a -lt~ -6- ±~ ~~~~·il.f
Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New SeriesNo. 22Palaeontological Society of Japan
June 30, 1956

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS

Page285. Notes on the Osobudani Conglomerate and Some Lower Permian
Fusulinids contained in its Limestone Pebbles. Part. L. Hisayoshi leo 169286.

On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai: Part 7;
On Pecten kmzelzarai YoKoYAMA ............................. K6ichir6 MASUDA 175

287. On the Variation of Lima (Ace.>ta) goliath and its Allied Species,\Vith the Description of a New Species ........................... Shigeru AoKI 185
288. A New Species of Damesites from the Cenomanian of Hokkaido, Japan(Studies on the Cretaceous Ammonites from Hokkaido and SaghalienIX) ............................................ Rinji SAITO and Tatsuro MATSUMOTO 191
289. On the Mutation of Terebratalia coreanica (AnA:vts and REEVE) froma Conchometrical Point of the View ................................ Jiro KoTcm 195
PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED (14) ............................................................... 184
PROCEEDINGS .......................................................................................... 204

President:

Hisakatsu Y ABECouncillors:

Kiyoshi AsANO, Riuji ENDo

(Business and Accountant), Seido

ENDo, Haruyoshi FuJIMOTo (Publication), Shoshiro HANZAWA, Kotora
IlATAI, Ichiro HAYASAKA, Nobuo IKEBE, Teiichi KoBAYASHI (Editor), Jiro!\lAKIYAMA, Tatsuro MATSUMoTo, Masao MINATo, Tokio SHIKAMA, Fuyuji
TAKA! (General Affairs), Hisakatsu YABE.

All Communications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Toltyo, JapanJ

Trans. Proc. PaJaeont. Sol.. Japan. ·N.S., No. 22; pp. 169-174. Pl. 27. June 30. 1956

285. NOTES ON THE OSOBUDANI CONGLOMERATE AND SOME
LOWER PERMIAN FUSULINIDS CONTAINED IN ITS
LIMESTONE PEBBLES PART 1. *HISAYOSHI IGO
Institute of Geology and l\Iineralogy, Tokyo University of Education~a;ft-~8 t .1:-Q):.fiJ!k'fi~I{:IQ)r$=~*+J.i~!l!.-t.-.r_, 1:~~ti-~!t:!LttiHHiP~il:- o:>tf.~

E t11¥1vt.: ~ o:>i::tfE:'Ji" ~n:. ~/'f:f.; J: V:E&<~~I{:IQ)ft4:i:6· I? . .:. Q)~EQ)iUf~l.:."?\ ,-c~ t.;t.=o~~:.~-Ut'5ft'EQ)? '!:>-\?. Hayas:1kaina ~l:."?l.,-c=: • =:.iiC,:;tL.t.:o~!'ll!f (A~Ichinotani formation. which he interpreted as belpnging to the Sakmarian
to Artinskian in age. He further statedthat the conglomerate is a correlatiYe of
the Sakamotozawa Conglomerate developed in the southern part of the Kitakami Massif in I wate Prefectm-e, andmaintained that the Carboniferous Sorayama formation was eroded away prior
to the deposition of the Ichinotani
formation .
The Osobudani Conglomerate is aname introduced to replace that of
Ichinotani Conglomerate. because it conflicts with that of the formation. andtherefore. is liable to cause confusion.
From this conglomerate, I have collecteda large variety of fossils indicating different geological ages, as will be statedlater.
From the lchinotani formation. I wasfortunate in discovering a rich fauna offusulinids, which indicate Chesterian toWolfcampian age for the formation.
Furthermore, the discovery of several
late early Permian fossils in the limestone pebbles of the Osobudani Conglomerate clearly proves that the age of. theconglomerate is younger than ftrst considered by KAt-.mr.

Introduction and Acknowledgements

It has already been pointed out by(1952) and M 1:-;ATo (1Q5D) that
the Paleozoic rocl~s in the Fukuji District in the Hida Massif intercalate twointeresting conglomerate deposits, whichhave been named Murakami Conglomerate and Ichinotani Conglomerate.
KAI\lEI.

Fukuji0Fig. 1. Locality of the Osobudani
Conglomerate ( Y. )KAME! considered the Ichinotani Conglomerate to form the basal part of his* Read June 18, 1955 at Kyoto, received Aug.
22, 1955.
169

Hisayoshi leo

170

Before continuing, I wish to express
my gratitude to Professors Haruyoshi
FunMoTo, Kotora HATAI and Hidekata
SHIBATA of the Institute of Geology andMineralogy, Tokyo University of Education, Mr. Rokuro MoRIKAWA of the
Saitama University, Mr. Tadao KAMF.I
of the Shinshu University, and Mr.
Shigema KAWAUA of the Institute ofGeology an:! Mineralogy, Tokyo UniverSorayama group
Osobudani Conglomerate

Notes on the Stratigraphy

As a result of field work and paleontological investigation, I have classified
the Paleozoic rocks developed in the
Fukuji District: into the following lithogenetic units.

lmiddie to lower
Permian.

------unconformity?
Mizuyagadani formation
Ichinotani group {sity of Education, for their kind guidanceand encouragement.

lchinotani formation-highe5t lower to upper Carboniferous-- ---- fault-Fukuji group

Gotlandian· Within the Ichinotani group I havebeen successful in discriminating six
fusulinid zones. which in descendingorder, are as follows: (6) Zone ot
Pseudoscltwagerina, (5) Zone of Trilicites.
(4) Zone of Fusulimz, (3) Zone of
Fusuli7U~lla. (2) Zone of Pmfusulitzella,(1) Zone of Millere!la.
Details on the stratigraphy and paleontology of the Paleozoic rocks in thesaid area will be presented at anotheropportunity.
With regard to the boundary between
the Carb::niferous and Permian, I havefound that no conspicuous hiatus can berecognized between the top of the
Ichinotani formation and the b:1sal partof the Mizuyagadani formation. Field
evidence suggests that the two formations were probably deposited without
break, at least so far as has been
observed in the field. However, it isworthy of note that the lithologic
characters of the limeston.~s of these
two formations are quite contrasting.
the upper part of the Mizuyagadaniformation consisting largely of clastic
sediments.
The Sorayama group, which is the
youngest unit developed in the present
area, consists of the Osobudani conglomerate at its lower. followed withsandstone, shale, limestone. and·so-calledschalstein. The exact age of the mainpart of this group has not yet been
we~rked out.
The Osobudani Conglomerate

The Osobudani Conglomerate with
its type locality at the middle course of
the Osobudani Valley, measures ten
meters in thickness and consists ofunsorted, subangular to well rounded
pebbles of various kinds of rocl<s. which
are cemented with greenish gray, coarse
grained sandstone. The pebbles comprise Iime:>tone, shale. chert, tuff, tuff
breccia. and the so-called schalsteinamong the sedimentarie8, and those ofsuch igneous rocks as granite. porphyritic granite, porphyry, andesite, andNot~s on the Osobudani Conglomerate and Some Lower Permian Fusulinids

spilitic basalt.
The limestone pebbles contain fossils
belonging to the Gotlandian, Carboniferous and Permian ages, namely:
Gotlandian :-Favosites sp. (gotlandicustype), Clathrodictyon sp., Atrypa sp.,
Carboniferous :-Clithiophylloid
coral,
Permian :-Sclmbertella sp., Hayasak.aina
kotal?iensis FuJIMoTo and KAWADA, H.?
kawadai !Go, n. sp., Pseudofusulina
duplithecata !Go, n. sp., P. sp. A., P. sp. B,
111isellina mi1tor (DEPRAT). lrm;ophyllum
sp.. Wcntzelella flux:tosa H UA:->G. rV. sp.
Althcugh it is evident that Favosites
and other Gotlandian fossils were derived
from the Gotlandian Fukuji group, it isimportant to note that Pseudofusulina
and other Permian fossils are lacking
within the upper division of the Mizu.
yagadani formation.
The Osobudani Conglomerate is also
exposed along the upper course of theMizuyagadani and Ichinotani Valleys,
where its general lithological charactersare quite similar to those of the type
locality, except for that no limestone
pebbles occur. The pebbles comprising
the conglomerate at the two menti:ned
localities consist of very well rounded(5-30 em in diameter) granite, andesitic
rocks and green rocks of schalstein andits allies. The cementing material, likethat of the type locality, consists ofcoarse grained sandstone. It is to be
added that the stratigraphic relation between the Osobudani Conglomerate andunderlying Mizuyagadani formation is
not distinct at the above stated two localities.
Although no distinct unconformity has
been recognized in the field, it is assumed on the basis of the existence of alarge amount of granite and its allied
plutonics and limestone pebbes containing Gotlandian to early Permian fossils,that there was considerable disturbance

171of the hinterland during deposition of theearly middle Permian rocks in this district.
The existence and distribution of middle Permian conglomerate bearing deposits are not well known in the Japanese Islands, but 6f those known, thefollowing are considered to be approximate correlatives, namely ; the Kanokura
conglomerate in the soutl1ern part- of theKitakami Massif, the Kosaki formationof Kyushu, and the Sawando conglomerate of Nagano Prefecture.
Notes on the Paleontology

The limestone pebbles, which may be
assigned to the Permian from their fossil
content, are found to yield such fossils as:Schubertella sp., Hayasakaina lwtakiensis
FuJIMoTo and KAWADA, H.? kawadai
lGo, n. sp., Pseudofusulitza duplitlzecata
lc;o, n. sp., P. sp. A, P. sp. B, CP. vulgaristype), Mi'sellitza minor (DEPRAT), Iranophyllum sp., We11izelella fiuxuosa HuA:->G,
W. sp.
Among the listed species, Pseudofuslina
duplithecata is very interesting from theview that it is characterized by a double
development of the spirotheca, namely.
the keriotheca is divided into two parts,
outer and inner.
Another interesting feature of the fossils contained in the limestone pebbles isthe occurrence of Misellitza. This genus
has hitherto been considered to occupy
a position high among the Permian, andtherefore. its occurrence with lower Permian species suggests that its phylogeny
is a problem for further investigation.
According to FuJIMOTO and KAWADA(1953), who established the genus Hayasakaina, the axis of coiling changes atmaturity, and this features suggest thatit may_ be an aberrant descendant of
Ozawainella THoMPSoK.

172

Hisayoshi 1Gb

The occurrence of numerous specimens
which are assignable to the genus Haya$akaiua in broad sense has provided mewith an opportunity to make observations
on the character of the change of axisof coiling and other features, as will bede£cribed in the following lines.
If the axis of coiling of the outer volutions complet~ly changes to inner, atunnel must appear in the outer volutions.
Such a phenomenon is not shown in anyof the final two or three volutions in theillustratiom given by FuJIMOTo and
KAWADA. However, in my specimens I
have observed tunnels in some. Concerning the change in axis of coiling, there
is little doubt that the sagittal sections
will not exhibit at maturity, an axially<>riente:l aspect.
l:layasakaina ? kawadai differs from H.
kolakiensis in its shape and size. Serial
sections of the former spe~ies show thatit does not change in axis of coiling and.is probably planispiral throughout. It,
however, is referred to the genus Haya$alwina with the reservation that themore than twenty specimens are notsenile and the outer volutions are notdestroyed.
Although the spirothecal !>tructure ofthis genus is very obscure. some wellpreserved specimens from Fukuji, showthat it consists of a dense tectum andunderlying rather transcurrent layer.
From such features, I suggest that Hayasakaina closely resembles both N01tkinella LEE and Staflella OzAWA.
It was mentioned by Fun 1\IOTO and
KAw ADA that Hayasakaina resembles
Ozawainella and may be a descendant
therefrom. However, from the chara~ters so far mentioned, it seems to me
that Hayasakaina more clos~ly resembles
Nanlzinella or Stajfella than Ozawainella,
and it may have diverged from ~ither of
the two mention.ed genera.

It is well known that secondary replacement of mineralization of fusulinids may
be different from the original shellcharacter, and thus be an importantcriteria for generic character. I havealso made many observations on thisproblem. taking into account the differences in size of crystallization, theirarrangement and positions within theshell, and hope to further investigate byother methods.
Description of the Interesting Sp~cies

Genus Hayasakaina FuJIMoTo and
KAWADA

Hayasakaiua kotal~iensis FuJ 1:\toTo
and KA w ADA, 1953
Pl. 27. Figs. 1, 6, 12-16.
19fi3.

Hayasakai11a kotakiensis FuJIMOTO andRep., Tokyo B~tnrika
Daigaktt, Sec. C .. Vol. 2, No. 13, pp.
208-209, pl. 1, figs. 1-10 .
KAWADA, Sci.

Shell small, subspherical or subovate
in outline with rounded median part andbro3dly convex axial part ; short axis ofcoiling. Axial length 1.2-1.6 mm, medianwidth 1.6-2.2 mm, form ratio 1: 0.68-1 :0.84. Mature specimens with eight ormore volutions.
Inner six or seven volutions highly replaced with secondary mineralization,
characters obscure. Height of first to
eighth volution, ? • 0.035. 0.085. 0.087,
0.014, 0.021. 0.026. and 0.023, respectively.
Inner young volutions coiled planispiraland discoidal, outer one or two senile
volutions coiled at right angle to axis of
inner ones.
Spirotheca thin, 20-50 J1, in last volution. its structure indistinct. composed ofthin tectum and lmderlying relatively
thick layer.
Septa numerous, not fluted throughout
shell, generally thicker than spirotheca

Notes on the Osobudani Conglomerate and Some Lower Permian Fusulinids-or almost equal to.
Tunnel of inner volution obscure, outer.ones low, about one third or one fourth
as high as chamber. Chomata obscure.
Remarks:-The Fukuji specimens ofHayasakaina lwtakiensis are closely similar to the type specimens from the Onrilimestone in shape and other character.
However. the present specimens are oflarger size and more highly replaced withsecondary mineralization; such differences may not be of specific value.
Occurrence :-The limestone pebbles
from the Osobudani Conglomerate, atthe middle course of the Osobudani Valley, Fukuji. Kamitakara Village, Yoshiki
District. Gifu Prefecture.

