Debian Jigdo mini-HOWTO
Peter Jay Salzman
p@dirac.orgZZZ

Copyright © 2001 Peter Jay Salzman
2005-12-05 âåðñèÿ 1.8

Àííîòàöèÿ
Çàãðóçêà ISO îáðàçîâ Debian âñåãäà áûëà òÿæ¼ëûì, ìåäëåííûì è ïðåäåëüíî íåýôôåêòèâíûì ïðîöåññîì. Jigdo — ýòî èíñòðóìåíò äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ ISO îáðàçîâ Debianë¼ãêèì, áûñòðûì è î÷åíü ýôôåêòèâíûì ñïîñîáîì.Â ýòîì HOWTO îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ,ïî÷åìó âû äîëæíû èñïîëüçîâàòü jigdo, êàê ýòî ðàáîòàåò, êàê ïîëó÷àòü è îáíîâëÿòüISO îáðàçû Debian.

Jigdo íå ïèñàëàñü ñïåöèàëüíî äëÿ Debian. Óòèëèòû jigdo ìîæíî ïðèìåíèòü ê ëþáîìóISO è åãî çàãðóçêà ñòàíåò òàêîé æå ë¼ãêîé, áûñòðîé è ýôôåêòèâíîé êàê ISO Debian.
Â ýòîì HOWTO áóäåò ðàññêàçàíî êàê ýòî äåëàåòñÿ, íî ãëàâíûì îáðàçîì, ìûñôîêóñèðóåìñÿ íà çàãðóçêå ISO îáðàçîâ Debian.

1. Administrata
1.1. Àâòîðñòâî è ïðàâà
Àâòîðñêèå ïðàâà íà ýòîò äîêóìåíò ïðèíàäëåæàò (c) 2001 Peter Jay Salzman, <p@dirac.orgZZZ(mailto:p@dirac.orgZZZ)>. Ðàçðåøàåòñÿ êîïèðîâàòü, ðàñïðîñòðàíÿòü è/èëè èçìåíÿòü ýòîòäîêóìåíò íà óñëîâèÿõ Open Software License (OSL) âåðñèè 1.1. ß íåíàâèæó HOWTO, êîòîðûå
âêëþ÷àþò òåêñò ëèöåíçèè; ýòî óáèéöû äåðåâüåâ. Âû ìîæåòå íàéòè OSL çäåñü

http://opensource.org/licenses/osl-1.1.txt.
Åñëè âû õîòèòå ñîçäàòü ÷òî-òî ñâî¼ íà îñíîâå ýòîãî äîêóìåíòà èëè îïóáëèêîâàòü ýòîòHOWTO â êîììåð÷åñêèõ öåëÿõ, ÿ áûë áû î÷åíü ïðèçíàòåëåí, åñëè áû âû ñíà÷àëà ñâÿçàëèñüñî ìíîé. Ýòî äàñò ìíå øàíñ ïðåäîñòàâèòü âàì ñàìóþ ïîñëåäíþþ âåðñèþ. Òàêæå, ÿ áûë áûáëàãîäàðåí çà êîïèþ âàøåé ðàáîòû èëè ïèööó ñî øïèíàòîì, ÷åñíîêîì, ãðèáàìè, áðûíçîé èàðòèøîêàìè.

1

DJ-HOWTO

1.2. Áëàãîäàðíîñòèß õî÷ó ïîáëàãîäàðèòü àâòîðà jigdo, Ðè÷àðäà Àòåðåðà (mailto:atterer@debian.org)(Richard
Atterer), ïðîñòî çà òî, ÷òî îí íàïèñàë jigdo. Âñÿêèé, êòî çàãðóæàë ISO îáðàçû Debian äðóãèìè
ñïîñîáàìè çíàåò ïî÷åìó.Ýòî HOWTO íà÷èíàëîñü ñ íåñêîëüêèõ âåá ñòðàíèö, ãäå ÿ äåëèëñÿ
îïûòîì ðàáîòû ñ jigdo. Ðè÷àðä íàø¼ë âðåìÿ, ÷òîáû ïðèñëàòü ìíå ïî ïî÷òå îáøèðíûå
èñïðàâëåíèÿ, ïîÿñíåíèÿ è îòâåòèòü íà ìîè âîïðîñû î jigdo. Îí ìíîãîêðàòíî ïåðå÷èòûâàëìîþ ðàáîòó. Ðè÷àðä — ýòî ðàçðàáîò÷èê, êîòîðûé âîëíóåòñÿ íå òîëüêî çà ñâîþ ðàáîòó, íî è îëþäÿõ êîòîðûå èñïîëüçóþò å¼. Ïå÷àëüíî, ÷òî ýòîãî ñòàíîâèòñÿ âñ¼ ìåíüøå â çàíÿòîì ìèðå, âêîòîðîì ìû æèâ¼ì. Ñïàñèáî, Ðè÷àðä!
Òàêæå, ìíå áû õîòåëîñü ïîáëàãîäàðèòü Conrad Wood (mailto:cnw@conradwood.netZZZ), Elcio

Mello, Marcelo Ramos (mailto:mramos@montevideo.com.uyZZZ), Yufeng Wang, Tsukasa Yamaguchi,Þðèÿ Êîçëîâà (mailto:kozlov.y@gmail.comZZZ) è Oguz Yarimtepe(mailto:oguzy@comu.edu.trZZZ) çà ïåðåâîä ýòîãî mini-HOWTO íà äðóãèå ÿçûêè. Ìíå ïðèÿòíî,÷òî îíè íàøëè ìîè ñëîâà äîñòîéíûìè ñâîåãî âðåìåíè è óñèëèé. Ñïàñèáî, ðåáÿòà!
Íàêîíåö, õî÷ó ñêàçàòü ñïàñèáî Mark van Lent (mailto:mark@panic.et.tudelft.nlZZZ), Gordon Huff,

David Anselmi, Thierry Cabuzel (mailto:thierry.cabuzel@skynet.beZZZ), Russell L. Harris(mailto:rlharris@hal-pc.orgZZZ) è Jens Seidel (mailto:tux-master@web.deZZZ) çà ïðèñëàííûå
èñïðàâëåíèÿ.

1.3. Êîììåíòàðèè è èñïðàâëåíèÿß óäåëÿþ ìíîãî âíèìàíèÿ ëþäÿì, èñïîëüçóþùèì ýòîò äîêóìåíò. Äàæå mini-HOWTO
îòíèìàåò ìíîãî âðåìåíè íà íàïèñàíèå è ÿ áû íå õîòåë âêëàäûâàòü òàê ìíîãî óñèëèé âî
÷òî-òî, ÷åãî ëþäè íå ïîíÿëè áû. Åñëè ó âàñ åñòü êîììåíòàðèè, èñïðàâëåíèÿ èëèïðåäëîæåíèÿ, äàæå ê ñòèëþ èçëîæåíèÿ, íå ñòåñíÿéòåñü ïèñàòü ìíå. Âñ¼ âðåìÿ, ïîêà ÿïîëíîñòüþ íå óâÿç â ìîåé äîêòîðñêîé äèññåðòàöèè è â êíèãå, êîòîðóþ ÿ ïèøó ïðî îòëàäêó ñïîìîùüþ GDB/DDD äëÿ No Starch Press, ÿ ïðèëîæó âñå óñèëèÿ, ÷òîáû îòâåòèòü íà êàæäîå
ïèñüìî, êàñàþùåãîñÿ ýòîãî mini-HOWTO. Ýêñòðåííîå ñîîáùåíèÿ: ÿ çàùèòèë äîêòîðñêóþ;òåïåðü çàíèìàþñü ïîèñêîì ðàáîòû. Êîìó-íèáóäü íóæåí ôèçèê-òåîðåòèê?

1.4. Ïîñëåäíÿÿ âåðñèÿ è ïåðåâîäû
Íåìåöêèé:Conrad Wood <cnw@conradwood.netZZZ>.
Ïîðòóãàëüñêèé

Elcio Mello.
Èñïàíñêèé

Marcelo Ramos <mramos@montevideo.com.uyZZZ>.
Êèòàéñêèé

Yufeng Wang

2

DJ-HOWTOßïîíñêèé

Tsukasa Yamaguchi. ßïîíñêàÿ âåðñèÿ äîñòóïíà ïî àäðåñó
http://www.linux.or.jp/JF/JFdocs/Debian-Jigdo.
Ðóññêèé
Þðèé Êîçëîâ <kozlov.y@gmail.comZZZ>. Ðóññêàÿ âåðñèÿ äîñòóïíà ïî àäðåñó

http://alioth.debian.org/project/showfiles.php?group_id=30279.
ÒóðåöêèéOguz Yarimtepe <oguzy@comu.edu.trZZZ>. Òóðåöêàÿ âåðñèÿ äîñòóïíà ïî àäðåñó
http://docs.comu.edu.tr/howto/debian-jigdo.html (http://docs.comu.edu.tr/howto/debian-jidgo.html).
Àíãëèéñêàÿ âåðñèÿ è âñå ïåðåâîäû äîñòóïíû íà ìî¼ì âåá ñàéòå:http://www.dirac.org/linux/debian/jigdo. Åñëè âàì õî÷åòñÿ ïåðåâåñòè ýòî mini-HOWTO íà äðóãîé
ÿçûê, ñâÿæèòåñü ñî ìíîé <p@dirac.orgZZZ (mailto:p@dirac.orgZZZ)>.
Àíãëèéñêóþ âåðñèþ ýòîãî HOWTO ìîæíî òàêæå íàéòè â ïðîåêòå äîêóìåíòàöèè Linux:

http://tldp.org/docs.html.

2. Ïî÷åìó jigdo?
2.1. Êàê ïîëó÷èòü íàáîð ISO îáðàçîâ Debian?
Äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ íàáîðà CD Debian, ñóùåñòâóåò ìíîãî ñïîñîáîâ. Îäèí èç íèõ — êóïèòü åãî óïðîäàâöîâ (http://www.debian.org/CD/vendors/) CD Debian. Ýòî îïðåäåë¼ííî ñòîèò òîãî, òàê êàêíåêîòîðûå ïðîäàâöû æåðòâóþò äåíüãè ïðîåêòó Debian. Âàøè ïîæåðòâîâàíèÿ ïîìîãóò
îáåñïå÷èòü Debian äîëãóþ æèçíü.
Äðóãèì ïóò¼ì ïîëó÷åíèÿ íàáîðà CD Debian — ñàìîìó çàïèñàòü äèñêè. Ýòî âëå÷¼ò çà ñîáîé
ïîëó÷åíèå ISO îáðàçà è çàòåì ïðîæèã ýòîãî ISO îáðàçà íà ïóñòîé CD. Êîãäà jigdo íåñóùåñòâîâàëî, áûëî äâà ïóòè ñîçäàíèÿ CD Debian:

1. Çàãðóçêà ISO ôàéëà öåëèêîì
2. Èñïîëüçîâàíèå pseudo-image kit (PIK)Ýòîò äîêóìåíò î áîëåå íîâîì è ëó÷øåì ñïîñîáå ïîëó÷åíèÿ ISO îáðàçîâ Debian — óòèëèòå,êîòîðàÿ íàçûâàåòñÿ jigdo. Ôàêòè÷åñêè, PIK â íàñòîÿùèé ìîìåíò îôèöèàëüíî çàáðîøåí è âñåäàëüíåéøèå ññûëêè íà íåãî áûëè óäàëåíû èç ýòîãî äîêóìåíòà. Ñòàíäàðòíûì ìåòîäîì
ïîëó÷åíèÿ ISO îáðàçîâ Debian ÿâëÿåòñÿ jigdo.

