2-3 _________________________________________________________The Reception of Western Music in South India around 1800
Takako Inoue
Introduction
Generally speaking, Indian traditional or classical music is said to have been preserved welland the Western impact on the traditional music is less perceptible than in other Asian countries. It
may be partially true due to the guru-sisya (from a master to a disciple) method of transmitting
traditional music has been well preserved. Then the education system of Indian music in academic
institutions was well established during the Nationalist movement under the British Raj and as aresult Indian traditional music is well appreciated today by the mass including young generations.
This perception seems to have been more or less shared by scholars.
Focused on the academic studies on music, Indian music appreciated by Westerners at theearly stage of the British invasion such as Hindustani air, that is Indian melodies collected by
Europeans to be arranged for the accompaniment by Western musical instruments, sometimes withEnglish lyrics, has attracted the scholars’ attention so far (Farrell 1997: 28-44, Woodfiled 2000:
149-154). On the other hand, Western music appreciated by Indians at that time has been rarely
studied.1
In my paper, I will take up the Western music appreciated by Indians in South India around1800 when Hindustani air was flourishing in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in the early colonial period. I
will particularly focus on thecontribution of Serfoji II
Figure 1 Serfoji in procession along with the Tanjore Band,
Tanjore, c.1820 (Archer 1970: Plate 5)(reign:1798-1832),
then
Maratha King of Thanjavur,
who is said to have been the
first
Indiancomposerappropriating Western styles.
He established the Tanjore(Thanjavur) Band, a militaryband attached to his palace andcomposed music for the band
(Figure 1). I will also referother examples of the Western
impact on Indian music of thesameperiodsuch
as1

Though several references (See footnote 5) are available in the studies on the indigenous musical tradition doneby scholars, they are not focused on the same topic.

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Takako Inoue

Nottusvara Sahitya, that can be regarded as a counter-specimen of Hindustani air or Indianreconstruction of Western music, composed by Muttusvami Dikshitar (1775-1835), one of themusical trinity of Carnatic music (South Indian classical music), and the adaptation of violin as a
indispensable instrument for Carnatic music today.
1. Historical Background: Serfoji II and Christian missionaries
Thanjavur (Figure 2) is a famous city Figure 2 Map of South India
where literature, art and architecture havebeen flourishing since the Chola period2,
particularly after the construction of the
Brhadisvara (Siva) Temple (also called the
Big Temple) in the early 11th century. Suchcultural activities and personalities were
patronized by Maratha rulers after the mid
17th century when the Nayakas’ (local rulers
after the Vijayanagara Empire) rulecollapsed. First I will describe the brief
biographical sketch of Serfoji II, one of theMaratha rulers, who is the most important
personality of my paper.
The Maratha rule of Thanjavur started
in 1675 and ended in 1855 when British took over the territory (Figure 3). The reign of Tulaja II(reign: 1763-1787) was a crucial time of the transformation from the native rule to the British Raj.
He was responsible for the political weakening of Thanjavur. In his surrender to the Nawab ofCarnatic and the East India Company, he had to pay a regular tribute to the former and Rs. 400,000
to the Company for his safety. He had no issue and adopted Serfoji from a collateral branch. On
Tulaja’s death in 1787, Amarasimha, a son of a concubine of Pratapsimha (reign: 1739-1763)
ascended the throne as Regent to Serfoji. As he was forced into a treaty with the British to pay
tribute and the Company started to take over its own land, he developed apathy towards theauthoritarianism of the British. Consequently he lost his throne in 1798 and Serfoji II ascended thethrone. He had to give up the administration of Thanjavur to the British in return for an annual
pension and one-fifth of the net revenue though he was permitted to retain his throne. It caused
him to devote his life to the pursuit of cultural activities more and more. As a result Thanjavur
became famous for its learning.
Serfoji II had a close friendship with Christian missionaries who introduced him to Westernlearning and culture that made him grow his knowledge of Western music. Friedrich Schwartz

2

The origin of this ancient kingdom is unknown but its name was mentioned in some records of the 3rd century
B.C.

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The Reception of Western Music in South India around 1800

Figure 3 Geneology of Thanjavur Marathas (Bosale 1999)(1726-1798), a German Protestant missionary was the most important personality among them.
Having learnt Tamil to assist in a translation of the Bible, Schwartz decided to be a missionary to
India. He arrived in India in 1750 and made a friendship with Tulaja II in 1769. Shortly before his
death Tulaja II committed to Schwartz the education of his adopted son and successor (Figure 4).
Schwartz taught the prince Serfoji along with another pupil Vedanayakam Sastiriyar (1774-1864),
a Tamil Christian. Vedanayakam was a proficient poet / lyricist who left over 500 lyrics and 133
books. They were composed for the congregational singing of Tamil Christians though they were
set to Carnatic ragas and talas. His
works were rather simple than those Figure 4 From left: Tulaja II, Serfoji II, Schwartz (A copyof his contemporary saint-singers kept in the Palace)such as Tyagaraja and Muttuswami
Dikshitar. Having worked in thevillages around Thanjavur as a
mission school teacher for some time,
he was appointed as an official court
poet in the Palace.3
After the demise of Schwartz in
1798, Serfoji II erected a monument
in marble in the chapel at Thanjavur.
Another missionary cum scholar,
Wilhelm Gericke (1742-1803) also
3

I wrote a brief introduction of Vedanayakam Sastiriyar as a part of the topic on Christian contribution to Carnatic
music (井上 2006: 109-114). His most famous work is Bethlehem Kuravanji which is based on the indigenousmusical-dramatic Tamil genre (Peterson 2002, 2003).

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Takako Inouegave the education to Serfoji II. Some scholars said that his appreciation of Western music wasmainly led by Gericke since Schwartz did not write anything about music in his letters to Serfoji II(Iyer 1944: 35-36). In spite of his close attachment to missionaries, Serfoji II avoided conversion
to Christianity (Subramanian 1928: 87). Instead he went on a pilgrimage to Kasi (Varanasi, one of
the famous Hindu sacred places) and renovated the Brhadiswara Temple at Thanjavur.
Serfoji II's love of learning led him to enrich the Sarasvati Mahal Library, then the Palace
Library. He evinced keen interest in the development of the library by purchasing around 4000
books from abroad at his own cost and sending many Pandits to collect huge number of books andmanuscripts, which are now preserved in the library. His library included treatises on the whole
range of fields such as Vedanta, grammar, music, dance and drama, architecture, astronomy,
medicine, training of elephants and horses, etc.
Serfoji II set up the first Devanagari printing press in South India, using stone letters. He hada small museum of old coins. His Durbar hall was decorated with oil paintings of Maratha rulers ofThanjavur besides other prints and paintings in the library. His unique architectural contribution isan eight-storied tower Manora at Saluvanayaka Pattinam to commemorate the victory of British
over Napolean in the Battle of Leipzig in the year 1813. Physicians of Allopathy, Ayurveda, Unaniand Siddha researched their systems of medicine at the Dhanavantri Mahal. Serfoji II patronizedmusic, dance, and the fine arts and improved the Sangita Mahal, a music hall in good acoustics. He
constructed several choultries and initiated poor-feeding.
Shivaji II (reign: 1833-1855) was the only surviving son of Serfoji II. He continued topatronize poets, musicians, dancers, and scholars. He also showed keen interest in the upkeep anddevelopments of the Sarasvati Mahal Library. He had two daughters and no son on his death in
1855. Lord Dalhousie’s law on the lapse of inheritance came into force and the Maratha rule of
Thanjavur came to an end.
2. Serfoji II’s appreciation of Western Music
Serfoji II is famous for his cultural activities in music, painting, science and else. He
patronized both Hindustani music (North Indian classical music) and Western music apart from
Carnatic music. Many foreign musicians and dancers gave their performances at the Thanjavur
Palace and the Sangita Mahal. Their names are found in Modi documents (Marathi administrative
documents written in Modi scripts)4 as follows:4
In 1935, the Modi documents of Thanjavur Marathas were classified into 3 groups according to their subject andwere preserved in different places as follows:
A. Foreign correspondences preserved in the Tamilnudu Archives.
B. District information preserved in the Thanjavur Collector’s office (400 bundles).
C. Palace information preserved in the Sarasvati Mahal Library (800 bundles).
Among them, the category C has been preserved till now though they were asked to be destroyed. About 10 years
ago, the category A was shifted to the Tamil University, and B + C were shifted to the Sarasvati Mahal Library. The
total number of Modi documents preserved in the Sarasvati Mahal Library now is 1200 bundles. Among them, only
32 bundles were translated into Tamil and published so far. Most of the documents belong to the period from 1739
to 1900.

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The Reception of Western Music in South India around 1800

James Yatto (fiddle): April 5th 1803
Davis Smith (trumpet): Dec. 2nd 1828
Catherine Henesee (dance): Jan. 8th 1828
Elizabeth Mascarine (dance): April 9th 1829
Joseph White (flute) and his wife (dance): Dec. 16th 1830
Issak Johnson (fiddle): March 27th 1841
Manuel Jeprayi (fiddle) and his wife (dance): March 27th 1841

Foreign travelers visited the Thanjavur Palace and left their travelogues including impressions on
Serfoji II and his cultural activities. For example, Lord Valentia5 who visited Thanjavur on 29th
January 1804 wrote about his impression with reference to music as follows:“Hung up against the wall were several native musical instruments, somewhat resembling a guitar,richly ornamented with diamonds and pearls. The Rajah made one of his people play several tunes, andamongst others, God save the King, and Malbrook. In one corner was an English pedal harp, hisfavourite instrument; but as it is beneath his dignity to be supposed to understand music, I could not
request him to play. He however composes tunes, and is training an English band, having sent to Europe
for instruments.” (Valentia 1994 [1811]: 312-313)

There are records with reference to Western music in Modi documents listed as follows (notcompleted):
1770: Mr. Anthony, a European to learn music for Rs.5.
1801: Purchase of European instruments and strings.
1803: Purchase of European instruments from Madras and the expenditure incurred thereof.
1807: The expenditure incurred for purchasing instruments and books on Western music from Mr.
Hebber was 64 varahas. Purchase of wind instruments for 55 varahas.
1822: Through Silvestre De Costa, a harp instrument was purchased for which he was given 200 puli
varahas. Agnis Bruce, a European Irish pipe player’s salary for Rs.45.
1823: Violin strings were placed by Rupert, a European.
1830: Purchased from Abraham Pillai, English books on English music for Rs. 99-8-0. Purchase of 2
trumpets.
1831: Purchased books on English music and science from traders of Tiruchirapalli.
1841: Purchase of fiddle strings.
1842: Queen and the women in the royal harem were entertained with music & dance performances intheir chambers. The list of western and Indian musical instruments lent to accompany Western and
Hindustani dances performed in the establishment Krishna Vila’s of Queen Saidambaboi Saheb. The
musical instruments used were – svarabat: 2, sarangi: 3, violin: 1, sitar: 2, Bourbon French guitar: 1,
5
George Viscount Valentia (1770-1844, 2nd Earl of Mountnorris), a British peer and politician who started
traveling to India via the Cape in 1802 and return in 1806.

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Takako Inoue

dalcimer: 1, bass violin: 1, vina: 3, clarinet: 3, French guitar: 1.

