, 32, 1 (2008) 13 18

J. Inst. Electrostat. Jpn.

⺰ᢥ⍹ᴤ࠲ࡦࠢౝᷡ᝹૞ᬺߦࠃࠆ㕒㔚᳇Ꮺ㔚ߦ㑐ߔࠆ੐଀⎇ⓥ↰ ᧛ ⵨ ਯ㧖,1㧔2007 ᐕ 8 ᦬ 31 ᣣฃઃ㧧2008 ᐕ 1 ᦬ 30 ᣣฃℂ㧕Case Study on Electrostatic Charging during Cleaning Workin an Oil Storage Tank
Hiroyuki TAMURA*,1(Received August 31, 2007; Accepted January 30, 2008)

While seven workers were cleaning to eliminate sludge in an oil storage tank with floating roof, a fire occurred andfive workers out of them died. It is thought one of the fire causes is ignition by electrostatic discharge. We investigatedinto the risk of electrostatic discharge. Taking up some works which were likely to cause electrostatic electrification
during cleaning works in the tank, we measured the electrostatic potential of a human body or tools, and verified therisk of electrostatic discharge. We carried out operations which simulated the cleaning works in the tank. The
electrostatic potential of a human body and clothes at that time were measured. The electrostatic potential did not rise
greatly only by the cleaning work operations. The metal tool with resin coating had a possibility that the resin portionwas charged with electricity highly. There was a possibility that high electrostatic potential appeared in a metal part by
this electrification and an electrostatic discharge was generated. Moreover this electrostatic discharge energy could
exceed the minimum ignition energy of inflammable fuel-air mixture. When working in an oil storage tank, it is notrecommended to use the metal tool with resin coating for fire safety.
1.

ߪߓ߼ߦ2.

ⵍἴ࠲ࡦࠢ᭴ㅧߣ⊒ἴᤨߩ⁁ᴫᶋደᩮᑼේᴤ࠲ࡦࠢߦ߅޿ߡේᴤࠬ࡜࠶ࠫࠍ㒰෰ߔࠆᷡ᝹

࠲ࡦࠢ᭴ㅧߩ᭎ⷐࠍ࿑ 1 ߦ␜ߔ㧚࠲ࡦࠢߪ❑⟎߈౞╴ဳᶋ૞ᬺߩߚ߼ߦ㧘឵᳇↪ߩࡈࠔࡦࠍㆇォߐߖߥ߇ࠄⶄᢙੱ߇౉ደᩮᑼ࠲ࡦࠢߢ㧘ࠗࡦ࠽࡯ࡐࡦ࠷࡯ࡦઃ߈ߩࠪࡦࠣ࡞࠺࠶ࠠᮏߒߡ૞ᬺࠍߒߡ޿ߚ㧚ᶋደᩮߪ⌕ᐩߒߚ⁁ᘒߢ㧘૞ᬺ⠪ߪဳߩ࠲ࡦࠢߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᄢ߈ߐߪ㧘ౝᓘ⚂ 75.5 㨙㧘㜞ߐ 24.2 㨙ᶋደᩮߣᐥߩ㑆ߩ㜞ߐ 2 㨙߶ߤߩⓨ㑆ߢ૞ᬺࠍߒߡ޿ߚ㧚૞ߢ㧘ኈ㊂ߪ 100,000 kL ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩ࠲ࡦࠢౝߩࡅ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣ

ᬺ⠪ߪ㧘ࡎ࡯ࠬߢฃߌ౉ࠇߚシᴤߣࠬ࡜࠶ࠫࠍᡬᜈߒ㧘ࠬ࡜ࡄࠗࡊ㧔㍑㋕⵾㧕ߣ࠲ࡦࠢᄖᄢ࿾ߣߩធ࿾ᛶ᛫ߪ 0.3 ǡߢ޽࠶ࠫࠍ࠻ࡦࡏߢហ߈㓸߼㧘ࡐࡦࡊߢๆ޿಴ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚ߎߩ૞ࠅ㧘⦟ᅢߢ޽ߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘࿑ 2 ߩࠃ߁ߦᐩ᧼ߣ㧘ࡅ࡯࠹ࠖࡦ

ᬺਛߦ࠲ࡦࠢౝߢἫἴ߇⊒↢ߒ㧘5 ฬ߇੢ߊߥߞߚ㧚ߎߩἫࠣࡄࠗࡊᡰᩇߩᐥ߆ࠄ 5 cm ߹ߢߪࠟ࡜ࠬࡈ࡟࡯ࠢߦࠃࠆ㒐ἴߩᐞߟ߆ᗐቯߐࠇࠆ಴Ἣේ࿃ߩ߁ߜߩ߭ߣߟߣߒߡ㧘㕒㔚㘩ⵍⷒ߇ߐࠇߡ޿ߚ㧚ⵍⷒㇱಽߩᛶ᛫୯ߪ┫Ꮏᤨߩᬌᩏߢߪ᳇᡼㔚ߦࠃࠆ⌕Ἣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚⍹ᴤ࠲ࡦࠢౝߢ૞ᬺߔࠆ㓙ή㒢ᄢߢ㧘⊒ἴᓟߪਇ᣿ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߩੱ๮቟ోࠍ࿑ࠆߚ߼಴Ἣෂ㒾ࠍឃ㒰ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߣ⠨߃㧘࠲ࡦࠢࠍ㐿᡼ߔࠆߚ߼ߦౝኈ‛ߩේᴤࠍᛄ޿಴ߔ૞ᬺࠍߒᚒ‫ࠢࡦ࠲ߪޘ‬ౝߩ૞ᬺਛߦ㕒㔚᳇Ꮺ㔚ࠍ⿠ߎߒߘ߁ߥ૞ᬺࠍߡ޿ߚ㧚ᶋደᩮߪᡰᩇߦᡰ߃ࠄࠇ⌕ᐩߒߚ⁁ᘒߢ㧘ᐩ᧼ߣᶋ޿ߊߟ߆ขࠅ਄ߍ㧘ੱ૕߿⌕⴩㧘
㆏ౕ╬ߩᏪ㔚㔚૏ࠍ⸘᷹ߒ㧘ደᩮߩ㑆ߪ 2 m ߶ߤߩⓨ㑆ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚☼ᐲߩ㜞޿ේᴤࠬ࡜࠶᡼㔚ߩෂ㒾ᕈߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸽ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐಽ߆ߞߚߎ

ࠫ߇ᐩ᧼਄ߦ࿑ 2 ߩࠃ߁ߦ 30㨪40 cm ᱷߞߡ޿ߚߚ߼㧘૞ᬺߣࠍ߽ߣߦ቟ోኻ╷ߩឭ⸒ࠍⴕ߁㧚⠪߇ߎߩ 2 m ߩⓨ㑆ߦ౉ࠅシᴤࠍฃߌ౉ࠇߡࠬ࡜࠶ࠫߣᡬᜈ
ߒ㧘ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫߩᵹേᕈࠍ㜞߼ࡐࡦࡊߢ᳹ߺ಴ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚7 ੱࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼㧦⍹ᴤ࠲ࡦࠢ㧘࠲ࡦࠢἫἴ㧘ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ㧘᮸⢽ⵍⷒ㧘Ꮺ㔚* ✚ോ⋭ᶖ㒐ᐡᶖ㒐ᄢቇᩞᶖ㒐⎇ⓥ࠮ࡦ࠲࡯
㧔182-8508 ᧲੩ㇺ⺞ᏓᏒᷓᄢኹ᧲↸ 4-35-3㧕
National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster Japan, 4-35-3,
Jindaiji-higashimachi, Chofu, Tokyo 1828508, Japan1
tamura@fri.go.jp߇࠲ࡦࠢౝߢ૞ᬺਛߦ૗ࠄ߆ߩේ࿃ߢἫἴ߇⊒↢ߒߚ㧚૞ᬺ⠪ߩ᦯ⵝߪ㧘✎ߩ㕦ਅ㧘✎ߩਅ⌕㧘✎ߩ㨀ࠪࡖ࠷㧘✎ߩߟߥ߉㧘㐳㕦㧘㕒㔚ว⠀㧘ࠧࡓᚻⴼ㧘✎ߩァᚻ㧘ࠛࠕ࡜ࠗࡦࡎ࡯ࠬઃ߈ߩ㕙૕㧘ࡋ࡞ࡔ࠶࠻ࠍりߦઃߌߡ޿ߚ㧚਄⌕ߣࠧࡓᚻⴼߩ㓗㑆߿࠭ࡏࡦߣ㐳㕦ߩ㓗㑆ߥߤߪࠟࡓ࠹࡯ࡊࠍ⾍ࠅ㧘ᴤߩଚ౉߇ߥ޿ࠃ߁㓗㑆ࠍႧ޿ߢ޿ߚ㧚㐳㕦㧘਄ਅߩว1432
Rolling rader

