BOOK of
Abstracts
The 15th

International
Conference on
Environmental and
Rural Development
8-10 March, 2024
Khon Kaen, Thailand

Organized byInternational Society of Environmental and Rural Development
Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Institute of Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation, Japan

Collaborated with
United Nations University Institute for the Advanced study of Sustainability
University of Queensland, Australia
The University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
Yezin Agricultural University, Myanmar
Bohol Island State University, Philippines
Association of Environmental and Rural Development, Thailand
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thailand
Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Thailand
Can Tho University, Vietnam
National University of Laos, Lao PDR

th

15 ICERDBCG

th

15 ICERDth

The 15 International Conference on
Environmental and Rural Development

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

8-10 March, 2024
Khon Kaen, Thailand

Organized by

Supported by

Collaborated with

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

I

Table of Contents
Managing Committee and Chairmanship of the 15th ICERDGeneral Program of 15th ICERD
Scientific Presentation of the 15th ICERD
Oral Presentation
Poster Presentation
Abstracts of Oral Presentations
Keynote Presentation
Citation Analysis on International Journal of Environmental
and Rural Development 2010-2023
Yoshiko Tanahashi
Nos.

XI
XIII
XIV
XV
XVIII

1

Agricultural System and Food Innovation (AG)1

AG-15-012

AG-15-03

3

AG-15-04

4

AG-15-06

5

AG-15-10

6

AG-15-12

7

AG-15-14

8

AG-15-16

9AG-15-17

A New Cultivation Method for Speeding up the Fruiting Body
Formation of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél)
Orlavanh Xayyavong, Worawoot Aiduang Kritsana Jatuwong,and Saisamorn Lumyong
Enhancing Plant Growth Using a 6V Solar Cell–Powered Electrokinetic
Treatment
Narong Touch and Takahiko Nakamura
Factors Influencing Adoption of Ecosystem -based Adaptation
Practices: The Case of Small-Scale Maize Farming in Morogoro
Region, Tanzania
Upendo Saitabaua Mollel, Katsumori Hatanakaa, Ramadhona
Savillea, and Nina Shimoguchia
Assessment of Irrigated Soil Quality in Paddy Fields at Dakawa
Irrigation Scheme in Morogoro, Tanzania
Jimmy Felix Macha and Machito Mihara
Complementarity of Physical and Biological Analyses to Qualify Soils
in a Gradient of Use in a Tropical Context
Emilie Peiffer, Yarapon Puttakot, Sébastien Franceschini,
Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai, and Aurore Degré
Application of Multiple Correspondence and k-Means Cluster
Analyses for Tomato Consumer Behavior
Hettige Samitha Lakshan Gunasekara, Nina Shimoguchi,
Ramadhona Saville, Rika Terano, and Katsumori Hatanaka
Comparison on Mechanical Properties of PCL-Based Fiber
Composites Fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling and Injection
Molding
Chhengven Chhoem, Dyna Theng, Chim Chay, Mouylin Chem,
Inés Ferrer, and Marc Delgado-Aguila
Effect of Using Wastewater from Cassava Starch Industry for Longterm Napier Grass Cultivation on Soil Organic Matter and Soil Fertility
Seksan Kamlamoon and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai
Evaluation of Agroecological Performance Under GeographicalAspect and Agroecology Transition Levels in Battambang Province,
Northwest of Cambodia

I

2

3
4

5
6

7

8

9
10

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 202410

AG-15-18

11

AG-15-19

12

AG-15-21

13

AG-15-22

14

AG-15-2415

AG-15-26

16

AG-15-27

17

AG-15-33

18

AG-15-34

19

AG-15-3620

AG-15-37

Theara Mao, Sorith Hou, Samnang Ngoun, Lucie Reynaud,
Sovann Pat, Rada Kong, Veng Sar, Agnès Colbe, andGuillemette Arminjon
Entrepreneurial Innovation for Climate Resilience: Enhancing Foodand Water Security in the MENA Region
Tarek Ben Hassen, Chedli Baya Chatti, Mahmoud Abdulwahed,and Allan Villegas
Sustainability Transition to Organic Agriculture in Kosovo: A Case
Study of Organic Beekeeping
Arnita Veliu, Ekrem Gjokaj, Hamid El Bilali, and Tarek Ben
HassenSuitability of Using Swine Wastewater for Generating Biomass ofAzolla microphylla and Application in Vermiculture Enhancing the
BCG Model
Phearun Lay, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai, and Sophea Nhean
A Multispecies Growth and Yield Performance Comparison of
Vegetables Cultivated Under Hydroponics Using Sewerage
Wastewater
Dickson M. Mazibuko, Antonio Perez Fuentes, Kazuha
Wakasugi, Sarvesh Maskey, Takahiko Nakamura, and Hiromu
Okazawa
Agroecological Performance of Market Gardens Located in Southern
SwedenIman Raj Chongtham and Mathilda Håkansson
Development of the Biological Salt Utilizing System for Managementof Saline Agricultural Field in Khon Kaen, Thailand
Takashi Kume, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai, Tadao Yamamoto,Katsuyuki Shimizu, Fumikazu Ubukata, and Hirotaka Matsuda
Plant Growth and Fruit Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Using Advanced Treated Water in Hydroponics
Antonio Perez Fuentes, Kazuha Wakasugi, Sarvesh Maskey,
Dickson M. Mazibuko, Takahiko Nakamura, Hiroyuki Oshima,
Taku Kato, Ayako Sekiayma, and Hiromu Okazawa
Impact of Irrigation Methods on Water Delivery Performance inLarge-scale Irrigation Scheme in Morocco
Dayyabu Muhammad Zaharaddeen, Katsuyuki Shimizu, Yuri
Yamazaki, Vinay Nangia, Anas Mansouri, Mohamed Belaarabi,
and Lahcen Ousstous
Effects of Different Agricultural System Practices on Soil Erosion
Using RUSLE Model in Ratanak Mondul District, Battambang
Province, Cambodia
Sarey Rim, Nareth Nut, Lyhour Hin, Sophoanrith Ro, Lytour
Lor, Sakdanupol Chan, and Machito Mihara
Recent Expansion and Future Perspectives of Direct Seeding in
Miyagi Prefecture in Japan
Hiroei Kanno and Koki Homma
Production and Marketing Systems of Crops Replacing Rubber ofFarmers Under the Production Volume Control Project in Kalasin
Province
Walaipan Preepradit and Arunee Promkhambut

II

11

12

13

14

15
16

17

18

19

20
21

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 202421

AG-15-44

22

AG-15-48

23

AG-15-49

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis Disease and Lumpy Skin Disease on
Cattles at Svay Rieng and Prey Veng Province, Cambodia
Khoeun Sokun, Kong Saroeun, Bun Chan, Ren Theary, Ith
Manay, Chan Bunyeth, Lay Hort, Hin Lyhour, and Theng Kouch
Recent Trends in Consumption of Traditional Fermented Foods in
Cambodia
Sothea Kong, Hisako Nomura, Tamon Baba, Hiroyuki Hattori,
Samnang Nguon, and Kasumi Ito
Elucidation of the Chemical Structures and Antioxidant Property of
Cambodian Melaleuca Extract
Ravor Seng, Akane Kuroki, Masashi Kawaguchi, Fumie
Nakashima, Takahiro Shibataa, and Hiroyuki Hattori

22

23

24

Environmental Management (EM)24

EM-15-01

25

EM-15-03

26

EM-15-12

27

EM-15-13

28

EM-15-14

29

EM-15-17

30

EM-15-18

31

EM-15-21

32

EM-15-25

33

EM-15-28

34

EM-15-29

People- Peatland Interconnections: Socio-economic Determinants ofLocal Livelihoods Underlying Effective Peatland Protection in Riau,
Indonesia
Mohammad Yunus and Adcharaporn Pagdee
Application of Soil Amendments as a Strategy for Water Holding
Capacity in Sandy Loam Soil and Grapevine Performance
Mohammad Mirwais Yusufi and Machito Mihara
Performance of a Covered Lagoon Digester in Wastewater
Treatments from Mango Processing
Chan Makara Mean, Lyhour Hin, Meng Chhay Kim, Buntha
Kun, Dyna Theng, Nareth Nut, and Lytour Lor
Recycling of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Urban Wastewater Using
Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (CSH): Case Study in Cambodia
Somara Oum, Narong Touch, and Machito Mihara
The Bio Circular Dairy Farming Model of Thai-Danish Dairy
Cooperatives Lam Phaya Klang Limited, Saraburi Province, Thailand
Anucha Wittayakorn-Puripunpinyoo
Ecotourism in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review of Ecotourism
Activities and Factors Determining Tourists’ Willingness to Pay for
Ecosystem and Biodiversity Protection
Desvia Norita Angelina and Adcharaporn Pagdee
Long-Term Hydrologic Trend Analysis of Diamphwe River Basin inCentral Malawi
Kenford A.B. Luweya, Lameck Fiwa, Ke Zhang, Sarvesh
Maskey, Hiroko Gono, and Hiromu Okazawa
Population Assessment of Agarwood (Aquilaria sp.) on Leyte Island
Lorraine Cristy E. Ceniza, Jimmy O. Pogosa, Marlito M. Bande,
and B. Lina
Preliminary Survey on Farmers' Perceptions of Environmental
Protection in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan
Naoko Oka and Toshihiko Anzai
Evaluation of Chemical Contaminants in Recycled Water for
Firefighting Purposes
Barry Neil Noller
Study on Local Awareness and Perception of Fertilizer Application: A
Case Study in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka
III

25

26
27

28
29
30

31

32
33
34
35

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 202435

EM-15-30

36

EM-15-31

37

EM-15-36

38

EM-15-37

39

EM-15-38

40

EM-15-39

41

EM-15-40

42

EM-15-41

43

EM-15-44

44

EM-15-47

Arachchillage Buddhika Priyadarshani Bandara and Machito
MiharaAssessing the Efficiency of Different Biogas Generators in Energy
Production and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Commercial Pig
Farms in Cambodia
Meng Chhay Kim, Lyhour Hin, Chan Makara Mean, Dyna
Theng, Sovanndy Yut, Nareth Nut, Lytour Lor, and Gerald
Hitzler
Detecting and Tracking the Positions of Deer Using Sound
Recordings at Ozegahara Wetland in 2023
Kazuo Okia, Masayasu Maki, Tadanobu Okumura, Masahiro
Onishi, Salem Ibrahim Salem, and Sakae Shirayama
Environmental Factors Relating to Termite Mound Distribution in Dry
Dipterocarp Forest on the Khon Kaen University Campus
Phoorit Leelan, Araya Phanomkhet, and Adcharaporn Pagdee
Potential of Waste Bank Establishment for Waste Management at theFaculty of Science, Khon Kaen University
Takdanai Phansawat, Jinnatam Suebpheng, and Adcharaporn
PagdeeRelationships Between Undergrowth Flora and Canopy Gap at Dry
Dipterocarp Forest in Khon Kaen University
Kanchana Chaengphai, Maengpor Sonmanee, andAdcharaporn Pagdee
Economic Value of Carbon Storage in Forest Trees: An Ecosystem
Service from Dry Dipterocarp Forest at Khon Kaen University,
ThailandNarongchai Namkort, Natchanon Thiratanaboon, andAdcharaporn Pagdee
Factors Relating to the Ecological Footprint of Students at Khon Kaen
University, Thailand
Chonrada Koonsrimak, Kanphitcha Janphitcha, andAdcharaporn Pagdee
Environmental Factors Relating to Tree Selection for Nesting ofGreen Tree Ants (Oecophylla smaragdina) on Khon Kaen University
CampusPatompong Singtong and Adcharaporn Pagdee
Evaluation of Salt-affected Farmland by Different Sensing Methods
Tadao Yamamoto, Takashi Kume, Katsuyuki Shimizu, andChuleemas Boonthai Iwai
Predicting the Water Vapor Movement in Unsaturated Soil
Sunny Eng Giap Goh, Khairul Ikhwan Mohd Jamalludin, andMohammad Fadhli Ahmad

36

37

38
39

40

41

42

43

44
45

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)45

ESD-15-01

High Entrepreneurial Intention Among Agricultural Students inAdverse Business Environment: Findings from a Cross-sectional
Study in Haiti
Rival Valcin, Tomohiro Uchiyama, Absalon Pierre, and
Bénédique Paul

IV

46

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

46

ESD-15-02

47

ESD-15-03

48

ESD-15-05

49

ESD-15-06

50

ESD-15-10

Land Use Changes and Deforestation Causes in the Last 30 Years
using Satellite Images in the Municipality of Cobija, Province ofPando, Bolivian Amazonia
Juan Uego Perez and Machito Mihara
Factors Influencing the Accounting for Biological Assets: The Case of
Selected Agritourism Farms in the Philippines
Hanna D. Miranda-Quibot and Yasuo Ohe
Characterization of Liming Materials Derived from Apple Snail Shell
BiocharKasamaporn Kaewprom, Pancheewan Ponpang-Nga, andPraphat Kawicha
Effects of Forest Environmental Education on Awareness andAttitudes of Local Students in Relation to Tree Survival Rate – Caseof School Greening Activity in Cambodia
Keiko Aoki, Kumiko Kawabe, Santa Pandit, and Machito
MiharaGeographic Features, Ecosystems Quality and Human Well-Being as
Indicators of Sustainability of the Island-Barangays of Bohol
Bernabe M. Mijares Jr

47

48
49

50

51

Infrastructural Systems (IS)51

IS-15-01

Evaluation of Flood Peak Cut Effect Through Paddy Field Dam asGreen Infrastructure in Toyama Prefecture in Japan
Koshi Yoshida, Keigo Noda, and Taichi Tebakari

52

Rural Development (RD)52

RD-15-02

53

RD-15-04

54

RD-15-06

55

RD-15-07

56

RD-15-08

57

RD-15-10

Costs and Returns from Black Soldier Fly Farming as an Alternative
Protein Source in Animal Feed for Small-scale Farmers in Thailand
Yardroong Mawongwai, Yupa Hanboonsong, and Yaowarat
Sriwaranun
Innovative Shareholding Arrangements for Producer Groups
Providing Machinery or Marketing Services to Smallholders
Randel Esnarda, Michael Charles Lynea, Kevin Old, and Ani
Kartikasari
Farmers’ Perspectives on Ecosystem Services Provided by TreeWindbreak System in Ovche Pole Region, Macedonia
Ognen Onchevski and Machito Mihara
Assessing Locals’ Perceptions on the Environmental, Economic, andSocio-Cultural Impacts of Agritourism Versus Conventional Farmingin Tanzania
Issa Abrahaman Kachenje and Yasuo Ohe
Economic Analysis of Rice Yield: Insights from IADA Barat LautSelangor, Malaysia
Rika Terano, Nurul Nadia Ramli, Juwaidah Sharifuddin, andFazlin Ali
Prospects of Nutmeg Industry Development in North Maluku,
Indonesia
Riskina Juwita and Siti Jahroh

V

53

54

55
56

57

58

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

58

RD-15-15

Living with Salt: A Social History of Salt-affected Area in Khon Kaen,
Thailand
Fumikazu Ubukata, Hirotaka Matsuda, Chuleemas Boonthai
Iwai, Takashi Kume, and Tadao Yamamoto59
RD-15-16
The Impact of Adopting the Alternate Wetting and Drying Technology
on the Technical Efficiency of Rice Production in Suphan Buri
Province
Benjamas Jangjaidee and Thanaporn Athipanyakul
60
RD-15-18
Changes in the Evaluation of Rural Landscape Before and After
Farmland Improvement
Yamaji Eiji and Nishiwaki Shoko
61
RD-15-19
Herder’s Willingness to Inherit Grassland Animal Husbandry
Production and Its Influencing Factors
Ping Li and Ruiyao Zhang
62
RD-15-22
Factors Affecting the Use of Trichoderma spp. in Rice Fields ofFarmers in Phitsanulok Province
Seerasarn Nareerut and Parichad Tarbud
63
RD-15-26
The Consumption Smoothing of Rural Households in Developing
Country Under the Threaten of Climate Change and Salt Damage: A
Case in North-Eastern Part of Thailand
Hirotaka Matsuda, Fumikazu Ubukata, Chuleemas Boonthai
Iwai, Takashi Kume, and Tadao Yamamoto
Abstracts of Poster Presentation

59

60

61
62
63
64

Agricultural System and Food Innovation (AG)64

AG-15-0265

AG-15-05

66

AG-15-07

67

AG-15-08

68

AG-15-09

69

AG-15-1170

AG-15-13

Determine and Assess the Organic Fertilizer Production in
Xiengkhouang Province, Lao PDR
Sisavath Phimmasone, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai, Hoa Tran
Quoc, and Pascal Lienhard
Decadal Change of the Planting Date and Planted Area of Rainfed
Rice Cultivation in Northeast Thailand
Hiroki Oda and Koshi Yoshida
The Value Addition of Thai Traditional Food and Beverage for Healthy
from Sacred Lotus Towards Green Products
Natsima Tokhun, Weerawat Ounsaneha, Kanokwan
Punaaterkoon,
Phatsara
Wongsudee,
Rattanapon
Puttaponthip, and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai
The Effect of Different Levels of Potassium on Nutrient Content in
Cherry Tomato Fruit Grows Under Hydroponic System
Kanokporn Manantapong, Anongnat Sriprachote, Rattaphol
Kraiklang, Sirirat Anutrakulchai, and Pornthiwa Kanyawongha
Relationships Between Soil Characteristics and Brewing Grape
Quality in Katsunuma, Yamanashi Prefecture, JapanAi Kurihara and Machito Mihara
Comparison of Useful Components of Red Swamp Crayfish(Procambarus clarkii) and Signal Crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus)
Saki Higuchi, Akira Kurosawa, Toshihiro Suzuki,
Keiko Tanahashi, and Kouji Takeda
The Green Infrastructure Supporting Circular Economy in Semiurban Tokyo: A Holistic Analysis
VI

66

67
68

69

70
71

72

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

71

AG-15-23

72

AG-15-25

73

AG-15-28

74

AG-15-30

75

AG-15-31

76

AG-15-32

77

AG-15-35

78

AG-15-42

79

AG-15-43

80

AG-15-45

81

AG-15-46

82

AG-15-47

83

AG-15-51

Ivana Angelova
Effect of Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation on Nitrogen Uptake
and Water Consumption in Rice Paddy Farming
Kiseki Kurashina, Maskey Sarvesh, Takahiko Nakamura, andHiromu Okazawa
Method Validation for Determination of Cadmium and Lead Content
in Herbs (Plai and Turmeric) by Using a Simple Sample Extraction
MethodNattira Kleawklaharn and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai
Evaluation of Soil Ecosystem Services in Terms of Water Storage andSoil Fertility in Different Land Use of Northeast Thailand
Jutatad Rattanapong and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai
Accessibility to Small Credit Amongst Small Scale Farmers: A Case
Study in Morogoro Region, Tanzania
Sabra Yusuf Abdallah, Machito Mihara, and Rika Terano
Guidelines for Pesticide Risk Management at the Community Level inNortheast Thailand
Jarupong Prasopsuk, Watcharaporn Srisawangwong,
Papatsorn Seelarak, Natchayathon Khattiyaphutthimet, Malisa
Wetchayanon, and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai
Estimating Leaf Area Index of Cassava Plantation Using UAV Imagery
Pengkheang Mol, Hor Sanara, Pok Sophak, and Chea Chetha
Effect of LED Lighting on Vitamin C and Phenols in Ethiopian Kale
Microgreens
Ruth Nyambura Maru, John Wesonga, Dickson Mazibuko,
Satoko Akiyama, Ayako Sekiyama, Shotaro Kawakami,
Sarvesh Maskey, Agnes Kavoo, Johnstone Neondo, andHiromu Okazawa
Transfer of Producing Fermented Bio-Extract Method from
Fermented Fish by Product for Using in Organic Vegetables
Cultivation to Smallholder Farmers in Northeastern Thailand
Supaporn Pluangchompoo, Keattichai Montreewong, andAnan Polthanee
Transfer Optimizing Use of Nutrients for Increasing Cassava Yield
and Net Income to Smallholder Farmers in Northeastern Thailand
Supaporn Pluangchompoo, Keattichai Montreewong, andAnan Polthanee
Diversity of Insect Pollinators at the Conservation area of
Chaiyaphum Province in the Northeastern Thailand
Duangrat Thongphak and Ubon Tangkawanit
The Influence of Copper and Cadmium Combined Pollution in Soil on
Growth, Yield, and Copper and Cadmium Uptake of Soybean
Choichi Sasaki, Chihiro Kato, Nobuhiko Matsuyama, Takeyuki
Annaka, and Kiichi Sasaki
Functional Ingredients and Antioxidant Effect of Planchonella obovata
Products in Cambodia
Sothea Kong, Chim Chay, Hiroyuki Hattori, Samnang Nguon,
and Kasumi Ito
Designing the Future: How Business Model Innovations Drive
Sustainable Food Systems

VII

73

74

75
76
77

78
79

80

81

82
83

84

85

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

Islam Mohamed Kamel, Fadi Abdelradi, Victor Shaker, Hamid
El Bilali, and Sinisa Berjan
Environmental Management (EM)84

EM-15-02

85

EM-15-04

86

EM-15-05

87

EM-15-06

88

EM-15-07

89

EM-15-08

90

EM-15-09

91

EM-15-10

92

EM-15-11

93

EM-15-19

94

EM-15-20

95

EM-15-22

Impact of Ruzi Dissemination Characteristic on Land Use Change in
Xiengkhoung Province, Lao PDR
Soulikone Chaivanhna, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai, and Pascal
Lienhard
Soil Biota, Soil Biological Activity and Soil Carbon Storage in Different
Land Uses in Northeast Thailand
Yarapon Puttakot, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai, and Anan
Wongcharoen
Investigating the Potential of Azolla microphylla on Wastewater
Treatment and Carbon Sequestration
Nyein Nyein and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai
Determination of the Factors Affecting the Performances of Sediment
Microbial Fuel Cells by Long-term Electricity Generation Using Lactic
Acid Bacteria-attached Electrodes
Narong Touch and Tadashi Hibino
Design of a Two-chamber Microbial Fuel Cell Without a Proton
Exchange Membrane for Electricity Generation from Food Wastes
Narong Touch and Xiao Xiao
Impact of Street Tree Management on the Plants Colonizing Street
Tree Bases in an Urban Environment
Masaaki Furuno, Taizo Uchida, Xue Jun Huan, Daisuke
Hayasaka, and Teruo Arase
Ecotoxicology of Microplastics Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) in
Soil on Earthworms (Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugeniae)
Laddawan Upakhot and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai
Sustainability Initiatives in the Wood Processing Industry: Studying
the Possibility of Utilizing Sawdust in the Production of Myceliumbased Biocomposites to Develop Circular Material
Thana Teeraphantuvat, Kritsana Jatuwong, Saisamorn
Lumyong, and Worawoot Aiduang
Co-digestion of Ensiled Napier Grass and Commercial Bakery
Wastewater for Bioenergy Production
Natagarn Tongphanpharn, Montip Jankaew, and Natsima
TokhanEvaluation of Soil Micronutrient Status Across Selected Land Use
Types in Chembe Enclaved Village of Lake Malawi National Park
Placid Mpeketula, Dickson Mazibuko, Sarvesh Maskey Hiroko
Gono, and Hiromu Okazawa
Soil Carbon Sequestration and Soil Chemical Properties in Different
Land Uses in Northeast Thailand
Saharatkarin Namse, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai, andThammared Chuasavathi
Effect of Tannery Sludge on Plants Germination
Yoseph Junedi Nuwa Dhuge Poa and Chuleemas Boonthai
Iwai

VIII

86

87

88
89

90
91

92
93

94

95

96

97

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

96

EM-15-26

97

EM-15-27

98

EM-15-32

99

EM-15-33

100

EM-15-35

101

EM-15-42

102

EM-15-45

103

EM-15-48

Comparison of Macroinvertebrate Assemblages between MountainStrem Constructions and Natural Streams
Tetsuya Shimamura, Ryosuke Tsuji, Masaki Hamaguchi,
Kyosuke Ino, and Eri Nabeshima
Evaluation of the Effect of Wood Chips and Green Manure as an
Amendment for Improvement of Soil Physical Characteristics
Takanori Kaneko, Yuka Oguma, and Tomonori Fujikawa
Density Estimation of Deer Population using Random Encounter
Model (REM) at Oze Wetland in Japan
Tadanobu Okumura, Kazuo Oki, and Masayasu Maki
Detecting the Impact of Water Resource Development on Flow
Regime in the Mekong River Basin
Takumi Shimura and Taichi Tebakari
Evaluating the Performance of Managed Aquifer Recharge for
Sustainable Shallow Groundwater Resources in Prachinburi
Province, Thailand
Kewaree Pholkern, Phayom Saraphirom, Thanyaporn
Prommarach, Rattaweep Aksornklang, and Arunya Luepradit
Development of ICP-MS Methodology for the Direct Strontium
Isotope Ratio Analysis in Water and Its Application in Water Resource
Management
Madeleine Farrell and Tatiana Komarova
Characteristics of Wastewater from Some Pig Farms in Laos
Kengkham Sandkhamlue and Santi Kongmany
Urban Green Development in Siem Reap Town, Siem Reap Province:
Case Study on Public SpaceSokhieng Chee, Yin Chan Eng, Sophak Pok, Thapkonin
Chhoengsan, and Sanara Hor

98

99
100
101
102

103

104
105

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)104

ESD-15-04

105

ESD-15-07

106

ESD-15-08

107

ESD-15-09

Effectiveness of Hygiene Educational Training for Pre-SchoolStudents in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Sophorlkun Yim, Salyta Chamruen, Phanna Ly, Rathna Hor,
Sunduk Cho, and Eunjin Kang
Organic Farmers Adopt Bio-Circular-Green Economy (BCG) in
Agriculture for Food Safety and Environmental Sustainability
Jiraphon Choeichit, Waraphon Wongsiriwan, and Chuleemas
Boonthai Iwai
The Characteristics of Young Smart Farmer in Agricultural
Development of Northeast Thailand
Supaporn Poungchompu, Supawadee Chantanop, andKeattichai Montreewong
Determinants of Reluctance: An In-Depth Analysis of Factors
Influencing Cold Water Fish Farmers' Unwillingness to Adopt
Agricultural Product Insurance in Guilan Province in Iran
Mohammadali Ghazi, Mohammad S. Allahyari, Sinisa Berjan,
and Tarek Ben Hassan

Rural Development (RD)

IX

106

107

108

109

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

108

RD-15-03

109

RD-15-09

110

RD-15-11

111

RD-15-12

112

RD-15-14

113

RD-15-25

Dispersion Approach to Make Matrix of Nanocellulose-Reinforced
Polylactic Acid Biocomposites for Food Packaging Materials
Yut Sovanndy, Dyna Theng, Chim Chay, Mouylin Chem,
Chhengven Chhoem, and Marc Delgado-Aguilar
Development Directions and Challenges of Climate Change Measuresin Paddy Agriculture in Southeast Asia
Hiromichi Kitada, Taro Izumi, Sarvesh Maskey, and Hiromu
Okazawa
Changes of Local Government Expectations for Local Vitalization
Cooperators in Japan
Tomoyuki Ohashi, Yoshiki Kuwabara, and Masahide Hayashi
Implications of the Transition from Subsistence to Cash Crops on the
Livelihood of Soliga Tribe in India
Iman Raj Chongtham, Sneha Shahi, Madegowda
Chikkananjegouda, Obaiah Boraiah, and Shrinivas M Badiger
Determinants Influencing Technology Adoption among Vegetable
Producers in Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia
Chhun Hong, Buntong Borarin, Serey Mardy, Sao Vibol, Chan
Bunyeth, Tum Saravuth, and Chun Nimul
Evaluate the Local Livelihood of Upland Farmers in Northwestern
Cambodia Through the Livelihood Asset Approach
Dyna Chin, Hitoshi Shinjo, Soksan Seng, Sophak Pok, LyhourHin, Nuch Sek, and Sanara Hor

X

110

111

112
113

114

115

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

Managing Committee and ChairmanshipManaging Committee
President of ISERD
Deputy Presidents of ISERD

Prof. Dr. Mario T. TabucanonProf. Dr. Bunthan Ngo, Prof. Dr. Anan Polthanee,
Prof. Dr. Eiji Yamaji

Chair of Organizing and Steering Committee
Chair of Scientific Committee
Chair of Awarding Committee
ORAL PRESENTATION
Session 1
Room 1Chair
Dr. Rika Terano

Room 2Chair

Co-chairCo-chairDr. Supaporn
Poungchompu

Session 2
Room 1
Chair
Prof. Dr. Fumkazu
Ubukata
Co-chair Dr. Kasumi Ito

Room 2Chair
Co-chair

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai
Prof. Dr. Machito Mihara
Prof. Dr. Eiji Yamaji

Room 3
Chair

Prof. Dr. Barry
NollerDr. Adcharaporn
PakdeeCo-chairRoom 3
Chair

Prof. Dr. Anan
Polthanee
Dr. Hor Sanara

Co-chairDr.ChristianHartmann
Dr. Kewaree
Pholkern

Dr. Narong Touch
Dr. Santi
Kongmany

Room 4Chair

Dr. Lalita Siriwattananon

Co-chairDr. Koki Homma

Room 4
Chair

Dr. Takashi Kume

Co-chairDr. Naoko Oka

Session 3
Room 1Chair

Dr. Borarin Buntong

Room 2Chair

Co-chairDr. Raj Chongtham

Co-chairRoom 3Chair

Dr. Sarvesh Maskey
Dr. Jeeranuch
Sakdaduang

Co-chair

XI

Dr.Tarek Ben
HassenProf. Dr. Ping Li

Room 4Chair
Co-chairDr. Anucha WittayakornPuripunpinyoo
Prof. Dr. Choichi Sasaki

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

POSTER PRESENTATIONAGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS 1
Co-Chairs
Co-Chairs
Co-Chairs

Dr. Yoshimi Osawa
Dr. Panupon Hongpakdee
Dr. Riskina Juwita
AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS 2

Co-Chairs

Prof. Dr. Koshi Yoshida

Co-Chairs

Prof. Dr. Kazuo Oki
Dr. Tetsuya Shimamura

Co-Chairs

Dr.Thammared Chuasavathi

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 1
Co-Chairs
Co-Chairs
Co-Chairs

Dr. Tadao Yamamoto
Dr. Ivana Angelova
Dr.Sunny Eng Giap Goh
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2

Co-Chairs

Dr.Bernard Mijares

Co-Chairs
Co-Chairs

Dr. Natsima Tokhun
Dr. Somara Oum

Co-Chairs
Co-Chairs
Co-Chairs

ESD and RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Prof. Dr. Mario T. Tabucanon
Dr. Kailert Taweekul
Dr. Thanaporn Athipanyaku