The references are available in English letters written by the King, residents and collectors as
follows (not completed):
1799: Acquisition of Western musical instruments and notebooks from England and other place by theKing of Tanjore.
1802 -1803: The letters from Silvestre De Costa addressed to Serfoji II contains a few Western tunes forthe practice, reference of the capital organ with three pedals costing 1000 pagodas, a new composition
and fresh lessons composed by him for the King, availability of four clarinets, Serfoji II wanted to takelessons in Western music from Mr. Martensen.
1803: French horn, bassoon and other instruments arrived at the port near the Palace.
1804: Serfoji II received a German flute from London sent by Mr. Torin, and requested to send Silvestre
De Costa for tuning the instruments.
1817: The Brahmin tuner of Raja’s piano forte was requisitioned by the European ladies.
1830: The Governor in Calcutta sent two trumpet players to Thanjavur.

Apart from above records, copies of notebooks contain songs in staff notation and theory
explained by Thomas Chapman.
The Tanjore band (Figure 5), a military band established by Serfoji II had 42 members
including Irish pipe, harp, violin, piano, clarinet, flute, French horn, trumpet and else apart from
Indian instruments. Serfoji II also replaced English names of the musical instruments used in his
military band into Sanskrit and Marathi equivalent words as follows:
Trumpet Bugle → Kartiki, Kettle Drum → Birudu Dundubhi,
Hangaai → Thallaki, Triangle → Aya (iron kinkini),
Clarinet → Manjula Sarkva, Instrument like gun → Kahana,
Trombone (Whirling Horn) → Surpakahala, Flat Drum with bells → Chandrika,
Flute → Bama, Big Drum → Dundubhi Danka (Figure 6, 7, 8)(Bhosale 1999: 111)

6

On the request of the Governor of Madras, Serfoji II sent musicians of the Tanjore Band, amongwhom a vina player Varahappayyar (Varahappa Dikshitar, 1795-1869), the minister of theThanjavur Palace who took a main lead of the whole orchestra. He was a highly placed official
well-versed in English who had an in-depth knowledge of music, learning Western music on theviolin and the piano from English residents in Thanjavur. He was appointed as the superintendentof all palace musicians in Carnatic, Hindustani and Western style. He also helped the King to
6

Other names are given in the different page of the same book as follows:
Trumpet → Karkir, Thuruthuri, Big drum → Bridu Dundubhi, Horn → Sringa, Clarinet → Manjula Sura.
(Bhosale 1999: 81) The book was written by the late King Tulajendra, a discendent of the Thanjavur Marathas.

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The Reception of Western Music in South India around 1800

Figure 5 Military costumes of the Thanjavur
Marathas (Krishna 1994)

Figure 7 Whirling Horn (Surpakahala)
Preserved in the Palace Museum

Figure 6 Kettledrum (Birudu Dundubhi)
Preserved in the Palace Museum

Figure 8 Clarinet (Manjula Sarkva) and Whirling
Horn (Surpakahala) Preserved in the Palace Museum

supervise the Sarasvati Mahal Library preparing the catalogue of the library collection.
Thus Modi documents, English lettersand other materials give a lot of information
how Western music was appreciated andpatronized by Serfoji II along with traditional Indian music.7
Serfoji II purchased music books as well as Western musical instruments through European
residents. These music books were published from various music shops in London. The total
number of works included in his collection of music books preserved in the Sarasvati Mahal
Library is 306 in 40 bundles. They are mainly sheet music or published scores, a few theoreticalbooks, and so on written by the contemporary European composers of Serfoji II. Almost half of thecollection is songs (147 out of 306) and the second is compositions for the piano (37). Roughly
speaking, frequent appearing musical instruments are the piano, the violin, and the flute. Some
compositions for the piano have the reference that it can be played either the piano or theharpsichord and some for the violin have the reference that it can be played either the violin or theflute. The frequent appearing composers are Mr. Dibdin (13), Luigi Gianella (12), W. Reeve (10),7Since the Modi documents have been published only 32 bundles out of 1200 bundles, the reference would be
more if we could go through all documents. The information here is collected from several references as follows:
Iyer 1944: 127-136, Radhika 1996: 63-64, 87-99, Seetha 1981: 111-112, Veńkaţarāmaiyā 1984: 232-233.

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Takako Inoue

Joseph Haydn (10), and I. Braham (7). 8
Mr. Dibdin might be Charles Dibdin (1745-1814), a British musician, dramatist, novelist,
actor, and songwriter. He is famous for his patriotic sea-songs which described the loyalty andmanly courage of the British sailor. His songs raised the national spirit and were officiallyappropriated by the British Navy. Actually he had an Indian connection. His eldest brother CaptainThomas Dibdin (1726-1780), a sailor who had a post in Calcutta, invited him to visit India but hecould not. Thomas Dibdin died in Calcutta and Charles composed a well-known song “TomBowling” for his memory of the demise of his eldest brother. He also opened a music shop andpublished his compositions.
Luigi Gianella (1778-1817) was an Italian composer cum flutist who made his career mainly
in Paris. He is famous for his Flute Quartette.
W. Reeve might be William Reeve (1757-1815), an English theatre composer cum organist.
He also occasionally worked as an actor. His compositions are known for his easy listening comic
songs in the popular Scottish style and scores based on ballads and folksongs. He served as aco-proprietor, director of music, and shareholder of Sadler’s Welles Aquatic Theatre where he set
about 80 librettos including the scores written by Charles Dibdin, another co-proprietor.
Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) was one of the most prolific and prominent composers in thosedays (Figure 9). He made a large success in his visits in London which made him one of the mostpopular composers in England. Woodfield mentions that Haydn might have heard about thesuccess of his music in Calcutta and his music was regularly imported into India and his
symphonies were performed in public concerts held there (Woodfiled 2000: 220).
I. Braham might be John
Figure 9 Trois Sonates by Joseph Haydn Preserved in the
Braham (1774-1856), an English
Sarasvati Mahal Librarytenor cum composer. Among the
Serfoji II’s collection of sheet music,
his name frequently appears on songs
included in the comic opera ‘The
Cabinet’ written by Thomas Dibdin,
an elder brother of Charles Dibdin.
Braham wrote the music of his own
part of this opera, and by then hestarted to collaborate with various
composers.9
The Serfoji II’s collection shows
us that the music popular among
8

See Appendix 1 - 6. Appendix 1 is the complete list of Serfoji II’s collection of music books. Appendix 2 shows anumber of works included in each bundle. Appendix 3 shows musical genres according to the instrument used foreach works. Appendix 4 shows frequent appearing composers. Appendix 5 shows musical instruments used in theseworks. Appendix 6 shows publishers of music books.
9
I greatly owe the information of composers appearing in the Serfoji II’s collection of music books to Prof. Shigeru
Ohsaki, a musicologist.

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The Reception of Western Music in South India around 1800

British residents, administrators, soldiers, and missionaries in Thanjavur was songs written by theircontemporaries but not the great composers appearing in the conventional history of Westernclassical music written by musicologists today except Haydn. In fact, the collection included only
two compositions by Beethoven and one by Mozart. It suggests that Serfoji II did not share thesame perception of Western classical music with us while he obtained the knowledge of popular
English composers of his time.
3. Compositions for the Tanjore Band by Serfoji II
Serfoji II ranks as the first Indian composer in the style of Western music. His two notebooks
which include his compositions written in staff notation are preserved in the Sarasvati Mahal
Library. One is the unpublished notebook dated 1803. All the 20 titles included in this notebook
are supposed to have been composed by Serfoji II since his name was written with their titles.
Indian Sargam notation in Devanagri scripts were written under staff notation (Figure 10). Theirtitles are:No.1 New ??? Composed by ??? Slow March ??? at 22 ??? of 1803
No.2 New Quick Step Composed by His Highness of Serfojee Maha Rajah at 25th of August 1803
No.3 Grandeur March,
No.4 Quick Step,
No 5 Slow March to His Highness of Serfojee
Maha Rajah,
No.6 Quick March to His Highness of Serfojee

Figure 10 Quick March to His Highness
Serfojee Maha Rajah in his notebook dated 1803
(Sargam Notation in Devanagri below the Staff
Notation)

Maha Rajah,
No.7 Slow March to His Highness of Serfojee
Maha Rajah,
No.8 Quick March to His Highness of Serfojee
Maha Rajah,
No.9 Slow March to His Highness of Serfojee
Maha Rajah,
No.10 Quick March to His Highness of Serfojee
Maha Rajah,
No.11 & No.12 are missing,
No.13, No.15, No.17, No.19: Slow March
No.14, No.16, No.18, No.20: Quick March(Rajah Serfoji’s Compositions of Military March: With Notation for Band Music.
Unpublished Manuscript. E1658a)

Most of the compositions are either slow marches or quick marches with simple melodies set tothe major scale. The melody lines without any orchestration were written in them. It is not- 77 -

Takako Inoue

mentioned which musical instruments should be used for these compositions.
Another notebook is published in a form of the photographic reproduction from the original
manuscript. The first page of this notebook gives the date 1828. The total number of compositions
included in this notebook is supposed to be 54. Because of several missing pages, 51 titles can berecognized as follows:
Slow March: 14, Quick Step: 14, Dead March: 3, Grand Parade March: 3,
Slow March 4th Dragoon Guards: 2, Quick Step Turkish Music: 2,
Allegro T. Floute A, Slow March George the 4th, Quick Step Ennis Fancy,
Turkish Quick Step, Swiss Dead March, Grand Slow March,
God Preserve the Emperor (composed by Franz Joseph Haydn), Operas,
Quick March, Grand March, Turkish Pas Resemble, The Nightingale,
Slow March Composed by His Highness the Maha Rajah of Tanjore.

One of them can be clearly recognized to be composed by Serfoji II since his name was writtenwith the title (Figure 11). The staff notations were written for the flute, the oboe or the piccolo
whose melodies were set to the major scale (equivalent to the raga Sankarabharanam of Carnatic
music) but in different keys. It shows that the Tanjore Band mainly played simple military music.
Apart from the notebooks owned by Serfoji II, there are other music manuscripts of 10
bundles preserved in the Sarasvati Mahal Library.10 They are not composed by Serfoji II but
handwritten copies of existing works as follows:
MS No.1: Total 122 works for a military band in full score.
MS No.2: (damaged manuscript)
More than 100 works for a militaryband in full score.
MS No.3: Exercises for beginners on the harp.

Figure 11 Slow March Composed by His
Highness the Maha Rajah of Tanjore in his
notebook dated 1828 (Staff notation only)

20 works for the main melody part ofa military band.
MS No.4: 7 works for the Flute Primo
8 Slow Marches for the Flute Primo
20 works for the flute part of amilitary band.
MS No.5: 14 works in various genres.
MS No.6: 2 works in different genres.
MS No.7: 4 Slow Marches and 2 Quick Marches.
MS No.8: 65 works for the main melody part of10
Unfortunately a numbers of manuscripts in this series of bundles are damaged and I could not make out thedetailed information of these works.

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The Reception of Western Music in South India around 1800

a military band.
MS No.9: 15 works for the main melody part of a military band.
MS No.10: 2 works in different genres.

