1a -rt~~i.~~~~~·!c.f
Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New SeriesNo. 27

Palaeontological Society of Japan
September 30, 1957

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
Page

317.

On an Aluria from the Poronai Shale in Hokkaido ...... Teiichi KonAYAsHI

318.

Three New rvliocene Species of Callianassa from Nagano Prefecture ........ .

75....... ....... .... ... . ..... ...... .. .... ... ... .. . ... ... ... ... .... ........... ... ... .... .. Rikizo IMAIZUMI 81
319.

A Turonian Damesites from Hokkaido, Japan. (Studies of the Cretaceous
Ammonites from Hokkaido and Saghalien-XII) ......... Tatsuro MATsuMoTo 86

320.

Radulonectites, a New Pectinid Genus, from the Liassic Kuruma Group inCentral japan. (Studies on the Liassic Pelecypods in japan, 4) ................. .
.......................................................................................... Itaru IIAYAMI

321.

89

Interesting Sand-Pipes from the l\'liocene Toyoda Formation, Yamagata
Prefecture, japan ........................................................................ Kotora 1-IATAI

95

322. On Some Upper Triassic Spirifcrinoids from the Sakawa Basin in Prov.
Tosa, japan ..................................................................... Akira ToKUYAMA 99
323.

Some Notes on a Rare Species Triccratium simplex J. BRuN.................... .

.................................................................................... Wataru IcmKAWA 107
PUBLICATIONS l~ECEIVED (18) .....................................................................

!}4

PROCEEDINGS ............................................................................................................ 110

President:

Hisakatsu Y ABECouncillors: Kiyoshi AsANo, Riuji ENoo (Business and Accountant), Scido ENoo,llaruyoshi FuJIMoTo (Publication). Shoshiro HANZAWA, Kotara 1-IATAI, Ichiro
IIAYASAKA, (General Affairs), Kazuo IIuzioKA, Teiichi KonAYAsiii (Editor).
jiro MAKIYAMA, Tatsuro MATsuMoTo, Masao MINATo, Tokio SHIKAMA, Fuyuji
TAKAI (General Affairs), Ryuzo ToRIYAMA.

All Communications relating to this Journal should be addressed to the
PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN
Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, japan

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, !\. S., No. 27, pp. 75-80, pl. 13, Sept. 30, 1957.

317. ON AN ATURlfl FROM THE PORONAI SHALE IN HOKKAIDO*TEIICHI KOBAYASIII
Geological Institute, Uni \·crsity of Tokyo~tim.ilalJ%1:13].'{ZfiW-C'J Aturia :.: ·-::)1, ·"C.- ~~ll1\~Vlt~7J::f:tiJ!.jg O)~);';F.I-JJ-'{~'Jil72GD Aturia f'i A.
yokoyamai !"Cfiil~~t,, !~1Jr11t(1):Hi~/!f.::.*-:> -ct-r:E1'.'fm-s; 't" ~* l...t..: t ") c :~"' l?:t!-Q, ltsF:~-:.::.=:nJ!
b~FlM11friffi!i(1)FJiitl'l A. zigzag ::i;t 2 t!ll.<b 1J. ;l.l<l.:~f.tt!iH:OJiik'T:' A. yokoyamai cJ/4::., :=:iliJ.i!f.:(l)-) ~>t';'f{(1)A\ii¥Plfti~~t.c}":f.il.:$fif* A. nagaoi 0:l1£11J1·r~, ~1 1 1r!Jfdl"f2(1) A. yokoyamai :1)r*JfiUlJI'i
JD::&Jl.<:,r::., ii~f~C')~!j'ifQ)JJttflliJ·C'riill!&m:libnulv.!:1J;l;l($1'l'1ct!oO'Jn:n,~.!lo~l?t'L:t>,.J, tA: fi. -The discovery of Aturia in Central
Hokkaido is interesting particularly because it indicates the northern limitof its distribution in Japan or probably
on the western side of the Pacific Ocean, although its occurrence is known
from Alaska on the eastern side (ScHr,NcK,

yokoyamai (1954). According to K. 1\hTsusmTA. (19·19), A yokoyamai occurs at
various places in Northwestern Kyushu
in some Palaeogene formations and its
close ally in the Ariake formationwhence Camerina amakusensis (Y ABF. and
HANZAWA), l!l2fl, and some other foraminifers of the early Lutctian or Cuisianage are described. Therefore mutation
among the Palaeogene forms of Kyushu
is an interesting subject of study. I
do not intend at this moment to go
very far in the taxonomic problem.
But only a brief note- is giYen herethat A. yokoyamai comprises more than
two species and the Manji specimen
belongs to A yolwyamai s. str. which
is an Oligocene species.
NAGAo (1926) proposed Alln-ia yolwyamai for the so-called Aturia zi~zagfrom Japan, but his diagnosis is evidently based on his Oligocene specimens, because he states that ··laterallobe -usually extending as far as thepreceding suture-" (page 29), and gavedimensions of two syntypes from Asakura coal-mine and Meinohama, Fukuoka city.
He identified YoKOYAMA's two specimens of .'l. zigzag from Miike coal-field

1913).

The specimen in question was procured by NrsHINOMIYA. (19Sl) in a marly
nodule in the Poronai shale formationon the southeast bank of the Suidonosawa. or the valley of water reservoir,
500 m. above its junction with the Poronai river, between l\1anji station andManji coal-mine station, Sorachi-gun.
Hokkaido. I wish to record here mysincere gratitude to Mr. Katsuhiko
N IsmNoMIY A, the collector, and Prof.
Susumu MATSUSHITA of the Kyoto University for the privilege to study thisspecimen in the collection of that university.
Although the ?vlanji specimen is imperfect, it is so similar to Aturia yokoyamai that I have once called it A. cfr.

* Received Sept. 4, 1956: read at the64th Meeting of the Palaeontological So·
ciety of Japan, Oct. 6, 1956. at Kyoto.
75

i6

Tciichi KoBAYASHI

with his new species. noting that YOI<o·YAMA's ziJ.;zag on pl. 3. figs. H a-b is adeformed yolwyamai.
YoKOYAMA's two illustrated specimens
were procured from the Eocene 1\landa
formation, whereas all or most of NAGAo's were procured from Oligocene
formations. While these Oligocene ones
arc large, growing more than 25 em. indiameter. YoKOYAMA'S zigzag in figs. 1 ab. pl. 3. is small, only about 6.3 em. indiameter. This is distinct from !\AGAo·syokoyamni in the deeper ventro-laterallobe which is extended as tar as athird of I he ventral saddle of I he preceding suture. None of NAGAo's specimens. however, shows such a duplication of septal sutures. Because thisdifference matches with the time displacement between the two forms. A
nagaoi is proposed for the Eocene formas typitied by the specimen of YoKoYAMA's zi!~zag in figs. 1 a-b on pl. 3.
In Yo!WYAMA's, zigzag in figs. 8 a-b.
on pl. 3, the ventro-lateral lobe is inserted into the preceding as in A. nagaoi. This is. however, quite different
from A. nagaoi in its shorter septal interval and higher lateral saddle in relative to its breadth. Accordingly its
ventral saddle is extraordinarily broad
and large. Like Aturia trirmgu/a STEN·zEL (in Mn.LER. 1947, pl. 9G, figs. l-5),
the whorl is unusually broad and subtriangular in section. while it is narrowand discoidal in A. nagaoi. These differences appear not wholly attributable
to secondary deformation. Though it
is such an imperfect specimen to givea new name, I think it to reveal a new
species of Jlturia.
As shown in text-figure 1, the Manji
specimen coincides with the Asakura
specimen of .-1. yokoyamai in the growthof the spire. septal distance and courseof the septal suture. The septal inter-

Figure. l. Aturia yokoyamai NAGAO fromthe Poronai shale (shaded) and thesame species from Asakura, N. Kyushu.
(NAGAO, 19:!6. pl. 9. ligs. 1, 1 a). X3

val is evidently longer in .1. yokoymnai
including the l\Ianji specimen than ineither A. minor>nsis KonAYASIII (1954, KonAYASIII and MAsATANI, 1955) or A. tokunagai SHIMizu (1926). The specimen of
yokoyamai from Kyushu are often deformed. The t\vo specimens from Meinohama. Fukuoka city (NAGAo, 1926, pl.
10, figs. l, 1 a and pl. ll. figs. 1. l -c),for example, have angulate venters indicating their strength of lateral compression. In the whorl section the Manji specimen resembles the undeformed
one !rom Meinohama (NAGAo, pl. 10,
figs. 2. ~a), having a welJ rounded venter. Now I find no reason that the
Nlanji specimen should be excluded
from i1/uria yokoyamai. because it matches with that species in all of theobservable characteristics. It is thenan exotic southern element in the Poronai fauna.
The l'oronai shale formation has long
been thought 1\Iiocene in age and toOn an Aluria from the Poronai Shale in Hokkaido

lie on the Palaeogene lshikari series.
Some years ago YARK (1951) pointed out
thai, though the Poronai is heteropic
from the lshikari series, it must be
partly synchronotts with the series.
Subsequently in 1952, AsANo correlated
the Poronai foraminiferan fauna withthat of the Tumey formation in western
North America \Vhich is in turn Rufugian or lower Oligocene to upper Eocene. TAKEDA (1953) on the other hand
has shown in his study on the i\lolluscan shells that the Poronai fauna is
Oligocene.
Although TAKEDA found some warm
water inhabitants, cold water forms
are predominant in the Poronai Molluscan fauna. Therefore it was previously
tied up with the Aquitanian Asagai
fauna and the Asagai-Poronai faunaconsidered the typical boreal fauna.
When /\Iuria is found together withwarm water benthos, it is difficult tosay definitely, whether it is indigenous
or exotic to a fossil-coenesis. but likeA. tolwnaKai in the Thyasira-Phacoides
fauna in Prov. Hidachi. lbaraki Pref ..

77

this is the case of inclusion of a warm
water necmplanlllon in a horMI bent /ionicfossil-coenesis.
The Manji specimen
must have been a float on the protoKuroshiwo warm current which flew
into the Palaeo-Ishikari bay in Central
Hokkaido at least at the time of the
Oligocene transgression.
The Poronai formation is a thickmuddy sediment, more than 1,000 mthick, which was accumulated in atrough by the prorogenic subsidence.
The shell of Aturia yokoyamai is better
preserved in the marly rock of Manji
than in coarse rocks of Northern Kyushu.
To see the internal structure theManji specimen was cut longitudinallyand polished. It is especially well preserved in the last whorl which is filledwith dirt and minute oolites, while it
is obscured in the inner volutions by
crystallization.
On the dorsal side of the last whorl
there is a thick white layer (2) in whichwhite sheets are imbricated with anacute angle with the margin. In the

Figure. 2. I ntcrnal Structure of Aturia yokoyamai
in Plate 13, See the text for its explanation.

78

Teiichi KoBAYASHI

transverse section, however, it is seenthat this layer is abruptly thinninglaterally. The inner side of the layer
is stained by brown colour. but it is
not so clear to be .segregated from thewhite layer. On the other side there
is also a thin layer (1) which is blackor deep brown. A careful observation
reveals that this is composed of double,
instead of a single, layers, namely theouter layers of the ultimate and pen·ultimate whorls. On the dorsal side ofof this there is a very thin white layer.
or the inner layer of the penultimate
whorl.
In this polished section there are fivecamerae on the ventral side of the lastwhorl. Certain septa look to be composed of double layers. One of themon the adapical side which thins out
near the septal neck, may be a hyposeptal deposit (4), although it is so regular as the septum (3) itself. Septa
are bent at the necks gradually; septal
funnels extended as long as one and ahalf of the camera height. The septal
neck and the succeeding septal funnel(5) are lined with a thin layer of darkgray material (f!) at their junction. Unless it is a relict, there is no connecting ring at least in this part of thesiphuncular wall. The funnel is linedon the siphuncular side with a thindark layer (7) which may be continuousor discontinuous at the adapical end of
the funnel. No lining is, however. seenon the last septal funnel.
Because this section is a little obliqueto the median plane, the siphuncle narrows abruptly on the adoral side where

the camerae appear on the dorsal side.
The thinning of the shell at I he muralpart of the septum is inrecognizable in
the last whorl. The septum (8) there
is coated by a connecting ring (!l). Due
to crystallization near the junction of
a septum with its predecessor. it is difficult to say, how far the septum is extended to the adapical side. The endosipholinings (10) on this side of the siphuncle are not continuous, but invaginated one into another. There are somerooms between them as well as between
a lining and septum. These spaces
which are filled with dirt. are thickened
in a lenticular shape on the section
near a junction between two septa.
The siphuncle of -this nautiloid is holochoanoidal and orthochoanitic. In otherwords, the septal funnels arc long andinvaginated one after a not her to close
the intervals between the septal necks.
The siphuncle is tubular. although thefunnel on the dorso-lateral side may besomewhat convex inward bet ween 1wo
septal necks.
In the inner volutions (1'1. 13) the siphuncle and camerae are mostly filledwith crystals of impure calcite. Septa
are gone at places by crystallization,
but fortunately the structure of thesiphuncular wall is nicely preserved in
the penultimate whorl. This is about
the same growth stage as the specimenof A.turia penwiana OLssoN on which
i\IILLER and THo:o.1psoN made an observation (1937). In the present siphuncle ofthis stage it is seen that long septal
funnels which arc dark coloured areseparated from each other by a thin

Explanation of Plate 13
Polished section of Aturia yokoymnai NAGAo from the Poronai Sh<llc in Central llokkaido
showing the internal structure. X2. See Figure 2.

KoBAYASHI :Aturia yokoyamai

Plate 13

On an Aturia from the Poronai Shale in Hokkaido

light coloured layer, or. so-called connecting ring by these authors. This
light coloured material can be seen also
on the adapical part of the same volution to fill up the narrow intersticebetween the funnels which in turnform a cone-in-cone structure. It isfurther noteworthy that the white inner layer of the outer shell becomesthinner at places where the shell isbacked by the septum. Thus the internal structure of this whorl agrees
with what the joint authors have illustrated.
In the l\lanji specimen it is foundthat the siphuncular structure develops
from the olssoni stage in the penultimate whorl to the yokoyamai stage inthe ultimate whorl. The chief difference bet\veen the two stages lies in
the loss of the so-called connecting
ring by direct contact of a funnel \Viththe preceding which is clearly seen on
the camerate side of the si ph uncle. The
relict of the ring is seen there only
near the septal neck.