Associated fossils and geological age :Schubertella sp., Hayasakaina? kawadai!Go, n. sp., Pseudofusulina duplithecata!Go, n. sp .. P. sp. A, P. sp. B, Misellina
mi11or (DEPRAT). Late lower Permian.
Hayasakaina ? lwwadai IG6, n. sp.
Pl. 27. Figs. 2-5, 7-11, 17-20.

Shell small in size, d·iscoidal \Vithsharply or acutely rounded pe. ipheryand somewhat inflated poles. Immature
stage perfectly planispiral.
Axial length 1.4-0.96 rnm., average 1.0mm., width 1.8-2.7 mm., average 2.3 mm.,form ratio 1: 0.:~7-1 : 0.55. average 1: 0.44.

~-'8septa and spirotheca

173

~
Lzd

,

replaced part with secondary
mineralization

Fig. 2, Serial sections of Hayasakaina? kawadai !Go. n. sp.
_1\11 figures are drawn by !VIORIKAWA's S'lmp figure.

A large specimen consists of eight tonine volutions. Inner volutions highly
replaced with secondary mineralization.
Each volution gradually increasing theirheight, being 0.026, 0.035, 0.052. 0.087, 0.10,
0.17, 0.24, and 0.23 respectively in wellpreserved specimens.
Spirotheca thin, composed of thin anddark layer, probably the tectum andunderlying rather thick transcurrent
layer. the diaphanotheca ?. Thickness of
spirotheca in last volution 0.022-0.069 mm.
Septa relatively thick. septal count ofouter volutions, 24 and 27. Tunnel ofouter volutions high.
Remarl?s:-J have examined more than

H:sayoshi !Go174

twenty specimens and all of them are
perfectly planispiral and show no changeof the axis in the outer volutions, thus
it may be doubtful whether they can bereferred to the genus Hayasakaina in
narrow sense. They are referred to thenamed genus, merely tentatively.
Occurrence and geological age:-Thesame as for the prece:ling species.
References
FUJIMOTO, H. and S. KAWADA (1953), Hayasakailla, a new genus of fusulinids fromthe Omi Limestone, Niigata Prefecture. Japan. Sci. ReP.. Tokyo Bu11rika Daigaku. Sec.
C, vo/, 2, tiO. ]3, pp. ro7-209, pl. 1, figs.1-10.
KAMEl. T. (1952), The stratigraphy of the

Palaezoic rocks of the Fukuji district, southern part of the Hida mountainland. four.
Shi11slm Utziv., 110. 2, pp. 43-47.
MINATO. M. (1950), On the geological importance of the so-called Murakami conglomerate. Min. atld Ceo/., vo/. 3. 110. 6, pp.
230-233. (in Japanese).
- - (1951), On the existence of the Usuginu
type conglomerate in the llida mountainland. Ibid., vol. 4, 110. 1, pp. 4-6. (inJapanese).
- - (1951), Localitie3 of fusulinid foraminifera in the Hida mountainland. Ibid., vo/. 4,
11os. 3-4, pp. 71-73. (in Japane3e).
To~AKA, K., K. KoBAYASHI and T. KAMEl,(1952), Stratigraphische Stellung der Sawado
Konglomeraten. ]our. Shit~slm U11iv., Fac.
Educatio11 .. 110. 2, pp. 54-62. (in Japane3~ ).

Explanation of Plate 'Z1
Hayasakai11a kotakietzsis FuJI~toTO & KAWADA
Figs. 1, 6, 12-16.
Axial sections (slightly tangential) x 20. Reg. no. 20222, 20240, 20241, 20222,
20238. 20286, 20246.
Hayasakaitza kawadai !Go, n. sp.
Figs. 2, 17. 18. Sagittal sections of three co types. x 20. Reg. no. 20246, 20241. 20238.
Figs. 3, 4, 7-11. Axial sections of cotypes (slightly tangential except figs. 4, 7.) x 20. Reg. no.
20243, 20242, 2024·2, 20237. 20242. 20236, 20239, 2024-5.
Figs. 5, Tangential section of cotype. x 20. Reg. no. 20241.
Figs. 19, 20. l~nlarged part of axial sections showin~ spirothecal structure. x 100. 202•10, 20240.
(All specimens are in the collections of Tokyo University of Education.)H. leo : Osobudani Conglomerate

Photo. by S. Aorn

Plate 27

Trans. Proc. Pal. Soc. Japan, N. S .• No. 22. pp. 175 ·183. pl. 28. June 30, 1956

286. ON THE MIOCENE PECTINIDAE FROM THE ENVIRONSOF SENDAI: PART 7; ON PECTEN KANEHARAIYOKOYAMA*
KOICHIRO MASUDA
Department of G~ology, College of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai.

fllli:i'i>ftililfltfr~~ Pectinidae, ~0) 7. (Pecte11 ka~reharai YoKoYAMA 1::."?~'-c):Pecte11 km1eharai YoKoYAMA lt8;$:CT.>i[$~*1::.~il1H... ~F?Ifil::.ilt~ft'!li~~.Q 0

lt{Amf<li:~;::f:%~~~"='t.:t.:.lf>#fl....

c. IJ!.tE~CT.>l!:;t;:il;~:btt.:C\.' 7..t.:abl::.~ <CT.>m![.t:~-?t-:. 0 it

:fflt"Jl:(=lt:k~311l~ffil111!Jl~IS~~~~~. ~$'a:kif:~~~$±1l!~~~l::.f*#~.tL-cl.,.Qft~llll!~~~· ]f(V:.::ni:.F<U~!fl*.Qfllii1'Utlli:J: IJ~~t..t.:~;;t;:a-.f!1t~t..-cl?atU.. t.:o
R!l:.~~~ '5"/v~l.' ~-l:;;Jt~fllfffffilCl)Jillty(if;i¥.)~~~.:. J: -?-c .. ~fiJ!Cl)"c:!;4:)W~(f;Jf,d§;~~s t: t.:o<jff Ill 1f: -esreasons his description was based upona mould and a cast of the outer sidewhich was obtained by dissolving theshell with weak acid. Subsequently
YoKOYAMA (1931) described a specimenof a single right valve lacking the apical rt'!gion, and referred it to the same
species. This specimen was collectedby F. KIRITANI from the Miocene strata(now known as Tanagura formation)
developed in the vicinity of Tanaguramachi, Higashi-Shirakawa-gun, Fukushima Prefecture. From the above mentioned, it is clear that Pecten kanelwmi
YoKoYAJ\IA is a ccnfusing fossil scallopin the Neogene Terti~ry of Japan,
because its true characters are not wellknown.
The writer together with the studentsof the College of. Education. Tolwku
University, collected many beautiful
specimens referable to Pecten kanelzami
YoKOYAMA from the pebbly conglomerateof the Otsutsumi formation at Dlidokoro,
and from the pebbly conglomerate of
the Nanakita formation at Matsumori,Introduction andAcknowledgements

Among the Japanese Tertiary Pectinidae Pecten katzeharai YoKoYAMA can beconsidered to l:e one of the most important and interesting species, particularly
from the view point of its geographicaldistribution, more or less restricted
geological range and intimate relationship with certain other scaly scallops.
Pecten kaneharai was tii.-st describedby M. YoKoYAMA based upon several
imperfect specimens collected by N. KA~EHARA from his Zone 2 and 3 at Shicbara-machi in Tochigi Prefecture. The~ezones have subsequently been included
into the Kanomatazawa formation (H.
Nmm, 1933). According toM. YoKoYA1\!A it is difficult even to distinguish theright valve from the left, for they areso firmly attached . to the stone thatwhat we get are either casts or thosewith only their inner exposed. For such
*Read June 26. 1954; received Sept. 5, 1955.
175

Koichiro .\1AstrDA176

both in Izumi-mura, Miyagi-gun, Miypgi
Prefecture in the northern border of
Sendai.
The specimens studied by the writerin connection with this article, comprisethose preserved in the collection of the
Department of Geology, College of Education, Tohoku University, the topotype
specimens and the others in the col.lection of the Institute of Geology andPaleontology, Faculty of Science, Tohoku
University, those in the Saito Ho-on Kai
Museum, Sendai, which are mostly fromvarious localities in the northeasternJapan, and the topotype specimens in
the collection of the Geological Institute,
Faculty of Liberal Arts. Utsunomiya
University, Utsunomiya City in Tochigi
Prefecture. The results of examination
are presented herein.
It may also be added that kanehara£occurs in strata having more or lesssimilar lithology, that is to say, it isusually found in coarse-grained sediments. The writer attemped to analyse thepaleoecological conditions of this species
by making sedimentological studies of
the Nanakita and Aoso formations in
the northern border of Sendal City.
These problems are dealt with in thisarticle.
Acknowledgements are due to Dr.
Kotora HATAI of the Department of
Geology, College of Education, Tohoku
University, for his kind supervision; to
Mr. J un AKu1·su of the Geological Institute, Faculty of Liberal Arts, UtswlOrniya University, for his kind loan of
the important specimens; and to somestudents of the College of Education,
Tohoku University, for their assistancein the collection of this species.
Description
Family Pectinidae
Subfamily Pectininae

Genus Clzlamys (BoLTE:-;) RouiSG, 1798:
Chlamys kaneiwrai (YoKoYAMA)
Pl. 29, figs. 1-7.
1926.

1931.
1936.

1937.

1940.

Pecten ktiuelzarai YOKOYAMA. four. Fac.
Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Sec. 2, vol. 1,
pt. 4, p. 135, pl. 18, fig. 1, pl. 19, figs.
1, 2, 5. 6, 7.
Pecten lumeharai YoKOYAMA, YoKOYA·
Mi\. Op. cit., vol. 3, pt. 4. p. 203, pl. 13.
Pecten (Chlamys) kmwharai YoKoYAMA,NoMURA and IIATAI, Saito llo-on Kai
Mus., Res. Bull., 110. 10, p. 119, pl. 13,
figs. 3, 4.
Pectm (Chlamys) ka11cflarai YoKoYAMA,NoMURA and JIATAI, Op. cit., 110. 13,
p. 127. pl. 18, figs. 1. 2.
Pecten (Chlam_vs) kaneharai YoKoYAMA,
NoMt:RA and ONISI, Japau. ]our. Geol.
Geogr, vol. 17, nos. 3-4, p. 181, pl. 18r
fig. 8.

YoKoYAi\L-\'s original description is asfollows: Shell la~ge, compressed, orbicular. somewhat inequivalve. Right
valve slightly more convex than left,
ornamented by more than 20 radiatingribs separated by valleys usually a little
broader than the ribs themselves; ribs
high and elevated. rounded, divided into
three parts by longitudinal furrows withthe middle part broader than the lateralones and more elevated : valleys also.
with a single intercalary riblets ; ribs
as well as riblets closely scaled ; ears
unequal, anterior elongated, and provided with a few scaled radiating riblets
and a deep byssal notch below, posterior
triangular with lateral (posterior) side
shortest. Left valve slightly flatter thanright, with surface sculpture similar.
but with the ribs usually bipartite instead of tripartite and intercalaries more
prominent with occasionally a smaller
intercalary between them and main ribs ;ears both triangular
The specimens collected by the writerwith assistace of some students of the-177

On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai: Part 7.

College of Education, Tohoku University
take the following description.
Shell large, moderately thick, orbicular, equilateral except for auricles, subequivalve, the left valve being a little
more convex than the right, both valvesradiately ribbed, and forming an angleof about 90° at apex.
Right valve with about 21 or a little
more, distinct. imbricated, elevatedradial ribs, and imbricated intercalarythreads between the radial ribs; radialribs nearly equal to their interspaces
in breadth near the ventral margin, though a little narrower at about middle
part of disc, and usually divided into
three parts by .two shallow longitudinalfurrows on lower half of disc of them,the middle part is usually broader.
more elevated and more imbricated thanthe lateral ones ; rarely these divided
radial threads are subequal. and near
the submargins they may be divided
into two paits by a shallow longitudinalfurrow, or remain undivided, and ve;•yrarely they bifurcate near the beak, andin such a case no intercalary thread
occurs in their interspaces; intercalarythreads usually first appear at the upper
half of disc and are subequal to thedivided radials at the ventral margin ;anterior auricle much longer and larger
than the posterior, sculptured with a
few imbricated radial threads and concentric lines, and furnished with conspicuous byssal notch and very wide
byssal area ; posterior auricle truncatedbehind at about right angle, and sculptured with several imbricated radial
threads and with intercalary threads
somewhat less distinct than the mainradials, and concentric lines ; hingewith conspicuous cardinal crura, ctenolium, and deep and wide resilial pit
provided with lateral ridges at its upper
half. Left valve with sculpture almost

similar to the right, though rarely with
faint subordinate intercalary threads inthe interspaces between the radial ribs
and main intercalary threads; anteriorauricle with several imbricated radial
threads and concentric lines, and larger
than the posterior which is similarly
sculptured ; hinge provided with conspicuous cardinal crura and with socket
corresponding to lateral ridges of resilial
pit of right valve. Internal surface alittle folded, corresponding to the sculpture of the external surface and withthe very characteristic serration at theventral margin.
Dimensions (in mm.) :Valve

Right Right Rightj

Left Left Left

:Height

123 ca. 104 ca. 10~ \ 95

[ Length

113

10,t

1oo 1 88

92

90

80

81

----

Hinge7265_l~n_g~---

6'3 [ "~
50
. ~~ ca.