The works for his military band in full score are included in Bundle No. 1 and 2. Each bundle has
more than 100 titles. Most of the military music consisted of various wind instruments: Trumpet inF, Horn, Flute 1, Flute 2, Clarinet 1 in B, Clarinet 2, Bassoon, Trombone, and Serpent. The
frequently appearing composers included in these manuscripts are H. Walsh and C. Hayes, the latemaster of the band 41st Regt. The information of these composers is hardly available.
The most well-known composer among those who appear in these manuscripts is Giachino
Rossini (1792-1868), an Italian composer who wrote 39 operas along with the other music genres.
Some songs from his operas such as Il barbiere di Siviglia, La donna del lago and else werearranged for a military band. Rossini visited England in 1823 and welcomed by the English
audience including George IV.
Thus the Tanjore Band had a large repertoire popular in England around 1800. It suggests thata quite a few of trained musicians were available at the Thanjavur Palace.
4. Muttuswami Dikshitar’s Nottusvara Sahitya and the after
Nottusvara Sahitya (nottu means note and sahitya means lyric) of Muttuswami Dikshitar is atypical specimen suggesting the Indian perception of Western music in the early British period.
Nottusvara Sahitya can be regarded as a correspondence to the counter-specimen of Hindustani Air
as it is a kind of compositions in Sanskrit lyrics which praise Hindu deities, set to the existing
Western melodies which Muttuswami learned through listening to music played by the Governor’s
Band in Madras. On the other hand, Hindustani air is a kind of compositions based on the existing
Indianmelodies
andFigure 12 “God Save the King (Santatam pāhi mām)” in Nottu Svara
arranged in the Western
Sahityas of Muttuswami Dikshitar (Sargam Notation in Tamil by P.
style.
Ramachandran 1977)
Nottusvara Sahityawith lyrics in Sanskrit andnotations in Tamil was
publishedin1977.
Accordingtothispublished version, there
are 39 songs including the
British National Anthem‘God Save the King’(‘Santatam pāhi mām’)(Figure 12). Well-known
songs are ‘Śakti sahita- 79 -

Takako Inoue

Figure 13 “Śakti sahita ganapatim” in Oriental Music in European
Notation (Staff notation by A. M. Chinnaswami Mudaliyar 1892)

ganapatim’ (Figure 13),‘Śyāmale mīnāksī’, and‘Vande mīnāksī’ oftensung by children or
beginners even today.
All the melodies of
Nottusvara Sahitya are
set
to
the
raga
Sankarabharanamequivalent to the major
scale of Western music
and their talas used areeither in Tisram (3 beats) or in Chatrasram (4 beats).
The most famous song adopting Western style in Carnatic music is ‘English Note’ (G mm rg
P R G S in Tisram) composed by Harikeshanallur Muthiah Bhagavathar (1877-1945) famous forcreating new ragas (Figure 14). ‘English Note’ was popularized by Madurai Mani Iyer
(1912-1968), his well-known disciple famous for the unique virtuoso singing. This song is still
enjoyed as one of the closing pieces at concert stages.
Figure 14 “ Harikeshanallur Muthiah
Though ‘English Note’ has a rather complicatedBhagavatar (1877-1945), a composer ofstructure than Nottusvara Sahitya, both melodies are“English Note”
dominated by the Western major scale and 3 beats. As
we can also find in Serfoji II’s compositions for his
military band, the music set to the major scale andsimple beats can be regarded as an Indian’s typicalunderstanding of Western music. This perception had
been unchanged for one hundred years from the Serfoji
II’s period. This fact reflects the common saying among
Indians, “There are only two ragas, the major and theminor, in Western music while there are thousands ofragas in Indian music.”
5. Who adapted the violin?
Today the violin is one of the indispensable instruments of Carnatic music. It is said to havebeen first adapted around 1800 mainly through four personalities, namely Balaswami Dikshitar(1786-1859), Varahappayyar, Vadivelu (1810-1845), and Krishna Bhagavatar (1824-18??). 11
11

Weidman mentions three popular versions of stories of the violin’s entry into Carnatic music, Balaswami,
Vadivelu and Varahappayyar (Wiedman 2006: 29-33). Though she wrote that Vadivelu studied Western violin with
Schwartz, it is not possible for him to study with Schwartz as he was born in 1810 while Schwartz passed away in
1798.

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Among them, Varahappayyar and Vadivelu were attached to the Thanjavur Palace.
Balaswami was a younger brother of Muthuswami Dikshitar, a composer of Nottusvara
Sahitya. The Dikshitar family once lived at Manali near Madras and Manali Muthukrishna
Mudaliar working for the British Governor patronized the family. It was Mudaliar who introduced
Balaswami to Western music at the performance of the European Band attached to the East India
Company. Balaswami learned to play the Western violin for three years. Then he began trying toplay Carnatic music on the violin.
Varahappayyar was a vina player attached to the Thanjavur Palace, who worked as thesuperintendent of Palace musicians. On his visit to the British Governor's residence in Madras, he
had an occasion to see various Western musical instruments in the collection. His close friendshipwith the Governor enabled him to try them out. Though he was initially struck at the range of the
piano spanning 7 octaves, he realized that it was the violin that was eminently adaptable to Indianmusic. With a short period of practice, he made progress in his violin playing that the Governor
gifted it to him. Then he became proficient enough to provide accompaniment to vocal music.
Vadivelu was the youngest of the Tanjor Quartette attached to the Brihadiswara temple andthe Thanjavur Palace, who was also a
disciple of Muthuswami Dikshitar and Figure 15 Dancing girls in Thanjavur 19 c. (Nevile 1996)
Top: from left, violin, nattuvangam, dancer, mridangam, andfamous for his dance compositions.
bagpipe
Vadivelu might have got a practical
Bottom: from left, mridangam, sarangi, two dancers, andnattuvangam
knowledge of Western music and theviolin playing through Serfoji and
Varahappayyar. As he left Thanjavur due
to the disagreement over the temple rightwith Serfoji, he got a new post in the
Travancore
Palace.
Swati
Tirunal(1813-1847),
thecomposer-kingencouraged Vadivelu to take up playing
the violin. He presented an ivory violin to
Vadivelu in 1834. Vadivelu is creditedwith introducing short passages on theviolin for dance performances.
Krishnaswami Bhagavatar was a sonof Walajapet Venkataramana Bhagavatar(1781-1874). Both father and son were
chief disciples of Tyagaraja. Believed tobe highly proficient, Krishnaswami is said
to have had the honour of providing violin
accompaniment to Tyagaraja at his daily
Bhajana singing (Hindu congregational
singing). Krishnaswami himself used to- 81 -

Takako Inouesing along as he played like vina players of his time.
The violin got rapid popularity from the beginning of its introduction to Indian musicians. It
reflects the possibility and flexibility of the violin as a musical instruments whose sound quality
was regarded not to be spoiled if the instrument was separated from its musical style. The reason
why Indian musicians immediately realized the violin to be adaptable to their own music is that thesimilar instrument such as the sarangi had been used for the vocal accompaniment before (Figure15). After all, the violin is merely a high potential instrument applicable to any type of music,
different from the piano whose keys are tuned in fixed pitches.
Concluding remarks
What is the implication of Serfoji II’s positive approach to Western music? Why did he show
his keen interest in Western culture and learning? Serfoji II lived in the transitional period from thenative rule to the British Raj. He lost his political power as his throne could be retained only withthe permission given by the Governor of Madras. On the other hand, most Europeans who visitedThanjavur Palace paid their homage to Serfoji II and admired his knowledge and learning, that isproved from several accounts on him written by those foreign visitors and residents. Instead,
Serfoji II seems to have acted as a good friend of the British. We should, however, not forget that
Serfoji II was a generous patron of both native and Western culture as his ancestral rulers were. He
did not convert to Christianity but remained to be a staunch Hindu. How should we interpret his
ambiguous attitude between the native and the British?
It was in the period of Serofji II that the officially institutionalized Orientalism of the Asiatic
Society of Bengal was set up by William Jones (1746-94) at Calcutta. Serfoji II’s attitude can betaken as neither a simple kind of reaction or answer to the colonial discourse nor a kind ofnegotiation with the colonial policy “divide and rule”. Rather, it is a process that the native
constructs the British as the exotic “Other” during the period of first colonial encounter. Serfoji II
tried to obtain Western knowledge similar to Orientalists’ pursuit of indigenous knowledge. Bothnative and colonial ways of practice in those days were empirical and experimental as depending
on indigenous or imported texts and on native or colonial informants as the “Other”.12
Serfoji II did not share the same works of the great composers in the conventional history ofWestern music but he shared the rather popular works of those days in England. As the informants
existing around him were British officials, residents, missionaries, and the Governor’s band,
Serfoji II got more familiar with military band music. That is why he himself organized andinstructed the military band attached to his Palace and made the band play conventional British
military music and his compositions. I also said that Nottusvara Sahitya was a counterpart ofHindustani Air which was a Western reconstruction of Indian music as it can be regarded as an
Indian reconstruction of Western music. Meantime, the violin had been totally indigenized by its

12

The critical interpretation on orientalism by Breckenridge and Veer is useful for understanding from thetheoretical point of view (Breckenridge and Veer 1993: 1-19).

- 82 -

The Reception of Western Music in South India around 1800

tuning, playing techniques and the way of holding it. It is also important to point out that Western
major scale and simple beats (3 or 4 beats) was a typical Indian understanding of Western music
which might cause to strengthen the Indian perception of complexity of their indigenous music.

References
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Kirijā, 2006).
Archer, Mildred. Company Drawings in the India Office Library (London: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office,1972).
Aiyar, T. L. Venkatarama. Muthuswami Dikshitar (New Delhi: National Book Trust, India, 1968).
Baierlein, E. R. The Land of the Tamilians and It’s Missions. (Tr. from the German by J. D. B. Gribble, New
Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1995 [1875]).
Bhosale, Tulajendra Rajah P. Rajah Serfoji - II (With a Short History of Thanjavur Mahrattas) (Thanjavur:
Author, 2nd edition, 1999 [1995]).
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Chattrapathy, S. Babaji Rajah Bhonsle, n.d. Raja Serfoji II (Thanjavur: Author).
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Thanjavur: Tamilp Palkalaik Kalakam, 1989).
Farrell, Gerry. Indian Music and the West (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997).
Hickey, William. The Tanjore Mahratta Principality in Southern India, The Land of the Chola, The Eden of
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Irācamānikkam, Ñā. Vikţar, and Ma. Cā. Arivuţainampi, eds. Tañcai Vētanāyaka Cāttiriyār Āyvuppaņuval
(Thanjavur: Cañkai Cai. Nōvā Cāttiriyār, 2003).
Irācu, Ce. ed. Tañjai Marāţţiyar Ceppēţukaļ-50 (Thanjavur: Tamilp Palkalaik Kalakam, 1983)―― Tañjai Marāţţiyar Kalveţţukkaļ (Thanjavur: Tamilp Palkalaik Kalakam, 1987).
Iyer, C. S. “Raja Serfojee of Tanjore and Music.” The Journal of the Music Academy Madras, Vol.15 (1944),
pp.127-136.
Jayaraman, R. Sarasvati Mahal: A Short History and Guide (Thanjavur: T. M. S. S. M. Library, 1981)
Krishna, Nanditha. Painted Manuscripts of the Sarasvati Mahal Library (Thanjavur: T. M. S. S. M.
Library,1994).
Melodies in Staff Notation Played by the Band of H. H. Maharaja Sarfojee of Tanjore (1798-1832). Foreword
by P. Sambanoorthy (Tirupati: Tirumala - Tirupati Devasthanam, 1961).
Mudaliyar, A. M. C. Oriental Music in Europeon Notation. Gowri Kuppuswamy and M. Hari Haran, eds.
(New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 1982 [1892-4]).
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Appendix 1

The Complete List of Serfoji II's Collection of Music Books

MU.

