speculative design/ design fiction

慶應義塾大学環境情報学部准教授 水野大二郎
Keio University SFC Dr. Daijiro Mizuno (PhD RCA)

self-introductionself-introduction

・born in Tokyo・left Tokyo to study fashion design in London
・studied architecture, fashion design and marketing
・studied fashion design in womenswear at RCA, MA/PhD
・returned to Japan to work as freelance・moved to Kamakura to work at Keio University X-design
・temporarily worked for Kyoto University design school・continue working as freelance on multiple projects

self-introduction

what is(what is not)speculative design?

日本学術会議：21世紀における人工物設計・生産のためのデザインビジョン提言【提言１】ポスト工業化社会では，デザイン概念の質的転換を図るべきである．そこでは，いかにつくるかということと共に，何をつくるかが問われる【提言２】優れた人工物は，つくること（設計・生産）と使うこと（生活）が密接に関連づけられた持続的なプロセスから生み出される．21 世紀のデザインプロセスは，つくることから育てることへと大きく拡張していく必要がある【提言３】21 世紀のデザインは，個々の人工物にとどまらず，人工物や自然物の集合を含む環境・ 社会システムを生成し，生活の質を向上させていく役割を果たすべきである．そこでは，デザイ ンの対象はハードな事物からソフトなサービスを含む環境・社会システムへと大きく拡大していく【提言４】今日のデザイン問題は，非常に複雑で，曖昧かつ不安定なものである．問題解決に向けて，多種多様な主体のコラボレーションによるデザインを積極的に推進していく必要がある【提言５】21 世紀のデザインビジョンを実践するためには，明示化されていない要求を含む複雑な条件を扱うことができる高度なデザイン支援システムを積極的に開発し，活用していく必要が ある【提言６】最終的にデザインの質を評価するのはユーザーであり，今後のデザインは，設計者・ 生産者だけでなく，ユーザーも含めて考える必要がある．そのためには，デザイン教育やデザイン倫理の普及，適切なデザイン情報の発信などを積極的に推進する必要がある【提言７】デザイン行為の本質を探求する設計工学は，21 世紀の科学が求める総合化の方法を解明する学術研究のフロンティアであり，その研究体制の整備を積極的に推進すべきである．

Design as Wicked Problem
Horst Rittel and Melvin Webber (1973), Policy Sciences 4, 155-169
http://www.ask-force.org/web/Discourse/Rittel-Dilemmas-General-Theory-Planning-1973.pdf

1. There is no definitive formulation of a wicked problem
2. Wicked problems have no stopping rule
3. Solutions to wicked problems are not true-or-false, but good-or-bad
4. There is no immediate and no ultimate test of a solution to a wicked problem
5. Every solution to a wicked problem is a 'one-shot operation'; because there is no opportunity
to learn by trial-and-error, every attempt counts significantly
6. Wicked problems do not have an enumerable (or an exhaustively describable) set of potential
solutions, nor is there a well-described set of permissible operations that may be incorporated
into the plan
7. Every wicked problem is essentially unique
8. Every wicked problem can be considered to be a symptom of another problem9. The existence of a discrepancy representing a wicked problem can be explained in numerous
ways. The choice of explanation determines the nature of the problem’s resolution
10. The planner has no right to be wrong

Design as Wicked Problem

Rittel was morally objectionable toturn wicked problems into “tame”
ones:
instead, he called a need for aparticipatory and argumentative
design process.

Christopher Frayling: Research in Art and Design
In RCA research paper Vol.1, No.1 (1993), pp.1-5

Research into Design
Research through Design
Research for DesignKoskinen: Four Cultures of Analysis in Design Researchhttps://books.google.co.jp/
books?id=_oTZBAAAQBAJ&lpg=PT275&ots=9tdWd45ZR_&dq=four%20cultures%20o
f%20analysis%20koskinen&hl=ja&pg=PT275#v=onepage&q=four%20cultures%20of%
20analysis%20koskinen&f=false

・Designers as Statisticians・Design and Qualitative SocialScience
・Design Researchers as Scholars inHumanities
・Art&Design as Analysis: Learning
fromContemporary Art

William Gaver: What should we expect from RtD?
In CHI 2012 proceeding, pp.937-946

What is Speculative Design?
Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby, Speculative Everything

When people think of design, mostbelieve it is about Problem Solving:
however, there are other possibilities
for design: one is to use design as ameans of speculating how things
could be - speculative design.
It opens up all sorts of possibilities thatcan be discussed, debated, and used
to collectively define a preferable
futurefor a given group of people: fromcompanies, to cities, to societies.

Design for Problem Solving

Design for DebateAffirmative Design / Critical (Speculative) Design
Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby, Speculative Everything

PPPP
Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby, Speculative EverythingDunne and Raby: Design and Science
Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby, Speculative Everything

Design for Science：
科学研究をわかりやすく説明するためのデザイン

Design with Science：
デザイナーと科学者のコラボレーション

Design through Science：
デザイナーが多少たりとも科学を実践する

Design about Science：
科学が及ぼす影響をデザインを通じて考察する

Krebs Cycle of Creativity
Neri Oxman, MIT media lab : http://jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/AgeOfEntanglementsome further references

Journals/Conference ProceedingsInteractions, Digital Creativity, Human-Computer Studies, CHI, DRS

Articles/Papers on Design Fiction and Speculative Design
Julian Bleecker, Design Fiction
http://drbfw5wfjlxon.cloudfront.net/writing/DesignFiction_WebEdition.pdf

Bruce Sterling, Design Fiction
http://shelovestofu.com/blog_uploads/2009/04/sterling-design-fiction.pdf

Joseph Lindley, Design Fiction
http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/lica/about-us/people/joseph-lindley
http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2783592

Simon Grand and Martin Wiedmer, Design Fiction
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3b0e/1c0d308ecc8abbac5f2d4035297e7fc4b39c.pdf

James Auger, Speculative Design
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14626268.2013.767276

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_fiction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_design

Thank You

慶應義塾大学環境情報学部准教授 水野大二郎
Keio University SFC Dr. Daijiro Mizuno (PhD RCA)

daijirom@sfc.keio.ac.jp
www.daijirom.com