Referenct>s
APPELLOF. ]. ]. A. (1893). Die Schalen YOn
Sl'jJia, Spirula und l\'aulilus.
Studicntiber den Bau und das Wachstum. lvmgl.
StJenska Fetensk. Akad. /land!. Bd. 25,
Nio. 7.
AsANo, K. (1952), Palaeogene Foraminiferafrom lshikari and Kushiro Coal Fields,
Hokkaido. Short Pap. lnsl. Ceo!. Pala·
eontol. etc. No . .J.
- - (1954), Forminiferal Sequence in the
Palaeo-Ishikari Sea. Hokkaido, Japan.
jour. Ceo!. Soc. japan. Vol. 60.
FooRL>, A. H. (1891), Catalogue of the Fossil
Cephalopods in the British Museum(Natural History). Pt. 2. London.
HYATT. A. (1884). Genera of Fossil CephaJo.
poda. P1. 1. Proc. JJoslon Soc. Nat. llisl.
Vol. 21. l't. 3.
- - (1913), Cephalopoda. in ZITTEL·EAST·79

MAN's Text-l.look of Paleontology. Vol.
1.
KoBAYASHI, T. (1954), A Contribution toward Palaeo·Fiumentology, Science of
the Oceanic Current in the Past, witha Description of a New Miocene Aturia
from Central Japan. japan. ]our. Ceo!.

Ceogr. Vol. 25.
- - and 1\IASATANI, K. (1955), On the Occurrence of Aturia in Provinces of Et·
chu and I wami and their Ben ring on
the Palaeollumentology in the Mioceneof Japan. Trans. Proc. l'al. Soc. japan,
N. S. No. 17.
MATSUSHITA, K. (194!l). Geology of the Coal·
Fields in Northern Kyushu. KyushuKozangaku-Kaishi, Sp. No.
1\hLLER, A. K. and THOMPSON, l\1. L. (1937),
Some Tertiary Nautiloids from Venezuela and Trinidad. Beitriige zur Kenntnis tropisch-amerikanischer Tertiiir·
mollusken, 6. Eco/. Ceo!. He/vet. Vol.
30.
NAGAO, T. (l!J2li), Aturia yokoyamai, nov.
nom. from the Palaeogene of Kyushu.
Sci. Rep. 'J'olwku Imp. Univ. 2 d. Ser. Vol.
9, No.2.
NISHINOMIYA, K. (1951), A Study on the
Cretaceous Formation and the lshikari
and Poronai Series in 1\liruto-ManjiArea, Sorachi-gun, Hokkaido. Cradua·lion· Thesis, Ceo!. Imt. Kyoto Univ. Jl.fS.
SAITO. R. (1955), Pre-Kishima Orogenic
Phase of lshikari Coal-field, Hokkaido.
Kyuslm 1\ozangakli·Kaishi, Yo!. 24.
- - (1955), On the Poronai Formation Bull.
Ceo!. Comm. Hokkido, No. 28.
ScHENCK, ll. G. (l!J31), Cephalopods of theGenus Aturia from western North America. Univ. Calif. Pub!. Bull. Depart.
Geol. Sri. Vol. 19, No. 19.
Sm.MIZU. S. (1926), On Two Species of Nautiloidea from the Tertiary of japan.
Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. 2d Ser. Vol.
9. No.2.
TAKEDA. H. (1953), The Poronai (Oligocene
Tertiary) of Hokkaido and Southem
Sakhalin and its Fossil Fauna. Studies
on Coal Geology, No. 3. Gcol. Sect. Hok·kaido Ass. Coal Mining Technologists.
Sapporo.

80

Tciichi KoBAYASHI

H. (1951), Stratigraphical Relationof the Poronai and Ishikari Coal-lield,
Hokkaido. Proc. japan Acari. Vol. 27.
--and HANZAWA, S. (1925). Nummulitic
Rocks of the Island of Amakusa (Kyu-

YABE,shu. Japan). Sci. Rep. 1'ohoku Imp. Univ.
2d. Ser. Vol. 7, No. 1.

M. (1911), Some Tertiary Fossils from the 1\Hike Coal-field. jour.
Coil. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, Vol. 27.

YoKOYAMA,

Trans. !'roc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S .. No. 27. pp. 81-85, pl. 11. Sept. 30, 1!157.

318. THREE NEW MIOCENE SPECIES OF CALLIANASSAFROM NAGANO PREFECTURE*
RIKIZO Il\1AIZUl\U
College of Arts and Sciences. Tohoku University. Tomizawa, Sendai. Japan*'.f!Xt;g~l•tffi!t Callianassa ,1) =.t~rfll!: Callia11assa Shikamai

n. sp.: ;[~ll!.f~ 'f(J1Dii1!11;·:rt;r:t-J'L

ltifR. ;i\1,'i!HllU'ii *ruM. !fijfl1!1 BS!*~.
G"allianassa 1'a11akai n. sp. : Jf[VJ ~!}fll&l1!1 jl tii<l!l IKii'f7.KiR (18.Ii 'it. Hg!j / ~;r), 1Nil11"1 kn·mi. Ft.

tliF.¥. lll9":ffi11li~l.IL
Callia11assa }'agii n. sp.: ~!l!frli,HIJljJ, ,J,U\IB9'J. !:: .:: iJ il\. ~iti!J.'l.tfh'd. A*AA :.~l,U,
J:if20)3f'Jifll\~ff2JI&L..t-:, C. Shikamai jj: C. titaettsis O),fiiftO)eJl"C~~o C.1'anakai Jj:'J'lf~"t'Jllilflll&:ljtfifjO)Jfjfi!H::.I: fJ{ti!O) Callianassa iH?IKil!J~h~, C. Yagii :'!tr:O.Y"fil1fO),;j.·{,'~,;~~:. kO).lJLi'J'ttJ: ·.J.HJW.:t:Flit:Q:~9,~:J.it 'JJ Rli.

Shiga-mura, Higashi-Chikuma-gun, Nagano Prefecture by !'vir. Masayuki Fu•wHATA, then a student of the Gojo Middle
High School. and offered lo the writei·
by Mr. Kunio TANAKA of the Geo·
logical Institute of the College of Education, Shinshu University. Specimensof Callianassa Tmwlwi is small but does
not belong to the second pair of chelipeds of the other species of Callianassa.
The third species, Callianassa Yagiin. sp. was collected by a student of the
Otagiri Primary School in 195·1 fromthe Ronji Shale formation at Nigorizawa, Konabe-tanaka. Otagiri, Nagano
City and was put at the writer's disposal through the courtesy ot' Professor
Kenzo YAGJ. Callianassa Yagii n. sp. is
the palm only, but clearly differenciated from other species of Callianassa.

Introduction

Of the three new species of Callianassa from the Neogene Tertiary ofNagano Prefect urc described here. thefirst species. Callianassa Slzilwmai n. sp.
was collected from the Arakida formation of the Tomikusa group at Hibari·zawa. Tomikusa-mura, Shimoina-gun.
Nagano Prefecture, by Shiro !wAr ofthe. Iida-Takamatsu High School. This
species was reported by T. SmKAl\IA in
Hl54 as Callianassa cfr. inornata NAGAO
and HuzJoKA, 1938 and is now named
as Callianassa Sliikamai n. sp. in honorof the first recorder (SmKA~rA, p. 87.
Pl. VII, Fig. 6). Callianassa Shikamai n.
sp. is very close to Callianassa titaensis
NAGAo, 1941 and comprizes one groupwith the latter species in contrast to
the other group of Hokkaido, composedof Callianassa muratai N Ac.Ao, 193~ andCallianassa elon)!alodigitat 11 N AC.Ao. 194 l.
The second species, Ca/limwssa Ta·
nalwi n. sp. was collected in l!l5lfrom Nishinomiya, Shimizu-z;nva, Aida.

Family Callianassidae
Genus Callianassa Lt-:ACII

Callianassa Shilwmai n. sp.
1'1.

* Received Oct. 27. I ~56; read Ocl. 20, 1956.

1~.

Fig. 1-fl.

Paratypes :-No.1: ~ight cheliped. im81

82

Hikizo IMAT7.Ul\Hpression showing the outer surface;length of manus including propodal
finger. 32 mm; length of palm. 17 mm ;width of palm, 19 mm; length of dactylus finger, 22 mm; length of carpus.
minimum. 7.5 mm. maximum, 11 mm:
width of carpus. 13 mm; length ofmerus. 18 mm±; length of ischium,
H mm, Fig. l.
No. 2: Right cheliped showing theouter suriace with fragments of ischium, other parts of appendages andcephalon; length of palm. HI mm;
width of palm. 21 mm. Fig. 2.
No. 3: Impression of left chelipedshowing the inner surface; length ofmanus including propodal finger. 30
mm; length of palm. 13 mm; width ofpalm, 16 mm; length of propodal linger,
17 nun: length of carpus, 8 mm ; widthof carpus. 12 mm, Fig. 3.
No. 4: Right cheliped showing theouter surface with fragments of ischium and cephalon, and the cast of
dactylus and anterim· part of chela:length of palm. 18 mm; \vidth of palm.
16 mm: length of dactylus finger, 18mm; length of carpus. 9mm; width of
carpus, 13 mm. Figs. 4 and 5.
Preser/Jation :-Specimens are embedded in the grayish white tuffaceous
fi nc sandstone.
Descriptiou :-Right cheliped is hrge,
palm is slightly shorter than width;
propodal finger is broad at the baseand tapers abruptly; dactylus finger isrobust and longer than propoclal finger.
Proximal margin of palm is nearly atright angle to the lo\\·er border. slightly
convex in the middle and concave inthe lower part, making rounded curvewith the lower border. Upper border
inclined to the proximal end. making
a large rounded curve. Outer surface
ot palm is more convex than the innersurface. and has about three granules
on the median longitudinal line andanterior one is larger than the other.
Inner surface of palm has about six
large sockets in the middle of the anterior part. Propodal finger is shorterand thinner than the dactylus finger
and slightly shorter than the palm.
with a large tooth directing forward
at the base of prehensile edge; thelower border bent upward abruptly inthe distal extremity; inner surface has
the longitudinal ridge with two vertically elongate large sockets.
A longitudinal series of about five
fine granules along from the lower
border of the inner surface of the
propodal finger to the palm is faintly
preserved.
Dactylus finger is stout, and longer
than the palm. its distal extremity
projecting far beyond that of the propodal finger. bent downward, with four
vertically elongate large sockets.
Carpus is two-thirds of the lengthof the palm. the upper part of its proximal border is very convex in outline.
Left manus is slender and thinnerthan the right one; palm shorter than·width, with about five granules at the
inner surface of the middle of its anterior part at the base of the propodal
finger. Propodal finger has a large
tooth directing forward at the base ofprehensile edge. The shape of carpus
is similar to the right one.
Locality and geological horizon :-Hibari-zawa, southwest of Furushiro,
Tomikusa-mura. Shimoina-gun. Nagano
Prefecture. (Tokimata Sheet), lat. 35°
21'19"N., long. 137°47'32".4E .. IGPS Joe.
no. Nn-6. Shiro lwAI coli. IGPS coil.
cat. no. 7~J:l86.
Arakida formation,
Tomikusa group. l'VIiddle Miocene.
Remarks :-Callianassa Shilwmai n. sp.
is very close to Callianassa titaensis
NAGAo, 1941 and the former species isgenerally weaker and slender than thelatter species. The differences between

Three New Miocene Species of Callianassa from Nagano Prefecture

the two species are as follows. The
carpus of Callianassa titaensis is quadrate in lateral view and the carpus of
Callianassa Shilwmai n. sp. ·becomesslightly narrower proximally and has
the convex part on the proximal upper
part. The dactylus finger of Callianassa
titaensis is stronger than the one of
Callianassa Sliilwmai n. sp. and strongly bent downward especially at theextremity. and the dactylus finger of
Callianassa Sliikamai n. sp. bent gently
downward. A series of sockets at thelower margin of the inner surface ofCallianassa titaensis is distinct and it isfaintly in Callianassa Shikamai n. sp.
Callianassa Tanakai n. sp.
Pl. t·L Figs. 6-9, Text·figs. l-2.

Paraly/Jes :-No. 1: A left chela showing the inner surface. with the impression of the carpus. (Fig. 6. right). andthe cast of the same chela showing tbe
inner surface. with the carpus showing
incompletely the outer surface, (Fig. 7).
Length of palm. 6mm:l:; width of palm,
5.5 mm±; length of propodal finger. 4mm±; length of dactylus finger, 4 mm±; length of carpus, 6 mm±; width of
carpus. 5.5 mm±.
No. 2: A right large manus without
the dactylus, showing the inner surface(Fig. 6. left). Length of manus. 8.5 mm±; width of manus. 7.5 mm±: lengthof dactylus finger, 6 mm±.
Presenmtion :-The specimens are illpreserved. embedded in medium grayhard sandstone.
Description:-l'a!m of left manus slightly longer than width. propodal finger
slender and tapering distally. Dactylus
finger rclal i\·cly robust and broad, andabruptly bl·comcs 11arrower distally.
The distal end or the dactylus linger
broken off and the cast shows that it83

Text-figs. 1-2: Callianassa 'J'anakai n. sp .. X2.
Text·lig. 1: A left chela, inner view.
Text-fig. 2: A right manus. inner view.

slightly bent downward at extremity
and is slightly longer than propodus.
Interdigital sinus bet ween
fingers
broad and deep. Carpus lung, and almost two thirds of the length ol manus. Man us-carpus articu !at ion nearlystraight. The inner surface of palm
is smooth. ,,·ith a few granules on the
distal lower part. A row of granules
can be seen along the inner surfaceof the dactylus linger. Propoclal finger
has t\vo rows of granules. each row iscomposed of three or four granules.
On the lateral side of the inner surface, dactylus linger has four or more
distinct granules. of which three makea longitudinal row.
Right manus has the serrations along
the lower margin of the manus andthe propodal finger.
Localities ancl geological ltorizo11:- \'ishinomiya. Shimizu-zawa, Aida, Shigamura. Higashi-Chikuma-gun. Nagano
Prefecture. (Shinano-lkeda Sheet), lat.
36°20'54''N .. long. 137°58'9"E .. IGPS Joe.
no. Nn-7. Kunia TANAKA coli.. 1951.
IGPS coli. cat. no. 79487. Lowermostof Oga\va formation. !\Iiddle l'vliocene.
Remarks:- This small Callianassa is
close to Ca/lia11assa muralai NAGAO.
1932 in the shape of the manus andthe carpus and distinguished from thelatter in the ornamental ions of thesurfaces of the palm. Callianassa Tanalwi n. sp. is easily distit1guishedRikizo IMAIZUMI

from other species of Callianassa by
the narrow propodus, the broad anddeep intercligital sinus and the serrations of lower margin of manus.
Callianassa Yagii n. sp.
Pl. J.J, Figs. 10-15, Text-figs. 3-8.

