ISSN 0031-0204

fJ~~~±~~~.~·!c.t
T ransa~tions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New SeriesNo. 122

Palaeontological Society of JapanJul y 15, 1981

Itaru HAYAMI and Ikuwo OBATA
Co-Editors
Associate editors Teruya UYENO and Tomowo OZAWA

Officers for 1981--1982
President: Tetsuro HANAI
Councillors: Kazuo ASAMA, Kiyotaka CHINZEI, Takashi HAMADA, Tetsuro HANAI,
Yoshikazu HASEGAWA, Itaru HAYAMI, Hisayoshi IGO, Junji ITOIGAWA, Tadao
KAMEl, Tatsuaki KIMURA, Ikuwo OBA TA, Tsunemasa SAITO, Tsugio SHUTO,
Yokichi TAKA YANAGI, Toshimasa T ANAl
Members of Standing Committee:

Kazuo ASAMA (Finance), Kiyotaka CHINZEI (General

Affairs), Takashi HAMADA (Membership), Itaru HAY AMI (Transactions), Hisayoshi IGO (Foreign Affairs),

Tatsuaki KIMURA (Planning),

Ikuwo

OBATA

(Transactions), Tsugio SHUTO (Special Papers), Yokichi TAKA YANAGI ("Fossils")
Secretaries:

Kazuhiko UEMURA (Finance), Toshiyuki YAMAGUCHI (General Affairs),

Teruya UYENO and Tomowo OZAWA (Transactions), Hisaharu IGO (Planning),
Ienori FUJIYAMA and Juichi YANAGIDA (Special Papers), Kunihiro ISHIZAKI("Fossils")
Auditor:Kenji KURIHARA

The fossil on the cover is an adult example (T. TAKAHASHI colI.) of

Mikasaites orbicularis MATSUMOTO (subfamily Marshallitinae, family
Kossmaticeratidae) from the Lower Cenomanian (Cretaceous) of theMikasa area, central Hokkaido. (photo by M. NODA, natural size)

All communications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN,
c/o Business Center for Academic Societies,
Yayoi 2-4-16, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.

Trans Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan, N. S., No. 122, pp. 87-104, pIs. 9-11, july 15, 1981

729.

FOSSIL PLANTS FROM THE TAMA AND AZUYAMAHILLS, SOUTHERN KW ANTO, J AP AN*
T A TSUAKI KIMURATokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184

HIROSHI YOSHIYAMA
Hachioji Senior High School, Hachioji, Tokyo 193

and
TAMIKO OHANATokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184

Abstract. From the Oyabe Formation in the Tama Hill and the nearly coeval Bushi
Formation in the Azuyama Hill, Southern Kwanto, we report the occurrence of fossil
plants belonging to Picea, Pinus, Metasequoia, Salix, Juglans, Alnus, Quercus,
Gleditsia, Buxus, Paliurus?, flex and Trapa, and describe them. judging from thefloristic composition, this flora may correspond to the Akashi.type flora of TA"AI(1961). The geological age of this flora may possibly be Plio-Pleistocene.

without fossils (KIMURA et al., 1967). The
tuff bed contains erect stumps, wood andbark fragments, shoots, leaves, nuts, cones,
seeds pollen and spores. Cuticles arepreserved in most leaves.
We feel sure that this plant-bearing
tuff bed belongs to the Oyabe Formation(ca. 40 m thick), the lowest part of theMiura Group (OTUKA, 1932; TOKUNAGA
et al., 1949; FUJIMOTO, 1968; FUJIMOTO
et al., 1961).
We determined the following species
from the Narahara locality: Picea cf.
7Ilaximowiczii REGEL (cone), Pinus jujiii(Y ASUI) M11\: 1 (cones), Metasequoia cf.
glyptostroiJoides Hu and CHENG (cones,
shoots, leaves), Juglans cinerea LI:\TKE
var. megacinerea MIKI (nuts), Quercus sp.
(cuple), Gleditsia cf. japonica MIQUEL

Introductory notes
We collected many fossil plants fromtwo localities in the southern Kwanto:
Narahara, along
theKita-Asakawa,
Hachioji City in Tokyo and Sasai, along
the Irumagawa, Iruma City in Saitama
Prefecture. This paper mentions thegeneral remarks on this flora and deals
with the description of these plants.
(1) The Narahara locality (Fig. 1) was
first found by one of us, YOSHIYAMA in
1967.
He found fossil erect stumps
together with many fossil leaves in a tuff
bed (ca. 1 m thick) covered by a rather
thick and light coloured sandstone bed* Received August 27, 1980; Revised manuscript received :\'Iarch 17, 1981; Read jan. 21,
1977 at Tokyo.
87

88

Tatsuaki KIMURA, Hiroshi YOSHIYAMA and Tamiko OHANA--F~f---t-----;:7-tf-----J5'N

139'E

140"E

0,-._ _ _ _~1,5. km
Fig. 1. Index map; the lower map corresponds to the indicated area in the upper
one. 1; Irumagawa River. 2; Kita-Asakawa
3; Narahara locality.
4; SasaiRiver.
locality. 5; Tama River. 6; Hachioji City.
7; Han-no City.

(spiny branches), BlIxlIs microphylla SIEBOLD and ZUCCARINI var. japonica REHDER
and WILSON (leaves), Palillrus? sp. (leaf),
Trapa macropoda MIKI (fruits) and T.
maximowiczii KORSHINSKY (fruits).
(2) The Sasai locality (Fig. 1) belongs to
the Bushi Formation (FUJIMOTO, 1932 andothers).
According to FUKUDA andT AKANO (1951), the Bushi Formation (6070 m thick) corresponds to the Hirayama
Formation (OTUKA, 1932 and others)
conformably overlying the Oyabe Formation in the Tama Hill. In our opinion
the Bushi Formation is nearly coeval with
the Oyabe Formation or possibly rather
younger.
We determined the following species
from the Sasai locality: Metasequoia
d. glyptostroboides Hu and CHENG (cones,
shoots, leaves), Salix d. integra THUNBERG(leaves), S. sp. (capsules), Alnus d. japonica
SIEBOLD and ZUCCARINI (female spike),!lex cornuta LINDLEY and PAXTON (leaves)and Trapa maximowiczii KORSHINSKY(fruits).
Besides above, SHIMAKURA (1934, '35, '36)
recorded the following woodl remains anda nut from the different localities of theBushi Formation: Taxodioxylon sequoianum
GOTHAN, T. d. sequoianum GOTHAN, T.
sp., Piceoxylon spp., Cupressinoxylon spp.,
Clyptostroboxylon tenerum CONWENTZ, C. ?
sp., BlIxus sp. and a Juglans nut.
By 1948 the late Professor MIKI (1948)
identified 249 plant-species belonging to
156 genera and 76 families from 101
localities in Kinki and its adjacent districts. Afterwards he (1950a) revised thenumbers as 264, 154 and 78, respectively.
Based on his plant-material, MIKI (1948)
proposed the floristic sequence anddiscussed the palaeoclimate and otherfeatures.
In the Osaka Group located in the Kinki
district (about 500 km to the west ofTokyo), the boundary between the Pliocene
and Pleistocene is put at the horizon justbelow 'Ma-1' (KAMEl et al., 1969) (Fig. 2),
based on their reason that the first 'cold'type plants are observed in 'Ma-1' horizon,such as Picea maximowiczii, P. koribai,
Pinus spp., Alnus japonica, Trapella lissa,
Menyanthes tnjoliata in association with
Metasequoia.

729.

Fossil plants from Southern Kwanto

Kasuri Tuff--~~il-Ma7
Sakura Tuff-------

1).
1).

8
0

MaG

1).

0
0

Hatchoike Tuff-- Ma 5

A

0
0

~

~

Ma4

.I.!

:5

E

0

Azuki Tuff -- Ma 3

0

L!)

t'

.,;
u

~

a.
~

...0

Yamada Tuff -- Ma 2
Pink Tuff ------Ma 1

(!)

(/)

0

0

1).

0
0

~

Yellow Tuff __ ~ji_O__

1).

Kamimura Tuff------Ma-1

~

<tl

~

<tl

1).

-

Plio-Pleistocene Boundary Pumice-------

0

nl

I

••
•

89
c:

I/).!!!

c:"tI

n0
l_

~oQ

'") .S!

I
I

I

?

•
•

?

I/)

••
I
•
I

•

I

••
••
•

A : Mammals (mainly elephants) 0 :Molluscs
Ma :Marine clays Broken line :Tuff-beds• :Plants

Fig. 2. Brief columnar section of the Osaka Group (after ISHIDA & YOKOYAMA,in KAMEl et al., 1969), and the stratigraphical ranges of Juglans species in the Osaka
Group (after NIREI, 1969a, b).

According to NIREI (1969a, b), threejuglans species of the Osaka Group havetheir restricted stratigraphic ranges asshown on the right side of Fig. 2.
Judging from the floristic composition,
our flora may correspond to the Akashitype flora of T ANAl (1961) flourished atswampy area under the temperate climate.
We have at present no positive basedating our flora, but judging from thecoexistence of juglans cinerea var. megacinerea and Jvletasequoia our flora may
possibly be correlated with that of thelower part (Plio-Pleistocene age) of the
Osaka Group.
Acknowledgements

We first express our sincere gratitude
to Professor Emeritus Thomas M. HARRIS,
F. R. S. of the University of Reading forhis very helpful suggestions in palaeobotany. We also thank Professor T. TANAIof the Hokkaido University and Dr. K.
UEMURA of the National Science Museum,
Tokyo for their valuable criticisms. This

90

Tatsuaki KIMURA, Hiroshi YOSHIYAMA and Tarnilco OHANA

study was supported in part by the
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research of
the Ministry of Science and Culture (no.
154290-1978).

Systematic description
The cuticles here described were preparedby the maceration with HN0 3 + KCI0 3
followed by diluted KOH. Specimens here
described are kept in the Department of
Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Tokyo
Gakugei University.
Gymnospermae-Coniferales
Family Pinaceae
Genus Picea A. DIETRICH

Picea cf. 7I1axinzowiczii REGEL
PI. 9, Fig. 1; Text·figs. 1a-c

Comparable specimens:
Picea d. maximowiczii REGEL; MI[([, 1941,
p. 255, fig. 5J.
Picea maximowiczii REGEL; MI[([, 1948, p.
Ill, fig. 3G; 1956, p. 450; 1957, p. 241, pI.
5, figs. A-B; fig. 5C.

Material: HAC-2004.
Locality: Narahara.
OCCli rrence : Rare.
Observation: A single cone (Text-fig.
la) is small, ovoid in outline, 2 em longand 1.4 em wide. Its apex is missing. The
cone-scales are obovoid in outline, wedgeshaped at base, without stalk and withthin entire margin as shown in Text-fig.
Ib-c, 10 mm long and 8 mm maximumwide. The bract are small, coming easily
off, leaving its scar on the abaxial baseof each cone-scale. Seeds are unknown.
Remarlzs: Unfortunately, we failed tomake the exact phyllotaxis of this cone
clear. Our cone is similar in form to

Text·figs. 1-3. l. Picea d. maximowiczii
REGEL. 1a; a detached cone (HAC-2004).
1b·c; cone-scales drawn from HAC-20C4, 1b;
adaxial view, Ie; abaxial view, an arrow
indicating the scar of fallen bract scale.
2. Pinus fujiii (Y ASUI) MIKI. 2a; a detachedcone (HAC-2002). 2b-c; a proximal conescale drawn from HAC-2002, 2b; front view,
2c; lateral view, showing an eschtcheonwith hook-like umbo. 3. Metasequoia d.
glyptostroboides Hu and CHENG.
3a-b;detached cones with decussately arranged
cone-scales (HAC-2001A, G), 3c-d; leafcuticle (slide no. IR -2104B) , 3c; upper
cuticle, showing cells with undulated cellwalls, 3d; lower cuticle (a part of a
stomate zone), showing sunken guard cells
and their orientation.

that of Picea 7I1aximolciczii, but smaller insize than those of living ones. So weregard our cone as Picea cf. 7I1axi771owiczii.
Picea latibracteata originally described729. Fossil plants from Southern Kwanto
by MIKI (1957) from the Plio-Pleistocene
plant-beds in Kinki district, resembles P.
11laxi11lowiczii, but it differs from P.
11laxi11lowiczii in its broader cone-scale asshown by its spec fie name, and its broader
bract.
The living Picea maximowiczii is now
restricted in distribution to a small area
in eastern montane area of Nagano
Prefecture and on the slope of Mt. Fuji,
Central Japan.

Genus Pinus LINNE

Pinus densiflora SIEBOLD and ZUCCARINI
and P. thunbergii PARLATORE, bothgrowing wild in Japan and korea. But
Pinus jujiii is distinguished from P.
densiflora by its broad cone-scales and its
expanded umbo, and from P. thunbergii
by its hook-like umbo.

Family Taxodiaceae
Genus Metasequoia MIKI ex
Hu and CHENG
Metasequoia d. glyptostroboides

Pinus jujiii (Y ASur) MIKI

Hu and CHENG

PI. 9, Figs. 2-3; Text-figs. 2a-c

PI. 9, Figs. 4-6; PI. 10, figs. 1-3;
Text-figs. 3a-d

Pinites fujiii YASUI: YASUI, 1928, p. 431, pis.
20-21, text-fig. 12.
Pinus fujiii (Y ASUI) MIKI: MIKI, 1939, p. 244(nomenclature); 1941, p. 255, pI. 4, fig.
G; fig. 5K-M; 1957, p. 250, pI. 7, figs.
H-K; fig. 7B; TANAI, 1961, p. 255, pI. 2,
fig. 9; pI. 3, fig. 10.

iV/aterial: HAC-2002, 2003.
Locality: Narahara.
Occurrence: Rather rare.
Observation: Two incomplete cones(PI. 9, figs. 2-3; Text-fig. 2a) were obtained. The cones are ovate in form,
3.5-4.5 em long and 2 em maximumacross measured on compressed surface,and stipitate. The conescales (Text-fig.
2b) are elongate-rectangular in form,
1.2-1.3 em long and 4-6 mm wide at
middle and with an expanded andthickened apex forming a flattenedrhomboidal escutcheon with hook-likeumbo (Text-fig. 2c). Bractscales and seeds
are unknown.
Remarks: Our cones are referable tothose of Pinus jujiii described by previous
authors from the Pliocene and the
Miocene in Japan. The cone character ofthis species resembles those of living

91

Material: HAC-200l and many others.
Localities: Narahara and Sasai.
Occurrence:
Very abundant (cones,
leafy twigs and needles).
Observation: The cones (PI. 9, Figs. 46; Text-figs. 3a-d) are short-cylindricalor elliptic in side-view, 1.6-1.8 em longand 0.9-1.3 em across, consisting of 16-20
cone-scales. The cone-scales are decussately arranged, 2-4 mm high (mean 3 mm)
and 7-13 mm wide (mean 10 mm). The
peduncles are mostly missing and no seedis preserved on the cone-scales. The
deciduous shoots are with distichous andpectinate leaves. The leaves are linear
and mostly obtuse at apex, 0.7-1.1 emlong and 1 mm wide and with a midnerve
persisting near the tip.
The leaf-cuticle is hypostomatic (PI. 10,
Fig. 1). The upper cuticle (PI. 10, Fig. 2 ;Text-fig. 3c) consists of rectangular normal
cells, typically 56 pm long and 19 pm
wide and with undulate lateral walls.
The cells on a midnerve and along themargins are long and narrow, typically
71 pm long and 16 pm wide with straightcell-walls.

92

Tatsuaki KIMURA, Hiroshi YOSHIYAMA and Tamiko GHANA

The lower cuticle (PI. 10, Fig. 3 ; Textfig. 3d) consists of a pair of stomate
zones and zones of normal cells. The
stomate zone (Text-fig. 3d) consists ofstomata, subsidiary cells and normal cells
which are typically 48,um long and 14,urn wide and with more or less undulate
The stomata are elliptic,
cell-walls.
typically 42,um long and 22,um wide andwith 4-6 subsidiary cells, forming a pit
over the sunken guard cells.
Theapertures are parallel to the mid nerve.
The density of stoma is about 170 per
mm 2 •The normal cells outside thestomate zone are elongate-rectangular,
typically 76 ,urn long and 15 ,urn wide withnearly straight cell-walls. Normal cellson the midnerve are 68,um long and 14,urn wide and with straight cell-walls.
Remarks:
Our cones, shoots andleaves agree well with those of the living
Metasequoia glyptostroboides. But our
cuticle is somewhat different from thatof living species; in ours the normal cellson the mid nerve and the marginal sidesof leaf are straight-walled, while inliving species the normal cell-walls are,so far as our observation is concerned,
usually undulated everywhere. Accordingly we here regard ours as Metasequoia
cf. glyptostroboides.
Our cones, shoots, lea ves and theircuticle resemble those originally describedby MIKI (194l) as Metasequoia disticha(HEER) and M. japonica (ENDO). Metasequoia japonica is, according to MIKI
(1941), characterized by its cones withnarrow and smaller number of cone-scales.
However, we think both are conspecific,
because it is considered that the cones
with narrow and small number of conescales fall within the range of variance.
CHANEY (1950) made two combinationsof Metasequoia, M. occidentalis (NEWBERRY)
and M. cuneata (NEWBERRY). According
CHRISTOPHEL (1976), Metasequoia
tocuneata is con specific with M. occidentalis.
Outside Japan,

nearly all the fossil

Metasequoia specimens except the Russianones, were descrebed under the name of
M. occidentalis (for further details, see
CHANEY, 1950; SCHLOEMER-JAGER, 1958;
BROWN, 1962; SCHWEITZER, 1974; CHANDRASEKHARAM, 1974; CHRISTOPHEL, 1976).
The Russian specimens have mostly been
regarded as Metasequoia disticha by the
Russian authors.
T ANAl (1961) adopted Metasequoia
occidentalis for the Japanese specimens
instead of M. disticha, by the reason that
MIKI'S specific name disticha was derived
from HEER'S Sequoia disticha based on thefoliage shoots, and M. disticha on thebasis of cones was, in his opinion, doubtful
to be correctly coincided with HEER'S
original specimens.
Our cones, shoots and leaves also
resemble thos~ regarded as Metasequoia
occidentalis, but we reserve the fullcomparison between ours and A1. occidental is, because, so far as we know, theleaf-cuticles have not been described in
the leaves regarded as M. occidentalis.
Angiospermae-Dicotyledonae
Family Salicaceae
Genus Salix LINNE

Salix cf integra THUNBERG
PI. 10, Figs. 4-5; Text·figs. 4a-c

Material: IR-4101 and many others.
Locality: Sasai.
Occurrence: Locally very abundant.
Observation: Many broken leaves wereobtained. They are elongate-oblong inform, typically 3.5 em long and 1.4 em
maximum-wide and with finely serrate
margins (Text-fig. 4a). The midnerve isarcuate. Secondary nerves arise at an

729. Fossil plants from Southern Kwanto
angle of 40-50 degrees, then bending
upwards near the margin.
Tertiary
nerves are nearly perpendicular to thesecondary ones, sometimes forking incourse. Quaternary nerves are mostly
inconspicuous (PI. 10, Fig. 4) and nearly
perpendicular to the tertiary ones. Ultimate
vein lets are free (Text-fig. 4b).
The cuticle is hypostomatic. The upper
cuticle (PI. 10, Fig. 4) consists of normal
cells and elongate vein cells. Normal cells
are pentagonal or hexagonal in form, 915 pm in diameter. The lower cuticle(PI. 10, Fig. 5; Text-fig. 4c) consists ofstomata, normal cells and elongate vein
cells. A stoma consists of guard cells
and paired subsidiary cells (brachyparacytic, after DILCHER, 1974). Stomata aresmall-sized, irregular in orientation andcrowded, about 240 per mm 2 in density.
Guard cells are sunken, 7-10 pm long and
3-4 pm wide. Normal cells are narrower
than those of upper ones, 10-30 pm longand 7-10 pm wide. No hair is found on
both surfaces.
Remarks: Among more than 300 living
Salix species, our leaves resemble Salix
integra THUNBERG in their leaf-form andcuticle, but our normal cells and stomata
are larger in size than those of living S.
integra as shown in Text-figs. 4c and 4e
for comparison.
It seems to be difficult to distinguish
Salix species depending on their cuticles,
because they are often similar and wemerely designate our leaves as Salix cf.
integra. In addition, Salix species bear
various hybrids each other to make thespecific distinction difficult, as well seenamong the living Salix species.
In Japan, the first record of fossil leaves
like the living Salix integra was made by
HUZIOKA (1952) from the Miocene of
Hokkaido.
According to MIKI (1953), Salix leaves
occur locally or sporadically in the Plio-

93

1\/1
'[vt _\!J

5alJ) 5b

~

O.5cm

4a

4c

100pm

4e

Text·figs. 4-5. 4a·c. Salix d. integra
THUNBERG. 4a; an incompletely preserved
leaf OR-410l). 4b; detailed venation drawn
from IR-4l0l (s; secondary nerves, t;tertiary nerves). 4c; lower cuticle drawn
from IR-4l01. 4d-e. Living Salix integra
THUNBERG (for comparison) (cultivated in
the campus of Tokyo Gakugei University).
4d; detailed venation. 4e; lower cuticle,(guard cells are sunken). 5a-e. Salix sp.
(capsules) (IR-4002).

