#535

Autonomous Car
Legislation Guide

AUT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Autonomous
Car

Introduction

The footprint of vehicle autonomy within the automotive industry has grown to the point where an increasing
number of legacy automakers and new players are developing, trialing, or implementing new ADAS andautonomous driving systems. At the same time, the global ecosystem for these technologies is developing at
varying rates based on their maturity while OEMs work to raise consumer awareness and gain their trust.

Bird’s Eye View
Executive Summary

However, one of the largest obstacles faced by OEMs navigating this ecosystem is the legal landscape thatsurrounds it. This landscape has been growing in tandem with the development of autonomous vehicles and
ADAS, and encompasses a series of guidelines, regulations, and groups that mutually aim to ensure all
autonomous technologies are safe for road use and that they are developed, tested, and rolled out appropriately.

Analysis
Summary Tables
Next Steps

The Autonomous Car Legislation Guide takes a deep dive into the legal landscape for autonomous technologies toanalyze how and where legislation is impacting vehicle autonomy. It works to identify the threats, implications, andopportunities posed by a number of legislative and regulatory activities and understand how these activities varyby region. As a live resource, the guide is updated quarterly with the latest information and updates from the legal
space for automated vehicle technologies.

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#535/Autonomous Car Legislation Guide

Key questions answered> What new legislativerequirements will be
enforced for ADAS
technologies to improvesafety further?

> What are, and what are
expected to be, the NCAP
requirements?

> What exactly are theregulations in placerequiring?

> How does safety legislationvary by region?

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THE AUTONOMOUS CAR LEGISLATION GUIDEContents
535 Autonomous Car Legislation Guide
Introduction≫

4

Summary Tables ≫33▪ USA – Regulation & Legislation

Bird’s Eye View

6

Executive summary≫

11

The Basics≫

15▪ USA – Guidelines & Best Practices▪ EU – Legislation/Regulation▪ China – Legislation/Regulation▪ China – Guidelines & Best Practices▪ Global – Legislation/Regulation▪ Global – Guidelines & Best Practices▪ Explore

Analysis≫▪ AV regulations in EU/UK

20
Next Steps≫

43

Contact Us≫

47▪ Bharat NCAP
▪ HOT Cars Act (USA)▪ AV legislation (Australia)▪ EU road safety policy▪ AV state-wise legislation (USA)▪ UNECE Regulations on vehicle safety▪ V2X status (various regions)▪ US DOT road safety guidelines▪ AV/ADAS standards▪ Explore

Total number of pages - 47

Introduction

Introduction

Introduction
With more cars being introduced with active safety and ADAS, theautomotive industry is facing regulatory hurdles previously seen inother industries that have progressed along the technology adoption
lifecycle. Government bodies are increasingly taking note of the fast
pace of this industry and the issues (more importantly the impact ofthese issues) that prevail due to such growth.
Key areas include passenger safety, active safety systems, liability,
cybersecurity, technology regulations and access to wirelessspectrum, among others. Legislators and SMEs have started toproactively address these issues in ways that ensure consumer
protection but not at the expense of development. In short, theregulatory groundwork that the government bodies are undertaking
must spur innovation and rapid deployment rather than impede
progress.
The Autonomous Car Legislation Guide provides an inside scoopon the policy activities taking place across the globe. In doing so, it
details the scope of these policies, identifies the variousorganizations responsible, the legal status of bills, and the timelineof activities. It also includes some peripheral legal aspects that may
have a direct or indirect impact on autonomous car development in
the near-foreseeable future.

SectionBird’s Eye View

Executive
Summary

Overview of trends and insights relevant to the legislation
guides seriesThis section highlights some of the recently enforced andintroduced regulations/legislations/guidelines

The Basics

A brief overview of the different type of legal aspects(regulation, legislation, standards etc.) covered in this reportalong with the regions in focus.

Analysis

Key events and activities that are impacting the autonomous
car development

Summary Tables

Summarizing the legislative activities identified in theassociated Excel spreadsheet where some laws are seeing an
increasing level of activities and are nearing enforcement whilesome haven’t seen the light of the day after being introduced
and debated several times.

Next Steps

6

Content

Can SBD help you with any unanswered questions?

Note: This guide only highlights the actual regulatory activities and does notgive any recommendations. This guide's analytical and forward-looking
statements shouldn’t be construed as legal advice.
6

Example slides
from the report

Executive Summary

What? Snapshot of key regulatory activities

Introduced*

Enforced/Published**

GlobalLegislation/Regulations recently introduced
Proposal for establishing a new Task Force on Automated Driving Systems (TF
ADS)
The task force is required to develop a new draft UN Regulation focusing on ADS notcovered by other UN Regulations.