52

Depth

19

.I 20_ ca. 17

19

Apical

21

21.5

o

o

90
90
90
I angle-~~~---

o.l 85o90' 90'Remarks :-This species is characterized
by its largar and orbicular shell with
about 21 distinct. imbricated and elevated radial ribs which are divided into
three parts by shallow longitudinal furrows at the central part of the lower
half of disc, of which the middle partis usually broader, more elevated andmore imbricated than the others (orrarely subequal to the others). Imbric.'lted intercalary threads, much larger
anterior auricle, conspicuous ctenolium
and ca:-dinal crura. lateral ridges at theupper half of resilial pit. and the characteristic marginal serration in the
inner surface of right valve are thefeatures of this species. The sculptureof the left valve is almost similar tothat of the right valve.
Among the features mentioned above,

178

K6ichir6 MASUDA

the characters of the radial ribs are
generally preserved in well preserved
specimens, but in ill-preserved ones the
sculpture is usually less distinct.
M. NAKAMtlRA previously noticed thatamong the specimens of kaneharai or
specimens referable to the group of
kmreharai, there are several types ofradial ribs. and whether or not theseseveral types of radial ribs fall in thelimits of variation of a single species
or should be treated as subspecies of thespecies is open to question. However,according to the writer's study thesetypes of radial ribs are not clearly distinguishable from one another. though
there are a few specimens which exhibit
characters more or less diverging fromthe above given description of well preserved specimens. Therefore, the writeris lead to consider that the apparent
differences of the radial ribs are probably due, in many cases, to the condition of preservation.
The topotype specimens (IGPS, coiL.cat. no. 28317) collected by Hisakatsu
YABE and Shiro ToYAMA, and the topetype specimens in the collection of theGeological Institute of Liberal Arts,
Utsunomiya University are all ill· preserved, but the characteristic features ofthis species are still retained and canbe observed, though with difficulty. The
writer's specimens which are from theenvirons of Sendai .are referable to the
topotype specimens.
This species is closely related toChlamys · miyatokoensis (NoMURA andHATAI) described from the lVliocene<)tsutsumi formation in the northernborder of Sendai. Although occurringin the same formation, miyatolwensis
cccupie..o: a lower horizon than that of
Ch. kanelzarai. NoMURA and HATAt's
spe~ies is distinguishable from the present one by ist decidedly smaller shell,

finely scaled and low radial ribs which
are equally separated into three or rarely four parts, two or three finely scaled
intercalary thre1ds in the interspaces,
m1rrow byssal area, less distinct ctenolium and cardinal crura. A specimen
figured by YoKoY A ~~A as kotzcharai from
the Miocene Tanagura formation isalmost similar to miyatolwensis in sculpture, tut it differs therefrom in having
more distinct and more elevated radialribs, and a much larger shell. In general features this species resembles
Clzlamys meiseusis (MAKIYMA) from the
Miocene Bankod<l formation, Kinshi'ld<lin Northern Korea. However, Clzlamys
meiseusis can be distinguished from thepresent one by having a larger numberof radial ribs (23 to 27) which show
folded topped, roundly edged and bifurcation, and less imbricated radial ribs.
Cizlamys kanclzarai is also related to
Chlomys arakawai (NoMURA) from the
Miocene Tanosawa formation at Tanosawa, Odose-mura, Nishi-Tsugaru.gun,
Aomori Perfecture, and Clzlamys ingeniosa (YoKoYAMA) from the Miocene Nanao formation at Iwaya, Nanao City in
Ishikawa Prefecture. But kattelzarai isdistinguishable from those two species
by the number and characters of theradial ribs, and by the cardinal crura,
though the latter species shows analmost similar aspect. Chlamys kallisakiensis (Nm1URA :::nd Nur-;o) describedfrom Shirahatha formation (Pliocene
Harada formation of K. WATANABE et al.,1952) at Kakisaki in Izu Peninsula also
resembles this species in shell form,
more or less scaly radial ribs which are
divided into three parts. and by theabout 85° of apical angle. But the present one differs from that species by
having 26 radial ribs, and no intercalarythread in the interspaces, though rarely
they are present near the ventral mar-On the l\1ioc~ne Pectinidae from the Environs of S;:ndai: Part 7.

gin in the full adult specimens. Anothersimilar species is Chlamys iwakiana(YoKoYAMA) from the Shirado formation(referred to the Miocene Kokozura formation by K. HATAI and S. N!siYAMA)at road cutting between Tateishi and
Shiogu, Tatsuta-mura, Futaba-gun inFukushima Prefecture. However, it isdistinguishable therefrom by the more
scaly, undivided. narrower radial ribs,
and by the marginal serration. This
species also resembles Clzlamys aslziyaensis (NAGAo) and Chlamys ashiyaensis var. denslineata (NAG ..;.o), both which
haYe been described from the Oligocene
Yamaga formation at Ashiya-rnachi andits environs, Onga-gun, Fukuoka Prefecture in Northern Kyilshii, Japan. Howe\'er, those species differ from thepresent one in the char::~cters of theradial ribs which are slightly elevatedand much narrower. and by the les,;number of radials. Among the foreign
species, those which resemble lwneharai
are, Chlamys (Lyropecten) madisonius
bassleri TucKER from the 1\Iiocene
Calvert formation and Chlamys (Lyropecten) acattikos (GARD~ER) from the
Miocene Chipola formation, both of theAtlantic Coast of United States ofAmerica. However, they may be distingui!'hed from kauehm·ai by their thinshell,. less number of radial ribs (17),narrow byssal area, and closely spaced
intercalary threads. Chlamys hericius(Gour.n), a Recent species of the Northwestern Pacific and occun·ing as fossilin the Pleistocene, Pliocene and upper
Miocene formations ot California, isrelated to this species in the shell form
and the characters of radial ribs which
are divided into finely scaled three parts,
but that shell differs from the present
one in having a smaller shell, much
more scaly radial ribs, several intercalary threads between the radial ribs, and179

the much narrower channels between
the divided threads.
Geological Significance

Chlamys lwnelzarai (YoKOYAMA) showsa rather wide geographical distribution
in the Japanese Neogene Tertiary (Textfigure). The lithology of the strata in\•;hich this species has been reported tooccur is more or less similar. that is tosay, Chlamys katzelzarai bearing rocks
are usually of conglomerate or very
coarse-grained sandstone without orwith little silt.
To underst!lnd the environmental conditions of deposition of the strata
embedding Clllamys llatu:flat·ai thewriter made a sedimentological studyof the lowermost part of the Nanakita
formation which contains its abundantremains. Simultaneously, it was considered important to also !mow theconditions of deposition of the upper
part of the Aoso formation with which
the Nanakita is continuous. The Nanakita formation which is widely developed in the northern border of Sendai
City, conformably overlies the white,
massive pumiceous tuff of the Aoso formation which contains fossil shells andgravels sporadically; the fossil shells
usually occur as fragments or isolated
valves. The white pumiceous tuff isabout 6 meters in maximum thickness at
N:1gashiba. Tomiya-mura, Kurokawa-gun
near the central part of the said area,
but gradually decreases its thickness inall directions therefrom.
Where thepumiceous tuff thins out, the conglomerate at the base of the overlying Nanakita formation comes into d-irect contact
with the sandstone of the Aoso formation. With the decrea~e in thickness ofthe tuff southwards, its contained graveIs tend to increase in number, size andKoichiro MAstmA

182

Miocene in a twofold division, or more
precisely from Lower to Middle Miocene
in a threefold classification.
References
FuziMoTo, 11 and KoBAYASl, l\1. (1938),
The Tertiary Formation of the Usui-gawa
and Kaburagawa District, Gumma Prefecture. four. Ceo/. Soc. ]apat~, Vol. 45, No.
533, pp. 205-226.
GARDNER, ]. (1926), The Molluscan Fauna of
the Alum Bluff Group of Florida, Part 1.
U.S. Geol. Surv .. Prof. Paper 142-A. p.
46, pl. 11' figs. 1. 2.
KoBAYASl, M. (19-tl), Geology of the Lakelnawasiro District. four. Ceo/. Soc. ]apa11,
Vo/.48. No. 574. pp. 322-331. no. 575. pp.
369-383.
HANZAWA, S.. HAT.-\1, K., IWAI, J.. KlTAMt;RA, N. and SlllflATA, T. (1953), The GEOlogy of Sendai and its Environs. Sci. Rep..
Tohoku Ut1iv., Ser. 2, Vol. 25. pp. 1 50, 2maps, 4 charts.
HATAI, K. and NAKAMVRA, M. (1940), On
the Mode of Occurrence of Clycymeris matrtmoricnsis NoMVRA and HATAI, in the
Nanakita District, Rikuzen. ]our. Ceo/. Soc.
]apa11. Vol. 47, No. 557, pp. 87-90, 1
pl.

- - (1942), On Some Fos.;ils from the Dido
Shell-Beds Developed in Toda-gun, Rikuzen
Province. Japan. japan. ]ortr. Ceo/. Ceogr.,Vol. 18. No. 3. p. 113.
- - (1950), Cenozoic Mollusca from Aomori
Prefecture, Jap~m. four. Conch., Vol. 90,
pp. 128 -136.
- - and NISIYAMA, S. (1952), Check List ofJapanese Tertiary Marine Mollusca. Sci.
Rep., Tolzokz4 U11iv., Ser. 2, Spec. Vol. 3,
pp. 111-112.
MAKIYAMA. J. (1926), Tertiary Fossils fromthe North Kankyo-do, Korea. !l!cm. Coli.
Sci., Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Vol. 2, No.
3, Art. 8. p. 156. pl. 12, fig. 4.
MASt;DA. K. (1952), On Some Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai. Tra11s.
Proc. Palaeot~l. Soc. fapmz. N. S.. No. 8,
pp. 249-254, 1 pl.
- - (1954), On the Miocene Pectinidae fromthe Environs of Sendai, Part 5; On Pecten
arakawai NoMURA. Ibid., No. 14, pp. 149153. 1 pl.
McKEE, E. D. and \VEIR, G. W. (1953), Terminology for Stratification and Cross-stratification in Sedimentary rocks. Bull. Ceo/.
Soc. Am .. Vol. 6·1, pp. 381-390.
NAKAMURA, M. (1940). On Some Pectinidae
Fossils from the Miocene D.:posits of theNortheast Tomiya Block, 1\liyagi-ken, Honsyu, Japan. ]apau. four. Ceo/. Ceogr., V'ol.
17, Nos. 1-2, pp. 1-15.
NliNo, H. (1933), The Geology of the Northeastern Border of Shimotsuke Mountainland (1). four. Ceo/. Soc. japan. Vol. 40,
No. 479, pp. 517-532.
NoMt:RA, S. and '1\liNo. H. (1932). Fossil
Mollusca from Izu and Hakone. Sci. Rep.,
Tolzoku Imp. Unit•., 5er. 2. Vol. 15, No.
3, p. 117. pl. 12, fig:>. 3, 4.
- - and liATAl. K. (1936). Fos,;ils from the
Tanagura Reds in the Vicinity of Town
Tanagura, Fukusima-ken, Northeast Honsyu, Japan. Saito Ifo-on Kai 1\!us.. Res.
Bull., No. 10, p. 119, pl. 13, figs. 3. 4.
- - and - - (1937). A List of the Miocene
Mollusca and Brachiopoda collected fromthe Region lying North of the Nanakita
River in the Vicinity of Sendai, Rikuzen
Province, Japan. Ibid., :t.•o. 13, pp. 127-129,
pl. 18, figs. 1, 2, pl. 19, figs. 2 4. pl. 20.
figs. 1. 11.
- - and ZI:\RO. K (1937). On Some Neogene
Mollusca from Yamagata Prefecture. Northeast Honsyu, japan. Pt. 1, List of the
Miocene Fossils from the Vicinity of the
Ginzan Hot Sprin ;:. Northwestern Slopeof the l!unagatn Volcano. Ibid, No. 13,
pp. 155-157.
- - (1940), l\1olluscan Fauna of the Moniwa
Shell Bed exposetl along the Natori·gawain the Vicinity of Sendai. Miyagi Prefecture. Japan. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Imp. Univ ..
Ser. 2. Vol. 21, No. 1. p. 18.
- - and ONISI, H. (1940), Neo;(en~: Mollusca
from the Sennan District, Miyagi Prefecture. Japan. ]apa11. four. Ceo/. Ceogr..
Vol. 17, Nos. 3-4, p. 181. pl. 18, fig. 8.
OLDROYD. I. S. (1924), The 1\larine Shells of
the West Coast of North America. Slallford

K. MASUDA : Miocene Pectinidae

K. KUMAGAI photo.

Plate 28

On the Miocene Pectinidae from the Environs of Sendai : Part 7
Univ. Pu/JI., Ceo/. Sci .. Vol. 1, No. 1, p. 52.
pl. 7. figs. 1, 2.