Title

MusicalNo.
1Composer

Lyricist

Publisher

City

Instrument
The captive songsters complaint & ｒelease. A characteristic piece for P.(F.&V.)

Ph:J.Meyer.Jun

R.Birchall

Londonthe Piano Forte with an accompaniment for Flute or Violin.
1

Sensibility how charming. A favorite Scotch Air, arranged as a Glee Vo.(P.)

J.WelshMonzani & Co.Music London

for four voices with a Piano Forte accompaniment and dedicated tosellers to H.R.H. theMrs.Heseltine.
1

Prince of Wales

Al tuo piant Rond sung by Sig Rosselli at the Kings theatre Hay Vo.

Sig Rosselli

Corri Dussek & Co.

Edinburgh

D.Steibelt

R.Birchall

LondonThomas Carter

Thomas Johns

LondonThomas Carter

Thomas Johns

Londonmarket, in the opera of La Vendetta Di Nino
1

The villagers dance from the ballet of La Belle Laitiere composed and P.
arranged for the Piano Forte.

1

The celeberated song “When Henry monarch my heart” And Rond Vo.
“Tell me fluttring bosom tell me” sung with universal applaud by
Mrs.Cooke.

1

The favorite ballad If tender looks and beautious smiles. And Rond Vo.
“Say Louifa can you leave me” sung by Master Gray, at Vauxhall
gardens1

Now is the Merry month of May.

A trio and chorus with and P.

SirJohn H.B.C.Esg.

accompaniment for two performers on one Piano Forte taken from theStevenson Mus

ode addressed to their grances the Duke and Duchels of Bedford, onDoc.

W・Power & Cos.Music Dublin
and Musical Instrument

their arrival in Ireland & performed on their grances at the Rotunda
concerts with the gratest applause.
1

Ah what is wealth dedicated by him and to Miss Mary MorganVo.

An amateur

1

The owl is out. The Glee for three voices.

Vo.

M.P.King

1

If I could guess your heart was flown Being the answer to “Never 'till Vo.

G.G.Ferrari

Ｉ felt loves dart”.
1

1

An amateur

Mrs.

W. Turnbull

LondonRich R.Birchall

LondonChichelay Prowoen

And will he come not again. A Glee for three voices with an Vo.(P.&Ha.） Sir

W・Power & Cos.Music Dublin

accompaniment for the piano forte on harp composed and dedicated to

L.A.Stevenson

and Musical Instrument

M.J.Williams

Mus. Doc

Sweet lady look not thus again. A ballad with an accomnpaniment for Vo.(P.)

Sir John Stevenson Thomas M.Esq.

W・Power & Cos.Music Dublin

the Piano Forte.

Mus Doc.

and Musical Instrument- 84 -

The Reception of Western Music in South India around 1800

MU.

Title

No.
1

MusicalComposer

Lyricist

Publisher

City

Instrument
Strike the lyre of joy. A Glee for three voices composed & most Vo.

M.P.King

W. Turnbull

Londonrespectfully inscribed to the right honorable Lord Viscount Dudley
Ward.
1

The maid of the western isle. Composed & sung by Mr. Spray at his Vo.

Mr. Spray

H.B.C.Esg.

rooms Rutland Square.
1

and Musical Instrument

Thysis when he left me. A fragment from Lay,Set as a Glee for three Vo.

M.Clifton

W・Power & Cos.Music Dublin

voices inscribed to his friend Sir J. Stevenson.
2

W・Power & Cos.Music Dublin

and Musical Instrument

Three Sonatas for the Piano Forte or Harpsichord,with an P.(F.&Cel.)

M.Clementi

Longman & Broderip

LondonThree Sonatas for the grand & small Piano Forte in which are P.(F.&Cel.)

Adalbert

Longman & Broderip

Londonintroduced for the subject of the Adagjo's wind gentle evergreen my

Gyrowetz
Longman & Broderip

LondonR.Birchall

LondonCorri Dussek & Co.

Edinburgh

T.LatourR.Birchall

LondonMuzio Clementi

Longman & Broderip

LondonP.K.Moran

W・Power & Cos.Music Dublin

accompaniments for a Flute & Violoncello dedicated to Miss Meysey
2native placewith an accompaniments for a Flute & Violoncello2

Trois Sonates for the Piano forte avec accompanement de violon & P.(V.&Cel.)

Josephviloncello composes and dedecates to Madame Schrecter

Mus.Doc

3

Se Tu M'ami O Mia Regina (Andante)F.

3

Resta E Mi Sia Partendo (Allegro)F.

3

Wenn mir dein Auge strahlet. Un transport que L'ignareF.

3

O dankel der machtigen Sonne. Chantens alibrens les greurF.

4

A parody in form of a Sonata for the piano forte. This sonata is P.

Haydn

J.B.Cramer

intended as a parody of one by a celebrated composer and performer
now on the continent.
4

Quel cor umano e tenero-Duet- sung by Sig.Morelli & Sig.Morichelli Vo.(P.)

Dr.Haydn

Sig. Da Ponte

at the Kings theatre,Haymarket,in the opera of Il Burbero di buon corewith an accompanment for the Piano Forte.
4

Imitation of many of the most eminent professors, in twenty six P.
variations on favorite Gavot in Achille et Deidamie for the piano forte
ad libitum composed & dedicated to his royal highness the duke of
Susset4

Three Sonatas for the Piano Forte composed & dedicated to Miss P.
Harriot Gompertz.

4

Six original German Wartzes arrangement for two performers on one P.
Piano Forte and respectfully dedicated with permission to theR.Hon.

and Musical Instrument

Lady Charlotte Randon.
5

Chorus of Falconers

5

Ah what a pity. A favorite Air as sung by Sig.Storace at the Theatre Vo.

Vo.
I.BrahamT.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonI.Moorehead

T.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonJ.DavyT.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonW.Reeve

T.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonW.Reeve

T.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonW.Reeve

T.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonRoyal Covent Garden in the comic opera of The CABINET.
5Nature will prevail. A favorite song sung by Mr. Munden in the comic Vo.
opera of The CABINET.

5

Hope is now no more. Sung by Mr.Incledon in the comic opera of The Vo.
CABINET.

5

Grand march, at the entre of the marquis as performed at the Theatre Vo.
Royal Covent Garden in the comic opera of The CABINET.

5

Never think of meeting sorrow. A favorite duet sung by Sig.Storace & Vo.
Mr.Fancett at the Theatre Royal Covent Garden in the comic opera of
The CABINET.

5

Fortune may flown. A favorite ballad as sung by Mr.Incledon at the Vo.
Theatre Royal Covent Garden in the comic opera of The CABINET.

5Tell me sweet bird. A favorite Air sung by Mr.Incledon The Cabinet Vo.

I. Moorehead T.Dibdin

accompanied on the Flageolet by Mr.Sharp.
5

Qualtetto sung by Sig.Storace,Mr.Tancett,Mr.Emery&Mr.Blanchard at Vo.

W.Reeve

T.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonI.BrahamT.DibdinDale & Son

LondonW.Reeve

T.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonthe Theatre Royal Covent Garden in the comic opera of The
CABINET.
5

The Beautiful maid. A favorite ballad as sung by Mr.Braham at the Vo.
Theatre Royal Covent Garden in the comic opera of The CABINET.

5

Turn minutes to seconds. A favorite Rond, sung by Mrs. Atkins at the Vo.
Theatre Royal Covent Garden in the comic opera of The CABINET.

- 85 -

Takako Inoue

MU.

Title

No.
5

MusicalComposer

Lyricist

Publisher

City

Instrument
The favorite bird duet as sung by Sig.Storace & Mr.Braham at the Vo.

I.BrahamT.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonW.Reeve

T.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonI.BrahamT.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonJohn Davy

T.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonI.BrahamT.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonI.BrahamT.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonE.Riley

LondonTheatre Royal Covent Garden in the comic opera of The CABINET.
5

The single married & the married happy. Sung by Mr. Eawcett at the Vo.
Theatre Royal Covent Garden in the comic opera of The CABINET.

5Fair Ellen. A favorite ballad as sung by Mr.Braham at the Theatre Vo.
Royal Covent Garden in the comic opera of The CABINET.

5

Quintetto

5

Oh thou to whom my vows are plighted. A favorite song sung by Mr. Vo.
Braham .

5

With a friend & a wife. A favorite duet sung by Mr.Braham & Vo.
Mr.Incledon at the Theatre Royal Covent Garden in The CABINET

5

No more by sorrow Pollacca. Sung by Mr.Braham at the Theatre Royal Vo.
Covent Garden in The CABINET

6The Blackbird. Sung with great applause by Mr.Dignum at Vauxhall Vo.

J. Costellow

Garden.
6
6

A favorite Air adapted with variations for the piano forte by P.

Longman,Clementi

J.L.Dussek.

Co.

Grand March of the priests & priestesses in the temple of the sun in the P.

Gluck/ T.Haigh

W.Rolfe& LondonLondoncelebrated tragedy of PIZARRO arranged as a Rond for the Piano
Forte.
6

The favorite dance, introduced in the new comedy called Speed the P.

I. Moorehead

John Longman.Clementi London

Plough arranged as a Rond for the Piano Forte.
6

& Co.

The Blackbird sung with great applause by Mr.Dignum at Vauxhall Vo.

J. Costellow

E.Riley

LondonGarden.
6
6

A favorite Air adapted with variations for the Piano Forte by P.

Longman,Clementi

J.L.Dussek.

Co.

Grand March of the priests & priestesses in the temple of the sun in the P.

Gluck/ T.Haigh

W.Rolfe& LondonLondoncelebrated tragedy of PIZARRO arranged as a Rond for the Piano
Forte.
6

The favorite dance, introduced in the new comedy called Speed the P.

I. Moorehead

John Longman.Clementi London

Plough arranged as a Rond for the Piano Forte.

& Co.

6

She never told her love taken from Shakespeare.

J.K.Day

W.RolfeLondon6

The Labourer's welcome home, written & composed by Mr. Dibdin Vo.

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

LondonI.Moorehead

T.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonMr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

LondonW.RolfeLondonMr.Dibdin

LondonPrestonLondonPrestonLondonW.RolfeLondonand sung by him in his new entertainment called The SPHINX.
6

Jone's catalogue of New Songs Variations & Rondo's.

6

Nature will prevail. A favorite song sung by Mr. Munden in the comic Vo.
opera of The CABINET.

6

The Labourer's welcome home, written & composed by Mr. Dibdin Vo.
and sung by him in his new entertainment called The SPHINX.

6

The pilot that weatherd The Storm.

Mr.

Williams

Clington Jun
6

Every man's friend, written & composed by Mr. Dibdin and sung by Vo.

Mr.Dibdin

him in his new entertainment called Valentine's day.
6
6

A collection of periodical English Songs, Duets, Trios & c.
The Lover's sigh, sung by Mr.Billington in the comic opera of the Vo.
ALGONAH.

6

Damon & Phillis Pastoral Dialogue, sung by Miss Daniels & Mr. Vo.

Mr.Brooks

Dignum at Vauxhall Gardens.
6

Gentle Echo. A favorite song, with an accompaniment for the Piano Vo.(P.,H.,F） J.Taylor
forte,Harp or Flute.

6

The Fowler. A favorite song & Air extracted from Morzart's celebrated Vo.(P.)

T.Haighopera of the ZAUBER=FLOTE arranged as a Rond for the Piano
Forte.
6

Sophia. A favorite song, with the great applause by Master Brand.