Pleistocene plant-beds in Japan. To be
sure, Salix leaves or fruits have not beenfound from Narahara, although its pollen
grains are fairly abundant.

94

Tatsuaki KIMURA, Hiroshi YOSHIYAMA and Tamiko OHANA
Salix sp.
PI. 10, Fig. 6; Text-figs. 5a-c

Material: IR-4002 and mony others.
Locality: Sasai.
Occurrence: Locally abundant.
Observation:
A good number ofdetached Salix capsules as shown in PI.
10, Fig. 6 is obtained. Capsule is as awhole short-Ian ceo late in side-view, witha short stalk, 0.5 mm long and 0.3 mm
across (Text-fig. 5a), and deeply divided
into two parts. Apical half of each partis tapering to the pointed apex andsometimes refiexed outwards as shown in
Text-figs. 5b-e.
Remarks: Our capsules resemble ingeneral form those of several living
Salix species or possibly a Toisusu
species in Japan, But the capsules ofliving Salix integra are far smaller in size
than ours.
It is impossible to determine our capsules
specifically, because their stigmas andhairs which are taxonomically usefulappendages, are all missing. Very likely
our capsules belong to Salix d. integra,
being in close association with the leaves
in occurrence. However, we here regard
them as Salix sp. because of lacking any
positive proof of their attribution.

Family Juglandaceae
Genus juglans LINNE
juglans cinerea LINNE var.
megaciner2a MIKI
PI. 9, Figs. 7-9; Text-figs. 6a-b
Juglans cinerea LINNE: KRYSHTOFO\·ICH,
1915, p. 21, pI. 1, figs. 3-7; HAYASAKA,
1926, p. 55, pI. 5; ENDO, 1933, p. 305, figs.
1-9; 1934a, p. 62, pI. 3; 1934b, p. 374;
1934c, p. 345, pis. 42-43; 1954, pI. 1, figs.
2-3; SIIIlvIAKURA, 1935, p. 45, fig. 2; MIKI,

1936, p. 170, fig. 2A; 1937, p. 310, pI. 8,
fig. 1; fig. 2A; 1941, p. 265, fig. 9F;
ONISHI, 1940, p. 78, fig. 2; OKT.;TSU, 1955,
p. 83, pI. 8, figs. 1-3.
Juglans megacinerea CHANEY: MIlG, 1953, p.
127, fig. 17F.
Juglans megacinerea LINNE: KOKAWA, 1955,
pI. 1, figs. 1-3.
Juglans cinerea LINNE var. megacinerea(CHANEY) MIKI: MIlG, 1955, p. 133, pI.
2, fig. A; fig. 28; TAKAI, 1961, p. 274,
pI. 6, figs. 1-2, 7; NIREI, 1975, p. 34, pI.
1, figs. 6-12; text-figs. 3-4.

Material: HAC-400l-4005 and manyothers.
Locality: Narahara.
Occurrence: Abundant.
Observation: Many nut remains wereobtained. They are represented mostly
by the valve separated by its suturalplane, but sometimes by the complete nut,
although more or less crushed. The
nuts (PI. 9, Figs. 7-9) are oblong -ovoid in
outline, 5.5-6.8 cm long and 2.7-3.2 cm
maximum-wide, acuminated at apex androunded at base. Ribs are prominent,
typically 8 in number, about 5 mm deep,
with marked sculptures. In cross section,
there are 8 or more lacunae in the endocarp around a loculus (Text-figs. 6a-b).
Remarks: Our nuts agree well withthose described by previous authors under
the names of juglans cinerea, ]. 17legacinerea or ]. cinerea var. magacinerea.
According to NIREl'S detailed study on
the walnut (1975), juglans cinerea var.
megacinerea is safely distinguishable fromfossil and living]. cinerea by the numberof lacunae (viz. 4 in ]. cinnea, while 6-10
in var. megacinerea) and the nut-size.
According to T ANAl's suggestion, we
removed the author's name '(CHANEY),
from this variety, because we could not
find CHANEY'S reference to this variety.
It would be better to regard this variety
as ranking with a distinct species because

729. Fossil plants from Southern Kwanto
Sr

Sr
6a
La

Mr

""

,
7a

~
7c

lcm

'lcm

•

7d

7b

•

8a

7e

Bb

'-------'

lcm

Text·figs. 6-S. 6a-b. Juglans cinerea
LI:-;:-IE var. megacinerea MIlO.
6a; anequatorial cross section of a fairly deformed
valve. 6b; a cross section of the same valve
just below its equator (HAC-4004B) (D;dissepimentum, L; loculus, La; lacuna, Mr;
main rib, Sr; subrib, Ca; canal).
7a-c.
Alnus d. japonica SIEBOLD and ZUCCARINI.
7a; a detached female-spike (lR-4001A).
7b-c; a scale drawn from IR-4001A, 7b;
abaxial view, 7c; adaxial view. 7d-e. Living
Alnus japonica SIEBOLD and ZUCCARINI; ascale (for comparison) (collected from themontane area of Tokyo), 7d; abaxial view,
7e; adaxial view. S. Quercus sp. (cuple)(HAC-4012). Sa; lateral view, Sb; outersurface view.

95

Locality: Sasai.
Occurrence: Rather rare.
Observation: Four detached femalespikes were obtained. The female-spikes(PI. 9, Fig. 10; Text-fig. 7a) are oval inside-view, 1.3-1.7 cm long and 0.7-1.0 cm
maximum-wide and with a large numberof spirally arranged scales. The scales(Text-figs. 7b-c) are fan- or wedge-shaped
and their apical halves are divided into 5
lobes, among which a central one islarger in size than others and with asmall projection at apex.
Remarks: Our spikes, especially having
5 lobed scales, resemble those of living
Alnus japonica growing wild mainly on
swampy areas in Japan, Korea, Northeast
China and Ussuri. So far as we know,
except Alnus japonica (Text-figs. 7d-e forcomparison), there is no living Alnus
species having 5 lobed scales in Japan andadjacent areas.
We, however, here
reserve the full specific identity of our
spikes to living species, because our spikes
are smaller in size than those of living
species (1.5-2 cm long and 9-15 mm wide)
and the specimens at hand are too small
in number for satisfactory comparison.

Family Fagaceae
Genus Quercus LIC\'NE

of its number of lacunae and nut-size.
However, here we would like to keep it
as a variety of Juglans cinerea, until its
vegetative organs are known.
Family Betulaceae
Genus Alnus GAERTNER
Alnus cf. japonica SIEBOLD

and ZUCCARINI
PI. 9, Fig. 10; Text-figs. 7a-c

Alaterial:

IR-4001 A-D.

Quercus sp.
PI. 9, Fig. 11; Text-figs. Sa-b

Material: HAC-4012.
Locality: Narahara.
Occurrence: Rare.
Observation: A single detached cuple
was obtained. Cuple (PI. 9, Fig. 11) issmall, shallow-cup-like in form, S.5 mm indiameter and 2.5 mm high, and with thin
margin. Its outer surface is densely
ornamented with the imbricated minor
scales as shown in Text-figs. Sa-b.

96

Tatsuaki KIMURA, Hiroshi YOSHIYAMA and Tamiko OHANA

Remarks.' The outer ornamentation of
our cuple resembles those of such living
oaks in Japan as Quercus phillyraeoides
A. GRAY, Q. serrata THUNBERG and Q.
crispula BLU~IE. Among them, our cuple
is most close to that of Quercus serrata
growing wild in Japan and Korea, owing
to its shallow-cup-like form.

Accordingly we prefer to regard our
specimens as Gleditsia d. japonica.
The spiny branches illustrated by MIKI
(1938, fig. 2Ka, b) agree well with thoseof living Gleditsia japonica. Gleditsia d.
macrocantha DESFONT AINES illustrated
by MIKI (1941) is an allid form to G. d.
japonica in its large-sized spiny branches.

Family Leguminosae

Family Buxaceae

Genus Gleditsia LINNE

Genus Buxus LINNE

Gleditsia d. japonica MIQUEL

Buxus microphylla SIEBOLD and
ZUCCARINI var. japonica

PI. 9, Fig. 12; Text·fig. 9aComparable specimens.'
Gleditsia horrida MAKINO (non WILLDENOW) :MIKI, 1936, p. 171, figs. A-E.
Gleditsia japonica MIQUEL: MUG, 1937, p.
318, figs. 6A-E (=G. horrida MAKINO in
MIKI, 1936) ; 1938, fig. 5F.

Material.' HAC-4015, 4016.
Locality.' Narahara.
Occurrence.' Rare.
Observation.' The specimens found aredetached main-spines bearing subopposite
branch-spines at 45 degrees. The main
spine is 2 mm across up to its second
branch when it is more slender. Its apex
is broken. The branch-spines are 2 mm
wide below and 10-23 mm long and taper
to sharp points.
They are slightly
decurrent basally and the main spine has
longitudinal striations.
Remarks.' Our spiny branches, thoughsmall fragments, agree in general outline
with those illustrated by MIKI (1936, '37,'38) from the Stegodon and Elephas bedsof Akashi and Katada (for further details,
see MIKI, 1938), as Gleditsia japonica
MIQUEL. But they differ from those ofliving Gleditsia japonica in having longer
and stouter spinY-branches. Text-fig. 9bshows some spiny branches of living
Gleditsia
japonicaforcomparison.

REHDER and WILSON
PI. 9, Fig. 13; PI. 11, Figs. 1-4;
Text·figs. 10a-d
Buxus japonica MUELLER·AARGAU : Muo, 1936,
p. 20, figs. 7A-B; 1937, p. 320, figs. 7A-B;
1941, p. 281, fig. 16D ; TAKAHASHI, 1954,
p. 60, pI. 7, figs. 13a-g.

Material.' HAC-4101-4104.
Locality.' Narahara.
Occurrence.' Rather rare.
Observation.' Four detached leaves wereobtained. They (PI. 9, Fig. 13; Text-fig.
lOa) are small, 1-1.7 cm long and 0.7-0.9
cm wide, elliptic or obovate in outline,
rounded or emarginate at apex, acute or
attenuate at base. and shortly petiolate.
The mid-primary nerve is stout, nearlystraight and sending off about 15 pairsof rather slender secondaries at an angleof 50-60 degrees.
A pair of lateralprimary nerves is thinner than the midprimary nerve, originating from thepetiole, then each forming an intramarginal nerve. Secondaries are mostly
parallel to each other, then dichotomously
forking twice or thrice, straight orcurving and finally joining the intramarginal nerve. Tertiaries are mostly
distinct but slender, diverging at anacute angle from the secondaries,729. Fossil plants from Southern Kwanto

97----- imn -~~~!----- rim----lOd
0
190 IJm9b,-----,

lcm

1cm

1
Text·figs. 9-10. 9a. Gleditsia cf. japonica MIQUEL; a deformed spiny branch (HAC-40l5).
9b. Living Gleditsia japonica MIQUEL; a spiny branch (for comparison) (cultivated at KodairaCity, Tokyo). lOa-d. Buxus microphylla SIEBOLD and ZUCCARINI var. japonica REHDER andWILSON. lOa; a detached leaf and its venation (HAC-4lO2). lOb; upper cuticle (slide no. HAC4l02S). IDe; lower cuticle, showing anomocytic subsidiary cells (slide no. HAC-4lO2S). 10d;
marginal cells, forming a 'rim' (right side, indicated as rim) and venous cells (dotted lines) of
an intra-marginal nerve (left side, indicated as imn) ; marginal cells are thick and their margins
are lying one upon another. lOe-f. Living Buxus microphylla SIEBOLD and ZUCCARIi'I var. japonica
REHDER and WILSON; cuticle (for comparison) (cultivated in Tokyo). IDe; upper cuticle. 10f;
lower cuticle, showing anomocytic subsidiary cells.

irregularly forking, ending freely inintercostal area and not forming areole,although they are often joining. The
leaf-margin is entire, forming a very
narrow and nerveless 'rim' all around,consisting of the aggregation of thickwalled cells.
The cuticle is hypostomatic, both theupper and the lower cuticles are thick.
The upper cuticle (PI. 11, Fig. 1; Text-fig.
lOb) consists of normal cells which arepentagonal-hexagonal in outline andnearly isodiametric, 15-40!lm in diameter.
The lower cuticle (PI. 11, Fig. 2; Textfig. 10c) consists of stomata and normal

cells similar in form to those of theupper cuticle. Stomata are circular inoutline, typically 38!lm in diameter,
scattered evenly, about 120 per mm 2 indensity, their apertures are irregularly
oriented. Subsidiary and encircling cells
are indistinct, anomocytic (after DILCHER,
1974). Marginal cells forming the 'rim'
are thick isodiametric, 25!lm in diameter
and with rather thickened cell-walls asshown in PI. 11, Figs. 3-4 and Text--fig.
10d.
Remarks.Among about 70 living
Buxus species and their varieties, ourleaves are just like those of Buxus micro-

98

Tatsuaki KIMURA, Hiroshi YOSHIYAMA and Tamilco OHANA

phylla var. japonica externally redefinedby HATUSIMA (1942) in leaf-form, sizeand venation. In addition, our cuticle islike those of living Buxus microphyllavar. japonica, too (Text-figs. 10e-f forcomparison).
Buxus microphylla var. japonica resembles B. protojaponica originally described by T ANAl and ONOE (1961) fromthe Upper Miocene of Japan, and recently
reexamined by UEMURA (1979) based upon
many fossil leaves with his detailed
cuticular observation. However, Buxus
microphylla var. japonica is possibly distinguished from B. protojaponica by its
almost glabrous habit, instead of having
unicellular hairs both on the petiole andbasal leaf-margins in B. protojaponica.
Our leaves are indistinguishable fromthose described by MIKI and TAKAHAsHI
under the name of Buxus japonica shownin synonymy in their leaf-form, size andcuticles, although they are glabrous or
not is uncertain.
Buxus microphylla var. japonica issimilar in leaf-form, venation and cuticle
to B. corchika PO]ARK, B. pliocenica
SAPORTA and MARISON and B. sempervirens LINNE known from the Tertiary ofEurasia. Their brief comparison was
already carried oun by UEMURA (1979).

Family Rhamnaceae
Genus Paliurus MILLER

12e ~50o.5em.------,

',:
lem

I-Im

.100l-lm

.,

,,
,,
,,
,

\...

'----'

,
,,
,,

..

./

.-

11

Text-figs. 11-12. 11. Paliurus? sp.; abroken leaf (HAC-41058). 12a-b. Ilex cornuta LINDLEY and PAXTON. 12a; a broken
small-sized leaf with a spine at its apex;
high ordered nerves are invisible (IR-4004).
12b; upper cuticle (slide no. IR-4004S). 12c;
lower cuticle, showing the stomata withnearly staurocytic subsidiary cells (slide no.
IR-4004S). 12d; cells between leaf-margin(right edge) and venous area of an intramarginal nerve (slide no. IR-4004S). 12e.
Living Osmanthus aquifolium SIEBOLD and
ZUCCARINI (for comparison) (cultivated in
the campus of Tokyo Gakugei University) ;lower cuticle, showing the stomata withparacytic subsidiary cells.

temperate sea-side. However, this leaf is
too incomplete to make the specificdetermina tion.

Paliurus? sp.
Text-fig. 11

Family Aquifoliaceae

Material.- HAC-4105B.
Locality.- Narahara.
Occurrence.- Rare.
Remarks.- A single broken lenf was
obtained. Judging from its three strong
nerves originating at the top of petiole,
this leaf may belong to the genus
Paliurus now growing wild along warm-

Genus flex LINNE
flex cornuta LINDLEY and PAXTON
PI. 11, Figs. 5-7; Text-figs. 12a-d
Ilex conlUta LINDLEY and PAXTON: MIKJ,
1937, p. 320, pI. 9, figs. 7F-H; 1938, p.
224, fig, 6E.

729. Fossil plants from Southern Kwanto
Material: IR-4003, 4004.
Locality:
Sasai. Occu rrence : Rare.
Observation: Two detached leaves wereobtained. The larger one is 5 cm longand 2.4 cm wide, the smaller one (Textfig. 12a), 1.3 cm long and 0.6 cm wide.
They are elliptic with a single shortapical spine and with a base narrowed
to the petiole. The primary nerve isstrong, appearing slightly sinuous andpersisting to the apical spine. A pair oflateral primary nerves originates at the
top of the petiole, running inside of eachmargin to form a strong intra-marginalnerve and joining the central primary
nerve in the apical spine. Four-five pairsof secondaries originate alternately at anangle of about 55 degrees. They fork
widely near the margin. Each branchforms a loop with an adjoining one asshown in Text-fig. 12a. The small nerves
between the secondaries are indistinct
because of ill-preservation.
Cuticle is hypostomatic. The upper
cuticle (PI. 11, Fig. 5; Text-fig. 12b) consists of irregular-shaped normal cellswith strongly undulate cell-walls, 12 pm
X 35 pm in mean-size. Lower cuticle (PI.
11, Fig. 6; Text-fig. 12c) consists ofstomate-complexes and normal cells.
Stomata are evenly distributed, about 300
per mm 2 in density, except the marginal'rim' outside the intra-marginal nerve andthe spine. Guard cells are neither sunken
nor raised, randomly oriented, 20 pm X 32
pm in mean-size and are surrounded by
4 subsidiary cells. The subsidiary cells
are narrow and more or less equal in size,
and their anticlinal walls extend at rightangle from the poles and middle of theguard cells (nearly staurocytic, after
DILCHER, 1974). Lower normal cells are
generally smaller in size than upper ones,
10 pmx25 pm in mean-size and withstrongly undulate cell-walls. The area
between the leaf-margin and the venous

99

region of an intra-marginal nerve consistsof rectangular and tetragonal cells varying
in size with nearly straight or slightly
undulate cell-walls, forming cell-files
consisting of 1-2 cell-rows of about 17 pm
wide as shown in PI. 11, Fig. 7 and Textfig. 12d. Cells on the venous region are
not specialized. So far as our observationis concerned, trichomes or hairs are absent.
Remarks: MIKI (1937) described thevarious leaf-forms and cuticle of thisspecies now growing wild in Northern
China and Southern Korea, from the
Plio-Pleistocene plant beds in Kinki
district. Judging from their form andcuticle, our leaves are referable to someof those described by MIKI (1937, e.g. his
figs. 7Fg-i, Ga-b), although our leaves athand have no lateral spines.
According to MIKI (1937), this species
differs from flex aquifolium LINNE now
growing wild in Europe, Western Asia
and China in its leaf-form and shortpetiole.
Osmanthus aquifolium SIEBOLD and
ZUCCARINI now growing wild in Southwest Japan and China, has various leafform, and some of its leaves resemble ourleaves. However, their cuticles are very
different from one another. flex cornuta
has very sinuous cell-walls and nearlystaurocytic stomata, while Osmanthus
aquifolium (Text-fig. 12e for comparison)
has nearly isodiametric polygonal torounded cells and paracytic stomata.
Family Hydrocaryaceae
Genus Trapa LINNE

Tmpa 111acropoda MIKI
PI. 9, Figs. 14-16; Text·figs. 13a-d
Trcpa macl'opoda MUG: MUG, 1933, p. 625, figs.

3A-B; 1938, pp. 220, 225, figs. 5H, 7B-C;
1952, p. 20, pI. 2, fig. F; figs. lOA-C.

100

Tatsuaki KIMURA, Hiroshi YOSHIYAMA and Tamiko OHANA

13c
Text-figs. 13-14. 13. Trapa macropoda
MIKI. A fruit (HAC-4006A). 13a; upsideview. 13b-c; lateral view. 13d; basal view(uh; upper horn, lh; lower horn). 14.
Trapa maximowiczii KORSHlNSKY. A fruit(IR-4003). 14a; upside view. 14b-c; lateralview. 14d; basal view.

Trapa bicerata MIKI: MIKI, 1938, p. 22S, pI.
4, fig. 1; fig. 7B.

