The SOLAR-C mission:
study status updateToshifumi SHIMIZU
ISAS/JAXA, Japan!"#$#%&'!()*+,#!*!,-*.*,-/
01,2,34

56789:;3101



!"#$%&'()$*+,%-.%$&*"/"0$#-1+$2-/&0"
43R;+?S?++?O;/*/?+!;@*!;(S;3D;T&=?;3101H

More dynamic chromosphere!
<#=*=>;-?>;@A#!"#%&B*C1DE;;
F#&C1GH
7/#J&)?!;;@P?8(=Q?&C12H
9=?$(=?;-?>!;@7"#I*>*C12H
8?=&$I+*);;$#J+(K-?>!;@L*>!&B*M*C12H

A variety of jets•! Signatures of transient magnetic energy releases•! Apparently playing an important role in the energy,
momentum and mass balance of the atmosphere
01,2,34

F#N">;I+#ON?;-?>!;@7"#$#%&C1GH

56789:;3101



!"#$%&'()$*+,%-.%$&*"/"0$#-1+$2-/&0"
Waves!: signatures of energy transport and release
70 73Alfvenwaves•! Can carry anenergy flux into
the corona or
solar wind.
U+*=!V?+!?;(!J#))*Q(=!;(S;/+($#=?=J?;>"+?*O!;>"*>;>+*J?;>"?;W;X?)O;@6B*$(>(C12H

Y=>?=!#>Z
P(//)?+;V?)(J#>Z
6&[)(M!;S+($;*JQV?;+?N#(=;
01,2,34
J(+(=*;!??=;#=;\?;]YYY

F#=?;M#O>"

56789:;3101



U+*=!V?+!?;(!J#))*Q(=!;*+?;&I#^&#>(&!;#=;!/#J&)?!;@O?;8(=Q?&C12HA?M;$#!!#(=;*_?+;`#=(O?a;3#&$!"#$%&'$4-%%-&/$.&/."*1%$•! ()*+,$!;"#$%&'()*&+,-).&+/01&/12/()#%,)345#6)071&58#'0%1;
S+($;*=;(&>K(SK?J)#/QJ;(+I#>;>(;?./)(+?;>"?;/()*+;+?N#(=E;#=>?+=*);!>+&J>&+?;*=O$%&'()$(.56-1,$.,.'"$&)-7-/;@OZ=*$(H,;;;;;bbU(M*+O;&=O?+!>*=O#=N;>"?;!()*+;$*N=?QJ;*JQV#>Z;JZJ)?cc;•! ()*+,-`#N";!/*Q*);+?!()&Q(=E)./$.)9.50:$.;:9-)./$.)(#,&%(&;!/?J>+(!J(/#J;*=O;/()*+#$?>+#J;(I!?+V*Q(=!;
1&#2+&11+6)<502);.0901;.&5&)90)(050%#;>(;#=V?!QN*>?;$*N=?Q!$;(S;>"?;7&=;*=O;#>!;+()?;#=;"?*Q=N;*=O;OZ=*$#!$;(S;!()*+;*>$(!/"?+?,;;;;;bbU(M*+O;&=O?+!>*=O#=N;>"?;$*N=?QJ;X?)O;O#!!#/*Q(=;;;;/+(J?!!?!;*=O;?=?+NZ;>+*=!S?+;#=;>"?;*>$(!/"?+?cc;;
01,2,34

56789:;3101;



F*>?!>;!>&OZ;!>*>&!;@0H;•! U"?;7()*+K5;d<;M*!;(+N*=#%?O;#=;T9]9;#=;P?J?$I?+;311D,;•! e.+/01+*23+*),!"#$%&',!450+40,607+523+,8002+9f;M*!;"?)O;>M#J?;*>;Y797gT9]9;M#>";/*+QJ#/*Q(=;(S;$*=Z;!J#?=Q!>!;S+($;h&+(/?*=;J(&=>+#?!;*=O;i7,;;;–! 0DK30;A(V?$I?+E;311D;–! GK03;j*+J"E;3101;•!