Holotype :-A left palm only, separated from matrix, length of palm, 13mm; width of palm, 11 mm; thicknessof palm, 6 mm.
Description :-Left palm subrectangular, slightly longer than width. becomes slightly narrower from theproximal to the distal end; external---surface is very convex in a verticaldirection, and is smooth whenever thesurface layer is preserved; lower
border is faintly sinous, proximal partof lower border is convex and distal
part concave; the lower edge makes asharp eave to the inner side with
about ten serrations; upper border isbroadly rounded in shape, the anterior
part of the upper surface with a groupof about nine granules at one fourthof the length behind the distal margin,
the granules are small and oblong inshape. Inner surface of palm weakly
convex in transverse and longitudinal
directions; upper part makes a steep-----------

Explanation of Plate 14
Callianassa Shikamai n. sp. from Hibari-zawa, south-west of Furushiro, Tomikusa·
mura, Shimoina-gun, Nagano Prefecture, IGPS coli. cat. no. 79486. Arakida forma·t ion, Tomikusa group, l'vliddle Miocene.
Fig. I. Paratype No. 1, right cheliped, impression showing the outer surface, X3j2.
Fig. 2. l'aratype No. 2, right cheliped showing the outer surface with fragments ofischium, other parts of appendages and cephalon. X 3/2.
Fig. 3. Paratype No. 3, left cheliped, impression showing the inner surface, X3/2.
Fig. 4. Paratype No. ·1, right cheliped showing the outer surface, with fragments ofischium and cephalon, X3j2.
Fig. 5. Cast of paratype No. 4 showing the outer surface of dactylus and anterior partof palm, X3/2.
Figs. 6-9. Callianassa 1'anakai, n. sp .. Nishinomiya, Shimizu.zawa, Aida, Shiga-mura, Higashi·chikuma-gun, Nagano Prefecture. IGPS coil. cat. no. 79487. Lowermost Ogawa
formation, !\-fiddle Miocene.
Fig. 6. Paratype No. I, a left chela showing the inner surface with the impression of
carpus (right hand), and paratype No. 2, a right large manus without dactylus
showing the inner surface, (left hand). nat. size.
Fig. 7. Cast of paratype No. 1 showing the inner surface of chela with the carpus showing
incompletely the outer surface, nat. size.
Fig. 8. A four times enlarged photo of fig. 6.
Fig. 9. A four times enlarged photo of fig. 7.
Figs. 10-15. Callianassa }'agii n. sp .. holotype, .1\'igorizawa, near Konabe-tanaka, Otagiri,
Nagano City, IGPS coli. cat. no. 79-188. Ronji Shale formation. upper Miocene.
Fig. 10. Outer surface. X2.
Fig. 11. Inner surface, X2.
Fig. 12. Anterior view, X2.
Fig. 13. Posterior view. X2.
Fig. 1-1. Upper view, upper side is the outer surface. x2.
Fig. 15. Lower view, lower side is the outer surface, x2.
Figs. 1-5.

Plate 14l MArzuMr:

Three New Miocene Species of Callianassa

15

Three New .Miocene Species of Callianassa from Nagano Prefecture

Text-figs. 3-8: Callianassa Yagii n. sp., xl.8.
Text-fig. 3: Outer view.
Text-fig. 4: Inner view.
Text-fig. 5: Anterior view.
Text-fig. 6: Posterior view.
Text-fig. 7: Upper view.
Text·lig. 8: Lower view.
slope; middle part convex with numerous oblong, irregularly set pavements
belonging to a lower layer, and thelower part concave longitudinally.
Proximal margin of the articulationof the palm with the carpus is incomplete. Proximal border of outer surface concave and forms a terrace withthe manus-carpus articulation, and its
margin is incomplete. Proximal borderof the inner surface concave and has
a broad furrow bet ween the manuscarpus articulation. The distal partof the outer surface of the palm forms
a gentle rise around the cavity for
insertion of dactylus, and its margin
is incomplete.
Interdigital sinus of the palm shallow, narrow. with a blunt granule on
the outer upper corner of the sinus;
the anterior part of this granulebranches about three small granules.
Anterior upper part of the inner surface of palm around the cavity for
insertion of dactylus makes broad, andlow irregular lobes. Section at thebase of propodal finger subrhomboidal
and dactylus is larger than propoclus
and oval in section al the base.

85

Locality and geological age :-Nigorizawa, near Konabe-tanaka, Otagiri,
Nagano City. (Nagano Sheet), lat. 36°
39'19"N., long 138°7'25".4E., IGPS Joe.
no. Nn-8, K. YAGr coli., 1954. IGPS coli.
cat. no. 79488. Ronji Shale formation.
upper Miocene.
Remarl<s :-Callianassa Yagii n. sp. isclose to the left manus of Callianassa
elongatodigitata NAGAo, 19tH and is distinguished from the latter species by
a very convex outer surface. The
latter species has large granules on
the anterior part.
In closing the present paper, thewriter would like to express his hearty thanks to Mr. Shiro I wAr, Mr. Kunio
TAN AKA and Professor Kenzo YAGI for
the specimens studied, and to Emeritus
Professor Hisakatsu YABE and Professors Sh6shiro I-lANzAwA, Kiyoshi AsANo
and Kotora I-lATAt for their encouragements and advices.
References

NAGAO, T .. (1932). Two Tertiar>· and One
Cretaceous Crustacea from Hokkaido,
Japan, ]ourn. Facult. Sci., Hokkaido Uttiv.,
Ser. IV, Vol. II, No. 1, pp. 15-22. Pl. IV.
NAGAO, T .. and HuztoKA. T. (1938), A New
Species of Callianassa from the Neogene
Tertiary of Ilokkaido, ]oum. Facult. Sci.
Hokkaido Univ., Ser. IV, Vol. IV, Nos. 12, pp. 63-67, Pl. VI.

NM;Ao, T., (1941), On Some Fossil Crustacea
from Japan. ]oum. Facu/t. Sci .. Hokkaido
Univ., Ser. IV, Vol. VI, No. 2, pp. 86100, Pis. XXVI. .
SHII<AMA, T., (1954). On the Tertiary Formations of Tumikusa in South Nagano
Prefecture, Sci. Rep. Yokohama Nat. Univ.,
Sec. II. /lio. 3. pp. 71-108, Pis. IV-VIII.
SuzUKI, T .. (1938). Explanatory Text of the
Oil Fields of the Japanese Empire. Section 35. 1'/ze Geology of the Nagano Oil
Field, Nagano Prefecture. pp. 1-46.
UTASliiRO, T. et al., (1952), Geology of Uchimura area. Nagano Prefecture (abst·ract), ]oum. Ceo!. Soc. japan, Vol. 58,
pp. 293, 294.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 27. pp. 86-88. pl. 15, Sept. 30, 1957.

319.

A TURONIAN DAJIJESITES FROM HOKKAIDO, JAPAN*(Studies of the Cretaceous Ammonites from Hokkaido and Saghalien-XII)
TATSlJRO MATSUJ\JOTO
Department of Geology, Kyushu University~tl1iJI!lil!(;1) 7 '" - " =. 7 :/(;1)

Damesill's: ~~ ·c<V~il(f~·e !;): . Damesites (;1) jf!lft. !{!J:. it! lJ 1'- P}.::_. ii~Jok(;l)~ai.i~:b-?t.:i.i~. ~@l't<VIl#WJ(;I)J'll!l@il· 0 H ·l'!'l*~ffl,t.::. m£<1\ Damesites ainuanus c L."C. {-h;;!;-~cJl!t"j·~. ;:tt.;;t=t:IJ i'-Y~rlill~<V D. laticari11atus i.i··t?iQ:~w*L-t.:c-1;-t.>:~n~ii11t'.f.tt~·-bt,, '5:.t.:. D. damesi intermetlius ~.--..·c Jl\~OlJtJ:
D. dame,; ~ D. sugala -"~ili"t;,;, 'Pi1!(;1)J®f£~ 1'\:~-J- Q.
~ :;$: jJ! ~II
t1l:f~-JlJJ (::!!I-:f "--"'.:.:. 7 :/\:::.ttl~)

with /)amesites sugata (FoRBEs) and
Damesites damesi (J n.wo). In this paper
I describe it fully with some remarks
on its affinities.

I ntrodnction

Recently I have described. combinedwith Dr. R. SAITo, a Cenomanian species of Damesites and have demonstrated that the genus appeared in the
Cenomanian (SAt-ro and J'vlATS!IMOTo
195G). In another paper. in cooperation with 1\Ir. I. 0BATA, I have presented a range chart of the species ofDamesites in the Upper Cretaceous of
Hokkaido and Saghalien (l\1ATSUMOTo
and OnATA El55). However we have
had insufficient material to link the
Cenomanian species with the Senonian
ones. Only a form which is comparable with Damesites semicos/atus (YABE.t\1S.) MATSUMOTo has been known in
our Upper Gyliakian (i.e. approximately Turonian).
To fill this gap I have done further
field work and succeeded in obtaining
several interesting specimens from theUpper Gyliakian of the lkushumbets
area. I-Iokkaiclo. They represent a new
species which probably connects Dmnesites lalicarinatus SAITo and l\IATsuMoTo

Systematic Description

Family Desmoceratidae
Genus Damesites ~IATSUMOTO. 1942
Damesites aimumus sp. nov.
1'1. 15, figs. 1a, b, c, d. 2a, b. c.

Materia(- I-Iolotype: GK.** I-14198.
adult shell. from Joe. lk 2013d,***Pombets near Ikushumbets. Hokkaido(T.lVI. Coli.). Para types: GK. H4l!J9 .
immature. from Joe. lk ~fi13g", Pombets(T.l\1. Coli.); GK. IH~UO [=J\iuRAMo-ro
Coli. 711. an example of the middle
growth-stage, from Joe. lk 2012c. Pornbets.
Specijlc diagnosis :-The shell is dis:**GK.~Deparlrnent oi Geology, Kyushu
Uni\'crsitr.
**"' The stratigraphy of the Ikushumbets
and the adjacent area, with an index offossil localities, \Viii be described in detailin a separate paper.

* Read June 20,1!156: received Nov. 10.
HI 56.

86

A Turonian Damesite.s from Hokkaido, Japan

coiclal. very involute and narrowly
umbilicate. Whorls are compressed.
with rather flattened and slightly
divergent Jlanks and moderately arched venter. The ventral keel is smooth,moderately elevated and subroundedon the top; it has a broad base, which
is bordered on bo1 h sides by faintlongitudinal depressions. On the internal mould the keel is low and broad.
The umbilicus is crater-like with arounded or subrounded margin and asteep or nearly perpendicular wall.
The surface of 1he shell is nearlysmooth. but narrow riblets and striae

87

arc faintly discernible on the ventrolateral part of the body whorl.
Constric1 ions are frequent on theinternal mould of the body whorl andthe late part of the septate whorl. but
less so in the inner whorls. They are
rather shallow and prorsiradiate, showing only slight flexuosity on the sides
and prominent projection on the venter.
The su1 ureline is of Desmoceras
type. much resembling that of Desmocems kOSS11/(l/i ]'VIATSUMOTO (1954. p. 251,
text-fig. 1 1411]), and is very finely
incised.

1Vlt•asuremenls :-(in mm.)
SpecimL•ns
DiameterGK. H4198 (body whorl)
S5. 5(at the last septum)
GK. 11-1199
25. 4
GK. II·I200
4S. 5

Occurrence :-All the specimens listed
above and other comparable ones camefrom the lower part of the Upper Yezo
Group exposed along the Pombets. atributary of the Ikushumbets. Amongthe associated species there are Inoceramus tenuisf1iatus NAGAo and ~IATsu­
MOTo, Inoceramus inccrtus J IMBO, Inocermnus tes/lioensis NAGAo and l\lATsuMOTO. Scalarites milwensis MATSUMoTo.
Bosto·clwceras aff. indicum (STouczJ<A)
and Prionoryclus sp. The bed belongs
to the upper part of the Upper Gyliakian and is referable to Upper Turonian.
Remarks:- The present species resembles Damesifes laticarinatus SAITO
and J'VIATSUMOTO (1956. p. 192, text-figs.
la-c) from the l'aleogyl iakian (approximately Cenomanian) of Hokkaido
in its general shell-form, rather broad
keel. nearly smooth surface and pat*The body whorl is slightly deformed.

Height·14. 5
32.5
14.3
26.8

Brea1lt h
29. 2(-1-)*
23.2
11. 0
20. 3

(Bjll)(0. (i6)(0. 71)(0. 76)(0. 75)

Umbilicus (%)
10. 2
(12)
2.4

(9)

4.8

(10)

tern of the sutureline, but is distinguished from it by a more elevatedkeel and frequent and distinct constrictions. It is probably a direct
descendant of that species.
In the curvature and frequency ofconstriction and the smoothness of theshell the present species is similar toDamesiles sugata (FoRBEs) emended by
MATSUMOTo and OoATA (Hl55. p. 128.
pl. 26. figs. •1a. b. 5a. b; pl. 27. figs. 3a,b. 4a-d). In Damesiles sugata (FoRBES)
the whorl is much compressed withparallel flanks and the keel is much
elevated. narrow and sharp. while in
the present species the whorl is lesscompressed and has slightly divergent
flanks and the keel is relatively low,broad and rounded. There is, furthermore. slight difference in the size ofthe umbilicus and in the roundness of
the umbilical margin.
There is a peculiar form which has
been called Damesites damesi intermedius

Tatsuro 1\IATSUMOTO

88

MATSUMoTo (195-1, p. 270, pl. vi I xxii],
fig . .ta, b; MATsuMoTo and 0BATA, 1955.
p. 131. pl. 27, figs. 1, 2a, b) in the Lower
and Upper Urakawan. This is very
similar to the present form, but has anarrower and more acute keel, a slightly more inflated whorls and belter
developed riblets. It has been regarded as an intermediate form between
Damesites damesi (JJMBO) and D. sugata(FoRnEs). Indeed it may be so, but it
might also connect the present new
species with typical D. damesi on one
hand and with D. sugala on the otherside. In other words it probably represents a critical diverging pointfrom the ancestral form of Damesites(D. aiuuanus) of the Gyliakian to themore advanced ones (damesi-sugala) of
the Urakawan. In this respect it might
be called "D. ainumms intermedius ",but from its close resemblance totypical damesi in shell-form and ornament as well as the intimate stratigraphic occurrence /J. damesi intermedius
is, I think, a suitable name.

