ISSN 003 1-0204

Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
N ew Seri es

No.

168

Pal aeontologica l Societj of Ja pa n
December 30, 1992

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Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 168, pp. 1265-1295, 12 Figs., December 30, 1992

944.

PERMIAN FORAMINIFERS FROM THE TAKAKURAYAMAGROUP OF THE SOUTHERN ABUKUMA MOUNTAINS,NORTHEAST JAPAN*
KA TSUMI UENO
Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305

Abstract. Permian foraminifers are abundantly discriminated from the limestone
pebbles and matrix of the conglomerate member in the Motomura Formation of the
Takakurayama Group distributed in the southern Abukuma Mountains. Based on microfacies and fossil contents, these limestone pebbles are classified into five types, denoted
Types la, Ib, Ie, lIa and lIb. Type I pebbles contain Toriyamaia laxiseptata Kanmera,
Minojapanella (M.) elongata Fujimoto and Kanuma, Chalaroschwagerina vulgaris (Schellwien), Pseudofusulina fusi/ormis (Schellwien), and Misellina (Brevaxina) sp., and areconsidered to be of Yakhtashian to early Bolorian age. Type lIa pebbles yield Yangchenia
cf. iniqua Lee, Pseudodoliolina cf. ozawai Yabe and Hanzawa, and P. aff. pseudolepida(Deprat), and are surely referable to an early Murgabian age. Type lIb pebbles contain
Wutuella cf. wutuensis (Kuo), Minojapanella (M.) parl'a Sheng, and Lantschichites ? sp.,and are considered to be of late Murgabian age. Colania sp., indicative of a late Murgabianage, occurs in the matrix of the conglomerate. Fusulinaceans in the Type lIb pebbles andmatrix indicate a geologic age of, at least, the Motomura Formation. Judging from stratigraphic and paleontologic evidence in the Iriishikura and Kashiwadaira Formations, theTakakurayama Group, as a whole, seems to be correlated with the late Middle Permian (lateMurgabian). In this paper, 19 species of foraminifers including one new genus, Quasireichelina, and four new species, Codonofusiella abukumaensis, Dunbarula planata, Quasireichelina expansa, and Neodiscus mirabilis, are described.
Key words. Abukuma Mountains, limestone pebble, Motomura Formation, Murgabian, Permian foraminifer, Takakurayama Group.

(1967) and O'hara et al. (1976) reported Early
Permian fusulinaceans, which are very close
to those known in the Sakamotozawa Formation of the Southern Kitakami Mountains.
However, the evidence they provide is toopoor to discuss the geologic age of the Takakurayama Group, because they were all
obtained from the limestone pebbles of theconglomerate member in the Motomura Formation.
During the course of my graduation study
on the geology and paleontology of the
Takakurayama-Yaguki area, I obtained richmaterials of Early and Middle Permian foraminifers from the limestone pebbles andIntroduction

In the Abukuma Mountains of northeast
Japan, paleontologic information concerning
fusulinaceans is still poor as compared with
the Kitakami Mountains. In this region, thePermian fusulinaceans have been reported
only from the Uwano and Oashi Formationsin the Soma area and the Motomura Formation in the Takakurayama area (Toriyama,1967).
The Takakurayama area is about 10 km
north of Taira (Figure I). Yanagisawa'Received September 30, 1991; accepted August 17,
1992
1265

944.

1266

Permian foraminifers from Abukuma Mountains.•"• Yaguki
Mine

r-

'

o Hisanohama

Takakurayama
area
Kusano
o

Taira

o

5km

1_

-

Pacific

D

Ocean

I
Figure 1. Index map of the Takakurayama area.

matrix of the conglomerate member in theMotomura Formation of the Takakurayama
Group. I list and illustrate these foraminifers herein with the description of someinteresting foraminifers.
Geologic summary
The Takakurayama Group was first
introduced by Yanagisawa and Nemoto(1961) for non-metamorphic Paleozoic strata
in this area, and was subdivided into threeformations; the Iriishikura, Motomura, andKashiwadaira in ascending order. Subsequently, Yanagisawa (1967) reported richshallow-marine invertebrate fossils from several horizons in the Takakurayama Groupand concluded that the group correlates with
the Early to Middle Permian.

As shown in Figure 2, the Takakurayama
Group is a small block in fault contact withthe granite in the northeast and with the
Quaternary deposit in the southwest. In thewestern part of the surveyed area, the Takakurayama Group is in contact with the intrusion of porphyrite. In the eastern part, on
the contrary, the Takakurayama Group is
widely overlain unconformably by theCretaceous Futaba Group. The Takakurayama Group is divided into the following
three formations in ascending order; thestrata strike NlOo-50oE and dip 30o-60 oNW,
and are in normal order.
Iriishikura Formation The Iriishik ura F ormation, about 200 m in maximum thickness,consists mainly of black shale with a subordinate amount of sandstone and fine-grained
conglomerate. The lower boundary was not

Figure 2. Geological map of the Takakurayama area. 1-3. Takakurayama Group, 1: Iriishikura
Formation, 2: Motomura Formation, 3: Kashiwadaira Formation, 4: Futaba Group (Cretaceous), 5:
Quaternary, 6: metamorphic rock, 7: granite, 8: porphyrite, 9: serpentinite, 10: fault (a: confirmed, b:
assumed), 11: dip and strike, 12: fossil locality studied herein.
~Katsumi Vena

~ 1

D 2

3

Lill2ill 4

~ 5
000

III 6
t+ ++1 7

~ 8

I~I 9

a ___
b-- __

;/

*

10

1267

N

1268

944.

Permian foraminifers from Abukuma Mountains

examined because of the covering by theCretaceous Futaba Group. Yanagisawa(1967) reported Bellerophon sp. and Paraceltites aff. elegans Girty from the upper
part of this formation.
Motomura Formation This formation conformably overlies the Iriishikura Formation.
The total thickness is about 70 to 160 m. It
consists of conglomerate, sandstone, andsandstone with a minor intercalation of blackshale from the base upward. The conglomerate member is about 45 m thick in the northern part of the surveyed area, and becomesthinner and finer-grained to the south. This
conglomerate is mainly composed of wellrounded pebbles of sandstone, black shale,chert, limestone, and andesite. The matrix is
calcareous, poorly sorted, and composed of
medium- to coarse-grained sandstone.
Yanagisawa (1967) and O'hara et al. (1976)
reported such Early Permian fusulinaceans as
Chalaroschwagerina vulgaris (Schellwien),
Pseudofusulina fusiformis (Schellwien), P.
ambigua (Deprat), Nagatoella minatoi Kanmera, Toriyamaia laxiseptata Kanmera, andNankinella kawadai (Igo) from the limestone
pebbles in the conglomerate member.
Kashiwadaira Formation The Kashiwadaira
Formation is in conformable contact with theMotomura Formation and attains about 760
m in maximum thickness. It is composed ofblack shale and alternating beds of blackshale and sandstone in the lower part, andmainly of black shale with a subordinate
amount of sandstone in the upper part. The
upper limit is not confirmed in the field
because of the poor exposure, but is probably
in contact with the porphyrite intrusion.
Hayasaka (1957,1965) once described theearly Guadalupian (Socio Stage) cephalopods including Tainoceras abukumaense Hayasaka, Tylonautilus permicus
Hayasaka, T. aff. unklesbayi Miller andYoungquist, Paraceltites aff. elegans Girty,
Agathiceras cf. suessi Gemmellaro, Stacheoceras aff. grunwaldti Gemmellaro,
Waagenoceras cf. dieneri richardsoni Miller

and Furnish from the middle part of thisformation. Yanagisawa (1967) also described rich shallow marine invertebrates,
such as brachiopods, pelecypods, gastropods,
and cephalopods from several horizons.
Foraminiferal fauna and geologic age

As shown in Table 1, 74 taxa of Permian
foraminifers including one new genus,
Quasireichelina, and four new species,
Codonofusiella abukumaensis, Dunbarulaplanata, Quasireichelina expansa, andNeodiscus mirabilis, were identified from several localities of the conglomerate member inthe lower part of the Motomura Formation(Figure 2). Most of them were found fromthe limestone pebbles contained in the conglomerate. On the basis of microfacies andfossil contents, they are classified into five
types as shown in Table 2.
Type I pebbles are pure limestone without
detrital or volcanoclastic materials, and arefurther subdivided into three types, namely
Type la, Type Ib, and Type Ic based on
microfacies. Type la limestone pebbles arelight gray algae-foraminiferal grainstone, andmost abundant among the limestone pebbles
in the conglomerate. They contain Chalaroschwagerina vulgaris (Schellwien),
Pseudofusulina fusiformis (Schellwien), Toriyamaia laxiseptata Kanmera, Mesoschubertella aff. thompsoni Sakagami, Minojapanella(M.) elongata Fujimoto and Kanuma, andothers. This fusulinacean fauna is very close
to that reported from the Sakamotozawa
Formation of the Southern Kitakami Mountains, and most probably to that in the Sc and
Sd members by Kanmera and Mikami (1965).
It is considered to be of early Yakhtashianage.
Type Ib limestone pebbles are light graycrinoid-foraminiferal grainstone. The
fusulinacean fauna includes Chalaroschwagerina vulgaris (Schellwien),
Pseudofusulina sp., Parafusulina? sp., andSchubertella cf. simplex Lange, and is consid-

Katsumi Ueno
Table 1.

1269

List of foraminifers from the Motomura Formation.
Type I

Type IIFUSULINACEANSab

Yangchenia cf. iniqua Lee
Schubertella irumensis (Huzimoto)S. cf. simplex Lange
S. sp. A
S. sp. B
S.? sp. C
Mesoschubertella aff. thompsoni Sakagami
Neofusulinella sp.
Minojapanella (M.) elongata Fujimoto &KanumaM. (M.) parva Sheng
Wutuella cf. wutuensis (Kuo)
Codonofusiella abukumaensis. sp. nov.
C. sp.
Dunbarula planata. sp. nov.
D. sp. A
D. sp. B
Lantschichites ? sp.
Chalaroschwagerina vulgaris (Schellwien)
Pseudofusulina fusiformis (Schellwien)
P. cf. exigua (Schellwien)
P. cf. houziguanica Sheng
P. sp. A
P. sp. B
P. spp.
Chusenella sp.
Parafllsulina ? sp.
Nankinella kawadai ([go)
N. spp.
Quasireichelina expansa, gen. et sp. nov.
Misellina (Brevaxina) sp.
Pseudodoliolina cf. ozawai Yabe & Hanzawa
P. alf. pseudolepida (Deprat)acRauserella ? sp.
Toriyamaia laxiseptata Kanmera
Biwaella sp.

Type IMba+

Tuberitina spp.
Eotuberitina spp.
Ammover/ella sp.
Glomospira sp.
Ammodiscus? sp.
Spiroplectammina spp.
Globivalvulina spp.
Tetrataxis sp. A
T. sp. B
T. sp. C
T. sp. D
T. spp.

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

Polytaxis sp.

++

Climacammina lenuis Lin
C. sp. A+

C. sp. B+

C. sp. C+++

Deckerella spp.
Lasiodiscus spp.
Langella spp.
Pachyphloia ovata Lange
P. spp.
Neoendothyra reicheli Reitlinger
N. spp.

+
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ + + + +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

P. sp.
Colania sp.

Neohemigordius ? sp.
Involutinidae gen. et sp. inde!. A[nvolutinidae gen. et sp. inde!. B

Agathammina magna Xia &Zhang
A. sp. A++

Type IISMALLER FORAMINIFERS

A. spp.
Multidiscus sp.
Neodiscus ovata (Grozdilova)
N. mirabilis, sp. nov.
N. sp. A
N. spp.
Nodosaria? sp.
Ichthyolaria? sp.

b

c

a

b

+ + +
+ + +
+
+

+

+
+ +
+
+

+
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
+ + +
+
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

+

+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+

M: Matrix

ered to be of Yakhtashian age.
Type Ic limestone pebbles are dark grayalgae-foraminiferal wackestone and contain
Pseudofusulina fusiformis (Schellwien), P. cf.
houziguanica Sheng, Chusenella sp., Nankin ella kawadai (Igo), Misellina (Brevaxina)
sp., and others. These fusulinaceans areindicative of early Bolorian age.
Type II limestone pebbles are, on the contrary, impure limestone with a small amountof volcanoclastic materials, and are further
subdivided into two types, Type IIa and TypelIb. Type IIa limestone pebbles are black
crinoid-algae-foraminiferal grainstone and

944.

1270

Permian foraminifers from Abukuma Mountains

Table 2. Classification of limestone pebbles from the conglomerate member in the Motomura Formation.
TYPE ITYPE II

pure limestone
without detrital or volcanoclastic material

impure limestone
with volcanoclastic material

a

b

c

a

b

light gray algaeforaminiferal
grainstone

light gray crinoidforaminiferal
grainstone

dark gray algaeforaminiferal
wackestoneblack
crinoid-algaeforaminiferal
grainstone

black crinoidal
grainstone

early Yakhtashian

Yakhtashianearly Bolorian

early Murgabianlate Murgabiancontain Yangchenia cf. In/qua Lee,
Codonofusiella abukumaensis, sp. nov., Dunbarula planata, sp. nov., Quasireichelina
expansa, gen. et sp. nov., Pseudodoliolina cf.
ozawai Yabe and Hanzawa, P. aff. pseudolepida (Deprat), and others. Yangchenia in iqua Lee was reported from the upper part of
the Chihsia Limestone (Cancellina Zone) inSouth China (Sheng, 1963). However,Leven (1967) described this species from the
Kubergandian and also from the lower partof the Murgabian (Neoschwagerina simplex
Zone) of the Pamirs. The genus Codonofusiella flourished in the early Late Permian,
but some species occur from the upper part of
the Middle Permian (Toriyama, 1971).
Pseudodoliolina ozawai Yabe and Hanzawa
is common in the Murgabian and its equivalents in the Tethyan province (Leven, 1980
and others). From the discussion mentioned
above, this fusulinacean fauna is considered
to be of early Murgabian age.
Type lIb limestone pebbles are black
crinoidal grainstone. They contain Minojapanella (M.) parva Sheng, Wutuella cf.
wutuensis (Kuo), Lantschichites? sp., andothers. The first species was originally described from the upper part of the Maokou
Limestone (Sheng, 1963), the second one wasalso reported from the same horizon (Sheng,1963), and from the upper part of the Murgabian (Leven, 1967). The fusulinacean

fauna, therefore, is referable to the late Murgabian.
Besides the above-mentioned fusulinaceansfrom several types of limestone pebbles,
Colania sp. and Pseudodoliolina sp. were
found from the matrix of the conglomerate in
the Motomura Formation. The genus
Colania is considered to be a good indicatorof late Murgabian age (Ozawa, 1970 andothers).
Concerning the geologic age of the Takakurayama Group, Hayasaka (1957, 1965) correlated it, as a whole, with the Socio Stage,
which is almost equivalent to the early Murgabian. Later, Yanagisawa (1967) considered that the Takakurayama Group correlateswith the Sakamotozawa and Kanokura Formations of the Southern Kitakami Mountains, based on paleontologic evidence
afforded by fusulinaceans, brachiopods, cephalopods, and pelecypods, and assigned to
the Early to Middle Permian. He alsostressed that the occurrence of Pseudofusulina
cf. ambigua (Deprat), P. cf. fusiformis (Schellwien), and Chalaroschwagerina cf. vulgaris(Schellwien) is important because they arequite similar to those observed in the
Sakamotozawa Formation. This fusulinacean fauna is almost identical with that in
Type Ia limestone pebbles in this study.
However, it is evident that these fusulinaceans
do not indicate the geologic age of the Taka-K atsumi Veno
kurayama Group directly, because they are all
obtained from the limestone pebbles of theconglomerate member. In fact, there exist
late Murgabian fusulinaceans both in theType lIb limestone pebbles and the matrix ofthe conglomerate member in the Motomura
Formation. This is in conflict with Yanagisawa's (1967) conclusion that the Motomura
Formation correlates with the Early Permian.
From the discussion mentioned above, theMotomura Formation, at least, correlateswith the late Murgabian. Moreover, it isprobable that the Takakurayama Group as awhole, is of late Murgabian age, based not
only on paleontologic evidence by cephalopods from the Iriishikura and Kashiwadaira Formations, but also on thestratigraphic ground that the Takakurayama
Group is considered to be a single stratigraphic succession (Hayasaka, 1965 and others).

Systematic description
All specimens identified in this paper aredeposited in the collection of Institute of
Geoscience, the University of Tsukuba(lGUT).
Order Foraminiferida Eichwald, 1830
Suborder Fusulinina Wedekind, 1937
Superfamily Fusulinacea
von Moller, 1878
Family Schubertellidae Skinner, 1931
Subfamily Yangcheninae Leven, 1987
Genus Yangchenia Lee, 1933

Remarks. - As has been already confirmed
by Leven (1987), the genus Yangchenia is nota scant survivor of the subfamily Fusulinellinae in Middle Permian time but is anoffshoot of the family Schubertellidae.
Yangchenia cf. iniqua Lee, 1933
Figures 6-1 - 3

Compare.Yangchenia iniqua Lee, 1933, p. 14, pI. 1, figs. 1, 1a ;1271

Chen, 1934, p. 18-19, pI. 1, figs. 8-9 (same as pI.
1, figs. 1, la of Lee, 1933, p. 14); Thompson,
1935, pI. 17, figs. 3-4 (same as pI. 1, figs. 1, 1a of
Lee, 1933, p. 14); Thompson, 1948, pI. 5, figs. 12 (same as pI. 1, figs. 1, 1a of Lee, 1933, p. 14);
Sheng, 1963, p. 38-39, 163, pI. 4, figs. 30-35 ;Thompson, 1964, figs. 313-1 a - b (same as pI. 1,
figs. 1, 1a of Lee, 1933, p. 14); Sheng, 1966, p. 60,
pI. 9, fig. 5 (same as pI. 1, fig. 1 of Lee, 1933, p.
14); Leven, 1967, p. 128, pI. 2, figs. 1-2; Zhang
and Wang, 1974, p. 292, pI. 151, fig. 8; Shengand Sun, 1975, p. 10-11, pI. 1, fig. 26; Rozovskaya, 1975, pI. 7, figs. 15-17 (15: same as pI. 1,
fig. 1a of Lee, 1933, p. 14, 16-17: same as pI. 2,
figs. 1-2 of Leven, 1967, p. 128); Lin et al., 1977,
p. 36, pI. 7, fig. 5 (same as pI. 4, fig. 30 of Sheng,
1963, p. 38-39,163); Liu et al., 1978, p. 32, pI. 4,
fig. 19; Kahler and Kahler, 1979, p. 231, pI. 3,
fig. 6; Wang et al., 1982, p. 45, pI. 8, figs. 6-7 (7 :same as pI. 1, fig. 1 of Lee, 1933, p. 14): Zhou
and Zhang, 1984, pI. 2, figs. 14-15; Chediya etal., 1986, pI. 3, fig. 7; Loeblich and Tappan,
1988, pI. 269, figs. 8-9 (same as pI. 1, figs. 1, 1a of
Lee, 1933, p. 14).
Yangchenia ex gr. iniqua Lee. Rauser-Chernoussova
and Fursenko, 1959, pI. 7, fig. 9.
non Yangchenia iniqua Lee. Xie, 1982, p. 16, pI. 6,
fig. 10.

Remarks.-One tangential and two diagonal sections were prepared for this study.
The present form almost agrees with Yangchenia iniqua Lee. However, the specificname is left tentative because of the insufficient material.
This species somewhat resembles Yangchenia compressa originally described by
Ozawa (1927) from the Akasaka Limestone ofGifu Prefecture, central Japan. However, theformer can be distinguished from the latter inhaving a larger shell and smaller form ratio.
Occurrence. - Rare in Type Ila limestone
pebbles.
Material.-Tangential section; IGUTKUOOn. Diagonal sections; IGUTKU0073,IGUT-KU0074.
Subfamily Schubertellinae Skinner, 1931
Genus Mesoschubertella Kanuma
and Sakagami, 1957
Mesoschubertella aff. thompsoni
Sakagami, 1957

1272

944.

Permian foraminifers from Abukuma Mountains

Katsumi Ueno
Figures 4-13-20

Compare.Mesoschubertella thompsoni Sakagami in Kanuma
and Sakagami, 1957, p. 43-44, pI. 8, figs. 1-10;
Sakagami, 1958, p.77-78, pI. I, figs. 12-16;
Thompson, 1964, figs. 303-2a-c (same as pI. 8,
figs. 2, 4, 6 of Kanuma and Sakagami, 1957, p.
43-44); Pasini, 1965, pI. 4, fig. 2 (same as pI. 8,
fig. 6 of Kanuma and Sakagami, 1957, p. 43-44);
Sakagami and lwai, 1974, p. 58, pI. 4, figs. 28-39;
Ozawa, 1975, pI. 7, fig. 22; Rozovskaya, 1975, pI.
3, figs. 9-10 (same as pI. 8, figs. 1,6 of Kanuma
and Sakagami, 1957, p. 43-44); Loeblich andTappan, 1988, pI. 260, figs. 18-22 (same as pI. 8,
figs. 1,3-4,6-7 of Kanuma and Sakagami, 1957,
p.43-44).
? Mesoschubertella thompsoni Sakagami. Leven,
1987, pI. 2, fig. 5.

Description. - Shell small, ellipsoidal tofusiform with bluntly pointed polar ends.
Mature specimens having 5 to 6 volutions,1.13 to 1.40 mm in length and 0.73 to 0.95 mm
in width, giving form ratio of about 1.90.
Inner I or 2 volutions coiled at large angles toouter ones. Radius vectors of the first to fifth
volutions of illustrated typical axial section(Figure 4-14) 0.08,0.14,0.21,0.30, and 0.41mm, and form ratios 1.00, 1.00, 1.24, 1.63, and1.76, respectively. Proloculus small andspherical, 0.040 to 0.055 mm in outside diameter, averaging 0.049 mm for 7 specimens.
Spirotheca thin and composed of a tectum, arather thick less dense lower layer (diaphanotheca) and a thin lower tectorium.
Septa almost plane and slightly bend anteriorly. Septal counts of the third to sixth volution of specimen illustrated on Figure 4-16,
10, 13, 17, and 21. Chomata well developed
beyond the third volution. Tunnel path regular and straight.

1273

Remarks.- The present species somewhat
resembles Mesoschubertella thompsoni Sakagami, but differs from the latter in having alarger shell and form ratio.
This species is easily distinguished from
Mesoschubertella shimadaniensis Kanuma inhaving no rugosity in the spirotheca.
Occurrence.-Common in Type Ia limestone pebbles.
Material. - Axial sections; IGUTKU0047, IGUT-KU0048, IGUT-KU0050,
IGUT-KU0051. Sagittal sections; IGUTKU0046, IGUT-KU0049. Tangential sections; IGUT-KU0052, IGUT-KU0053.
Genus Schubertella Staff and
Wedekind, 1910
Schubertella irumensis (Huzimoto, 1936)
Figure 4-8
Fusulinella irumensis Huzirrloto, 1936, p. 38-40, pI. 2,
figs. 1-8, 27 ?
Schubertella cf. irumensis (Huzimoto). Sakagami,
1958, p. 76-77, pI. I, figs. IO-Il.
Schubertella irumensis (Huzimoto). Choi, 1973, p.
15, pI. 2, figs. 3-7.

Descriptive remarks. - Shell small, ellipsoidal with rounded periphery. Specimen
having 5 ~ volutions, 0.80 mm in length and0.49 mm in width, giving a form ratio of 1.63.
Shell expands gradually through growth.
Spirotheca thin and composed of a tectum
and a lower less dense layer (diaphanotheca).
Chomata broad and asymmetrical. Tunnel
path straight.
I obtained only one axial section referable
to this species. Schubertella irumensis was
originally described by Huzimoto (1936)
from the Kwanto Mountains, where it is~ Figure 3. Fusulinaceans from Type I limestone pebbles.
1-4. Chalaroschwagerina vulgaris (SchelIwien), 1: axial section, IGUT-KU0020, 2: sagittal section, IGUT-KU0021, 3: parallel section, IGUTKU0022, 4: tangential section, IGUT-KU0023. 5,6. Pseudofusulina cf. exigua (Schellwien), 5: tangential
section, IGUT-KU0024, 6: sagittal section, IGUT-KU0025. 7-11. Pseudofusulinafusiformis (Schellwien), 7,
8: sagittal sections, IGUT-KU0026, IGUT-KU0027, 9,11: axial sections, IGUT-KU0028, IGUT-KU0030,
10: tangential section, IGUT-KU0029. 12, 14: Pseudofusulina sp. 8, tangential sections, IGUT-KU0031,
IGUT-KU0033. 13: Chusenella sp., tangential section, IGUT-KU0032. 1-12, 14: X 10, 13: X 20.

944.

127 4

•

Permian foraminifers from Abukuma Mountains

21

24

31

Katsumi Veno

1275

7
Figure 5. Fusulinaceans from the Type [ limestone pebbles and the matrix of the conglomerate
member in the Motomura Formation. 1,2: Pseudofusulina sp. A, I: oblique section, IGUT-KU0065 , 2:sagi ttal section, IGUT-KU0066. 3,4 : Pseudofusulina cf. houziguanica Sheng, axia l sections, IGUTKU0067, IGUT-KU0068. 5 : Parafusulina ? sp. , axial section, IGUT-KU0069. 6a: Colania sp., tangential section , IGUT-KU0070, 6b : enlarged part of 6a. 7 : Pseudodoliolina sp. , tangential section,
IGUT-KU0071. 1,2,6a,7 : X IO, 3- 5: x 20, 6b : X 40.

+- Figure 4. Fusulinaceans from Type I limestone pebbles. 1- 7. Toriyamaia laxiseptata Kanmera, 13 : axial sections, IGUT-KU0034, IGUT-KU0035, IGUT-KU0036, 4, 5: tangential sections, IGUT-KU0037,
IGUT-KU0038, 6: sag itta l section , IGUT-KU0039, 7: parallel section , IGUT-KU0040. 8 : Schubertella
irumensis (Huzimoro) , ax ia l section , IGUT-KU0041. 9: Schubertella sp. A , ax ial section , IGUT-KU0042.
10: Schubertella cf. simplex Lange, ax ial section , IGUT-K U0043. 11, 12: Biwaella sp. , tangential sections,
IGUT-KU0044, IGUT-KU0045. 13- 20. Mesoschubertella air. thompsoni Sa kagami , 13,16 : sagittal sections, IGUT-KU0046, IGUT-KU0049, 14,15,17,18 : axial sections, IGUT-KU0047, IGUT-KU0048,
IGUT-KU0050, IGUT-KU0051 , 19,20: tangential sections, IGUT-KU0052, IGUT-KU0053 . 21: Mise/lina (Brevaxina) sp., slightly oblique axial section , IGUT-KU0054. 22,23: Nankinella kawadai (Igo),
tangential sections, IGUT-KU0055 , IGUT-KU0056. 24- 31. Minojapanella (M.) e/ongata Fujimoto andKanuma, 24- 26,31: tangential sections, IGUT-KU0057, IGUT-KU005 8, IGUT-KU0059, IGUT-KU0064,
27- 30 : parallel sections, IGUT-KU0060, IGUT-KU0061 , IGUT-KU0062, IGUT-KU0063. 22,23: X IS, 4,
11,12,21 : X 20, 1- 3,5- 7,13- 20: X 30, 8- 10,24- 31 : X40.

1276

944.

