㹁㹋㹀ἲ࡟ࡼࡿ㹎㹋2.5 Ⓨ⏕※ᐤ୚๭ྜࡢ᥎ᐃ
୕ዲ⊛㞝* ⛅ᒣ⸅ ୖ㔝ᗈ⾜ ᶓ⏣ஂྖ▼஭ᗣ୍㑻 ෆ⏣ᝆኴ ᵽཱྀᖾᘯ ఀ⸨㞝୍**㸦*⌧࣭ᅜ❧⎔ቃ◊✲ᡤ **ᮾி㒔⎔ቃᒁ㸧せ  ᪨
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2008 ᖺᗘ࡟⾜ࡗࡓ㒔ෆ17 ᆅⅬ࡟࠾ࡅࡿPM2.5 ኱Ẽ⎔ቃㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ
CMB ἲ࡟ࡼࡾⓎ⏕※ᐤ୚๭ྜࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓࠋ
ᮾி㒔࡟࠾ࡅࡿ PM2.5 Ⓨ⏕※ࡢ≉ᛶࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊྛⓎ⏕※࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⎔ቃ┬ࡢㄪᰝ࡞࡝࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⓎ⏕※ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ㸦ᅵተ࣭㐨㊰⢊ࡌࢇࠊᾏሷ⢏Ꮚࠊ㕲㗰ࠊ㔜Ἔ⇞↝ࠊᗫᲠ≀↝༷ࠊ⮬ື㌴᤼ฟ࢞ࢫࠊࣈ࣮ࣞ࢟⢊ࡌࢇࡢ㸵Ⓨ⏕※ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ㸧࡟᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮㸦㔝↝ࡁ㸧ࢆ㏣ຍࡋࠊ㸶Ⓨ⏕※࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆ
ᚓࡓࠋⓎ⏕※ᐤ୚࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ୍⯡⎔ቃ࡜㐨㊰ἢ㐨࡟ศ㢮ࡋィ⟬ࢆࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ⮬ື㌴᤼ฟ࢞ࢫࡣ୍⯡⎔ቃ࡛ 11.6㸣ࠊ㐨㊰ἢ㐨
࡛ 18.8㸣ࠊࣈ࣮ࣞ࢟⢊ࡌࢇࡣ୍⯡⎔ቃ࡛ 1.7㸣ࠊ㐨㊰ἢ㐨࡛ 2.4㸣࡜ࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㐨㊰ἢ㐨࡛ PM2.5 ㉁㔞⃰ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᐤ୚๭ྜࡀ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࠋḟ࡟ࠊ୍⯡⎔ቃࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ༊㒊࡜ከᦶ㒊࡟ศ㢮ࡋィ⟬ࢆࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ㔜Ἔ⇞↝ࡣ༊㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚ᐤ୚๭ྜࡀ኱
ࡁࡃ㸦༊㒊 6.0㸣ࠊከᦶ㒊 2.9㸣㸧ࠊ᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮ࡣከᦶ㒊࡛኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦༊㒊 0.7㸣ࠊከᦶ㒊 2.5㸣㸧ࠋ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸ᚤᑠ⢏Ꮚ≧≀㉁㸦PM2.5㸧
ࠊCMB ἲࠊⓎ⏕※ᐤ୚๭ྜࠊⓎ⏕※ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ

Estimation of the source contribution of PM2.5 by CMBMIYOSHI Takao*, AKIYAMA Kaoru, UENO Hiroyuki, YOKOTA Hisashi
ISHII Koichiro, UCHIDA Yuta, HIGUCHI Yukihiro , ITO Yuichi**㸦*National Institute for Environmental Studies **Bureau of Environment, Tokyo Metropolitan Government㸧

Summary
The source contribution was estimated by CMB, using the results of research on ambient PM2.5 at 17 sites in Tokyo in fiscal 2008. Eachsource was investigated in order to compose the source profile which reflected characteristics of PM2.5 sources in Tokyo. As a result, biomassburning was added to the source profile in the research of the Ministry of the Environment (7 sources of road dust, sea salt, iron and steelindustries, fuel oil combustion, refuse incineration, motor vehicle exhaust, and brake abrasion dust were included) and 8 sources were used forcalculation of the source contribution of PM2.5. The data were classified into those at general air pollution monitoring stations and roadside air
pollution monitoring stations. The calculation by CMB showed that the contributions of motor vehicle exhaust and brake abrasion dust werelarger at roadside air pollution monitoring stations. Then the data at general air pollution monitoring stations were classified into those in 23Wards Area and Tama District. The calculation showed that the contribution of fuel oil combustion was larger in 23 Wards Area and that ofbiomass burning was larger in Tama District.