Seal
PontoonGuide pole
Roof drain intake

Deck

Fixed foam
extinguishsystem

1

2008

㔚ߣߒߡߪએਅߩ㧞ߟࠍᗐቯߒߚ㧚ࠕ㧚ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫߩᡬᜈ߿ហ߈಴ߒ૞ᬺߦࠃࠅ㧘ੱ૕߇Ꮺ㔚ߔࠆ㧚ࠗ㧚ᱠߊߥߤߩ⒖േേ૞ߦࠃࠅ㧘ੱ૕߇Ꮺ㔚ߔࠆ㧚㧔ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ㧞㧦ੱ૕Ꮺ㔚ߦࠃࠆ⺃ዉᏪ㔚㧕ੱ૕߇Ꮺ㔚ߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘࠻ࡦࡏߥߤߩ㆏ౕ߇⺃ዉᏪ㔚ߒ㧘ߘߩዉ૕ㇱಽ߆ࠄ࠲ࡦࠢౝߩዉ૕ㇱಽ߳᡼㔚ߔࠆ㧚

Outside stairs

Tank shell

ManholeRoof drain pipe
Bottom plate

RC ring

Roof drain valve

Annular plate

Manholeࠕ㧚ੱ૕Ꮺ㔚ߦࠃࠆ⺃ዉᏪ㔚ߢ㧘࠻ࡦࡏ╬ߩ㆏ౕߩዉ૕ㇱಽߦ㜞޿㔚૏߇⃻ࠇࠆ㧚㧔ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ㧟㧦ੱ૕એᄖߩዉ૕ߩᏪ㔚㧕ੱ૕એᄖߩዉ૕߇Ꮺ㔚ߒ㧘ߘߩዉ૕ㇱಽ߆ࠄ࠲ࡦࠢౝߩዉ
૕ㇱಽ߳᡼㔚ߔࠆ㧚࿑㧝 ⍹ᴤ࠲ࡦࠢ᭴ㅧߩ᭎ⷐ

ࠕ㧚࠻ࡦࡏ᳓ಾࠅㇱࠧࡓ߿⌕⴩ߣࡅ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣࡄࠗࡊߣߩ៺

Fig. 1 Outline of the tank structureᡂߦࠃࠅࡅ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣࡄࠗࡊ߇Ꮺ㔚ߔࠆ㧚

12 cmࠗ㧚⌕⴩ߣ᮸⢽ⵍⷒߩߥ޿㋕⵾࠻ࡦࡏߣߩ៺ᡂߢ㋕⵾࠻ࡦࡏheating pipe
heating pipe stay߇Ꮺ㔚ߔࠆ㧚㧔ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ㧠㧦⛘✼‛ߩᏪ㔚ߦࠃࠆ⺃ዉᏪ㔚㧕

sludgeorsludge and light oil

30-40 cm

5 cm
0.5 mm
6 mm⛘✼‛߇Ꮺ㔚ߒ㧘ߘࠇߦࠃࠅ⺃ዉᏪ㔚ߒߚ‛ߩዉ૕ㇱಽ߆ࠄઁߩዉ૕ㇱಽ߳᡼㔚ߔࠆ㧚ࠕ㧚᮸⢽ⵍⷒߐࠇߚ࠻ࡦࡏߩᨩࠍ࠙ࠛࠬߢߎߔࠆ㧚glass-flake coatingࠗ㧚᮸⢽ⵍⷒߐࠇߚ࠻ࡦࡏߩᨩࠍ࠙ࠛࠬߢߚߚߊ㧚bottom plate࠙㧚᮸⢽ⵍⷒߐࠇߚ࠻ࡦࡏߩᨩࠍࠧࡓᚻⴼߢីߞߡ㔌ߔ㧚࿑㧞 ࠲ࡦࠢᐩ᧼㧘ࠟ࡜ࠬࡈ࡟࡯ࠢⵍⷒ㧘ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ㧘ࠛ㧚࠻ࡦࡏ᳓ಾࠅㇱಽߩࠧࡓߣᐩ᧼ߩⵍⷒጀߣߩ៺ᡂߢࠧࡓ

ࡅ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣࡄࠗࡊᡰᩇߩ⁁ᴫ߇Ꮺ㔚ߒ㧘ࠧࡓࠍ࿕ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ㊄ዻㇱຠߦ㜞޿㔚૏߇⃻ࠇࠆ㧚

Fig. 2 The structure of bottom plate, glass-flake coating,sludge and heating pipe stay4.

⸘᷹⊒ἴߒߚ࠲ࡦࠢౝߦᱷ⇐ߒߡ޿ߚࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ߿⌕⴩╬ߩᛶ᛫⠀ߪᏪ㔚㒐ᱛᯏ⢻ߩ޽ࠆ߽ߩࠍ⌕↪ߔࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿ߚ߇㧘୯߿㕒㔚ኈ㊂ࠍ⸘᷹ߒ㧘Ꮺ㔚߿᡼㔚ߩߒ߿ߔߐࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߚ㧣ੱߩ߁ߜᢙੱߪᏪ㔚㒐ᱛᯏ⢻ߩߥ޿⢵ઃ㐳㕦ࠍ⌕↪ߒߡ޿߼ߦ㧘એਅߩᣇᴺߢ⾗ᢱࠍᓧߚ㧚ߚ㧚ࠧࡓᚻⴼ㧘ࠛࠕ࡜ࠗࡦࡎ࡯ࠬઃ߈㕙૕㧘ࡋ࡞ࡔ࠶࠻ߪᏪ

4.1⸘᷹ᯏེ෸߮ⵍ⸘᷹‛㔚㒐ᱛߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ㧚૞ᬺ⠪ߪ㕙૕ࠍⵝ⌕ߒࠛࠕ࡜ࠗࡦࡎ࡯㧔㧝㧕⸘᷹ᯏེࠬ߆ࠄⓨ᳇ߩଏ⛎ࠍฃߌߡ޿ߚ㧚࡮⿥㜞ᛶ᛫⸘ R8340A ࠕ࠼ࡃࡦ࠹ࠬ࠻ⵍἴᤨߩ᳇⽎᧦ઙߪ㧘᳇᷷ 11 ͠㧘⋧ኻḨᐲ 48 㧑㧘ർ᧲ߩ㘑 4 m/s ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚

࡮LCR ࡔ࡯࠲ HP4332A ࡅࡘ࡯࡟࠶࠻ࡄ࠶ࠞ࡯࠼࡮㕒㔚ࡕ࠾࠲ M2 ፉᵤ⵾૞ᚲ࡮㕒㔚㔚૏⸘ ࠬ࠲࠴ࡠࡦ DZ3 ࠪࠪ࠼㕒㔚᳇

3.

