Journal of Global Resources

Volume 5 (01)January 2019
ISSN: 2395-3160 (Print), 2455-2445 (Online)

Page 61-66

07
DETERMINATION OF LIVESTOCK COMBINATION STATUS THROUGH DOI’S METHOD:
USING GIS PLATFORM IN TAMIL NADU RIVER BASINS, INDIA
Dayalan N.
Guest Lecture, Department of Geography, Periyar E.V.R College (A),Trichirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
Email: geodayalan89@gmail.com

Abstract: For national economic development, livestock is one of the essential factors in thestudy area. Description of the varieties of livestock in study area for analysis plays a major rolein both regional and economic geography. Yet, apart from purely impressionistic descriptions,studies in the geography of agriculture have largely been concerned with individual classes of
livestock, rather than with the complex livestock they are part. Livestock provide many benefitsof meat, milk, eggs, thighs, wool, fertilizer products and agricultural power. The importance of
livestock breeding for poor farmers provides fixed income for poor livestock growers due to thelarge number of restrictions in the study area. Tamil Nadu, the highly developing and largest
state in India, has been selected as study area. The river basins of Tamil Nadu were divided
into 17 major rivers. The livestock data of river basins in Tamil Nadu were collected from TamilNadu Statistical Department. The obtained data was tabulated using MS-Excel and SPSS andranked based upon their distribution. Using Doi’s An Abridged of Deviation Analysis method,
the livestock combination at the study area was calculated. It is used to determine the actual
percentages of livestock animals at different river basin regions in the Tamil Nadu. Using GISsoftware ARC GIS 10.1, the thematic maps for the study area are prepared. The livestock
combination method of regional planning of future livestock can be used to propose livestock
combination which is used to understand the revenue obtained at that environment.
Key words: Livestock, Cattle, Sheep, Doi’s, GIS, Thematic Map.
Introduction
The production of both crops and livestock in the same farm undoubtedly is more common than
the raising of either livestock alone. Livestock keeping in the River Basin contributes greatly tohuman security, income, culture and agricultural gross domestic product (GDP). Inappropriate
livestock management uses excessive water and causes water and land degradation. The
farmers depend upon the livestock activities from non-cultivated time. Livestock-waterinteractions are complex, not well understood, and often ignored in agricultural waterdevelopment. This results in loss of opportunities to achieve sustainable and higher investment
returns. Typically, livestock management also ignores important livestock-water issues. This
lack of integration creates knowledge gaps resulting in inefficient and inequitable use of water
resources. The importance of livestock breeding for poor farmers does not provide sustainable
income for poor livestock growers due to enormous controls in the study area. The crop
combination regions have been studied time and again by geographers and agricultural landuse planners. But such evidences for 1ivestock combination regions are almost non-existentexcept Singh (1976) studied the livestock combination different approaches are generally
applied for Haryana on the theoretical basis. Two regions for delineation of crop combination
regions based on arbitrary choice of crops etc. first crop only, first two crops only, first threecrops etc. and development of crop combination regions in terms of variables based on some61

theoretical techniques which are considered to be more accurate, scientific and widelyacceptable. In this paper, an attempt has been made to delineate the 1ivestock combination
regions in Tamil Nadu Cauvery basin based on the statistical and GIS approach identifying thegroup of significant functions.
Geographical set up
The Tamil Nadu is one of the progressive & largest states in India, is located between 8 º 07' to13 º 56' N latitudes and 78 º 23' to 80 º 33' E longitudes with total geographical area of 130,058
Km2 (Fig. 1). The river basins in Tamil Nadu are grouped into 17 major river basins as furnished
Chennai Basin, Palar, Varahanadhi, Ponnaiyaar, Vellar, Paravanar, Cauvery, Agniyar, Pambar
and Kottakaraiyar, Vaigai, Gundar, Vaippar, Kallar, Thambaraparani, Nambiyar, Kodaiyar andParambikulam Aliyar. The temperature of the region range between 18.32oC in the month ofJanuary and 36.42o C in the month of April. The upland gradient slope gradually decreases
west to east. Thus, agriculture directly or indirectly, remains as an important component of thelivelihood Livestock production which contributes the highest share to the Tamil Nadu
agricultural GDP, mainly through meat, milk, eggs, wool, hides and skins. Livestock play a vitalrole adding to stability of farm incomes, food security and farming systems. In Tamil Nadu Large
chunk of population is engaged in agriculture activities. Agriculture continues to be the prime
mover of the State economy supporting 56 percent of the population.
Figure 1: Study Area