XII

15th ICERD General Program
8th March 2024, Friday (at Bayasita KKU Hotel)
Bayasita KKU Hotel
Address: 123 Mu 16 Thanon Mittraphap, Nai Mueang, Mueang Khon Kaen District, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand

15:00 - 18:00

Registration of the conference at Bayasita KKU Hotel in Khon Kaen

15:00 – 16:30

The 15th ISERD Council Meeting at Choem Khwan Room of Bayasita KKU Hotel

16:30 – 17:00

Steering Committee Meeting of 15th ICERD with ISERD Councilors

17:00 - 19:00

Welcome Reception at Khoom Khwan courtyard of Bayasita KKU Hotel[Google maps link]

9th March 2024, Saturday (at Avani Khon Kaen Hotel & Convention Centre)
Avani Khon Kaen Hotel & Convention Centre
Address: Mu 4 999 Thanon Prachasamoson, Mueang Khon Kaen District, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand

08:00 – 16:30

Registration of Participants at Avani Khon Kaen Hotel & Convention Centre

08:30 – 10:00

Opening Ceremony

10:00 - 10:30

Poster Presentation and Coffee-Tea Break

10:30 - 12:00

Scientific Program - Session 1

12:00 - 13:00

Lunch Time

13:00 - 14:30

Scientific Program - Session 2

14:30 - 15:00

Poster Presentation and Coffee-Tea Break

15:00 - 16:30

Scientific Program - Session 3

17:00 - 20:00

Banquet and Awarding Ceremony[Google maps link]

10th March 2024, Sunday (from Avani Khon Kaen Hotel & Convention Centre)
Avani Khon Kaen Hotel & Convention Centre
Address: Mu 4 999 Thanon Prachasamoson, Mueang Khon Kaen District, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand

08:00 – 16:00

Excursion Option 1 (Gathering in front of Avani Hotel at 7:30 )XIII[Google maps link]15th ICERD Scientific Program
Opening Ceremony
8:30 - 8:35 Welcome Remarks from Khon Kaen

University
8:35 - 8:50 Welcome Remarks from ISERD

Master of Ceremony: Associate Professor Dr. Adcharaporn Pagdee. Head of Department of Environmental Science. Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University
Associate Professor Dr.Darunee Jothityangkoon
Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University
Professor Dr. Mario T. Tabucanon
ISERD President / Professor Emeritus at Asian Institute of Technology /Senior Visiting Professor at the United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability

8:50 - 8.55 Reports from the Chair of the 15th ICERD Assoc. Professor Dr. Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

Organizing Committee

8:30-10:00

8:55 - 9.00 Opening Remarks

9:00 - 9:15 Introduction about ISERD Awards

9:15 - 9:30 Messages from ISERD Councilors

9:30 - 9:45 Keynote presentation

9:45 - 10:00 Keynote presentation

ISERD Deputy President / Associate Professor at Khon Kaen University /Director at Integrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center in Northeast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Assoc. Prof. Charnchai Panthongviriyakul, M.D.
President of Khon Kaen University
Professor Dr. Eiji Yamaji
ISERD Deputy President / Professor Emeritus at the University of Tokyo /Director (Research) at the Institute of Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation, Japan
Professor Dr. Machito Mihara
ISERD Executive Secretary / Director, Professor at the Center for Global Initiatives, Tokyo University of Agriculture /President at the Institute of Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation, Japan
Associate Professor Dr.Darunee Jothityangkoon
Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University
Presentation title : Bio-Circrlar-Green(BCG) Economy (BCG in action at KKU) : Pathways to a Sustainable Future
Professor Yoshiko Tanahashi
ISERD Managing Editor (Advisor) / Professor at Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
Presentation title: Citation Analysis on International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development 2010-2023

10:00-16:30

Scientific Session
10:00-16:30 Poster Presentations

All posters are exhibited in the conference hall (10:00-10:30, 14:30-15:00 Poster Presentation time)

10:30-12:00 Oral presentations - Session 1

Please see following pages for Oral Presentation Program

13:00-15:00 Oral presentations - Session 2

Please see following pages for Oral Presentation Program

15:30-16:30 Oral presentations - Session 3

Please see following pages for Oral Presentation Program

Banquet and Awarding Ceremony
17:00

17:00-20:00

18:45-19:00

DinnerAwarding Ceremony for ERECON Awards
with the acknowledgement of ISERDFor Scientific Award of Environmental Agriculture: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kasumi Ito
For Award of Global Greening: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kasumi Ito

19:00-19:45

Awarding ceremony for ISERD Awards

For Award of Excellent Paper: Prof. Dr. Eiji Yamaji
For Award of Excellent Poster Presentation: Prof. Dr. Dieter Trautz
For Award of Sustainability Promotion: Prof.Dr.Barry Noller
For Award of Outstanding Scientific Achievement: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

19:45-20:00

Invitation to NEXT ICERD

XIV

Oral Presentations : Session 1
Room 1Room 2

Room 3

Room 4Chair

Dr. Rika Terano

Chair

Prof. Dr. Barry Noller

Chair

Dr. Christian Hartmann

Chair

Dr. Lalita Siriwattananon

Co-chairDr. Supaporn Poungchompu

Co-chairDr. Adcharaporn Pagdee

Co-chairDr. Kewaree Pholkern

Co-chairDr. Koki Homma

Title
Ecotourism in Southeast Asia: A Systematic
Review of Ecotourism Activities and Factors
Determining Tourists' Willingness to Pay for
Ecosystem and Biodiversity Protection
Desvia Norita Angelina and Adcharaporn
PagdeeCode
AG-15-19

Title
Sustainability Transition to Organic
Agriculture in Kosovo: A Case Study ofOrganic Beekeeping
Arnita Veliu, Ekrem Gjokaj, Hamid El Bilali
and Tarek Ben Hassen

Code
RD-15-15

Title
Living with Salt: A Social History of Saltaffected Area in Khon Kaen, Thailand
Fumikazu Ubukata, Hirotaka Matsuda,
Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai, Takashi Kume
and Tadao Yamamoto

Code
RD-15-10

Title
Prospects of Nutmeg Industry Developmentin North Maluku, Indonesia
Riskina Juwita and Siti Jahroh

10:45-11:00

ESD-15-03 Factors Influencing the Accounting for
Biological Assets: The Case of Selected
Agritourism Farms in the Philippines
Hanna D.Miranda-Quibot and Yasuo Ohe

EM-15-14

The Bio Circular Dairy Farming Model of ThaiDanish Dairy Cooperatives Lam Phaya Klang
Limited, Saraburi Province, Thailand
Anucha Wittayakorn-Puripunpinyoo

EM-15-44

Evaluation of Salt-affected Farmland byDifferent Sensing Methods
Tadao Yamamoto, Takashi Kume, Katsuyuki
Shimizu and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

AG-15-48

Recent Trends in Consumption of Traditional
Fermented Foods in Cambodia
Sothea Kong, Hisako Nomura, Tamon Baba,
Hiroyuki Hattori, Samnang Nguon andKasumi Ito

11:00-11:15

RD-15-07

Assessing Locals’ Perceptions on theEnvironmental, Economic, and Socio-Cultural
Impacts of Agritourism Versus Conventional
Farming in Tanzania
Issa Abrahaman Kachenje and Yasuo Ohe

AG-15-24

Agroecological Performance of Market
Gardens Located in Southern Sweden
Iman Raj Chongtham and Mathilda
Hakansson

AG-15-26

Development of the Biological Salt Utilization
System for Management of Saline
Agricultural Field in Khon Kaen, Thailand
Takashi Kume, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai,
Tadao Yamamoto, Katsuyuki Shimizu,
Fumikazu Ubukata and Hirotaka Matsuda

RD-15-02

Costs and Returns from Black Soldier Fly
Farming as an Alternative Protein Source inAnimal Feed for Small-scale Farmers in
ThailandYardroong Mawongwai, Yupa Hanboonsong
and Yaowarat Sriwaranun

11:15-11:30

EM-15-01

People - Peatland Interconnections: Socioeconomic Determinants of Local Livelihoods
Underlying Effective Peatland Protection in
Riau, Indonesia
Mohammad Yunus and Adcharaporn Pagdee

AG-15-17

Evaluation of Agroecological Performance
Under Geographical Aspect and Agroecology
Transition Levels in Battambang Province,
Northwest of Cambodia
Theara Mao, Sorith Hou, Samnang Ngoun,
Lucie Reynaud, Sovann Pat, Rada Kong,
Veng Sar, Guillemette Arminjon and Agnès
Colbe

AG-15-10

Complementarity of Physical and Biological
Analyses to Qualify Soils in a Gradient of Usein a Tropical Context
Emilie Peiffer, Yarapon Puttakot, SébastienFranceschini, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai and
Aurore Degré

AG-15-49

Elucidation of the Chemical Structures andAntioxidant Property of Cambodian
Melaleuca Extract
Ravor Seng, Akane Kuroki, Masashi
Kawaguchi, Fumie Nakashima, Takahiro
Shibata and Hiroyuki Hattori

11:30-11:45

AG-15-04

Factors Influencing Adoption of Ecosystem based Adaptation Practices: The Case of
Small-Scale Maize Farming in Morogoro
Region, Tanzania
Upendo Saitabaua Mollel, Katsumori
Hatanakaa, Ramadhona Savillea, and Nina
Shimoguchia

RD-15-19

Herder’s Willingness to Inherit Grassland
Animal Husbandry Production and Its
Influencing Factors
Ping Li and Ruiyao Zhang

AG-15-06

Assessment of Irrigated Soil Quality in Paddy
Fields at Dakawa Irrigation Scheme in
Morogoro, Tanzania
Jimmy Felix Macha and Machito Mihara

ESD-15-05 Characterization of Liming Materials Derived
from Apple Snail Shell Biochar
Kasamaporn Kaewprom, Pancheewan
Pongpang-Nga and Praphat Kawicha

11:45-12:00

RD-15-06

Farmers’ Perspectives on Ecosystem
Services Provided by Tree Windbreak System
in Ovche Pole Region, Macedonia
Ognen Onchevski and Mihara Machito

RD-15-26

The Consumption Smoothing of Rural
Households in Developing Country Under the
Threaten of Climate Change and Salt
Damage: A Case in North-Eastern Part ofThailandHirotaka Matsuda, Fumikazu Ubukata,
Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai, Takashi Kume
and Tadao Yamamoto

AG-15-14

10:30-10:45

12:00-13:00

Code
EM-15-17

Lunch BreakXVComparison on Mechanical Properties of
PCL-Based Fiber Composites Fabricated by
Fused Deposition Modeling and Injection
Molding
Chhengven Chhoem, Dyna Theng, Chim
Chay, Mouylin Chem, Inés Ferrer and Marc
Delgado-AguilaOral Presentations : Session 2
Room 1Room 2

Room 4

Chair

Prof. Dr. Fumkazu Ubukata

ChairProf. Dr. Anan Polthanee

Chair

Dr. Narong Touch

Chair

Dr. Takashi Kume

Co-chairDr. Kasumi Ito

Co-chairDr. Hor Sanara

Co-chairDr. Santi Kongmany

Co-chairDr. Naoko Oka

13:00-13:15

Code
RD-15-04

Title
Innovative Shareholding Arrangements for
Producer Groups Providing Machinery orMarketing Services to Smallholders
Randel Esnard, Michael Charles Lyne, Kevin
Old and Ani Kartikasari

Code
EM-15-29

13:15-13:30

AG-15-18

Entrepreneurial Innovation for Climate
Resilience: Enhancing Food and Water
Security in the MENA Region
Tarek Ben Hassen, Chedli Baya Chatti,
Mahmoud Abdulwahed and Allan Villegas

AG-15-16

13:30-13:45

AG-15-37

Production and Marketing Systems of Crops
Replacing Rubber of Farmers Under the
Production Volume Control Project in Kalasin
Province
Walaipan
Preepradit
andAruneePromkhambut

13:45-14:00

RD-15-08

14:00-14:15

AG-15-12

14:15-14:30

ESD-15-01 High Entrepreneurial Intention Among
Agricultural Students in Adverse Business
Environment: Findings from a Cross-sectional
Study in Haiti
Rival Valcin, Tomohiro Uchiyama, Absalon
Pierre and Bénédique Paul

14:30-15:00

Room 3Code
EM-15-37

Title
Potential of Waste Bank Establishment for
Waste Management at the Faculty of
Science, Khon Kaen University
Takdanai Phansawat, Jinnatam Suebphengand Adcharaporn Pagdee

CodeAG-15-34

Title
Effects of Different Agricultural System
Practices on Soil Erosion Using RUSLE
Model in Ratanak Mondul District,Battambang Province, Cambodia
Sarey Rim, Nareth Nut, Lyhour Hin,
Sophoanrith Ro, Lytour Lor, Sakdanupol
Chan and Machito Mihara

Effect of Using Wastewater from Cassava
Starch Industry for Long-term Napier Grass
Cultivation on Soil Organic Matter and Soil
Fertility
Seksan Kamlamoon and Chuleemas
Boonthai Iwai

EM-15-12

Performance of a Cover Lagoon Digester in
Wastewater Treatments from Mango
Processing
Chan Makara Mean, Lyhour Hin, Meng
Chhay Kim, Buntha Kun, Dyna Theng,
Nareth Nut and Lytour Lor

AG-15-33

Impact of Irrigation Methods on Water
Delivery Performance in Large-scale
Irrigation Scheme in Morocco
Dayyabu Muhammad Zaharaddeen,
Katsuyuki Shimizu, Yuri Yamazaki, Vinay
Nangia, Anas MansouriI, Mohamed
Belaarabi and Lahcen Ousstous

EM-15-03

Application of Soil Amendments as aStrategy for Water Holding Capacity in Sandy
Loam Soil and Grapevine Performance
Mohammad Mirwais Yusufi and Machito
MiharaEM-15-30

Assessing the Efficiency of Different Biogas
Generators in Energy Production andGreenhouse Gas Emissions for Commercial
Pig Farms in Cambodia
Meng Chhay Kim, Lyhour Hin, Chan Makara
Mean, Dyna Theng, Sovanndy Yut, NarethNut, Lytour Lor and Gerald Hitzler

EM-15-18

Long-Term Hydrologic Trend Analysis of
Diamphwe River Basin in Central Malawi
Kenford A. B. Luweya, Lameck Fiwa, Ke
Zhang, Sarvesh Maskey, Hiroko Gono andHiromu Okazawa

Economic Analysis of Rice Yield: Insightsfrom IADA Barat Laut Selangor, Malaysia
Rika Terano, Nurul Nadia Ramli, Juwaidah
Sharifuddin and Ali Fazlin

AG-15-21

Suitability of Using Swine Wastewater for
Generating Biomass of Azolla microphylla
and Application in Vermiculture Enhancing
the BCG Model
Phearun Lay, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai andSophea Nhean

EM-15-28

Evaluation of Chemical Contaminants in
Recycled Water for Firefighting Purposes
Barry Neil Noller

IS-15-01

Evaluation of Flood Peak Cut Effect ThroughPaddy Field Dam as Green Infrastructure in
Toyama Prefecture in Japan
Koshi Yoshida, Keigo Noda and Taichi
Tebakari

Application of Multiple Correspondence and kMeans Cluster Analyses for Tomato
Consumer Behavior
Hettige Samitha Lakshan Gunasekara, Nina
Shimoguchi, Ramadhona Saville, Rika
Terano and Katsumori Hatanaka

AG-15-22

A Multispecies Growth and Yield
Performance Comparison of Vegetables
Cultivated Under Hydroponics Using
Sewerage Wastewater
Dickson M. Mazibuko, Antonio Perez
Fuentes, Kazuha Wakasugi, Sarvesh
Maskey, Takahiko Nakamura and Hiromu
Okazawa

EM-15-13

Recycling of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from
Urban Wastewater Using Calcium-SilicateHydrate (CSH): Case Study in Cambodia
Somara Oum, Narong Touch and Machito
MiharaRD-15-16

The Impact of Adopting the Alternate Wetting
and Drying Technology on the Technical
Efficiency of Rice Production in Suphan Buri
Province
Benjamas Jangjaidee and Thanaporn
Athipanyakul

EM-15-47

Predicting the Water Vapor Movement in
Unsaturated Soil
Sunny Eng Giap Goh, Khairul Ikhwan Mohd
Jamalludin and Mohammad Fadhli Ahmad

Study on Local Awareness and Perception of
Fertilizer Application: A Case Study inAnuradhapura District, Sri Lanka
Arachchillage Buddhika Priyadarshani
Bandara and Machito Mihara

ESD-15-10 Geographic Features, Ecosystems Quality
and Human Well-being as Indicators of
Sustainability of the Island-Barangays of
Bohol
Bernabe M. Mijares Jr.

Coffe-Tea BreakXVIOral Presentations : Session 3
Room 1Room 2

Room 3

Room 4Chair

Dr. Borarin Buntong

Chair

Dr. Sarvesh Maskey

Chair

Dr.Tarek Ben Hassen

Chair

Dr. Anucha Wittayakorn-Puripunpinyoo

Co-chairDr. Raj Chongtham

Co-chairDr. Jeeranuch Sakdaduang

Co-chairProf. Dr. Ping Li

Co-chairProf. Dr. Choichi Sasaki

Title
A New Cultivation Method for Speeding up
the Fruiting Body Formation of Oyster
Mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél)
Orlavanh Xayavong, Worawoot Aiduang,
Kritsana Jatueong and Saisamorn Lumyong

Code
EM-15-31

Title
Detecting and Tracking the Positions of Deer
Using Sound Recordings at Ozegahara
Wetland in 2023
Kazuo Oki, Masayasu Maki, Tadanobu
Okumura, Masahiro Onishi, Salem Ibrahim
Salem and Sakae Shirayama

Code
Title
ESD-15-02 Land Use Changes and Deforestation Causesin the Last 30 Years using Satellite Images in
the Municipality of Cobija, Province ofPando, Bolivian Amazonia
Uego Perez Juan and Machito Mihara

Code
Title
ESD-15-06 Effects of Forest Environmental Education on
Awareness and Attitudes of Local Students in
Relation to Tree Survival Rate - Case of
School Greening Activity in Cambodia
Keiko Aoki, Kumiko Kawabe, Santa Pandit
and Machito Mihara

AG-15-03

Enhancing Plant Growth Using a 6 V Solar
Cell–Powered Electrokinetic Treatment
Narong Touch and Takahiko Nakamura

EM-15-41

Environmental Factors Relating to Tree
Selection for Nesting of Green Tree Ants
(Oecophylla smaragdina ) on Khon Kaen
University Campus
Patompong Singtong and Adcharaporn
PagdeeEM-15-39

Economic Value of Carbon Storage in Forest
Trees: An Ecosystem Service from Dry
Dipterocarp Forest at Khon Kaen University,
ThailandNarongchaiNamkort,Natchanon
Thiratanaboon and Adcharaporn Pagdee

EM-15-40

Factors Relating to the Ecological Footprintof Students at Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Chonrada
Koonsrimak,
Kanphitcha
Janphitcha, and Adcharaporn Pagdee

15:30-15:45

AG-15-27

Plant Growth and Fruit Quality of Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum ) Using Advanced
Treated Water in Hydroponics
Antonio Perez Fuentes, Kazuha Wakasugi,
Sarvesh Maskey, Dickson M. Mazibuko,
Takahiko Nakamura, Hiroyuki Oshima, Taku
Kato, Ayako Sekiayma and Hiromu Okazawa

EM-15-36

Environmental Factors Relating to Termite
Mound Distribution in Dry Dipterocarp Foreston the Khon Kaen University Campus
Phoorit Leelam, Araya Panomkhet andAdcharaporn Pagdee

EM-15-21

Population Assessment of Agarwood(Aquilaria sp.) on Leyte Island
Lorraine Cristy E. Ceniza, Jimmy O. Pogosa,
Marlito M. Bande and Suzette B. Lina

EM-15-25

Preliminary Survey on Farmers' Perceptionsof Environmental Protection in Okinawa
Prefecture, Japan
Naoko Oka and Toshihiko Anzai

15:45-16:00

AG-15-36

Recent Expansion and Future Perspectives of
Direct Seeding in Miyagi Prefecture in Japan
Hiroei Kanno and Koki Homma

AG-15-44

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis Disease andLumpy Skin Disease on Cattles at Svay Rieng
and Prey Veng Province, Cambodia
Khoeun Sokun, Kong Saroeun, Bun Chan,
Ren Theary, Ith Manay, Chan Bunyeth, Lay
Hort, Hin Lyhour and Theng Kouch

EM-15-38

Relationships Between Undergrowth Floraand Canopy Gap at Dry Dipterocarp Forest in
Khon Kaen University
Kanchana
Chaengphai,
MaengporSonmanee, and Adcharaporn Pagdee

RD-15-18

Changes in the Evaluation of Rural
Landscape Before and After Farmland
Improvement
Eiji Yamaji and Shoko Nishiwaki

16:00-16:15

RD-15-22

Factors Affecting the Use of Trichoderma
spp. in Rice Fields of Farmers in Phitsanulok
Province
Seerasarn Nareerut and Parichad Tarbud

15:00-15:15

AG-15-01

15:15-15:30

XVII

Poster Preseantations
Chair: Prof. Dr. Dieter Trautz

AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS 1
Co-Chairs

Dr. Yoshimi Osawa, Dr. Panupon Hongpakdee and Dr. Riskina Juwita

AG-15-02

Determine and Assess the Organic Fertilizer Production in Xiengkhouang Province, Lao PDR
Sisavath Phimmasone, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai , Hoa Tran Quoc and Pascal Lienhard

AG-15-05

Decadal Change of the Planting Date and Planted Area of Rainfed Rice Cultivation in Northeast
Thailand
Hiroki Oda and Koshi Yoshida

AG-15-07

The Value Addition of Thai Traditional Food and Beverage for Healthy from Sacred Lotus
towards Green Products
Natsima Tokhun, Weerawat Ounsaneha, Kanokwan Punaaterkoon, Phatsara Wongsudee,
Rattanapon Puttaponthip and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

AG-15-08

The Effect of Different Levels of Potassium on Nutrient Content in Cherry Tomato Fruit Grows
Under Hydroponic System
Kanokporn Manantapong, Anongnat Sriprachote, Rattaphol Kraiklang, Sirirat Anutrakulchai
and Pornthiwa Kanyawongha

AG-15-09

Relationships Between Soil Characteristics and Brewing Grape Quality in Katsunuma, Yamanashi
Prefecture, JapanAi Kurihara and Machito Mihara

AG-15-11

Comparison of Useful Components of Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii ) and Signal
Crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus )Saki Higuchi, Akira Kurosawa, Toshihiro Suzuki, Keiko Tanahashi and Kouji Takeda

AG-15-13

The Green Infrastructure Supporting Circular Economy in Semi-urban Tokyo: A Holistic Analysis
Ivana Angelova

AG-15-23

Effect of Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation on Nitrogen Uptake and Water Consumption in
Rice Paddy Farming
Kiseki Kurashina, Maskey Sarvesh, Takahiko Nakamura and Hiromu Okazawa

AG-15-25

Method Validation for Determination of Cadmium and Lead Content in Herbs (Plai and Turmeric)by Using a Simple Sample Extraction Method
Nattira Kleawklaharn and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

AG-15-28

Evaluation Value of Soil Ecosystem Services in Terms of Water Storage and Soil Fertility in
Different Land Use Northeast Thailand
Jutatad Rattanapong and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SYSTEMS 2
Co-Chairs

Prof. Dr. Koshi Yoshida, Prof. Dr. Kazuo Oki, Dr.Thammared Chuasavathi and Dr. Tetsuya
Shimamura

AG-15-30

Accessibility to Small Credit Amongst Small Scale Farmers: A Case Study in Morogoro Region,
Tanzania
Sabra Yusuf Abdallah, Machito Mihara and Rika Terano

XVIII

AG-15-31

Guidelines for Pesticide Risk Management at the Community Level in Northeast Thailand
Jarupong Prasopsuk, Watcharaporn Srisawangwong, Papatsorn Seelarak, Natchayathon
Khattiyaphutthimet and Malisa Wetchayanon

AG-15-32

Estimating Leaf Area Index of Cassava Plantation Using UAV Imagery
Pengkheang Mol, Sanara Hor, Sophak Pok and Chetha Chea

AG-15-35

Effect of LED Lighting on Vitamin C and Phenols in Ethiopian Kale Microgreens
Ruth Nyambura Maru, John Wesonga, Dickson Mazibuko, Satoko Akiyama, Ayako Sekiyama,
Shotaro Kawakami, Sarvesh Maskey, Agnes Kavoo, Johnstone Neondo and Hiromu Okazawa

AG-15-42

Transfer of Producing Fermented Bio-Extract Method from Fermented Fish by Product for Usingin Organic Vegetables Cultivation to Smallholder Farmers in Northeastern Thailand
Supaporn Poungchompu, Keattichai Montreewong and Anan Polthanee

AG-15-43

Transfer Optimizing Use of Nutrients for Increasing Cassava Yield and Net Income to
Smallholder Farmers in Northeastern Thailand
Supaporn Poungchompu, Keattichai Montreewong and Anan Polthanee

AG-15-45

Diversity of Insect Pollinators at the Conservation area of Chaiyaphum Province in the
Northeastern Thailand
Duangrat Thongphak and Ubon Tangkawanit

AG-15-46

The Influence of Copper and Cadmium Combined Pollution in Soil on Growth, Yield, and Copper
and Cadmium Uptake of Soybean
Choichi Sasaki, Chihiro Kato, Nobuhiko Matsuyama, Takeyuki Annaka and Kiichi Sasaki

AG-15-47

Functional Ingredients and Antioxidant Effect of Planchonella Obovata Products in Cambodia
Sothea Kong, Chim Chay, Hiroyuki Hattori, Samnang Nguon and Kasumi Ito

AG-15-51

Designing the Future: How Business Model Innovations Drive Sustainable Food Systems
Islam Mohamed Kamel, Fadi Abdelradi, Victor Shaker, Hamid El Bilali and Sinisa Berjan

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 1
Co-Chairs

Dr. Tadao Yamamoto, Dr. Ivana Angelova and Dr. Sunny Eng Giap Goh

EM-15-02

Impact of Ruzi Dissemination Characteristic on Land Use Change in Xiengkhoung Province, Lao
PDRSoulikone Chaivanhna, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai and Pascal Lienhard

EM-15-04

Soil Biota, Soil Biological Activity and Soil Carbon Storage in Different Land Uses in Northeast
ThailandYarapon Puttakot, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai and Anan Wongcharoen

EM-15-05

Investigating the Potential of Azolla microphylla on Wastewater Treatment from Different
Wastewater Sources
Nyein Nyein and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

EM-15-06

Determination of the Factors Affecting the Performances of Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells by
Long-term Electricity Generation Using Lactic Acid Bacteria-attached Electrodes
Narong Touch and Tadashi Hibino

XIX

EM-15-07

Design of a Two-chamber Microbial Fuel Cell Without a Proton Exchange Membrane forElectricity Generation from Food Wastes
Narong Touch and Xiao Xiao

EM-15-08

Impact of Street Tree Management on the Plants Colonizing Street Tree Bases in an Urban
Environment
Masaaki Furuno, Taizo Uchida, Xue Jun Huan, Daisuke Hayasaka and Teruo Arase

EM-15-09

Ecotoxicology of Microplastics Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) in Soil on Earthworms (Eisenia
foetida and Eudrilus eugeniae )Laddawan Upakhot and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

EM-15-10

Sustainability Initiatives in the Wood Processing Industry: Studying the Possibility of Utilizing
Sawdust in the Production of Mycelium-Based Biocomposites to Develop Circular Material
Thana Teeraphantuvat , Kritsana Jatuwong, Saisamorn Lumyong and Worawoot Aiduang

EM-15-11

Co-digestion of Ensiled Napier Grass and Commercial Bakery Wastewater for Bioenergy
Production
Natagarn Tongphanpharn, Montip Jankaew and Natsima Tokhun

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2
Co-Chairs
EM-15-19

Dr. Bernabe M. Mijares Jr., Dr. Natsima Tokhun and Dr. Somara Oum
Evaluation of Soil Micronutrient Status Across Selected Land use Types in Chembe Enclaved
Village of Lake Malawi National Park
Placid Mpeketula, Dickson Mazibuko, Sarvesh Maskey, Hiroko Gono and Hiromu Okazawa

EM-15-20

Soil Carbon Sequestration and Soil Chemical Properties in Different Land Uses in Northeast
Thailand
Saharatkarin Namse , Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai and Thammared Chuasavathi

EM-15-22

EM-15-26

Effect of Tannery Sludge on Plants Germination
Yoseph Junedi Nuwa Dhuge Poa and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

Comparison of Macroinvertebrate Assemblages Between Mountain Strem Constructions andNatural Streams
Tetsuya Shimamura, Ryosuke Tsuji, Masaki Hamaguchi, Kyosuke Ino and Eri Nabeshima

EM-15-27

Evaluation of the Effect of Wood Chips and Green Manure as an Amendment for Improvementof Soil Physical Characteristics
Takanori Kaneko, Yuka Oguma and Tomonori Fujikawa

EM-15-32

Density Estimation of Deer Population using Random Encounter Model (REM) at Oze Wetland inJapan
Tadanobu Okumura, Kazuo Oki and Masayasu Maki

EM-15-33

Detecting the Impact of Water Resource Development on Flow Regime in the Mekong River
Basin
Takumi Shimura and Taichi Tebakari

EM-15-35

Evaluating the Performance of Managed Aquifer Recharge for Sustainable Shallow Groundwater
Resources in Prachinburi Province, Thailand
Kewaree Pholkern, Phayom Saraphirom, Thanyaporn Prommarach, Rattaweep Aksornklang and Arunya
LuepraditXXEM-15-42

Development of ICP-MS Methodology for the Direct Strontium Isotope Ratio Analysis in Water
and its Application in Water Resource Management
Madeleine Farrell and Tatiana Komarova

EM-15-45

EM-15-48

Characteristics of Wastewater from Some Pig Farms in Laos
Kengkham Sandkhamlue and Santi Kongmany

Urban Green Development in Siem Reap Town, Siem Reap Province: Case Study on PublicSpace
Sokhieng Chee, Yin Chan Eng, Sophak Pok, Thapkonin Chhoengsan and Sanara Hor

ESD and RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Co-Chairs
ESD-15-04

Prof. Dr. Mario T. Tabucanon, Dr. Kailert Taweekul and Dr. Thanaporn Athipanyaku
Effectiveness of Hygiene Educational Training for Pre-School Students in Phnom Penh,
Cambodia
Sophorlkun Yim, Salyta Chamruen, Phanna Ly, Rathna Hor, Sunduk Cho and Eunjin Kang