᡼㔚ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ੹࿁ߩᬌ⸽ߢߪ㧘ታ㓙ߦἫἴ߇⿠ߎߞߚߚ߼㧘ᐩ᧼ߦḳ߹ߞߚࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ߿シᴤ߆ࠄนΆᕈࠟࠬ߇⊒↢ߒ㧘นΆᕈᷙว᳇ߪᒻᚑߐࠇߡ޿ߚߣ઒ቯߒ㧘⌕ἫḮߦ㑐ߔࠆ⠨ኤࠍታᣉߒߚ㧚ᚒ‫ߪޘ‬㧘ේᴤ࠲ࡦࠢౝߢߩᷡ᝹૞ᬺߦߟ޿ߡ⡞߈ขࠅ╬ࠍⴕ޿㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ૞ᬺࠍߒߡ޿ߚ߆ߩᖱႎࠍᓧߚ㧚ߎߩᖱႎࠍ߽ߣߦ㧘࠲ࡦࠢౝߢ૗ࠄ߆ߩ‛߇Ꮺ㔚ߒߡ㧘ߘࠇ߇ේ࿃ߢ࡮⋥ᵹᴺ㔚ᭂኈེ㧝㧕㧘㧞㧕  㔚ᭂቯᢙ 1m㧔㧞㧕ⵍ⸘᷹‛એਅߩⵍ⸘᷹‛ߩ߁ߜࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ㧝ߣࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ㧞ߪ⃻႐߆ࠄណขߒߚ߽ߩߛ߇㧘ߘߩઁߪ㧘⃻႐ߢ૶↪ߒߡ޿ߚ‛ߣหߓဳ⇟ߩ⵾ຠࠍᣂⷙߦ⾼౉ߒߚ㧚Ⴃⵝߒߚ㋕᧼ߪ㧘ታ࠲ࡦࠢߩᐩ᧼ߣߢ߈ࠆߛߌหߓ઀᭽ߢ૞ᚑߒߚ㧚࡮ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ㧝 ේᴤᱷᷲߣṁ⸃↪シᴤߩᷙߓߞߚࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ㧔⊒ἴ೨ߦᣢߦ࠲ࡦࠢౝ߆ࠄࡐࡦࡊߢ᳹ߺ಴ߐࠇ࠲ࡦࠢᄖߩ᡼㔚ࠍ⿠ߎߔࠪ࠽࡝ࠝࠍએਅߩ㧠ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߢ⠨߃ߚ㧚㈩▤ߩਛߦ޽ࠅ㧘ߘߎ߆ࠄ⊒ἴ 27 ᣣᓟߦណขߒߚ㧚ߚߛߒ㧘㧔ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ㧝㧦ੱ૕Ꮺ㔚㧕シᴤߩᷙวഀวߪਇ᣿ߢ޽ࠆ㧚㧕ੱ૕߇Ꮺ㔚ߒ㧘࠲ࡦࠢౝߩዉ૕ㇱಽ߳᡼㔚ߔࠆ㧚ੱ૕ߩᏪ࡮ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ㧞 シᴤ߿ᶖἫ᳓ߩᓇ㗀߇ዋߥ޿ේᴤᱷᷲ㧔シᴤ15ߣߩᷙว૞ᬺߩ೨ߢ㧘᡼᳓ᶖἫߩⴕࠊࠇߚࡑࡦࡎ࡯࡞ߩ⚂ߢ߈ߥ޿߇㧘ߎߎߢߪ὇ൻ᳓⚛♽ߩᚑಽ߇ᄙߊ฽߹ࠇࠆߣ઒

180q෻ኻ஥ߩࡑࡦࡎ࡯࡞ઃㄭࠃࠅ⊒ἴ 3 ᣣᓟߦណขߒߚ㧚㧕ቯߒߡ㧘ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫߩᲧ⺃㔚₸ࠍ᳞߼ࠆ㧚Ყ⺃㔚₸ߩᢥ₂୯㧟㧕࡮㕒㔚ว⠀ charge out coat 49000 TOKEMI INC.

ߣߒߡߪ㧘Ἦᴤ߇ 2.1㧘࠻࡞ࠛࡦ߇ 2.38 ߥߤߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘࡮⢵ઃ㐳㕦 PLB-C2 ᒄㅴࠧࡓࠬ࡜࠶ࠫߩᲧ⺃㔚₸ࠍ߅ࠃߘ 2.2 ߣ઒ቯߔࠆ㧚࡮ࠧࡓᚻⴼ ⠴ᴤࡆ࠾ࡠ࡯ࡉ㧔Ⴎൻࡆ࠾࡯࡞㧕࡚ࠪ࡯ࡢ㧔㧞㧕⌕⴩╬ߩᛶ᛫୯࡮ァᚻ ✎ ⵾ㅧࡔ࡯ࠞਇ᣿ੱ૕ߩᏪ㔚߿ੱ૕߆ࠄߩ㔚⩄ߩㅏߍ㧘߹ߚ㧘ੱ૕߆ࠄߩ᡼

࡮✎ߟߥ߉ No.888 ߟߥ߉ ᣣᧄⵍ᦯ㅪวળ㔚ߥߤࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ㧘ੱ૕ࠍㅢߒߡߩᛶ᛫୯ߩ᷹ቯࠍⴕߞߚ㧚࡮ࡋ࡞ࡔ࠶࠻ 118-EPZ-2 ဳ ⼱ᴛ⵾૞ᚲߎߩߣ߈ߩ᷹ቯ♽ߩ᭎ⷐࠍ࿑ 4 ߦ␜ߔ㧚⿷రߣᚻరߩ૏⟎ߦ࡮㕙૕㧙ࡎ࡯ࠬ ࠨࠞࠗᑼ 12 ဳ HV-Y ⥝⎇ߪࠕ࡞ࡒ᧼ߢߢ߈ߚ㔚ᭂࠍ⸳⟎ߒߚ㧚⿷రߩࠕ࡞ࡒ᧼ߪ㧘㜞࡮࠻ࡦࡏ㧝 ᬺോ↪࠻ࡦࡏ 26520 ౎࠷⍫Ꮏᬺߐ 5 cm ߩ࠹ࡈࡠࡦߩࡉࡠ࠶ࠢߢᐥ߆ࠄᶋ߆ߒߚ㧚⿥㜞ᛶ᛫࡮࠻ࡦࡏ㧞 ࠦࡦ࠼࡞࠼࡜ࠗࡢࠗࡄ࡯(ᄢ) ጊፒ↥ᬺ⸘ߩ㧗ᭂࠍ⿷ర㔚ᭂߦ㧘㧙ᭂࠍᚻర㔚ᭂߦធ⛯ߒߚ㧚ੱ߇ਔ㧔࠻ࡦࡏ㧝ߣ㧞ߪᨩో૕ߦࡐ࡝ࡊࡠࡇ࡟ࡦⵍⷒ߇޽ࠆ㧚㧕⿷ߣ߽⵻⿷ߦߥࠅ⿷ర㔚ᭂߩ਄ߦ┙ߟ㧚ว⠀߿ᚻⴼ㧘ߟߥ߉࡮Ⴃⵝߒߚ㋕᧼㧔ᮨᡆᐩ᧼㧕 ㋕᧼᧚⾰㧦SS400ߪ㧘 ᚻߩ⚛ᚻߦⵍߖࠆࠃ߁ߥᒻߦߒߡ㧘ߘߩᚻߢᚻర㔚ᭂ

4.2

ᄢ߈ߐ㧦1800 mm900 mm㧘ෘߐ 6 mm

ߦᚻߩ߭ࠄో૕ߢ⸅ࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߚ㧚㕦ߩ᷹ቯߪ㧘⵻⿷ߩਔࠟ࡜ࠬࡈ࡟࡯ࠢႣⵝෘ 0.5 mm