7#=J?;j*+J";311GE;R;!&I;d<!;"*V?;I??=;M(+B#=N;>(;/()#!";&/;!J#?=J?!;*=O;/*Z)(*O;;;;;;;;;J(=J?/>!,;

01,2,34

56789:;3101;

R;7&I;d<!;S(+;!>&OZ#=N;!/?J#XJ;>(/#J!
•! 2"'-&%"-%4&'&7,$(/0$1+"$8&'()$ •! :+)&4&%*+")-.;:&)&/($<-"'0$="(%>)"4"/1%$
9,/(4&$•! k,;L*>!&B*M*;@J"*#+HE;W,;F#>?!;@J(KJ"*#+HE;–! U,;7?B##;@J"*#+HE;U,;9//(&+J"*&.;@J(KJ"*#+HE;`,;`*+*E;U,;k(B(Z*$*E;F,;<#%(=E;j,;:?$/?)E;j,;j#?!J"E;7,;L(!(V#J"?VE;
T,;l"*(;–! h!>*I)#!";!J#?=J?;J*!?!;S(+;>"?;8)*=;9;$#!!#(=;#=;>?+$!;(S;"?)#(!?#!$()(NZ•! ?@;A?@$2-7+B1+)&>7+*>1$
8*".1)&4"1),$•!

•!

U,;7"#$#%&;@J"*#+HE;<,;P(!J"?B;@J(KJ"*#+HE;`,;`*+*E;U,;d*>*=*I?E;7,;Y$*O*E;`,;Y!(I?E;F,;`*++*E;F,;U?+#*J?E;i,;7J"&?")?E;5,;L(+?=OZB?E;T,;P*V#)*E;U,;
U*+I?));
h!>*I)#!";!J#?=J?;J*!?!;S(+;>"?;imghim;+*=N?;M#>";"#N"K>"+(&N"/&>E;"#N"K
J*O?=J?E;"#N"K+?!()&Q(=;!/?J>+(!J(/Z,;

01,2,34

•!

U,;6B*$(>(E;P,;6+(%J(K7&*+?%E;7,;
A*N*>*E;:,;5*!#=#E;`,;i#>?=I+(?BE;`,;F#=E;
U,;d#?N?)$*==E;T,;U+&-#))(KW&?=(E;`,;
7(J*!KA*V*++(E;j,;5*+)!!(=;
h!>*I)#!";!J#?=J?;J*?!?!;S(+;>"?;8)*=;W;$#!!#(=;?!/?J#*))Z;#=;>?+$!;(S;J"+($(!/"?+#J;*=O;J(+(=*);$*N=?>($?>+Z;*=O;?.>+*/()*Q(=;•! !"C1$D"/")(5&/$EB)(,$
3"'"%.&*"$

56789:;3101

•!

•!

U,;7*B*(;@J"*#+HE;h,;P?F&J*;@J(KJ"*#+HE;
A,A*+&B*N?E;L,d*>*=*I?E;j,7"#$(-(E;L,Y!"#I*!"#E;F,<()&IE;L,:??V?!E;L,L(++?JBE;
T,5#+>*#=E;T,F?$?=E;P,jJL?=%#?;
h!>*I)#!";!J#?=J?;J*!?!;*=O;#=V?!QN*>?;>?J"=#J*);S?*!#I#)#>Z;S(+;]K+*Z;#$*N#=N;(I!?+V*Q(=!;M#>";/"(>(=KJ(&=Q=N;
!/?J>+(!J(/ZF*>?!>;!>&OZ;!>*>&!;@3H
•! U"?;7()*+K5;$#!!#(=;/+(/(!*);M#));I?;!&I$#n?O;>(;
Y797gT9]9E;M"?=;>"?;96;(S;>"?;=?.>;T9]9;$#!!#(=;
J($?!;(&>;#=;3100,;•! U"?;O+*_;(S;>"?;$#!!#(=;/+(/(!*);M#));I?;/+?/*+?O;
S(+;I(>";8)*=;9;*=O;8)*=;W;IZ;6J>(I?+;3101,;•! \(+;I&#)O#=N;#=>?+=*Q(=*);J())*I(+*Q(=;–! P#*)(N!;M#>";A979;*=O;h79;–! 9;T9]9KA979;T(#=>;d<;M#));I?;S(+$?O;!((=;>(;?V*)&*>?;!J#?=J?;N(*)!;(S;7()*+K5,;;U"?;(&>/&>!;S+($;>"?;Td<;M#));I?;&!?O;S(+;?V*)&*Q(=;*=O;#=J)&!#(=;#=;>"?;A979;`?)#(/"Z!#J!;
P?J*O*);7&+V?Z,;
01,2,34

