Interim report of the questionnaire survey※This document is for reference only and is not intended to be released to the public.
◼ Outline of the survey⚫ Countries surveyed: India, Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan (8 countries)⚫ Survey period: January 2021 - Present (Survey via ASOCIO started in January 2021)⚫ Survey method: 1) Survey questionnaires were sent to companies in each country via ASOCIO member
organizations 2) Survey questionnaires were sent to companies in each country via MX (Market Xcel), a groupcompany of NRI India⚫ Number of questionnaires collected: Survey Method 1) 96 (including 80 from Vietnam)
Survey Method 2) 400 (20 x 8 countries)◼ Questionnaire⚫ Number of questions: Up to 18⚫ Questions: Respondents' attributes, status of cross-border data transfer, awareness of regulations on crossborder data transfer, etc.

Copyright（C） Nomura Research Institute, Ltd. All rights reserved.

0

The position of the survey

Perspectives on Measuring Reliability in Digital Environments
Perspectives on
Understanding
TrustExample

Perceptions

Do you consider that shopping
online is safe ?

Self-reported

Have you experienced any
problems when buying goods orservices online where you thought
you had a legitimate cause forcomplaint ?

Companies
andindividuals

Administrative
data

Surveys of companies andindividuals Questionnaire
survey, etc.
(This survey is one
example.)Consumer complaints

Public data and otherstatistical information from
regulatory authorities invarious countries

Features and enforcement ofconsumer protection regulation.

Statistical information ofinternational organizations,etc.
(DTRI is an example.)

By Country
Policies

Method of understandingand quantifying※This document is for reference only and is not intended to be released to the public. Copyright（C） Nomura Research Institute, Ltd. All rights reserved.

1

Survey Analysis

The countries which are frequent destinations for the cross-border data transfer◼ The top countries for frequent data transfers are developed countries and countries with large
economies, such as the US, Australia, and EU countries.
◼ On the other hand, the countries ranked lower are those with relatively small economies or countries
that are physically far from Asia.
Q11. Please select the countries which are frequent destinations for the cross-border data transfer? (Select from themost frequent up to three)（N=385.4）※ For the eight countries to which the questionnaire was distributed, the respondents were not allowed to selecttheir own country.
United states of America
Australia
EUJapan
India
China
Malaysia
CanadaVietnamHongKong
New ZealandSingapore
Philippines
Indonesia
South Korea
RussiaThailandTaiwanOther Asian countries
Other non-Asian countries
not specified

0.7%

9.4%
8.9%
8.8%
8.1%
7.5%
7.0%
8.2%
8.4%

14.5%
13.9%
13.9%
12.8%
12.7%
12.5%
11.9%
11.4%
11.2%

17.5%

20.9%
20.2%

※This document is for reference only and is not intended to be released to the public. Copyright（C） Nomura Research Institute, Ltd. All rights reserved.

2Survey Analysis

The countries which have business disruptive regulations◼ Australia, China, Canada, etc. were listed as the top countries where regulations are inhibiting, while
few companies chose Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, etc. as countries where regulations are disruptive.
Q14. Please select the countries which have business disruptive regulations on cross-border data transfers. (Select upto 3 from the top.) （N＝416）
Australia
China
CanadaHong Kong
India
Jaoan
New ZealandUnited States of America
Malaysia
EU
South Korea
Indonesia
TaiwanPhilippines
RussiaSingapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asian countries
Other non-Asian countries
No country is disruptive. / Unknown

21.6%
21.5%
17.1%
15.9%
13.0%
12.8%
12.6%
11.4%
11.3%
11.1%
11.1%
10.8%
10.1%
9.0%
8.8%
8.3%
8.2%
7.8%
9.4%
13.8%
11.2%

※This document is for reference only and is not intended to be released to the public. Copyright（C） Nomura Research Institute, Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Survey Analysis

Regulations that have a significant impact on business (other countries)◼ Among the regulations in other countries, digital taxation and data localization, including personal
information protection and external standard taxation based on the total amount of data held, arecited as inhibiting regulations.
◼ On the other hand, few companies cite intermediary liability and network sovereignty as disincentive
regulations.
Q15. Which of the following regulations of your country have negative impact on your business? (Select from themost significant up to three).（N=416）
30.0%