Legislation/Regulations recently enforced

UNECE regulations (150, 157, 158)
New amendments to UNECE Regulation 151, 157 and 158 come into effect from June
2023 (No new enforced laws)

USA

EuropeChina

Regulations on High-Precision Map Management (Hangzhou)
The regulation governs the activities of collecting, storing, transmitting, processing,producing and using high-precision map data for intelligent networked vehicles within
the administrative area of Hangzhou.

Automated Vehicles Bill (UK)The new proposed bill regulates the use of automated vehicles on roads and in otherpublic places and to make other provision in relation to vehicle automation.
Lidar Technology Security (SB 3624 Illinois)
SB 3624 mandates that Illinois state infrastructure must not include LIDAR equipmentfrom specific countries (Similar provision in Missouri state is defined by HB 1416)
HB 7 act in Kentucky
The Bill sets out a framework for the operation of fully autonomous vehicles on public
highways in Kentucky

Regulations on Suzhou Intelligent Vehicle Network Development Promotion
The regulation has been approved by the Standing Committee of the Provincial
People's Congress and is in force since December 1st, 2023

Autonomous Vehicle Approval and Operation Ordinance (Germany)
Germany’s road traffic laws commenced for the use of up to SAE/ISO level 4
autonomous vehicles through the Act with regards to Autonomous Driving

In-vehicle Cameras (SB 296 California)This bill would require a manufacturer of a new motor vehicle that is equipped with
one or more in-vehicle cameras to disclose that fact, as specified.

Sale of Autonomous Vehicles (HB 806)
The enforced act authorizes an autonomous vehicle converter to sell, transfer, lease,offer for sale, or resell a converted autonomous vehicle or a motor vehicle purchasedwith the intent to convert the motor vehicle into a converted autonomous vehicle

8*In some regions (primarily outside the US) the word ‘issued’, and ‘proposed’ are used for the legislation instead of introduced**Standards and Guidelines/Best Practices are often not enforceable by law. They are introduced and reviewed by the subject experts before being published.

8HOT Cars Act (USA)

AnalysisState-level HOT Car policies may come ahead of the federal law
StatusLegislation Overview

Introduced



Draft

Enforced

According to the data collected by KidsandCars.org, at least 8,000 children left alone in hot cars or as a result of gaining access independently into unoccupied
cars between 1990 and 2020. Of those, over 990 children have been killed due to heatstroke and more than 1,200 children were injured. This is the second
most common cause of non–traffic child fatalities from vehicles, the first being accidental back-overs. The US government and safety advocates have pushed fora mandatory active safety system that can determine if a baby has been unknowingly left in a vehicle and will trigger a series of alarms or flashing lights. This
would help prevent the child from dying or being injured due to exposure in an overheated vehicle.

What’s New?

Details
Infrastructure

SB 554 (Florida) is one step closer
to being a law

In 2021, the Biden government signed the Infrastructure
Investment and Jobs Act (H.R. 3684) wherein special provisions
were made for the Hot Cars Act. This includes a mandate to the
US DoT to come with a comprehensive plan to sign Hot Cars Act
into a law (either as a special legislation on its own or part of abroader active safety/ADAS regulation). The deadline for thesame is two years within the signing of IIJA 2021.

Senate Bill 554, also called Ariya’s Act,
would designate April as “Hot Car
Death Prevention Month,” and it
requires the Department of Children
and Families, the Department of
Health, local governments, and otheragencies to sponsor events that
educate the public on HOT Cars
deaths. (Link)

Hot
Cars
Act
withintheInvestment and Jobs Act 2021

According to Janette Fennell, president of Kids and Car Safety,“Anything short of mandating the use of optimal andinexpensive occupant detection and alert technology would
be a travesty and needlessly jeopardizes the lives of millions ofchildren. Without detection and alert systems, children willcontinue to die in hot cars.”
Source: Kids & Car Safety

Key takeaways

9

A lot of carmakers are already providing some sort of rear–seat reminders as part of their safety package. However, most ofthese systems rely on door–based warnings only and do very little to detect and report the presence of rear–occupants. Despite
massive support from the industry and safety advocates, it remains to be seen if the Hot Cars Act is passed as a separate
mandate or incorporated within the SELF-DRIVE Car Act as a provision and how the industry reacts to it.
9Analysis

UNECE Regulations on vehicle safety

UN Regulation on Vulnerable Road Users
Regulation overview

StatusIntroduced

Draft



Enforced

The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) is responsible for the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29). This
working party aims to produce global standards for vehicle regulations. Within the WP29 of UNECE, the working party on safety covers both passive andactive technologies with the aim of ensuring global harmonization of technology standards. Three UN Agreements, adopted in 1958, 1997 and 1998, provide
the legal framework allowing member states attending the WP.29 sessions to establish regulatory instruments related to vehicle safety.