56789:;3101



U"#!;/+?!?=>*Q(=•! W+#?oZ;O?!J+#I?!;>M(;$#!!#(=;J(=J?/>!,;–! A(;#=>?=>;>(;J($/*+?;>"?;>M(;J(=J?/>!,;;•! \(J&!;(=;$*N=?QJ;+?J(==?JQ(=;!>&O#?!;?./?J>?O;M#>";>"?;8)*=;W;$#!!#(=,;

01,2,34

56789:;3101



()*+&$F$$8&'()$=(7/"5.$G.56-1,$:,.'"$•! 2&#$()"$4(7/"5.$H"'0%$.)"(1"0$-/$1+"$%>/I;@PZ=*$(H;•! Y=>?+=*);o(M!E;I?"*V#(+;(S;/()*+;$*N=?QJ;X?)O!E;*=O;/()*+#>Z;+?V?+!*);*>;/()?!;S+($;(&>K(SK?J)#/QJ;(I!?+V*Q(=!;$*Z;I?;#$/(+>*=>,;;

01,2,34

1980

1990

56789:;3101

2000

Year 

()*+&$:;
AC*'&)(5&/$J)&4$&>1B&JB".'-*5.$&)K-1
U(M*+O;&=O?+!>*=O#=N;>"?;!()*+;OZ=*$(;•! 7&+S*J?g#=>?+=*);o(M;X?)O!;#=;/()*+;+?N#(=!
•! 7?*+J";S(+;!>+(=N;$*N=?QJ;X?)O!;#=;>"?;>*J"(J)#=?;*>;>"?;I*!?;(S;>"?;J(=V?JQ(=;%(=?;;•! 7&+S*J?;$*N=?QJ;*JQV#>Z;#=;/()*+;+?N#(=!;;h./)(+*Q(=;S+($;m*=>*N?;8(#=>;•! YO?=QSZ;>"?;!()*+;M#=O;(+#N#=!;#=;/()*+;J(+(=*);"()?!;•! U(>*);#++*O#*=J?;$?*!&+?$?=>!;S+($;(&>K(SK?J)#/QJ;(+I#>p;U"?;7&=;*!;*;!>*+;•! Y$*N#=N;(S;5jh!;*=O;!()*+;M#=Og5Y:;!"(JB;!>+&J>&+?!;TSI(W m-2)
01,2,34

56789:;3101



()*+&$j(O?);8*Z)(*O!;
U(>*);$*!!;LMN$O7$@>?=>*QV?;*))(J*Q(=;S(+;O?!#N=;*JQV#>ZH;
P*>*;+?J(+O#=N;+*>?a;P$LNN$OK*%$&/$(6")(7"$h*J";"*!;*;!/*J?;"?+#>*N?g*;!)#N">)Z;$(O#X?O;V?+!#(=;#=;>"?;$#!!#(=!;>"*>;"*V?;I??=;*)+?*OZ;o(M=,;•! @-%-K'"B'-7+1$=(7/"5.BH"'0$(/0$9&**'")$-4(7")$–! S&))KO#!B;(I!?+V*Q(=!;–! Y=>?+=*);o(M;!>+&J>&+?!E;$*N,;X?)O!E;J(=V?JQ(=E;,,;#=;/()*+;+?N#(=!;;;•! ]K+*Zghim;>?)?!J(/?;–! 5(+(=*);OZ=*$#J!;#=;/()*+;+?N#(=!E;!Z=?+NZ;M#>";J(+(=*);#$*N?+!E;(I!?+V#=N;>"?;!&=;*+(&=O;>"?;?*+>"E;#=;!>?+?(K!J(/#J;V#?M!;•! him;#$*N#=N;!/?J>+($?>?+;–! \)(MgM*V?;!>+&J>&+?!;#=;/()*+;+?N#(=!;@;/)&$?E;!()*+;M#=O;H;•! U(>*);#++*O#*=J?;$(=#>(+;–! F*Q>&O#=*);O#!>+#I&Q(=;(S;!&+S*J?;#++*O#*=J?;•! 6>"?+!;@6/Q(=!;*>;/+?!?=>H;–! `?)#(!/"?+#J;#$*N?+a;5jh;#$*N#=NE;!()*+;M#=Og5Y:;!"(JB;!>+&J>&+?!;–! l(O#*J*)K)#N">;/"(>($?>?+a;O#!>+#I&Q(=;(S;#=>?+/)*=?>*+Z;O&!>;–! Y=K!#>&;#=!>+&$?=>!;@$*N=?>($?>?+E;O&!>;J(&=>?+E;;q,E;?>J,H;

