newsletter
newsletter
EUROPEAN FUSION DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTFOREWORD
Issued by the EFDA
Close Support Unit
Garching

In July another step was made towards the ITER fusion reactor. The current in the superconducting Toroidal Field Model Coil, manufactured in the EU in the framework of the R&D activities for the “next step” machine, reached the operational value of 80 kA. This positive result isvery important with regards to ITER operation.
Other good news reached us from the Madeira Conference: Dr. Umberto Finzi explained in
his message why the prospects for undertaking the Next Step in Fusion development have neverContent

The ITER Toroidal
Field Model Coil at
its maxp. 2

ITER Negotiations
towards Joint
Implementation
p. 3



ITER
Communique
p. 4











Speech of
Dr. Finzi to the
EPS Conference
p. 4
JET Facilities
p. 6
First Divertor in
Wendelstein 7-ASp. 7
Gyrotron
Development
p. 8
EFDA atSustain 2001
p. 9

Questions on
Fusionp.10

Conference Guide
p.10

http://www.efda.org

been in the past as good as they are today. And while the ITER Negotiators meet in Canada,
Spain is going to analyse the possibility of offering a site for ITER.
EFDA attendance to the Sustain 2001 exhibition allowed us to discuss energy issues withthe large number of visitors who paid a visit to our stand. The result of such discussions supports
our confidence to consider fusion as one energy option for the future.

LATEST NEWS FROM ITERthEuropean Council of Research Ministers ; October 30 , 2001
The French Minister for Research, Mr. Roger-Gérard Schwartzenberg, invited the European
Union to define the conditions, in particular their financial aspects, which will be proposed to theMember States that are candidates for hosting ITER, before they enter into a defintive engagement.
In that context, Mr. Schwartzenberg asked that the French proposal to build ITER in Cadarache will be taken into account in this process and that a European position will be prepared.

Spain
The Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology has decided to launch a detailed study toanalyze the possibility of offering a site for ITER to the European Union.
CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas) will be
responsible for this study. This process may result in a formal offer from Spain to host ITER.

CanadaDelegations from Canada, the European Union, Japan and the Russian Federation met in Toronto at the beginning of November to begin formal negotiations on the joint implementation of
the ITER project.
More information from the official Press Release on page 4.

EFDA Fusion Newsletter

page 2READY FOR ITER
TOSKA
Toska (Toroidal
Spulenanlage
Karlsruhe) is a large
test facility which uses
LCT (Large Coil Task)
coils for testing superconducting magnets.

The Toroidal Field Model Coilhas reached its maximum operating current
July 25, 2001 was an important day for fusion: the Nb3Sn superconducting ITER Toroidal
Field Model Coil (TFMC) - installed in the TOSKA facility at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe reached the maximum allowed current of 80 kA, and a maximum magnetic field of nearly 8 T (seegraph below).

More Information
http://hikwww4.fzk.de/itp/mkf/mkf_e2.htm

Toroidal Field Model
Coil (TFMC)
The European researchlaboratories working on
fusion have conceptually designed the
TFMC. Ansaldo GECAlstom (now Alstom)
Accel Noell (AGAN), a
consortium of European companies, havecompleted the engineering design of thecoil. They also manufactured the TFMC
under the managementof EFDA/CSU (Close
Support Unit) Garching.

After having achieved an operating current of 57 kA a few days before, the power supply
control system was readjusted. Afterwards the test programme was resumed and 69.3 kA werereached. This value is already above the nominal current of the toroidal field coils, which areplanned for the ITER machine.

th

On the 25 July, when the TFMC wasramped up to the maximum current of 80
kA the situation was clear: the superconductor and the joint resistances behaved
as expected, as well as the temperature
increase in the structures during fast ramp
down and safety discharge.
The NbTi busbars carried 80 kA at a
maximum magnetic field of about 3 T andat a cryogenic temperature of about 5 K.
At that field the joints behaved better than
expected. These results are a preliminary
confirmation that the design of the ITER
Poloidal Field Coils is viable.
The testing of the coil will extend
into next year. The test programme will
explore the operational limits of the coiland validate the design codes. Both areneeded to optimize the ITER cost andoperating parameters space.

The ITER Toroidal Field Model Coil

EFDA Fusion Newsletter

page 3

EDA COMPLETED

ITER at the start of Negotiations towards Joint Implementation
Following the end of the Engineering Design Activities (EDA) in July 2001, all the essential
elements are now available to make a decision to construct ITER. The final design report describes a complete engineering design of ITER, which allows a realistic assessment of its feasibility, performance and cost at a generic site.

