Overview of FAA
Alternative Jet Fuel
Activities

By:

Dr. Jim Hileman
Chief Scientist and Technical Advisor for
Environment and Energy
Office of Environment and Energy
Federal Aviation Administration

To:

Biomass R&D Technical Advisory
Committee, Washington D.C.

Date:

August 14, 2013Federal Aviation
Administration

Aviation Environmental Challenges
NOISE

AIR QUALITY

WATER QUALITY

ENERGYGLOBAL CLIMATE•

Aviation impacts community noise, air quality, water quality, energy
usage, and climate change•Environmental impacts from aviation could pose a critical constraint oncapacity growth•

Alternative jet fuels could reduce the environmental impact of aviation:–Carbon neutral growth by 2020 compared to 2005–

1 billion gallons of renewable jet fuel in use by aviation by 2018–

Absolute reduction of significant air quality impacts, notwithstanding aviation growthFederal Aviation
Administration

2

United States Climate Action Plan for Aviation
The U.S. is pursuing a multi-pronged approach to address
greenhouse gas emissions from aviation• Aircraft and Engine TechnologyImprovement• Operational Improvements• Alternative Fuels Development andDeployment• Policies, Environmental Standards,
and Market Based Measures• Scientific Understanding ThroughResearch, Modeling and Analysis

U.S. Climate Action Plan for Aviation is available at:
http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/apl/environ_policy_guidance/policy/media/Aviation_Greenhouse_Gas_Emissions_Reduction_Plan.pdf

Federal Aviation
Administration

3

Challenges for Alternative Jet Fuels• Feedstock Availability• Competitive cost for alternative fuel• Approved for performance/safety• Environmentally sustainable• Commercially produced
Federal Aviation
Administration

4

Coordinating USG Efforts across Supply Chain
Facilitating Deployment and InvestmentFeedstock
Logistics

FuelConversionConversion
Process Scaleup/Integration

Fuel Testing/Approval
FuelPerformance

Environment
Assmt

Agriculture: Biomass Crop
Assistance Program & Crop
Insurance Program

Energy &Defense:
R&D grants

Agriculture& Energy:
R&D grants

FAA &Defense:
C/Q Fuel
testing

FAA,
Defense, &NASA:
EnviroAnalysis

Feedstock
Production

Agriculture: Feedstock
Development Center Grants

EnableProduction

End User/
Buyer

Agriculture,
Navy, &Energy:
Defense
Production
Act and
Biorefinery
ProgramDefense &Airlines:
fuelpurchase
FAA:
Guidance
for Airports

EPA:
Renewable
FuelStandard

Federal Aviation
Administration

5FAA Areas of Focus in Alternative Fuels

Feedstock
Development& Production

Feedstock
Logistics

FAA

FuelConversion

Conversion
Process Scaleup/Integration

Fuel Testing/Approval
FuelPerformance

Environment
Assmt



High level description of agency effort:• Fund Certification/Qualification testing to inform
ASTM approval• Environmental & cost analysis• Government & Industry coordination &cooperation• Additional support and studiesPrimary Activity
Secondary Activity

EnableProduction

End User/Buyer

BAA foralternative jet fuelFederal Aviation
Administration6

Alternative Jet Fuel Pathways
Industrial Waste Gases

Biomass and Fossil Feedstocks
Sugar
Extraction

Oil Extraction

Pyrolysis
Gasification

Bio-OilHydroprocessing

SyngasFischerTropschSynthesis

Hydroprocessing

BiologicalConversion

SugarsOils &Esters

Biological
Conversion

Fermentation
Aqueous
Phase
Processing

Hydroprocessing
Hydroprocessing

Alcohol
Dehydration &Oligomerization

Alternative Jet Fuel and Blending Components
Federal Aviation
Administration

7

Current FAA Alternative Jet Fuel Activities• Testing Material compatibility
 Certification / Qualification
 Emissions measurements• Analysis
 Environmental sustainability Techno-economic analysis
 Future scenarios• Coordination
 Interagency
 State & Regional International

