長浜曳山祭とその継承について
The Nagahama Hikiyama Festival and its Transmission

財団法人長浜曳山文化協会
西川丈雄・漣泰寿
NISHIKAWA Takeo
SAZANAMI Yasuhisa
Nagahama Hikiyama Cultural Assoiciation

Outline
１）秀吉と長浜曳山祭の成立
The Load Hideyoshi and the Beginnings of the Nagahama Hikiyama Festival
２）子ども歌舞伎と囃子
Kodomo Kyogen (Kabuki by boys) and Shagiri (Festival Music)３）強固な組織－山組－
Soridarity in Yamagumi Groups
４）曳山祭を支える組織と継承のための取り組み
Organizations for the Transmission of the Festival and their Activities
５）結びConclusion

１）秀吉と長浜曳山祭の成立
The Load Hideyoshi and the Beginnings of the Nagahama Hikiyama
Festival
秀吉が太刀渡りを復興
Tachiwatari (Sword Parade) procession restored by Hideyoshi
男子誕生を喜んで町民に砂金を与え、それをもとに曳山を建造したという言い伝え
Tradition that delighted the birth of a son, Hideyoshi gave large amount ofgold to the citizens and floats were built
まちの繁栄の象徴としての曳山
Hikiyama floats as a symbol of prosperity of the town

曳山(hikiyama floats)２）子ども狂言と囃子
Kodomo Kyogen (Kabuki by boys) and Shagiri (Festival Music)
移動舞台としての曳山
Hikiyama floats as a moving theater
５歳から１２歳までの男子による子ども狂言（歌舞伎）。２６０年以上の歴史。
Kabuki performed by boys aged 5 to 12. Over 260 year history.
振付の指導により約３週間稽古。読み習い、立ち稽古、三役揃い。
Practice lasts for 3 weeks. Three stages of reading the script, practicing
movements, and final preparation with tayu (narrator) and syamisen (3stringed Japanese lute)
囃子は各山組の子ども（男女）。横笛、太鼓、締め太鼓、摺がねから成り週
１回稽古
Festival music called shagiri is played by boys and girls in each yamagumi
group. Instruments consist of flutes, drums and flat gong. Practice once aweek.

子ども歌舞伎(kodomo kyogen)と囃子(Shagiri)３）強固な組織－山組－
Solidarity in Yamagumi Groups

山組の三世代の役割
Three generations and roles: churo, wakashu, and boy actors
子ども役者はやがて若衆となり子どもを支え、中老となって祭りの運営に関わる
Boy actors join wakashu when they grow up and take care of children, andwakashu later become churo and manages the festival
人のつながりと地域の連帯
Develops bonds and solidarity between people in the district
男衆の祭りと女性の支援
Festival operated by men and supported by women山組の３世代の役割
Three Generations in the Yamagumi Group and their Roles

中老Churo are “middle-aged”
people over 45 years old

Churo maintains the hikiyama
float and manages the festival
as a whole.

join later in life
Hikiyama Festival

若衆
Wakashu means “young people”
aged about 20 to 45.

take care ofjoin later in life

Wakashu decides the play, sanyaku and boy actors.
They are responsible for kabuki performances.

子ども役者
Boy actors chosen fromresidents in the district

４）曳山祭を支える組織と継承のための取り組み
Organizations for the Transmission of the Festival and their Activities
戦後の経済成長による生活様式の変化と若者の都市部への移動、高齢化により三役（振付、太夫、三味線）、囃子の担い手が不足
Decline in the number of sanyaku performers and shagiri musicians due topostwar economic growth, change of lifestyle, move of younger generation tothe urban city, and aging of successors
１９７１年に長浜曳山祭囃子保存会を結成、曲の五線譜化、担い手を大人から子どもへ
Establishment of Nagahama Hikiyama Festival Shagiri Preservation
Association in 1971, transforming the music into scores, shifting successors
from adults to children

４）曳山祭を支える組織と継承のための取り組み
Organizations for the Transmission of the Festival and their Activities
１９７９年に「長浜曳山祭の曳山行事」が国の重要無形民俗文化財に指定、長浜曳山祭保存会が結成される
The Festival was designated as an important intangible folk cultural property
in 1979, leading to establish the Nagahama Hikiyama Festival Preservation
Association
１９８８年に三役修業塾を開講。曳山祭に出演できる三役を地元で育成
Training of syanyaku roles (choreographer, Tayu narrator, and Syamisenplayer) started in 1988 to be able to have local performers
２０００年、曳山博物館の開館と長浜曳山文化協会の設立。曳山祭の保存と普及
Opening of Hikiyama museum and establishment of Nagahama Hikiyama
Cultural Assoication. Preservation and promotion of the festival.
三役修業塾、伝承委員会、子ども歌舞伎教室などの活動
Activities such as sanyaku shugyo juku, succession committee, and kodomokabuki kyoshitu

Yamagumi is responsible for maintaining
hikiyama float and giving Kabuki performances.

Organizers of the Festival

長浜曳山祭総当番
Naaghama Hikiyama Festival Sotoban(executive committee)

山組
Yamagumi groups
Three generations: wakashu,churo, and boy actors

長浜曳山祭囃子保存会
Nagahama Hikiyama Festival
Shagiri Preservation Assoication
Nagahama Hikiyama Festival

曳山博物館
Hikiyama Museum
長浜曳山文化協会
Nagahama Hikiyama Cultural
Association

三役修業塾
Training of sanyaku roles

囃子方育成
Taining of shagiri musicians*Promotion of the festival
and culture derived from
Kabuki by boys.

伝承委員会
Succession comittee
子ども歌舞伎教室
Kodomo kabuki kyoshitsu

曳山博物館(Hikiyama Museum)裸参り (Hadaka Mairi)
praying for the health and safety of the boy actors

くじ取り式(kujitorishiki)
the order of performance is decided in this lot drawing ceremony登り山(Noboriyama)
the four floats go up to Hachiman Shrine夕渡り(Yuwatari)
the actors in costume go through the dark streets guided by lanterns

The floats perform at Hachiman Shrine in order５）結び(conclusion)ありがとうございました
Thank you