Material: HAC-4006A-Z and manyothers.
Locality: Narahara.
Occurrence: Locally very abundant.
Observation: Typical fruits are large
and have two upper and two lower horns.
The upper horn is thick and conical, andacuminate at apex, being covered withmany fine forwardly directed spines. On
each side of an upper horn, a marked
stipule-like tubercle is seen. The lower
horn is thin, and with a glabrous apex.
The apical corona is tetragonal in form,
with a central tubercle covered with finehairs directed forwards. The calyx-tube
is thick and its surface is ribbed by the
decurrence of horn-midribs thickened atits base.
Remarks: Our fruits agree well withthe original ones of Trapa macropoda
describe dy MIKI in all features. Trapa
1Ilacropoda is distinct in all features fromother Trapa species summarized by MIKI
(1952).
Trapa maximowiczii KORSHINSKY
PI. 9, figs. 17-20; Text-fig. 14a-d

Explanation of Plate 9
Fig. 1. Pice a cf. maximowiczii REGEL; a detached cone (HAC-2004), x 2.
Figs. 2-3. Pinus jujiii (Y ASUl) MIKI; detached cones (Fig. 2; HAC-2003, Fig. 3; HAC-2002), x 2.
Figs. 4-6. Metasequoia d. glyptostroboides Hu and CHENG; detached cones (HAC-200lB-D), x 2.
Figs. 7-9. Juglans cinerea LINNE var. megacinerea MIKI; Fig. 7; surface view, Fig. 8; innerview, Fig. 9; inner view of a deformed valve (Figs. 7-8; HAC-4001, Fig. 9; HAC-400SB),
xl.
Fig. 10. Alnus d. japonica SIEBOLD and ZUCCARIi':I; surface view of a female-spike (IR-4001A),
x2.
Fig. 11. Querclls sp. ; surface view of a detached cuple (HAC-4012), x 2.
Fig. 12. Gleditsia d. japonica MIQUEL; a deformed spiny branch (HAC-401S), xl.
Fig. 13. Buxus microphylla SIEBOLD and ZCCCARI;>;I var. japonica REIIDER and WILSO;-':; adetached leaf (HAC-4l01), x 2.
Figs. 14-16. Trapa macropoda MIKI; fruits. Fig. 14; lateral view, Fig. IS; basal view, Fig. 16;
upside view (HAC-4006B-D), xl.
Figs. 17-20. Trc,pa maximowiczii KORSHIl'SKY; fruits. Figs. 17-18, 20; lateral view, Fig. 19;
upside view (lR-4003A-D), x2.

]{/ MU R A et al . :

1

19

10

Fossil 1Jlants j?'o?n Southern ]{wanto

12

Plate 9

729.

Fossil plants from Southern f{wanto

Trapa maximowiczii KORSHINSKY: MIKI, 1952,
p. 16, figs. 9A-S.

Material :IR-4003A-D and others.
Localities: Narahara and Sasai.
Occurrence: Rather rare.
Observation: The fruits are small andtriangular in side-view as shown in
Text-fig. 14b. The two upper horns arelong and slender. The upper horn islonger than the lower one and directed
forwards and has many fine spines directedbackwards on its apical part. The lower
horns are directed downwards and arewithout spines. The tubercles are fourin number, small, more or less obscure,and distributed around the equatorial partof calyx tube. The central protuberance
is tube-like, with forwardly directed hairson the limb. The caryx tube is smooth,and the scar of peduncle is ring-like but
obscurely preserved.
Remarks: Trapa maximowiczii resembles living T. incisa SIEBOLD and ZucCARINI (or T. natans LINNE var. incisa
MAKINO), but it is distinguished from T.
incisa by the existence of ring-like scarof peduncle and tube-like protuberance.

References
BRow:\" R. W. (1962): Paleogene flora of the
Rocky Mountains and Great Plains. 119
pp., 69 pIs. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 375,
Washington.
CHANEY, R. W. (1951): A revision of fossil
Sequoia and Taxodium in Western North
America based on the recent discovery ofMetasequoia. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.,
vol. 40, pt. 3, p. 17l-263, incl. pIs. 1-12.
CHANDRASEKHARA?vl, A. (1974): Megafossil
flora from the Genesee locality, Alberta,
Canada. Palaeontographica, Abt. B, Bd.
147 (1-3), p. 1-41, pIs. 1-22.
CHRISTOPHEL, D. C. (1976): Fossil floras of
the Smoky Tower locality, Alberta,
Canada. Ibid., Bd. 157 (1-4), p. 1-43, pIs.

101

1-17.
DILCHER, D. L. (1974): Approaches to theidentification of Angiosperm leaf remains.
Bot. Rev., vol. 40, no. 1, p. 1-157.
E1'100, S. (1933):
The American white
walunt or butternut, juglans cinerea L.,from the Upper Pliocene of Japan. jounl.
Washington Acad. Sci., vol. 23, no. 6, p.
305-308.
- - (1934a): Two new localities of fossil
juglans cinerea L. jou rn. Geol. Soc.
Tokyo, vol. 41, no. 485, p. 61-66, pI. 3(in Japanese).
- - (1934b): Extinct plants in the latest
geological age of Japanese Islands. Ibid.,
no. 489, p. 373-376 (in Japanese).
- - (1934c): The butternut (juglans cinerea
L.) from the Upper Pliocene. jap. jounl.
Geol. Geogr., vol. 11, nos. 3-4, p.345-347,
pIs. 42-43.
- - (1954): Notes on the Cainozoic plants ofWest Asia (3-6). Kumamoto jounl. Sci.,
ser. B, no. 4, p. 1-9, pIs. 1-4.
FUJHvlOTO, H. (1932): Geology of Kwanto
District, 4 th Edit. 290 pp. Chukokan,
Tokyo (in japanese).
- - (1968):
Geology in the vicinity ofHachioji City. Trans. Educ. Inst., Private
Sch. japan, no. 3, p. 1-10, 2 figs. (injapanese) .
FUJIMOTO, H., JUEN, S. and HATORj, K. (1961) :Geology of the Tama Hill. 23 pp., 6 pIs.
Educ. Comm. Tokyo (in Japanese).
FUKUDA, O. and TAKANo, T. (1951): Geologyof the Azuyama Hill. journ. Geol. Soc.
japan, vol. 57, no. 674, p. 459-472 (inJapanese) .
HATUSI~lA, S. (1942):
A revision of the
Asiatic Buxus.
journ. Dep. Agric.,
Kyushu Imp. Univ., vol. 6, no. 6, p. 261342, pIs. 16-27.
HAYASAKA, I. (1926): Fossil walnuts from
Hanamaki, Iwate Prefecture. jounl. Geogr.
Soc. Tokyo, vol. 38, no. 444. p. 55-65, pI.
5 (in Japanese).
HUZIOKA, K. (1952):
The explanation of
Neogene fossils in the northern Japan. 21.
Plant fossils (5).
Cenozoic Research(Shillseidainokenkyu) , no. 14. p. 260-264(in Japanese).

102

Tatsuaki KIMURA, Hiroshi YOSHIYAMA and Tamiko OHANA

KAMEl, S. et al. (Kinki Group) (1969):
Quaternary System of Kinki District.
In 'Quaternary System of japan' by
Research Group on Quaternary of japan,
p. 331-354. Assoc. Geol. Collab. japan,
Mon. 15, 435 pp. (in japanese).
KIMURA, T. et al. (Narahara plant-bed researchgroup) (1967): Preliminary notes on the
Neogene gymnospermous erect stumps andassociated flora at the river-bed of KitaAsakawa, Hachioji City, Tokyo. joun!.
Geol. Soc. japan, vol. 73, no. 9, p.441-442(in japanese).
KOKAWA, S. (1955): Plant and insect fossils
found in the Mikasayama Area, Nara
Prefecture. Ibid., vol. 61, no. 714, p. 93102, pis. 1-2 (in japanese).
KRYSHTOFOVlCH, A. N. (1915): The butternut(juglans cinerea L.) from freshwater
deposits of the province of Yokoutsk.
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Mag. (Tokyo), vol. 47, no. 561, p. 619631, pI. 1.
- - (1936): Plant fossils from Stegodon andElephas beds near Akashi. Chikyu, vol.
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- - (1938): On the change of flora of japan
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- - (1939): On the remains of Pinus trifolia
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- - (1941): On the change of flora in Eastern
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- - (1948): Floral remains of Kinki andadjacent districts since the Pliocene, withdescription of 8 new species. Sci. Rep.,
Osaka Sec. Teacher's Coli., no. 2, p. 105144, incl. pis. 1-5 (in japanese withEnglish description of 8 new species).
- - (1950a): A study on the floral remains
in japan since the Pliocene. Sci. Rep.,
Osaka Lib. Arts Univ., no. 1, p. 69-116(in japanese).
- - (1950b): Taxodiaceae of japan, withspecial reference to its remains. journ.
Inst. Polytechn., Osaka City Univ., ser.
D, vol. 1, p. 1-15.
- - (1952): Trapa of japan with specialreference to its remains. Ibid., vol. 3, p.
1-30, pis. 1-2.
- - (1953): On Metasequoia. fossil and living.
142 pp., incl. 10 pis. Kyoto (in japanese).
- - (1955): Nut remains of Juglandaceae injapan. journ. Inst. Polytechn., Osaka
City Univ., ser. D, vol. 6, p. 131-144, pis.
1-3.
- - (1956): Remains of Pinus koraiensis S.
et Z. and associated remains in japan.
Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), vol. 69, nos. 820-821(Ogura Comm. Numb., pt. 1), p. 447-454,
pI. 13.
- - (1957): Pinaceae of japan, with specialreference to its remains. journ. Inst.
Polytechn., Osc.kc. City Univ., ser. D, vol.
8, p. 221-272, pis. 1-10.
NlREl, H. (1969a): Early Pleistocene flora of
Kanazawa region, Ishikawa Prefecture,

Explanation of Plate 10
Figs. 1-3. Metasequoia d. glyptostroboides Hu and CllE0:G.
Fig. 1; both upper (uc) and lower (lc) cuticles prepared from the apical part of a leaf
(slide no. JR-2104A), sz; stomate zone. Fig. 2; upper cuticle enlarged from Fig. 1. Fig.
3; lower cuticle (a part of stomate zone) enlarged from Fig. 1.
Figs. 4-5. Salix d. integra TlICXBERG. Fig. 4; upper cuticle and the venation of high ordered
nerves (slide no. IR-4101). Fig. 5; lower cuticle (slide no. IR-4148).
Fig. 6. Salix sp.; detached capsules (IR-4002), x2.

KIMU RA et al.:~uc

Fossil plants from Smdhern Kwanto

~

sz

~

lc

Plate 10

729. Fossils plants from Southern Kwanto
Central japan, with special reference tothe evolution of juglans. journ. Ceosci.,
Osaka City Univ., vol. 12, art. 2, p. 7-25,
incl. pIs. 1-3.
- - (1969b): On the Utatsuyama formation
around Kanazawa City, Central japan.
journ. Ceol. Soc. japan, vol. 75, no. 9, p.
471-484 (in japanese).
- - (1975): A classification of fossil walnuts
from japan. jou rn. Ceosci., Osaka City
Univ., vol. 19, art. 2, p. 31-63, incl. pIs.
1-3.
OKUTSU, H. (1955): On the stratigraphy andpaleobotany of the Cenozoic plant beds of
the Sendai Area. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ.,
sec. seL, vol. 26, p. 1-114, pIs. 1-8.
01':ISIII, H. (1941): juglans cinerea LI0;0;E
and Cervus d. yesoensis HEUDE from thevicinity of Hachioji City, Tokyo Prefecture.
journ. Ceol. Soc. japan, vol. 47, no. 566,
p. 474-476 (in japanese).
OTUKA, Y. (1932): Geology of Tama Hill,
Part 1. Ibid., vol. 39, no. 469, p.641-655(in japanese).
SCIILOE1vIER·jXGER, A. (1958):
Alttertiare
Pflanzen aus Flazen der Bragger·Halbinsel
Spitzbergens. Palaeontographica, Abt. B,
Bd. 104, p. 39-103, pIs. 1-14.
~SCH\\'EITZER, H. j. (1974):
Die 'Tertiaren'
Koniferen Spitzbergens. Palaeontographica,
Abt. B, Bd. 149 (1-4), p. 1-111, pIs. 1-20.
SHIMAKURA, M. (1934): Notes on fossil wood,
Ill. jour/!. Ceol. Soc. japan, yol. 41, no.
484, p. 9-19 (in japanese).

103- - (1935): Fossil juglans cinerea L. occurr.
ing in Kanagawa Prefecture. Ibid., vol.
42, no. 496, p. 45-47 (in japanese).
- - (1936): Notes on fossil wood, IV. Ibid.,
vol. 43, no. 512, p. 269-296 (in japanese).
TAKAIIASHI, K. (1954): Zur fossilen Flora
aus der Oya·Formation von Kiushiu,japan. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ.,
ser. D, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 47-67, pIs. 1-8.
TA:'iAI, T. (1961): Neogene floral change injapan. journ. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ.,
seL 4, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 119-398, pIs. 1-32.
TANAI, T. and OJ\;OE, T. (1959): A Miocene
flora from the Northern part of the joban
Coal Field, japan.
Bull. Ceol. Surv.
japan, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 261-286, pIs. 1-7.
- - and - - (1961): A Mio·Pliocene flora
from the Ningyo.toge area on the border
between Tottori and Okayama Prefectures,japan. Rep. Ceol. Surv. japan, no. 187,
p. 1-63, pIs. 1-18.
TOKUj\;AGA, S., GOI-IARA, Y. and KC\\"Aj\;O, Y.
(1949): Geology of Tama Hills in thewestern vicinity of Tokyo. Misc. Rep.
Res. Inst. Nat. Resour., no. 14, p. 43-60(in japanese).
UEMURA, K. (1979): Leaf compressions of
Buxus from the Upper Miocene of japan.
Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo), ser. C,
vol. 5, no. 1, p. 1-8, pIs. 1-2.
YASUI, K. (1928): Studies on the structureof lignite, brown coal, and bituminous coalin japan. jount. Fac. Sci., Imp. Univ.
Tokyo, sec. 3, vol. 1, p. 381-468, pIs. 9-23.

Akashi ilJI;fi,Azuyama M~lU,
Bushi {b'f,Hachioji 11.:E'f,
Hirayama flU,
gawa AFa,}II,
Kinki Jii~,
Kita·Asakawa ~tl;\i;JII,
Kwanto 1*1*,
Miura '::::illi,hara ~)Jf-:,
Osaka :fd&:,
Oyabe :k5;:$,
Sasai tff*~,
Tama ~*

Iruma·Nara·~~*O)~)lIHo.l: lfM~lU.EiJ~O)ll~{t;fi : ~*fiJ1H::.5t;(P-t 0.::::rFli~llFrlftO):k5;:$~,:to.l: If -: h c 1'l1!~1I1H~ c ~.:t Gh 7.:, M~lU.fi:~~O){b'f~tJ, G, "? f! O)ffili~t::.~-t 01l~{t;fi~l.!'jt~O)·C-, ~cJli;lZ· $IH5-t0; Picea, Pinus, Metaseqnoia, Salix, juglans, Alnus, Quercus,
Cleditsia, Buxus, Paliurus?, flex :to.l: U' Trapa.
-: O)jjIij~O)llfullFl-.t, w'ilX:tJ, G'FUWT L'C, 1IDl:J:t:I!ir*o)t'? iljj;fi~llfu{f¥ c -IZ-t 0 ~ 0) c~.:t Gh, Jii~.lt!rlJO):k~R~'b'fr(ftO)llfullFt::.M Jt~ h 0 0 Lt~tJ; -? -C, -: O)Mr?!lllFO)U~H\:I-.t,.fi-~M~c~WT~h00*N~iljj·~lU

x·:kre~'f104

Tatsuaki KIMURA, Hiroshi YOSHIYAMA and Tamiko GHANA

Explanation of Plate 11
Figs. 1-4. BUXlts microphylla SIEI30LD and ZUCCARINI var. japonica REHDER and WILSO);. Fig.
1; upper cuticle. Fig. 2; lower cuticle. Fig. 3; marginal part of a leaf (lower cuticle);from right to left, marginal cells zone without stoma, venous cells zone of intra-marginalnerve and ordinary lower cuticle with stomata. Fig. 4; marginal and venous cells zone
enlarged from Fig. 3. All prepared from HAC-4102 (slide no. HAC-4102S).
Figs. 5-7. !lex cornuta LINDLEY and PAXTON. Fig. 5; upper cuticle. Fig. 6; lower cuticle.
Fig. 7; marginal cells zone without stoma. All prepared from IR-4004 (slide no. IR-4004S).

K I MURA

et al. : Fossil plants frorn Southern ]{wanto

Plate 113250fJ

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 122, pp. 105-121, pIs. 12-14, July 15, 1981

730.

NEOGENE MICROFOSSILS OF CHLOROPHYCEAE,
PRASINOPHYCEAE AND ACRITARCHS FROMNIIGATA, CENTRAL JAPAN*
KIYOSHI TAKAHASHI and KAZUMI MATSUOKA
Department of Geology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852

Abstract. This is a report on the microplankton of the Chlorophyceae, Prasinophyceae and acritarchs from the Neogene sediments in the Niigata district, central
Japan. Two species and two subspecies of the Chlorophyceae, one of the Parsinophyceae and eight of the acritarchs belonging to eight form genera are described andillustrated: Tytthodiscus densiporosus n. sp. subsp. densiporosus n. subsp., T. densiporosus n. sp. subsp. minus n. subsp., Palambages sp., Pterospermella pterina n. sp.,
Leiosphaeridia d. fastigatirugosa (STAPLlN) DOWNIE & SAR]EAI"T, L. grandifonnis
TI. sp., L. minuscula n. sp., Lancettopsis sp., Micrhystridium ariakense T AKAI-IASHI,
Baltisphaeridium sphaeroides n. sp., B. nakajoense n. sp. and Cymatiosphaera pulchella
TI. sp.
Morphological characteristics of the genera Tytthodiscus, Crassosphaera,
Pleurozonaria, Tasmanites and Leiosphaeridia are discussed. According to PARKEet al. (1978), the fossil genus Pterospermella is a synonym of the recent genus
Pterosperma, but the authors are inclined to accept the genus Pterospermella.
These phytomicroplankton described in this paper are important for a basic knowledge of their stratigraphic and geographic distribution in the Neogene formations
around the Sea of Japan.
-----

---

~-----

This is the first report on the phytomicroplankton of the Chlorophyceae (Tytthodiscus and Palambages), Prasinophyceae(Pterospermella) and acritarchs recovered
ftom the Neogene sediments in the Niigata
district. Morphological characteristics ofthe genera Tytthodiscus, Crassosphaera,
Pleu rozona ria, Tasmanites and Leiosphaeridia, which have morphologically similarfeature, are discussed.
According to PARKE et al. (1978), thegenus Pterospermella ErsENAcK 1972 is asynonym of the recent genus Pterosperma,
but the authors are inclined to use thegenus Pterospermella as a form or organ
genus in the family Pterospermataceae ofthe class Prasinophyceae.

Introduction
The jUlJior author, K. MATSUOKA, engaged in research on dinoflagellates fromthe Neogene and Quaternary sedimentsin the Niigata district, central Japan. At
that time, he made many slides and foundmany dinoflagellates and other phytomicroplankton.
The senior, K. TAKAHASHI, has examined these slides and recognized many
specimens of the Chlorophyceae, Prasinophyceae and acritarchs. These phytomicroplankton are described and illustrated indetail.

* Received September 22, 1980; read June29, 1980 at Kochi.

105

106

Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI and Kazumi MATSUOKASEA of JAPAN...

Ml.lid",lOOOmText-fig. l. Sample location map. A: Index map; 1: Teradomari area, 2: Ishiji area,
3: Imogawa area, 4: Tedoriga-fuchi area, 5: Shibata area, 6: Nakajo area

The phytomicroplankton examined inthis paper should offer the first basic datafor research of the biostratigraphical andgeographical distribution in the Neogene
sediments around the Sea of Japan.