2.2. Ïî÷åìó ïðîñòî íå çàãðóæàòü ôàéë ISO îáðàçà?
Åñòü çåðêàëà, ïðåäëàãàþùèå çàãðóçèòü Debian ISO ïî http è ftp. Ïðîáëåìà â òîì, ÷òî èõ íåî÷åíü ìíîãî è èõ êàíàëû íå ìîãóò âûäåðæàòü âñåõ êòî õî÷åò Debian ISO. Íàïðèìåð, fsn.hu,

3DJ-HOWTOêàê ñîîáùàþò, ïîëíîñòüþ èñïîëüçóåò ïðîïóñêíóþ ñïîñîáíîñòü êàíàëà ñâîåãî ïðîâàéäåðà.
Èñõîäÿùèé òðàôèê äîñòèãàåò íåñêîëüêèõ òåðàáàéò â ìåñÿö!
Ê òîìó æå, Debian testing è unstable ÷àñòî îáíîâëÿþòñÿ. Âàøè ISO ìîãóò óñòàðåòü â òîò æåäåíü êàê âû èõ ñêà÷àëè, åñëè òîëüêî âû íå íàøëè íåñêîëüêî ïîäëûé ïóòü îáíîâëåíèÿ èõ,òèïà ìîíòèðîâàíèÿ ISO ÷åðåç óñòðîéñòâî îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè (loopback) è èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ rsync(÷åì PIK è çàíèìàëñÿ). Ïîýòîìó, åñëè âû õîòèòå èìåòü íîâåéøèå îáðàçû ISO, âû äîëæíû
çàãðóæàòü íîâûé íàáîð îáðàçîâ ISO êàæäûé äåíü. ßñíî, ÷òî ýòî íå òîò ïóòü êîòîðûì áû âûõîòåëè ïîëó÷àòü Debian ISO!
Äàæå stable ISO îáðàçû îáíîâëÿþòñÿ êàæäûå íåñêîëüêî ìåñÿöåâ. Òî åñòü çàãðóçêà îáðàçîâISO äà¼ò âàì íîâåéøèå îáðàçû íà íåñêîëüêî ìåñÿöåâ, è êàæäûé ðàç êîãäà âûõîäèò íîâàÿ
âåðñèÿ Debian stable, âàì îïÿòü ïðèä¼òñÿ ïðîéòè ÷åðåç áîëåçíåííûé ïðîöåññ çàãðóçêè âñåãî
íàáîðà ISO. Ýòî íå î÷åíü õîðîøåå âðåìÿïðîâîæäåíèå è òðàòà ðåñóðñîâ çåðêàë.

2.3. ×òî òàêîå Jigdo?
Jigdo (îò "Jigsaw Download") áûëà íàïèñàí Ðè÷àðäîì Àòåðåðîì
(mailto:atterer@debian.org)(Richard Atterer) è âûïóùåí ïîä ëèöåíçèåé GNU GPL. Ýòî óòèëèòà,êîòîðàÿ ïîçâîëÿåò ýôôåêòèâíî çàãðóæàòü è îáíîâëÿòü ISO îáðàçû. Ëþáûå îáðàçû ISO. Jigdoíå ïðèâÿçàí ê Debian, îäíàêî äëÿ Debian îí ÿâëÿåòñÿ îôèöèàëüíûì ìåòîäîì çàãðóçêè ISOîáðàçîâ.
Åñòü îáùåå çàáëóæäåíèå, áóäòî jigdo ñîçäà¼ò îáðàçû ISO — ýòî íå òàê. Äàâàéòå â îáùèõ
÷åðòàõ îáñóäèì, êàê jigdo ïîçâîëÿåò âàì ïîëó÷èòü îáðàç ISO. Ïóñòü Àäàì (âûïóñêàþùèé
ðåëèç Debian) áóäåò ñòîðîíîé, ïðåäëàãàþùåé îáðàç ISO. Ïóñòü Áåòòè (ïîëüçîâàòåëü Debian)áóäåò ñòîðîíîé, êîòîðàÿ õî÷åò çàãðóçèòü îáðàç ISO.

1. Ñíà÷àëà Àäàì ñîçäà¼ò îáðàç ISO, êîòîðûé ìîæíî çàïèñàòü íà CD. Äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ îáðàçàISO îí ìîæåò âîñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ óòèëèòîé òèïà mkisofs èëè debian-cd. Òàêæå, äëÿ òîëüêî÷òî ñîçäàííîãî îáðàçà ISO, îí ñîçäà¼ò ìàëåíüêèõ äâà ôàéëà: .jigdo è .template. Îíâûêëàäûâàåò ýòè äâà ôàéëà äëÿ çàãðóçêè âñåì, êòî õî÷åò ïîëó÷èòü îáðàç ISO.
2. Çàòåì Áåòòè çàãðóæàåò ôàéëû .jigdo è .template è çàïóñòèâ jigdo-lite îíà ñêà÷àåò ISOîáðàç Àäàìà.
3. Ïðè îáíîâëåíèè Debian, Àäàì ñîçäà¼ò íîâóþ âåðñèþ ISO è ãåíåðèðóåò íîâûå ôàéëû
.jigdo è .template.
4. Åñëè Áåòòè õî÷åò îáíîâèòü ñâîè CD, îíà çàãðóæàåò íîâûå ôàéëû .jigdo è .template èñ ïîìîùüþ jigdo-light îáíîâëÿåò ñâîþ êîïèþ ISO îáðàçîâ. Âàæíî ïîíÿòü, ÷òî îíàñêà÷èâàåò òîëüêî èçìåíèâøèåñÿ äàííûå ìåæäó ñòàðûì ISO è íîâûì ISO Àäàìà.
Îäèíàêîâûå äàííûå ñêà÷èâàòüñÿ íå áóäóò.
Ïàêåò jigdo ñîñòîèò èç äâóõ óòèëèò: jigdo-file (èñïîëüçóåòñÿ Àäàìîì), êîòîðàÿ ñîçäà¼ò ôàéëû
.jigdo è .template, è jigdo-lite(èñïîëüçóåòñÿ Áåòòè), êîòîðàÿ îñíîâûâàÿñü íà ýòèõ äâóõôàéëàõ ñêà÷èâàåò è îáíîâëÿåò ISO îáðàç. Åñëè âû ïðîñòî õîòèòå ñêà÷àòü/îáíîâèòü DebianISO, òî âàì íóæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü òîëüêî jigdo-lite. Âû ìîæåòå äàæå çàáûòü î ñóùåñòâîâàíèè

jigdo-file. :-)Jigdo ðåøàåò âñå ïðîáëåìû, êîòîðûå åñòü ó äðóãèõ ìåòîäîâ ïîëó÷åíèÿ îáðàçîâ ISO Debian:4

DJ-HOWTO• Ýòî íàìíîãî áûñòðåå, ÷åì çàãðóæàòü ôàéë ISO îáðàçà.
• Â îòëè÷èå îò çàãðóçêè ôàéëà ISO îáðàçà, ìîæíî âçÿòü óñòàðåâøèé CD (èëè ñìîíòèðîâàòü

óñòàðåâøèé ISO îáðàç) è çàãðóçèòü òîëüêî òå ôàéëû, êîòîðûå èçìåíèëèñü íà ýòîì CD(èëè îáðàçå ISO) è ñîçäàòü íîâûé îáíîâë¼ííûé ISO. Ýòî î÷åíü íàïîìèíàåò èñïîëüçîâàíèå
cvs äëÿ îáíîâëåíèÿ èñõîäíîãî êîäà.
•jigdo-lite ðàáîòàåò ÷åðåç wget, êîòîðûé ïî óìîë÷àíèþ èñïîëüçóåò http äëÿ çàãðóçêè ôàéëîâ.
Â îòëè÷èå îò rsync, http íèêîãäà íå áëîêèðóåòñÿ ìåæñåòåâûìè ýêðàíàìè (êðîìå òåõñëó÷àåâ, ãäå ýòî íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðè÷èíîé èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ jigdo).

•

Jigdo î÷åíü òðåïåòíî îòíîñèòñÿ ê ïîëîñå ïðîïóñêàíèÿ ñåðâåðîâ, ïðåäëàãàþùèõ îáðàçû
Debian. Åñëè ïîëüçîâàòåëè èñïîëüçóþò jigdo, òî ñåðâåðà ñìîãóò îáðàáàòûâàòü áîëüøå
çàïðîñîâ çàãðóçêè îáðàçîâ Debian, ïî ñðàâíåíèþ ñ äðóãèìè ìåòîäàìè ïîëó÷åíèÿ.

Íåñîìíåííî, jigdo ÿâëÿåòñÿ ëó÷øèì ìåòîäîì äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ ISO îáðàçîâ Debian.

3. Êàê ðàáîòàåò Jigdo (÷èòàòü íå îáÿçàòåëüíî)Âàì íå îáÿçàòåëüíî ÷èòàòü ýòó ÷àñòü, ÷òîáû èñïîëüçîâàòü jigdo, íî ýòî ïîìîæåò ïîíÿòü, êàêðàáîòàåò jigdo. Åñëè âàì íå èíòåðåñíû ïîäðîáíîñòè, ïðîñòî ïðîëèñòàéòå äî Ðàçä. 4>.

3.1. Ïîäãîòîâêà ISO äëÿ çàãðóçêè
CD îáðàç — ýòî ôàéëîâàÿ ñèñòåìà, îáîçíà÷àåìàÿ êàê iso9660, íî â ýòîì äîêóìåíòå ìû áóäåìñ óâåðåííîñòüþ ãîâîðèòü î CD îáðàçå êàê î áîëüøîì ôàéëå (ïîðÿäêà 650ÌÁ), "ISO îáðàçå", âêîòîðîì ñîäåðæàòñÿ ôàéëû ïî îïðåäåë¼ííûì ñìåùåíèÿì. Íàïðèìåð, åñëè CD ñîäåðæèò
ôàéë ðàçìåðîì 567 áàéò ñ èìåíåì README, òî â ISO îáðàçå ñîäåðæèìîå README ôàéëà
ìîæåò ðàñïîëàãàòüñÿ ìåæäó 20480000 è 20480567. Ìû ìîæåì ïðåäñòàâèòü CD îáðàç òàê:ISO Image:-------------------------------------------------------|xxxx| file-0 |xx| file-1 |xxx| file-2 |x| file-3 |xxxx|--------------------------------------------------------

Îáëàñòè "x" â îáðàçå ñîäåðæàò èíôîðìàöèþ î êàòàëîãàõ, ïðîñòî ìåñòà, çàïîëíåííûå
íóëÿìè, èìÿ äèñêà, çàãðóçî÷íûé áëîê è ò.ä.
Ïðè çàïóñêå jigdo-file ïåðåäà¼òñÿ äâà òèïà âõîäíîé èíôîðìàöèè: ïîëíûé CD îáðàç (ò.å.
íóæíî, ÷òîáû ISO áûë óæå ñäåëàí) è ñïèñîê ôàéëîâ, êîòîðûå ñîäåðæàòñÿ (èëè íåò) â îáðàçå.
Âîò âèçóàëüíîå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå âõîäíîé èíôîðìàöèè äëÿ jigdo-file:

ISO Image:

Loose Files:-------------------------------------------------------|xxxx| file-0 |xx| file-1 |xxx| file-2 |x| file-3 |xxxx|----------------------------------------------------------------| file-0 |-------------------| file-1 |-------------------| file-3 |-------------------| file-4 |----------

5

DJ-HOWTOÑ ïîìîùüþ ìàãèè jigdo-file âûÿñíÿåò êàêèå èç ñâîáîäíûõ ôàéëîâ ñîäåðæàòñÿ â ISO îáðàçå èèõ ñìåùåíèÿ. Â ðåçóëüòàòå ðàáîòû ñîçäà¼òñÿ äâà ôàéëà: ".template" è ".jigdo".

