JAXA Earth Observations
Addressing Water Issues
AWCI Session for the 15th AOGEO Symposium,
September 21, 2022

Riko OKI
Director,Earth Observation Research Center
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Water related disasters in Asia Pacific Region / Earth Observation Satellite
WHY Should We Strengthen
Science & Technology ?

Advantages ofEarth Observation Satellite

Disaster Impacts
1980-1999 vs. 2000-2019[UNDRR, 2020]

Reported disasters Total deaths Total affected Economic loss ($)

1980-1999

 Wide Coverage Globally Consistent Borderless Not affected by disasters

2000-20191

CompletedIn OperationTo be Launched

MOS-1/MOS-1b
1987-1990/1995-1996
GOSAT

MOE/JAXA/NIES

JERS-1
1992-1998

2009-

ALOS-32022GCOM-W
2012-

ADEOS 1996-1997
ADEOS-II 2002-2003

GPM/DPR
2014-

TRMM/PR
1997-2015

ALOS-2
2014-

ALOS-42022-2023

EarthCARE
2023-2024

ALOS
2006-2011
GCOM-C
2017Aqua/AMSR-E
2002-2015

GOSAT-2

MOE/JAXA/NIES

2018-

GOSAT-GW
MOE/JAXA/NIES

2023-2024

Assessing the disaster situation by “DAICHI-2” (ALOS-2) observation

Inundated area around the Kuma river (July 2020)

Photo by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport
and Tourism, Kyusyu Regional Development Bureau3

GSMaP and Short-term and Long-term Applications for disaster prevention
Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP)- Space-based global rainfall map- 11 x 11km spatial resolution- Hourly rainfall data for 22 years(since 2000)- Cyclone/Heavy rainfall monitoring as supplement toground-based observations- GSMaP utilization trainings for Asia pacific regions

Typhoon Rai passage from the east of
the Philippine Sea to the westward.

- Drought monitoring by JAXA Climate Rainfall Watch
https://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP_CLM/- Contribution to the WMO’s Space-based Weather andClimate Extremes Monitoring (SWCEM)
https://public.wmo.int/en/programmes/wmo-space-programme/swcem- Agro-met monitoring by JAxa's Satellite based MonItoring
Network system for FAO AMIS Market Monitor (JASMIN)
Precipitation from December 13 to 20, 2021 based on GSMaP

https://suzaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/JASMIN/index.html

4Flood Prediction Realized
by Integration of GSMaP and Ground Observations
Ground observations

Satellite precipitation (GSMaP)
Partners

https://www.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/cpd/monitor/climatview/frame.php

Rainfall over the river basin

River discharge using GSMaP

during flood in Pakistan

by Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS)◀ Discharge of main river in Indus– Largely increased (red)(Images provided by ICHARM)

5Global Terrestrial Hydrological Simulation System:
Today’s EarthDevelopment of Regional ver.
Forcing Data
Preparation：
Satellite obs. and JMA
reanalysis/forecast data

25km
→1km

Validation

Model Simulation：
Land Surface Model +River Routing Model

Ensemble ApproachRiver Dis.[m3/s]

Global2008

2014

100km

50/25km

2015

10km development

Japan 1km

Typhoon Hagibis Forecast

Accuracy
Improvement

Data Provision：Various hydrologicalparameters with risk
indices

Super HighResolution
model (1km)

2021

2019

Machine Learning
for Bias Correction
Yoshikane and Yoshimura., 2022

Ma et al., 2021

91.6% of the flooded locations are predicted!

6Readiness of Free and Open – ALOS-2 and ALOS data
CY 2022ALOS

CY 2023

1Q

2Q

3Q

4Q

1Q

2Q

3Q

4Q

Jan MarApr JunJul Sept

Oct Dec

Jan MarApr JunJul Sept

Oct Dec

AVNIR-2(10 m)

Data Distribution (Open and Free) on
less than 30% cloud on G-Portal andGoogle Earth Engine (GEE)
Process all AVNIR-2 1B2

PALSAR
FBS/D(10 m),WD(100m)

ALOS-2PALSAR-2
ScanSAR(100m)

Open and Free on G-Portal

Process CARD4L (L2.2) Asia &Africa

Process L1.1 Asia and Africa

GEO2022 week
Open and Free on G-Portal. GEE andopen repository on AWS

Process L1.1 and L2.2
America and other area

JAXA G-portal: https://gportal.jaxa.jp/gpr/?lang=en
AVNIR-2 EORC HP(Japan area): https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/dataset/ori_e.htm

7Future Earth Observation Missions in JAXA
2022-

2022-2023

2023-2024

2023-2024

FutureALOS-3

ALOS-4

EarthCAREGOSAT-GW

Precipitation
Measuring Mission(PMM)(JAXA Mission)

Water
Cycle

ALOS-3(Optical)Cloud/Aerosol/
Radiation Budget

Disaster/
Mapping

GOSAT-GW

ALOS-4(Radar)Disaster/
ForestPrecipitation/Convection

Greenhousegases(MOE Mission)8