nfO{ lnP/ ha/h:tL
ck/fwLs/0f u/L sfg'g nufpg ldNb}g g t ln+u, of}lgstf, n}+lustf jf ;xdltd"ns of}gcEof;sf cfwf/df s;}nfO{ lu/km\tf/ ug{ jf y'g5]s ug{ g} kfOG5 .

• lx/f;tdf /x]sf s;}nfO{ klg lgif]wfTds e]befjsf cfwf/df b'Jo{jxf/ tyf Ifltsf] vt/f df]Ng'
gkg]{ clwsf/ 5 . lx/f;tdf /x]sf hf];'s}nfO{ klg ;LdfGtLs/0faf6 aRg] / lgoldt¿kdf klt jf
kTgL;Fu e]63f6 ug]{ clwsf/ 5 .











All persons in custody have a right not
to face abuse or risk of harm on thebasis of any prohibited grounds of
discrimination. All persons in custody
have the right to protection frommarginalization56 and to have regularconjugal visits.57
All persons shall enjoy freedom fromthe harms associated with the crime oftrafficking.58
No person shall be subjected to
involuntary medical research orprocedures, forced to undergo medical
testingorarbitrary
medicalconfinement on the grounds ofprotected sexual expression; sexual
orientation;
sexualhistoryor
behaviour, real or imputed or gender
identity or expression.
No person shall be forced to undergo
medical procedures, including sex
reassignment surgery, sterilization or
hormonal therapy, as a requirement
for legal recognition of their gender
identity or be subjected to pressure toconceal, suppress or deny his/her sex,age, gender, gender identity or sexual
orientation.
No person shall be denied identity
papers which indicate his/her genderor sex as reflecting the person’s
selfdefined gender identity, including
but not limited to birth certificates,
passports and electoral records.

Article 6
Right to freedom ofthought,
opinionandexpression;
righttoassociation•

All persons have the right to exercise
freedom of thought, opinion andexpression
regarding
ideas
on

•

•

•

•

•

sexuality, sexual orientation, gender
identity and sexual rights, without
arbitrary intrusions or limitations basedon dominant cultural beliefs or political
ideology, or discriminatory notions ofpublic order, public morality, publichealth or public security.59
All persons have the right to freedomof thought, conscience and religion,60
including the right to hold opinions
without
interference,
withinaframework of non-discrimination andrespect for the evolving capacity ofchildren.
All persons have the right to explore
their sexuality, to have dreams andfantasies free from fear, shame, guilt,
false beliefs and other impediments tothe free expression of their desires,with full regard for the rights of others.
All persons, particularly women, havethe right to expressions of identity or
personhood
throughspeech,deportment,
dress,
bodilycharacteristics, choice of name andother means without restriction.61
All persons have the freedom to seek,
receive and impart information andideas with regards to human rights,
sexual rights, sexual orientation,
gender identity and sexuality throughany legal medium and regardless offrontiers, within a framework of nondiscrimination
andtaking
into
consideration the rights of others andthe evolving capacity of children.
All persons have the right to freedomofpeaceful
assemblyandassociation62 in diverse formations.
This includes the right to establish,join
andcreategroupsandorganizations
andtodevelop,
exchange, campaign and impart
information and ideas on issues
related to human rights, sexual rights,
sexuality, sexual orientation andgender identity through any medium,
within the framework of a social orderin which the rights and freedoms of all
can be fully realized.

• s'g}klg JolStnfO{ dfgj cf];f/k;f/;Fu ;DalGwt ck/fwsf] sf/0faf6 x'g hfg]
xflggf]S;fgLaf6 d'St x'g] clwsf/ 5 .
• s'g}klg JolStnfO{ u}/:j]lR5s cf}iflwhGo cg';Gwfg jf ljlwsf] -medical researchand procedure_ k|of]hgsf nflu pkof]u ug{, ha/h:tL s'g} cf}iflw k/LIf0f ug{df;fd]n ug{ jf jf:tljs jf cf/f]lkt h]h:tf] eP tfklg ;'/lIft of}lgs cleJolSt,of}g cled'vLs/0f, of}g Oltxf; jf Jojxf/sf cfwf/df ha/h:tL cf}iflwhGo >dug{ afWo kfg{ ldNb}g .
• s'g}klg JolStnfO{ sfg'gL dfGotfsf nflu n}+lus klxrfg cfjZos kg]{ x'gfn]
ha/h:tL ln+u abNg ul/g] zNolrlsT;f, xfdf]{gsf] pkrf/ -hormonal therapy_,
aGWofs/0f, cf}ifwLo ljlw / k|lqmofdf ;fd]n ug{ ldNb}g . o;}u/L s'g}klg JolStsf]pd]/, ln+u, n}+lustf, n}+lus klxrfg jf n}+lus cled'vLs/0f cflbnfO{ n'sfpg, bdg
ug{ jf OGsf/ ug{ ldNb}g .
• s'g} JolStsf]] n}+lustf, ;fdflhs ln+u, n}+lus klxrfg cflb :jod\ lgwf{l/t u/]sf]k|ltljlDat x''g] vfnsf hGd k|df0fkq, /fxbfgL jf lgjf{rg k|of]hgsf nflu /flvPsf]clen]vnufot cGo k|df0f–kq;d]t k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/nfO{ OGsf/ ug{ ldNb}g .

.. wf/f ^ .. ljrf/, wf/0ff / cleJolQmsf] clwsf/, ;+3;+:yfdf cfa4 x'g kfpg] clwsf/M• bdgsf/L ;f+:s[lts ljZjf; jf /fhgLlts ljrf/wf/f jf ;fdflhs g}ltstf,;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo jf ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff / ;fj{hlgs Joj:yf sfod ug]{ gfddf /flvg]e]befjd"ns dfGotfsf cfwf/df s;}nfO{ klg ha/h:tL jf ;Lldt gu/L ;a}
JolQmnfO{ of}lgstf, of}g cled'vLs/0f, n}+lus klxrfg / of}g clwsf/;DaGwL cfkm\gf
ljrf/ / wf/0ff JoQm ug]{ cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf 5 .
• ;a} JolQmnfO{ afnaflnsfsf] a9\bf] x}l;otnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL e]befj / x:tIf]kljgf
cfkm\gf] ljrf/ /fVg kfpg]] :jtGqtfsf ;fy} ljrf/, r]tgf / wd{ dfGg] :jtGqtf 5 .
• ;a} JolStnfO{ nfh, ;+sf]r, xLgtfef; / cGwljZjf; Pjd\ cGo s'g}klg lgoGq0fsf/L
tTjx¿af6 g8/fOsg cfkm\gf] of}lgstf vf]Hg], ;kgf b]Vg], kl/sNkgf ug]{ clwsf/ 5.
• ;a} JolQmnfO{, vf;u/L dlxnfnfO{, af]n]/, Jojxf/ u/]/, kf]zfs nufP/, zf/Ll/sljz]iftf b]vfP/, gfdsf] 5gf]6 u/]/ jf cGo dfWodaf6 cfkm\gf] JolStTj JoQm ug]{
clwsf/ 5 .
• ;a} JolQmnfO{ afnaflnsfsf] a9\bf] x}l;otnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL s'g} ;Ldf / e]befjljgf
dfgj clwsf/, of}g clwsf/, of}g cled'vLs/0f, n}+lus klxrfg / of}lgstf;DaGwL
hfgsf/L jf ;"rgf s'g}klg k|sf/sf] sfg'gL dfWodaf6 vf]Hg], lng] / k|of]u ug]{
clwsf/ 5 .
• ;a} JolQmnfO{ ljljwtfo'Qm ;+/rgfdf zflGtk"0f{¿kdf ;+ul7t x'g] / ;+3;+:yfdf cfa4x'g] :jtGqtf 5 . o;df ;d"xx¿ vf]Ng, :yfkgf ug{, cfa4 x'g tyf s'g}klg
dfWodaf6 ;fdflhs Joj:yfsf] s'g}klgtxdf clwsf/ / :jtGqtf pkef]u ug{sfnflu dfgj clwsf/, of}g clwsf/, of}g cled'vLs/0f, n}+lus klxrfg /of}lgstf;DaGwL ljifosf s'g}klg ;"rgf jf ljrf/ ljsl;t ug{, cfbfgk|bfg ug{,
cleofg rnfpg tyf cfk"mdf ;dflxt ug{ ;lsg]h:tf clwsf/ klg kb{5g\ .

Article 7
Right to health and to thebenefitsofscientificprogress
•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

All persons have a right to theenjoyment of the highest attainable
standard of physical and mental
health,63 which includes the underlying
determinants of health64 and access tosexual health care for prevention,
diagnosis and treatment of all sexual
concerns, problems and disorders.
All persons have the right to insist on
safer sex for the prevention of unwanted
pregnancy and sexually transmitted
infections, including HIV and AIDS.
All persons have the right to participate
in the establishment of laws, policies,
programmes and services pertaining to
public health in their communities.
All health interventions must be sensitive
to the special needs of marginalized
individuals and communities.
All persons shall have access to healthcare and services independently of the
conscientious objection of health service
providers.65
All persons have the right to accessinformation about sexual rights, sexual
orientation, sexuality and gender identity
in relation to health, and to access thebest possible health services based
upon evidence and scientifically valid
research.
All persons, including sex workers, havethe right to safe working conditions,access to health services, and the
support and protection necessary to beable to insist on safer sex practices withall partners and clients.
All persons in armed conflict or forced
displacement shall have access tocomprehensive sexual and reproductive
health services.
All persons have the right to enjoy thebenefits of scientific progress and its
applications66 to sexual rights and sexual
health.
All persons shall have the right andmeans to access or refuse reproductive
health technologies, services or medical
interventions on an equal basis withothers, without discrimination. Agebased restrictions to this entitlement
must meet the requirements of•

nondiscrimination and the principle ofthe evolving capacity of the child.
All persons shall have the right andmeans to access or to refuse
participation in scientific research on an
equal basis with others, and without
discrimination.