Geological setting and sample
locations

The Neogene and Quaternary marine
sediments are widely distributed in the
Niigata sedimentary basin, central Honshu.
They are divided into following six forma-

730.
Table 1.
SampleLithology

Nanatani Formation

I

107

Location and lithology of the Neogene Formations in the Niigata district.
Formation

NNA-2
NNA-3

Neogene microfossils from Niigata

Nanatani Formation

NNA-4

Nanatani Formation

NNA-8

Nanatani Formation

NTE-3

Teradomari Formation

NTE-7

Teradomari Formation

NSH-5

Shiiya Formation

Locationdark grey hard mudstone

2 km SSE of Sekizawa,
Nakajo-cho, Kita-Kanbaragun, Niigata Pref.
dark grey hard mudstone
1 km west of Matsuoka,
Shibata City, Niigata
Pref.
dark grey hard mudstone
Minami-Imogawa, ShitadaImura, Minami-Kanbaragun, Niigata Pref.
dark grey hard mudstone
Tetoriga-fuchi, Tagamicho, Minami-Kanbara-gun,
Niigata Pref.
dark grey laminated siltstone I Teradomari, Teradomari: cho, Santo-gun, ;"\iigata
Pref.
black hard laminated siltstone Shiraiwa, Teradomari-cho,
Santo-gun, Niigata,"Pref.
Ishiji, Nishiyama-cho,
I dark grey hard mudstone
Kariwa-gun, Niigata
Pref.
I_ _ _ _1_ _ _ _ ••tions; the Nanatani, Teradomari, Shiiya,
Nishiyama, Haizume and Oguni Formations in ascending order. There havebeen many geological and palaeontologicalstudies for the purpose of petroleum exploration. Recently biostratigraphical investigations in this district have beenmuch promoted by several micropalaeontologists, MAIYA (1978) on planktonic
foraminifera, NAKASEKO & SUGANO (1973)
on radiolaria, NISHIDA (1976) and SA TO& TOMIZAW A (1979) on calcareous nannoplankton, KOIZUivI! (1977) on diatom andY AMANOI (1978) on pollen grains. According to these results, the geologicalages of these formations are as follows.
Nanatani Formation······Early to Middle
MioceneTeradomari Formation·········Middle toLate Miocene
Shiiya Formation·········Late Miocene to
Early Pliocene
Nishiyama Formation······Late Pliocene
to Early Pleistocene
Haizume Formation (including Wanatsu

and Tsukayama Formations)······Early to
Middle Pleistocene
Oguni Formation······ Middle Pleistocene
Location and lithology of the samples
examined are listed in Table 1.
Preparation method

Preparation for palynological analysis
was carried out by mechanical and chemical methods [treatment by 10?~ KOH,
maceration by mixed acid solution of HC!,
HN0 3 and H2 0 (1: 1: 1), and then by 30% HF, centrifuging and washing in purewater after each step].
The residual material contains pollen
grains, spores, dinoflageilate cysts, algae,
acritarchs etc. These phytomicrofossils
were mounted in glycerine jelly on slides.
Cover-slips on the slides were sealed with
nail enamel.
All slides are kept in the palynologicalcollection of the Department of Geology,
Nagasaki University.

Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI and Kazumi MATSUOKA

108

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Text-fig. 2. Stratigraphy and geologic
ages of the Neogene formations in the Niigata district.

TytthodisCllS, Crassosphaera, Pleurozollaria, Tasmanites and Leiosplwericiia
The genus Tytthodiscus was first described by NOREM (1955) from Tertiarymarine sediments in the San Joaquin
Valley of California. According to him,

this genus is disk-shaped organisms, whose
wall is thick and consists of elongatedhexagonal segments which are solid orprovided with small central tubule which
may extend all or part-way through thewall. Wall surface is smooth or uniformly
granular. Size ranges from 25 to 200
microns in diameter. However, his description is not enough to distinguish thegenus Tytthodiscus from the genera
Pleurozonaria O. WETZEL 1933 and erassosphaera COOKSON & MANUM 1960. Accordingly, MADLER (1963) emended the
NOREM'S description and defined as follows; the genus Tyttlzodiscus is sphericaland often disk-shaped organisms whose
wall is composed of a relatively thick,very resistant, radially arranged, fibrous
to prismatic crystallite, whose inner side
consists of a poroid layer and outer surface is membranous. Canal pores arecomplet~ly penetrated from the inner side
to outer surface.
Our present specimens which have aporoid layer with a honeycomb-like orreticulate pattern on the inner side of thewall belong surely to the genus Tytthodiscus. Especially, the specimens witheroded wall show clearly the honeycomblike or reticulate pattern. The larger
form, Tyttlzodiscus densiporosus n. sp.
subsp. densiporosus n. subsp., and thesmaller form, T. densiporosus n. sp. subsp.
minus n. subsp., are described in thispaper.
Already described species of Ty ttlz 0discus.
Tytthodiscus californiensis NOREM 1955 (Pliocene to Eocene in the Wasco oil field,
California; 80-200 pm)
T. mecsekensis NAGY 1965 (Neogene-Middle
Miocene, Mecsek Mountains, Hungary; 63pm)

T. schandelahensis (TlIIERGART 1944) MADLER
1963 (Lower Jurassic, Posidonian shales,
Germany; 90-180 (1m)730.

Neogene microfossils from Niigata

109

T. vanderhammeni SOLE DE PORTA 1959(Upper
Oligocene, North Colombia)

KEDVES 1962 (Sparnacian, Eocene, Dudar,
Hungary)and MANUM (1960) describedand illustrated the new genus Crassosphaera with originally spherical body, of
which wall is ornamented with prominences or projections which mayor may
not form a regular pattern and is perforated by minute radial tubules which
are composed of a tubule to each prominence.
They stated that the main differences
between C rassosphae ra and Tytthodiscus
are the shape of the body and the construction of the wall, and that a more
important difference is the segmented wallof TyttllOdiscus as against the unsegmented wall of Crassosphaera.
According to them, the genus Crassosplwera differs from the other genera
TyttilOdiscus and Tasmanites in having
the wall ornamented with prominences or
projections, of which center is perforated
by radial branched or unbranched canalpores.

According to O. WETZEL (1933, p. 29)
and MADLER (1963, p. 331-332), the genus
Pleurozonaria is spherical and disk-shaped
organisms, whose wall consists of a relatively thick and very resistant organic
material, yellow to brown in colour, columnar or hexagonal elements (poroids)
which are visible to be a honeycomb-likepattern and penetrated by many canalpores which may pass completely throughthe wall. The canal pores are branchedor unbranched. A pylome may be presented, but not yet be firmly proved.
MADLER (1963) accepted Crassosphaera
as a junior synonym of Pleurozonaria.
However, MURI and SARJEANT (1971)
preferred to maintain as separate entities,
pending reconsideration of the taxonomyof the whole group.

COOKSO:'-lPreviously described species of Cras-sosphaera.
Crassosphaera concinna COOKSON and lVL":-;C:-I
1960 (Neocomian, Komewu, Papua, New
Guinea; Lower Tertiary, Forlandsundet,
Vestspitsbergen; Komewu specimen 65-85
pm, Spitsbergen specimen 106 pm)
C. coollson; KRIV AN-HuTTER 1963 (Palaeogene,
Dorog Basin, Hungary)
C. digitata COOKSO:'-l and MANUM 1960 (Neocom ian, Komewu Papua; 65 pm)
C. hexagonclis WALL 1965 (Lower jurassic,
jet Rock, Yorkshire; 60-150 pm)
C. manum; KRIV AN-HUTTER 1963 (Palaeogene,
Dorog Basin, Hungary)
C. minor KRIVA:-;·HcTTER 1963 (Palaeogene,
Dorog Basin, Hungary)
C. stellulata COOKSON and MA'im1 1960
(Eocene, Rottnest Island, Western Australia; 67-99 pm)
C. stellulata COOKSON and MANuilr var. minor

Pleurozonaria chondrota(NORE1-1 1955) ~1.~DLER
1963 (Miocene, Freeman-jewett and Vedder
members, Temblor Formation, California;
25-140 pm)
P. distans M~\DLER 1963 (Lower jurassic,
Goslar; 80-84 (lm)P. diversipora M;'\DLER 1963 (Lower jurassic,
Goslar; 130-132 pm)
P. globulus WETZEL 1933 (Cretaceous, Krywonogi, Poland; 40-48 (lm)P. macropora (ErSE:'-IACK 1967) MADLER 1963
(Lower jurassic, Goslar; 75-105 11m)
P. media MADLER 1963 (Lower jurassic, Posidanian shales; 100-130 (lm)P. polyporosa Mi\DLER 1963 (Lower jurassic,
Goslar and Doernten; 120-170 (lm)P. spongiosa MADLER 1963 (Lower jurassic,
boringhole Lingen 330; 90-100 I'm)
P. suevica (ErsENAcK 1957) MADLER 1963
(Lower jurassic, Fukoiden·Kalk, Balingen;Posidonian shales; 70-102 (lm)P. wetzeli l\1XDLER 1963 (Lower jurassic,
Goslar; 110-120 pm)

According to EISENACK (1958, p. 2), thegenus Tasmanites NEWTON 1875 is sphe-

11U

Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI and Kazumi MATSUOKA

rical and disk-shaped organisms, whose
wall consists of a relatively thick andvery resistant organic material, yellow todark red-brown in colour and penetrated
by pores which may pass completely or
partially through it. A large circular
opening, the pylome, may be rarely present in some specimens. Younger specimens possess always a thin wall and nopore. Accordingly, these younger specimens are not distinguishable from thegenus Leiosphaeridia.

Sporangites huronensis (= Tasmanites
huronensis) was first described by DAWSON
as a sporangium from the Devonian blackshales at Kettle Point, Lake Huron (EISENACK 1958, 1963; WALL 1962). NEWTON(1875) newly described such forms as
Tasl7lanites punctatus from Australia andTasmania. EISENACK (1938) establishedthe genus Leiosphaera for similar spherical cysts from the Baltic and other European Silurian and named them Leiosphaera
solida (=Bion solidum EISENACK 1931).
KRAUSEL immediately informed him that
DAWSON already described such forms as
Sporangites huronensis and later KR.~USEL
corrected many mistaken interpretation
described by DAWSON and renamed Sporangites huronensis as Leiosphaera huronensis. SCHOPF et al. (1944) criticized theambiguous term Sporangites and proposedthat the genus Tasmanites is valid. Withreferences of the description of DAwsoN,
NEWTON, KRAUSEL and SCHOPF et al. andby a microscopic examination of the
DA WSON'S preparates, which were sent by
KRAUSEL, ErsENAcK (1958) recognizedthat the spherical organisms described as
Leiosphaera solida (=L. huronensis) identify with the DAWSON'S forms and theyaccord with Tasmanites punctatus described by NEWTON (1875). Further, he statedthat the genus Leiosphaera must be replaced by the genus Tasmanites for theorganisms suitable to the NEWTON'S de-finition and he proposed the new genus
Leiosphaeridia for Leiosphaera which wasgiven for the organisms unsuited to the
DAWSON'S and NEWTON'S description.
According to the WALL'S account (1962),
OSTENFELD described two spherical green
algae, Pachysphaera pelagica n. gen. et
sp. and Halosphaera minor n. sp., whichwere collected at the time of Greenlandic
and Icelandic sailing by W AKDEL, KUNDSEN and OSTENFELD. They appear to becomparable with leiospheres. Prior tothis, OSTENFELD determined that Pachysphaera possesses a thick wall penetrated
by pores with a separation of about 3 f-1mand Halosphaera minor OSTENFELD differsfrom Pachysphaera in having thin walland no pore.
Pachysphaera pelagica is closely similar
to several species of Tasl71anites in size,
shape and wall thickness. The wall structure is generally identical with that of
Tasmanites and the cell wall often possesses a straight or weakly arched suture.
No pylome of Pachysphaera was observed.
WALL (1962) concluded that the genus
Tasmanites is to be regarded as a fossil
green alga with biological affinities to thepresent marine organism Pachysplwera
pelagica OSTENFELD and other species ofPachysphaera, and Pachysphaera is regarded as a living representative of the fossil
genus Tasmanites.
Previously described

species of Tas-

7Ilanites.
Tcsmanites alaskcnsis (WHITE 1929) WINSLOW
1962 (Lower Cretaceous, Northern Alaska;
Upper Devonian - Lower Mississippian,Ohio)
T. asperum BONEHA?vI 1967 (Devonian, Michigan, Ohio, Ontario)
T. avelinoi SOMMER 1953 emend. SO~I?vIER and
VAN BOEKEL 1966 (Devonian, Para, Brazil)
T. balteus FELIX 1965 (Neogene-Upper Miocene, Louisiana)
T. balticus EISE!>1ACK 1963 (Ordovician, Baltic

730.

Neogene microfossils from Niigata

region)T. bobroeskae

WAZYXSKA 1967 (Sinian andCambrian, boreholes, Bialowieza, Poland)
T. chicagoensis (REI:'-1sCH 1884) SCHOPF, WILSOX and BExTALL 1944 (Devonian, Kettle
Point, Ontario; Chicago Boulder Clay;
Permian, Tasmania)
T. corrugatus FELIX 1965 (Neosene-Upper
Miocene, Louisiana)
T. decorus BO,\EHA:'d 1967 (Devonian, Michigan, Ohio, Ontario)
T. derbyi SO:VI:VIER 1953 emend. SO:--I:--IER and
VA!': BOEKEL 1966 (Devonian, Para, Brazil)
T. distinctus BoxEHA~1 1967 (Devonian, Michigan, Ohio, Ontario)
T. eisenacki UTECH 1962 (Middle Buntsandstein, Lower Triassic, Hildesheim Forest,
Germany)
T. erichsenii Sm'I:--IER and VAX BOEKEL 1963
(Devonian, Para, Brazil)
T. erraticus EISEXACK 1963 (Gotlandian, Wenlockian-Lower Ludlow, North Germany)
T. euzebioi SO~I~IER 1953 emend. SO~I~'IER and
VA!': BOEKEL 1966 (Devonian, Para, Brazil)
T. ferruginus BO,\EIIA~'I 1967 (Devonian,Michigan, Ohio, Ontario)
T. fissura FELIX 1965 (Neogene-Upper Mio·
cene, Louisiana)
T. fulgidus FELIX 1965 (Neogene-lJpper Miocene, Louisiana)
T. globulus (0. WETZEL 1933) :VIORGEXROTII
1966(Cretaceous, Krywonogi, Poland;
Lower Eocene, North Germany)
T. hartti SO~I~IER 1953 emend. SO:VI~IER and
V AN BOEKEL
1966(Devonian, Para,
Brazil)T. hllronensis (DAWSOX 1871) SCIIOPF, WILSOX
and BENTALL 1944 emend. W[:-ISLOW 1962
(Devonian, Kettle Point, Lake Huron,
Canada; Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian, Ohio)
T. kaljoi T[:\IOFEYEV 1966 (Late Precambrian,Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Poland;
USSR)
T. lamegoi Sml:\IER 1956 (Devonian, Para,
Brazil)T. mangaseus TnvlOFEYEV 1966 (Late Precambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Poland; USSR)
T. martinssoni E[SE:'-1ACK 1958 (Ordovician,111

Baltic region)(E[SEXACK 1931) EISE.'(ACK 1958
(Silurian, Baltic region)
T. minutus EISEXACK 1965 (Ordovician, Baltic
region)T. mourai SO~I:\IER 1953 emend. SO~I~[ER and
VA:'-1 BOEKEL 1966 (Devonian, Para, Brazil)
T. new toni WALL 1962 (Liassic. Lower jurassic, Great Britain),T. normi EISEXACK 1962 (Lower Carboniferous,
Woodford Formation, Oklahoma)
T. plica til is BO!':EII."~'[ 1967 (Devonian, Michigan, Ohio, Ontario)
T. porosus FELIX 1956 (Neogene-Upper \Iiocene, Louisiana)
T. primigenus (NAt;!v[OYA 1950) Do\\"x[E andSARJEAXT 1964 (Upper DeYonian, Russian
platform)
T. punctatus NEWTON 1875 (Permian, La
Trobe, Tasmania)
T. ro.r:oi SO:V[;"[ER 1953 emend. SONniER and
VAX BOEKEL 1966 (Devonian, Para, Brazil)
T. salustianoi SO~[NIER 1953 emend. SO~I~[ERand VAX BOEKEL 1966 (Devonian, Para,
Brazil)T. sinuosus W[XSLo\V 1962 (Cpper DevonianLower Mississippian, Ohio)
T. sommeri W[XSLOW 1962 (Cpper De\'onianLower Mississippian, Ohio)
T. tanbaensis TAKAHASH[ and YAO 1969 (Permian, Tanba Belt, japan)
T. tapajonensis SO:\I~IER 1953 emend. SO~I~IER
and V A:'-1 BOEKEL 1966 (Devonian, Para,
Brazil)T. tardus EISE!':ACK 1958 (Liassic, Lower
jurassic, Germany)
T. tenellus VOLKOVA 1968* (Lower Palaeozoic,
USSR)
T. trematus EISEXACK 1962 (Ex pansns Limestone, Ordovician, Oland, Baltic region)
T. usitatus FELIX 1965 (Neogene-Upper Miocene, Louisiana)
T. validus FELIX 1965 (Neogene-lJpper ?vIiocene, Louisiana)
T. vanboekeli MCIH and SARJEAXT 1971 (Devonian, Para, Brazil)
T. variabilis VOLKOVA 1968* (Lower Palaeozoic, USSR)

T. medius* See MUIR and SARJEA!':T (1971).

112

Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI and Kazumi MATSUOKA

T. verrucosus ErsENAcK 1962 (Ostsee Limestone, South Finland)
T. willslowae BO:\EHAlvl 1967 (Devonian, Michigan, Ohio, Ontario)

EISE:\ACK (1958) established the fossil
genus Leiosphaeridia with thin wall andno wall pore. WALL (1962) stated thatthe thin-walled organism Halosphae ra
minor OSTE:\FELD can be compared withmembers of the fossil genus Leiosphaeridia
EISE:'-iACK 1958. Further, he concluded:"a similar relationship is envisaged between members of the genus Leiosphaeridia EISE~ACK 1958 and the recent green
alga Halosphaera minor OSTENFELD 1899
and other green algae with a thicker but
almost entirely non-punctate wall and thegenus Leiosphaeridia probably includes
forms which are unrelated to the Chlorophyceae as well. The evidence connecting Pachysphaera with Tasmanites (andHalosphaera minor with Leiosphaeridia)
is sufficient to justify classification of thefossil genera in the Chlorophyceae."
Taxonomy of PlerospermCland Plerospermell a
EISE:\ACK (1972) established a new genus
Pterospermella with the type species P.
aureolata (COOKSON and EISENACK 1958)
EISE:\ACK 1972 for species of Pterospermopsis W. WETZEL 1952, because of insufficient description of its type species
Pterospermopsis danica W. WETZEL andvagueness of its systematic position.
Upon this reason, he (1972) transferred
all species of Pterospermopsis except P.
danica W. WETZEL to the genus Pterospennella. Further, he emphasized thatthe genus Pterospermella is closely similar
to the recent genus Pterosperl7la POUCHET
and provided a new family Pterospermellaceae including the genera Pterospermella
EISE",ACK (type genus), CymatiosPhaera

O. WETZEL

1933

emend.

DEFLANDRE

1954, Dictyotidium ErsENAcK 1955 emend_
STAPLIN 1961, Pterosphaeridia MADLER
1963, Cymatiosphaeropsis MADLER 1963,
Duvernaysphaera STAPLIN 1961 and Enig17lasphaera COOKSON and EISENACK 197L
However, he stated that transference of
these genera to the family Pterospermataceae which includes the recent genera
Pachysphaera OSTENFELD and Pterosperma
POUCHET depends on result of the future
investigation on the mode of the opening
and the construction of the wall.
PARKE et al. (1978) reported in detailon the life-history of the recent genus
Pterosperma POUCHET with the twophases, motile and non-motile. Information concerning the non-motile phycoma
phase of members of the Pterospermataceae
is very important for the fossil genus
Pterospermella. By PARKE et al. thephycomata of seven species of Pte rospe rma
have been produced and grown in culture
from the motile cells liberated from phycomata obtained from the sea. They proposed Pterosperma rotundu7Jl POUCHET as
the type species of the genus Pterosperma
POUCHET 1893 and indicated the genera

Pterosphaera, Cysta, Trochiscia, Pterocystis,
Pterococcus, Cymatiosphaera, Pterospermopsis and Pterospermella as the synonymyof the genus Pterosperma in the phycoma
phase.
According to their opinion, the fossil
genus Pterospermella is the synonym of
the recent genus Pte rospe r711a. However,
the authors are of opinion that the fossil
genus Pterospermella EISENACK 1972
should be placed independently in thefamily Pterospermataceae, because thisgenus always indicates its phycoma phaseand never its motile phase.
DeEcriptive palynology
Class Chlorophyceae KUTZING 1843

730.

Neogene mic1'ofossils from Niigata

Order Tasmanales !'vL\DLER 1963
Family Tasmanaceae SOMMER 1956
emend.

MADLER 1963

Genus Tytthodiscus NOREM 1955
emend. MADLER 1963
Type species: Tytthodiscus californiensis
NOREM 1955.