3.2. Ôàéë .templateÏîëó÷èâ íà âõîäå ISO îáðàç è ñïèñîê ôàéëîâ, êîòîðûå âîçìîæíî íàõîäÿòñÿ â ISO îáðàçå,jigdo-file ãåíåðèðóåò ôàéë .template äëÿ ýòîãî ISO îáðàçà. Âîò ÷òî ñîäåðæèòñÿ â ôàéëå
.template:.template:-------------------------------------------------------|xxxx| md5-0 |xx| md5-1 |xxx|cccccccc|x| md5-3 |xxxx|--------------------------------------------------------

jigdo-file íàõîäèò ôàéëû file-0, file-1 è file-3 â ISO îáðàçå. Îí óäàëÿåò ñîäåðæèìîå ýòèõôàéëîâ è ïèøåò íà ýòî ìåñòî êîíòðîëüíûå ñóììû md5 (md5-0, md5-1 è òàê äàëåå).
Äàííûå, îòìå÷åííûå ñèìâîëîì "x" (èíôîðìàöèÿ î êàòàëîãàõ, ìåñòî çàïîëíåííîå íóëÿìè èòîìó ïîäîáíîå) â ISO îáðàçå ñæèìàþòñÿ è òîæå çàïèñûâàþòñÿ â ôàéë .template. Íàêîíåö,ëþáûå ôàéëû â ISO îáðàçå, êîòîðûå îòñóòñòâóþò â ñïèñêå ñâîáîäíûõ ôàéëîâ (íàïðèìåð
file-2) òàêæå ïîäâåðãàþòñÿ ñæàòèþ è çàïèñûâàþòñÿ â ôàéë .template. Îíè ïîêàçàíû
ñèìâîëîì "c".
Ñâîáîäíûå ôàéëû, ïåðåäàííûå jigdo-file è îòñóòñòâóþùèå â ISO îáðàçå (íàïðèìåð file-4),èãíîðèðóþòñÿ.

3.3. Ôàéë .jigdoÏîëó÷èâ ïðè çàïóñêå ISO îáðàç è ñïèñîê ñâîáîäíûõ ôàéëîâ, jigdo-file ñîçäà¼ò ôàéë .jigdo äëÿýòîãî ISO îáðàçà. Ôàéëû .jigdo äëÿ Debian ñæèìàþòñÿ ïðîãðàììîé gzip, ïîýòîìó âàìïîòðåáóåòñÿ zcat èëè zless, ÷òîáû ïîñìîòðåòü èõ. Âîò òàê âûãëÿäèò .jigdo ôàéë ïîñëå
ðàçæàòèÿ:md5-0=http://somemirror.org/file-0
md5-1=http://somemirror.org/file-1
md5-2=http://somemirror.org/file-2
md5-3=http://somemirror.org/file-3

Ôàéë .jigdo ïðîñòî îïèñûâàåò ñîîòâåòñòâèå ìåæäó êîíòðîëüíîé ñóììîé ôàéëà md5 èç ISOîáðàçà è URL, îòêóäà ìîæíî ñêà÷àòü ýòîò ôàéë. Åñòü è äðóãèå ñòðîêè â ôàéëå .jigdo, èåñëè âû ïîëèñòàåòå åãî, òî óâèäèòå, ÷òî ôîðìàò .jigdo ôàéëà ïîäîáåí ".ini" ôàéëàì. Ýòîçíà÷èò, ÷òî ñìûñë êàæäîãî ïàðàìåòðà çàëîæåí â íàçâàíèè. Òàêæå æå îíè ïîäðîáíî
îïèñàíû â äîêóìåíòàöèè ê jigdo.
Ôîðìàò, ïîêàçàííûé âûøå, íå ñîâñåì òî÷íî îòîáðàæàåò òî, ÷òî âû óâèäèòå â òèïè÷íîì
ôàéëå .jigdo, íî î÷åíü ïîõîæå. Åñëè âû ïîñìîòðèòå â ðàçäåë [Servers] â êîíöå ôàéëà .jigdo, âûÿâíî óâèäèòå ðàçíèöó ìåæäó òåì, ÷òî ÿ ïîêàçàë âûøå è íàñòîÿùèì .jigdo ôàéëîì.

6

DJ-HOWTO

3.4. Çàãðóçêà îáðàçà
Ïîñëå òîãî êàê âû ñ ïîìîùüþ jigdo-file ñîçäàëè ôàéëû .jigdo è .template äëÿ ISO îáðàçà,ëþáîé ñ ïîìîùüþ jigdo-lite ìîæåò ñêà÷àòü ýòîò îáðàç. jigdo-lite çàãðóæàåò âñå ôàéëû DebianISO ñ ïîìîùüþ wget, êîìïîíóåò èõ è íà ëåòó ôîðìèðóåò êîïèþ îðèãèíàëüíîãî ISO îáðàçà.

4. Çàãðóçêà âàøåãî ïåðâîãî îáðàçà (5 ïðîñòûõ øàãîâ)Ìû ïðåäïîëàãàåì, ÷òî âû íà÷èíàåòå ñ ñàìîãî íà÷àëà è íå èìååòå íèêàêèõ Debian ISO. Êàêòîëüêî âû çàïèøèòå ñâîé íàáîð ISO, òî ïîçæå ñìîæåòå èñïîëüçîâàòü jigdo-lite äëÿ åãîîáíîâëåíèÿ. Ìû îïèøåì êàê îáíîâëÿòü ISO â ñëåäóþùåì ðàçäåëå.

4.1. Óñòàíîâêà Jigdo
Âî-ïåðâûõ, óñòàíîâèòå ïàêåò jigdo-file:# apt-get install jigdo-file

Jigdo î÷åíü áûñòðî ðàçðàáàòûâàåòñÿ. Èñïðàâëåíèå îøèáîê è óëó÷øåíèÿ ïðîèñõîäÿò
ïîñòîÿííî, ïîýòîìó åñëè âû èñïîëüçóåòå ñòàáèëüíóþ èëè òåñòîâóþ âåðñèè Debian, âîçüìèòå
jigdo-file èç íåñòàáèëüíîé âåðñèè http://packages.debian.org/unstable/utils/jigdo-file.html. Íà 28íîÿáðÿ 2005 ãîäà çäåñü íàõîäèòñÿ âåðñèÿ 0.7.2-2.

4.2. Çàãðóçêà ôàéëîâ .template è .jigdoÄëÿ êàæäîãî ISO îáðàçà, êîòîðûé âû õîòèòå çàãðóçèòü, âàì íóæíî äâà ôàéëà: .jigdo è.template. Íàçâàíèÿ ôàéëîâ ïîä÷èíÿþòñÿ îäèíàêîâîìó ñîãëàøåíèþ:distro-arch-n.jigdo
distro-arch-n.templateãäå distro — ýòî íàçâàíèå äèñòðèáóòèâà (íàïðèìåð "sarge"), arch — ýòî àðõèòåêòóðà
(íàïðèìåð, "i386") è n — ýòî íîìåð äèñêà (íàïðèìåð "1").
Íàïðèìåð, sarge ñîäåðæèò 8 îáðàçîâ, ïîýòîìó âàì íóæíî 8 .jigdo ôàéëîâ è 8 .template ôàéëîâ.
Îíè ìîãóò áûòü çàãðóæåíû ñ http://www.debian.org/CD/jigdo-cd/. Äëÿ ïåðâîãî îáðàçà ôàéëû
.jigdo è .template íàçûâàþòñÿ sarge-i386-1.jigdo è sarge-i386-1.templateñîîòâåòñòâåííî.

4.3. Çàïóñê jigdo-liteÇàïóñòèòå jigdo-lite è óêàæèòå ôàéë .jigdo äëÿ îáðàçà, êîòîðûé õîòèòå çàãðóçèòü.
Èñïîëüçóÿ Sarge â êà÷åñòâå ïðèìåðà:7

DJ-HOWTO
lucifer$ lssarge-i386-1.jigdo sarge-i386-1.template
lucifer$ jigdo-lite sarge-i386-1.jigdo
Jigsaw Download "lite"
Copyright 2001-2003 by Richard Atterer <jigdo@atterer.net>
Getting mirror information from /etc/apt/sources.list----------------------------------------------------------------Images offered by ‘sarge-i386-1.jigdo’:
1: ’Debian GNU/Linux testing "Sarge"- Official Snapshot i386 Binary-1 CD’ (sarge-i386-1.iso)
Further information about ‘sarge-i386-1.iso’:Generated on Fri, 7 Feb 2003 20:31:28 -0700----------------------------------------------------------------If you already have a previous version of the CD you aredownloading, jigdo can re-use files on the old CD that are alsopresent in the new image, and you do not need to download themagain. Mount the old CD ROM and enter the path it is mounted under(e.g. ‘/mnt/cdrom’).
Alternatively, just press enter if you want to start downloading
the remaining files.
Files to scan:Åñëè âû ïðèîñòàíîâèòå jigdo-lite ñ ïîìîùüþ control+z (íå äåëàéòå ýòîãî; ÿ ïîêàæó, ÷òîïîëó÷àåòñÿ) è ïîñìîòðèòå, ÷òî âûäà¼òñÿ ïî êîìàíäå ls, òî îáíàðóæèòå â êàòàëîãå íîâûé
ôàéë sarge-i386-1.jigdo.unpacked. Ôàéëû .jigdo ñæàòû ïðîãðàììîé gzip. Ýòîò ôàéëÿâëÿåòñÿ ðàñïàêîâàííîé âåðñèåé ôàéëà .jigdo.
Ïðÿìî ñåé÷àñ, jigdo-lite ãîâîðèò íàì, ÷òî åñëè ìû èìååì óñòàðåâøóþ âåðñèþ ïåðâîãî CD
sarge, òî ìîæåì çàäàòü ïóòü ê ýòîìó CD. Âîò òàê îáíîâëÿþòñÿ ISO îáðàçû (èëè çàãðóæàþòñÿ
íåçàâåðø¼ííûå). Òàê êàê ìû ïðåäïîëàãàåì, ÷òî íà÷èíàåì ñ íóëÿ è íå èìååì Debian ISO, òîñêàíèðîâàòü íå÷åãî. Ìû îïèøåì ýòî â Ðàçä. 5>, òàê ÷òî ïðîñòî íàæìèòå ENTER.
Ñìîòðèòå òàêæå Ðàçä. 7.2.