Sununary

A new species of Damesites from theTuronian of Ilokkaido has been described. It fills a blank in the recordof evolutionary history of the genus,
linking the ancestral Cenomanian species and the Senonian ones.
In conclusion I express my thanks .to
Mr. C. W. \\TRIGHT in London for his
friendly help and critical reading of themanuscript. I am indebted to Messrs.
T. & K. MuRAMOTo and Mr. T. OMORI
who have assisted me in the field.
Members of the Sumitomo Coal Mining
Co. at Pombets have afforded facilities
for my field work. A research grant
given by the Ministry of Education
has enabled me to carry on a field
trip in Hokkaido.
Works Cited
MATSUMOTO, T. (1954), Selected Cretaceous
Leading Ammonites in Hokkaido andSaghalien. Appendix in T. MATSUMOTO(Editor): Cretaceous System hz the japa.
nese Islands, 243-313, pis. xvii (i)-xxxvi(xx). Tokyo.
MATSUMOTO, T. and I. 0BATA (1954), Some
Upper Cretaceous Desmoceratids fromllokkaido and Saghalien. Mem. Fac.
Sci., Kyus/111 Univ., [D], Geol., 5, 119-151.
pis. 24-30.
SAITO, R. and T. MATSUMOTO (1956), A New
Species of Damesites from the Cenomanian of 1-Iokkaido, japan. 'Trans. Proc.
Polaeont. Soc. japan. N. S., No. 22, 191194.

Explanation of Plate 15
Damesites ah111anus sp. nov.
Fig. 1. Two lateral (a. b). ventral (c) and frontal (d) views, natural size. Holotype, GK.
H4198. Joe. Ik 2013d, Pombets, lower part of the Upper Yezo Group. Ishikari Province,
1-lokkaido (T. M. Coli.).
Fig. 2. Lateral (a). ventral (b) and frontal (c) views, natural size. An immature example,
GK. 1-14199. Joe. Jk 2013 g, Pombets, lower part of the Upper Yezo Group, Ishikari
Province. Hokkaido ('f. M. Coli.).
Photos by T. MATSUMOTO and l. 0HATA.

MATsuMoTo :Plate 15

Turon ian Damesites

lc

2a

2c

ld

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan. N. S., No. 27, pp. H9-93, pl. 16, Sept. 30, 1957.

320. RADUWNECTITES, A NEW PECTINID GENUS, FROM
THE LIASSIC KURUMA GROUP IN CENTRAL JAPAN*(Studies on the Liassic Pelecypods in Japan, 4)
ITARU HAYAMI
Geological Institute, University of Tokyo*·!~F.'i'M-l?2~?~:b!J'Ui1iJ.& Rodulonectites {::-:;~~,·-:: *-t~Mllf.~~l'J!Jfti!rOJ{t:Efti11:!:f<ft0 pee·tinids ~~-j·{:,.: ~;;~ ,J,:f>l;i{- (1935) 1'-J:?·c~J?dt,<.'i.-,t.;t,:. <:C')"f''1>1 {1fil-;l:{-C')?'~~c~illi~t!;i.i•t,Jj.-c. t!f~·(';!',_;;,;: .!::;7~!!3]-;>f:C')<:.:r.~iidt·t-?o;q; 7km

In this paper the writer proposes
Radulonectites as a distinct pectinid
genus. Before its description the writer
expresses his sincere thanks to Prof.
T. KoBAYASHI of the lJniversity of Tokyo
for the privilage of studying his collcc·
tion and the supervision of this manuscript.

radial grooves appear at first in middle
stage, never bifurcate and graduallystrengthened; umbonal region almost
smooth except for faint concentric linesof growth.
Remarks:- Radulonectites is characterized by the Pleuronectiles·like outline
and radial grooves in adult stage.
In the smooth umbonal area it issometimes similar to Camptonecles MEEK(1864), flourished in the jurassic andCretaceous, but flabellate "Camptonectes·
striations", curving outwards and often
punctated. are absent in this genus.
Its radial grooves are profound, nearlystraight and widely spaced, if comparedwith the "Camptonectes-striations ". As
to the outline, it differs from Campto·
nectes (s. s.) or non-striated "Campto·
nectes" in the more inequilateral shellbody and deep byssal notch. Length isalmost equal to or even larger thanheight in that genus, but the former
never exceeds the latter in this genus.
In Pec/m (Camptonectes) lens LEANZA(non SowE1nw) (1942) radial striations
are almost straight and distributed on
the antcro-ventral side. In outline itis so similar to the type species that
it is referable to Radulonectites.

Family Pectinidae LAMARCKGenus Radulouectites li.<\vAMI, new genus
Type species:- Radulonectites japonicus
HAYAMI, n. sp., Lias, Central Japan.
Diagnosis :-Shell highly inequivalve,inequilateral in right valve, acline orslightly opisthocline in mature, moreor less higher than long; left valve
more convex than right ; antero-dorsal
margin of shell-body profoundly sinuated in right valve, but the sinuationis shallow in left ; byssal notch very
deep; auricles well defined in eachvalve; right anterior one protruded
forwards as in Chlamys, while others
are subtrigonal and obtusely truncatedat the extremities; almost straight* Received Dec. l, 1956; read Feb. 9, 1957.
89

90

ltaru HAYAJ\11

In this type species the intervals
among radial grooves look like Ch/amys'
radial costat'. but a close examination
soon proves that the smooth surface iscarved by radial grooves which appear
in middle stage and develop in mature
stage. Incidentally. radial ribs, if present. diverge from the very umbones.
and shells are almost equilateral exclusive of auricles in many species ofChlamys.
In outline the type species is fairly
similar to Pleuroueclites /aerigatus (ScnLOTIIEIM)(Pnn.II'PI.

1900;

DIENER,

1925;

ScHMIDT, 1928) from the Lower l\·I uschel-kalk in Germany, which has also ahighly inequivalve shell. profound byssal notch and sigmoidal antero-dorsal
margin of right valve. In that species,
however. the surface is quite smooth
except for fine concentric lines ofgrowth.
Pleuroneclites !at eresf rial us (PHILIPPI)(1899; ScuMmT. 1!128). also from theLower i\Iuschelkalk. has a left valve ofsimilar outline and fine radial striae in
the antero-Yentral side. That species
was referred to Streb/opteria McCoy by
PmLIPPI (1899) and is regarded as anabnormal species of Pleumuectites by
AMANO (1955). Streb/opteria fvlcCoY (1851)
was thoroughly discussed by NEwELL(1937) as a late Palaeozoic genus or the
Aviculopectinidae. Judging from thewell defined auricles, deep byssal notch
and literally partial ornaments, laterestriatus is referable to neither Streb/opteria nor Pleuronecli/es but to this genus.
St rebloclwndria NEwELL (1937) is c haracterizcd by the lattice ornamentationin the umbonal area, nearly equivalve
and poorly defined posterior auricles.
although it looks sometimes close tothis genus in outline.
Unfortunately. neither hinge structure nor musculature is known in thetype species. Therefore. it is i ndetcrminable directly from internal characters whether this genus belongs actually to the l'ectinidae or to some othermore primitive family. Ctenolia areoften met with in P!euronectites, and aclear inner resiliier is illustrated in P.
lael 1igat us by Sc11 1\IIDT (1928). Because
Pleuronectites seems the most intimate
relative to this genus among the abovementioned Palaeozoic or Mesozoic pectinids. this may belong to the Pectinidac.
List of specit•s :1.

Radulonectites japonicus IIAYAMI. Liassic,

Central Japan.
2.

Pecten (Pleuromctites) laferestriafus Plll·(1899; ScHMIDT, 1928), Lower

LIPPI

Muschelkalk. Germany.
3.

Pecten (Camptonectes) lens LEANZA (1942),

Liassic. Piedra Pintada.

The following species are similar tothis genus, though the generic references cannot be warranted.
4. "Chlamys" kakanuia J'vfARW!CK (1956),
I-lokonui System. New Zealand.
5. Chlamys sp. DIETRICH (1933, pl. 8, fig.
13\1). Tendaguruschichtcn. S. E. Africa.
G. Ch/amys sp. DECHASEAUX (1936, pl. 4,
fig. 6), BaJocian, Paris Basin.

Radulouediles japonicus IIAY AMI, n. sp.
Plate 16, Figures 1-7.

Description:-Shell
highlyinequivalve. inequilateral especially in rightvalve, slightly opisthocline. higher thanlong. Pleuronectites-like in outline; posterior area develops more than anterior;left valve moderately convex but theconvexity of right one is weak; hingemargin straight; in right valve anterodorsal margin of shell-body remarkably
sigmoidal but not so much in left;
postero-dorsal one almost straight inRadulonectites. a Kew Pectinid Genus. from the Liassic Kuruma Group

each valve; ventral one gently arcuate,
passing into postero-dorsal one. but incurving somewhat abruptly at thejunction with antero-dorsal one in rightvalve; umbo fairly pointed. locatedslightly posteriorly and scarcely rising
above hinge-margin even in left valve;
apical angle about llO degrees in adultstage, but it is much smaller in juvenalia; auricles large, well defined; rightanterior one protruded forwards, linguiform, supported by a triangular auricular sulcus below; left anterior one
fairly convex, slightly undulated, truncated subvertically; posterior one depressed, triangular, truncated with an
obtuse angle of 120 degrees or more at
the extremity in each valve. but its

I

Measurement in mm.

posterior margin slightly concave inleft valve and feebly convex in right;
both valves similarly ornamented with65 to 70 almost straight radial grooves
in maturity. although umbonal regionis smooth except for faint concentriclines of growth; radial grooves unbranching, curving slightly out wards
in anterior part, broadened gradually,
almost as wide as their interspaces
near ventral periphery ; auricles sculptured also by several weak radials in
adults except for right anterior one;ventral side and auricles marked withstrong concentric lines of growth;
ctcnolium, resilifer and muscle system
unknown.

I Length Height Thickness Apical angle* ~rooves**

1 Holo;yp~ (l'.Hvl 2689) bivalv~ --,- 4S.55o.o -~ --- ---110'· Para type (MM 2690) right valve
Parat}·pe (MM 2!l91) right valve(Ml\1 2692) juvenile right valve

91

42. 0
30.5

47. 0
34. 0

5. 0
4. 5

17. 0

19. 0

2. 5

Obsemation :-Many right valves andthree bivalved specimens arc at hand.
The holotype (Figs. 2a. 2b, 2d) and adultparatype (Fig. Ia) are more or Jess compressed secondarily, but they show theoutline and ornamentation in adultstage of this species. The aspects ofthe middle and early stages are represented respectively by a paratype(Fig. Ga) and a small right valve (Figs.
3a, 3b).
The juvenile shell is acline to slightly
prosocline and somewhat Chlamys-Jikein outline. Its apical angle is comparatively small due to the sinuationof the antero-dorsal margin of the shellThe byssal auricle is fairly
body.
large. if compared with those of adults,
and ornamented with two or threeradial ribs which become obsolete later.

105'
95'
95'

I

67
66
68
12

The surface of shell-body is almost
smooth, and radial grooves are. if present, very narrow, small in number andrestricted to the antero-ventral side. Itshows that radial grooves appear earlier in the antero-ventral than in theother part.
The shell-surface is liable to exfoliate,but the characteristic ornaments arc
completely preserved on the externalmoulds of three type specimens (Figs.
1b, 2c. 6b). None of artificial internalmoulds*** reveals either resilifer or*
Maximum umbonal angle between
antcro-dorsal and postero·dorsal margins ofshell-body.
**
Number of radial grooves on the
shcll·body exclusive of auricles.
*** NEWEI.L (1937) calls such a speci·
men a subinternal mould.

Itaru HAYAMI

92

muscle system. It may be primarily
due to the complete erosion of inneraragonite layers on which those internal organs adhered.
Comparison:- The holotype left valve(Fig. 2b) is very similar to that ofPleurouectites laterestriatus (PH' u PPI)(1899: SciiMIDT. 1928) in outline andradial grooves, but the radial striations
are much finer and more partial inlaterestriatus than in this species. That
species is possibly a collateral ancestor
to this species, although the right valve
is fairly different in outline.
Pecten(Camptonectes)lens LEANZA (1~l42)(non SowEJmY) is another intimate
species to this. judging from its ornamentation. But that species is different
from this in the more Ch/amys-like outline i. e. less sinuatecl antero-dorsal
margin of shell-body and denser radialstriae.
C/zlamys sp. by DEcnAsEAux (1936. pl.
4. tig. G) has a similar outline to thesmaller paratype (Fig. 6a). althoughradial ornaments are entirely absent inthat form. If it is a juvenalium. theFrench form may be more or less related to this.
Occurrence :-Common in the Liassic
Kuruma group at Kuruma and Tsuchizawa in Kitaotari-mura. Kitaazumi-gun,
Nagano Prefecture (Province of Shinano).
Radu/oJI(:c/ilcs japunicus var. conl'exus
IIAYA:..u. new variety.
Plate lG. Figure ~.

l{epresentcd by a right internal mould
whose anterior part is broken. It clif-

Explanation of Plate 16
Radulonectites japonicus II.-\ YAM!. new species ............................... p. 90
Fig. la.

Right valve, P:uatype (l\Hvl 2690), X l. Lor. Coarse sand;; tone of the Liassic Kuru·
ma group at the lower stream of Tsuchizawa. 1\uruma in Kitaotari·mura. :'\agano,Pref. Prov. of Shinano).
Fig. lb. Gypsum cast of the same external mould. X I.
Figs. 2a-2b. Bivalved specimen. Holotype (:\1i\l2GS9), X 1. Loc. ditto.
Fig. 2c. Gypsum cast of the same left external mould. X 1.
Fig. 2d. Raclial ornaments in the ventral side of the same ~xternal mould. Holotype, X 2.
Fig. 3a. Juvenile right value (MM 2692). X 1.5. Loc. Black shale of the same group at
Kuruma.
Fig. 3b. External mould of the same specimen, X 1.5
Figs. 4a-4b. Bivah·ed specimen. (l'viM 2G93). X l. Loc. same as Fig. la.
Fig. 5.
Left valve (?). (!'viM 2694). Xl. Loc. same as Figs. 3a-3b. Collected by KoBAYASHI.
Fig. Ga. Right valve, Paratype (MM 2691) Xl. Loc. Black fine sandstone of the same groupat the middle stream of Tsuchizawa. Kuruma.
Fig. 6b. Gypsum cast of the same external mould, X I.
Left valve (MM 2fi95). X 1. Loc. same as Fig. la.
Fig. 7
Raduloneciiies japonicus var. co11vexus 1-IAYAMI. new variety ................... p. 92
Fig. 8.