01,2,34

56789:;3101



()*+&$:;U*+N?>;\#=*);6+I#>;

8()*+;V#?M;S+($;>"?;(&>K(SK?J)#/QJ;(+I#>;

76F9:K5;
i Q$RN$0"7$

h*+>";

7&=;

i Q$MN$0"7$•!;U"?;X=*);(+I#>t!;#=J)#=*Q(=;#!;rR1;O?N;S+($;>"?;?^&*>(+#*);/)*=?

•!;U"?;X=*);(+I#>;#!;*>;r0;9iE;(+I#>*);/?+#(O;(S;0;Z+E;!Z=J"+(=#%?O;M#>";h*+>";
01,2,34•!;5+&#!?;/?+#(O;;rs;Z?*+!; 56789:;3101



6+I#>;*=O;7/*J?J+*_;O?!#N=;#!;>"?;$(!>;J+#QJ*);*+?*;;
UM(;J*=O#O*>?!;>(;#=!>*));>"?;!/*J?J+*_;#=>(;>"?;X=*);(+I#>;•!;=&#54&#59.)057/9)>/9.)/%(5&#1/%$)9.&)/%(+/%#'0%)76)?0%)&%$/%&)#%,)&#59.)1>/%$476)•!;W*))#!QJ;(+I#>;M#>";T&/#>?+;!M#=NKIZ;*=O;?*+>";!M#=NKIZ;
`?+#>*N?a;8)*=;9;#!;*;N((O;/)*=;#=;>?+$!;(S;!J#?=QXJ;*=O;(+I#>*);J(=!#O?+*Q(=!,;

Y(=;h=N#=?;
S&/$A/7-/"$µµLN$

Y!!&?!a;;•!;;9!!?!!$?=>;(=;>"?;+?)#*I#)#>Z;(S;>"?;I#NN?+;#(=;?=N#=?!;•!;;:?)*Q(=!"#/;>(;>"?;7()*+;6+I#>?+;
T-77")$-&/$"/7-/"$*=O;7()*+;8+(I?;8)&!p;A??O;*;+?*);µUN$>/0")$0"6"'&*4"/1$!>(+Z;S(+;!Z=?+NZ;
9!>?+(#O;uY>(B*M*t;•!;;P($?!QJ;J(=Q=&*Q(=;(S;!J#?=J?

`9k9Wi79;

01,2,34

56789:;3101

Y(=;?=N#=?;C;h*+>";!M#=NKIZ;
d#=O(M;S(+;(I!?+V*Q(=!;

3;
P#!>*=J?;@9iH;
7&=K7g5;

U#$#=N;(S;h*+>";!M#=NKIZ;

J+&#!?;IZ;#(=;?=N#=?!;

0;

h*+>"K7g5;
1;
Rs;
41;
9=N)?;S+($;0s;7()*+;;
1;h^&*>(+#*);
K0s;8)*=?;@O?NH;
K41;
KRs;
0111;
U?)?$?>+Z;
011;:*>?;@BI/!H;
01;
3R"+gO*Z;)#=B;*!!&$?O;
0;01,2,34

B$<"#$&..(%-&/%$$$$J&)$*&-/5/7$1&$1+"$8>/$
B$V&-/5/7$0-%1>)K(/."$'"6"'$3T9$3102;

3133; 3134;

313R;

313s;

313v;

56789:;3101
8+#(+#>Z;#=;>"#!;J*!?a;+?*J";$*.;#=J)#=*Q(=;*!;!((=;*!;/(!!#I)?;



310D;

310G;

3131;

3130;