Article 8
Right to education andinformation
•

•

•

•
•

•

•

All persons, without discrimination, havethe right to education and information
generally
andtocomprehensive
sexuality education and informationnecessary and useful to exercise fullcitizenship and equality in the private,public and political domains.
All persons have the right to education
aimed at eradicating stigma anddiscrimination,
promotingthedevelopment of young people as
informed actors taking responsibility for
their lives and empowering them toparticipate
indetermining
policyregarding sexual health and sexuality
education.67
All persons and young people inparticular have the right to give input oncomprehensive
sexuality
education
programmes
andsexuality-related
policies.
All persons have the right to the means
to develop skills to negotiate stronger
and more equitable relationships.
All persons shall, without regard tonational borders, have access to nontraditional and traditional information in
all mediums that enhances sexuality,
sexual rights and sexual health; young
people in particular shall have access to
information on sexually and gender nonconforming lives and sexual relations.
All persons shall have access tocommunity-, school-, and health service
provider-based information regarding
sexuality in understandable language,
including information on the means toensure sexual and reproductive healthand decision-making on when, how, andwith whom to have sex and when sexual
behavior will become reproductive.68
All persons have the right to sufficient
education and information to ensure thatany decisions they make related to theirsexual and reproductive life are madewith full, free and informed consent.69

.. wf/f & .. :jf:Yo tyf lj1fgsf] k|ultsf] nfe k|fKt ug{ kfpg] clwsf/• ;a} JolQmnfO{ zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s :jf:Yosf] pRrtd dfkb08 k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ 5 .
o;cGtu{t :jf:Yosf cfwf/e"t lgwf{/s tTjx¿sf ;fy} of}g ;DaGwL rf;f], ;d:of tyf
v/faLsf] lgbfg, pkrf/ / /f]syfd kb{5g\ .
• ;a} JolQmnfO{ clglR5t uef{wfgaf6 / Pr\cfO{eL P8\;nufotsf of}ghGo ;+qmd0faf6 aRg;'/lIft of}gsf nflu cu|;/ x'g] clwsf/ 5 .
• ;a} JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;d'bfodf ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo /fd|f] /fVg sfg'g, gLlt, sfo{qmd / ;]jfsf]:yfkgf ug{df ;xefuL x'g] clwsf/ 5 .
• ;a} :jf:Yo ;]jf / sfo{qmd ;LdfGtLs[t JolQm / ;d'bfosf ljz]if cfjZostfk|lt ;+j]bgzLn
x'g'kb{5 .
• ;a} JolQmsf] :jtGqtfk"j{s :jf:Yo ;]jf k|bfosx¿af6 cTolws dfqfdf ;]jf lng kfpg] u/L:jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'“r x'g'kb{5 .
• ;a} JolQmnfO{ :jf:Yo;Fu ;DalGwt of}g clwsf/, of}g cled'vLs/0f, of}lgstf, tyf n}+lus
klxrfgaf/]sf ;"rgfdf kx'“r x'g'kb{5 / ;Dej eP;Ddsf] j}1flgs¿kdf k|dfl0ft dfGotfk|fKt
cg';Gwfg / k|df0fdf cfwfl/t :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'“r x'g'kb{5 .
• of}gsdL{nufot ;a} JolQmnfO{ sfd ug]{ ;'/lIft cj:yf, :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'“r, ;'/lIft of}g ;DaGw/fVgsf nflu cfjZos ;xof]u tyf ;'/Iff kfpg] clwsf/ 5 .
• ha/h:tL lj:yflkt ul/Psf jf ;z:q åGådf k/]sf ;a} JolQmsf nflu Jofks¿kdf of}g tyf
k|hgg :jf:Yo ;]jfdf kx'“r x'g'kb{5 .
• ;a} JolQmnfO{ of}g :jf:Yo / of}g clwsf/sf] pkef]usf nflu j}1flgs pGgltaf6 nfe kfpg]
clwsf/ 5 . ;a} JolQmnfO{ cGo JolQm;/x, e]befjljgf, k|hgg :jf:Yo k|ljlw, ;]jf tyfcf}ifwf]krf/ sfo{qmd gfd~h'/ ug]{ clwsf/ 5 . o;df e]befj/lxttf tyf afnaflnsfsf] a9\bf]x}l;oth:tf pd]/df cfwfl/t ;LdfnfO{;d]t Vofn ug'{kg]{5 .
• ;a}nfO{ cGo;/x ;dfg cfwf/df ljgfe]befj j}1flgs cg';Gwfgdf ;xefuL x'g :jLsf/ ug]{ jfOGsf/ ug]{ clwsf/ 5 .

.. wf/f * .. ;"rgf tyf lzIff kfpg] clwsf/• ;a} JolQmnfO{ ljgfe]befj ;fdfGotof k"/} gful/ssf] x}l;ot k|fKt ug{ lghL, ;fj{hlgs, //fhgLlts If]qdf ;dfgtfsf nflu pkof]uL tyf cfjZos kg]{ lzIff / ;"rgf kfpg] clwsf/ 5 .
• ;a}nfO{ nf~5gf / e]befj pGd"ngsf nflu ;';"lrt sfo{stf{sf ¿kdf cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] lhDd]jf/L
jxg ug{ o'jfx¿nfO{ of}g :jf:Yo tyf of}g lzIff;DaGwL gLlt lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfddf ;xefuL x'g;Ifd x'g] u/L ljsl;t ug{ nlIot ul/Psf] lzIff kfpg] clwsf/ 5 .
• ;a} JolQm / vf;u/L o'jfx¿nfO{ of}g;DaGwL gLlt tyf Jofks of}g lzIff sfo{qmddf
cfkm\gf]tkm{af6 of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] clwsf/ 5 .
• ;a} JolStnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s cfkm\gf s'/f /fVg] tyf a9LeGbf a9L ;dfgtfk"0f{ ;DaGw /fVgsf nflu
;Lk ljsf; ug]{ dfWoddflysf] clwsf/ 5 .
• ;a}nfO{ / vf;u/L o'jfx¿nfO{ /fli6«o ;f“w;Ldfgfleq dfq ;Lldt g/xL of}lgstf jf ln+ugtf]lsPsf dflg;x¿sf of}lgstfaf/] tyf of}g clwsf/ tyf of}g :jf:Yo k|j4{gsf ;a}h;f]k/Dk/fut tyf u}/k/Dk/fut dfWodaf6 ;"rgf kfpg] clwsf/ 5 .
• ;a} JolStnfO{ of}lgstfaf/] a'em\g ;lsg] efiffdf ;d'bfo, ljBfno, tyf :jf:Yo ;]jf lbg];+:yfdf /x]sf ;"rgf kfpg] clwsf/ 5 . o;df of}g tyf k|hgg :jf:Yo, slxn], s;/L / sf];Fu

;Def]u ug]{ tyf slxn] of}g ;DaGwaf6 aRrf hGdfpg nfos eOG5 eGg];DaGwdf lg0f{o ug{sfnflu rflxg] dfWod;DaGwL ;"rgf kfpg] xs;d]t kb{5 .
• ;a}nfO{ cfk"mn] cfkm\gf of}lgs tyf k|hgg hLjg k"0f{, :jtGq / ;';"lrt k/fdz{o'Qm agfpgu/]sf lg0f{o;DaGwL kof{Kt lzIff / ;"rgf kfpg] clwsf/ 5 .

Article 9
Righttochoosewhether or not to marry
and to found and plan afamily, and to decide
whether or not, how
and when, to haveChildren

•

•

•
•

•

•

All persons have the right to choose
whether or not to marry, whether or
not to found and plan a family, whento have children and to decide thenumber and spacing of their children
freely and responsibly, within anenvironment in which laws andpolicies recognize the diversity offamily forms as including those notdefined by descent or marriage.70
All persons have the right to enter
freely and with full consent into
marriageorotherpartnershiparrangements which shall be available
to all within the framework of nondiscrimination and with due regard to
the evolving capacity of children.
All persons have the right to familyrelated social welfare and other publicbenefits such as those regarding
employment
andimmigration,
independently of the family form they
have chosen to found, including those
not defined by descent or marriage.

••

All persons have the right to haveaccess to the information, educationand to the means they need to be able
to decide whether or not and when tohave children to decide freely andresponsibly the number and spacingof their children.71
All persons have the right to make freeand responsible choices regarding
reproduction and family formation;
including the right to decide whether
or not to have biological or adopted
children, as well as to all safe,
effective, acceptable and affordable
methods
offertility
regulation,
reproductive
technologies,
andtreatments.
All persons have the right tocounselling and other services related
toreproduction,
infertility
andpregnancy termination, irrespective of
marital status, and within a frameworkof non-discrimination and taking into
account the evolving capacity ofchildren.
All women have the right toinformation, education and services
necessary for the protection of
reproductive health, safe motherhoodand safe abortion, which areaccessible, affordable, acceptable andconvenient to all users.
All persons shall have the same rights
and responsibilities with regard toguardianship,
trusteeshipandadoption of children, or similar
institutions where these concepts exist
in national legislation, within aframework of non-discrimination; in allcases the best interests of the children
shall be paramount.

.. wf/f ( .. ljx] ug]{ jf gug]{, kl/jf/ a;fpg] of lgof]hg ug]{, aRrf hGdfpg] jf

ghGdfpg], slxn] / s;/L hGdfpg] ;f]af/] :j]R5fn] 5gf]6 ug{ kfpg] clwsf/• ;a} JolQm, j+z jf j}jflxsl:ylt ls6fg geO;s]sfx¿;d]t -h:t} b]xJofkf/sf]
qmddf hGd]sf jf lax] k|dfl0ft gePsf_, nfO{ sfg'g / gLltx¿n] dfGotf
lbPcg';f/sf] ljljwtfk"0f{ kfl/jfl/s:j¿ksf] jftfj/0fdf lax] ug]{ jf gug]{, kl/jf/
a;fpg] of kl/jf/ lgof]hg ug]{, aRrf hGdfpg] jf ghGdfpg], slxn], slthgf /slt ;dosf] cGt/df aRrf hGdfpg] ;f]af/] :jtGqtfk"j{s / lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s 5gf]6
ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ 5 .
• afnaflnsfsf] a9\bf] x}l;otnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ;a}nfO{ ljgfe]befj :jtGqtfk"j{sj}jflxs ;DaGw uf“:g / pknAw ;a} k|sf/sf ;fem]bf/L ;DaGw sfod ug]{ clwsf/ 5.
• ;a}nfO{, j+z jf j}jflxsl:ylt ls6fg geO;s]sfx¿;d]tnfO{, kl/jf/;DalGwt/f]huf/L / cWofudgh:tf ;fdflhs sNof0f tyf cGo ;fj{hlgs nfe 5gf]6 ug]{
clwsf/ 5 .
• ;a}nfO{ aRrf hGdfpg] jf ghGdfpg], hGdfpg] eP slthgf aRrf hGdfpg], slt;dofGt/df hGdfpg] eGg] ljifodf :jtGqtfk"j{s / lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]
dfWod tyf ;"rgf / lzIff kfpg] clwsf/ 5 .
• ;a}nfO{ cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ a;fpg], ga;fpg] / aRrf hGdfpg], ghGdfpg]af/]:jtGqtfk"j{s / lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s 5gf]6 ug]{ clwsf/ 5 . ;fy} wd{k'q jf wd{k'qL /fVg]
jf g/fVg] tyf aRrf hGdfpg] IfdtfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg, k|hgg k|ljlw / pkrf/
ug{sf nflu ;'/lIft, k|efjsf/L, :jLsf/of]Uo Pjd\ cjnDagof]Uo ljlw ckgfpg] of
gckgfpg]af/] 5gf]6 ug]{ clwsf/ 5 .
• afnaflnsfsf] a9\bf] x}l;otnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ljgfe]befj, rfx] p;sf] j}jflxsl:ylt
ls6fg ePsf] xf];\ jf gxf];\, ;a}nfO{ af“emf]kg tyf ue{ /fVg] jf g/fVg] eGg] ljifodf
k/fdz{ tyf k|hgg;Fu ;DalGwt ;]jf lng kfpg] clwsf/ 5 .
• ;a} dlxnfnfO{ ;a} k|of]ustf{nfO{e}Fm kx'“rdf /x]sf, ckgfpg ;lsg], :jLsf/of]Uo /;'ljwfhgs ;]jf;'ljwf cfkm\gf] k|hgg :jf:Yo, ;'/lIft dft[Tj tyf ;'/lIftue{ktgh:tf clwsf/sf] /Iffsf nflu ;"rgf, lzIff / ;]jf kfpg] clwsf/ 5 .
• /fli6«o sfg'gdf To:tf ;+:yfsf] cjwf/0ff ePsf v08df afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{QdlxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ;a} JolStnfO{ cleefjsTj lng], u'7L agfpg] -trusteeship_
tyf wd{;Gtfg u|x0f ug]{ plQs} clwsf/ 5 .