Engineering Design
Activities (EDA):
The result is
documented in the
ITER Final Design
Report (July 2001).

In parallel, the ITER Parties have explored the issues of how to establish the contractual arrangements between future international partners in ITER, and in particular the creation of an
ITER Legal Entity (ILE) at a particular site, and the establishment and formal acceptance of allcommitments by host and participating countries during construction, exploitation and decommissioning.
Quadripartite (Canada, European Union, Japan and Russian Federation) meetings on Nego-

For a summary
check the site:
http://www.iter.org

tiations on the Joint Implementations of ITER have begun. The first formal Negotiation Meeting
was on 8-9 November 2001 in Toronto, Canada. These Negotiations include selecting the site,
and agreeing how cost will be shared.
The negotiators are supported on technical aspects by Coordinated Technical Activities(CTA) which maintains the integrity of the project and are preparing for joint construction andoperation.
The timescale for the Negotiations foresees that the government of each Party interested in
hosting ITER will offer a site in 2001, leading to a preferred site before the middle of 2002, andfurther development of design adaptations for the preferred site up to the end of CTA at the endof 2002. The Implementation Agreement should be initiated at the start of 2003. Formal signature(and/or ratification) will take place in 2003.
There is an undisputed need for a burning plasma experiment integrating the appropriate
physics and technology at the center of the fusion development strategy, and ITER fulfills thisrole. The objectives of the EDA have been fully met and the Parties have approved the ITER
design. The fusion programme is scientifically and technically ready to take the important ITER
step.
Sharing costs and pooling expertise have allowed the EDA Parties jointly to undertake tasks
that would have been beyond their individual financial and technical capacity. They have developed a mature and wide-ranging capacity for successful focused international joint work. The

ITER - SITE
1

Pulsed Power
Supply Area

2

Magnet Power
Conversion Buildings

3

NB Injection Power
Supply Complex

4

Tritium, Vacuum,
Fueling & Services
Building

5

Gas Store

6

Cooling waterpumping station

7

Hot Basin & Cooling
Tower

8

Site Services
Building

9

Control Buildung

start of negotiations is a very positive step in their commitment to jointly implementing ITER in a
broad-based international collaborative frame.

10 Vehicle Parking
11 Emergency Power
Supply Building
12 Steady-State Power
Supply Building[ Courtesy of ITER IT ]

EFDA Fusion Newsletter

page 4ITER NEGOTIATIONS
For further
information on the
Canadian site see:www.itercanada.com
www.iterinstitute.com
www.itercommunity.com

Formal Negotiations Begin to Implement the ITER Fusion Project
Delegations from Canada, the European Union, Japan and the Russian Federation met in Toronto this week to begin formal negotiations on the joint implementation of the ITER project. ITER
is the world-leading international collaborative scientific and technological project with the goal oftaking the next major step in the development of fusion energy as a safe, clean and sustainableenergy source for our planet.
The Toronto negotiations were the first in a series that is expected to lead, by the end of
2002, to an agreement on the joint implementation of ITER.
This agreement will govern, under international law, the construction, operation and decommissioning of ITER. Matters covered in the discussions also included the site-selection criteria
and process, the cost sharing and procurement allocation schemes.
This first round of negotiations followed preparation meetings in Vienna in July, and in Moscow in June, where Canada presented its bid to host the ITER project. Other site offers are under consideration by the European Union and Japan. Earlier this week there were a series of
discussions by experts supporting the negotiations, including international workshops on aspectsof the Canadian site offer to host ITER.
The participants in the negotiations took important first steps on a variety of issues, and plan
to hold the second round of negotiations in Japan in January of 2002.
[ Joint communique, Toronto November 8, 2001 ]NEXT STEP IN FUSION DEVELOPMENT”Prospects have never been as good as they are today”“Those of you who listened to my short messages at the IAEA Conference in Sorrento or at
the SOFT Conference in Madrid might remember that I said that the European Fusion Programme was reaching a branch-point.
At the European Physical Society Conferenceon Plasma Physics andControlled Fusion, 18 22 June 2001 in
Madeira, one of the
speakers was Dr. Umberto Finzi. His address concentrates on
the European Fusion
Programme and ITER
and describes the developments which arestill relevant to thecurrent situation.