⿷ߢ㕦ࠍጁ߈㧘ਔ⿷ߢࠕ࡞ࡒ᧼ߦਸ਼ࠅ㧘⚛ᚻߢᚻర㔚ᭂߦ⸅ࠇߚ㧚ࡋ࡞ࡔ࠶࠻ߪ㧘⵻⿷ߩਔ⿷ߢ⿷ర㔚ᭂߦਸ਼ࠅ㧘ᚻర㔚ᣇᴺߣ⚿ᨐᭂࠍ 5 cm ྾ᣇߩࠕ࡞ࡒࠪ࡯࠻ߦᄌᦝߒࡋ࡞ࡔ࠶࠻⴫㕙ߦ⾍ᛶ᛫₸߿ᛶ᛫୯㧘㕒㔚ኈ㊂ߩ᷹ቯߩᣇᴺߣ⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߔ㧚ࠅઃߌ㗡ߦ߆߱ࠅ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚㕙૕㧙ࡎ࡯ࠬߪ㧘㕙૕ࠍ㗻㕙ߦ㧔㧝㧕ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ
ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫߩ૕Ⓧᛶ᛫₸ߩ᷹ቯߪ㧘࿑ 3 ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘⋥ᵹᴺ㔚ⵝ⌕ߒ㧘30 m వߩࠛࠕ࡜ࠗࡦࡎ࡯ࠬߩ┵ㇱߦ⿥㜞ᛶ᛫⸘ߩᭂኈེࠍ↪޿ߚ㧚㔚ᭂቯᢙ㧝㨙ߩ㔚ᭂኈེߦࠬ࡜࠶ࠫࠍ౉ࠇ㧘㧗ᭂࠍធ⛯ߒ㧘⚛ᚻߣߩ㑆ߩᛶ᛫୯ࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚ශട㔚࿶ߪශട㔚࿶ 10 V ߦࠃࠅ᷹ቯߒߚ

⋥ᵹ 100 V ߣߒߚ㧚⚿ᨐߪએਅߩߣ߅ࠅ㧚㧝㧕㧘㧞㧕㧚⺒ߺขࠇࠆ▸࿐ߢ㧘ߢ߈ࠆߛߌ㔚࿶ශട⋥ᓟߩ୯ࠍ⺒ࠎߛ㧚
᷹ቯߪ 5 ࿁➅ࠅ㄰ߒߚ㧚ࠕ㧚㕒㔚ว⠀

7 Tǡᢙ୯ߣߒߡߪએਅߩ▸࿐ߣߥߞߚ㧚⚿ᨐߪએਅߩߣ߅ࠅ㧚ࠗ㧚⢵ઃ߈㐳㕦

620 Mǡ

࠙㧚ࠧࡓᚻⴼ

200 Mǡࠛ㧚ァᚻ

1.8 Gǡ

⹜ᢱߩࠬ࡜࠶ࠫਛߦߪ὇ൻ᳓⚛♽ߩේᴤᱷᷲ㧘⎫ൻ㋕ߥߤࠝ㧚✎ߟߥ߉

4.0 Gǡ㔀ᄙߥ߽ߩ߇ᷙ౉ߒߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘Ყ⺃㔚₸ࠍ․ቯߔࠆߎߣ߇

ࠞ㧚ࡋ࡞ࡔ࠶࠻

10 Tǡࠠ㧚㕙૕㧙ࡎ࡯ࠬ

1.2 Tǡࠕ㧚ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ㧝 200㨪300 Mǡ࡮㨙ࠗ㧚ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ㧞

70㨪90 kǡ࡮㨙㧔㧟㧕࠻ࡦࡏSludge㧝㧜㨂࠻ࡦࡏߩ᳓ಾࠅㇱߪ㧘࠙࡟࠲ࡦࠧࡓࠍ㊄ዻㇱຠߢ᜽߻ࠃ߁㪘ߦ࿕ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚LCR ࡔ࡯࠲ࠍ↪޿㧘࠻ࡦࡏ᳓ಾࠅㇱߩ࿕ቯ↪㊄ዻㇱಽߣ⿷ర㔚ᭂ(ࠕ࡞ࡒ᧼)ߣߩ㑆ߩ㕒㔚ኈ㊂ࠍ 1 kHz࿑㧟 ⋥ᵹᴺ㔚ᵹኈེߦࠃࠆࠬ࡜࠶ࠫߩᛶ᛫₸᷹ቯߩ㔚Ḯାภߢ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘⿥㜞ᛶ᛫⸘ࠍ↪޿⋥ᵹ 100 VFig. 3 Measurement of resistance of the sludge byߩශട㔚࿶ߢ࠙࡟࠲ࡦࠧࡓߩᛶ᛫୯ࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚࿑ 5 ߩࠃ߁a cylinder electrode using direct currentߦ⿷ర㔚ᭂߩࠕ࡞ࡒ᧼ߦ᳓ಾࠅㇱࠍ⟎߈㧘ࠧࡓᚻⴼࠍߪ߼ߚ
ᚻᜰవ 2 ᧄߢ࠻ࡦࡏߩᨩߩవ┵ࠍᡰ߃㧘᳓ಾࠅㇱߩ࿕ቯ↪

Device under test
(gloves, clothes)㊄ዻߣࠕ࡞ࡒ᧼ߩ㔚ᭂߣߩ㑆ߩ㕒㔚ኈ㊂ߣᛶ᛫୯ࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚ੱߪᮨᡆᐩ᧼ߦਸ਼ߞߚ㧚ߥ߅㧘ᚻߢᡰ߃ߚㇱಽߪࡐ࡝ࡊࡠࡇ

Ultra-insulation
micro ammeter࡟ࡦ㧔ᢥ₂ߦࠃࠆᛶ᛫₸ߪ 1014㨪1015ǡ࡮㨙㧟㧕㧕ߢⵍⷒߐࠇߡ޿ߡ㧘⛘✼ᕈߪ㜞߆ߞߚ㧚⚿ᨐߪએਅߩߣ߅ࠅ㧚

Device under test(shoes)    ࠕ㧚࠻ࡦࡏ㧝ߩ㕒㔚ኈ㊂

34 pF

    ࠗ㧚࠻ࡦࡏ㧞ߩ㕒㔚ኈ㊂

33 pF

    ࠙㧚࠻ࡦࡏ㧝ߩᛶ᛫୯

1.8 Tǡ    ࠛ㧚࠻ࡦࡏ㧞ߩᛶ᛫୯

2.1 Tǡ

㧔㧠㧕Ⴃⵝߒߚ㋕᧼ߩᛶ᛫୯
ࠟ࡜ࠬࡈ࡟࡯ࠢߢႣⵝߒߚᮨᡆᐩ᧼ߩⵣߦࠕ࡞ࡒ㔚ᭂ㧔㧗࿑㧠 ⌕⴩╬ߩᛶ᛫୯᷹ቯ

ᭂ㧕ࠍ⟎߈㧘⵻⿷ߩਔ⿷ߢႣⵝߒߚ㋕᧼ߦਸ਼ߞߚੱ߇⚛ᚻߢ

Fig. 4 Measurement of resistance of clothes- 3 -16322008ࠍ଻ᜬߒߡߒ߹߁㧚UltraͲinsulation micro ammeter
orLCR meter
Wiper1㧔㧟㧕࠻ࡦࡏ
࠻ࡦࡏߩᨩㇱಽߩࡄࠗࡊߣ᳓ಾࠅㇱߩ࠙࡟࠲ࡦࠧࡓࠍ࿕ቯ
ߒߡ޿ࠆ᧼ߣࡀࠫ㘃ߪ㋕⵾ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄࡄࠗࡊߣ࿕ቯ᧼ߪ
ࡀࠫࠍㅢߓߡ㔚᳇⊛ߦߪዉㅢߩ⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆ㧚ᨩߩㇱಽో૕ߪ

Experimental
bottom plateࡐ࡝ࡊࡠࡇ࡟ࡦߩ᮸⢽ⵍⷒ߇ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚࠻ࡦࡏߩ᳓ಾࠅㇱࠧࡓߩᛶ᛫୯ߪ 1.8 Tǡߣ 2.1 Tǡ㧘㕒㔚ኈ㊂ߪ 34 pF ߣ 33 pF ߢ޽ߞߚߩߢ㧘✭๺ᤨ㑆ߪ 61 ⑽ߣ 69⑽ߦߥࠆ㧚ᐩ᧼਄ߦࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ߇ߥ޿႐ว߿᳓ಾࠅㇱࠧࡓ߇ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫߦᳪࠇߡ޿ߥ޿႐ว㧘⛘✼ᕈߩ㜞޿ᴤ㧔ṁ⸃↪ߦฃߌ࿑㧡 ࠻ࡦࡏߩ㕒㔚ኈ㊂෸߮ᛶ᛫୯ߩ᷹ቯ౉ࠇߚシᴤ㧦ᛶ᛫₸ 10 Tǡ࡮m㧘Ყ⺃㔚₸ 2㧟㧕㧕ߩߺ߇ᐩ᧼