()*+&-F$$8*".1)&%.&*-.$W$V&'()-4"1)-.$
XK%")6(5&/%$w! "/11/0%)
x! @:#%'9#'8&+6)/%8&1'$#9&)<:%,#2&%9#+);.61/(#+);50(&11&1)/%)
8#5/&96)0<)10+#5);+#12#A)50+&1)0<)2#$%&'()5&(0%%&('0%)#%,)"BC)>#8&1)
x! B0>)#5&)<:%,#2&%9#+);50(&11&1)+/%D&,)90)+#5$&41(#+&)
195:(9:5&1-),6%#2/(1-)#%,).&#'%$E)

w! A?M;(I!?+V*Q(=*);>(()!;M#>";!"#$%&',,
x! ;13<,5<*95+9,/3,=>04/13=43>?:,!59+574*+/)?,0+@*+40,=>04/13=43>54,A,>3)*15<0/154,4*>*B5)520=,/3,CD,*+E,+0*1&.%;;;
x! F59@,2<0,10=3)G23+H,@59@,/@13G9@>G/,=>04/13<0/01,
x! !0*<)0==,3B=01I*23+=,J13<,>@3/3=>@010,/3,4313+*)
U"?!?;/(M?+S&);O#*N=(!QJ;J*/*I#)#Q?!;J*=;N#V?;=?M;!J#?=QXJ;
N*#=!;(+;O#!J(V?+Z;!/*J?,;;
01,2,34

56789:;3101;

Plan B: model payloads (1)•! CD&D5=5B)0&K0*1,.%,/0)0=43>0

–! U"?;*/?+>&+?;!#%?;&=O?+;!>&OZ;#!;0,s;$?>?+;#=;O#*$?>?+E;M"#J";
J*=;*JJ&$&)*>?;(=?;(+O?+;(S;$*N=#>&O?;)*+N?+;=&$I?+;(S;/"(>(=!;#=;*=;?./(!&+?;Q$?;>"*=;`#=(O?;76U,;;–! 7/?J>+(K/()*+#$?>+#J;*=O;#$*N#=N;$?*!&+?$?=>!;(S;Our heritage: Completion of 50cm!
$*N=?QJ;X?)O;*=O;OZ=*$#J!; diffraction-limited telescope for HinodeM#>";J"+($(!/"?+#J;!/?J>+*);
SOT @ NAOJ, Japan)#=?!;•! `?;01D4=$;*=O;5*;YY;Y:@DsR=$H;M#>";l??$*=;C;`*=)?;?y?J>;!?=!#QV#>Z;•! jN;YY;Bg";@3D1=$H;$(!>;!&#>*I)?;S(+;OZ=*$#J!,;;–! m*+#?>Z;(S;!/?J>+*);)#=?!;*V*#)*I)?;S(+;O#*N=(!#=N;>"?;
M#O?;+*=N?;(S;>"?;)(M?+;*>$(!/"?+?;S+($;/"(>(!/"?+?;>(;
J"+($(!/"?+?,;
01,2,34
56789:;3101;

0v;



Plan B: model payloads (2)•! CDLMCD,@59@&/@13G9@>G/,=>04/13<0/01
–! `#N";>"+(&N"/&>;>(;#=J+?*!?;"#N";>?$/(+*);J*O?=J?;–! `#N";!/*Q*);+?!()&Q(=;I?n?+;>"*=;1,sf;–! U"?;?=Q+?;J(V?+*N?;(S;/)*!$*;>?$/?+*>&+?;S+($;>"?;
J"+($(!/"?+?E;>+*=!#Q(=;+?N#(=;>(;>"?;J(+(=*;*=O;o*+?,;;•! N&1*?,5<*95+9,O=>04/13=43>54P,/0)0=43>0,Primary Mirror;
30~40cm;

Focal Plane
Detectors(Solar-blind
intensified APS
or CCD);–! Y$*N#=N;?$#!!#(=!;S+($;c0jL;
J(+(=*);/)*!$*;–! 6/Q(=;0H;8"(>(=;J(&=Q=NE;#,?,E;!/?J>+(!J(/#J;J*/*I#)#>Z;S(+;
N+*%#=N;#=J#O?=J?;>?)?!J(/?;M#>";
1,s;*+J!?J;–! 6/Q(=;3H;i)>+*K"#N";!/*Q*);+?!()&Q(=;@1,0*+J!?JH;S(+;=(+$*);#=J#O?=J?;>?)?!J(/?;

01,2,34

7>+*M$*=;!/?J>+($?>?+

56789:;3101;

solarradiation;
Entrance
Slit;

Grating(TVLS);

8"(>(=KJ(&=Q=N;]K+*Z;>?)?!J(/?