A branch point between an upper trajectory leading via a Next Step and Demo to the Fusion
reactor and a lower trajectory decaying to a purely academic plasma physics programme without
any energy producing ambition in a foreseeable future.
In fact we must always keep in mind that a European Fusion Programme costing 500 Million
Euro per year is not sustainable if it does not aim at the development of a new energy source.
But events after Sorrento indicate clearly that we are starting to take the upper trajectory.
The first important event which took place after the Sorrento Conference was the approval in
November 2000 by the Council of Ministers of the EU of a mandate to the Commission for thenegotiations with Japan, Russia and other possible partners of the International Legal Entity forthe possible construction of ITER. This will allow us to continue Co-ordinated Technical Activities
on ITER, after the end of the EDA.

EFDA Fusion Newsletter

page 5The second important event was the informal meeting of the Council of Ministersthheld on 19 January of this year. The basis
for the discussion was a four scenario
document in which scenario 1 was essentially an orderly closing down of the Fusion
Programme, scenario 2 was the reduction of
the programme on a purely scientific programme with very relaxed reactor ambitions,
The scope of the conference is to present anddiscuss both theoretical and experimental
results in the field of plasma physics and fusion research.

scenario 3 included the construction of ITER
somewhere in the world in the frame of international co-operation, scenario 4 included
the construction of ITER in Europe, again in

the frame of international co-operation. The
important information is that none of the 15 Ministers (or ministerial representations) was infavor of either scenario 1 or 2: they all opted for scenario 3 or 4 or for a mixture of these two.
The Portuguese minister, Professor Gago, I am pleased to mention it here in Madeira, proposed even a scenario 5: build ITER in Europe, open to international collaboration, but essentially as a European initiative.
th

The third important event was the proposal by the Commission to the Council for the 6
Framework Programme i.e. for the years 2003-2006. This proposal was made at the end of

February and the corresponding specific programme proposal was sent to the Council recently,
at the end of May. A fact of historical importance for the Fusion Programme is that these proposals include, from the programme point of view, the possibility to participate in the construc-

Dr. Umberto Finzi is
the Principal Adviser tothe Director General for
Research in theEuropean Commission,in charge of thermonuclear fusion. In thisrole, he contributes todefine and implement
research policy infusion, in consultation
with the Director
responsible for"Research actions forEnergy".
Umberto Finzi is also
an EU representativeon the ITER Council
and the International
Fusion ResearchCouncil of the International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA.)

tion of ITER, and from the financial point of view, 200 Mio EURO which correspond to a substantial participation in construction expenditure, if the construction of ITER starts, as it is exth
pected, in the second half of the 6 Framework Programme that is in 2005-6.
The overall financial contribution of the Community to fusion activities in Europe is proposed to be of 700 Mio EURO. The spirit of this proposal is to concentrate Community money
on joint activities such as JET and ITER and to hand over to national authorities a large shareof the burden for the financing of national activities. This transition is necessary in order to beable to move on to the Next Step in fusion development and has to be started already at the
beginning of the sixth Framework Programme.
Now many things depend on the ITER negotiations. The situation with ITER is that a quadripartite meeting of the negotiators was held in Moscow on 7 and 8 of June. Before the meeting
there was great suspense because only the Europeans and the Russians had a mandate. The
announcement by the Canadian ambassador that the Canadian Federal Government was officially proposing Clarington as a site for the construction of ITER, was welcome by all as another very important good news.
Other good news are expected now: concerning sites in Europe and Japan and perhaps why not? - about the joining of another large partner to the negotiations.
In conclusion I think that at the world level the prospects for undertaking the Next Step infusion development have never been in the past as good as they are today.
In the meantime the European Programme is thinking how to restructure itself in order toparticipate in the construction of ITER. The creation of EFDA is recent. It has worked success-Any Questions?
The editors will pass on
your e-mails to
Dr. Finzi!

fully as it is shown by the fact that we were able to operate JET with an entirely new formula.
There are bureaucratic aspects, which can be improved, and the whole comitology system has
to be redesigned and simplified. But this will be the subject of Professor Varandas’ speech.”federico.casci@efda.org

EFDA Fusion Newsletter

page 6

THE EUROPEAN SPIRIT AT WORK
Nineteen European
laboratories participating in EFDA and two
US laboratories contribute actively to the
JET enhancement projects.
The EU laboratoriesare:
CEA Cadarache
CIEMAT Madrid
CNR Milano
CRPP Lausanne
DCU Dublin
ENEA Frascati
ERM/KMS Bruxelles
FOM Rhijnhuizen
FZJ JülichFZK Karslruhe
HAS Budapest
IAP Wien
IPP Garching
IST Lisbon
RFX Padova
SCK-CEN Mol
TEKES Finland
UKAEA Culham
VR Sweden