OTtlKA, Y. (1941), On the Fauna of the Neogene betw:!en Honjyo and Kurosawajiri.
jour. japau. Assoc. Petrol. Tech., Vol. 9.
No. 2, pp. 85-107.
TUCKER-ROWLAND, H. I. (1938). The Atlantic
and Gulf Coast Tertiary Pectinidae of theUnited States. Mem. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat.,
Be/g., Ser. 2, Fasc. 13, p. 13, pl. 5, fig. 1.
WATANABE, K., MIKAMI. K. and Suzt:Kl, S.
(1952). Sedimentation of the ShiraharnaGroup (Geology of the Eastern Region of

183

Shimada Town). jour. Ceo/. Soc. japa11.
Vol. 58, No. 678, pp. 93·100.
YoKoYAMA, M. (1926). Tertiary Mollusca
form Shiobara in Shimotsuke. jour. Fac.
Sci., Imp. U11iv. Tokyo. Sec. 2. Vol. 1. Pt.
4, p. 135. pl. 18. p.g. 1. pl. 19, figs. 1, 2, 5-7.
- - (1929), Pliocene Shells from near Nanao.
Imp. Ceo/. Surv. japa11, Rep. No. 104, p.
5, pl. 6. fig. 2.
- - (1931). Tertiary Mollusca from lwaki.
jour. Fac. Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Sec. 2,
Vol. 3, Pt. 4. p. 203, pl. 13.

Explanation of Plate 28
Chlamys km1eharai (YoKoYAMA)
Fig. 1. Right valve, x 1/2. Sl\1*. Reg. No. 2632. Loc. l\latsumori, Izumi-mura, Miyagi..gun, 1\liyagi
Prefecture (Nanakita formation).
Figs. 2a-b. a. Right valve, x 1/2. b. Internal view of 2a, x 1/2. Reg. No. 1977. Loc. DOdokoro,
Izumi-mura, 1\liyagi-gun, Miyagi Prefecture (6tsutsumi formation).
Fig. 3. Right valve, x 1/2. Reg. No. 1992. Loc. 1\latsumori. Izumi-mura, Miyagi-gun, Miyagi Prefecture (Nanakita formation).
Fig. 4. Hinge area of right valve, x 1. Reg. No. 1993. Loc. Same as above.
Fig. 5. Right valve, x 1. Reg. No. 1976. Loc. Same as above.
Fig. 6. Left valve. x 1/2. Reg. No. 1980. Loc. Dodokoro, Izumi-~1~ra. Miyagi-gun, Miyagi Prefec·
ture (Otsutsumi formation).
Fig. 7. Hinge area of left valve, x 1. Reg. No. 1980. Loc. Same as above:

SM*=Abbreviation for Saito Ho·on Kai Museum, Sendai.