Article 10
Right to accountability
and redress
•

•

•

•

All persons have the right to effective,
adequate, accessible and appropriate
educative, legislative, judicial and othermeasures to ensure and demand that
those
who are duty-bound to uphold sexual
rights are fully accountable to them. This
includes the ability to monitor the
implementation of sexual rights and toaccess remedies for violations of sexual
rights, including access to full redress
through restitution, compensation,
rehabilitation, satisfaction, guarantee of
non-repetition and any other means.72
States shall establish mechanisms ofaccountability for ensuring that their
obligations related to the guarantee of
sexual rights are fully upheld.
All persons shall have the right toaccess effective mechanisms foraccountability and redress during armed

•

•

•

conflict, especially in relation to sexualand gender-based violence.
All persons shall have access to theinformation and assistance necessary to
be able to seek remedies and secure
redress for violations of their sexual
rights.
All persons have the right to hold toaccount non-state actors whose actions
or omissions impact upon theirenjoyment of sexual rights. This includes
the ability to seek remedies and redressfor any violations of sexual rights.
States shall take steps to prevent third
parties from violating the sexual rights ofothers.

IPPF is committed to do all within its
capabilities, including providing technicalassistance, capacity building and financial
assistance, to encourage all its Member
Associations to advocate for sexual rights,
provide client oriented non-discriminatory
sexual health services, information andcomprehensive sexuality education; and treat
their staff and participants in their programmes
and projects in accordance with the Principles
and Sexual Rights incorporated in thisDeclaration.

.. wf/f !) .. hjfkmb]lxtf / Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] clwsf/M• ;a} JolStnfO{ of}g clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ st{Jo tf]lsPsf JolSt jf lgsfox¿ k"0f{¿kdf
cfk"mk|lt hjfkmb]xL /x]sf] ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu k|efjsf/L, kof{Kt dfqfdf, kx'“rof]Uo/ pko'Qm z}lIfs, sfg'gL, Goflos jf cGo pkfo ckgfpg] clwsf/ 5 . o;df of}g
clwsf/sf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg ug]{ Ifdtf, of}g clwsf/sf xgg ePsf v08df
To;sf] Ifltk"lt{ ug]{, /sd c;'npk/ ug]{, k'g:yf{kg ug]{, ;Gt'i6 kfg]{, cfZj:t kfg]{
jf s'g}klg xfntdf To:tf 36gf gbf]xf]¥ofpg]h:tf kIf kb{5g\ .
• /fHox¿n] of}g clwsf/ k|Tofe"t ug]{ ;Gbe{df cfkm\gf jfWofTds st{Jo kfng ug{
hjfkmb]xL /xg] ;+oGqx¿sf] :yfkgf ug'{kb{5 .
• ;a} JolQmn] ;z:q åGåsf ;dodf vf;u/L of}g tyf n}+lustfdf cfwfl/t lx+;f;Fu;DalGwt dfdnfdf hjfkmb]lxtf / Ifltk"lt{sf nflu k|efjsf/L ;+oGqdf kx'“r /fVg
kfpg'k5{ .
• ;a} JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf s'g}klg of}g clwsf/ xgg ePsf] cj:yfdf Ifltk"lt{ tyfpkrf/ kfpg] xssf] ;'/Iffsf nflu ;"rgf / ;xof]u vf]Hg] clwsf/ 5 .
• /fHox¿n] t];|f] kIfaf6 c¿sf] of}g clwsf/x¿sf] xgg x'gaf6 /f]syfd ug{ sbd
rfNg'kb{5 .
cfO{kLkLPkm cfkm\gf x}l;otn] EofPsf] xb;Dd cfkm\gf ;a} ;b:o;+3x¿nfO{ k|fljlws ;xof]u,
Ifdtf clej[l4 tyf cfly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fO{ of}g clwsf/x¿sf] ;]jfu|fxLd'vLe]befj/lxt of}g :jf:Yo ;]jf, ;"rgf / Jofks of}glzIff pknAw u/fpg tyf o; 3f]if0ffdf;dfj]z ul/Psf l;4fGt / of}g clwsf/x¿cg'¿k ltgsf sd{rf/L / ;xefuLx¿nfO{
sfo{qmd / kl/of]hgfx¿af6 ;Daf]wg ub}{ jsfntsf nflu k|f]T;flxt ug{ k|lta4 5 .

References and notes
These notes identify the sources of the principles andentitlements that IPPF has set out in Sexual Rights: An IPPF
Declaration
The sources include core international human rights instruments and authoritative interpretations ofinternational standards. We also include references that support additional entitlements which
IPPF believes are implicit in the core international standards. These sources include laws and policies
from national governments, and articulations of international human rights scholars, advocates, andprocesses undertaken by IPPF Member Associations.
The full text of the 1995 IPPF Charter on Sexual and Reproductive Rights can be found at• :www.ippf.org/en/Resources/Statements/IPPF+Charter+on+Sexual+and+Reproductive+Rights.htm• The full text of many of the international standards and reports of United Nations human rights
bodies can be found at the web site of the United Nations’ Office of the High Commissioner of
Human Rights: www.ohchr.org• For the full discussion of sexual rights and sexual health by the WHO, see:www.who.int/reproductive-health/gender/sexualhealth.html#4• The full text of the Yogyakarta Principles: Principles on the Application of International Human
Rights Law in Relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (Yogyakarta Principles) (2007) can
be found at: www.yogyakartaprinciples.org

;Gbe{ / l6Kk0fL
oxf“ lbOPsf l6Kk0fLx¿n] cfO{kLkLPkmn] of}g clwsf/;DaGwL cfO{kLkLPkm 3f]if0ffkqdf
lgwf{/0f u/]sf l;4fGt tyf k|of]usf ;|f]tx¿ s]–s] x'g\ eGg] b]vfp“5g\ .
o:tf ;|f]tx¿df d'Vo–d'Vo cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ ;lGwx¿ / ltgsf] cGt/f{li6«odfgsx¿sf] cflwsfl/s JofVof kb{5g\ . oxf“ cfO{kLkLPkmn] vf;–vf; cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08df
z+sf/lxt 7fg]sf / yk pkof]udf d2t ug]{ vfnsf ;Gbe{x¿ klg lbPsf] 5 . logdf /fli6«o;/sf/sf gLltlgod / sfg'g, cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/sf ljåfg\ hfgsf/x¿, k}/jLstf{x¿tyf cfO{kLkLPkmsf ;b:o;+:yfx¿n] c+uLsf/ u/]sf dfGotf / k|lqmof klg kb{5g\ .
•of}g tyf k|hgg clwsf/;DaGwL cfO{kLkLPkm a8fkq !((% sf] k"0f{kf7
www.ippf.org/en/Resources/Statements/IPPF+Charter+on+Sexual+and+Rep
roductive+Rights.htm df x]g{ ;lsG5 .

• sltko dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfox¿sf k|ltj]bg, tyf
cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08x¿sf k"0f{ kf7x¿ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] dfgj clwsf/;DaGwLpRRffo'Qmsf] sfof{nosf] j]a;fO6 www.ohchr.org df x]g{ ;lsG5 .
• ljZj :jf:Yo ;Fu7gn] rnfPsf of}g clwsf/ / of}g :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{
5nkmnx¿x]g{lSns
ug'{xf];\–www.who.int/reproductivehealth/gender/sexualhealth.html#4 df .
• of]Uofsf6f{ l;4fGtx¿sf] k"0f{kf7 M n}+lus klxrfg tyf of}lgs cled'vLs/0f;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjogsf l;4fGtx¿ -of]Uofsf6f{
l;4fGt_ -@))&_ www.yogyakartaprinciples.org df kfpg ;lsG5 .

Endnotes
1

2

3

4

5
6

7

8

9
10

International Bill of Human Rights:
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and its 2 Optional Protocols
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
Core International Human Rights Instruments and their Monitoring Bodies:International Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD)- Monitoring Body:
CERD
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)- Monitoring Body:
CEDAW and its Optional Protocol
Convention against Torture and other forms of Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment (CAT)- Monitoring
Body: CAT and its Optional Protocol
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and its 2 Optional Protocols
Monitoring Body: CRC International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers andMembers of Their Families (CMW)
Monitoring Body: CMW
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Date of entry into force: 3 May 2008)
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (in force as of May
2008)
In addition to the core Human Rights Treaties, there are a number of international human rights instrumentsthat are, although not legally binding, an undeniable moral force and provide practical guidance to States intheir conduct. These include:
Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
United Nations Millennium Declaration
United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
United Nations Declaration on the Right to Development
Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages
Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS
The CESCR Committee has stated that States that the right to health contains freedoms which include theright to decide over one’s health and body, including sexual and reproductive freedom. Committee on
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights:
General Comment 14: The right to the highest attainable standard of health. UN Document E/C.12/2000/4
11 August 2000.
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health to the 60th Session of the Commission on Human
Rights, UN
Document E/CN.4/2004/49 (2004) at para 9.
Sexuality is situated at the intersection of the social and the individual and emerges from a dynamic
interaction among social, economic, political and cultural structures at the local, national and international
level. This dynamic informs all people’s sense of themselves, and others, as having sexual rights.
Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Health, E/CN.4/2004/49 (2004) at para. 55.
The process for recognizing such situations will be similar to that used in the case of Member Associations
implementing fewer than all the goals of the Strategic Framework for specific reasons related to theircountry context, including the law. A country situational analysis will be carried out by the Member
Association, and will be documented. An agreement will be entered into between the Regional
Director/Regional Executive Committee and the Member Association.
See Ilkkaracan, P. and Jolly, S. (2007) Gender and Sexuality: Overview Report (BRIDGE: Institute forDevelopment Studies) at:
www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports_gend_CEP.html#Sexuality
Equity is fairness and justice in the distribution of benefits and responsibilities. The concept of gender equity
recognizes that women and men have different needs and power and that these differences should be
identified and addressed in a manner that rectifies the imbalance between the sexes
Equality is the absence of discrimination in opportunities and the allocation of resources or benefits or inaccess to services.
Gender equity refers to situations where needs of men and women are different, resources andprogrammatic attention should be in proportion to those needs; equal opportunities should be ensured; andif necessary, different treatment and attention should be provided to guarantee equality of results andoutcomes and redress historical and social disadvantages experienced by women.