Permian foraminifers from Abukuma Mountains

associated with Early and Middle Permian
fusulinaceans such as Pseudofusulina ambigua (Deprat), P. kraffti (Schellwien),
Misellina (M.) claudiae (Deprat), and Neoschwagerina craticulifera (Schwager).
Occurrence. - Rare in Type Ia limestone
pebbles.
Material.-Axial section; IGUT-KU0041.
Subfamily Biwaellinae Davydov, 1984
Genus Toriyamaia Kanmera, 1956

Remarks. - Kanmera (1956) originally assigned the genus Toriyamaia to the family
Ozawainellidae, because it has a long axis ofcoiling and rather loosely coiled shell which
are similar to those of the genera Lee/la andRauserella. Later, Sheng (1963) questionably assigned it to the family Staffellidae.
As Leven (1987) has already pointed out,
however, Toriyamaia is most probably to bereferred to the family Schubertellidae, on thebasis of essential morphological similarity
between the genus Toriyamaia and certain
Bolorian representatives of the genus Biwaella, although the former genus has no alveolar
keriotheca in the spiro theca.
Toriyamaia laxiseptata Kanmera, 1956
Figures 4-1 - 7

Rauserella? sp., Kobayashi, 1956, p. 227, pI. 32, figs.
11-12; Kobayashi, 1957, pI. I, figs. 29-30 (sameas pI. 32, 5.gs. 11-12 of Kobayashi, 1956, p. 227).
Toriyamaia laxiseptata Kanmera, 1956, p.252-255,

pI. 36, figs. 1-14; Sheng, 1963, p. 33-34,157, pI.
4, figs. 36-37; Kanmera, 1963, p.87-88, pI. II,
figs. 1-4, pI. 19, figs. 8-9; Thompson, 1964, fig.
299-2a-d (same as pI. 36, figs. 1-2, II, 18 ofKanmera, 1956, p. 252-255); Pasini, 1965, pI. 3,
fig. 6 (same as pI. 36, fig. I of Kanmera, 1956, p.
252-255); Kanmera and Mikami, 1965, p.277279, pI. 46, figs. 9-10; Choi, 1973, p. 20, pI. 2,
figs. 8-10; Zhang and Wang, 1974, p. 290, pI.
150, fig. 8 (same as pI. 4, fig. 37 of Sheng, 1963, p.
33-34, (57); Ozawa, 1975, pI. 7, fig. 18; Rozovskaya, 1975, pI. 3, figs. 14-15 (same as pI. 36, figs.
I, II of Kanmera, 1956, p. 252-255); Lin et al.,
1977, p. 19, pI. 3, fig. 17; Liu et al., 1978, p. 22,
pI. 2, figs.9-1O (same as pI. 4, figs.36-37 ofSheng, 1963, p. 33-34, 157); Kahler and Kahler,
1979, p.226-227, pI. 4, fig. 7; Zhou et al 1987,
pI. 2, fig. 7; Loeblich and Tappan, 1988, pI. 259,
figs. 12-14 (same as pI. 36, figs. 1-2, II of Kanmera, 1956, p.252-255).
Rauserella sp., Kawano, 1961, p. 58, pI. I, fig. 1.
? Toriyamaia cf. laxiseptata Kanmera. Igo, 1967, pI.
4, figs. 1-5.

Remarks. - The Takakurayama specimens
are quite comparable to the original ones
described by Kanmera (1956) from the Middle Permian Kozaki Formation in the Kuma
Massif, Kyushu, except for having a slightly
smaller shell.
Toriyamaia laxiseptata Kanmera differsfrom T. americana described by Stewart(1966) from the Hueco Formation of El Paso
County, Texas, in having a smaller
proloculus and more volutions.
Occurrence.-Abundant in Type Ia limestone pebbles.
Materia/.-Axial sections; IGUTKU0034, IGUT-KU0035, IGUT-KU0036.

~
Figure 6. Fusulinaceans from Type IIa limestone pebbles. 1-3. Yangchenia cf. iniqua Lee, la:tangential section, IGUT-KUOOn, 2, 3: diagonal sections, IGUT-KU0073, IGUT-KU0074, Ib: enlarged
part of la, showing Fusulinella-type 4 layered spirotheca. 4-10. Pseudodoliolina cf. ozawai Yabe andHanzawa, 4-6: tangential sections, IGUT-KU0075, IGUT-KU0076, IGUT-KU0077, 7: axial section,
IGUT-KU0078, 8, 9: sagittal sections, IGUT-KU0079, IGUT-KU0080, 10: parallel section, IGUTKU0081. 11: Rauserella? sp., sagittal section, IGUT-KU0082. 12: Codonofusiella sp., axial section,
IGUT-KU0083. 13-31. Codonofusiella abukumaensis, sp. nov., 13: axial section of the holotype, IGUTKU0084, 14-18: axial sections of paratypes, IGUT-KU0085, IGUT-KU0086, IGUT-KU0087, IGUTKU0088, IGUT-KU0089, 19-24: sagittal sections of paratypes, IGUT-KU0090, IGUT-KU0091, IGUTKU0092, IGUT-KU0093, IGUT-KU0094, IGUT-KU0095, 25-31: parallel sections of paratypes, IGUTKU0096, IGUT-KU0097, IGUT-KU0098, IGUT-KU0099, IGUT-KUOIOO, IGUT-KUOIOI, IGUT-KUOI02.
32-35: Dunbarula sp. A, axial sections, IGUT-KUOI03, IGUT-KUOI04, IGUT-KUOI05, IGUT-KUOI06.
la, 2-10: x20, 11-35: X40, Ib: X 100.

1277

K atsumi Ueno

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~

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.

24

28

"

29

31

1278

944.

Permian foraminifers from Abukuma Mountains

Sagittal section; IGUT-KU0039. Tangential sections; IGUT-KU0037, IGUTKU0038. Parallel section; IGUT-KU0040.
Genus Biwaella Morikawa andIsomi, 1960
Biwaella sp.
Figures 4-11-12

Remarks. - This unidentified species canbe easily distinguished from others referable
to the genus Biwaella in having a highly
elongate cylindrical shell.
Occurrence. - Rare in Type Ia limestone
pebbles.
Material.-Tangential sections; IGUTKU0044, IGUT-KU0045.
Family Boultoniidae Skinnerand Wilde, 1954
Genus Minojapanella Fujimotoand Kanuma, 1953
Subgenus Minojapanella Fujimotoand Kanuma, 1953

Minojapanella (M.) elongata Fujimotoand Kanuma, 1953

O'hara et al., 1976, p. 72, pI. I, fig. II ; Loeblichand Tappan, 1988, pI. 264, figs. 3-5 (same as pI.
19, figs. I, 10-11 of Fujimoto and Kanuma, 1953,
p. 152); Ozawa and Kobayashi, 1990, pI. 8, fig.
7; Zhang, 1992, p. 146, pI. I, fig. 7.
Minojapanel/a (M.) elongata Fujimoto and Kanuma.
Sheng, 1965, p.565, pI. I, figs. 1-6,10-15;
Rozovskaya, 1975, pI. 4, figs. 10-12 (10: same as
pI. 2, fig. 4 of Thompson, 1954, II : same as pI.
19, fig. I of Fujimoto and Kanuma, 1953, p.
152); Lin et al., 1977, p.37, pI. 7, fig. 10 (sameas pI. I, fig. 5 of Sheng, 1965, p. 565); Kahler
and Kahler, 1980, p. 191, pI. 2, fig. 3.

Remarks. - Several tangential and parallel
sections having a highly elongate fusiform
shell, slightly recrystaIIized spirotheca, andintensely and regularly fluted septa were prepared for this study. They are all safely referable to Minojapanella (M.) elongata Fujimoto and Kanuma in spite of their poor
orientation.
Occurrence.-Common In the Type Ia
limestone pebble.
Material. - Tangential sections; IGUTKU0057, IGUT-KU0058, IGUT-KU0059,
IGUT-KU0064. Parallel sections; IGUTKU0060, IGUT-KU0061, IGUT-KU0062,
IGUT-KU0063.

Figures 4-24-31

Minojapanella (M.) parva Sheng, 1963

Minojapanella elongata Fujimoto and Kanuma, 1953,
p. 152, pI. 19, figs. I-II ; Thompson, 1954, pI. 2,
figs. 1-5 (2-3, 5: same as pI. 19, figs. I, 10-11 of
Fujimoto and Kanuma, 1953, p. 152); Morikawa and Isomi, 1961, p.7, pI. 2, figs. 10-15;
Thompson, 1964, fig. 304-2a-d (2a, 2d: same as
pI. 19, figs. I, II of Fujimoto and Kanuma, 1953,
p. 152, 2b-c: same as pI. 2, figs. 1,4 of Thompson, 1954); Pasini, 1965, pI. 7, fig. 7 (same as pI.
19, fig. I of Fujimoto and Kanuma, 1953, p.
152); Choi, 1973, p.14-15, pI. I, figs. 8-11 ;Figures 9-13-19

Minojapanel/a (M.) parva Sheng, p.40, 164-165, pI.
12, figs. 23-24; Lin et al., 1977, p. 37, pI. 7, fig.
12 (same as pI. 12, fig. 24 of Sheng, 1963, p.40,
164-165).
non Minojapanel/a parva Sheng. Han, 1976, p. 29,
pI. 9, fig. 17.

Descriptive remarks. - Shell highly elongate fusiform with bluntly pointed poles.

~
Figure 7. Fusulinaceans from Type Ira limestone pebbles. 1-5. Pseudodoliolina aff. pseudolepida(Deprat), 1: oblique section, IGUT-KUOI07, 2: tangential section, IGUT-KUOI08, 3-5: sagittal sections,
IGUT-KUOI09, IGUT-KUOllO, IGUT-KUOlll. 6-24. Dunbarula planata, sp. nov., 10: axial section of
the holotype, IGUT-KUOI16, 12, 15, 18: axial sections of paratypes, IGUT-KUOI18, IGUT-KUOI21,
IGUT-KU0124, 6,7,9,13,20,21,23: slightly oblique axial sections of para types, IGUT-KUOI 12, IGUTKUOII3, IGUT-KUOI15, IGUT-KUOI19, IGUT-KU0126, IGUT-KU0127, IGUT-KU0129, 8,14,16,24:
tangential sections of para types, IGUT-KUOI14, IGUT-KU0120, IGUT-KU0122, IGUT-KU0130, 11,17,19,
22: sagittal sections of para types, IGUT-KUOI17, IGUT-KUOI23, IGUT-KU0125, IGUT-KUOI28. 25-28.
Dunbarula sp. B, 25-27: axial sections, IGUT-KU0131, IGUT-KU0132, IGUT-KU0133, 28: sagittal section,IGUT-KUOI34. 1-5: X 10,6-28: X40.

Katsumi Uena"" '&'.:'- '"

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,

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1279

944.

1280

Permian foraminifers from Abukuma Mountains

Specimen of 4 volutions 1.33 mm in lengthand 0.27 mm in width, giving a form ratio of
4.91. Outside diameter of proloculus about
0.05 mm. Spirotheca thin and slightly recrystallized, composed of a tectum and lower
less dense layer (diaphanotheca). Septa
intensely and regularly fluted. Chomata
small but prominent.
This species was originally described by
Sheng (1963) from the upper part of the
Maokou Limestone of Guangxi (Kwangsi).
It can be distinguished from Minojapanella(M.) elongata Fujimoto and Kanuma by its
smaller shell and fewer volutions.
Occurrence. - Common in Type lIb limestone pebbles.
Materia/.-Axial sections; IGUTKUOI60, IGUT-KUOI61. Sagittal section;
IGUT-KUOI59. Tangential sections;
IGUT-KUOI55, IGUT-KUOI56, IGUTKUOI57,IGUT-KUOI58.
Gen us Wutuella Sheng, 1963

Discussion.-Xia (1982) established thesubgenus Neimonggolina for the genus Minojapanella, with Min ojapa n ella (Neimonggotina) fusiformis Xia as the type species.
He noted that Neimonggotina is closely
related to Wutuella, but can be distinguishedfrom the latter in having visible chomata andtunnel. Sheng's (1963) illustration of
Wutuella wutuensis (Kuo) on Figure 1 of
Plate 13, however, shows the presence ofsmall and poorly developed chomata andtunnel in the early volutions of this species,
although he did not describe these morphological features. From the fact
mentioned above, Neimonggolina is, therefore, considered to be a junior synonym of
Wutuella.
Wutuella cf. wutuensis (Kuo, 1948)
Figures 9-1-6Compare.Gallowaiinella wutuensis Kuo, 1948, p. 233, pI. 1, figs.

1-3.
Minojapanella (Wuluella) wutuensis (Kuo). Sheng,
1963, p. 41,165-166, pI. 13, figs. 1-7; Leven,
1967, p.131, pI. 2, figs. 11-12; Rozovskaya,
1975, pI. 4, figs. 13-14 (same as pI. 1, figs. 1,3 ofKuo, 1948, p. 233); Lin et al., 1977, p. 38, pI. 7,
fig. 13 (same as pI. 13, fig. 2 of Sheng, 1963, p. 41,
165-166); Kahler and Kahler, 1979, p. 230, pI. 3,
fig. 8.
Minojapanella wUluensis (Kuo). Sheng, 1966, p. 6364, pI. 9, fig. 18 (same as pI. 1, fig. 1 of Kuo, 1948,
p.233).
WUluella wu{uensis (Kuo). Sheng and Sun, 1975, p.
7-8, pI. 2, fig. 16; Han, 1976, p. 29, pI. 9, figs. 1316; Liu el al., 1978, p.29, pI. 4, fig. 3; Nie andSong, 1983, p. 44, pI. 3, figs. 11-12; Loeb1ich andTappan, 1988, pI. 266, figs. 9-11 (9: same as pI.
13, fig. 2 of Sheng, 1963, p. 41,165-166,10: sameas pI. 1, fig. 3 of Kuo, 1948, p.233, 11 : same as
pI. 2, fig. 11 of Leven, 1967, p. 131).

Remarks. - The intense and regular septal
fluting and heavy axial fillings in the present
form suggest that it is assigned to Wutuellawutuensis (Kuo). Exact identification, however, is postponed because of the poor material.
Wutuella wutuensis (Kuo) has been described from the upper part of the Maokou
Limestone and its equivalents in South
China, and the upper part of the Murgabianin the Pamirs, Tadzhikistan.
Occurrence.-Common in Type lIb limestone pebbles.
Material. - Tangential sections; IGUTKUOI43, IGUT-KUOI44, IGUT-KUOI45,
IGUT-KUOI46. Parallel sections; IGUTKUOI47, IGUT-KUOI48.
Genus Codonofusiella Dunbar
and Skinner, 1937
Codonofusiella abukumaensis
Ueno, sp. nov.
Figures 6-13-31

Diagnosis. - Small Codonofusiella having afusiform coiled part with bluntly pointed
axial regions and well developed uncoiled
flaring lip. Inner few volutions skew coiled.
Spirotheca thin. Septa weakly fluted.
Description. - Shell small, consisting of 2

Katsumi Veno
parts. The first part havi ng 3 or 4 vo l utions,fusiform with bluntly pointed pol ar ends.
Inner I or I Yz vo lution s skew coiled. The
seco nd part of last half-vo lu tion abruptly
expa nded, forming an un coi led flaring lip.
Len gth and width of she ll 0.77 to 1.23 mm
and 0.30 to 0.94 mm, giving form ratios of
1.57 to 3.00. Rad i us vecto rs of the first to
fourth vol uti on of the holotype 0.04,0.05,
0.07, and 0.40 mm, an d form ratios 0.63, 2.00,
2.57, a nd 1.57, respectively . Proloculus
sma ll and spherica l. Its outs id e diameterra nges from 0.030 to 0.045 mm , averaging

2

128 1

0.039 mm for 8 specimens. Spirotheca thinand composed of a tectum and a lower, lessden se layer (diaphanotheca). Septa weak ly
fluted throughout length of shell. C homata
developed o nly in middle vo luti ons.

Remarks. - Codonofusiellakueichowensis

or igina ll y described by Sheng (1963) from the
Wujiaping (Wuchiaping) L imestone of Gui zhou (Kueichow) is the closest to the present
new species. H owever, the former has a
sli ghtly larger and more loose ly coiled shellthan the latter.
Codonofusiella abukumaensis, sp. nov . is

3

6
5

7

8

Figure 8. Fusulinaceans from Type Il a limestone pebbles. 1- 8. Quasireichelina expansa, gen . et sp.
nov. , 2 : ax ia l section of the ho lotype, IGUT-K UO I36, 1,5,6,8: axial sections of paratypes, IGUTKU0135 , IGUT-K U0 139, IGUT-KU0140, IGUT-KUOI42, 3,4, 7 : sagittal sections of paratypes, IGUTKU0137 , IGUT-KU0138, IGUT-KU0 14 1 All X 40.

1282

944.

Permian foraminifers from Abukuma Mountains

easily distinguished from C. explicata
Kawano and C. extensa Skinner and Wildein having a less developed flaring lip, andfrom C. cuniculata Kanmera in having lessfluted septa.
Occurrence.-Abundant in Type IIa limestone pebbles.
Material.-Axial section of the holotype;
IGUT-KU0084. Axial sections of paratypes; IGUT-KU0085, IGUT-KU0086,
IGUT-KU0087, IGUT-KU0088, IGUTKU0089. Sagittal sections of paratypes;
IGUT-KU0090, IGUT-KU0091, IGUTKU0092, IGUT-KU0093, IGUT-KU0094,
IGUT-KU0095. Parallel sections of paratypes; IGUT-KU0096, IGUT-KU0097,
IGUT-KU0098, IGUT-KU0099, IGUTKUOIOO, IGUT-KUOIOI, IGUT-KUOI02.

Codonofusiella sp.
Figure 6-12

Descriptive remarks. - Small shell of 4
volutions consists of an early coiled part anda later abruptly expanded uncoiled part.
Length 0.90 mm and width 0.43 mm with aform ratio of 2.09. Inner I Yz vol utions skew
coiled. Last half-volution coiled almost
perpendicularly to preceding ones. Outside
diameter of proloculus 0.035 mm.
This species somewhat resembles
Codonofusiella abukumaensis, sp. nov. described previously, but differs from the latterin having a peculiar mode of coiling.
Occurrence. - Rare in Type IIa limestone
pebbles.
Material.-Axial section; IGUT-KU0083.
Genus Dunbarula Ciry, 1948
Dunbarula planata Ueno, sp. nov.
Figures 7-6-24

Diagnosis. - Small Dunbarula having an
ellipsoidal shell with bluntly pointed polarends, skew coiled juvenile volutions andrather loosely coiled last half-volution.
Septa numerous and weakly fluted. Smallchomata in middle volutions.
Description. - Shell small for gen us andellipsoidal with bluntly pointed poles.
Mature specimens of 4 Yz to 5 volutions 0.88
to 1.10 mm in length and 0.43 to 0.70 mm inwidth. Form ratio ranges from 1.54 to 1.96,
averaging 1.76 for 6 specimens. Inner I or
I Yz volutions compactly coiled at large
angles to outer ones. Last half-volution
rather loosely coiled. Radius vectors of thefirst to fifth volutions of the holotype 0.04, O.
07,0.10,0.17, and O. 32, and form ratios 0.63,
1.21, 1.50, 1.76, and 1.53, respectively.
Prolocul us small and spherical. Its outside
diameter ranges from 0.030 to 0.050, averaging 0.046 mm for 9 specimens. Spirothecathin and composed of a tectum and lower, lessdense layer (diaphanotheca). In some specimens, fine alveolar structure discernible indiaphanotheca. Thickness of spiro theca of
the first to fifth vol utions of the holotype O.
010,0.020,0.020,0.025, and 0.015 mm. Septa
numerous and weakly fluted in extreme polar
regions. Septal counts of the third to fifth
volution of illustrated sagittal section ofparatype (Figure 7-11) 13,18, and 25.
Chomata small and developed in middle
volutions. Septal pores present.
Remarks.-Dunbarula planata, sp. nov.
somewhat resembles D. kitakamiensis originally described by Choi (1970) from theuppermost part of the Iwaizaki Limestone of
the Southern Kitakami Mountains. However, the former has a slightly smaller shelland less fluted septa than those of the latter.
The present new species can be distinguished from Dunbarula tumida Skinner by
its smaller shell, and D. pusilla Skinner by its
smaller form ratio and less developed skew
coiled juvenile volutions.
Occurrence.-Abundant in Type IIa limestone pebbles.
Material. - Axial section of the holotype;
IGUT-KUOI16. Axial sections of paratypes; IGUT-KUOI18, IGUT-KUOI21,
IGUT-KUOI24. Slightly oblique axial sections of paratypes; IGUT-KUOI12, IGUT-

Katsumi Veno
KUOI13, IGUT-KUOI15, IGUT-KUOI19,
IGUT-KUOI26, IGUT-KUOI27, IGUTKUOI29. Sagittal sections of paratypes;
IGUT-KUOI17, IGUT-KUOI23, IGUTKU0l25, IGUT-KUOI28. Tangential sections of paratypes; IGUT-KUOI14, IGUTKUOI20, IGUT-KUOI22, IGUT-KUOI30.

Dunbarula sp. B
Figures 7-25-28

Remarks. - This unidentified species somewhat resembles Dunbalula planata, sp. nov.
described above, but differs from the latter inhaving a larger form ratio.
Occrrence. - Rare in Type IIa limestone
pebbles.
Material.-Axial sections; IGUTKU0131, IGUT-KUOI32, IGUT-KUOI33.
Sagittal section; IGUT -KUOI34.
Genus Lantschichites Tumanskaya, 1953
Lantschichites? sp.
Figure 9-20

Remarks.- The genus Lantschichites ismost suitable for assigning this species, which
has an elongate fusiform shell and rather
intensely fluted septa. However, the genericassignment is tentative because an aberrant
flaring lip, which is one of the most diagnostic features of the genus Lantschichites, is notseen in this specimen.
Occurrence. - Rare in Type lIb limestone
pebbles.
Materia/.-Axial section; IGUT-KUOI62.
Family Schwagerinidae Dunbarand Henbest, 1930
Subfamily Schwagerininae Dunbarand Henbest, 1930
Genus Pseudofusulina Dunbar
and Skinner, 1931
Pseudofusulina fusiformis(Schellwien, 1909)
Figures 3-7- 11

1283

Fusulina vulgaris var. fusi/armis Schellwien, 1909, p.
165-168, pI. 15, figs. 1-4.
Pseudafusulina fusi/armis (Schellwien), Thompson,
1948, pI. 12, fig. 3 (same as pI. 15, fig. 2 of SchelIwien, 1909, p. 165-168); Morikawa, 1955, p.
98-99, pI. 13, figs. 1-7; Igo, 1959, p. 246-247, pI.
3, fig. 5; Morikawa and Isomi, 1961, p. 19-20, pI.
7, figs. 11-12, pI. 8, figs. 12-13, pI. 10, figs. 1-10,
pI. 11, figs. 1-10, pI. 12, figs. 1-10, pI. 13, fig. 5 ;Sheng, 1963, p. 66, 192-193, pI. 16, figs. 19-21 ;Kanmera and Mikami, 1965, p.301-302, pI. 52,
figs. 1-6; Kalmykova, 1965, p.122-123, pI. 3,
figs. 1-4; Kalmykova, 1967, p.181-182, pI. 9,
figs. 1-5; Choi, 1972, pI. 2, fig. 7; Choi, 1973, p.
46-47, pI. 9, figs. 1-3, pI. 11, fig. 4; Sakaguchi
and Yamagiwa, 1975, p. 182-183, pI. 2, figs. 1-2,
11 ; Ozawa, 1975, pI. 9, fig. 16; Liu et al., 1978,
p. 59-60, pI. 13, fig. 1 ; Kahler and Kahler, 1980,
p.217-220, pI. 6, fig. 4, pI. 8, fig. I; Ozawa andKobayashi, 1990, pI. 8, fig. 14.
Pseudafusulina vulgaris var. fusi/armis (Schellwien),
Kanuma, 1959, p. 75-76, figs. 7-11.
Schwagerina fusl/armis (Schellwien), Suyari, 1962, p.
26, pI. 8, figs. 7-9.
Pseudafusulina cf. fusi/ormis (Schellwien), Yanagisawa, 1967, pI. 6, figs. 8, 10-11.
non Schellwienia vulgaris var. fusi/armis (Schel1wien), Lee, 1927, p. 67-68, pI. 9, figs. 3,5.

Description. - Shell large, elongate cylindrical with bluntly pointed polar ends. Mature
specimens having 5 Y2 to 6 Y2 volutions, 9.00
to 10.50 mm in length and 2.10 to 3.30 mm inwidth, giving form ratios of 2.72 to 3.70.
Shell expands gradually through growth.
Axis of coiling straight throughout. Radius
vectors of the first to fifth volutions of illustrated axial section (Figure 3-9) 0.31,0.48,
0.66, 0.90, and 1.13 mm, and form ratios 1.61,
2.50,3.08,3.44, and 3.70, respectively.
Proloculus large and almost spherical. Itsoutside diameter ranges from 0.300 to 0.440
mm, averaging 0.390 mm for 3 specimens.
Spirotheca composed of a tectum and keriotheca. Thickness of spiro theca of the first to
fifth volutions of above-mentioned specimen
0.040,0.050,0.060,0.100, and 0.070 mm.
Septa intensely and regularly fluted except for
central part of shell. Rudimentary chomata
developed in inner volutions. Heavy axial
fillings present.
Remarks. - The Takakurayama specimens

944.

128 4

25

Permian foraminifers from Abukuma Mountains

26

27

28

29

Katsumi Ueno
have a slightly larger form ratio than the
topotypes restudied by Kalmykova (1965).
Occurrence.-Common in Type Ia limestone pebbles and rare in Type Ic limestone
pebbles.
Material. - Axial sections; IG UTKU0028, IGUT-KU0030. Sagittal sections;
IGUT-KU0026, IGUT-KU0027. Tangential
section; IGUT-KU0029.
Family Staffellidae MiklukhoMaklay, 1949
Genus Quasireichelina Ueno, gen. nov.
Type species. - Quasireichelina expansa,
gen. et sp. nov.
Diagnosis. - Small staffellid having an
early thickly lenticular and regularly coiled
part and a later uncoiled, abruptly expanded
one. Early part similar to Nankinella.
Spirotheca thin and recrystallized. Septa
numerous and unfluted. Secondary deposits
as small chomata.
Remarks.-Previously, the Permian aberrant staffellids, both uncoiled and rectilinear
forms, have been erroneously referred to asingle genus, Pseudoreichelina. Recently, I
discussed aberrant shell morphologies in theozawainellid and staffellid fusulinaceans, andsuggested the necessity to establish a new
genus for the Permian uncoiled staffellids, if"Pseudoreichelina" serbica (KochanskyDevide) is surely included in the family
Staffellidae (Ueno, 1992). The present new
genus' is created for those Permian aberrant
staffellids having an uncoiled shell in the

1285

final stage of growth.
Quasireichelina, gen. nov. is most similar tothe ozawainellid aberrant fusulinacean genus
Reichelina. However they differ in spirothecal composition. This new genus differsfrom the staffellid aberrant fusulinacean genera Palaeoreichelina and Pseudoreichelina inhaving an uncoiled shell in the final stage of
growth.
Besides the type species, Reichelina serbica
described by Kochansky-Devide (1960) fromwestern Serbia should be referred to the present new genus.
Geologic age. - Middle Permian.

Quasireichelina expansa
Ueno, gen. et sp. nov.
Figures 8-1- 8

Diagnosis. - Small Quasireichelina having
a thickly lenticular early part with angularperiphery and a later abruptly expanded
uncoiled one. Septa numerous and slightly
bend anteriorly.
Description. - Shell small, consisting of 2
parts and 1.25 to 1.38 mm in total length.
Early part of probably 4 to 5 volutions thickly lenticular with angular periphery, andsimilar to Nankinella. Axial length andmedian width of early part 0.45 to 0.75 mm
and 0.75 to 1.23 mm, giving form ratios of0.44 to 0.61. Later part of last half-volution
abruptly expanded and finally uncoiled. Coiling of inner few volutions usually uncertain
because of high recrystallization of shell.