02;

 

()*+,-:$%.-"/."$7&('%$(/0$-%%>"%
0,! h=?+NZ;*=O;$*!!;o(M!;>"+(&N";>"?;J"+($(!/"?+?;S+($;>"?;/"(>(!/"?+?;#=>(;>"?;J(+(=*,;
3,! j*N=?QJ;O#!!#/*Q(=;#=;*!>+(/"Z!#J*);/)*!$*!p;$*N=?QJ;+?J(==?JQ(=;*=O;/*+QJ)?;*JJ?)?+*Q(=;4,! 6+#N#=!;*=O;+()?!;(S;j`P;M*V?!;R,! h)?$?=>*+Z;!>+&J>&+?!;(S;>"?;$*N=?QJ;*>$(!/"?+?p;"(M;>"?Z;*+?;J+?*>?O;*=O;?V()V?,;;>"?Z;*+?;J+?*>?O;*=O;?V()V?O,;;s,! `(M;!$*))K!J*)?;/"Z!#J*);/+(J?!!?!;#=#Q*>?;)*+N?;!J*)?;
OZ=*$#J;/"?=($?=*;J+?*Q=N;!/*J?;M?*>"?+;;

8)*=;W;#!;*;&=#^&?;$#!!#(=;*#$#=N;;j`PK!J*)?;/"Z!#J!;#=;!()*+;/)*!$*;;;;;Y!!&?!a;;•!;;9//?*)#=N;!J#?=J?;N(*)!;z;•!;;U?)?!J(/?!;>((;?./?=!#V?z;;
01,2,34

56789:;3101 

=(7/"5.$Y".&//".5&/$(%$($O",$*)&."%%$$-/$%&'()$0,/(4-.('$/(1>)"PZ=*$#J!;#=;5*YY`;*=O;]K+*Z
•! U"?;!()*+;*>$(!/"?+?;#!;S&));(S;OZ=*$#J*);=*>&+?,;•! {&*=Q>*QV?;(I!?+V*Q(=!;>(;&=O?+!>*=O;?)?$?=>*+Z;!>+&J>&+?!;(S;>"?;$*N=?QJ;*>$(!/"?+?p;"(M;*+?;>"?Z;J+?*>?O;*=O;?V()V?z;•! `(M;!$*))K!J*)?;/"Z!#J*);/+(J?!!?!;#=#Q*>?;)*+N?;!J*)?;OZ=*$#J;/"?=($?=*;
J+?*Q=N;!/*J?;M?*>"?+,;;

F:G+0>1)#5&)<0:%,)#9)#('8&)5&$/0%)&,$&)#1)#);011/7+&)10:5(&)0<)1+0>)
10+#5)>/%,)HI#D#0)&9)#+J)KLLMNJ))F:G+0>1)/,&%'*&,)/%)#)B?=FCO)OPQ))
1;&(9501(0;/()071&58#'0%)H&J$J-)R#D&5)&9)#+J)KLLSNJ)T),5/8/%$)01,2,34
2&(.#%/12)/1)1'++)#%)0;&%)U:&1'0%J)V&(0%%&('0%EE)) 56789:;3101

 ]K+*Za;311D;9/+#);G;|5*+>M"??);5jh|;\)*+?

8&'()$(14&%*+")"$(%$($*'(%4($'(K&)(1&),$J&)$4(7/"5.$)".&//".5&/
`#N";;@/"(>(!/"?+?H ;)(M;;@J(+(=*H;
8*+Q*))Z;#(=#%?O; ;\&))Z;#(=#%?O;
5())#!#(=*); ;5())#!#(=)?!!