6

Sweety blooms the opning rose A favorite song, with an Vo.(P.)

Vo.

accompaniment for the Piano Forte.

- 86 -

J. Blewitt

Thomas Johns & Co.

LondonSchultz

W.RolfeLondonThe Reception of Western Music in South India around 1800

MU.

Title

MusicalNo.

Composer

Lyricist

Publisher

City

Instrument

6

Go and sin no more. A sacred song sung by Mrs.Crouch.

6

Cold

6

Wert thou like me. A favorite song with an accompaniment for a piano Vo.(P.)

blows

the

wind

Duetto,sung

at

the

concerts

Vo.

M.Kellyof Vo.

S.WebbeThomas Moore Esg. M.Kelly
Clementi & Co.

LondonLondonIn.Fergus

Goulding & Co.

LondonLongman,Clementi& LondonHarison,W.Knybett ,Bartleman & Greatorex.
forte composed by In Fergus organist Glasgow.
6

Britannia Triumphant. A new song written by J.H. in honor of the Vo.

J.H.

R.Hudson

victories obtained by England during the last twelve months for theCo.

bass voice.
7

Three original Sonatas in which are introduced the favorite Airs of Vo.(V.&Ba.）Ignace Pleyel

Corri Dussek & Co.

Edinburgh

G.Goulding

LondonG.Goulding

LondonClementi & Co.

LondonR.Birchall

LondonR.Birchall

LondonHc J.B.Cramer

R.Birchall

LondonHc Muzio Clementi

Longman,Clementiwith accompaniment for a Violin and Bass.
7
7

Sonatas for the Piano forte with or without the additional keys and P.(V.&F.)

Josepharccompaniment for a

Mazzinghi

Violin or Flute composed & humbly inscribed.

Three Sonatas for the Piano Forte with or without the additional keys P.(V.&F.)

Josephand arccompaniment for a Flute or Voiolin Ad Libitum composed

Mazzinghi

and inscribedt to Mrs.Trotter.
8
8

Two divertimentos for the Piano Forte with an accompaniment for P.(V.&Cel.)

Adalbert

Violin & Violoncello.

Gyrowetz

Three Sonatas for the Piano Forte or Harpsichord with an P.

or

Hc Leopord

accompaniment for a German Flute or Violin & Violoncello dedicated (Gf,V,Cel)

Kozeluchby permission to Mrs. Hodges.
8

Three Sonatas for the Piano Forte or Harpsichord with an P.

or

Hc Leopord

accompaniment for a German Flute or Violin & Violoncello composed (Gf,V,Cel)

Kozeluch& dedicated to the right honorable Lady Katharine Manners.
8

Three Sonatas for the Piano Forte with an accompaniment for a Violin P.

or& Bass ad Libitum in which are introduced the Airs of Thou foft (V&Ba)
flowing avon- avaf German Waltz & Wind gentle evergreen composed& dedicated to Miss Welch.
8

Three Sonatas for the Piano forte or Harpsichord with an P.
accompaniment for Flute & Violoncello dedicated to Miss Meysey

8
8

or

(F&V.)& LondonCo.

Trois Sonates pour le Clavecin Avec l Accompagnement Dun Violon Hc(V.&Cel.) Joseph Haydn

Longman,Clementi& Violoncello.

Co.

& LondonTrois Sonates pour le Clavecin Avec l Accompagnement Dun Violon Hc(V.&Cel.) Joseph Haydn

J.J.Hummel A Berlin avec

& Violoncello.

privilege du Roi Au Grand
Magazine de Musique8

Three grand Sonatas with favorite Scotch Airs & Reefs for the Adagios P.(V.&Cel.)

Dr.Haydn

Longman,Clementi

and fast movements for the piano forte with accompaniments for a& LondonCo.

Violin & Violoncello.
9Peter Pull-Haul A favorite song as sung by Mr. Munden at the Theatre Vo.

W.Reeve

T.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonJ.DavyT.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonI.BrahamT.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonW.Reeve

T.Dibdin

J.DaleLondonCovent Garden in the comic opera of The CABINET.
9In Britain the soil A favorite hunting song sung by Mr. Incledon in Vo.
the comic opera of The CABINET.

9

By my mother 'twas said A favorite song sung by Sig. Storace at the Vo.
Theatre Royal Covent Garden in the comic opera of The CABINET.

9

Oh what a monstrious gay day A favorite duet sung by Sig.Storace & Vo.
Mr.Fancett at the Theatre Royal Covent Garden in the comic opera of
The CABINET.

9

Finale10 Six Sonatas pour deux Flutes Traversieres DÉ DiÉES Monsieur Le F.
Comte De Morant Mestre de Camp desDragons delaRaine

M.Delusse

Paris

Par

M.Delusse.
10 Flaut Secondo
10 Six duets for two German Flutes.

Gf

F. Hoffmeister

E.Riley

London10 Three Torios for three Flutes or three Violins.

F. or V.

G.Demachi

J.Fentume

London10 Hail lovely peace!

Vo.

11 A Sally Roy. A Scottish ballad sung by Mr.Incledon. A wondering Vo.
melodist.

- 87 -

J. Sanderson

Gentleman

E.Riley

LondonMr.Shield

Mr.Rannie

Goulding & Co.

LondonTakako Inoue

MU.

Title

MusicalNo.

Instrument

11 The Caledonian Mount with variations for the Piano Forte.

P.

Composer

Lyricist

T.Latour

Publisher
A.Brand&City

Weller's London

Music Warehouse
11 Tis Midnight hour. A song.

Vo.

Sig. Rauzzini

11 When night spreads her shadows around. A song.

Vo.

Sig. Rauzzini

11 The maid of the Severn. A favorite song composed for the Bath Vo.

Sig. Rauzzini

S.Walley

Goulding & Co.

S.Walley

Goulding

concerts.

LondonPhipps& LondonPhipps& LondonPhipps& LondonD'Almine

11 Sweet is the Woodbine's fragrance twine. A favorite song .

Vo.

11 La Meuniere. A original French Air Arranged with variations for the P.
Piano Forte and inscribed his pupil Master R. Loraine.
11 Caledonian Leddy. A favorite Scotch Air, arranged as a Rond for the P.

Sir John Stevenson

Goulding

Mus Doc.

D'Almine

James Knottesford

Goulding

AnsellD'Almine

T.Latour

A.Brand

Piano Forte.

&

Weller's London

Music Warehouse

11 Love and Whiskey. A Favorite Irish Air sung by Mr. Johnstone in the P.

T.SmithGoulding

opera of the Wife of the two husbands arranged as a Rond for the

Phipps& LondonPhipps& LondonPhipps& LondonD'Almine

Piano Forte.
11 A Select Collection of Country dances for the Piano Forte.

P.

Goulding
D'Almine

11 Merrily Danc'd the Quaker's Wife with other favorite Air as a Rond for P.

G.Saffery

Goulding

the Piano Forte.

D'Almine

11 The negro girl A Ballad.

Sig. Rauzzini

11 The girl of my heart A favorite ballad as sung by Mr.Incledon at the Vo.

W.Shield

Goulding & Co.
J.Rannie

Theatre Royal Covent Garden.

Goulding

LondonPhipps& LondonPhipps& LondonD'Almine

11 The Rose bud A Ballad as sung with universal applause by Mr. Bland Vo.

J.F. Burrowes

Goulding

at Vauxhall.

D'Almine

11 A second set of original German Waltz for the Piano Forte composed P.

J.G.Graeff

L.Lavenu

LondonT.Campbell Esq, Longman

LondonDr. Honlton

London& dedicated to Mrs.Wye of Oport Set to an original Scottish Air.
11 The wounded Hussar. A favorite ballad written by T.Campbell Vo.
Esg.Author of the pleasures of Hope, a poem. A favorite Ballad sungby Mr.Dignum at Vauxhall Gardens.
11 Fair Rose of the Green.

Vo.

T. Costellow

Clementi,Banger,Hyde,Collard& Davis

11 The Pirate. A celebrated sea song sung by Mr.Tonsend in the Genoes Vo.

Mr.Sanderson

Mr.CrossLongman & Co.

LondonClementi & Co.

LondonLongman & Broderip

Londonpirate ot Black Beard.
11 Cold

blows

the

wind

Duetto,sung

at

the

concertsof Vo.

S.WebbeHarison,W.Knybett ,Bartleman & Greatorex.
12 Trois Sonates pour le Clavecin ou Piano Forte avec accompaniment Hc.(V&Cel. I.F.Sterkel
din Violin et Violoncello obliges.

)

12 Three Sonatas for the Piano Forte with accompaniments for Flute or P.(F.,V.,Cel.) Leopord

Phipps& London(V.&Ba) Ignace Pleyel

Corri Dussek & Co.

Londonor

J.DaleLondonJ.DaleLondonF.Linley

LondonLongman & Broderip

LondonViolin and Violoncello composed & humbly dedicated to her Royal

Goulding

Kozeluch

D'Almine

Highness The Prince of Wales.
12 Three original Sonatas in which are introduced the favorite Airs with P.
accompaniment for a Violin and Bass either obligate et Ad libitum by
Ignace Pleyel.
12 Three grand Sonatas for the Piano Forte or Harpsichord with P.

Hc. Ignace Pleyel

accompaniments for Violin and Violoncelo in which are introduced for (V.&Cel.)the subject of The Adagio & Last movements select Scotch Airs
composed by Ignace Payel entered at Stationers Hall.
12 Three grand Sonatas for the Piano Forte or Harpsichord with P.

or

Hc. Ignace Pleyel

accompaniments for Violin and Violoncelo in which are introduced for (V.&Cel.)the subject of The Adagio & Last movements select Scotch Airs
composed by Ignace Payel entered at Stationers Hall
12 Three Sonatas for the Piano Forte with accompaniments for Flute or P.(F.,V.,Cel.) Leopord
Violin and Violoncello composed & humbly dedicated to her Royal

KozeluchHighness The Prince of Wales.
12 Trois Sonates pour le Piano Forte avec accompaniment the Violin & P.(V.&Cel.)
Violincello composees & dediees a Madame Schrecter.

JosephMus.Doc- 88 -

Haydn

The Reception of Western Music in South India around 1800

MU.

Title

MusicalNo.

Composer

Lyricist

Publisher

City

Instrument

12 Three grand Sonatas for the Piano Forte with accompaniments for P.
Violin & Bass being recording book of(V.&Ba) Mr.Pleyel

Corri Dussek & Co.

LondonA Sett of Twelve New

Sonatas.
12 Trois Sonates pour le Clavecin ou Piano Forte avec Violin & Hc.
Violoncelle Oevre ⅩⅩⅩⅦ.

or Mr.Jgnace

P.(V.&Cel.)

J.J.Hummel A Berlin avec

Pleyelprivilege du Roi Au Grand
Magazine de Musique

12 Trois Grands Trios pour le Clavecin ou Piano Forte avec accompagnement Hc.

or Josephde Violin & Violoncelle composees & dediees R Son Altesse Madame La P.(V.&Cel.)

Haydn

J.J.Hummel A Berlin avec

Mus.Doc

privilege du Roi Au Grand

Princesse Marie Esterhazy Nee Princesse de Lichtenstein .

