Expert Meeting on REDD+ Investment
organized by FFPRI

REDD+ support and investment coming to Myanmar
and the development of institutional arrangements
to use them effectivelyThaung Naing Oo Ph.D.
Director of Forest Research Institute – Forest Department
Email: tnoo71@gmail.com

20-1-2020

Scope of presentation
 Forest Cover Status and Change REDD+ and NDC
 Setting the Targets for Zero Net Deforestation and PAMs
 Developing REDD+ Investment Plan Examples of pre-identified investment packages
 On-going REDD+ related projects

Forest Cover Status –FRA 2015

Forest Cover Change
 Inevitable deforestation at a very high rate Third highest deforestation rate in the world between 2010 and 2015 according to FRA 2015.

50,00057.97%

Area (000 ha)

40,000

Closed forest
Open forest

51.54%

49.25%

46.96%

2000 Year

2005

2010

30,00042.92%

20,00010,00001990

Period1990-2000
2000-20102010-2015

Annual deforested
Area (ha)434,997.56
309,588.27
546,397.1

Annual deforested
Rate (%)
1.2
0.9
1.8

2015

REDD+ and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC)
SectorIntended contribution(s)Supporting actionsForestry• Reserved Forest (RF) andProtected Public Forest(PPF) = 30% of totalnational land area
• Protected Area Systems(PAS) = 10% of total
national land area

• 30-Year National Forestry Master Plan
(2001-30)• 10-Year Myanmar Reforestation andRehabilitation Programme (MRRP)• REDD+ Programme• Forest Law Enforcement Governance Trade(FLEGT)- Hydro9.4 GW installed capacity by 2030

Long Term Energy Master Plan
National Electrification Master Plan

- Rural electrification

Rural electrification through the use of atleast 30% renewable sources.

Comprehensive Village Development Plan

- Industrial energy
efficiency

20% energy saving by 2030 of the total
forecast electricity
consumption.

Partnership with Global Environment Facility
to demonstrate possible economy widesavings- Cookstoves

To distribute approximately 260,000
cookstoves between 2016 and 2031.

Comprehensive Plan for Dry Zone Greening(2001-31) programme
5Renewables

Myanmar’s Vision for REDD+
Myanmar’s forests play a leading role in contributing to climate change
mitigation and adaptation under the NDC and, through the ecosystemservices they provide, contribute to vibrant sustainable economic, particularly
rural, development, thus contributing to the achievement of many of the SDG
targets in Myanmar.

National REDD+ Strategy’s Goal
“to contribute to the achievement of a climate resilient, low carbon andsustainable development path of the country through transformationalchange in the land-use and forestry sector by reducing deforestationand forest degradation while enhancing livelihoods, sustainable growthand development.”

Recalling the fundamental components of REDD+National
Strategy &/orAction PlanNational
ForestMonitoring
System

Safeguards
Information
SystemForestReference
Level

Reducing
emissions fromdeforestation

Reducing
emissions fromforest
degradation•••

Describes how REDD+ will be implemented
Required to access results-based financeCan help to access funding to implement
NS/AP

Scale:
Scope:
Timeframe:

Conservation offorest carbon
stocksNational
Covers all five REDD+ activities
Open-ended

Sustainable
Management ofForests

Enhancement offorest carbon
stocksSetting the targets for Zero Net Deforestation
The most ambitious target (with conditional) is: Scenario 1: Zero net deforestation by 2030 (ZND/2030)
The less ambitious target are:

 Scenario 2: Zero net deforestation by 2038
 Scenario 3: Zero net deforestation by 2045
 Scenario 4: Zero net deforestation by 2053 (ZND/2053)
Zero net deforestation can be achieved by(i) reducing the deforestation rate to match the existing reforestation/afforestation rate;(ii) accelerating the Reforstation/afforestation rate to match a constant deforestation rate;or, most likely(iii) a combination of reduced deforestation and accelerated afforestation.

Policies and Measures (PAMs)
 National REDD+ Strategy identified 44 PAMs to address deforestation and forest degradation.
 Since the drivers of deforestation originate to a very large extent form outside the forest sector,
PAMs will also need to involve actors outside the FD and even outside MONREC.
 The type of PAMs required to have any significant impact in reduced deforestation rates and/oraccelerated afforestation are proposed to include: Moratorium on agri-business Virgin, Fellow and Vacant Land (VFV) certificates 2020-2030
 Investment in agricultural intensification on existing cultivated land
 Establishment of target for maximum area under cultivation
 Land swap of forested VFV land and deforested "forest land" Major expansion of "forest land" under community management
 Integrated, participatory land-use planning Introduction of "deforestation tax"
 Amending transfer payment formula (for States and Regions) to include forest cover as anindicator Investment in wood-based industries facilities (pulp, paper, particle board and plywood
production etc.)

Myanmar’s Approach to REDD+
1.

Align with the guidance of the UNFCCC.

2.

Promote transformational changes in the way that the country approaches economic and land use
development.

3.

Ensure that policies and measures designed to address greenhouse gas emissions also generate
non-carbon benefits.

4.