Personal information protection
Digital tax such as size-based business tax based on the total amount of data held by a company

27.3%

Data localization

26.9%

Content regulation

26.2%
22.4%

Regulations on the exercise of intellectual property rights
Request for disclosure to company-owned information

15.6%

Regulations with regard to fair competition

15.6%

Restriction on data free flow in general

14.3%

Request for disclosure to software source code/algorithm/cryptograph

14.1%

Duty to set up an agent

13.1%

Network sovereignty

13.0%

Regulations on intermediary liability

12.4%Other regulations

5.3%※This document is for reference only and is not intended to be released to the public. Copyright（C） Nomura Research Institute, Ltd. All rights reserved.

4

Survey Analysis

Regulations that have a significant impact on business (one's own country)◼ Among the regulations in their own country, data localization was cited as the most disincentive, while
few companies cited the obligation to establish an agent or intermediary liability as regulations with adisincentive impact.
Q16. What are your thoughts on regulations on cross-border data transfer? (*Please select up to three.)（N=416社）
38.7%

Data localization
Digital tax such as size-based business tax based on the total amount of data held by a company

29.6%

Content regulation

29.4%

Regulations on the exercise of intellectual property rights

28.4%
23.7%

Personal information protection

21.7%

Request for disclosure to software source code/algorithm/cryptograph
Request for disclosure to company-owned information

17.4%

Network sovereignty

16.8%

Regulations with regard to fair competition

14.2%

Restriction on data free flow in general

14.1%
12.3%

Regulations on intermediary liability

10.6%

Duty to set up an agent
Other regulations

4.4%※This document is for reference only and is not intended to be released to the public. Copyright（C） Nomura Research Institute, Ltd. All rights reserved.

5Survey Analysis

Thoughts on regulations on cross-border data transfer◼ About 40% of companies agree with the idea that "an increasing number of countries are becoming
protectionist when it comes to data distribution, and this is hindering the development of the global
economy.

Q17. What are your thoughts on regulations on cross-border data transfer? (*Please select up to three.)（N=416）
The number of protectionist countries in terms of data flow is increasing,and this tendency is hindering the development of the world economy.

39.7%

Increasing "trust" in data flow is important to simplify proceduresthat are essentially necessary for the business and mitigate risk.

37.6%

Government intervention on data held by private businesses
reduces "trust" in data flow and hinders business.

36.5%

Regulations that require data localization reduce "trust" in data flow and hinder business.

34.7%

If we can promote the standardization of regulations by unifying the fragmented regulations
set by each country or introducing an international certification system,
the negative impact of data transfer regulations on business will be reduced.
We can expand our business by keeping the necessary requirements for data transfers
such as privacy protection as small as possible, while keeping data free flow.

29.9%
28.6%

Free flow of data is an indispensable condition
for business development and progress in digital transformation.

27.3%

There are countries that impose unnecessary restrictions on free flow of data,
and these regulations are hindering the economic development of those countries.

25.6%

None in particular.
Other6.1%
0.5%※This document is for reference only and is not intended to be released to the public. Copyright（C） Nomura Research Institute, Ltd. All rights reserved.

6

Survey Analysis

Comparison of this study and DTRI (Digital Trade Restrictiveness Index) of ECIPE◼ There is a discrepancy between the disincentive points in this survey and DTRI of ECIPE.
◼ We will be doing additional analysis for countries such as Australia and Canada.
Disrupitve point 12※ Calculation based on Q14

Australia11China

10
The impact ofregulations is morethan an objectiveassessment.

9Canada876543

Hong KongJapanIndia

Malaysia
TaiwanIndonesia
New ZealandSouth Korea
ThailandSingapore
RussiaVietnamPhilippines
United States of Amertca

21

It is lessburdensome onbusiness processes
than objective
evaluation.

0

ECIPE「DTRI」
0

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75※This document is for reference only and is not intended to be released to the public. Copyright（C） Nomura Research Institute, Ltd. All rights reserved.

7