波及する超音波技術― 特許からみた最新事例 ―2007年5月発行
定価82,500円（消費税込み）
住ベリサーチの調査研究レポート
住ベリサーチ株式会社
技術調査部〒140-0002 品川区東品川2-5-8
天王洲パークサイドビル16F
TEL 03-5462-7036
FAX 03-5462-7040

目次第１章はじめに ······················································································································································· 1

第２章

超音波の概要 ············································································································································ 2

第３章 調査の概要 ·················································································································································· 5
３.１ 特許調査範囲及び概要 ························································································································ 5
３.２ ＩＰＣ分類に基づく調査の概要···································································································· 5
第４章 調査内容 ····················································································································································· 14
４.１ ナノテクノロジ······································································································································ 14
４.１.１ 微粒子 ··················································································································································· 14(１)

金属微粒子 ············································································································································ 16(２)セラミックス、無機材料微粒子 ···································································································· 17(３)ポリマー微粒子 ··································································································································· 19(４)コンポジット微粒子 ·························································································································· 20

４.１.２

カーボンナノチューブ(CNT) ········································································································ 22(１)

ＣＮＴの製造 ········································································································································ 23(２)精(３)製品への加工 ········································································································································ 25

４.２

製 ····················································································································································· 24

ソノケミストリ······································································································································ 28

４.２.１

超音波反応装置 ··································································································································· 29４.２.２

酸化還元反応・各種反応 ················································································································· 30

４.２.３

高分子関係の反応 ······························································································································· 30

４.２.４

ソノケミストリのまとめ ················································································································· 32

４.３

環境 ·························································································································································· 34

４.３.１

有機ハロゲン化合物の処理 ············································································································· 36

４.３.２

排水処理················································································································································· 40(１)生物処理(微生物処理) ······················································································································ 40(２)化学的処理 ············································································································································ 45

４.３.３

汚染土壌の浄化 ··································································································································· 47

４.３.４

固形物の可溶化、固形物処理 ········································································································ 47

４.３.５

分析への応用········································································································································ 48

４.３.６

排ガスの処理········································································································································ 48

４.３.７

騒音対策················································································································································· 51

４.４

エネルギ ····················································································································································· 53

４.４.１

燃料・燃焼 ············································································································································ 53(１)

車両用燃料タンク ······························································································································· 53(２)改質油 ····················································································································································· 54(３)燃焼装置、燃焼 ··································································································································· 57－i－４.４.２

水素ガス················································································································································· 57(１)

化学反応による方法 ·························································································································· 58(２)電解による方法 ··································································································································· 59(３)分離膜による方法 ······························································································································· 59

４.４.３

消火 ····················································································································································· 60

４.４.４

電池 ····················································································································································· 60(１)太陽電池 ················································································································································· 62(２)

燃料電池 ················································································································································· 64(３)二次電池 ················································································································································· 69(４)キャパシタ ············································································································································ 74

４.５エレクトロニクス ································································································································ 77

４.５.１

半導体 ····················································································································································· 77(１)マスクの製造 ········································································································································ 79

(２)

露(３)

レジストコート・成膜・配線 ········································································································ 80(４)パターン現像・エッチング ············································································································· 83(５)基板担体からの剥離・転写 ············································································································· 85

(６)

洗(７)

研磨・ＣＭＰ ········································································································································ 92(８)ダイシング・ピックアップ・輸送 ······························································································· 95(９)ボンディング・実装 ·························································································································· 96(10)その他 ··················································································································································· 103

光 ····················································································································································· 80

浄 ····················································································································································· 86

４.５.２

ディスプレイ······································································································································ 104(１)

電子ブック・電子ペーパー ··········································································································· 105(２)

ＬＣＤ ··················································································································································· 106(３)

ＣＲＴ ··················································································································································· 110(４)ＦＥＤ ··················································································································································· 110(５)ＰＤＰ ··················································································································································· 111(６)

ＯＬＥＤ ··············································································································································· 112(７)

立体ディスプレイなど ···················································································································· 114(８)

座標軸の入力、検出 ························································································································ 115(９)電子黒板・ホワイトボード ··········································································································· 116(10)

プロジェクタ ······································································································································ 116(11)その他 ··················································································································································· 117

４.５.３

回路基板··············································································································································· 117(１)