Take immediate action on all REDD+ activities likely to have significant mitigation benefits but
focus initially on reporting emissions and removals related to (1) reducing emissions fromdeforestation, and (2) the enhancement of forest carbon stocks through afforestation andreforestation.

5.

Require any projects targeting sub-national actions, and those under other forest carbon
mechanisms to follow guidelines linked to the national REDD+ development process and UNFCCC
decisions and guidance, and to absorb the additional costs of reconciling carbon accounting andsafeguards information.

A phased approach to REDD+ implementation
Phase 1: Readiness
Capacity building and developing systems
Develop National Strategy

Phase 2: Implementation / Piloting
Implement National Strategy
Test & refine methods, implement, further capacity
building• Scale• National Level• Scope• Deforestation andEnhancement
REDD+ACADEMY ofCarbon StockPhase 3: Full National Implementation
Emissions reductions are measured  reported verified
Results-based finance11

Developing a REDD+ Investment Plan forMyanmarMajor Drivers of deforestation in States and Regions
Investment plan should be based on PAMS which are targeted to address deforestation and forest degradation.
State/ region

Large-scale Small-scale Timber Illegal Fuelwood Charcoal
Shifting
Mining Enhancement Conservation
agriculture agriculture harvesting logging collection production cultivation

Ayeyarwaddy*

BagoChin
KachinKayahKayin
MagweMandalay
Mon

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Nay Pyi Taw**

RakhineSagaing
Shan
Tanintharyi
Yangon

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• International Support for REDD+ ReadinessDonorsMyanmar

MyanmarBali
2007

DonorsThe objective of Myanmar’s Investment Plan REDD+:“to establish a framework for investment in REDD+ implementation in Myanmar that ensuresalignment with broader development priorities and maximizes climate impact of future investments”
The prioritization process will involve rating each potential location, PAM and structural policy change against a set ofcriteria, including:
1. Emission reduction potential. Indicators to be assessed are:
 Carbon stocks (applies to locations) Level of threat (applies to locations) Past deforestation (applies to locations) Feasibility (social, environment, economic, political, security)

44 Policies and Measures
have been identified in
National REDD+ Strategy toaddress deforestation.

2. Political support. Indicators to be assessed are:
 Alignment with Myanmar Sustainable Development Plan (MSDP) and sectoral policies
 Potential to contribute to ethnic conflict resolution (applies to PAMs and locations) Guidance provided by Development Assistant Coordination Unit (DACU) The content of existing and planned projects that are relevant to REDD+
3. Level of non-governmental stakeholder support
4.Cost-benefit assessment, in social, environmental and economic terms

Examples of pre-identified investment packages
1. REDD+ implementation in mangrove ecosystems
Donor:
Norway (through UN-REDD)
Funding:Phase 1, US$ 2M; Phase 2, to be decided
Timeline:
Phase 1, 2020-21; Phase 2, 2022-tbd
Location:
National (coastal), focus on Delta and SE Myanmar

2. Support to Myanmar Reforestation and Rehabilitation Programme (MRRP)
Donor: World Bank
Funding:
US$ 200M (tbc)
Timeline:
2022-tbd
Location:
National
3. IUCN/TRI Forest Landscape Restoration Project
4. GCF proposal to address fuelwood and charcoal
5. JCM Projects???

On-going REDD+ Readiness Project
1. Capacity Building of Relevant Stakeholders for REDD+ Readiness in Myanmar (Phase I & Phase II)

Project Profile
Executive Agency

Forest Department, MONREC

Date of signing

MOU - December, 2014, LOA – November, 2015 (Phase I)
Project Agreement 30th September 2019

Project period (Phase I)
Project period (Phase II)

1st May 2016 ~ 30th September 2019 (41 months)
1st October 2019 ~ 30th September 2022

Project Area

North Zarmari Wildlife Scantuary and surrounding area, Bago District andTharyarwaddy District, Bago Region

Funding

USD 600,000

Main objective

To build capacity of relevant stakeholders for REDD+To prepare of PDD for VCS
To register the project PD to VCS and CCBA during the project period
To verify the project under VCS and CCBA and produce VCUs

https://www.vcsprojectdatabase.org/#/ccb-pipeline-project-details/PL1848

17

VCS REGISTRATION DOCUMENTS & BRIEF INFORMATION

 Project ID - PL1848

 Project Proponent
 MULTIPLE PROJECT PROPONENTS

 Registry - APX

 Sectoral Scope - Agriculture, Forestry, Land Use CCB - CCB Standards Name State / Province - Bago District

 Estimated Annual Emission Reductions - 238,397

Korea – Myanmar Joint - Bago Region REDD+ Program
North Zamari REDD+ Project VCS Project Status - Under Validation
 Project Methodology - VM0006
 Project Validator - SGS United Kingdom Ltd. (SGS) CCB Standards Status - Under validation

 CCB Standards Edition - Third Edition

https://www.vcsprojectdatabase.org/#/ccb-pipeline-project-details/PL1848

2. Reforestation and Restoration of degraded mangrove lands, sustainable livelihoodand community development in Myanmar (VCS)
ProjectProponent