What’s New?

Details
Drivers cannot fully see all areas around passenger cars and light trucks by looking through the windows or in conventional
mirrors specially at very low speeds (~20 km/h). In Japan, for instance, pedestrians account for 35.6% of such fatalities while
the number is more than 50% in Britain.

Two new UN regulations have been adopted recently by UNECE’s World Forum for the Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations(WP.29) to targeting collision avoidance technology for vulnerable road users (pedestrian, cyclists). The new UN regulation aims
to reduce to the greatest possible extent the blind spots at the front and lateral sides of the vehicle that exist in the transitionzone between the area covered by conventional mirrors or by front and lateral view camera systems

UN proposes a new regulation for
the roll-out of additional driverassistance systems
The new regulation builds on UN
Regulation No. 79 adopted in 2018 andcovers a broader range of technologies
to be introduced in new models. The
new regulation aims to allow theapproval of a combination of driving
control assistance features, including
assistance to braking, accelerating, andovertaking. It doesn’t cover fullyautonomous driving. (Link)
Some recently introduced UNECE
regulations:

Source: UNECE

Key takeaways

10

Activities are ongoing within UNECE to modify/replace existing vehicle safety regulations to accommodate autonomous vehicles.
Vehicle manufacturers proposing new models for Type Approval will be required to comply with the UNECE regulations. In
addition, vehicle manufacturers and suppliers are supporting these modifications through lobbying of national governments.

UNECE proposes a task force draft a
UN Regulation focusing on ADAS
not covered by other UN
Regulations. (Link)
UN Regulation 166 related todriver’s awareness to VRUs iseffective since June 2023 (Link)
UNECE proposes a new amendment
in UN Regulation 167 Vulnerable
Road Users Direct Vision. (Link)
10

USA

Summary Tables

USA – Best Practices & Guidelines
Latest activity vs status
About the policy activity placement in the grid

StatusLast quarter
3-12
monthsDrafting

Published

Recent development(s)Nextactivity/milestone

Automated Vehicles in
Rural America

The Automated Driving Systems for Rural America
research is exploring how self-driving cars can improvesafety and transportation options in areas often lacking
public transport.

No recent activities
reported since thepublishing

Preparing for the Future ofTransportation (AV 3.0)

The U.S. transportation system provides significant
benefits in terms of mobility, granting widespread
access to jobs, goods, and services. It also serves toconnect remote regions to the broader national
economy.

No significant updates

USDOT Automated Vehicles
2.0 Activities (AV 2.0)

The Vision for Safety 2.0 envisions a collaborative
effort involving the industry, state and local
governments, safety and mobility advocates, and the
public to chart the course for the implementation of
automated vehicles and technologies.

Entry into force from13.08.2023

ITS America National V2X
Deployment Plan

In August of 2022, the USDOT organized a V2X
Summit with the aim of deliberating on the next steps.
Eager participants advocated for a nationwide
implementation of a V2X system to enhance safety.
The USDOT pledged to formulate a roadmap for the
execution of this comprehensive national deployment.

No significant updates

Older

Last updated

Introduced

Name of the law

Key highlights••

To date, however, most AV testing and development is taking place in cities or and suburbs and fails to examine specific issues that rural populations commonly experience, suchas traveling long distances for routine errands or medical appointments. This is problematic for widespread, equitable, and successful implementation to ensure that AVs and theirbenefits become a reality for all.
Vision for Safety 2.0 aims for a collaborative approach, involving industry, governments, advocates, and the public to guide the implementation of automated vehicles. Building on
previous policies and incorporating feedback, it establishes a foundation for the secure deployment of advanced driver assistance technologies. The guidance is voluntary, emphasizing
11 best practices and prioritizing safety.
11

Europe

Summary Tables

EU – Regulation & Legislation
Latest activity vs status
About the policy activity placement in the grid

Recent development(s)Nextactivity/milestone

UK’s Automated Vehicles
Bill [HL]

The mandate regulates the use of automated vehicles onroads and in other public places and makes otherprovisions in relation to vehicle automation.

Further review of the law isunderway, no timeline formandateRegulation (EU) 2019/2144(European Union)

The regulation establishes requirements for the typeapproval of vehicles, and of systems, components andseparate technical units designed and constructed forvehicles, regarding their general characteristics andsafety, and to the protection and safety of vehicle
occupants and vulnerable road users.

No new changes in GSR
recently (mandate timelines
intact)Name of the law

StatusLast quarter
3-12
monthsDrafting

Enforced

Older

Last updated

Introduced

Key highlights•

Members of UK parliament voted on amendment 28, which would require the Secretary of State to establish a council to advise on the implementation of the legislation and the roll out ofself-driving vehicles within six months of the bill becoming law (but it is under review)

1212

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