基板製造 ··············································································································································· 118(２)回路形成 ··············································································································································· 119

４.５.４

セラミック電子部品など ··············································································································· 119(１)

コンデンサ ·········································································································································· 120(２)

抵抗器 ··················································································································································· 122(３)

インダクタンス ································································································································· 122

－ii－

(４)

サーミスタ ·········································································································································· 123

４.５.５

磁気テープ・磁気ディスク ··········································································································· 123

４.５.６

音

響 ··················································································································································· 124(１)

超音波スピーカ ································································································································· 125

(２)

癒

(３)

音響変換 ··············································································································································· 126

４.５.７

電

し ··················································································································································· 126線 ··················································································································································· 127(１)

金属複合線の製造 ····························································································································· 128(２)超伝導線 ··············································································································································· 129

(３)

接(４)

被覆(フラットケーブル)・溶着 ·································································································· 129(５)リッツ線 ··············································································································································· 130(６)被覆電線の止水構造 ························································································································ 130

４.５.８コネクタ··············································································································································· 131

４.５.９

家庭用電化機器 ································································································································· 131(１)

洗濯機 ··················································································································································· 131(２)

掃除機 ··················································································································································· 132(３)

食器洗い機 ·········································································································································· 133(４)

調理器 ··················································································································································· 134(５)超音波歯ブラシ ································································································································· 135(６)

空調・加湿 ·········································································································································· 136(７)

冷蔵・冷凍・熱交換 ························································································································ 138

(８)

照

４.６
４.７

合 ··················································································································································· 129

明 ··················································································································································· 140

情報(認証・ＩＣカード) ··············································································································· 143
オプトエレクトロニクス ··············································································································· 146

４.７.１

光学素子・光半導体 ························································································································ 147

４.７.２

レーザー、音響光学素子 ··············································································································· 148

４.７.３

光ファイバ ·········································································································································· 150(１)

ファイバの製造、グレーディング ····························································································· 151(２)

接続加工 ··············································································································································· 152(３)光導波路 ··············································································································································· 152

４.７.４

光ディスク ·········································································································································· 153

４.７.５

レンズ ··················································································································································· 154

４.８

メカトロニクス···································································································································· 157

４.８.１

ロボット··············································································································································· 157

４.８.２

モータ ··················································································································································· 158(１)

超音波モータ ······································································································································ 158(２)

モータ ··················································································································································· 162

４.８.３

ＭＥＭＳ··············································································································································· 162

４.８.４

その他機械部品 ································································································································· 164(１)軸受け、動力伝達、ボルトなど ·································································································· 164

－iii－

(２)

タービン ··············································································································································· 166(３)バルブ ··················································································································································· 167(４)爆発・蒸気ほか ································································································································· 167

４.９

輸送機器 ··················································································································································· 169

４.９.１

自動車 ··················································································································································· 169(１)

自動車の部品製造・組み立て ······································································································ 170(２)

走行補助システム ····························································································································· 173(３)

排気ガス清浄化・騒音対策 ··········································································································· 174

４.９.２

電車・船・飛行機 ····························································································································· 176

４.９.３

輸送(クレーン・エレベータ) ······································································································ 177

４.９.４

浮揚・供給 ·········································································································································· 178

４.10

バイオ・メディカル・ヘルスケア ·························································································· 180

４.10.１

診断 ··················································································································································· 180(１)

超音波画像診断 ································································································································· 181(２)

その他の診断装置 ····························································································································· 194

４.10.２

手術・処置・治療 ····························································································································· 197(１)

循環器－アブレーションから血管形成まで············································································ 197(２)

一般外科－結石破砕 ························································································································ 200(３)整形外科分野 ······································································································································ 208(４)

歯科 ··················································································································································· 210(５)

眼科 ··················································································································································· 213(６)耳鼻科 ··················································································································································· 215(７)

医療機器 ··············································································································································· 215(８)インプラント ······································································································································ 216

４.10.３

医薬品 ··················································································································································· 221(１)

医薬品製造 ·········································································································································· 221(２)

医薬品投薬 ·········································································································································· 226(３)

造 影 剤 ··············································································································································· 234

４.10.４

バイオ・検査······································································································································ 238(１)

検査・診断 ·········································································································································· 238(２)

バイオチップ ······································································································································ 239(３)