Key Words㸸PM2.5, CMB, source contribution, source profile ್ᮍ‶࡜࡞ࡗࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᩘ࡟ࡼࡾ᳨ウࡋࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢘࡜࢝㸯 ࡣࡌࡵ࡟኱Ẽ୰ࡢᚤᑠ⢏Ꮚ≧≀㉁㸦PM2.5㸧ࡣேࡢ೺ᗣ࡟ཬࡰࡍࣝࢩ࣒࢘ࡣ࢖࢜ࣥᡂศࢆࠊࢼࢺ࣒ࣜ࢘ࡣ㔠ᒓᡂศࢆ౑⏝ᙳ㡪ࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ⎔ቃ┬ࡣ2009ᖺ㸷᭶ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓࠋ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲ࠊ࢔ࣥࣔࢽ࣒࢘࢖࢜ࣥࠊ◪㓟3

࡟PM2.5ࡢ⎔ቃᇶ‽㸦㸯ᖺᖹᆒ್ࡀ15μg/m ௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ3࢖࢜ࣥࠊ◲㓟࢖࢜ࣥࠊሷ໬≀࢖࢜ࣥࡣ஧ḟ⏕ᡂ࡟⏤᮶ࡍ࠿ࡘ㸯᪥ᖹᆒ್ࡀ35μg/m ௨ୗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸧ࢆ࿌♧ࡋࡓࠋࡿࡓࡵ㸦୍ḟ⢏Ꮚ࡟ࡶྵࡲࢀࡿ㸧ࠊィ⟬ࡢ㝿ࠊࣇ࢕ࢵࢸᮾி㒔࡛ࡣ2001ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ㒔ෆ㸲ᆅⅬ㸦୍⯡ᒁࡀ㊊❧༊⥤࢕ࣥࢢࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊࣚ࢘⣲ࡣ౑⏝ࡋࡓⓎ℩࡜⏫⏣ᕷ୰⏫ࡢ㸰ᒁࠊ⮬᤼ᒁࡀ᪥ග⾤㐨ᱵᓥ࡜⏥ᕞ⾤⏕※ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ௨ୖࡢ᳨ウࡢ㐨ᅜ❧ࡢ㸰ᒁ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊPM2.5ࡢ኱Ẽ୰⃰ᗘࡢᐃࢆ⾜⤖ᯝࠊඖ⣲≧Ⅳ⣲ࠊ࣒࢝ࣜ࢘㸦࢖࢜ࣥ㸧ࠊ࢝ࣝࢩ࣒࢘㸦࢖ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ1)ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊ඲యࡢഴྥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᖺᖹᆒ

࢜ࣥ㸧ࠊࢼࢺ࣒ࣜ࢘㸦㔠ᒓ㸧ࠊ࢔࣑ࣝࢽ࣒࢘ࠊࣂࢼࢪ࣒࢘ࠊ

⃰ᗘࡣᚎࠎ࡟ῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊ2009ᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ

࣐ࣥ࢞ࣥࠊࢫ࢝ࣥࢪ࣒࢘ࠊࢡ࣒ࣟࠊ㕲ࠊள㖄ࠊࣄ⣲ࠊࢭ3ࣞࣥࠊ⮯⣲ࠊ࢔ࣥࢳࣔࣥࠊࣛࣥࢱࣥࡢ16ᡂศ࡟ࡼࡾィ⟬⮬᤼ᒁ࡛ࡣ15μg/m ࢆ㉸㐣ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᮾி㒔ࡣ኱Ẽ୰ࡢPM2.5ࡢᐇែࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ
2008ᖺᗘ࡟㒔ෆ17ᆅⅬ࡟࠾࠸࡚኱Ẽ⎔ቃㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ2)

ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋḟ࡟ࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ3)ࠋ࢖࢜ࣥࣂࣛࣥࢫ

ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊPM2.5ࡢ๐ῶᑐ⟇ࢆཬࡧ࣐ࢫࢡ࣮ࣟࢪ࣮ࣕࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿࢳ࢙ࢵࢡࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊࣞࢭࣉࢱ࣮ࣔࢹࣝ㸦PMF㸦Positive Matrix⤖ᯝࠊ࿘㎶ᕤ஦ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ⏥ᕞ⾤

