Chapter 2: Stationary Combustion

CHAPTER 2

STATIONARY COMBUSTION

2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

2.1

Volume 2: EnergyAuthors
Amit Garg (India) and Melissa M. Weitz (USA)2.2

2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 2: Stationary Combustion

Contents2

Stationary Combustion ................................................................................................................................. 2.4
2.1

Overview ............................................................................................................................................. 2.4

2.2

Description of sources ......................................................................................................................... 2.4

2.3

Methodological issues ......................................................................................................................... 2.4

2.3.1

Choice of method ............................................................................................................................ 2.4

2.3.2

Choice of emission factors .............................................................................................................. 2.4

2.3.3

Choice of activity data .................................................................................................................... 2.4

2.3.3.1

Tier 1 and tier 2 ...................................................................................................................... 2.4

2.3.3.2

Tier 3 ...................................................................................................................................... 2.4

2.3.3.3

Avoiding double counting activity data with other sectors ..................................................... 2.4

2.3.3.4

Treatment of biomass ............................................................................................................. 2.4

2.3.4

Carbon dioxide capture ................................................................................................................... 2.5

2.3.5

Completeness .................................................................................................................................. 2.5

2.3.6

Developing a consistent time series and recalculation .................................................................... 2.5

2.4

Uncertainty assessment ....................................................................................................................... 2.5

2.5

Inventory Quality Assurance/Quality Control QA/QC ....................................................................... 2.5

2.6Worksheets .......................................................................................................................................... 2.5

2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

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Volume 2: Energy

2 STATIONARY COMBUSTION
Users are expected to go to Mapping Tables in Annex 2, before reading this chapter. This is required tocorrectly understand both the refinements made and how the elements in this chapter relate to the corresponding
chapter in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.

2.1

OVERVIEWNo refinement.

2.2

DESCRIPTION OF SOURCES

No refinement.

2.3

METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES

2.3.1

Choice of method

No refinement.

2.3.2

Choice of emission factorsNo refinement.

2.3.3

Choice of activity data

2.3.3.1

T IER 1 AND TIER 2

No refinement.

2.3.3.2

T IER 3

No refinement.

2.3.3.3

A VOIDI NG DOUBLE COUNTI NG ACTI VITY DATA WI TH OTHER
SECTORSNo refinement.

2.3.3.4

T REATMENT OF BIOMASS

Biomass is a special case:•The overall IPCC approach to greenhouse gas emissions from combustion of biomass or biomass-based
products (e.g., ethanol) at the national level allows for complete coverage of emissions and sinks, andinvolves all IPCC sectors, including in particular, Energy, Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land-Use(AFOLU), and Waste.

•Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the combustion of biomass or biomass-based products are captured
within the CO2 emissions in the AFOLU sector through the estimated changes in carbon stocks frombiomass harvest, even in cases where the emissions physically take place in other sectors (e.g., energy). Thisapproach to estimate and report all CO2 emissions from biomass or biomass-based products in the AFOLU
sector was introduced in the first IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas emissions (IPCC 1995),
reflecting close linkages with data on biomass harvesting, and for the pragmatic reason to avoid double
counting.

2.4

2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Chapter 2: Stationary Combustion•In the Energy sector, CO2, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from combustion of biomass
or biomass-based products for energy are estimated, but the CO2 emissions are recorded as an information
item that is not included in the sectoral total emissions for the Energy sector, as they are already included inAFOLU. The CH4 and N2O emissions from the combustion of biomass for energy are included in thesectoral total emissions in the Energy sector, as emission rates depend on combustion and transformation
conditions and cannot be estimated using AFOLU carbon stock change methodologies. This provides acomplete picture of a country’s energy system and avoids double counting of emissions with those reported
in the AFOLU sector.

•For biomass, only that part of the biomass that is combusted for energy purposes should be estimated forinclusion as an information item in the Energy sector.

•For fuel wood, activity data are available from the International Energy Agency (IEA) or the Food andAgriculture Organization of the United Nations, (FAO). These data originate from national sources andinventory compilers can obtain a better understanding of national circumstances by contacting national
statistical agencies to find the organisations involved.

•For agricultural crop residues (part of other primary solid biomass) and also for fuel wood, estimation
methods for activity data are available in Chapter 5 of the AFOLU volume.

•In some instances, biofuels will be combusted jointly with fossil fuels. In this case, the split between thefossil and non-fossil fraction of the fuel should be established and the emission factors applied to theappropriate fractions.

•Further clarification on the approach for biomass energy emissions can be found in Section 1.1, “Concepts”
in Volume 1, Chapter 1. Further clarification on the reporting of emissions from burning woody biomass forenergy is provided in Section 12.5, Chapter 12 of the AFOLU volume of the 2019 Refinement.

2.3.4

Carbon dioxide capture

No refinement.

2.3.5

CompletenessNo refinement.

2.3.6

Developing a consistent time series and recalculation

No refinement.

2.4

UNCERTAINTY ASSESSMENT

No refinement.

2.5

INVENTORY QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITYCONTROL QA/QC

No refinement.

2.6

WORKSHEETSNo refinement.

2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

2.5