Method and MaterialsThe present study is based on the secondary sources of current research data. It will becollected to the entire state and access to the Tamil Nadu river basin region wise based on thelatest administrative set up. The Statistical Handbook of Tamil Nadu is considered as the main
source of the data. Livestock related statistics has been also obtained from diverse sources.
The secondary type of most of the data used this study. Using the ARC GIS 10.1 GIS software
is analysed for the digitization and boundary generation of the selected area and using livestock
data prepared thematic maps. Successfully used to MS-Excel and SPSS for tabulate andprocessing such large amount of statistics. The objective of the study is to analyse Livestock
62

grow in all 17 River Basins in Tamil Nadu. Read livestock inequality in all the river basin of TamilNadu. Policy options for improving the productivity of livestock in the herd.
Livestock Ranking
The percentage livestock of Tamil Nadu River Basin area from ranking first to five, are given in
figure 2.
Figure 2: Livestock Ranking in Tamil Nadu

Source: Compiled by author based on G – Return data (2015-2016) of Tamil Nadu Statistical Handbook.

First Rank livestock: The first rank of 2 livestock growing in the study area like Cattle andGoats livestock. This livestock occupying the highest percentage of total livestock area in eachof the component areal units could be chosen, no matter what percentage it occupies in thegross First Rank Livestock: The first rank of 2 livestock growing in the study area like Cattle andGoats livestock. With the help of this method, the distribution rank of first rank livestock’s wasdetermined. It may be noticed from figure 2 that cattle and goats rank first in 09 and 08 regions
are the leading livestock in study area. In the present study area, where monoculture isprevalent with no general diversify in their livestock patterns, there is no merit in the livestock
combinations as it helps in ascertaining the areas of dominance of the first rank livestock. (Fig.
2)
Second Rank Livestock: On the basis of Second ranking Livestock, three types livestock is
dominated by research areas like Goats, Sheep’s and cattle. Goats is living in Chennai Basin,
Palar, Varahanadhi, Ponnaiyaar, Vellar, Paravanar, Cauver, Agniyar, Pambar andKottakaraiyar. The Vaigai, Gundar, Vaippar, Kallar, Thambaraparani, Nambiyar andParambikulam Aliyar river basin are Growing in the Sheep Population. Cattle is occupied in
Kodaiyar river basin. (Fig. 2).
Third Rank Livestock: Third livestock dominated in three livestock from the study area. The
sheep’s occupied in Chennai Basin, Palar, Varahanadhi, Ponnaiyaar, Vellar, Paravanar,Cauver, Agniyar, Pambar and Kottakaraiyar Northern part of Study area. Cattle are found inVaigai, Gundar, Vaippar, Kallar, Thambaraparani, Nambiyar river basin. Pigs occupied in
Kodaiyar river basin. (Fig.2).