マイクロフルイド・コンビナトリアルケミストリ ······························································ 241(４)細胞培養 ··············································································································································· 241

４.10.５

殺菌・処理水······································································································································ 243
菌 ··················································································································································· 243

(１)

殺(２)

処理水 ··················································································································································· 246
祉 ··················································································································································· 247

４.10.６

福４.10.７

衛生用品··············································································································································· 249

４.10.８

美容 ··················································································································································· 250(１)

スキンケア ·········································································································································· 252(２)

化粧品 ··················································································································································· 253－iv－(３)ヘアケア ··············································································································································· 253

４.10.９スポーツなど······································································································································ 254(１)

スポーツ ··············································································································································· 255(２)

玩具・遊技機 ······································································································································ 255

４.11

農業・酪農・漁業 ······························································································································ 258(１)

農業 ··················································································································································· 259(２)

酪農 ··················································································································································· 259(３)漁業 ··················································································································································· 259(４)

害虫等駆除 ·········································································································································· 259

４.12

食品加工－熟成から解凍まで ····································································································· 262
凍 ··················································································································································· 264

(１)

解(２)

熟成・蛋白変性 ································································································································· 265(３)

味付け(含浸浸透) ····························································································································· 265

(４)

切(５)

米の加工 ··············································································································································· 266(６)

味覚センサなど ································································································································· 266(７)

飲料、その他 ······································································································································ 266

４.13

断 ··················································································································································· 265

金属加工 ··················································································································································· 268

４.13.１

非鉄金属鋳造······································································································································ 268

４.13.２

製鋼・鋳造 ·········································································································································· 270

４.13.３金属の強化－ピーニング ··············································································································· 271(１)

熱処理 ··················································································································································· 271(２)

ピーニング ·········································································································································· 271

４.13.４

表面処理・洗浄 ································································································································· 274(１)

塗装前処理 ·········································································································································· 275(２)

エッチング表面処理 ························································································································ 275

４.13.５

メッキ・電解加工など電気化学的加工 ···················································································· 276(１)

メッキ ··················································································································································· 277(２)

電解加工 ··············································································································································· 279(３)放電加工 ··············································································································································· 279(４)電解洗浄・洗浄 ································································································································· 279

４.13.６金属接合··············································································································································· 280(１)

異種金属の接合 ································································································································· 281(２)

異種材料の接合(金属とセラミックス) ···················································································· 283(３)その他の接合方法 ····························································································································· 283(４)接合装置、工具 ································································································································· 284４.13.７

金属塑性加工······································································································································ 286(１)研

削 ··················································································································································· 287(２)

研

磨 ··················································································································································· 288(３)孔加工 ··················································································································································· 288(４)切断、打ち抜き ································································································································· 289－v－

(５)引き抜き・バリ取り・板金など ·································································································· 289(６)レーザー加工への応用 ···················································································································· 289(７)

砥石・研磨剤 ······································································································································ 290

４.13.８

回収など··············································································································································· 290

４.14

セラミックス・ガラス加工 ·········································································································· 292

４.14.１フェライト ·········································································································································· 293

４.14.２ガラス ··················································································································································· 293(１)

ガラスの製造・成形 ························································································································ 294(２)

表面処理、洗浄、エッチング ······································································································ 294(３)塑性加工(孔加工・切削) ··············································································································· 295(４)

接合 ··················································································································································· 296

４.14.３

セラミックス······································································································································ 296(１)

セラミックスの製造 ························································································································ 298(２)

塑性加工 ··············································································································································· 298

４.15

プラスチック・ゴム加工 ··············································································································· 301

４.15.１

成形加工··············································································································································· 301(１)

射出成形 ··············································································································································· 302(２)

押出成形 ··············································································································································· 303(３)

ブロー成形 ·········································································································································· 304(４)

注型成形 ··············································································································································· 304(５)

ラミネート加工 ································································································································· 304(６)

キャスト成形 ······································································································································ 305(７)塑性加工など ······································································································································ 305(８)

エンボス加工 ······································································································································ 305(９)発泡成形 ··············································································································································· 306(10)その他成形法 ······································································································································ 306(11)

ゴム成形加工 ······································································································································ 306(12)

プラスチック廃棄物・再生 ··········································································································· 307