Factorization㸧ἲཬࡧCMB㸦Chemical Mass Balance㸧ἲ㸧㐨ᅜ❧ࡢ⛅Ꮨᚋ༙ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆィ⟬ࡢᑐ㇟࠿ࡽ㝖࠸ࡓࠋ3)

࡟ࡼࡿⓎ⏕※ᐤ୚๭ྜࡢ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ ࠋ௒ᅇࡣCMBἲ㸦㸰㸧Ⓨ⏕※ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ
ᮾி㒔࡟࠾ࡅࡿPM2.5 Ⓨ⏕※ࡢ≉ᛶࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓࣉࣟ࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊྛⓎ⏕※࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ⎔ቃ┬ࡢㄪᰝ7) ࡞࡝࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⓎ⏕※ࣉࣟࣇ㸰 㹁㹋㹀ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚CMBἲ࡜ࡣࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢⓎ⏕※ࢆ௬ᐃࡋࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࢓࢖ࣝ㸦ࡇࢀࢆ᪤Ꮡࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡜࿧ࡪࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿ㸧࡟Ⓨ⏕※ࡢᡂศ⤌ᡂ㸦Ⓨ⏕※ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊⓎྵࡲࢀࡿ㸵Ⓨ⏕※㸦ᅵተ࣭㐨㊰⢊ࡌࢇࠊᾏሷ⢏Ꮚࠊ㕲㗰ࠊ⏕※ᐤ୚๭ྜࡢ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠺᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮾி㒔࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㔜Ἔ⇞↝ࠊᗫᲠ≀↝༷ࠊ⮬ື㌴᤼ฟ࢞ࢫࠊࣈ࣮ࣞ࢟⢊ࡌ4 - 6)ࠋゎᯒࢆࢇ㸧ࢆᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᮾி㒔ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓ2008⾜࠺㝿ࠊ௬ᐃࡋࡓⓎ⏕※ཬࡧⓎ⏕※ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡀ㐺ษ㹼2009ᖺᗘࡢⓎ⏕※ㄪᰝ8) ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛᪤Ꮡࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ࠿ࠊ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊCMBἲࢆ᭦᪂ྍ⬟࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋᅵተ࣭㐨㊰⢊ࡌࢇࡣࠊ࡟ࡼࡿゎᯒࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡣ୍ḟ⢏Ꮚࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋㄪᰝᆅⅬ࡟ࡼࡿࡤࡽࡘࡁࡀᑠࡉࡃࠊᮾி㒔ࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿ⤖ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶCMBἲ࡟ࡼࡿゎᯒࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᯝࡀࠊࡲࡓࠊᗫᲠ≀↝༷ࡣࠊ᭱㏆ࡢᗫᲠ≀↝༷⅔࠿ࡽࡢ㸱 㹁㹋㹀ἲ࡟ࡼࡿィ⟬᤼ฟࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽ㸦㸯㸧኱Ẽ⎔ቃࢹ࣮ࢱࢀࡓࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡽ஧ࡘࢆ᭦᪂ࡢೃ⿵࡜ࡋࡓࠋ᪂ࡓ࡞Ⓨ⏕2)

ᮾி㒔ࡀ2008ᖺᗘ࡟⾜ࡗࡓ኱Ẽ⎔ቃㄪᰝ ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⏝※࡜ࡋ࡚ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮㸦㔝↝ࡁ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠸࡚ィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢㄪᰝࡣ㒔ෆ17ᆅⅬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᅄࡣࠊࣞ࣎ࢢࣝࢥࢧࣥࡸⅣ⣲ྠ఩యㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽⓎ⏕※Ꮨ㸰㐌㛫ࡎࡘ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐤ୚ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡛ࠊ㏣ຍࢆⅣ⣲ᡂศࠊ࢖࢜ࣥᡂศࠊᨺᑕ໬ศᯒࡢ▷ᑑ࿨㔠ᒓᡂศ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ㒔ࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ✄ࢃࡽ࡜㞧ⲡ࣭๧ᐃᯞ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸯᪥ࡈ࡜ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ୰㛗ᑑࡢ஧ࡘࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆసᡂࡋࡓࡀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡔࡅ࿨ࡢ㔠ᒓᡂศࡣ㸯㐌㛫ࡢᖹᆒ್ࡋ࠿ᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࡛ࡣ᳨ฟࡉࢀࡓඖ⣲ᩘࡀᑡ࡞ࡃࠊࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚୙ࡇ࡛ࠊⅣ⣲ᡂศࠊ࢖࢜ࣥᡂศࠊ▷ᑑ࿨㔠ᒓᡂศࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ

༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊEPAࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࡣ㸯㐌㛫ศࢆᖹᆒࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ᳨ฟୗ㝈್ᮍ‶

SPECIATE 4.2 9) ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓᑠ㯏ࠊ✄ࢃࡽࡢ㸷ࣉࣟࣇ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ㸰๭௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᡂศࡣィ⟬࡟౑⏝ࡋ

࢓࢖ࣝࢆ㏣ຍࡋ࡚ࠊྜィ11ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡋࠊྛᡂศ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࢖࢜ࣥᡂศཬࡧ㔠ᒓᡂศ࡜ࡋ࡚୰ኸ್ࢆ᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮ࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ

ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᡂศ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ࡝ࡕࡽࢆゎᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿ࠿ࠊ᳨ฟୗ㝈ィ⟬࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡣ௨ୗࡢ㸳ࣃࢱ࣮࡛ࣥ 
ྛࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࠊ඲ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᖹᆒ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊCMB ἲ࡟ࡼ࠶ࡿࠋ㸮 ᪤Ꮡࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ౑⏝ࡿⓎ⏕※ᐤ୚๭ྜࡢィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࡀᅗ㸯࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸯 ᪤Ꮡࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡟᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮ࢆ㏣ຍ

v-OC ࡜ࡣࠊ୺࡜ࡋ࡚஧ḟ᭷ᶵ⢏Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸰 ᪤Ꮡࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡟᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮ࢆ㏣ຍࡋࠊᅵ኱Ẽ⎔ቃㄪᰝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ᶵⅣ⣲⃰ᗘ࠿ࡽ୍ḟ⢏Ꮚ࡜ࡋ࡚๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡽࢀࡓ⃰ᗘࢆᕪࡋᘬ࠸࡚ 1.4 ಸ㸦᭷ᶵⅣ⣲࠿ተ࣭㐨㊰⢊ࡌࢇࢆ᭦᪂㸱 ᪤Ꮡࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡟᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮ࢆ㏣ຍࡋࠊᗫᲠ
≀↝༷ࢆ᭦᪂ࡽ᭷ᶵ≀࡬ࡢኚ᥮ಀᩘ10)㸧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢔ࣥࣔࢽ࣒࢘࢖࢜ࣥࠊ◪㓟࢖࢜ࣥࠊ◲㓟࢖࢜ࣥࠊሷ໬≀࢖࢜ࣥࡣ኱㸲 ᪤Ꮡࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡟᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮ࢆ㏣ຍࡋࠊᅵẼ⎔ቃㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ౑⏝ࡋࡓࢯࣇࢺࡣ EPA CMB 8.2 ࡛࠶ࡿ 11)ࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ௨ୗࡢተ࣭㐨㊰⢊ࡌࢇ࡜ᗫᲠ≀↝༷ࢆ᭦᪂ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸮㸦᪤Ꮡࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ㸧㻭㼘㼘ᅵተ䞉㐨㊰⢊䛨䜣㻞䠂䛭䛾௚䠄Ỉศ➼䠅㻢䠂ሷ໬≀䜲䜸䞁㻝䠂ᾏሷ⢏Ꮚ㕲㗰㻝䠂㻞䠂㔜Ἔ⇞↝㻡䠂ᗫᲠ≀↝༷㻠䠂◲㓟䜲䜸䞁㻞㻞䠂⮬ື㌴᤼ฟ䜺䝇㻝㻡䠂᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮㻜䝤䝺䞊䜻⢊䛨䜣㻞䠂◪㓟䜲䜸䞁㻝㻝䠂䜰䞁䝰䝙䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁㻝㻜䠂㼢㻙㻻㻯㻞㻜䠂ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸯㸦᳜≀㉁㏣ຍ㸧               ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸰㸦᳜≀㉁㏣ຍࠊᅵተ᭦᪂㸧㻭㼘㼘㻭㼘㼘ᅵተ䞉㐨㊰⢊䛨䜣㻞䠂䛭䛾௚䠄Ỉศ➼䠅㻢䠂ሷ໬≀䜲䜸䞁㻝䠂◲㓟䜲䜸䞁㻞㻞䠂᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮㻞䠂◪㓟䜲䜸䞁㻝㻝䠂䛭䛾௚䠄Ỉศ➼䠅㻢䠂ሷ໬≀䜲䜸䞁㻝䠂⮬ື㌴᤼ฟ䜺䝇㻝㻡䠂䝤䝺䞊䜻⢊䛨䜣㻞䠂ᾏሷ⢏Ꮚ㕲㗰㻝䠂㻞䠂㔜Ἔ⇞↝㻡䠂ᗫᲠ≀↝༷㻟䠂ᅵተ䞉㐨㊰⢊䛨䜣㻝䠂ᾏሷ⢏Ꮚ㻝䠂㕲㗰㻞䠂㔜Ἔ⇞↝㻡䠂ᗫᲠ≀↝༷㻟䠂㼢㻙㻻㻯㻝㻥䠂◲㓟䜲䜸䞁㻞㻞䠂⮬ື㌴᤼ฟ䜺䝇㻝㻠䠂䝤䝺䞊䜻⢊䛨䜣㻟䠂᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮㻠䠂◪㓟䜲䜸䞁㻝㻝䠂䜰䞁䝰䝙䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁㻝㻜䠂䜰䞁䝰䝙䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁㻝㻜䠂㼢㻙㻻㻯㻝㻤䠂ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸱㸦᳜≀㉁㏣ຍࠊᗫᲠ≀᭦᪂㸧         ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸲㸦᳜≀㉁㏣ຍࠊᅵተ࡜ᗫᲠ≀᭦᪂㸧㻭㼘㼘㻭㼘㼘ᅵተ䞉㐨㊰⢊䛨䜣㻞䠂䛭䛾௚䠄Ỉศ➼䠅㻠䠂ᾏሷ⢏Ꮚ㻞䠂㕲㗰㻞䠂ሷ໬≀䜲䜸䞁㻝䠂◲㓟䜲䜸䞁㻞㻞䠂ᅵተ䞉㐨㊰⢊䛨䜣㻝䠂䛭䛾௚䠄Ỉศ➼䠅㻠䠂㔜Ἔ⇞↝㻠䠂ᗫᲠ≀↝༷㻜䠂⮬ື㌴᤼ฟ䜺䝇㻝㻟䠂ᾏሷ⢏Ꮚ㻞䠂 㕲㗰㻞䠂ሷ໬≀䜲䜸䞁㻝䠂◲㓟䜲䜸䞁㻞㻞䠂⮬ື㌴᤼ฟ䜺䝇㻝㻟䠂䝤䝺䞊䜻⢊䛨䜣㻠䠂䝤䝺䞊䜻⢊䛨䜣㻟䠂䜰䞁䝰䝙䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁㻝㻜䠂◪㓟䜲䜸䞁㻝㻝䠂᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮㻝㻞䠂◪㓟䜲䜸䞁㻝㻝䠂䜰䞁䝰䝙䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁㻝㻜䠂㼢㻙㻻㻯㻝㻟䠂ᅗ㸯Ⓨ⏕※ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡢྛࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿィ⟬⤖ᯝ㔜Ἔ⇞↝㻡䠂ᗫᲠ≀↝༷㻜䠂᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮㻝㻟䠂㼢㻙㻻㻯㻝㻟䠂 ࡅᐇࡼ࠺࡞≉ᚩࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ• ᗫᲠ≀↝༷ࢆ᭦᪂ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࠊ್᳜ࢆㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ㸮࠿ࡽ㸯ࡢ್ࢆ࡜ࡾࠊ㸯࡟㏆࠸࡯࡝ࡼ࠸㸧ࡀࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸯ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࠊ᭱ࡶࡼࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

≀㉁⇞↝㢮ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ

ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸯㸸0.77887

• ᅵተ࣭㐨㊰⢊ࡌࢇࢆ᭦᪂ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊྛⓎ⏕※ࡢᐤ୚๭ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸰㸸0.76685

ྜ࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸯࠿ࡽ㸲ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ࡝ࢀࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿ࠿᳨ウࡋࡓࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸱㸸0.75637

⤖ᯝࠊࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸯ࡀ㐺ᙜ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸲㸸0.74722

ࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋཧ⪃ ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸮㸸0.77803