4.4. Óêàçàíèå ñåðâåðà-çåðêàëà
Ñåé÷àñ âû âèäèòå:----------------------------------------------------------------The jigdo file refers to files stored on Debian mirrors. Pleasechoose a Debian mirror as follows: Either enter a complete URL
pointing to a mirror (in the form
‘ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/’), or enter any regular expression
for searching through the list of mirrors: Try a two-lettercountry code such as ‘de’, or a country name like ‘UnitedStates’, or a server name like ‘sunsite’.
Debian mirror [http://linux.csua.berkeley.edu/debian/]:8

DJ-HOWTO\tÏî óìîë÷àíèþ, jigdo-lite èñïîëüçóåò ñåðâåð-çåðêàëî, óêàçàííîå â /etc/apt/sources.list.
Åñëè âû õîòèòå èñïîëüçîâàòü äðóãîé ñåðâåð-çåðêàëî, òî ìîæåòå óêàçàòü åãî çäåñü. Åñëè ýòîòîò ñåðâåð-çåðêàëî, êîòîðîå âû õîòèòå èñïîëüçîâàòü, íàæìèòå ENTER. Jigdo-lite ñîõðàíèòýòó íàñòðîéêó â ôàéëå ~/.jigdo-lite â âàøåì äîìàøíåì êàòàëîãå.
Çàòåì, åñëè â ôàéëå .jigdo åñòü ññûëêà íà ïàêåò, êîòîðûé äîëæåí áûòü çàãðóæåí ñ Non-USñåðâåðà (ñåðâåðà, òåððèòîðèàëüíî ðàñïîëîæåííîãî íå â ÑØÀ), òî jigdo-lite ïîïðîñèò âàñââåñòè èìÿ ñåðâåðà-çåðêàëà Debian Non-US. Ïîêàçûâàåìîå ñîîáùåíèå (è îòâåò) áóäåò î÷åíü
ïîõîæå íà äèàëîã âûáîðà ñåðâåðà-çåðêàëà èç ïðåäûäóùåãî ïàðàãðàôà.

----------------------------------------------------------------The jigdo file also refers to the Non-US section of the Debianarchive. Please repeat the mirror selection for Non-US. Do not
simply copy the URL you entered above; this does not work because
the path on the servers differs!
Debian non-US mirror [http://linux.csua.berkeley.edu/debian-non-US//]:\t

Jigdo-lite ñîõðàíèò âàø âûáîð â ~/.jigdo-lite. Îäíàêî, åñëè îáðàç, êîòîðûé âû õîòèòå
çàãðóçèòü, íå ñîäåðæèò Non-US ïðîãðàìì, òî âû íå óâèäèòå ýòîò äèàëîã.
Åñëè âû õîòèòå èçìåíèòü ñåðâåð-çåðêàëî ïî óìîë÷àíèþ, òî â ëþáîå âðåìÿ, ìîæåòå èçìåíèòüäâå ñòðîêè â ôàéëå ~/.jigdo-lite:

debianMirror=’http://some-mirror-to-use/debian/’
nonusMirror=’http://some-other-mirror/debian-non-US/’

4.5. Çàãðóçêà ISOÏîñëå óêàçàíèÿ ñåðâåðà(îâ)-çåðêàëà, jigdo-lite íà÷í¼ò çàãðóçêó ôàéëîâ äëÿ ñáîðêè ISOîáðàçà:Not downloading .template file - ‘sarge-i386-1.template’ already present----------------------------------------------------------------Merging parts from ‘file:’ URIs, if any...
Found 0 of the 826 files required by the template
Will not create image or temporary file - try again with different input files--09:35:12-- http://mirror/debian/pool/main/p/pack/pack_3.10-1_i386.deb=> ‘sarge-i386-1.iso.tmpdir/mirror/debian/pool/main/p/pack/pack_3.10-1_i386.deb
Resolving linux.csua.berkeley.edu... done.
Connecting to linux.csua.berkeley.edu[128.32.112.231]:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1,911,624 [application/x-debian-package]
19% [======>] 378,304

149.87K/s

ETA 00:09

9

DJ-HOWTOÏî ýêðàíó áóäåò ïðîëåòàòü ìíîãî ñîîáùåíèé; åñëè âàñ ýòî ñìóùàåò, òî ñìîòðèòå Ðàçä. 6.13>.
Ïîêà jigdo-lite çàãðóæàåò ïàêåòû, ïåðåêëþ÷èòåñü â äðóãóþ êîíñîëü (èëè îòêðîéòå åù¼ îäèíxterm) è çàïóñòèòå ls â êàòàëîãå, ãäå âû çàïóñòèëè jigdo-lite. Òåïåðü â ýòîì êàòàëîãå óæå 6ôàéëîâ:• sarge-i386-1.iso.list• sarge-i386-1.iso.tmp• jigdo-file-cache.db• sarge-i386-1.iso.tmpdir/• sarge-i386-1.jigdo• sarge-i386-1.jigdo.unpacked• sarge-i386-1.templateÊàòàëîã sarge-i386-1.iso.tmpdir/ ñîäåðæèò âñå ïàêåòû Debian, óæå çàãðóæåííûå
jigdo-lite. Ñ îïðåäåë¼ííîé ÷àñòîòîé ôàéëû êàòàëîãà ïåðåïèñûâàþòñÿ â ôàéësarge-i386-1.iso.tmp, êîòîðûé ÿâëÿåòñÿ íåïîëíîé âåðñèåé íóæíîãî ISO îáðàçà. Çàìåòèì,÷òî ôàéë sarge-i386-1.iso.tmp íå ñóùåñòâóåò äî ïåðâîé î÷èñòêè êàòàëîãà
sarge-i386-1.iso.tmpdir/.

jigdo-file-cache.db — ýòî ôàéë Berekeley DB, ñîäåðæàùèé êîíòðîëüíûå ñóììû md5 âñåõôàéëîâ, ïðî÷èòàííûõ èç êàòàëîãà, êîòîðûé âû óêàçàëè â Files to scan:. Ýòîò ôàéëîïèñàí â Ðàçä. 7.3>.
Ñåé÷àñ ìîæíî ñåñòü ïîèãðàòü íåìíîãî â Quake III, ïîòîìó ÷òî ïðîöåññ çàéì¼ò êàêîå-òî âðåìÿ
(íàâåðíî ïðèä¼òñÿ ñåñòü èãðàòü çà äðóãóþ ìàøèíó, ïîòîìó ÷òî jigdo èíòåíñèâíî ðàáîòàåò ñäèñêîì ïðè çàïèñè ñîõðàíÿåìûõ ôàéëîâ â ôàéë .iso.tmp). Â êàêîé-òî ìîìåíò, çàãðóçêà
çàêîí÷èòñÿ è âû óâèäèòå:FINISHED --13:32:58-Downloaded: 7,469,872 bytes in 9 files
Found 9 of the 9 files required by the template
Successfully created ‘sarge-i386-3.raw’----------------------------------------------------------------Finished!
The fact that you got this far is a strong indication that ‘sarge-i386-3.raw’was generated correctly. I will perform an additional, final check,
which you can interrupt safely with Ctrl-C if you do not want to wait.
OK: Checksums match, image is good!
\t

5. Îáíîâëåíèå îáðàçà
Âîçìîæíî, âû ïðî÷ëè ïîñëåäíèé ðàçäåë, ñëåäîâàëè èíñòðóêöèÿì, çàïèñàëè ñâîè òîëüêî ÷òîñîçäàííûå ISO ôàéëû íà CD è ÷óâñòâóåòå ñåáÿ ñóõî è êîìôîðòíî. Ðàíî èëè ïîçäíî,10

DJ-HOWTOíåêîòîðûå ïàêåòû áóäóò îáíîâëåíû è òîãäà âû çàõîòèòå ïîäàðèòü ñâîè ñòàðûå CDêàêîìó-íèáóäü íîâè÷êó èç âàøåãî ìåñòíîãî LUG, à ñåáå çàïèñàòü íàáîð îáíîâë¼ííûõ CD.
Òàê êàê âû íà ïðàâèëüíîì ïóòè ê ñòàíîâëåíèþ jigdo-ãóðó, ìû íå áóäåì ïîãðóæàòüñÿ âìó÷èòåëüíûå äåòàëè, êàê ìû ýòî äåëàëè â ïîñëåäíåì ðàçäåëå.
Ïåðâûé øàã — çàãðóçèòü .jigdo è .template ôàéëû îïÿòü, íî òåõ îáðàçîâ, êîòîðûå âû õîòèòå
îáíîâèòü. Âû ìîæåòå óäèâèòüñÿ, çà÷åì íóæíî çàãðóæàòü èõ âî âòîðîé ðàç. Ïðè÷èíà ïðîñòà:îáíîâë¼ííûé îáðàç, êîòîðûé âû õîòèòå çàãðóçèòü, èçìåíèëñÿ. Ìîãëè äîáàâèòüñÿ íîâûå
ôàéëû èëè ÷òî-òî óäàëèòüñÿ, íî äàæå åñëè íåò, ëþáûå îáíîâë¼ííûå ïàêåòû èëè ôàéëû
òåïåðü èìåþò äðóãóþ êîíòðîëüíóþ ñóììó, íå òó, ÷òî çàïèñàíà â ôàéëàõ .jigdo è .template,èñïîëüçîâàííûõ ïðè ïåðâîé çàãðóçêå îáðàçîâ.
Â äàííûé ìîìåíò âû èëè äåðæèòå â ðóêàõ óñòàðåâøèå Debian CD èëè èìååòå ISO îáðàçû
ýòèõ CD íà æ¼ñòêîì äèñêå. Ïðîéä¼ì ïî øàãàì ÷åðåç îáíîâëåíèå ISO ôàéëà. Åñëè âû èìååòå
CD, âñòàâüòå åãî â CD ïðèâîä è ñìîíòèðóéòå:$ mount /cdromÈëè æå, åñëè âû èìååòå ISO ôàéë, êîòîðûé âàì íóæíî îáíîâèòü, ñìîíòèðóéòå åãî ÷åðåç
óñòðîéñòâî îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè (loopback) (äëÿ ýòîãî âàì íóæíî áûòü ñóïåðïîëüçîâàòåëåì).
Èñïîëüçóÿ Woody, â êà÷åñòâå ïðèìåðà:# mount -o loop woody-i386-1.iso /mntÒåïåðü çàïóñêàåì jigdo-lite ñ ôàéëîì .jigdo â êà÷åñòâå àðãóìåíòà.