}\&))Z;#(=#%?O
~8*+Q*))Z;#(=#%?O

8XZGYB:
`YA6Ph

01,2,34

56789:;3101

n" = 13D

=(7/"5.$)".&//".5&/$$-/$#"(O',$-&/-["0$*'(%4($\.+)&4&%*+")"]
•! Y!;$*N=?QJ;+?J(==?JQ(=;#=;J"+($(!/"?+?;+?*))Z;S*!>z;–! hV*)&*>?;>"?;+?J(==?JQ(=;+*>?;*=O;J($/*+?;M#>";7/#>%?+;+?!#!QV#>ZE;;M#>";$?*!&+?$?=>!;(S;/"Z!#J*);/*+*$?>?+!;@O?=!#>ZE;$*N=?QJ;X?)OE;!/??OH;IZ;>"?;imKV#!#I)?KAY:;>?)?!J(/?,;•! Y(=K=?&>+*);J())#!#(=;J*&!?!;*$I#/()*+;O#y&!#(=,;9;J&++?=>;!"??>;J*=;I?;>"#==?+;O&?;>(;>"?;*$I#/()*+;O#y&!#(=;?y?J>;@Y!(I?C3101H,;–! :?)*>?;>"?;+?J(==?JQ(=;)(J*Q(=!;M#>";>"?;/)*!$*;J(=O#Q(=;M"?+?;*$I#/()*+;O#y&!#(=;J*=;?y?JQV?)Z;M(+B,;•! `(M;$&J";?=?+NZ;J*=;I?;J(=V?+>?O;#=;M?*B)Z;#(=#%?O;/)*!$*z;`#=(O?g76U;;5*;YY;`

01,2,34

56789:;3101

W&)D%0>)9.#9)5#;/,)+/7&5#'0%)0<)2#$%&'()&%&5$6).#;;&%1)&8&%)/%)9.&)(0++/1/0%#+)#%,);#5'#+)/0%/X&,);+#12#J)"&#1:5&2&%91)0<);.61/(#+);#5#2&9&51)#50:%,)#)5&(0%%&('0%)1/9&)2#6);508/,&):1)#)75&#D9.50:$.J)

=(7/"5.$)".&//".5&/$$-/$.&''-%-&/'"%%$*'(%4($\.&)&/($W$3Y]
•! 8((+;B=(M)?ON?;(=;/)*!$*;J(=O#Q(=!;#=;+?J(==?JQ(=;+?N#(=;I?J*&!?;(S;#>!;
S*#=>=?!!,;;•! d"*>;J(=>+()!;>"?;?=?+NZ;/(/&)*Q(=E;#,?E;>"?;+*Q(;(S;J(=V?+!#(=;S+($;$*N=?QJ;?=?+NZ;>(;B#=?QJE;>"?+$*)E;=(=K>"?+$*);?=?+NZE;(+;M*V?g>&+I&)?=J?z;;•! d"Z;=(=K>"?+$*);?=?+NZE;#,?,E;/*+QJ)?;*JJ?)?+*Q(=E;#!;O#y?+?=>;#=;?*J";?V?=>z;

01,2,34

56789:;3101



=(7/"5.$)".&//".5&/$$-/$.&''-%-&/'"%%$*'(%4($\.&)&/($W$3Y]
•! A(=K#(=#%*Q(=;?^&#))#I+#&$;*=O;=(=K>"?+$*);?^&#))#I+#&$$–! him;)#=?;!/?J>+(!J(/Z;M#>";O#y?+?=>;#(=#%*Q(=;!>*>?!;
J*=;O#*N=(!?;J(=O#Q(=!;(S;>"?;/)*!$*;-&!>;*_?+;+*/#O;"?*Q=N;#=;+?J(==?JQ(=;+?N#(=,;•! 7/*Q*);O#!>+#I&Q(=;(S;>"?+$*);*=O;=(=K>"?+$*);!(&+J?!;–! 8"(>(=KJ(&=Q=N;N+*%#=NK#=J#O?=J?;]K+*Z;>?)?!J(/?;@A<]UH;;
7#$&)*>?O;\)*+?;!/?J>+&$;M#>";I*!?)#=?;A<]U;9;J*)J&)*Q(=;(S;=(=K#(=#%*Q(=;?^&#)#I+#&$;*>;>"?;O(M=;!>+?*$;(S;$*N=?QJ;+?J(==?JQ(=;+?N#(=,;U"?;>(/;