• Ỵᐃಀᩘ㸦ࣔࢹࣝࡢᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡾࠊィ⟬⤖ᯝࡀ࡝ࢀࡔ

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࠾࠸࡚ࠊඖ⣲≧Ⅳ⣲ࡢ⃰ᗘࡀప࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ୍⯡⎔ቃ࡟⾲㸯ࡣࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ㸯࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ㸶Ⓨ⏕※ࡢࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖࡛ࣝ

ศ㢮ࡋࡓ㸧ࠊྛⓎ⏕※ࡢᐤ୚࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀᏘ⠇ኚ࠶ࡿࠋືࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ㸦ᅗ㸰㸧ࠋ⮬ື㌴᤼ฟ࢞ࢫࡣ୍⯡⎔ቃ࡟ẚ࡭࡚㐨㊰ἢ㐨ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㸦ᐤ୚๭ྜࡣ୍⯡⎔ቃ࡛11.6㸣ࠊ㐨㸲 ィ⟬⤖ᯝ㊰ἢ㐨࡛18.8㸣࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸧ࠊᏘ⠇ኚື࡛ࡣ⛅Ꮨࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ㸦㸯㸧୍⯡⎔ቃ࡜㐨㊰ἢ㐨ࣈ࣮ࣞ࢟⢊ࡌࢇࡶ⮬ື㌴᤼ฟ࢞ࢫ࡜ྠᵝࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸦୍⯡⎔ቃ1.7㸣ࠊ㐨㊰ἢ㐨2.4㸣㸧ࠋࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ୍⯡⎔ቃ࡜㐨㊰ἢ㐨࡟ศ㢮ࡋ㸦⮬᤼ᒁ࡛࠶ࡿ㉁㔞⃰ᗘ㻟㻜㻝㻜㻡䚸㐨㊰෤䚸㐨㊰⛅䚸㐨㊰ኟ䚸㐨㊰䚸୍⯡᫓᫓෤⛅䚸୍⯡㻭㼘㼘䚸୍⯡㻜ኟ䚸୍⯡㻝㻡㐨㊰㻞㻜୍⯡㉁㔞⃰ᗘ䠄䃛㼓㻛㼙㻟䠅䛭䛾௚䠄Ỉศ➼䠅ሷ໬≀䜲䜸䞁◲㓟䜲䜸䞁◪㓟䜲䜸䞁䜰䞁䝰䝙䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁㼢㻙㻻㻯᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮䝤䝺䞊䜻⢊䛨䜣⮬ື㌴᤼ฟ䜺䝇ᗫᲠ≀↝༷㔜Ἔ⇞↝㕲㗰ᾏሷ⢏Ꮚᅵተ䞉㐨㊰⢊䛨䜣㻞㻡ᐤ୚๭ྜ㻝㻜㻜㻥㻜㊰෤䚸㐨㊰⛅䚸㐨㊰ኟ䚸㐨㊰᫓䚸㐨⯡෤䚸୍㻜⯡⛅䚸୍㻝㻜⯡ኟ䚸୍㻞㻜⯡᫓䚸୍㻟㻜㐨㊰㻠㻜⯡㻡㻜୍㻢㻜㻭㼘㼘㻣㻜ᐤ୚๭ྜ䠄䠂䠅䛭䛾௚䠄Ỉศ➼䠅ሷ໬≀䜲䜸䞁◲㓟䜲䜸䞁◪㓟䜲䜸䞁䜰䞁䝰䝙䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁㼢㻙㻻㻯᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮䝤䝺䞊䜻⢊䛨䜣⮬ື㌴᤼ฟ䜺䝇ᗫᲠ≀↝༷㔜Ἔ⇞↝㕲㗰ᾏሷ⢏Ꮚᅵተ䞉㐨㊰⢊䛨䜣㻤㻜ᅗ㸰CMB ἲ࡟ࡼࡿィ⟬⤖ᯝ㸯㸦୍⯡⎔ቃ࡜㐨㊰ἢ㐨ࢆศ㢮㸧 