Project ID

Project Name

1764

Reforestation WorldviewandInternationalRestoration of Foundation
degradedmangrovelands,
sustainable
livelihood andcommunity
developmentin Myanmar

Country
Myanmar

Sectoral
Scope
14.
Agriculture,
Forestry, Land
Use

Estimated
AnnualEmission
Reductions
184,006

https://www.vcsprojectdatabase.org/#/projects/st_Myanmar/c_/ss_0/so_/di_/np_

Active CCB
Status3. Climate Adaptation in Coastal Communities of Myanmar: Improved Management of Mangrove Forests
Project Profile
Executive Agency

Forest Department, MONREC

Donor Country

Government of Denmark

Date of signing

Agreement signed in February 2018 (up to January 2023)

Project period

5 Years (February 2018 to January 2023)

Project AreaYanbye Township, Kyaukphyu District and Myebon Township, Sittwe District inRakhine State, Myanmar, and also at Kyunsu Township, Myeik District inTanintharyi Region

Funding

USD 5.5 million

Main objective

to strengthen coastal communities’ resilience to climate change through thepresence of healthy mangrove forests and access to more sustainable livelihood
opportunities.

4. Reversing forest degradation and deforestation and restoring forested landscapes through local multistakeholder management

Project Profile
Executive Agency

Forest Department, MONREC

Donor Organization

The Restoration Initiative (TRI) Myanmar/GEF/IUCN Funding

Date of signing-Project period

January 2018 to December 2021

Project Area

Katha District and Shwebo District, Sagaing Region

Funding

USD 2,652,293

Main objective

To reverse forest degradation and deforestation and restore forested landscapesin Myanmar through local multi-stakeholder management

Myanmar Reforestation and Rehabilitatioin
Programme (MRRP)

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation

Restoration and Rehabilitation Programme in Myanmar
ObjectivesTo restore and rehabilitate the forest with the appropriate methods
To strengthen the investment of large- and small scale private plantation
To support the community forestry and agro-forestry practices
To formulate the plantation policy through consultation with relevant stakeholders
To encourage the participation of all relevant stakeholders in restoration and rehabilitation
programme
 10 years programme Phase I – 2017-2018 to 2021-2022 (5 years)
 Phase II _ 2022-2033 to 2026-2027 (5 years)
 Implementing Agency
 Forest Department & Dry Zone Greening Department
 Budget (Myanmar Govt.)
 USD 497.212 Millions (MMK 589.195 billions)19Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation

Restoration and Rehabilitation Programme in Myanmar

Expected outputs
 Formulation of Forest Plantation Policy
 Establishment of 148,627 ha (352,438 Acres) of forest plantations owned by the State Establishment of 115,427 ha (285,104 Acres) of private plantations
 331,392 ha (818,538 Acres) of Assisted Natural Regeneration in the Production Forests
 Conservation of 202,429 ha (500,000 Acres) of remaining natural forests in Central Dry Zone
 Establishment of 311,875 ha (770,332 Acres) of Community Forests
 Reservation of 1,610 square mile (6.19 5% of country area) to fulfil the national target of 30%of PFE in accordance with Myanmar forest policy 1995.

20

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation

Restoration and Rehabilitation Programme in Myanmar (Cont;)
9. Zoning of the project
Zone 3

Zone 4

Bago, Yangon, NPT

Sagaing, Kachin, Chin

Zone 2

Zone 5

Ayeyarwaddy, Rakhine

Mdy, Magwe

Zone 1

Zone 6Mon, Kayin Tanintharyi

Shan, Kayah

Zone

Project Office

Zone

Project Office1

Dawae4

MonYwa2

Pathein

5Magwe3Bago

6Taunggyi32

Organizational Structure of Myanmar REDD+ Programme
National Environmental Conservation andClimate Change Committee (NECCCC)
Programme Executive Board (PEB)

REDD+ Taskforce

TWG

TWG

REDD+ Office(FD)TWG

REDD+ Stakeholder Network
1. TWG on Drivers and Strategies
2. TWG on Stakeholder Engagement and Safeguards
3. TWG on National Forest Monitoring Systems and Forest Reference
Emission Levels/ Forest Reference Levels

UN-REDD ProgrammeManagement Unit (PMU)

REDD+ Initiatives of Development
Partners
Institutional arrangements, including: Arrangements for coordination among line agencies
 Arrangements for coordination and cooperation between
Union government and EAO’s
 Arrangements for engagement of non-governmental
partners and private sector

Proposed Overall REDD+ institutional architecture

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
Dr. Thaung Naing OoDirector, Forest Research Institute
Forest Department
Email: tnoo71@gmail.com

Website: www.myanmar-redd.org

Forest Cover in States and Regions
23870
23252

25000
17020

Square mile

20000

10877

15000

8618
5185

10000
1652

7966
4461

2952
1314

1756

1684
189

1328

5000
06

The Way Forward
Potential areas of PFE

Current PFE in Myanmar

Policy Target
Reserved Forest = 30 %Protected Areas = 10%
Changeable land area= 11 %Total area of country = 51 %