k'R5«] l6Kk0fLM!= dfgj clwsf/af/]sf] cGt/f{li6«o ljw]osM• dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff–kq -UDHR_• gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/ -ICCPR_ af/]sf cGt/f{li6«o ;xdlt tyf o;sf b'O{ cltl/Qm k|n]vx¿• cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ -ICESCR _ ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;xdlt
d'Vo–d'Vo cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ Joj:yf tyf ltgsf] cg'udgstf{ lgsfox¿• ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo e]befj pGd"ng ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw -ICERD_, cg'udgstf{ lgsfo CERD
• Dlxnflj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj pGd"ng ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw -CEDAW_, cg'udgstf{ lgsfo
CEDAW tyf o;sf P]lR5s k|n]vx¿• oftgf tyf qm"/tf, cdfgjLo jf x]Kg]xf]Rofpg] Jojxf/lj?4 cle;lGw -CAT_, cg'udgstf{ lgsfo CAT tyf
o;sf P]lR5s k|n]vx¿• Affnaflnsfsf clwsf/ ;DaGwL dxf;lGw -CRC_ tyf o;sf b'O{ k|n]vx¿, cg'udgstf{ lgsfo CRC• ;a} cfk|jf;L sfdbf/ tyf ltgsf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw CMW_, cg'udgstf{ lgsfo CMW• ckf+utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] clwsf/;DaGwL ;lGw -@))*, d] @# tf/Lvb]lv nfu" ePsf]_• ha/h:tL a]kQf kfl/Psf ;a} JolQmx¿sf] ;+/If0f;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw -@))*, d] dlxgfb]lv nfu" ePsf]_
d'Vo–d'Vo dfgj clwsf/ ;lGwx¿sf ;fy} cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/sf cGo y'k|} Joj:yfx¿ klg 5g\ hf]
sfg'gL¿kdf jfWofTds 5}gg\, k/Gt' tL g}lts b[li6n] cv08gLo 5g\ / To:tf Joj:yfn] /fHox¿nfO{ cfkm\gf]
Jojxf/ ;'wfg{ Jofjxfl/s dfu{lgb]{z pknAw u/fp“5g\ . h:t}Mo sfo{of]hgf;DaGwL leogf 3f]if0ff–kq
o ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;x;|fAbL 3f]if0ff
o dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f pGd"ng ug{]af/]sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo 3f]if0ff
o ljsf;sf] clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo 3f]if0ff
o ljjfx;DaGwdf ;Ddlt lng], lax]sf] Go"gtd pd]/ / ljjfx btf{;DaGwL cle;lGw
o PrcfO{eL÷P8\;;DaGwL k|lta4tfsf] 3f]if0ff@= CESCR ;ldltn] :jf:Yosf] clwsf/df of}g tyf k|hgg :jtGqtfnufot cfkm\gf] :jf:Yo / z/L/dflysf] lg0f{o ug{
kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ /fv]sf] 5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ M ;fdfGo l6Kk0fL !$M :jf:Yosf] pRrtd:t/
xfl;n ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ . ;+/f;+ b:tfj]h O÷;L !@÷@)))÷ $ cu:t !!, @))) .
#= :jf:Yo;DaGwL] clwsf/sf ljz]if k|ltj]bsåf/f dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] ^) cf}+ ;ef;dIf k|:t't ul/Psf]] k|ltj]bg . ;+/f;+
b:tfj]h O÷;LPg $÷@))$÷$( -@))$_ cg'R5]b ( .
$= of}lgstf ;fdflhs tyf JolQmsf] ;lDdngdf lglxt x'G5 / :yfgLo, /fli6«o Pjd\ cGt/f{li6«otxsf ;fdflhs, cfly{s,/fhgLlts tyf ;f+:s[lts ;+/rgfsf] ultzLn cGtlq{mofaf6 lgM;[t x'G5 . oxL ultzLntfn] ;a} dflg;sf] of}g clwsf/ x'G5eGg]af/] cfk"m / c¿nfO{ a'em\g] Ifdtf lbG5 .
%= :jf:Yo;DaGwL] clwsf/sf ljz]if k|ltj]bsåf/f k|:t't ul/Psf]] k|ltj]bg . O÷;LPg $÷@))$÷$( -@))$_ cg'R5]b %% .
^= To:tfcj:yf ljBdfg /xG5 egL :jLsf/ ug]{ k|lqmof / ;b:o;+:yfx¿n] b]zljz]ifsf] ljlzi6 ;Gbe{df sfg'gnufotsf
ljljw sf/0fjz nIoeGbf yf]/}dfq sfd ug{ ;Sg' p:t} x'g hfg]5 . ;b:o;+:yfx¿n] b]zsf] kl/l:yltsf] cWoog ljZn]if0f
u/L clen]va4 ug]{5g\ . o;sf nflu If]qLo lgb]{zs÷If]qLo sfo{sf/L ;ldlt / ;b:o;+:yfx¿sf aLr Ps ;xdlt lgdf{0ful/g]5 .
&= x]gf]{;\ ONsf/fsg, kL= / hf]nL P;\=, -@))&_ h]08/ P08 ;]S;'cln6L M cf]j/Eo' l/kf]6{ -la|hM OlG:6Ro'6 km/\ 8]enkd]06:68Lh_ www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/reports gend CEPhtml#Sexuality*= ;dtf eg]sf] nfe / lhDd]jf/Lsf] :jR5 tyf Gofok"0f{ ljt/0f xf] . n}+lus ;dtfsf] cjwf/0ffn] dlxnf tyf k'?ifsf
cfkm\g}vfn] km/s–km/s cfjZostf / zlQm x'G5g\ / oL leGgtfnfO{ klxrfg u/L ln+u–ln+usf aLrdf ljBdfg c;Gt'ngsf]
cj:yfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{k5{ .
(= ;dfgtf eg]sf] cj;/ tyf ;|f]t jf nfesf] af“8kmf“8df jf ;]jfsf] kx'“rdf e]befj gePsf] cj:yf xf] .
!)= n}+lus ;dtfn] To:tf]cj:yfsf] ;ª\s]t ub{5 hxf“ dlxnf / k'?ifsf cfjZostf km/s–km/s x'G5g\, cfjZostfsf]
cg'kftdf ;|f]t pknAw u/fpg'k5{ / ToxLcg'¿k sfo{qmd s]lGb|t ug{'k5{, ;dfg cj;/sf] k|Tofe"lt x'g'k5{ / cfjZos k/]
kl/0ffd / nfedf ;dfgtf Nofpg cfZj:t kfg'{k5{ clg dlxnfn] P]ltxfl;s jf ;fdflhs¿kdf cg'ej u/]sf
nfeljxLgtfsf] nflu Ifltk"lt{ lbg'k5{ .

11

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14

15

16

17
18
19

20

21
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24

Gender equality refers to a measurable equal representation of women and men. Gender equality does not
imply that women and men are the same, but that they have equal value and should be accorded equal
treatment. Gender equality refers to both women and men’s ability to: share equally in the distribution of
power and influence; have equal opportunities, rights and obligations in the public and private spheres,
including in terms of work or income generation; have equal access to quality education and capacitybuilding opportunities; have equal possibility to develop their full potential; have equal access to resources
and services within families, communities and society at large; and to be treated equally in laws andpolicies. Gender equality does not mean that women and men are the same, but that their rights,
responsibilities and opportunities do not depend on their sex.
Convention on the Rights of the Child, Art. 5: States Parties shall respect the responsibilities, rights andduties of parents or, where applicable, the members of the extended family or community as provided for by
local custom, legal guardians or other persons legally responsible for the child, to provide, in a mannerconsistent with the evolving capacities of the child, appropriate direction and guidance in the exercise by
the child of the rights recognized in the present Convention. www2.ohchr.
org/english/law/crc.htm
Convention on the Rights of the Child, establishes the notion of people under 18 as rights holders. A
child, under current applications of international law, means every human being below the age of eighteen.
Convention on the Rights of the Child, Art 1: For the purposes of the present Convention, a child means
every human being below the age of eighteen years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is
attained earlier.
Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 3: (1.) In all actions concerning children, whether
undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities orlegislative bodies, the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. (2.) States Parties
undertake to ensure the child such protection and care as is necessary for his or her well-being, taking into
account the rights and duties of his or her parents, legal guardians, or other individuals legally responsible
for him or her, and, to this end, shall take all appropriate legislative and administrative measures. (3.) States
Parties shall ensure that the institutions, services and facilities responsible for the care or protection ofchildren shall conform with the standards established by competent authorities, particularly in the areas ofsafety, health, in the number and suitability of their staff, as well as competent supervision.
Convention on the Rights of the Child, Art. 5: States Parties shall respect the responsibilities, rights andduties of parents or, where applicable, the members of the extended family or community as provided for by
local custom, legal guardians or other persons legally responsible for the child, to provide, in a mannerconsistent with the evolving capacities of the child, appropriate direction and guidance in the exercise by
the child of the rights recognized in the present Convention.
Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 2.1: State parties shall respect and ensure the rights set
forth in the present Convention to each child within their jurisdiction without discrimination of any kind,irrespective of the child’s or his or her parent’s or legal guardian’s race, colour, sex, language, religion,
political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status.
Convention on the Rights of the Child, Article 6.2: States Parties shall ensure to the maximum extent
possible the survival and development of the child.
The framework of non-discrimination applies to all references to discrimination in this document.
Sex refers to the biological characteristics that define humans as female or male. While these sets ofbiological characteristics are not mutually exclusive, as there are individuals who possess both, they tend todifferentiate humans as males and females.
See Principle 2 of this Declaration. Discrimination on the basis of age is equally relevant to older people.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Art. 2.2: The States Parties to thepresent Covenant undertake to guarantee that the rights enunciated in the present Covenant will be
exercised without discrimination of any kind as to race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other
opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
Gender refers to the social, cultural and economic attributes and opportunities associated with being maleor female in a particular point in time.
Gender identity refers to a person’s internal self-awareness of being male or female; masculine or feminine.
Sexual orientation refers to the primary sexual attraction to the same, opposite or both sexes.
For examples of interpretations of international law regarding non-discrimination across all fields and in
relation to both purposive and ‘in effect’ discriminatory acts in the context of race, sex and gender-related
aspects of racial discrimination, see the Human Rights Committee’s, General Comment No.18: Nondiscrimination, UN Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.6 at 146, 2003.
See also, the Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination’s General
Recommendation 25: Genderrelated dimensions of racial discrimination, UN Doc A/55/18, 2000.