184

PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED (14)120·1. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum(Researches of the Nasionale l\Iuseum).
vol. 1. part 71205. Ibid., vol. 1. part 81206. Japan. jour. Geol. Geogr., vol. XXVI,
Nos. 3·41207. CROOKAI.L, R.: Fossil Plant of the Car·
boniferous Rocks of Great Britain. !Vlem.
Geol. Surv. Great Britain. Palaeont. vol.
IV. Part I. 1955
1208. Quart. Jour. Gcol. Soc. Lonc'.on, vol. CXl.
Pt. 2, 1955
1209. Senckenbergiana Lethaea. Bd. 36. Nr.
5/6. 1955
1210. Jour. Earth S:iences, Nagoya Univ .. vol.
3, No. 2. 1955
1211. LoEBT.lCII, Alfred R. Jr. & TAPPAN
Helen: Revision of some Recent Foraminiferal Genera. Smith. ~1isc. Coli., vol.
128. No, 5, july ·1955
1212. ~!CANULTY. W. N.: Geology of Cathedral Mountains Quadrangle. Brewster
County. Texas. Bureau of Econ. Geol.
Univ. Texas. Report of Inves:igation~
No. 25. May 1955
1213. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London. vol. CXI.
part 3. Dec. 1955
1214. 8<$:l!imS*· :Hft..!R voL 5, 41/Jt (I)1215. Mem. Fac. Sc.. Kyushu Univ. Ser. ))Geol.. vol. V. No. 3, Dec. 1955
1216. 1L'X~~~$.f&~fiJf~~H~ m21J. i!G31
1217: CHANDU:R. M. E.].: The Schi?.aeaceae of
the South of England in Early TertiaryTimes. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.).
Geol. Vol. 2. 1\o. 7. 1955
1218. Kumamoto jour. S;;ience, Ser. B, Sect.
1. Geol.. vol. 2. No. 1. Feb. 1956
1219. Jti1ilifi1f~ m39'iJ-. 19ss
II~40i} CF~t#-E§sV?fm~;:.~-t1220.
~~~rvr·~). 1956
1221. Quart. journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol.
CXI. Part 4. March 1956
1222. RAsETTI, Franco: Lower Cambrian

Ptychopariid Trilobite from the Conglomerates of Quebec. Smiths. Misc. Coli ..
vol. 128. No. 7. Aug. 1955
1223. GAZIN, C. Lewis: A Review of the Upper Eocene Artiodactyla of North America. Smiths. 1\'.isc. Coil., vo!. 128. No. 81224. jOHNSTON, C. Stuart & SAVAGE. Donald
E.: A. Survey of various Late Cenozoic
Vertebrate Fauna~ of the Panhandle ofTexas. Part 1. Univ. C:l.!ifornia Pub!. in
Gener. Sc .. vol. 31. No. 2, 1955
1225. SABAGE. Donald E.: A Survey of Various
Late Cenozoic Vertebrate Faunas of the
Panhandl~ of Texas. Part II, Univ. Calif.
Pub!. in Gen. Sc .. vol. 31. No. 3. 1955
1226. STAIR, Ralph: Tektites and the Lost PI·
a net. Smiths. Rep. for 1954. pp. 217-30
1955
1227. "'#EE~'iff • ~~~lJ:l: LlJ{~%J!EH:if8H'!i. ~t~J!\1. 1956
1228. ]EANNET. A.: Die Macrcoephaliten desCal!ovien von Herznach (Aargau). Mitt.
Geol. Inst. Eidg. Tech. Hochsch .. Univ.
Zurich. Ser. A. Nr. 56. (Eel. Geol. Helv ..
vol. 47. Nr. 2). 1954
1229. TRUMPY. R.: La Zone de Sion·Counmayeur dans le llaut Val Ferret valaisan.
Ibid .. Ser. A. Nr. 57 (Ibid .. vol. 47. no.
2), 1954·
1230. ZIMMERMA!':N, l'vl.: Geologische Untersuchungen in der Zone du Combin im Val
de Zinalund Val de Moiry (Les Diblons·
Garde de Bardon. Wallis). Ibid .. Ser. A.
Nr. 58. 1955
1231. TRUMPY. R.: Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Palaeogeographie und Deckenbau.
Ibid., Ser. B. Nr. 10. 1955
1232. KEREZ. Ch.: Zur Geologie des Savonese(Linurien·lta1ien). Ibid .. Ser. C, 1-<r. 59.
1955
1233. HANTKE. R.: Fossile Floren des Buechberges (Oberer Ziirichsee). Ibid .. Ser. C,
Nr. 60, 1955

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. 5.", No. 22. pp. 185-190, PI. 29, June 30, 1956

287.

ON THE VARIATION OF LIMA (ACESTA) GOLIATH AND
ITS ALLIED SPECIES, WITH THE DESCRIPTION
OF A NEW SPECIES*SHIGERU AOKIInstitute of Geology and .Mineralogy, Tokyo University of Education* *" ::r-11 -1 :to .t v::r:-O)J.Ii~f~O)~~i:."?I.''C, m-. 1 ~f!I!O)ilata: a~O)fii~W:b·l?~

* *J'

-c.

~n "C"'-~.
::r-11 1' !!I!~O)jl(~:fm 4 fil!l:.-?1., ~ 1 ~r:7Fr .t s t.~:i!IU1EO)J.7~z-m" ,-c.
ij:~7)t,'j~J: j Z.l..t:>-"f.:o {-0)~*· ~~~.:. 3 "?O)~ii;~C,ab(:,lt., C. ( 1:.. VE*~'t IJ'fl)ii·~

n-c1. •t;:IJ•"':>f.:. !W.i<1.>/AI. ', 11.1. 'ft\!O)~.Q.:. c. ~fii1i!i t...t.:o fl.tJ:. :!6=¥-W<::Itffil<1.>r,O)iR~ ( q:tii~)O)j£~h'J·t.>!*m t...t.:t~l<li:(t, ~& l?tJ·:.:. 1LI.,~bi: L..
f-'~f2!:<H:t, ~frn(!.(JI::. \, ;ht·" :t-1!

=-'-1 C.~-?'(1.'.~<1.>·<:-. Lima (Acesta) omorii cl.• lj~jij:?JZ.-9:.:t, l1c~'Z-rr-?f.: 0

From the Cenozoic deposits of Japan
many species of Lima (Acesta) havebeen described, but their details haveremained unknown owing to that themethods employed for measurement andto that material for comparative morphological observations have not bee:1
adequate.
The species hitherto recorded as
occurring from the Cenozoic deposits
are the fol!owing,
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
g.

goliath SoWERBY. 1883 (Miocene to
Recen'.)
yagc11C11sis 0Tt'KA, 1939 (Oligocene to Pliocene)
nagaoi OYAMA, 1951 (Oligocene)
11ishiyamai (YoKoYAMA), 1911 ( =L. (A)eocenica NAGAo, 1928) (Upper Eocene)
smilhi SOWERBY, 1888 (Oligocene t:>
Recent)j-suzukii TAKEDA, 1953 (Oligocene)amaxcmis NAG.-\o. 1911 (Upper Eocene)kumasoaua NAGAO, 1928 (Upper Eocene)

Of the listed species, the first four
appear to be closely related with one* Read june 18, 1955; received Oct. 3, 1955
185

'j!j'

* itt

another in general features. such as
outline. convexity, strength of surface
sculpture and size. Of them. Limayagenetzsis, which ~as named by Y.
OTuKA (1939. p. 27) for a shell from the
Miocene Yagen tormation of Shimokita
Peninsula, Aomori Prefecture. is considered by him to be identical with theLima goliath identified by :rvi. YoKoYAMA(1925-B, p. 123, pl. 14. fig. 11) from the
Oligocene Akahira formation of the Chichibu Basin, Saitama Prefecture. Subsequently, K. OYAMA (1943. p. 42) statedthat the Lima goliath recorded by M.
YoKOYAMA (1925-A, p. 26. pl. 3. figs. 1.
4) from the Miocene Shirado formationof the Joban coal-field in lbaragi and
Fukushima Prefectures, is also identicalwith yagenetzsis. All the specimensfrom the three localities have in common
the antero-ventrally extended shell outline and large dorsal angle. and by suchfeatures they have been distinguishedfrom the Recent Lima goliath. Limanagaoi was named for a specimen reported as Lima goliath by M. YoKoYAMA

186

Shigeru AoKI

(1927, p. 188, pl. 50, fig. 1) from the
Oligocene deposits of Kyushu, and isstated to include the Lima aff. goliath
recorded by T. NAGAo ( 1928, p. 40, pl.
6, figs. 17-19) from the Oligocene Ashiya
group of Kyushu. This species is said
to be distinguishable from Lima goliathby its less height and greater length,
according to K. OYAMA (1951. p. 56).
Lima nishiyamai was originally described by M. YoKOYAMA (1911. p. 7, pl. 1.
figs. la-b) under the generic name of
Perna. and is said to be distinguishable
from Lima goliath by the less convex
shell, less height and greater lengthwith shorter antero-dorsal margin andmore broadly rounded posterior end.
The shells of the mentioned four
species are characterized by being oblique, Iongitudinal.ovate and antero-ventrally or ventrally extended in shell-outline. Their surface sculpture. however, closely resembles one another. andfor this reason, they were selected as
the basis for study. The other four
species have stronger surface sculpture
and therefore. were omitted from therecent consideration.
Recently I collected an unusual formof Lima (Acesta) from the Miocene
Kadonos:1wa formation in the Ninohe
District, lwate Prefecture. during myfield work on the geology of the said
region. This specimen resembles Lima
goliath and its allied species from Japan,
but is more rounded in form.
Paleontological observations weremade on the form variation of Lima
(Acesta) goliath and its allid species,
with particular attention to the new
species which is described in this paper.
l\lethod of Measurement
Owing to that the shell outline ofLima is generally so oblique that theusual method of measurement is unreliable as to the true form or shape ofthe shell, I have employed the following
method for its measurement, namely(Text-fig. 1) : -Text-fig. 1.

H: Height
W: Width

0: Obliquity

Height (H) :-Diameter from tl:e tip of
the umbo to the opposite margin
in a direction of right angle tothe dorsal margin of the posterior ear.
Obliquity (0) :-Maximum diameterfrom the tip of the umbo to thefarthest point on the margin.
Width (W) :-Maximum diameter in a
direction of right angle to thatof obliquity.
Of the three diameters, the value of
Obliquity has already been discussed byW.]. ARKELL (1926, p. 196), and here I
take the Width of shell instead of Length, because the value of the latter
varies according to the degree of obliquity of the shell. In this paper, thecharacteristics of the shell form are represented by the correlation between
0/H and 0/W.
Results of ExaminationThe

specimens

examined,about

On the Variation of Lima (Acesta) goliath and Its Allied Species

187

Text-fig. 2. Types of shell form of Lima (Aces/a)Type 1-a 1: Recent Lima (A.) goliath So\VERBY
2: Fossil Lima (A.) goliath SoWERBY from the ?o.Iiocene Suenomatsuyama
formation, Iwate Prefecture.
Type 1-b 3: Lima (A.) yagenensis OTUKA from the Oligocene Akahira formation,
Chichibu Bas:n, Saitama Prefecture.
Type 2
5: Specimen from the Oligocene Akahira formation. Chichibu Basin, Saitama Prefecture.
6: Lima (A.) tlishiyamai (YoKOYAMA) from the Oligocene Ashiya Group,
Fukuoka Prefecture.
7: Lima (A.) omorii AoKl from the Mio~ne Kadonosawa formation, Iwate
Prefecture.

thirty in number, are preserved in theInstitute of Geology and Mineralogy.
Tokyo University of Education, theInstitute of Geology, Tokyo University,and the. Geological Survey of Japan.
Type specimens were not all accessible
for actual examination, therefore, I havemade measurements from the figured
types.
From the results of examination, I

have found three types of shell form in
the Lima (Acesta) goliath-group. (Textfig. 2)
Type 1-a. Shell is narrower that theType 2, less oblique than thatof the Type 1-b, and extends
ventrally. 0/W =1.15-1.5, 0/1-1=1.0-1.05.
Type 1-b. Shell is narrower than theType 2, more oblique than that

Shigeru AoKI

188

of the Ty}:e 1-a, and extends
antero-ventrally.
0/W =1.151.35. 0/H=l.l0-1.14.

Occurrence and Ecological Notes
on Lima (Acesta) omot"ii

Type 2. Shell is wider than the above
two. round and less oblique.
0/'vV =0.95-1.08, 0/H=l.00-1.04.

The general form of L. (A.) goliath
belongs to Type 1-a and that of L. (A.)
yagmensisto Type 1-b. and their differences are chiefly in the degree of obliquity of the shell. It should also be statedthat specimens of Recent aud fossil L.
(A.) goliath can be distinguished fromone another in their form of growth. In
the fossil L. (A.) goliatlt the maximum
Obliquity is anterior to the line indicating the Height, while in the Recent
specimens the reverse is the case. The
shells belonging to Type 2 are qliite
distinct from those of the other types
and are represented by L. (A.) nisltiyamai and the new species to be describedin this paper. Another orbicular typeoccurs in the Akahira fvrmation in the
Cbichibu Basin, Saitama Prefecture : thismay also represent a new srecies. It
also occurs in the Ashiya G-roup ofnorthern Kyushu, under the name of L.
(A.) nagaoi which is a species in needof further study.
Although it is not clear whether theabove.mentioned type.> of the shell formin Lima (Acesfa) have relation with theevolutionary trends of the subgenus, it
is at least evident that orbicular adultshell was derived from a more oblique,narrower and antero-ventrally extended
young. Further, so far as present data
permits, it is also evident that orbicularforms of Lima (Acesta) are unknown
from Pliocene or younger deposits, while
they are not uncommon in those of
Miocene or older. Such features may
have relationship with the phylog:;ny of
the subgenus.

AOKI, n. sp

The new species was collected fromthe pumiceous siltstone of the Shikonai
member of the Kadonosawa formation,at the fossil locality shown in Text-fig.
3. The Kadonosawa formation is typically exposed along the Shiratori River,_______

0

I

_,2

Ktn

Text-fig. 3. l\1ap showing the fossil localityof Lima (A) omorii AoKI, Iwate
Prefecture.

where it can be subdivided into threelithological units, namely conglomeratic
sandstone, claystone and siltstone withintercalated layers of tuff, and silty veryfine-grained sandstone in ascendingorder. Of these, the latter two rocks
are typical of the Shikonai member andthey contain abundant molluscan assem-

On the Variation of Lima (Acesta) goliath and Its Allied Sp=cie3

blages in various horizons (Aor<J, S.,
1955). The details of the stratigraphy
and paleontology of this district will begiven at another opportunity.
The new species is associated with
the i1facoma-Patinopecten as!:'emblage,
which is characterized by the abundanto::currence of Macoma optiva (YoKOYAMA) and Patinopectcn kimurai (YoKoYA:\!A), with rare or few occurrence of
Acila (Acila) submirabilis MAKIYA:\1A.
Atzadara aff. abdita (l\1..\KIYA:\!A), Venericardia siogamcnsis 11\o~IURA. Panopejaponica A ADAMS, Lucinoma acutilineata (CoNRAn), Cultellus izmnoensis YoKOYA:\IA, !11acoma aff. tokyoeusis MAKIYAJ\IA, Portlandia (Portlaudella) spp.,
Clinocardium cf. shinjiense (YoKoYA:\tA).
Clementia ( Compsomyax) cf. iizullai(YoKoYAMA). Fulgororia sp. indet.,
Neptzmea modesto (KuRoDA), Ancistrolepis sp. indet.. and Buccimmr sp.
These shells. especially of fi;Jacoma,show a crowded mode of occurrence inthe pumice-rich part of the siltstone.
and the fossils are scattered sparinglyor sporadically throughout in the pumice-poor part of the rock. Tl1e speciJ
mens of JI;Jacoma in the crowded portion occur with the shell intact or
isolated, while Culiellus and Panope
occur in natural position. The left
valve of the new species was collectedfrom the pumice-poor part of the siltstone. The surface ornamentation of theshell, which was unfortunately broken
at the time of collecting, was well preserved and shows no indication of being