Federal Aviation
Administration

8

Current FAA Alternative Jet Fuel Activities• Testing Material compatibility
 Certification / Qualification
 Emissions measurements• Analysis
 Environmental sustainability Techno-economic analysis
 Future scenarios• Coordination
 Interagency
 State & Regional International

Federal Aviation
Administration

9

How a Fuel Gets Approved (ASTM D4054)

Specification
Properties

Fit-For-Purpose
Properties

Component/Rig
TestingEngine/APU
Testing

ASTM
Review

Accept& Ballot

RejectASTM
ResearchReport

Re-EvalAs Required

ASTMSpecification

ASTM D7566
RevisionASTM Balloting
Process

FAA & OEM Review& Approval
Federal Aviation
Administration

10Alternative Jet Fuels Test Matrix
Synthetic Kerosene
w/ Aromatics

5100 gallon

4 / 6.1

1-gallon
10-gallons
20-gallons

6.3

40-gallons
50-gallons
6.3 / 6.4

6.3 / 6.4

100-gallons
6,500-gallons
131-9[B]400-gallons
e.g. TPE331-10
150-gallons
5000 gallons
e.g. HTF 7000
120,000-gallons

6.3 / 6.4

Catalytic
Hydrothermolysis

Fermentation
Olig/hydro/CatalFermentation
Olig/hydroHydrotreatedDepolymerized
Cellulosic Jet

Fermentation

Catalysis ofSugars

Fuel Production
Lab TestingLab Testing

USAF
USAF

Cold Fuel
Atomizer Plugging
Atomizer Spray
USAF& Check ValveAPU Cold and
USAF
Altitude Starting

USAF
FAA
USAF
FAA

USAF
USAF
FAA
USAF
Navy
USAF
Navy

FAA

Combustor Rig

FAA

FAA

FAA

Virent

UOP
USAF

USAF

USAF

USAF

USAF

USAF

FAA

FAA

FAA

FAA

FAA

FAA

FAA

FAA

FAA

USAF

FAA

FAA

FAA

FAA

FAA

LanzaTech /Swedish Biofuels

USAF

USAF
FAA

FAA

Cobalt / US Navy

USAF

USAF

USAF
FAA
FAA

UOP

FAA (UOP)

USAF

FAA

Synthetic
KeroseneSK

FAA (LT/Swed Bio)
FAA

FAA

Gevo

HEFA w/ Renewable
Aromatics

Direct Sugar toHydrocarbon
DSHC

Amyris / Total

Research Report

KiOR-Logos

EERC

UOP

Shell

Test

Sasol

Total Fuel
Quantity
Required for
Evaluation

Syntroleum

ExampleProducers
FRL
Level

Research Report

LanzaTech /Swedish Biofuels

Gasification/FT &Hydroprocessing

Research Report

Byogy

Deoxygenation /Hydroprocessing

ATJ-SPK-

ARA-Readijet

Gasification/FT
Hydroprocessing

ATJ-SKA-

UOP

ProcessCH

Cellulose to
Hydrocarbon
HDCJ

Alchol-to-Jet

HEFA-SKA

Shell / Virent

FT-SKA
Research Report

Sasol

HEFA
Annex A2

Neste

FT-SPK
Annex A1

Dynamic Fuels

Acronym
ASTM Status

Algeon / Swift

Synthetic Paraffinic
Kerosene

Genre

FAA
USAF
FAA
USAF

FAA
USAF
FAA
USAF
FAA
USAF

FAA (Virent)

Endurance

USAF

EnginePerf/Oper/Emiss

USAF

USAF
Boeing

FAA
FAA

FAA

USAF

FAA

Combustor Rig

USAF

USAF

FAA

FAA

USAF

FAA

EnginePerf/Oper/Emiss

FAA

Endurance

FAA

T63 engine

Engine Prop&/or Dyno

USAF

USAF

1000-gallons
T55 engine

Combustor Rig

US Army

US ArmyLegendPlanned or completed testing by GE

Test Complete

Planned or completed testing by PW

FundedPlanned or completed testing by RR/LW
Planned or completed testing by Honeywell
Planned or completed testing by AFRL