Fig. 5 Measurement of capacitance or resistance of਄ߦ޽ࠆ႐วߦߪ✭ᘟߥ✭๺ߣߥࠆ㧚ੱߩേ૞ߦᲧߒߡ߽ච

a wiperಽ㐳޿ᤨ㑆ߣ⸒߃ࠆ㧚㧙㔚ᭂߦ⸅ࠇߚ㧚⴫㕙߆ࠄⵣ㕙߳ߩᛶ᛫୯ࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚⚿ᨐࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ߇޽ࠆ႐วߦߪ㧔㧝㧕ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫߢ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ߪએਅߩߣ߅ࠅ㧚

࠻ࡦࡏߩ㊄ዻㇱಽߦ⃻ࠇߚ㔚⩄ߪࠬ࡜࠶ࠫࠍ⚻↱ߒߡࡅ࡯࠹

100 Gǡએ਄
5.

ࠖࡦࠣࡄࠗࡊᡰᩇࠃࠅ✭๺ߐࠇࠆ㧚✭๺ᤨ㑆

6.

㧔㧝㧕ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ

Ꮺ㔚ታ㛎࠲ࡦࠢౝߩᷡ᝹૞ᬺࠍᗐቯߒߚߣ߈ߩേ૞ߦࠃࠅᏪ㔚߇⿠ᛶ᛫₸ߩ㜞޿߶߁ߩࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ㧝㧔ේᴤᱷᷲߣシᴤߩᷙว‛㧕ߪᦨᄢߢ 300 㧹ǡ࡮m ߩᛶ᛫₸ࠍ␜ߒߚ㧚4.2 ߩ㧔㧝㧕ߢ઒ߎࠆ߆ࠍᬌ⸽ߒߚ㧚㧔㧝㧕ᷡ᝹ᮨᡆ૞ᬺߢߩᏪ㔚ቯߒߚᲧ⺃㔚₸ 2.2 ࠍ↪޿㧘ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫߦ߅ߌࠆ㔚⩄ߩ✭๺ᤨ⊒ἴ⃻႐ߢ⌕↪ߒߡ޿ߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ᦯ⵝߢ࠻ࡦࡏߢߩហ߈

㑆ࠍ᳞߼ߡߺࠆߣ 0.0058 ⑽ߣߥࠅ㧘ߎߩᛶ᛫₸ߪ㔚⩄ߩ✭๺಴ߒ૞ᬺࠍᮨᡆߒߡੇ޿ߚࠟ࡜ࠬࡈ࡟࡯ࠢႣⵝߒߚ㋕᧼ߩ਄ߦነਈߔࠆ୯ߣ⠨߃ࠆ㧚࠲ࡦࠢߩធ࿾⁁ᘒߪࡅ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣࡄߢ㧘࠻ࡦࡏߢ㋕᧼ߩ਄ࠍߎߔࠆേ૞ࠍ➅ࠅ㄰ߒߚ㧚േ૞⠪ߪ㧘ࠗࡊᡰᩇࠍㅢߒߡ⦟ᅢߥߚ߼㧘ᡰᩇߩࠟ࡜ࠬࡈ࡟࡯ࠢߢႣⵝ

‫ޟ‬2. ⵍἴ࠲ࡦࠢߣⵍἴᤨߩ⁁ᴫ‫ߜ߁ߩⵝ᦯ߚߒ␜ߢޠ‬㧘㕒㔚ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆਅㇱ 5 cm ࠃࠅ߽ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫߩ㜞ߐ߇㜞޿႐วߪ㧘᳇߇ḳ߹ࠅ߿ߔ޿ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ⢵ઃ㐳㕦ࠍߪ޿ߡታᣉߒߚ㧚ੱࠬ࡜࠶ࠫࠍ⚻↱ߒߡ㧘㐳㕦߿࠻ࡦࡏዉ૕ߩ㔚⩄ߪ✭๺ߐࠇࠆ㧚૕Ꮺ㔚㔚૏㧘⌕⴩╬ߩᏪ㔚㔚૏ࠍ 1 ಽ㧘5 ಽ㧘10 ಽ㧘20 ಽߣ߹ߚ㧘ṁ⸃↪ߩシᴤߩᷙ౉߇ዋߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ 2૞ᬺߒߚᓟߦ⸘᷹ߒߚ㧚ੱ૕Ꮺ㔚㔚૏ߪᚻߩ߭ࠄߦ㔚ᭂࠍ⾍ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘70㨪90 kǡ࡮㨙ߩᛶ᛫₸ߢ޽ࠆߩߢ㧘ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫࠅઃߌࠤ࡯ࡉ࡞ߢ౞ᒻ㔚ᭂߣ⚿߮౞ᒻ㔚ᭂߩ㔚૏ࠍ㕒㔚㔚૏㧝એ਄ߦ㔚⩄ߪߔߺ߿߆ߦ✭๺ߐࠇࠆ㧚⸘ߢ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚⌕⴩ߥߤߪ㕒㔚㔚૏⸘ࠍⷙቯߩ 5cm ߩ〒㔌߹㧔㧞㧕ੱ૕ߢᚻേߢㄭߠߌ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚⸘᷹▎ᚲߪ㧘ੱߩᚻߩ߭ࠄ㧘ࡋ࡞ੱ૕ߩᏪ㔚㒐ᱛߦ᦭ലߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㕦ߩᛶ᛫୯ߪ㧘⢵ઃ߈ࡔ࠶࠻㗂ㇱ㧘㕙૕ߩ㗠ㇱ㧘ว⠀ߩ⣁ߣ਄⣨ㇱ㧘⢵ઃ㐳㕦ߩ⤒㐳㕦ߩ႐วߢ 620 Mǡߢ޽ߞߚ㧚⢵ઃ߈㐳㕦ߪᏪ㔚㒐ᱛߩᯏㇱ㧘㕦ߩߟ߹వㇱ㧘࠻ࡦࡏߩᨩߩីߞߡ޿ߚㇱಽ㧘࠻ࡦࡏߩ⢻ߪઃടߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿㧚ੱ૕ߩ㕒㔚ኈ㊂ߪ 100㨪200 pF ߣ⸒᳓ಾࠅㇱߩ࠙࡟࠲ࡦࠧࡓߢ޽ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘㋕᧼ߩ਄ࠍዊ⿛ࠅߔ

ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧠㧕㧘㧡㧕ߩߢ㧘ߎߎߢߪ 150 pF ߣ઒ቯߔࠆ㧚ੱ૕ࠍࠆേ૞߽ⴕߞߚ㧚ታ㛎ᒰᣣߩ᳇᷷ߪ 12 ͠㧘⋧ኻḨᐲߪ 56 㧑ㅢߒߡߩ㔚⩄ߩ✭๺ߦߟ޿ߡߺࠆߣ㧘ੱ૕߆ࠄߩ✭๺ᤨ㑆ߪߢ޽ࠆ㧚⚂ 0.1 ⑽ߣߥࠆ㧚චಽߣߪ⸒߃ߥ޿߇㔚⩄ߪ㧘⿷రߩࠬ࡜࠶ታ㛎㐿ᆎᤨ߶߷ 0 kV ߢ޽ߞߚฦㇱ૏ߪ㧘20 ಽ㑆േ૞ߒ᷹ࠫࠍㅢߓㅏߍ಴ߔߚ߼㧘ੱ૕߇㜞㔚૏ߦߥࠆߎߣߪዋߥ޿ߣቯߒߚ⚿ᨐ㧘ੱ૕ߩᏪ㔚㔚૏ߪ 0.1 kV ⒟ᐲ㧘ࠃߊᡂࠇߡ޿ߚ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ࠧࡓᚻⴼߩᛶ᛫୯ߪ⢵ઃ߈㐳㕦ࠃࠅዊߐ޿ 200ว⠀ߩ⣁ߣ਄⣨ㇱߩᏪ㔚㔚૏ߪ 0.5 kV એਅߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߘߩઁ㧘Mǡߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߎࠇ߽㔚⩄ߩ✭๺ߦነਈߔࠆ୯ߢ޽ࠆ㧚᮸⢽ⵍࡋ࡞ࡔ࠶࠻㗂ㇱ㧘㕙૕ߩ㗠ㇱ㧘⢵ઃ㐳㕦ߩ⤒ㇱ㧘㕦ߩߟ߹వⷒߩߥ޿㋕⵾࠻ࡦࡏࠍ૶↪ߒߚ႐วߦߪ㧘ࠧࡓᚻⴼ߆ࠄ࠻ࡦ