TytthodisCliS dcnsiporosus n. sp.
PI. 12, Figs. 1-15; PI. 13, Figs. 1-2

Description: Body spherical to ellipsoidal, 54-174 pm in diameter. Wall 1.59 pm thick, penetrated by distinct canalpores; canal-pores always appear to passfrom inner wall side with a poroid layerof a honeycomb-like or network pattern
to the outer surface. The canal-pores are
uniformly and densely distributed 1-3 pm
apart, 1 pm± wide on the inner wall
surface, with appreciable taper. The
specimen with eroded wall shows clearly
the honeycomb-like pattern on the innerwall side (see PI. 12, Fig. 3). Body surface
smooth. characterized by very small poresvisible at high magnification, with occational minor folding; surface often has
weathered or corroded appearence andsometimes rounded pyrites (?) originatedfrom the organic body of the specimens(see PI. 12, Figs. 5 and 6). Colour yellow
to orange in transmitted light.
Remarks: The genus Tytthodiscus issimilar to the genera Crassosphaera,
Pleurozonaria and Tasmanites, but differsfrom three latters in having the poroid
layer with the honeycomb-like or network
pattern on the inner wall side.
TytihodisCllS densiporosus n. sp. subsp.
densiporosus n. subsp.
PI. 12, Figs. 1-9

113

Describtion: Body spherical to ellipsoidal, 96-174 pm X 84-147 pm in diameter.
Wall 2.5-9 pm thick, penetrated by distinct canal-pores; canal-pores always
appear to pass from the inner wall surface
to the outer surface. The canal-pores are
uniformly and densely distributed 2-3 pm
apart, 1 pm± wide on the inner wall
surface, with appreciable taper. The
inner wall side is composed of a poroid
layer ornamented with a honeycomb-likeor fine network pattern. Body surface
laevigate, characterized by very small
pores visible at high magnification, withoccasional minor folding; surface often
has weathered or corroded appearence
and sometimes rounded pyrites (?) originated from the organic body of the specimens (see PI. 12, Figs. 5 and 6). The
corroded specimens show clearly thehoneycomb-like or network pattern on the
inner wall side (see PI. 12, Fig. 3). Some
specimens show a single straight(?) sutureon the wall. Colour yellow to orange intransmitted light.
Holotype: PI. 12, Fig. 2; 126x 120 pm
in diameter; wall 4.5 pm thick; canalpores are uniformly distributed 2.3-3 pm
apart. 1 pm± in diameter, with appreciable taper; slide NNA-2-3; Nanatani
Formation (Early-Middle Miocene), 2 km
SSE of Sekizawa, Nakajo-cho, Kita-Kanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture.
Occurrence and range: Abundant;
Nanatani, Teradomari and Shiiya Formations, Niigata Prefecture.
Comparison: This new subspecies iseasily distinguished from the other Neogene and pre-Neogene specimens by its
size, wall thickness and densely arranged
wall canal-pores. This is closely similar
to TytthodisCliS schandelahensis (THIERGART 1944) MADLER 1963 from the Lower
Jurassic Posidonian shales, Germany and
Tytthodiscus mecsekensis NAGY 1965 from
the Middle Miocene grey clayey marl,

114]{iyoshi TAKAHASHI and ]{azumi MATSUOKA

Mecsek Mountains, Hungary, but theformer differs from T. schandelahensis in
having much thinner wall and T. mecsekensis in having much larger size.

TytthodisCl/s densiporosus n. sp. subsp.
minus n. subsp.
PI. 12, Figs. 10-15; PI. 13, Figs. 1-2

Description: Body spherical to ellipsoidal or oval, 54-85.5 f1m X 43.5-81 f1m indiameter. Wall 1.5-5.4 f1m thick, penetrated by canal-pores, which always appear to pass from the inner wall surface,but only partly reach the outer wall surface. The pores are densely distributed
1-2 f1m apart, less than 1 f1m in width on
the inner wall surface. The inner wallside consists of the poroid layer ornamented with the weak network pattern,sometimes this network pattern is not
visible. Body surface smooth, characterized by very small penetrated pores{)nly partly visible at high magnification
through a microscope, with occasional
minor folding; surface sometimes is cleft.
Colour yellow to orange in transmitted
light.
Holotype: PI. 12, Fig. 15; 75x73.5 f1m
in diameter; wall 4.2 f1m thick; pores are
uniformly distributed 2 f1m± apart, lessthan 1 f1m in diameter; slide NNA-4-5;
Nanatani Formation (Early-Middle Mio·cene), Minami-Imogawa, Shitada-mura,
Minami-Kanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture.
Occurrence: Few from the locality
Nakajo and abundant from the locality
Minami-Imogawa;
Nanatani Formation(Early-Middle Miocene).
Remarks.' The present subspecies is
the smallest Tytthodiscus. This is muchsmaller than T. densiporosus densiporosus.
Order Chlorococcales MARCHAND orth.
mut. et emend. OASCHER 1915

Family Hydrodictyaceae (GRAY)
DUMORTlER orth. mut. COHK 1880
Genus Palambages O. \VETZEL 1961
Type species: Palalllbages 71lorulosa
O. WETZEL 1961.

Palambages sp.
PI. 14, Fig. 15

Description: The colony is sphericalto subsphericaI. The individual cells 1419 f1m X 12-13 f1m in diameter. The wallin profile smooth, thin, 0.8 f1m thick. The
number of cells per colony is about 20 in
optical section (on one surface). Colony
size 45.9 X 42 f1m in diameter.
Occurrence: Very rare; Nanatani Formation (Early-Middle Miocene), Chujo-cho,
Kita-Kanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture.
Comparison: Only one specimen was
found. This is superficially similar to
Palal7lbages morulosa O. WETZEL from theBaltic Senonian and Danian chalk andflint and Palambages sp. (T AKAKASHI andSHIMONO, 1980) from the Pleistocene
Minoshirotori lake deposits, Gifu Prefecture, but differs from Palambages morulosa
and Palambages sp. in having much smaller colony and single cells.
Class Prasinophyceae CHRISTENSEN
1962
Order Pterospermatales
Family Pterospermataceae
OSTENFELD 1902
Genus Pterospermella EISENACK 1972
Type species: Pterospermella all reolata(COOKSON & EISENACK 1958) EISENACK
1972.

Pterospermella pterina n. sp.

730.

Neogene microfossils from Niigata

115·

PI. 14, Figs. 1-5.

Subgroup Sphaeromorphitae DOWNIE,

Description: Central body circular tooval in polar view, provided with a relatively large undulating and radially folded
equatorial wing. The radial folds of wing
somewhat spine-like, about 13-16 in number. The equatorial wing is diaphanous.
Contour of wing circular to elliptical.
Surface of shell smooth. Overall diameter
150-228 pm X 135-207 pm. Diameter ofcentralbody
72-126 pm X 60-114 pm.
Thickness of central body wall 3 pm orless. Breadth of wing 25-66 pm.
Holotype: PI. 14, fig. 3; overall diameter 228x 168 pm; diameter of central
body 126x 102 pm; breadth of wing 3054 pm; radial folds 14 in number; slide
NNA-2-3; Nanatani Formation (EarlyMiddle ~v1iocene), 2 km SSE of Sekizawa,
Nakajocho. Kita-Kanbara-gun, Niigata
Prefecture.
Occurr.2nc?: Few, Nanatani Formation,
Nakajo-cho; rare, Teradomari Formation,
Teradomari-cho. Santo-gun, Niigata Prefecture.

EVITT & SARJEANT 1963

Compa risoll : Pte rospe rmella aust raliensis (DEFLA:,\DRE & COOKSON, 1955)
EISENACK from the Lower Cretaceous,
Onepah Station, New South Wales, ismuch smaller than the present specimens.
P. pterina is closely similar to P. barbarae(GORKA 1963) EISENACK from the Upper
Cretaceous (Campanian) strata, Magnuszew, Poland and from the Eocene andOligocene strata, Meckelfeld near Hamburg, Germany, but the former is different
from the latter in having smooth surfaceof the central body and equatorial wing(ala). P. helientoides (DE CONINCK 1968)
EISENACK from the Ypresian, Sondage de
Kallo near Antwerpen, Belgium, possesses
much thicker wall of the central body.
Incertae sed isGroup Acritarcha EVITT 1963

Genus Leiosphaeridia E!sE:'\ACK 1958
emend. DOWNIE & SARJEANT 1963
Type species: Leiosphaeridia baltica
EISENACK 1958.

Leiosphaeridia ct. Jastigati rugosa(ST APLIN) Dow!':IE & SARJEAJ:\T
PI. 13, Figs. 3-6
1961. Leiosphaeridium fastigatintgosum STAPLI:"I, Palaeontology, vol. 4, pt. 3, p. 408,
pI. 50, fig. 9.
1963. Leiosphaeridia fastigatirugosa (STAPLI1\) OO\\');IE & SAR]EA:-:T, Palaeontology, vol. 6. pt. 1, p. 95.

Description: Body originally sphericalto ellipsoidal, 102-180 pm X 78-105 pm indiameter. Wall smooth (laevigate), verythin. Canals or pores not present on cellwall and no evidence of pylome. Body
outline irregular, always conspicuously. crumpled and plica ted with the numerous
folds being characteristic of the species.
Occurrence: Few, Nanatani Formation(Early-Middle Miocene); rare, Shiiya Formation (Late Miocene to Early Pliocene).
Remarks: The present specimens arevery closely similar to Leiosphaeridia
Jastigati rugosa (STAPLI!':) DOWNIE &SARJEANT from the Upper Devonian ofAlberta, Canada and possess both sphericaland ellipsoidal forms, although the latterhas only spherical form. Accordingly,
the authors describe them as L. ct. Jastigati rugosa (STAPLe,;r) Dow:,\IE & SARJEANT.
Comparison: This species is very
closely similar to Leiosphaeridia sp.
(PICHLER, 1971, p. 325-326, pI. 3, figs. 42,46) from the Devonian Upper Junkerberg
Formation of the Eifel Synclinorium, W-Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI and Kaz~~mi MATSUOKA

116

Germany and the authors accept that thelatter may be the same species as L.

Jastigati rugosa.
Leiosphaeridia grandiJormis n. sp.
PI. 13, Figs. 7-10

Description: Body originally sphericalto ellipsoidal, 121-165 pm X 109.5-156 pm
in diameter. Wall finely rugulate to verrucate or rarely smooth, 5.4-7.5 pm thick(sometimes 2 pm±). Canals or pores notpresent on cell wall and no evidence of
pylome. Body surface irregular, always
conspicuously folded.
Holotype: PI. 13, Fig. 9; 141 X 120 pm
in diameter; wall finely rugulate, 7.5 pm
thick; more or less folded; slide NNA-2-2; Nanatani Formation (Early-Middle
Miocene), 2 km SSE of Sekizawa, Nakajocho, Kita-Kanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture.
Occurrence: Common, Nanatani Formation, Nakajo-cho.
Comparison: This new species is apparently different from Leiosphaeridia d.
Jastigatirugosa (STAPLIN) DOWNIE &SARJEANT in having much thicker walland finely rugulate to verrucate ornamentation on wall surface and from Leiosphaeridia minuscula n. sp. in having larger
size, thicker wall and finely rugulate toverrucate ornamentation.
Leiosphaeridia minuscula n. sp.
PI. 13, Figs. 12-13

Description: Body originally sphericalto ellipsoidal, 52-93 pm X 50-75 pm in diameter. Wall somewhat laevigate to chagrenate, 3.5-4.5 pm thick. Canals or pore
not present on cell wall and no evidenceof pylome. Body surface somewhat irregular, always crumpled with some folds.
Holotype: PI. 13, Fig. 12; 93 X 72 pm indiameter; wall somewhat laevigate, 4.5
pm thick, with some folds; slide NNA2-2; Nanatani Formation (Early-Middle
Miocene), 2 km SSE of Sekizawa, Nakajocho, Kita-Kanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture.
Occurrence: Few, Nanatani Formation,
Nakajo-cho, Niigata Prefecture.
Comparison: The present specimens aresuperficially similar to Leiosphaeridia (al.
Protoleiosphaeridium) orbiculata (STAPLIN)DOWNIE & SARJEANT (STAPLIN, 1961, p.
405, pI. 48, fig. 12; DOWNIE & SARJEANT,
1963, p. 95; HEMER & NYGREEN, 1967, p.
187, pI. 3, figs. 5-6), but the former differsfrom the latter in having larger size.
They are similar to L. pusila MADLER(1963, p. 348, pI. 25, figs. 10-13) from the
Posidonian shales, borehole Etzel 24, Glockenberg near Doernten, brickyard Osterfeld near Goslar, W. Germany, but theformer is different from the latter inhaving thicker wall.
Genus Lancettopsis MADLER 1963
Type species: Lancettopsis lanceolata
M.i\DLER 1963.

Explanation of Plate 12(All figures magnified x 400)
Figs. 1-9. Tytthodiscus densiporosus n. sp. subsp. densiporosus n. subsp.
Figs. 1, 8: slide NNA-2-2; figs. 2, 7, 9: slide NNA-2-3; fig. 3: slide NNA-3-4·, fi g. 4 :slide NNA-2-5; fig. 5: slide NTE-3-1; fig. 6: slide NTE-3-2; fig. 2: holotype.
Figs. 10-15. Tytthodiscus densiporosus n. sp. subsp. minus n. subsp.
Fig. 10: slide NNA-2-2; figs. 11, 15: slide NNA-4-5; fig. 12: slide NNA-4-1·, fi gs. 13 , 14 :slide NNA-4-2; fig. 15: holotype.

TAKAHASHI and MATSUOKA:

Neogene mic1"ofossils

Plate 12

730.

Neogene microfossils from Niigata

Lancettopsis sp.
PI. 13, Fig. 11

Description: Body lanceolate, 124.2 f1mlong, 35.4 f1m wide. Wall smooth Oaevigate), very thin. Canals or pores notpresent on cell wall and no evidence of
pylome. Body outline irregular, always
conspicuously crumpled and plicated with
the numerous folds.
Occurrence: Very rare, Nanatani Formation (Early-Middle Miocene), Nakajocho, Niigata Prefecture.
Remarks: The genus Lancettopsis wasestablished by MADLER (1963, p. 351-353).
He (1963) distinguished the genera Lancettopsis and Campenia from the genus
Leiosphaeridia.

Lancettopsis

LanceoLata

MADLER (1963, p. 353, pI. 28, figs. 4-8;
pI. 29, figs. 1-3), which is the type speciesof the genus Lancettopsis, is only one
species of this genus and possesses muchlarger shell than the present specimen.

Subgroup Acanthomorphitae DOWNIE,EVITT & SARJEANT 1963
Genus Micrhystridium DEFLANDRE 1937
emend. DOWNIE & SARJEANT 1963
Type species: Micrhystridium inconspicuum (DEFLANDRE 1935) DEFLANDRE
1937.

Micrhystridium ariakense TAKAHASHI
PI. 14, Figs. 6a-b, 71971. Micrhystridium ariakense T AKAIIASIIl,
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S.
No. 81, p. 19-20, pI. 4, figs. 1-10

Dimensions: Test diameter 18x 16.5 f1m(Figs. 6a-b) to 19 X 14 f1m (Fig. 7) ; test wall
thin; length of spines less than 1 f1m.
Occurrence: Rare, Nanatani Formation

117(Early-Middle Miocene), Nakajo-cho andMinami-Imogawa, Shitada-mura, Niigata
Prefecture.
Remarks: Hitherto, one of the authors,
TAKAHASHI, described this species fromthe Pleistocene lower formation of the
Ariake Sea area, west Kyushu (T AKAHASHI, 1971) and from the Miocene formations in the Yeoungill Bay district, Korea(TAKAHASHI and KIM, 1979).
Genus Baltisphaeridium EISENACK 1958
emend. DOWKIE & SARJEANT 1963
Type species:

spinosum

Baltisphaeridium Longi-(EISENACK

1931)

EISE:\ACK1958.

Baltisphaeridium sphaeroides n. sp.
PI. 14, Figs. 8-9

Description: Test spherical to ellipsoidal, 45-50 f1m X 42-43.5 f1m in diameter.
Wall smooth, 1.8-2 f1m thick, spines very
fine, straight, 1-1.5 f1m long; number ofspines numerous. Wall surface always
more or less folded.
HoLotype: PI. 14, Fig. 9; 45 X 42 f1m indiameter; wall smooth, 1.8 f1m thick;spines very fine, straight, numerous, 11.2 f1m long; slide NNA-2-3; Nanatani
Formation (Early-Middle Miocene), 2 km
SSE of Sekizawa, Nakajo-cho, Kita-Kanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture.
Occurrence: Rare, Nakajo-cho, Nanatani Formation.
Comparison: This new species differs
apparently from Micrhystridium koraiense
TAKAHASHI (TAKAHASHI and KIM, 1979,'po 65, pI. 25, figs. 10-11, l4-15) and BaLtisphaeridiul1l kimurae TAKAHASHI (T AKAHASHI and KIM, 1979, p. 65-66, pI. 25,
figs. 35-36) from the Yonil Group, Korea
in having much larger size and very finespines.

118

Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI and Kazumi MATSUOKA
Baltisphaeridium nakajoense n. sp.

Genus Cymatiosphaera O. WETZEL 1933
emend.

PI. 14, Figs. 10-12

Description: Test originally spherical,
28.5-41.8 pm X 24-35 pm in diameter. Wallrelatively thin, 1-1.6 pm thick; spines

small, echinate or conical sometimes withtruncated or rounded tips, 0.8-1.5 pm high;number of spines numerous. Wall surface
always conspicuously folded.
Holotype: PI. 14, Figs. 11a- ; b30Ax 27.3
pm in diameter; wall 1.6 pm thick, spines
numerous, straight, echinate or conical.
with truncated or rounded tips; slide
NNA-2-3; Nakajo-cho, Kita-Kanbara-gun,
Niigata Prefecture.
Occurrence: Few, Nakajo-cho, Nanatani
Formation.
Comparison: The present specimens
are superficially similar to Baltisphaeridiwn aquaticllIIl TAKAHASHI and SHIMONO(1980, p. 10-11, pI. 1, figs. 1-9; pI. 2, figs.
1-6) from the Pleistocene Minoshirotori
lake deposits, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, but
the former differs from the latter in having much smaller size, thinner wall andmuch shorter spines.
Subgroup Herkomorphitae DOWNIE,EVITT & SARJEANT 1963

DEFLANDRE 1954

Type species: Cymatiosphaera radiata
O. WETZEL 1933.
Cymatiosphaera pulchella n. sp.
PI. 14, Figs. 13-14

Description: Shell spherical with 15-16
polygonal fields, 67.5 pm X 60-63 pm indiameter. Wall relatively thin, less than
2.5 pm thick. The width of the polygonal
fields varies from 21 to 27 pm. The
spines, muri of the networks, are relatively slender and shorter, 1.8-2.7 pm high.
The networks connect with the straightline.
Holotype: PI. 14, Figs. 14a-b; shell size
67.5 X 63 pm in diameter; width of the
networks 21-27 pm; muri 1.8-2.7 pm high;slide NNA-2-5; Nanatani Formation(Early-Middle Miocene), 2 km SSE of
Sekizawa, Nakajo-cho, Kita-Kanbara-gun,
Niigata Prefecture.
Occurrence: Few, Nanatani Formation,
Nakajo-cho.
Comparison: This new species is comparable with Cymatiosphaera globulosa
TAKAHASHI (1964, 1971) from the Oligocene Asagai Formation in the Joban coalfield and from the Pleistocene upper for-

Explanation of Plate 13(All figures magnified x 400)
Figs. 1-2. Tytthodiscus densiporosus n. sp. subsp. minus n. subsp.
Fig. 1: slide NNA-4-2; fig. 2: slide NNA-4-5.
Figs. 3-6. Leiosphaeridia d. /astigatirugosa (STAPLIN) DO\YNIE & SARJEA"T.
Fig. 3: slide NNA-4-2; fig. 4: slide NNA-4-1; fig. 5: slide NNA-4-5; fig. 6: slide NSH-5-5.
Figs. 7-10. Leiosphaeridia grandi/ormis n. sp.
Figs. 7, 8, 10: slide NNA-2-3; fig. 9: holotype, slide NNA-2-2.
Fig. 11. Lancettopsis sp.
Slide NNA-2-2.
Figs. 12-13. Leiosphaeridia 1Ilinuscula n. sp.
Slide NNA-2-2; fig. 12: holotype.

TAf(AHASHI

and MATSUOf(A:Neogene rnic?'ofossils

Plate 13

730.