$ jigdo-lite woody-i386-1.jigdo----------------------------------------------------------------Jigsaw Download "lite"
Copyright 2001-2002 by Richard Atterer <jigdo@atterer.net>
Loading settings from ‘/home/p/.jigdo-lite’----------------------------------------------------------------Images offered by ‘woody-i386-1.jigdo’:
1: Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 r0 Woody- Official i386 Binary-1 CD (debian-30r0-i386-binary-1.iso)
Further information about ‘debian-30r0-i386-binary-1.iso’:Generated on Thu, 18 Jul 2002 14:34:12 +0100----------------------------------------------------------------If you already have a previous version of the CD you aredownloading, jigdo can re-use files on the old CD that are alsopresent on the new image, and you do not need to download themagain. You found the secret message; you’re a very careful
reader. Mount the old CD ROM and enter the path it is mounted
under (e.g. ‘/mnt/cdrom’). Alternatively, just press enter if you
want to start the download of any remaining files.
You can also enter a single digit from the list below to11

DJ-HOWTO
select the respective entry for scanning:
1: /mnt
Files to scan:

jigdo-lite ñïðîñèò î ìåñòîïîëîæåíèè ñìîíòèðîâàííîãî CD (åñëè âû îáíîâëÿåòå CD) èëèñìîíòèðîâàííîãî ÷åðåç óñòðîéñòâî îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè (loopback) ISO ôàéëà (åñëè âûèñïîëüçóåòå ISO ôàéë). ß èñïîëüçóþ ISO ôàéë, ñìîíòèðîâàííûé â /mnt, ïîýòîìó ÿ ââîæó
/mnt. Åñëè âû îáíîâëÿåòå CD, ââåäèòå òî÷êó ìîíòèðîâàíèÿ âàøåãî CD, êîòîðîé îáû÷íî
ÿâëÿåòñÿ /cdrom. Â ëþáîì ñëó÷àå, jigdo-lite ïðîñêàíèðóåò âàø ñìîíòèðîâàííûé êàòàëîã,îïðåäåëèò êàêèå ôàéëû íóæíî îáíîâèòü è èñïîëüçóåò çàíîâî ôàéëû, êîòîðûå íå òðåáóþò
îáíîâëåíèÿ. Ñìîòðèòå òàêæå Ðàçä. 7.2.
Âû óâèäèòå ÷òî-òî òèïà òàêîãî:Files to scan: /mnt/otherNot downloading .template file - ‘woody-i386-1.template’ already present
jigdo-file: Output file ‘debian-30r0-i386-binary-1.iso’ already exists - delete
it or use --force
jigdo-file failed with code 3 - aborting.

×òî ñëó÷èëîñü? Íà ñàìîì äåëå, ÿ õîòåë ïîêàçàòü âàì ýòîò ìîìåíò, ïîòîìó ÷òî âûñòîëêí¼òåñü ñ ýòèì ðàíî èëè ïîçäíî. ß îáíîâëÿþ ISO ôàéë, íî ñòàðûé ôàéë îáðàçà
íàõîäèòñÿ â òîì æå êàòàëîãå, îòêóäà ÿ çàïóñòèë îáíîâëåíèå. Jigdo-lite õî÷åò ñîçäàòü ôàéë ñèìåíåì woody-i386-1.iso, íî ôàéë ñ òàêèì èìåíåì óæå ñóùåñòâóåò â òåêóùåì êàòàëîãå
(óñòàðåâøèé îáðàç). Jigdo-lite íå õî÷åò óíè÷òîæàòü ýòîò ôàéë, ïîýòîìó îñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ èïðåäëàãàåò ìíå âðó÷íóþ óäàëèòü ýòîò ôàéë èëè óêàçàòü --force, ÷òîáû îíà ïåðåçàïèñàëà
ýòîò ôàéë. Âû ìîæåòå òàêæå ïåðåèìåíîâàòü èëè ïåðåìåñòèòü ôàéë, íî ÿ ïîëàãàþ, ÷òîjigdo-lite ïðåäïîëàãàåò, ÷òî ìû çíàåì îá ýòîì. :-)Íå ñòåñíÿéòåñü óäàëèòü èëè ïåðåèìåíîâàòü ôàéë îáðàçà, åñëè îí ñìîíòèðîâàí ÷åðåç
óñòðîéñòâî îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè (loop mounted). Âíóòðè ôàéëîâîé ñèñòåìû èñïîëüçóþòñÿ
èíäåêñíûå äåñêðèïòîðû ôàéëîâ (inodes), è äàæå åñëè âû ïåðåìåñòèòå èëè ïåðåèìåíóåòå
ôàéë, èíäåêñíûé äåñêðèïòîð ôàéëà îñòàíåòñÿ ïðåæíèì. Íå áåñïîêîéòåñü çà ôàéëîâóþ
ñèñòåìó, ñìîíòèðîâàííóþ â /mnt. Óäàëåíèåì ISO ôàéëà âû íå èñïîðòèòå ñìîíòèðîâàííóþ
ôàéëîâóþ ñèñòåìó. Èíäåêñíûé äåñêðèïòîð ôàéëà áóäåò îñâîáîæä¼í, òîëüêî êîãäà ñ÷¼ò÷èêññûëîê íà íåãî ñòàíåò ðàâíûì íóëþ. Ìîíòèðîâàíèå ISO îáðàçà óâåëè÷èâàåò ñ÷¼ò÷èê,ïîýòîìó ôàéë áóäåò óäàë¼í ïî-íàñòîÿùåìó, òîëüêî ïîñëå òîãî êàê âû âûïîëíèòå rm ôàéë èðàçìîíòèðóåòå óñòðîéñòâî îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè. Âñå ëþäè, êîòîðûå îáíîâëÿþò CD, âîîáùå íè î
÷¼ì íå âîëíóþòñÿ. :-)ß ïåðåèìåíîâàë ISO ôàéë â woody-i386-1.iso.old è çàïóñêàþ jigdo-lite ñíîâà. Äàâàéòå
ïîïðîáóåì åù¼ ðàç:$ jigdo-lite woody-i386-1.jigdo----------------------------------------------------------------Jigsaw Download "lite"
Copyright 2001-2002 by Richard Atterer <jigdo@atterer.net>
Loading settings from ‘/home/p/.jigdo-lite’12

DJ-HOWTO----------------------------------------------------------------Images offered by ‘woody-i386-1.jigdo’:
1: Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 r0 Woody - Official i386 Binary-1 CD(debian-30r0-i386-binary-1.iso)
Further information about ‘debian-30r0-i386-binary-1.iso’:Generated on Thu, 18 Jul 2002 14:34:12 +0100----------------------------------------------------------------If you already have a previous version of the image you aredownloading, jigdo can re-use files on the old image that are alsopresent on the new image, and you do not need to download themagain. Mount the old CD ROM and enter the path it is mounted under(e.g. ‘/mnt/cdrom’). Alternatively, just press enter if you want
to start the download of any remaining files.
You can also enter a single digit from the list below to
select the respective entry for scanning:
1: /mnt
Files to scan: /mnt
Not downloading .template file - ‘woody-i386-1.template’ already present...
Found 1200 of the 1224 files required by the template...

jigdo-lite ïîìíèò, ÷òî ÿ õîòåë ïðîñêàíèðîâàòü /mnt è ãîâîðèò ìíå, ÷òî ÿ ìîãó èëè ââåñòè 1,÷òîáû ïðîñêàíèðîâàòü ýòîò êàòàëîã èëè çàäàòü äðóãîé êàòàëîã. Òàê êàê ÿ óïðÿìàÿ
ëè÷íîñòü, ÿ ââ¼ë èìÿ êàòàëîãà ñíîâà.
Ìíîãîòî÷èåì ÿ çàìåíèë íåêîòîðûé òåêñò, êîòîðûé áûñòðî ïðîëåòàåò ïî ýêðàíó. Ïåðâîå
ìíîãîòî÷èå çàìåíÿåò äèíàìè÷åñêèé ñïèñîê ôàéëîâ, ñêàíèðóåìûõ jigdo-lite. Âòîðîå
ìíîãîòî÷èå îçíà÷àåò ïðîöåññ çàïèñè â woody-i386-1.iso.tmp. Ïîñëå òîãî, êàê jigdo-liteçàêîí÷èò ñêàíèðîâàíèå ôàéëîâ è çàïèñü âðåìåííîãî ISO ôàéëà, îíà âûâîäèò:Copied input files to temporary file ‘woody-i386-1.iso.tmp’- repeat command and supply more files to continue----------------------------------------------------------------If you already have a previous version of the image you aredownloading, jigdo can re-use files on the old image that are alsopresent on the new image, and you do not need to download themagain. Mount the old CD ROM and enter the path it is mounted under(e.g. ‘/mnt/cdrom’). Alternatively, just press enter if you want
to start the download of any remaining files.
You can also enter a single digit from the list below to
select the respective entry for scanning:
1: /mnt
Files to scan:Òàê êàê îáû÷íî ó âàñ áîëüøå íåò äðóãèõ èñòî÷íèêîâ ôàéëîâ äëÿ ñêàíèðîâàíèÿ êðîìå
ñìîíòèðîâàííîãî ISO ôàéëà (èëè CD), íàæìèòå ENTER. Jigdo-lite çàòåì ïîïðîñèò âàñ çàäàòü

13

DJ-HOWTOñåðâåðà-çàðêàëà, êîòîðûå âû õîòèòå èñïîëüçîâàòü, òî÷íî òàêæå êàê îíà ýòî äåëàëà, êîãäàâû çàãðóæàëè âàø ISO â ïåðâûé ðàç. Âû óæå îòâå÷àëè íà ýòè âîïðîñû ðàíüøå, íî åñëè âûòî÷íî íå ïîìíèòå, òî ìîæåòå ïåðå÷èòàòü Ðàçä. 4.4>.
Ñ ýòîãî ìîìåíòà, âû óâèäèòå ìàãèþ jigdo-lite. Íå ïðàâäà ëè, ÷òî âñ¼ îêàçàëîñü ëåãêî?

6. ×àñòî çàäàâàåìûå âîïðîñû
Âîïðîñû, êîòîðûå íà÷èíàþòñÿ ñ äàòû, ÿâëÿþòñÿ âðåìåííûìè (òî åñòü, ýòà ïðîáëåìà
êîãäà-íèáóäü èñ÷åçíåò). Åñëè âû âèäèòå, ÷òî ñèòóàöèÿ ñ îäíèì èç âðåìåííûõ âîïðîñîâ
èçìåíèëàñü, ïîæàëóéñòà, ñâÿæèòåñü ñî ìíîé (mailto:p@dirac.orgZZZ), ÷òîáû ÿ ìîã óäàëèòü
âîïðîñ èç mini-HOWTO.

6.1. Ïî÷åìó jidgo ñïðàøèâàåò äâàæäû ïðè ñêàíèðîâàíèè
ñóùåñòâóþùèõ ôàéëîâ? Ïî÷åìó íåäîñòàòî÷íî ñêàçàòü
îäèí ðàç ÄÀ?
Îíà ñïðàøèâàåò òîëüêî ïîêà âû ââîäèòå ïóòè ñêàíèðîâàíèÿ. Ñìûñë â òîì, ÷òî âû ìîæåòå
çàõîòåòü ïðîñêàíèðîâàòü íåñêîëüêî ñòàðûõ CD, âñòàâëÿÿ èõ îäèí çà îäíèì è ñîõðàíÿÿ ïóòü"D:\" (èëè ÷òî òàì ó âàñ). Ñìîòðèòå òàêæå Ðàçä. 7.2.