ㇱ㧘࠻ࡦࡏߩᨩߩីߞߡ޿ߚㇱಽ㧘࠻ࡦࡏߩ᳓ಾࠅㇱߩࠧࡓࡏࠍㅢߒࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ߳ߣ㔚⩄ߩ✭๺߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆ㧚ߦߟ޿ߡߪ 0.4 kV એਅߩ਄᣹ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߎߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ᷡ᝹૞ᬺᐩ᧼਄ߦࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ߇ߥ޿႐ว㧘4.2 ߩ㧔㧠㧕ߩࠃ߁ߦࠟ࡜ࠬ

ࠍᮨᡆߒߚേ૞ࠍߒߡ޿ࠆߛߌߢߪ㧘ੱ૕߿⌕⴩╬ߩᏪ㔚㔚ࡈ࡟࡯ࠢߢႣⵝߒߚ㋕᧼ߪⵣ㕙߳ߩᛶ᛫୯߇ 100 Gǡએ਄ߣ㧘૏ߪ᡼㔚ߦ⥋ࠆࠃ߁ߥ਄᣹ߪߒߥ޿㧚૞ᬺࠍᮨᡆߒߚേ૞એ

ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫࠃࠅ߽ 3 ᩴᄢ߈޿ߚ߼㧘✭๺ᤨ㑆ߪᢙච⑽એ਄ߣߥ

ᄖߦዊ⿛ࠅ߿⣨ߣ⣁ߩߎߔࠇߥߤࠍỗߒߊⴕߞߡ߽㧘Ꮺ㔚㔚ࠆ㧚ੱߩേ૞ߦᲧߒߡ߽චಽ㐳޿ᤨ㑆ߣ⸒߃㧘Ꮺ㔚ߒߚ⁁ᘒ૏ߩᄌൻߪ 0.5 kV એਅߢ޽ߞߚ㧚
- 4 -

17

ហ߈಴ߒേ૞ࠍߒߚᓟ㧘ว⠀ࠍ⣕ߋߣੱ૕ߩᏪ㔚㔚૏ߪ⛘ីߞߚីജߪ 35㨪40 kg ⒟ᐲߢ޽ࠆ㧚࠻ࡦࡏߩᨩߩਅߦߪࡐ

ኻ୯ߢ 4㨪5kV ߦ਄᣹ߒߚ㧚ว⠀ߦḳ߹ߞߚ㔚⩄߇ੱ૕߆ࠄ࡝ࡊࡠࡇ࡟ࡦߩ▫㧔ᄢ߈ߐ⚂ 500350300mm㧕ࠍ⟎߈㧘㔌ᒁ߈㔌ߐࠇࠆߚ߼ੱ૕ߦ㜞㔚૏߇⃻ࠇࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘࠲ࡦࠢౝߒߚᨩߪߎߩ▫ߩ਄ߦਸ਼ࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߚ㧚ߘߩᤨߩ࠻ࡦࡏ᳓ಾߢߩ૞ᬺਛߪ㧘೨ㅀߒߚࠃ߁ߦ⌕⴩ߩ㓗㑆ࠍࠟࡓ࠹࡯ࡊߢႧࠅㇱߩ࿕ቯ㊄ౕߩᏪ㔚㔚૏ࠍ⸘᷹ߒߚ⚿ᨐࠍ࿑ 8 ߣ࿑ 9 ߦ␜ߋߚ߼਄⌕ࠍ⣕ߋߎߣߪߥ޿㧚ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫߩᡬᜈ߿ហ߈಴ߒߩߔ㧚ីߞߡ޿ߚᚻࠍ㔌ߒߚߣ߈ߦ㔚૏߇ 0 ઃㄭ߆ࠄࡑࠗ࠽ࠬ

૞ᬺߛߌߢ㧘ੱ૕ߩᏪ㔚㔚૏߇਄᣹ߔࠆߎߣߪ⠨߃ߦߊ޿㧚߳ᕆߦਅ߇ߞߡ޿ߊ㧚ᚻࠍ㔌ߒߚ⋥ᓟߦᦨᄢߩ⛘ኻ୯ࠍ␜ߒ㧘㧔㧞㧕࠻ࡦࡏߩ⺃ዉᏪ㔚ߘߩᓟ㧘ṳᵨߦࠃߞߡᏪ㔚㔚૏ߪᓢ‫ ߦޘ‬0 ߦㄭߠߊ㧚࿑ 8 ߢᏪ㔚ߔࠆ㆏ౕߣߒߡ࠻ࡦࡏࠍ⠨߃ߚ㧚5.ߩ㧔㧟㧕ߩࠃ߁ߦߪ⚂ 1 ಽ 30 ⑽ㆊ߉ߦ㧘࿑ 9 ߢߪ⚂ 55 ⑽ㆊ߉ߦ࠻ࡦࡏࠍౣ߮

ᨩߩ㊄ዻࡄࠗࡊߣ᳓ಾࠅㇱߩ㊄ዻㇱຠߪዉㅢ⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆ㧚ᨩីࠆߣ㔚૏ߪ 0 ઃㄭߦᚯࠆ㧚ߘߎߢ᷹ቯࠍ⚳ੌߒߚ㧚࿑ 8 ߪߩ᮸⢽ⵍⷒ߇Ꮺ㔚ߔࠆߣ㧘⺃ዉᏪ㔚ߦࠃࠅ᳓ಾࠅㇱ㊄ዻㇱຠ࠻ࡦࡏ㧝ߩ႐วߢ-3.2 kV ࠍ㧘࿑ 9 ߪ࠻ࡦࡏ 2 ߩ႐วߢ -3.4 kVߦ㔚૏߇⃻ࠇࠆ㧚ߎߩ㊄ዻㇱಽߩ㔚૏ࠍ⸘᷹ߒߚ㧚ࠕߣࠗߪࠍ␜ߒߚ㧚ߎߩᏪ㔚ߪ㧘Ⴎൻࡆ࠾࡯࡞ߩᚻⴼߣ࠻ࡦࡏߩᨩߩ

࿑ 6㧘࠙ߪ࿑ 7 ߩ᭽ߦߒߡᨩߩㇱಽࠍᏪ㔚ߐߖߥ߇ࠄ㧘࠻ࡦࡐ࡝ࡊࡠࡇ࡟ࡦⵍⷒߣߩ೸㔌Ꮺ㔚ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠆ㧚ࡏ᳓ಾࠅㇱߩ㊄ዻㇱຠߩᏪ㔚㔚૏ࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚᦯ⵝߪ㧔㧝㧕ᷡ᝹ᮨᡆ૞ᬺߢߩᏪ㔚ߩߣ߈ߣหߓߢ㧘ᮨᡆᐩ᧼ߩ਄ߢⴕߞ

7.