Gypsum cast of a right external mould (llolotype ?viM 2696). X l.
Fig. Ga. Collected h~· 1\L\TSUZ.·\WA.

Loc. same as

All illustrated specimens are kept in the Geological Institute, Univcn;it~· of Tokyo.

H AY AMI:

Radulonectites, a new Li assic Pectinid

Plate 16

Rat!ulonectites. A New Pectinid Genus. from the Liassic Kuruma Groupfers from typical japonicus in the more
inflated shell-body and radial grooves
beginning earlier. Collected by 1\lATsuzAwA from the same group at Tsuchizawa.

l~eferenccs

AMANO. M. (1!155), Occurrence of a New
Species of 1'/euronectites in the Triassic.
Japan. Trans. Proc. Pal. Soc. japan, N.
S. 1\'o. 17.
DECHASEAUX, C. (1936), Pectinides Jurassiques Ul' l'Est du Bassin de l'aris. Ann.
de Pationt., 1-ol. 25.
DIENEII. C. (1925), Lcitfossilicn der Trias.
\Yirbl'llose Tierc und Kalkalgen. in
Gi.iRJCII'S Leitfossilien Lie.f -1.
DJETIHCH. W. 0. (1933), Zur Stratigraphie
und Palaeontologie der Tcndaguru-Schi·chten. Palaeontogr., Supple. 7, Teil 2.

93

KonAY AS Ill. T. (1935). Some New Facts con·cerning the Mesozoic History of Japan.
(in .Japanese) jour. Geol. Soc. japan,
Vol. 42. No. 499.
LEANZA. A. F. (1942), Los l'clecipodos delLias de Piedra Pintada en el Neuquen.
Nev. 11/useo La Plata, N. S. Vol. 2.
MARWJCK.]. (1956). Three Fossil Mollusca
from the Hokonui System (Triassic andJurassic). Trans. Royal Soc. New Zea·land, Vol. 83. Pt. 8.
NEWELL, N. (1937). Late Paleozoic Pelecypo<ls: Pectinacea. lvmsas Ceo/. Surv.
Fo/. 10.

PHILII'i'l. E. (1899). Ueber zwci neue Zweischaler-Arten von paliiozoischem Habitus aus deutschem Musrhelkalk. Zeit.
tleul. geol. Gesell.. Vol. 51.
- - (1900). Beitriigc zur Morophologie und
Phylogenie der Lamellibranchien. Zeit.
dt'Ui. geol. Gesell.. Yo/. 52.
Sci!MlllT, 1\1. (1928). Die Ld>cwelt unserer
Trias. Ohringen.

91

l'UBLlCATIONS RECEIVED (18)1312. PoKmmv. 1\1.: Pn:.Zkum na Dne Pro·
pasti Macochy v Morauskem Krase,(Acta Musei Moraviae) XXXIX. 1954.
Individmilni Formy1313. PovoLNY, D.:
Dcnnich Motyltt vc Sbirkach l\Ioravs·
keho Musca a Jejich V}vojov.Y Vyznam,
Ibid., XXXIX, 1954.
1314. Ih:u.ACEK, ]. : Puklicc (Lecaniinae) ze
Sbirky Ccrvcu (Coccoidea) Prof. Dr.
K. Sut.CE. Ibid .. XXXIX. 1954.
1315. STANEK. j.: Spodumcn a Bavenit z
jeclova, Ibid .. X.XXIX. 1954.
1316. Acta Palacontologica Polonica, I. No.
3. 1956.
1317. japan. Jour. Gcol. Gcogr .. XXVII. )ios.
2-·1. 1956.
1318. rpftflJI:ml. 111*!.1 ~: 1'9ffili'¥HilloVIF!/ft;;f:;tf.~~)IE Solemya (C?l.-''"C, il1i~3l':k~~~lilf~m~H~. ~5 s ~10 -~J-. nH 31 ~1319. q:qf~lXI~II. ~(ffit11E: #Jl'llllllzV11!oVN:f'!lt:M'.
lriJJ:, w, 5 ~- ;~ 2:1 -1}. Jl{j 31 ip.
1320. l~oczn i k Pol skiego Towarzystwa Geol..
zl,szyt 1. 1955.
1321. CA:-.tP, C. L. & S. P. WELLES: Triassic
Dicynoclont l~cptiles, Parts I. II. Mem.
Univ. California, vol. 13, No. 4, 1956.
1322. Quart. ,lour. Gcol. Soc., London. CXII.
Pt. 2. 1%1;.
1323. Travaux de l'lnstitut PaJeontologique.
Acad. Sci. USSR, VIII, Livr. 4, 1941.
(D. 13. OmwCJmv:
Studies on Devonian Fishes of USSR).
1324. BoRtSSJAJ{, A. A.: A New Chalicothere
from the Tertiary of Kazakhstan. Ibid ..
XIII, Livr. 3, 19-16.
1325. MARTINO\' A, 0. M.: i'vlaterials on evolution of l\lccoptera, Ibid., XIV. Livr.
1. 19·18.
1326. BYS1'RO\\", A. P. & ]. A. EFREI\IOV:
Benlhosurlms sushllini EFR.-a Labyrinthodont from the Eotriassic of Sharjenga l~ivcr, Ibid. X. Livr. 1. 19-10.
1327. 0RLOV, V. A.: Peruniinae. a new subfamily of Marter from the Neogene of
Asia. Ibid., X. Livr. 3. 1947.
13~8. BoRJSSIAIC A.: On the Equidae from
the Middle Miocene of Northern Cau·
casus, Ibid., XIII, Livr. 1, 1945.

xxv.

13:!9. RotiPENDORF. B. B.: The Evolution of
the \Ving and the Phylogeny of Oligo·
neura (Diptera, Nematocera). Ibid.,
Xlll, Livr. 2. 1946.
1330. VoRISSIAK A. A.: Jurassic lake fossils
from Kara-Tay mountains, Ibid .. XV,
Livr. 1, 19·18.
1331. VORISSIAK. A. A. & lh-:LIAEV,\, E. N.:
Finding places of Tertiary Land
Mammals in USSR Territory. Ibid.,
XV, Livr. 3, 1948.
1332. DANILICHENKO. P. G.: Genus l'alaeogadus and its evolution.
RoDGIDESTVENSKY. A. K.: Genus Cent·
riscus from Maikolsky Formation of
Caucasus. Ibid .. XXV, 1950.
1333. ScHJMANSKY, V. N.: Primitive Nauti·loidae and Bactrytoidae in Sakmarianand Artinskian Formation of Southern
Ural. Ibid., XLIX. 1954.
1334. OnRUCHEV, Om.: Stud}' on food andlabour of A. P. KARPJNSI<Y. Ibid., XLV,
1953.
1335. EFREMov. 1. A. & H. r. v,uscHKov:Catalogue of finding PlaCl'S of Permianand Triassic Land Vertebrate in USSR
Territory. Ibid., XL VI. 1955.
1336. jLffl::k~J:iffO'!tl'ml11!~1ilf!fe*!1i· ffi 3 ~J- 1956.
1337. FR.f;NCJS. E. II.: The Economic Geologyof the Stirling and Clackmannan Coalfield, Scotland, Area North ol the River
Forth. Coalfteld Pap., Geol. Surv. GreatBritain. No. 1, 1956.
1338. GA7.tN, C. L.: The Upper Paleocene.Mammalia from the Almy Formationin Western Wyoming, Smith. Misc.
Coli. vol. 131. ;\o. 7. 1956.
1339. KRIMHOL7., G.: The Mesozoic Bclcmnitidae of USSR Palacont. USSR
Monographs. LXVII. Fasc. I. 1939.
1340. Rocznik Pnlskicgu Towarzystwa Geo·
logicznego. XXIV, Zeszrt ·1. Za Rok.
195t
13-11. Ibid.,
XXV, Za Rok 1955. Zeszyt~.

13·12. Acta Palacontologica Polonica, I, No.
4, 1956.

Trans. Proc. Palal'ont. Soc. japan. N. S., No. 27, pp. 95-98, Sept. 30, 195i

321.

INTERESTING SAND-PIPES FROM THE MIOCENE TOYODAFORMATION, YAMAGATA PREFECTURE, JAPAN*
KOTORA HATAl
Department of Geology, Faculty of Edu..:ation. Tohoku University

U!Jf;.ftJil!Jl!i*i:ffili;:~~'T~aml\'1 C'P~1!t) 1H?~.!i!.~ttt.:.~IJ.I<:b;,;, Sand-pipe l:.!lc•. --c: rJ!If:5!l.tlt!tJ'IJf111}/,ciJ'~IiiJ<V'&rV~JU1jffLJ:I1lif:tl;~O). ~J.IIP.'1 (•f'ffrW:) "PJ: 1J l'l<i&L.t.: sand-pipe f;l)0fi'/jjti~
b -?t..: '{, <V ::. '? '· '"Cilt!~ L.t.:'
Pipe j)RO)\,<Vc. h'1iffl. Jf.a;J:tJ(}.;o, ·~, tij;f-tt.~: ring ;Ji,i{}l. ·i-:l:Jr;J,C.•f.J~<V~J)R, lll!.if.ltVC'. ·9tt
l'l'tffrl<Vtl:it{. i;.tV':m:t.t:<VifiJ~1H!IIffrlcO)P,(Ht,. ts:tc<Vl~.UM·I?Ji-c. ::.0 pipe li'lt-.ii!i<V sand-pipe
C.l-:t84t;:-?t.:'{,<DL', worm-cast <P~t·li pseudo-sand-pipe ~fii;-~-..--;:~'{,<DL'$Q" ts;:t;, 4-/UIJ!:

mn ~ ~~~~~-~-cff<Tili-c<PQ.

During the course of geological observations in the western marginal partof the Yamagata Basin, 'Yamagata Prefecture. in the early part of July 1956.
the writer discovered some interesting
sand-pipes ot doubtful origin embeddedin the l\liocene Toyoda formation; thesewill be described in this article.
Before proceeding the writer wishes
to express his thanks to rvrr. Ilirotoshi
AoKI and 1\lisses Tomoko TAKIWA andToshiko TAKAIIAsm, students of the Tohoku University. for their cooperationin the field.
The sand-pipes above mentioned occur
abundantly within a nearly lS meters
long exposure of the Toyoda formationon the right bank of the l'vlogami River below Tomisawa about 5 kilometers
south of Atcrazawa-machi. Higashil\Iurayama-gun, Yamagata Prefecture.
They are embedded in a fine-grained
sandy tuff which occupies the middle
part of the !ormation and occur with·out any definite oriental ion, hut arequite parallel to the bedding plane. No
fossils except occasional remains ofdrift woods were found in association
with the sand-pipes.
The numerous pipes which measure
about 1 centimeter in diameter and 15
centimeters in length of the longest
exposed one, are either nearly circularor more or less flattened in cross-section. The sides are quite parallel with
one another and the shape may benearly straight. broadly to some\vhat
narrowly crescentic, more or less curved
to somewhat sigmoidal, semi-circularor worm-like. As already mentioned.
these pipes exhibit no definite orientation and show random arrangement.
and the distance between each respective pipe is varied and some even overlap each other. None of the observable
ones were found to be embedded vertically or at a highly oblique angle tothe bedding plane of the stratum, although a few ·were found to be buried
at a very low angle. Nearby. however.
there were found a few in vertical position and of diameters similar to thosealready mentioned. This fact suggeststhat the origin may be due to somecra\vling organism.

* Received Dec. 26. 1956; read De.:. 1. 1956.
95

96

Kotora HATAIFrom the tact that the greater majority of the pipes were exposed withsmooth external surfaces. it may beinferred that water current and probably also other agencies may havebeen responsible for wearing away any
kind of sculpture that may have originally existed. Such inference is suggested from the fact that several pipes
were found to have peculiar sculptureon their exposed surfaces as well on
their halt buried one (latc·r proved byextracting from the matrix). This peculiar sculpture may help solve thenature of the pipes.
The peculiar sculpture consists ofconcentric rings numbering about 4 to
6 per 5 millimeters space. These arc
well rounded, elevated and with nar-

Text·figs. 1-5. WornH:ast specimens col·lected from the 1\-fiocene Toyoda forma·tion south of Aterazawa-machi, Higashi·lVlurayama·gun. Yamagata Prefecture.
Figs. 1, 2. 4, 5, arc more or less worn on
their surface and thus do not show thetypical conc!'nlric ring!-;. Fig. 3. which isincomplete. shows the concentnc rings.
The specimens arc all preserved in thecollection of the Department of c;cology,
Faculty of Education, Tohoku University.