6.2. Ó jigdo ïðîáëåìû ñ çàãðóçêîé ôàéëîâ ñîïðåäåë¼ííûìè èìåíàìè.
Ïðè çàãðóçêå îáðàçîâ Debian èç Windows, ñ ïîìîùüþ jigdo-lite ìîãóò âîçíèêíóòü ïðîáëåìû
çàãðóçêè îäíîãî èëè íåñêîëüêèõ ñëåäóþùèõ ôàéëîâ:libbusiness-onlinepayment-bankofamerica-perl_xxx_all.deb
libbusiness-onlinepayment-authorizenet-perl_xxx_all.deb
libbusiness-onlinepayment-payconnect-perl_xxx_all.deb
libmasonx-request-withapachesession-perl_xxx_all.deb
libtemplate-plugin-calendar-simple-perl_xxx_all.debÏåðåìåñòèòå êàòàëîã çàãðóçêè jigdo ââåðõ ïî èåðàðõèè êàòàëîãîâ, áëèæå ê âåðøèíå äåðåâà
óñòðîéñòâà.
Äëèíà ïóòè â ôàéëîâîé ñèñòåìå NTFS îãðàíè÷åíà 255 ñèìâîëàìè. Êîãäà jigdo-lite çàãðóæàåò
ôàéëû èç Èíòåðíåò, îíà ñîçäà¼ò êîïèþ ñòðóêòóðû êàòàëîãîâ ñåðâåðà â ñâî¼ì êàòàëîãå
çàãðóçêè. Â ñëó÷àå ñ î÷åíü äëèííûìè èìåíàìè ïàêåòîâ Debian, ïîêàçàííûõ âûøå, ýòî êàêðàç è ïðîèñõîäèò, ÷òî ïðèâîäèò â ñîîáùåíèÿì òèïà"Cannot write to ‘[very long
pathname]’ (No such file or directory)".
Íåêîòîðûå ëþäè òåïåðü óäèâëÿþòñÿ: Çà÷åì jigdo-lite èñïîëüçóåò ïàðàìåòðà wget "--force-directories", êîòîðûå ïîçâîëÿåò ñîçäàâàòü ýòè ïðîáëåìíûå êàòàëîãè?

14

DJ-HOWTOÐàííèå âåðñèè jigdo-lite íå èñïîëüçîâàëè åãî, íî ïîòîì íåêîòîðûå ëþäè ïîïðîñèëè, ÷òîáû
jigdo-lite âñåãäà èñïîëüçîâàëà ïàðàìåòð "--continue" äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû èçáåæàòü
èãíîðèðîâàíèÿ è óäàëåíèÿ íåäîêà÷àííûõ .deb ôàéëîâ ïðè ïðåðûâàíèè è ïåðåçàïóñêå

jigdo-lite.
Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, ýòî ïðèâåëî ê ïðîáëåìàì: ñåðâåðà Debian ñîäåðæàò íåñêîëüêî îäèíàêîâî
íàçâàííûõ ôàéëîâ (íàïðèìåð "root.bin") â ðàçíûõ êàòàëîãàõ, è åñëè âû ïðåðâ¼òå jigdo-liteâî âðåìÿ çàãðóçêè òàêîãî ôàéëà, òî åñòü øàíñ, ÷òî ïðè äîêà÷èâàíèè áóäóò äîáàâëåíû
äàííûå èç äðóãîãî ôàéëà è ýòî ïðèâåä¼ò ê êðàõó âñåé çàãðóçêè jigdo.

6.3. Êàê çàñòàâèòü jigdo èñïîëüçîâàòü ïðîêñè-ñåðâåð?
Îòêðîéòå ôàéë ~/.jigdo-lite (èëè jigdo-lite-settings.txt â âåðñèè äëÿ Microsoft
Windows) â òåêñòîâîì ðåäàêòîðå è íàéäèòå ñòðîêó, íà÷èíàþùóþñÿ ñ "wgetOpts". Ê íåéìîæíî äîáàâèòü ñëåäóþùèå ïàðàìåòðû (âñå â îäíó ñòðîêó):-e ftp_proxy=http://LOCAL-PROXY:PORT/-e http_proxy=http://LOCAL-PROXY:PORT/--proxy-user=USER--proxy-passwd=PASSWORD

Ðàçóìååòñÿ, íóæíî ïîäñòàâèòü ïðàâèëüíûå çíà÷åíèÿ âàøåãî ïðîêñè-ñåðâåðà. Ïîñëåäíèå äâàïàðàìåòðà òðåáóþòñÿ, òîëüêî åñëè ïðîêñè èñïîëüçóåò ïàðîëüíóþ àóòåíòèôèêàöèþ.
Ïàðàìåòðû íóæíî äîáàâèòü â êîíåö ñòðîêè wgetOpts ïåðåä çàâåðøàþùèì ñèìâîëîì ’. Âñåïàðàìåòðû äîëæíû áûòü â îäíîé ñòðîêå.
Â Linux âìåñòî ýòîãî, ìîæíî òàêæå óñòàíîâèòü ïåðåìåííûå ñðåäû ftp_proxy è http_proxy,íàïðèìåð â ôàéëå /etc/environment èëè ~/.bashrc.

6.4. Jigdo-lite çàâåðøèëàñü ñ îøèáêîé. ß ÷òî, çðÿ çàãðóæàëâñå ýòè ìåãàáàéòû?
Åñëè ðàáîòà jigdo-file áûëà ïðåðâàíà ïîñëå çàãðóçêè çíà÷èòåëüíîãî êóñêà ñîäåðæèìîãî ISO,òî ó âàñ îñòàíåòñÿ áîëüøîé ôàéë ".iso.tmp". Åñòü íåñêîëüêî ñïîñîáîâ ïîïûòàòüñÿ ñïàñòèýòè äàííûå:• Ïåðåçàïóñòèòå çàãðóçêó, íàæàâ êëàâèøó RETURN. Ìîæåò áûòü, íåêîòîðûå ôàéëû íåóäàëîñü çàãðóçèòü èç-çà çàäåðæåê èëè äðóãèõ âðåìåííûõ îøèáîê. Ïîïðîáóéòå ñêà÷àòü
ïðîïóùåííûå ôàéëû åù¼ ðàç.
• Èñïîëüçóéòå äðóãîé ñåðâåð-çåðêàëî. Íåêîòîðûå ñåðâåðà-çåðêàëà Debian ñëåãêà íåñèíõðîíèçèðîâàíû. Ìîæåò áûòü, äðóãîé ñåðâåð-çåðêàëî âñ¼ åù¼ õðàíèò ôàéëû,óäàë¼ííûå ñ òîãî, êîòîðûé âû óêàçàëè, èëè óæå ïîëó÷èë ôàéëû, åù¼ îòñóòñòâóþùèå íàâàøåì ñåðâåðå-çåðêàëå. Òàêîå ó ìåíÿ ñëó÷àëîñü ïàðó ðàç.
• Çàãðóçèòå íåäîñòàþùèå ÷àñòè îáðàçà ñ ïîìîùüþ rsync (http://rsync.samba.org). Äëÿ íà÷àëàâàì íóæíî íàéòè ïðàâèëüíûé URL rsync çàãðóæàåìîãî îáðàçà: âûáåðèòå ñåðâåð,ïðåäîñòàâëÿþùèé äîñòóï ïî rsync ê îáðàçàì stable15

DJ-HOWTO(http://www.debian.org/CD/mirroring/rsync-mirrors) èëè testing(http://www.debian.org/CD/http-ftp/#testing), è çàòåì îïðåäåëèòå ïðàâèëüíûé ïóòü è èìÿôàéëà. Ñïèñêè ñîäåðæèìîãî êàòàëîãîâ ìîãóò áûòü ïîëó÷åíû êîìàíäîé rsync
rsync://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/.
Çàòåì, óäàëèòå ðàñøèðåíèå ".tmp" ñ âðåìåííîãî ôàéëà jigdo-lite ïðîñòûì
ïåðåèìåíîâûâàíèåì, è ïåðåäàéòå óäàë¼ííûé URL è èìÿ ëîêàëüíîãî ôàéëà rsync: rsync
rsync://server.org/path/binary-i386-1.iso binary-i386-1.iso. Âû ìîæåòå èñïîëüçîâàòü êëþ÷è
rsync --verbose è --progress, ÷òîáû ïîëó÷àòü ñîîáùåíèÿ î ñîñòîÿíèè è--block-size=8192, ÷òîáû óâåëè÷èòü ñêîðîñòü çàãðóçêè.
• Â Linux âû ìîæåòå ñìîíòèðîâàòü ôàéë .tmp ÷åðåç óñòðîéñòâî îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè äëÿ äîñòóïàê ïàêåòàì, êîòîðûå óæå çàãðóæåíû, è èñïîëüçîâàòü èõ äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ îáðàçà ñ áîëåå íîâûì
ôàéëîì .jigdo. Äëÿ ýòîãî ñíà÷àëà âûïîëíèòå îò èìåíè ñóïåðïîëüçîâàòåëÿ(root) â êàòàëîãåñ íåóäàâøåéñÿ çàãðóçêîé ñëåäóþùóþ êîìàíäó: mkdir mnt; mount -t iso9660 -o loop *.tmp
mnt. Çàòåì çàïóñòèòå çàãðóçêó â äðóãîì êàòàëîãå è ââåäèòå ïóòü ê êàòàëîãó mnt âïðèãëàøåíèè "Files to scan".
Â Microsoft Windows âû ìîæåòå ñäåëàòü òîæå ñàìîå ñìîíòèðîâàâ âðåìåííûé ISO îáðàç ñïîìîùüþ ïðîãðàììíîãî îáåñïå÷åíèÿ ñîçäàþùåãî "âèðòóàëüíûå äèñêè". Íàèáîëåå
ïîïóëÿðíû Daemon tools (http://www.daemon-tools.cc) è Nero Image Drive. Ïîäðîáíåé îïàðàìåòðàõ ñìîòðèòå http://tinyurl.com/c39zr.

6.5. [11 Aug 2002]: Ïî÷åìó íåò ïåðåâîäîâ ýòîãî HOWTO â
LDP?
Ó ìåíÿ âîçíèêëè ïðîáëåìû, êîãäà ÿ ïðåäëàãàë ïåðåâîäû ýòîãî HOWTO íå àíãëèéñêèì
ðåäàêòîðàì LDP.
Íåìåöêèé ðåäàêòîð LDP, Marco Budde <Budde@tu-harburg.de>, îòêàçàëñÿ ïðèíÿòü
íåìåöêèé ïåðåâîä, ïîòîìó ÷òî îí â ôîðìàòå Docbook, à íå â Linuxdoc, õîòÿ Docbook áîëåå
ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíûé ÿçûê SGML äëÿ LDP. Ñòûäíî, ÷òî ìû èìååì ëþäåé â ñîîáùåñòâå open
source, êîòîðûé ïîäðûâàþò íàñ èçíóòðè.
Ïîðòóãàëüñêèé ðåäàêòîð LDP, Alfredo Carvalho <ajpc@poli.org>, ïîëíîñòüþ
ïðîèãíîðèðîâàë ìî¼ ïðåäëîæåíèå ïîðòóãàëüñêîãî ïåðåâîäà.
Åñëè âàì õîòåëîñü áû èìåòü äîêóìåíòû íà ýòèõ ÿçûêàõ â LDP, íàïèøèòå ýòèì ðåäàêòîðàì èïîïðîñèòå èõ îòâåòñòâåííåé îòíîñèòüñÿ ê ïðè¼ìó ïåðåâîäîâ. Â äàííûé ìîìåíò, âû ìîæåòå
çàãðóçèòü ýòè ïåðåâîäû ñ ìîåãî ëè÷íîãî âåá ñàéòà, http://www.dirac.org/linux/debian/jigdo.
Êàê âàì íå ñòûäíî, Marco Budde <Budde@tu-harburg.de>.
Êàê âàì íå ñòûäíî, Alfredo Carvalho <ajpc@poli.org>.

6.6. ×òî äåëàòü, åñëè jigdo ïðåðâàëñÿ?
Åñëè âàøà çàãðóçêà ïðåðâàëàñü, âñ¼ ÷òî âàì íóæíî, ýòî ïðîñòî çàïóñòèòü çàíîâî jigdo-lite èíàæèìàòü ENTER ïðè îòâåòå íà âñå âîïðîñû. Jigdo-lite íà÷í¼ò îòòóäà ãäå îñòàíîâèëñÿ.