~ Figure 9. Fusulinaceans and smaller foraminifers from Type lIb limestone pebbles.
1-6. Wutuellacf. wutuensis (Kuo), 1-4: tangential sections, IGUT-KUOI43, IGUT-KUOI44, IGUT-KUOI45, IGUTKUOI46, 5,6: parallel sections, IGUT-KUOI47, IGUT-KUOI48. 7-9: Schubertella sp. B, axial sections,
IGUT-KUOI49, IGUT-KUOI50, IGUT-KUOI51. 10: Neofusulinella sp., tangential section, IGUTKUOI52. 11,12: Schubertella? sp. C, axial sections, IGUT-KUOI53, IGUT-KUOI54. 13-19. Minojapanella (M.) parva Sheng, 13-16: tangential sections, IGUT-KUOI55, IGUT-KUOI56, IGUT-KUOI57,
IGUT-KUOI58, 17: sagittal section, IGUT-KUOI59, 18, 19: axial sections, IGUT-KUOI60, IGUT-KUOI61.
20: Lantschichites? sp., axial section, IGUT-KUOI62. 21,22. Lasiodiscus sp., 21: equatrial section,
IGUT-KUOI63, 22: tangential section, IGUT-KUOI64. 23: Neoendothyra reicheli Reitlinger, axial section,
IGUT-KUOI65. 24: Eotuberitina sp., longitudinal section, IGUT-KUOI66. 25: Climacammina sp. C,
longitudinal section, IGUT-KUOI67. 26: Multidiscus sp., axial section, IGUT-KUOI68. 27: Tetrataxissp., axial section, IGUT-KUOI69. 28, 29: Langella spp., longitudinal sections, IGUT-KUOI70, IGUTKUOl71. 1-3,25: X 20, 4-24,26-29: X 40.

1286

944.

20

Permian foraminifers from Abukuma Mountains

21

22

Katsumi Ueno
Spirotheca Nankinella-type and replaced bysecondary mineralization. Septa numerous
and slightly bend anteriorly. Secondary
deposits probably small chomata.
Remarks. - Quasireichelina expansa, gen.
et sp. nov. is somewhat similar to Q. serbica(Kochansky-Devide), but differs from thelatter in having a smaller and more thickly
lenticular shell.
The early regularly coiled part of Quasireichelina expansa, gen. et sp. nov. quite resembles certain species of the genus Nankinella,such as N. kawadai (lgo). However, theformer can be easily distinguished from thelatter in having an uncoiled shell in the final
stage of growth.
Occurrence.-Common in Type IIa limestone pebbles.
Material. - Axial section of the holotype;
IGUT-KUOI36. Axial sections of paratypes; IGUT-KUOI35, IGUT-KUOI39,
IGUT-KUOI40, IGUT-KUOI42. Sagittal
sections of paratypes; IGUT-KUOI37,
IGUT-KUOI38, IGUT-KUOI41.
Family Verbeekinidae Staff
and Wedekind, 1910
Subfamily Misellininae MiklukhoMaklay, 1958
Genus Misellina Schenck
and Thompson, 1940
Subgenus Brevaxina Schenck
and Thompson, 1940
Misellina (Brevaxina) sp.

1287
Figure 4-21

Descriptive remarks.-Shell small andalmost spherical with 6 vol utions, 0.96 mm inlength and 0.85 mm, giving a form ratio of
1.13. Inner 2 volutions slightly skew coiled.
Spirotheca composed of a tectum and keriotheca. Parachomata semicircular in transverse
section and developed beyond the third volution.
This unidentified species somewhat resembles Misellina (Brevaxina) dyhrenfurthi(Dutkevich). At any rate, exact identification is postponed until additional specimens are obtained.
Occurrence. - Rare in Type Ic limestone
pebbles.
Material. - Slightly oblique axial section;
IGUT-KU0054.
Subfamily Pseudodoliolininae
Leven, 1963
Genus Pseudodoliolina Yabeand Hanzawa, 1932
Pseudodoliolina aff. pseudolepida(Deprat, 1912)
Figures 7-1-5

Remarks. - The synonym list is followedby Ueno (1991). The present form somewhat
resembles Pseudodoliolina pseudolepida (Deprat) in general shell form and the nature ofparachomata. However, the former has amuch smaller proloculus than the latter.

~
Figure 10. Smaller foraminifers from Type I limestone pebbles. 1: Ammovertella sp., longitudinal
section, IGUT-KUOI72. 2: Globivalvulina sp., lateral section, IGUT-KUOI73. 3,4: Tuberitina spp.,
longitudinal sections, IGUT-KUOI74, IGUT-KUOI75. 5: Eotuberitina sp., longitudinal section, IGUTKUOI76. 6: Glomospira sp., horizontal section, IGUT-KUOI77. 7: Lasiodiscus sp., axial section, IGUTKUOI78. 8: Langella sp., longitudinal section, IGUT-KUOI79. 9: lchthyolaria? sp., longitudinal
section, IGUT-KUOI80. 10: Deckerella sp., lateral section, IGUT-KUOI81, 11: Neoendothyra sp., axial
section, IGUT-KUOI82. 12: Spiroplectammina sp., longitudinal section, IGUT-KUOI83. 13,14: Neohemigordius sp., axial sections, IGUT-KU0184, IGUT-KU0185. 15: Involutinidae gen. et sp. indet. B,
tangential section, IGUT-KU0186. 16,17: Climacammina tenuis Lin, longitudinal sections, IGUT-KU0187,
IGUT-KUOI88. 18: Agathammina sp., transverse section, IGUT-KU0189. 19: Pachyphloia sp., lateral
section,IGUT-KU0190. 20: Tetrataxis sp. D, axial section, IGUT-KU0191. 21: Tetrataxis sp. B, axial
section, IGUT-KUOI92. 22: Tetrataxis sp. C, axial section, IGUT-KUOI93. 23: Nodosaria? sp.,longitudinal section, IGUT-KU0194. 10,15-17,20: X 20, 1-4,6-8, 13, 14, 18, 21-23: X 40, 19: X 60,
9: X 75, 5,11,12: X 100.

1288

944.

Permian foraminifers from Abukuma Mountains

20

22

23

24

Katsumi Ueno
Occurrence.-Common In the Type IIa
limestone pebble.
Material.-Oblique section; IGUTKU0107. Sagittal sections; IGUT-KU0109,
IGUT-KUOllO, IGUT-KUOlll. Tangential
section; IGUT-KU0108.
Family Neoschwagerinidae Dunbar
and Condra, 1927
Subfamily Lepidolininae MiklukhoMaklay, 1958
Genus Colania Lee, 1933
Colania sp.
Figure S-6

Remarks.-I obtained only one tangential
section of this form, which has a fusiform
shell, thin spirotheca and septa, well developed primary transverse septula, and no secondary ones (see Figure 5-6b). Although
the present specimen is not exactly oriented, it
can be assigned to the genus Colania by its
shell shape and nature of spirotheca, septa,
and primary transverse septula.
Occurrence. - Rare in the matrix of theconglomerate member in the Motomura Formation.
Material.-Tangential section; IGUTKU0070.
Suborder Miliolina Delage
and Herouard, 1896
Superfamily Miliolacea Ehrenberg, 1839
Family Fischerinidae Millett, 1898

1289

Subfamily Hemigordiopsinae
Nikitina, 1969
Genus Neodiscus Miklukho-Maklay, 1953

Type species. - Neodiscus milliloides
Miklukho-Maklay, 1953.
Diagnosis. - Shell discoidal to thickly
lenticular, usually involute. Last few volutions evolute in some forms. Spherical
proloculus followed by enrolled undivided
tubular second chamber. Coiling streptospiral in inner few volutions, but essentially planispiral in outer ones. Wall calcareous, porcelaneous and imperforate, resulting
in a brown-colored and fibrous appearance.
Dark microgranular lateral fillings prominent. Aperture at end of tubular chamber.
Remarks. - Mikl ukho- Maklay (1953) originally assigned the genus Neodiscus to thefamily Archaediscidae. However, this genus
has a porcelaneous wall with brown coloredand fibrous appearance, whereas archaediscid
foraminifers have a clear hyaline wall withradial structure. The genus Neodiscus issurely referable to the suborder Miliolina in
its wall composition.
Lin et al. (1990) considered that the genus
Neohemigordius, which Wang and Sun (1973)
originally established with N. maopingensis
as the type species, is a junior synonym of thegenus Neodiscus. However, the former genus
has a dark granular wall and should be assigned to the suborder Involutinina, although
their general shell form and the mode of~ Figure 11. Smaller foraminifers from Type IIa limestone pebbles. 1: Tuberitina sp., longitudinal
section, IGUT-KU019S. 2: Eotuberitina sp., longitudinal section, IGUT-KUOI96. 3,4: Globivalvulina
spp., lateral sections, IGUT-KUOI97, IGUT-KUOI98. 5-7. Pachyphloia ovata Lange, 5: longitudinal
section, IGUT-KUOI99, 6: lateral section, IGUT-KU0200, 7: transverse section, IGUT-KU0201. 8:
Spiroplectammina sp., longitudinal section, IGUT-KU0202. 9: Langella sp., longitudinal section, IGUTKU0203. 10: Deckerella sp., lateral section, IGUT-KU0204. 11,12: Poly taxis sp., axial sections, IGUTKU020S, IGUT-KU0206. 13,14: Tetrataxis sp. A, axial sections, IGUT-KU0207, IGUT-KU0208. 15:
Pachyphloia sp., lateral section, IGUT-KU0209. 16,17: Climacammina sp. A, longitudinal sections,
IGUT-KU0210, IGUT-KU0211. 18: Ammodiscus? sp., axial section, IGUT-KU0212. 19,20.
Climacammina sp. B, 19: longitudinal section, IGUT-KU0213, 20: lateral section, IGUT-KU0214. 21:
Agathammina sp. A, longitudinal section, IGUT-KU02IS. 22-24. Agathammina maxima Xia and Zhang,
22: transverse section, IGUT-KU0216, 23: slightly oblique longitudinal section, IGUT-KU0217, 24: longitudinal section, IGUT -K U0218. 10-12, 16, 17, 19,20: X 20, 1-7, 9, 13-15, 21-24: X 40, 8, 18: X 100.

1290

944.

Permian foram inifers from Abukuma Mou ntains

2

3

6

5
4

8

9

10

I I

12

Figure 12. Sma ller fo ra mi nifers fro m the T ype lI a limesto ne pebble. 1- 4. Neo discus mimbi/is, sp .
nov., 4 : ax ial sectio n of the ho lotype, lGU T-K U0222, 1,3 : ta nge nti a l sectio ns o f para types, IG UTKU02 l 9, lGUT-K U022 1, 2 : sag ittal sectio n of paraty pe, IG UT-KU0220. 5- 10. Neo discus ovalo (G rozdil ova) , 5, 6,9, 10 : ax ial secti o ns, IGU T-K U0223, lGU T-K U0224, lG U T-KU0227, lGU T-K U0228, 7:
o blique secti o n, IGU T-K U0225 , 8: sag ittal secti o n, lGUT-K U0226. 11 : Neodiscus sp. A, ax ia l secti o n,
\GU T-K U0229. 12 : Neodiscus sp. , ta nge nt ia l sectio n, IG UT-K U02 30. A ll X 40.

Katsumi Veno
coiling in the second tubular chamber arequite similar to each other.
This genus somewhat resembles Hemigordius, but differs from the latter in having amore thickly lenticular and almost involute
shell and well developed microgranular lateral fillings.

Neodiscus mirabilis Ueno, sp. nov.
Figures 12-1-4

Diagnosis. - Large Neodiscus having a discoidal shell with rounded periphery and shallow umbilicus. Outer few volutions evolute.
luvenalium consisting of 3 volutions andcoiled glomospirally. Dark microgranularlateral fillings present in planispiral vol utions.
Description. - Shell discoidal with rounded
periphery and slightly umbilicated axial
regions, and involute except for outer 2 volutions. Spherical proloculus followed byenrolled undivided tubular second chamber.
Mature specimens having 8 to 9 volutions,0.55 to 0.68 mm in axial length and 1.63 to
1.98 mm in median width, giving form ratio
of about 0.35. Initial chamber spherical,
being 0.14 mm in outside diameter. Second
chamber gradually enlarging in height
through growth. Coiling streptospiral in
inner 3 volution but essentially planispiral inouter ones. Radi us vectors of the first to
ninth volution of the holotype 0.10,0.14,0.16,
0.17,0.24,0.36,0.48,0.63, and 0.81 mm,
respectively. Wall calcareous and porcelaneous with fibrous and brown coloredappearance. Wall thickness of the first to
eighth volutions of the holotype 0.005,0.010,
O.oI5, 0.020, 0.025, 0.025,0.020, and 0.020
mm. Dark microgranular lateral fillings
well developed in all volutions except forglomospirally coiled juvenile ones, resulting
in the formation of a one-sidedly depressedoval lumen. Aperture at end of tubularchamber.
Remarks. - Neodiscus mirabilis, sp. nov.
differs from N. milliloides Miklukho-Maklay,

1291

the type species of the genus, in having asmaller and more discoidal shell.
The present new species somewhat resembles Neodiscus ovata, N. longus, and N. permicus originally described by Grozdilova(1956) from the upper Artinskian of the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains. However,the former can be distinguished from Neodiscus ova ta (Grozdilova) in having a larger
and more discoidal shell, and from N. longus(Grozdilova) and N. permicus (Grozdilova)
in having a larger shell.
Occurrence. - Rare in Type IIa limestone
pebbles.
Material.-Axial section of the holotype;
IGUT-KU0222. Sagittal section of paratype; IGUT-KU0220. Tangential sectionsof paratypes; IGUT-KU0219, IGUTKU0221.
Acknowledgments
I wish to thank Prof. Hisayoshi Igo of the
University of Tsukuba for critical reading of
this manuscript, and Prof. Sumio Sakagami
of Chiba University for valuable suggestion
during the course of this work. I also wish
to thank Mr. Yutaka Tanaka for his kindcooperation in the field.
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and Dmitriev, V. Yu., 1986: Fuzulinidy i ammonoidei v stratotipe Kubergandinskogo yarusa(Yugo-vostochnyy Pamir). Ezhegod. Vses.
Pa/eon!. Obsche., vol. 29, p.28-53, pIs. 1-3. (inRussian)Chen, S., 1934: Fusulinidae of South China, Part I.
Pa/aeon!. Sinica. ser. B, vol. 4, fasc. 2, p. 1-185,
pIs. 1-16.
Choi, D.R., 1970: On some Permian fusulinids from
Iwaizaki, N.E. Japan. Jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ.. ser. 4, vol. 14, no. 3, p. 313-325, pIs.
5-8.
- - , 1972: Discovery of Ural ian fusulinids from theUpper Permian conglomerate in the Southern
Kitakami Mountains, Japan. Ibid., vol. IS, nos.
3-4, p. 479-492, pIs. 1-2.
- - , 1973: Permian fusulinids from the Setamai-

1292

944.

Permian foraminifers from Abukuma Mountains

Yahagi district, Southern Kitakami Mountains,
N.E. Japan. Ibid., vol. 16, no. 1, p. 1-132, pis.
1-20.
Fujimoto, H. and Kanuma, M., 1953: Minojapanella,a new genus of Permian fusulinids. Jour.
Paleont., vol. 27, no. I, p. 150-152, pI. 19.
Grozdilova, L.P., 1956: Miliolidy verkhneartinskikh
otlozheniy nizhney permi zapadnogo sklona
Urala. Trudy Vses. Neft. Nauchno-Issled.
Geol.-Razved. Inst. (VNIGRI), nov. ser., vol. 98,
Mikrofauna SSSR, no. 8, p. 521-529, pI. I. (inRussian)Han, J.X., 1976: Fusu1inida. In, Geol. Bureau,
Neimenggu, chiefly ed., Paleontological Atlas ofNorth China, Neimenggu vol., no. I (Late Paleozoic), p.23-63, pis. 1-22. Geol. Publ. House,
Beijing. (in Chinese)
Hayasaka, I., 1957: Two Permian nautiloids from
Takakura-yama near Yotsukura-machi, Fukushima Prefecture (Abukuma Plateau region),
Japan. Sci. Rep., Yokohama Natn. Univ., sect. 2
no. 6, p. 21-30, pis. 8-9.
- - , 1965: Some cephalopods in the Permian
faunule of Takakura-yama, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan (With a note on the geology of the
district, by Ichiro Yanagisawa and Mamoru
Nemoto). Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan,
N. S., no. 57, p. 8-27, pis. 2-3.
Huzimoto, H. (Fujimoto, H.), 1936: Stratigraphicaland palaeontological studies of the Titibu Systemof the Kwanto-Mountainland, Part 2.
Palaeontology. Sci. Rep., Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku, sect. C, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 29-125, pis. 1-26.
Igo, H., 1959: Some Permian fusulinids from theHirayu district, southern part of the Hida Massif,
central Japan. Sci. Rep., Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku, sect. C, Vol. 5, no. 47, p. 231-254, pis. 1-4.
- - , 1967: Some Permian fusulinids from Pahang,
Malaya. Geol. Palaeont. Southeast Asia, vol. 3,
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Kahler, F. and Kahler, G., 1979: Fusuliniden (Foraminiferen) aus dem Karbon und Perm vonWestanatolien und dem Iran. Mitt. (isterr. geol.
Ges., vol. 70 (1977), p. 187-269, pis. 1-10.
- - and - - , 1980: Fusuliniden aus den Kalken
der Trogkofel-Schichten der Karnischen Alpen.
In, Flugel, E. ed., Die Trogkofel-Stufe im Unterperm der Karnischen Alpen, Sonderhefte derCarinthia II, no. 36, p. 183-254, pis. 1-9.
Kalmykova, M.A., 1965: Reviziya grupp Pseudofusulina vulgaris i Pseudofusulina kraffti. Voprosy Mikropaleont., vol. 9, p. 111-128, pis. 1-4.
(in Russian)- - , 1967: Permskie fuzulinidy Darvaza. Vses.
Orden a Lenina Nauchno-Issled. Geol. Inst.
(VSEGEI), nov. ser., vol. 116, Biostratigraficheskiy sbornik, no. 2, p.116-287, pis. 1-32.

(in Russian)Kanmera, K., 1956: Toriyamaia, a new Permian
fusulinid genus from the Kuma Massif, Kyushu,
Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.
S., no. 24, p. 251-257, pI. 36.
- - , 1963: Fusulines from the Middle Permian
Kozaki Formation of southern Kyushu. Mem.
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79-141, pis. 11-19.
- - and Mikami, T., 1965: Fusuline zonation of theLower Permian Sakamotozawa Series. Ibid.,
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Kanuma, M., 1959: Stratigraphical and paleontological studies of the southern part of the Hida
Plateau and the northeastern part of the Mino
Mountainland, central Japan, Part II.
Paleontology, no. 3. Pseudoschwagerina,
Pseudofusulina and Parafusulina. Bull. Tokyo
Gakugei Univ., vol. 10, p. 59-107, pis. 4-9.
- - and Sakagami, S., 1957: Mesoschubertella, a
new Permian fusulinid genus from Japan.
Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 26,
p. 41-46, pI. 8.
Kawano, M., 1961: Stratigraphical and paleontological studies of the Paleozoic formations in
the western part of the Chugoku Massif. Bull.
Fac. Educ., Yamaguchi Univ., Mathematics &Sci. , vol. II, spec. no., p. 1-133, pis. 1-15.
Kobayashi, M., 1956: On some new species ofRauserella from Mt. Ibuki, Shiga Prefecture,
central Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc.
Japan, N. S., no. 23, p. 225-228, pI. 32.
- - , 1957: Paleontological study of the Ibukiyama
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48, p. 247-331, pis. 1-10.
Kochansky-Devide, V., 1960: Beitrag zur Kenntnis
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Lee, J.S., 1927: Fusulinidae of North China.
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Katsumi Ueno
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Saitama Univ., vol. 2, no. I, p. 45-114, pis. 5-15.
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fusulinids in the east of Lake Biwa, central Japan.
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Nie, Z.T. and Song, Z.M., 1983: Fusulinids of Lower
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O'hara, S., Sugaya, M. and Nemoto, N., 1976:
Fusuline fossils from the Futaba Tectonic Line of
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Geol., Kyushu Univ., vol. 12, no. 2, p. 57-76, pis.

7-10. (in Japanese with English abstract)- - and Kobayashi, F., 1990: Carboniferous to1293

Permian Akiyoshi Limestone Group. In, Organizing Committee Benthos '90 ed., Fossil andrecent benthic foraminifera in some selected
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2, vol. 2, no. 3, p. 121-162, pis. 34-46.
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Hainan Island, Kwangtung Province. Acta
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97 p., 14 pis. Geol. Publ. House, Beijing. (inChinese)Stewart, W.J., 1966: Schubertellinae volfkempa (nizhnyaya perm) iz gor Franklina Tekhasa. Voprosy Mikropaleont., vol. 10, p.80-87, pis. 1-2.

(in Russian)Suyari, K., 1962: Geological and paleontological

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Permian foraminifers from Abukuma Mountains

studies in central and eastern Shikoku, Japan,
Part II. Paleontology. Jour. Gakugei, Tokushima Univ., vol. 12, p. 1-64, pIs. 1-12.
Thompson, M.L., 1935: The fusulinid genus Yangchenia Lee. Ecol. geol. Helvetiae, vol. 28, no. 2,
p.5II-5I7, pI. 17.
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Kansas, Paleont. Contr., no.4 (Protozoa, art. I),
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Protista 2, Sarcodina, chiefly "Thecamoebians"
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Maolipenhong region in Nei Mongol Zizhiqu.
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Xie, S.G., 1982: Protozoa. In, Geol. Bureau, Hunaned., The Palaeontological A tlas of Hunan, Geol.
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Yanagisawa, I., 1967: Geology and paleontology of
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Fukushima Prefecture. Sci. Rep., Tohoku Univ.,
2nd ser., vol. 39, no. I, p. 63-112, pIs. 1-6.
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Mountainiand. Jour. Geol. Soc. Japan, vol. 67,
no. 788, p. 274-283. (in Japanese with English

abstract)
Zhang, L.X. and Wang, Y.J., 1974: Permian
Fusulinida. In, Nanjing Inst., Geol. Palaeont.

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Sci. Publ. House, Beijing. (in Chinese)
Zhang, Z.e., 1992: Permian fusulinids. In, YichangInst, Geol. Mineral Resour. and Bureau Geol.
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House, Beijing. (in Chinese)Zhou, J.P. and Zhang, L.X., 1984: Fusulinids fromthe Chihsia Formation of Mt. Qixiashan, Nanjing. Acta Palaeont. Sinica, vol. 23, no. 6, p.
716-724, pIs. 1-3. (in Chinese with English

abstract)
Zhou, T.M., Sheng, J.Z. and Wang, Y.J., 1987:
Carboniferous-Permian boundary beds andfusulinid zones at Xiaodushan, Guangnan, eastern Yunnan. Acta Micropalaeont. Sinica, vol.
4, no. 2, p. 123-160, pIs. 1-6.

Abukuma ~iiJjj;.\llil, Akasaka $JN., Chihsia 1f§3, Futaba ~~, Gifu !ij:.$" Guangxi (Kwangsi)
JAg§', Guizhou (Kueichow) jjJl'i, Iriishikura A;o~, Iwaizaki ::6#I/F,\J, Kanokura pt~,
Kashiwadaira *jj3f, Kitakami ~U:, Kozaki IJ\I/F,\J, Kuma ;cj(Jtljl, Kwanto ~nl:[, Kyushu:h:1+1, Maokou ~ IJ, Motomura 5G;ff, Oashi -:kf!!i, Sakamotozawa IN.;ifi;:lR., Soma ;f§,~, Taira
3f, Takakurayama jWj~J1J, Uwano J:!I!f, Wujiaping (Wuchiaping) ~*W, Yaguki i\"3;,.
l¥.i$~iiJjj;.\IlilJ1JJtP., jWj ~ J1J J~n~iJ' I? 0)" Iv A *c1fR.!RM: ~iiJjj;.\IlilJ1JJtP.l¥.i'ifll, jWj~ J1J~~5G;fi~r'ifllO)~;oJ]J(;,fiv4"::6iJ'l? 74!J!l "to)1fR.!RM~~BULt.:o ~O) v4"::6~~~':::'~l?n7.>;0)]1(::6 v 4" f'1-t 0)::6;f§ C ~7.> 1fR.!RM~.:::. J: '? !J 1 "7 la, Ib, Ie, lIa, lIb 0) 5 f1M~.:::.
5Ht I? 7.>0 !J -1 7' I ~.:::.~ i" 7.>;0)]1(::6 v 4" f'1~M¥.o~ ~ ~ i t.n' pure limestone-C-,

n

in

-c

Chalaroschwagerina vulgaris (Schellwien), Pseudofusulina fusiformis (Schellwien), Toriyamaia laxiseptata Kanmera, Minojapanel/a (M.) elongata Fujimoto and Kanuma,

Katsumi Vena

1295

Misellina (Brevaxia) sp. ~ 0) 1ltr:!tJl "'Iv ,b, *cO) Yakhtashian iJ' I? 1ltr:!tJl Bolorian ~~-t- 7 X!! :t-:miJ:% i.:h 'n, 9 0 -15, !J 1 7' II 0):t]JJ(:'5 v =HijliiO) jolHi'i'M!I&.J~%tr impure
limestone "'C', !J 1 7' Ila iJ' I? fi Yangchenia cf. iniqua Lee, Pseudodoliolina cf. ozawai Yabc
and Hanzawa, P. atf. pseudolepida (Deprat) iJ~, !J 1 7' lIb iJ' I? fi Wutuella cf. wutuensis(Kuo), Minojapanella (M.) parva Sheng, Lantschichites ? sp. iJ:~JJIj ~.:h ko .:. h I? !J 1 7'
IIa, !J17'IIbO)~-t-ffijf\;fi.:ch.."f.:h1ltr:!tJlMurgabian, j&:!tJlMurgabian C~*-1?.:h90 ~I? K., .:. 0) v =l'-:'5O)~1ii'<=J:tiJ' I? vt&:!tJl Murgabian ~~-t- Colania sp. iJ~JfiJil. ~ .:ht-=:o i%liif
LlJ ~ lfHi .:. h i "'C':±' v.:. fa:if ~ iJ' I? g[ t±l -t- 9 ~ fE:m v.:. J: -? -C <=J:t:!tJl '" Iv ,b, *c 0) 1ltr :!tJl
Guadalupian c~.:h -C l't-=:o £t@), 5Ctt~ v =l'-:'5<=J:t0)!J 1 7' lIb to J: lf~1ii'<=J:t J: I) &:!tJl
Murgabian (&:!tJl Guadalupian) ~~-t-7 7,' !! :t-:miJ:JfiJil. ~ ht-=:.:. c i.:. J: I), i%liifLlJ~llFO)ffijf\;'h<=J:t:!tJl"'lv,b,*C&:!tJl C&:!tJlMurgabian) C~*-9':'CiJ:"'C'i?90 :;$:IDl1i"'C'fi':'.:hI?1f
fL;a:mO) ? '0 I !€IT~ (Quasireichelina), 4!€ITfm (Codonofllsiella abukumaensis, Dlinbarulaplanata, Quasireichelina expansa, Neodiscus mirabilis) ~ %tr 19 fm (7 X !! :t-:m 18 fm, 'J'~1fR;a:mlfm)~~.-t-90~~.~

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 168, pp. 1296-1310, 6 Figs., December 30, 1992

945. TRIASSIC RADIOLARIANS FROM A LIMESTONEEXPOSED AT KHAO CHIAK NEAR PHATTHALUNG,
SOUTHERN THAILAND*
KA TSUO SASHIDAandHISAYOSHIIGO
Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305

Abstract. We recovered well-preserved Triassic radiolarians from a thin-bedded limestone exposed at Khao Chiak, near Phatthalung, southern Thailand. This radiolarianfauna is associated with conodonts indicating a latest Spathian to earliest Anisian age andcomposed of families such as "Paleozoic-type" Entactiniidae, Actinommidae, spicule-type
Palaeoscenidiidae, and acanthodesmid Nassellaria. We propose a new genus and four new
species herein. The occurrence of the genera Entactinia Foreman and Polyentactinia
Foreman is the first record from the Triassic.
Key words. Triassic radiolarians, conodonts, bedded limestone, Entactiniidae,
southern Thailand.

crete elements of conodonts, which indicate
latest Spath ian to earliest Anisian from residue of one sample. This rad~olarian fauna
includes abundant "Paleozoic-type"entactiniids and actinommids, which exceed
more than 90% of the total identified specimens. Spicule-type palaeoscenidiids andacanthodesmid Nassellaria are also discriminated in this fauna. To date, theoccurrence of the genera Entactinosphaeraand Helioentactinia of the family
Entactiniidae has been reported only from theTriassic limestone of the European Alps by
Kozur and Mostler (1979, 1981). The
entactiniid genera Entactinosphaera Foreman and Poiyentactinia Foreman have neverbeen known to occur in the Mesozoic. The
occurrence of these entactiniid radiolarians
from Triassic rocks provides important evidence in understanding evolution andphylogeny of this family.