rower intcrspaces and arc parallel with
one another. No striations other thanthe concentric rings were observed on
any of the examined specimens. Although very faint. one was found tohave a slightly greater number of
weaker concentric rings within a spaceof 5 millimeters. These rings are lessdefined as to height and depth of intcrspaccs probably due in part to thespecimen having a smaller diameter (7millimeters) as compared with the .former \\·hid1 measured about 12 millimeters
in diameter. Further, the specimen
having stronger sculpture was better
preserved than the one with weak sculptu rc.
From the lengths of the pipe specimens as preserved and their diameters
as well as from the concentric rings
developed on them, it seems that somekind of annelid may have been responsible .for their origin. Also froml he lack of any definite arrangementof the pipes which are mostly parallel\Vith the bedding plane with the exception of a few which were embeddedwith very low angle or more rarely
with nearly vertical position. it may
be suggested that the pipes are oforganic rather than of inorganic origin
and that some kind of marine organism
is likely to be the cause.
Providing that the pipes are due tosome marine organism, the problem
arises as to what kind of organism
could possibly make them.
l'v1arine
worms belonging or related to suchgenera as Arenicola, Balanoglossus andC/wetopterus are worthy of consideration. However. all these genera live
in burrows which are upright in position at their both ends and nearly horizontal at the middle lowest part. forming a U-shapcd burrow or tube. In
such respects, those genera may nothave relation with the construction ofInteresting Sand-pipes from the 1\liocene Tuyoda Formation. Yamagata Prefecture

the present pipes which fail to showsuch orientation. Thus. another explanation must be considered.
l~urrows parallel \Vith the bedding
plane are sometimes made by crabs as
seen often along streams entering thesea. However, the present ones cannot
be attributed to crabs because of theirshapes and sizes, particularly becauseof their peculiar surface sculpture ofconcentric rings. lloluthurians such as
Cucumaria crawl on sandy or muddy
sea bottoms. but do not make such peculiar markings in so far as the writer is aware. Other crawling organ·
isms as gastropods make trails but thepresent pipes are not trails later filled
up. Presently the writer is unawareof the kind of marine organisms \vhich
could possibly make pipes similar to
those now under considcrat ion.
A possible cause resulting in the canst ruction of various shapes of pipes.
some of which show peculiar ring sculpture may be postulated as follows.
Sh<:mld marine annelids as those belonging to or related with the genera.lrenicola. Halanoglossus or Clwetopterus
have their burrows gradually filled withtine-grained sandy tuff poor or almost
devoid of organic matter utilizable as
food and rich in acidic substances. theywould be compelled to leave their burrows or remain to die. Since annelids
arc proYided with organs for locomotion it may be considered probable that
thL'y would lea vc their burrows to
migrate to a more favorable environ·ment. By such procedure and fromthe fact that annelids often occur ingreat numbers. it may be inferred thatmany indi\'iduals would crawl over thesurface ot the sea-bottom at a similar
time in s('arch for a marl' iaYorahle
environment. Owing to the fine-grained
sandy tuff being deposited continually97

on the sea-bottom the annelids may
haYe not been able to endure th~ · diverse conditions tor any length of time.
Possibly, although some may have beensuccessful in finding new homes, themajority would have died in their attempt. If this is a possible case. thenit is not to be questioned that many
individuals would die in various positions. Some may have died with theirbodies partly curved, others fully stretched and still others in positions ofalmost any shape. Some may have diedin their attempt to crawl over others.
Whatever be their position, it may befully assumed that many individuals
would be cra\vling over the sea-bottom
at the same time and in position thus
be parallel or nearly so with the substratum. By burial the fine-grained
sediments would adhere to their bodies
in a way to retain their smooth curvature and length, thus explaining theoccurrenc<' of various shapes and random arrangement on the bedding plane.
Should such a postulation be acceptable for explaining the various shapesof pipes which have similar diameters
according to length and arra11ged parallel with the bedding plane, then thepeculiar ring shaped sculpture on the
better preserved ones would represent
the original surface sculpture of theworms, w·hich are thought to have relationship with the above mentioned
three genera of worms. It may be
added that the species belonging to theabove mentioned three genera havestrong segments. particularly on theiranterior part of the body. Whether
the above gi,·en explanation can be accepted remains to be settled by futurestudies. However, if it can, then it
follows that the sand-pipes above described arc not pipes in the generalusage, but arc casts of worms them·1\otora HATAI

98

selves and thus may be referred topseudo-pipes or worm casts.
References
DAHMER, G. (1936), Lebensspuren aus dem
Taunusquarzit und den Sicgener Schi·chten (Unterdevon). jahrb. Preuss. Ceo!.
Lam/., Bd. 37, pp. 523-539, pis. 31-35.
FENTON, C. L. and .M. A. FENTON (1931),
Apparent Gastropod Trails in the Lower
Cambrian . .4mer. 1l1id/. Nat., vol. 12. no.
10, pp. 401-405, 2 figs.
FUNAYAMA. Y. (1952), Geological Structureand Stratigraphy of the Tertiary System in the Wesetrn Margin of Yama·gata Basin. Bull. Ceo/. Sm·v. japan, vol.
3. no. 3, pp. 109-117, 3 figs.
II.i\NTZSCIIEL, ,V. (1934). Schraubenformige
und spiraligc Grabgi:ingc in turonen
Sandsteinen des Zittaucr Gebirges. Se11·
ckenbergiana, Ed. 16. pp. 313-324, 3 figs.
- - (1938), Quer-Gliederung bci Littorina·
Fahrten. ein Beitrag zur Deutung von
JV!ckia ammlata Glocker. Senckenbergiana,
Rd. 20, pp. 297-;{04, 6 figs.
- - (1955), Lebensspuren Als Kcnnzcichcn
Des Sedimcntationsraumcs. Sond. Ceo!.
Rundschau, Bd. 43, pp. 551-562, 2 ftgs.
- - (1955), Rezente und fossile Lebens·

spurcn, ihre Deutung und geologische
Auswertung. Experientia, vol. 11, no. 10,
pp. 373-382, 12 figs.
1-1.-n AI, K. (1938). Further Notes on Sand·
pipes. jour. Ceo!. Soc. japa11, vol. 45, no.
543. pp. 873-875.
- - (1951), On a Sand-pipe from near Sen·dai. Short Papers, Inst. Ceo!. Pal., 1'olzoku
Univ., no. 3, pp. 46-51, 3 ftgs.
- - (1951), A Problematical Fossil from
Yamagata. Short Papers. Inst. Ceo!. Pal.,
Tohoku Univ .. no. 3. pp. 41-45, 1 pl.
HATAI, K. and H. l\h1. (1955), Markings on
a Tidal Flat in Uranouchi Bay, Shikoku.
Rec. Oceanogr. TVks. japan, vol. 2. no. 1,
pp. 161-166, 1 pl.
1-IAYASAI<A. I. (1935), The Burrowing Activities of Certain Crabs and their Gco·
logic Significance. Amer..Midl. Nat., vol.
16, 110. 1' pp. 99-103.
NoMURA, S. and K. HATAI (1937), Prelimi·
nary Notes on Some Sand-pipes. Saito
Ilo·on Kai Mus., Res. Bull .. no. 13, pp.
141-153.
UozU!IH, S. and T. FUJIE (1956). The Sand·
pipe created hy the Pelecypods: Plaiydon
nipponica n. sp., and Pholadidea (Penitella)
kamakurensis (YOKOYAMA). jour. Fac.
Sci., Hokkaido Univ., vol. 9, no. 3, pp.
351-369, 7 figs., 5 pis.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. japan, N. S .. No. 27. pp. 99-106, pl. 17, Sept. 30, 1957

322.

ON SOME UPPER TRIASSIC SPIRIFERINOIDS FROMTHE SAKAWA BASIN IN PROV. TOSA, JAPAN*
1\.KIR!\. TOKUYAMA
Geological lm;titute. University oi Tokyo±~f:li!"J r 1H:ti/lt0) Spiriferinoids .J tirM!&u: l tJi !il!ll!l:t81f:rlli0 1 £iii. l iffittl\liVY:;ICi:tr~f:. f\';O),mc L-"'C?all?tt·::-·. 'Q Puttclospirijer :::m·t~il:. sensu stricto O){,U,;i;:Jt·"{> c. ?'f.Jf; • ~-O),r~·::;· ~Y~-:> ·n · ~.

f!kc-~;"Jrn·· li~O) 3 {]l!i:l:i'rM

Sp;riferinoides :.:.;A-j· {>. ;: 0) ~;;l:rt-Jffilfi~,ill!~O).r!f.

-r:: Spiri fcrinidae c Spiriferidae O.>'PIItlil(J&llfi:l'::.*{>;Q: jugum O)f{tJ:{(. ,t ~1jjij;Jr:::.f4-j· -?:· iJ!:n~!J!!J-:>R. Spirifcracca O)?Yi*ft~g.:O);;t,;JUlE:;if-·n.e!-cib{>.

cfJ Ill

IJJl

a similar example having the shell of
the former and the apical apparatus of
the latter. In agreement with WILLIAMs(1956) and others, the writer is of
opinion that the spiral structure ischaracteristic of spiriferoid.
Thegenus may be a terminal branch of
the Spiriferinidae.
The writer is thankful to Prof. T.
KoaAY ASH I who kindly bestowed thewriter the privilege of describing hiscollection and always guides him.

One of the most common brachiopoda
in the Trias of japan is the Spiriferinidae occurring in the Skytic Kurotaki
limestone in Tosa, in the Ladinic Rifu
formation in Rikuzen and in the Carnic
Kochigatani series in Tosa, Nabac formation in Tamba. and lwai formation
in I\1usashi (KonAYASHI el al., 1950).
Among them only 2 species from the
Rifu formation have been described by
YABE and SuiMizu (1~97). In this paper
the writer describes Spirijerinoides. new
genus including 3 new species and 1
new species and 1 new subspecies ofPwzclospirijer NoRTH which has hitherto
been a late Palaeozoic genus.
Palaeozoic spiriferoids are now wellsystematized. It is, hov;ever. not simple
to adopt the scheme of classification to
Triassic ones. The interior structureof Spiriferinoides is intermediate between
the Spiriferidae and Spirilcrinidae.
More precisely, it agrees with the latterin the spiral structure of the arm, while
the former family in the shell texture.
Permian Odmztospiri_fe1· DuNBER may be

Family Spirifcrinidac

Genus Punctospirifer N01nn, 1920
1920.

runctospirifer NoRTH Q. f. G. s., vol.
76, p. 212.

Choosing A von ian Pzmctospirijer scabri·costa/a NoRTH for the type species,
NmnH discriminated this genus from
Spirif'erina ll'ORBIGNY; its characteristics
lie in l he apical apparatus and V-shaped
jugum. Since then, its wide distribution in Carboniferous and Permian
was broutht to light. The writer is of
opinion that the following species of
Spirij'erina from the South Alps etc.,* Received Jan. 5. 1957; read at the An·
nual i\'lectinl!; of the Palaeontological So·
ciety of japan, Feb. 9, 1957. at Tokyo.
ygAkira ToKUYA!IIA

100(BITTNER, 18!!0) are probably its Triassic members.

"Spiriferina" jJeneckei BITTNER
Ani sir: South Alps.
"Sp." emnescense BITTNER
Carnic; S. Alps.
·· Sp." gregoria SuEss
Carnic; N. & S. Alps. Himalaya etc.
"Sp." mojsisol!icsiana KLIPSTEIN*
Carnic; S. Alps.
"Sp." lyrolensis BITTNER
Carnic; S. Alps.
"Sp." griesbachi BITTNER
Noric; Himalaya.

Their shell texture and apical apparatus arc quite suggestive of the generic reference. If compared to the
Palaeozoic species they are. however,highly variable in external features,such as outline, costatum and mediansinuatum. /'. triadicus appears to he aterminal form. lts smooth lateral slope
and very shallow mesial sinus are unusual for the genus; feeble costation ofits variety suggests its relation to the
costate form typical of the genus.

Punclospirifer lriadicus ToKUY AMA. n. sp.
Plate 17, Figun:s !!-12 and Tcxt-tigurc 1.

Description:- Shell small. biconvex.
trigonally oval. wider than long. the1---·-·-------Measurement in mm.

Holotype (pedicle va)Yc)
Paratypc (pedicle valve)
Paralypc (brachial valve)

greatest width lying in front of hingeline. Pedicle vavle semiconical and inclined; beak small. pointed; mediansinus shallow, flat on bottom and distinctly delined by boundary costae: anterior lobe rounded and slightly projected; lateral slope smooth. Brachialvalve less convex than pedicle; medianfold distinctly elevated above thegeneral level ot the valve; beak small,slightly raised on hinge line. Test endopunctate. No surface ornament except bundary costae and furrows.

Text-fig. l. Apical apparalu!; of
Punc/os}Jirifr.r lriat!icus.

Delthyrial supporting plates low,
rectangularly divergent forward as far
as the floor of valve in a very earlystage. but reduced in maturely to stout
flanges in cardinal area: median septum
high. free from delthyrial supporting
plates, and extends to a l hi rd of lengl hbelow beak; a crest on brachial valve
low. narrow and supporting hinge
socket ncar beak.
Length

Width

6.8

!!.I

3. 1

7. 3

8. 0

3.6

ThicknessS.!l- - - - - - - -Obserl'ttl ion:- As seen in many shells.

*

WANC (l!l:iii) referred this to Middle
Triassit- 1.1>/Jismalilla \VANG, but BITTNEJ~'s(18\lO) illustration (Taf. :10, I:ig. :!6) suggests
this to be" tripartitac" of ZuGMAYER (1882).

punctation is line. distinct, and somewhat crowded in the inner layer oftest (lig. !l), but t lwre is no trace on external moulds. No dorsal interior structure is known except a short crest in
the beak region.

On Some Upper Triassic Spirifcrinoids from the Sakawa Basin

Comparison:- Its test and apical apparatus of both valves are typical of
Punctospirifer. although no specimen
shows the V-shaped jugum. P. scabricostata NoRTH and many other Palaeozoic members which have roundly sinuatcd wide median sinus and numerous
fine and distinct ribs: this differs fromthem in the shallow median sinus, itsflat bottom and smooth lateral slopes
except strong boundary costae. This
species is quite distinct also from theabove listed Triassic members. In theornamentation it resembles" Sp." /w/obiarum B1TT~ER from the Carnic ofNorth Alps. but that species is nonpunctate. Superficially. Sp. cf. dancini
DEMl\JELLAJW by \VANNER and KNISPscnEER (1951) from the middle Lias of
Niclschrucht is closest to this. although
the area is higher in that than in thisspecies.
Details of the interior are
unknown either of S. lzalobiamm or S.
cf. dancini.
Un:urrence:- Very common at Kashiwai and Okunomine-tani near Sakawa
in Prov. Tosa. in the Carnic OxytomaJLvtilus bed of the 1\.ochigatani series.
All specimens are collected from fairly
coarse sandstone, containing a ttrebratulid and various pelecypods.
Punctospirifer lriadicus kashitmiensis
ToKuYAMA. new subspecies
Plate 17, l'igurcs 13-16.

Somewhat larger than the I ypicalform; median sinus shallow. provided
with a faint mesial rib and boundedby distinct costae; lateral pi icae 3-4.
weak and widely spaced. In most features this agrees with the preceding.
In some specimens plicae are almost
obscure but in others fairly d ist i net.
like in P. mojsisovicsiana (BITTNr:~): its
biconvexity is clear distinction.

Il'vlcasurement in-I~1m.

1

Jlololype (pedicle v.)
Para type (brachial v.)