ESD-15-07

Organic Farmers Adopt Bio-Circular-Green Economy (BCG) in Agriculture for Food Safety andEnvironmental Sustainability
Jiraphon Choeichit, Waraporn Wongsiriwon and Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai

ESD-15-08

ESD-15-09

The Characteristics of Young Smart Farmer in Agricultural Development of Northeast Thailand
Supaporn Poungchompu, Supawadee Chantanop and Keattichai Montreewong

Determinants of Reluctance: An In-Depth Analysis of Factors Influencing Cold Water Fish
Farmers' Unwillingness to Adopt Agricultural Product Insurance in Guilan Province in Iran
Mohammadali Ghazi, Mohammad S. Allahyari, Sinisa Berjan and Tarek Ben Hassan

RD-15-03

Dispersion Approach to Make Matrix of Nanocellulose-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Biocomposites
for Food Packaging Materials
Yut Sovanndy, Theng Dyna, Chay Chim, Chem Mouylin, Chhoem Chhengven and Marc Delgado-Aguilar

RD-15-09

Development Directions and Challenges of Climate Change Measures in Paddy Agriculture in
Southeast Asia
Hiromichi Kitada, Taro Izumi, Sarvesh Maskey and Hiromu Okazawa

RD-15-11

RD-15-12

RD-15-14

Changes of Local Government Expectations for Local Vitalization Cooperators in Japan
Tomoyuki Ohashi, Yoshiki Kuwabara and Masahide Hayashi

Implications of the Transition from Subsistence to Cash Crops on the Livelihood of Soliga Tribe
in India
Iman Raj Chongtham, Sneha Shahi, Madegowda Chikkananjegouda, Obaiah Boraiah and Shrinivas M.
Badiger

Determinants Influencing Technology Adoption among Vegetable Producers in Svay Rieng
Province, Cambodia
Chhun Hong, Buntong Borarin, Serey Mardy, Sao Vibol, Chan Bunyeth, Tum Saravuth and Chun Nimul

RD-15-25

Evaluate the Local Livelihood of Upland Farmers in Northwestern Cambodia Through theLivelihood Asset Approach
Dyna Chin, Hitoshi Shinjo, Soksan Seng, Sophak Pok, Lyhour Hin, Nuch Sek and Sanara Hor

XXI

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

Special Paper Abstract

Citation Analysis on International Journal of Environmental and
Rural Development 2010-2023
Yoshiko TANAHASHIa*
Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: yt208220@nodai.ac.jpaAbstract
The purpose of this paper is to gain an overview of the current status quo of bibliometricperformance on International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development (IJERD), using
citation analysis as an indicator of scientific impact. To identify citation performance, citing papers
to IJERD are analyzed by journals, research fields, author affiliations and countries. Most citedarticles in IJERD are identified, but those cited articles are not cited by IJERD itself. To see otherjournal citation performance, compared to its IJERD, research papers on “rural development” areanalyzed, and most highly journals and contributing journals to impact factor are identified. To
enhance IJERD power of publication performance, selection criteria of journal impact factor isreferred to discuss.
Keywords impact factor, citation analysis, self-citation, journal evaluation, scientific quality

1Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-01

A New Cultivation Method for Speeding up the Fruiting Body Formation of Oyster
Mushroom (Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél)
Orlavanh XAYYAVONGabc, Worawoot AIDUANGbcd, Kritsana JATUWONGbcd, and Saisamorn
LUMYONGbce*
Applied Microbiology (International Program), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang
Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailandb
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandcResearch Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailandd
Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailande
Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand* Corresponding email: scboi009@gmail.com
aAbstract
The Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus species) is one of the most economically important and edible
mushrooms in the world, ranking third in the global market for commercial mushroom production.
Pleurotus pulmonarius is the second most cultivated oyster mushroom species. This edible species
is cultured mainly in Asia and North America utilizing locally available organic materials used inindustrial-scale production. Traditionally, the cultivation methods of P. pulmonarius involve the useof plant-based solid substrates. Because the development of fruiting bodies on solid substrates
typically takes more than a month, the possibility of infection by non-stable harvesting materials,
potential pathogenic fungi, or bacterial contamination is increased. We therefore established anefficient and inexpensive method for growing P. pulmonarius by using the adaptive method ofplacing the inoculum vertically in the center of the mushroom bag, instead of on top, to shorten
the time required for the fruiting body formation and first harvest period. Two types of mushroom
spawns prepared from sorghum-based solid medium (SSM) and potato dextrose broth (PDB) wereused for the inoculum experiment. Our results demonstrated that the vertical inoculation method
can shorten the spawn running time by about 10 days compared with the conventional method,which is only 18.35 ± 0.87 and 19.04 ± 1.29 days for SSM- and PDB-derived spawns, respectively.
In addition, the vertical inoculation method reduced the average time of first harvest by about 10
days compared with the conventional method, i.e., 25.30 ± 1.83 and 26.15 ± 0.75 days for SSMand PDB-derived spawn, respectively. This new inoculation method could be useful for thecommercial cultivation of oyster mushroom species.
Keywords: edible mushroom, mushroom cultivation, spawning technique, Oyster mushroom

2Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-03

Enhancing Plant Growth Using a 6V Solar Cell–Powered Electrokinetic Treatment
Narong TOUCHa* and Takahiko NAKAMURAaaTokyo University of Agricultural, Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: nt207118@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
Applying electrokinetic treatment powered by a 6V solar cell (SC-6V) has been found to releaseessential nutrients (N, P, and K) from saturated organic soil. Additionally, this treatment accelerates
the growth of Japanese mustard spinach near the anode due to oxidation reactions. However,growth inhibition occurs near the cathode due to reduction reactions. These effects may vary inunsaturated soils with irrigation water. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of SC6V on plant growth in unsaturated soils through laboratory experiments. Specifically, we examinedchanges in electrode potential and the growth rate of Japanese mustard spinach after applying SC6V to andosol mixed with cow manure compost. Although reduction reactions occurred at thecathode, facilitating irrigation (water flow through the soil layer) maintained a stable cathodepotential exceeding 0V. Growth rate measurements revealed a 1.2–1.8-fold increase in wet weightnear both the anode and cathode. Notably, the growth rate of spinach was higher in the soil located
5–20 cm from both electrodes. Surprisingly, reduction reactions did not negatively affect the growthrate but instead contributed to increased growth in unsaturated soil. The enhancement of soil
potential through irrigation water is a key driver underlying this growth. Therefore, SC-6V should
be applied to upper-land soils to boost crop productivity.
Keywords: 6V solar cell, electrokinetic treatment, unsaturated soil, growth rate, Japanese mustard
spinach3

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-04

Factors Influencing Adoption of Ecosystem-based Adaptation Practices
The Case of Small-Scale Maize Farming in Morogoro Region, Tanzania
Upendo Saitabau MOLLELa*, Katsumori HATANAKAa, Ramadhona SAVILLEa,
and Nina SHIMOGUCHIaa

Department of International Agribusiness Management, Tokyo Universityof Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo 156-8502*Corresponding email: 13722007@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
Maize is the main staple crop cultivated in all agro-ecological zones of Tanzania dominated bysmallholder farmers, whereby a large portion of the production is used for household consumption.
Most of the smallholder farmers over-rely on rain-fed farming, which is hampered by climatechange impacts such as a change in rainfall patterns, rise in temperature, frequent and prolonged
droughts, floods, and increase in pest, disease, and destructive weeds which affect the yield ofagricultural crops such as maize. Despite the impacts of climate change on maize farming, farmers
still employ unsustainable farm practices such as monoculture, intensive tillage, burning of crop
residues, and use of chemical fertilizers which damage the health of agroecosystem and increase
the vulnerability of the farmers to climate change impacts. There is a need for the farmers to adopt
Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) practices which ensure the protection and functioning ofagroecosystems and biodiversity and increase agricultural productivity and resilience towards
climate change impacts. This study analyzed the factors influencing the adoption of EbA practices
in small-scale maize farming using the Morogoro region in Tanzania as a case study. The paper
used both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Data was collected through key informant
interviews and a semi-structured questionnaire administered to 350 farmers. The results of the
Tobit regression model show that the adoption of EbA practices on maize farming is significantly
influenced by farm size, household income, land tenure system, access to climate information,access to labor, knowledge of the usefulness of EbA practices, and membership of farmer field
school. Whereas age, gender, and household size revealed a negative influence. This study
concluded that to scale up EbA practices adoption, farmers should be encouraged to share EbA
practices information with fellow farmers, practice income diversification, and policies should focus
on increasing EbA practices knowledge dissemination to the farmers through improving agriculturalextension services.
Keywords: maize farming, climate change, ecosystem-based adaptation, Tobit model

4

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-06

Assessment of Irrigated Soil Quality in Paddy Fields at Dakawa Irrigation Schemein Morogoro, Tanzania
Jimmy Felix MACHAa* and Machito MIHARAba

Graduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: jifema86@gmail.com

Abstract
Soil quality, as a measure of the soil's capacity to function, can be assessed using indicators basedon physical, chemical, and biological properties. The soil assessment for rice production was
conducted at Dakawa Irrigation Scheme, located in Mvomero District, Morogoro, Tanzania. The
study focuses on evaluating soil quality indicators, including chemical, physical, and biologicalproperties. The soil was excavated and described based on the FAO (2006) Guideline. Eight
disturbed samples, together with twenty-four undisturbed core samples, were taken from two
blocks (blocks 18 and 23) for laboratory analysis. The soil texture was identified as sandy clay loam,
and the pH levels in all layers of all blocks were rated as medium (5.7-7.0) to very high (7.0-8.6).
The levels of organic carbon (OC) and organic matter (OM) were found to be very low, especiallyin the first layer at OM was 0.8% and OC was 1.49%. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) andexchangeable bases were rated as low to medium for all blocks. The study on moisture content
revealed that the moisture content at a depth of 0-50cm was very low at 1.5% for block 23 and 1.8
for block 18 which is very low compared to other layers in all blocks, this indicates that layers 2,
3, and 4 retain much more water than layer one. According to Soil Taxonomy and the World
Reference Base for Soil Resources, the soil at Dakawa Irrigation Scheme is classified as Vertic
Calciusteps and Haplic Vertic combisols, respectively. This classification reflects properties that
may require the use and management of the soil, including the selection of crops and fertilizers,
as well as the recommended rates to use. It is recommended to increase the organic matter in thesoil by using organic matter. Additionally, the use of acidifying inorganic fertilizer and gypsum assoil amendments should also be taken into consideration to avoid the emergence of sodicity.
Keywords: soil quality, assessment, soil properties, irrigated paddy fields, Tanzania

5Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-10

Complementarity of Physical and Biological Analyses to Qualify Soils in a
Gradient of Use in a Tropical Context
Emilie PEIFFERa*, Yarapon PUTTAKOTb, Sébastien FRANCESCHINIa, Chuleemas Boonthai
IWAIbc, and Aurore DEGRÉa
University of Liège – Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Passage
des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, BelgiumbKhon Kaen University – Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, 123
Moo 16, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandcIntegrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center inNortheast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, 123 Moo 16, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand*Corresponding email: emilie.peiffer@uliege.beaAbstract
Soil degradation becomes a pressing issue to ensure food supply. Intensive agricultural practices
have reduced soil quality through their influence on soil parameters. This study aims to assess thesoil physical and biological parameters for conventional rice, cassava, sugar cane, and forest in
Northeast Thailand. An additional plot of cassava organically managed was investigated since it issuggested that organic inputs enhance soil structure which helps resist soil compaction. Each land
use was analyzed at 10 and 40 cm depth. Regarding the hydro physical parameters, bulk density,
water retention, pore size distribution, and hydraulic conductivity were assessed. For biologicalparameters, earthworms and cast densities represented soil macrofauna of the soil whereas soil
respiration evaluated the microfauna. Results highlight significant differences among parameters
and overall high bulk densities, especially in the subsoil. Forests display high hydraulic conductivity,
low bulk density, and the highest faunal activity. For rice, high bulk density, low saturated hydraulicconductivity, and retention curves with a low slope are presented. This land-use displays a low
earthworm presence. Conventional sugar cane and cassava are grouped together for most of theparameters. They feature high bulk densities coupled with high hydraulic conductivity and low water
retention. No biological activity was found for those land-uses. Organic cassava presents highdensity in the topsoil but low density in the subsoil. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is low, andthe presence of soil fauna is noted. Overall, the results indicate the impact of both land-use andmanagement on the soil. Regarding the hydro physical analysis of conventional sugar cane andcassava, a contradictory relationship between hydraulic conductivity and bulk density is displayed.
Although the high percentage of sand in those soils could explain the relation, the absence of soil
fauna implies poor soil health. This underscores the need for a global approach to soil quality.
Keywords: agricultural management, soil physics, soil biology, soil modeling, cassava,organic farming

6

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-12

Application of Multiple Correspondence and k-Means Cluster Analyses forTomato Consumer Behavior
Hettige Samitha Lakshan GUNASEKARA a*, Nina SHIMOGUCHIb, Ramadhona SAVILLEb, Rika
TERANOb, and Katsumori HATANAKAba

Graduate School of International Food and Agricultural Studies,Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japanb
Faculty of International Agriculture and Food Studies,Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: 13823001@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
Japan faces a pressing issue of an aging society, leading to a labor shortage in various sectors,
particularly agriculture. Young farmers in Japan who joined recently struggle to discern market
trends and consumer behaviors despite government support due to less experience, changing
consumer behaviors, and seasonal changes. This research aims to provide actionable insights thatwill help young tomato producers make informed and strategic decisions by utilizing data science
techniques to identify consumer behavior in the local market unique to their business. A
questionnaire survey was prepared to identify tomato consumer behavior based on demographic
characteristics, buying behaviors, consumption behaviors, purchasing channels, spending priceper tomato purchase, and consumer preferences. In this study, 316 valid datasets were collected
through a questionnaire survey from face-to-face interactions in multiple places (direct farmers'
shops, direct-vegetable-vending shops), and employing online methods (QR-codes, SNS with URL
links and NFC tags connected to Google Forms) in the period between 1st May 2022 to 30th June.
This study used Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and the k-means cluster analysis. Resultsfrom this study revealed six consumer segments while determining the unique characteristics oftomato buying and consumption behavior based on the tomato type and seasons, consumer
characteristics and preferences based on the tomato purchasing channel, and consumer
preferences for tomato purchases. This study provides a consumer segmentation based on
consumer behaviors and integrates data-driven decision-making principles by exploring factors
influencing tomato purchasing decisions within each segment, where young new tomato farmers
allow for actionable insights for data-driven decision-making by understanding the local consumers.
Keywords: agribusiness, agriculture, consumer segmentation, data science, data-driven
decision making, questionnaire survey

7

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-14

Comparison on Mechanical Properties of PCL-Based Fiber Composites Fabricatedby Fused Deposition Modeling and Injection Molding
Chhengven CHHOEMabe*, Dyna THENGa, Chim CHAYc, Mouylin CHEMb, Inés FERRERd, and Marc
DELGADO-AGUILAeaFaculty of Agricultural Biosystems Engineering, Royal University of Agriculture, CambodiabFaculty of Agro-Industry, Royal University of Agriculture, CambodiacDepartment of Agro-Industry, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Cambodiad
GREP Research Group, University of Girona, Spaine
LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, Spain*Corresponding email: chhoemchhengven.ch@gmail.com

Abstract
Polycaprolactone (PCL), a synthetic aliphatic polyester, has gained prominence in the realm of
biocomposites due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and relatively low melting point. To
further enhance the mechanical properties of PCL, natural fibers like bleached kraft eucalyptus pulp
(BKEP) have been incorporated. This study delves into a comparative analysis of the mechanicalproperties of PCL/BKEP biocomposites fabricated via fused deposition modeling (FDM) andinjection molding (IM). Commercial BKEP was compounded with PCL at varying fiber contents
ranging from 0 to 30 wt%. The resulting composites were characterized in terms of tensile strength,
elongation at break, and Young's modulus using both FDM and IM techniques. The findings
revealed that IM yielded superior tensile strength values for PCL/BKEP biocomposites with fiber
contents exceeding 20 wt%. At 30 wt% fiber content, IM-fabricated biocomposites exhibited a 17%
and 50% increase in tensile strength compared to their FDM counterparts. Conversely, FDM
outperformed IM in terms of tensile strength and Young's modulus for biocomposites with fiber
contents up to 10 wt%. At 10 wt% fiber content, FDM-fabricated biocomposites demonstrated a
21% and 9% enhancement in tensile strength and Young's modulus, respectively, compared to IM
samples. The choice between FDM and IM for fabricating PCL/BKEP biocomposites depends onthe desired fiber content and mechanical properties. IM is more suitable for producing high-fibercontent composites with enhanced tensile strength, while FDM excels for low-fiber-content
composites with improved tensile strength and Young's modulus.
Keywords: tensile, elongation, modulus, biodegradability, biocompatibility

8

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-16

Effect of Using Wastewater from Cassava Starch Industry for Long-Term Napier
Grass Cultivation on Soil Organic Matter and Soil Fertility
Seksan KAMLAMOONa and Chuleemas Boonthai IWAIab*a

Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture,
Khon Kaen University, ThailandbIntegrated Land and Water Resource Management Researchand Development Center in Northeast Thailand,
Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding email: chuleemas1@gmail.com

Abstract
Reusing wastewater for agriculture irrigation and renewable energy is an opportunity to alleviate
the strain on freshwater resources. For many years, the reuse of wastewater from cassava starchindustry for agricultural irrigation on Napier grass has increased. However, the study on the effectof wastewater irrigation on soil organic matter and soil fertility is limited. Therefore, this study
aimed to investigate the effect of long-term wastewater irrigation for Napier grass cultivation on
soil organic matter and soil fertility. The study was conducted by collected 4 treatments of soil
samples between the depths of 0-15, 15-30 and 30-50 cm in the areas that irrigated wastewater
for Napier grass cultivation over 10 years. The results showed that wastewater irrigation areas havehigher organic matter and fertility (total Nitrogen, available Phosphorus and exchangeable
Potassium) than the area that didn’t use wastewater significantly. The irrigated wastewater areas
without Napier grass cultivation have the highest organic matter followed by the areas that use asiphon system with Napier grass cultivation, pump system with Napier grass cultivation and theareas that were not influenced by wastewater and Napier grass respectively. Similarly, the areasthat influenced by wastewater without Napier grass cultivation have the highest soil fertility followedby the areas that use a siphon system with Napier grass cultivation, pump system with Napiergrass cultivation and the areas that were not influenced by wastewater and Napier grass
respectively. Conversely, the areas that use a siphon system with Napier grass cultivation have thelowest soil compaction followed by the areas that influenced by wastewater without Napier grass
cultivation, pump system with Napier grass cultivation and the areas that were not influenced bywastewater and Napier grass respectively. Therefore, wastewater irrigation on Napier grass
cultivation can improve soil organic matter, reduce soil compaction and increase soil fertility.
Keywords: cassava wastewater, Napier grass, soil organic matter, soil compaction, soil fertility

9Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-17

Evaluation of Agroecological Performance Under Geographical Aspect andAgroecology Transition Levels in Battambang Province, Northwest of Cambodia
Theara MAOa*, Sorith HOUa, Samnang NGOUNa, Lucie REYNAUDb, Sovann PATc, Rada KONGd,
Veng SARd, Agnès COLBEe, and Guillemette ARMINJONe
Ecosystem Services and Land Uses Research Center (ECOLAND), Graduate School, Royal
University, P.O. Box 2696, 12401-Dangkor, Phnom Penh, CambodiabGroup for Research and Technology Exchanges (GRET) Campus du jardin d’agronomie tropicale
de Paris, 94736 Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, FrancecGroup for Research and Technology Exchanges (GRET), P.O. Box 57, 12304-Chamkar Morn,
Phnom Penh, CambodiadDept. Agricultural Land Resources Management, General Directorate of Agriculture, Ministry ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 12158-Toul Kork, Phnom Penh, CambodiaeL’Institut Agro Montpellier, 2 place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France*Corresponding email: mtheara@rua.edu.khaAbstract
Agroecology (AE) is the application of ecological concepts and principles to agricultural systems toincrease their sustainability. This study aimed to conduct a multidimensional evidence-based
evaluation of AE in Battambang province in northwest Cambodia, using the Tool for Agroecology
Performance Evaluation (TAPE) tool. The study investigated two main criteria: geographical aspects
in Sangkae (lowland) and Rotonak Mondol (upland) districts and AE transition levels. We predefined
120 farms into two AE farms (high-AE and low-AE) and non-project. Results indicated that themean characterization of agroecological transitions (CAET) score was low (37.42%). There was adifference in mean CAET score between geographical aspects, but it was not statistically significant.
Predefined high-AE farms in lowland and upland areas obtained better CAET scores compared to
low-AE and non-project farms. Most farmers (both men and women) had either ownership or
perception of their land security for farming practices. Most farms received an unstainable level ofpesticide exposure meaning that farmers used highly hazardous pesticides (Class I) with less than
4 of the listed mitigation techniques and applied 6 applications with 5.4 types of pesticide. Lowland
and high-AE farms received acceptable levels that farmers accessed more dietary diversified with
5-7 out of 10 food groups. Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) was acceptable forboth criteria. For soil health, upland and high-AE farms were at acceptable levels while other farms
received unstainable levels. Lowland, high-AE, and low-AE farms obtained positive agricultural
income, whereas upland and non-project farms received negative agricultural income due toclimate change (drought and flood), pests causing yield loss, rising agricultural input costs, loss
prices of production, difficulty in selling products. The participatory analysis revealed that farmers
could save their seeds and minimize waste of inputs, promote AE practices at the national level bylowering the use of chemicals as well as promote new technological techniques including cover
crop, no-till, and resistant seeds to adapt to climate change, disease, and pest tolerant.
Keywords: agroecology, sustainability, TAPE, multi-dimensional, evaluation
10

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-18

Entrepreneurial Innovation for Climate Resilience: Enhancing Food andWater Security in the MENA Region
Tarek BEN HASSENa*, Chedli Baya CHATTIb, Mahmoud ABDULWAHEDc,
and Allan VILLEGASda

Program of Policy, Planning, and Development, Department of International Affairs, College ofArts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatarb
Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, QatarcStrategic Innovation, Entrepreneurship & Economic Development Office (SIEED), Qatar
University, Doha, Qatard
HEC Qatar, Doha, Qatar*Corresponding email: thassen@qu.edu.qa

Abstract
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) rechange ’suffers interlinked food and water security
challenges, which are worsened by climate change consequences. Rising temperatures,
unpredictable rainfall patterns, and rising water shortages jeopardize the region’s agricultural
production systems and access to clean water. Entrepreneurship can help the MENA region
develop creative solutions that boost climate resilience and promote sustainable food and water
security. The paper investigates how entrepreneurship may drive technical, business model, andsocial innovations to promote agricultural climate change adaptation, improve water usage
efficiency, minimize food loss and waste, and enhance sustainable value chains. Examples ofcleantech, agtech, and social entrepreneurship initiatives that are creating climate resilience are
examined. According to the research, fostering entrepreneurship, including access to funding,talents, and collaborations, is critical to sparking locally suitable solutions. Youth and female
entrepreneurs, in particular, may be enabled to create context-specific, long-term innovations.
Targeted entrepreneurial support may increase climate resilience and progress toward sustainable
food and water security in the MENA region.
Keywords: entrepreneurship, innovation, food security, water security, climate
resilience, sustainability, MENA region

11Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-19

Sustainability Transition to Organic Agriculture in Kosovo:
A Case Study of Organic Beekeeping
Arnita VELIUa, Ekrem GJOKAJb, Hamid EL BILALIa, and Tarek BEN HASSENc*
International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM-Bari), Valenzano(Bari), Italyb
Department of Environmental and Agricultural Management, International Business College
Mitrovice, Mitrovica, KosovocProgram of Policy, Planning, and Development, Department of International Affairs, College ofArts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar*Corresponding email: thassen@qu.edu.qaaAbstract
Agriculture in Kosovo has a significant impact on improving the balance of trade, reducing
unemployment, and fostering economic growth. Several programs, led by national institutions andassociations and international organizations, contribute to the development of sustainableagriculture, including organic farming, which is steadily gaining ground, albeit at a gradual pace. In
this paper, we describe the transition process to organic agriculture in Kosovo, taking into accountthe case of organic beekeeping. The analysis is based on the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP)
framework. Secondary data were gathered from existing literature, whereas primary data wereobtained through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with the key players in
the country’s organic agriculture and organic beekeeping sectors. The data show that beekeepingin Kosovo has been a source of household livelihood for decades. Government support andsubsidies appear to be the primary drivers for the transition to organic farming. On the other hand,
the high certification costs, the administrative paperwork, and the need for new knowledge andimproved disease management are some of the barriers that still must be overcome in the transition
to organic farming. Organic beekeeping is still new in Kosovo, as there is a lack of education/training
and information about the sector, as well as a lack of inputs for organic beekeeping. Findings
indicate that there is only one certified beekeeper in the country. However, the situation is expected
to change soon, as numerous institutions and associations are working to support the developmentof this sector. Hence, further research and exploration of the drivers and barriers to thedevelopment of organic beekeeping in Kosovo are still needed.
Keywords: sustainability transition, organic agriculture, organic beekeeping, multi-level perspective,
sustainable agriculture, Balkans

12Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-21

Suitability of Using Swine Wastewater for Generating Biomass of Azolla
microphylla and Application in Vermiculture Enhancing the BCG Model
Phearun LAYa, Chuleemas Boonthai IWAIa*, and Sophea NHEANba

Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, andIntegrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center inNortheast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
bDivision of Research and Extention, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, 12400,
Cambodia*Corresponding email: chuleemas1@gmail.com

Abstract
Vermiculture is biotechnology in improving nutrient quality and producing earthworms. Whereas
Azolla microphylla (an aquatic plant) is a major source of nutrients and has been applied effectively
in recycling swine wastewater. The concentration of 5% of piggery wastewater demonstrated abetter level for producing high biomass of Azolla within 14 days. Meanwhile, the results ofvermiculture revealed that the parameters including (total Kjeldahl nitrogen, TKN), (total
phosphorous, TP), and (total potassium, TK) in vermicompost (decomposed by earthworm,
Eudrillus ugeniae) were significantly better than the compost (without earthworm) after theexperiment. The TKN and TP proved high in vermicompost of cow dung with Azolla deriving frompiggery wastewater (CDA) around (1.03%) and (0.4%) in comparison to compost less than (0.97%)
and (0.36%), respectively. The TK was increased highly in vermicompost of CDA by (0.65%).
Interestingly, the cocoons were higher in the CDA (21), while the CD was only (12). This result
illustrated that the CDA was a convenient mixed material for earthworm production. Hence, theAzolla microphylla was a good supplemental material in improving the quality of vermicompost andgood for producing earthworms driving the BCG model.
Keywords: wastewater, Azolla, vermiculture, nutrients13

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-22

A Multispecies Growth and Yield Performance Comparison of Vegetables
Cultivated Under Hydroponics Using Sewerage Wastewater
Dickson M. MAZIBUKOab, Antonio Perez FUENTESa, Kazuha WAKASUGIa,
Sarvesh MASKEYc, Takahiko NAKAMURAc, and Hiromu OKAZAWAc*aGraduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
School of Natural and Applied Sciences University of Malawi, MalawicFaculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: h1okazaw@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
The reuse of sewerage wastewater is becoming a solution to sustainable water utilization
particularly in water-scarce regions. Using Biologically Treated Water (BTW), Chlorine Disinfected
Water (CDW), and tap water, this study aimed at understanding the yield performance andchlorophyll content in three vegetables Phaseolus vulgaris (beans), Brassica rapa var. perviridis(tomatsuna), and Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) grown under hydroponics. We used a Nutrient
Film Technique (NFT) hydroponic system supplied with tap water treated wastewater and reclaimed
wastewater. Those plants were grown to maturity at controlled water temperature. Chlorophyll data
was collected throughout while yield data was collected at harvest. Results show that vegetative
growth was high in BTW and CDW compared with tap water. An ANOVA test revealed significant
differences in terms of chlorophyll in tomatoes. A Welch ANOVA test showed significant differencesin terms of chlorophyll in beans and komatsuna. For yield, an ANOVA test showed significant
differences among the treatments for bean, komatsuna, and tomato. The Post hoc test showedsignificantly high chlorophyll for beans and tomatoes in tap water, compared to BTW and CDW. In
terms of yield, only beans performed best in the tap water hydroponic system while tomato andkomatsuna performed best in BTW and CDW compared to tap water. The results indicate avegetable differential preference for the three water types used. These three vegetables can thus
be cultivated concurrently. Research on the safety of vegetables grown in sewerage wastewater,
and the economic feasibility of using reclaimed water for vegetable production with the observedlack of significant difference between the sewerage wastewaters, is urged before upscaling thistechnology.
Keywords: hydroponics, sewerage resources, vegetables, wastewater, advanced treated water

14

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-24

Agroecological Performance of Market Gardens Locatedin Southern Sweden
Iman Raj CHONGTHAMa* and Mathilda HÅKANSSONa
Department of Biosystems and Technology,
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
P.O Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Sweden*Corresponding email: raj.chongtham@slu.seaAbstract
Since the end of the Second World War and the start of the Green Revolution, there has been arapid increase in specialization and industrialization of agriculture. Farms are growing in size withheavy reliance on external inputs such as agrochemicals and most of the inputs and farm products
are transported over long distances. However, the countermovement from consumers during therecent decades for local and environment-friendly production has led to the establishment ofseveral small-market gardeners to provide vegetables to local communities (directly) in and aroundcities and towns in Sweden. Understanding the sustainability of market gardens requires credibleand holistic assessment in terms of the three sustainability pillars, viz Social, Environment, andEconomic. This exploratory study aims to highlight the multidimensional benefits and trade-offs ofmarket gardeners by assessing them using ‘Tool for Agroecology Performance Evaluation’(developed by FAO), and by comparing them with a few large-scale reference farms in Scania. The
results revealed that market gardens had higher crop diversity, more efficient resource use andmanagement, and more synergies between components than large-scale reference farms.
Additionally, market gardens scored high in terms of responsible governance, co-creation, andsharing of knowledge and involved a high number of young people (below 40 years of age) as
either direct employees or interns. However, market gardeners tended to have lower economic
income and higher workloads compared to the reference large-scale farms, which created a senseof insecurity for its long-term continuance. Another important challenge reported by market
gardeners was the lack of direct government support and subsidies. In conclusion, the resilienceof market gardeners seemed to be high especially in relation to recent limitations in global tradedue to covid-19 pandemic, high fuel and fertilizer costs, and changing weather patterns, as they do
not depend much on external inputs and have diverse crops.
Keywords: agroecology, local food, resilience, sustainability assessment, TAPE