ߚ㧚࠻ࡦࡏ᳓ಾࠅㇱߩࠧࡓࠍᐥߦߟߌߚ⁁ᘒߢ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚㧔㧝㧕ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ㧝㧔ੱ૕Ꮺ㔚㧕ࠕ㧚࠻ࡦࡏߩᨩࠍ✎ߩ࠙ࠛࠬߢ 10 ࿁ߎߔߞߚߣ߈ߩ᳓ಾࠅㇱᷡ᝹ᮨᡆ૞ᬺࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆߛߌߢߪ㧘ੱ૕ߩᏪ㔚㔚૏ߪ㊄ዻㇱಽߩ㔚૏ߪ㧘-4.5㨪-5 kV ߦߥߞߚ㧚ߎߔࠆ࿁ᢙߦࠃࠅ

0.5 kV ⒟ᐲߩᄌൻߦߒ߆ߥࠄߕ㧘᡼㔚ߩෂ㒾ߪߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄ㔚૏ߪࡑࠗ࠽ࠬ஥ߦჇ߃ߡ޿ߊ㧚㕒㔚᳇᡼㔚ߩ⠨ኤࠇࠆ㧚૞ᬺᓟߦว⠀ࠍ⣕ߋߣੱ૕ߩᏪ㔚㔚૏߇਄߇ࠆߎߣ߇ࠗ㧚ᨩߩㇱಽࠍ࠙ࠛࠬߢ 10 ࿁ߚߚߊߣ㧘-2.5㨪-4 kV ߦᏪ㔚ߒߚ㧚ߚߚߊ࿁ᢙߦࠃࠅ㧘㔚૏ߪࡑࠗ࠽ࠬ஥ߦჇ߃ߡ޿ߊ㧚1࠙㧚ᨩߩㇱಽࠍࠧࡓᚻⴼࠍߒߚਔᚻߢᒝߊីࠅਔᚻࠍᕆߦ᡼

Time㧔minute㧕㧝㧜Electrostatic potential (kV)ߔേ૞ࠍ 1 ࿁ⴕ߁ߣ㧘-2.5㨪-3.9 kV ߩ㔚૏ࠍ⸘᷹ߒߚ㧚ᨩࠍ

Electrostatic
electrometer
Cottoncloth

0-1-2-3-4

Wiper
Experimental
bottom plate࿑㧤 ࠻ࡦࡏ㧝ߩ᳓ಾࠅㇱ㊄ዻㇱຠߩ㔚૏ᄌൻ
Fig.8 Electrostatic potential for a metal part at thetip of the wiper No.1

࿑㧢 ✎Ꮣߢߎߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠆ࠻ࡦࡏߩᨩߩᏪ㔚Fig,6 Measurement of electrification by rubbing the1handle of a wiper with cloth

Electrostatic potential (kV)㧜Resin box

Electrostaticelectrometer
Wiper
Experimental
bottom plate࿑㧣 ࠻ࡦࡏߩᨩࠍࡆ࠾࡞ᚻⴼߢីߞߡ᡼ߔߎߣߦࠃ0Time㧔minute㧕 㧝-1-2-3-4

ࠆᏪ㔚
Fig.7 Measurement of electrification by grasping and࿑㧥 ࠻ࡦࡏ㧞ߩ᳓ಾࠅㇱ㊄ዻㇱຠߩ㔚૏ᄌൻ

releasing the handle of a wiper by the hand put on

Fig.9 Electrostatic potential for a metal part at thethe latex gloves

tip of the wiper No.2- 5 -18

32

12008

޽ࠆߩߢ㧘࠲ࡦࠢౝߢ⌕⴩ߩ⣕߉⌕ࠍታᣉߒߥ޿ߎߣ߇቟ోߎߣ߽⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ᐩ᧼਄ߦࠬ࡜࠶ࠫ߇ߥ޿႐ว߿⛘✼ᕈߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ࠬ࡜࠶ࠫߩ㒰෰߇ㅴߺࠟ࡜ࠬࡈ࡟࡯ࠢႣⵝߢ㜞޿ᴤߩߺ߇ᐩ᧼਄ߦ޽ࠆ႐วߪ㔚⩄߇ㅏߍߕ㜞޿Ꮺ㔚㔚૏⛘✼ᕈ߇㜞޿ᐩ᧼ߩ਄ߦ┙ߟ႐ว߿⿷రߦ⛘✼ᕈߩ㜞޿ᴤߩࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚ߺߩ⁁ᴫߦߥࠆߣੱ૕ߪ㕖ធ࿾ߩ⁁ᘒߦㄭߊߥࠆߚ߼㧘቟ోߤࠎߥ႐วߢ߽㧘ᦨዊ⌕Ἣࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ⿥߃ࠆ᡼㔚ࠛࡀ࡞ߩߚ߼ߦߪੱ૕ߩធ࿾ኻ╷߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࠡ࡯ߦߥࠆߣ޿߁߽ߩߢߪߥ޿߇㧘ੱ๮቟ో㧘Ἣἴ੍㒐ߣ޿㧔㧞㧕ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ㧞㧔ੱ૕Ꮺ㔚ߦࠃࠆ⺃ዉᏪ㔚㧕߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄߔࠆߣ㧘⌕Ἣߩෂ㒾ᕈࠍౝ࿷ߔࠆ㆏ౕߩ૶↪ߪᭂࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ㧝ߩࠃ߁ߦੱ૕߇Ꮺ㔚ߔࠆน⢻ᕈߪૐ޿ߚ߼㧘ੱജឃ㒰ߔࠆߴ߈߽ߩߣ⠨߃ࠆ㧚૕Ꮺ㔚ߦࠃࠆ⺃ዉᏪ㔚߇᡼㔚ߩේ࿃ߣߥࠆน⢻ᕈ߽ૐ޿㧚ߒ࠻ࡦࡏ᳓ಾࠅㇱߩ࠙࡟࠲ࡦࠧࡓߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ੇ޿ߚᮨᡆᐩ߆ߒ㧘㧔㧝㧕ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ㧝ߣห᭽㧘⿷ర߇⛘✼ᕈߩ㜞޿ᐩ᧼߿⛘᧼ߩ਄ߢߩᷡ᝹ᮨᡆ૞ᬺࠍታᣉߒߚ㓙㧘㋕᧼ߣߩ៺ᡂࠍ 20✼ᕈߩ㜞޿ᴤߩߺߦߥࠆ႐ว߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߩߢ㧘ੱ૕ߩធ࿾ಽ㑆⛮⛯ߒߡ߽ 0.4 kV એਅߩᄌൻߢ޽ߞߚߚ߼㧘᡼㔚ߩน⢻ኻ╷ߪᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᕈߪዋߥ޿㧚㧔㧟㧕ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ㧟㧔ੱ૕એᄖߩዉ૕ߩᏪ㔚㧕࠲ࡦࠢౝߩዉ૕ߣߒߡߪ㧘ࡅ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣࡄࠗࡊߣߘߩᡰᩇ㧘᮸⢽ⵍⷒߩߥ޿㋕⵾࠻ࡦࡏ㧘㍑㋕⵾ߩ⿷႐᧼(501694 cm)

8.

߹ߣ߼

ࠟ࡜ࠬࡈ࡟࡯ࠢߢⵍⷒߐࠇߚੇ޿ߚ㋕᧼ߩ਄ߢ㧘࠲ࡦࠢౝ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ࡅ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣࡄࠗࡊᡰᩇߩᐥ߆ࠄ 5 cm ߩ㜞ߩᷡ᝹૞ᬺࠍᮨᡆߒߚേ૞ࠍⴕߞߚ႐วߩੱ૕߿⌕⴩㧘㆏ౕߐ߹ߢߣᐩ᧼⴫㕙ߪࠟ࡜ࠬࡈ࡟࡯ࠢႣⵝ߇޽ࠅ⛘✼ߐࠇߚ⁁╬ߩᏪ㔚㔚૏ࠍ⸘᷹ߒߚ㧚ᷡ᝹૞ᬺേ૞ߛߌߢߪ㧘ੱ૕߿⌕ᘒߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ࡅ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣࡄࠗࡊ⥄૕ߪ㧘ṁធߐࠇߚᡰᩇߣ⴩╬ߩ⴫㕙߇᡼㔚ߦ⥋ࠆࠃ߁ߥ㜞޿Ꮺ㔚㔚૏ߦߥࠆߎߣߪߥᐩ᧼ࠍㅢߓធ࿾⁁ᘒߦ޽ࠆߚ߼㧘ࡅ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣࡄࠗࡊ෸߮ߘ߆ߞߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘᮸⢽ⵍⷒߐࠇߚ㊄ዻ㆏ౕߪ㧘᮸⢽ㇱ߇Ꮺ㔚ߩᡰᩇߪᏪ㔚ߢ㜞㔚૏ߦߥࠆߎߣߪߥ޿㧚㍑㋕⵾ߩ⿷႐᧼ߪߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇㜞ߊ㧘ߎߩ⺃ዉᏪ㔚ߦࠃࠅ㊄ዻㇱಽߦ㔚૏߇⃻