JET Facilities under EFDA
The use of the JET facilities under EFDA since 1 January 2000 has reinforced cooperation
between the European laboratories involved in fusion research.
The experimental programme on JET is organised in campaigns, with scientists coming to the
Culham site (UK) for limited periods. Most of the complementary work, related to the preparationof experiments, data analysis and modelling, is conducted from their home laboratories. The
scientific work is organised in Task Forces under the coordination of Task Force Leaders, all ofwhom belong to and are based in the European laboratories associated to EFDA. JET is now
used in a way which is closer that in other fields of physics research, e.g. particle physics: a limited number of large facilities are used jointly by decentralised scientific teams with on-site
services, such as operation of the facility and various support functions.
This new method of working for the fusion community has been successful during the 20002001 Campaigns, with more than 300 European scientists and several tens of non-Europeans
involved . The 2002 experimental campaigns, due to start in March 2002, have triggered a highdegree of scientific interest in the fusion laboratories, as demonstrated by the participants in
EFDA who submitted 333 scientific proposals including 307 experiments for the 100 experimental
days foreseen!

The US laboratories
are:
PPPL
ORNL

New divertor configuration after the 2001 shutdown
This new spirit is clear in all JET activities under EFDA. In particular, the first enhancement
projects initiated under EFDA in 2000 are now coming to fruition. Seven projects for new or upgraded diagnostics are nearing completion for the start of the 2002 campaigns and five others
should enter into operation during the year. New enhancements are ongoing for improved realtime control of steady state plasmas and extreme plasma shaping, key issues in preparation for
ITER operation. Improved plasma fuelling systems will also be available in September 2002, andat the end of 2002 the upgrade of one of the two JET neutral beam injectors will provide an increased plasma heating capability of 7.5 MW. Other enhancements are ongoing to further improve JET's experimental capabilities on the medium term.

EFDA Fusion Newsletter

page 7

Following similar principles to those applied in the scientific programme, Project Leaders belonging to European laboratories lead decentralised teams for the design and procurement of theenhancements. A strong link is established with the JET Operator, UKAEA, responsible for theoperation, maintenance and safety of the facilities, through nominated operator representatives. A
light overall coordination is provided under EFDA.
Through the success of the first experimental campaigns, the preparation of next year campaigns, the successful achievement of the first enhancement projects and the continuation of
medium term enhancements, the fusion laboratories have demonstrated a strong capabilitiy towork efficiently together sharing efforts and responsibilities and optimising the collective use of
their various competences.

WENDELSTEIN 7 - AS

First Divertor Operation in a Wendelstein Stellarator is Successful
Promising results in Wendelstein 7-AS at the Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik (Association EURATOM-IPP) in Garching: an essential auxiliary component - the divertor - was installed
for the first time in a Wendelstein stellarator. Its function is to protect the plasma from being
contaminated by impurities coming from the walls, and to exhaust – in a power plant - also thehelium which is formed as ash in the fusion reactions.
In Wendelstein 7-AS the use of a divertor resulted in the formation ofa plasma with good

confinement properties, at densities considerable in excess of those usually achieved in magnetic
confinement devices of comparable magnetic field strength and size. This offers very good prospects for the operation of the successor experiment Wendelstein 7-X, presently under construction in Greifswald.
As desired, the thermal insulation of the plasma – measured by the energy confinement time
– was found to improve also with increasing density, while the confinement time for particles andin particular impurities decreased. Therefore impurities did not accumulate in the plasma core andfull density control and quasi-stationary operation were possible.

Tokamak and Stellarator at the Association
EURATOM-IPP
IPP is at present the
only institute in theworld operating the two
major types of device –the tokamak and thestellarator – parallel to
one another. One of the
crucial questions ofequal concern to bothtypes is the plasma
purity attainable. Tokamaks were relievedof this problem in 1982
by the ASDEX device at
IPP: a divertor directed
the boundary layer ofthe plasma to speciallyequipped collector
plates at the top andbottom of the plasma
vessel, where theplasma particles were
neutralized andpumped off together
with impurities. This isalso how the “ash” ofthe fusion process – thehelium – is to be removed in a future
power plant.