15

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-26

Development of the Biological Salt Utilizing System for the Management ofSaline Agricultural Field in Khon Kaen, Thailand
Takashi KUMEa*, Chuleemas Boonthai IWAIb, Tadao YAMAMOTOc, Katsuyuki SHIMIZUd,
Fumikazu UBUKATAe, and Hirotaka MATSUDAf
Ehime University, Japan
Khon Kaen University, Thailandc
Hokkaido University, Japand
Tottori University, Japane
Okayama University, Japanf
Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: kume@ehime-u.ac.jpabAbstract
About 1.5 million hectares of agricultural land are lost to soil salinization each year worldwide. Khon
Kaen in Northeast Thailand is located in the low-lying Korat Plain, where approximately 336,000
hectares of soil are salinized. The study site, Ban Phai district, is one of the areas in Khon Kaen
where there are many farmlands where salinization has not yet been resolved. The average farmer's
landholding area in Ban Phai district is about 2-4 hectares. The farmland parcels here are not welldeveloped, and the flat topographical slope makes it difficult to construct a network of drainage
channels to facilitate salt removal, resulting in the existence of many salinized farmlands. In thisstudy, we developed a biological salt utilization system that promotes salt management andutilization within farmers' own 2-4 hectares of farmland, without relying on drainage channel
networks. The system was applied to test plots to promote salt removal within farmer-owned
agricultural lands and to conduct empirical experiments to improve farmers' cash income throughsalt-tolerant crop cultivation (Sesbania rostrata and Moringa oleifera Lam.) and traditional salt
production using the removed salts. The implementation of the system began in 2017. Four months
after the system was introduced, a clear decrease in soil salinity was observed compared to before
the introduction of the system. It was also evident that the use of vermicompost improved thegrowth of salt-tolerant crops compared to conventional cultivation. Traditional salt production in
the downstream part of the system was also found to promote the utilization of discharged salt,
and the salt produced was sold for about 20 baht per kg, contributing to improved cash income forfarmers.
Keywords: soil salinization, drainage, salt utilization, vermicompost, salt-tolerant crop, traditionalsalt production

16

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-27

Plant Growth and Fruit Quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Using
Advanced Treated Water in Hydroponics
Antonio Perez FUENTESa, Kazuha WAKASUGIa, Sarvesh MASKEYb, Dickson M. MAZIBUKOa,
Takahiko NAKAMURAb, Hiroyuki OSHIMAc, Taku KATOc,
Ayako SEKIAYMAb, and Hiromu OKAZAWAb*aGraduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanc
Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: h1okazaw@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
The classification of reclaimed water depends on both its destination and the treatment it has
undergone. As the product of the advancement treatment process, Biologically Treated Water(BTW) accounts for the reclaimed water previous the disinfection while Chlorinated Disinfected
Water (CDW) is the BWT that has been treated with a chloride solution (NaClO) to eliminate
microorganisms. Wastewater discharged from urban areas is generally released into the ocean
after such processes. Despite this treatment, BTW and CDW report significant amounts of nutrients,
which could be used in hydroponic systems to create a more advanced water recycling process.
Further research is needed to apply these treated waters to hydroponic vegetable production
systems. This study discusses the effects on Cindy Sweet tomatoes grown with BTW and CDW
and demonstrates the effectiveness of a hydroponic system utilizing treated sewage water. The
experiment was carried out at a greenhouse in the wastewater treatment plant in Yokohama, Japan.
The nutrient solutions were balanced to 1.3 mS/cm using commercial fertilizer. The results showedthat tomatoes supplied with BTW had higher fresh weight than those in the CDW and control water(Tap water and liquid fertilizer). Concerning fruit quality, statistical analysis showed that the fruits
in treatment 2 were larger in diameter and weight, and further ANOVA analysis showed nosignificant differences between the control and BTW. This study also discovered that the applicationof BTW and CDW resulted in larger fruit clusters without a corresponding increase in fruit density.
Chlorophyll analysis, however, showed no difference between BTW and CDW, while the control
showed the best performance with about twice the photosynthetic activity. Furthermore, despite
the lower chlorophyll content of the plants from BTW, higher yields can be obtained in leafy
vegetables, where biomass and water content are the main research questions.
Keywords: hydroponic, tomato, wastewater, advanced treated water

17

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-33

Impact of Irrigation Methods on Water Delivery Performance in Large-Scale
Irrigation Scheme in Morocco
Dayyabu Muhammad ZAHARADDEENa, Katsuyuki SHIMIZUb*, Yuri YAMAZAKIb, Vinay NANGIAc,
Anas MANSOURIc, Mohamed BELAARABId, and Lahcen OUSSTOUSd
United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japanb
Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori, Japanc
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, MoroccodRegional Office for Agricultural Development in Tadla (ORMVAT), Morocco*Corresponding email: talk2deenee@yahoo.comaAbstract
Water scarcity is a significant issue worldwide, which is a hindrance to sustainable development
and sufficient food production. Morocco is one such country that is severely affected by water
scarcity, making it essential to manage irrigation effectively. Various studies have suggested
methods to manage irrigation during water scarcity, including modifying cropping patterns,
reducing irrigation time, and modifying irrigation areas and methods. However, the impact ofdifferent irrigation methods on water delivery performance (WDP) needs to be determined. To
understand how irrigation methods affect WDP, a proposed partial drip irrigation method wasassumed, which irrigates only tree crops using drip irrigation and surface for other crops. The
evaluation of WDP was done at the lateral canal level in the Beni Amir irrigation district, Morocco.
The study analyzed the adequacy, dependability, and equity of both the prevailing furrow irrigation
method and the proposed partial drip method. The irrigation scheme has 14 lateral canals that wereclassified into three parts: head, middle, and tail. The same data on climate and crops, such as
cropping areas and patterns, to calculate the irrigation water requirements for the dry seasons of
2016, 2017, and 2018. The daily discharge of each lateral canal and the irrigation time for eachfield were collected to calculate the monthly water supply to all fields. Water sufficiency andperformance indicators were calculated under each irrigation method. The study found that surface
irrigation delivered 19%, 35%, and 33% less water than required in 2016, 2017, and 2018,
respectively. However, if the proposed drip method is used, the water delivered in 2016 will exceed
requirements by 10%. In 2017 and 2018, it will fall short by only about 3% and 2%, respectively.
The prevailing furrow method resulted in fair and poor water delivery performance in terms ofadequacy, dependability, and equity. In contrast, the proposed drip method is expected to improve
the performance to good and fair in all years.
Keywords: water scarcity, cropping patterns, surface irrigation, drip irrigation

18

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-34

Effects of Different Agricultural System Practices on Soil Erosion Using RUSLE
Model in Ratanak Mondul District, Battambang Province, Cambodia
Sarey RIMacd*, Nareth NUTad, Lyhour HINa Sophoanrith ROb, Lytour LORa, Sakdanupol CHANa,
and Machito MIHARAcd
Faculty of Agricultural Biosystems Engineering, Royal University of Agriculture (RUA)b
Faculty of Agronomy, Royal University of Agriculture (RUA),
c
Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture (TUA), Japand
Institute of Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation (ERECON)*Corresponding author: rimary300@gmail.com
aAbstract
Cambodia faces a severe soil erosion crisis due to rapid land-use changes, deforestation, andunsustainable agricultural practices. The loss of fertile topsoil significantly threatens the country's
agricultural productivity, food security, and overall environmental health. Conventional agricultural
practices, such as intensive tillage and monoculture cropping, contribute to soil degradation andincrease erosion risk. To combat soil erosion and its associated nutrient loss, the northwesternregion of Cambodia has promoted different agricultural system practices. This research aims tounderstand the soil erodibility factor (K-factor) value under different agricultural system practices,non-tillage practice (NT), conventional tillage (CT), green manual (GM), and forest soil (FS), and to
estimate the amount of soil erosion by comparing the soil loss of different agricultural system
practices using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model intergraded with aGeographic Information System (GIS) environment. GIS and RUSLE models are useful tools forbuilding soil erosion maps and defining vulnerable areas through spatial distribution data. The result
showed that the K-factor values ranged from 0.109 to 0.156 t/hr/MJ/mm, which was 0.109 for NT,
0.111 for CT, 0.141 for GM, and 0.123 for FS, respectively for Acrisols soil, and 0.156 t/hr/MJ/mm
for Cambisols soil. In these various changes of K-factor, the soil loss in Ratanak Mondul was 2.65
tons/ha for NT, 4.53 tons/ha for CT, 2.07 tons/ha for GM, and 1.49 tons for FS practices. In
comparison, the estimated total soil loss in 2020 was 87,829 tons/year, 149,989 tons/year, 68,710
tons/year, and 49,455 tons/year for NT, CT, GM, and FS agricultural systems, respectively. Thus,
conserving agricultural practices (NT and GM) has significantly contributed to erosion prevention
and made agricultural practices more sustainable. Understanding the causes of soil erosion will
help us protect and sustain land and natural resources. This knowledge will be essential forplanning conservation efforts and policy changes.
Keywords: soil erosion, GIS, RUSLE, green manual, conventional tillage, non-tillage LULC-2020,
K-facto19

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-36

Recent Expansion and Future Perspectives of Direct Seeding in Miyagi Prefectureof Japan
Hiroei KANNOab and Koki HOMMAa*
Tohoku University, Japan
Organization Miyagi Prefectural Furukawa Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan*Corresponding email: koki.homma.d6@tohoku.ac.jpabAbstract
The recent social situation in Japan has forced rice farmers to increase their scale and save labor.
To achieve the two purposes, direct seeding is rapidly applied to their fields. We report on the
expansion of direct seeding in Miyagi Prefecture of the Tohoku region in Japan and discuss thetechnology that led farmers to accept direct seeding. Future perspectives are also discussed.
The farmers in Miyagi ordinarily transplanted rice seedlings with the machine. 1st major turning
point was the Great East Japan Earthquake, which required the reconstruction of paddy fields andfarmers' associations after the tsunami. The direct seeding area occupied 1.5% of the rice planting
area in 2011, just after the earthquake, and increased by 4.8% in 2022. The wet seeding method
was applied at the initial expansion stage because heat retention by flooding would be necessary.
One of the major constraints of wet seeding is low germination, driving technological developmentfrom Calper coating, Iron coating, and Bengala and Molybdenum coating. Especially, Iron coating
contributed to the initial expansion of direct seeding. The recent expansion of direct seeding has
been driven by a dry seeding method. Dry seeding in early spring has been established to obtain
relatively stable germination. Since the farmers can avoid work conflict in spring, early springseeding has been strongly accepted. Based on the experience, the cultivar is being changed. Since
one of the major problems in direct seeding is weeds, technological improvement in the
management of herbicides also contributed to the expansion. Since high-quality rice production
with organic is expected in Japan, the development of nonchemical weed management is required.
As mentioned above, social changes and technological improvements enhance the increase of
direct seeding. However, it only accounts for 5%. The rice quality recommendation of consumers
seems a key factor in addition to the rice price which is still high enough to continue transplanting.
Keywords: rice, wet seeding, dry seeding, weed management, work conflict, technologicalimprovement

20Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-37

Production and Marketing Systems of Crops Replacing Rubber of Farmers Under
the Production Volume Control Project in Kalasin Province
Walaipan PREEPRADITa* and Arunee PROMKHAMBUTaa

Department of Agricultural Extension and Development, Faculty of Agriculture,
Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand*Corresponding email: walaipan@kkumail.com

Abstract
In Thailand, the continuously decreasing price of natural rubber has urged the government to
reduce rubber area by launching the Production Volume Control Project nationally in 2015 bysubsidizing 2,857 USD/ha for participating farmers. How farmers who participated in this project
receive the advantages and disadvantages has not been documented. The objectives of this study
were to study the general characteristics of farmers and managements of rubber plantations under
the project, to assess the social, economic, and environmental benefits of farmers fromparticipating in the project, and to identify problems facing farmers. Data were collected throughin-depth interviews by selecting 3 farmers representing 3 cropping systems designed by thegovernment, replacing rubber with fruit trees (mango) (FT), integrated rubber-based farm (IRF),
and rubber trees (RT). The results showed that all farms are immature periods of rubber. The
farmers who chose to continue growing rubber (RT) were active farm labor (45 years old) andearning most of their income from cassava, while IRF and RT farmers were old-age farmers (6465 years old). Lack of labor, aging labor, and having capital inputs from remittance cause the RT
farmer to switch from rubber to mango. The RT farmers intercropped rubber plantation withcassava during the immature period which complemented their farm expertise in cassava. The IRF
farmer reduced the number of rubber trees per area to 33% of the normal recommendation andvaried farm activities into vegetables, fruit trees, and animals, therefore, earned the highest annual
income from the farm (1,586 USD) and a high crop diversity index in the farm. This farmer also
earned the societal value of landscape in the area by being a local expert in integrated farming. The
IRF marketing system went beyond the village into the neighboring province due to the diversity offarm activities. However, high investment in irrigation at the early stage of farming and no market
support from the government are the key problems of this farmer, while lack of knowledge support
from the government in mango production is the main problem of the FT farmers.
Keywords: crops replacing rubber; rubber farmer, government project, Northeast, Thailand

21

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-44

Seroprevalence of Brucellosis Disease and Lumpy Skin Disease on Cattles at
Svay Rieng and Prey Veng Province, Cambodia
Khoeun SOKUNad*, Kong SAROEUNad, Bun CHANc, Ren THEARYc, Ith MANAYb,
Chan BUNYETHa, Lay HORTc, Hin LYHOURb, and Theng KOUCHb
Faculty of Agriculture, Svay Rieng University, Svay Rieng 200705, CambodiabRoyal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh 12401, CambodiacGeneral Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh, 120603, CambodiadGraduate School, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding email: sokunkhoeun@ymail.com
aAbstract
LSD (Lumpy Skin Disease) is a poxviral disease with significant morbidity in cattle and belongs to
the family Poxviridae, genus Capripoxvirus, and is transmitted by hematophagous arthropod
vectors. Despite the typically low mortality rate, economic costs arise from deterioration in health,decreased milk production, miscarriages, infertility, and harmed hides. Brucellosis disease is oneof the most common contagious and communicable zoonotic diseases with high rates of morbidity
and lifetime sterility. Serological tests with ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays) indicate
exposure to Brucella and LSD in cattle. To identify the presence of those diseases, the research
was conducted in two provinces, Svay Rieng and Prey Veng, in Cambodia, starting from July 2021
to January 2022. In the study, the 2018 Thusfield method was adopted, and two cattle wereselected from 216 households in the two provinces (112 in Svay Rieng and 104 in Prey Veng).
However, not all the families had two cattle, so the total sample size was 300 cattle (150 in Svay
Rieng and 150 in Prey Veng). As a result, there was only one brucellosis disease case in Svay
Rieng Province, while that disease was not found at all in Prey Veng. Meanwhile, LSD was higher
in Prey Veng (80% of the tested cattle) than in Svay Rieng (69%). Among all of the tested cattle,
66.7% had the highest BS (Body Score = 4). The finding suggests that LSD was prevalent in thestudied areas, which may cause economic losses. Thus, preventive measures should be taken
properly to tackle this issue. Although Brucellosis was a rare case in the studied areas, it may
spread faster, causing abortion in cattle and women. Biosecurity is needed to ensure strict control
over this disease.
Keywords: zoonoses, Brucellosis, LSD, antibody, ELISA

22

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-48

Recent Trends in Consumption of Traditional Fermented Foods in Cambodia
Sothea KONGab, Hisako NOMURAc, Tamon BABAd, Hiroyuki HATTORIe, Samnang NGUONa, andKasumi ITOf*
Graduate School, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japanc
Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Japand
College of Letters, Ritsumeikan University, Japane
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Japanf
International Center for Research and Education in Agriculture, Nagoya University, Japan*Corresponding email: kasumito@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jpabAbstract
The health benefits associated with fermented foods are well-known across the world. Cambodia
is one of the treasure troves of diverse fermented foods. However, in recent years, the landscapeof dietary habits and food culture has been changing due to the proliferation of Western fast-foodrestaurants in countries and the increased participation of women in the workforce. Preserving thelegacy of traditional fermented foods necessitates a comprehensive understanding of actual
consumption patterns and the implementation of countermeasures. This study aimed to explore
the consumption trends of local fermented food products. A questionnaire-based interview survey
was undertaken in three primary local markets situated in the capital city of Phnom Penh. The
survey covered the young (10–20s), middle-aged (30–40s), and elderly (50–60s) generations.
Overall, 510 customers were interviewed, and 506 (99.27%) valid responses were received.
Consequently, 5 types of meat, 30 types of fish, 58 types of vegetables, fruits, and cereal products,
7 types of seafood, and 78 local fermented foods were identified as fermented products consumed
by the respondents. Of these, fish sauce, fermented freshwater fish paste, Khmer noodles, andsoy sauce were familiar staples with more than 480 (95%) consumers. The average number of
products respondents had ever consumed was consistent across the three generations. Although
the study hypothesized reduced consumption among the young generation, this demographic
tended to consume more vegetables, fruits, and cereal products compared to other generations.
Most consumers relied on purchases or obtained fermented foods from neighbors and relatives
due to a lack of time on busy days. Further research is imperative to gain an understanding of how
young people navigate amidst significant changes in the social environment. This will also help in
devising strategies to preserve and pass down Cambodia’s heritage of traditional fermented foods.
Keywords: trends, consumption, traditional fermented foods, Cambodia

23

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-49

Elucidation of The Chemical Structures and Antioxidant Propertyof Cambodian Melaleuca Extract
Ravor SENGab, Akane KUROKIa, Masashi KAWAGUCHIa, Fumie NAKASHIMAa, Takahiro
SHIBATAa, and Hiroyuki HATTORIc*a

Nagoya University, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Japanb
Royal University of Agriculture, Graduate School, CambodiacTohoku University, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Japan*Corresponding email: hiroyuki.hattori.b4@tohoku.ac.jp

Abstract
The Myrtaceae family is found in tropical and warm-temperate regions worldwide. In Cambodia,
Melaleuca species are particularly common in the Svay Rieng, Kampot, Koh Kong, and Preah
Sihanouk provinces, as well as other regions. Essential oil production using the plant's leaves ispopular in Australia, New Guinea, and Southeast Asia. The essential oil and the extract of Melaleuca
alternifolia are widely acknowledged to possess several beneficial bioactivities, including antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, that contribute to our health. Although many
useful compounds in the Melaleuca essential oil are well known, it has not been fully studied on
the constituents in the Melaleuca extract and the bioactivities contributing to enhancing our health.
In this study, we aimed to isolate and identify the chemical structure of the constituents in
Melaleuca extract and investigate its bioactivity. The plant material of Melaleuca leaves wascollected in the Svay Rieng, Kampot, and Koh Kong provinces. The dried samples were powderedand extracted with methanol, and the extracts were successively extracted with hexane, chloroform,and ethyl acetate. The hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were separated by silica gel open column
chromatography and obtained 28 fractions (HFr. 1–28) and 11 fractions (EFr. 1–11), respectively.
Com.1 and 2 were isolated from HFr. 6 and EFr. 4 respectively using preparative high-performanceliquid chromatography (PHPLC). The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolutionelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESIMS) were used to elucidate their chemical
structure. According to the instrumental analyses, Com.1 was identified as 7-O-methylcryptostrobin, which is a known compound from the Eugenia mattosii plant but has not yet beenreported from the Melaleuca plant. The analyses revealed Com.2 is pinocembrin, previously
characterized by the Pinus cembra tree and possessed anti-inflammatory activity. To understandthe bioactivity of Melaleuca extracts, we examined if it shows antioxidant effects such as the 2,2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) like
properties. The results indicated that the extract from Svay Rieng province showed the strongest
antioxidant activities.
Keywords: Melaleuca extract, isolation, structure elucidation, antioxidant

24

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-01

People - Peatland Interconnections: Socio-economic Determinants of Local
Livelihoods Underlying Effective Peatland Protection in Riau, Indonesia
Mohammad YUNUSa and Adcharaporn PAGDEEb*aBiological Science International Program, Department of Integrated Science, Faculty of Science,
Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailandb
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University,
Khon Kaen, 40002*Corresponding email: adcpag@kku.ac.th

Abstract
Peatlands provide a wide array of ecosystem services that greatly contribute to our well-being.
Simultaneously, our practices determine the peatland’s existence, molding “people - peatland
interconnections.” In this study, we examined socio-economic determinants of local livelihoods
underlying effective peatland protection. A semi-administered questionnaire was conducted in fivevillages located in the Sungai Kiyap - Sungai Kampar Kiri Peatland Hydrological Unit (SKKI PHU) in
the Kampar Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia, from May to June 2023. A total of 200 household
representatives participated in the questionnaire survey, investigating 1) household socioeconomic conditions, 2) economic valuation of peatland ecosystem services – an indication ofpeople’s perceptions toward peatland importance, and 3) local practices in peatland utilization andprotection. We identified 14 types of ecosystem services from various peatland settings, ranging
from private plantations to community peat swamp forests, public lands, and nature reserves. A
total economic value was estimated at US$ 3,174.31 per household per year, of which 80.75%
illustrated a use value, especially direct benefits from fish, wild plants, wildlife, and soil fertility,
which accounted for nearly an amount of annual household income (~US$ 2,816). Socioeconomic
factors, such as respondents' age, length of residence, gender, participation in training/workshops,
household spending, and debt/loan/mortgage procession, determined villagers’ perception towards
the peatland's economic importance and local practices, including rule and regulation obedience,cooperative collaboration, resource utilization, harvesting seasons, and use of eco-friendly tools.
Finally, the study illustrates people-peatland interconnections and emphasizes the socioeconomic
conditions of local livelihoods that underlie effective peatland protection.
Keywords: peatlands, socio-economic determinants, local livelihoods, effective protection, Ria

25

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-03

Application of Soil Amendments as a Strategy for Water Holding Capacity in
Sandy Loam Soil and Grapevine Performance
Mohammad Mirwais YUSUFIa* and Machito MIHARAaa

Graduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: mirwaisyusufi@gmail.com

Abstract
Afghanistan has a very large area of sandy loam soil with great potential for use as an alternative
land for agriculture. water is a precious natural resource, and sandy loam soil has limiting factors
in the water holding capacity, high infiltration, high evapotranspiration, deficient organic matter,and soil moisture content, making it less productive for plant productivity and growth. The research
aimed to enhance soil physical properties and increase water holding capacity in sandy loam soil,
which is crucial for improving crop productivity in areas with limited water resources. To achievethis, we need to understand the soil moisture content and matric potential of soil. The soil moisture
content only indicates the amount of water present in the soil but cannot indicate when to apply areasonable irrigation regime. Therefore, understanding the matric potential allows for a more
precise determination of when and how much to irrigate, optimizing water usage for crops.
However, the pot experiment was conducted in a controlled environment at the Tokyo Universityof Agriculture to evaluate the impact of different soil amendments on the sandy loam soil. The typeof soil amendments consisted of 4 treatments: Experiment 1: Chicken manure varied rates in sandy
loam soil. Treatments (T): T1 (2.5%), T2 (5%), T3 (7.5%). Experiment 2: Combination of(sawdust+botanical compost+chicken manure) varied rates in Sandy Loam Soil. Treatments (T):T1 (2.5%), T2 (5%), T3 (7.5%). Experiment 3: Botanical compost varied rates in Sandy Loam Soil.
Treatments (T): T1 (2.5%), T2 (5%), T3 (7.5%). Experiment 4: Control (100% sandy loam soil).
Different treatments with varying soil amendments may influence water retention. Various
parameters related to plant growth and health were likely assessed. All treatments are repeatedthree times with the installation of two data logger sensors in each pot to monitor matric potential
and soil water content. The data was analyzed by ANOVA randomized designed block with one
single factor. The result of the initial analysis of soil amendments indicated that chicken manure at
7.5% of the total mass and the combination of (sawdust+ +chicken manure+botanical compost) at
7.5% improved water holding capacity the most compared to the control and other treatments.
Overall, the study appears to be a significant contribution to improving agriculture in regions withsandy loam soil and limited water resources, such as Afghanistan. It offers practical guidance on
soil management for better crop yields in these challenging conditions.
Keywords: soil amendments, water holding capacity, sandy loam soil

26

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-12

Performance of a Covered Lagoon Digester in Wastewater
Treatments from Mango Processing
Chan Makara MEANab*, Lyhour HINab, Meng Chhay KIMab, Buntha KUNb, Dyna THENGab, Nareth
NUTa, and Lytour LORabaFaculty of Agricultural Biosystems Engineering, Royal University of Agriculture (RUA), Dangkor
district, Phnom Penh, CambodiabBiogas Technology and Information Center (BTIC), Royal University of Agriculture (RUA),
Dangkor district, Phnom Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding author: meanmakara321@gmail.com

Abstract
In 2022, Cambodia exported more than 163,400 tons of fresh mangoes and 18,490 tons of driedmangoes. Currently, about 250–300 tons of fresh mango are processed daily. With this production
volume, wastewater treatment is still a major concern and must be handled properly. This study
aimed to (1) ascertain the physio-chemical characteristics of wastewater; (2) estimate the biogas
production and its quality; and (3) determine the greenhouse gas emission reductions throughout
the installation of the lagoon digester. The study was carried out from July to November 2023 inTreng Trayoeung commune, Phnom Srouch district, Kampong Speu province, with a lagoon
digester volume of 6,000 m3. The factory produced up to 300 m3 of wastewater per day, which wasthen treated with NaOH and powdered calcium carbonate to raise the pH before the feedstock was
released into the lagoon pond. Three wastewater samples were taken by the lab for measurementof chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS),
total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphate (TP), total potassium (TK), and pH
both before and after treatment. The biogas production was estimated and measured using thevortex flow meter, while a portable biogas analyzer was used to measure the biogas quality. As aresult, the COD concentration of wastewater was 28,400 mg/L (above the standard), whereas the
COD concentration was reduced to 15,000 mg/L, or 47%, after treatment. It was estimated that thebiogas generation would yield 2,541 Nm3/day. While the H S concentration was over 5,000 parts
per million (permissible norm <200 ppm), the CH content was 52%. In conclusion, the firm canlower the COD concentration and benefit from using biogas instead of LPG gas for cooking andboiling. The factory may have decreased carbon gas emissions by approximately 10,570 tCO eq
annually.
2

42

Keywords: lagoon digester, biogas, wastewater treatment, greenhouse gas, COD

27

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-13

Recycling of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Urban Wastewater Using CalciumSilicate-Hydrate (CSH): Case Study in Cambodia
Somara OUMa*, Narong TOUCH b, and Machito MIHARAba

Graduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: oum.somara128@gmail.com

Abstract
The effluents from wastewater contain nutrients that have been identified as the primary causes of
eutrophication in natural waters. A case study from Cheung Ek, an urban wastewater lake in
Cambodia, has indicated polluted with NH (18-22 mg/L) and PO (2.3-4.6 mg/L). Even thoughphytoremediation through water morning glory cultivation was introduced into the lake, only acertain amount of nutrients can be removed from the lake’s water (65.22% and 17.36% for NO
and PO , respectively). Hence, this wastewater’s lake must receive suitable treatment before being
discharged into other water bodies. Low-cost and high-performance materials or techniques that
could synergistically remove pollutants in a simple manner are highly desired. Therefore, the main
goal of this research study is to evaluate the CSH synthesized from calcium carbonate (CaCO ) andrice husk ash as a promising strategy both economically and environmentally friendly for
wastewater treatment as well as nitrogen and phosphorus recovery. The CSH material was
prepared by combining calcium carbonate (CaCO ) and rice husk ash with a ratio (1:4) and mixed
with 75% deionized water. Following the mixing process with a vibrator, the CSH was kept in themold for 3 weeks at room temperature before starting the experiment. The absorption experimentconsiders parameters such as pH, EC, Ca, K, NH , and PO in 2 weeks period. Results of theabsorption experiment indicated that CSH can effectively remove nutrients from wastewater,
achieving removal rates of 96% - 98% for NH and 96% - 97% for PO . The absorption capacity of
CSH remains consistent over one week across all scenarios, with the highest nutrient absorption
observed in cases with 3 minutes of vibrations. These results suggest that CSH, derived from CaCO
and rice husk ash, could serve as a cost-effective solution to water pollution in Cambodia, given
the material's affordability and widespread availability throughout the country.
4

+

34

3

4

3-

3

3

4

+
4

+

4

3-

34

3

Keywords: nutrients recycling, CSH, Cambodia

28

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-14

The Bio Circular Dairy Farming Model of Thai-Danish Dairy Cooperatives Lam
Phaya Klang Limited, Saraburi Province, Thailand
Anucha WITTAYAKORN-PURIPUNPINYOOa*a

School of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Parkkred,
Nontaburi, Thailand, 11120*Corresponding email: puanucha@windowslive.com

Abstract
To respond to the Bio Circular Green Economy (BCG) of the Thai Government, Thai-Danish Dairy
Cooperative Lam Phaya Klang Limited launched the Bio Circular Dairy Farming Model to generate
the model for community economic development by using waste from dairy farms to create thevalue added which comprised of 1) production of compost from cow dung, 2) production of biogas
from wastewater, 3) raising tilapia in farm wastewater treatment ponds, 4) growing mushrooms
from leftover straw, and 5) production of milk fertilizer from inferior quality milk. The research
objective was to evaluate the cost-benefit of these projects. The financial analysis was applied with
the Benefit Cost Ratio (BC Ratio), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The
primary data on cost and benefit were collected from the cooperatives. Also, in-depth interviewsof cooperative members and the community were collected to evaluate their acceptance andsatisfaction. Questionnaires and interview forms were utilized as tools for data collection. In total,
there are 536 cooperative members. Using Yamane's formula and allowing a 5 percent error todetermine the sample size, it turned out to be 147 individuals as the sample size. The purposive
sampling technique was applied for in-depth interviews of 50 individuals. The research showedthat all 5 projects under the Bio Circular Dairy Farming Model of Thai-Danish Dairy Cooperative(Lam Phaya Klang) Limited were financially worthwhile. Cooperatives, members, and thecommunity had their great satisfaction and full acceptance. This meant that the Bio Circular Dairy
Farming Model has been and is still the best practice project to respond to the BCG economy policyof the Thai Government to move forward with the sustainable development of the Thai economy.
Keywords: bio circular, dairy farming, financial analysis, dairy cooperatives

29

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-17

Ecotourism in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review of Ecotourism Activities andFactors Determining Tourists' Willingness to Pay for Ecosystem and Biodiversity
Protection
Desvia Norita ANGELINAa* and Adcharaporn PAGDEEba

Master’s Student in Bioscience and Bioinnovation for Sustainability (International Program),
Department of Integrated Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen Universityb
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University
123 Moo 16 Mittraphap Hwy., Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand*Corresponding email: desvianorita.a@kkumail.com