worn.
From the above-mentioned evidence
and undisturbed sedimentary feature of
the strata in which fossils were embedded, the majority of the species of thisassemblage may be autochthonous or
subautochthonous. in spite of its crowded
mode of occurrence, which may be

189explained by the mass killing caused bydeposition of the volcanic materials on
the ancient sea bottom.
In the Ninohe district, although theoccurrence of the present new species
seems to be restricted to the Kadonosawa formation, L. (A.) goliath SoWERBY
occurs rather commonly in the overlying Suenomatsuyama formation andvery rarely in the Kadonosawa formation, from which a single questionable
immature shell was collected. L. (A.)
goliath was found in the fine- to mediumgrained sandstone and conglomeratic
sandstone of Suenomatsuyama formation,in association with abundant or commonshells of Pafi?Zopecten spp .. Chlamys spp.,
Volsella difficilis KmwnA et BABE.
Lucinoma acutilineata (CoNRAD). Septifer n. sp. and others.
From the respective associated faunaand lithology, the ecological environments of the above two species may be
distinguished from each other.
Description of New Species

Family Limidae
Genus Lima BRt.;cmi·:RE, 1797
Subgenus Acesta H. and A. ADAMS, 1858

Lima (Acesta) cmorii AnKJ, n. sp.
PI. 29, Fig. 1

Shell (left valve) large in size,
moderately thick, convex, suborbicular,slightly oblique, inequilateral; posterior
and anterior ends broadly rounded, ventral margin slightly arcuate, posterodorsal margin nearly straight, long; beakprominent overhanging ligamenta! pit;
posterior ear fractured, but perphaps
small, anterior ear invisible ; surface,according to the field observations,ornamented with numerous fine, . undulating radial lines, except near theShigeru AoKI

190

anterior and posterior margins where
there are narrow areas covered by rather strong radial ribs. .The immatureform of the shell is more oblique. anteroventrally extended and narrower inshape.
lvleasurements:-(in mm.)
Height 136, Obliquity 138, Width 129,
Thickness 58.
Comparison and Remarks:-Two specimens lacking the greater part of theshell. The present new species is characterized by its large size and suborbicular or orbicular outline of theshell. As already mentioned, this species
resembles L. (A.) nislziyamai (YoKOYAMA) and L. (A.) nagaoi OYAMA, but isdistinguishable therefrom by having
shorter antero-dorsal margin and moreorbicular form of the shell. Anotherallied species is Lima oregmumsis Cr-ARK(1925, p. 84, pl. 14, figs. 3, 4) from the
Oligocene Keasey formation of Oregon,
but it has a longer antero-dorsal marginof the shell than that of this new species.
It must be also stated that there arcsome closely allied species of Lima in
the Cretaceous of England.
The specific name is given in honorof Mr. Masae cli\lORI, who gave me
many suggestions with regard to problems on paleontology.
Locality and Horizon :-·A river-side
exposure of the Shiratori River, about
50 m. immediate:y southeast of Kagitori,
Nisatai-mura, Ninohe.gun, lwate Prefecture. Shikonai member of the Kadonosawa formation, Miocene. Reg. No.
15001.
Acknowledgements

I wish to record my thanks to Professor Kotora HAT AI for his supervisionand reading of this manuscript. Ack-

nowledgements are also due to Messrs.
Masae OMoRI, Saburo KANNo ar:d Katsumi HmAYAMA of our Institute for
their kind encouragement. I also thankMessrs. Sunao OcosE of the Tokyo
University and Atsuyuki MizuNo of theGeological Survey of Japan, for the permission to examine the specimens in
the collections of those institutes.
Literatures Cited
AoKI, S. (1955), l\~olluscan As3emblages of theKadonosawa Formation, Iwate Prefecture.
(Abstract). four. Ceo/. Soc. Japan, vo/.
61, no. 718. p. 334.
AIIKELL, W.]. (1926), Studies in the Corallian
Lamellibranch Fauna of Oxford. Berks andWilts. Ceo/. Mag., vol. 63, 110. 5.
CLARK, B. L. (1925), Pelecypoda from theMarine Oligocene of Western North America. Univ. Calif. Pub!.. Dept. Ceo/. Sci.,
vol. 15.
NAGAo, T. (1928), Paleogene Fossils of the[slands of Kyushu, Japan. Part 2. Sci.
Rep. Tohoku Univ., ser. 2 (Ceo/.). vol. 12,110. 1.
OTUKA. Y. (1939), Mollusca from the Cainozoic
System of Eastern Aomori Prefecture,
Japan. four. Ceo/. Soc. ]a/Jan, vol. 44, 110.
544.

OYAMA. K. (1943), Familia Limidae. Conclzologia Asiatica. vol. 1.
- - (1951), Three new fossil Shells from
Paleogene of Kyushu. Ceo/. and Mineral,
vol. 4, 11os. 1, 2.
YoKOYAMA, M. (1911), Some Tertiary Fossils
from the Miike Coal-Field. jour. Col/.
Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vol. 27, art. 20.
(1952-A), l\·lolluscan Remains from theLowest Part of the Joban Coal-Field. ibid,
vol. 45, art. 5.
(1925-B), Mollusca from the Tertiarr
Basin of Chichibu. four. Fac. Sci., Imp.
ll11iv. Tokyo. sec. 2. vol. 1, pt. 3.
(1927), Tertiary Fossils from \Vestern
Hizen. ibid, vol. 2, pt. 4.

S. AoKI:

Variation of Lima (Acesta)

Plate 29lb

Explanation of Plate 29
Figs. 1-a,b. Lima (Acesta) omorii AoKI, n. sp.
Upper and side views (nearly natural size) Reg. No. 15001,
coli. Tokyo Univ. Educ.; Kagitori, Nisatai-mura, Ni nohe-gun,
Iwate Prefecture. (phot. by S. AoKI)

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. 5., No. 22. pp. 191-194, June 30, 1956

288. A NEW SPECIES OF DAMESITES FROM THE CENOMANIANOF HOKKl\IDO, JAPAN(Studies on the Cretaceous Ammonites from Hokkaido and Saghalien-IX)*
RINJI SAITO
Department of Geology, Kumamoto University
andTATSURO MATSUMOTO
Department of Geology, Kyushu University:ltifell(-t /-...:. -r yJmO) Damesites ~f!ll: Damesites It S~ci-O)j)iQ!fu~O)-t / =- -r y-t / ~ =- 7' Yl:.ffi3i" ~$7.)-1:. ~, ;t;jll~O) "O)iJ:, fiiitJ:iJ; Gill-t?.,.:: C. i.l::h

1:.~1. '~iiiJtt.:tJ:,'IJ•"='f.::.o i-tt.lt:ttiijJ!H~'ff}JU II Iilli., 0) .:::.~~0) Desmoceras japoniwm mt:.tlfli-·"='im t.. t.::." 0) ~», ~tJ:. D. laticari11atus
I., 5 ~m!~ft'f&i" ~ ii§.lb Gt1,~(7)"'t:, i-(7)Jia'f&~ii 5o .::nit
Desmaceras kossmati-D. poronaicum O)*~.C. ":JfJ:iJ: tJ il;~ ~C.
tc ;tL? ~~11~aft.
0~,;Jit}t(:lt~l:." .::t1, C.)[f!1. (ffi l }JUfiD ~tJ;i!€-t ~.:: c n:i)tJ.I.J 'IJ>~·-t-c ~t.::.o .::.ttl? mlt~il· 1?.
Desmoceratidae ;fif0)9£ifi~l:.":11. ,"(O)~~(t, 1.' < I?'IJ·~IE-t~•iDW:iJ;Lf: t:t.::.o -tt.d >~.Dame­sites It ·'t J "":. -r :1' 1:. ltfl!tl:. Desmoceras iJ, t.:>7Nt l. -c :t,; I) . Tragodesmoceroides • Tra~to(ies­moceras C. lt'L• L.1.>JJlff,)':J(7)~~l:. :ti,"'?t.::. )j.fJ:i"::JJ:iJ:, *~C. fJ:"?"( ~ t.::.o

c

c

"--:>

m5E

c

~ltd$

1* "#\· t~ *it .!'!IItion to be settled.
One of us (R. S.) once discovered a
specimen which could be assigned toDamesites from the Cenomanian of Hokkaido, but has left it undescribed because of its too solitary occurrence. On
the other hand S!=ecialists in foreigncountries have laid special attention toDamesites since the genus was monographically described in Japan. Thanks to
the hind personal communications andgifts of the plaster casts of American
specimens from Dr. CormAN of U.S.
Geological Survey and from Mr. Co;o.;uNin Texas we are now inclined to consider it reasonable ~hat the genus begins
to appear at the latest in the Cenomanhin. The description of the American
species is now under preparation by Dr.
CoBRAN.
Following his kind advice
we describe here the Japanese form inquestion.

Introduction

Damcsilcs is a genus of Desmoceratidae which is very common in theUpper Cretaceous of Japan and adjoining areas. It is represented in the
Urakawan (approximately ConiacianSantonian-Lower Campanian) by D.
damesi (JJ~In<>), D. semicostatus (YABEMS) lVIATStJMoTo and D. sugata (FoRBES) and in the Hetonaian (Upper
Campanian-Maestrichtian) -by D. hetonaiensis (SAITo MS) MATSUMOTo. Therefore the genus has been considered
as ranging throughout the whole periodof the Senonian (T. MATSUMoTo, 1954a).
However the specimens coming fromthe Lower Urakawan are so numerous
that the possibility of the earlier appe.arance of a forerunner has been a ques-* Read June 18. 1955; received Oct. 29, 1955
191

192

Rinji SAITO and Tatsuro MATSUMOTO

Systematic Description

Family Desmoceratidae
Genus Damesites MATSUMoTo, 1942
Damesites latica,-i1zatus sp. nov.
(Text-figs. 1-4)

Material.-A single specimen provided
with a probable body chamber, a halfof which is destroyed away, holotype,
R. SAITo Coli.
Specific diagnosis.-Fairly small, much
involute, narrowly umbilicate and discoidal shell. Whorls are compressed,with height increasing more rapidly
than breadth. Venter is arche:l andprovided with a smooth median keel,
which has a broad base and rather

obtusely angular top. Flanks are very
gently convex in the outer whorls which
are broadest· slightly above the midheight. Umbilicus is crater-like, with asubrounded margin and a steep or nearly perpendicular wall.
Surface of the shell is nearly smooth and only fairtly striate. The striae
are gently flexuous on the flanks andshow a prominent forward bend on theventer. Faint longitudinal ornaments
are discernible on the well preserved
shell.
Sutureline is of typical Desmoceras
pattern and has relatively narrow anddeeply incis3d lobes. much resemblingthat of Desmoceras kossmati MATSUMOTO(T. M., 1954a, p. 251, text fig. 1 (47)).

.•

h

a

Text fig. 1.

cDamesites laticari11atus sp. nov.

Lateral (a) and ventral (b) views and· a restored whorl-s~ction (c), natural size.
Holotype from the Mikasa formation of the Ikushumbets valley; Ishikari Province,

Hokkaido (R. SAITO Coli.).

A New Species of Damesites from the Cenomanian of Hoklnido, Japan

Jl.feasrweme1tts.-

Diameter
Maximum (approximation)
77
Relatively undeformed
part of body whorl
35.2
Inner whorl

Height43

Breadth27(~/H)

Umbilicus(0.63)

7

40.0
20.5

25.4
15.6

(0.63)(0.76)

34

Compariso1l.-The specimen in question
resembles inshell-form Damesites
damesi (JDmo) (1894, p. 26. pl. i, figs.
2, 2a, 2b, 3; !'vlATSU:\tOTO, 1954a, p. 267.
pl. v (xxi), figs. la-d. 2a, b. 3a, b andtext figs. 10. 11 [56. 57]). the type species of the g<!nus, being only slightly
more compressed, when the shells of
the corresponding size are ~ompared.
The remarkable distinction is in the
broadness of the keel and in the absenceof the subcostr.e in the present form.
The furrows on both sides of the keel
are distinctly developed in the typicalDamesites dr.;mesi but are fairly weakin some individuals of the same SJ:ecies.
In the present form very shallow longitudinal depressions are discernible on
both sides of the broad base of the keel.
Thus, in spite of the solitar.Y occurrence. the specimen in question ciearly
represents a new species. which hassome affinity with Damesites damesi.
Desmoccras (Pseudorelzligella) japomcum YAnE, which occurs adundantlyin the same bed as the present species,bas wider umbilicus. angular umbilicalwall. flattened flanks, frequent constri::·tions and no keel. In the narrowness ofthe sutural elements, infrequency of theconstriction and gentle com·exity of the
fiai'ks the present species may havecloser connexion with the series ofDesmoceras kossmati MATSUMOTo-Des·
moceras (Pscudouhligella ?) pomnaicmn
YABE (sec l'vL\Tstr~IOTO, 1954a, p. 260)
than to that of Desmoceras latidorsatum(.MlcHEl.tN)-D. (P.) japonicum YABE.
An American form from U.S. G. S.
Mesozoic Joe. 22871. six miles northwestof Alzanda. near top of Belle Fourche

193

(%)

(9.6)

shale. probable Upper Cenomanian,which is to be described by Dr. CouBAK,
is very similar to ours in its broadnessof the keel and other points, but its
keel is rounded on top and weakly serra.ted, owing to the interl;ection withthe striae or riblets, and its flexuous
striae are more distinct and distant ina certain limited growth-stage. resulting in the close-set riblets. Another
American form from · the Bluebonnet
member, Eagle Ford formation of .McLennan County, Texas, a plaster castof which has been kindly sent to oneof us CT. M.) from Mr. CoNI.lK, is allied
to ours in general aspects but its keel
seems again to be broadly rounded.
Occurrencc.-Rare in the clark coloured
calcareous nodule in the Mikasa forma·tion (=the so-called T1·igonia Sandstone) along the main colU'se of thelkushumbets, Ishikari Province, Hokkaido. Zone of Desmoccras (Pseudouhligclla) japouicum, Cenomanian.
Concluding Remarks

The present discovery is interesting
to the evolutional history of Damesites
and also to that of Desrnoceratidae.
From the species described above (andalso from the American forms) it now
becomes evident that Damcsites begins
to appear in the Cenomanian. From thisfact and from the morphological resemblance (as well as the ontogenetic development of the ·characters) the origin
of Damesites is more likely sought in
Desmoceras, a world-wide genus inAlbian and Cenomanian.
Tragodes11zocc1·oidcs and Tragodes-

194

Rinji SAITo and Tatsuro J\IATSUMDTo

moceras, peculiar members of Desmoceratidae (see T. M. 1954a, 1954b), may
not be a direct ancestor of Damesites,
but may be parallel developments. We
could expect to find the forerunners ofthese two genera in the Cenomanian too.
Comparing the species of Damesites
in the successive zones of the Upper
Cretaceous, we find a general tendency
that the ventral keel, which is an important generic character. is at first low
and broad, in the main period moderate
or very strong and lastly very narrowand small. Similarly the surface ornamentation is at first weak, in the main
period typically distinct and finallyobsolete. However for a precise tracing·of the lineage more collections arewanted.
In conclusion we express our particular thanks to Doctor W. A. ConBAN of
U. S. Geological Survey in Denver, Mr.

]. P. Co~uN in Texas and Mr. C. W.
WRIGHT in London for their friendly
helps to our study. The photographs
have been taken by one of us (T. M.)