Introduction

Limestones distributed around Phatthalung, southern Thailand have been regarded
as the southern extension of the Permian Rat
Buri (or Ratburi) Limestone by Thailand
geologists. Recently, Igo et al. (1988) reported the occurrence of Anisian (early Middle
Triassic) conodonts from a limestone exposedat the quarry of Khao Chiak, near Phatthalung. From this discovery, it becomes clearthat the limestones of this area range from thePermian to Middle Triassic.
In 1990, we made a field survey in the
Phatthalung area and collected limestone
samples from the same quarry of Khao Chiak.
These samples were dissolved by acetic acid,and we obtained abundant well-preserved
radiolarian remains in association with dis*Received June 5, 1992; revised manuscript accepted
September 27, 1992
1296

Katsuo Sashida and Hisayoshi [go1297

Acknowledgments

Geologic setting

Our field survey was supported by a grant
under the Monbusho International Research
Program, No. 02140210. We would like toacknowledge the Department of Mineral
Resources of Thailand for facilities to carryout our research in Thailand. We also express our sincere thanks to Mr. Nikorn Nakornsri of the Geological Survey Division,
Department of Mineral Resources, Thailand
and Dr. Ken-ichiro Hisada and Miss Apsorn
Ampornmaha of the University of Tsukuba
for their kind cooperation in the field.

Limestones forming many isolated hills
surrounded by steep cliffs and with spectacular pinnacles at their tops or with a flat top
are distributed around Phatthalung City,
southern Peninsular Thailand. Series ofthese limestone hills extend further south andcross the national border of Thailand andMalaysia. These limestones had long been
regarded as the Permian Rat Buri (or Ratburi)
Limestone or Group in Thailand (e.g., Brown
et al., 1951 ; Bunopass, 1983) and the Chuping Limestone in Perlis and north Kedah,
Malaysia (e.g., Jones, 1962). Jones et al.
(1966) proposed a new term of the Kodiang,:-- Changwat Phatthalung

oI

.'

"

Figure 1.

Index map of fossil locality.

2km
I

1298

945.

Triassic radiolarians from Thailand

Limestone because Tri ass ic microfossil s wererecovered from some of these limesto nes,
which were regarded as the Chuping Limestone (e.g. , Ishii and Nogami , 1966 ; Koike,
1973; Fontaine et al., 1988).
Lithology and fo ssil contents of this limestone differ from that of the typical Permian
Ratburi Limestone (e.g. , Sakagami , 1966,

1969 ; Yanagid a, 1970). Therefo re, a newterm for these Tri ass ic limestones seems to benecessary, but the proposal should be postponed because the stratigraphic relationshipbetween the Permian and Triassi c limestones
ca nn ot be settled in the Phatthalung area atprese nt.
Kh ao Chiak, one of these iso lated lime-

Figure 2. Conodo nts from the sa mpl e PAT-I. 1,2, Neospalhodus homeri (Bender), 1: Lateral (a)and lateral aboral (b) views ; 2 : Lateral (a) and lateral abora l (b) views. 3, Neospa lhodus limorensis(Nogami), Lateral (a) a nd lateral aboral (b) views. 4: Neohindeodella aequiramosa Kozur a nd Mostler.
5,6: Enanliognalhus sp. 7: Vegh ella ? sp. Scale bars, A to C equal to 100,um ; A applies to 1,3, B to2, 6, 7 and C to 4,5.
~ Figure 3. 1- 12, Enlactinia nikorni Sashida and Igo, n. sp., 1: Intern a l view sho wing the internal
spicule, IGUT-KSOOI5 ; 2 : Holotype, IGUT-KSOOOI ; 3: Paratype, IGUT-KSOOI7 ; 4: Paratype, IGUTKSOOI9 ; 5: Paratype, IGUT-KSOOI 6; 6: Paratype, IGUT-KS0020 ; 7: Para type, IGUT-KS0021 ; 8:Paratype, IGUT-KS0022 ; 9: IGUT-KS0025; 10 : Paratype, IGUT-KS0029 ; 11 : Paratype, IGUTKS0031 ; 12: IGUT-KS0035. 13- 15, Hozmadia ? sp. , 13: Internal view show in g di sposition of the internal spicule, IGUT-KS0050 ; 14: IGUT-KS0050 ; 15: IGUT-KS0049. Scal e bars, A to C equal to 100,um
a nd 0 to 10,um ; A ap plies to 2,4,7,9- 11, B to 3,5,6,12, C to 1,14, and 0 to 13.

K atsuo Sash ida and Hisayoshi 19o

1299

1300

945.

Triassic radiolarians from Thailand

stone hills, lies S to 6 km west of the city areaof Phatthalung and is mostly thickly coveredby heavy tropical scrubby vegetation. Fortunately, the southern cliff of this hill is quarried for construction rubble by local people
and one can measure almost successively an
about lSO-m thick section. This limestone
generally strikes N-S and dips 30 to 80
degrees eastward and is characteristically thinbedded, frequently laminated, fine grained,
pale gray to dark gray and partly pinkish to
maroon. Dark-gray to transparent, cobbleto pebble-size lenticular to nodular chert, andthin rather continuous layers of chert are
frequently intercalated in the micritic part.
Stylolites developed mostly parallel with abedding plane are very common in micritic
limestone. Megafossils are rare throughout
this limestone, but fragments of small-sized
gastropods and pelecypods are occasionallyseen in several levels.
We collected 20 samples, each weighing
about 2 kg, from different stratigraphic levels
at about S-m intervals along the quarry wall.
Most of the samples yielded well-preserved
conodonts in association with fish teeth andholothurian sclerites (Figure 6-3 - 8), but thewell-preserved radiolarians described in thispaper were recovered only from one sample(PAT-I), which came from the lowest level ofthis section. Moreover, radiolarian remains
can be occasionally seen in limestones ofother higher levels, but we failed to recoverthem by the ordinary acetic acid treatment
mentioned below.

limestone samples in the following manner:I) Limestone samples are crushed into
small fragments of several centimeters size.
2) Crushed samples are placed in a diluteacetic acid solution (S to 10%) for 24 hours.
3) Samples are washed and sieved using amesh of SO-J.lm opening. The residue isdried in an oven.
Radiolarian specimens are placed on thestubs for Scanning Electron Microscopy.
observation and also mounted on glass slides
with Enthelan New or Canada Balsam formeasurements by using a transmitted-lightmicroscope.

Method and techniques

Suborder Spumellaria Ehrenberg, l87SSuperfamily Entactiniacea Riedel, 1967
Family Entactiniidae, Riedel 1967

Radiolarian specimens were separated fromAge of sample
The sample (PAT -I) yielded abundantwell-preserved discrete elements of conodont
including Neospathodus homeri (Bender), N.
timorensis (N ogami), Neohindeodella acquiramosa Kozur and Mostler, N. triassica (Mtiller), and others. The joint occurrence of
Neospathodus homeri and N. timorensis indicates that this conodont fauna is of latest
Spathian to early Aegian (earliest Anisian)age and seems to be slightly older than that
described by Igo et al. (1988) from the same
limestone quarry.
Systematic description
All types and figured specimens in thispaper are deposited in the Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba (IGUT).

~ Figure 4. 1-7,9,10,15, Entactinosphaera chiakensis Sashida and Igo, n. sp., 1: Paratype, IGUTKS0003; 2: Paratype, IGUT-KS0041; 3: Paratype, IGUT-KS0044; 4: Paratype, IGUT-KS0042; 5:Broken specimen showing the internal shell, IGUT-KS0042; 6: Broken specimen showing the internal shelland internal spicUle, IGUT-KS0063; 7: Paratype, IGUT-KS0045; 9: IGUT-KS0046; 10: IGUTKS0048; 15: Enlargement of the internal shell of 5, showing the internal spicule. 8, 11-14, 16, 17, Thaisphaera minuta Sashida and Igo, n. gen. and n. sp., 8: Holotype, IGUT-KS0004; 11: Paratype, IGUTKS0073; 12: Paratype, IGUT-KSOOn, note needlelike by-spines on the outer surface of internal shell; 13:Paratype, IGUT-KS0075; 14: IGUT-KS0077; 16: Broken specimen showing the internal shell, IGUTKS0074; 17: IGUT-KS0071. Scale bars, A to C equal to 100 Jim and D to 10 Jim; A applies to 1-4,6,
7,9,10, B to 5,8,11,12, C to 13,14,16, 17, and D to 15.

Katsuo Sashida and Hisayoshi Igo

1301

1302

945.

Triassic radiolarians from Thailand

emend. Holdsworth 1977

Remarks. - Goodbody (1986) emended thisfamily as the superfamily Entactiniacea witha latticed spherical shell and inner spicule,irrespective of the type of inner spicule. As
already discussed by Furutani (1990) and
Wakamatsu et al. (1990), however, disposition of the inner spicule is a distinguishingcriterion between the families Palaeoscenidiidae and Entactiniidae. In this study,
we follow the definitions of these two families
by the latter authors.
Genus Entactinia Foreman, 1963
Entactinia nikorni Sash ida
and Igo, n. sp.
Figures 3-1 - 12.

Diagnosis. - Entactinia with a small, spherical and latticed shell, six to eight threebladed main spines and numerous by- spines
on shell surface.
Description. - Shell small and sphericalwith six to eight massive main and numerous
secondary spines. The main spine is sturdy,
three-bladed and gradually tapers distally.
Its length is about one and a half to twice theshell diameter. Internal framework consistsof eccentrically placed six-rayed spicule,which is very short bar (median bar) centered,thin, rodlike, and joins main spines at the
inner surface of shell. In the present new
species, projection of spicule to a perpendicular plane to median bar (Furutani, 1983), has
the spicule of Type I (Furutani, 1990). Secondary spines arising from corners of interpore lattice are rodlike and taper rapidly.
Shell wall is rather thick, penetrated by variously sized rounded pores. More than 30

pores are counted on the hemisphere.
Remarks. - No species belonging to thisgenus have been reported from Mesozoic
strata. Entactinia nikorni, n. sp. resembles
Entactinosphaera triassica Kozur and Mostler and Parentactinosphaera oertlii Kozur
and Mostler reported from the Triassic limestone of Austria in general shell shape. The
latter two Austrian species, however, differ
from the former in having two sphericalshells. The present new species is also similar to Entactinia itsukaichiensis Sashida andTonishi reported from a chert of the Upper
Permian in the Kanto Mountains, central
Japan, but the latter species is distinguishedfrom the former in having a smaller sphericalshell and sturdier main spines.
Dimensions. - Based on 25 specimens (in,urn): shell diameter 165-210 (average 175);
length of main spine 185-290 (average 220) ;length of secondary spine 65-95 (average 78) ;wall thickness 25-40 (avergae 32); pore
diameter 15-65 (average 22).
Etymology. - The species nikorni is namedfor Mr. Nikorn Nakornsri, senior geologist of
the Geological Survey Division, Departmentof Mineral Resources, Thailand in honor of
his contribution to the Paleozoic and Mesozoic geology in Thailand.
Type. -Holotype (Figure 3-2), IGUTKSOOOI.
Genus Entactinosphaera Foreman, 1963
Entactinosphaera chiakensis Sashida
and Igo, n. sp.
Figures 4··1-7,9,10,15.

Diagnosis. - Entactinosphaera with asmall, spherical, latticed shell, and three to six
rodlike spines.

~ Figure 5. 1-15, Polyentactinia? phatthalungensis Sashida and Igo, n. sp., 1: Holotype, IGUTKS0005; 2: IGUT-KS0085; 3: Paratype, IGUT-KS0081; 4: IGUT-KS0082; 5: Paratype, IGUTKS0081 ; 6: Paratype, IGUT-KS0087; 7: Paratype, IGUT-KS0089; 8: IGUT-KS0088; 9: Paratype,
IGUT-KS0090; 10: IGUT-KS0091 ; 11: Paratype, IGUT-KS0095; 12: Paratype, IGUT-KS0093; 13:
Enlargement of 5, showing the entactinid internal spicule; 14: Paratype, IGUT-KS0097; 15: Para type,
IGUT-KS0094. Scale bars, A to C equal to 100,um; A applies to 1,2,6,7,9, 14, 15, B to 3-5,8,10-12 and
C to 13.

Katsuo Sash ida and Hisay oshi Igo

1303

1304

945.

Triassic radiolarians from Thailand

Description. - Shell spherical with three to
six main spines. The outer shell has small
circular to subcircular pores and bears noby-spines, but sometimes very small nodes arepresent at the lattice. Wall of outer shell israther thick. Main spines are thin, rodlike,
and with acutely pointed distal end. Some
specimens (Figures 4-9, 10) have thick, rodlike and conical main spines. Length ofmain spines is generally equal with the diameter of outer shell. Three short and deep
grooves are present at the base of main spines.
The internal shell is much smaller than outerone. Diameter of internal shell is about ahalf of the outer shell. Internal framework
represented by a six-rayed spicule occupying
an eccentric position in the internal shell.
The internal and outer shells are united by
rodlike, primary and secondary radial beams.
Numerous, thin and rodlike spines arisingfrom the internal shell also connect to theouter shell, but these are rarely preserved
entirely.
Remarks. - The present new species rather
resembles Entactinosphaera triassic a reported
from the European Tethys (Kozur and Mostler, 1979), but the former differs from thelatter in having rodlike main spines.
Entactinosphaera chiakensis is also similar to
Entactinosphaera? brevispinosa Sashida
and Tonishi from Upper Permian chert of the
Kanto Mountains, but the latter species iseasily distinguished from the former in having
short and three-bladed main spines. As
already stated, some specimens (Figures 4-9,10) have rather thick main spines. These
specimens might be classified as anotherspecies, but we tentatively included them inthis new species.
Dimensions. -Based on 40 specimens (in,urn): diameter of outer shell 168-250 (average 210); wall thickness of outer shell 28-35(average 30); diameter of internal shell 55-80(average 70) ; wall thickness of internal shell
8-15 (average 10); length of main spines
135-240 (average 220).
Etymology. - Species name chiakensis

comes from Chiak, the name of the hill (isolated mountain), from where the limestone
samples were obtained.
Type.-Holotype (Figure 4-1), IGUTKS0003.
Genus Polyentactinia Foreman, 1963

Remarks. - Nazarov and Ormiston (1985)
transferred this genus to the family Orosphaeridae Haeckel from the family
Entactiniidae Riedel, because of the stablecentral position of internal framework in theshell and structure of skeletal fabric of thesingle latticed shell (Nazarov and Ormiston,1985). The distinctive forms attributable to
Polyentactinia and Orosphaeridae, however,
have never been reported from the Mesozoic(e.g., Friend and Riedel, 1967; Nazarov andOrmiston, 1985). According to the originaldescription and plates, the type species of thegenus Polyentactinia (P. craticulata) and P.
polygonia have very eccentric internal spicules(Foreman, 1963, p. 281, pI. 5, figs. la-c, 3a-b),
and the shell structure of this genus is generally delicate-latticed. The eccentric positionof internal spicules and this kind of shellstructure should be considered as criteria of
the family Entactiniidae Riedel. . Based on
the above, we assign the genus Polyentactinia
to the family Entactiniidae Riedel.
Polyentactinia? phatthalungensis
Sashida and Igo, n. sp.
Figures 5-1 - 15.

Diagnosis. - Polyentactinia? with an irregular latticed shell and six or seven rodlike
main spines.
Description. - Single, small, nearly spherical, and irregular latticed shell with six orseven rodlike main spines. Shell framework
is composed of intersections of rodlike bars.
These bars partly create a double layered
shell. Unequal triangular to quadrangularpores resulting from intersections of bars arepresent. Very small conical nodes and irreg-

Katsuo Sash ida and Hisayoshi [goFigures 6. 1,2, Archaeothamnulus sp. , 1 : IGUT-KSOIIO ; 2: IGUT-KSOI09. 3- 5, fish teeth.
8, holothurian sc1erites. Scale bars, A and B eqaul to 100,urn ; A applies to 1,3- 8 and B to 2.

ularly shaped protuberances sometimes observed at the junction of bars. Main spines are
long, rodlike and taper distally. The lengthof main spines is one and a half shell diameters in well-preserved specimens. Internal
spicule with seven to eight rays arising fromthe median bar occupying a quite eccentric
position. Internal spicules give rise to main
spines.
Remarks. - Previously known Paleozoic
Polyentactinia have a polygonal and delicatelatticed shell with thin main spines.
Although our specimens have a nearly spherical shell composed of intersections of rodlike
bars, other shell characters coincide with thedefinition of the genus Polyentactinia. We
questionably include this new species in thegenus Polyentactinia. Features of internal
spiCUle and shell in some specimens identified
with the present new species (e.g., Figures 58, 10) are similar to Parentactinia nakatsugawaensis Sashida reported from the Kanto

130 5

6-

Mountains, central Japan. Disposition ofinternal spicule of this new species, however,differs from that of the latter. The internal
spicule of Parentactinia nakatsugawaensis ischaracterized by four apical and basal spines.
Dimensions. - Based on 50 specimens (in,.urn) : diameter of shell 175- 225 (average190); length of main spines of completely
preserved specimens 210-255 (average 225).
Etymology. - Species name phatthalungensis comes from the geographical name Phatthalung, southern Thailand.
Type.-Holotype (Figure 5-1) , IGUTKS0005 .
Family Palaeoscenidiidae Riedel ,1967 emend. Furutani, 1983

Remarks.-Dumitrica (1982) and Wakamatsu et al. (1990) have argued that the
post-Paleozoic palaeoscenidiid-like forms
such as the genera Archaeosemantis

1306

945.

Triassic radiolarians from Thailand

Remarks. - We obtained only fragmental
specimens. One of them (Figure 6-1) moreor less resembles Archaeothamnulus verticillatus (Dumitrica) described from the Middle
Triassic Buchenstein Limestone. Detailed
comparison between them, however, is almost
impossible because the present material isvery poor.

Diagnosis. - Two spherical latticed shells
with four to six main spines. Three-bladedradial beams cross spaces between outer andinner shells, but do not extend inward beyond
inner shell. Numerous conical by-spinesarise from the surface of inner shell. These
spines sometimes reach rodlike or contrary
conical spines from the inner surface of outershell.
Remarks. - The above mentioned diagnostic character of this new genus, Thaisphaera,
is quite identical with the criteria of the family Actinommidae Haeckel emend. Riedel
1967. This new genus is monotypic at present and we cannot discuss the phylogenetic
relation with any other Triassic genera of thefamily Actinommidae.
Etymology. - Thaisphaera (feminine gender) is so named to describe a spherical form
which comes from Thailand.

Family Actinommidae Haeckel,
1862 emend. Riedel, 1967

Thaisphaera minuta Sashida
and Igo, n. sp.

Dumitrica, Archaeothamnulus Dumitrica,and Palhindeolithus Deflandre should betransferred to another or other families fromthe Family Palaeoscenidiidae. Sashida(1991) tentatively included Early Triassic
palaeoscenidiid-like genera in the family
Palaeoscenidiidae, as we do here.
Genus Archaeothamnulus Dumitrica, 1982
Archaeothamnulus sp.
Figures 6- I, 2.

Remarks. - Since Haeckel (1862) set up thisfamily, many genera and species belonging toit have been described. Taxonomic studiesof the Triassic radiolarians belonging to thisfamily, however, are scarce except for Kozur
and Mostler (1979, 1981). Nazarov andOrmiston (1984) introduced the family
Inaniguttidae, which has the same shell character as the palaeoactinommids. Holdsworth (1977) informally grouped palaeoactinommids to the Paleozoic Spumellaria, which has
one latticed shell or more lacking the internal
spicule system. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic relationship between the families
Inaniguttidae and Actinommidae is still uncertain. We employ the family Actinommidae herein.
Genus Thaisphaera Sashida
and Igo, n. gen.

Type species. - Thaisphaera minuta Sashida and Igo, n. sp.

Figures 4-8, 1I - 14, 16, 17.

Diagnosis. - Thaisphaera with small, rather
thick latticed shell and conical main spines.
Inner shell far smaller than outer shell.
Description. - Skeleton consists of two
spherical latticed shells with four to six main
spines. The outer shell is small and rather
thick for the size of shell and has circular to
subcircular or rarely irregular pores of various size. Small nodes are rarely observed at
the junction of intervening bars. Rodlike orthin conical bars arise from the inner surfaceof outer shell and sometimes combine withthe conical by-spines from the outer surface of
inner shell. The main spine is conical andrather short for the size of outer shell. It is
generally three-bladed, rarely rodlike. Its
length is variable, but the longest spine isalmost two-thirds of the diameter of outershell. Three-bladed radial beams connect
with the outer and inner shells. The innershell is spherical and small, and has circularor subcircular pores. More than 25 thin andKatsuo Sash ida and Hisayoshi Igo
conical by-spines are observed on the outersurface of inner shell hemisphere.
Remarks. - This new species resembles
Entactinosphaera phatthalungensis in generalouter shell shape, but it is easily distinguishedfrom the latter species in having a smaller
shell and conical, three-bladed main spines.
Kozur and Mostler (1979) described anddiscussed many genera and species of thefamily Actinommidae from European Triassic rocks. The present new species, however,does not have any similarity to those described by them.
Dimensions. - Based on 20 specimens (in,um): diameter of outer shell 175-205 (average 185); thickness of outer shell 18-25 (average 20); diameter of inner shell 58-70 (average 65); thickness of inner shell 5-20 (average 15); length of main spine 65-85 (average
70).
Etymology. - Latin minutus, meaning minute.
Type.-Holotype (Figure 4-8), IGUTKS0004.
Suborder Nassellaria Ehrenberg, 1875
Family Acanthodesmidae Haeckel, 1862
Genus Hozmadia Dumitrica, Kozur
and Mostler, 1980

Hozmadia?

sp.

Figures 3-13-\5.

Descriptive remarks. - Shell is small andcomposed of globular cephal is with an apicalhorn and three feet. Costae or alveoli arepresent on the surface of globular shell inmoderately well-preserved specimens. The
apical horn is conical and eccentrically
positioned. Three long feet are rodlike anddownward-curved. Internal structure is formed of MB (median bar), A (apical spine), D(dorsal spine), 1 (secondary lateral spine), L(primary lateral spine), but internal arches are
not clear in our collections. According tothe original description of the genus Hozmadia (Dumitrica et al., 1980), bladed feet1307

and arches of A V, AI, VI, Ll and ID are
diagnostic characters. As briefly describedabove, our specimens lack bladed feet anddistinct arches. Therefore, we questionably
include our specimens in the genus Hozmadia. The present unidentified species israther similar to Saitoum sp. reported by
Sashida (1991) from the Kanto Mountains ofcentral Japan.
Dimensions. - Based on 6 specimens (in,um); diameter of cephalis 95-105 (average100); height of cephalis 105-115 (average110); length of feet 87-130 (average 125).
Radiolarian fauna

As discussed in the systematics, we discriminated the following radiolarians fromthe sample (PAT-I); namely, Entactinia
nikorni, n. sp., Entactinosphaera chiakensis,
n. sp., Polyentactinia? phatthalungensis, n.
sp., Thaisphaera min uta, n. gen. and n. sp.,Archaeothamnulus sp., and Hozmadia? sp.
Among these radiolarians, Entactinosphaera
chiakensis, Polyentactinia? phatthalungensis, and Thaisphaera min uta are particularly
abundant and represent about 90% of the total
number of the identified radiolarian specimens. Entactinia nikorni is estimated to beabout 6%. Archaeothamnulus sp. and Hozmadia ? sp. are rare and constitute 3% and 1%,
respectively.
The genera Entactinia and Polyentactinia
have hitherto never been reported from Triassic rocks. The family Entactiniidae Riedel,
which comprises these two genera, is one of
the most important groups of Paleozoic
radiolarians. Recent investigations clarified
the development of this family from the Early
Ordovician (e.g., Fortey and Holdsworth,1971) to Late Permian (Sashida and Tonishi,
1985). Kozur and Mostler (1979, 1981)
introduced several species of the genera
Entactinosphaera, Helioentactinia, and Parentactinosphaera, which have shell structurecomparable to the family Entactiniidae fromthe Triassic limestone of the European Alps.

1308

945.

Triassic radiolarians from Thailand

Our present collections from Thailand, however, cannot be identified with Entactinosphaera described by them at the specific level.
Many genera and species attributable to thefamily Actinommidae were recorded from
Triassic limestones in the European Tethys by
Kozur and Mostler (1979, 1981). Theirdefinition of the family Actinommidae isbroad with respect to shell shape, numbers ofshell and spines, and internal structure.
Among these radiolarians, several species
belonging to the genera Acanthosphaera
Ehrenberg, Heliosoma Haeckel, Triactoma
Rust, and Spongechinus Haeckel have characteristically a polygonal to spherical shell andthree to 20 or more spines. Our new species,
Thaisphaera minuta, however, is not
identifiable to these forms from the European
Alps.
The genus Archaeothamnulus, spicule-type
palaeoscenidiids, introduced by Dumitrica(1982) from the European Tethys, commonlyoccurs III the Japanese Triassic chert
sequences (e.g., Sashida, 1991). However,this genus is rather long-ranging, that is from
Early to Late Triassic (Yoshida, 1986). An
unidentified species of this genus from Khao
Chiak has a close similarity with Archaeothamnulus pterostephanus Dumitrica from theMiddle Triassic limestone of Europe.
Hozmadia ? sp. is rather similar to Saitoum
sp. described by Sashida (1991) from Early
Triassic chert of the Kanto Mountains inJapan. The genus Hozmadia is also an
important constituent of the Middle Triassic
radiolarian faunas (Dumitrica et al., 1980;
Kozur and Mostler, 1981).
As briefly discussed above, the present
radiolarian fauna has both Paleozoic andMesozoic affinities, but is less similar to that
described from Early Triassic chert of the
Kanto Mountains except for one spicule-type
palaeoscenid and tripod N assellaria. The
Early Triassic radiolarian fauna reported
from the Kanto Mountains (Sashida, 1983,1991) is characterized by several genera andspecies of the families Palaeoscenidiidae,

Sponguriidae, Eptingiidae and Acanthodesmiidae.
Concerning paleo biogeographical significance, the present Triassic radiolarian fauna
can be expected to have affinities oftransition
between high-latitude Southern Hemisphereand Tethys faunas based on the recent terraneanalyses of Southeastern Asia (e.g., Metcalfe,
1988; Hutchison, 1989). According to Metcalfe (1988), Peninsular Thailand (Sibumas
Terrane) began to rift from Gondwanaland in
the Early Permian and collided with the
Indo-china Terrane during Late Triassic.
The present fauna will provide importantdata in future discussions of paleogeographyof Peninsular Thailand based on radiolarianfaunas. Our present knowledge of the Triassic radiolarian fauna of the high-latitudes ofSouthern Hemisphere and southeastern Asian
Tethys is very sparse.
POSTSCRIPT. After our manuscript of this paper was
accepted, an important paper concerning an Early andMiddle Triassic radiolarian fauna from the Mino Terrane,
central Japan was published by Sugiyama (1992: Lower
and Middle Triassic radiolarians from Mt. Kinkazan, Gifu
Prefecture, central Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc.
Japan, N.S., no. 167, p.1180-1223). In our present
paper, we stressed the first occurrence of the genera
Entactinia and Polyentactinia from the Triassic, but
Sugiyama also pointed out their Triassic occurrences in
his paper. He transferred several radiolarian families
possessing an internal spicule and spherical shell into theOrder Entactinaria Kozur and Mostler (1982). He
proposed four new genera and 26 new species including
the genera Entactinia Foreman and Polyentactinia Foreman. As pointed out by him, however, separation at theorder rank of these radiolarians still remains disputed.