101

Length l \Vidth
1

10. 5
7. 2

1

14. 5
Y. 5

Ocwrrence:- Same as preceding.
Genus Spirijerinoides ToKUYAMA,
new genus

Type species :-Spiriferinoides sakmtYtmts
KonAYASJJI and ToKttYAMA. n. sp.
Dia;:nosis:- She II small, sem icon ical.
almost planoconvex, wider than long.
widest slightly anterior to hinge line.
Pedicle valve convex. with a rounded
median sinus; anterior lobe indistinct;
beak pointed. more or less gibbous;area slightly concave; lateral slope
covered by about 5 to 7 distinct costae.
Brachial va!Ye flattened; beak slightly
raised above hinge line. Test pscudopuncl ate; surface covered by dis\ inct
and comparatively coarse spines andby imbricating lamellae near periphery.
Internally. delthyrial supporting lamellae absent or weak in the apex of
pedicle valve: delthyrial carinae supporting hinge teeth of moderately
strength; ventral median septum high.
well developed and free from the carinae. Brachial valve bears no septum
apically: spiralium composed of about
6 volutions, apices of which being
normal to median axis and their antcr ior part spinose; jugum of a slenderband more or less zigzag, slightly arcuate ventrally and connecting primarycoils of spiralium ncar junction of
crura.
Sj)(:ries :-(1) No dental lamellae canbe recognised in t lwse forms such as
S. ye/wrai KonAYASJJJ and ToKUYAMA n.
sp., S. nasai ToKUYAMA n. sp., both from
Carnic of Japan; and S. sublilang('llsis(KRUMHECK) from Upper (?) Trias of

102

Akira ToKuv AMA

Timor. (2) Degenerated delthyrial supporting lamellae can be seen in theapex inS. avarica (BITTNER) from Anisicof Bakony etc., S. fortis from Carnic ofSouth Alps, S. subgriesbachi (KRuMBECK)
from Timor, and S. lilangensis (SToLiczKA) from Anisic of Himalaya.
Distribution:-l\liddle and Upper Trias; Japan, Timor, Himalaya and Alps.
Remarks:- As listed above, this genus
comprises two kinds with regard to
apical apparati. One group has no delthyrial supporting plates. but in I heother faint delthyrial lamellae arefound only in the apex. The former
is of l'vlentzelia QuENSTEDT type, and thelatter is of Palaeozoic Pwu:tospirijer orOdontospirijer type.
This genus resembles Spirijerina in its
brachidial part, especially in the simple
band of jugum and anteriorly pointed
coils. but can easily be distinguishedby its pseudopunctate shell and the degenerated apical apparatus of its pedicle valve. Superficially. this resembles
Mentzeliopsis TRECHMAN from the Triassic ot New Zealand, but may not be
related because the juga are apparently discrete and dental lamellae welldeveloped in the latter. The apicalapparatus of this genus is unique among
spiriferoids. According to the FREDERICKs (1927) and PAECKELMANN(1931), Wrinae delthyriales is one of the primitive
structure and not associated with theventral median septum; apical apparatus in 111entzelia is similar. although themedian septum in this is a true septum.
The writer is of opinion that the delthyrial carinae in this genus aredegenerated instead of primitive. The
well developed median septum anddelthyrial tianges are two of 1he i mportant characteristics of Punctospirifcr
NoRTH and Odontospirijer DuNnER (1955).
In them dental lamellae are developed

apically. but in the typical Spirijerinoides
there is no structure except "callosity ''-like thickning of test in the apex.
l'vloreover. there is no septum near theapex in the brachial valve.
These three features are important
specialities of the spiriferoid group.
Which one of them bears the greatest
importance for phylogenetical consideration is a fundamental problem. "VILLIAMs (1956), however. suggests the importance of calcareous secretion on theclassification of brachiopods. According to him spires and loops are preeminent characteristics of spiriferoids
and should have played an importantrole in their classification. The shellstructure is also highly evaluated in
the classification by some authors. It
is said that a certain genus comprises
both pseudopunctate and impunctate
shells (OPIK 1934, cited in CooPER 1956
and WILLIAMs 1956). The writer has atpresent no definite opinion, but tenta
tively takes in the brachidium superior to the shell structure. FREDERICKS(EllS) and PAECKEL~tANN (1931) laid special stress on the apical apparatus. but
it may not be so important for thisgenus because it comprises two kinds;
they probably show different steps ofdegeneration. Finally the writer is of
opinion that this genus is a derivativeof the Spiriferiniclae.

Spirijerinoides sakawa nus KonAv As Ill
and ToKUYAMA, new species.
Plate 17, Figures 1, 2 and Text-flgurc 2.
1931.

Spiriferina sakawana KoBAYASHI. jour.
Geol. Soc. Tokyo. vol. 38, p. 231 (listed).

Description:- Shell small, semiconicalplanoconvex and wider thanhigh, widest at a little anterior to::~lmost

103

On Some Upper Triassic Spiriferinoids from the Sakawa Basinhinge line. Pedicle valve convex. semiconical; a median sinus wide androunded; anterior lobe rounded but notdistinct; beak small, pointed and moreor less gibbous; area erect. fairly flattened. and faintly striated transversely.
Costae on lateral slope 5 in number.
distinct and subangular. most lateral
one weak, disappearing toward beak;lateral area or interspace bet ween mostlateral costae and areal edge narrow;

I

-~--

Measurement in mm.

-----

I_

cardinal extremity subangular. Brachial valve flattened; beak slightly
raised on hinge line; mesial fold welldeveloped rounded, and moderately
raised above general level of valve.
Surface of shell marked by a concentric imbricating lamellae of growth.
Test pseudopunctae; outer shell layer
covered with fine and rather crowded
tubular spinose projections (Fig. lf),
but inner layer is impunctate.

------!Iolytype (both valve)
Paratype (pedicle valve)
Para type (both valves)

Pedicle valve
Length

10. 5
9. 1
14. 5

1
I

V.ridthHeight7. sx2

7. l
6. 1

19. 0

- - - - -I

ObsertJafion:- Serial sections showthat the pedicle valve bears on delthyrial supporting plates, but a pair ofdelthyrial carinae below a faint apicalcallosity; median septum high and welldeveloped on the floor for about a thirdof the valve below the apex and ex-

Area

10. 6X2

1

Brach. v.l

Height J Length 1-4~2-1-~1-[
4. 9X2' 14. 5
4. 5
10. 3
5. 0
9. 3
I
9. 6X2Width---

tending to the level of the area near
the apex. The brachidial spires arelarge, coiling for 6 times and havetheir apices approximately normal tothe axis; their anterior portion isspinose. The jugum is a simple transverse band, more or less zigzag, arcuate

Text-fig. 2. Spiriferinoides sakawanus; serial section showing jugum.
first coil and delthyrial carinae; X2.

dorsally and connecting the primarylamellae of spires near their junction
with crura. which are triangular processes. and developed almost horizontally. Hinge plate is narrow; teeth ofmoderate strength (text-figure 2).
Externally, spines are not long andclearly seen m the shell surface but
indiscernible in the inner mould; theirdistribution is dense and irregular.
Comparison:- This resembles S. sublilangensis (KRuMBECK) from Timor; butdiffers in its weak dclthyrial supporting plates ncar apex and in its

Akira ToKUYA~IA

104

strongly projected anterior lobe; Kr<uMBECK'S brachial valve is more convex;
moreover ... tubercles" are radially arrenged on the shell surface. Superficially. this resembles :Vfen/zeliopsis spinosa
TRECIIM,\N from the Ladino-Carnic of
New Zealand. but it is easily distinguishable by its apical apparatus andjugum; the tubular spines are longer
in that than in this species.
Occurrence:- Common at Tokombo andNakajima in Kochigatani. and Shirnoyama in the Sakawa basin. Prov. Tosa.
in the Carnic Halobia- Tosapecten bed in
Kochigatani series. containing manyrhynchonellids and pelecypods.

Spirifrrinoides yeharai KoiiAYASIII

and ToKuYAMA, new species.
Plate 17, Figures 3-5.
- ~-~~
1I---

S/Jiriferina sp. YimARA.]. ]. G. G. 1•0/.
5, p. 28. fig. 12.
1931. Sp. yeharai KoBAYASl!l.]our. Ceo!. Soc.
Tokyo. vol. 38, p. 2:n (listed).
E128.

Description:- Shell
nearlyplanoconvex, 1.5 times wider 1han long; apicalangle obout 120 degrees; largest widthslightly anterior to hinge line. Median sinus of pedicle valve not broad;anterior lobe absent: !1-7 lateral costae
rounded. widely spaced, narrowing andweakening laterally; lateral one or two
costae disappear toward border ofnarrow lateral area; beak pointed andgibbous; area concave. not high, median 1/5 of which is occupied by delthyrial opening. Brachial valve flattened.
subcircular and provided with a median fold through its length; costae 6 to
7 strong and rounded. Imbricating lamellae and spines distinct near periphery.

---

I_

_
Perlicle v_a_Ivc_____Arca ___ ll3rac_h. v_. I
I
Measurement in mm.
- ·_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ Length : Widt~J_I_I:I_cight __\~idth _I Height_ Lengtl~_lHolotype (pedicle valve)
Paratype (ditto)
Paratype (both valYcs)-~--~~---------

Y. 5

15. 5

5. 6

12. 6

3. 5

10. ()

15. ~~G.S

G. ox2

5. 1

9 1

19. 0

fi. l

1·1. 5

4.5

10.. 3-~~~~-~-

Obsrrt~alioll :-The delthyrial supporting-plate in the pedicle valve is practically undeveloped; a pair of very weak
and short lamellae ncar the apex diverging forward an obtuse angle and detouched from the floor of the valve;
stout cardinal carinae connecting at
apical callosity; median septum on theshell floor as long as about a half of thevalve and extending in the level ofinterarea near the beak. No internal
character of the brachial valve isknown.
Imbricating lamellae ncar
periphery arc not so distinct as in thepreceding; pseuclo-exopunctac are often
seen in the other part and are impres-sions of " taleolae " (WILLIAMS, 1956).
A juvenile form bears 3 rounded costae on each lateral slope; the ratio of
its width to length in this specimen isnearly equal to that in the adult form.
Comparison:- Judged by the apical apparatus. shell structure and generaloutline, this species belongs decidedly
to Spiriferinoides. It is distinguishedfrom the typical form of the genus
by its less significant anterior lobe.
rounded and more widely spaced costae
and the broader outline from young
stages. Morcoyer, the ventral median
septum is longer in this than in thepreceding S. m•nrica (BITTNER) from

105

On Some Upper Triassic Spirifcrinoids from the Sakawa Basin

Anisic of South Alps. etc. is ano1 herally. but this is different in its weakerand narrower boundary costae.
Occurrence :-Common at Shimoyama.
Tokombo and Nakajima in tile Sakawa
basin. Tosa, in the Carnic Ilalobia- Tosapecten bed of the Kochigatani series.

Spirijerinoides nasai* ToKUYAMA,

ne\v species.
Plate 17. Figures 6. I ancl Text-figure :t

Description ·-Shell small. semiconicaland plano-convex.
1\lcdian sinus orpedicle valve wide, very shallow and

Text-lig. 3. Hinge plate of
Spiriferinoides nasai.

bearing a faint narrow mesial costa
on its anterior half: cardinal extremities broadly rounded; area triangular.
normally erected; lateral slope coveredby 4 subangular. narrow, but \Videly
spaced costae. Brachial valve slightly
convex. rounded trapezoidal, with 4
lateral costae and a faint mesial furrow.
Obsen,ation:-Internal moulds of apedicle and a brachial valve are fairly
well preserved. The apical apparatusof the pedicle valve (holotype) is sameas the preceding. Apically, the brachialvalve (paratype) bears a shallow andnarrow furrow. which divides musclar
impressions and turns into a mesial
projection in the posterior half of thevalve; hinge plate wide and long, witha pair of stout hinge sockets and trans''ersc grooves on both sides of the central triangular pit (text-figure 3).

\VidthHolotvpe (pedicle \'alvc)
Paratype (brachial Yalve)

12.6

i. 9

10.7

i. I

Comparison :-Although little is knownof the interior structure and shell texture. its outline and apical apparatus
suggest that this is congeneric withthe preceding.
The well developed
hinge plate as in this is unusual forthe genus; such a plate is. however,seen in .. Spirijerina " fragi!is ScnLOTH EIM
from Wi.irttemberg (BITTNER, 1890, pl. 35
tig. 3-1). although this can easily be
distinguished by its apical apparatus
and its shell substance.
Occurrence:- Rare at Kuromagari. Shimoyama in the Sakawa basin in Prov.

* This species is established in memoirof late Mr. T. :\AsA, who studied first on
the geology of the Sakawa basin in 1885.

I

I

Measurement in mm.

Lci~~·--H~i:-'~ ~~-5. 3

Wiclth of
area
9. 5

Tosa. in the Carnic Halobia-Tosapecten
bed of the Kochigatani series.
Hefercnces cited
BITTNER. A. (1890): Brachiopoden der AI·
pen Trias. Abha11dl. k. k. geol. R. A ..
IX!. 14.
CooPI·:R, G. A. (1956) : Chazyan and related
Brachiopods. pt. 1. Smithsonian _ltfisc.
Col. ml. 127.
DuNOI·:R, C. 0. (1955): Permian Brachiopod
Faunas of Central East Greenland. Jl.fed.
om Grtjmla11d Btl. 110.
FREDimJCKS. G. (1918): On the adaptationof the apical-apparatus subdivision to
the Brachinpod:t's classification. Amz.
Soc. l'a/. de Russie. Tom 2.
- - (19~7): Die /\pikalapparat der Brachiopode Testicardi ns. N. ]b. f. .Min. usw ..

106

Akira ToKUYAMA

Beil. &/. 57 B.
KoBAYASHI, T. (1931): On the Triassic Formations and two Klippen of Palaeozoic
Rocks in the Sakawa basin. Tosa, pl.
I. jour. Ceo/. Soc. japan, vol. 38.
- - et aL (1950): Triassic Stratigraphy ofjapan. Ceo/. Surv. japan, l?ept. SjJec.
Number.
NoRTH. F.]. (1920): On Syringothyris WIN·
CffELL. and certain Carboniferous Brach·iopoda referred to Spirijeri11a. (,J. }. G.
S., vol. 76.
PAECKI".MANN, W. (1931): Versuch eincr
zusammenfassendcn Systematik derSpiriferidae KING. N. ]b. f. ilfin. usw ..
Beil. &/. 67.
TRECIIMAN, C. T. (1917): The Trias of New
Zealand. (). ]. G. S .. vol. 73.
WANG, Y. (1955) : New genera of Brachia-

pods. Acta l'al. Sinica. vol. 3, No. 2.
WANNF.fl, ]. and KNIPSCIIEER, II. C. G.
(1951); Der Lias der Niefschlucht in
Ost·Seran (Molukken). EcltJgae Geo!ogi·
cae Ile/vetiae, Bd. 4•1.
WILLIAMS, A. (1956): The Calcareous shellof the Brachiopods and its lmpotancc
to their Classification. Bioi. Rev., vol.
31.