16

DJ-HOWTO

6.7. Ìîÿ çàãðóçêà jigdo íå çàêîí÷èëàñü, ïîòîìó ÷òî ôàéë.jigdo èñïîð÷åí. Êîãäà ÿ çàãðóæó íîâûé èñïðàâëåííûé
ôàéë .jigdo, ìíå ïðèä¼òñÿ çàãðóæàòü âñ¼ ïî-íîâîé?
Ìîæåò îêàçàòüñÿ, ÷òî ôàéë .jigdo èñïîð÷åí. Ýòî áûâàåò î÷åíü ðåäêî, íî ñëó÷àåòñÿ âðåìÿ îòâðåìåíè ïðè ñìåíå òåñòîâîãî èëè íåñòàáèëüíîãî âûïóñêà Debian.
Åñëè âû âûÿñíèëè, ÷òî çàãðóæåííûé ôàéë .jigdo èñïîð÷åí, òî âàì íóæíî çàãðóçèòü íîâûé
ôàéë .jigdo (êîãäà ïîÿâèòñÿ èñïðàâëåííàÿ âåðñèÿ), íî çàãðóæàòü âñå äàííûå ISO ñíîâà íåïîòðåáóåòñÿ .
Âû ìîæåòå èñïîëüçîâàòü òîò æå òðþê ñ ìîíòèðîâàíèåì ÷åðåç óñòðîéñòâî îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè,êàêîé ìû ïðîäåëûâàëè, êîãäà îáíîâëÿëè îáðàç ISO. Ðàçíèöà â òîì, ÷òî íåò çàâåðø¼ííîãî
.iso ôàéëà, íî ôàéë .iso.tmp òîæå ÿâëÿåòñÿ îáðàçîì ISO è ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàí äëÿçàâåðøåíèÿ çàãðóçêè áåç ïåðåêà÷êè óæå çàãðóæåííûõ äàííûõ. Ïðîñòî ñìîíòèðóéòå ôàéë.iso.tmp ÷åðåç óñòðîéñòâî îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè â /mnt, è ïîñëå ïåðåçàïóñêà jigdo-lite ñèñïðàâëåííûì ôàéëîì .jigdo, óêàæèòå jigdo-lite ñêàíèðîâàòü /mnt. Íå çàáóäüòå
ïåðåèìåíîâàòü èëè ïåðåìåñòèòü ôàéë .iso.tmp, òàê ÷òîáû íå ïåðåñå÷üñÿ ñ jigdo-lite, êîãäà îíàçàõî÷åò ñîçäàòü íîâûé ôàéë .iso.tmp.

6.8. Ìîæíî ëè èñïîëüçîâàòü jigdo äëÿ çàãðóçêè îáðàçîâ
DVD?
Êîíå÷íî: ïðîöåññ èäåíòè÷åí çàãðóçêå îáðàçîâ CD. Âàì òîëüêî íóæíî çàãðóçèòü äðóãèå
ôàéëû .jigdo è .template äëÿ DVD âìåñòî CD. Âû ìîæåòå íàéòè DVD ôàéëû .jigdo è .templateçäåñü http://www.debian.org/CD/jigdo-cd/.
Çàìåòèì, ÷òî äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ ôàéëîâ DVD ðàçìåðà âàì íóæíî ÿäðî âåðñèè 2.4 èëè áîëåå
ïîçäíåé.
Ïîä Windows íóæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü jigdo-win-0.7.1a (âûïóùåíà 21 èþëÿ 2004 ãîäà) èëèáîëåå ïîçäíþþ. Ýòî ÿâëÿåòñÿ ñëåäñòâèåì îøèáêè ïîääåðæêè áîëüøèõ ôàéëîâ â Mingw32,
êîìïèëÿòîðà, êîòîðûé èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ èñïîëíÿåìîãî ôàéëà ïîä MS Windows.
Îøèáêà áûëà èñïðàâëåíà è áûë âûïóùåí jigdo-win-0.7.1a.

6.9. Ìîæíî ëè çàïèñàòü ôàéë .iso.tmp íà CD?
Ñïàñèáî Ãîðäîíó Õàôôó(Gordon Huff) è Äåâèäó Àíñåëìè(David Anselmi), òåïåðü ìû çíàåì
îòâåò: "äà, ìîæíî". Ãîðäîí äàæå íàø¼ë õîðîøóþ ïðè÷èíó äëÿ ýòîãî. Öèòèðóþ Ãîðäîíà:Ìîé äðóã ñ Win98 èìååò *îòëè÷íîå* êàáåëüíîå ïîäêëþ÷åíèå ê Èíòåðíåòó. ß ïðèø¼ë ê íåìóóòðîì, çàïóñòèë jigdo (äàæå íå îäíó, íà ñàìîì äåëå), è óø¼ë â ìàãàçèí, êóïèë êèâè, äîñòàë
ðîæäåñòâåíñêèå ãèðëÿíäû è ðîæäåñòâåíñêóþ ¼ëêó, íàðÿäèë ¼ëêó, çàêàçàë è ðàçðåçàë ïèööó è
çàæ¼ã satellite dish.
ß óø¼ë îò äðóãà ñ íåñêîëüêèìè iso.tmp íà CDRW. Êîãäà ÿ ïðèø¼ë äîìîé, ÿ çàêîí÷èë çàãðóçêó
ýòèõ iso ÷åðåç ìîäåìíîå ñîåäèíåíèå.

17

DJ-HOWTO

6.10. Jigdo-lite íå ðàáîòàåò! Îí çàãðóæàåò íåñêîëüêî
ïàêåòîâ è óäàëÿåò èõ. ß çíàþ, ÷òî îí íå çàïèñàë èõ â ôàéëiso.tmp, åãî ðàçìåð íå èçìåíèëñÿ!
Jigdo ïðåêðàñíî ðàáîòàåò — ôàéë .iso.tmp ñðàçó ñîçäà¼òñÿ ñî ñâîèì êîíå÷íûì ðàçìåðîì èçàïîëíÿåòñÿ íóëÿìè. Ïîçæå îí ïî ÷àñòÿì ïåðåçàïèñûâàåòñÿ ñêà÷èâàåìûìè äàííûìè.
Âû ìîæåòå óáåäèòüñÿ, ÷òî jigdo ðàáîòàåò ïî ñîîáùåíèÿì "Found X of the Y files
required by the template", êîòîðûå ïîÿâëÿþòñÿ âðåìÿ îò âðåìåíè. Ïåðâîå çíà÷åíèå "X"äîëæíî óâåëè÷èâàòüñÿ. Âòîðîå çíà÷åíèå "Y" äîëæíî óìåíüøàòüñÿ. Êîãäà X ñòàíåò ðàâíûì Y,çàãðóçêà çàâåðøèòñÿ.

6.11. Jigdo-easy íå ðàáîòàåò.
Ñìîòðèòå Ðàçä. 7.1>.

6.12. Ïðè îáíîâëåíèè îáðàçà ÿ õî÷ó, ÷òîáû jigdo-liteïðîñêàíèðîâàë 14 ñìîíòèðîâàííûõ îáðàçîâ. Êàê ýòîñäåëàòü?
Ïðè îáíîâëåíèè CD îáðàçîâ íàäîåäàåò ìîíòèðîâàòü è ðàçìîíòèðîâàòü îáðàçû. Ê òîìó æå,ïî óìîë÷àíèþ, ÿäðî Linux ïîääåðæèâàåò òîëüêî âîñåìü óñòðîéñòâ îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè, à â ìåíþðàíåå ââåä¼ííûõ ïóòåé jigdo-lite åñëè òîëüêî ïÿòü ñòðîê.
×òîáû ïðîñêàíèðîâàòü îáðàçû, ñíà÷àëà íóæíî çàäàòü â ÿäðå Linux áîëüøåå êîëè÷åñòâî
óñòðîéñòâ ÷åì âîñåìü. Ýòî äåëàåòñÿ ïåðåäà÷åé ïàðàìåòðà "max_loop" ìîäóëè ïðè çàãðóçêå,íàïðèìåð, "modprobe loop max_loop=16" èëè äîáàâëåíèåì ñòðîêè "options loop
max_loop=16" â ôàéë /etc/modules.conf. Â Debian âû äîëæíû çàïèñàòü ýòó ñòðîêó â ôàéëñ èìåíåì, íàïðèìåð /etc/modutils/local-loop è çàïóñòèòü update-modules, òàê êàêðó÷íûå ïðàâêè /etc/modules.conf áóäóò ñò¼ðòû.
Ïîñëå ìîíòèðîâàíèÿ âñåõ îáðàçîâ, âû ìîæåòå ïåðåäàòü ðîäèòåëüñêèé êàòàëîã âñåõ òî÷åê
ìîíòèðîâàíèÿ jigdo-lite äëÿ ñêàíèðîâàíèÿ. Íàïðèìåð, åñëè îáðàçû ñìîíòèðîâàíû â/mnt/myloopmounts/image1/ è òàê äàëåå, óêàæèòå "/mnt/myloopmounts" â êà÷åñòâå ïóòèñêàíèðîâàíèÿ. Åñëè îáùåãî êàòàëîãà íåò, òî âû ìîæåòå ñîçäàòü êàòàëîã è çàïîëíèòü åãîñèìâîëè÷åñêèìè ññûëêàìè íà òî÷êè ìîíòèðîâàíèÿ.

6.13. Jigdo-lite ïîêàçûâàåò ñëèøêîì ìíîãî ñîîáùåíèé. Êàêçàáëîêèðîâàòü êàêóþ-òî ÷àñòü èëè âñå ýòè ñîîáùåíèÿ?
Jigdo-lite èñïîëüçóåò wget, à ñîîáùåíèé îò wget ìîæåò áûòü äîâîëüíî ìíîãî. Åñëè âàì ýòî íåíðàâèòñÿ, òî ìîæíî çàñòàâèòü wget âûäàâàòü ìåíüøå ñîîáùåíèé, äîáàâèâ --non-verbose âïàðàìåòð wgetOpts â ôàéëå ~/.jigdo-lite. Åñëè âû õîòèòå, ÷òîáû wget âîîáùå íè÷åãî íåâûâîäèë, èñïîëüçóéòå --quiet â ïàðàìåòðå wgetOpts.

18

DJ-HOWTO

6.14. Ìîæíî ëè èñïîëüçîâàòü jigdo íå íàLinuõ-ïëàòôîðìàõ?
Êîíå÷íî. Åñëè âû çàèíòåðåñîâàíû â Potato èëè Woody ïîä Microsoft Windows, ñòàðîì SunOS,
HP-UX è IRIX, âû ìîæåòå èñïîëüçîâàòü jigdo-easy. Ñìîòðèòå Ðàçä. 7.1> è Ðàçä. 7.4>.
Åñëè âû õîòèòå çàãðóçèòü Potato, Woody, Sarge èëè Sid ïîä Microsoft Windows, òî jigdo-lite áûëïåðåíåñ¼í íà ýòó ïëàòôîðìó è ìîæåò áûòü çàãðóæåí ñ ãëàâíîãî ñàéòà jigdo (Ðàçä. 7.4>).