Neogene microfossils from Niigata

mation of the Ariake Sea bottom, off thecoast of Kojiro, Shimabara Peninsula, but
the former differs from the latter in its
much larger size and much wider networks.
Acknowledgement

The authors thank Prof. Dr. S. MIGITA,
Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University,
for his valuable advice and providing someliterature on the classification of thePrasinophyceae.
References
BO:\EHA:\I, R. F. (1967): Devonian Tasmanites
from Michigan, Ontario, and northern Ohio.
Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci., 52, 163-173, pI. 1,
text·fig. l.
COOKSOK, I. C. and MANUM, S. (1960): On
Crassosphaera, a new genus of microfossils from Mesozoic and Tertiary deposits.
Nytt Mag. Bot., 8, 5-8, pIs. 1-2.
Do\\,xJE, C., EVITT, "V. R., and SARJEANT,
W. A. S. (1963): Dinoflagellates, hystrichospheres, and the classification of theacritarchs. Stanford Univ., pllble. Ceol.
Sci., 7, 3, 1-16.
DOWNIE, C. and SARJEANT, W. A. S. (1963):
On the interpretation and status of some
hystrichosphere genera. Palaeontology, 6,
1, 83-96.
- - and - - (1964): Bibliography and index
of fossil Dinoflagellates and acritarchs.
Mem. Ceol. Soc. Amer., 94, 1-180.
ElsENAcK, A. (1938): Hystrichosphaerideen
und verwandte Formen in baltischen Silur.
Z. Ceschiebeforsch., 14, 1-30, Taf. 1-4,
Abb. 1-7.
- - (1958): Tasmanites Newton 1875 undLeiosphaeridia N. G. als Gattungen derHystrichosphaeridea. Palaeontographica,A, 110, 1-3, 1-19, Taf. 1-2.
- - (1962): Mitteilungen liber Leiospharen
und liber das Pylom bei Hystrichospharen.
N. jb. Ceol. Paliiont., Abh., 114, 1, 58-80,
Taf. 2-4, 2 Abb.
- - (1963): Uber einige Arten der Gattung

119

Tasmanites NEWTON 1875. C rana Palynologica, 4, 2, 203-216, Taf. l.
- - (1965): Die Mikrofauna der Ostseekalke.
I. Chitinozoen, Hystrichospharen. N. jb.
Ceol. Palciont., Abh., 123, 2, 115-148.
- - (1972): Kritische Bemerkung zur Gattung Pterospermopsis (Chlorophyta, Ptasinophyceae). N. jb. Ceol. Paliiont., Mh.,
10, 596-601, 3 Abb.
FELIX, C. J. (1965): Neogene Tasmanites andLeiospheres from Southern Louisiana,
U. S. A. Palaeontology, 8, 1, 16-26, pIs.
5-8.
HEMER, D. O. and NYGREEN, P. W. (1967):
Algae, acritarchs and other microfossils
incertae sedis from the Lower Carboniferous of Saudi Arabia. Micropaleontology, 13, 2, 183-194, pIs. 1-3.
KEDVES, M. (1962): Noremia, a new microfossil genus from the Hungarian Eocene,and systematical and stratigraphical problems about the Crassinosphaeridae. Acta
Miner. Petrogr., Szeged., 15, 19-27, pIs.
1-2.
KOI2UMI, I. (1977): Diatom biostratigraphy
in the North Pacific region. Proc. 1st.
Inter. Congo Pacific Neog. Strat., 235-254.
KRIVAN-HuTTER, E. (1963): Microplankton
from the Palaeogene of the Dorog Basin
I. Ann. Univ. Sci. bpest. Rolando Eijtviis,
sec. Ceol., 6, 71-79, pls.1-6.
Mi-\DLER, K. (1963): Die figurierten organischen Bestandteile der Posidonienschiefer.
Beih. Ceo!. jb., 58, 287-406, 4 Abb., 3
Tab. Taf. 1-16.
MAIYA, S. (1978): Late Cenozoic planktonic
foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the oil-fieldregion of Northeast Japan. Cenozoic Ceol.
japan (Prof. N. Ikebe Mem. Vol.),35-60.
MORGEKROTH, P. (1966): Mikrofossilien und
Konkretionen des nordwesteuropaischen
Untereozans. Palaeontographica, B, 119,
1-3, 1-53, Taf. 1-11, Tab. l.
MUIR, M. D. and SARJEANT, W. A. S. (1971):
An annotated bibliography of the Tasmanaceae and of related living forms (Algae:
Prasinophyceae).
Microfossiles organiqlles dll Paleozoique, 3 Les Acritarches,
C. I. M. P., 59-117.
NAGY, E. (1965): The microplankton occur-

120

Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI and Kazumi MATSUOKA

ing in the Neogene of the Mecsek mountains. Acta Bot. Hung., 11, 197-216, pis.
1-6.
NAKASEKO, K. and SUGANO, K. (1973): Neogene Radiolarian zonation in Japan. Mem.
Ceol. Soc. Japan, 8, 23-34.
NEWTOX, E. T. (1875): On "Tasmanite" andAustralian white coal. Ceol. Mag. Ser. 2,
2, 8, 337-342, pI. 10.
NISHIDA, S. (1976): Late Cenozoic calcareous
nannofossils in the Pacific and the Japan
Sea sides.
Circular "Chronology andcorrelation in the Hokuriku district", 5257.
NOREM, W. L. (1955): Tytthodiscus, a new
microfossil genus from the California
Tertiary. Jour. Paleont., 29, 4, 694-695,
pI. 68.
PARKE, M., BOALCH, G. T., JOWETT, R., andHARBOUR, D. S. (1978): The genus Pterosperma (Prasinophyceae): species with asingle equatorial ala. J. mar. bioi. Ass.
U. K., 58, 239-276, pis. 1-14.
PILCHER, R. (1971): Mikrofossilien aus dem
Devon der siidlichen Eifer Kalkmulden.
Senckenbergiana Lethaea, 52, 4, 315-357,
Taf. 1-6, 8 Abb. 1 Tab.
SATO, T. and TOMOZAWA, A. (1979): Calcareous nannofossils from Furutsu 1 wellin Niigata oil fields and the PliocenePleistocene boundary. Jour. Jap. Ass.
Petrol. Technol., 44, 6, 372-376.

SCHOPF, J. M., WILSON, L. R., and BENTALL,
R. (1944): An annotated synopsis of
Paleozoic fossil spores and the definitionof generic groups.
Illinois State Ceol.
Surv., Rep. Invest., 91, 1-72.
SOMMER, F. W. (1953): 0 esporomorfas do
fohelho de Barreirinha, Brazil. Bolm. Div.
Ceol. Minu., Bras., 140, 1-49, text-figs.
1-8.
- - (1956): South American Paleozoic sporomorphae without haptotype structures.
Micropaleontology, 2, 2, 175-181, pis. 1-2.
SO~1tvIER, F. W. and BOEKEL, N.M. VA'-I(1963):
Some new Tasmanaceae from the Devonianof Para. Anais Acad. Bras. Cienc., 35,
1, 61-65.
- - and - - (1966): Revisao das Tasmanaceae Paleozoicas brasileiras. Anais Acad.
Bras. Cienc. 38" 53-65.
STAPLlN, F. L. (1961): Reef-controlled distribution of Devonian microplankton in Alberta. Palaeontology, 4, 3, 392-424, pis.
48-51, text-figs. 1-9.
TAKAHASHI, K. (1964): Microplankton fromthe Asagai Formation in the Joban coalfield. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan,
N.S., 54, 201-214, pis. 30-33.
- - (1971): Microfossils from the Pleistocene
sediments of the Ariake Sea area, west
Kyushu. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc.
Japan, N.S., 81, 11-26, pis. 2-5.
TAKAHASHI, K. and YAO, A. (1969): Plant

Explanation of Plate 14
Figs. 1-5. Pterospermella pterina n. sp.
Fig. 1: slide NNA-2-1, x200; fig. 2: slide NTE-7-10, x280; fig. 3: slide NNA-2-3, holotype, x 200; figs. 4, 5: slide NNA-2-2, x400.
Figs. 6-7. Micrhystridium ariakense TAKAHASHI x 1000
Figs. 6a-b: slide NNA-2-3; fig. 7: slide NNA-4-2.
Figs. 8-9. Baltisphaeridium sphaeroides n. sp. x400
Fig. 8: slide NNA-2-2; fig. 9: slide NNA-2-3, holotype.
Figs. 10-12. Baltisphaeridium nakajoense n. sp.
Figs. 10, 11a-b: slide NNA-2-3; fig. 10, 11b: x 1000; fig. 11a: x 400; figs. 11a-b: holotype;fig. 12: slide NNA-2-5, x 1000.
Figs. 13-14. Cymatiosphaera pulchella n. sp.
Fig. 13: slide NNA-2-1, x400; figs. 14a-b: slide NNA-2-5, holotype; fig. 14a: x400; fig.
14b: x600.
Fig. 15. Palambages sp.
Slide NNA-2-5, x 1000.

TAKAHASHI and MATSUOKA:

Neogene micTofossils

Plate 14

730. Neogene 'microfossils from Niigata
microfossils ,from the Permian sandstone
in the southern marginal area of the Tanba
belt. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan,
N. S., 73, 41-48, pis. 4-6.
·TAKAHASHI, K. and KIlVI, B. K. (1979): Palynology of the Miocene formations in theYeoungill Bay district, Korea. Palaeontographica, B, 170, 1-3, 10-80, pis. 1-28, 5
text-figs.
T AKAHASI-II, K. and SImvIONo, H. (1980):
Phytoplankton from the Minoshirotori lake
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Arts, Nagasaki Univ., Natural Sci., 20,
2, 7-18, pis. 1-2.
TIMOFEYEV, B. V. (1966): Investigations ofancient microplankton suites. Acad. Nauk.
SSSR, Lab. Geol. Dokembriya, 1-147.
UTECH, K. (1962): Uber eine TasmanitesArt aus dem mittleren Buntsandstein desHilsheimer Waldes. N. jb. Geol. Paliiont.,
Mh., 90-91.
WALL, D. (1962): Evidence from recent plankton regarding the biological affinites of
Tasmanites NEWTON, 1875 and Leiosphaeridia EISENACK, 1958. Geol. Mag.,99, 4, 353-362, pI. 17, text-figs. 1-2.
- - (1965): Microplankton, pollen, and spores

121

from the Lower Jurassic in Britain. Micropaleontogy, 11, 2, 151-190, pis. 1-9.
WAZYKSKA, H. (1967):
Wstepen badania
mikroflorystuczne osadow sinianu i Kambru z obszaru Bialowiezy. Kwart. Geol.,
2, 1, 10-19.
WETZEL, O. (1933): Die in organischen Substanz erhaltenen Mikrofossilien des Baltischen Kreide-Feuersteins mit einem sedimentpetrographischen und stratigraphischen Anhang. Palaeontographica, A, 77,
1-3, 147-186; 78, 1-110, Taf. 1-7.
- - (1961): New microfossils from Baltic
Cretaceous flintstones. Micropaleontology,
7, 3, 337-350, pis. 1-3.
WETZEL, W. (1952): Beitrag zur Kenntnis
des danzeitlichen Meeresplanktons. Geol.
jb., 66, 381-420.
WINSLOW, M. R. (1962): Plant spores andother microfossils from Upper Devonianand Lower Mississippian rocks of Ohio.
U. S. G. S. Prof. Paper, 364, 93 pp., 22 pis.
YAMANOI, T. (1979): Neogene pollen stratigraphy of the Oga Peninsula, Northeast
Honshu, Japan. jour. Geol. Soc. japan,
84, 2, 69-86.

Ishiji ;fi:it!!, Kariwa-gun )<IJ3J3Hlll, Kita-Kanbara-gun ~t¥illJJ.lC!lli, Minami-Imogawa M1L.SJil,
Nakajo-cho 9='~IIIT, Nanatani -!::;;fr, Niigata ~~, Nishiyama-cho iffillJlIIT, Santo-gun =:,1Mlll,
Sekizawa ~tR. Shiiya 1t.;fr, Shiraiwa S:E;, Shitada-mura "fm;ft, Tagami-cho mJ:IIIT, Teradomari $78, Tetoriga-fuchi ~lUI.?' IJIH

9='$ EI *~~~g[~1I~, 77.y / 1I~, 7 fl Y !J -'5- 0)~~fE*,cifl((11::.;fi: ~7~:it!!::1J O)~~=:*,c~g[~
1I~,

7'7 .y/1I~:j:o.l:Lf7 fl Y!J -'5-0)ifl((/J'77 "/fll- "/tc:.~-r7.>~1!f"'C';67.>o 8-?0)%mU~Ic:.~-r
77.y / 1I~0) l~:j:o.l: Lf7 fl Y !J -'5- 0) 8 ~il~F.C.Jl!\(; • ~~~nt.:o .:tnt::>
It. Tytthodiscus densiporosus n. sp. - subsp. densiporosus n. subsp., T. densiporosus n. sp.
subsp. minus n. subsp., Palambages sp., Pterospermella pterina n. sp., Leiosphaeridia d.
/astigatirugosa (STAPLIN) DOWNIE & SARJEANT, L. grandi/ormis n. sp., L. minuscula n.
sp., Lancettopsis sp., Micrhystridium ariakense TAKAHASHI, Baltisphaeridium sphaeroides n.
sp., B. nakajoense n. sp. :j:o.l: Lf Cymatiosphaera pulchella n. sp. "'C';6 7.>0
Tytthodiscus~, Crassosphaera~, Pleurozonaria~, Tasmanites~:j:o.l: '[,>( Leiosphaeridia~ O)%Jt~Et9~rJ.!!nc:.-?\',-c ~ <"(t.: o / { - fl ftl!. (1978) tc:..l:nfi, 11::.;fi~ Pterospermella lnli/E~
Pterosperma C Ji'iJ~"'C';6 7.>il~, *~~It. Pterospermella ~::ltAn7.>~ *- -e;6 7.>0c:.o).~KF.C.Jl!\(;~n~, c:.nt::>0) • • ttifl((~'77,,/fll-"/~EI* • • ~0)~~=:e~K:j:o~7.>~&~
Et9:j:o.l:Lf:it!!m~Et9~~o)~.~~K • • "'C';67.>o• • • • ~~.~
7.>~1I~0) 2 ~c 2 BE~,

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 122, pp. 122-126, July 15, 1981

731. NOTES ON THREE CYTHERELLOIDEAOSTRACODES FROM THE RYUKYUS*
TOMOHIDE NOHARA
Department of Earth Sciences, College of Education, University of the
Ryukyus, Tonokura 3-1, Naha, Okinawa 903

Abstract. Further information on the geographical and depth distribution of
three species of the ostracode genus Cytherelloidea, previously reported from the
Ryukyus, is presented. C. senkakuensis is widely distributed in both area and depth,
whereas C. asatoensis and C. hanaii have restricted area distribution and occur within
narrow depth ranges. C. asatoensis has different surface ornamentation in successive
molt stages, but C. hanaii and C. senkakuensis show few changes through molt stages.
The right and left valves of C. hanaii have different ornamentation.

southern part of East China Sea near
Senkaku-retto and from coral reefs
southeast of Komesu of Okinawa-jima.
The fossil specimens are from Somachi
Formation of Kikai-jima and Shinzato
Tuff, Chinen Sands, and Naha Limestoneof Okinawa-jima.
The sampling localities are listed below.

Introduction
Genus Cylherelloidea i::. one of the dominant constituents of tropical ostracodeassemblage. There are many studies on
this genus in Southeast Asia (LERoY, 1940
and 1941, KINGMA, 1948, VAN DEN BOLD,
1950, KEI], 1964, Hu, 1976 and 1977, andHu and CHENG, 1977). Previously, one
species of the genus Cytherelloidea wasreported from Honshu, Japan (ISHIzAKI,1968) and nine species from the Ryukyus(NOHARA, 1976).
Study of representatives of the genus
indicates that the type specimens for the
species C. shinzatoensis and C. yalzenaensis
are juvenile ins tars, and further researchis necessary to identify their adult forms.

Loc. l.-Senkaku·retto, 48 Stations (Lat. 25°
45'9"-27°47'5"N, Long. 123°7'-125°37'7"E)
Dredged sample: St. 8, Senkaku·retto, darkbrownish gray, fine to medium sand, 95 m
in depth, water temperature 18.5°C. indepth of 85 m. Dredged sample, Recent.
Loc. 2.-Komesu, Itoman City, Okinawa-jima.
St. 1, Komesu traverse section, about one
hundred meters from shoreline, 2 m indepth, 700 m S. E. of Komesu (Lat. 26°5'N,
Long. 127°43'E), Dredged sample, Recent.
Loc. 3a-d.-Somachi Formation, Kikai-jima. a,
No. 7512404A, 500 m east of Keraji (Lat.
28°7'N, Long. 128°59'E) gray siltstone,
Pliocene: b, No. 7512502A, 500 m north ofNagamine (Lat. 28°21'N, Long. 129°59'E),
1 m above road, gray siltstone: c, No.
7512507, 300 m S. E. of Isago (Lat. 28°21'

Sampling localities
The specimens discussed in this paper
are mainly from dredged samples in the* Received October 8, 1980; read Oct. 16,
1977 at Kumamoto University.

122

731.

Cytherelloidea ostracodes from Ryukyus

N, Long. 129°59'E), gray siltstone: d, No.
7512508C 1,400 m S. E. of [sago (Lat. 28°
21'N, Long. 129°59'E), 3 m above road,gray siltstone.
Loc. 4a-c.-Shinzato Tuff, Okinawa-jima. a,
No. 75122902D, the type locality about five
hundred meters southeast of Shinzato,
Sashiki (Lat. 26°9'5"N, Long. 127"46'7"E),bluish gray silty sand, 1 m above the tuff
bed of the base of the type locality, Pliocene: b, No. 7571602, about two hundred
meters east of Yakena near harbour,
Yonagusuku-son (Lat. 26°19'N, Long. 127°55'E) , brownish gray sand: c, No. 7592601,
1 km north of Asato, Gushichan-son (Lat.
26°7'30"N, Long. 127°44'E), dark graysiltstone, 4 m above the cultivated land.
Loc. 5.-Chinen Sands, the type locality, about
five hundred meters east of Kudeken,
Chinen-son, Okinawa-jima. No. 7571703(Lat. 26° 10'N, Long. 127°49'E), 3 m above
road, silty sand, Pleistocene.
Loc. 6a, b.-Naha Limestone. a, 100 m east of
National highway 51 and south of Machinato river, i\1achinato, Urasoe City, Okinawa-jima, No. 7512302 (Lat. 26°10'N,
Long. 127°44'E), soft brownish limestone,
Pleistocene: b, siltstone included in Naha
Limestone, Yokatsu Senior High School,
500 m south of Uchima, Yonagusuku-son(Lat. 26°19'N, Long. 127°54'E), gray siltstone.

