April 2024

Evaluating the U.S. Role in Clean Hydrogen Adoption in Indo-PacificKey U.S. Policy and Program Developments & Export Consideration

Hydrogen Plans by Key Indo-Pacific Economies
Nat'l strategy/plan

H2 consumption target (vol, %, years)

Electrolyser installcapacity: current vs.
target (year)"Clean hydrogen"definition

Global H2 use byvol. and % (2020)

N/A

23.9 mmt/y; 20%

China

Medium-and long-term Plan for the Development of theHydrogen Industry, 2021-2035 (Mar 2022)

Produce ~200,000 tons/yr of RE hydrogen by 2025.

200 MW~ in 2022; 120
GW by 2030

India

National Green Hydrogen Mission (Jan 2023)

Produce 5 mmt/yr of RE hydrogen by 2030

N/A today; est. ~12 GW
N/Aby 2030

7.2 mmt/y; 6%Indonesia

National Hydrogen Strategy (Dec 2023)

Use RE hydrogen in the transportation sector from 2031, and in theindustrial sector from 2041.

N/A today; N/A target

N/A

1.5 mmt/y; 1.25%

Japan

Basic Hydrogen Strategy (rev. June 2023)

Produce 3 mmt/yr by 2030, 12 mmt/yr by 2040, and 20 mmt/yr by2050.

N/A today; 15GW in2030

3.4kgCO2e/kgH2

1.7 mmt/y; 1.42%

Hydrogen Economy Roadmap 2040 (2019)

Provide 3.9 mmt/yr in 2030 (incl. 750,000 t/yr from CO2 abated NG,
250,000 t/yr from RE, 1.96 mmt/yr of RE hydrogen import). Provide
27.9 mmt/yr by 2050 (3 mmt/yr from RE, 2 mmt/yr from CO2 abated
NG, 22.9 mmt/yr of RE hydrogen import).

N/A today; N/A target.

4.0kgCO2e/kgH21.3mmt/y; 1.08%

Philippines

A policy framework for the integration of "greenhydrogen" in the national energy mix is forthcoming.

N/A

N/A today; N/A target.

N/A

N/ASingapore

National Hydrogen Strategy (Oct 2022)

Supply ~50% of electricity demand by 2050.

N/A today; N/A target

N/AN/AThailand

National Power Development Plan (2023-2037) includes
hydrogen fuel.

RE hydrogen is projected to become available for commercial use by2030.

N/A today; N/A target

N/A

N/AViet Nam

National Green Growth Strategy for 2021-2030 includes astrategy to encourage hydrogen development (Oct 2021). Produce 100,000-500,000 tons/yr by 2030, and 10–20 mmt/yr by 2050.
A hydrogen strategy is reportedly under development.

N/A today; N/A target

N/A

500,000 tons/y;
0.33%

Korea

Potential U.S. Roles...
● Exporter of hydrogen molecules?
● Supplier of electrolyzer components?
● Shaper of hydrogen contractual features (e.g., price indexation)?
● Intermediaries and aggregators over in a far future?

CSIS Hydrogen Model
Model Development● Evaluate options for global hydrogen
trade.
● Compute renewable hydrogenproduction costs.
● Add cost of hydrogen delivery.
Publication Status● Production Model Paper (Submitted)● CSIS Report (May/June Release)● Transport ModelPaper(In Development)

Total Cost of Renewable Hydrogen Delivery

Suppliers

Values in US$ per
kilogram of hydrogen($/kg H2)

Destinations
JapanKorea

Singapore

ThailandAustralia$4.41~$7.11$4.42~$7.13$4.40~$7.09$4.43~$7.14

Chile$4.35~$7.65$4.37~$7.68$4.38~$7.69$4.43~$7.84

U.S. Gulf Coast (S)$4.81~$7.85$4.82~$7.88$4.92~$8.02$4.93~$8.05

U.S. Gulf Coast (P)$4.99~$8.22$4.97~$8.19$4.89~$8.00$4.95~$8.70

U.S. West Coast$4.53~$8.34$4.54~$8.37$4.68~$8.69$4.69~$8.70*Accounts for costs of hydrogen production, hydrogen piping to ports, ammonia
synthesis, ammonia shipping, and reconversion into hydrogen at destination. .

Appendix: Total Delivery Cost Input Parameters● A ll F in al V alu es : $0.60/kg H2 for piping of hydrogen to ports; electricity costof $120/MWh; $800 per ton of MGO; project discount rate of 8%; 25-year
project lifetime. Shipping distance differs by supplier/destination
combination.
● Lo w -C o s t V alu es : MGO shipping fuel scenario; 500,000 tons of H2 delivered;supplier-specific low-cost of hydrogen production; ammonia boil-off rate of
0.025%.
● H ig h -C o s t V alu es :LNH3 shipping fuel scenario; 100,000 tons of H2 delivered;supplier-specific high-cost of hydrogen production; no ammonia boil-off(consumed as fuel instead).