Magazine de Musique

13 The Songs,Duets and Chorusses of the Histrical romance Richard Vo.

Mons Gretry

Mr.Linley

S.A.&P Thompson

Londoncoeur de Lion as performed at the Theatre Royal in Drury Lane
13 The doctor and the Apothecary. A musical entertainment as it is

T.Storace

Autbor &Mefs Birehall London

performed at the Theatre Royal Drury Lane the Music.

& Andrews

13 Inkle and Yarico A Comick Opera as performed at the Theatre Royal Vo.,Hc.,P.

D.Arnold

George Colman

Longman & Broderip

LondonI.WalshLondonmusic & Clementi.Co.

LondonF. Hoffmeister

Hoffmeister & Comp.

VienneD.Arnold

Vestry of Surry Chapelin the Hay Market adapted for the Voice,Harpsichord & Pianoforte.
13 Index to the Songs, Duetts & c. in INKLE and YARICO.
14 Handle's

songs

selected

from

his

oratoriosforthe Hc.,Vo.,Ob., Mr. Handle

Harpsichord,Voice,Hoboy or German Flute Vol.Ⅱ.The instrumental Gfparts may be had separate to compleat them for concerts
15 The Farmer. A comic opera performed withe great applause at the Vo.

W.Shield

J.O'keefe Esg.

Theatre Royal Concert Garden.
15 Overture to Rosina Adapted as a lesson for the Harpsichord & Piano Hc.& P.
Forte.
15 Overture to the poor soldier for the Harpsichord & Piano Forte.

Hc.& P.

15 Trois Sonates pour le Fortepiano et Violon oblige composees et P.& Vio

Shielddediees Mons J.Partisch.
16 Collection of Hymn Tunes For three and four voices composed for use Vo.
of Surry Chapel respectfully dedicated by permission to The Rev.

& B.Jacobs.

Rorland Hill.
16 Index.
17 Finale sung by Mr. Edwin Miss Harper.

Vo.

D.Arnold

18 The Mountaineers as performed with the utmost applause at the Vo.

D.Arnold

George Colman

Preston & Son

LondonTheatre Royal Hay Market.
18 Advertisement.
19 Tell her I'll love her. A ballad sung my Mr.Incledon in hi new Vo.

W.Shield

Goulding

entertainment at the Songsters Jublee.

Phipps& LondonLongman,Clementi& LondonD'Almine

19 Poor little Adeline. A favorite comic ballad as sung by Mrs. Rossey. In Vo.

J. Sanderson

Mr.Crossthe new grand spectacle called The Mine on the black forest of Idria

Co.

performing with universal applause at the new Royal circus.
19 The green willow grove with and accompaniment for the Piano Forte Vo.(P.)

John Ross

Mr.Rannie

respectfully dedicated to Miss Nicolson of Locheno
19 Song translated from the French Le Chevelier de Coucy.

Longman,Clementi& LondonCo.
Vo.

19 Remenber I live but for you. A song with and accompanement for the Piano Vo.(P.)

H.Thompson Esg,

W.RolfeLondonW.Cahusac

R.Birchall

LondonW.Bainbridge

LondonJ.& Caulfield

LondonForte formarly one of the childeren of His Majesty's chapels Royal.
19 Tis the Lark that charms mine that ear a favorite ballad dedicated by Vo.

G.Nicks

G.Nicks

permission. The most noble. The Marquis Blandford.
19 A spruce little Drummer sung by Miss de Camp & Mrs. Mills in the Vo.

D.Arnold

Review or wags of windsor.
19 Smithfield Bargains sung by Mr. Dibdin in his new entertainment Vo.

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

LondonW.Reeve

Mr.Dibdin

W. Turnbull

LondonW.Reeve

Mr.Dibdin

W. Turnbull

LondonMr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

Londoncalled The Sphinx.
19 Ti Tum Ti, a Comic Ballad sung by Mr.Liston at the Theatre Royal in Vo.
Haymarket in the cornaly of Two Miles off the Finger Tasty
19 London Nights. A favorite comic song sung by Mr.Smith with the Vo.
great applause at the Aquatic Theatre,Sadlers Wells
19 Love's probation written & composed by Mr. Dibdin and sung by him Vo.
in his new entertainment called The Sphinx.

- 89 -

Takako Inoue

MU.

Title

No.

MusicalComposer

Lyricist

Publisher

City

Instrument

19 A salt Eel for Mynheer, written & composed by Mr. Dibdin and sung Vo.

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

LondonClementi & Co.

Londonby him in his new entertainment called The Sphinx.
19 The Weeping Maid of Glasgow sung by Mrs. Robbey at Vauxhall Vo.

Mr.Hook

Gardens.
19 A favorite song sung by Mr.Dignum at Vauxhall Gardens.

Vo.

Mr.Hook

Clementi & Co.

London19 Love and Loyalty sung by Mr. Dignum Vauxhall Gardens.

Vo.

Mr.Hook

T.E.Hook

Clementi & Co.

London19 A favorite Ballad written words from Carlisles Specimens of Arabian Vo.

T.Haigh

John Longman.Clementi London

Poetry.

& Co.

19 All's one to Jack written & composed by Mr. Dibdin and sung by him Vo.

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

LondonE.Riley

LondonJ.DavyGoulding & Co.

LondonThomas Johns & Co.

LondonR.Birchall

Londonin his new entertainment called The Sphinx.
19 The Fisherman A new song sung by Mr.Gibbons at Vauxhall Gardens.

Vo.

19 The Ditty at the shipwrecko seaman's story sung by Mr.Incledon with Vo.

T. Costellow
Mr.Dibdin

unbounded applause at the Theatre Royal Covent Garden.
19 The Lafs of the Lake sung by Miss Waters at the Theatre Covent Vo.

I. Moorehead

Garden in the Domion of Fancy.
19 O best beloved could I but again.

Vo.

19 Tol De Rol De Rol written & composed by Mr. Dibdin and sung by Vo.

Mr.Rossof Mr.R.A.

Aberdeen

Davenpoet

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

LondonJames

I.C.CrossLongman & Broderip

LondonMiss Lee

Goulding & Co.

LondonClementi & Co.

Londonhim in his new entertainment called The Sphinx.
19 In the good ship Revenge. A favorite song sung by Mr.Helme at the Vo.
Royal Circus in Black Beard.
19 By all the softness of the hour A Ballad.

Sanderson
Vo.

Sig. Rauzzini

19 I know that my Redeemer Land as sung by Madam Mara in the Vo.
Messiah.
19 Ye who fortune's favors share. An Admir'd Ballad composed &E.Bailey

Goulding

dedicated to Miss F.Cotton

Phipps& London

J.Power & W.Power

DublinD'Almine

19 How eager with joy the fond Parent survey. A pathetic Ballad sung by Vo.

Mr. Ambrose

Mrs.McCartney in the successfull cruise of Nobody coming to woo as
performed at the Sans Pariel in the Strand written by Miss Scott.
19 The Fisher An admired Ballad with and accompaniment for the Piano Forte Vo.(P.)

Reichardt

19 Advice written & composed by Mr. Dibdin and sung by him in his new Vo.

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

W.RolfeLondonMr.Dibdin

LondonR.Birchall

LondonMr.Dibdin

Londonentertainment called A Tour to the Land's End.
19 A favorite Swiss Air with Variations for the Harp or Piano Forte.

Ha.&P.

Louis

Van

Beethoven
19 Give and Take written & composed by Mr. Dibdin and sung by him in Vo.

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

his new entertainment called The Sphinx.
19 The Opera Music Warehouse out upon it Canzonett Composed & Vo.

I.W.Windson

Monzani & Co.Music sellers London

dedicated by permission to Sir Richard Hankey.

to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales

19 Where honor can its power display. A favorite Ballad sung by Vo.

M.Kelly

M.Kelly

LondonMr.Welsh At the Theatre Royal Drury Lane in the opera of Algonah
The overtune & New Music.
19 The dear little girl of his heart sung by Mr.Gibsons.

Vo.

J.Sanderson

19 A Tastic of Grog. A favorite sea song sung by Mr.Moss with universal Vo.

J. Sanderson

E.Riley

LondonMiss Scott

J.Power & W.Power

LondonWalpoleT.Monzani Music sellers to London

M.P.King

R.Birchall

Londonapplause in the Burletta of the successfull cruise or nobody coming to
woo Now performing at the Sans Periel in the Strand.
19 Fickle Time. A Duett With an accompaniment for the Harp or Piano Vo.(P.&Ha.） Thomas
Forte The words translated from Spanish of Garcilaso de ga Vega.

Attwood

H.R.H. the Prince of Wales

19 The Breeze A favorite Ballad.

Vo.

M.P.King

19 A Rosebud by my early walk. A favorite Canzonett.

Vo.

T.Haigh

Clementi & Co.

LondonT.Haigh

R.Birchall

LondonMr.T. Dibdin

Thomas Johns

LondonMr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

LondonC.Dibdin

C.Dibdin

Goulding & Co.

London19 A little Cabin Boy. An old English Diddy. With an accompaniment Vo.(P.)
for the Piano Forte.
19 The Magate Hoy sung by Mr. Blanchard at the Theatre Royal Covent Vo.
Garden.

ThomasAttwood

19 Beauty's Banners written & composed by Mr. Dibdin and sung by him Vo.
in his new entertainment called A Tour to the Land's End.
19 A falling leaf. A favorite song sung at Sadlers Wells.

Vo.

- 90 -

The Reception of Western Music in South India around 1800

MU.

Title

MusicalNo.

Instrument

19 Henry. A fovorite Ballad sung by Mrs.Bland at Vauxhall Gardens.

Vo.

Composer

Lyricist

ThomasPublisherCity

E.Riley

LondonR.Birchall

LondonCostellow
19 The woe-tun'd voice of hopeless love.A Canzonett.

Vo.

Mr.Ross

Mr.Rnnie

19 A spanish Air arranged as a Rondo by D.Steibelt.

D.Steibelt

19 Congenial to Friends is the Gay Rosy Bowl, a carnival duett Vo.

Sir I.Stevenson Joseph Atkinson W.Power & Co.

respectfully dedicated to the R.Honble Earl of Barrymore.
19 That Shepherd sure is he.

Mus.Doc.

A Ballad with an accompaniment for the Vo.(P.)

Piano Forte.

R.Birchall

LondonDublinEsg.

Sir I.Stevenson

W.Power & Co.

DublinMus.Doc.

19 Les follies d Espagne. A favorite Air with variations for the Harp.

Ha.

19 The Dutch skipper. A favorite Air arranged as a Rondo for the Piano P.

R.Birchall

LondonW.Power & Co.

DublinMr.Dibdin

LondonI.Ringwood

W.Power & Co.

DublinT.CookeW.Power & Co.

DublinC.DibdinJohn Longman

LondonJohn Bourke

Forte with or without additional keys by Johna Bourke.
19 Valentine's Day written & composed by Mr. Dibdin and sung by him Vo.

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdinin his new entertainment called Valentine's Day.
19 Ah tell me not Chloe. A favorite song composed by I.Ringwood Vo.
organist Cathedral Waterford.
19 The Roundelay sung with unbounded applause by Mrs.Cooke at the Vo.
Theatre Royal.
19 Monopoly.

A favorite comic song sung by Mr. Davis at Sadler's Vo.

Wells and by Mr.Quick, before his Majesty at Wermouth.
19 The Nancy written & composed by Mr. Dibdin and sung by him in his Vo.

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

Mr.Dibdin

LondonThomasMr. Anderson

Goulding & Co.