Discussion

Recent species of the ostracode genus
Cytherelloidea seem to be restricted totropical and subtropical shallow marine
waters (MORKHOVEC\, 1963). In Japan,
however, the geographical range of
Cytherelloidea lIlunechikai extends to the
Uranouchi Bay of Kochi Prefecture (IsHIZAKI, 1968). The species is found in
Somachi Formation of Kikai-jima (Loc.
3a-d), Pliocene Shinzato Tuff (Loc. 4a),and Pleistocene Chinen Sands of Okinawajima (Loc. 5).
Cytherelloidea senkakuensis was originally reported from stations near Senkaku-

123

retto where the species is common andoccurs in the depth of 95 m to 370 m(NOHARA and TOMOYOSE, 1977). This
species is also found in very shallow
water of coral reefs near Komesu inSouthern Okinawa-jima (Loc. 2).
Cytherelloidea hanaii was first reported
from the Shinzato Tuff of Yakena,
Yonagusuku-son, Okinawa-jima (Loc. 4b).
Other fossil specimens of this species
have been found in different horizons of
the type locality of the Pliocene Shinzato
Tuff (Loc. 4a) and Pleistocene Chinen
Sands (Loc. 5) of Okinawa-jima. Living
specimens of C. hanaii have been recorded
between the depth range of 100 m and
150 m near Senkaku-retto (NOHARA and
TOlvIOYOSE, 1977), and thus the distribution of this species seems to be
restricted to narrow areas.
Cytherelloidea asatoensis was originallyreported from the Pliocene Shinzato Tuffin the north of Asato, Gushichan-son,
Okinawa-jima (Loc. 4c). Recent specimens
are also found in stations near Senkakuretto ranging from 100 m to 180 m indepth.
From KEU's measurements (1964), six
molt stages seem to exist in Cytherelloidea
sabahensis from Borneo. Specimens fromthe Ryukyus also suggest existence of atleast five or six molt stages In our
species as illustrated in Fig. 1.
The surface ornamentation is remarkably different between molt stages insome species and relatively conservativein the other. The surface ornamentation
changes from young instar to matureform in Cytherelloidea asatoensis withincrease in the size of valve (Fig. 1, f toa). On a juvenile valve (Fig. I-f) only
the marginal rim is well developed. In alater stage, central pit, median groove
and an inner ridge appear. Thereafter
two triangular pits develop: one in frontof and the other just above the central

124

Tomohide NOHARA
pit (Fig. I-e). In the next stage, innerridge is completed (Fig. I-d).
The
presence of three pits becomes distinct in
the next stage (Fig. I-c). Formation of
all surface features is completed in adultminus one stage (Fig. I-b). In the mature
stage (Fig. I-a) a wavy depression
becomes clearer between the marginal rim
and the inner ridge.
No clear change in surface ornamentation is apparent in the successive stagesof Cytherelloidea hanaii. Even in thejuvenile stage, marginal rim and ridge are
well developed. In Cytherelloidea senkakuensis, surface ornamentation including
ridges and pits changes slightly and moreor less continuously with the increase invalve size.
The surface ornamentation is generally
similar between the right and left valves,
but sometimes different between the twovalves, as is the case with Cytherelloidea
hanaii. On the left valves of C. hanaii(Fig. 2-a), a thick ridge runs continuously
from the posterodorsal margin toward
anterior, turns toward posterior making
an arch anteriorly, and terminates at theposteroventral margin. On the rightvalve, however, posterodorsal and posteroventral ridges extend parallel to eachother toward anterior (Fig. 2-b), but
become obscure in the anterocentral area.
Ridges of left and right valves havestrongly different outline in dorsal view(Fig. 2-c). In the left, marginal rim,ridge, and dorsal pit are present; on theright, however, only the posterior ridge
is distinctive. The differences of thesurface ornamentation between the left
and right valves may suggest unsymFig. 1. Sketches of Cytherelloidea asatoensis from juvenile (f) to adult (a) stage.
Magnification approximately x 30. Specimen
from the type locality of Shinzato Tuff,
Shinzato, Sashiki-son, No. 75122902 0 (Loc.
4a) .

731.

Cythe1'elloiclea ostmcocles f 1'01n Ryukyusa125

earlier from the Ryukyu islands, newinformation on Cy therelLoidea hanaii, C.
asatoensis, C. senkakuensis, and C. m unechi/wi is presented in this report. C.
nagoensis, C. sp. A and C. sp. B occur
very rarely and information at hand is not
sufficient to estimate their distribution
range.
Uncertainty exists concerning the diagnostic characters of two other species,
C. shinzaloensis and C. ya/zenaensis, because
the original descriptions were based on
juvenile instars.
I am greatly indebted to Dr. and Mrs.
H. P. SMITH for reading the first draftof the manuscript and also to Miss N.
TOMOYOSE for her drawings. This study
was partially financed by the Grant-in-Aid
for Cooperative Research of the Ministryof Education, Science and Culture, ProjectNo. 434042.

References CitedcFig. 2. Sketches of Cythe relloide a
hanaii showing differences of surface
ornamentation
between two va lves.
Specimen from Station 8 (Lat. 27'39'9"
N, Long. 125°37'7"E) of Senkaku-retto(Loc . 1) . a. lateral vie,v of left val ve
x 75, b . lateral vi ew of ri g ht valve x 75 ,c. dor sal v iew of carapace x 75

metrical orientation of carapaces during
life time.
In conclusion, among C. asatoensis, C.
hanaii, C. munechi /wi , C. nag oensis, C.
sen /w/wensis, C. shinzatoensis, C. yakenaensis, C. sp. A, and C. sp. B reported

BOLD, W. A. V A N DE N (1950) : H emiilri the, a
new genus of Ostracoda from the Indopacific. Ann. Mag. N at . H ist. , ser. 12, vol.
3, p. 900- 904, t ext-fig . l.
H u, C. H. (1976) : Studies on the Pliocene
ostracodes from the Cholan formation ,Miaoli district, Taiwan. Pro c. Ceol. So c.
China, no. 19, p . 25- 51 , pI. 1- 3, tex t-fig.
1- 20 .
- - (1977) : Studi es on ostracodes from thePl eistocene Tonkoshan Formation in the
Miaoli area, Taiwan. P roc. Ceol. S oc
China, no. 19, p . 80- 107, pI. 1-4, text-fig .
1- 20.
- - and Y. N . C HENG (1977) : Ostracodesfrom th e Late Pleistoce ne Lungkang Formation near Miaoli , Ta iwan . M em . Ceol.
So c. China, no. 2, p. 191 - 205 , pI. 1- 3,
text-fig. 1- 13.
ISHI ZA KI , K. (1968) : Ostracodes from Uranouchi Bay, Kochi Prefecture , Japan. S ci.
R ep . Tohoku Univ . 2nd ser. (Ceol. ) , vol.
40 , no. 1, p. 1- 45 , 17 te x t-figs, pIs. 1-9.

126

Tomohide NOHARA

KEIJ, A. J. (1964): Neogene to Recent speciesof Cytherelloidea (Ostracoda) from northwestern Borneo. Micropaleontology, vol.
10, no. 4, p. 415-430.
KING?>1A, J. T. (1948): Contributions to theknowledge of the Young-Caenozoic Ostracoda from the Malayan region. Thesis
University of Utrecht, 119, 11 pI., 3 textfig.
LeRoy, L. W. (1940): The ostracode genus
Cytherelloidea from the late Tertiary of
the Nederlands East Indies. Natuurkd.
Tijdschr. Ned .. lndie, vol. 100, no. 4, p.
179-196, pI. l.
- - (1941): The ostracode genus Cytherel-

loidea from the Tertiary of the Nederlands
East Indie. f. Paleont., vol. 15, no. 6, p.
612-621, pI. 83.
MORKHOVEN, F.P.C.M. VA); (1963): PostPaleozoic Ostracoda vol. 2, 478 pp. Elsevier.
Nor-lARA, T. (1976): The ostracodes genus
Cytherelloidea from the Ryukyus. Bull.
Coll. Educ. Univ. Ryukyus, no. 20, pt. 2,
p. 1-6.
- - and TOMOYOSE, N. (1977): Note on a
few Cytherelloidea ostracodes from East
China Sea, Okinawa. Marine Sciences,vol. 9, p. 46-48. (in Japanese).

~E£t7~,IZ,'@:ffil%;g Cytherelloidea ~lc"?~'-C: ~~7~lHjgjVffr~f\,;JlJf3;g Cytherelloidea )i~O)=:{tC. hanaii, C. asatoensis, C. senkakuensis IC "?~ '-c~M L t-::o C. hanaii
C. asatoensis It, .::cn-fn 100~150m, 100~180m 0)~JJt5J'::(ji>a:-ffiL-C~'Z,;/J; C. senkakuensis It, 1~300m O)~JJt5J'c1P>a:-ffiL-C~'Z,oc. asatoensis It, fB!:O)~lID O)~MIHtJmSi:::: c IC2Nt>a:-lf; L -C ~,< ;/J;, C. hanaii c C. senkakuenlI!fIJRiWlJ't
sis It~afljlclm~t.J:2r(tltJi!.Gnt<n'o C. hanaii Ittr:tiO)fB!:O)~af!ilt~-:>-C~'z,oTrans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan, N. S., No. 122, pp. 127-134, pI. 15, july 15, 1981

732.

A NEW CLINOCARDIUM FROM THE O~IAGARI FORMATION
OF THE OMBETSU GROUP, KUSHIRO COAL FIELD,
EASTERN HOKKAIDO*YUT AKA HONDA
Department of Earth Science, Mie University, Kamihama, Tsu 514

Abstract. The Omagari Formation (Oligocene) yields characteristic marine molluscan fossils which are called the Poronaian fauna C"lIzc);Q, 1964). The author
describes a new species of Clinocardium based on 419 specimens collected from 20
localities of the formation, and discusses the relationship with one of the Oligocene
index fossils, Clinocardium asagaiense (~1AKIYA:-IA). This new species is one of theearliest representatives of Clinocardiu11l, because the genus is considered to haveoriginated during Oligocene in North japan and Sakhalin, USSR (KAFA);QV, 1974).
C. asagaiense which has been reported by several authors from various localities of
the Urahoro and Ombetsu Groups in the Kushiro coal field, without figures, requires
re·examination in view of the occurrence of the new species.

the Tokomuro district, western part of
the Kushiro coal field, is composed mainlyof fine-grained sandstone and sandy siltstone, with a thin gravelly coarse-grainedsandstone or granular conglomerate layer
at the base (Ym, 1975 MS). The formation is narrowly distributed in a N-S
trend in such rivers and valleys as theTaron-no-sawa, the Pon-otakobushi-zawa,the Sango-zawa, the Kenamichichippuzawa, the Fukuyama-gawa, the Tokomurogawa, etc. (Ym, 1975 MS).
The Omagari Formation in the Tokomuro district ranges in thickness from 50
to 170 m, and is conformably overlain by
the Charo Formation and unconformably
underlain by the Shakubetsu, the Shitakaraor the Rushin Formations of the Urahoro
Group (Ym, 1975 MS). Table 1 shows
the stratigraphic classification III the
Tokomuro district.
The Omagari Formation contains marine

Introduction

The Ombetsu Group (Oligocene) in theKushiro coal field, eastern Hokkaido, canbe divided into the Omagari, the Charoand the Nuibetsu Formations in ascendingorder, and yields abundant and characteristic marine molluscan fossils called thePoronaian fauna (MIZUNO, 1964). The
Omagari Formation was proposed by
SASA (1940a, b) and its type locality is
located at Omagari, middle course of theCharo-gawa (river),
Shiranuka-machi,
Shiranuka-gun, northwestern part of thecoal field. The formation is characterized
by greenish gray medium- to fine-grainedsandstone and ranges in thickness from50 to 110 m in the coal field (SASA,
1940a, b).
The Omagari Formation developed in--; Received October 25, 1980; read january
26, 1980 at Tsukuba.

127

Yutaka HONDA

128

Table 1. Stratigraphic classification in the
Tokomuro district (YUI, 1975MS).
GROUP

AGE

FORMATION

Holocene~lluvium

Pleistocene

Terrace deposits
Hombetsu Formation

Pliocene- - - - - - ---r-1iocene.;;.tsunai

Atsunai Formation

Group

Tokomuro Formation
Nuibetsu Formation

OmbetsuCharo Formation
Group
Omagari Formation

Oligocene

Shakubetsu Formation

Late

Cre~.-

Paleocene

CrahoroShitakara Formation
Yubetsu Formation

Group

RushinNemuroKawaruppu Formation

Group

Katsuhiru Formation

Formationmolluscan fossils including such species as
Yoldia laudabilis YOKOYAMA, Portlandia
watasei (KAKEHARA), Nucula (Ennucula)n. sp., Acila brevis NAGAO and HUZIOKA,
Venericardia laxata YOKOYAMA, V. tokudai
TAKEDA.. Conchocele bisecta (CONRAD),
NemocardiulIl ezoense TAKEDA, Clinocardium omagariense, n. sp., Jvlyagrewingki
MAKIYAMA, Periploma besshoense (YOKOYAMA), Tu rritella p01'Onaiensis TAKEDA,"Ampullina" asagaiensis MAKIYAMA, Tromin ina ? ezoana (TAKEDA), etc. (Yur, 1975
MS).
Three species and three subspecies ofClinocardium have been described from
Paleogene formations of Japan and
Sakhalin, USSR, and these are Clinoca rdium asagaiense asagaiense (MAKIY AMA)
and Clinocardium asagaiense makiyamae
KAMADA from the Asagai Formation of
the Uchigo Group, Joban coal field, Northeast Japan, Clinocardium asagaiense aralwwae KAMADA from the Iwaki andAsagai Formations of the Uchigo Group,and Clinocardium matchgarense (MAKIYAMA) and Clinocardium yamasakii (MAKIYAMA) from horizons 5 and 6 (Marie
Formation) at Matchgar, northern Sakhalin,

USSR, respectively (CYAMA, MIZUNO andSAKAMOTO, 1960; KAMADA, 1962).
KEEN (1973) listed a total of 24 Oligocene
to Recent species of Clinocardium fromJapan and Sakhalin, including the above
species. A key to the 13 species ofClinocardiulll which had been describedfrom Tertiary and Quaternary formationsof Japan and Sakhalin was summarized
by HIRAYAMA (1955).
The genus ClinocardiuJll is considered
to have originated in the northwestern
Pacific (North Japan and Sakhalin) in the
Oligocene and migrated to the north andeast during Miocene time (KAFANOV,
1974), and this genus is essentially anorthern group of cockles (HERTLEIN and
GRANT, 1972).
In this paper, the author describes anddiscusses a new species of Clinocardium
based on Yur's (1975 MS) specimens of
419 individuals collected from graysandy siltstone, fine-grained sandstone orgray siltstone at 20 localities of theOmagari Formation in the Tokomuro
district, western part of the Kushiro coal
field. Maps of the Tokomuro district
indicating fossil localities are shown in
Figs. la, b.
Several conflicting views have been
proposed as to the ages of the Urahoro
and Ombetsu Groups in the coal field.
For instance, SASA (1940a, b) summarized
the stratigraphy of the coal field andconsidered that the Urahoro and Ombetsu
Groups are Miocene from the stratigraphical viewpoint, but ASANO (1962) consideredthat they are Eocene from the smaller
foraminiferal viewpoint.
The author
regards both groups as Oligocene in age,following
the evidence of Mollusca(T AKEDA, 1953; OYAMA, MIZUNO andSAKAMOTO, 1960; MIZUNO, 1964) andpaleobotany (T ANAl, 1970). The ages ofboth groups will be discussed in detail at
another opportunity.

732.

Clinocardinrn frorn the Kushiro Coal Field

OM - 21
OM-22

Rushinv,..",~/
0,..

oFig. la.

Map showing fossil localities in the southern Tokomuro district.

Urahoro-\Fig. lb.

Map showing fossil localities in the northern Tokomuro district.

129

Yutaka HONDA

130

Acknow ledgments

The author expresses his deep gratitude
to Professor Tamio KOTAKA, Institute ofGeology and Paleontology, Tohoku University, an4 to Professor Jun Yamada,
Department of Earth science, Mie University, for their continuous encourgements
during the course of the present study
and their critical readings of the manuscript. Deep appreciation is also expressed
to Dr. Kenshiro OGASA WAR A, Institute ofGeology and Paleontology, Tohoku University, for his valuable advice during thepresent study, and to Dr. Alan G. BEU,
Department of Scientific and Industrial
Reseach, New Zealand Geological Survey,
for his critical reading of the manuscript.
Thanks are also due to Dr. A. Myra KEEN,
Professor Emeritus of Stanford University,
USA, for her helpful comments on the
manuscript. The author is also indebted
to Mr. Shohei OTOMO of the Tohoku
University, for his aid with photography.
Description of New Species

Family Cardiidae
Subfamily Laevicardiinae
Genus Clinocardium KEEN, 1936
Clinocardium omaga riense

HONDA, n. sp.
PI. 15, Figs. 1-13

Description :-Shell small to medium,
obliquely rounded, moderately inflated,inequilateral and rather thin. Antero- andposterodorsal margins braodly arched,
ventral margin well-rounded. Posterior
margin obliquely subtruncated. Beaks situated somewhat anteriorly, inconspicuous,incurved and prosogyrate. Apical angle
about 120 to 130°. Height of shell a little

Obscure ridge
shorter than length.
running from beak to posteroventral
corner.
Surface sculptured with about 40 to 50
subrounded radial ribs, which are ornamented with cross-threads and are muchwider than the interspaces. Surface also
sculptured with numerous feeble growthlines and a few, more distinct periodic
lines of growth. Escutcheon inconspicuous. Ligament external, opisthodetic andnarrow. Hinge area and inner surface
sculpture unknown.
Dimensions :-Dimensions are shown in
Table 2.
Depository:-Holotype (IGPS* colI. cat.
no. 95740-1) and five paratypes (IGPS colI.
cat. nos. 95740-2, 95740-3, 95740-4, 95740-5, 95740-6).
Comparison:- The present new species
resembles
Clinoca1'dium
asagaiense
asagaiense (MAKIY AMA, 1934, p. 139, pI.
5, figs. 20, 22, 23), originally describedfrom the Asagai Formation of the Uchigo
Group, Joban coal field, Northeast Japan.
But the new species is distinguished fromC. asagaiense asagaiense by its more
numerous radial ribs being wider than
the interspaces.
It also resembles Clinocardiu7ll asagaiense
arakawae KAMADA (1962, p. 105, pI. 10,
figs. 15-17), originally described from the
Asagai Formation of the Uchigo Group,
but it differs from this subspecies in its
more inflated shell. The present new
species also resembles Clinocardium
asagaiense makiyamae KAMADA (1962, p.
104, pI. 10, figs. 18-21), originally describedfrom the Asagai Formation, but the new
species differs in having a smaller shell,
more numerous radial ribs, and the radialribs wider than the interspaces.
It is allied also to ClinocardiuJIl yamasakii* Abbreviation for the Institute of Geology
and Paleontology, Tohoku University, Sendai,
Japan.

732.
Table 2.

Clinocardium from the Kushiro Coal Field
Measurements (in mm) of Clinocardium omagariense, n. sp.

IGPS call. cat. no.

Lac .. no.

HeightLength95740-1 (Ho1otype)

OM-32

26.2

95740-2 (Paratype)

OM-32

27.4

95740-3 (Paratype)OM-32

95740-4(Paratype)OM-32

95740-5 (Paratype)OM-32

95740-6
95740-7(Paratype)131

No. of radial ribs
Right
Left

H/L(%)Width

W/L(%)

29.2

89.7

18.8/2

32.2

44

37+

Both

25.5

107.5

16.4/2

32.2

33+

·35+

Both

27.0

31. 9

84.6

18.2/2

28.5

45

44

Both

24.4

28.0

87.1

16.0/2

28.6

46

45

Both

23.4

24.2

96.7

14.9/2

30.8

50

50

Both

OM-32

23.0

23.3

98.7

14.0/2

30.0

36+

42

Both

OM-32

22.7

24.3

93.4

14.0/2

28.8

-

44

Both

Valve

95740-8

OM-32

23.7

--

--

7.0

--

39+

-

Right

95740-9

OM-32

18.7

21.6

86.6

12.5/2

28.9

41

41

Both

95740-10

OM-32

13.1

14.6

89.7

8.3/2

28.4

41

42

Both

(MAKIYA:'vIA, 1934, p. 138, pI. 5, figs. 21,24), originally described from horizon 6 at
Matchgar, northern Sakhalin, USSR, but
it differs from C. yamasakii by its more
numerous radial ribs and by having theradial ribs much wider than the interspaces.
It is allied also to Clinocardium
matchgarense (MAKIYAMA, 1934, p. 137,
pI. 5, figs. 30, 31), originally describedfrom horizon 5 at Matchgar, but it canbe discriminated from the latter by its
more numerous and squarer radial ribs.
Remarks :-A total of 419** individuals
collected by YUI (1975 MS) was examined.
They occur in groups in gray sandy
siltstone, fine-grained sandstone or graysiltstone at 20 localities of the Omagari
Formation in the Tokomuro district,western part of the kushiro coal field.
The majority of the specimens are moderately well-preserved conjoined valves withrather thin tests, although the edges ofmost specimens are lacking. Drillings ofgastropods are observed on the surfacesof such specimens as PI. 15, Figs. 1-4, 6,
10, 12, 13 at Loc. OM-32.