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1310

945.

Triassic radiolarians from Thailand
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Upper Permian Spumellaria from Itsukaichi,
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Wakamatsu, H., Sugiyama, K. and Furutani, H.,
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p. 157-192, pis. 1-13.

*.
*.

!l-1 OOlW'ifIl/~ ':J !l }v:/ If 1ii'I0) 7J=J- 7 ':J !l K,5j-;(fl't' 0 EEJ(;'fiii' G£'t' 0 -=~*c:&dix;E.: !l -1 OOlW'ifIl/~ ':J !l }v:/ Y 1ii'I0) 7J=J- 7 ':J !l IC53';(P't' 0 ~:!*EEJ(;'fiI:l:.W:l'f I~JftJ:-=~*c1illliX;E. ~ £'t' 0C 0) 1ill1iX;E.1tEtIJ~MI:I:. "r!:l1=. ~ml" Entactiniidae, Actinommidae,
0tl-i:k1t11l-ml Palaeosceniidae 7JI.. V' acanthodesmid Nassellaria ii' GRIt I) , HtM A /~ :/ 7:/-iltr

M 7 .:::. :/ 7 :/ ~5F't'::z / f:/ HtE c :#l'f't' 0 *lVf~ -C. 1:1:. 1 ~~. Thaisphaera 7JI.. V' 4 ~:fill. Entactinia nikorni. Entactinosphaera chiakensis. Polyentactinia ? phatthalungensis 7JI.. V'
Thaisphaera minuta ~~cml<:· $IHl:f't' 0 Entactinia ~7JI.. V' Polyentactinia ~O) -=~*cii' GO)00£W~.~o).*~~00

mffi.~·•• ~.

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 168, pp. 1311-1328, 10 Figs., December 30, 1992

946. INOCERAMUS (PLATYCERAMUS) TROEGERISP. NOV. (BIVALVIA) FROM THE CONIACIAN(CRETACEOUS) OF HOKKAIDO AND ITSSYSTEMATIC IMPLICATIONS*MASA YUKI NOD A
Fukagochi 5 kumi, Oita, 870

Abstract. A new species of Inoceramus from the Coniacian of the Obira area,
northwestern Hokkaido, is described on a population sample. The phylogenetic relationships between I. (Inoceramus) and I. (Platyceramus) are also discussed. I. (P.) troegeri sp.
nov. shows a large extent of variation, with one extreme form resembling a form of I. (I.)
teshioensis Nagao and Matsumoto from the upper Turonian of Japan while the other extreme
is similar to the typical form of I. (P.) mantelli de Mercey from the upper Coniacian toSantonian of Japan. The two forms are linked with each other by various grades ofintermediate forms within the species. This fact may imply that some species of I. (Platyceramus) were derived from I. (I.) teshioensis at or near the Turonian/Coniacian boundary.
I. (P.) troegeri is also assumed to be a common or ultimate ancestor of various successive
species of Inoceramus (Platyceramus) in later ages.
Key words. Inoceramus (Inoceramus), Inoceramus (Platyceramus), Coniacian,population, phylogeny.

amid specimens have been obtained from thelower to middle Coniacian of the Obira area.
Most of them represent one species, which isundoubtedly identical with a species described by Nagao and Matsumoto (1939),
who left it unnamed because of insufficientnumber of specimens and uncertainty about
its locality and stratigraphic position. Now
this new species is proposed on populationmaterial. The species is important in connecting the missing link left undetermined by
Noda and Toshimitsu (1990).

Introduction

Inoceramus (Platyceramus) Seitz, 1961 is
one of the important species-groups belonging to the genus Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814.
Platyceramus was originally proposed byHeinz (1932) but was invalid because of nodiagnosis. The valid subgeneric diagnosis of
Platyceramus was first given by Seitz (1961).
Subsequently, some emendation has been
attempted by Noda (1983). Noda and Toshimitsu (1990) considered l. (P.) mantelli deMercey as a common or ultimate ancestor of
successive species of I. (Platyceramus) of laterages. However, they reserved thephylogenetic origin of l. (Platyceramus) as afurther problem to be solved later.
Recently numerous well-preserved inocer'Received May 13, 1992; Revised
accepted September 27, 1992

Note on geology
The Obira area in northwestern Hokkaido
is famous for its well-exposed Cretaceoussequence and occurrence of well-preserved
fossils. In addition to the classical works oflimbo (1894) and Yabe (1909), themanuscript

1311

1312

946.

Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri, sp. nov.
stream for a distance of 200 m. In anothersection near the Bridge Takimi-Ohashi andthe confluence of a tributary called thelugosen-zawa, the Cretaceous strata Val, Va2,
Vb, Vc and Vd are successively well exposed
along the river floors and banks, and various
kinds of fossils occur there.
The stratigraphic units concerned with thisstudy are Val, Va2, Vb and Vc. For detailsof the above units, readers may refer to Tanaka (1963, fig. 4). Megafossils of inoceramids
and ammonites are listed as follows:
Va 1. Fossils rare. Inoceramus (Inoceramus) teshioensis Nagao and Matsumoto,
Mytiloides incertus (limbo), Scalarites
scalaris (Yabe) and Tragodesmoceroides subcostatus Matsumoto, of which M. incertus isa cosmopolitan zonal index of the upper

Cretaceous stratigraphy of this area has been
recently described by Tanaka (1963), Matsumoto et al. (1978), Tanabe et al. (1977)
and Asai and Hirano (1990) with lists offossil species from the subdivided units. A
geological map by Tsushima et al. (1958) is
also available.
The Cretaceous strata exposed along theRiver Obirashibe are divided into the Middle
and Vpper Yezo Groups, which are subdivided into Vnits Ma to Mo and Va to Ul, respectively (Tsushima et al., 1958; Tanaka, 1963).
The specimens examined were collected fromthe outcrops along the main course of the R.
Obirashibe (Figure I). In the section which
includes the type locality Ob0003 (= loc.
NH76 of Tanaka, 1963), the Vnits Val, Va2,
Vb and Vc-d are successively exposed down-.. 0020.....·0019

Tengu fall
~

~

f>.

':'
\~
~~
II
H,

0

0011

.. ·0012. . . .ir< ~../~.·.0013

V ::/ /::gg~4~40009\~--:::-~... ....

...., .

... 40./ Takimi-Ona0008" -s h I

17L

j~"~

...... 0010

~r~~!!

Mt.Tengu/.',"" ~3S§!~:::\b~e~!J
O'O~

/

..J!

)~

{/'

. . . . 0018

Takishita'--'::=====:::::- •
....

0007

OBIRA

AREA

00J4

o
I

1000m
!

"'-+----'''-J--+-__ 4 2
90km

Figure 1.

Locality map of the Obira area.

Masayuki Noda
Turonian and I. (I.) teshioensis also indicatesthe upper Turonian in Japan.
Va2. Fossils common. I. (1.) aff. tenuistriatus Nagao and Matsumoto, I. (Cremnoceramus) rotundatus Fiege, I. (P.) troegeri
sp. nov. (this paper), Didymotis cf. akamatsui(Yehara), Gaudryceras denseplicatum(limbo), Mesopuzosia yubarensis (Jimbo),
Eubostrychoceras muramotoi Matsumoto andBaculites yokoyamai Tokunaga and Shimizu,
of which I. (C) rotundatus is an effective
zonal index of the lower lower Coniacian ofEurope, Western Interior of U.S.A. andJapan.
Vb. Fossils abundant. I. (I.) uwajimensis
uwajimensis Yehara, I. (1.) aff. pedalionoides
Nagao and Matsumoto, I. (C) ernsti Heinz, I.
(C.) cf. deformis Meek, I. (P.) troegeri,
Didymotis akamatsui, Damesites damesi(limbo), Neophylloceras subramosum Spath,
Tetragonites glabrus (Jimbo), Mesopuzosia
yubarensis and Barroisiceras onilahyense
Basse, of which I. (1.) uwajimensis uwajimensis indicates the lower to middle Coniacianin Japan, and I. (C.) ernsti and I. (C) deformis occur in the lower part of the middle
Coniacian.
Vc. Fossils abundant. I. (1.) uwajimensis
uwajimensis, I. (I.) uwajimensis yeharai
Nagao and Matsumoto, I. (C) mihoensis
Matsumoto and Gaudryceras denseplicatum,of which I. (C.) mihoensis is a zonal index of
the upper Coniacian, but it is associated withI. (1.) uwajimensis uwajimensis in this unit.

1313

ments of length and angle respectively, and aflexible gauge was applied for measurementsof shell convexity. Measurements were madethree times for the same part and the meanvalues were adopted.
2. Evaluation of normal distribution bymeans of the chi-sq uare test.
3. Statistics of the measurement values.
i.e., mean val ue, standard deviation andPearson's coefficient of variation.
4. Examination of individual relative
growth as to shell length versus shell heightand shell breadth versus shell height, obtain
the growth index (a), Y intercept (j3) andcoefficient of correlation (r). The bivariate
analysis is made by the method of reduced
major axes on double logarithmic graphpaper, and the null hypothesis of isometry is
tested.
5. Examination of the ontogenetic changeof selected characters.
6. Evaluation of the significance for morphological difference with allied species bymeans of Student's t-test. The charactersshowing allometry in relative growth andontogenetic changes are evaluated at thegrowth stage of H =60 mm. Welch's method
is applied for the characters showing
significant value in F-test.
For calculation, readers may refer toHayami (1969), Hayami and Matsukuma(1971) and Tanabe (1973).

Systematic description
MethodIn this paper, biometric analyses areapplied for some selected characters in addition to general observations. The basic linear measurements and angles are shown in
Figure 2. The procedure of biometric examination is as follows.
I. Measurements of selected characters.
A caliper of JIS standard 200 mm in measurable extent and 1/20 mm in accuracy and acontact goniometer were used for measure-

Family Inoceramidae Zittel, 1881
Genus Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814

Type species. - Inoceramus cuvierii Sowerby, 1814.
Remarks. - Matsumoto et af. (1987) havealready remarked on the genus Inoceramus,
which includes heterogeneous species-groups.
Noda (1979) preliminarily discussed nomenclature with regard to the "subgenera" Cordiceramus, Endocostea, Plafyceramus,

946.

1314

b

Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri, sp. nov.

b

Figure 2. Basic morphology for measurements. h: shell height, I : shell length, b: shell breadth,
H: maximum linear dimension from umbo to ventral extremity, L: maximum linear dimension perpendicular to H, GA: growth axis, s: length of hinge line, a: anterior hinge angle, y: posterior hinge angle,
0: obliquity, angle between hinge line and H.

Cataceramus, Selenoceramus and Haenleinia, some of which were regarded as invalid. It is also doubtful whether Cremnoceramus and Magadiceramus constitute genusgroup taxa. More comprehensive survey for
taxonomic ranking has yet to be worked out.
The hierarchical rank of the taxa cited above
may not be uniform among researchers andwere sometimes used without any comment.
Subgenus Platyceramus Seitz, 1961

Type species. -Inoceramus mantelli deMercey, 1877 by original designation (Seitz,
1961 ex Heinz, 1932).
Remarks. - Platyceramus Heinz, 1932 wasan independent genus of Family Inoceramidae, but it was a nomen nudum in accordance with the I.C.Z.N. (Art. 50). Seitz(1961) gave the diagnosis of Platyceramus asa subgenus of Inoceramus, and consequently
the name became valid, as Matsumoto, Noda
and Kozai (1982) have already mentioned.
Thus the original author of Platyceramus
should be Seitz, 1961. Despite this situation,
Vokes (1967, 1980) wrongly regarded thename as still invalid and Cox (1969) regarded
Platyceramus as a junior synonym of Inoceramus (Inoceramus). Noda (1983, p.202)
revised Seitz's definition of Platyceramus soas to include the subgenus Cladoceramus
Seitz, 1961 and gave his reasons for doing so.

Masayuki Noda
Inoceramus (Platyceramus)
troegeri sp. nov.
Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6
Inoceramus sp. nov. Nagao and Matsumoto, 1939,
p. 280-281, pI. 27, fig. la, b; pI. 28, fig. I.
Inoceramus sp. nov. Nagao and Matsumoto;Kauffman, 1977, p. 176.
Inoceramus sp. indet. (sp. nov.). Nagao and Matsumoto; Matsumoto and Noda, 1986, p.416.

Types. - Holotype: JG .H3023, at loco
Ob0003f. lower part of Ua2, the lower partof the Upper Yezo Group, about 2 m upperhorizon above the TujCo (Turonianj
Coniacian) boundary. Paratypes: JG.
H3007, 3008, 3009, 3010, 30lla, 3011 b, 3022,
3025b-f, 3036, 3038, 3040a-d, 304la-d and3064a from the type locality. UMUT.
MM6492 (=TK.I-71O) and IGPS22709 (=Sd22709) from the Obirashibe valley, presumably the same locality as the holotype. JG.
H3039 at loco ObOOl2 and JG.H3036 and 3065
at loco Ob0020. See caption of Figures 3-6
for the names of the collectors.
Repositories-IGPS : Institute of Geology
and Palaeontology, Tohoku University, Sendai, JG : Collection of the Jonan Geological
Association, kept tentatively in Noda's personal laboratory, Oita; UMUT : University
Museum, the University of Tokyo, Hongo,
Tokyo.
Diagnosis. - Shell medium to large,
equivalve or slightly inequivalve. Valve
higher than long showing some variation inrough outline, and gently and uniformly convex. Umbo small, situated at the anterior
end. Concentric ribs variable in shape andintensity and in addition to concentric lirae
or rings.
Description. - The holotype (JG.H3023,
Figure 3), JG.H3022, JG.H3025c, UMUT.
MM6492 (Figures 4-2, 5-2) and IGPS22709(Figure 4-1) are closed valves and equivalve.
The specimens JG.H3008,3009 (Figure 6-1)
and JG.H3037 (Figure 5-3a-c) are also
closed valves but they are more or less inequivalve, with the umbo somewhat projected

l3IS

over the hinge line and curved inward andforward in the left valve.
Valves higher than long or almost as highas long, orbicular to oval, more or less elongated along the straight growth axis. Umbonal portion moderately inflated in the left
valve and remaining part gently and uniformly convex. Anterior side narrow and steep
or almost perpendicular to the commissureplane, posterior half a flattened to winglike
area without sharp boundary. Outline fairly
variable; anterior margin long and straightor slightly convex but for slightly concave
portion near the umbo; anteroventral margin
broadly arcuate or rarely sub angularly bent.
Ventral margin curved asymmetrically,
continuing to broadly rounded posterior
margin, which forms an obtuse angle withhinge line. Hinge line somewhat shorter thana half of the shell length on average. Winglike area variable in extent.
Surface ornamented with major and minor
concentric sculptures; the former consists ofconcentric ribs andjor undulations. Concentric ribs appear on the umbonal portion,
crowded, sharp-topped and irregular inbreadth, interspace and intensity. Concentric undulations developed somewhat later
than ribs, low, round-topped and irregular inbreadth, interspace and intensity. Minorrings superposed on the major sculpture andclearly visible on outer shell layer, roundtopped and regular in breadth and height.
Biometry. - The measurements of selectedcharacters i.e., h, I, b, H, L, s, a, y, 0, Ijh,
bjh, bjh H=6omm, LjH, and sjl are shown in
Table 1. Before taking the statistics, the chisquare test was applied for the characters toevaluate their normal distribution. The chisquare values were calculated with degree of
freedom 3. As shown in Table 2, in somecharacters, i.e., Ijh, bjh, bjh H=6omm and sjl,
the values are more than 7.81 which is a 5
percent significant limit at the degree of freedom 3. Thus, the hypothesis of random
sampling from a normally distributed population is quite doubtful. The significant val-

1316

946.

Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri, sp. nov.

Figure 3. Inoceramus (Platyceramus) lroegeri Noda sp. nov. JG.H3023, holotype. X 0.75.
lac. Ob0003f (call. H. Kokubun).

FromMasayuki Nada

1.
2.

Figure 4. Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri Noda, sp. nov.
IGPS22709 ( = Sd22709). X 0.72. From Obirashibe va lley ; precise loca lity unknown.
UMUT.MM6492 ( = TK .I-710). x O.9. From Obirashibe valley; precise locality unkno wn.

131 7

946.

13 18

1.

2.
3.

In oceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri, sp. no v.

Figure 5. Inoceram us (Platyceram us ) troegeri N o da, sp. nov .
JG.H303 8. x O.9. F ro m the type loca lity (ca ll. T . Shima nuki a nd M. N o da ).
UMUT.MM 6492. X O.9.
JG.H303 7. x O.88. From th e type loca lity (ca ll. T. Shima nuki a nd M. N o da).

Masayuki Noda

1.
2.
3.
4.

131 9

Figure 6. In oceramus (Plalyceramus) lroegeri Noda, sp. nov.
JG .H3009. ca x O.88. From the type locality (coli. H. Kokubun) .
JG.H3064a. x O.9. From the type loca lity (coli . H. Kokubun) .
JG .H3065 . x O.9. From loco Ob0020 (coli. T. Shimanuki and M. Noda) .
JG.H3007. x O.9. Showing the hinge structure , from the type loca lity (colI. H. Kokubun).

ues, however, are probably ascribed to acontingency because of the small sample size
and the large extent of variation as discussed
below. Thus the numerical values, Le., meanvalue, standard deviation and Pearson's
coefficient of variation may be meaningful.
As is clear from Table 2, Pearso n's coefficientof variation shows fairly large values in a,
I/ h, b/ h, b/ h H = 6omm and s/ !. The simple
ratio b / h is shown at a definite stage of
growth (H = 60 mm) for the reason mentioned

below.
The individual relative growth of shelllength (I) versus shell height (h) and shell
breadth (b) versus shell height (h) in thewell-preserved specimens are demonstrated in
Figure 7. The growth index (a) , Y intercept(f3) of the red uced major axis and thecoefficient of correlation (r) for every specimen were calculated. According to Hayami
and Mats ukuma (1971 , p. 150, table 2, p. 151 ,fig. 8), the relative growth 1 versus h is within

Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri, sp. nov.

946.

1320

Table 1.

Measurements of Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri sp. nov. from Hokkaido. Linear
dimension in mm.

Specimen

valve

h

I

b

H

L

s

a

y

(1

JG. H3009

RV

80.5

73.6

20.5

86.0

72.0

35.0

102·

134·

65·

LV

73.5

64.7

13.2

82.6

65.1

31.8

88·

142·

61·

RV

72.5

64.5

16.0

83.3

65.1

31.6

90·

143·

60·

JG. H3011a

LV

73.2

67.0

15.0

85.3

69.0

33.5

94·

146·

59·

JG. H30l1b

RV

106.0

100.2

22.7

119.6

90.9

44.8

90·

135·

63·

LV

88.0

82.7

17.0

97.9

78.6

42.0

91·

142·

61·

RV

82.0

77.9

16.3

94.0

76.1

40.5

92·

143"

62·

LV

103.7

93.0

18.4

118.7

90.7

43.7

91·

139·

59·

RV

106.8

95.2

17.9

118.8

92.0

44.7

90·

141·

61·

JG. H3024

LV

45.7

41.0

9.0

48.5

37.3

-

93·

141·

59·

JG. H3025a

RV

34.1

32.5

7.8

41.8

32.6

-

93·

134·

56·

JG. H3025b

RV

79.6

73.2

16.0

90.3

69.5

33.5

94·

140·

61·

LV

39.2

34.5

9.5

45.4

34.4

17.9

90·

143·

62·

RV

40.2

34.6

9.4

45.5

35.8

17.0

92·

136·

63·

RV

47.2

41.7

10.2

54.8

43.1

19.8

92·

136·

60·

LV

71.4

62.4

20.0

78.5

59.4

29.0

98·

142·

60·

RV

62.8

60.0

13.8

70.3

58.0

29.0

94·

142·

56·

IG. H3038

RV

60.9

53.6

13.0

65.9

54.0

26.7

104·

140·

60·

JG. H3039

RV

70.0

64.0

14.6

76.1

62.2

29.0

102·

142·

62·

JG. H3040a

RV

70.0

64.8

14.8

78.4

61.0

32.3

99·

138·

58·

JG. H3064a

RV

63.0

51.4

12.4

70.3

53.0

28.0

89·

139·

59·

UMUT.

LV

73.0

64.0

16.0

79.0

61.7

32.0

97·

135·

61·

RV

70.3

61.2

15.2

79.3

61.0

-

96"

-

61·

LV

126.6

94.0

30.5

130.0

95.0

50.0

86·

145·

59·

RV

125.0

91.3

-

131.0

95.7

-

84·

145·

60·

JG. H3010

JG. H3022

JG. H3023

JG. H3025c
JG. H3025d
JG. H3037

MM6492
IGPS22709

a scope of isometry, whereas that of b versus
h shows negative allometry.
The ontogenetic changes of llh, blh andobliquity (8) are also demonstrated in Figure
8A, Band C, respectively. As is clear from
Figure 8A and C, the simple ratio llh andobliquity are nearly constant throughout
growth, whereas the simple ratio blh
decreases gradually with growth as shown in
Figure 8B.
The profiles of the best preserved holotype
and a paratype in three directions are illus-

Masayuki Noda

1321

Table 1. (continued)
Specimen

valve

I/h

b/h

b/hH~6omm

L/H

s/l

JG. H3009

R.

0.91

0.25

0.25

0.84

0.48

L.

0.88

0.18

0.20

0.79

0.49

R.

0.89

0.22

0.21

0.78

0.49

JG.H3011a

L.

0.92

0.20

0.24

0.81

0.50

JG.H3011b

R.

0.95

0.21

0.22

0.76

0.45

L.

0.94

0.19

0.22

0.80

0.51

R.

0.95

0.20

0.22

0.81

0.52

L.

0.90

0.18

0.21

0.76

0.47

R.

0.89

0.17

0.22

0.77

0.47

JG.H3024

L.

0.90

0.20

-

0.77

-

less than 60 mm in H

JG.H3025a

R.

0.95

0.23

-

0.78

-

less than 60 mm in H

JG.H3025b

R.

0.92

0.20

0.20

0.77

0.46

L.

0.88

0.24

-

0.76

0.52

R.

0.86

0.23

-

0.79

0.49

closed valvesless than 60 mm in H

R.

0.88

0.22

-

0.79

0.47

less than 60 mm in H

L.

0.87

0.28

0.28

0.76

0.46

R.

0.96

0.22

0.23

0.83

0.48

JG.H3038

R.

0.88

0.21

0.22

0.82

0.50

JG.H3039

R.

0.91

0.21

0.23

0.82

0.45

JG.H3040a

R.

0.93

0.21

0.23

0.79

0.50

JG.H3064a

R.

0.82

0.20

0.20

0.75

0.54

UMUT
MM6492

L.

0.88

0.22

0.23

0.78

0.50

R.

0.73

-

-

0.73

-

L.

0.74

0.24

0.24

0.73

0.53

R.

0.73

-

-

0.73

-

JG.H3010

JG.H3022

JG.H3023

JG.H3025c
JG.H3025d
JG.H3037

IGPS22709

remarks

closed valvesposterior part eroded

closed valvessurface ornament eroded

closed valvesclosed valvesclosed valvesclosed valves

I/h: simple ratio of 1 vs. h, b/h: simple ratio of b vs. h, b/hH~6omm: simple ratio of b vs. h at the growthstage of 60 mm in H, L/H: simple ratio of L vs. H, s/I: simple ratio of s vs. I, L.: left valve, R.: rightvalve. vs.: abbreviation of "versus."

trated in Figure 9.

Comparison and discussion. - In addition
to the results clarified biometrically, the specimens examined show a considerable extent ofvariation in the development of winglike

area, outline, inequivalveness and surface
ornamentation, which are hardly expressedbiometrically. For example, JG.H3064a(Figure 6-2) has a well-developed winglike
area, whereas IGPS22709 (Figure 4-la-d)

946.

1322

Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri, sp. nov.

Biometric characters of Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri sp. nov. from Hokkaido.

Table 2
a

y

0

I/h

b/h

b/h H=6omm

L/H

s/l

N

25

24

25

25

24

19

25

21

m

93.2

140.1

60.3

0.888

0.214

0.225

0.782

0.490

s

4.95

3.66

2.04

0.05690.02430.01930.02860.0256

v

5.31

2.61

3.38

6.41

11.36

8.58

3.66

5.22

X2

6.37

7.46

6.37

26.37

11.08

12.56

5.26

8.43

v=3

v=3

v=3

v=3

v=3

v=3

v=3

v=3

N: sample size, m: mean value, s: standard deviation, v: Pearson's coefficient of variation, X2 :chi-square value, v: degrees of freedom

I.b

JG.H3023 L
JG.H3022 L

A

100
90
80
70
60

JG.H3011aL•

JG.H3011bR

50

30
10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

Hmm

100

110

Hmm

20

,
10

,

,,

,

ob::1

,

9

b = O. 523ho. 773

A

B .

A

JG.H3023L

B

J G.H3011 bR

r= 0.9985:::.

..-.~...-~~:':t:10

20

30

.. 0

50

60

70

80

90

b = 0.403ho. 869
r = 0.9978

1+6~7-8~9~IO~-----C20~--7.30~~'~0~50~60~ro~8'-0T.ro~IO~0~~

Figure 7. Diagram showing the individual relative growth between I vs. hand b vs. h, for selected
specimens of I. (P.) troegeri Noda, sp. nov.

Figure 8. Diagram showing the ontogenetic
change of selected characters of l. (P.) troegeri Noda,
sp. nov.
A: simple ratio I/h, B: simple ratio b/h, C:
obliquity o.

Masayuki Noda

1323

LV

RV

c~

r

r

r

?

~,

t,

to

~.

C:JGH302~ A~GH30~
~

B

c

~

~~

..

Figure 9. Profiles oftwo selected specimens of I. (P,) troegeri Noda, sp, nov. in three directions. A:
vertical section along the growth axis, B: transverse section at the highest point of shell convexity,
perpendicular to the growth axis, C: transverse section at the broadest part perpendicular to H.

shows only a scarcely developed one. The
two forms, however, are linked with various
grades of intermediate forms, such as JG.
H3023 (holotype, Figure 3) and JG.H3038(Figure 5-1). Likewise, JG.H3064a and JG.
H3037 (Figure 5-3) show a clearly different
outline, but these are linked with JG.H3009(Figure 6-1) and JG.H3038. The surface
ornament of JG.H3064a is clearly distinct
from that of IGPS22709, but those of JG.
H3023 and JG.H3011 show transitional characters linking the above two specimens. A
specimen JG.H3064a resembles the typicalform of /. (P.) mantelli de Mercey, but thetwo species are clearly discriminated morphologically at the population level by meansof Student's t-test (Table 3). Moreover, inthe present sample the simple ratio Ilh andobliquity (0') are constant throughout growth

and the simple ratio blh decreases withgrowth, whereas the simple ratio Ilh decreases
rapidly and obliquity (0') increases withgrowth in /. (P.) mantelli (see Noda andToshimitsu, 1990, p. 50, fig. lOA and C). JG.
H3064a may be an extreme form foreshadowing the characters of /. (P.) mantelli.
/. (P.) mantelli? rhenanus Heinz figuredby L6pez (1986a, pI. 1, fig. 5; 1986b, pI. 1, fig.
4) from the lower Coniacian of S1. Cornell inthe southcentral Pyrenees somewhat resembles a form of the present species, but as his
photograph shows, the specimen no. 35009
has a larger ratio of Ilh and larger obliquity
in comparison with those of any specimen of
the present sample (L6pez, 1986, p. 27, a: 39°
is probably a misprint of 93°).
The specimen UMUT.MM6492 andIGPS22709 were originally assigned to the

946.

1324

Table 3.

Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri, sp. nov.