!!= n}+lus ;dfgtfn] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] dfkgof]Uo k|ltlglwTjnfO{ ;ª\s]t ub{5 . n}+lus ;dfgtfn] dlxnf / k'?if pxL /p:t} x'g\ eGb}g a? pgLx¿sf] ;dfg d"No / dxŒj 5 To;}n] b'j}nfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/ ul/g'k5{ eGg] 7fGb5 . o;n] dlxnf /k'?if b'j}sf] zlQm / k|efjsf] ljt/0fsf] plQs} nfef+z kfpg], cfocfh{gnufotsf lghL / ;fj{hlgs If]qdf plQs} ;dfg
cj;/ / clwsf/ kfpg], u'0f:t/Lo lzIff tyf Ifdtf clej[l4sf cj;/ k|fKt ug]{, cfkm\gf ;DefJotf k"0{ftof ljsl;t ug]{,
Jofks ;d'bfodf, ;dfhdf / kl/jf/leq klg ;]jf / ;|f]tdf kx“'r /fVg] tyf gLlt / sfg'gdf a/fa/ Jojxf/ kfpg]
ljifonfO{ ;d]6]sf] x'G5 . n}+lus ;dfgtfsf] cy{ dlxnf / k'?if pxL / p:t} x'g\ eGg] nfUb}g a? pgLx¿sf clwsf/,
lhDd]jf/L / cj;/ pgLx¿sf] k|fs[lts ln+udf lge{/ u/]sf] x'Fb}g eGg' xf] .
!@= afn clwsf/ dxf;lGwM wf/f %= /fHokIfn] ljBdfg dxf;lGwn] dfGotf k|bfg u/]cg';f/ afa'cfdfsf lhDd]jf/L, clwsf// st{Josf] ;Ddfg ub}{, nfu" x'g ;Sg] ePdf, lj:t[t kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ jf ;d'bfo, :yfgLo /Lltlyltn] lbP;Dd sfg'gL
cleefjs jf cGo JolQm afnaflnsfsf] a9\bf] Ifdtf cg's"n pko'Qm dfu{lgb]{z ug]{, cleefjsTj k|bfg ug'{kb{5 .
www2.ohcr.org/english/law/crc/html!#= afn clwsf/ dxf;lGwn] !* jif{d'lgsf JolStsf] cfrf/Jojxf/ / ?lrnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL afn clwsf/ pkef]ustf{sf¿kdf :yflkt u/]sf] 5 . clxn] nfu" ePsf] cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf ;Gbe{df !* jif{d'lgsf hf];'s} dflg; afnaflnsf x'g\ .
afn clwsf/ dxf;lGwsf] wf/f !M jt{dfg dxf;lGwcGtu{t afns jf aflnsf eGgfn] !* jif{d'lgsf], o;dfly s'g} sfg'g
nfu" geP;Dd, hf];'s} dflg; afns jf aflnsf eGg] a'em\g'k5{ .
!$= afn clwsf/ dxf;lGwsf] wf/f #M-!_ afnaflnsf;DaGwL ofjt sfdsf/jfxL, ;fj{hlgs jf lghL h'g;'s} sNof0f ;+:yf,
cbfnt, k|zf;lgs lgsfo, jf ljwflosf c+un] u/] tfklg, afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxt g} pgLx¿sf] k|fylds bfloTjsf] ljifoxf] . -@_ /fHon] afnaflnsfsf] xslxtsf] ;+/If0fsf lglDt cfjZos b]lvPdf afa'cfdf jf sfg'gL cleefjs jf sfg'gL¿kdf
pgLx¿sf] lhDdf lnPsf cGo JolQmsf] clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/LnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL afnaflnsfsf] lxtnfO{ ;jf]{kl/ /fv]sf] 5 egL;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{5 . /, o; xb;Dd ;a} k|sf/sf pko'Qm sfg'gL tyf k|zf;lgs pkfox¿ cjnDag ug'{kg]{5 . -#_ /fHokIfn] vf;u/L ;'/Iff / :jf:Yo bIf lgsfoåf/f tf]lsPsf dfkb08 / ;+Vofdf afnaflnsfsf] x]/rfx / ;+/If0fsf nflu
lhDd]jf/ tL ;+:yfx¿n] pgLx¿sf] hgzlSt ;'xfp“bf] u/L lbg] ;]jf / ;'ljwf tyf k|Tofe"t u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 / To:tf ;]jf;'ljwf ljz]if1 ;+:yfaf6 ;'k/Lj]If0f u/fpg'kg]{5 .
!%= afn clwsf/ dxf;lGwM wf/f %= /fHokIfn] ljBdfg dxf;lGwn] dfGotf k|bfg u/]cg';f/ afa'cfdfsf lhDd]jf/L, clwsf// st{Josf] ;Ddfg ub}{, nfu" x'g ;Sg] ePdf, lj:t[t kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ jf ;d'bfo, :yfgLo /Lltlyltn] lbP;Dd sfg'gL
cleefjs jf cGo JolQmn] afnaflnsfsf] a9\bf] Ifdtfcg's"n pko'Qm dfu{lgb]{z ug]{, cleefjsTj k|bfg ug'{kb{5 .
!^= afn clwsf/ dxf;lGwM wf/f @=!= /fHokIfn] ljBdfg dxf;lGwdf Joj:yf ul/Psf clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ub}{k|To]safnaflnsfnfO{ afnaflnsf jf p;sf] afa'cfdf jf sfg'gL cleefjssf] hflt, j0f{, ln+u, efiff, wd{, /fhgLLts jf
cGo ljrf/, /fli6«otf, hftLotf jf ;fdflhs pb\ud, ;DklQ, ckf+utf, hGd jf cGo s'g}klg cj:yfsf cfwf/df s'g}klg
k|sf/sf] e]befj gu/L clwsf/ k|Tofe"t ug'{kg]{5 .
!&= afn clwsf/ dxf;lGwM wf/f ^=@M /fHokIfn] ;Dej ePsf] clwstd xb;Dd afnaflnsfsf] af“Rg kfpg] / ljsf; ug{
kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{5 .
!*= o; b:tfj]hdf e]befj;DaGwL ;Gbe{df cfPsf ;a}cj:yfdf e]befj/lxttfsf] ¿k–/]vf nfu" ug'{kg]{5 .
!(= ln+u eGgfn] dflg;nfO{ dlxnf jf k'?if egL kl/eflift ug]{ h}ljs ljz]iftf eGg] a'lemg'k5{ . o:tf h}ljs ljz]iftf ;a}dflg;df x'Fb}gg\ / b'j} ln+u ePsf JolQmx¿ klg x'G5g\, pgLx¿ dlxnf jf k'?ifsf] h:t} 5'§} cl:tTjdf kl/eflift x'g
rfxG5g\ .
@)= o; 3f]if0ffsf] l;4fGt g+ @ x]g'{xf];\ . pd]/sf] cfwf/df ul/g] e]befj j[4j[4fsf] xsdf ;d]t klg plQs} k|f;f+lus x'G5 .
cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/, wf/f @=@M o; ;lGwsf /fHokIfn] ljBdfg ;lGwdf cleJoQm ePsf clwsf/p;sf]] hflt, j0f{, ln+u, efiff, wd{, /fhgLts jf cGo ljrf/, /fli6«otf, hftLotf jf ;fdflhs pb\ud, ;DklQ, ckf+utf,
hGd jf cGo s'g}klg cj:yfsf cfwf/df s'g}klg k|sf/sf] e]befj gu/L k|Tofe"t ug'{kg]{5 .
@!= ln+u eGgfn] vf; ;doljGb'df s'g} dflg; dlxnf jf k'?if;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts tyf cfly{s cfwf/sf];+/rgf / cj;/sf] cj:yfnfO{ hgfp“5 .
@@= n}+lus klxrfgn] s'g} JolQmnfO{ d dlxnf jf k'?if of k'lNn+uL jf :qLln+uL] x'“ eGg] cfTdaf]w ePsf] cj:yfnfO{ a'emfp“5.
@#= of}g cled'vLs/0f eGgfn] cfk"mh:t} ln+u ePsf] dflg;tkm{, ljk/Ltln+uLtkm{ jf b'j} ln+uLtkm{ ePsf] k|f/lDes of}g
cfsif{0fnfO{ hgfp“5 .
@$= o; If]qdf e]befj ug{ gldNg] cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf] JofVofsf] pbfx/0fsf nflu ;f]2]Zod"ns jf …nfu" ePsf]Ú
b'j}cj:yfdf hftLo e]befjsf ;Gbe{df hflt, ln+u jf n}+lustfdf cfwfl/t kIfx¿, xgf]{;\M dfgj clwsf/ ;ldltsf] ;fdfGo
l6Kk0fL g+ !*M e]befj/lxttf, ;+/f;+ b:tfj]h HRI/GEN/1/Rev.6 at 146, 2003. ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo e]befj
pGd"ng ;ldltsf] ;fdfGo l;kmfl/z g+= @%M hftLo e]befjsf n}+lustf;Fu ;DalGwt cfofdx¿, UN Doc A/55/18,
2000 klg x]g'{xf];\ .

25 CLADEM Manifesto (2nd version, Campaign for a Convention on sexual rights and reproductive rights
October 2006) at p.26.
www.convencion.org.uy
26 For an early and influential decision regarding the particular protections against sexual harm by a regional
court, see: European Court of Human Rights, X AND Y v. The Netherlands, 26 March 1985.
27 Convention on the Rights of the Child, Art. 34: States Parties undertake to protect the child from all forms
of sexual exploitation and sexual abuse. For these purposes, State Parties shall in particular take all appropriate
national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent: (a) the inducement or coercion of a child to engage in any
unlawful sexual activity; (b) the exploitative use of children in prostitution or other unlawful sexual practices; (c)the exploitative use of children in pornographic performances and materials.
28 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Art. 29: (1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone
the free and full development of his personality is possible. (2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms,
everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due
recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality,
public order and the general welfare in a democratic society. (3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be
exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. Available at:www.un.org/Overview/rights.html
29 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Article 12: 1. The States Parties to thepresent Covenant recognize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physicaland mental health. 2. The steps to be taken by the States Parties to the present Covenant to achieve the full
realization of this right shall include those necessary for: (1)the provision for the reduction of the stillbirth-rate andof infant mortality and for the healthy development of the child; (2) the improvement of all aspects ofenvironmental and industrial hygiene; (3) the prevention, treatment and control epidemic, endemic, occupationaland other diseases; (4) the creation of conditions which would assure to all medical service and medical attention
in the event of sickness.
See also, Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment 14: The right to the highest
attainable standard of health, UN Document E/C.12/2000/4 11 August 2000, at paras. 28-29.
30 Work must be done to change those limitations established by law that do not comply with the purposes andlegitimate aims expressed in this Principle.
See: CLADEM Manifesto (2nd version, Campaign for a Convention on sexual rights and reproductive rights
October 2006), at p. 33. www.convencion.org.uy
31 The Human Rights Based Approach to Development Cooperation: Towards a Common Understanding
Among UN Agencies at:www.undp.org/governance/docs/HR_Guides_CommonUnderstanding.pdf
32 The concepts of ‘respect, protect and fulfil’ have been adopted by the Committee on Economic, Social andCultural Rights, the body that monitors the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, as away of analysing the obligations of States parties under the Covenant, in relation to the right to health among
other rights. Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) General Comment No. 14, paras. 3437.
33 See CESCR, General Comment No. 14, para. 39.
34 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948, Art. 1: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity
and rights.
35 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Art. 2 (1): Each State Party to the present Covenant
undertakes to respect and to ensure to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the rights
recognized in the present
Covenant, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion,
national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
Art. 3: The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to ensure the equal right of men and women to theenjoyment of all civil and political rights set forth in the present Covenant.
Art. 26: All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of
the law.
In this respect, the law shall prohibit any discrimination and guarantee to all persons equal and effective
protection against discrimination on any ground such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other
opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
The Human Rights Committee has also interpreted and applied these provisions to discrimination based on sex.
See HRC
General Comment 18: Non-Discrimination, UN Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev.6 at 146, 2003.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1979, Art 1: For the
purposes of the present Convention, the term ‘discrimination against women’ shall mean any distinction,
exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying therecognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men
and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any
other field.