2 ᧄߩࡅ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣࡄࠗࡊ਄ߦਸ਼ߖߡ‛⟎บߣߒߡ૶↪ߒߡࠇ㧘᡼㔚ߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ㧚ઍ⴫⊛ߥ㆏ౕ޿ߚ߇㧘ߤߜࠄ߽㍑㋕⵾ߥߩߢ⿷႐᧼߽ធ࿾ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨ߢ޽ࠆ࠻ࡦࡏࠍ↪޿ߚታ㛎ߢߪ㧘᡼㔚ߒߚᤨߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯߇㧘߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ࠃߞߡࡅ࡯࠹ࠖࡦࠣࡄࠗࡊ߿ߘߩᡰᩇ㧘⿷႐᧼߇὇ൻ᳓⚛♽ߩนΆᕈᷙว᳇ߩᦨዊ⌕Ἣࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ࠍ⿥߃ࠆ႐Ꮺ㔚ߔࠆน⢻ᕈߪዋߥ޿㧚߹ߚ㧘㋕⵾࠻ࡦࡏߪ㧘Ꮺ㔚ߒߚߣߒߡ߽ᷓߐߦߒߡ30㨪40 cm ޽ߞߚࠬ࡜࠶ࠫߩዉ㔚ᕈߩߚ߼㧘㔚⩄ߪᄢ࿾ߦㅏߍߚߣ⠨߃ࠆ߇㧘⛘✼ᕈߩ㜞޿ࠟ࡜ࠬࡈ࡟࡯ว߽޽ࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚ㧚นΆᕈᷙว᳇߇ᒻᚑߐࠇࠆน⢻ᕈߩ޽ࠆ⍹ᴤ࠲ࡦࠢౝߢ૞ᬺߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ႐วߦߪ㧘⛘✼ᕈߩ㜞޿᮸⢽ⵍⷒߐࠇߚ㊄ዻ㆏ౕࠍ૶↪ߒߥ޿ߎߣ߇቟ోߢࠢႣⵝߩᐩ᧼਄߿⛘✼ᕈߩ㜞޿ᴤߩߺ߇ᐩ㕙ߦ޽ࠆ႐วߪ㋕޽ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘৻⥸⊛ߥኻ╷ߣߒߡ㧘ੱ૕߿⍹ᴤ࠲ࡦࠢౝߩዉ⵾࠻ࡦࡏ߽㕖ធ࿾ߩ⁁ᘒߦㄭߊߥࠆߩߢ㧘ធ࿾ኻ╷ࠍขࠆᔅ૕ߩធ࿾ࠍታᣉߔࠆߎߣߪ⸒߁߹ߢ߽ߥ޿㧚ⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚੹࿁ߩ⍹ᴤ࠲ࡦࠢߢߪធ࿾߇⦟ᅢߢ޽ߞߚ߇㧘࠲ࡦࠢౝߩߎࠇࠄዉ૕ߪ⏕ታߦធ࿾ࠍߣࠆߎߣ߇㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ㧚⻢ㄉ㧔㧠㧕ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ㧠㧔⛘✼‛ߩᏪ㔚ߦࠃࠆ⺃ዉᏪ㔚㧕Ꮺ㔚ታ㛎╬ࠍⴕ߁㓙ߦදജߒߡ޿ߚߛ޿ߚᮮᵿᏒ቟ో▤ℂ࠻ࡦࡏߩᨩߩ㊄ዻࡄࠗࡊࠍⵍⷒߒߚࡐ࡝ࡊࡠࡇ࡟ࡦߪ⛘✼ዪߩᩙේ᡽ᐘ᳁ߦ㧘ߎߎߢ⸥ߒߡᗵ⻢ߩᗧࠍ⴫ߒߚ޿㧚ᕈ߇㜞ߊᏪ㔚ߒ߿ߔ޿㧚6. Ꮺ㔚ታ㛎ߩ㧔㧞㧕ߢ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߥ࠻ࡦࡏߩᨩࠍ࠙ࠛࠬߢߚߚߊⴕὑߪ޽߹ࠅߥ޿ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ߇㧘ᒝߊីߞߡ᡼ߔߣ޿߁ⴕὑߪⴕࠊࠇࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ㧚ߎߩታ㛎ߢෳ⠨ᢥ₂1)N. Radius, C. Douwes, Advances in Static Electricity, Vol.1,ߪ㧘࠻ࡦࡏߩ᳓ಾࠅㇱಽߩ㊄ዻㇱຠߩᏪ㔚㔚૏߇᧦ઙߦࠃࠅ

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Static Electricity,⚂-4 kV ⒟ᐲߦߥࠆߎߣ߇⏕⹺ߐࠇߚ㧚Ꮺ㔚㔚૏᷹ቯᤨߦ㔚pp. 240-247(1970)૏᷹ቯ↪㔚ᭂ᧼ࠍขࠅઃߌߚߚ߼㕒㔚ኈ㊂߇Ⴧടߒ㔚૏ߪૐ2)㕒㔚᳇ቇળ✬㧘ᣂߊ⸘᷹ߐࠇࠆ㧚ߎߩᏪ㔚㔚૏ࠍ V ߣߒ㧘㕒㔚ኈ㊂ C ࠍ 4.2 ᣇ㕒㔚᳇ࡂࡦ࠼ࡉ࠶ࠢ㧘ࠝ࡯ࡓ␠㧘

pp.486-488(1998)

ᴺߣ⚿ᨐߢ᳞߼ߚ 34 pF ߣߔࠆߣ㧘࠻ࡦࡏߦ⫾߃ࠄࠇߚࠛࡀ3)ഭ௛቟ోⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ㧘㕒㔚᳇቟ోᜰ㊎ 2007㧘ഭ௛቟ో

ዊߐߊ⷗Ⓧ߽ߞߡ߽⚂ 0.27 mJ ߣߥࠆ㧚࡞ࠡ࡯ߪ CV2/2 ࠃࠅ㧘ⴡ↢✚ว⎇ⓥᚲ㧘pp.161-163(2007)଀߃߫㧘ࡋࠠࠨࡦߩนΆᕈᷙว᳇ߩᦨዊ⌕Ἣࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߪ4)ዊ㊁ઁ㧘㕒㔚᳇ቇળ⻠Ṷ⺰ᢥ㓸, pp.401-404(1986)

0.24 mJ㧢㧕ߢ޽ࠆߩߢ㧘࠻ࡦࡏ᳓ಾࠅㇱಽߩ㊄ዻㇱຠ߆ࠄߩ᡼5)㕒㔚᳇ቇળ✬㧘ᣂ㔚Ἣ⧎ߢ⌕Ἣߐߖࠆߎߣ߇น⢻ߣߥࠆ㧚᳇᷷㧘ḨᐲߥߤߩⅣ

㕒㔚᳇ࡂࡦ࠼ࡉ࠶ࠢ㧘ࠝ࡯ࡓ␠㧘

pp.278-282(1998)Ⴚ᧦ઙ߿࠻ࡦࡏߩᛒ޿ᣇߦࠃߞߡ㧘㕒㔚᳇ߩᏪ㔚㊂߇ᄌൻߔ6)㕒㔚᳇ቇળ✬㧘ᣂࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘᧦ઙߦࠃߞߡߪߎߎߢߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯એ਄ߦߥࠆ

p.1255(1998)- 6 -㕒㔚᳇ࡂࡦ࠼ࡉ࠶ࠢ㧘ࠝ࡯ࡓ␠㧘