LondonI.WalshLondonnew entertainment called The Sphinx.
19 Mary A favorite Scotch Song

composed by Thomas Thompson Vo.

organist new castle upon Tyne.

Thompson

20 A Cantata & English Songs set to music by Mr. Greene.

Vo.

Mr.Greene

20 GeorgeR.
20 Cymon & Iphigenia. A Cantata set by Mr. Arne & sung by Mr. Vo.

Mr.Arne（illegible） at Vauxhall Hall Garden
20 The Garland. A Collection of Songs & Cantatas.

Vo.

20 The flower garden. The collection of Songs,Duetts and Cantatas set to Vo.
music by Mr. John Broderip

Organist,Vicar and Master of theMr. Holcomebe

T.Simpson

LondonMr.John

T.Simpson

LondonClementi & Co.

LondonIgnace Pleyel

PrestonLondonI.F.Sterkel

Longman & Broderip

LondonT.Preston and wolesale

LondonT.Preston and wolesale

LondonW.A.Mozart

Broderip & Wilkinson

LondonValentino

Broderip & Wilkinson

LondonR.Birchall

LondonBroderip

Choristers of the Cathedral Church of Wells/
20 The envious fair appeard
20 The well advised lover.
21 Introduction to the Art of Playing on Guttertdge's Rem Patent Clarinet
comprizing The Elements of music Instruction for fingering Examples,Exercises,Duets,Waltzes Quadrilles,Alilitarp Troops, Quick steps &c.
21 Introduction.
21 Explanation of Gammut.
21 A Sellection of popular tunes to exercise the fingers in quick music,
consisting of Quadrilles,Waltzes, Favorite dances,Qiock steps, Military
Rondos,Troops & c.
22 A favorite Sonata for the Piano Forte.

P.

22 Trois Sonates pour le Clavecin ou Piano Forte avec accompaniment P.

(V.)

din Violin et Violoncello obliges.
22 Three Favorite devertimentos for the Piano Forte in which are P.(Tam.&Tri T.Haighintroduced Marches,Andantes,& Original German Waltzes,with an .)accompaniment for the Tamburino & Triangle.
22 Three Sonatas for the Piano Forte with an accompaniment for a Violin P.(V.&Gf.)

D.Steibelt

or German Flute composed & dedicated to Miss Frodsham.
22 Air with Variations for the Piano Forte composed by W.A.Mozart.

P.

23 Three Sonatas for the grand or small Piano Forte with and P. (V.)
acompaniment for the Violin.

Nicolai

24 Three Duetts for two performers or one Harpsichord or Piano Forte Hc.& P.(V.)
with accompaniment for the Violin composed & incribed to theJohn
A.K.Colizzi

honorable Miss （illegible）& Miss Catherine by John A.K.Colizzi.
24 A Catalogue of Vocal & Instrumental Music.

- 91 -

Takako Inoue

MU.

Title

MusicalNo.

Composer

Lyricist

Publisher

City

Instrument

25 Trois Grand Trois pour le Clavacin ou Piano Forte Avec l P.

Joseph Haydn

J.J.Hummel A Berlin avec

Accompaniment deViolin & Violincelle composes & dedics R.Son

privilege du Roi Au Grand

Mtesse Madame La Princesse Marie Esterhazy Nee Princess deMagazine de Musique

Lichtenstein par Joseph Hydn.
25 A Sonata for the grand & small Piano Forte with additional keys P.

J.L.Dussek

Broderip

Londoncomposed & dedicated to Miss Chinnery.
25 Trois Sonates pour le Clavecin ou Piano Forte avec Violin & P.(V.&Cel.)
Violoncelle.

Mr.Ignace

J.J.Hummel A Berlin avec

Pleyelprivilege du Roi Au Grand
Magazine de Musique

26 Music, printed by J. Dale No.19 Cornhill & 152 Oxford Street.(list)
26 Overture to the Siege of Belgrade.
27 Preludes and Selecte Airs passing in a relative progresion of the Major Ha.

T.Desargus

C.Wheatstone

LondonJ.Elouis

R.Birchall

LondonI. Krumpholtz

Lavenue & Mitchell

LondonF.SmartL.Lavenu

London28 Three Sonatas for the Piano forte with an accompaniments for Flute or P.(F.,V.,Cel.) Leopold

Goulding& Miner keys for the Harp.
27 Preludes or Exercise in the Major key E♭Major & its recitative key C Minor.
27 The Earl of Moira's Welcome to Scotland. A favorite strathspey with P.
variations for the Harp or Piano Forte composed & dedicated bypermission to the Right Honble The Countess of

Loudoun & Moira

by J.Elouis.
27 The favorite Sonata for the Harp.

Ha.

27 The favorite Air of Laurette composed by F.Smart arranged as a Rondo P. or Ha.
for the Piano Forte or Harp & respectfully inscribed to Miss Beechey
by Joseph Major
27 List.
Violin and Violoncello composed & humbly dedicated by permission

Phipps& LondonKozeluch

D'Almine

I.F.Sterkel

Longman & Broderip

London(V.&Ba) Mr.Pleyel

Corri Dussek & Co.

LondonT.Preston and wolesale

LondonJ..Wragg

Clementi & Co.

LondonJ..Wragg

Clementi & Co.

LondonMr.Cardon Fils

L.Lavenu

LondonJohn

Falkner& Londonto Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales.
28 Trois Sonates pour le Clavecin ou Piano Forte avec accompaniment P.(V.,Cel.)
din Violin et Violoncello obliges.
28 Three grand Sonatas for the Piano Forte with accompaniments for P.
Violin & Bass being recording book of a sett of Twelve New Sonatas
Composed by Mr.Pleyel.
28 Three Sonatas for the Piano forte with an accompaniment for a Violin P.(V.or Gf.)

D.Steibelt

or German Flute composed & dedicated to Miss Frodsham.
28 Three Sonatas for the Harpsichord or Piano Forte.

Hc. or P.

Leopold
Kozeluch

29 Wragg's Preceptor for the German Flute.Eighteenth edition, with Gfconsiderable additions & improvements.
29 Eighteenth edition of Wragg's Improved flute preceptor. or the whole Gf
ART of playing the German Flute Renderd perfectly easy to every
capascity.A set of Duetts, a pleasing collection of Scottish & otherAirs. A set of precludes in the various keys. Sumple Instruction for theeight key'd Flute.
29 Wragg's improved flute preceptor.
29 The author's address.
29 A dictionary of the Most useful terms made use of in music.
29 Second appendix.
29 Catalogue of Flute music concluded.
30 Four Sonatas for the Harp

with an accompaniment for the Violin ad Ha.(V.)

Libitum composed & dedicated to the Queen of France.
30 A favorite Sonata for the Harp with an accompaniment for Flute or Hc(V&F.)
Violin Obiligato,composed & dedicated to John Baptiste Cramer.
31 Abroad and at home. A comic opera now performing with the greatest Vo.
applause, at the Theatre Royal Covent Garden
31 Overture for the Piano Forte& Harpsichord.
32 The Rival Candidates.

Baptiste

Mayer

Christmas/Late M Kelly

Gretry Giornovich Geo Holman

Longman & Broderip

LondonR.Bremner

London& William ShieldP. or Hc.

A comic opera as it is performed at the Vo.

Theatre Royal Drury Lane

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T.CarterThe Reception of Western Music in South India around 1800

MU.

Title

MusicalNo.

Composer

Lyricist

Publisher

City

Instrument

32 Sinfonia
33 Twelve

Sonatas

for

the

Piano

Forte

&

Harpsichordwith P.

& Ignace Pleyel

J.DaleLondonaccompaniments for a Violin & Violoncello. In which are instroduced Ha.(V.&Cel)a variety of Scotch Airs & favorite pieces.
33 Three

Sonatas

for

the

Piano

Forte

or

Harpsichordwith P.

& Muzio Clementi

Longman. Clementi & London

accompaniments for a Violin & Violoncello dedicated to Miss Meysey. Ha.(V.&Cel)
33 Three

Sonatas

for

the

Piano

Forte

or

Harpsichordwith P.

accompaniments for a flute & Violoncello dedicated to Miss Meysey.

Co.

& Muzio Clementi

Longman. Clementi & London

Ha.(F.&Cel)Co.

34 Sacchini's overture in the opera Evelina arranged for the Piano Forte. P.

Mr. K.Kambra

R.Birchall

London34 A favorite march as performed at the King's Theatre, Hay Market in

Sig. Sacchini

R.Birchall

Londonthe serious opera of Evelina.
34 Ah! Voi Giusti E Sommi Dei. A favorite song as sung by Madame Vo.

Sig. Sacchini

L.Daponte

L.Lavenu

LondonSig. Sacchini

L.Daponte

L.Lavenu

LondonSig. SacchiniLongman & Broderip

LondonSig. SacchiniLongman & Broderip

LondonL.Lavenu

LondonSignor Martini

J.DaleLondonSignor Martini

J.DaleLondonSignor Martini

J.DaleLondonSig.V. Martini

J.DaleLondonSig.V. Martini

J.DaleLondonSig.V. Martini

J.DaleLondonSig.V. Martini

V.Martini

LondonSig. Guglielmi

Longman & Broderip

LondonSig. Guglielmi

Corri Dussek & Co.

Edinburgh

G.PaisielloR.Birchall

LondonBanti at the King's Theatre Haymarket in the serious opera of Evelina.
34 Ah Io Mio Cor. A favorite song as sung by Madame Banti at the King's Vo.
Theatre Haymarket in the serious opera of Evelina.
34 Ah Quel Core. A favorite song as sung by Madame Banti at the King's Vo.
Theatre Haymarket in the serious opera of Evelina.
34 Oh Lieto Di. A favorite trio as sung at the King's Theatre Haymarket in Vo.
the serious opera of Evelina by Madame Banti, Sig.Rovedino &Viganoni.
34 Ah per Pietade. A favorite Duett as sung by Madame Banti & Viganoni Vo.

Sig. Sacchini

L.Daponte

at the King's Theatre Haymarket in the serious opera of Evelina.
34 Guardami Un Poco as sung by Signora Morichelli at the King's Vo.
Theatre Haymarket in the oera La Squola de Maritati.
34 Gia Vicin È Quel Di.

A favorite Air

as sung by Sig.Brida at the Vo.

King's Theatre Haymarket in the oera La Squola de Maritat
34 Pollacca La Donna Ha Dolce Il Core as sung by Sig.Brida at the King's Vo.
Theatre Haymarket in the oera La Squola de Maritati.
34 Nel Cor Mi Sent Un Giubilo. A favorite air as sung by Sig. Morichelli Vo.
at the Kings Theatre Hay Market, in the opera of La Scuola deMaritati.
34 Mirate Mirate. A favorite duett sung by Sig Morichelli & Sig Morelli Vo.
at the Kings Theatre Hay Market, in the opera of La Scuola deMaritati.
34 Vedrete Che Allegria. A favorite duet as sung by Sig Morichelli & Sig Vo.
Apriani at the Kings Theatre Hay Market, in the opera of La Scuola deMaritati.
34 Il Riso -A Canone- performed at the Kings Theatre Hay Market, in the Vo.
opera called La Scuola de Maritati.
34 Sigra Banti's favorite song in the opera of Semiramide o le Nendetta di Vo.
Nino.
34 A Compir gia vo L'impresa Recitative and Air, with a violin obligato Vo.
sung by Signora Banti & Accompanied by Mr. Cramer, at the Kings
Theatre Hay Market.
34 Quest È Dunque Il Loco Usato.The favorite Cavatina as sung by Sig Vo.
Viganoni in the opera of Nina.
34 The favorite Pastorale as sung by Sig Viganoni in the opera of Nina.

