Q&A(Q1: Mr. Sakai, Oriental Consultants1) I have two questions to Mr. Patrick Kondjo. You said thisis the South-South cooperation and you used the Brazilian PRODES2 methodology. My firstquestion is; is this technical cooperation from Brazilian government?

Second, you said you usedmostly free data and I imagine it as a satellite image. What is the source of such free data?

I justwant to know the details like resolution levels of such data.

(Q2: Mr. Celine, University of Tokyo) I have three questions for DRC.

First, how do you validate

the Congo workshop system? Second, how do you manage with cloud cover data? Third, what isthe definition of self-sustainable system?

Does this mean it is automatically updated by the systemor you have to use five persons to classify every time that you obtain the data?

(Kondjo)

For the first question concerning the South-South cooperation, this is based on thetechnical skills with Brazil. Also both governments, Brazilian government and the Congolese
government, have an agreement for doing this project together. There are different types of images,Landsat, ASTER3, and Spot, that are the type of images which is used. Gabon is also interested touse the satellite images. They will certainly, by the end of this year, have an agreement to use thesame type of system, but nothing has been implemented yet between both governments.
For the second question on validation of the system, there is one administrator and four techniciansworking on the system right now. Depending on the comments which will be made on the internet,
like we saw on the questionnaire, and also they have consultants working with them, then they will
implement the system. But, the system will be implemented by those specialists. They will take
into account different comments and from the people on the internet and also from the specialists, toimplement and improve the system.
Concerning the clouds, there is a margin of error, but this system is coupled also with the fieldwork
and they go on the field and check also whether the data they have through the satellite is correct ornot. That is the way they are going to do, so this is a coupled work between the fieldwork and thesatellites.
The FAO actually is the main fund provider for the system. But also, the purpose of the DRC is tobring funds, to bring money to this system. What they want is to make sure that this money will1

http://www.oriconsul.com/

2

A program by the Brazilian federal government to finance wastewater treatment plants while providing
financial incentives to properly operate and maintain the plants.

3

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer: http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/

finance this system in the long run. That is the reason why this is a self-sustainable system is to usepart of the money that they will get in the future to finance the system.

(Q3: Mr. Landers, United Nations University)

What I found interesting was a lot of you talked

about opportunity costs, particularly in the case of Mozambique. I just wondered how you went
about measuring this opportunity cost particularly at the community level, not just for large-scale
products like timber, but subsistence agriculture or agro-forestry.

(Macuacua) First of all, I would like to say that in the country, the legal instrument that is working
at this moment is the forest law. According to the forest law, the community used to get benefits
from the revenue tax that is being paid for the exploitation of the natural resource. If we come backto the REDD+ issue, at this moment, still a draft of the RPP. In the draft of RPP, there is an
inclusion of administration and accounting benefits for that. Here also, it is considered the costbenefits and the risks and so on of the community.
Since this work is still draft and a hard work has being done including the stakeholder, so I think thefinal version will come up with the conclusions what kind of benefits that the community will have.
But we do not have any legal instrument that okay it can conduct us in order to see what benefits thecommunity can use. But in the field, there are some experiences for those voluntary programs thatthey are running in the country for carbon stock.

For example, in some communities, they are

doing small activities including agro-forestry and they do share some benefits from that. As agovernment, we do not have yet clear benefits for the community that it would be generated from theREDD+ activities. But I think after the submission of the RPP, so we will come up with the finalconclusion about that.
（Q5：三菱商事小森氏）

パラグアイでは、森林減少の原因の一つとして牛肉生産があるとのことだったが、それは過放牧が原因ということか。牛肉生産により、畜産農家をはじめ、国民全体は豊かになっていったのか、それとも過放牧などによりむしろ貧しくなってしまったのか。もし牛肉生産が森林減少を招いているなら、産業構造自体、畜産の経営スタイルを変えるといった政策課題を国としては持っているのだろうか。

(Perez) The deforestation in Paraguay has two main causes. The first one is the expansion ofagriculture frontier mainly for soybean production from Brazilians that come to farm in Paraguay.
The second major cause is the expansion, land conversion of forest of the western region ofParaguay which has very little population for cattle ranching, also heavily motivated by foreign
landowners. We have more cattle than people in Paraguay. Paraguay beef is well recognized forits quality, it reached good price in the market, so it is a competitive activity.

I invite my colleague, the Chief of the Legal Department of National Forest Institute of Paraguay, Dr.
Daniel Gonzalez to explain the legal part of it.

(Gonzalez)

In Paraguay, we have two different regions.

In the eastern region, we have 96% or 97% of

the population and the area is already heavily deforested mainly because of charcoal making and fuel.
Therefore, there is a law of zero deforestation and land use change is forbidden.

On the other hand, inthe western region called Chaco, the land use change is still allowed, so there is a migration of agriculture
and livestock that is one of the main causes of deforestation.