Abstract
Ecotourism is defined as responsible traveling to natural areas that help protect ecosystems,
conserve biodiversity, sustain local livelihoods, and involve interpretation and education. Globally,
ecotourism manifests in a rich array of activities and exhibits a spectrum of success. Whileecotourism demonstrates the potential to generate income, create job opportunities, and raise
tourist awareness, there is a concern over the effective protection of local ecosystems andbiodiversity. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and analyzed 72 articles published on
Scopus and ProQuest during 2019-2023. The study investigated ecotourism practices in Southeast
Asia (SEA) – one of the world’s most popular destinations for ecotourism and examined factors
determining tourists’ willingness to pay (WTP) to protect ecosystems and biodiversity in this region.
Ecotourism in SEA focused on nature-based recreation from mountains down to beaches and seas,
together with local tradition and cultural exposure known as a “homestay.” Ecotourism markets
mainly serve domestic tourists but with a growing number of international travelers. Tourists were
unaware of management activities such as wildlife protection, fire prevention, and invasive species
control rather than educational communication such as nature trails and signs. However, tourists
expressed their WTP for biodiversity and ecosystem protection, especially extra payments on local
tour guides, recreational facilities, and conservation packages, such as bird watching, coral reef
restoration, and firefly conservation. Amounts of WTP varied depending on the country, from aminimum of US$ 0.07 to a maximum of US$ 48 per visit. Education, age, and perception of tourists
were identified as key factors determining tourists’ WTP. Integration of educational activities toraise tourist awareness and promote their actions in biodiversity protection across ages is crucial
for effective ecotourism.
Keywords: ecotourism, willingness to pay, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem protection

30

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-18

Long-Term Hydrologic Trend Analysis of Diamphwe River Basinin Central Malawi
Kenford A.B. LUWEYAa, Lameck FIWAb, Ke ZHANGc, Sarvesh MASKEYd,
Hiroko GONOe, and Hiromu OKAZAWAd*
Graduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
Agricultural Engineering Department, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
Malawic
Japan International Research Center of Agricultural Sciences, JapandFaculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japane
Faculty of International Agriculture and Food Studies, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: h1okazaw@nodai.ac.jpabAbstract
Extreme weather events in developing countries can cause socio-economic consequences,
livelihood losses, and increased costs. Identifying these events is crucial for managing water
resources, often done through trend analysis of climatic and hydrologic events. The study focuseson the Diamphwe river basin in central Malawi, a vital region supporting wetlands, ecosystems,
agriculture, and water supplies as well as rainfed and vegetable winter cropping for Dedza and
Lilongwe districts. Using statistical analysis methods such as Mann-Kendall, Pettit, andStandardized Precipitation Index (SPI), this study examined hydrologic trends from 1975 to 2010
to identify long-term hydrologic trends in the region that are important for improving agricultural
productivity. The research findings revealed that there is a high correlation between rainfall andriver discharge with decreasing trends over time. However, rainfall significantly impacts riverdischarge only during the rainy season. In the dry season, water for river discharge comes fromsources like aquifers and subsurface flow. Through the Pettit test and SPI, it was discovered that
1989 was a transition year, and the 1990-2000 decade was the dryer decade with the worst drought
during the 36 years. The study concludes that decreasing trends in rainfall and river discharge,
along with a sudden drop in 1989 and drought, indicate a changing climate in the river basin. Thischange is linked to factors like increased land use changes, leading to reduced forest land. The
research provides crucial knowledge for water and environmental stakeholders, aiding in thedevelopment of research-based, local-specific policies to mitigate and adapt to potential adverse
effects of climate change on society and the environment.
Keywords: climate change, trend, river discharge, rainfall, Mann-Kendall test, Pettitt test

31

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-21

Population Assessment of Agarwood (Aquilaria sp.) on Leyte Island
Lorraine Cristy E. CENIZAa*, Jimmy O. POGOSAb, Marlito M. Bandec, and Suzette B. LINAd
Institute of Tropical Ecology and Environmental Management, Visayas State University, Baybay
City, Leyte, Philippines.
bInstitute of Tropical Ecology and Environmental Management, Visayas State University, Baybay
City, Leyte, PhilippinescInstitute of Tropical Ecology and Environmental Management, Visayas State University, Baybay
City, Leyte, PhilippinesdDepartment of Soil Science, Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines*Corresponding email: lorrainecristy.ceniza@vsu.edu.phaAbstract
Aquilaria trees are known for producing the world’s most expensive oils which are naturally
occurring throughout the Philippines. Agarwood, eaglewood, gaharu, aloeswood - these are justfew of the names for the resinous, fragrant, and highly valuable heartwood produced by Aquilaria
malaccensis and other species of the Indo-Malesian tree under the genus Aquilaria. Agarwood is a
resinous part of the non-timber Aquilaria tree, which is a highly valuable product for medicine andfragrance purposes, but illegal harvests and trade further undermine efforts to manage theexploitation of Aquilaria species. It has been reported to be extinct in the wild due to the heavy
exploitation of agarwood resources. In the Philippines, there are few published information available
on the ecological and population status of Aquilaria, which is an important factor to determine theoptimum requirements to develop Aquilaria-based production system. Hence, this study wasconceptualized to assess the population status of Aquilaria in the natural habitat. The results
revealed that there were two species of Aquilaria documented in the study site, namely: A.
malaccensis and A. cumingiana. Moreover, statistical analysis showed a significant (p≤0.05)
difference on the population and species composition of Aquilaria in relation to different
topographic expositions. The plant height and diameter at breast height of matured Aquilaria
recorded at the south-oriented are significantly (p≤0.05) taller and bigger compared to eastoriented and west-oriented. Therefore, it is highly recommended that Aquilaria should be protectedparticularly A. malaccensis since it is rare and considered a new record of occurrence on Leyte
Island as one of the significant findings of the study. The establishment of an Aquilaria-based
production system is necessary to minimize or reduce the overexploitation of Aquilaria in the wildand eventually conserve the remaining population within the natural habitat.
Keywords: Aquilaria, topographic expositions, agarwood, population status

32

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-25

Preliminary Survey on Farmers' Perceptions of Environmental Protection in
Okinawa Prefecture, Japan
Naoko OKAa* and Toshihiko ANZAIa
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Japan*Corresponding email: okanaoko@affrc.go.jp
Abstract
Increasing environmental impact is an urgent global issue, especially climate change, biodiversity,
land use, nitrogen, and phosphorus, which are pointed to exceeding their limits. Agriculture, whichchanges the landscape and inputs nitrogen and phosphorus as fertilizer into the farmland, is oneof the significant load sources and is required to take measures to reduce the environmental load
simultaneously and increase production volume to support a growing global population. To addressthese issues, technologies to reduce environmental loads or methods to assess ecological changes
have been developed, but in some cases, farmers do not adopt the technologies as expected. Thereis a growing need to reconsider the technology adaptation based on farmers' perceptions andintentions. Okinawa Prefecture, a sub-tropical region in Japan, has made many efforts to prevent
soil runoff into the coral reef surrounding its islands, including establishing the ordinance on red
soil erosion prevention, monitoring the coral reef environment based on a prefectural masterplan,and supporting farmers to adapt prevention measures. However, it is reported that the estimatedreduction volume from the farmland is not high and that runoff from farms accounts for most of
the total runoff volume; thus, prevention measures need to be promoted more (2019, Okinawa
Prefecture). This study explores the farmers' perception of taking prevention measures on theirfarmland to find more effective ways to promote prevention measures. As a preliminary survey,
we conducted an interview and questionnaire survey to build a hypothesis on the mechanism ofenvironmentally conscious behavior in agricultural production, involving farmers, non-farmers, andthe Coordinators on Agriculture and Environment who function as intermediary supporters of local
governments and farmers whose farms are in the basin area connected to the critical monitoringsea areas outlined in the master plan, which is reported here.
Keywords: conscious behavior, island, environmental conservation, agriculture, erosion

33

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-28

Evaluation of Chemical Contaminants in Recycled Water for Firefighting Purposes
Barry N. NOLLERa*a

The University of Queensland, Sustainable Minerals Institute, St Lucia Queensland 4072,
Australia*Corresponding email: b.noller@uq.edu.au

Abstract
Recycled water provides a viable means to supplement the water supply. Wastewater generated
may be treated for drinking water supply and other purposes. Drivers to use purified recycled water
are climate change, severe drought, rainfall-independent water supply, seawater desalination, andpurified water supplies. Recycled water has been recognized as an additional input to water use inboth urban and farming communities. A particular application of water from its regular supply points
is for firefighting when water supply is limited. A review of the potential risks that might apply to
firefighters identified that specific and explicit guidance exists endorsing the use of Queensland
Class A+ recycled water for firefighting is appropriate. Based on existing domestic and international
guidance, seeking to use the highest class of recycled water, the Queensland Class A+ canreasonably be permitted for firefighting use. A study of chemical contaminants was undertaken ata water treatment facility producing recycled water, which was used for dual reticulation and open
space firefighting but not yet for firefighting purposes. The health risks to firefighters from recycledwater mains were associated with the chemical and endotoxin composition of Class A+ recycledwater produced by the advanced water treatment plant compared to potable water supply. Whilst
the coverage of microbial hazards was detailed, the specific reference to chemical hazards waslimited to endotoxins and briefly mentioned the health effects from exposure to chemicals throughchronic exposure to contaminated water rather than from short-term (acute) exposure. Finally, thecomprehensive data set of microbiological data from the other study and the current chemical
contaminant study were combined in a more informed risk assessment. The overall finding fromthe risk assessment was that provided additional controls were implemented, the Class A+ recycledwater from the water treatment facility used in this study would be safe for fighting.
Keywords: wastewater, recycle, firefighting, human health, risk assessment

34

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-29

Study on Local Awareness and Perception of Fertilizer Application:
A Case Study in Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka
Arachchillage Buddhika Priyadarshani BANDARA a* and Machito MIHARAaba

Graduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: abpbandara@gmail.comb

Abstract
Sri Lanka, with a rich history of two thousand five hundred years, has long been rooted in an
agricultural-based civilization. Recent statistics reveal that agriculture constitutes 10% of the overall
economy and engages 26% of the labor force, portraying the pivotal role of the agricultural sector
in the country's economic growth. Rice, a staple in the main diet of Sri Lankans, is primarily sourced
from extensive paddy cultivations spanning all districts of the country. Paddy cultivation,
predominantly practiced as a wetland crop, thrives in the tropical climate. The use of fertilizer inpaddy cultivation significantly influences its overall output. Farming practices heavily rely on large
amounts of inorganic fertilizer, providing quick merits but posing substantial impacts on paddy soil
and the environment. This underscores the pressing need for a shift towards sustainable farming
strategies involving organic fertilizer. This study aims to delve into local awareness and perceptions
regarding fertilizer application. Seventy farmers within the Tisa Wewa Irrigation Scheme in theAnuradhapura district were randomly selected for the study. Data collection involved structured
questionnaires and in-depth individual discussions. The results revealed that 77.1% of the
population was aware of the advantages of organic fertilizers, yet only 21.4% were currently using
them. This gap was attributed to limitations arising from the high cost and low availability of manure,extended time and quantity requirements for nutrient acquisition, unavailability of suitable products,
and constraints related to the self-production of organic fertilizer. A preference for a mixed
application of organic and inorganic fertilizer was expressed by 87.1% of the respondents.
Furthermore, 94.3% of the population accepted the prospect of using effective and quality organic
fertilizers in the future. The findings of this study underscore the necessity for the development of
a new organic fertilizer product, paving the way for a more sustainable approach to paddy
cultivation.
Keywords: fertilizer application, paddy farmers, awareness, perception, Sri Lanka

35

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-30

Assessing the Efficiency of Different Biogas Generators in Energy Production
and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Commercial Pig Farms in Cambodia
Meng Chhay KIMab*, Lyhour HIN ab, Chan Makara MEANab, Dyna THENGab, Sovanndy YUTab,Nareth NUTa, Lytour LORab, and Gerald Hitzlera
Faculty of Agricultural Biosystems Engineering (FABE), Royal University of Agriculture (RUA),
Phnom Penh, CambodiabBiogas Technology and Information Center (BTIC), Royal University of Agriculture (RUA), Phnom
Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding author: kmengchay@rua.edu.khaAbstract
Covered lagoon digesters are commonly used by commercial pig farms in Cambodia to manage
their wastewater and produce biogas for electricity generation. In these biogas systems, dual or
modified pure biogas generators are utilized, but the efficiency of different generators has not been
identified concretely in this country. Therefore, the study aimed (1) to determine biogas production
and quality in two pig farms, (2) to compare the working performance of a pure biogas generator
and a dual generator, and (3) to estimate CO emission reduction in the two cases. The study was
carried out between May 2022 and May 2023 on two large-scale pig farms that fully operated
biogas systems. The first farm operated an all-in-all-out system with 8,000 fattening pigs in
Kampong Speu Province, while the second farm operated a full system with 5,000 fattening pigs
and 600 sows. The portable biogas analyzer, electrical power logger, and vortex flowmeter wereused to measure biogas quality and record the power consumption and daily biogas production.
The results show that the first farm produced 792 Nm /day, whereas the second farm produced
495 Nm /day of biogas daily. Additionally, the methane content in both cases was not significantly
different (60% of CH ). However, the dual generator can generate power up to 1,118 kWh/day, while
the pure biogas generator can produce only 743 kWh/day. The first farm that used the dual
generator could save up to 80% of total power consumption, whereas the second farm could save
only 24% due to a larger demand for electricity. Thus, the first farm (3,408.2 tCO equ) could reduce
more greenhouse gas emissions than the latter (697.8 tCO equ). In Conclusion, using biogas cantreat wastewater to produce electricity, save electricity costs, and reduce greenhouse gas
emissions.
2

3

3

4

2

2

Keywords: covered lagoon, pig farm, biogas, electricity, dual generator, and greenhouse gas

36

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-31

Detecting and Tracking the Positions of Deer Using Sound Recordings at
Ozegahara Wetland in 2023
Kazuo OKIab* Masayasu MAKIc, Tadanobu OKUMURAd, Masahiro ONISHId,
Salem Ibrahim SALEMa, and Sakae SHIRAYAMAaa

Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Japanb
The University of Tokyo, Japanc
Fukusima Universiy, Japand
Wildlife Management Office Inc, Japan*Corresponding email: oki.kazuo@kuas.ac.jp

Abstract
Ozegahara is the largest peatland high marsh in Honshu area, Japan, measuring 6 km from east to
west and 2 km from north to south, with an area of approximately 8 km2. It is thought to have been
formed around 6,000 years ago, making it valuable in 2005. It was registered as a wetland under
the Ramsar Convention due to the large plant community growing here. On the other hand, since
the mid-1990s, the Japanese deer (Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838, hereinafter referred to as"deer") has been observed, and the natural environment and vegetation of the area are being
affected by deer. There are concerns that the impacts will become apparent and irreversible
impacts on the ecosystem. Up until now, changes in the number of sightings based on light census
surveys have been mainly used as an indicator of the deer population in Ozegahara. However, light
census surveys are strongly influenced by weather conditions and deer movement on that day.
There is a problem of large observation errors in the data. There are also dung pellet surveys, dung
particle surveys, and zoning methods, but these methods involve walking around ridges andmountains looking for deer and their traces and are difficult to find in wet areas where it is difficultfor humans to explore. These are not suitable for wetlands such as Ozegahara. To date, the authors
have used multiple microphones to observe the "fee-yo fee-yo" calls of male deer during thebreeding season (mid-September to November) in the Ozegahara wetland. We have used the data
and developed a method to instantly identify the location of the crying. In this study, we attempted
to compare deer movement ranges and observations in the Ozegahara wetland area in 2023 using
this multiple microphone system with past observations.
Keywords: multiple microphones, deer crying, deer population, remote sensing

37

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-36

Environmental Factors Relating to Termite Mound Distribution in Dry Dipterocarp
Forest on the Khon Kaen University Campus
Phoorit LEELAN a, Araya PHANOMKHETa, and Adcharaporn PAGDEEb*
BSc. student, department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science,
Khon Kaen University, 40002, Khon Kaen Thailandb
Assoc. Prof., Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science,
Khon Kaen University, 40002, Khon Kaen Thailand*Corresponding email: adcpag@kku.ac.thaAbstract“Sustainable green campus” is one of the efforts academia contributes to building sustainable cities
and communities (Sustainable Development Goal: SDG 11). Protection of natural habitats,biodiversity, and ecosystem services can be executed not only in protected areas but also on
university campuses. Large patches of Dry Dipterocarp Forest, a major vegetation in northeast
Thailand, extend throughout the Khon Kaen University (KKU) campus. To maintain forest
biodiversity and ecosystem services, especially a living laboratory for students, KKU, incollaboration with the Department of Environmental Science, established a permanent plot in 2022
for long-term ecological monitoring. Tree inventory, including name tag, diameter at breast height,
and coordinates, was done. In this series of student research projects, we present a study
examining environmental factors relating to termite mound distribution on the KKU’s permanentplot. A total of 45 sampling points were located 25m apart, started from the upper left down to thebottom right corner of the permanent plot. At each sampling point, the presence/absence of termite
mound(s) was noted, and environmental conditions were measured, including climatic factors, soil
conditions, elevation, and surrounding vegetation within a 5m radius. If the mound is present, a
number of mounds and mound dimensions (max. width and height) were recorded. A total of seventermite mounds were observed with an average size of 0.48x0.22 m, randomly distributing
throughout the permanent plot. All the seven mounds were established individually without
neighboring mounds but with higher tree densities surrounded. All tested environmental variables
did not show any significant differences between locations where the mounds were present orabsent, except soil moisture. Termite mounds were found in areas where percentage of soil
moisture was significantly higher than those locations where the mounds were not observed (ttest, p-value < 0.05). Soil conditions, especially moisture, pre-determine where termites will build
their mound.
Keywords: environmental factors, termite mound distribution, dry Dipterocarp Forest,
Khon Kaen University

38Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-37

Potential of Waste Bank Establishment for Waste Management at the Faculty of
Science, Khon Kaen University
Takdanai PHANSAWATa, Jinnatam SUEBPHENGa, and Adcharaporn PAGDEEb*
BSc. student, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science,
Khon Kaen University, 40002, Khon Kaen Thailandb
Assoc. Prof., Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science,
Khon Kaen University, 40002, Khon Kaen Thailand*Corresponding email: adcpag@kku.ac.thaAbstract
Recycling is one key component of effective waste management. Adding monetary value to thewaste incentivizes people to participate in waste recycling. In Thailand, a so-called “waste bank”
has been introduced for at least two decades, aiming to improve public participation in waste
management, especially in villages, schools, and even universities. In this series of student
research projects, the potential of waste bank establishment at the Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen
University (KKU) was assessed, including student willingness to participate and their actual
involvement in waste bank activities. An investigation at the Department of Environmental Science(ES) was conducted from August to October 2023 focused on undergraduate students. Since they
have learned and taken courses in environmental management, including waste management, they
can act as trail blazers for waste bank establishment at the faculty. The study consists of two parts:
1) an online questionnaire to examine student’s willingness to participate in waste bankestablishment and 2) an action experiment to observe student’s final decisions to actually be
involved in waste bank activities. A total of 204 students responded to the online questionnaire(~81% of the total number of ES students), of which 70% were female. The two largest groups ofparticipants are fourth year and third-year students (37% and 25%, respectively). Approximately
89% of the respondents were familiar with the waste bank concept, and 83% expressed their
willingness to participate in waste bank establishment, with around 55% confidence in involving in
waste bank activities. However, less than 5% of the students actually participated in a one-month
period of waste bank demonstration at the Department. These findings illustrate a big gap between
knowing and acting even among a group of people studying ES, and clearly confirm the limited
potential of waste bank establishment. Participation is a big challenge for effective environmental
management.
Keywords: waste bank, waste management, environmental science students, Khon Kaen University

39

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-38

Relationships Between Undergrowth Flora and Canopy Gap at Dry Dipterocarp
Forest in Khon Kaen University
Kanchana CHAENGPHAIa, Maengpor SONMANEEa, and Adcharaporn PAGDEEb*
BSc. student, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University,
40002, Khon Kaen, Thailandb
Assoc. Prof., Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University,
40002, Khon Kaen, Thailand*Corresponding email: adcpag@kku.ac.thaAbstract
The structure and species composition of undergrowth flora in deciduous forests are unique, andso are they in evergreen forests, differing the two vegetations. Forest gaps play a key role indetermining amounts of sunlight penetrating the forest floor and consequently influencing otherenvironmental factors such as temperature and humidity. In this series of student research projects
at Khon Kaen University (KKU), we illustrated relationships between undergrowth flora and canopy
gap in a Dry Dipterocarp Forest (DDF) on KKU’s permanent plot, established in 2022 for long-term
ecological monitoring. A total of 45 sampling plots (5x5m) were located 25m apart from the plot
center, starting from the upper left down to the bottom right corner of the 2-ha permanent plot. In
all sampling plots, undergrowth flora species and area coverage (%) were recorded in which
environmental factors were measured, including climate conditions, soil factors, and surrounding
tree density within a 5.6m radius from the plot center. Canopy gaps were captured and quantified
using ImageJ – the hemispherical and canopy photographing software. In total, 52 undergrowth
flora species from 31 families were identified, with four remaining unknown. Overall vegetative
cover was measured at 54.89%, of which 34.72% were dominated by native species and 20.17%
were exotic plants, including invasive alien species. The average size of the canopy gap was 26.79%.
There are no significant correlations between canopy gap (%), undergrowth flora diversity (# ofspecies), and density (% coverage). However, significant connections between the ratios of area
coverage of exotic and native plants and canopy gap (%), light intensity (lux), and surrounding tree
density (trees/Rai) were observed (r = 0.335, 0.302, and -0.295, respectively). Amounts of exotic
plant coverage were higher when the canopy gap and light intensity increased but lower when tree
density increased. Protecting the trees will help control the spreading of exotic species.
Keywords: undergrowth flora, canopy gap, environmental factors, Dry Dipterocarp Forest,
Khon Kaen University

40

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-39

Economic Value of Carbon Storage in Forest Trees: An Ecosystem Service fromDry Dipterocarp Forest at Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Narongchai NAMKORTa, Natchanon THIRATANABOONa, and Adcharaporn PAGDEEb*
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Khon
Kaen Thailandb
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Khon
Kaen Thailand*Corresponding email: adcpag@kku.ac.thaAbstract
Climate change is a global issue that threatens biodiversity, ecosystem services, and our well-being.
The United Nations includes Climate Action in one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG
13), amplifying the needs and contributions of all stakeholders, including academia, to cope withclimate change. In this series of student research projects, the economic value of carbon storage
in forest trees in the dry Dipterocarp Forest at Khon Kaen University (KKU), Thailand, was measured.
It depicts a local climate regulation service from the forest. Protecting it demonstrates KKU’s
commitment to climate action and sustainable development. A study took place on the KKU’s
permanent plot, which was established in 2022 for long-term ecological monitoring. All trees withgirth at breast height (GBH) ≥ 14cm were measured in their GBH and height. An allometry equation(Ogawa et al., 1965) was used to estimate amounts of tree biomass while quantifying amounts ofcarbon storage was based on the IPCC (2006) equation, and the economic value of carbon storage
was measured according to 2023 carbon credit prices from Thailand’s Greenhouse Gas
Management Organization. In total, 610 trees were measured (tree density 610 trees/ha), including
40 species from 38 genera and 21 families, with an average GBH 57.32 cm and a height of 12.79
m. Total amounts of tree biomass were estimated at 183.49 tons, storing amounts of carbon of
86.24 tons or equivalent to 316.21 tons CO . These amounts were valued at approximately
US$ 2,585 per ha (at a purchase price of US$ 8.18 per ton of CO ). The estimated area of the DDF
on the KKU campus is at least 25.2 ha. Therefore, the total economic value from carbon storage inforest trees was estimated at least US$ 65,143 – a valuable treasure line on the KKU campus.
2

2

Keywords: economic value, carbon storage, forest ecosystem service, Khon Kaen University

41

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-40

Factors Relating to the Ecological Footprint of Students at Khon Kaen University,
Thailand
Chonrada KOONSRIMAKa, Kanphitcha JANPHITCHAa, and Adcharaporn PAGDEEb*
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Khon
Kaen, Thailandb
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, 40002, Khon
Kaen, Thailand*Corresponding email: adcpag@kku.ac.thaAbstract
Effective environmental management requires participation from all stakeholders, including
academia – and university citizens, to take action for sustainable development. Khon Kaen
University (KKU), one of Thailand’s leading universities, is making a commitment to reachhumanity’s goals – the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In a series of student research
projects, this study investigated KKU’s undergraduate student consumption practices by measuring
their ecological footprints (EF) and examining factors relating to the EF. A Google form-based online
questionnaire covering student backgrounds and activities describing their food consumption andenergy use was conducted from August to October 2023. Calculation of students’ EF, as well ascarbon footprint and Earth overshoot day, was performed using the Global Footprint Network
application. A total of 405 undergraduate students participated in the online questionnaire. The
majority of students studied Humanity and Social Sciences (46%), followed by Sciences andTechnologies (34%) and Medical Sciences (20%). Fourth year and first-year students participatedin the survey the most, accounting for 29% and 25%, respectively. The average monthly allowance
was 7,700 Baht. Approximately 41% lived in KKU dormitories, 50% lived in off-campus apartments,
and 9% lived with their family. The majority of students (>60%) had heard of EF and carbon footprint
but did not understand how such footprints were measured. The average size of EF was 5.27
gha/student with a carbon footprint of 6.81 tons CO equivalent/student. The Earth overshoot day
was April 27, 2023, indicating that students' daily consumption had already surpassed the Earth's
biological capacity. One-way analysis of variance illustrated a significant difference in EF among
students from different years (p-value<0.05), while other factors, such as monthly allowance andstudent’s major, did not show any significant connections with the EF. Higher-year students tended
to consume more resources and energy, making their EF bigger than that of low-year students.
2

Keywords: ecological footprint, carbon footprint, earth overshoot day, Khon Kaen University

42

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-41

Environmental Factors Relating to Tree Selection for Nesting of Green Tree Ants
(Oecophylla smaragdina) on Khon Kaen University Campus
Patompong SINGTONGa and Adcharaporn PAGDEEb*a

Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University 40002, Thailand
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University 40002, Thailand*Corresponding email: adcpag@kku.ac.thb

Abstract
This study is part of a series of student research projects aiming to establish baseline data on
ecosystem services and environmental conditions at Khon Kaen University (KKU) Thailand. The
study examined environmental factors relating to tree selection for nesting of green tree ants
(Oecophylla smaragdina) – a species with high economic value due to a large demand for theirqueen broods and eggs. A kilogram of queen broods and eggs of the green tree ants can reach up
to 1,000 Baht or nearly US$ 30, incentivizing people to harvest them for income generation evenon KKU campus. A total of 60 trees with girth at breast height (GBH) at least 30 cm were selectedfrom two locations: a dry Dipterocarp Forest (DDF, n = 30) and a forest patch at the Faculty of
Humanity and Social Sciences (HUSO, n = 30). Two rounds of field observation were conducted in
July-August and September-October (SO) 2023. Tree species and structure i.e., tree height, GBH,
crown depth and shape, and leaf types were recorded with a number of nests on trees andenvironmental factors i.e., air temperature and light intensity, around the observed trees. A numberof nests recorded in July-August were fewer than what observed in September-October, while anumber of nests on trees in the DDF were greater than in the HUSO. A total of 115 nests from 28
trees altogether were recorded with an average of 4.11 nests per tree. The majority of nests(59.13% of the total number of nests) were larger than 5cm of maximum length. Tree height, crowndepth and temperature did not show any influence on the nesting, whereas GBH and light intensity
did (p-value < 0.05). Green tree ants tended to select trees with smaller GBH but higher lightintensity for their nesting.
Keywords: green tree ant, environmental factors, nesting, dry Dipterocarp Forest,
Khon Kaen University

43

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-44

Evaluation of Salt-affected Farmland by Different Sensing Methods
Tadao YAMAMOTOa*, Takashi KUMEb, Katsuyuki SHIMIZUc, and Chuleemas Boonthai IWAId
Hokkaido University, Japanb
Ehime University, JapancTottori University, JapandKhon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding email: tady@agr.hokudai.ac.jpaAbstract
In recent years, remote sensing has been used to determine the condition of salt-affected farmland.
However, a large amount of on-site sensing data and complex protocols are required to identify
the condition accurately. Therefore, it is difficult for farmers to determine soil salinization status
quickly. In this study, we compared different on-site and remote sensing methods, which are
relatively simple, capture the condition of soil salinization at the field level, and discuss points tokeep in mind when assessing salt-affected farmland. Apparent electric conductivity (EC ) maps
obtained from electromagnetic induction instrumentation as on-site sensing indicated that salt wasmore abundant in the shallow than in the deep layer. In those layers, the values tended to be higher
downstream than upstream. On the other hand, the salinity index map (EC equivalent) obtained
from multispectral imagery using UAV showed that salinity tended to be distributed upstream rather
than downstream. In order to utilize simple on-site or remote sensing for evaluating salt-affectedfarmland, the following points should be noted. Remote sensing is effective in understanding soil
salinization at a given time because it provides information on the distribution of salt on the soil
surface. However, it is difficult to predict the damage potential. Therefore, remote sensing
effectively predicts soil salinization for temporary measures such as desalination by removing
topsoil. On the other hand, on-site sensing is desirable for predicting future soil salinization andimplementing fundamental countermeasures, even if it takes more time and effort.
a

1:5

Keywords: soil salinization, electromagnetic induction, multispectral image, salinity index,
Geographic Information System (GIS)44

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-47

Predicting the Water Vapor Movement in Unsaturated Soil
Sunny Eng Giap GOHa*, Khairul Ikhwan MOHD JAMALLUDINa, and Mohammad Fadhli AHMADaa

Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus,
Terengganu, Malaysia*Corresponding email: sunnygoh@gmail.com

Abstract
The water entering the soil surface through a mechanism that is better known as diffusion where
the water mass movement depends on the differential soil water pressure. The water mass ismoving from a high-pressure soil region to the low. Another mechanism would be the gravitational
pull that continuously pulls water mass to move downward. In addition to liquid water, water vapor
is another phase (gas) that mechanism(s) would be driving vapor mass movement in theunsaturated soil. Similar to water mass, the water vapor mass movement is also governed bydiffusion mechanism in the air space in the soil. However, soil under temperature gradient condition,water vapor mass movement appears to be four to ten times more than that can be given bydiffusion equation. Hence, this has triggered many interests from the scientific community as towhat mechanism(s) could have made up this additional mass flux in the unsaturated soil. While
Richards’ equation is commonly used to govern liquid water mass movement and to model soil
moisture content distribution in the unsaturated soil, the water vapor mechanism contributing tosoil moisture content distribution would remain significant. Both liquid water and water vapor
movement mechanisms are important to predict soil moisture distribution in the soil. In the current
study, we explore the contribution of water vapor mass movement in the overall mass movementin unsaturated soil. The study found that water vapor mass movement is equally significant as themass flux given by the force of gravity. In addition, our study is pointing to the possible explorationof other water vapor mechanisms that remained unknown to the soil physicist.
Keywords: vapor flux, soil water content distribution, vapor enhancement factor, vapor movement
mechanism, water vapor diffusion