with kind assistance of Mr. I. 0BATA.
Works cited]IMBO, K. (1894), Beitriige zur Kenntnis derFauna der Kreideformation von Hokkaido.
Palaconlol. Abbandl., ll (N. F. 2). 149-194,pis. xvii (i)-xxv (ix).
MATSUMOTO, T. (1954a), Selected Cretaceous
Leading Ammonites in Hokkaido andSaghalien. Appendix in T. MATSUMOTO(Editor): Cretaceous.System in the Japanese Islands, 243·318, pls. xvii (i)-xxxvi(xx), Tokyo.
MATSU~IOTO. T. (1954b), Family Puzosiidae
from Hokkaido and Saghalien. Mem. Fac.
Sci., Kyushu Univ., (D) (Geol.), 5, 69·118,
pis. 9·23.

Trans. Proc. Palaenot. Soc. Japan. N. S., No. 22, pp. 195-203, June 30. 1956.

289. ON THE MUTATION OF TEREBRATALIA COREANICA(ADAMS AND REEVE) FROM A CONCHOMETRICAL
POINT OF THE VIEW*JIRO KOTOH
Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd., Tokyo Branch-officerrillO~J.l!it!!J: I) JH:.;;,Terebratalia coreantca (!) mutation l;:ittl. ''C : m~:&V:ft:£ifm(!)Jr9,lTerebratalia corea11ica (AD.\I\lS and REEvE) (!)~;ll!. i'iJ!:liiiJFt L"C~(!)~GJt.~rrii!UL. ~f!J!(!)IDt(!)~~l;:(t!ffi~~im~f!l!I;:Ji!.G;tt,?;, transverse t.>. i (!)C., "f~!!il:i.I!Ht::Efmi;:Ji!. G;tt,?;,elongate fti(!)C._..:ru!t.,?;,$~iitit~, .:,(!){t,:Gf!J!~ WAAGEN (!)'i!l~%J~J:.(!) mutation c!:-t'?;, 0ffiiL.-r: . .:.ttil:ttf!f.!I!¥Jt.dN'Uili-t;i:>7.dJ>, 3(Jt ecotype l!XIt cline t,ci (!)~i:,~idtraJ-t:frt.dlt~~-~--t'~oW~ ~ U
Terebratalia coreanica (ADAMS andREEVE) dates back to tl1e Miocene andpossibly may also occur in pre-Miocene
deposits. The geographical distribution
is from the Strait of Chosen (Korea)
north to the Tsugaru Strait including
Mutsu Bay of Aomori Prefecture, from
where it ranges southwards to the Boso
Peninsula along the Pacific Ocean. It
is also known from the Amakusa Island
in Ariake Bay, Kyushu, and Tsingtao.
China. It is known to have a bathymetric range from 12 or less to 150 ormore fathoms, and to flourish on a muddy bottom intermixed with some sand(fine grained but not coarse).
With respect to the shell-outline ofthis species. Dr. K HATAI bas alreadysaid, "It appears that there is a tendency in the young stage to take to atransverse development in shell-outline.
although there exists more orbicularforms. This tendency to transverse
development is gradually transferred
into one with a more orbicular development. In the adult stage, specimens

With regard to the Recent and Neogene Brachiopoda of Japan. Dr. Kotara
HATAI has already published many
papers. However, concerning the variation of brachiopods. there are but few
works, therefore the writer desires topresent the results of his observations
on the variation of Terebratalia coreanica (ADAMS and REEVE), which hecollected from the fossil. zones in Umadate. Koda-mura. Ichihara-gun. andJizodo. Makuda-mura. Kimitsu-gun, Chiba Prefecture. He also wishes to show
the relation thought to exist between
the Recent and fossil specimens of thenamed species.
Here the writer wishes to offer hishearty thanks to Dr. K. HATAI for
allowing him to study the specimens
preserved in the Institute of Geology
and Paleontology, Toboku University,and for his encouragements. Acknowledgement should be made to Dr. S.
lJIRI for his critical views.
*Read Dec. 19, 1954; received Sept. 28, 1955
195

196

Jiro KoToH

having such a transverse outline as
those of the young are seemingly rare,
the majority having attained a moreorbicular outline. The adult stage presents a large number of varied forms(shell-outline), the most extreme types
or outline being the transverse andelongate ones with the intermediate
forms supplementing the intervening
area... He recognized the transformation during- the developments of theshell-outline from the young to the adultstages. The writer also considers theexistence of the two types away the
Recent and fossil specimens of thisspecies in Japan, for which reason hehas undertaken a Conchometrical analysis of the valves.
Terebratalia coreatzica. which is alarge species is characterized besides its
beautiful color by having a sulcation in
the anterior commissure, a curved lateral commissure that governs the anterior
and lateral growths of the valves. The
roundness of the lateral corners andanterior edge and tl;le convexity of both
valves are also charr.cteristic. For measurements, the length and maximum
width of the ventral valve and convexity of both valves were chosen. The
percentages of the Width (W) andConvexity (C) to the Length (L), andthe same of the Length (L). Width (W)and Convexity (C) to the Sum (S) wereobtained from these measurements.
The details of the measurements areomitted in this paper.
The provinces, localities and geological occurrences of the measured specimens are shown in the following :Living species:
1. The province of :r-.Iutsu Bay.
IGPS*. nos. 23633; 56792 ; 52880; 54056.
Number of Individuals: 89.

* IGPS. abbreviation for Institute of Geology
and Paleontology, Sendai.

2. The province of the Tsugaru Strait.
St. 645, 41° 06' 19" N .. 140° 19' 15" E.,in 115 m., bottom temperature 144°C., muddy
sand shells. Aug. 22. 1930, IGPS, no. 56258;
St. 652. 41° 27 1 08" N .. 140° 23' E., in llOm., bottom temperature 14.0°C., gravels, Aug.
24, 1930. IGPS, no. 56253;
St. 654. 41° 33 1 25 11 N., 140° 56' 50" E.,in 44 m., bottom temperature 20.5°C., rock;,
Aug. 30, 1930. IGPS. no. 56257;
St. 658. 41° 39' N .. 14P 33 1 27" E., in 113
m .. bottom temperature 16.3'C .. Aug. 30. 1930,
IGPS. no. 56742;
St. 65. 41° 16 1 30 11 N., 140° 24 1 E.. in 91
m .. bottom temperature 15.2°C.. gravel:;, Aug.
23, 1930. IGPS. no. 56256;
I-Iakodate. Hokkaido. IGPS. no. 12945.
Number of Individuals: 8.
3. The northern province of the Japan
Sea.
St. 638. 40° 31 1 15" N.. 139° 30' 45 11 E ..
in 73 m .. ho~tom temprature 16.6°C.. rocks.
Aug. 18. 1930. IGPS. no. 56255;
St. 613. 38° 321 30" N .. 139° o1' 50" E ..
in 254m .. bottom temperature 3 2C.. mud. Aug.
l3. 1930. IGPS. no. 56254.
Number of In<Uviclual:;: 3.
4. The middle province of the Japan Sea.
St. 572. 37° 521 55 11 N .. 137~ 45' E.. in 132
m .. bottom temperature 16.SC .. rocks. July 27.
1930, IGPS. no. 56246;
St. 575. 37° 48' N., 137" 181 E., in 123 m.,bottom temperature 16.8C .. sand. July 28, 1930.
IGPS. no. 56244;
St. 580. 37° 171 50 11 N .. 137° 171 10" E.,in 135 m.. bottom temperature 14.2°C.. sand,July 29. 1930. IGPS, no. 56245;
St. 582, 37° 01' 3511 X. 137' 04 1 55" E ..
in 176 m .. bottom temperature 12.1°C.. sandy
mud. July 30. 1930. IGPS. no. 56250.
Number of Indivicl.uals: 6.
5. The southern province of the Japan
Sea.
St. 520, 35° 43' N.. 133° 071 30" E .. in 75
m .. bottom temperature 23.3°C .. sand. Aug. 23.
1929, IGPS. nos. 59247. 56264, 56740;
St. 524, 35° 391 N .. 134° 04' 30" E .. in 88
m., bottom temperature 22.5°C.. s'Iale andsand, Aug. 23. 1929, IGPS. no. 56743;
St. 525. 35° 411 30" N., 134° 181 30" E.,On the 11utation of Terebratalia coreat1ica (ADAMS and REEVE)in 137 m.. bottom temperature 14.0°C.. sand,Aug. 23. 1929, IGPS. no. 56249;
St. 519, 35° 41 1 20" N .. 133? 39' E .. in 81
m .. bottom temperature 23.3"C., sand, Aug. 20,
1929. IGPS. no. 56248;
St. 502, 35° 59 1 45" N., 132° 57 1 E., in 110
m .. bottom temperature 18.6°C.. sand. Aug. 15.
1929. IGPS, no. 56252;
Off-shore, Kyoto Prefecture. IGPS. no.
12001.
Number of Individuals: 10.
6. The northern province of the Pacific
Ocean.
St. 84, 40° 141 30 11 N., 141° 48 1 30" E .. in
101 m., bottom temperature 16.6°C.. sand. Nov.
2. 1926. IGPS. no. 56263;
St. 86. 40° 161 30" N .. 141° 53 1 E .. in 86
m., bottom temprerature 16.0°C.. sand, Nov. 2.
1926. IGPS. no. 62102;
St. 66. 40° 281 40" N .. 142° 01' 51" E .. in
165 m .. bottom temperature 13.7°C.. sand. July21, 1926. lGPS. no. 56260;
St. 85. 40° 301 N.. 141° 51 1 E .. in 91 m ..
bottom temperature 16.o>c.. sand. Nov. 2,
IGPS, no. 56259.
Number of Individuals: 4.
7. The middle province of the Pacific
Ocean.
Enoshima. Ojika·gun. I wate Prefecture.
IGPS. no. 12943 ;Yanoura, Ojika-gun, Iwate Prefecture,
IGPS. no. 12944;
St. 133°. 36 1 Og" N., 140° 46 1 E., in 33m.,
bottom temperature 9.9°C., fine sand. May 12,
1927, IG?S, no. 56251 ;St. Z6. 3P 15 1 3011 N.. 141° 30' 40" E.,in 231 m .. bottom temperature 5.2°C., muddy
sand. July 2. 1926, IGPS. no. 56262;
Onahama Bay, Iwaki·gun, Fukushima Pre·
fecture. LPS, no. 56278;
St. 132, 36° 221 1011 X, 140° 441 36" E ..
in 'lB m.. bottom temperature 8.8"C., gravels
and sand, May 12, 1929. IGPS. no. 56261.
Xumber of Individuals: 15.
8. The southern province of the Pacific
Ocean.
St. 440, 32'0 121 15 11 ~-. 128° 06 1 30'' E ..
in 152 m., bottom temperature 15.7°-C., sandand shells, July 19. 1929. 1GPS, no. 52739(offshore, Kyushu). Only one specimen.

197

Fossi I species:
The localitie~ of Chiba Prefecture(Pleistocene):
Umadate, Koda·mura. Ichihara·gun, sandy
mud. very fossiliferous.
Number of Individuals: 89.
Jizodo. l\·1akuda-mura. Kimitsu·gun, muddy
sand. very fossiliferous.
Number of Individuals: 4.
~linato·machi.
Kimitsu·gun, IGPS, no.
15874; Moroichi. Sittu-mura, Ichihara·gun,
1GPS, no. 43761; Takata Station. Makuda·mura, Kimitsu·gun, IGPS. no. 45596; Southerncut of Sanuki Station, Kimitsu·gun, IGPS. no.
33595.
Number of lndi~·iduals: 11.
2. The locality of Setana, Hokkaido (Plio·cene), IGPS.
Number of Individuals: 6.
3. The locality of Nishianecha·motoura·kawa. Ilagifuse-mura, Hidaka·gun. Hokkaido,
IGPS, no. 50986 (Formation unknown). Only
one specimen.
4. The localities of Shimane Prefecture.
:Koshirotawa·Tanaka, Nogi-mura, Yasoku·
gun. IGPS. no. !i2887; Hushina. Tamayu·mura,
Yasoku-gun. IGPS, no. 528.15 (Formation ofboth localities unknown). Number of Indivi·
duals: :-1.
5. The locality of Awaji Isiands.
Wejima. Naya·machi, Tsuna·gun (Forma·tion unknown). Two specimens.
6. The locality of Noto Peninsula.
IGPS, no. 52879 (Formation unknown).
Three specimens.
7. The locality of Saishu·to. Korea.
Seikiho, IGPS. no. 36792 (Seikiho Forma·tion: Upper Pliocene or Lower Pleistocene).
1.

The conchometrical study in thispaper is based on the above mentioned
136 living specimens and 120 fossll ones.
The critical regions are measured
within the probable error of a level ofthe significance of 5 percent of the
populations of the Living and Fossil
species, with regard to the variationsof the W/L and C/L rates as related
to time. Hence, using the following
equation~...
Fos~il sp.

Ghiba Pref.
Setana. Hokkaido.
(!) Hidaka-gun, Hokkaido.
b.. Shimane Pref.
A. Awaji·Shima.
0 Noto Peninsula.
• Saishuto. Korea.
oRecent sp.
x Mutsu Bay.
+ Tsugaru Straits.
® Northern Prov.. Japan Sea
Side.
" Middle prov .. Japan Sea Side.
v Southern Prov., Japan Sea
Side.

8 Northern

Prov..

Pacific

Ocean Side.
.l Middle Prov., Pacific Ocean
Side.
T Southern Prov .. Pacific Ocean
Side.

CfL
80

70

()0

~

9

~
X

X

*

•

.J¥
~

~X

1-

... ~

":1:'
X

I

..

\

50

... ,•" ..

.::--._. 8 )(
it
'

)()(

X

. . ~:t~
~~ *'
X X

•

,x• ...

-1-

It'.._

X

141)
J(

0

"'

.

)(

/

.~1~7-.

-10TA......

~r~~=:

Rejection Ellipse of Umaclate sp.

30

Rejection Ellipse of Aomori Bay sp.

20
o•
,n

10
~~

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

Text Fig. 1. Diagram showing the relation between the Width-Length (W/L) ratio and Convexity-Length (C/L) rntio ofthe valv,$ of the living and fossil species of T. coreanica (ADAMS and REEVE). And the rejection ellipse of the populationsin the lfmadate locality (86 species of 15-52mm. in length), and l'vlutsu Bay ( 47 species of 20· 60 mm. in length).

w;tRecent sp.
" l\lutsu Bay.
-i· Tsngaru Strait~.
01'orthern Prov .. Japan Sea Side •1\ Middle Prov .. Japan Sea Side.
v Southern Prov., Japan Sea Side.
E' Northern Prov., Pacific Ocean Side.
.L Middle Pacific Ocean Side.
T Southern Prov ., Pacific Ocean Side.

Fossil sp.
• Chiba Pref.
"Setana. J-Iol;kaido.
•0:' Hidaka-gun, Hokl<aido .
.:-. Shimane Pref.
... Awaji·Shima.
o Nota Peninsula.

W/L

..

o•

150

• Saishuto, Korea.
140
130

..

120
X

110

X X '

~

>I

.1.

••

+

9&

0

"

s.

;:!.

::s
g,

T
~

~

+

•

0

"'

...
•

,.

'

0
0

X ~

••

'

~

'

.....-

~~

"

::1

Jl.

:·

•

,._

~X.

X

•

.

. • ·0

~

0

"'

•

;.. • + .... If&• ~"''. :-.. " . :

.,.

""

~

"

~

O•
.&.

~

.

'

' +

!

.,.

90

80

(l)

::::
c;·

'1.

~

V'

100

'lr '\,

..
X

~
g;

X

X

~

'\ .""'

..

~
A

g
~

X

::

£·
~,..;,.

70

iii

60

II>

::s

Q.

50

::d
t:l

40

t:l

<

::1
......,

30

5

7

9

11

13

15

11

19

21

23

25

27

29

~n

33

35

37

39

41

43 45
Length

47

49

51 53
mm.

Text ·Fig. 2. Diagram showing the relation between the Width·Length (W /L) ratio and Length (L) of the living andfossil species of T. corea11ica (ADAl\IS and REEVE).

55

::;

"'

~
Recent sp.
Day.
+ Tsugaru Straits.
@Northern Prov., Japan Sea Side.
11 Middle Prov., Japan Sea Side .
v Southern Prov .. Japan Sea Side.
e Nortl1crn Prov .. Pacific Ocean Side.
~Middle Prov ., Pacific Ocean Side.
T Southern Prov., Pacific Ocean Side.

Fossil sp.
• Chiba Pref.
a Setana, Hokkaido.
t!l Hidaka-gun, Hokkaido.
D. Shimane Pref.
... Awaji·Shima.
0 Noto Peninsula.
• Saishuto, Korra.

cfi,.,

,n

120
110

>< Mutsu

100

90

+

so

e

X

70

....

60

~ X: XX

50

40

'X><

" xxx ... &..

~

~

dl

XJ!k )t

t

....
._

.f.(

L )(

v

.

•v •

.L

+

0

.

X X
,.x>~<

"
c

}

" ~

...

"' ... x• ~o ~ ·0• '-•[
••" c
X

X •

v

.. "
•

~

X

I

I

~~.
~ .L · ' ·

.L l(

t
•• •
••• ••••

o\' . . . : .
•';::-!

....

•

X

• :

"
"

)(

•

. 0. ;~ ...

0 ••

....

....
J

"

.

:.

•.

•
"

•

l

.

0

•

0

~

T

30
20
10

0
5

7

Te~t· Fig. 3.

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

41

43 45
Length

47

49

51 53
mm.

Diagram showing the relation between the Convexity· Length (C/L) of the living and fossil species of T.
corem1ica (ADAMS and REEVE).

55

:;.::

0
"'!
0
:I:

On the Mutation of Terebratalia corea11ica (ADAMS and REEvE)

