A study of factor analysis related to the consideration of judo:
In the case of Taiwanese youth judo players
YOKOYAMA Takayuki1, MURAMOTO Tatsuhiro2, ISHIKAWA Yoshihisa3, KUBOTA Hiroshi4, ONO Takashi5,
SATO Takeru 6, MIYAKE Keisuke7, OKADA Ryuji8
1 Sports Development Center, Setsunan University
Sport sciences

2 Health and Sports Sciences, Osaka University of Health and3 Faculty of Education, Osaka Kyoiku University

4 Educational Specialist Course, Tokyo Gakugei

University

5 Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba

University

7 School of Health Sports Sciences, Chukyo University

6 Faculty of Education, Kogakkan

8 Faculty of Business Administration, KindaiUniversityPURPOSE
Judo originated by Master Jigoro Kano in 1882 and has spread and developed internationally, including both martial
arts and sports aspects. It is said that when cultural phenomena are spread internationally that they will develop aunique consciousness of their own . Mr Murata stated that "We need to clarify the facts of internationalization, therealities of the society that it brings in, the way people think about things, and the value judgment that the resulting
change is what we are seeking there is enough” (Nakamura, 2008). A factor analysis study for Judo has therefore
been conducted both in Japan and in Western countries however consciousness research for Asian countries has notbeen conducted. As we deepen our understanding of the internal conditions of judo internationalization, it is essential
to look to Asia to which Japan belongs and to advance the consciousness research of Asian judo players. Therefore, inthis research, we have selected Taiwan to be the subject for consciousness research in Asia and aimed to clarify how
judo is developed in the consciousness of young Taiwanese judo players.
METHODS1. About the questionnaire: The questionnaire is based on 45 questions from the “Research Questionnaire relating toAwareness of Judo” authored by Funakoshi after removing 5 Japan related questions (Funakoshi et al., 1989).
2. Research Target Group: This research is targeted 174 people at the high school Judo players that attended the joint
training session with Central Police University, National College of Physical Education, Taipei Physical Education
College, in Taiwan.
3. Period of research: 24th ~ 29th February 2016
4. Analysis methods: 1) Factor analysis: Factors were first extracted from the principal factor method using factor
analysis by Varimax rotation. 2) Comparison of consciousness level: Age differences (Under 17 ages and over 18ages), the difference of years of experience in Judo (Under 5 years, over 5 years to under 10 years and over 10 years)
RESULT
1. Result of the factor analysis: As a result of the factor

Table1. Result of the factor analysis

analysis, it was found that under the eigenvalue of
17.68 and the cumulative contribution rate of 39.29%,
the first Discipline factor, the second Peace factor, thethird Affirmation factor, the fourth Spirit andTechnique factor, the fifth Victory factor, and the sixth
Earnest factor. (Table 1)

1

Factor
Discipline

23
4
5

Peace
Affirmation
Spirit and Technique
Victory

6Earnest
Total

Eigenvalue
4.85

Contribution rate (%)
10.78

3.71
3.17
2.29
2.21

8.23
7.04
5.09
4.90

1.46

3.24

17.68

39.29

2. Comparison of consciousness level (Age differences): The results of analysis of variance indicated significant age
differences in four of the six factors; Peace, Affirmation, Victory and Earnest factors. In addition, the older people
show more respect to a partner and how to participate in Judo from the aspect of martial art than that in the younger
people. (Table 2)
Table2. Result of t test ( Age differences )FactorUnder 17 ages (n=77)

Over 18 ages (n=97)

t scoreSignificant probability

M
0.10

SD
0.91

M
-0.08

SD
0.90

3 Affirmation

-0.15
-0.13

0.97
0.81

-0.15
0.10

0.80
0.89

2.045
1.789

0.075

†

4 Spirit and Technique

0.08

0.92

-0.06

0.78

1.047

0.297

n.s.

5 Victory

-0.17

0.85

0.14

0.85

2.384

0.018

*6 Earnest
n.s. : non significant

-0.22

0.85

0.180.74

3.3150.001**

1 Discipline
2 Peace** : p < 0.01

* : p < 0.05

1.297

0.1960.042

n.s.
*† : p < 0.10

3. Comparison of consciousness level (the difference of years of experience in Judo): The significant difference byyears of experience in Judo occurred in Affirmation, Victory and Earnest factors. The combination of the factors
indicated that longer experience in Judo allows a player to have better understand in Judo from both aspects ofcompetition sports and martial art. The players who are older than 18 years old with longer years of experience inJudo have more affirmative feeling to Judo, seek winning in completion more seriously, and have a stronger desire
for peace than the other combinations.

CONCLUSION
1. A total of six factors, Forging, Peace, Affirmation, Spirit and Technique, Victory, and earnest, explained the trends
in conscious structure of Taiwanese youth Judo player.
2. Age difference influences on Peace, Affirmation, Victory, and Earnest factor. In particular, older players withcompetitive consciousness show stronger attitude to respect other people and how to face with judo from the martial
arts aspect. Difference in experience of Judo showed strong influence on Affirmation, Victory, Earnest factors,. Theplayers with longer experience often capture judo from both the competition and martial arts point of view. Players
who are over 18 years old with longer years of experience in judo tend to have a positive feeling toward judo,
serious seeking in victory, and strong motivation to seek peace.
REFERENCES
Funakoshi M, Takahashi K, Fujii S, Suganami M, Matsumoto H: Judo ni kansuru ishiki no inshi bunseki teki kenkyu,
Res J Budo, 22 (2), 191, 1989.
Nakamura T.: Nakamura Toshio chosakushu (Murata Naoki hen). Sobun kikaku, 285-286, 2008.