@%= CLADEM Manifesto -2nd version_, of}g tyf k|hgg clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGwsf lglDt cleofg, cS6'a/@))^_, k[i7 @^, www.convention.org.uy@^= If]qLo cbfntåf/f ul/Psf] of}g xflggf]S;fgLlj?4sf] ljz]if ;+/If0f;DaGwL k|f/lDes tyf k|efjzfnL lg0f{o, x]gf]{;\–
o'/f]knL dfgj clwsf/ cbfnt, X / Y v. b g]b/Nof08\;, dfr{ @^, !(*% .
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ax'kIfLo pkfox¿ ckgfpg]5g\M s_ s'g}klg afnaflnsfnfO{ u}/sfg'gL¿kdf ha/h:tL of}g ultljlwdf nufpg jf
k|f]T;flxt ug{ gkfOg] . v_ s'g}klg afnaflnsfnfO{ j]Zofj[lQ jf cGo sfg'glj/f]wL of}g ultljlwdf nufO{ zf]if0fsf] nflu
k|of]u ug{ gkfOg] . u_ afnaflnsfnfO{ cZnLn ultljlw ug{ nufpg jf To:tf ;fdu|L pTkfbgdf pkof]u ug{ gkfOg] .
@*= dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff, wf/f @( M -!_ k|To]s JolQmsf] cfkm\gf] JolQmTjsf] :jtGq / k"0f{ ljsf; ;Dejx'g ;Sg] ;d'bfok|lt lglZrt st{Jox¿ x'G5g\ . -@_ cfkm\gf] clwsf/ / :jtGqtfsf] cEof; ubf{ k|To]sJolQmn] cGo
JolQmx¿sf] clwsf/ / :jtGqtfsf] ;'/Iff ug{ sfg'gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;Ldfleq /xL g}ltstf, ;fj{hlgs ;'Joj:yf /k|hftflGqs ;dfhdf ;fdfGo lxtsf] Vofn ug'{kg]{5 / #_ oL clwsf/ / :jtGqtf s'g}klg xfntdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf p2]Zo/ l;4fGt;Fu aflemg] u/L cEof; ul/g]5}gg\ .
x]g'{xf];\M www.un.org/Overview/rights.html.com@(= cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;Demf}tfM wf/f !@M != o; ;Demf}tfsf /fHokIfn] ;a}sf]
pRrtd zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s :jf:Yo:t/ k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf lbG5g\ . @= o; ;Demf}tfsf /fHokIfn] o;clwsf/ k|fKt ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;a} cj:yfaf/] a'em]sf 5g\ / tbg'¿k ;a} sfd ug]{5g\ M-!_ afnaflnsfsf] :j:y ljsf;sf
nflu ue{ t'lxg] b/ tyf lzz' d[To'b/ 36fpg] Joj:yf, -@_ jftfj/0fLo tyf cf}Bf]lus :jR5tfsf ;a} kIfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg], #_ k|sf]k, dxfdf/L, k]zfut jf cGo /f]ux¿sf] /f]syfd, pkrf/ / lgoGq0f ug]{, -$_ c:j:y ePsf] cj:yfdf ;a} k|sf/sf
pkrf/ / ;]jf;'ljwfsf nflu cfjZoscj:yfsf] l;h{gf ug]{ .
x]gf]{;\M cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ ;ldltsf ;fdfGo l6Kk0fL g+ !$M pRrtd zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s:jf:Yo:t/ k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/, UN Doument E/C.12/2000/4, cu:t !!, cg'R5]b @*–@( .
#)= o;sf l;4fGtdf cleJoQm ul/Psf j}wtfk|fKt nIo / cfzo;Fu gldNg] vfnsf sfg'gn] :yflkt u/]sf tL ;Ldfx¿
kl/jt{g ug{ sfd ug'{ h?/L 5 .
x]gf]{;\M CLADEM Menifesto, (2nd version _, of}g tyf k|hgg clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGwsf lglDt cleofg,
cS6'a/ @))^_, k[i7 @^, www.convention.org.uy#!= ljsf; ;xfotfdf dfgj clwsf/df cfwfl/t ljlwM ;+/f;+ lgsfox¿sf nflu ;femf ;dembf/Lsf] lgdf{0ftkm{Mwww.undp.org/governance/docs/HR_Guides_CommonUnderstanding .pdf#@= …;Ddfg, ;+/If0f tyf cfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{Ú sf] cjwf/0ff cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] cg'udgstf{
lgsfo cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ ;ldltn] ;lGwsf kIf /fi6«x¿n] k"/f ug}{kg]{ lhDd]jf/Lsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{
tof/ kf/]sf] lyof] / of] cGo clwsf/sf] ;fk]Ifdf :jf:Yosf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt lyof] . cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[ltsclwsf/ ;ldlt -CESCR_, ;fdfGo l6Kk0fL, g+ !$ cg'R5]b g+ #$–#& .
##=x]g"{M CESCR, ;fdfGo l6Kk0fL, g+ !$ cg'R5]b g+ #(#$= dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffM !($*, wf/f !M ;a} dflg; hGd“b} :jtGq tyf cfTd;Ddfg / clwsf/df;dfg 5g\ .
#%= gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li«6o ;Demf}tfM wf/f @ -!_M o; ;Demf}tfsf] k|To]s/fHokIfn] cfkm\gf]
e"efuleqsf ;a} JolQmx¿sf] ;Ddfg ug]{5 / ljBdfg ;Demf}tfcGtu{t hflt, j0f{, ln+u, efiff, wd{, /fhgLlts jf cGo
ljrf/wf/f, /fli6«otf jf ;dflhs pb\ud, ;DklQ, hGd jf cGocj:yfsf] cfwf/df s'g}klg k|sf/sf] e]befjljgf pgLx¿sf
clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{5 .
Wff/f #M o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ ;Demf}tfsf] k|To]s/fHokIfn] dlxnf / k'?ifsf] ;dfg gful/s tyf /fhgLlts
clwsf/x¿ 5g\ eGg] ;'lglZrt ug]{5 .
Wff/f @^M sfg'gsf cufl8 ;a} JolQmx¿ ;dfg 5g\ / ljgfe]befj sfg'gsf] ;+/If0f k|fKt ub{5g\ . o; cy{df, sfg'gn] g}lje]bdfly k|ltaGw nufpg]5 / hflt, j0f{, ln+u, efiff, wd{, /fhgLlts jf cGo ljrf/wf/f, /fli6«otf jf ;dflhs pb\ud,;DklQ, hGd jf cGocj:yf s'g}klg cfwf/df e]befj gu/L ;a} JolQmnfO{ ;dfg / k|efjsf/L¿kdf ;+/If0fsf] k|Tofe"lt
lbg'kb{5 .
Dffgj clwsf/ ;ldltn] klg ln+usf] cfwf/df ul/g] lje]b;DaGwL oL k|fjwfgx¿sf] JofVof tyf sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5 . x]g"{M;fdfGo l6Kk0fL, g+ !* e]befj/lxttf, UN Document HRI/GEN/1/Rev.6 , !$^ df , @))# .

36

37

38

39
40

See also, the UN Economic and Social Council’s Background Paper for the World Conference against
Racism (1999) E/
CN.4/1999/WG.1/BP.7 which addresses links between race discrimination and sexual orientation
discrimination.
Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989, Art. 2 (1): States Parties shall respect and ensure the rights
set forth in the present Convention to each child within their jurisdiction without discrimination of any kind,irrespective of the child’s or his or her parent’s or legal guardian’s race, colour, sex, language, religion,
political or other opinion, national, ethnic or social origin, property, disability, birth or other status. ( 2) States
Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the child is protected against all forms of
discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of thechild’s parents, legal guardians, or family members.
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Art. 1, 2, 3 and 4; as well as the specificprohibition of
discrimination in Art. 5: Equality and non-discrimination: 1. States Parties recognize that all persons areequal before and under the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection and equal
benefit of the law. 2. States Parties shall prohibit all discrimination on the basis of disability and guarantee
to persons with disabilities equal and effective legal protection against discrimination on all grounds.
See also, Article 2 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities defines ‘Discriminationon the basis of disability’ as any distinction, exclusion or restriction on the basis of disability which has the
purpose or effect of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal basis withothers, of all human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any
other field. It includes all forms of discrimination, including the denial of reasonable accommodation.
Specific sources for prevention of discrimination on the basis of sexuality and on sexual orientation inparticular can be found in the Human Rights Committee decision at its Fiftieth Session in Toonen v.
Australia,
Communication
No.
488/1992,
U.N.
Doc
CCPR/C/50/D/488/1992(1994);<http://hrw.org/lgbt/pdf/toonen.pdf>. and in subsequent communications and concluding comments tostates by the Human Rights Committee.
Also I., Saiz (2004) Bracketing Sexuality: Human Rights and Sexual Orientation—A Decade ofDevelopment at the UN. 7 (2)Health and Human Rights Quarterly, pp. 49-80.
For women denied equality owing to beliefs about their sexuality, see the Human Rights Committee’s
General Comment No.
28 on the interpretation and reach of Article 3 of the ICCPR: Equality of rights between men and women(2000) UN Doc.
CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.10.
United Nations (2003) Statement of Common Understanding: The Human Rights Based Approach to
Development Cooperation - Towards a Common Understanding Among the UN Agencies. UN Inter-Agency
Workshop, May 2003.
See Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, Art 7: States Parties shalltake all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in the political and public life of thecountry and, in particular, shall ensure to women, on equal terms with men, the right: a. to vote in allelections and public referenda and to be eligible for election to all publicly elected bodies; b. to participate in
the formulation of government policy and the implementation thereof and to hold public office and perform
all public functions at all levels of government; c. to participate in non-governmental organizations andassociations concerned with the public and political life of the country.
This is further articulated in the CEDAW Committee’s General Recommendation 23 on ‘Political and PublicLife’ at its 16th Session in 1997.
See also, Yogyakarta Principle 25: The Right to Participate in Public Life - Yogyakarta Principles on the
Application of International Human Rights Law in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity.
International Guidelines on HIV-AIDS and Human Rights (2006 consolidated version). Office of the HighCommissioner for Human Rights and UNAIDS: www.ohchr.org/english/issues/hiv/guidelines.htm
See the Committee on the Convention on the Rights of the Child’s General Comment 4 ‘Adolescent healthand development in the context of the Convention on the Rights of the Child’ (2003) para 8: Respect for theviews of the child: The right to express views freely and have them duly taken into account (art. 12) is also
fundamental in realizing adolescents’ right to health and development. States parties need to ensure thatadolescents are given a genuine chance to express their views freely on all matters affecting them,especially within the family, in school, and in their communities. In order for adolescents to be able safely
and properly to exercise this right, public authorities, parents and other adults working with or for children
need to create an environment based on trust, information sharing, the capacity to listen and soundguidance that is conducive for adolescents’ participating equally including in decision-making processes.