F -test and Student's t -test for selected characters of Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri
sp. nov. and I. (P.) de Mercey.
Q'

A

Y

0

I/h

b/h

L/H

s/I

N

25

24

25

25

( 19)

25

21

m
s

93.2

140.1

60.3

0.888

(0.225)

0.782

0.490

4.95

3.66

2.06

0.0569(0.0193)0.02860.02566.5864F value

3.6523

6.54023.24372.12783.46006.3026significance

•

•

•

0

•

•

•

t value

5.791

7.799

3.087

2.807

1.893

3.046

1.455

significance

•

•

•

•

0

•

0

N

27

24

16

14

14

14

24

m
s

105.2

124.1

57.2

0.951

0.205

0.843

0.51 I

9.46

9.36

3.67

0.08300.03590.07180.0657

B

A: I. (P.) troegeri, B: I. (P.) mantelli, • : significant, 0 : not significant,
The values in parentheses showing at the growth stage of 60 mm in H.
For others readers may refer to Tables I, 2 and Figure 2.

"group of I. concentricus" (Nagao and Matsumoto, 1939) but their precise locality andstratigraphic position were unknown at thattime. Kauffman (1977) pointed out, without
examining the actual specimens, that thefigures in Nagao and Matsumoto (1939, pI.
27, fig. la, b; pI. 28, fig. I) closely resemble I.
heinzi Sornay from the middle and upper
Cenomanian of Europe, Madagascar and theWestern Interior, U.S.A., especially the one
illustrated by Sornay (1965, fig. 3). However, as Kauffman mentioned, the specimensfrom Hokkaido are broader and flatter than
the type of I. heinzi (Sornay, 1965, pI. B, fig.
4). The actual specimens of Nagao andMatsumoto are clearly distinct from the typeof I. heinzi in the flatter valves, broader
outline, less significant inequivalveness andmuch higher horizon (lower to middle
Coniacian).
To sum up, the present sample examined is
not identical, at population level, with anyother species hitherto described. A new
species Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri isestablished herein.
Etymology. - This species is dedicated toProfessor Dr. Karl-Armin Trager of Berga-

kademie Freiberg for his great contribution
to Cretaceous biostratigraphy and molluscan
palaeontology.
Remarks on the subgeneric assignment.This species is certainly ascribed to the genus
Inoceramus (s.l.) on the grounds of the characters described above. It is, however, clearly distinct from the species assigned to I.
(Inoceramus) because of its subequivalveness,broad outline and too flat valves, except forthe somewhat convex umbonal part. On theother hand it is closely related to I. (Platyceramus) mantelli, that is, to the type species ofI. (Platyceramus), because it includes a form
which foretells the characters of I. (P.)
mantelli. Moreover, the hinge plate of I.
(Inoceramus) is, as observed in 1. (I.) cuvierii
and I. (I.) hobetsensis, considerably thick,with coarse, deep and elongate-ovate ligamentpits separated by angular ridges, whereas thatof I. (Platyceramus) is not so thick with finer,
shallower and multiovate pits and flatterridges (Crampton, 1988). The hinge Sfructure of this new species (Figure 6-4) is intermediate between the two morphologicaltypes.
The above facts may imply that the impor-Masayuki Nodatant characters for subgeneric criteria change
gradually with age and some of the varieties
foretell the characters of the next younger
species-group. In such a case it may bearbitrary to decide which of the two subgenera should be adequate for the species inquestion. I agree with Matsumoto (personalcommunication) that this species should be
ascribed to the younger subgenus, so far as
new characters do appear in that species, even
if some of the older or ancestral characters
may remain in it. The criteria of a certain
taxon are not necessarily completed simultaneously. From the above discussion, it isreasonable to assign the present species to I.
(Platyceramus ).
Occurrence. - The locality map is shown in
Figure 1.
Loc. Ob0003f (= loco NH76 of Tanaka,1963). Topographic map of Takishita
Quad., scale 1: 25,000, the type locality.
Long. 141°03'50"E, Lat. 44°03'09"N. A cliff
on the left side of the main course of the R.
Obirashibe, about 500 m upstream from the
Tengu-bashi (Tengu-bridge), Obira area,
northwestern Hokkaido. A sketch of theoutcrops of ObOOOI-0003 (= locs. NH74-76
of Tanaka, 1963) is shown in Figure 10. The
specimens examined were obtained from calcareous nodules of the layer marked as f in1325

Figure 10. The f-Iayer consists of silty sandstone, the kind of sediments of Unit Ua2(Tanaka, 1963) of the lower part of the Upper
Yezo Group. F or the associated species see
p. 48. From locality Ob0003b, a river floor
about 4 m upstream from loco Ob0003f(stratigraphically 2 m lower horizon from loco
Ob0003f), I. (I.) teshioensis and Mytiloides
incertus, effective zonal indices of the upper
Turonian, were obtained. Therefore
Ob0003b-0003f must be very close to the
Tu/Co boundary, although the actual boundary is not yet confirmed with certainty.
Loc. Ob0012 (= 10c.NH78 of Tanaka,1963). Topographic map ditto. Long. 141°
54' 57"E, Lat. 44°04' 13"N. A river floor of
the R. Obirashibe about 4,000 m upstreamof loc. Ob0003, below the Bridge TakimiOhashi. Silty sandstone bed at the base of
Unit Ub. For the associated species see p.
1313.
Loc. Ob0020. Topographic map ditto.
Long. 141°56'19"E, Lat. 44°04'28"N. A leftbank of the R.Obirashibe somewhat downstream from the confluence with the Jugosenzawa. Mudstone bed containing siderite
nodule of Unit Ub. For associated fossils
see p. 1313.
Range. - From the associated inoceramid
and ammonite species the range of I. (P.)-.
~----------------~I

Ob0003~I----------------------------~

Figure 10. Sketch of the outcrops ObOOO 1-0003.
onian sediments.

Ob0002

f: fossil-bearing bed, basal Coniacian. b: Tur-

1326

946.

Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri, sp. nov.

troegeri sp. nov. in the Obira area is theLower to Middle Coniacian. The true range
should be made clear on the basis of further
stratigraphic work in various regions.
Discussion of phylogeny

The sample of /. (P.) troegeri from thelower to middle Coniacian is sufficiently large(but rather insufficient in number for the chisquare test), and it shows a considerable
extent of variation in both of the measurable
and unmeasurable characters. Some specimens of /. (P.) troegeri, e.g., JG.H3037 and3065, show the characters of /. (/.) teshioensis
in the inequivalveness, shell convexity andsurface ornamentation especially in its
younger stage of growth, whereas some otherspecimens, e.g., JG.H3009 and 3064a, resemble the typical form of I. (P.) mantelli.
However, the above forms are extremes,
which are linked by various grades of intermediate forms. In the case of a large extent
of variation within a species, an ancestralcharacter mayor may not remain in somespecimens, whereas a new character may
begin to appear in other specimens. Such
new characters would be settled mor~ firmly
in the descendants.
From the above discussion, /. (P.) troegeri
can be regarded as an ultimate or common
ancestor of various kinds of species of /.
(Platyceramus), linking the latter with /. (/.)
teshioensis, and /. (P.) troegeri may be an
immediate ancestor of I. (P.) mantelli. Thus,
some species of /. (Platyceramus) were assum ably derived from /. (I.) teshioensis at ornear the beginning of the Coniacian.
Conclusion
1. Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri sp.
nov. from the lower to middle Coniacian of
the Obira area shows a large extent of variation in both measurable and unmeasurable
characters.
2. Some specimens of this species resem-

ble the typical form of /. (P.) mantelli fromthe upper Coniacian to Santonian in Japanand some others closely resemble specimensof /. (I.) teshioensis from the upper Turonian.
These two forms are extremes of variation
which are linked by various grades of intermediate forms.
3. /. (P.) troegeri is probably an immediate ancestor of /. (P.) mantelli and can be
regarded as an ultimate or common ancestorof various later species of /. (Platyceramus).
/. (P.) troegeri shows an intimate relationshipwith I. (/.) teshioensis. Thus, /. (Platyceramus) may have been derived from /. (Inoceramus) through /. (P.) troegeri at or near the
TujCo boundary.
Acknowledgements

I express my sincere thanks to Emeritus
Professor Tatsuro Matsumoto of Kyushu
University for his kind help in the field andlaboratory work, and also for his criticalreading of the typescript with instructive suggestions. I thank Dr. Jacques Sornay ofFrance for his valuable comments and interesting suggestion on /. (P.) mantelli through aletter to Matsumoto. I am indebted to Professor Itaru Hayami of the University ofTokyo and Professor Kei Mori and Dr. Kenshiro Ogasawara of Tohoku University (atpresent, Professor of Tsukuba University) for
their kindness in providing facilities for the
study of the original specimens of Nagao andMatsumoto. My gratitude is extended to
Messrs. Hiroji Kokubun of Mikasa, Toshio
Shimanuki of Kurisawa, Shigehiro Uchida ofIwamizawa and Kenji San ada of Sapporo for
their help in the field work, and offering agreat number of useful specimens from theircollections to this study.
References cited
Asai, A. and Hirano, H., 1990: Stratigraphy of theUpper Cretaceous in the Obira area, northwestern Hokkaido. Gakujutsu Kenkyu, School ofMasayuki Noda
Educ., Waseda Univ., Ser. BioI. and Geo!., vol.
39, p. 37-50.
Cox, L.R., 1969: Family Inoceramidae Giebel, 1852.
In, Moore, R.C., ed., Treatise on invertebrate
paleontology, part N, Mollusca 6 (1 of 3), p.
N314-321. Geol. Soc. America and Univ. Kansas Press.
Crampton, J.S., 1988: Comparative taxonomy of thebivalve families Isognomonidae, Inoceramidae
and Retroceramidae. Palaeontology, vol. 31, pt.
4, p. 965-996, pis. 88-90.
Hayami, I., 1969: Mensuration of fossils and statistics. An example of palaeontological exercise.
Sci. Repts., Dept. Geo!., Kyushu Univ., vol. 10,
no. 2, p.67-90. (in Japanese with English
abstract)- - and Matsukuma, A., 1971: Mensuration of fossils and statistics. Analysis of allometry andvariation Ibid., vol. 10, no. 3, p. 135-160. (inJapanese with English abstract)
Heinz, R., 1932: Aus der neue Systematik der Inoceramen. Mitt. Min. Geo!. Staatsinst. Hamburg,vol. 13, p. 1-26.
Jimbo, K., 1894: Beitriige zur Kenntnis der Fauna die
Kreideformation von Hokkaido. Palaeont. Abhandl., N.F., vol. 2, no. 3, p. 140-198, pis. 17-25.
Kauffman, E.G., 1977: Systematic, biostratigraphic
and biogeographic relationships between Middle
Cretaceous Euramerican and North PacificInoceramidae. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, Spec.
Papers, no. 21, p. 169-212.
L6pez, G., 1986a: Inoceramidos del Cretacico superior de los Alrededores de St. Cornell (Prov.
Lleida). Univ. Autonoma, Barcelona, Pablicaciones de Geologia, no. 22, p. 1-33, pis. 1-8.
1986b: Distribuci6n de Inoceramidos(Bivalvia) en la zona Sudpirenaica central.
Paleont. Evol., vol. 20, p.235-239.
Matsumoto, T., 1984: The so-called TuronianConiacian boundary in Japan. Bull. Geol. Soc.
Denmark, vol. 33, p. 171-181.
- - , Asai, A. and Hirano, H., 1987: Some inoceramids (Bivalvia) from the Cenomanian(Cretaceous) of Japan-II. Three species from
Hokkaido, well known abroad but hitherto undescribed in Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc.
Japan, N.S., no. 147, p. 147-164, 8 figs.
- - and Noda, M., 1986: Some inoceramids(Bivalvia) from the Cenomanian (Cretaceous) ofJapan-I. New or little known four species from
Hokkaido and Kyushu. Ibid., no. 143, p.409421, pis. 81-85.
- - , - - and Kozai, T., 1982: Upper Cretaceous
inoceramids from the Monobe area, Shikoku.
In, Matsumoto, T. and Tashiro, M. ed., Multidisciplinary research in the Upper Cretaceous of theMonobe area, Shikoku. Palaeont. Soc. Japan,

1327

Spec. Papers, no. 25, p. 53-68, pis. 8-11.
- - , Okada, H., Hirano, H. and Tanabe, K., 1978:
Mid Cretaceous biostratigraphic succession in
Hokkaido. Ann. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Nice, vol. 4(for 1976), capt. 33, p. 1-6.
Nagao, T. and Matsumoto, T., 1939: A monographof the Cretaceous Inoceramus of Japan, part 1.
Jour. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Ser. 4, vol.
4, nos. 3-4, p. 241-299, pis. 23-34.
Noda, M., 1979: Nomenc1atorial survey on Inoceramus balticus Bohm and its related species.
Fossils (Palaeont. Soc. Japan), no. 29, p. 107121, pis. 1,2. (in Japanese)- - , 1983: Notes on so-called Inoceramus
japonicus (Bivalvia) from the Upper Cretaceousof Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.
S., no. 132, p. 191-219, pis. 41-46.
- - and Toshimitsu, S., 1990: Notes on a
Cretaceous bivalves Inoceramus (Platyceramus)
mantelli de Mercey from Japan. Ibid., no. 158,
p.485-512, 16 fig.
Seitz, 0., 1961: Die Inoceramen des Santon von
Nordwestdeutschland. Beih. Geol. Jb., vol. 46,
p. 1-186, pis. 1-15.
Sornay, J., 1965: La fauna d'Inocerames deCenomanien et du Turonien inferieur du sudouest de Madagascar. Ann. Paleont., vol. 51,
no. I, p. 3-18, pis. A-C.
Tanabe, K., 1973: Evolution and mode of life of
Inoceramus (Sphenoceramus) naumanni Y okoyam a emend., an Upper Cretaceous bivalve.
Trans. Proc. Papaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., no. 92,
p. 163-184, pis. 27, 28.
- - , Hirano, H., Matsumoto, T. and Miyata, Y.,
1977: Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous
deposits in the Obira area, northwestern Hokkaido. Sci. Rep., Dept. Geol., Kyushu Univ.,
vol. 12, no. 3, p.181-202. (in Japanese withEnglish abstract)
Tanaka, K., 1963: A study on the Cretaceous sedimentation in Hokkaido, Japan. Rep. Geol.
Surv. Japan, no. 197, p. 1-119, pis. 1-3.
Tsushima, S., Tanaka, K., Matsuo, H. and Yamaguchi, N., 1958: Tappu (Asahikawa-34). Explanatory text of the geological map of Japan,
scale I : 50,000, Geol. Surv. Japan, p.66+8, I
map (in Japanese with English abstract).
Vokes, H.E., 1967: Genera of the bivalvia: A systematic and bibliographic catalogue. Bull.
A mer. Paleont., vol. 5, no. 232, p. 105-394.
- - , 1980: Genera of the bivalvia: A systematicand bibliographic catalogue (revised and updated). 307 pp. Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca, New York.
Yabe, H., 1909: Zur Stratigraphie und Paliiontologie
der oberen Kreide von Hokkaido und Sachalin.
Zeitsch. Deutsch. Geol. Gesellsch., vol. 61, p.

946.

1328

Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri, sp. nov.

402-444.

Asahikawa 1l!!)II. Battano-sawa /~ 'Y 11 (J)iR. Fukagochi i*ViJP3. Hongo *~. Iwamizawa:!EH!iR. Jonan ~i¥i. Jugosen-zawa -r1l..iR. Kurisawa ~iR. Mikasa =~. Nanbuno-sawai¥ifiB(J)iR. Obira 'J':>jZ. Obirashibe 'J':>jZ~. Oita *51. Sapporo tL~. Sendai fwil'. TakimiOhashi ltJ!*;JI. Takino-sawa lIl(J)iR. Takishita lilT. Tengu-bashi ::R~;JI. Tsukuba "?
<Ii (Yi:7Bl). Yezo *-.:f (!bN~).
~ti'faji(J) ~r!IR*::7 .::. 7 '/ 7 :/~iI' 1?~1±l1..-t.:: Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri sp.
nov. c :t(J)*~I¥.J~~tc"?\',-C : *~1:fi~ti'faji~tg§$'J':>jZ!1B~(J) BllE*::7 .::. 7 '/ 7:/~iI' I?~ L.. t.:: Inoceramus (J) 1 ji'f'itc "?\, '-C ~~ L... .1.>b-l?:-C oo1*ff(J)lL:Wiil' I? \" <"?iI'(J)~jfi)c"?\"-CillU~~I¥.J~W-z.~.;r,..Go it.::. *f'i-z.iI'\" L.. -C /. (Inceramus)C /. (Platyceramus) c(J)*~I¥.JI*I1*-z.~~-tGo .:.:tcji'f'ic L..-C~PIl\-tG Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri Noda fi~n~~iii~~(J)~1M'* ~:t(J)~~t.c"4:> (J)1:fi EI *(J) 7- "'- p.::. 7 :/I!M'J:$(J) /. (/.) teshioensis Nagao and Matsumoto tcf.!;.lk*!Ha-z.7f--too1*"4:>.1.> Gil'.
EI *(J) ::7 .::. 7 '/ 7 :/~J:$iI' I? -if":/ ~ .::. 7 :/~tCil,vt-C~-t G /. (P.) mantelli deMercey tci1f:H~mt-z.7f--too1*"4:>.1.> Go L..iI' L... jjIij~f;t\" 0 \, 'J:d.cf~i!lt(J) ~i",'~1:~iI;.h. 00
1*ff(J)lL~iI' I? fii'iJ-f'itc~-t G c ~ *-~. G -z.~t.c \, ' 0 . : (J) .: Hi. /. (Platyceramus) (J) \"<"? iI'(J)f'iil' 7- "'- p .::. 7 :/ -::7 .::. 7 '/7 :/ (J)1lW-:M iI'. it.:: fi. :t .htci1f:\" ::7 .::. 7 '/7 :/ (J)
1f!-\, 'lIi'f:Mtc /. (/.) teshioensis ii' I? 51ft L.. k.: c -z.7f-~ L.. -C \" Go L.. t.::iI' '0 -C. *fifi~tc(Platyceramus)(J)"±.'I!If.. W*-z..b <lb-C \" 0 \" 0 t.cf'i(J). ;it;jj(J).1.> G \, 'fi~~(J)7t<.

ft!!.:n.

m< /.

.c~*-I?.hGo<.ffi.~

Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 168, pp. 1329-1338, 6 Figs., December 30, 1992

947. COLEOID SPIRULIROSTRA (CEPHALOPODA,
MOLLUSCA) FROM THE MIOCENE MIZUNAMIGROUP, CENTRAL JAPAN *SUSUMU TOMIDA
Chfiky6 Junior College, Mizunami City, Gifu Prefecture, 509-61

Abstract. A coleoid phragmocone with a rostrum was found from the Miocene
Tsukiyoshi Member of the Akeyo Formation, Mizunami Group in Mizunami City, central
Japan. It is identical with the holotype of Spirula mizunamiensis Tomida and Itoigawa,
1981, found from the Nataki Conglomerate Member of the Oidawara Formation, Mizunami
Group. However, the present careful taxonomic examination concludes that mizunamiensis
belongs to the genus Spirulirostra d'Orbigny, 1842. Therefore, Spirulirostra mizunamiensis(Tomida and Itoigawa) should be used for the Mizunami specimens. Spirulirostra
mizunamiensis differs from Spirulirostra bellardii, Spirulirostra baetensi and Spirulirostrina
lovisatoi, of the Miocene in Europe, and also from Amerirostra americana of the Miocene
in Mexico. The Tsukiyoshi specimen was obtained in association with the autochthonous
embaymental molluscan fauna of Cyclina- Vicarya assemblage from a tuffaceous sandy
mudstone. This occurrence indicates that a pelagic spirulirostrid has been transported tothe intertidal muddy bottom of the inner bay after post-mortem drifting from the open sea.
Key words.
Central Japan

Spirulirostra mizunamiensis, Cephalopoda, Miocene, Mizunami Group,

Miocene Mizunami Group, in contrast to
their rather common occurrence in the European Miocene. The occurrence of thisspecies seems to be useful in determining thephylogenetic relation between the fossil andthe Recent coleoids.

Introduction
A coleoid fossil was found in 1985 from
Tsukiyoshi, Akeyo-cho, Mizunami City (Figure 1). It was entrusted to the Mizunami
Fossil Museum, which gave me the opportunity to study it. The specimen was examinedby soft-X-ray radiography, computed tomography and scanning electron microscope.
The purpose of this paper is to give an
account of the taxonomic position andpaleontological significance of the Tsukiyoshi specimen, and to reexamine the holotypeof Spirula mizunamiensis described from the
Miocene Nataki Conglomerate Member of
the Oidawara Formation, Mizunami Group(Tomida and Itoigawa, 1981). Reports offossil coleoids in Japan are restricted to the

Geological occurrence
The Early to Middle Miocene Mizunami
Group is distributed in and around
Mizunami City. The Mizunami Group isdivided into the Toki Lignite-bearing Formation, the Hongo Formation, the Akeyo Formation and the Oidawara Formation, as
shown in Figure 2 (Itoigawa, 1980). The
upper two formations, the Akeyo and the
Oidawara, are marine in origin. The Akeyo
Formation is divided into four members,
namely, the Tsukiyoshi Member, the Togari"Received May 17, 1992; revised manuscript accepted
October 1, 1992
1329

1330

947.

Spirulirostra from the Miocene Mizunami Group

Formation

Age (~a)
III
IIl c
_Ill

<Il c:... 015

co:;: Oidawara Mudstone Member

;:

"Ou
"00

~~

-

<Il
<Il
.- 0
OLL

Nataki Congl. Mem. xl...

Shukunohora Facies

'0

16

E
...
Q)

C.
:J
0

L.

c.
c.

c: ::J

Hazama Member

.2
<Il

C)
2 Yamanouchi.- §0 '0
'C

III
C

E

III

LL ~
Memberutil
0
0 17 C
;>,
:J
Q)
~
N
Togari Member"" Qj>::::E «

0
'0

'"

~

.~

""

LL

::J

<Il

(j)

()

<Il

;: T~kiYO-shi~~

L.

til

0
...J

UJ

~

Hongo Formation

18
19

Figure 1. Index map showing the locality of
the Tsukiyoshi specimen of Spirulirostra. X = Fossil locality. (Topographic map cited, Quadrangle"Toki," 1: 25,000-scale topographic map of Japan,
Geographical Survey Institute).

Toki Lignite-bearing Formation

Figure 2. Stratigraphical classification of the
Mizunami Group in the Mizunami basin (cited from
Itoigawa, 1980) X = Occurrence of Spirulirostra
mizunamiensis. X I denotes horizon reported byTomida and Itoigawa (1981); x2 marks present
record.

Description of the Tsukiyoshi specimen
Member, the Yamanouchi Member and theHazama Member, in ascending order. The
Oidawara Formation, which is unconformably underlain by the Akeyo Formation, is
composed of mudstone with the basal Nataki
Conglomerate Member.
The Tsukiyoshi Member which yielded thepresent spirulirostrid specimen is the lower
part of the Akeyo Formation. It is distributed in Shomasamabora, Tsukiyoshi, Akeyocho, and is mainly composed of a massive
tuffaceous sandy mudstone and sandstone ofabout 30 m thick (Figure 3). This member
yields abundant subtropical marine molluscan fossils (Itoigawa, 1989; Itoigawa andYamanoi, 1990) associated with some plantfossils of the Daishima type. The age of the
Akeyo Formation is assumed to be 18 to 16+
Ma (Itoigawa, 1988).

The Tsukiyoshi specimen (Figures 4-1- 6,
5-1 -7 and 6), has the following characteristics.
Description. - Phragmocone moderate insize, slender and endogastrical; adoral orthocone straight with small apical angle andadapical cyrtocone; posterior end abruptly
curved and completely turned. Surface ofphragmocone ornamented with a netlike
structure, constrictions corresponding to divisions of internal septae and fine growth lines.
Chamber length shorter than diameter; transverse section elliptical and dorsoventrallycompressed, with ratio ranging from 0.84 to
0.87. Chamber wall slightly convex. Septum with shallow and posteriorly convex
surface; septal suture straight and nearlyhorizontal on lateral side, and v-shaped on
center of ventral side. Siphuncle somewhat
thick, tubular, oval, dorsoventrally elongatedSumumu Tomida

1331

follows:

Phacosoma- Siratoria._

Length Diameter

LID
ratio

Chamber Length Diameter

LID
ratio

assemblage

1...

..c

ChamberQ)

Nipponornarcia

rn.o

~E
Q)

assemblage

.-

4
5
6

32
C/)

I-

10m

Cyclina- Vicarya

10

2.6
2.5
2.15
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.8
1.5
1.5

7.4
6.8
6.7
6.4
5.5
4.8
4.3

0.29
0.28
0.30
0.31
0.33
0.31
0.35

11
1.3
4.0
12
1.4
3.8
13
1.25
3.6
14
1.2
3.4
15
!.I 5
3.2
16
0.95
2.9
17
0.8
2.7
18
!.I
19
20-?24 not visible

0.33
0.37
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.33
0.30

assemblage...

Spiruiirostra

o

...."
.. D···
Ivvvvi E3.. .. .. "..
.
~." . ..

1..

.. ..'........
. .. ..
2

" "

3

4

Figure 3. Columnar section with the horizonsof molluscan assemblages and Spirulirostra in
Shomasamabora, Tsukiyoshi. 1. sandy mudstone, 2.
sandstone, 3. tuff, 4. nodule.

in section and situated closely to ventral side;
septal neck holochoanitic. Rostrum rather
large, somewhat short and pointed rather
acutely at posterior end; transverse section
composed of honeycomb structure; ventral
and ventrolateral surface ornamented withmany hemispheric nodes; dorsal and dorsolateral surface smooth. Lateral wings rather
narrow, elongate and longitudinally expanded; ventrolateral flanges obliquely extended
from the 4th chamber downwards to near
capitulum. Capitulum single, round, bluntand voluminous.
Measurements. - Whole length 37.6 mm,
whole width 10.2 mm, length of phragmocone
29.3+mm, max. diameter ofphragmocone 7.4mm, apical angle of phragmocone ca. 10° (1 ateral), and 8-9°(dorsal).
Measurements of chambers (in mm) are as

Repository. - Mizunami Fossil Museum(reg. cat. no. MFM 11025)
Remarks. - The Tsukiyoshi specimen was
damaged in the adoral half of the ventral sideof the phragmocone and the proostracum, as
shown in the soft-X-ray radiographic photograph (Figure 5-5) and the computed tomographic photograph (Figure 5-6). The dorsal side of the phragmocone is covered withthe rostrum, of which the outer shell layer iscomposed of the crossed lamellar structure(Figure 5-4), but the adoral half of the ventral side of the phragmocone is not covered atall, so this part seems to be subject to damage.
The netlike structure (Figure 5-7) on thesurface of the phragmocone, just the same asthat of the Recent Spiru/a, and the honeycomb structure situated inside of the rostrum,
as shown in Figure 5-3, are first described inthis paper. The sections of rostra figured byd'Orbigny (1842) and Naef (1922), do notshow the honeycomb structure but thestratified one. This structure indicates the
rostrum is light and useful for floating.

Taxonomic examination
Tomida and Itoigawa (1981) reported afossil coleoid phragmocone which was
obtained from the N ataki Conglomerate
Member of the Oidawara Formation,
Mizunami Group in Sakurad6, Toki-ch6,
Mizunami City. This Sakurad6 specimen

1332

947.

Spirulirostra from the Miocene Mizunami Group3

Figure 4. Spirulirostra mizunamiensis (Tomida and Itoigawa , 1981), Miocene Tsukiyoshi Member of
Akeyo Formation , Mizunami Group. 1, Dorsal view, X 1.5; 2, Left-lateral view, X 1.5 (Arrow indicates
positions of 5 and 6); 3, Right-lateral view, X 1.5 ; 4, Dorsal side of phragmocone and lateral wing, X
8; 5, Adapical view of septum, X 8 (Position marked by arrow in 2) ; 6, Adoral view of septum, X 9(Position marked by arrow in 2) .

