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1For Teachers: When you use Dual method, please have the students do the shadowing. Then have themread by them self. And correct their pronunciation,2

イートックのレッスン以外で使用禁止 Ban to use this without eTOC lesson.

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Part2Lesson9 Pre1 3.2-2018.3chobundokkai スマホの方は横にしてご覧下さい

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FORECASTING THE BIG BLOW

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Unlike many extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and severe snowstorms,
geological phenomena such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are difficult topredict. In recent years, however, a number of tools have been developed to help
scientists make correct judgments of the risk of these events. Modern methods ofanalysis that use real-time satellite data to continuously revise computer models
have greatly improved scientists’ understanding of geological activity.
Additionally, scientists now use satellite data to measure slight changes in thelandscape around volcanoes. Earth’s crust can rise a millimeter at a time as it ispushed up by the pressure of the hot liquid rock, or magma, below.

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Further Questions & Sample Answers

191) What are more difficult to predict than hurricanes and severe weather storms?

For Teachers: Please use the direct method like CALLAN for this part. 1. Ask student to answer thequestion on their own first. 2. Then read the “sample answer”. 3. Tell student to close their eyes. 4. Letthem repeat after you again. Because student can’t see the answer. 5. Have the student try to memorize thestudent aanswer. 6. Once they have memorized the answer, ask the question one last time.

201)Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are more difficult to predict thanhurricanes and storms.

212)How much does the earth’s crust rise as it is pushed up by the pressure of hot
liquid, or magma, below?

222324252627282)The Earth’s crust can rise a millimeter at a time as it is pushed up by thepressure of the rock.

Though this cannot be perceived by visual observation on the ground, satellite
cameras far above can determine whether a volcano’s surface is rising-anindicator of a possible eruption. Scientists are particularly concerned about
caldera volcanoes. These are large formations created by ancient volcanoes thatcollapsed inward after erupting. Calderas sit above pools of magma that canerupt with little warning. Because the rich soil around such volcanoes tends toattract dense human settlement, eruptions can be especially deadly. Calderas
are not cone-shaped like typical volcanoes, so the possibility of an eruption
often simply does not occur to people.
Further Questions & Sample Answers3) What can determine whether a volcano’s surface is rising?

293) Satellite cameras far above the ground can determine whether a volcano’ssurface is rising.

304) How are caldera volcanoes created?

314) Caldera volcanoes are created when ancient volcanoes collapse inward aftererupting.

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Moreover, their fairly flat shape poses an additional risk: unlike with coneshaped volcanoes, which generally erupt from the top of the cone, there is no way
to tell from where on the surface of a caldera volcano the magma will escape, and33

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it may even come out of multiple spots. Campi Flegrei, west of the Italian city ofNaples, is a caldera volcano that scientists are examining closely, as more than
700,000 people live within its “danger zone.” In recent years, patterns of land rise
there have been similar to those that occurred before caldera eruptions in otherparts of the world, indicating that the crust may be near the breaking point.
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Further Questions & Sample Answers5) Why does the fairly flat shape of a caldera pose an additional risk?
5) Because there is now ay to tell from where on the surface of a caldera volcano

the magma will escape.
38396) Why do scientists believe that Camp Flegrei may be near the breaking point?
6)Because patterns of land rise there have been similar to those that occurred inother caldera eruptions.
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The Italian government has raised alert levels but has hesitated to take furthersteps such as evacuating residents. Experts cannot say with certainty whether
Campi Flegrei will erupt soon, or likewise give any timeline for a futureeruption. Residents of the area, having experienced numerous false alarms, do
not want to evacuate when an eruption is far from certain. Furthermore,
property values have fallen when past warnings were issued, allowing real estate
investors to buy land at bargain rates. This has made some residents suspiciousof the motive behind emergency warnings.
Further Questions & Sample Answers
7) Why has the Italian government hesitated to take further steps such asevacuating residents?

467)Experts can’t say exactly when Camp Flegrei will erupt and also they can’t
give a timeline for an eruption.

478) What happens to the value of properties when warnings were issued?

488) When warnings were issued, real estate investors buy land at bargain prices.

49*Choose the correct answer from these choices.

50(29)

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(30)

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(31)

1. In other words
2. Despite this
3. For example
4. Otherwise
1. are making more money at summer jobs
2. have started working at a younger age
3. are more concerned about education
4. make a serious error
1. worsening academic performance
2. growth in the economy
3. a decrease in employment opportunities
4. shifts in moral values

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Answers: (29)2 (30)3(31)3