6.15. Ïî÷åìó â MS Windows ÿ ïîëó÷àþ îøèáêó "No such
file or directory"?
Ìîæåò ñëó÷èòüñÿ, ÷òî ïîä MS Windows, jigdo-lite çàãðóæàåò íåêîòîðûå ôàéëû, íî çàòåì íåìîæåò ïðî÷åñòü èõ ñîäåðæèìîå, ÷òî è ïðèâîäèò ê ñîîáùåíèþ îá îøèáêå "No such file ordirectory".
Âåðîÿòíî, ýòî ñëó÷àåòñÿ êîãäà äëèíà èì¼í ôàéëîâ, êîòîðûå îáðàáàòûâàåò jigdo ïðåâûøàåò
îïðåäåë¼ííóþ âåëè÷èíó. Ðåøåíèå ýòîé ïðîáëåìû ñîñòîèò â ïåðåìåùåíèè íàïîëîâèíó
çàãðóæåííîãî ôàéëà ââåðõ ïî èåðàðõèè êàòàëîãîâ, áëèæå ê âåðøèíå äåðåâà êàòàëîãîâ
óñòðîéñòâà.

6.16. Ïî÷åìó â MS Windows ìîè îáðàçû íå ìîãóò áûòüáîëüøå 2ÃÁ?
Âû èñïîëüçóåòå ñòàðóþ âåðñèþ jigdo. Îáíîâèòåñü äî jigdo-win-0.7.1a èëè áîëåå íîâîé.
Ïîäðîáíîñòè çäåñü Ðàçä. 6.8>.

6.17. Â MS Windows, jigdo-lite.bat íå çàïóñêàåòñÿ ñîøèáêîé, ÷òî "sh" íå íàéäåí.
Ýòî çíà÷èò, ÷òî íå ñðàáîòàëà êîìàíäà PATH â .bat ôàéëå. Ïî÷åìó-òî ýòî ñëó÷àåòñÿ åñëè âûðàñïàêîâàëè jigdo â ðàñøàðåííóþ ïàïêó Windows óêàçàâ ïóòü òèïà"\\SomeServer\Files\jigdo". Ðåøåíèå: Èñïîëüçóéòå êîìàíäó "Map network drive" (â ìåíþîáîçðåâàòåëÿ"èíñòðóìåíòû"), ÷òîáû íàçíà÷èòü áóêâó äèñêà òèïà "Z:", çàòåì çàïóñêàéòå
.bat ôàéë âíóòðè "Z:\jigdo". Òàêæå, ìîæíî ïåðåìåñòèòü âñ¼ èç ïîäêàòàëîãà jigdo-bin âêàòàëîã, ãäå ëåæèò .bat.

6.18. Ìîæíî çàïóñòèòü íåñêîëüêî ýêçåìïëÿðîâ jigdo-liteäëÿ çàãðóçêè îáðàçîâ îäíîâðåìåííî?
Êîíå÷íî. Îäíàêî, ÷òîáû èçáåæàòü êîíôëèêòà èì¼í ôàéëîâ, íóæíî çàïóñêàòü êàæäûé
ýêçåìïëÿð jigdo-lite â îòäåëüíîì êàòàëîãå. Âû ìîæåòå çàïóñòèòü ëþáîå êîëè÷åñòâî
ýêçåìïëÿðîâ êàêîå õîòèòå, ëîæèòåñü ñïàòü, à êîãäà âû ïðîñí¼òåñü, âñå ISO îáðàçû áóäóò

19

DJ-HOWTOæäàòü âàñ íà æ¼ñòêîì äèñêå. Íå çàáûâàéòå, ÷òî jigdo-lite èíòåíñèâíî èñïîëüçóåò ñåòü èïðîöåññîð, ïîýòîìó, íàâåðíî, íå ñòîèò çàïóñêàòü íà êîìïüþòåðå íåñêîëüêî ýêçåìïëÿðîâ,åñëè îí óæå çàíÿò äðóãîé ðàáîòîé.

6.19. Åñòü ëè ãðàôè÷åñêèé èíòåðôåéñ?
Âåä¼òñÿ ðàáîòà íàä GTK+ èíòåðôåéñîì äëÿ jigdo. Ïëàíèðóåòñÿ ñäåëàòü ãðàôè÷åñêèõ
êëèåíòîâ äëÿ Linux è Microsoft Windows. Ê ñîæàëåíèþ, çà 1.5 ãîäà ýòà ðàáîòà âûïîëíåíà
òîëüêî íà 80%, òàê ÷òî ñêîðîãî ðåëèçà íå îæèäàåòñÿ.

7. Íåêîòîðûå òåðìèíû
7.1. jigdo-easy
Jigdo-easy, íàïèñàííûé Anne Bezemer, îñíîâàíà íà jigdo-lite, è ïåðåíåñåíà íà áîëüøåå
êîëè÷åñòâî ñèñòåì, âêëþ÷àÿ Microsoft Windows, ñòàðûå SunOS, HP-UX è IRIX). Òàêæå, å¼ëåã÷å èñïîëüçîâàòü, ÷åì jigdo-lite, íî èç-çà èçìåíåíèé ñäåëàííûõ â Jigdo, îíà ðàáîòàåò òîëüêî
ñ Potato è Woody. Jigdo-easy íå ìîæåò çàãðóæàòü Sarge è Sid. Ñìîòðèòå Ðàçä. 7.4> è Ðàçä. 6.14>.

7.2. Ïîäðîáíåé î ñêàíèðîâàíèè èñòî÷íèêîâÂû çíàåòå, ÷òî êîãäà jigdo-lite ñïðàøèâàåò î ñêàíèðîâàíèè ôàéëîâ, âû ìîæåòå èñïîëüçîâàòü
3 èñòî÷íèêà:• Ñìîíòèðîâàííóþ êîïèþ óñòàðåâøåãî CD èëè DVD, êîòîðûé íóæíî îáíîâèòü.
• Ñìîíòèðîâàííóþ ÷åðåç óñòðîéñòâî îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè êîïèþ ôàéëà ñ óñòàðåâøèì ISOîáðàçîì íà æ¼ñòêîì äèñêå.
• Ñìîíòèðîâàííóþ ÷åðåç óñòðîéñòâî îáðàòíîé ñâÿçè êîïèþ âðåìåííîãî ôàéëà .iso.tmp,

åñëè ïðåäûäóùèé çàïóñê jigdo-lite áûë ïðåðâàí.

Êàê ñîîáùèë Jens Seidel, åñòü åù¼ îäèí, áîëåå õèòðûé èñòî÷íèê, êîòîðûé ìîæíî
èñïîëüçîâàòü äëÿ ñêàíèðîâàíèÿ: âàø apt êýø. Apt èñïîëüçóåò êàòàëîã
/var/cache/apt/archives äëÿ êýøèðîâàíèÿ. Â ýòîì êàòàëîãå áóäóò ïîìåùàòüñÿ ìíîãî
ïàêåòîâ Debian, è îíè ìîãóò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíû jigdo-lite! Ïîýòîìó, êîãäà âàñ ñïðàøèâàþò îêàòàëîãå ñêàíèðîâàíèÿ, êîíå÷íî óêàæèòå è ýòîò êàòàëîã.
Ïðè ðåäàêòèðîâàíèè ôàéëà ~/.jigdo-lite âðó÷íóþ, óáåäèòåñü, ÷òî êàòàëîãè
ñêàíèðîâàíèÿ ðàçäåëåíû ïðîáåëîì, íàïðèìåð:scanMenu=’/var/cache/apt/archives/ /cdrom/’20

DJ-HOWTO

7.3. jigdo-file-cache.db
Êýø, ñîäåðæàùèé êîíòðîëüíûå md5 ñóììû ôàéëîâ, èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â ìîìåíò, êîãäà âûóêàçûâàåòå êàòàëîã â ïðèãëàøåíèè Files to scan:. Åñëè jigdo-file ñêàíèðóåò òîò æåêàòàëîã âî âòîðîé ðàç, ñêàíèðîâàíèå ïðîõîäèò î÷åíü áûñòðî.
Îí ïîëåçåí â ñëåäóþùåì ñëó÷àå: rev0 îáíîâëÿåòñÿ äî rev1. Ñ rev1 CD îáðàçîâ, íåêîòîðûå
ïàêåòû ìîãóò ïåðåìåñòèòüñÿ ñ CD n íà CD n+1 èëè íàîáîðîò. Åñëè ó âàñ ìåäëåííûé êàíàë
(íàïðèìåð ìîäåìíûé), òî âû èçáåæèòå çàãðóçêè ýòèõ ôàéëîâ çàíîâî. Ïî ýòîé ïðè÷èíå, ïðèçàãðóçêå íîâîé âåðñèè CD n, óêàæèòå jigdo-lite ñêàíèðîâàòü òðè CD n-1, n è n+1 (èëè äàæåâñå 8 CD, åñëè âû õîòèòå áûòü íà 100% óâåðåíû).
Äëÿ îáíîâëåíèÿ êàæäîãî èç 8 îáðàçîâ CD, jigdo-lite íóæíî ñêàíèðîâàòü îäíè è òå æå CDíåñêîëüêî ðàç, íî êýø â ýòîì ñëó÷àå ïðåäîòâðàòèò ìíîãîêðàòíîå ïåðå÷èòûâàíèå âñåõäàííûõ ýòèõ CD.
Êýø íàìíîãî áîëåå âàæåí ïðè ãåíåðàöèè jigdo ôàéëîâ, òàê êàê âàì íàâåðíî íå ïîíðàâèòñÿ,åñëè jigdo-file áóäåò ïåðå÷èòûâàòü âñå 50ÃÁ ñ ñåðâåðà-çåðêàëà Debian äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ êàæäîãî
jigdo ôàéëà.

7.4. Ðåñóðñû
Çäåñü HOWTO ïîäõîäèò ê êîíöó, è ÿ äóìàþ, ÷òî íóæíî äàòü íåñêîëüêî ññûëîê èðåêîìåíäàöèé, ÷òîáû âû óçíàëè áîëüøå îá óòèëèòàõ jigdo è î òîì, êàê îíè ðàáîòàþò.

http://atterer.net/jigdoÝòî äîìàøíÿÿ ñòðàíèöà jigdo. Âû îïðåäåë¼ííî äîëæíû ïîñåòèòü ýòîò ñàéò; ìíîãî
èíôîðìàöèè î ïåðåíîñå íà äðóãèå ïëàòôîðìû, ãðàôè÷åñêèå êëèåíòû è âñ¼ íà çåìëå,èìåþùåå îòíîøåíèå ê jigdo.

http://cdimage.debian.org/~costar/jigdoÑòðàíèöà Debian ïî jigdo-easy (Ðàçä. 7.1>).

http://www.debian.org/CD/jigdo-cd
Îñíîâíàÿ ñòðàíèöà Debian ïî jigdo.

http://packages.debian.org/testing/utils/jigdo-file.html
Îôèöèàëüíàÿ âåá ñòðàíèöà jigdo-file ïàêåòà Debian.

http://lists.debian.org/search.html
Âû ìîæåòå èñïîëüçîâàòü ýòó ñòðàíèöó äëÿ ïîèñêà â àðõèâå ñïèñêà ðàññûëêè debian-cd.

http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/subscribeÑòðàíèöà ïîäïèñêè íà ñïèñîê ðàññûëêè debian-cd.

https://lists.berlios.de/mailman/listinfo/jigdo-userÑòðàíèöà ïîäïèñêè íà îôèöèàëüíûé ñïèñîê ðàññûëêè jigdo.

21