The plasma edge of a stellarator splits into individual bulges without further intervention – inkeeping with the symmetry of the magnetic field. These “islands” are lined up like a string of
pearls around the cross-section of the plasma and the direct energy and particles to limited sections of the vessel wall. Protecting these areas with collector plates allows the impinging particles
to be removed from theplasma together with impurities.
The physical details
from the first series of divertor experiments in a
Wendelstein stellarator are
now to be clarified in further
experiments. The information gained is particularly
important for Wendelstein
7-X, the follow-up experiYou would like to havemore Information
on IPP?

ment now being built at theGreifswald Branch of IPP.

http://www.ipp.mpg.de/Lower Divertor Module of Wendelstein 7-AS

EFDA Fusion Newsletter

page 8PLASMA HEATING SYSTEMS
Gyrotron

Gyrotron Performance Reaches new Record Values

Maser oscillator for
generating high power
microwaves in theelectron cyclotron rangeof frequencies(28 - 200 GHz).

the key technologies needed for ITER and for future fusion power plants. Due to the ease of cou-

More Information
on Gyrotrons:

the first tests of the „Maquette” prototype tube, specified for Wendelstein 7-X, the new stellarator

RF power production in the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Frequency (ECRF) range is one ofpling power at these frequencies to the plasma, and the excellent control of the power deposition
profiles, ECRF heating and current drive are also important instruments for physics investigations
in experiments already in operation or construction.
The state of art of suitable RF sources (gyrotrons) has made a significant step forward with

http://crppwww.epfl.ch/c
rpp_gyro.htm

experiment at the Association EURATOM-IPP (Greifswald, Germany). Research institutes like
Association EURATOM-FZK (Karlsruhe), -CRPP (Lausanne), -CEA (Cadarache), IPF Stuttgart
and TED Vélizy developed “Maquette” as a joint collaboration project.
The maquette has a synthetic diamond window and a depressed collector to recover energy
and enhance its efficiency. The tube has been designed and constructed for continuous wave
(CW) operation. The TE28,8 cavity mode is converted by an improved quasi-optical mode converter system to a Gaussian output beam.
In short pulse operation ( a few milliseconds ) an output power of 1.15 MW at a beam voltageof 84 kV, a beam current of 40 A and a depression voltage of 25 kV could be achieved. The output efficiency for this measurement is 49%. The Radio Frequency (RF) beam distribution wasmeasured with an infrared camera and was found to be in very good accordance with theory.

Specifications of“Maquette”
Output powerand efficiency measurements in long pulse

pulse length≥1soperation for different
pulse lengths

frequency
140 GHz

output power

MW

1 MW with aGaussian content ≥ 90%
efficiency
> 45%

%

s

0.47

180

0.64

140

0.86

39

40

1.0

50

10

Maquette Gyrotron
Within two months, the pulse length was increased to 140 s at an RF output power of 0.64
MW. This pulse length means a world record energy content in one pulse (about 90 MJ). The
output power was limited by arcing inside the RF absorber load.
For more Information
about Wendelstein 7-X
http://www.ipp.mpg.de/eng/
pr/forschung/w7x/pr_for_w
7x.html

A visual inspection of the absorber load showed some spots where arcing had occurred.
After replacing the original rotating mirror of the RF absorber load by a conical, non- rotating
one, the power could be increased to 0.86 MW with a pulse length of 40 s and to about 1 MW
for 10 s with an efficiency of about 50%. The pulse length was not limited by the tube itself, but
due to lack of experimental time farther increases to the pulse lengths were not attempted.

EFDA Fusion Newsletter

page 9FUSION AND THE PUBLICEFDA at the SUSTAIN 2001 Exhibition
The 2001 edition of the SUSTAIN exhibition was held in the Europa Hall in Amsterdam fromMay 8 to 10, 2001. This was the third year of the exhibition, which is dedicated to all kinds ofsustainable energies, such as hydropower, biomass, solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, etc.
The EFDA stand, organized with the support of the Association EURATOM-FOM (Netherlands) presented the ITER Model, together with brochures, posters, films and CD-ROMS, featuring ITER and JET in particular as well as Fusion in general. “The Starmakers” - a film explaining
the operation of a fusion reactor - was one of the most interesting objects for our visitors.
The visitors of the exhibition were mostly from the energy business, but there were also students, teachers and members of the general public. The impression was that 80% of the visitors
knew about fusion and no explanation of the process was necessary. Several teachers were interested in including fusion into the energy panorama, which they present, during the year, totheir students.
A scanning device for the visitors’ badges allowed us to register the data of approx. 100 persons, representing roughly 40% of the ones who asked our stand personnel questions.