** One individual is regarded as more thanhalf of a separated valve or a conjoined pairof valves.

Besides the present new species fromthe Omagari Formation, Clinocardium
asagaiense has been reported from the
Urahoro and Ombetsu Groups in theKushiro coal field by several authors: theOmagari, the Charo and the Nuibetsu
formations of the Ombetsu Group (T AKEDA, 1953); the Shitakara Formation of
the Urahoro Gaoup, the Omagari, theCharo and the Nuibetsu Formations of theOmbetsu Group (MATSUI, 1962); theOmagari Formation (INOUE and SUZUKI,
1962; MITANI, FUJIWARA and ISHIYAMA,
1964; SOGABE, 1967) ; the Green Sandstone
Member of the Okuhombetsu Formation(MITANI, HASHIMOTO, YOSHIDA and ODA,
1959). C. cf. asagaiense has been recorded
from the Omagari Sandstone Member of
the Charo Formation in the Tokomuro
district (ODA, NEMOTO and UEMURA,
1959), the Charo Siltstone Member of theCharo Formation (MIZUNO, SATO and
SUMI, 1963), the Charo and Nuibetsu
formations (MIZUNO, 1964); and Clinocardium kushiroense KANNO (nom. nud.)from the Omagari Formation (MABUCHI,
1962; MIZUNO, 1964). The Green Sandstone Member of the Okuhombetsu Formation is correlative of the Omagari

132

Yutaka HONDA

Formation.
Specimens that have been reported fromthe Urahoro and Ombetsu Groups as C.
asagaiense, C. d. asagaiense and C.
kushiroense require re-examination in viewof the occurrence of the new species, as
they were not figured in the originalreports. The new species is one of theearliest representatives of Clinocardium,
because the genus is considered to haveoriginated in North Japan and Sakhalin,
USSR during Oligocene time (KAF ANOV,
1974).
Associated fauna:- The new species iscommonly associated with Portlandia
watasei, Yoldia laudabilis, Venericardia
tokudai, "Ampullina" asagaiensis, andsometimes with Vene rica rdia laxata,
Periploma besshoense, Turritella poronaiensis, Trominina? ezoana etc. (compiled
from: Yur, 1975 MS).
Locality and Formation:OM-01: roadside cutting along the middle
course of the Rushin-gawa, Urahoro-machi,
Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido (Lat. 42°59'44/1N,
Long. 143°41'8/1E).
OM-02: roadside cliff along a small northwestern tributary of the Rushin-gawa, Urahoro-machi, Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido (Lat.
42°58'30/lN, Long. 143°40'46/1E).
OM-03: ditto (about 130 m SE of OM-02) (Lat.
42°58'28/1N, Long. 143°40'49/1E).
OM-05: roadside cliff along a northwesterntributary of the Urahoro-gawa, Urahoromachi, Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido (Lat. 42°
56'57/1N, Long. 143°40'10/lE).
OM-06: roadside cliff along the Taron-no-sawa,a tributary of the Rushin-gawa, Urahoromachi, Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido (Lat. 42°
59'14/1N, Long. 143°43'42/1E).
OM-07: riverside cliff along the Pon-otakobushi-zawa, a tributary of the Rushin-gawa,
Urahoro-machi, Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido(Lat. 42°58'36/1N, Long. 143°42'2/1E).
OM-08: ditto (about 140 m SE of OM-07) (Lat.
42°58'32/1N, Long. 143°42'5/1E).
OM-ll: riverside cliff along the Otakobushizawa, a tributary of the Rushin-gawa,

Urahoro-machi, Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido(Lat. 42°57'56"N, Long. 143°42'18"E).
OM-14: riverside cliff along the 5)ango-zawa,a tributary of the Rushin-gawa, Urahoromachi, Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido (Lat. 42°
56'56/1N, Long. 143°41'32/1E).
OM-15: riverside cliff along the uppermost
stream of the Sango-zawa, a tributary of
the Rushin-gawa, Urahoro-machi, Tokachigun, Hokkaido (about 600 m SW of OM14) (Lat. 42°56'47/1N, Long. 143°41'10/lE).
OM-16: riverside cliff along the Rushin-gawa,
Urahoro-machi, Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido(Lat. 42°57'16"N, Long. 143°42'20/lE).
OM-17: riverside cliff along an eastern tributary of the Rushin-gawa, Urahoro-machi,
Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido (Lat. 42°56'51/1N,
Long. 143°42'8"E).
OM-21: riverside cliff along a northwesterntributary of the Tokomuro-gawa, Urahoromachi, Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido (Lat. 42°
53'3/1N, Long_ 143°42'48/1E).
OM-22: ditto (about 130 m E of m.1-21) (Lat.
42°55'2/1N, Long. 143°42'54/1E).
OM-24: riverside cliff along the upperstreamof the Kenamichippu-zawa, a tributary of
the Tokomuro-gawa, Urahoro-machi, Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido (Lat. 42°54'33/1N,
Long. 143°42'58"E).
OM-25: riverside cliff along the Fukuyamagawa, Urahoro-machi, Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido (Lat. 42°52'54/1N, Long. 143°42'41/1E).
OM-26: ditto (about 70 m SE of OM-25) (Lat.
42° 52'53/1N, Long. 143°42'44"E).
OM-28: ditto (about 170 m S of OM-26) (Lat.
42°52'47/1N, Long. 143°42'44/1E).
OM-29: riverside cliff along a southern tributary of the lowerstream of the Tokomurogawa, Urahoro-machi, Tokachi-gun, Hokkaido (Lat. 42°50'53/1N, Long. 143°42'10/1
E).

OM-32: riverside cliff along the Urahoro-gawa,
about 1,250 m NNE from the junction between the Urahoro-gawa and the Tokomuro-gawa, Urahoro-machi, Tokachi-gun,
Hokkaido (Lat. 42°52'24/1N, Long. 143°40'
32/1E) (type locality). All the localities
are in the Omagari Formation (Contr.
YUI, 1975MS).

732.

Clinocardium from the Kushiro Coal F~eld

References
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YUI, S. (1975MS): [Stratigraphical study inYutaka HONDA

134

the northern part of U rahoro-machi,
Tokachi-gun, HokkaidoJ. Mster's Thesis,

Inst. Geol. Paleont., Tohoku Univ., 87+
22p., 10 pis. (in Japanese, title translated).

Atsunai JJI*J, Charo 1f-~, Fukuyama mill, Hombetsu *JJIJ, Katsuhira t.!i.ljZ, Kawaruppu)IIVfE;fp, Kenamichippu-zawa 'T -r ~ 7- "/ :tiR, Nuibetsu KliiJJIJ, Okuhombetsu ~*JJIJ, Omagari-}(illl, Ombetsu 'lifJJIJ, Otakobushi-zawa ;;t ~ ::z :t .,;tiR, Pon-otakobushi-zawa ;f-:/;;t ~ ::z :t .,;tiR,
Rushin WiJlt, Sango-zawa ='~iR, Shakubetsu RJJIJ, Shitakara 'l§"~, Taron-no-sawa ~ p :/ /iR, Tokomuro m-~, Urahoro im~, Yubetsu tftJJIJ~t$:i]iJififfi~ll~*63, 'lifJJIJJli/¥-}(illlJlil' I? (7) Clinocardium (7)-mfiR: 'lifJJIJJli/¥ (ilWim1!t) It. r$
il'l?-}(illlJl, 1f-~JI, KliiJJIJJl(7)=.Jlt;::IK?t~tL, ~l*Jlib¥lJi/¥ (MIZUNO, 1964) cilflftLG 3!-< (7)~~B'-Jt..:~1*libIlo/.J1t:Pi/¥~.ilil:'t" G 0 &Jll~*63l!!i$(7)m-~:II!!.~I7)-}(illlJlIt.±'t;::k4B*-lL$:!6-, J1(~$~.,;t Iv r :!6-il'

GJilt IJ, Yoldia laudabilis, Portlandia watasei, Acila brevis, Venericardia laxata, Conchocele
bisecta, Periploma besshoense, Turritidla poronaiensis, "Ampul/ina" asagaiens!s t..: (7)$~~c

1*!lJlJ¥lJ1t:P~~i" G (YUI, 1975 MS)o~~It.-}(illlJlI7)J1(~li'.P~.,;t Iv r:!6-, k4B*11i11:!6-, J1(~.,;t Iv r :!6-<P(7)20.ilil::II!!.il' I? YUI (1975MS) t;:: J: ":)"(l*~~tLt.::419001*I7)~;;lq;::~-?~, Clinocardium (7)-mflt~&:lIitL.., ~15-i"Go *mfiRlt.m-~*m(7)I*J~Jli/¥l:l~JI~ J: T.J. :Pi1J;Jlil, I? &:lIit~tL "(\" G, Clinocardium asagaiense asagaiense, C.
asagaiellse arakawae, C. asagaiense makiyamae t..: c MWi" G il~, :I1d.j-.llJJ(7)~, ?i-M, 1i2:M.IIJJ
1i2:M.llJJr.., (7).l:tifit..: il~At..: G}i;i; -eIKJJIJ ~tLG 0
1!t*, ~1I~~*63(7)rm~Jli/¥RT.J.'lifJJIJJli/¥il'I?It., C. asagaiense, C. cf. asagaiense RO: C. kushiroense KA:\m (nom. nud.) il~'fIt15"~tL"(\"Gil~, 19(ff.;~tLt.::~*Ii.t..:<, .:.tLl?(7)fiRl7)foIiiJli/¥il'l?
(7).iIil:!:IH;::"?\"ni~~llt~~i"Go*63 rl'i-cccExplanation of Plate 15(All figures in natural size)
Figs. 1-13. Clinocardium omagariense HONDA, n. sp. fig. 1, rGPS colI. cat. no. 95740-7, Loc.
OM-32; figs. 2a-c, rGPS coli. cat. no. 95740-1 (Holotype), Loc. OM-32; fig. 3, rGPS coil.
cat. no. 95740-8, Loc. OM-32; figs. 4a-c, rGPS coli. cat. no. 95740-4 (Paratype), Loc. OM32; figs. 5a-b, rGPS coli. cat. no. 95740-2 (Para type) , Loc. OM-32; figs. 6a-b, rGPS coli.
cat. no. 95740-3 (Paratype), Loc. OM-32; figs. 7a-b, rGPS coli. cat. no. 95224-1, Loc. OM29; figs. 8a-c, rGPS colI. cat. no. 95224-2, Loc. OM-29; figs. 9a-c, IGPS coli. cat. no. 952243, Loc. OM-29; figs. 10a-b, rGPS coli. cat. no. 95740-10, Loc. OM-32; figs. lla-b, IGPS
coli. cat. no. 95740-9, Loc. OM-32; figs. 12a-b, IGPS colI. cat. no. 95740-6 (Paratype), Loc.
OM-32; figs. 13a-b, rGPS coil. cat. no. 95740-5 (Para type) , Loc. OM-32.

HO NDA :Clinocardium from Kushiro

Plate 15

2a

2b

2e

3

4e

Sa

Sa

Se

ge

lO a

l 2a

lOb

ll a

13 a

95'JpO

l 3b

135
PROCEEDI NGS OF THE PALAEO NTOLOGICALSOCIETY OF JAPANB *"iS~!ftIJ"t~~ 127 @]19tJ~
o E12ji:r!i' ~E!j0~~ §R ~ §R 'fl ( ~!ilU 'm O).J. jl It.- (~1~)

EI /ji:,!,:tE!j0~ §R ~ 127Iill tJll §R 7J; 1981 if: 6 li2 1 EI

1J'7'C JI!Z 1.-1-::0) -C, un 27 1!I11YII ~ O)t~ i'n:::'~'M: ,,~· rl *I:::. Wi~I,§ll.j(~;J&W~;'t4l-C· lmmi 2' ;/1., t.::.o~Hjl~·i:::.Jt\~~ L t.::.olOS;?:.)@ ~~.

Paleogene planktonic Foraminifera from
Hokkaido " ",', ..... .. ... " ... MAIYA , S"
INOUE , Y ., lcH INOS EI(I, T. and M URATA, y,
Notes on planktonic Foraminifera from
Paleogene formations in Hokkaido ..... . . .
. .. .. . . .. .. .. . . . . , .............. K AIHO, K.
" Lepido cyclina, Miogypsina" BE :1\ f~i.\~ 0) fi'.!Ift

i1A f-rL:tU:::.--::ll'-C .. .. .. , .. ......... ~liqjH.~ .EElm~M~O)~m~:tEK~ft~tT:i ....
.... . .. .. .. . ..... • • ~ffl · ~N~~~
ui~\ irl'O):::l 7 K H - 79- 3,

jJ!11/.Effiti*'.,...

J)H~=F!ihirpO)::I 7

C - 6 O)~*Iff.I(i'L{* lto)

j(~ !&"jill • Jfr ~2p IJfj • iW)f# l1~ IE( KH79 -3- C6) r.pO)~{t T:iltf~1J;7f;-tI&;7j(JWO)i1i}i)tJ£t~. . , ... .... . ". , .. .

..... : . ........... jlilJEEIrliJjl; · }~ IJ:I:;kL~ • ~t .1I!
r,f' • 'HRfi!r • iYJjJHW:= fljl • ~ tt fHt: • Jf,(~ijc'i~1j
A new co ral species from the Upper
Pal eozoic in Huancavelica Departme nt ,Central Peru . ..... , ........... ... , ..... .. .
... . YAVIAG I\VA, N . and VILL AC ICENS IO, E.

-tt '/ ::I'I(ft.i\i\NNOf)iJi:H:::'i\i\('p Lt.::.l1:jiim~ .. ... .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 'J '~~=. • ml~tt*
flIR 1tT:i-tt:/ ::tf((~ (9='Jfr l!1: ) . .... ... ·· ··, · ····.... l"j lJ:lJ;\J;A ' *lm.9J!il · ':f'U.IR:B • ~IIII1fr±

0 19Sl "!'· 6 .1'1 20 1=1 i:::.h;b;/1.,t.::.~n?iiw ~~ -c·(j(O);rl'iY~\O)AM §R ~ij\:~?,i!, Lt.::.oC A §R~J ~~*Mm , ~A. ,2ji:N~ - ,i§-tIWjIJ, *J~HlJ 7~ , T:i f4tf(P.lFl,~ , a2ji: ~ ~,1S;f,)
C ;lH~l1'J

Q+m, ~W&~**a_, fr~R , *~. , ~ *% ~1'j'i}~~ifr,'otlHEI 2' v:j;.m*, * ~~~ , ~ ~~~( U~ji?iIFIWi sJ: (tL!:: 1 ;?:.)

Mo lluscan fossils from the Ombetsu Groupin the Kushiro coal field , eastern Hokkaido.... .. .... ... ...... .. ... . , ... .. . HONDA, y,Some molluscs from the lower part of theKurotaki Formation in the Mt. Mitsuishi
area , 80so Peninsula . . . , ., ..... " .. ', . . ".
. ...... . . , ... . A SAGA, M. and K AWABE , T,
A few molluscs from the Upper horizon of
the Kurotaki Formation in the Yoro River
area , 80so Peninsula . . . , . . . , ... ,., ...... ,.
.. KAW ABE, T" ASAG A, M, and INOUE , A .

136*~rrilfIBilli*il¥.O)

Cassiopidae I:'-,)~'-C ....
...................•..........•... lJIIIfJ\:;!,tH
Trigonia (s.s.) from Moquegua, Southern
Peru ............................ '......... .
.. MAEDA, S., MORALES, L. and KAWABE, T.

~t:fL')+lm EI t!'<;1:IW~t!1n:.Wnl'll ~ ;h, t::.1 / -t! '7 A

Ultrastructure of the ostracod carapace, V.
Muscle attachment. ............. OKADA, Y .

JWt¥JJlL rhifrtlJ:15ER!5'Jlc,:-ij-" O)ti/if{t15 ....... .
.... ·~~/mH!lI. J.:!ffWIIFY,,; • 1'1rrn~A • t:Hh~:l'fi:;t..,'·/7 /:J / r / I· Neospathodus? collinsoni
SOLIEN O)~~Ft~(t''.l, t1~~~(fJX1::j'ii; ....

(:::.tJcWum ...................... 10 ~;.:jfnl;.................................. 'J'it!!f~x

Integration of ammonoid and inoceramid
occurrences in the Upper Cretaceous of
the Monobe area, Shikoku ............... .
MATSUMOTO, T., NODA, M. and KOZAI, T.
On the occurrence of Conophillipsia(Trilobite)from the Lower Carboniferous Hikoroichi
Formation in the Kitakami Massif, Northeast
japan ........................ KA~EKO, A.

Archaeopteris 1't£JC:llH([O)m:9t;iJ> ...... iJi:I::J-Jtj
Early jurassic plants in japan. Part 5 ..... .
. ............. KIMURA, T. and TSUJII, M.

J¥Hm~tJ:IU.lill'*,f[~ (*flIl7';G /$c) O)=~!D.I:'

t1 ~W i.1ff.t {t15 0) 7t~H:. -') ~ '-C ............. .

;t..

-')~, -C .•.•......

Ih'R*' Sil::-f~ • {;Ii: k*'IWll.

1Li~~,~iJI1 ii!i:!WJmlr~jWf,;O) 9:]tfrlll:f~Jt;rHTfi~llf ..... .
'" ............................ '"l1i'if,t'¥l1j;)!;.~J&Y~iI€IRBD$jlli~ll:fI:'-,)~'-C ........ ffilll{,f~j;)!;llf.~YM(*m ff;J.\Z10){t15HWt'0llfl:' '0~ '-C ..... .

. ....................... ~iIF,lf~*. :fjjHFJ........................ U~iIF,lfMix' ~1H$j'fJ

137

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No. 121 l.::.jtHli: ~ :trO' ~ (~lIiiS:UJ~x))D~~fiJ11-,Ucl ,t-.: t~ <(:J: t.1'.

llJ(fi'::j('FiNJ.::.;jt.d-.:..., "'({j~O),','H.::.1J1IWm;r·~~J: ,):t-o~Hl'l't-.:L-"i"'L

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O~i,:mMIC.A.Gt.:l'Ri-iJlllfl![0)1·dt, Jj'Xi»G~J1:U-.: Table C VCl,'~l'oOFormation, Group ltWI:¥f~/.l;-0<II.'Hclt7()iA:c L- "i-to Jj, x:'I:rO)I><II11ii*~)', ~*~'O)t<jGlt~'l~RfmX

IC-0l'L(t7.;:X"t (PI. 00, Fig. 00) c L-, (l1!O),\fmXI'::'-0l'L(t /J')ct (pI. 00, fig. 00) c L-"i-t (~)(O)JJXI'f)

0

OReferences (Xlt References cited) O);t:~)j't*R:!::O)l1j[:IlI~j·l.::.t.:G""L i'"~l'o t.::t-o, ~'X'i'ICiJi}IJ~nt-.:Xftlkc References IC V.7-. r ~n~)([MI1t-.:/.l;l'lcjl!!\~JU':l'J: ') IC L-LT~l'oOlXlI11iiltff.!pllfJ-C· ri'iiirO):J ;/ r :7.7-. r O)r:p@i~nll', /~:7;/ 7, J: <('FijJi:L-LT~l'o 1):(11l\'JI!!'UBt~*1£0)~Hnc
IHf)ilf f!ci- @"-c-t.Mb'i-c-t

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<mftvtt-.:r:DI,lriff:!\; -C' J: H

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7.;: ~ ~ 0) (ItIZ ~ O)l~fl):~'~ An, 1J.J'[O) I;rj I) II ~(tl) tHt ~ljllI'::'~!:\ <~..., LT ~ l ' 001982{f.lltJej'j0) No. 125 J: I),

A~a-/J\:f-" t:' -$' JI4~{;$:l:·tJ:<~)jG7)*{*l:'l'nijIj9 ~'J.t£-c.-t..., L 4-1iH§l:-!W:j ~ n ~ 1iltlll(lf.~rl'O) ),,:f, •.::. 'J'~ -\' I:::!J IvO)m'.\E~1tfIC-tO)"i "i :t-03Li I) T ~ l0U-.:/.l;'0~l!!llniE*~

N.S. No. 121 ''::'ij~O)f.!HilJ' .7-./.l;;t;; I)"i L-t-.:O)-C·, :t-obU L- L,nlE L-"i-toErratum
HONDA, Y.: Corbiculid Mollusca from the Urahoro Group, Kushiro Coal Field, Eastern Hokkaido.

Trans. Proc. Palaeon!. Soc. japan, n. s., no. 121, p. 14-28, pis. 2, 3, April 30, 1981.
The last two lines of page 27 (left) should be continued from the last line of page 26 (right).
[MATSlI,

Japan.

M., 1962, Sedimentological study of the Paleogene basin of Kushiro in Hokkaido,jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., ser. 4, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 431 ... 480.J

138

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Transactions and Proceedings of the PalaeontologicalSociety of Japan

New Series No. 122

July 15, 1981

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
729.

KIMURA, Tatsuaki, YOSHIYAMA, Hiroshi and OHANA, Tamiko: Fossil Plantsfrom the Tama and Azuyama Hills, Southern Kwanto, Japan .......... 87730.

TAKAHASHI, Kiyoshi and MATSUOKA, Kazumi: Neogene Microfossils of
Chlorophyceae, Prasinophyceae and Acritarchs from Niigata, Central
Japan ................................................................ 105

731.

NOHARA, Tomohide:

Notes on three Cytherelloidea Ostracodes from the

Ryukyus .............................................................. 122
732.

HONDA, Yutaka: A new Clinocardium from the Omagari Formation of theOmbetsu Group, Kushiro Coal Field, Eastern Hokkaido.................. 127

PROCEEDINGS ................................................................ " 135..