45

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

ESD-15-01

High Entrepreneurial Intention Among Agricultural Students in Adverse
Business Environment: Findings from a Cross-sectional Study in Haiti
Rival VALCINa*, Tomohiro UCHIYAMAa, Absalon PIERREb, and Bénédique PAUb
Graduate School of International Food and Agricultural Studies,Tokyo University of Agriculture,
Chome-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya City, Tokyo 156-8502, Japanb
Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental de Sciences, Quisqueya University,
Port-au-Price, Haiti (zip code: HT6120)
https://orcid.org/my-orcid?orcid=0000-0003-1423-4097
Postal Code: 214-0034
Address Street &amp;amp; Bldg.: (2-3297 Shibata Sou 301)
Phone: +81 70 4217-3794*Corresponding Author: Email: rivalcing7@gmail.com
13822002@nodai.ac.jpaAbstract
Risk-taking propensity and optimism are among the most relevant entrepreneurial traits. However,people tend to be less intentional about creating new ventures in a hazardous business environment.
Therefore, this study focused on Haitian Agri-students as potential future agricultural entrepreneurs.
An online survey took place in the middle of a socio-political and economic crisis (winter 2022). In
total, 302 students from 33 agricultural schools were surveyed. In addition, the theory of plan
behavior was used to suggest an alternative model for Agri-students under particular
circumstances. The model was estimated using a Weighted Least Square (WLS) Analysis.
Motivated by successful role models and the relentless quest for autonomy, Agri-students
demonstrate high willingness (97.4%) and intention (65.7%) toward entrepreneurship despite theadverse business environment. When the stakes are high, people tend to be risk averse, which
limits entrepreneurship. However, people in adverse situations exhibit a higher propensity to takerisks, particularly having limited alternatives. This study suggests that adverse environments candrive innovation and momentum for venture creation. The study concluded that entrepreneurial
training and a better operationalization of the funding system are crucial to enhancing students’readiness with regard to their intention to become agricultural entrepreneurs. As a premier of thiskind for Haiti, this study is meant to be an amplification and an alternative to the studies conductedon students majoring in entrepreneurship. We also suggest insights into detecting and weighing
the students’ entrepreneurial intentions.
Keywords: agricultural education, entrepreneurship intention, Haiti, business46

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

ESD-15-02

Land Use Changes and Deforestation Causes in the Last 30 Years using Satellite
Images in the Municipality of Cobija, Province of Pando, Bolivian Amazonia
Juan UEGO PEREZa* and Machito MIHARAba

Graduate School of Agri-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
Institute of environmental Rehabilitation and conservation, Tokyo Japan*Corresponding email: uego.juan@gmail.com

Abstract
This study conducts a comprehensive assessment of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes
and deforestation trends over the past three decades in the Cobija Municipality, Bolivian Amazonia.
Leveraging advanced Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques and satellite imagery, wedelve into the dynamic interplay between anthropogenic activities and environmental
transformations in this specific locale. methodology involves the extraction and analysis of highresolution satellite data, enabling a detailed examination of LULC changes and deforestation
patterns. The spatial and temporal dimensions of these alterations are scrutinized to unravel thecomplex drivers and implications of environmental shifts in the Cobija Municipality. Preliminary
findings reveal nuanced relationships between specific LULC transitions and corresponding
instances of deforestation. Through a meticulous spatial analysis, we identify key hotspots andtemporal trends, providing insights into the evolving landscape of this critical region. Moreover,
our study explores the potential impacts of these changes on biodiversity, ecosystem services, andthe overall ecological balance of the Bolivian Amazonia. The integration of LULC changes anddeforestation assessments in the Cobija Municipality not only enhances our understanding of local
environmental dynamics but also contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable land
management and conservation strategies. By highlighting the specific challenges and opportunities
within this geographic scope, our research aims to analyze how the deforestation is growing year
by year and inform policymakers, environmental practitioners, and local stakeholders engaged in
the preservation and sustainable development of the Bolivian Amazonia. This study serves as avaluable contribution to the ongoing dialogue surrounding the delicate balance between humanactivities and the preservation of one of the world's most vital and diverse ecosystems.
Keywords: Land Use and Land Cover (LULC), deforestation, satellite imagery, Amazonia

47

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

ESD-15-03

Factors Influencing the Accounting for Biological Assets: The Case of Selected
Agritourism Farms in the Philippines
Hanna D. MIRANDA-QUIBOTa* and Yasuo OHEb
Department of International Agribusiness Management, Graduate School of International Foodand Agricultural Studies, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japanb
Department of International Agribusiness Management, Graduate School of International Foodand Agricultural Studies, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: hdmiranda@up.edu.phaAbstract
The accounting standard for agriculture was introduced to harmonize the accounting proceduresof entities engaged in agricultural production. However, there has been little awareness of applying
the standard, especially in the agritourism industry. This study assessed the accounting practicesof selected agritourism farms in Region IV-A, Philippines. Specifically, it aims to identify the factorsthat influence their accounting practices. Interviews were conducted with 19 farms and theirfinancial records were reviewed. A descriptive analysis composed of mean rating and odds ratio
analysis were performed. Additionally, sentiment analysis was conducted to evaluate the attitudesof the respondents toward the factors that influence their practices. The results show that mostfarms do not recognize and measure their biological assets as per accounting standards. The
recognition and measurement of biological assets are based on their current practice and are notinfluenced by the provision of the standards. Only three farms recognize and measure biologicalassets using the fair market value approach. On the other hand, the preference of the owners or
the management and the ease of calculation contribute very extensively to the farm’s accounting
practices. Farms will have higher odds of adopting the standard if there is training in accounting
and if external auditors will recommend the use of the standard. Based on the sentiment analysis,
the recommendations of the auditors received a moderately positive score. It is further
recommended that education on the accounting of agriculture should be enhanced. An application
guideline must be developed to improve the accounting practices of agritourism farms and theircompliance with the accounting standard.
Keywords: agritourism, accounting practices, biological assets, odds ratio analysis, sentiment
analysis48

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

ESD-15-05

Characterization of Liming Materials Derived from Apple Snail Shell Biochar
Kasamaporn KAEWPROMa, Pancheewan PONPANG-NGAa*, and Praphat KAWICHAaa

Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University,
Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Thailand*Corresponding email: pancheewan.po@ku.th

Abstract
The production of biochar from waste golden apple snail shells was carried out through slow
pyrolysis processes conducted at an average temperature of 500°C, serving as a value-added
application for soil amendment, its functions as a liming material. The objective of this study is toquantify the main components and characteristics of golden apple snail shell biochar. The golden
apple snail shell biochar was crushed into a powdered condition and filtered through nylon sievesof three sizes: 500 micrometers, 250 micrometers, and 180 micrometers. A comparison was madewith raw golden apple snail shells. The results indicated that golden apple snail shell biochar filteredthrough 180 micrometers nylon sieves obtained the highest rate of CaCO at 86.78% with pH valueof 11.32. The maximal calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE) is determined to be 86.84%. Raw golden
apple snail shell filtered through 250 micrometers obtained the highest rate of CaCO at 78.79%
with pH value of 8.75. The maximal calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE) is determined to be 78.91%.
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images reveal pore structures only on the surface of thegolden apple snail shell biochar powder. The study concludes that apple snail shell biochar, with
its high calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE), can be an alternative liming material. With a high pH
and porosity, apple snail shell biochar has the potential to neutralize soil acidity, providing asustainable solution to waste management.
3

3

Keywords: biochar, calcium carbonate, golden apple snail shell, liming material

49

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

ESD-15-06

Effects of Forest Environmental Education on Awareness and Attitudes of Local
Students in Relation to Tree Survival Rate – Case of School Greening Activity in
Cambodia
Keiko AOKIa*, Kumiko KAWABEa, Santa PANDITa, and Machito MIHARAb
Institute of Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation, Headquarters, Japan
Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: hq-erecon@nifty.comabAbstract
The forest cover in Cambodia has decreased rapidly from 73% in 1960s to 41% in 2020. In Tbong Khmum
Province, natural forest covers only 20% in 2020, due to the expansion of plantations and farmlands, as wellas the excessive use of forest resources by a growing population. To strengthen the foundation for future
forest conservation for sustainable community development, an international NGO has been implementing
a series of participatory school greening activities aiming at the environmental education in collaboration
with local schools in Dambae District of Tbong Khmum Province. One of the significant challenges incommunity-based project is how to increase the participation rate of local students in planting andmanagement practices to maintain the survival rate of young seedlings, which require manpower to takecare for during their vulnerable early stage. So, research interests have been focused on how environmental
education contributes effectively to increase the awareness and attitudes of local students, ultimately aiming
to increase the tree survival rate. For this objective, the questionnaire surveys were conducted with 402
school students at 10 schools who participated in the environmental education activities in 2022. Additionally,in the following year in 2023, the field inspection was conducted to monitor the management practices,interview with school teachers, and evaluate the survival rates of trees at each school. The key findings
through the statistical analysis of the results were the strong correlations between the tree survival rates
and the degrees of students’ awareness of the importance of forest conservation (r=0.748*) as well as thepercentage of students’ awareness with responsibility in tree management (r=0.708*) at 95% confident
interval. Further consideration on the factors influencing local students to take responsible environmental
action, as well as the effective approach to environmental education are discussed in the manuscript.
Keywords: environmental education, ESD, school greening, tree survival rate, participation rate,environmental awareness and attitude, Cambodia

50Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

ESD-15-10

Geographic Features, Ecosystems Quality and Human Well-Being as Indicators of
Sustainability of the Island-Barangays of Bohol
Bernabe M. MIJARES JR.a*
Bohol Island State University, Bohol, Philippines*Corresponding email: mijaresjrb@gmail.com

aAbstract
Sustainable development (SD) is a global objective that is yet to be fully accomplished. In the Philippines,
SD has already been a national campaign since 1990 with PSSD and Philippine Agenda 21 as grand strides
of initiatives. But challenges continue to hinder its realization, the most lingering of which is localization.
This study addressed the problem of SD localization in the Philippines by determining SD in the community
level from the perspective of the local residents. In particular, island-communities were investigated where
resources were apparently limited to sustain the existence of their inhabitants. Specifically, it assessed thegeographic features, ecosystems quality and human well-being of the economically “poor” island-barangaysof Bohol and how these variables influence or affect each other. Descriptive-correlational design wasdeemed appropriate and hence was utilized to gather and analyze pertinent data.
Results reveal that (1) of the 9 island-barangays surveyed, Nasingin had the highest population with 2,045
individuals while Butan had the lowest at 569. Pamilacan was the biggest among them, with 144 hectares
as its land area, while Nasingin was the smallest at 3.6 hectares. Pamilacan was likewise the farthest with adistance registered at 15 kilometers from the mainland while Tintinan was the closest at 1.2 kilometers; (2)they were at a better level in their ecosystem’s quality; and (3) they were at a better level both in their socioeconomic sustainability or human well-being and personal well-being. And utilizing the Barometer of
Sustainability and the Egg of Sustainability as models of analyses, it was determined that the islandbarangays of Bohol were “potentially sustainable” and that indeed there was sustainability or sustainable
development among them.
All findings considered, this research concluded that (1) contrary to cited literatures, geographic
features such as population, land area and distance from the mainland did not significantly relate to theecosystems quality and human well-being of the island-barangays of Bohol; (2) despite limited resources,
the island-barangays of Bohol sustained community life because they were able to strike a balance andharmonized their social, economic, and environmental aspects evidenced by the positive and significant
correlation of their ecosystems quality and human well-being; (3) sustainability or sustainable development
was a more encompassing and multifaceted condition of a community or society. Hence, although theisland-barangays of Bohol were generally classified as economically “poor,” they were, however, “potentiallysustainable” and “sustainable” from the standpoint of the Barometer of Sustainability and Egg of
Sustainability, respectively; and (4) having accomplished the assessment process in the island-barangays
through its residents, this study had therefore addressed the lingering challenge of localization in the country.
In general, the research recommended that its results be disseminated to government agencies and otherstakeholders for policy development and implementation intervention measures.
Keywords: sustainable development, ecosystems quality, human well-being, Island-Barangays

51

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

IS-15-01

Evaluation of Flood Peak Cut Effect Through Paddy Field Dam as GreenInfrastructure in Toyama Prefecture in Japan
Koshi YOSHIDAa*, Keigo NODAb, and Taichi TEBAKARIc
Graduate school of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Graduate school of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japanc
Graduate school of Civil Engineering, Chuo University, Japan*Corresponding email: kyoshida@edu.k.u-tokyo.ac.jpabAbstract
Paddy Field Dam (PFD) is an attractive activity to use paddy fields as green infrastructure to prevent
inland flood. The runoff control devices used in PFD can be manufactured for several thousand yen
per unit and are expected to be inexpensive and highly effective since they utilize rice paddies
spread over an area. However, in order for such efforts to spread, the effectiveness and safety of
PFD must be evaluated, and the understanding of local residents and farmers must be promoted.
In this study, a survey of drainage volume during heavy rainfall was conducted in a group of ricepaddies in Fuchu-cho, Toyama City, and the study was conducted in the rice paddies along the Y1drainage channel located at the end of this basin. This area is located at the confluence of the Ida
River and its tributary, the Yamada River, and is subject to waterlogging due to inland flooding
during heavy rains. The study area is approximately 8.8 ha in size, and rainfall and drainage channelwater levels were continuously observed to obtain a rainfall-runoff relationship. The observation
period was from May to November 2022, and the measurement interval was 10 minutes. During
the observation period, rainfall events on 7/23 (40.5 mm) and 9/1 (54 mm) were analyzed. The
measured and calculated flow rates for the 7/23 and 9/1 rainfall events are simulated by using the
paddy water balance model, as well as the runoff volume when the PFD was implemented. The
calculated discharge accurately represented the measured peak flow when the roughness
coefficient n was set to 0.034 and the infiltration coefficient T to 0.015 (1/hr). Assuming theimplementation of PFD with a 5 cm notch set devise in the weir plate to control runoff, a peak
cutoff effect of 42.9% was observed for the 7/23 event and 53.4% for the 9/1 event. 10-minute
rainfall intensity was greater for the 9/1 rainfall event compared to the 7/23 event, and the peakdischarge was also greater. Therefore, the peak cutoff rate for the rice paddy dam implementation
was also considered to be larger.
Keywords: paddy field dam, flood peak cut ratio, green infrastructure, Jinzu river52

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-02

Costs and Returns from Black Soldier Fly Farming as an Alternative
Protein Source in Animal Feed for Small-scale Farmers in Thailand
Yardroong MAWONGWAIa*, Yupa HANBOONSONGa, and Yaowarat SRIWARANUNa
Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding email: thunma@kku.ac.thaAbstract
The continually increasing prices of raw materials in animal feed is having a direct impact on the
production costs for small-scale farmers in Thailand. Black Soldier Fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens)has therefore been chosen as another alternative protein source for animal feed due to its highprotein content, which is comparable to fish meal and soybean meal. Moreover, farming BSF uses
less water and energy compared to other protein sources, thereby producing lower amounts ofcarbon and pollution. Rearing BSF also helps in eliminating organic wastes, while promoting andsupporting a circular economy, which is in line with goal no. 12 of the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) of the UN, related to sustainable production and consumption. The objectives of thisstudy are 1) to study the costs and returns of BSF rearing among 20 small-scale farmers who use
BSF as a protein substitute in animal feed, and 2) to compare the costs and returns of the situations
before and after using BSF to replace the protein source in animal feed for small-scale farmers.
The study is divided into three real case studies: broiler farm, cricket farm, and catfish farm. The
results of the study found that the total BSF production costs averaged at 0.97 USD/kg. Farmers
receive net benefits from raising BSF, both in cash and non-cash forms, equal to 7.39 USD/kg.
From the case studies, where the small-scale farmers used BSF together with ready-made animal
feed, it was found that on a broiler farm, the farmer was able to reduce cash-related animal feed
costs by 41.21%, while cricket farmer reduced the cash costs of animal feed by 52.16%, and catfish
farmer reduced the cash costs of animal feed by up to 100%.
Keywords: black soldier fly, costs and returns, small-scale farmers

53

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-04

Innovative Shareholding Arrangements for Producer Groups Providing Machineryor Marketing Services to Smallholders
Randel ESNARDa, Michael Charles LYNEa*, Kevin OLDa, and Ani KARTIKASARIa
Lincoln University, New Zealand*Corresponding email: michael.lyne@lincoln.ac.nz
aAbstract
Smallholder producer groups are vulnerable to institutional problems when they pursue valueadding enterprises requiring capital and predictable deliveries. This paper provides insights intocreative shareholding arrangements introduced by two producer groups to upgrade their businessstrategies from ‘transactional’ to ‘value-adding’ status. The first group planned to offer machinery
services to reduce production costs and improve the quality of smallholder paddy rice. The second
group intended to take advantage of a domestic niche market for non-traditional, high-value, rice
varieties. Members and directors of these producer organizations were wary of free-rider problems
that undermine collective efforts to finance assets and meet supply contracts. This study draws on
the New Institutional Economics concepts of ill-defined ownership rights to analyze the innovative
shareholding schemes devised by these groups to prevent free riding. It treats the producer groups
as case studies, and the research is both exploratory and applied set within the framework of action
research. Both groups issued non-redeemable, tradable, class B shares. Class B shares areappreciable but confer no (or limited) voting rights, allowing members to benefit as investors andas patrons while maintaining democratic control of their organization. The key, however, is to aligninvestment with patronage in order to avoid conflicts of interest that discourage member
investment and compliance with supply contracts. The first group linked member investment toprogressive discounts on the cost of machinery services, thereby creating a strong incentive forlarger patrons to buy more shares. The second group treated each share as a tradable obligation
to deliver a specific quantity of high-value paddy, thereby requiring larger patrons to buy or lease
more shares. This research adds to a small pool of literature that examines the attributes of welldefined ownership rights in smallholder organizations that pursue value-adding business strategies.
Keywords: small-scale farmers, value-adding producer organizations, free-rider problems,
institutional arrangements

54

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-06
Farmers’ Perspectives on Ecosystem Services Provided by TreeWindbreak System in Ovche Pole Region, Macedonia
Ognen ONCHEVSKIa* and Machito MIHARAba

Graduate School of Agro-environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: ogneoncevski@hotmail.com

Abstract
Ovche Pole is the second largest agricultural region in Macedonia. It is a plain with a dry climate,characterized by low precipitation and high ambient temperatures during the growing period andprevailing winds which are frequently present throughout the year. During the 1950s, thegovernment implemented a large project for the establishment of tree windbreaks (fieldshelterbelts) with an aim to reduce wind velocity, protect agricultural land, and increase crop
productivity. Even though these systems perform important functions, nowadays around half of
the initially planted areas are lost due to land use transformation, and a significant part of theexisting tree windbreak belts are damaged by local people. Actions for the protection, rehabilitation,and restoration of these systems are needed, however, without active support and understandingof farmers’ perspectives on tree windbreak systems, any activity would be without major and longterm success. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to: (1) examine farmers’ attitudes toward
the tree windbreak system and their rehabilitation, and (2) assess farmers’ awareness andperceptions of ecosystem services provided by the tree windbreak system. In this aim a semistructured questionnaire was developed and following the convenience sampling method
distributed to 72 farmers to gather the needed information. Data analysis showed that in generalfarmers have positively valued the tree windbreak systems and agreed that rehabilitation andrestoration are needed. Regarding the ecosystem functions, the results indicate that farmers gave
uniform answers in some cases, the farmers had split perceptions. According to farmers’
responses, the most important ecosystem service provided by the tree windbreaks is climate
regulation, this is followed by the reduction of soil erosion and runoff and the source of provisional
materials function.
Keywords: tree windbreak systems, ecosystem services, farmer’s perceptions and attitudes

55

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-07

Assessing Locals’ Perceptions on the Environmental, Economic, and SocioCultural Impacts of Agritourism Versus Conventional Farming in Tanzania
Issa Abrahaman KACHENJEa* and Yasuo OHEb
Tokyo University of Agriculture, JapanTokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: Issakachenje@gmail.comab

Abstract
Agriculture and tourism are two critical sectors with a considerable influence on the socio-cultural,
economic, and environmental aspects of Tanzanian society. These two sectors not only offer
substantial employment opportunities but also contribute significantly to income generation andforeign exchange earnings. Nevertheless, the success of these sectors depends upon theparticipation and support of local communities, whose engagement is closely linked to theirperceptions. In recent years, agritourism has emerged as a unique form of diversification in the
agricultural sector, offering Tanzanian farmers a potential avenue to introduce a blend of agriculture
and tourism-related activities and open a new income stream. Furthermore, since the impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic on conventional farming and agritourism was different, post-pandemic
opinions in the local community are likely to differ. Therefore, this study aimed at providing insights
on the locals’ perceptions and the factors that influence their perceptions in order to support asustainable post-pandemic recovery. The study was conducted in the Arusha and Mwanza regionsof Tanzania, and a total sample of 191 respondents was selected randomly for interviewing andfilling out the questionnaires. To analyze the data, descriptive analysis and factor analysis wereused. The findings indicate that locals' perceptions of conventional and agritourism farming are, on
average, positive. Despite both sectors being perceived positively, the underlying reasons for theperception and support were different. For agritourism, the positive perception was primarily
associated with the economic benefits, including income generation and the creation of
employment opportunities. Whereas, for conventional farming, positive perception was associatedwith environmental conservation, economic benefits, food security, and community cohesion.
Keywords: locals’ perceptions, agritourism, sustainability, factor analysis, Tanzania

56

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-08

Economic Analysis of Rice Yield: Insights from IADA
Barat Laut Selangor, Malaysia
Rika TERANOa*, Nurul Nadia RAMLIb, Juwaidah SHARIFUDDINb, andFazlin ALIb
Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia*Corresponding email: rt200005@nodai.ac.jpaAbstract
Despite Malaysia’s efforts to increase rice production, the self-sufficiency ratio has declined since
70.0% in 2018 to 62.6% in 2022. Malaysia’s rice production relies on 10 granary areas in Peninsular
Malaysia, and IADA Barat Laut Selangor is known for its high yields. In the main season of
2015/2016, the yield was 6.0 tons per hectare, higher than the national average of 4.6 tons per
hectare and the average 5.0 tons per hectare for other granary areas. However, the yield level
gradually decreased and reached 4.8 tons per hectare in the 2020/2021 main season. This trend
was observed in IADA Barat Laut Selangor and other granary areas. During the same period, thenational average yield was 3.8 tons per hectare, and the average in the granary area was 4.4 tons,
showing an overall downward trend. Here come research questions about what currently influences
yield in IADA Balat Laut Selangor, a region struggling to maintain high yields. In order to clarify theyield determinants, this study aims to measure technical efficiency and clarify other related factors.
An interview survey guided by a questionnaire was conducted with 74 farmers, including Malay
and Chinese farmers. Multiple linear regression revealed that the diverse level of technicalefficiency seems to offer room for yield improvement. Furthermore, those farmers with lower yieldand technical efficiency show hints of improving productivity in other granary areas as well.
Keywords: paddy farmer, yield, technical efficiency, trust, agricultural information

57

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-10

Prospects of Nutmeg Industry Development in North Maluku, Indonesia
Riskina JUWITAa* and Siti JAHROHbaDepartment of International Food and Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture,
Japan,b
School of Business, IPB University, Indonesia*Corresponding email: rj205559@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
Producing a total of 40,653 tons nutmeg in 2019, nutmeg industry in Indonesia has rapidly
increased by an average growth of around 9.5 percent per year during the period of 2010-2019.
Accounting for more than 66 percent of the total nutmeg demand in global market, Indonesia isalso currently the largest producer of nutmeg oil in the world, providing 75% to 80% of the global
supply. Known as the Spice Island for the origin of nutmeg, North Maluku is served as one of themain nutmeg producing areas in Indonesia with a total cultivating area of 35,419 hectares which
contributes 24.22% of the total national production. However, despite its importance as superior
export commodity, nutmeg industry in Indonesia has been facing two major problems, namely low
productivity and low quality, which also affected nutmeg products selling value in the international
market. This paper aims to analyze the actual condition of nutmeg production and sales in North
Maluku and to evaluate the prospects of nutmeg industry for the rural development in North Maluku.
Primary data was collected in April 2018 and September 2023 through interview surveys to local
government and farmers group in Ternate Regency, North Maluku Province. The results can beconcluded as follows. 1) Development of nutmeg industry in North Maluku has been deeply related
to its long historical background and strongly connected to local wisdom and culture that creates
more personal value for the local farmers than economic aspects. 2) However, high market demandof nutmeg products has brought promising prospects for development of nutmeg industry,
especially considering the potential of North Maluku natural resources as the origin of nutmeg. 3)
Proper nutmeg production and distribution system are highly necessary for the future developmentof nutmeg industry in North Maluku to become a sustainable leading producing area.
Keywords: nutmeg products, spice island, local culture, rural development

58

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-15

Living with Salt: A Social History of Salt-affected Area in Khon Kaen, Thailand
Fumikazu UBUKATAa*, Hirotaka MATSUDAb, Chuleemas Boonthai IWAIc, Takashi KUMEd, andTadao YAMAMOTOe
Okayama University, JapanTokyo University of Agriculture, Japanc
Khon Kaen University, ThailanddEhime University, Japane
Hokkaido University, Japan*Corresponding email: ubukat-f@okayama-u.ac.jpabAbstract
It is said that around 300 thousand hectares of land are salinized in northeast Thailand due to the
combination of natural and anthropogenic influences. In such areas, government agencies have
tried to take mitigating measures such as soil rehabilitation and tree planting, as well as tighten theregulations of inland salt production. However, this approach, which views saline soil as a “chronic
problem”, may not necessarily reflect the local villagers’ lifeworld, as they view saline soil not only
as a risk to agricultural production but also as a resource for local inland salt production. From thecases of two salt-affected villages in Khon Kaen province, this study therefore tried to show how
villagers had built relationships with saline soil, and how the related government policies haveaffected their lifestyle. The authors conducted field surveys in these villages in September 2017
and March 2019. A total of 17 villagers were interviewed about their life histories. Additionally, we
utilized the information from the first author’s field survey in 2000, as well as the related documentswith regard to local salt production and government policy. With the help of these additional sources,
collected information were reconstructed chronologically. The result confirmed that the villagers
have formed down-to-earth relationships with the saline soil according to their natural and social
context. While most villagers had lost their interest in saline soil and salt production in the courseof deagrarianized rural development, some salt-producing villagers who formed socioculturalattachments with salt production had recently rediscovered its value. On the other hand, thegovernment has totally neglected such villagers’ viewpoints in its policy to regulate salt production
and rehabilitate salt-affected areas. In that sense, we can conclude that villagers’ lifestyles to livewith salt have been overlooked in existing scientific and “solution-driven” approaches.
Keywords: life history, saline soil, villagers, Khon Kaen, Thailand

59

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-16

The Impact of Adopting the Alternate Wetting and Drying Technology on theTechnical Efficiency of Rice Production in Suphan Buri Province
Benjamas JANGJAIDEEa and Thanaporn ATHIPANYAKULb*a

Thai Roong Ruang Corporation Limited, ThailandbKasetsart University, Thailand*Corresponding email: thanaporn.at@ku.th

Abstract
Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) rice cultivation is one of the technologies promoted by the Rice
Department to rice producers. The objective is to conserve water, reduce costs, and increase
profits, which can lead to improved technical production efficiency. This research aimed to analyze
the factors influencing the adoption of AWD technology and to compare the technical efficiency
between rice producers who adopted AWD technology and those who did not. A total of 107 riceproducers were gathered from the project titled, “Mechanism Design for Central Agricultural Driving
toward Thailand Modern Agriculture: A Case Study of Rice”. A Switching Regression Model was
employed to analyze factors affecting technology adoption and estimate technical efficiency values.
The research findings indicated that factors positively associated with the adoption of AWD
technology at the 0.05 significance level include educational level and loan amount of each farm.
Conversely, factors that negatively influence AWD adoption at the 0.05 significance level include
the average age of rice producers, the ratio of area to the number of household members working
full-time on rice farms, the ratio of land rental to total farm size, and the ratio of non-agricultural
income to total income. Regarding the results of the technical efficiency analysis, it was observedthat farmers adopting AWD technology exhibited a higher technical efficiency level (0.8619)
compared to those adopting conventional farming (0.5841), with statistical significance at the 0.05
level.
Keywords: rice, Thailand, efficiency, AWD technology

60

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-18

Changes in the Evaluation of Rural Landscape Before and After Farmland
Improvement
Eiji YAMAJIa* and Shoko NISHIWAKIa
The University of Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: yamaji@edu.k.u-tokyo.ac.jpaAbstract
In recent years, rural landscapes especially in hilly and mountainous areas have been attracting
attention and some farmlands have become busy tourist destinations, but the combination of low
workability, aging farmers, and declining demand for rice often results in abandoned farmland. In
general, farmland improvement is carried out to prevent abandoned fields and to continue
sustainable agricultural production activities. While productivity is improved by field consolidationand shaping, the consolidation and shaping of fields through farmland improvement has asignificant impact on the rural landscape. This is because the shape and layout of plots, which are
the components of the rural landscape, are significantly changed. In 2006, the Ministry ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (MAFF) published a guide for landscape considerationin agricultural and rural development projects, which recommends that farmland development
should be done in harmony with the environment and with the landscape, considering the impactof farmland development projects on the rural landscape. Although there have been many studies
on the economic evaluation of landscapes, recognition and impression of cultural landscapes, andecology of field improvement projects, there have been few studies on the changes in theimpression of farmland landscape before and after field improvement. Therefore, we surveyed two
districts in Japan to clarify the differences in impressions of the landscape before and after
farmland improvement. Specifically, we used the Semantic Differential method to ask the
respondents about their impressions of the landscapes before and after the farmland improvement
project. As a preliminary step, we also asked about the general image and awareness of rurallandscapes, as well as conservation awareness of rural landscapes. The concern that the
improvement of the fields would increase labor productivity but decrease the value of the landscape
did not occur, at least not in these districts.
Keywords: farmland improvement, landscape impression, fieldwork efficiency