Sumumu Tomida
was first described as Spirula mizunamiensis
n. sp. because it has a phragmocone with anelli ptical transverse section and a nearlycoiled posterior end.
The Tsukiyoshi specimen is referable to thegenus Spirulirostra because of having a phragmocone of straight adoral orthocone,
adapical cyrtocone, a rather large and posteriorly pointed rostrum, and elongately expanded lateral wings.
The Tsukiyoshi specimen is distinguishedfrom Spirulirostrina lovisatoi Canavari, 1892,a Miocene Langhian species of Sardinia,
Italy, because the latter has a phragmocone
with a very elongate and elliptical transverse
section, a smaller rostrum and shortly expanded lateral wings.
Jeletzky (1969) described a new genus
Amerirostra on the basis of Spirulirostra
americana Berry, 1922, a Miocene species of
Vera Cruz, Mexico, which is characterized bya phragmocone forming a complete turn witha protoconch almost touching the ventral
wall and with a somewhat rounded trapezoidal transverse section, two bosslike
midventral capitula and a rostrum ornamented with hemispheric nodes. The Tsukiyoshi
specimen differs from Amerirostra americana(Berry, 1922), in its phragmocone with a moreloosely curved adapical part, a smaller apicalangle, an elliptical transverse section andlonger chambers, and also in having no dorsal shield, a shorter rostrum and longer lateralwings.
The phragmocone of the Tsukiyoshi specimen is entirely identical with the Sakurado
specimen in having an elliptical transverse
section of the ratio O.84±, a septum withshallow and posteriorly convex surface, aslightly convex chamber wall, a rather thicksiphuncle situated close to the ventral side
and a completely turned posterior end.
Hence the two specimens seem to belong to
the same taxon. The small Sakurado specimen seems to be identical with a posterior
part of the phragmocone of the Tsukiyoshi
specimen. From the featuresdescribed above

1333(Table 1), I propose the combination Spirulirostra mizunamiensis (Tomida and Itoigawa, 1981) for the Tsukiyoshi and Sakurado
specimens.
Spirulirostra mizunamiensis resembles Spirulirostra bellardii d'Orbigny, 1842, the typespecies of the gen us from the Middle Mioceneof Torino, Piemonte, North Italy, but it isdistinguished from bellardii by having aphragmocone with an abruptly curved andcompletely turned posterior end and with anelliptical transverse section and by having asmaller rostrum with a less pointed and shorter posterior end. Two European species,
Spirulirostra hoernesi Koenen, 1867, described from the Miocene of Dingden andBerssenbrUck, northwestern Germany, andSpirulirostra sepioidea Naef, 1922, from Torino, North Italy, were reduced to formae of
Spirulirostra bellardii d'Orbigny, 1842 by Janssen in Janssen and Miiler (1984). These
species are easily distinguished from Spirulirostra mizunamiensis.
Spirulirostra mizunamiensis resembles Spirulirostra baetensi Janssen in Janssen and
MUller (1984), reported from the Middle
Miocene of Ramsel, Antwerpen, Belgium. But
it differs from S. baetensi by having a phragmocone with a smaller apical angle, an elliptical transverse section, longer chambers, and alarger rostrum with longer lateral wings.
The fossil rostra, phragmocones and separated chambers identified with Spirulirostra
bellardii, were reported from the Miocene ofNorth Italy (d'Orbigny, 1842; Parona, 1898 ;Naef, 1922; Janssen and MUller, 1984),
northwestern Germany (Koenen, 1867; Naef,
1922; Janssen and MUller, 1984), southwestern France (Benoist, 1889) and Belgium (J anssen and MUller, 1984). These reports showthat the phragmocones of Spirulirostra bellardii are circular in transverse section. Parona(1898) reported the occurrence offragments ofchambers and phragmocones of Spirulirostra
bellardii which had been obtained from theMiddle Miocene Serravallian (= Elveziano)
Formation at the type locality in Torino, and

1334

947.

Spiruiirostra from the Miocene Mizunami GroupSumumu Tomida

Figure 6. Spirulirostra mizunamiensis (Tomida
and Itoigawa, 1981); reconstructed figure. a: leftlateral view; b: ventral view, X 2.

he figured the circular tranverse section ofphragmocone. Spirulirostra baetensi Janssen in Janssen and Muller (1984), also has aphragmocone which is circular in transverse
section.
On the contrary, Spirulirostrina lovisatoi
Canavari is characterized by a dorsoventrallycompressed phragmocone which is very elongately elliptical in transverse section. Naef
(1922) pointed out the morphological similarity of the phragmocone of Spirulirostrina
to that of the Recent Sepia. However, thereconstructed figures of Spirulirostrina
lovisatoi by Naef (1922, figs. 29a-d), are notfaithful to the original figures of Canavari1335(1892). Janssen in Janssen and Miiller(1984) subsequently revised Naef's opInIOnon the basis of the Stuttgart specimen
obtained from the type locality in Sardinia,
and he pointed out that Spirulirostrina
lovisatoi has the chambers in a nearly horizontal position instead of an oblique position, and short lateral wings instead of very
long lateral wings, like Canavari's original
figures. It seems the differences between thegenera Spirulirostra and Spirulirostrina are
not so significant as shown by N aef (1921),
who proposed a new family name and used
Spirulirostridae and Spirulirostrinidae,
respectively.
The feature described above suggests that
diagnosis on the basis of the transverse section of the phragmocone should be reexamined because Spirulirostra mizunamiensis
has a dorsoventrally compressed phragmocone with an elliptical transverse section.
However, considering the major differences intransverse sections of the phragmocone
presented by Spirulirostra mizunamiensis andSpirulirostrina lovisatoi, it seems more logicalto separate them at the genus rather thanfamily level, as shown by Roger (1952) and
Miiller (1965). Jeletzky (1969) alsomentioned that the Spirulirostrinidae shouldbe placed in synonymy with the Spirulirostridae.
Considerations on the occurrence of
Spirulirostra mizunamiensis
Tuffaceous sandy mudstone, from where
the Tsukiyoshi specimen was found, yields
abundant molluscan fossils. In particular,~ Figure 5.
Spirulirostra mizunamiensis (Tomida and ltoigawa, 1981), Miocene Tsukiyoshi Member ofthe Akeyo Formation, Mizunami Group. 1, Left-lateral view of rostrum, X 1.5; 2, Enlarged surface of thedorso-Iateral side of rostrum, X 4; 3, Section of rostrum, showing the honeycomb structure inside, X 8; 4,
Scanning electron microscopic photograph of the dorsal shell layer showing the crossed lamellar structure, X
300; 5, Soft-X-ray radiographic photograph showing septal structure inside and damaged anterior half ofphragmocone, X 1.5; 6, Computed tomographic photograph, X 1.3; 7, Scanning electron microscopic
photograph of the phragmocone, showing superficial netlike structure and sectional prismatic layer, X 275 ;8, Sakurad6 specimen for comparison (holotype: MFM10080, Tomida and Itoigawa, 1981), x4.

947.

1336

Spirulirostra from the Miocene Mizunami Group
Table 1.

Spirulirostra
Species

Localities

Mizunami, Gifu,
Japan

Apicalangle

DorsalLateral"0" Section"0E (Ratio)eoe Chambers
..c:
0..

Adapical
part
Shell

E

mizunamiensis(Tomida & ltoigawa, 1981)

Lateral2 wings:;;

Comparison of Miocene spirulirostrid fossils.
Spirulirostra
bellardii

Spirulirostra
baetensi

Spirulirostrina
lovisatoid'Orbigny, 1842

Janssen, 1984

Canavari, 1892

americana(Berry, 1922)

Antwerpen, Belgium

Sardinia, Italy

Vera Crus, Mexico

Torino, Italy &N.W. Germany

A merirostra

8-9'

IS'

ellipticalcircularcircularlong ellipticalround, trapezoidal

0.84±

1.0

1.0

0.37-0.38

0.94

ca.10'
8-9'

DorsalLateral13-15'
5-6'

ca. IS'
10-12'

DorsalLateral22-24, short?, long

22, short

25- 30, short

24±, shortabruptly curved,
completely turnedloosely curved,
not turned

abruptly curved,
almost turned

abruptly curved,
completely turned

small coilingattached to wall

rather large

large

small

very small

large

long

rather long

short

short

rather longmoderatewide

rather narrow

rather narrowwide

rather acute

acute

blunt

very acute

acute

I capitulum

2 capitula

0

0::

Spine
Capitulum

Numbers ofmaterials cited

1 capitulum

1 capitulum

I capitulum

I;Tomida &Itoigawa, 1981
I ; present report

I d'Orbigny, 1842
2 Koenen, 1867
2 Naef, 1922
3 Janssen in Janssen& MUller, 1984

I ; Janssen in Janssen& MUller, 1984

Cerithideopsilla minoensis, Vicarya yokoyamai, Vicaryella ishiiana, Tateiwaia Sp.,
Rhizophorimurex tiganouranus, Cyclina
japonica and Hiatula minoensis, are predominant. These molluscs are recognized as the
Cyclina- Vicarya assemblage (Itoigawa, 1980).
Most of the Cyclina japonica and Hiatulaminoensis are obtained as conjoined valves,
and the gastropods are mainly obtained in afair state of preservation. These seem toshow autochthonous or semiautochthonous
occurrence. Concerning the depositional
condition of the Tsukiyoshi Member, thelower part of the Akeyo Formation, Itoigawa(1980) proposed that the paleoenvironment
was the intertidal zone of the inner bay basedon the molluscan fauna cited above. In
addition, Itoigawa (1989), and Itoigawa andYamanoi (1990) mentioned that southwest
Japan including the Mizunami area was
influenced by tropical and subtropical paleoclimatic conditions during the late Early

3; Canavari, 1892 1 ; Berry, 1922
I ; Janssen in Jans- 4; Jeletzky, 1969
sen & MUller,
1984

Miocene.
The Recent species Spirula spirula is
known as a mesoplanktonic form, living at
depths of 300-2,000 m worldwide in warm
and tropical seas. Its coiled phragmocone is
known to float on the surface of the ocean
after death and often reaches the coast.
Because of ecological features and postmortem transportation, the specimens are usually
damaged like the Tsukiyoshi specimen. The
rostrum of Spirulirostra mizunamiensis islight and is useful for flotation. Moreover,Spirulirostra mizunamiensis seems to havebeen a mesoplanktonic form in the warm andpelagic sea like Spirula spirula because of its
similar phragmocone. The Tsukiyoshi specimen was damaged in the phragmocone andwas accompanied by the embaymental molluscan fauna as already mentioned. Therefore, the Tsukiyoshi specimen was likely transported to the intertidal muddy bottom of theinner bay after the postmortem drifting from

Sumumu Tomida
the open sea and mixed into the characteristic
embaymental molluscan fauna.
Spirulirostra mizunamiensis was obtained
from the Tsukiyoshi Member of the Akeyo
Formation and the Nataki Conglomerate
Member of the Oidawara Formation (Figure2). Subtropical sea molluscs are also predominant in the N ataki Conglomerate Member of the Oidawara Formation (ltoigawa,1989). Both occurrences of Spirulirostra
mizunamiensis coincide with the horizons
bearing tropical or sUbtropical faunas in thetwo formations. Spirulirostra mizunamiensis
accordingly seems to have been a tropical or
subtropical inhabitant.
Acknowledgements

I am very grateful to Professor Junji Itoigawa of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences of Nagoya University for his
helpful advice and critical reading of themanuscript. Sincere thanks are extended to
Mr. Hiroaki Karasawa of the same department, and also to Mr. Yoshitsugu Okumura
and Mr. Atsushi Naruse of the Mizunami
Fossil Museum, for their aid in preparing thespecimen and photographs. Thanks are also
due to Mr. Shinji Yano of Seto City, for his
offering the Tsukiyoshi specimen.

References cited
Benoist, E.A., 1889: Description des coquilles fossiles
des terrains tertiaires moyens du Sud-Ouest de laFrance. Act. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, vol. 42, p.
11-84, pIs. 1-5. (in French)
Berry, E.W., 1922: An American Spirulirostra.
A mer. Jour. Sci., vol. 3, no. 5, p. 327- 334, figs. IS.

Canavari, M., 1892: Note di malacologia fossile. II.
Spirulirostrina 10 visa toi n. gen. et n. sp. di
Cefalopodo raccolto nel Terziario di Sardegna,
spettante al gruppo Phragmophora Fischer.
Boll. Soc. Malac. Ital., vol. 16, p.65-73, pI. 4,
figs. 1-4. (in Italian)
Itoigawa, J., 1980: Geological map of the Mizunami
district, central Japan. Monogr. Mizunami Fossil Mus., no. I, p. I-50. (in Japanese)1337

1988: The Kadonosawa fauna of Japan.
Saito Ho-on Kai, Spec. Pub. (Prof T. Kotaka
Commem. Vol.), no. I, p. 397-403.
- - , 1989: Tropical spike in early Middle Miocene(ca. 16 Ma) of southwest Japan. Proc. Intern.
Symp. Pacific Neogene, Continent and Marine
Events, Nanjing, p. 19-26. Nanjing Univ. Press.
- - and Yamanoi, T., 1990: Climatic optimum in
the Mid-Neogene of the Japanese Islands. In,
Pacific Neogene events, their timing, nature andinterrelationship. p. 1-13. U niv. Tokyo Press.
Janssen, A.W. and MUller, P., 1984: Miocene
Decapoda and Mollusca from Ramsel (provinceof Antwerpen, Belgium), with a new crab genus
and a new cephalopod species. Scripta Geol.,75, p. 1-26, pIs. 1-5, figs. 1-4.
Jeletzky, J.A., 1969: New or poorly understood Tertiary sepiids from southeastern United States and
Mexico. Paleont. Contrib., Univ. Kansas, Paper
41, p. 1-39, pIs. 1-3.
Koenen, A.v., 1867: Beitrag zur Kenntnis derMollusken-Fauna des norddeutschen Tertiargebirges. Palaeontographica, Bd. 16, p. 145157, pIs. 12-14. (in German)
MUller, A.H., 1965: Lehrbuch der Paliiozoologie. Bd.
2. Invertebraten. Teil 2. Mollusca 2Arthropoda 1. Fischer, Verlag, Jena. (in German)
Naef, A., 1921: Das System der dibranchiaten Cephalopoden und die mediterranen Arten derselben. Mitt. Zool. Stn. Neapel, 22, p. 527-542. (inGerman)- - , 1922: Die fossi/en Tintenfische. Eine paliiozoologische Monographie. 322 p. Fischer, Verlag,
Jena. (in German)
Orbigny M.A.d', 1842: Memoire sur deux genres
nouveaux de Cephalopodes fossiles (lesConoteuthis et Spirulirostra) offrant des passages,
d'un cote entre la Spirule et la Seche, de l'autre
entre les Belemnites et les Ommastrephes. Ann.
Sci. Nat., vol. 17, p.362-379, pIs. 11-12. (inFrench)Parona, C.F., 1898: Note sui cefalopodi terziari delPiemonte. Paleont. ltal., vol. 4, p. 155-168, pIs.
12-13. (in Italian)
Roger, J., 1952: Sous-c1asse des Dibranchiata Owen
1836, In, Piveteau, J. ed., Traite dePaleontologie, vol. 2, p. 689-755. Masson, Paris.
(in French)
Tomida, S. and Itoigawa, J., 1981: Spirula
mizunamiensis, a new fossil Sepiida from the
Miocene Mizunami Group, Central Japan.
Bull. Mizunami Fossil Mus., no. 8, p. 21-24, pI.
5, figs. 1-5.

947.

1338

Spirulirostra from the Miocene Mizunami Group

Akeyo ljIjiit, Gifu 1Y5i:1li, Mizunami J%l1Jt Nataki :i5~, Sakurado W'¥:, Shomasamabora IE,~#MIJl], Tsukiyoshi fl E.

ilij:1liYil:O) ,*,~WCJ%l1~~lWb' G0) MfE~ Spirulirostra: 1Y5i:1liYil:J%l~ mljljiitiIIJ fl E 0) '*'~WC
J%l1~~lWflE~b'G Spirulirostra b~l*:lt~nt,:o ':'nfi, 1JHjHtJTlIDb~mfIl7fH:'~ L, ;mfi~~*~(j[~~b~1Itr1&K.*\"'::: c, tt.c·-r::, '" - p 'Y /~O),*,~WCO) Spirulirostra bellardii ~<,S. baetensi, :H J: If Spirulirostrina lovisatoi c 12L'6IJ-r:' ~ 0 1981 4~:1§- Gb~J%l1~mW'¥:0):i5~~ b' G~c.Jllt L t-: Spirula mizunamiensis fimilO)~* vc~ < b~, fl E~* c mjIO)1J9'l1b~-3& L, 1I§'j:fi c 'FUtl;lT ~ n, Spirulirostra mizunamiensis (Tomida and Itoigawa) c *5IDf1i-t 0
mfIl~O)miltl;lTlIDZ' t...-.:> fl E • W'¥:~* c '" - P 'Y /~ O);[iJ~O):fi c O).t~~vc J: fJ, *mfIl~O)t~JJtl;ITlIDZ' t...-.:> Spirulirostrina Z', Wc VC J: fJ fi~ c VC 51ft 0 .:. c b~3Z::ff ~ n 0
fl E~*fi, ~J!J(1!l: 0) 1i')1!l:i'Jt.;fi b' GlJL:It!!.iiO) Cyclina- Vicarya lW:ltvc1f '0 -C mHi:l L, :ttt{lJJ~fiP'J~O)itlJrs'*i'Jt.Jfr. ctlt@ ~ n 00)"'(', I!1i'faO)7l-f=Fb> G7E1&~%f L t-: t 0) c ,1l!;thn 0
0

0

0

0

~EB

~

1339

SYSTEMATIC INDEX(New Series No. 161-No. 168)
PALAEOZOOLOGY

Protozoa

Page
Hasegawa, Shiro: Melonis uchioi, a new name for a homonym in the foraminiferal
genus Melonis from the Pacific ...................................... 1003
Kaiho, Kunio: Campanian intermediate water benthic foraminifera from central
Hokkaido, Japan .................................................. 828
Matsumaru, Kuniteru: On the evoutionary classification of the family Lepidocyclinidae (Foraminiferida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 883
Matsuoka, Atsushi: Early Jurassic radiolarians from the Nanjyo Massif in the
Mino Terrane, central Japan. Part I. Tricolocapsa, Stichocapsa, andMinocapsa, n. gen .................................................. 720
Sada, Kimiyoshi and Danner, Wilbert R.: Pseudoschwagerina skinneri, n. sp. fromnear Kamloops in British Columbia, Canada .......................... 1259
Sashida, Katsuo: Early Triassic radiolarians from the Ogamata Formation, Kanto
Mountains, central Japan. Part 2 ................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 681
Sash ida, Katsuo and Igo, Hisayoshi: Triassic radiolarians from a limestone
exposed at Khao Chiak near Phatthalung, southern Thailand ............ 1296
Sugiyama, Kazuhiro: Lower and Middle Triassic radiolarians from Mt. Kinkazan,
Gifu Prefecture, central Japan ........................................ 1180
Ueno, Katsumi: Pamirina (Permian Fusulinacea) from the Akiyoshi LimestoneGroup, southwest Japan ............................................ 739
Ueno, Katsumi: Upper Carboniferous fusulinaceans from the Akiyoshi LimestoneGroup, Southwest Japan ............................................ 807
Ueno, Katsumi: Early evolution of the families Verbeekinidae and Neoschwagerinidae (Permian Fusulinacea) in the Akiyoshi Limestone Group, Southwest
Japan ............................................................ 973
Ueno, Katsumi: A peculiar fusulinacean fauna from the Yasuba Conglomerate,
Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku .......................................... 1004
Ueno, Katsumi: Verbeekinid and Neoschwagerinid fusulinaceans from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group above the Parafusulina kaerimizensis Zone, southwest
Japan ............................................................ 1040
Ueno, Katsumi: Permian foraminifers from the Takakurayama Group of the1340

southern Abukuma Mountains, northeast Japan ........................ 1265
Ueno, Katsumi and Sakagami, Sumio: Late Permian fusulinacean fauna of Doi
Pha Phlung, North Thailand .......................................... 928

Mollusca

Hayami, Itaru and Kase, Tomoki: A new cryptic species of Pycnodonte from
Ryukyu Islands: A living fossil oyster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1070
Kase, Tomoki: Siphonobasis, replacement name for Cassiopella Kase, 1984 (Mollusca: Gastropoda), non White, 1877 ................................ 806
Majima, Ryuichi: Redescription and mode of occurrence of Nipponoclava yokoyamai (Shikama, 1954) (Clavagellidae: Bivalvia) from the PlioPleistocene warm-water fauna in Japan. .. .. .. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 781
Majima, Ryuichi and Murata, Akihiro: Intraspecific variation and heterochrony inPhanerolepida pseudotransenna Ozaki (Gastropoda: Turbinidae) from the
Pliocene Nobori Formation, Pacific side of southwestern Japan .......... 1024
Matsumoto, Tatsuro: On some Acanthoceratid ammonites from the Turonian of
Hokkaido (Studies of the Cretaceous ammonites from Hokkaido-LXIX)
910
Matsumoto, Tatsuro and Takahashi, Takemi: Ammonites of the genus Acompsoceras and some other Acanthoceratid species from the Ikushunbetsu
Valley, central Hokkaido (Studies of the Cretaceous ammonites from
Hokkaido-LXXIII) ................................................ 1144
Niko, Shuji: Middle Carboniferous Bactritodiea (Mollusca: Cephalopoda') fromthe Akiyoshi Limestone Group, Yamaguchi Prefecture (Molluscan
Paleontology of the Akiyoshi Limestone Group-X) .................... 714
Noda, Masayuki: Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri sp. nov. (Bivalvia) from theConiacian (Cretaceous) of Hokkaido and its systematic implications .... 1311
Ogasawara, Kenshiro and Nagasawa, Kazuo: Tropical molluscan association in
the Middle Miocene marginal sea of the Japanese Islands: An example ofmolluscs from the Oyama Formation, Tsuruoka City, Northeast Honshu,
Japan
1224
Okumura, Kiyoshi and Yamagishi, Yutaka: Molluscan fauna from the Late
Miocene Hatsuse Formation in the Miura Peninsula, Kanagawa Prefecture,
Japan ............................................................ 1009
Sasaki, Osamu : Discrimination of two new Anadara species using shell growthparameters and Fourier Descriptors ................................. . 697
Shigeta, Yasunari: A record of Pseudophyllites indra (Lytoceratina,
Tetragonitidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Hokkaido and Sakhalin
1157

1341

Tomida, Susumu: Coleoid Spirulirostra (Cephalopoda, Mollusca) from the
Miocene Mizunami Group, central Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1329
Arthropoda
Hanai, Tetsuro and Ikeya, Noriyuki: Two new genera from the Omma-Manganji
ostracode fauna (Plio-Pleistocene) of Japan - with a discussion of theoretical versus purely descriptive ostracode nomenclature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 861
Karasawa, Hiroaki: Fossil decapod crustaceans from the Manda Group (Middle
Eocene), Kyushu, Japan ............................................ 1247
Karasawa, Hiroaki and Nishikawa, Isao: Thalassina anomala (Herbst, 1804)(Thalassinidea: Decapoda) from the Miocene Bihoku Group, Southwest
Japan .............................................................. 852
Zhou, Baochun and Ikeya, Noriyuki: Three species of Krithe (Crustacea:
Ostracoda) from Suruga Bay, Central Japan .......................... 1097
Cnidaria
Yamagiwa, Nobuo, Wang, Ande and Maeda, Siro: A new species of Petalaxis(Rugosa) from the Hunanglong Formation, Zhejiang, southeast China
751
Yoshida, Yasushi and Okimura, Yuji: Amygdalophylloides (Rugosa) from theCarboniferous of the Omi Limestone, Central Japan .................... I I 16
Bryozoa
Sakagami, Sumio and Sakai, Harutaka: Fossil bryozoans from the Lower Gondwana Sisne Formation, Nepal Lesser Himalayas

761

Mammalia
Kohno, N aoki and Hasegawa, Y oshikazu: A new occurrence of imagotariine
pinniped from the Middle Miocen Iwadono Formation in Higashimatsuyama City, Saitama, Japan ........................................ 801
Palaeoecology
Sano, Shin-ichi: Discovery of a coral-rudist buildup III the Miyako Group,
Northeast Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

794

Palaeoenvironment
Kitamura, Akihisa: Paleoenvironmental transition at I.2Ma in the Omma Formation, Central Honshu, Japan ........................................