O2/11/0%)+/%&1);508/,&)./$.4Y)/0%)9.&52#+))/%<052#'0%)>./+&)9.&)(0%'%::2);508/,&1)709.)&+&(950%)%0%49.&52#+)#%,))9.&52#+)/%<052#'0%J)
01,2,34

/*=?);!"(M!;>"?;!J"?$*QJ;/#J>&+?;(S;>"?;+?J(==?JQ(=;+?N#(=,;U"?;#(=#%*Q(=;+*>?;#=;>"?;
J?=>?+;(S;>"?;+?J(==?JQ(=;+?N#(=;*!;*;S&=JQ(=;(S;O#!>*=J?;S+($;*=;]K>Z/?;=?&>+*);)#=?;@O*!"?O;)#=?;#=;>"?;>(/H;#!;/)(n?O;S+($;\?C00;>(;\?C3R,;U"?;S())(M#=N;/*+*$?>?+!;*+?;&!?O;#=;>"#!;J*)J&)*Q(=a;$*N=?QJ;X?)O;03;N*&!!E;?)?J>(=;O?=!#>Z;R,3.01DJ$K4E;>?$/?+*>&+?;0jLE;*=O;/)*!$*;;1,10;*>;>"?;&/!>+?*$;!#O?;(S;>"?;!)(MK$(O?;!"(JB;*=O;>?$/?+*>&+?;R1jL;*>;>"?;O(M=!>+?*$p;>"?;!"(JB;*=N)?;*>;>"?;&/!>+?*$;*=O;O(M=!>+?*$;#!;Ds;O?N;56789:;3101
*=O;3,4;O?NE;+?!/?JQV?)Z,;;;@Y$*O*;?>;*),;311GH%3)0=,3J,@5EE0+,<*9+02=<,*+E,1043++0423+,
90+01*/0E,Q*I0=
•! iI#^&#>(&!;!$*))K!J*)?;"(+#%(=>*);X?)O!;*=O;>"?#+;>?$/(+*);OZ=*$#J*);?V()&Q(=;S(&=O;IZ;76U;@F#>?!;?>,;*),;3112E;Y!"#B*M*;?>;*),;311DH;•! i=O?+!>*=O;>"?;=*>&+?;(S;./,,&%)2#$%&'12)#%,)/91)50+&1)/%)$&%&5#'0%)0<)>#8&1J)•! U"?;"?*Q=N;*=O;OZ=*$#J!;(S;>"?;&//?+;*>$(!/"?+?;*=O;>"?;!()*+;
M#=O;*JJ?)?+*Q(=,k?))(Ma;O#!>+#I&Q(=;(S;"(+#%(=>*);X?)O!

Y!(I?;?>;*),;@311DH
M*V?;

01,2,34

56789:;3101;

Y!"#B*M*;?>;*),;@311DH



7&$$*+Z;•! UM(;$#!!#(=;J(=J?/>!;"*V?;I??=;!>&O#?O;S(+;76F9:K5,;•! W(>";>M(;$#!!#(=;J(=J?/>!;J"*))?=N?;>(;#$/(+>*=>;!J#?=QXJ;^&?!Q(=!;(S;>"?;7&=,;;–! 8)*=;9;x;>"?;!()*+;$*N=?QJ;*JQV#>Z;JZJ)?,;–! 8)*=;W;x;>"?;$*N=?QJ;X?)O;O#!!#/*Q(=;/+(J?!!?!;*=O;?=?+NZ;>+*=!S?+;#=;>"?;!()*+;/)*!$*,;–! U"?;I(>";*+?;#$/(+>*=>;S(+;!()*+;/"Z!#J!;*=O;+?)*>?O;X?)O!,;•! U"?;T9]9;76F9:K5;d<;#!;=(M;/+?/*+#=N;*;O+*_;(S;>"?;$#!!#(=;/+(/(!*),;–! U"?;O+*_;#!;/+?/*+?O;S(+;>"?;I(>";$#!!#(=;J(=J?/>!,;–! 6=?;(S;>"?;$#!!#(=;M#));I?;!&I$#n?O;>(;T9]9;#=;3100E;*_?+;+?V#?M#=N;>"?$;#=;>"?;J($$&=#>Z,;

01,2,34

56789:;3101;