61

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-19

Herder’s Willingness to Inherit Grassland Animal Husbandry
Production and Its Influencing Factors
Ping LIa* and Ruiyao ZHANGaaInstitute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hohhot, China*Corresponding email: lipingcau@126.com

Abstract
Based on the household survey data of 238 herdsmen from Inner Mongolia, a number of Logit
regression models were used to empirically analyze the intergenerational transmission willingness
and influencing factors of grassland animal husbandry operation of herdsmen and their children.
The results showed that: (1) At present, the proportion of herdsmen who have inherited grassland
animal husbandry is relatively low, and the intergenerational transmission of animal husbandry infuture generations faces difficulties; (2) Among them, the intergenerational transmission intentionof grassland animal husbandry management of the father's herdsmen was mainly affected by two
types of production factors: grassland resources and labor resources, and the grassland area andtotal family size used by one's own family had a significant impact on the wishes of the fathers. (3)The choice of intergenerational transmission of the willingness of herdsmen to manage grassland
animal husbandry is mainly affected by their own conditions and family conditions such as the total
number of families, education level, and the area of grassland used. Therefore, the government
should actively improve the basic production conditions of animal husbandry in pastoral areas,
increase the recognition of herdsmen engaged in animal husbandry, strengthen policy support for
pastoral areas, actively guide herdsmen to establish and join herdsmen's cooperatives, shorten theintergenerational transmission period of grassland animal husbandry in the pastoral areas, andinject young endogenous impetus into the sustainable development of animal husbandry in pastoral
areas.
Keywords: intergenerational transmission, willingness, livestock production, rural sustainability

62

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-22

Factors Affecting the Use of Trichoderma spp. in Rice Fields of Farmers
in Phitsanulok Province
Seerasarn NAREERUTa*, and Parichad Tarbudb
Assistant Professor Dr, Lecturer in Agricultural Extension and Development, Sukhothai
Thammathirat Open UniversitybAgricultural Officer at Area Management Group Office of Agricultural Research and Development,
Region*Corresponding email: nareerut.see@stou.ac.thaAbstract
The objectives of this research were to study 1) the social and economic conditions of farmers. 2)
Farmers ' knowledge about Trichoderma in rice fields, and 3) Problems and suggestions of the useof Trichoderma in rice farmers. This research was survey research. The population of this research
was 1,500 oil palm farmers who collaborated in Tak Province. They were registered with the
Department of Agricultural Extension in 2023. The 316-sample size was based on the Taro Yamane
formula with a marginal error of 0.05. Structured interviews were used for data collection. Statistics
used were frequency, percentage, mean, and multiple regression. The results of the research canbe summarized as follows: 1) Most farmers were female, with an average age of 54.92 years,
completed primary school. The average household agricultural worker was 2.19 people. The
average experience in rice cultivation was 20.18 years. The average number of Trichoderma
trainings was received 2.97 times. Most received training from the District Agricultural Office.
Trichoderma were used in rice farming an average of 3.33 times. The average rice cultivation area
was 8.37 rai. The average rice production costs 2,400.20 baht/rai and average income from selling
price of 3,495.35 baht/rai. 2) Farmers had a high level of knowledge about Trichoderma on issue
Trichoderma was a fungus that did not cause plant disease. And 3) Farmers had problems with the
production and applying of Trichoderma to a moderate level on issue a shortage of Trichoderma
and Trichoderma must be used many times. Suggestions regarding the production and applying of
Trichoderma fungi at high levels on issue, agencies should continually provide knowledge about
Trichoderma. And should provide knowledge about plant diseases.
Keywords: farmers, Taro Yamane formula, Extension use of Thichoderma, Trichoderma, rice field

63

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-26

The Consumption Smoothing of Rural Households in Developing Country under
the Threaten of Climate Change and Salt Damage: A Case in North-Eastern Part ofThailandHirotaka MATSUDAa*, Fumikazu UBUKATAb, Chuleemas Boonthai IWAIc, Takashi KUMEd, andTadao YAMAMOTOeTokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Okayama University, Japanc
Khon Kaen University, ThailanddEhime University, Japane
Hokkaido University, Japan*Corresponding email: hm206784@nodai.ac.jpaAbstract
The household economies in rural areas of developing countries are generally exposed to various
exogenous shocks and stresses, which may lead to a decline in living standards and welfare,indicating high vulnerability. Coping with these shocks and stresses, or in other words, achieving
high resilience, is crucial for these vulnerable rural households in developing countries. Various
means are employed to address them. As one indicator of such adaptation, the smoothing of realconsumption and, as a means to that end, the smoothing of real income are highlighted. This reportaims to elucidate the realities of responses to exogenous shocks and stresses among rural
households in northeastern Thailand, focusing on the smoothing of real consumption and income.
The surveyed households reported experiencing droughts or excessive rainfall in the past five years.
While the surveyed area is rural, it became evident that households with diversified income sources
achieve consumption smoothing to a greater extent as a survival strategy.
Consumption smoothing is vital for vulnerable rural households in developing countries as a
response to exogenous shocks and stresses. Diversification of income sources proves to be aneffective means. However, achieving income source diversification is often challenging. The
surveyed area in this report acknowledges the decline in agricultural productivity due to salinization,suggesting considerations such as the cultivation of salt-tolerant crops and engineering solutions
for saline-affected soils alongside income source diversification to enhance agricultural productivity
and revenue, thereby strengthening livelihoods.
Keywords: consumption smoothing, livelihood, climate change, salt damage

64

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

POSTER PRESENTATION

65

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-02

Determine and Assess the Organic Fertilizer Production in Xiengkhouang
Province, Lao PDR
Sisavath PHIMMASONEab*, Chuleemas Boonthai IWAIb, Hoa TRAN QUOCc,
And Pascal LIENHARDc
Department of agricultural Land management, Vientiane capital, LAO PDRbKhon Kaen University, ThailandcCentre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement/GECO
research unit
*Corresponding email: Sisavathphimmasone@yahoo.comaAbstract
In Lao PDR agricultural development and improving agricultural income are the focus of foodsecurity and poverty eradication very significant due to more than 70% of the population depends
on agriculture for their livelihoods to ensure the achievement of the long-term goals of nationalsocio-economic development set out by the Party and Government of Lao PDR. The Laogovernment policy aims at using organic fertilizer as a source of fertilizer for improving soil fertility
and reducing fertilizer import. However, a high proportion of organic fertilizers in the farm and/or
market have not been subjected to scientific scrutiny, resulting in poor-quality products with little
or no impact on soil fertility and crop yields. The farmers lose confidence in these products andend up reverting to the traditional practice of applying chemical fertilizers instead of taking
advantage of beneficial microorganisms capable of nourishing their soils. Therefore, the study was
conducted in Xinegkhouang province in 2023. The typology of organic fertilizer, in particular, thetype of raw material, and quality (Macro and micronutrients) was investigated by literature review
and a questionnaire survey of 70 key payers (farm, farmer, extension agency, etc.) and organic
fertilizers also were collected for nutrient quality. The result of this study will be useful for providing
significant data on the typology of the potential of organic fertilizer production and suggestions forfarmers and development partners to support organic agriculture production.
Keywords: typology, organic fertilizer, quality, organic agriculture

66

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-05

Decadal Change of the Planting Date and Planted Area of Rainfed Rice Cultivationin Northeast Thailand
Hiroki ODAa* and Koshi YOSHIDAa
The University of Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: 2215920513@edu.k.u-tokyo.ac.jpaAbstract
Northeast Thailand, hosting 60% of the nation's rice paddies is a crucial rice-producing region, yetover 90% of its fields are rain-fed, rendering them susceptible to variations in precipitation.
Therefore, studying the impact of precipitation change on rice cultivation is required. Numerous
studies have examined how climate change affects rice production. However, most studies focus
on yield variations, neglecting the fluctuation in planted areas, and they often fix planted dates
without considering annual or regional variations. This leads to overestimating of rice production,
especially in rain-fed fields where planted areas depend on precipitation. In this study, wedeveloped a model that estimates planted areas in Northeast Thailand using meteorological,
elevation, and surface water level data. The model not only predicts the planted area but also theplanting date, incorporating daily precipitation data to anticipate the spatiotemporal expansion ofplanted areas. The model calculates surface water levels, designating the day they exceed 50mm
as the planting date. Model parameters were calibrated using observed data from 2004 and 2005.
We then assessed the impact of precipitation changes on planted area extents by inputting climate
data from 1981-2017. In analyzing the temporal changes of planted area and date, the model
reveals significant variations from the past to the present. Specifically, when comparing decadal
shifts in planted areas from 1981-1990 (past) to 2008-2017 (present), the percentage had morevariability than past. In the past period, the increment of planted areas was consistently observedin June. In contrast, the present period showed a more unstable distribution with area expansion
in June, July, or both June and July. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of four periods of 19811990, 1991-2000, 2001-2010, and 2008-2017 indicates a progressive delay in the planted datefrom past to present, due to the uncertainty of precipitation during the early part of the rainy season.
Keywords: climate impact, water balance model, topographic effect, rain-fed rice67

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-07

The Value Addition of Thai Traditional Food and Beverage for Healthy from
Sacred Lotus Towards Green Products
Natsima TOKHUNa*, Weerawat OUNSANEHAa, Kanokwan PUNAATERKOONa, Phatsara
WONGSUDEEa, Rattanapon PUTTAPONTHIPa, and Chuleemas Boonthai IWAIba

Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University under the Royal Patronage, Thailandb
Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding email: natsima@vru.ac.th

Abstract
A part of Buddhist rituals, the sacred lotus is the material of healthy food and beverage production.
In particular, lotus petal tea and rice wrapped in lotus leaves are on the traditional food menu, butthey lack well-known nutritional information. Hence, the objective of this research was to develop
the value addition of Thai traditional food and beverages from lotus toward green production under
the concept of a Bio-Circular-Green Economy. Firstly, rice supreme wrapped in lotus leaves wasdeveloped as the main course with lotus petal tea and the nutritional analysis for presenting thenutrition information and labeling. The result showed that the nutrition value of rice wrapped inlotus leaves per net weight of 180g was 390 kcal (20%) of total energy, 14g (22%) of total fat,
285mg (95%) of cholesterol, 18g of protein, 48g (16%) of total carbohydrate and 620 mg (31%) of
sodium. For the nutrition value of a lotus petal teacup per net weight of 100g, only 20 mg (1%) of
sodium was found. The findings of nutrition value in both products were approved by the criteriaof Percentage of Thai Recommended Daily Intakes for the population over 6 years of age (% Thai
RDI) with a 2,000-kcal diet. Lastly, the preliminary result of this study was assessed by the values
index in five years. The results found that the value addition of sacred lotus presented the 8,859
Thai Baht of net present value (NPV), 1.34 benefit-cost ratio (BCR), and 8.1% internal rate of return(IRR) and showed the break-even value of project budget. Therefore, the result finding should
enhance the sacred lotus products toward green production with carbon footprint assessment in
the next phase of the research study.
Keywords: lotus, traditional food, nutrition information, Thai RDI, green product68

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-08

The Effect of Different Levels of Potassium on Nutrient Content in Cherry Tomato
Fruit Grows under Hydroponic System
Kanokporn MANANTAPONGa, Anongnat SRIPRACHOTEa*, Rattaphol KRAIKLANGb, Sirirat
ANUTRAKULCHAIc, and Pornthiwa KANYAWONGHAd
Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University,
Thailandb
Deparment of Public Health Administration, Health Promotion and Nutrition, Faculty of Public
Health, Khon Kaen University, ThailandcDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University.
dDepartment of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s
Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Thailand*Corresponding email: anonsr@kku.ac.thaAbstract
Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) is a broadly consumed fruit and vegetablein the world. It has good taste, is rich in nutrition, and has an abundance of antioxidant substances.
The CKD patients had limited potassium consumption of 2,000 mg per day. The objective of theseexperiments was to investigate the effect of potassium on the nutrient content of cherry tomato
varieties, Tabtim Deang T2021 and Sweet Boy 1. The experiment layout was CRD design in fivelevels of potassium nitrate culture solution (3.0, 1.5, 0.75, 0.50, and 0.375 mM KNO ) and 4
replications. Results indicated that there was no statistical difference between levels of potassiumion, nitrate ion, and phosphorus content. Potassium content in fruits was lower than 200 mg 100
g FW for CKD patients for all treatments. Whereas calcium and sodium content were slightly
increased when the potassium solution was decreased. Additionally, the content of potassium andsodium ions in both cherry tomatoes fruit was less than the daily nutrient intake of CKD patients.
The results indicated that reducing potassium content in the culture solution could produce the low
potassium content cherry tomatoes. On the other hand, it could be maintained the cherry tomato
productivity.
3-1

Keywords: Potassium, cherry tomato, hydroponic, CKD

69

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-09

Relationships Between Soil Characteristics and Brewing Grape Quality in
Katsunuma, Yamanashi Prefecture, JapanAi KURIHARAa* and Machito MIHARAba

Graduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: 12522006@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
In this study, the qualities of brewing grapes were analyzed in Katsunuma and Yamanashi
Prefecture, and the physical and chemical properties of the soils around the target fruit trees werealso investigated to discuss the relationships between the qualities of vinification grapes and soil
properties. The survey covered three garden sites from one winery in Katsunuma Town.
Undisturbed soil and disturbed soils were sampled from a depth of 20 cm and 30 cm below thetrunk of the vines, and were used to measure physical and chemical properties, respectively. The
physical properties measured were three-phase distribution, soil particle size composition, andhydraulic conductivity. Chemical properties measured were pH, EC, K O, Na O, CaO, P O , and NO N. Grapes were collected at harvest time, destemmed, and pressed, and then analyzed for sugar
content, glucose, fructose, acidity, malic acid, and tartaric acid. The statistical analysis software R
was used for statistical analysis. The experimental results indicated that differences in soil particle
size composition and soil properties may affect the sugar and acid levels of vinification grapes. In
addition, soil pH, permeability, EC, K O, and CaO were found to be important factors to beconsidered in winemaking. In particular, soil pH has a strong correlation with glucose, grape pH,
and sugar content, and may serve as an indicator when evaluating soil pH in the future. The
measurements that did not correlate were considered to not affect grape quality for vinification. Insummary, soil's physical and chemical properties affect fruit quality.
2

2

Keywords: wine, terroir, vinification grapes, soil pH, Yamanashi

70

2

2

4

3

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-11

Comparison of Useful Components of Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
and Signal Crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus)
Saki HIGUCHIa*, Akira KUROSAWAa*, Toshihiro SUZUKIa,
Keiko TANAHASHIa, and Kouji TAKEDAa**aTokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1, Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan*Equal contributors to this work and designated as co-first authors**Corresponding email: k2takeda@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
Crayfish is consumed worldwide as a food resource. However, although signal crayfish areconsumed in Japan, red swamp crayfish are not widely recognized as a food resource due to lackof nutritional knowledge. In fact, there have been few nutritional studies on the red swamp crayfish.
Furthermore, there are no comprehensive comparisons of the useful components of the inedibleand edible parts. In this study, we attempted to determine the usefulness of red swamp crayfish
as a food resource by comparing pigments in the shells of inedible parts of signal crayfish and red
swamp crayfish and by making a comprehensive comparison of nutrients in the edible parts. In
general, the exoskeleton of the signal crayfish is brown, whereas that of the red swamp crayfish is
reddish-black, although blue is also present in both. A comparison of the pigments in theexoskeletons of the two crayfish colors by thin-layer chromatography showed bands corresponding
to the ester form of astaxanthin as well as the free form of astaxanthin in all samples. The pigmentsin the exoskeletons of both species were the same, regardless of body color.
A comparison of the three major nutrients in the edible part of the tail muscles showed that thesignal crayfish had higher lipids than the red swamp crayfish, while the protein content was thesame. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of hydrophilic compounds in the muscles was
conducted using triple quadrupole gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, 152 common
components were identified in each sample, including various sugars, nucleic acid-related
substances, vitamins, and several functional compounds. Principal component analysis using thesecomponent data showed that the clusters of both crayfish were largely divided between thesamples, reflecting the differences in their components.
Keywords: signal crayfish, red swamp crayfish, food resource, pigment, nutrition, SDGs

71

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-13

The Green Infrastructure Supporting Circular Economy in Semi-urban
Tokyo: A Holistic Analysis
Ivana ANGELOVAa*
School of Science and Technology
Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
4 Chome-21-1 Nakano, Nakano City, Tokyo 164-8525*Corresponding email: ivanaangelova@meiji.ac.jp
Abstract
This research examines the interplay between urban farming practices and the circular economy
in semi-urban areas of Tokyo. As a dynamic metropolitan area that faces challenges of limited
space, rapid development, and a commitment to sustainability, Tokyo's urban farming initiatives
emerge as crucial agents of positive change. The study aims to comprehensively analyze thecircular economy aspects embedded within these urban farming practices, drawing insights fromboth literature review and on-site practices and the networks that they establish. By incorporating
on-site observations, this research seeks to bridge the gap between theoretical frameworks andpractical implementation. The study explores the dynamics of networks formed by urban farming
initiatives, analyzing how these links contribute to the circular economy by fostering collaboration
between consumers, farmers, and local businesses. The focal point of this research is Tokyo's
suburban areas like Saitama and Machida wards, where urban farming plays a pivotal role intransforming underutilized spaces into thriving centers of agricultural activity. From innovative
vertical farming structures to community gardens and rooftop green spaces, these practices
contribute significantly to the local landscape, redefining the urban-rural continuum. The initialsteps of this study will illustrate how and why farming in the city serves as an economic catalyst
by creating opportunities for entrepreneurship, fostering local businesses, and contributing to thefarm-to-table movement. By doing so, Tokyo's farmers stimulate the local economy, establishinga sustainable and resilient foundation for economic growth. Moreover, these practices transcendtheir role as mere food sources, evolving into vibrant city commons that foster social interactions,education, and community resilience. The study explores the profound societal impacts, including
enhanced mental well-being, social inclusion, and the cultivation of a sense of shared responsibility
among residents. This research aims to contribute valuable insights into the circular economy
dimensions of urban farming in semi-urban Tokyo, shedding light on its multifaceted impacts inthe closed-loop economy.
Keywords: urban farming, local-circular economy, semi-urban Tokyo, entrepreneurship,
farm-to-table movement72Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-23

Effect of Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation on Nitrogen Uptake and Water
Consumption in Rice Paddy Farming
Kiseki KURASHINAa, Sarvesh MASKEYb, Takahiko NAKAMURAb, and Hiromu OKAZAWAb*aGraduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: h1okazaw@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
Climate change-induced extreme weather events have caused irrigation water shortages in ricegrowing regions of Asia, impacting rice production. Alternate Wet and Dry irrigation (AWD) is awater-saving strategy that can reduce irrigation frequency even when water shortages occur
without decreasing yields. However, AWD reduces plant nutrient uptake under water stressconditions compared to Continuous Flooding irrigation (CF). In this study, pot-growing experiments
were conducted to investigate the water use efficiency and nitrogen uptake (nitrogen content ofleaves, stem, and rice grains) under AWD and CF irrigation with different nitrogen fertilizer
application rates to evaluate the effect of irrigation on nitrogen uptake. The application rate ofnitrogen was 40 kg N ha-1 and 80 kg N ha-1. This was done to evaluate how plant nitrogen uptake
corresponds under different irrigation systems when fertilization is doubled. AWD irrigation reduced
irrigation water use by approximately 7.8% to 14.0%. Nitrogen content was higher in CF irrigation
plants than in AWD irrigation plants under the 80 kg N ha-1 nitrogen application rate. However, nodifference in nitrogen content was observed between CF and AWD irrigation plants under the 40
kg N ha-1 nitrogen application rate. According to the result of this study, it was concluded that AWD
was efficient in irrigation water saving. Additionally, it was also confirmed that drought conditions
during AWD do not affect nitrogen uptake when nitrogen fertilization is applied between 40 kg N
ha and 80 kg N ha-1.
-1

Keywords: AWD, rice paddy, irrigation, nitrogen, water consumption

73Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-25

Method Validation for Determination of Cadmium and Lead Content in Herbs (Plaiand Turmeric) by Using a Simple Sample Extraction Method
Nattira KLEAWKLAHARNa and Chuleemas Boonthai IWAIb*
Office of Agricultural Research and Development Region 3, Ministry of Agricultural andCooperatives, Khon Kaen, Thailandb
Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University,
Thailand*Corresponding email: chuleemas1@gmail.com
aAbstract
Medicinal plants or herbs are a valuable bioresource in Thailand. They are widely used as a
medicine for treating diseases of people and animals. In agriculture, it is used to control pests.
Herbs that are available in the market through a simple production process could be contaminatedwith agrochemical substances, and residues, including various heavy metals. In order to analyze
the heavy metals content in herbs such as Plai and Turmeric. In the laboratory, AOAC Official
Method 2016 standard methods were used. In the sample digestion and extraction process,samples were prepared using a microwave digester. In cases where heavy metals must be analyzed
in the field using test kits a simple sample extraction method is required. The currently developed
test kit has been widely used because it is a simple, convenient, fast, and accurate method ofchecking. This study aims to validate the method and facilitate the extraction of samples todetermine the cadmium and lead content in Plai and Turmeric. In this experiment, the validity of
the analytical method was studied by extracting the sample by adding acid and boiling it at hightemperatures. Linearity, limit of Detection (LOD), Limit of Quantitation (LOQ), test accuracy(Trueness), and accuracy of test results (Precision) were studied. The results of analysis by simple
extraction were compared with the results of analysis using standard methods.
Keywords: simple extraction, validation, herb

74

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-28

Evaluation of Soil Ecosystem Services in Terms of Water Storage and Soil Fertility
in Different Land Uses in Northeast Thailand
Jutatad RATTANAPONGa and Chuleemas Boonthai IWAIab*a

Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University,
Thailandb
Integrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center inNortheast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding email: chuleemas1@gmail.com

Abstract
Soil ecosystem services (ES) provide multiple benefits to humans but to date no consensus hasformed on a comprehensive framework for their classification and economic valuation. Soil natural
capital, its properties and soil support functions that underlie other ecosystem services and are ina dynamic relationship with soil processes and soil natural capital Different land uses affect soil
properties. It also affects the value of ecosystem services differently. Soil water retention and soil
fertility are service of the soil ecosystem. The focus of this study aims to assess the economic
value of soil ecosystem services in terms of soil water storage and soil fertility. Under the land use
types of forest sugarcane and cassava. Evaluation of the field capacity of the soil using hydraulicparameters from the soil water retention curve (SWRC) with FC to estimate available water capacity(AWC). The result informs that the value of storing water in the soil of forest, cassava and sugarcane
are 5,912 baht per hectare 5,426 baht per hectare and 4,843 baht per hectare, respectively. For
value of soil fertility of sugarcane, cassava and forest 79,422.79 baht per hectare 49,916.45 baht
per hectare and 49,544.80 baht per hectare, respectively. The agriculture area add the chemicalfertilizer every year and fertilizer left in soil and it make high production cost. The results of thisstudy show the different economic values of soil ecosystem services in different uses. In thisregard, the development of a comprehensive framework for evaluating economics of soil
ecosystem services are necessary. This provides information that can be used to make decisions
for land resource management of the study area.
Keywords: Soil ecosystem services, Economic valuation, Soil water storage, Soil fertility

75

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-30

Accessibility to Small Credit Amongst Small Scale Farmers: A Case Study in
Morogoro Region, Tanzania
Sabra Yusuf ABDALLAHa, Machito MIHARAb, and Rika TERANOc*
Graduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Faculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanc
Faculty of International Food Studies Information, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanc
Associate Professor of Agribusiness Management*Corresponding email: rt200005@nodai.ac.jpaAbstract
In Tanzania, many households rely on on-farm income from small-scale farming as their primary
livelihood. Because the majority of local farmers cultivate ranging from 1 to 2 hectares in size as
small-scale farms, they face financial constraints hindering their agricultural activities. Microcredit
plays a major role in supporting the agricultural activities of small-scale farmers, and many NGOs
and government agencies provide small loans to farmers. Microcredit offers vital financial support,
enabling them to purchase necessary inputs for farming. However, the issue remains. Because
microcredits are not given to all farmers who need support, farmers without access to microcredit
are left out of such support. This study aims to understand accessibility to microcredit amongsmall-scale farmers in rural areas of the Morogoro region, Tanzania. We conducted a questionnaire
survey among microcredit recipients and non-recipients to understand the challenges faced andexplore potential solutions for future applicants. Data collection was conducted in three villages of
Bigwa, Mlali, and Mlimani with randomly selected 29 respondents. Descriptive analysis illustrates
the socio-economic characteristics, awareness of microcredit, whether or not being recipients, andeconomic activities as small-scale farmers. The findings revealed microcredit recipients
experienced positive outcomes with the support of small loans, such as introducing new cropvarieties, expanding land holdings, and increasing yields through manual labor. Nevertheless, they
faced challenges like transporting products to urban areas and selling them at competitive prices.
Non-recipients encountered issues like low yields and financial constraints, resorting to increased
manual labor and personal savings. However, non-applicants lacked awareness of microcredit andhad no chance to apply. This study revealed that recipients and non-recipients are in completely
different situations even though they are farmers in the same region. The study could point out
that it is important to raise awareness about microcredit among non-recipients, promote reasonable
repayment plans, and empower farmers to enhance agricultural productivity among recipients.
Keywords: accessibility, small-credit, small-scale farmer

76

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-31

Guidelines for Pesticide Risk Management at the Community Level in Northeast
Thailand
Jarupong PRASOPSUKa*, Watcharaporn SRISAWANGWONGa, Papatsorn SEELARAKa,Natchayathon KHATTIYAPHUTTHIMETa, Malisa WETCHAYANONb, andChuleemas Boonthai IWAIcd
Office of Agricultural Research and Development Region 3, Ministry of Agricultural andCooperatives, Khon Kaen, Thailandb
Department of Agricultural, Ministry of Agricultural and Cooperatives, Bangkok, ThailandcDepartment of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture,
Khon Kaen University, ThailanddIntegrated Land and Water Resource Management Researchand Development Center in Northeast Thailand,
Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding email: ja.prasopsuk@gmail.com
aAbstract
This study aims to assess the risk of pesticide use and study guidelines for pesticide risk
management at the community level in North-East Thailand. In 2022, data was collected by usingsemi-structured interviews and group discussions. Representatives of a group of farmers who use
pesticides were purposively selected 10 per group with a total of 19 villages. Data from farmer
interviews about pesticide use, including type of substances, application rates, spraying frequency,
and plot size of plantations. This is used in the EIQ Field Use equation to assess environmental
risks. Group discussion includes Farmer representatives, community leaders, agricultural extension
officers, public health officials, and researchers. It was found that the average Field Use EIQ ofvegetable plots had a high-risk level. Especially, the village grows chilies, tomatoes, kale, andcabbage. From the group discussion on guidelines for reducing the risk from pesticide use in eachvillage, there were common guidelines: Personal safety, requiring regulation of the use of
appropriate spraying equipment. To prevent exposure to pesticides, applicators should wear
protective clothing and personal protective equipment. 2) Safety of people in the community. Do
not spray pesticides in villages or communities, schools, temples, and hospitals. Spraying
chemicals in areas close to the community or village must notify the village headman with aspraying plan. Areas where pesticides are sprayed must have warning signs indicating the date andtime. 3) Safety for the ecosystem and public areas of the community. Do not spray chemicals, anddo not leave chemical bottles in public areas, water sources, and community forests. 4) Food safety.
Farmers must comply with the requirements according to GAP standards. 6) Set up a community
committee to control the community's use of pesticides. The committee is responsible forcoordinating the correct and safe pesticide use in the community. The guidelines will be used aspolicy recommendations for reducing the pesticide risk in commercial agricultural communities.
Keywords: pesticide, community, risk management77Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-32

Estimating Leaf Area Index of Cassava Plantation Using UAV Imagery
Mol PENGKHEANGa*, Hor SANARAa, Pok SOPHAKa, and Chea CHETHAa
Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia*Corresponding email: mpengkheang@rua.edu.khaAbstract
Cassava is a vital crop for Cambodia’s economy and food security. It ranks fourth in Asia and tenthin the world in cassava production. Cassava can grow in harsh conditions and provide food during
famines. This study uses remote sensing methods to estimate the leaf area index of cassava using
multispectral images from a Parrot Sequoia camera and compares different indices for this task.
The study focuses on Battambang Province, a northwestern region of Cambodia that borders
Thailand. Although the province cultivates a variety of crops, rice and cassava are the mostsignificant ones. Cassava had the second largest area and production after rice, with 128,434 ha
and 2,703,927 tons in 2022. The LAI-2200C device was used to measure the cassava canopy
together with a sensor covering with a diffuser hat and placed under a leaf by following device’s
manual for these data collection and calibration. LAI was estimated from vegetation indices andRandom Forest Algorithm using R Programming. Multispectral images and indices such as OSAVI,NDVI, EVI2, GCL and REGCL were used. Cross-validation was used to evaluate the LAI estimation
values with collected in-situ LAI values by the LAI-2200C device for validation. Regression, RMSE,
and NRMSE were used as statistical methods. This study uses multispectral images from a Parrot
Sequoia camera to estimate the leaf area index of cassava. It applies indices analysis and machinelearning algorithms and compares them with previous indices. This study is new and useful for
remote sensing and rural planning in Cambodia.
Keywords: multispectral images, cassava, leaf area index, vegetation indices78

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-35

Effect of LED Lighting on Vitamin C and Phenols in Ethiopian Kale Microgreens
Ruth Nyambura MARUa, John WESONGAa, Dickson MAZIBUKOb, Satoko AKIYAMAc, Ayako
SEKIYAMAd, Shotaro KAWAKAMId, Sarvesh MASKEYd, Agnes KAVOOa, Johnstone NEONDOa,and Hiromu OKAZAWAd*
School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences,
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenyab
Graduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanc
Faculty of Applied Bio-science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, JapandFaculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: h1okazaw@nodai.ac.jpaAbstract
Microgreens are innovative vegetable products due to their novelty and health-promoting benefits.
However, media and light conditions affect microgreens' nutritional content, which may limit theirproduction in rural community settings. Brassica carinata is an essential local Kenyan vegetable,
but its production and full utilization are limited by its early maturity. The potential of using B.
carinata as a microgreen would be an excellent alternative production technique to circumvent its
early maturity limitation. This study investigated the influence of white and blue light on Vitamin C
and phenols content in B. carinata microgreens. Microgreens were grown for 14 days in a growthchamber using plastic punnet containers filled with cocopeat and sand under white and blue light.
The capillary wick watering technique was used for irrigation. Temperature and relative humidity
were monitored and maintained at 25ºC and 60%, respectively. The photoperiod and intensity oflight were also maintained at 12 hr and 160 ± 2.5 µmol m s ) respectively. After 14 days,
microgreens were harvested and freeze-dried to analyse phenols and Vitamin C. Data was
subjected to ANOVA and means separated by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Results indicatedthat light had no significant effect on B. carinata phenol content. However, microgreens grown insand showed statistically higher amounts of phenol content than those grown using cocopeat. For
vitamin C content, media and light showed no significant effect. Based on our results, sand, as alocally available medium and in either light, can equally be used to produce microgreens for phenols
and Vitamin C for Brassica carinata.
−2−1