４.15.２溶着(接合) ·········································································································································· 307
置 ··················································································································································· 309

(１)

装(２)

材料開発 ··············································································································································· 310

４.15.３

切断など··············································································································································· 312(１)

切断・溶断 ·········································································································································· 313(２)

研削・研磨 ·········································································································································· 314(３)孔加工 ··················································································································································· 314(４)溝形成 ··················································································································································· 314

４.16

紙・繊維加工 ········································································································································· 316

４.16.１

紙加工 ··················································································································································· 316

４.16.２

繊維、及び繊維製品 ························································································································ 317(１)

繊維、繊維製品 ································································································································· 318(２)

衣類・契合具 ······································································································································ 318－vi－

(３)

４.17
４.18

布製家具 ··············································································································································· 319

包 装 ························································································································································ 320
塗装・コーティング ························································································································· 321

４.18.１

塗装 ··················································································································································· 321(１)

微粒子の製造 ······································································································································ 322(２)

塗装前処理 ·········································································································································· 322

(３)

塗(４)

回収・剥離 ·········································································································································· 323

４.18.２

コーティング······································································································································ 323(１)

ドライコーティング ························································································································ 325(２)

ウェットコーティング ···················································································································· 326

４.19

装 ··················································································································································· 323

印刷、コピー、カメラ ···················································································································· 329

４.19.１

印

刷 ··················································································································································· 329(１)

インクジェット印刷 ························································································································ 330(２)

汎用印刷 ··············································································································································· 332(３)

インク ··················································································································································· 333

４.19.２

コピー ··················································································································································· 335(１)

トナー・感光剤の製造 ···················································································································· 335(２)装置、カートリッジ・トナー容器ほか ···················································································· 337

４.19.３

カメラ ··················································································································································· 338

４.20

分離・単位操作···································································································································· 339

４.20.１分

離 ··················································································································································· 339(１)

膜・フィルタ ······································································································································ 339(２)篩 ···························································································································································· 341(３)

その他の分離法 ································································································································· 341

４.20.２分

散 ··················································································································································· 345

４.20.３

霧化 ··················································································································································· 346

４.20.４

洗浄 ··················································································································································· 348(１)

ドライ洗浄 ·········································································································································· 350(２)

ウエット洗浄 ······································································································································ 350

４.21

振動子・探触子及び通信 ··············································································································· 353

４.21.１振動子・探触子 ································································································································· 353(１)

高分子系の圧電フィルム ··············································································································· 354(２)

加工用のホーンや振動子 ··············································································································· 354(３)

計測、音響 ·········································································································································· 355

４.21.２

通信用途··············································································································································· 355

４.22

センサ（計測的応用） ···················································································································· 356(１)

探傷・非破壊センサ ························································································································ 358(２)

劣化・磨耗・腐食・疲労センサ ·································································································· 359(３)厚さセンサ ·········································································································································· 360(４)

剥離剥離センサ ································································································································· 361－vii－

(５)接触センサ ·········································································································································· 362(６)

障害物・形状センサ ························································································································ 362(７)距離・長さセンサ ····························································································································· 363(８)

位置センサ ·········································································································································· 364(９)

魚探・ソナー ······································································································································ 364(10)レベルセンサ ······································································································································ 365(11)流量センサ ·········································································································································· 365(12)流速センサ ·········································································································································· 367(13)

漏れセンサ ·········································································································································· 368(14)気泡センサ ·········································································································································· 368(15)濃度センサ ·········································································································································· 369(16)

熱量・温度センサ ····························································································································· 369(17)

顕微鏡 ··················································································································································· 370(18)

原子力関係センサ ····························································································································· 370(19)音響光学素子 ······································································································································ 371(20)

気象センサ ·········································································································································· 372(21)

防犯・監視センサ ····························································································································· 372(22)

その他センサ ······································································································································ 373

４.23

その他 ························································································································································ 375

４.23.１

給湯・衛生器具 ································································································································· 375

４.23.２

ラピッドプロト ································································································································· 376

４.23.３時

４.23.４

マーキング ·········································································································································· 377

計 ··················································································································································· 377

第５章 超音波の将来性について ············································································································· 378
５.１ 強力超音波分野···································································································································· 378
５.２ 計測分野 ··················································································································································· 379
第６章

あとがき ··················································································································································· 380－viii－