Three Ways to Pronounce 'ed'Lets' Learn!
The past tense and past participle of all regular verbs end in -ed. For example:• work, worked, worked
In addition, many adjectives are made from the past participle and so end in -ed. For example:• I like painted rooms.
But how do we pronounce the -ed? The answer is in 3 ways: /ɪd/, /t/ or /d/If the base verb ends inone of these sounds

example base verb example with -ed

pronounce the -ed as/t/

wantwanted/ɪd//d/

end

ended/p/hope

hoped/f/laughlaughed/s/

fax

faxed

/ʃ/

wash

washed/ʧ/watchwatched/k/likeliked

all othersounds, eg

playplayedallow

allowedunvoicedvoiced/t//d/beg
begged*Note that it is the sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. For example, fax ends in theletter x but the sound is /s/; like ends in the letter e but the sound is /k/.
Exceptions
The following -ed words used as adjectives are pronounced with /ɪd/.
• aged• dogged• ragged• blessed• learned• wicked• crooked• naked• wretched

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Three Ways to Pronounce 'ed'
So we say:• an aged man /ɪd/• a blessed nuisance /ɪd/
• a dogged persistence /ɪd/
• a learned professor -the professor, who was truly learned /ɪd/
• a wretched beggar – the beggar was wretched /ɪd/
But when used as real verbs (past simple and past participle), the normal rules apply and we say:• he aged quickly /d/• he blessed me /t/• they dogged him /d/• he has learned well /d/ or /t/

Let's Try!
Activity A.
Listen closely as your teacher reads the following words, and sort them into the correct columns.
acted
asked
baked
calledcared
cried
crowdedended
filledfloatedfoldedmeltedmissedneededplacedplannedplayedrestedruled
seemedshippedspelledstampedstoppedwaggedwaitedwantedwatchedwishedwrapped/d/_________called______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________/t//ɪd/_______asked____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________acted__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Three Ways to Pronounce 'ed'
Activity B.
Fill in the blanks with the simple past of the following regular verbs. Then write the correct
pronunciation of -ed in the brackets. /d/ /t/ /ɪd/ex. I ___________ rest after playing soccer. need / /I needed rest after playing soccer. need /ɪd/
1. The children ______________ on the trampoline. jump / /2. He _____________ the glass with water. fill / /3. Grandma _____________ his mitten. mend / /4. The funny clown _____________ his hands. clapped / /5. Nixon ______________ for his friends. waited / /6. The firemen _______________ the puppies. saved / /7. We ________________ that the team would win. hope / /8. The campers _______________ back to the tent. head / /9. The old engine ________________ along. chug / /10. He ________________ his head down. duck / /Copyright©2021 English Bell All Rights Reserved.