F= (N_::-2>-N(N+l).-L{ch(x-x)22 .d-

21/Jlz(x-x)(y-y)+t/Ju(y-y)2 }....................................... ···(1)where, F is the value of the level ofsignificance (5%), in the f.distribution
under two degrees of freedom 1t1 =2,
n2=N-2; N the number of treated specimens ; x; and y; are the measured
values (i=l. 2. 3.·· N) and andy arexN-i

the sample means; 1/Jn=~~ (x-x) 2. tP12=
1

N=i

1\'-i

1

1

:t: (x-x) (y- y), c:f>22='22 (y-y) and J=

tPu c:f>22-tPt2~.

In the equation (1), let t1=x-x, h=y-y. Thus solving the equation 0)
au t 2 +2aiz h h+a~2 ~??-1=0........................................... (2)By equation (2) that shows the ellipse formula, the inclination ((I) of thelong axis of the rejection ellipse is obtained bytan 28=~ 12 all-aZ?
and the lengths of the two axes by thetwo real roots of
X2 -(au +azz) i\.+(ltu cXz2-adl)=0Then, the rejection ellipse of thefossil population in the Umadate locality, Chiba Prefecture. from the young
stage (15 mm. in length) to the fullgrown one (52 mm. in length). is N=86,
x=86.5%, y=48.4%. 0=-29°20, a=l6, b=9, and one of the populations in the
Living species from Mutsu Bay. fromthe young stage (20 mm. in length) to
the full grown one (GO mm. in length),
is N=47, x=l07.2%, y=56.5%, 0=-18,
a=34.5, b=10.3.
In all the paired values of the W /L

201

and C/L rates obtained by the calculation, when we plot, W /L, which shows
the ratio of the development of thelateral side with the growth toward theanterior and posterior parts, by X axis,
and C/L, which represents the degreeof inflation of both valves \vith thegrowth, by Y axis, serve to determine
tl1ese critical regions (Text-Figtrre 1).
Without controversy, we may distinctly
recognize two types: namely, the one
type corresponding to the living species
that inhabits Mutsu Bay, and the othercorresponding to the fossil species of
the U mad ate locality (Pleistocene) in
Chiba Prefecture.
These two types are also easily
distinguishable by the trends and thevariabilities of W /L and C/L throughthe all growth stages (refer to TextFigures 2 and 3).
The Fossil species from Chiba Prefecture generally show a weaker tendency of inflation of the valves comparedwith the Living species of Mutsu Bay
and vary in outline from orbicular develoment in the young stage (15 mm. in
length) to elongate development in theadult and full grown stages. On theother hand, the Living compared with
the Fossil species exhibits stronger
convexity of the valves and varies inoutline from orbicular development in
the infantile stage to a strongly transverse one in the young stage, and therefrom to an orbicular or weaker elongate
ones in the full grown stage. These
relations are obviously distinguishable
by the percentages of the Length, Width
and Convexity for the above mentioned
two forms (Text-Figure 4).
These inter-specific variabilities are
as a matter of fact, considered with thediscontinuous phenomena that have arisen from the correlation regarding the differences of these morphological charac-

202

Jiro KoTon
Fossil sp.
Chiba Pref.
0 Setnna, Hokkaido.
(!) Hidaka·gun, Hokkaido.
b. Shimane Pref.
A
Awaji-shima.
0 Nato Peninsula.
•
Saishuto, Korea.

x

+
0
A

V

8
.1.
T
30

Recent sp.
!vlutsu Bay.
Tsugaru Straits.
Northern Prov.. Japan Sea Side.
l\Iiddle Prov., Japan S.:a Side.
Southern Prov., japan Sea Side.
Northern Prov., Pacific Ocean Side.
Middle Prov., Pacific Ocean Side.
Southern Prov., Pacific Ocean Side.
40

32

38

3-t

W/S

C/S

36
38

32
30

28

26

20

18

12

58

10
~

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46
L/S

48

50

52

5,1

56

58

60

,~

Text-Fig. 4. Diagram showing the variation of the Length (L): Width(W): Convexity (C) relation of the valves of the living and fossil
species of T. corea11ica (AI>Al\tS and REEVE).

ters among the given Living and Fossil
species. However, it seems premature
to evaluate or compare the variations
by the given few samples from the otherprovinces and localities, excepting theprovince of Mutsu Bay (Living) and the
locality of Umadate, Chiba Prefecture(Fossil). The specific and ecologicalrelationships among them are wholly indistinct or uncertain. The writer does,
nevertheless, consider to imply the population from the Umadate locality, as
the so-called "Mutation", in the paleontogical sense of W AAGEN (1868), but
not in the biological meaning of DE
VRIES (1901) with the population repre-On the :\lutation of Terebratalia coreanica (Anx:-.Is and REEVE)

sented by the Living species of Mut.;uBay. Although these critical regions
from the infantile stage to the young
stage, are unknown partly because none
have been collected from the Umadate
locality and owing to that such specimens have not been obtained from Mutsu Bay.
It is not proved by the Recent andFcssil populations whether the varieties
are due to geographical variation owing
to distribution or modification as the
ecotype or cline. However, it seems thatmodification by adaptation influenced by
the environmental factors :may be important factors.
In conclusion, the writer wishes tosay that with the publication of available data to him with regard to Terebratalia coreanica, he believes that it may
become probable to interpret the specific populations. and to explain the interspecific fundamental relationships exist.
ing between the living and fossil species.
References
HATAI, K .. (1940). Cenozoic Brachiopoda of203

Japan. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Ut~iv., ser. 2,
vol. 20.
- - . (1938), Tertiary and Recent Brachiopoda
of Northeast Honsyu, japan. Saito Ilo·OII
Kai J.fuseum, Res. Bull., 110. 16, pp. 205207.
1\tASUYAMA. l\1., (1949). Methods of Small
Sample Statistic and Planning of Experiments. Revised Edition. (in Japanease).
Kawade-shobo. Tokyo.
NAKAo. S., (1953), The Population Variety ofLife. pp. 1-13. "The Variety of Life." Iwa·
nami Bookstore, To!{yo.
NoMURA, S. and HATAI. K .. (1935). A 1\ote
on Two Species of Brachiopoda. pt. 1. Ibid ..
no. 6, pp. 235-250.
SIMPSON, G. G., (1953). The Major Feature of
Evolution. Columbia Univ. Press. NewYork.
SUZUKI, K., and lsHizl;KA. K .. (1943). On the
Variation of Nucula11a confusa (HANLEY).
with Description of a New Subspecies. (injapanese). japan. four. Malacology, vol.
13, 110s. 1-4, pp. 38-64, pis. 1-2, Text-figs.
1-18.
DE VRIES, H., (1901). Die Mutationstheorie.
Leipzig, V eit.
WAAGEN, W., (1868), Die Formenreihe desAmmotlites subradiatus. Benecke's geog.pal. Beit., 2: 179-257.

204

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPAN

rs
21*11 tE.!fo/1!*=~ 19551¥- --~ ~J 1956 ~ 1}Js w:~r~ -A:~l:ll!~~ 1ll!f!f~~ {£1/o/J~~~ rcn~'V>-cl*:lllltt. . . tc (~~~391i)o t.l~iJJi'*f:Jt~o:tz:~tmm~~ID.ii!i iJ""CiO~o!tf=¥-b'ilo:::.11Ht .Q

Menyrmthes bed

c1.i{E~'ii:St;f:Jf

1::. ~_)", ·c ........................ tlJjf;if!l! • tlt~J[aOn Fossil-Diatoms found in the Oil-Shalefrom Fukushima-mura. Southern part of
Hokkaidil, japan (fl::l~'l) ............ Kei OsHITE
JK~f::ltl!1.7m ~*im Myrica (Compto11ia) q;> 3 Ni
l:..:tv~H~41'l~~*ml:~Oxll'! ilfi......... JilMJ-!J1· ~*l1f£rb

Acrostichum .......................... .

............................... ~lill.l-!7J • ~m~:t::~~~
l'iJLSW.~.=:~kli~(t;fi........................... ~lmJ-J.lj

On a few Plant fossils from the Izumi Groupat the Izumi Mountain Range (f\::Mi) .
................................... Hidekuni MATSUO
Permian Plants from Maiya, Miyagi Prefecture ....................................... Kazuo AsAMr\
El:<$:.im Gyroporel/o l::.~~'"C ............. ~ft~
Evolution of some Groups of Tetracorals ......
...........................................~ ~~On the Fossil and Recent Stylosterina fromJapan aml the Adjacent 'Vater .............. .
........................................ Motoki EGUCHI
Pleistocene Foraminifera from the Furuya!•ormation. Shizuoka Prefecture .............. .
.............................. Yokichi TAKAYANAGI
Miocene Foraminifera from the Sugota Formation. Akita Prefecture ...... Yoshiki KIKUCHI
Miocene Foraminifera from theOisawa Formation, Yamagata Prefecture ....................... .
..................... Yokich.i TAKAYA!'AGI and
Yasumi SUZUKI
Paleogene Foraminifera from the Karatsu
Coal-field, Saga Prefecture ...................... ..
......... Kiyoshi AsANO and Shigeru MURATA
Paleogene Foraminifera from the Yagami

Coal-field, Nagasaki Prefecture ................ ..
.............. ........................... Kiyoshi AsANo
Paleogene Foraminifera from the Tappu
Area, Obira-mura, Rumoi-gun, Hokkaido........................................ Kiyoahi A'iANo
Paleogene Foraminifera from Okinoshima
and Iojima, Nagasaki Prefecture .............. .
......... Kiyoshi AsA":-;O and S!tigeru ~lt'RATA
Upper Cretaceotls Foraminifera from theAbeshinai Group, Nakagawa-gun, Hokkaido... Kiyoshi AsAJSo and Yokichi TAKAYANr\Gl
The Fusulinids in the limestone conglomerateof the Yagooki Valley, Tamanouchi, Hinodemura, Nishitama-gun, Tokyo-to, Japan ......
....................................... Sumio SAKAGAMI
A New Tertiary G/yc_vmeris from Namie.
Fukushima Prefecture ...... Shozo HAYASAKAOn S1me Fossil Glycymericl Mollll3cs fromJapan (1\;;Jm) ........................ Saburo KANNojl)lj},t,\~Hlf.l: IJ Vicarya C7)jlfi!fj ............... ~Ef:l~~
On the Mollus:an fossiis collected from theso-called Misaka Series in the Eastern Partof the Tanzawa Mountainland (ftit/l).................................... i\Iatsutaro Slllllr\TAOn the Dentition of Trigo11ioides and its
comparison with Allied Pelecypods ........... .
.................................... Teiichi KoBAYASHIAn Interesting New Form of the Aturidae
from the Palaeogene of Northern Japan ...
.................................... Teiichi KoBAYASHI
7 ;,~-1:-7'-( "q;>i!ff~t-l::.:b·A.-i".O-Jt~.......... ..

... ....... ..... . ........ ...... 'J'ilr.~~ • §PJI1.Hl!;liil!Ftlillti!E tJ = {t::E Carcinoplaxantiqua (RisTORl ).
1889 ................................. . . .. .4-;!ltt.Jil:Mtl.tli!.1J!W~ft::E ........... il'li~r~:::: · :~t=.r.IEUB
A Miocene Stego/ofJ!zod011 from the Yatuo

Group in Toyama Prefecture (f~il1C) .........
......... Tokio SHIKAMA and Yoshihiro KIRll[JflI 1m-1m-i1l!-

fill

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CONSTITUTION
of the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPANARTICLE 1. Name
The So::iety shall be kno;vn as the Palaeontological Society of Japan. The Society is a sectionof the Geological Society of Jap:m.
ARTICLE 2. Object
Th~ obje:t of the SJciety shall be to promote th~ study of palaeontology and related sciences.
ARTICLE 3. Achievement
Th~ Society in order to execute Article 2 shall (a) issue the Society journal and ot-her publi·
cations. (b) hold or spon,;or scientific lecture; and meeting,;, and (c) sponsor collecting or
field trip3. and lectures.
ARTICLE 4. Membership
The So::iety sh~ll be compo3~cl of p~nom wlto are active or intere,;ted in palaeontology orr~lated s::ien~i!3. ani sh'lll be known :n re,6ltlar members, hon:>rary members, and patrom.
ARTICLE 5. Th~ members of the Society shall be obliged to pay annual dues to the Society, forwhich they shall enjoy the privilege of receiving the Society's journal and of submiting
pap.:rs which have been rca-J and clisctB>ed at the meetings for publication in the Society's
journal.
ARTICLE 6. Adminbtration
The So::iety shall lnve the following organization<; for its admini3tration.
(a) General meeting. The general meeting shall be composed of the Society members. Morethan one tenth of regular members shall be present to hold general meetings. Administra·
tive affairs shall he decided during the general meeting.
(b) President. The president slntl be cle..:ted from among the regular members. The president
shall repres~nt th'! S::~.:iety and sup~rvise its busine.>s matters.
(c) Council. The council shall be compo3ed of councillors who are elected from among theregular members. The council shall discuss administrative affairs.
(d) Bu3in}H coun:::il. The bmineH coun~illors shall he el:!cted from among the council mem·hers, and shall admini;ter bu~iness affairs.
(e) Officers shall be elected by vote of returned mail ballots, as a general rule.
ARTICLE 7. Amendments to the co:Btitution sl~all be by decision of the general meeting.

By-Laws and Administration
ARTICLE 8. The Society's journ:1l shall be i3sued quarterly.
ARTICLE 9. Regular members shall be person> who have knowledge, experience, or interest inpalaeontology or related sciences.
ARTICLE 10. Patrons shall be selected individuals or organizations who give special support to theobjectives of the Society.
ARTICLE 11. Honorary mem'Jers shall be person:; of distingui:;hed achievement in palaeontology.
The council shall nominate honorary memebers for decision by the general meeting.
ARTICLE 12. Applicants for membership to the Society shall submit their full name, mailing ad·
dress, date of birth. occupation, and name of school from which they graduated.

Dues
ARTICLE 13. Rates for annual du~3 of the Society shall be decided during the general meeting.
Annual dues for regular members are Yen 600.00 (domestic members) and U.S. $3.00 (foreign
members). Patrons are individuals or organizations donating more than Yen 15,000.00 an·
nually. Honorary members arc free from obligations.
ARTICLE 14. Th~ Society incomi! shall be from membership dues and bestowals.
ARTICLE 15. The Society shall have one chairman. fifteen councillors, and several business councillors, whose term of office shall be two ye:us. They may be re·elected.

Addendum
ARTICLE 1. There shall be four business councillors for the present.
ARTICLE 2. Acco:ding to tha By-Law of the Sa:iety, foreign members shall re::eive, beside tho
Journal, spe::ial papers as is~ued. (postage included).