dlxnfdfly x'g] ;a}k|sf/sf e]befjsf] pGd"ng;DaGwL cle;lGwM !(&(, wf/f !M jt{dfg cle;lGwsf] p2]Zok"lt{sf lglDt…dlxnflj?4 e]befjÚ eGg] zAbfjnLn] ln+usf] cfwf/df cnu kfg]{, jlxisf/ ug]{ jf lgif]w ug]{ eGg] a'lemG5 . k'?if tyf dlxnfaLr/fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, gful/s jf cGo If]qdf ;dfg clwsf/ 5 eGg]] s'/fnfO{ gdfgL pgLx¿n] pkef]u ug]{
clwsf/nfO{ s'l07t ug]{ jf cdfGo t'Nofpg] x]t'n] o:tf] e]befj ul/Psf] x'G5 .
x]g"{M ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo e]befj pGd"ng;DaGwL ;ldltsf ;fdfGo l;kmfl/z g+ @% UN Doc A55/18, 2000.
x]g"{M hfltjfblj?4 ljZj ;Dd]ng -!(((_ sf] nflu ;+/f;+ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs kl/ifb\sf] k[i7e"ld kq E
/CN.4/1999/WG.1/BP.7. o;n] hftLo e]befj tyf n}+lus cled'vLs/0fhGo e]befjsf aLrsf] ;DaGwnfO{ b]vfPsf] 5.
afnclwsf/ dxf;lGw, !(*(, wf/f @ -!_M o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ePcg';f/ ;Demf}tfsf] k|To]s/fHokIfn] k|To]safnaflnsfnfO{p;sf] jf p;sf afa'cfdf jf sfg'gL cleefjssf] hft, j0f{, ln+u, efiff, wd{, /fhgLlts jf cGo ljrf/, /fli6«otf, hftLotf jf;fdflhs pb\ud, ;DklQ, ckf+utf, hGd jf cGocj:yfsf] cfwf/df s'g}klg k|sf/sf] e]befj jf ;hfo ug]{5}g . -@_ /fHokIfn]
afnaflnsfnfO{ p;sf] cj:yf, lqmofsnfk, JoQm ul/Psf ljrf/ jf p;sf] afa'cfdf jf sfg'gL cleefjs jf kl/jf/sf cf:yf /ljZjf;sf cfwf/df s'g}klg k|sf/sf e]befj jf ;hfo x'gaf6 /f]Sg ;a} pko'Qm pkfox¿ cjnDag ug]{5 .
ckf+utf ePsf JolStx¿sf] clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGwsf] wf/f !, @, # / $ tyf wf/f % sf] e]befj ug{ gldNg] ljz]if lgif]wfTds
Joj:yfM ;dfgtf tyf e]befj/lxttfM != /fHokIfn] ;a} JolQmnfO{ ljgfe]befj sfg'gaf6 ;dfg nfe xfl;n ug]{ clwsf/ 5 /sfg'gsf cufl8 / sfg'gcGtu{t ;a} JolQm ;dfg 5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ dfGotf lbG5 . @= /fHokIfn] ckf+utfsf] cfwf/df x'g]e]befjnfO{ k|ltalGwt t'Nofpg]5 / ;a} k|sf/sf cfwf/df x'g] e]befjsf lj?4 ;a} ckf+u JolQmx¿nfO{ ;dfg / k|efjsf/L sfg'gL;+/If0f k|bfg ug]{5 .
x]g"{M ckf+utf ePsf JolStx¿sf] clwsf/;DaGwL cle;lGwsf] wf/f @ n] ckf+utfsf] cfwf/df e]befjnfO{ /fhgLlts, cfly{s,;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, gful/s jf cGo s'g}klg If]qdf k|fKt ;a} k|sf/sf dfgj clwsf/ cGo;/x clwsf/ pkef]u ug]{, k|fEof;ug]{ tyf JolQmsf] klxrfgnfO{ laufg]{ jf ha/h:tL ug]{ jf k|efljt t'Nofpg] cfzon] s'g}klg ljlzi6Ls/0f, jlxis/0f, jf lgif]wug]{ sfd egL kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 . o;df plrt ;dflxtLs/0f x'g glbg]nufot ;a} k|sf/sf e]befj klg kb{5g\ .
#^= of}lgstf jf vf;u/L of}g cled'vLs/0fsf cfwf/df x'g] e]befjsf] /f]syfdsf vf;–vf; ;|f]tx¿ ci6«]lnofsf] 6'g]gdf;DkGg dfgj clwsf/ ;ldltsf] krf;f}+ ;q lg0f{ox¿, sDo'lgs];g g+ $**÷!((@, UN Doc
CCPR/C/50/d/488/1992 (1994);
http://hrw.org/lgbt/pdf/toonen.pdf / cGo sltko sDo'lgs];g tyf dfgj clwsf/ ;ldltn] /fHox¿nfO{ u/]sf
clGtd l6Kk0fLx¿df kfOg]5g\ .
;}h, cfO{ -@))$_ a|fs]l6ª ;]S;'cln6LM x\o'dg /fO6\; P08 ;]S;'cn cf]l/P06];g – c l8s]8 ckm 8]e]nkd]06 P6 b o" Pg . &=@_ x]Ny P08 x\o'dg /fO6\; q}dfl;s, k[i7 $(–*) .
km/ pdg l8gfO8 OSj]ln6L cf]Oª 6' lalnkm\; cafp6 b]o/ ;]S;'cln6L . x]g"{M ICCPR sf] wf/f # sf] JofVof dfgj clwsf/;ldltsf] ;fdfGo l6Kk0fL g+ @*M k'?if tyf dlxnfsf] clwsf/sf aLr ;dfgtf -@)))_ UN Doc
CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.10#&= ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 -@))#_ ;femf ;dembf/Lsf] lj1lKtM ljsf; ;xof]usf nflu dfgj clwsf/df cfwfl/t ljlwM ;+/f;+sf
lgsfox¿sf aLr ;femf ;dembf/L, ;+/f;+ cGt/–lgsfo sfo{zfnf, d] @))##*= x]g"{M dlxnflj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf e]befjsf] pGd"ng;DaGwL dxf;lGw, wf/f &M /fHokIfn] b]zsf /fhgLlts / ;fj{hlgshLjgdf ul/g] e]befj pGd"ng ug{ ;a} k|sf/sf pko'Qm pkfox¿ cjnDag ug]{5, / vf;u/L k'?if;/x dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg clwsf/
pkef]u ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{5 . o:tf clwsf/df -s_ ;a} k|sf/sf lgjf{rgdf jf hgdt ;+u|xdf dtbfg ug{ / ;fj{hlgs lgjf{lrtc+usf nflu of]Uo /x]sf] -v_ ;/sf/sf] gLltlgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjogdf ;xefuL x'g] / ;fj{hlgs kb ;DxfNg] / ;/sf/sf ;a}txdf ;fj{hlgs sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ / -u_ d'n'ssf ;fj{hlgs tyf /fhgLlts hLjg;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;+3;+:yf tyf u}/;/sf/L;+:yfdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] clwsf/ kb{5g\ .
oL clwsf/nfO{ CEDAW ;ldltsf] !((& df ;DkGg !^ cf}+ ;qsf] …/fhgLlts tyf ;fj{hlgs hLjgÚ ;fdfGo l;kmfl/z g+ @#df klg cleJoQm ul/Psf] 5 .
x]g"{M of]Uofsf6f{ l;4fGt g+ @%M ;fj{hlgs hLjgdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] clwsf/M of}g cled'vLs/0f tyf n}+lus klxrfg;DaGwL
cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjogaf/] of]Uofsf6f{ l;4fGt#(= Pr\cfO{eL–P8\; / dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o lgb]{lzsf -@))^ sf] kl/dflh{t ;+:s/0f _ ;+/f;+ dfgjflwsf/
pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{no tyf o"PgP8\;M
www.ohcr.org/english/issues/hiv/guidelines.htm$)= afn clwsf/ dxf;lGw ;ldltsf] ;fdfGo l6Kk0fL g+ $ …afn clwsf/ dxf;lGwsf] ;Gbe{df lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] :jf:Yo tyf
ljsf;Ú -@))#_, cg'R5]b *M lszf]/lszf]/Lsf] :jf:Yo tyf ljsf;sf] clwsf/nfO{ dfGotf lbg afnaflnsfsf] b[li6sf]0f÷ljrf/sf];DdfgM :jtGqtfk"j{s cfkm\gf] ljrf/ JoQm ug{ kfpg] / ltgnfO{ tTsfn dxŒj lbg'kg]{ -wf/f !@_ Joj:yf klg dxŒjk"0f{ 5 .
/fHokIfn] lszf]/lszf]/Lx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] hLjgdf k|efj kfg]{ ;a} k|sf/sf ljifodf, vf;u/L kl/jf/leq, ljBfnodf / pgLx¿sf];d'bfodf, :jtGqtfk"j{s cfkm\gf] ljrf/ JoQm ug{ kfpg] u/L pko'Qm cj;/ lbg'k5{ . lszf]/lszf]/Lx¿sf lglDt jf pgLx¿;Fu
sfd ug]{ ;fj{hlgs cflwsfl/s lgsfox¿, afa'cfdf / cGo jo:sx¿n] lszf]/lszf]/Lx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf clwsf/ plrt tyf ;'/lIfttj/n] pkef]u ug{;Sg] u/L ljZjf;sf cfwf/df, ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg, pgLx¿sf s'/f Wofgk"j{s ;'Gg] Ifdtf /fVg] tyf /fd|f]dfu{lgb]{z ug]{ ug'{k5{ . pgLx¿nfO{ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;dfgtfk"j{s ;xefuL x'g o;n] pko'Qm jftfj/0f tof/ u5{ .

41 See, in the context of sex discrimination and mobility, the Human Rights Committee’s General Comment 28
on Equality of rights between men and women.
See also, Yogyakarta Principle 22 on the Right to Freedom of Movement, as well as the International
Guidelines on HIV-AIDS and Human Rights of 2006.
42 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Art. 9.1: Everyone has the right to liberty andsecurity of person. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention. No one shall be deprived of his
liberty except on such grounds and in accordance with such procedures as are established by law.
43 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Art. 7: “No one shall be subjected to torture orto cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his
free consent to medical or scientific experimentation.”
The Committee against Torture has applied the protections against torture and cruel, inhuman anddegrading treatment to sexual violence against women in prison in the US. UN (2000) Conclusions andRecommendations of the Committee against Torture: United States of America. Doc. A/55/44, paras 175180.
The Committee has also applied the protections against torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment
to abusive strip searches and other practices directed at homosexual or gender-non-conforming persons.
The Special Rapporteur against Torture has likewise expressed grave concerns regarding the employment
of sexual assault as well as torture and cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment directed at persons becauseof their sexual or gender identity. See, International Court of Justice Reference Guide pages 106-122. UN
Doc. EICN.4/2002/76.
44 The right to bodily integrity is increasingly used to capture the range of guarantees needed to protect all
persons, and especially women, against violence and other abuses that lead to diminution of health, selfsovereignty and freedom from torture. See, United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women’s Platform
for Action (FWCW), Beijing, China: 4-15 September 1995, at para. 112.
See also, UN Secretary-General’s In-depth Study on All Forms of Violence against Women with regard to its
focus on rights to bodily integrity. UN DOC. A162/122/Add., at para. 277.
45 UN General Assembly Resolution A/Res/S-23/3, para. 69 on the Outcome of the Five-year Review of the
ImplementationoftheBeijing
Declaration
andPlatformfor
Actionat:www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/followup/ress233e.pdf
46 See, Report of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on the Situation of Human Rights
Defenders, E/ CN.4/2006/95/Add.1, March 22, 2006; Special Rapporteur on violence against Women, its
causes and consequences; E/ CN.4/2005/72/Add. 3, February 10, 2005, para. 21; Human Rights
Committee, Concluding observations: Chile, CCPR/C/79/ Add.104, March 30, 1999, para. 20; Report of theSpecial Rapporteur on extrajudicial executions, E/CN.4/2002/74, January 9, 2002; Report of the Special
Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, E/CN.4/2001/9, January 11, 2001 andE/CN.4/2001/9/Add.1, January 17, 2001, para. 175.
See also, International Commission of Jurists, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Human Rights Law,
References to Jurisprudence and Doctrine of the United Nations Human Rights System, October 2007, at:www.icj.org/news.php3?id_article=4209&lang=en
47 This issue is clearly reflected in international human rights law, see for example: Commission on the Status of
Women Resolution 51/2 on Ending Female Genital Mutilation and Resolution 51/3 on Forced Marriage of theGirl Child UN Doc.
E/2007/27-E/CN.6/2007/9; Report of the Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women: Cultural
practices in the family that are violent towards women, E/CN.4/2002/83 31 January 2002.
48 International Guidelines on HIV-AIDS and Human Rights ,2006 consolidated version, Office of the UN HighCommissioner for Human Rights and UNAIDS at: http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/hiv/guidelines.htm
Also Sex workers in Europe Manifesto and the Declaration of the Rights of Sex Workers in Europe, at:
http://www. sexworkeurope.org/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=24&Itemid=201
See International Guidelines on HIV-AIDS and Human Rights (2006) consolidated version, Office of the HighCommissioner 49 r for Human Rights and UNAIDS at: <www.ohchr.org/english/issues/hiv/guidelines.htm>
See also, Yogyakarta Principle 7.
50 See Yogyakarta Principle 5.
51 Commission on Human Rights resolution 1998/52, The elimination of violence against women, ESCOR
Supp. (No. 3) at 171,
UN Doc. E/CN.4/1998/52 (1998); Report of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, its Causes
and Consequences, Ms. Radhika Coomaraswamy, submitted in accordance with Commission on Human
Rights resolution 1997/44. UN Doc E/ CN.4/1998/54
For comments about gender-based persecution regarding gay-identified or non-gender conforming persons(transgender, transsexuals) and asylum, see: Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial executions,
E/CN.4/2002/74, January 9, 2002;
Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, E/CN.4/2001/9, January
11, 2001 and E/
CN.4/2001/9/Add.1, January 17, 2001, para. 175.
See also, International Commission of Jurists in: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Human Rights
Law, References toJurisprudence and Doctrine of the United Nations Human Rights System, October 2007, pp 177-180; at:www.icj.org/news.php3?id_article=4209&lang=en