767

1342

PALAEOBOTANY

Palaeobotany
Iryu, Yasufumi: Fossil nonarticulated coralline algae as depth indicators for the
Ryukyu Group .................................................... 1165
Ohana, Tamiko and Kimura, Tatsuaki: Permineralized Otozamites leaves (Bennettitales), from the upper Cretaceous of Hokkaido, Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Saiki Ken'ichi, Kimura, Tatsuaki and Horiuchi, Junji: Stenopteris cyclostoma

944

Saiki, Kimura et Horiuchi, sp. nov., (possible Pteridosperm) from the lower
Cretaceous Choshi Group, in the Outer Zone of Japan964

· 1343

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES
Notes: Words listed are names of genus and species-groups which are described,
discussed or illustrated in the articles in Transactions and Proceedings of PalaeontologicalSociety of Japan, New Series, No. 161 to No. 168. Words in bold-type are names of newly
proposed taxa.
A

B

A compsoceras .............................. 1148
Acompsoceras renevieri .............. 1148, figs. 2-4
Actinosiphon ................................ 900
Actinosiphon semmesi .......... 894, 895, figs. 12, 13
Actinosiphon tibetica . ................... 894, fig. 12
Afghanella ozawai .................... 1059, fig. 11
Afghanella schencki .................. 1060, fig. 12
Afghanella cr. sumatrinaeformis ........ 1062, fig, 12
Afghanella sp ......................... 1064, fig. 11
Albaillella triangularis .................. 1184, fig. 4
Ammobaculites sp ....................... 835, fig. 2
Ammodiscus sp. A ...................... 833, fig. 2
Amussiopecten akiyamae ................ 1017, fig. 3
Amygdalophylloides .......................... 1120
Amygdalophylloides densus .......... 1120, figs. 5, 6
Amygdalophylloides denticulatus ........ 1125, fig. 8
Amygdalophylloides longiseptatus ...... 1132, fig. 14
Amygdalophylloides omiensis .......... 1130, fig. 12
Amygdalophylloides parvus ............ 1135, fig. 16
Amygdalophylloides uzurensis .......... 1127, fig. 10
Amygdalophylloides sp. A .............. 1138, fig 17
Amygdalophylloides sp. B .............. 1139, fig. 17
Anadara (Hataiarca) kakehataensis . ..... 1233, fig. 7
Anadara (Scapharca) omaruensis .. 710, figs. 11, 12
Anadara (Scapharca) takanabensis .. 710, figs. 11, 12
Anisocorbula cr. venusta ................ 1021, fig. 3
Anisocorbula sp. . ..................... 1021, fig. 3
Archaeosemantis . ............................. 685
Archaeosemantis cristianensis .......... 1209, fig. 14
Archaeosemantis venusta ................ 686, fig. 5
Archaeosemantis aff. venusta ............ 686, fig. 5
Archaeosemantis sp. . .................... 686, fig. 5
Archaeothamnulus okuchichibuensis ...... 687, fig. 5
Archaeothamnulus sp. . ................. 1304, fig. 6
Armenina cr. asiatica .. .................. 993, fig. 9
Armenina salgirica ...................... 991, fig. 7
Astacolus elongatus .................... 844, fig. 4
Astacolus nagaoi ........................ 844, fig. 4
Astacolus polandensis .................. 844, fig. 4
Azorinus abbreviatus . ................... 1021, fig. 3

Bactrites nagatoensis ................ 715, figs. 2, 3
Bactrites sp ............................. 715, fig. 3
Bathysiphon villa ............. ........... 830, fig. 2
Biwaella sp ............................. 1278, fig. 4
Branchioplax pentagonalis .......... 1254, figs. 4, 5C
Cassiopella .................................. 806
Cenosphaera andoi ................... . 1215, fig. 17
Cerithideopsilla yatsuoensis .............. 1242, fig. 8
Chlamys miurensis .................... 1014, fig. 2
Citharina multicostata .................. 845, fig. 5
Clementia papyracea ................ 1235, figs. 7, 9
Clinocardium cr. hataii ................ 1020, fig. 2
Clinocardium hatsusense .............. 1020, fig. 3
Clinocardium sp. . ..................... 1020, fig. 2
Codono/usiella abukumaensis .......... 1280, fig. 6
Codonofusiella aff. kwangsiana fusiformis .. 940, fig. 4
Codonofusiella sp ....................... 1281, fig. 6
Colania douvillei ...................... 1057, fig. 7
Colania sp ............................. 1289, fig. 5
Crepidula cr. nidatoriensis .............. 1013, fig. 2
Cryptostephanidium longispinosum ...... 1205, fig. 13
Cryptostephanidium sp. cr. C. verrucosum 1207, fig. 13
Ctenobactrites sp. . ..................... 718, fig. 3
Cultellus izumoensis ................ 1241, figs. 8, 9
Cycladicama cr. takeyamai .......... 1235, figs. 7, 9
Cyclammina asanoi .................... 835, fig. 2
Cypraea sp. . ......................... 1014, fig. 2
D

Dentalina basiplanata . ................... 836, fig. 3
Dentalina gracilis . ....................... 838, fig. 3
Diplodonta ferruginata .................. 1233, fig. 7
Dorothia hokkaidoana .................. 835, fig. 2
Dunbarula planata .................... 1282, fig. 7
Dunbarula sp. B ........................ 1282, fig. 7
E

Entactinia morii .................... 1205, fig. 12
Entactinia nikorni .................... 1302, fig. 3
Entactinia sp ........................... 1184, fig. 4

1344

Entactinosphaera chiakensis ............ 1302, fig. 4
Eostaffella sp. A ........................ 811, figs. 5
Eostaffella sp. B ........................ 811, fig. 5
Eucalliax yoshihiroi ................ 1248, figs. 2, 3
Eulepidina .................................. 904
Eulepidina dilatata .............. 888, 907, figs. 4, 20
Eulepidina favosa ...................... 888, fig. 4Eulepidina gigantea . ..................... 888, fig. 4Eulepidina omphalus .................... 888, fig. 4
Eulinderina .................................. 902
Eulinderina guayabalensis ................ 885, fig. 2
Eulinderina sp. . ....................... 893, fig. 8
F

Fissidentalium (Fissidentalium) cf. yokoyamai...................................... 1014, fig. 2
Follicucullus bipartitus .................. 1184, fig. 4
Follicucullus monacanthus .............. 1184, fig. 4
Follicucullus scholasticus ................ 1184, fig. 4
Frondicularia bicornis .................... 838, fig. 3
Frondicularia durrelli .................... 838, fig. 3
Frondicularia mucronata ................ 839, fig. 3
Frondicularia whaingaroica .............. 839, fig. 3
Frondicularia sp. A ...................... 839, fig. 3

G

Gallowayinella . ............................... 934
Gallowayinella guidingensis ............ 935, figs. 3, 4
Gaudryina pyramidata .................. 835, fig. 2
Globulina lacrima ...................... 847, fig. 5
Glomospira charoides . ......................... 833
Glomospira gordialis .................... 834, fig. 2
Glycymeris (Glycymeris) rotunda ........ 1014, fig. 2
H

Haplophragmoides asanoi ................ 834, fig. 2
Helicolepidina ................................ 902
Helicolepidina spiralis ............ 885, 891, figs. 2, 6
Helicostegina ................................ 900
Helicostegina gyralis .............. 885, 891, figs. 2, 6
Helicostegina paucispira ................ 893, fig. 10
Helicostegina polygyralis ................ 893, fig. 8
Helicostegina soldadensis ................ 893, fig. 10
Hiatula minoensis .................. 1241, figs. 8, 9
Hinedorcus holdsworthi . ............... 1201, fig. 12
Hozmadia gifuensis .................... 1194, fig. 9
Hozmadia ozawai . ..................... 1193, fig. 9
Hozmadia ? sp ......................... 1306, fig. 3
I

Ishigaum sp. . ......................... 1184, fig. 4
Indocrassatella cf. tenuilirata ............ 1018, fig. 3
Inoceramus ................................ 1313
Inoceramus (Platyceramus) .................. 1314
Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri .. 1315, figs. 3-6

JJohnnealella ................................ 872
Johnnealella nopporensis . ............. 874, figs. 7-9
K
Kahlerina ? sp. . ....................... 941, fig. 4
Krithe antisawanensis .................. 1111, fig. 9
Krithe sawanensis ...................... 1108, fig. 8
Krithe surugensis ...................... 1112, fig. 9L

Laevicardium angustum ................ 1018, fig. 3
Laevicardium sp. . ..................... 1018, fig. 2
Lantschichites ? sp. . ................... 1283, fig. 9
Latentijistula (?) sp ..................... 1184, fig. 4
Lenticulina extruatus .................... 839, fig. 3
Lenticulina haboroensis .................. 840, fig. 4
Lenticulina obirasibensis .................. 840, fig. 3
Lenticulina rotulala . ..................... 840, fig. 3
Lenticulina williamsoni .................. 841, fig. 4
Lenticulina yabei . ....................... 841, fig. 3
Lenticulina sp. A ........................ 841, fig. 3
Lenticulina sp. B ........................ 841, fig. 4
Lenticulina sp. C ........................ 841, fig. 4
Lepidocyclina ................................ 898
Lepidocyclina ariana .......... 896,898, figs. 14, 15
Lepidocyclina canellei .................... 886, fig. 3
Lepidocyclina mantelli ............ 886, 893, figs. 3, 9
Lepidocyclina ocalana .......... 886, 904, figs. 3, 18
Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) papulifera ...... 884, fig. 1
Lepidocyclina proteiformis ........ 886, 893, figs. 3, 9
Lepidocyclina pustulosa .................. 886, fig. 3
Lepidocyclina tobleri ......... , .......... 886, fig. 3
Lepidorbitoides minor . ................... 888, fig, 4Leporimentis takaii .................. 1236, figs. 8, 9M
Maklaya pamirica
994, fig. 9
Maklaya saraburiensis .................. 993, fig. 9
Maklaya sp ............................. 995, fig. 9
Mammites .................................. 922
Mammites aff. nodosoides . ..................... 923
Mammites sp. nov (?) .................... 923, fig. 8Mantelliceras . ............................... 1152
Mantelliceras aff. japonicum .......... 1152, figs, 6, 7
Mantelliceras saxbii .................... 1153, fig. 7
Marginulina bullata .................... 844, fig. 5
Marssonella sp. A ...................... 836, fig. 2
Mesoschubertella aff. thompsoni .......... 1271, fig. 4
Mikadotrochus cf. yoshiwarai ............ 1013, fig. 2
Minocapsa .................................. 734
Minocapsa cylindrica .................. 735, fig. 10
Minocapsa globosa .................... 736, fig. 11
Minojapanella (M.) elongata ............ 1278, fig. 4
Minojapanella (M.) parva .............. 1278, fig. 9

1345

Misellina (Brevaxina) dyhrenfurthi ........ 981, fig. 7
Misellina (Brevaxina) nipponica ........ 979, fig. 7
Misellina (Brevaxina) sp. . ............. 1287, fig. 4
Misellina (Brevaxina) ? sp. . ............. 748, fig. 3
Misellina (Misellina) claudiae ............ 984, fig. 8
Misellina (Misellina) postclaudiae . ......... 985, fig. 8
Misellina (Misellina) spinosa .............. 988, fig. 9
Misellina (Misellina) ? ventricosa ...... 989, fig. 8
Misellina (Misellina) sp. A ................ 990, fig. 8
Misellina (Misellina) sp. B ................ 990. fig. 9
Miyagipecten matsumoriensis ............ 1018, fig. 3
N

Neodiscus .................................. 1289
Neodiscus mirabilis .................. 1291, fig. 12
Neomphaloceras .............................. 916
Neomphaloceras pseudomphalum ...... 917, figs. 4, 5
Neomphaloceras costa tum ............ 920, figs. 6, 7
Neoschwagerina craticulifera robusta 1051, figs. 8, 10
Neoschwagerina fusiformis .............. 1053, fig. 9
Neoschwagerina haydeni .............. 1055, fig. 10
Neoschwagerina simplex ................ 995, fig. 10
Nephrolepidina .............................. 900
Nephrolepidina japonica . ......... 886, 907, figs. 3, 19
Nephrolepidina luxulians ................ 886, fig. 3
Nephrolepidina morgani ................ 904, fig. 18
Nephrolepidina orientalis ................ 886, fig. 3
Nephrolepidina rutteni .................. 886, fig. 3
Nipponoclava ................................ 785
Nipponoclava gigantea .................. 790, fig. 7
Nipponoclava yokoyamai .............. 785, figs. 3-6
Nodosaria affinis ........................ 838, fig. 3
Nodosaria aspera . ....................... 838, fig. 3
No/rema (?) gigantoceras . ............. 1201, fig. 12
Notoplanulina rumoiensis ................ 848, fig. 5
Nuttallinella fiorealis .................... 848, fig. 5oObsoletes .................................... 815
Obsoletes horridus ...................... 815, fig. 4
Obsoletes cf. obsoletus . ................... 818, fig. 4
Oertlispongus diacanthus .............. 1217, fig. 17
Orbitoclypeus nummuliticus .............. 888, fig. 4
Orbitocyclina minima .................... 886, fig. 3
Ormistonella robusta .................... 1184, fig. 4
Otozamites kerae .................... 945, figs. 2-7
Otozamites takahashii .............. 961, figs. 8-13
Oxyperas bernardi .................... 1021, fig. 3pPactarentinia ................................ 689
Pactarentinia koikei .................... 691, fig. 6
Palaeofusulina cf. laxa .................. 940, fig. 2
Palaeofusulina sinensis . ............... 939, figs. 2, 4Pamirella nepalensis .................... 764, fig. 4
Pamirina .................................... 742

Pamirina (Levenia) .......................... 745
Pamirina (Levenia) evoluta .............. 747, fig. 4
Pamirina (Levenia) leveni ................ 746, fig, 8Paririna (Pamirina) .......................... 744
Pamirina (Pamirina) darvasica . ........... 744, fig. 3
Pantanellium ? virgeum ................ 691, fig. 7
Parasepsagon leptaleus ................ 1208, fig. 14
Parentactinia nakatsugawaensis........................ 687, figs. 5, 6; 1212, fig. 14
Parentactinia okuchichibuensis .......... 1213, fig. 16
Parentactinia ramosa .................. 1213, fig. 16
Parentactinia virgata . ................... 689, fig. 6
Pegoxystris ................................ 1217
Pegoxystris mizutanii ................ 1218, fig. 17
Pentablelus ................................ 1215
Pentabelus /urutanii .................. 1215, fig. 17
Petalaxis hangzhouensis .............. 752, figs. 2, 3
Phanerolepida .............................. 1033
Phanerolepida pseudotransenna .. 1034, figs. 3, 5, 7, 8
Pitar kaniei .......................... 1020, fig. 3
Pla./kerium (?) antiquum .............. 1218, fig. 18
Polyentactinia .............................. 1302
Polyentactinia (?) biacus .............. 1213, fig. 16
Polyentactinia (?) crux . ............... 1213, fig. 16
Polyentactinia ? phatthalungensis ...... 1304, fig. 5
Polyentactinia (?) spp ................. 1215, fig. 17
Polylepidina .................................. 902
Polylepidina chiapasensis ................ 885, fig. 2
Polylepidina zeilmansi ............ 885, 893, figs. 2, 8
Portunites kattachiensis ................ 1252, fig. 5
Poulpus nakasekoi .................... 1196, fig. 10
Poulpus nishimurae .................. 1196, fig. 10
Poulpus sp. . ........................... 695, fig. 6
Praecaprotina yaegashii .................. 797, fig. 5
Pravoslavlevia sp. . ..................... 843, fig. 4
Primoriina sp. . ......................... 934, fig. 4
Prohomola . ................................. 1250
Prohomola japonica .................... 1250, fig. 3
Protopsium .................................. 693
Protopsium sp. . ......................... 694, fig. 7
Protriticites .................................. 812
Protriticites robustus .................... 813, fig. 3
Protriticites sp. . ......................... 814, fig. 3
Pseudaspidoceras ............................ 911
Pseudaspidoceras fiexuosum .......... 911, figs. 1-3
Pseudoalbaillella globosa ................ 1184, fig. 4
Pseudodoliolina pseudolepida ............ 1049, fig. 7
Pseudodoliolina aff. pseudolepida ........ 1287, fig. 7
Pseudofusulina fusiformis .............. 1283, fig. 3
Pseudofusulinella (Kanmeraia) cf. delicata 819, fig. 5
Pseudofusulinella (Kanmeraia) praeantiqua 819, fig. 5
Pseudolepidina . ............................... 902
Pseudolepidina trimera .......... 885, 894, figs. 2, 11Pseudophyllites .............................. 1157
Pseudophyllites indra ................ 1158, figs. 1-4
Pseudoschwagerina skinneri .......... 1260, figs. 2, 3

1346

Pseudostylosphaera kozuri ............ 1208, fig. 13
Pseudostylosphaera sp. A .............. 1209, fig. 14
Psilocitharella ezoensis .................. 845, fig. 5
Psilocitharella triangulata ................ 845, fig. 5
Pycnodonte................ 1071
Pycnodonte (Pycnodonte) taniguchii .. 1076, figs. 2-7
Q

Quasifusulinoides ............................ 821
Quasifusulinoides toriyamai . ............. 821, fig. 6
Quasireichelina ............................ 1283
Quasireichelina expansa ................ 1285, fig. 8
R

Ramulina aculeata ...................... 847, fig. 5
Ramulina tetrahedralis .................. 847, fig. 5
Raninoides nodai ...................... 1252, fig. 4
Reichelina cf. changhsingensis . ......... 933, figs. 2, 4
Rhizammina indivisa .................... 833, fig. 2

S
Saitoum sp. . ........................... 695, fig. 6
Saracen aria triangularis . ................. 843, fig. 4
Saracen aria tunesiana .................. 843, fig. 4
Schubertella irumensis .................. 1273, fig. 4
Schubertella aff. kingi . ................... 811, fig. 5
Schubertella sp. . ....................... 812, fig. 5
Silicosigmoilina Jutabaensis .............. 834, fig. 2
Siphonobasis ................................ 806
Sphaerulina sp. . ....................... 941, fig. 4
Spirulirostra mizunamiensis .......... 1329, figs. 4-6
Spongosilicarmiger mostleri ............ 1199, fig. 11
Spongosilicarmiger scabiturritus ........ 1200, fig. 11
Spongostephanidium longispinosum ...... 694, fig. 7
Staffella pseudosphaeroidea .............. 824, fig. 5
Stenopteris cyclostoma . ............... 971, figs. 2-7
Stichocapsa biconica .................... 733, fig. 8
Stichocapsa elegans .................... 731, fig. 7
Stichocapsa nanjoensis .................. 733, fig. 9
Stichocapsa plicata .................. 727, figs. 5, 6
Stichocapsa plicata plicata .............. 729, fig. 5
Stichocapsa plicata semiplicata .......... 729, fig. 6
Stilostomella alexanderi .................. 847, fig. 5
Stilostomella stephensoni ................ 848, fig. 5

T
Tetrarchiplagia simplex ................ 1191, fig. 9
Tetrarhopalus .............................. 1207
Tetrarhopalus itoigawai .............. 1207, fig. 13
Thaisphaera ................................ 1306
Thaisphaera minuta ................ 1306, figs. 4, 11
Thalassina anomala .................. 853, figs. 3, 4
Tiborella agria ...................... 1220, fig. 18
Toriyamaia ................................ 1276
Toriyamaia laxiseptata . ................. 1276, fig. 4
Triassobipedis (?) aetoides ............ 1203, fig. 10
Triassocampe ................................ 1198
Triassocampe coronata ................ 1198, fig. 11
Triassocampe myterocorys .............. 1198, fig. 11
Triassocampe sp. aff. T. diordinis ...... 1199, fig. 11
Triassocampe (?) sp. A ................ 1199, fig. 11
Tricolocapsa (?) /era .................... 726, fig. 4
Tricolocapsa (?) megaglobosa ............ 724, fig. 3
Tricolocapsa minoensis .................. 723, fig. 2
Tripedocorbis sp. A .................... 1200, fig. 10
U

Utaturiceras ................................ 1151
Utaturiceras vicinale ................ 1151, figs. 5,7
V

Verbeekina verbeeki ................ 1045, figs. 5, 6
Vicarya yokoyamai .................... 1242, fig. 8
W

Wutuella cf. wutuensis .................. 1280, fig. 9
YYangchenia cf. iniqua .................. 1271, fig. 6
Yezocythere . ................................. 868
Yezocythere hayashii ................ 871, figs. 4-6
Z
Zamolxis dumitricai .................. 1191, fig. 9
Zevius ...................................... 1203
Zevius perarmatus .................... 1204, fig. 12
Zevius yaoi .......................... 1204, fig. 12

1347

No. 17: Revision of Matajiro Yokoyama's Type Mollusca from the Tertiary and Quaternary of
the Kanto Area.
By K. Oyama [¥4,700+ =r¥31O]

t± X 9G: =r 812

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Affl*.e• • ~• • £W • • ~~B *E!£¥lJ.~~,'6Ij%i'd~~ ~~a-*:~~* ;W083
Tel. (092) 641-1101, ~ 4316.
Fax. (092) 632-2736

t± X(ttFJfft~)
5lS1fi::1J7!: (~~:1J7!t::.O~":) H"-C <f': ~ \,,)
1. ~lHl'5lS1fi: (5lS1fi:9G: .:=.fIJjHl'm IiUJ 3[$ ~]i ffl1fi: p ~ 112172)
2. ilHj!:tJi~ (5lS1fi:9G: :tJi~p~ f~1iUJ5-19014)
3. m1fi:~fB (Ij'ij 11)~~~~A(~1fi:.M, ~.~]i, M&~]i, .*~]i)Transactions and Proceedingsof thePalaeontological Society of Japan
New Series
N os. 161 - 168
1991-1992

Palaeontological Society of Japan

The calligraphy on the cover for the Japanese title "Nihon Koseibutsu-gakkai Hokoku
Kiji" is the work of Dr. Matajiro Yokoyama, a fatherly figure in Japanese paleontology, who
was Professor of Stratigraphy and Paleontology at the Geological Institute, Imperial
University of Tokyo.
The illustration is of a molar of Trilophodon sendaicus Matsumoto, an extinct elephantdescribed from the Pliocene Tatsunokuchi Formation developed in the environs of Sendai,
Northeast Honshu, Japan. (lGPS colI. cat. no. 87759 (A), length about 18.5 cm).

CONTENTS

Number 161 (published April 30, 1991)
TRANSACTIONS
Page
Figures912. Katsuo Sashida: Early Triassic radiolarians from the Ogamata
Formation, Kanto Mountains, central Japan. Part 2.
681-6961-7
913. Osamu Sasaki: Discrimination of two new Anadara species
1-12
using shell growth parameters and Fourier Descriptors.... 697-713
914. Shuji Niko: Middle Carboniferous Bactritoidea (Mollusca:
Cephalopoda) from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group, Yamaguchi Prefecture (Molluscan Paleontology of the Akiyoshi
1-3
Limestone Group-X) .................................. 714-719
915. Atsushi Matsuoka: Early Jurassic radiolarians from the
Nanjyo Massif in the Mino Terrane, central Japan. Part 1.
1-11
Tricolocapsa, Stichocapsa, and Minocapsa, n. gen.
720-738916. Katsumi Ueno: Pamirina (Permian Fusulinacea) from the739-750
1-4
Akiyoshi Limestone Group, southwest Japan.
SHORT NOTES
25. Nobuo Yamagiwa, Ande Wang and Siro Maeda: A new
species of Petalaxis (Rugosa) from the Hunanglong Formation, Zhejiang, southeast China ........................ 751-755
PROCEEDINGS .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

1-3

756-758

Number 162 (published June 30, 1991)
TRANSACTIONS
917. Sumio Sakagami and Harutaka Sakai: Fossil bryozoans
from the Lower Gondwana Sisne Formation, Nepal Lesser
Himalayas............................................ 761-766
918. Akihisa Kitamura: Paleoenvironmental transition at 1.2 Main the Omma Formation, Central Honshu, Japan. . . . . . . . .. 767 - 780
919. Ryuichi Majima: Redescription and mode of occurrence of

1-4
1-10

920.
921.

Nipponoclava yokoyamai (Shikama, 1954) (Clavagellidae:
Bivalvia) from the Plio-Pleistocene warm-water fauna inJapan. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Shin-ichi Sano: Discovery of a coral-rudist buildup in the
Miyako Group, Northeast Japan.. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . ..
N aoki Kohno and Y oshikazu Hasegawa: A new occurrenceof imagotariine pinniped from the Middle Miocene Iwadono
Formation in Higashimatsuyama City, Saitama, Japan

781-7931-7

794-800

1-8

801-805

SHORT NOTES
26. Tomoki Kase: Siphonobasis, replacement name for Cassiopella Kase, 1984 (Mollusca: Gastropoda), non White, 1877
806

Number 163 (published September 30, 1991)
TRANSACTIONS
922. Katsumi Ueno: Upper Carboniferous fusulinaceans from the
Akiyoshi Limestone Group, Southwest Japan ............
923. Kunio Kaiho: Campanian intermediate water benthic foraminifera from central Hokkaido, Japan ................
924. Hiroaki Karasawa and Isao Nishikawa: Thalassina
anomala (Herbst, 1804) (Thalassinidea: Decapoda) from the
Miocene Bihoku Group, Southwest Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
925. Tetsuro Hanai and Noriyuki Ikeya: Two new genera fromthe Omma-Manganji ostracode fauna (Plio-Pleistocene) ofJapan - with a discussion of theoretical versus purely
descriptive ostracode nomenclature. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . ..
PROCEEDINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

807-8271-6

828-8511-5

852-860

1-4

861-8781-9

879-880

Number 164 (published December 30, 1991)
TRANSACTIONS
926.

Kuniteru Matsumaru: On the evolutionary classification of
the family Lepidocyclinidae (Foraminiferida)883-909

1-20

927.

Tatsuro Matsumoto: On some Acanthoceratid ammonites
from the Turonian of Hokkaido (Studies of the Cretaceousammonites from Hokkaido-LXIX) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Katsumi Veno and Sumio Sakagami: Late Permian
fusulinacean fauna of Doi Pha Phlung, North Thailand

910-9271-8

928-943
Tamiko Ohana and Tatsuaki Kimura: Permineralized Otozamites leaves (Bennettitales) from the upper Cretaceous of
Hokkaido, Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 944-963
Ken'ichi Saiki, Tatsuaki Kimura and Junji Horiuchi:
Stenopteris cyclostoma Saiki, Kimura et Horiuchi, sp. nov.,(possible Pteridosperm), from the lower Cretaceous Choshi
Group, in the outer zone of Japan ...................... 964-972
Katsumi Veno: Early evolution of the families Verbeekinidae and Neoschwagerinidae (Permian Fusulinacea) in the
Akiyoshi Limestone Group, Southwest Japan
973-1002

1-4

1-10

SHORT NOTES
27. Shiro Hasegawa: Melonis uchioi, a new name for a homonym in the foraminiferal genus Melonis from the Pacific .. 1003
28. Katsumi Veno: A peculiar fusulinacean fauna from the
Yasuba Conglomerate, Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku ........ 1004-1008

1-3

928.

929.

930.

931.

1-13

1-9

Number 165 (published April 30, 1992)
TRANSACTIONS
932. Kiyoshi Okumura and Yutaka Yamagishi: Molluscan faunafrom the Late Miocene Hatsuse Formation in the Miura
Peninsula, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan .................. 1009-1023
933. Ryuichi Majima and Akihiro Murata: Intraspecific variationand heterochrony in Phanerolepida pseudotransenna Ozaki(Gastropoda: Turbinidae) from the Pliocene Nobori Forma1024-1039
tion, Pacific side of southwestern Japan.
Neoschwagerinid
KatsumiVeno:
Verbeekinidand934.
fusulinaceans from the Akiyoshi Limestone Group above the
Parajusulina kaerimizensis Zone, southwest Japan. . . . . . . .. 1040-1069
935. Itaru Hayami and Tomoki Kase: A new cryptic species of
Pycnodonte from Ryukyu Islands: A living fossil oyster. .. 1070-1089

1-3

1-8

1-12
1-7

PROCEEDINGS ...................................... 1090-1093

Number 166 (published June 30, 1992)
TRANSACTIONS
936. Baochun Zhou and Noriyuki Ikeya: Three species of Krithe(Crustacea: Ostracoda) from Suruga Bay, Central Japan .. 1097-1115
937. Yasushi Yoshida and Yuji Okimura: Amygdalophylloides(Rugosa) from the Carboniferous of the Omi Limestone,
Central Japan ......................................... 1116-1143
938. Tatsuro Matsumoto and Takemi Takahashi: Ammonites of
the genus Acompsoceras and some other Acanthoceratid
species from the Ikushunbetsu Valley, central Hokkaido(Studies of the Cretaceous ammonites from Hokkaido-LXXIII) ............................................ 1144-1156
939. Yasunari Shigeta: A record of Pseudophyllites indra(Lytoceratina, Tetragonitidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of
Hokkaido and Sakhalin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1157-1163

1-10

1-18

1-7

1-4

Number 167 (published September 30, 1992)
TRANSACTIONS
940. Yasufumi Iryu: Fossil nonarticulated coralline algae as
depth indicators for the Ryukyu Group .................. 1165-1179
941. Kazuhiro Sugiyama: Lower and Middle Triassic radiolarians from Mt. Kinkazan, Gifu Prefecture, central Japan .... 1180-1223
942. Kenshiro Ogasawara and Kazuo Nagasawa: Tropical moIIuscan association in the Middle Miocene marginal sea of theJapanese Islands: An example of molluscs from the Oyama
Formation, Tsuruoka City, Northeast Honshu, Japan ...... 1224-1246
943. Hiroaki Karasawa: Fossil decapod crustaceans from the
Manda Group (Middle Eocene), Kyushu, Japan .......... 1247-1258

1-5

SHORT NOTES
29. Kimiyoshi Sada and Wilbert R. Danner: Pseudoschwagerina
skinneri, n. sp. from near Kamloops in British Columbia,
Canada .............................................. 1259-1263

1-3

1-15
1-18

1-9

PROCEEDINGS ...................................... 1264

Number 168 (published December 30, 1992)
TRANSACTIONS
944. Katsumi Ueno: Permian foraminifers from the Takakurayam a Group of the southern Abukuma Mountains, northeast
Japan ................................................. 1265-1295
945. Katsuo Sashida and Hisayoshi Igo: Triassic radiolarians
from a limestone exposed at Khao Chiak near Phatthalung,southern Thailand ..................................... 1296-1310
946. Masayuki Noda: Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri sp.
nov. (Bivalvia) from the Coniacian (Cretaceous) of Hokkaido
and its systematic implications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1311-1328
947. Susumu Tomida: Coleoid Spirulirostra (Cephalopoda, Mollusca) from the Miocene Mizunami Group, central Japan.
1329-1338
SYSTEMATIC INDEX .................................. 1339-1342
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES .................... 1343-1346

1-12

1-6

1-10

1-6

~---------------------

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Transactions and Proceedings of the PalaeontologicalSociety of Japan

New Series No. 168

December 30, 1992

CONTENTS
TRANSACTIONS
944.

Katsumi Veno: Permian foraminifers from the Takakurayama Group of thesouthern Abukuma Mountains, northeast Japan ......................... 1265

945.

Katsuo Sashida and Hisayoshi Igo: Triassic radiolarians from a limestone
exposed at Khao Chiak near Phatthalung, southern Thailand............. 1296
Masayuki Noda: Inoceramus (Platyceramus) troegeri sp. nov. (Bivalvia)
from the Coniacian (Cretaceous) ofHokkaido and its systematic implications. 1311
Susumu Tomida: Coleoid Spirulirostra (Cephalopoda, Mollusca) from the
Miocene Mizunami Group, central Japan ............................... 1329

946.
947.

SYSTEMATIC INDEX .................................................... 1339
INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES ...................................... 1343