Y ABE, H. and SHIMIZU. S. (1927): The Triassic fauna of Rifu. ncar Sendai. Sci.
Rept. 1'ohoku Imp. U11iv., sec. 1/. vol. 11,
1\"o. 2.
YEHARA, S. (1929): Faunal and Stratigraphical Study of 1he Sakawa Basin. Shikoku.
japan. jour. Geol.. Geogr. vo/. 5.
ZuGMAYim. H. (lll82): Untersuchungen iiber
Rhfit ischer Hrachiopodcn.
lJeitr. Pal.
Osterreich-Ungarns usw .. Ed. 1.

Explanation of Plate 17
Figs. 1-2. Spiri/erilloides sakawanus KonAYASHI and ToKUYAMA, new species ............. p. 102
la-f: Holotype, external and internal mould of both valves; X 2 (except f); loc.
Tokombo. KoBAYASHI coli. a-d: views from ·I directions; a: brachial, b:
pedicle, c: areal and d: lateral view;f: enlarged external mould (X 5)showing impressions of taleolae.
2: Para type, internal mould. brachial view, showing apical apparatus; x 2; loc.
Nakajima.
Figs. 3-5: Spirijeri11oides yeharai KoBAYASHI and ToKUYAMA, new species ................ p. 104
3a-c: Paratppe, internal mould of both valves; X 2: loc. Nakajima.
•la-d: Ilolotypc, internal moul<.l of pedicle valve; X 2; Joe. Shimoyama.
5a-d: Paratype, internal mould of pedicle valve, partly keeps its shell; X 2; loc.
Kuromagari (?). KoBAYASHI coil.
Figs. 6-7: Spiriferinoides nasai ToKUYAMA, new species. .. ........................................ p. 105
6a-d: Ilolotype, internal mould of pedicle valve; X 2: loc. Kuromagari.
7: Paratype. internal mould of brachial valve; X 1: loc. Kuromagari. All KoBAYA·SJII coli.
Figs. 8-12: l'unctospirifer triadicus ToKUYAMA. new species.
. ................................. p. 100
8a-c: Ilolotype, pedicle valve; X 3; loc. Okunominetani.
9a, 10: Paratypes, pedicle valves, X 3: 9h; Punctation of shelL X 5: Joe. ditto.
11-12: Para types, brachial valves: X 3: loc. Okunominetani. All KoBAYASHI coli.
Figs. 13-16: Punctospirijer triadicus kashiwaiensis ToKUYAMA., new subspecies ............. p. 101
13: Paratype. brachial valve; X 2; Joe. Okunominetani. 1\.oBAYASIII coli.
14a, b: Paratype. brachial valve: X 2; Joe. Kashiwai.
15a. b: Parat}'pe, internal mould of pedicle Yalvc; X 2: Inc. Owarla·Horiake. KonAYASHI coli.
16a, b: llolotype. internal mould of pedicle valve; X 2; loc. Owada-Horiake.
All specimens illustrated here are preserved in the Geological Institute, University of Tokyo.

Plate 17

ToKUYAMA: Upper Triassic Spiriferinoids from Japan

16b

Sb

9a
7

15b

14b

11

1f

16a
12

UEKI Photo.

Trans. Proc. Palaeonl. Soc. Japan, N. S., No. 27, pp. 107-109, pl. 18, Sept. 30, 1957

323. SOME NOTES ON A RARE SPECIES TRICERATIUMSIMPLEX J. BRUN*WATAIW ICHIKAWA
Faculty of Science. Kanazawa University

fli:frftU~O)-fjli. 1'riceratimn simplex]. BRUN 1::"?\.'"C: 195Hf7 Rl::~~'rj'i:Q'O)it~'t';b"?

fdfr~~f*!\:i/•1?, ~9aJ<1Jl\fdG:ciO)tf,{,;f;;:~£{i~tt7';:, L i:.l~:it-"~fli;{rf'l1~0) 1 §\l;i:i:.;h,"t'(b~o~ft!INO>r,'li;f;;:1i:][l:l1!1~h- i'./~T <':.nil:.:C<1J
Triceratium fJtL'<t> IJ. L.il·'bllHIIO) Triceratium simplex

rti 11r

J. B1wN -em~.:c.iJ~vt~·"?'k,
I ntroduct.ion

I would like to put down my observations concerning this rare form.
I wish to express my thanks tor Mr.
II. SHIMBo, who has sent me the best
specimens in his collections.

Since 1954-1!155, I had an opportunity
for oilprospecting of the Tcikoku oil company,
and I made a special study of fossil
diatoms in the cores. But 1 did not
found a rare species of the above heading. In july 15, 1954, Mr. 11. SmMBo
who was an oil engineer at that time
sent me some unknown specimens collected from the core of the Iwata test
boring R-1. Thereafter, in July 9, 1956.
he again sent me same specimens. someof which arc collected from a core of
the lisuka-machi test boring R-1.
Such a form is rarely to be met with,in microorganisms of our country. so
to examine many boring cores

Geolngil~alConsideration

The geology of the Japanese oil fieldhas been discussed by many geologists.
and they have paid particular attention
to the occurrence of various sorts ofblack shale and mudstone. Some microfossils as diatoms. pollens, sponge
spicules. etc. broadly occur in thesemuddy beds.
~'lr. SHIMBo assigns that the age ofthese beds from which the specimens
were collected belongs to a period
from the Upper Miocene to the Lower
Pliocene. showing the following table:* Read Feb. 9. 1956; received Dec. 26.
1956.

Well

Depth

Iwata R-1
or
Lower part of Nishiyama formation I

391.50 m

Age

Formation, Member, Bed----- ------- -----------Hamatsuda alternation member

1

PlioceneIII, 1_____ - -

;

~--

1

----

_______ , ______

G

,
I

1

Miocene

i't

_____

Nunagawa beds
Iorltsuka-machi R-1 I

Upper part of Siiya formation
1
1 Tcradomari formationltsuka-machi R-1

I___ ____ l Nanatani formatio~-

107452.00 m

I 543.00 m

108\Vataru ICI!li<AWA

The Iwata test boring R-1 situateson the south-western vicinity of Nagaoka City. Niigata-prefect ure. The specimens are collected from part of the con·of 391.50 m in depth. which geologicallybelongs to the Hamatsucla alternation
member (or Lower part of Nishiyama
formation).
The Itsuka-machi test boring R-1 liesin the northern part of Uonuma-subprefecture. Niigata-prefecture. Some ofthese specimens were collected from acore of 452.00 m in depth. which belongs
to the Nunagawa beds (or Upper partof Siiya for mat ion). and the other wascollected from a core of 5·13.00 m indepth, ''ihich belongs to the Tcradornari
formation.
Generally speaking, the specimens are
frequently found in the Hamatsuda
member and the Nunagawa beds. But
in other places. they are only foundnear boundaries of each formation.
Descri ptiun

The outline of the frustulcs of diatoms
takes varied forms. Among them. triangular forms can be separated as one
group from all their allies. and it_ isalso distinguished by the absence of apseudonodules from them. Such a genus
is called Triceratium. To ascertain the----~----~-

true form and structure of the valve
requires a carefu-l examination, not onlyof living. but of fossil specimens. But
in some of fossil forms. true charactersof their skeleton can not easily be understood. I think it is almost the samewith the present case.
The form described here is perhaps
derived from the triangular form of theval\·e, and the thrce-lods radiating fromthe center of an equilateral triangle
well develop into the skeleton and theother part of the triangle waste away
into nothing(Pl. 18; figs. 5, fi). But in somespecimens. all parts of the triangle remain to the last (Pl. 18; figs. I. 2). If thetest is put back in its original form, it
will show a triangle form as the structure of the valve. The one side of thetriangular form measures 100 to 160 tt
in length.
This form also differs from othertriangular species except Triceratium
such as Sc/mtta ammlata (W"ALL.) DE
ToNI, Tri11acria regina HEm., and Fragi/aria construeus (EHR.) GRuN. var. e:rigua(W. S:o.IITH) ScHuLz. in absence of characteristic markings of its valve andsize of species.
This genus. as the name implies. ischaracterized by a triangular form of
its valve. and the markings on the valve
arc very important for determination

~-

-----

--

Explanation of Plate 18
Triceralium simplex J. BRUN
Figure 1. Triangular form ......... In the core of the Iwata R-1 (391.50 m).
Figure 2. Triangular form ......... In the core of the ltsuka-machi 1~-1 (543.00 m).
Figure 3. Intermediate form ...... ln the core of the Iwata R-1 (391.50 m).
Figure 4. Intermediate form ...... In the core of the Itsuka-machi R-1 (542.00 m).
Figure 5. Triple·hcadcd form ... rn the core of the Iwata R-1 (391.50 m).
Figure 6. Triple-headed form ... In the <.:ore of the Iwata R-1 (39l.SO m).
All specimens are preserved in the collection of Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University.

l c HrKAw A :Triceratium simplex

Plate 18

Some :t\otcs on a J~are Species Triceratium Shimplex J. BRUN

109

of species. In this case, the dim markings on the valve can not be confoundedwith any other. such as Tricemtium tripu!aris TEJ\IP. ct BRuN, and Triceratium
schlumbergeri TEMP. et BRu:-~. However,this form and Triceratium simplex J. BnuN
are so closely allied with each other.
that it is only too difficult to assign
precise characters to each by a verbal
description.

selves one after another according totheir forms. The dim markings on its
valve and the arrangement of the threelods in one plane show the form of
Triceratium simplex ]. BRuN.
I can not find such a form in otherpapers already published in our country.
and it is also true that the species isvery rarely to be met with in othercountries.

Conclusion

References

The species described here was foundin the period from the\Upper Miocene
to lhe Lower Pliocene in the Neogene
Tertiary of Japan.
j. BRuN and j.
TEMPERE first described 1i-iceratium simplex as Tres rare. showing a characteristic figure in their works. The species
in Japan reported in 1889 by them wasfound from Ca/caire de Yedo. But they
did not indicate its true locality inYedo and the geological age of the bed
where the species \Vas found. If theseveral specimens mentioned above had
not fallen into my hand. it would haveremained a question whether such a
triple-headed form ever belong to adiatom or not. But as Pl. 18 shows. these
specimens can easily arrange them-A. (1951-'55), Die Diatomem
von Schweden und Finn/and, I-V. Stockholm.
HUSTEDT. Fr. (1930). Die 1\ieselalgen Deutschlaml. Osterreiclrs und der Sclzweiz,"Dr. L.
Rabenhorst.~
KJyptogamen·
Ji'lora ". Bd. VII. Akad. Verlagsges.
Leipzig.
KAJ~STEN, G. (1928). Baciflariophyta., Engler,
Prantl ..Nat. Pjla.·Fam. 2. Auj[. Bd. 2.
Leipzig.
lh:uRCK. I-1. van (1899), 1'raiU des Diatomces.
Anvcrs.
BRUN. ]. et TEMPEI~E. ]. (1889), Diatomces
Fossiles du ]apon, Genevc.
ErmEN!lERC:, C. G. (185·1). Afikrogeologie.
Leipzig.
SMITH, W. (1853-'56),
A Synopsis of the
British Dialomaceae. Vol. I-II. London.
CLEVE-EULER,

110

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF JAPANr o*i!i~~$~ttJ 66 @itl~J 1957 ~f. 6 /115 n
f:J::m:f:!'j!!tz;r.tr~m~tx~l;::~~,.,-cnntlli L-t-:: c~ ~:x·
20 -'t). #lJ~f::1tHt.:;, at/Ji!it1f :JEr.H:.~ill£ f8i l'l f"i~
C:Oii'li~ "Cit>Q.

I. fj;UlilbfEIZ:1iNtQ Miogypsilla kotoi C:Ot;fiP.¥.

ng c -t-o.:>itl!f'( ~ftljjlfi .................. #'.1: jl;
2. =f~!JiH·~ ~1110 ::H•·AH'-:E'RifK-::>1t•""C( ft~) ....................................... illlil%\f:t::::3. {Ill t; f,j-jl(rfttlf!Ui Pcctinidae. pt. 10,
Pecten (Chlamys) crassivenia YoKoYAMA
IZ:-::>1t•""C (ft~) ........................ itlffi*=-lm
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pt. 11. Pecie11 (Aequipecien))'01/0gawaeusis NOMURA & JIMBO !;::-::>'It•""( (ft~) ................................. 4"/lfl~-C!i
5. fi'i1.1: pt. 12, Pecten (PatitiOfJecten ?)kagamianus YoKOYAMA 1;::-:::>t,.•""( (ftii-;1:)............................................... 4'?m~-ll6
6. Invalid Names of Japanese Molluscs

CM) .................................... ···*ill tt
7. On some Cephalapsid Opisthobranchia
from the Japanese Miocene ................. .
...................................... junji lTOIGAWA
8. Species of the genus Nepttmea from the
Palaeogene Formation in the Kushiro
Coal Field, Hokkaido, Japan (f\':J~) ..... .
.................................... Masaru MATSUI
9. On the Ptcrotrigoniinae (ft;'l;l:) ........... .
.. .Teiichi KoBAYASIII & Mitsuo NAKANO

10. Liassic Gerl>illia and lsognomon in japan(fti!)l;) .............................. Itaru IIAYAMI
11. Liassic Volsella. 111ytilus and some otherdysodont species in japan ( ftlf!t!) ....... ..
....................................... Itaru HAYAMI
12. Geological Horizon of Carcinop/ax anti·qua (RISTOR!) (ft3';l!) ...... Rikizo IMAIZUMI
13. Noles on Two Devonian Trilobites inJapan (ftil!) ............ Tciichi KoBAYASHI
14. i!f~W:"f~t~~,;),tnAIIH~o.:>lF£ Cf~~) ......

.................................................. m*'J'~Jt.
15. On the Occurrence of Cercis in japan.......................................... Keiji SuzuKI
16. New Neogene species of P/atonus fromJapan ................................. Keiji- SUZUKI
17. :9~~[l]iilli](iR.~ ~:9~~ Plit:O Fagaceae
f'-l:i .......................................... JfJf£1-:W
18. :93lU~fil\l!fiktRWti!l\~ 5Jk/f1 jjtc;o ]uglandaceac {!:.E .................................... §r.n!-JJ
ill.:9~~m~*tR•~:9~~•o.:>•~m~:u.. ................................................ jJi[illl-JJ
20. S*i!im=:fe Liquidambar K-::>lr•""C ......

.................................................. ifi!h\1-._lij
21. 1111=1 WUl~21CM4tft.£ ( .:t-(7) 1) .......... ..

.. .............................

··~-.J:J.

~D%~~1m

22. Sahalites aus dcr Wakata Formation vonTsushima, Nordkyushu (ft~) ........... .
.............................. Kiyoshi TAKAHASIII

19571F9J]25H
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