㢼ࡀ྿ࡃኟᏘࡀ኱ࡁ࠸㸧ࠋᅵተ࣭㐨㊰⢊ࡌࢇࡣ༊㒊࡜ከ㸦㸰㸧༊㒊࡜ከᦶ㒊୍⯡⎔ቃࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ༊㒊࡜ከᦶ㒊࡟ศ㢮ࡋࠊྛⓎ⏕※ᦶ㒊࡛࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸦༊㒊2.4㸣ࠊከᦶ㒊2.5㸣㸧ࠊࡢᐤ୚࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀᏘ⠇ኚືࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ㸦ᅗ㸱㸧ࠋ㔜኱㝣࠿ࡽࡢẼሢࡀὶࢀ࡚ࡃࡿ᫓Ꮨ࡜෤Ꮨࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ᳜≀Ἔ⇞↝ࡀ༊㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚኱ࡁ࠸࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸦༊㉁⇞↝㢮ࡣከᦶ㒊ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㸦༊㒊0.7㸣ࠊከᦶ㒊2.5㸣㸧ࠊ㒊6.0㸣ࠊከᦶ㒊2.9㸣㸧ࠋᣦᶆඖ⣲࡛࠶ࡿࣂࢼࢪ࣒࢘ࡀ⯪㔝↝ࡁࡀ༊㒊ࡼࡾࡶከᦶ㒊࡛ከࡃ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡜⯧࠿ࡽᨺฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᮾி‴࡟㏆࠸༊㒊⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮ࡢᏘ⠇ኚື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ༡ᐤࡾࡢ㢼ࡀ྿ࡃࡣࠊ᫓Ꮨ࡜⛅Ꮨ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᐤ୚ࡀࡲࡗࡓࡃ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝኟᏘ࡟ࡶ㔜Ἔ⇞↝ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦ᾏሷ⢏Ꮚࡶ༡ᐤࡾࡢ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣᐇ㝿ࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ㉁㔞⃰ᗘ㻞㻡㉁㔞⃰ᗘ䠄䃛㼓㻛㼙㻟 䠅䛭䛾௚䠄Ỉศ➼䠅ሷ໬≀䜲䜸䞁◲㓟䜲䜸䞁◪㓟䜲䜸䞁䜰䞁䝰䝙䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁㼢㻙㻻㻯᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮䝤䝺䞊䜻⢊䛨䜣⮬ື㌴᤼ฟ䜺䝇ᗫᲠ≀↝༷㔜Ἔ⇞↝㕲㗰ᾏሷ⢏Ꮚᅵተ䞉㐨㊰⢊䛨䜣㻞㻜㻝㻡㻝㻜㻡᫓䚸ከᦶኟ䚸ከᦶ⛅䚸ከᦶ෤䚸ከᦶ෤䚸༊⛅䚸༊ኟ䚸༊ᦶ᫓䚸༊ከ⯡୍༊㻜ᐤ୚๭ྜ㻝㻜㻜㻥㻜㻜᫓䚸ከᦶኟ䚸ከᦶ⛅䚸ከᦶ෤䚸ከᦶ㻝㻜෤䚸༊⛅䚸༊㻞㻜ኟ䚸༊᫓䚸༊㻟㻜⯡ᦶ㻠㻜୍㻡㻜ከ㻢㻜༊㻣㻜ᐤ୚๭ྜ䠄䠂䠅䛭䛾௚䠄Ỉศ➼䠅ሷ໬≀䜲䜸䞁◲㓟䜲䜸䞁◪㓟䜲䜸䞁䜰䞁䝰䝙䜴䝮䜲䜸䞁㼢㻙㻻㻯᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮䝤䝺䞊䜻⢊䛨䜣⮬ື㌴᤼ฟ䜺䝇ᗫᲠ≀↝༷㔜Ἔ⇞↝㕲㗰ᾏሷ⢏Ꮚᅵተ䞉㐨㊰⢊䛨䜣㻤㻜ᅗ㸱CMB ἲ࡟ࡼࡿィ⟬⤖ᯝ㸰㸦༊㒊࡜ከᦶ㒊ࢆศ㢮㸧 ࡇࡢⅬࡣ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