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oftgflj?4sf] ;ldltn] ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf aGbL agfOPsf dlxnfnfO{ of}ghGo lx+;f ug]{, cdfgjLo jf qm"/ Jojxf/ ug]{, xf]Rofpg], oftgflbg]h:tf Jojxf/af6 ;+/If0f nfu" u/]sf] 5 . ;+/f;+ -@)))_, dlxnflj?4 x'g] oftgflj?4sf] ;ldltsf lgisif{ tyf l;kmfl/zx¿ M ;+o'Qm /fHocd]l/sf, Doc. A/55/44, cg'R5]b !&%–!*) .
;f]xL ;ldltn] ;dn}+lus jf ln+ue]b g5'l§Psf JolQmdfly of}ghGo lx+;f ug]{, cdfgjLo jf qm"/ Jojxf/ ug]{, xf]Rofpg], oftgf lbg], a]OHhtLk"0f{ 9+un]
58Ln] 3f]rL vf]htnf; ug]{ jf To:t} cGo Jojxf/sf lj?4 ;+/If0f nfu" u/]sf] 5 .
oftgflj?4sf] ljz]if k|ltj]bsn] s'g} JolQmsf] n}+lus of of}lgs klxrfgsf] cfwf/df p;dfly ul/g] of}ghGo xdnf tyf oftgf, qm"/tf, xf]Rofpg]h:tf
Jojxf/k|lt ulx/f] rf;f] JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . x]g{"M cGt/f{li6«o Gofofnosf ;Gbe{ lgb]{lzsfsf k[i7x¿ !)^–!@@ . UN Doc. EICN.4/2002/76$$= vf;u/L :jf:Yo tyf cfTd–;fj{ef}lstfnfO{ emfg]{ vfnsf oftgfsf jf/bft x'g] x'gfn] dlxnflj?4 x'g] lx+;f tyf cGo b'Jo{jxf/af6 d'Qm /fVg;a} JolQmsf] ;'/Iff / ;+/If0fsf nflu k|Tofe"ltsf ;a} kIf kqmg cfjZos ePsfn] zf/Ll/s cv08tfsf] clwsf/sf] pkof]u ug]{ sfd a9\bf] qmddf 5.
x]g"{M j'dg Kn]6kmd{ km/ ofS;g;DaGwL -FWCW_ ;+/f;+sf] rf}yf] ljZj ;Dd]ng, a]lhª, rLg, ;]K6]Da/ $–!%, !((% , cg'R5]b !!@ .
x]g"{M zf/Ll/s cv08tfsf] clwsf/df s]lGb|t /xL dlxnflj?4 x'g] lx+;fsf ;a}k|sf/af/] ;+/f;+ dxf;lrjsf] lj:t[t cWoog, UN DOC.
A162/122/Add.; cg'R5]b @&& .
$%=;+/f;+sf] dxf;efsf] k|:tfj A/Res/S-23/3, cg'R5]b ^(, Kn]6kmd{ km/ ofS;g tyf a]lhª 3f]if0ffsf] sfof{Gjogsf kf“r jif{sf] ;dLIff
pknlAw,
www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/followup/rress233e.pdf df 5 .
$^= dfgjclwsf/sf] /Iffsjr;DaGwL ;+/f;+ dxf;lrjsf ljz]if k|ltlglwsf] k|ltj]bg, E/CN.4/2006/95/Add. 1, dfr{ @@, @))^ .
dlxnflj?4sf] oftgf, o;sf sf/0f / kl/0ffd;DaGwL ljz]if k|ltlglw, E/CN.4/2005/72/Add. 3, km]a|'c/L !), @))%, cg'R5]b @! . dfgj
clwsf/ ;ldlt, ;dfkg ko{j]If0f, lrnL, CCPR/C/79/Add. 104 Dffr{ #), !((( cg'R5]b @) . u}/Goflos sfo{;DaGwL ljz]if k|ltj]bssf]
k|ltj]bg, E/CN/4/2002/74, hgj/L (, @))@; u}/Goflos sfo{;DaGwL ljz]if k|ltj]bssf] ha/h:tL kmf“;L;DaGwL ;+lIfKt k|ltj]bg,
E/CN/4/2001/9, hgj/L !!, @))!; / E/CN/4/2001/9 Add.1, hgj/L !&, @))! cg'R5]b !&% .
x]g"{M cGt/f{li6«o GofofwLz sld;gM dfgj clwsf/ sfg'gdf of}g cled'vLs/0f tyf n}+lus klxrfg, ;+/f;+ dfgj clwsf/ k|0ffnLsf l;4fGt /ghL/x¿sf] ;Gbe{, cS6'a/ @))&, www.icj.org/news.php3?id+article=4209&lang=en df .
$&= of] ljifo cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ sfg'gdf :ki6¿kdf n]lvPsf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu x]g"{M dlxnfsf] cj:yfaf/]sf] sld;gsf] k|:tfj g+ %!÷@,dlxnfsf] of]lgR5]bg pGd"ng tyf aflnsfsf] ha/h:tL lax];DaGwL k|:tfj %!÷# UN Doc. E/2007/27-E/CN.6/2007/9 dlxnflj?4sf]
oftgf;DaGwL ljz]if k|ltlglwsf] k|ltj]bg, dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;fsf kfl/jfl/s ;f+:s[lts cEof;x¿, E/CN.4/2002/83, hgj/L #!, @))@ .
$*= Pr\cfO{eL–P8\; / dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL] cGt/f{li6«o lgb]{lzsf, @))^, kl/dflh{t ;+:s/0f, ;+/f;+ dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{no /o'Pg\P8\;,
http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/hiv/guidelines.htmx]g"{M o'/f]k 3f]if0ffkqdf of}gsdL{x¿ tyf o'/f]kdf of}gsdL{x¿sf] clwsf/;DaGwL 3f]if0ff,
http://www.sexworkeurope.org/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=24itemid=201$(= Pr\cfO{eL–P8\; / dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL] cGt/f{li6«o lgb]{lzsf, @))^, kl/dflh{t ;+:s/0f, ;+/f;+ dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{no /o'Pg\P8\;,
http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/hiv/guidelines.htmx]g"{M of]Uofsf6f{ l;4fGt &%)= x]g"{M of]Uofsf6f{ l;4fGt %%!= dfgj clwsf/ sld;gsf] k|:tfj !((*÷%@, dlxnflj?4sf] lx+;f pGd"ng, ESCOR Supp.
-g+ #_ !&! df . UN Doc. E/CN. 4/1998/52 (1998), dlxnflj?4sf] oftgf o;sf sf/0f / kl/0ffd;DaGwL ljz]if k|ltlglwsf] k|ltj]bg,>LdtL /flwsf s'df/f:jfdL, dfgj clwsf/ sld;gsf] k|:tfj !((&÷$$ cg'¿k k]z ul/Psf], UN Doc. E/CN.4/1998/54;dln+uL egL lrlgPsf jf ln+ue]b g5'l§Psf JolQmx¿;DaGwL n}+lustfsf] cfwf/df b'Mv lbg] sfd / cf>o af/]sf] l6Kk0fLsf nflu -kf/n}+lus,
kf/of}lgs_ x]g"{M u}/Goflos sfo{;DaGwL ljz]if k|ltlglwsf] k|ltj]bg, E/CN.4/2002/74 hgj/L (, @))@; u}/Goflos sfo{, u}/Goflos ha/h:tL
Hofg;hfo;DaGwL ljz]if k|ltlglwsf] k|ltj]bg, E/CN.4/2001/9 hgj/L !!, @))!; / E/CN.4/2001/9/Add. 1, hgj/L !&, @))!
cg'R5]b !&% .
x]g"{M cGt/f{li6«o GofofwLzx¿sf] sld;gM dfgj clwsf/ sfg'gdf of}g cled'vLs/0f / n}+lus klxrfg, ;+/f;+ dfgj clwsf/ k|0ffnLsf l;4fGt /ghL/x¿sf] ;Gbe{, cS6'a/ @))&, k[i7 !&& b]lv !*) ;Dd . www.icj.org/news.php3?id+article=4209&lang=en df .

52 The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1995) Guidelines on Preventing and Responding to
Sexual Violence against Refugees www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/3b9cc26c4.pdf
See also, Yogyakarta Principle 23.
53 The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1995) Guidelines on Preventing and Responding to
Sexual Violence against Refugees www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/3b9cc26c4.pdf
See also, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2003) Sexual and Gender-Based ViolenceagainstRefugees, Returnees and Internally Displaced Persons: Guidelines for Prevention and Response, andYogyakarta Principle 23.
54 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Art. 17: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary or
unlawful interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to unlawful attacks on his honour
and reputation.
55 See: WHO (2004) HIV Status Disclosure to Sexual Partners: Rates, Barriers and Outcomes for Women.
Geneva: WHO.
www.who.int/gender/documents/en/VCTinformationsheet_%5b92%20KB%5d.pdf
For full report: www.who.int/gender/documents/en/genderdimensions.pdf
56 Yogyakarta Principle 9.
57 Ibid.
58 UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children,
supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime at:www.unodc.org/unodc/en/crime_cicp_convention.html#final
59 Yogyakarta Principle 19.
60 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948, Art. 19: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion andexpression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart
information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
61 Yogyakarta Principle 19.
62 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Art. 20: Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly
and association.
No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
63 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Art. 12.1: State Parties to the present
Covenant recognize the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical andmental health.
64 Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights’ General Comment 14: The right to the highest
attainable standard of health (article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights, 2000).
65 IPPF Charter on Sexual and Reproductive Rights at:
www.ippf.org/en/Resources/Statements/IPPF+Charter+on+Sexual+and+Reproductive+Rights.htm
Also Yogyakarta Principle 21.
66 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Art. 15.1(b): The State Parties to thepresent Covenant recognize the right of everyone..... (b) to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its
applications.
67 Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women, Art. l0(h): State Parties
shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in order to ensure to themequal rights with men in the field of education and in particular to ensure, on a basis of equality of men andwomen: ... (h) Access to specific educational information to help to ensure the health and well-being offamilies, including information and advice on family planning.
68 See International Conference on Population and Development, Key Actions for the further Implementation of
the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development, UN Doc.
A/Res/S-21/2, para. 73:
Governments, with the full involvement of young people and with the support of the international community,
should, as a priority, make every effort to implement the Programme of Action in regard to adolescent sexualand reproductive health, in accordance with paragraphs 7.45 and 7.46 of the Programme of Action, andshould… With due respect for the rights, duties and responsibilities of parents and in a manner consistent
with the evolving capacities of the adolescent and their right to reproductive health education, informationand care, and respecting their cultural values and religious beliefs, ensure that adolescents, both in and outof school, receive the necessary information, including information on prevention, education, counselling andhealth services to enable them to make responsible and informed choices and decisions regarding theirsexual and reproductive health needs, in order, inter alia, to reduce the number of adolescent pregnancies.
www.unfpa.org/icpd/docs/icpd5/resolution/icpd5_eng.pdf

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69 IPPF Charter on Sexual and Reproductive Rights, 8.1,at:www.ippf.org/en/Resources/Statements/IPPF+Charter+on+Sexual+and+Reproductive+Rights.htm.
70 Yogyakarta Principle 24
71 Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women, Art. 16(1)(e): State
Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in all matters relating
to marriage and family relations and in particular shall ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women:.......... (e) the same rights to decide freely and responsibly on the number and spacing of their children andto have access to the information, education and means to enable them to exercise these rights.
72 Yogyakarta Principle 28 and Yogyakarta Principle 29.

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Too often denied andtoo long neglected,
sexual rights deserve
ourattentionandpriority.
It is time to respectthem.
It is time to demand
them.”
Jacqueline Sharpe, President of IPPF

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