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Fourth Rank Livestock: In the fourth rank estimate, there were two livestock from the study
area. It is Buffaloes and Pigs. (Fig.2).
Fifth Rank Livestock: The fifth arrays of three livestock dominated the study area. It is pigs,Buffaloes and Sheep. (Fig.2).
Livestock Combination (Doi’s Method)
Weaver’s techniques were subsequently modified by Doi’s 1959. Doi’s techniques used to beconsidered to be the easiest for combination analysis prior to the application of computer
programming facilities. Doi’s Deviation Analysis Table was followed in working out actual
percentages under different livestock in the Tamil Nadu River basin. Ranking of livestock percent and cumulative percentage are as shown the Doi’s An Abridged of Deviation Analysis
Table value find out livestock combination. The Doi’s formula may be expressed as:
Doi’s livestock Combination Formula =∑This technique shows that higher ranking crops have high percentage (above 10 per cent), thelower ranking element with less than 5 percent which are usually excluded from thecombination. This technique is most profitably applied to such a situation as is found in thelivestock combination in which interrelationship exists between the component combinations.
Using this technique, industries which has cumulative percentage is less than 50 are included incombination; or the critical value for all the livestock’s at different ranks against 50 in Zero. Itwas found that an individual livestock having 70 percentage and above of the total area in aregion constitutes monoculture and other livestock do not find any position in the livestock
combination because of their insignificant livestock occupancy status. Thereafter, it iscomfortable to decide about the Predominant: 70 to 50 percentages, Dominant: 30 to under 50
Percentage, Major: 15 to under 30 Percentage, Secondary: 5 to under 15 percentage, Minor:
under 5 percentage (Fig. 3).
Figure 3: Doi’s livestock Combination Method64

In this method, the first ranking livestock occupied the highest percentage of the total livestock
in district wise. It may be noticed from figure 3 that cattle, Goat, sheep, buffaloes and pigs are
the leading livestock in Tamil Nadu river basin.
Predominant and Single Livestock Combination
It was found that an individual livestock having the 70 to 50 percentages, and above of the total
area in a region. Predominant are occupied by the largest percentage of total livestock’s inPalar, Varahanadhi, Kodaiyar and Ponnaiyaar river basins. It comes out of the four regions ofthe study area in the 17th regions. The Palar, Varahanadhi and Ponnaiyaar region widely
occupied in Cattle’s and Kodaiyar river basin occupied in Goat as it spreads widely in the study
area of good irrigation and widespread climate. The livestock diversification is low in thisregion. Therefore, this method helps the livestock’s to determine the dominant areas of theregion in the area of the study area.
Dominant and First Two Livestock Combination
It was found that an individual livestock will have 30 - 50 % and above. Total area percentage
in a region is known as Dominant livestock combination. Dominant livestock combination areoccupied by the largest percentage of total livestock’s in Chennai Basin, Vellar, Paravanar,Cauvery, Agniyar, Pambar
and Kottakaraiyar, Vaigai, Gundar , Vaippar, Kallar,Thambaraparani, Nambiyar and PAP at 17 regions in the area emerges in 14th regions at study
area. These Dominant livestock combine the two livestock combination.
Based on the Dominant livestock groups occupied in first two livestock combination,
seven livestock categories can be identified in the Tamil Nadu river basin. The resulting
livestock combinations present have been shown in the figure 2. The relative strength of thefirst two livestock combination is cattle- goat at six regions and sheep- goat in seven regions.
Cattle, goat and sheep are important livestock combination. Hence, river basin areas are withlivestock combination region at suitable climate, good irrigation, low livestock diversification andfarmers. So, livestock growth and increased production in study area are major findings.
Conclusions
River basins in Tamil Nadu are grouped into 17 major river basins as furnished Chennai Basin,Palar, Varahanadhi, Ponnaiyaar, Vellar, Paravanar, Cauvery, Agniyar, Pambar andKottakaraiyar, Vaigai, Gundar, Vaippar, Kallar, Thambaraparani, Nambiyar, Kodaiyar andParambikulam Aliyar. In the study area, one or two livestock combinations were studied.
Predominant and monoculture livestock are present in the four regions out of 17 regions and its
diversification was low.
Palar, Varahanadhi and Ponnaiyaar river basins were widelydistributed with cattle, which is part of the dry land and non-perennial river flowing regions. First
two livestock’s combinations are cattle- goat at six regions (Chennai Basin, Vellar, Paravanar,Cauvery, Parambikulam Aliyar and Agniyar) and sheep - goat is seven regions (Vaigai, Gundar,Vaippar, Kallar, Thambaraparani, Nambiyar and Kodaiyar) in 13 territories. Adequate terrain,climate, water and vegetation type increases the livestock population and balances its growth.
Livestock combination method of regional planning of future livestock can be used to propose
and to understand the revenue of the study area.
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