35, pp.602–610㸦2001㸧

11㸧http://www.epa.gov/ttn/scram/receptor_cmb.htm

㸳 ࡲ࡜ࡵ

2008 ᖺᗘ࡟⾜ࡗࡓ㒔ෆ 17 ᆅⅬ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ PM2.5 ኱Ẽ⎔ቃㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊCMB ἲ࡟ࡼࡾⓎ⏕※ᐤ୚๭ྜࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓࠋⓎ⏕※ࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝࡢᩚ⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ⎔ቃ┬ࡢㄪᰝ࡞࡝࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣉࣟࣇ࢓࢖ࣝ࡟᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮㸦㔝↝ࡁ㸧ࢆ㏣ຍࡋࠊ㸶Ⓨ⏕※࡟ࡼࡾィ⟬ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㐺ᙜ࡜ุ᩿ࡋࡓࠋࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ୍⯡⎔ቃ࡜㐨㊰ἢ㐨࡟ศ㢮ࡋィ⟬ࢆࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ㐨㊰ἢ㐨࡛ࡣ⮬ື㌴᤼ฟ࢞ࢫࡸࣈ࣮ࣞ࢟⢊ࡌࢇࡢᐤ୚ࡀ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࠋḟ࡟ࠊ୍⯡⎔ቃࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ༊㒊࡜ከᦶ㒊࡟ศ㢮ࡋィ⟬ࢆࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ༊㒊ࡣከᦶ㒊࡟ẚ࡭࡚㔜Ἔ⇞↝ࡢᐤ୚ࡀ኱ࡁࡃࠊከᦶ㒊ࡣ༊㒊࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚᳜≀㉁⇞↝㢮ࡢᐤ୚ࡀ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࠋཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸯㸧ᮾி㒔⎔ቃᒁ㸸ᖹᡂ21ᖺᗘ ኱Ẽởᰁᖖ᫬ᐃ⤖ᯝࡢࡲ࡜ࡵࠊp.31㸦2011㸧㸰㸧୕ዲ⊛㞝ࡽ㸸PM2.5኱Ẽ⎔ቃㄪᰝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᮾி㒔⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤᖺሗ2009ࠊpp.110–113㸦2009㸧㸱㸧୕ዲ⊛㞝ࡽ㸸PMFἲ࡟ࡼࡿPM2.5Ⓨ⏕※ᐤ୚๭ྜࡢ᥎ᐃࠊᮾி㒔⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤᖺሗ2010ࠊpp.144–147㸦2011㸧㸲㸧ⰾఫ㑥㞝ࡽ㸸ᮾி㒔࡟࠾ࡅࡿᾋ㐟⢏Ꮚ≧≀㉁࡬ࡢࣜ
ࢭࣉࢱ࣮ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿⓎ⏕※ᐤ୚ࡢホ౯ࠊᮾி㒔⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤᖺሗ1989ࠊpp.3–10㸦1988㸧
㸳㸧⛅ᒣ⸅ࡽ㸸ᮾி㒔࡟࠾ࡅࡿᾋ㐟⢏Ꮚ≧≀㉁୰ࡢⅣ⣲ᡂศࡢ⢏ᚄศᕸ࡜Ⓨ⏕※ᐤ୚ࡢ᥎ᐃࠊᮾி㒔⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤᖺሗ1991ࠊpp.71–77㸦1990㸧
㸴㸧㙊⁪⿱㍤ࡽ㸸ᾋ㐟⢏Ꮚ≧≀㉁ࡢᆅᇦูࣜࢭࣉࢱ࣮ࣔ
ࢹࣝ㸦CMBἲ㸧࡟ࡼࡿⓎ⏕※ࡢ⎔ቃ࡬ࡢ㈇Ⲵ⋡᥎ᐃࠊᮾி㒔⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤᖺሗ1995ࠊpp.18–26㸦1995㸧
㸵㸧࣒ࣛࢱィ

ჾࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᰴᘧ఍♫㸸ᖹᡂ20ᖺᗘ ⎔ቃ┬ㄳ㈇ᴗົ⤖ᯝሗ࿌᭩ ࠕᖹᡂ20ᖺᗘ ᚤᑠ⢏Ꮚ≧≀㉁➼ᐇㄪᰝ㸦ࢹ࣮ࢱゎᯒ㸦Ⓨ⏕※ᐤ୚⃰ᗘࡢ᥎ィ㸧ሗ࿌᭩㸧ࠖ㸦2009㸧㸶㸧ୖ㔝ᗈ⾜ࡽ㸸PM2.5Ⓨ⏕※ㄪᰝ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᮾி㒔⎔ቃ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤᖺሗ2009ࠊpp.114–115㸦2009㸧㸷㸧http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/software/speciate/index.html
10㸧Turpin, B. J. and Lin, H. J.: Species contribution to PM2.5
mass concentrations: Revisiting common assumptions for
estimating organic mass, Aerosol Science and Technology,