USAF
U.S. Army••••

Matrix is under development (subject to revision)
Need to add ongoing US Navy testing
Focusing on near-term candidates
Working to streamline process
Federal Aviation
Administration

11

Current FAA Alternative Jet Fuel Activities• Testing Material compatibility
 Certification / Qualification
 Emissions measurements• Analysis
 Environmental sustainability Techno-economic analysis
 Future scenarios• Coordination
 Interagency
 State & Regional International

Federal Aviation
Administration

12

Environmental and Economic Analyses• Environmental analyses

Life Cycle GHG Emissions2– Focus on well-to-wake GHG,
including climate impacts ofcombustion emissions– Results incorporated into ANLGREET model and EPA analysis• Economic analyses– Techno economic analysis thatare coordinated with DoE efforts– Identifying opportunities for cost
reduction– Examining production scenarios

HEFA Cost Structure3• Research being conducted byPARTNER Center of Excellence1
1.
2.
3.

http://partner.mit.edu/projects/environmental-cost-benefit-analysis-alternative-jet-fuels
http://greet.es.anl.gov/files/aviation-lca
http://www.masbi.org/content/assets/MASBI_Report.pdfFederal Aviation
Administration

13

Current FAA Alternative Jet Fuel Activities• Testing Material compatibility
 Certification / Qualification
 Emissions measurements• Analysis
 Environmental sustainability Techno-economic analysis
 Future scenarios• Coordination
 Interagency
 State & Regional International

Federal Aviation
Administration

14

Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative• Public-Private coalition for commercial aviation to engage
the emerging alternative fuels industry• Goal is development of non-petroleum jet fuel production
with:– Equivalent safety & performance (drop-in)– Comparable cost
– Environmental improvement– Security of energy supply for aviation• Enables diverse stakeholders to build relationships, shareand collect data, identify resources, and direct research,development and deployment of alt jet fuels

30 August 2013www.caafi.org

Federal Aviation
Administration

15

CAAFI Comprehensive Approach• Addressing challenges to adoption• Engaging at state/regional & international level
Environmental Team

CertificationQualification TeamLife Cycle GHG,
Particulate Matter,
Sustainability

ASTM D7566

R&D TeamBusiness &Economics Team

Multiple “Dropin” Solutions

Facilitate Deployment,
Investment
Federal Aviation
Administration16

Future FAA Alternative Jet Fuel Activities
FAA CoEprogram(UniversityResearch)Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuel &Environment• Continues research carried out by PARTNER CoE• Ten technical areas – include feedstock, infrastructure• Address strategic needs and gaps
• Solicitation closed and evaluations are complete• On schedule to have center operational in 2013
Continuous Lower Energy, Emissions and Noise(CLEEN) II• CLEEN I: 2010-2015 effort• CLEEN II: solicitation 2014; start May 2015-2020.
• Reduce aircraft fuel burn, emissions and noise & advance
Alternative Jet Fuels

Federal Aviation
Administration17

Observations• Government & Industry leadership has led tosignificant successes– Drawing focus to aviation– Aerospace manufacturers acceptance of alt fuels– ASTM approvals of two alt jet fuels– Inclusion of alt jet fuels in life-cycle models (GREET)– Increased interagency coordination & collaboration• Near term next steps– Continued Testing & Analysis– Coordinate Domestic and International Stakeholders– Facilitate State & Regional Deployment
Federal Aviation
Administration

18

Closing Thoughts:• Alternative jet fuels are a keycomponent of FAA strategy inmeeting environmental goals• FAA efforts are directed toovercoming key challenges via
testing, analysis andcoordination• CAAFI, a public-private
partnership, helping tocatalyze promising, renewable
jet fuel technologies
Federal Aviation
Administration

19

Thank you

Dr. Jim Hileman
Chief Scientific and Technical Advisor for
Environment and Energy
Office of Environment and Energy,
Federal Aviation Administration
Email: james.hileman@faa.gov

Federal Aviation
Administration

20