Since its debut in 1997
SUSTAIN, the bi-annual
World Sustainable
Energy Exhibition &Conference has become the major event
to focus on the sustainable energy market.
The number of visitors
in 2001 was almost
7000, approx. 10%
more than in 1999.
The 2001 edition was
attended by visitorsfrom over 80 countries.
Almost twice as many
journalists visited
SUSTAIN 2001
compared with theprevious edition.

Several times visitors asked questions about the future cost of fusion energy, as well as
questions about how much of the future share of the world’s energy demand could be covered byfusion. One visitor asked why oil companies were not financing fusion. In his opinion this would
help provide the world with a future alternative in a timely fashion.
Our experience has to be considered in a very positive way. We found wide support for ourapproach to consider fusion, which can cover base load energy demand, as complementary toother renewables. The opinions of the visitors towards fusion was positive as well and full of trustin our work to provide a future energy source.

Some of the Visitors,of the EFDA Stand:

EFDA Stand at the Sustain 2001 Exhibition



DeWind

US DoE

Bodycote

McKinsey

Maharishi Solar



Novem



NUON

EFDA Fusion Newsletter

page 10QUESTIONS ON FUSION
In this section we will answer questions posed to us via our website (www.efda.org).

Questions:

In this first issue we respond to the three questions most frequently asked by thevisitors of the EFDA stand at the SUSTAIN 2001

1.

When will Fusion
Power Plants beable to contributeto energy supply?

2.

Will Fusion Power
Plants reduce
global warming,acid rain and air
pollution?

3.

Can fusion power
plants keep us
independent ofinternationalenergy imports?

Answers:
1.

The next step after ITER will be a demonstration power plant, which will be self-sufficient in its
fuel cycle and deliver electrical power to the grid. It will differ only slightly from the first generation of commercial power plants, the construction of which could be started within the first half of
this century. According to studies carried out to assess the feasible impact of fusion on the futureenergy market, fusion could win a considerable share in the electricity market by the year 2100.

2.

Fusion energy is generated through nuclear reactions, which do not involve any kind of chemical
combustion. Therefore no greenhouse gases are generated as a result of these reactions.

3.

The fusion reaction between deuterium and tritium is the easiest to achieve. There are about 35
grams of deuterium in every cubic metre of water. Tritium can be produced artificially from lithium, which is one of the most abundant light metals in the earth’s crust. Therefore deuterium andlithium reserves are evenly distributed on earth and are not property of a limited number ofcountries as it is the case for fossil fuels. This is a very important issue for areas such as theEuropean Union, which, according to the published sources, has currently a 50% dependence
on external energy imports and is going to increase it to 70% until 2020 if no countermeasures
are adopted. These values explain why two of the largest world economies such as the European Union and Japan, which largely depend on external energy supplies, are carrying out thelargest effort in fusion research.

CONFERENCE GUIDE
Date

Conference

Websiteth

21 – 25 January 2002

19 SOFE, Atlantic City, NJ (USA)7 – 12 April 2002

6 International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear
Technology, San Diego (USA)27 – 31 May 2002

15 International Conference on Plasma Surface Interactions in Controlled Fusion Devices(PSI-15), Gifu (Japan)

17 – 21 June 2002

29 EPS Conference on Plasma Physics andControlled Fusion, Montreux (CH)th

http://cer.ucsd.edu/isfnt.html

th

th

nd

9 – 13 September 2002

22 Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT),
Helsinki (SF)

14 – 19 October 2002

19 IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, Lyon (F)For more information:
http://crppwww.epfl.ch/eps2002

www.efda.org
http://vtt.fi/val/soft2002

www.jet.efda.org
www.iter.org

th

EFDA Close Support Unit - Garching
c/o Max-Planck-Institut for Plasma Physics(Association EURATOM-IPP), Boltzmannstr. 2
D-85748 Garching / Munich
phone: +49-89-3299-4237
fax: +49-89-3299-4197
e-mail: federico.casci@efda.org
editors: Federico Casci, Doris Lanzinger
graphic design: Karen Jens

© K.Lackner (EFDA Leader) 2001.
This internal newsletter or parts of it may not be reproduced without
permission. Text, pictures and layout, except where noted, courtesy of
the EFDA Parties. Picture on page 5 courtesy of EPS.
The EFDA Parties are the European Commission and the Associates of
the European Fusion Programme which is co-ordinated and managed by
the Commission.
Neither the Commission, the Associates nor anyone acting on theirbehalf is responsible for any damage resulting from the use of information contained in this publication.