Vo.

G.Paisiello34 O Momento Fortunato. The favorite duett, sung by Sig.Viganoni in the Vo.

G.PaisielloR.Birchall

LondonG.PaisielloR.Birchall

LondonL .De.Call

Monzani & Hill Musical London

opera of Nina.
34 Zon gia tuo bell Idol mio. Terzetto in the opera of Nina sung by Vo.
Signora Banti,Sig.Viganoni & SIg.Rovedino.
35 Serenade for a third concert, and B Tenor Flute.

Btf.

Instruments & Music sellers
to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales
35 TwoTrios, concertante, for a third concert,& B Tenor Flute for Bassoon Btf.
composed & dedicated to William Adams Esg.

Luigi Gianella

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty- 93 -

Takako Inoue

MU.

Title

MusicalNo.

Composer

Lyricist

Publisher

City

Instrument

35 A Third Grand. Trio concertante for third concert & B Tenor Flute in Btf.

Luigi Gianella

which is introduced Jomelli's favorite Chacone composed & dedicated

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

to Count Constantine Ludolf.
35 Eight favorite national melodies arranged & composed for A third Btf.

Luigi Gianella

concert, B Tenor Flute for Bassoon

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

35 A Second set of melodies, arranged & composed for A third concert,& Btf. or Cel.

Luigi Gianella

B Tenor Flute ot Violoncello.

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

35 A Third set of favorite Airs arranged & composed for A third Btf.,Fag.,

Luigi Gianella

concert,& B Tenor Flute,Bassoon or Violoncello dedicated to Cel.

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

W.H.White Esg.
35 Thirteen Italian melodies. Adapted Trios. for A third concert,& B Btf. or Cel.

Luigi Gianella

Tenor Flute, or Violoncello.

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

35 La Conversazione.Terzetto concertante between The Hen, Cuckoo & Btf.

F. Hoffmeister

Donkey arranged for A third concert,& B Tenor Flute.

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

35 Terzettino, for A third concert,& B Tenor Flute.

Btf.

H.Kohler

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

35 Three Serenades for two concert Flutes & B Tenor Flute, Bassoon or F.,Btf,Fag.
Violoncello.

F.MayerCel.

36 Serenade for a third concert, and B Tenor Flute.

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

Btf.

L .De.Call

Monzani & Hill Musical London
Instruments & Music sellers
to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales

36 TwoTrios, concertante, for a third concert,& B Tenor Flute for Bassoon Btf.,Fag.

Luigi Gianella

composed & dedicated to William Adams Esg.

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

36 A Third Grand. Trio concertante for third concert & B Tenor Flute in Btf.

Luigi Gianella

which is introduced Jomelli's favorite Chacone composed & dedicated

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

to Count Constantine Ludolf.
36 Eight favorite national melodies arranged & composed for A third Btf.,Fag.,concert, B Tenor Flute for Bassoon.

Luigi Gianella

Cel.

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

36 A Second set of melodies, arranged & composed for A third concert,& Btf. or Cel.

Luigi Gianella

B Tenor Flute ot Violoncello.

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

36 A Third set of favorite Airs arranged & composed for A third Btf.,Fag.,

Luigi Gianella

concert,& B Tenor Flute,Bassoon or Violoncello dedicated to Cel.

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

W.H.White Esg.
36 Thirteen Italian melodies. Adapted Trios. for A third concert,& B Btf. or Cel.

Luigi Gianella

Tenor Flute, or Violoncello.

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

36 La Conversazione.Terzetto concertante between The Hen, Cuckoo & Btf.

F. Hoffmeister

Donkey arranged for A third concert,& B Tenor Flute.

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

36 Terzettino, for A third concert,& B Tenor Flute.

Btf.

H.Kohler

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

36 Three Serenades for two concert Flutes & B Tenor Flute, Bassoon or Btf.,Fag.,
Violoncello.

F.Mayer

Cel.

Monzani & Hill Music London
sellers to His Majesty

36 Catalogue of Flute music.
Catalogue of Flute music, continued.
37 Three

Sonatas

for

the

Piano

Forte

or

Harpsichordwith P.

or Muzio Clementi

Longman & Broderip

LondonLongman & Broderip

LondonJoseph Haydn

Longman & Broderip

LondonF.I.Klose

L.Lavenu

LondonSteibelt

L.Lavenu & Mitchell

LondonS.Dussek

R.Birchall

Londonaccompaniments for a Violin & Violoncello dedicated to Miss Meysey. Ha .(V.Cel.)
37 Three Sonatas for the grand or small Piano Forte in which are P.(Cel.)introduced for the subject of the Adagio's wind gentle evergreen my

Adalbert
Gyrowetz

native land with and acompaniment for aViolin & Violoncello.
37 Trois Sonates for the piano forte avec accompanement de violon & P.(V.,Cel.)viloncello composes and dedecates to Madame Schrecter.
38 Orange Boven Country Dance composed & arranged as a Rondo for Ha.
the Harp.
38 Le Melange A Favorite Pastral composed & arranged for the piano P.
forte.
38 Four favorite Airs arranged for the Harp & dedicated to The Honble Ha.
Mrs.Fane.

- 94 -

The Reception of Western Music in South India around 1800

MU.

Title

No.

MusicalComposer

Lyricist

Publisher

City

Instrument

38 Durandarte & Belerma .（the following）
38 A favorite dance advanced by Mr.D Egvilles Pupils at the Kings P.
Theatre arranged as a Rondo for the piano forte.

H.R.Bishop,F.K

L.Lavenu

LondonGoulding

Londonlose

38 Dussek's Grand Concerto for the Pedal Harp or Piano Forte with or Ph. or P.

Dussek

without additional keys and with accompaniments for Violin & c. as

D'Atmaine.Potter & Co.

performed at Salomons Concerts Hanover Square dedicated to Miss
Anne Thompson by the author .
38 Steibelt's Celebrated Storm, arranged for the Harp with accompanied Ha.

Henry Horn

L.Lavenu

LondonM.P. Dalvimare

L.Lavenu

LondonF.J. Naderman

J.Platts

Londonad libitum dedicated to Miss Elizabeth Sophia Ronley
38 Romance & Polacca for the Piano Forte & Harp.

P. or Ha.

38 The Celebrated Air Russe arraneged with variations for the Harp of an Ha.
accompaniment for the Horn & Viola ad-libitum.
38 Four favorite Airs arranged for the Harp.

(Hor.&.Vio.)Ha.

M.P. Dalvimare

Lavenu & Mitchell

London38 Collection of favorite Airs with variations for the Harp selected from Ha.

Ph:J.Meyer.Jun

R.Birchall

LondonJoseph Dale

J.DaleLondonL.De Marin

J.Platts

LondonJohn

L.Lavenu

LondonHenrysmith

Clementi

LondonHenrysmith

Clementi

LondonHenrysmith

Clementi

LondonHaydn

Adifferent authors.
38 Calder Fair.

A favorite Scotch Air arranged for the Piano Forte or P. or Ha.

Harp.
38 A Favorite Thema, with variations for the Harp composed & dedicated Ha.
to Miss E.Thompson
38 Roy's Wife A favorite Air, with variations for the Harp, composed & Ha.
dedicated to Miss Harford.

MichaelWeippert

39 A New Edition Logier's introduction to the Art of Playing on the Royal
Kent Bugle, with considerable addition & inprovements by the Author.
39 A New Edition

with considerable addition & inprovements of Logier's

introduction to the Art of Playing on the Royal Kent Bugle, illustrated withgeneral precepts for acquiring a good embouchure & Rules for the
management of Jone to which is added a variaty of appropriated to facilitate
the improvement of the pupil and a choice of collection of favorite
arts,Marches.& c. Arranged for One,Two & Three performers, carefullyadated to instrument & fingerd by the Author.
39 The following little treatise is very profound respect and veneration. Most

Henrysmith

humbly dedicated to His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent by the Author.
39 Preface.（the following）
39 Preliminary observations.（the following）
39 Introduction.（the following）
39 Description of the Nine Keyed Concert Bugle newly invented andmade by Henrysmith and told by Clementi
40 Quatuor pour deux Violons Alto et Violoncelle composé et dedicé a V.&Cel.
Mr. J.C.Pommer Esche Consceiller de la Chamble de sa majeste le Roi

Offenbachs/m chez Jean Andrede Suede par ??? Eleve de J. Haydn
40 Six Quatuor concertance pour deux Violons & Alto et Basse. Dedie V.,Ba.

Dufresne

Mr. Durieu

Paris

Am De St.George.
40 Quatuors du Ballet, Die Geschopfe des Promentheus composeé & V.,Vio.,Ba.
arrange pour deux Violons, Viola & Basse.

Mr.L.deJ.J.Hummel A Berlin avec

Beethovenprivilege du Roi Au Grand
Magazine de Musique

40 Quatuor pour deux Violons, Viola & Basse conposeé et dedicé A son V.,Vio.,Ba.

P.RodeAltesse Roiale Monseigneur Le prince Loise Ferdinand De prusse .

J.J.Hummel A Berlin avec
privilege du Roi Au Grand
Magazine de Musique

40 Three Quartettes for two Violins, Tenor or Violoncelllo.
40 Three Quartettes Serenatas for Flute, Violin, Tenor & Bass.

V.,Te.,Cel.

Mr.L.deClementi, Banger, Hyde, London

Beethoven

Collard & Davis

F.,V.,Te.,Ba. I,B,Viotti

Clementi, Banger, Hyde, London
Collard & Davis- 95 -

Takako Inoue

Appendix 2
MU. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Total

Appendix 6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

A Number of Works
Included in Each Bundle

A Number of Works
15
3
4
5
18
26
3
8
5
5
19
10
4
1
4
2
1
2
55
7
2
5
1
2
3
2
6
5
7
2
2
2
3
20
10
10
3
14
4
6
306

Appendix 3

Music Genres

Music Genres

Total
147
37
26
17
12
12
11
5
4
1

Vocal
Piano Solo
Piano＋αB Tenor Flute
Harp
Piano Trio
Flute
Strings Quartet
Harpsichord
QuintetAppendix 4
1
2
3
4
5

ComposerComposerMr. Dibdin
Luigi Gianella
W. Reeve
Joseph Haydn
I. Braham

Total
13
12
10
10
7

Famous Composer
Joseph Haydn
Lde Beethoven
W. A. Mozart

Total
10
2
1

Appendix 5 Musical Instrument
Musical Instrument
Vocal
Piano
ViolinCelloHarp
B Tenor Flute
Flute
Harpsichord
German Flute
Viola
BassoonHorn
Oboe
Tambourine
Triangle

Total
147
91
45
45
24
20
18
18
7
6
6
1
1
1
1

Publisher

Publisher
J. DaleR. Birchall
Monzani & Hill Music Sellers to His Majesty
Longman & Broderip
Clementi & Co.
Mr. Dibdin
Goulding Phipps & D'Almine
L. Lavenu
Longman, Clementi & Co.
Goulding & Co.

City
LondonLondonLondonLondonLondonLondonLondonLondonLondonLondon- 96 -

Total
29
20
18
17
15
13
12
11
10
10

Main Appearance
134
69
5
14
19
8
11
3