Keywords: microgreens, LED light, growing media, functional foods, nutraceuticals

79

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-42

Transfer of Producing Fermented Bio-Extract Method from Fermented Fish by
Product for Using in Organic Vegetables Cultivation to Smallholder Farmers inNortheastern Thailand
Supaporn PLUANGCHOMPOOa*, Keattichai MONTREEWONGa, and Anan POLTHANEEb
Department of Agricultural Economic, Khon Kaen University, Thailand
Department of Extension and Agricultural Development, Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding email: psuppap@kku.ac.thabAbstract
Organic agriculture is the process by which products are produced without the use of chemical
agents. Organic agriculture, like a key to sustainable farming systems, has captured the interest of
many countries throughout the world in response to the need to sustain the health of soils,
ecosystems and people. There are various groups of smallholder farmers transforming theirpractices from chemical farming to organic farming. However, some groups succeed in converting
to organic farming, but some remain in chemically based farming systems. Objectives of transfer
such technology were, to improve yield and net income of the smallholder farmer groups who groworganic leafy vegetables at Khao-Pranon sub-district, Kalasin province, Northeastern Thailand in
2022. Three groups farmer (15 persons) who grow leafy vegetables namely, morning glory,chinese parsley, chinese green mustard, salad and chinese celery participate for testing of thistechnology. Training of smallholder farmers was carried out at the study site. Before and after
training, evaluations of knowledge were tested in relation to the understanding of fermented
bioextract fertilizer such as how to produce and use for organic vegetables cultivation. For testing
technology treatments, farmer cultivation practices with single soil pig manure application ascompared to recommendation practices with soil pig manure combined foliar application of
fermented bioextract fertilizer were evaluated in term of yield and economic return. The results
found that farmers grown all kinds of leafy cultivation vegetables practices following therecommendation increased yield by 25-100 % over famer cultivation practices. The farmers
cultivation practiced following recommendation increased the net income by 34-335 USD overfarmer cultivation practices, depending on kind of vegetables. Chinese parsley produced the
maximum net income of 759 USD in year-round. While salad vegetables gave the highest benefitcost ratio (4.7) in the present study.
Keywords: organic, vegetable, fermented bioextract, yield, economic return

80

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-43

Transfer Optimizing Use of Nutrients for Increasing Cassava Yield and Net
Income to Smallholder Farmers in Northeastern Thailand
Supaporn PLUANGCHOMPOOa*, Keattichai MONTREEWONGa, and Anan POLTHANEEba

Department of Agricultural Economic, Khon Kaen University, Thailandb
Department of Extension and Agricultural Development, Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding email: psuppap@kku.ac.th

Abstract
Cassava is one main crop of smallholder farmers in Southeast Asia. It can grow in low fertile soils
and in drought-prone areas with little risk of complete crop failure. In Thailand, cassava grow inlarge areas of northeastern region. However, inefficient nutrient management by the smallholder
farmers may cause large yield gab of actual yield (farmer practices) to deviate from potential yields(recommendation based on soil testing). Smallholder farmers typically have limited amount of
nutrients application and use general formula of fertilizer. Therefore, a major focus should be placedon properly addressing the fundamental issues of providing the crops with adequate nutrients
under highly variable soil fertility conditions. The transfer of this technology was carried out at the
Kao-Pranon sub-district, Kakasin province. Ten farmers were selected to participate in testing theuse of nutrient following in 1965 the recommendation based on soil testing, in comparison with
farmer cultivation practices. The results found that most farmers applied fertilizer with N and K
deficiency while, P using below adequate amount only 50% of the total farmers. Application ofnutrients following recommendation produced higher storage root yield (35 ton/ha) than farmer
practices (18 ton/ha). The starch content of the storage root was obtained 29 and 28 percent forrecommendation and farmer practices, respectively. For economic return, application of nutrients
following recommendation gave higher net income (2,488 U$$/ha) than farmer practices (889
U$$/ha). Transfer of optimizing use of essential nutrients efficiency and minimize nutrients less tothe environment. Extension of such nutrients management could be applied to cassava growing
areas in the Northeastern of Thailand.
Keywords: Cassava, nutrients, storage root yield, starch content, economic return

81

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-45

Diversity of Insect Pollinators at the Conservation area of Chaiyaphum Province
in the Northeastern Thailand
Duangrat THONGPHAKa* and Ubon TANGKAWANITaa

Entomology Section, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University
Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand*Corresponding email: duathg@kku.ac.th

Abstract
Insect pollinators were collected from the Plant Genetic Conservation area, Chulabhorn Dam,
Chaiyaphom Province using sweep net and by observation. The data was collected during the dry
season (March 2018) and wet season (September 2018). In total, 41 species from 4 Orders and
34 families were found, of which 30 species from the Order Lepidoptera were the most found,followed by Hymenoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera with 10, 8 and 3 species respectively. Shanon’s
index of diversity (H) was compared to a variety of insect pollinators. The species diversity index
showed that species diversity of insect pollinators in the study area is low (H' = 1.13) while theEvenness index showed high dominant species (J' = 0.30). Order Hymenoptera is the mostcommon pollinator among the other species found in this study (with 35.01% frequency comparedto all obtained insect specimens).
Keywords: Diversity, pollinators, Plant Genetic Conservation area, Chulabhorn Dam

82

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-46

The Influence of Copper and Cadmium Combined Pollution in Soil on Growth,
Yield, and Copper and Cadmium Uptake of Soybean
Choichi SASAKIa*, Chihiro KATOa, Nobuhiko MATSUYAMAa, Takeyuki ANNAKAb,
and Kiichi SASAKIc
Hirosaki University, Japan
Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Japanc
Aomori Prefectural Improvement Projects Federation, Aomori, Japan*Corresponding email: chsasaki@hirosaki-u.ac.jpabAbstract
Food produced in polluted farmland often damages human health. Studying various mechanisms
further of how agricultural products are contaminated is always very important. The purpose of thisstudy is to investigate the influence of copper-and-cadmium-combined pollution in soil on thegrowth and yield of soybeans and their uptake of copper and cadmium. Our models consisted of alayer of 14cm gravel at the bottom of the plastic containers, a layer of 20cm non-polluted soil on
top of that, and another layer of 20cm polluted soil on the top. We cultivated eight soybean plants
in every model. In this, we used a sample of cadmium-polluted soil (about 1.81 mg kg-1) takenfrom a paddy field. We controlled the copper concentrations in soil at 100 mg kg-1, 250 mg kg-1,
and 400 mg kg-1; soybeans were seeded in early June and harvested in early October. Cd
concentrations in soybean seeds in three different models with different levels of Cu contamination
in soil, 100 mg kg-1, 250 mg kg-1, and 400 mg kg-1, became 0.48 mg kg-1, 0.53 mg kg-1 and1.30 mg kg-1, respectively; also, Cu concentrations in soybean seeds in the three models became
10.53 mg kg-1, 15.40 mg kg-1 and 20.18mg/kg respectively. The order of copper and cadmium
concentrations in the plants became seed<stem<root. The growth and yield of soybeans were lower
in models with soil Cu concentration at 400 mg kg-1 than in the models with soil Cu concentration
at 100 mg kg-1. The models with soil Cu concentration at 400 mg kg-1 only yielded three stumps.
From those results, we concluded that the influence of the changes in Cu concentration in soil,
which was polluted with both Cd and Cu, would be considerable on the growth and yield of soybean
plants and cadmium and copper concentrations in them.
Keywords: soil contamination, cadmium, Copper, soybean

83

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-47

Functional Ingredients and Antioxidant Effect of Planchonella obovata Products in
Cambodia
Sothea KONGab, Chim CHAYa, Hiroyuki HATTORIc, Samnang NGUONa, and Kasumi ITOd*
Graduate School, Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia
Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Japanc
Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, JapandInternational Center for Research and Education in Agriculture, Nagoya University, Japan*Corresponding email: kasumito@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jpabAbstract
In Cambodia, typical traditional foods, including fish pastes and fermented vegetables, have beencatered widely in wet markets because of high consumption. Most of them have not known yet
about ingredients and nutrient information although they are popularized. Planchonella obovata’s
product is one such food that has not been elucidated the benefit for consumer health yet. This
study evaluates its nutrition and physiochemical properties. The fresh and processed (pickled andsmashed-in-sugar) Planchonella obovata fruits were collected two times for experiment from 10
stores in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, in September 2022. These samples were analyzed the nutritional
values (pH, total acid, moisture contents, vitamin C, total soluble solid, and total sugar) and mineralcompositions (NaCl, Ca, Mg, and ash). In addition, the functional ingredients (total phenoliccontents and tannin contents) and antioxidant activities were measured using the flesh of this plant.
As a result, nutritional values showed that both processed fruits were not much different in NaCl,
Ca, and ash; however, they were higher than fresh fruit. The moisture contents, total soluble solid,
and total sugar of the smashed-in-sugar were the highest. Interestingly, the fresh fruit contained
the highest vitamin C whereas the processed had the lowest one. The results of functional
ingredient measurement indicated that the fresh fruit flesh was rich in total phenolic and tannin
contents than those of the processed fruit flesh. For further studies, processing methods ofPlanchonella obovata should be modified properly to maintain essential antioxidants such asvitamin C, phenolic, and tannin contents. Particularly, bioactive compounds in Planchonella obovata
should be clearly specified due to their usefulness for human health.
Keywords: physiochemical properties, Planchonella obovata, traditional foods, Cambodia

84Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

AG-15-51

Designing the Future: How Business Model Innovations Drive Sustainable Food
Systems
Islam Mohamed KAMELa, Fadi ABDELRADIa, Victor SHAKERa, Hamid EL BILALIb, Sinisa
BERJANc*
Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies (CIHEAM-Bari), Valenzano(Bari), Italyc
Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, East Sarajevo, Bosnia, and Herzegovina*Corresponding email: sinisa.berjan@ues.rs.baab

Abstract
Traditional agrifood business models have prioritized short-term profits over long-termsustainability. Such doctrine has resulted in environmental degradation, climate change, resource
depletion, food insecurity, and social instability and urged the need for innovation in sustainablebusiness models (SBM) design. In this context, many organizations in the agri-food system lack acomprehensive interpretation of SBM as they claim to implement SBMs, yet they often fall short ofgenerating and capturing its value. The crucial need for design science research for developing andapplying SBM to foster business model transformation and mitigate adverse economic,
environmental, and social consequences has become indispensable. SBM, as an emerging unit ofanalysis from a holistic system-level approach, is not fully clear due to its substantial complexity.
To fill this gap, a mixed method approach was used via a systematic review through the Scopus
database as well as semi-structured interviews with an international panel of experts to collect thequalitative data. Furthermore, to overcome the quantitative imbalance between the components ofthe sustainability dimensions, as economic elements are often prioritized, the Triple Bottom-Lineapproach (3BL) and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analysis (MCDA) were adopted. The research
results present a conceptual framework consisting of archetypes of SBMs in the agri-food system.
These archetypes include maximizing efficiency, creating value from waste, substituting withrenewables, delivering functionality, adopting a stewardship role, encouraging sufficiency, andscaling up solutions. The study also identifies key components of an SBM in this system, such assustainable sourcing, resource utilization, waste reduction, social responsibility, stakeholder
engagement, and value creation along the value chain. However, transition costs, limited awareness,market demand, complex supply chains, policy gaps, technical barriers, and resistance to change
in adopting sustainable practices are still challenges facing the transformation to SBM in the agrifood system.
Keywords: sustainable business model, design science research, business model transformation,
sustainable value creation, agri-food system

85

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-02

Impact of Ruzi Dissemination Characteristics on Land Use Change in
Xiengkhoung Province, Lao PDR
Soulikone CHAIVANHNAab*, Chuleemas Boonthai IWAIb, Pascal LIENHARDc
Department of Agricultural Land management, Lao PDR, PhD student in Khonkaen University,
Thailandb
Department of Soil Science and Environment, Khon Kaen University, ThailandcCentre de Cooperation International en Recherché Agronomique pour le Development (CIRAD),
France.
*Corresponding email: csoulikone@gmail.com
aAbstract
Land use and land cover change were affected by agriculture production dynamic related todemand of market and consuming as food and industrial sector. Ruzi grass dissemination andanimal raising is one of the causes that led to land use change especially cropland change to ruzi
pasture, forest to ruzi grass and ruzi grass to cropland and plantation. The objectives of the study
were to evaluate ruzi grass dissemination effect to land use change. The study was conducted byfield survey, group discussion with farmers and mapping by using GIS. The characteristics of ruzi
pasture and their management and influence on other land use such as cropland, forest land andother tree plantation were studied. The results found that the history of ruzi grass planted in thearea since 1995 since FLSP project funded by AusAid, the character of ruzi were demonstration
plot in the pilot farmer in small area about 0.1-0.3 ha, then farmers continued extend by them self.
In 2003 there was PRONAE project support seed and investment for fencing to farmer to extend
ruzi grass area around1 ha in average per household in the high landscape, 0.3-0.5 ha perhousehold in the medium and low landscape areas. There were very few lands use type in the highland area (upland rice, tree plantation and livestock area), medium land had annual crop (maize),vegetable, fruit tree, livestock, that more than high land and low land (paddy rice and vegetable).
Up to now there are ruzi pastures extend to 10 to 30 ha per village or about 2-3 ha per householdin high landscape but there was still not much in the medium and low land area. In term of ruzi
grass management, there were three main model as: 1) animal grazing in the one plot during wet
season and then open to the crop land in dry season after harvested mostly in the medium
landscape areas, 2) animal grazing one plot whole year but leave ruzi grass regrowing 1-3 months
then bring animal grazing again, this model was practiced mainly in the high landscape areas and3) animal grazing + cut and carry practiced in the low landscape areas. In summary, Ruzi grassdissemination instead fallow, forest and crop land during 1998 to 2023 and tend to increase in the
future if land degradation, crop yield low then farmer change land use to pasture.
Keywords: Ruzi grass dissemination, land use change, landscapes

86Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-04

Soil Biota, Soil Biological Activity, and Soil Carbon Storage in Different Land
Uses in Northeast Thailand
Yarapon PUTTAKOTa, Chuleemas Boonthai IWAIab*, and Anan WONGCHAROENca

Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture,
Khon Kaen University, ThailandbIntegrated Land and Water Resource Management Researchand Development Center in Northeast Thailand,
Khon Kaen University, ThailandcDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology*Corresponding email: chuleemas1@gmail.com

Abstract
Land use changes from natural forest to agricultural land contribute to the release of greenhousegases, such as carbon dioxide (CO ), into the atmosphere and is a significant factor in causing
global warming. The northeastern region of Thailand relies heavily on the agricultural sector,
making the assessment and monitoring of carbon storage in soil, as well as the activities of
microorganisms and other living organisms in the soil, crucial for reducing agricultural greenhousegas emissions and promoting sustainable agriculture. This study aims to assess soil biota, soil
biological activity, and soil carbon storage across various land use types in the region, with a focus
on the case study of Ban Hua Bueng, Sai Mun Subdistrict, Nam Phong District, Khon Kaen Province.
We aim to explore the relationships between land use types in six areas, including the community
forest area (Fr), cassava cultivation involving the application of chemical fertilizer (Cs), cassava
planting areas managed with the addition of organic fertilizer (Cs-O), sugarcane growing areas
where chemical fertilizer is applied and plant residues are burned (Sc), sugarcane growing areas
with the addition of organic fertilizer and without burning of plant residues labeled as (Sc-O), andrice cultivation areas designated as (Pd). The results showed that agriculture land use clearlyaffects soil biota. Specifically, earthworms are found in agricultural areas only 0-20% compared toforest areas. Additionally, the population of microorganisms is most abundant in forest areas. Soilorganic carbon was found to be positively related to soil respiration activity, and total nitrogen
showed statistical significance.
Keywords: carbon storage, soil biological activity, earthworm, land use
287

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-05

Investigating the potential of Azolla microphylla on wastewater treatment andcarbon sequestration
Nyein NYEINa and Chuleemas Boonthai IWAIab*a

Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture,
Khon Kaen University, ThailandbIntegrated Land and Water Resource Management Researchand Development Center in Northeast Thailand,
Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding email: chuleemas1@gmail.com

Abstract
Nowadays, the environmental pollution including water pollution and climate change became
significant issues. Therefore, the eco-friendly approaches for environmental conservation are
essential among the new techniques. This study investigated the capacity of Azolla microphylla inwastewater treatment and carbon sequestration. The experiment was conducted with threetreatments and three replications by using different water sources (tap water, domestic wastewaterand swine wastewater) to grow the Azolla microphylla for 7 days. The results were found that thebiomass growth of Azolla increased to 67.6%, 93.9% and 103.3% and absolute growth rate ranged
from 5.67 to 8.69 g/day. The maximum growth rate was resulted from domestic wastewater, which
is not significantly difference from tap water (p < 0.05). Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) was
reduced by 68%, 46% and 12% in tap water, swine wastewater and domestic wastewater. Chemical
Oxygen Demand (COD) was reduced by 41% and 18% in swine wastewater and domestic
wastewater. The increased organic carbon (OC) content of Azolla ranged 23 to 35% and the carbon
dioxide (CO2) sequestration of the Azolla was increased to 23%, 34% and 36% in swine wastewater,
domestic wastewater and tap water. The study evaluated that the Azolla has the potential on
wastewater treatment from different wastewater sources and it has the ability to sequester the
carbon dioxide in the mitigation of the climate change.
Keywords: Azolla, phytoremediation, wastewater treatment, climate change

88Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-06

Determination of the Factors Affecting the Performances of Sediment Microbial
Fuel Cells by Long-term Electricity Generation Using Lactic Acid Bacteriaattached Electrodes
Narong TOUCHa* and Tadashi HIBINObaTokyo University of Agricultural, Tokyo, Japanb
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan*Corresponding email: nt207118@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
Sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) performance can be improved using electrodes fermented
with and without aeration as cathodes and anodes, respectively. However, this improved
performance does not exceed 60 days. In this study, the cathode water-based factors affecting
SMFC performance were identified using long-term electricity generation. Meanwhile, SMFC
performance (polarization) was measured during the experiments. In addition to the polarization
measurement, the pH, electrical conductivity (EC) of the cathode water, and adenosine triphosphate(ATP) on the cathode surface were measured. Experiments were conducted with and without theoverflow of cathode water. Thereafter, the scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray(SEM–EDX) analysis of the cathodes was performed. Similar to the literature, SMFC performance
began to decrease on Day 60 from the commencement of the experiments. Furthermore, the pH
difference before and after Day 60 was within 0.2, indicating that the pH of the cathode water did
not directly affect SMFC performance. Moreover, EC was kept low with cathode water overflow,
significantly decreasing SMFC performance. Further, the SMFC performance increased with anincrease in ATP, indicating that the bacterial activities on the electrode affected SMFC performance.
The SEM–EDX results revealed that metal ions were obtained from the dissolution of steelmaking
slag attached to the cathode surface, indicating the crystallization of these metal ions during theexperiments. These findings indicate that the crystallization on the cathode driven by long-term
electricity generation inhibited bacterial activities and cathode reactions, thereby decreasing SMFC
performance.
Keywords: sediment microbial fuel cell, performance, pH, electrical conductivity, adenosine
triphosphate, crystallization

89

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-07

Design of a Two-chamber Microbial Fuel Cell Without a Proton Exchange
Membrane for Electricity Generation from Food Wastes
Narong TOUCHa* and Xiao XIAObaTokyo University of Agricultural, Tokyo, Japanb
Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan*Corresponding email: nt207118@nodai.ac.jp

Abstract
A conventional biomass-fired power plant requires substantial construction costs, making its
implementation difficult in rural areas of developing countries. In contrast, microbial fuel cell (MFC)
technology offers numerous benefits over conventional plants; however, its performance iscurrently inadequate and requires improvement before it can be deployed. This study proposed a
new design for the anode chamber of a two-chamber MFC without a proton exchange membrane
when food waste is used as a substrate. Different configurations of the anode chamber, including
those with and without a soil layer and different anode positions, were investigated. The effects ofeach structure on MFC performance were investigated by measuring temporal changes in thecathode potential and examining the electrical conductivity (EC), oxidation–reduction potential(ORP) of the cathode water, and electrical current of MFC. The analysis of EC and ORP variations
revealed that the introduction of a soil layer in the anode chamber resulted in lower EC values andhigher cathode potentials, indicating that the soil layer acted as a filter to reduce the diffusion ofions from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber. However, this adsorption process increased
the ohmic losses in the MFC system and decreased the current density. In the designs without asoil layer, when the anode was installed in the steelmaking slag (SS) layer, a higher cathodepotential was observed compared with the design in which the anode was placed on the SS layer.
Consequently, this higher potential induced a higher current density. However, without theexchange of cathode water, the current density decreased temporally, and no significant differencein the current density was observed between these designs during the first 7 days after generating
electrical current. Therefore, placing the anode on the SS layer is a suitable design for recovering
electricity from food waste.
Keywords: two-chamber microbial fuel cell, food waste, diffusion, cathode water quality

90Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-08

Impact of Street Tree Management on the Plants Colonizing Street Tree Bases in
an Urban Environment
Masaaki FURUNOa, Taizo UCHIDAa*, Xue Jun HUANb, Daisuke HAYASAKAc, and Teruo ARASEd
Kyusyu Sangyo University, Japan
Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, ChinacKindai University, Japand
Shinshu University, Japan*Corresponding email: uchida@ip.kyusan-u.ac.jpabAbstract
The space at the base of street trees (hereafter called as "street tree bases") is invaded andcolonized by a diverse plant population, primarily consisting of native species. Therefore, it is
implied that street tree bases contribute to urban biodiversity. However, there is a lack of
information regarding the plants that invade and colonize street tree bases, and comprehensive
research is required in this direction. There are various types of street trees (hereafter referred toas "street tree types"), such as hedges, those with have planted beds at their bases. Therefore, we
examined the effects of street tree types on plants that invade and establish street tree bases. In
addition, their contribution to urban biodiversity is based on the presence of buried seedpopulations in street tree bases. The results showed that many plants that were not found in othertypes invaded and colonized in each street tree type, forming a plant community that differed fromother types. In other words, we believe that street tree bases can further increase urban biodiversity
by establishing various street tree types. In addition, it was found that buried seed communities
were present in many street tree bases indicating that street tree bases also serve as urban soil
seed banks.
Keywords: street tree type, urban biodiversity, nature positive, buried seed91Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-09

Ecotoxicology of Microplastics Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) in Soil on
Earthworms (Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugeniae)
Laddawan UPAKHOTa and Chuleemas Boonthai IWAIab*a

Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University,
Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
bIntegrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center inNortheast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
*Corresponding email: chuleemas1@gmail.com

Abstract
Microplastics are particles of plastic less than 5 mm. in size. Recently, microplastics were found inoceans, rivers, and soil. Microplastics contaminated in the environment have been contributing topollution and posing threats to ecosystems. This study aims to study the acute toxicity of
microplastic low-density polyethylene (LDPE, ≤ 1 mm.) on earthworms (Eisenia foetida andEudrilus eugeniae), which are essential organisms for soil health and functioning in different
concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%), with four replicates in artificial soil. Results showthat the LC50 values of low-density polyethylene microplastics at 14 days on Eisenia foetida andEudrilus eugeniae were 5.96% and 3.6%, respectively. The microplastic that affected onearthworms (Eisenia foetida and Eudrilus eugeniae) and surface damage of earthworms wasobserved at the concentration of above 0.25% after exposure 14 days. While more than 10% of
mortality was observed at concentrations of 1% in Eisenia foetida and more than 10% of mortality
was observed at concentrations above 0.25% in Eudrilus eugeniae, a positive correlation was foundbetween the concentration of microplastic and mortality in both earthworm species, while anegative correlation was found between microplastic concentration and weight of change inearthworms.
Keywords: effect, earthworm, microplastics, pollution

92

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-10

Sustainability Initiatives in the Wood Processing Industry: Studying the
Possibility of Utilizing Sawdust in the Production of Mycelium-based
Biocomposites to Develop Circular Material
Thana TEERAPHANTUVATa, Kritsana JATUWONGbc, Saisamorn LUMYONGcde*, and Worawoot
AIDUANGbc*
Northfield Mount Hermon School, Mount Hermon, Massachusetts 01354, United States ofAmericab
Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandcDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailanddCenter of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University,
Chiang Mai 50200, Thailande
Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand*Corresponding email: scboi009@gmail.com and maxworawoot@gmail.com
aAbstract
The wood processing industry plays a pivotal role in the global economy and environmental
preservation. With sustainability gaining increasing importance, wood processing industries areactively looking for innovative solutions to minimize waste and environmental impact. One
promising approach involves the utilization of sawdust, a byproduct of wood processing, to produce
mycelium-based biocomposites (MBCs) for the creation of circular materials. This research project
explores the feasibility of utilizing sawdust, derived from three different wood types, including redalder, white oak, and yellow poplar, into the production of MBCs. The process involves employing
fungal mycelium from the genus Ganoderma sp. (WE-CMU 011) as a biopolymer to bind thesubstrate particles together. The mechanical and physical properties of the obtained MBCs werethen examined and compared with those of traditional synthetic materials. The outcomes revealthat the obtained MBCs exhibit density levels and compression strengths ranging from 167.71 to
208.28 kg/m3 and 387.28 to 562.06 kPa, respectively, surpassing those of many synthetic foams.
Particularly, MBCs produced from a combination of mixed sawdust and white oak sawdust
demonstrate superior compression strength and density compared to MBCs from other wood types.
Additionally, the study indicates that using a blend of sawdust from all three wood types during
production results in MBCs with low average shrinkage and volumetric swelling. However,concerning water absorption, the obtained MBCs in this study show 110.99–139.37%, still higher
than those of synthetic materials. Although these qualities may require improvement, the waterabsorbing capacity of MBCs could find applications in agriculture for retaining moisture and inpackaging materials for liquid chemicals prone to leaks during transportation. Importantly, thisstudy not only provides valuable insights for the wood processing industry and environmental
advocates but also highlights the potential of circular material production for achieving sustainable,
eco-friendly, and economically viable practices.
Keywords: agro-industrial waste, green composite materials, mycelium technology, BCG Model,
biobased economy
93Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-11

Co-digestion of Ensiled Napier Grass andCommercial Bakery Wastewater for Bioenergy Production
Natagarn TONGPHANPHARNa*, Montip JANKAEWa, and Natsima TOKHANaaEnvironmental Science and Technology program, Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University*Corresponding email: natagarn@vru.ac.th

Abstract
Bioenergy derived from anaerobic digestion has gained attention for a decade because of its ability
to convert waste into biogas. The advantages of this biotechnology could replace conventionalenergy, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and produce less biodegradable waste. This study
focused on the methane production from ensiled Napier grass (Pak Chong 1) by co-digestion withanaerobic mixed cultures of an Expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) from a bakery factory. The
ratio of co-digestion between ensiled Napier grass feedstock and inoculum (F/I ratio) was 1:1 and1:3 based on volatile solids (VS). The potential of methane production was evaluated using a batch
experiment for 30 days in the laboratory at room temperature (32–35 ± 5ºC). To enhance the biogas
production, alkaline pre-treatment of Napier grass by adding 1% NaOH was provided in this study.
The results demonstrated that the methane production potential of the F/I ratio at 1:1 and 1:3 was
at 146.83 ± 39 and 100.67 ± 69 mL CH /g COD, respectively. The maximum energy production
based on methane production is approximately 9.17 kJ/L. The rage of pH was 6.96 ± 0.2 to 9.93 ±0.2 and the percentage of SS, TS, and COD removal were 60.10, 24.69 and 48.63, respectively.
The results of this study indicated that the feedstock and inoculum ratio (F/I), including
pretreatment of feedstock and inoculum, is necessary for biogas potential production. The potential
biogas production of the CSTR reactor and its economic feasibility should be further considered.
4

Keywords: bioenergy, methane production, Napier grass, commercial bakery wastewater

94

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-19

Evaluation of Soil Micronutrient Status Across Selected Land Use Types in
Chembe Enclaved Village of Lake Malawi National Park
Placid MPEKETULAa, Dickson MAZIBUKOab, Sarvesh MASKEYc,
Hiroko GONOd, and Hiromu OKAZAWAc*
School of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Malawi, Malawi
Graduate School of Agro-Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanc
Faculty of Regional Environmental Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, JapandFaculty of International Agriculture and Food Studies, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: h1okazaw@nodai.ac.jpabAbstract
Management of soil micronutrients is vital for better crop production and ecosystem functionality.
Better understanding of soil micronutrient status and variability is needed for productive andsustainable ecosystem health. This is relevant for soils of “Chembe” enclaved village which locatedwithin Lake Malawi National Park (LMNP), a world heritage site. The aim of this study was to obtainmicronutrient baseline data for soils across various land use types and provide benchmark studies
for long term monitoring and management. We measured the concentration of a panel ofmicronutrients in soils using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) after acid block digestion witha mixture of concentrated nitric acid (70% HNO ) and Hydrogen peroxide (30% H O ). Measured
micronutrients included zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) fromsoil samples obtained from five different land use types of namely community garden, maize farm,
dambo wetland, bare land and forest land at 0-5 cm and 5 -20 cm depths. Results indicated thatland use type as well as soil depth were important factors. Mean soil Zn and Mn were significantly
high in community garden (1.51, 663 mg/kg respectively) in the topsoils compared to the rest of
the land use types (p<0.0001). On the other hand, topsoils from the forest had significantly highlevels of Cu and Iron (3.7, 329 mg/kg respectively, p<0.001). The maize farm had the highest
concentrations of Se (0.28 mg/kg) while the dambo wetland and the community garden had thelowest levels (0.01 mg/ kg). These finding suggest that micronutrient deficiency in soils of Chembe
is tightly linked to such factors such as land use type and further research is warranted toinvestigate the impacts of the changes with respect to crop and plant productivity and other broader
ecosystem wide implications in the enclaved village of LMNP.
3

Keywords: micronutrient, crop production, ecosystem, soil management, land use

95

2

2

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-20

Soil Carbon Sequestration and Soil Chemical Properties in Different Land Uses inNortheast Thailand
Saharatkarin NAMSEa, Chuleemas Boonthai IWAIab*, and Thammared CHUASAVATHIaa

Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University,
Thailandb
Integrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center inNortheast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding email: chuleemas1@gmail.com

Abstract
The problem of global warming is a big concern. Climate change affects human life andenvironmental, economic, and social problems. Agricultural land use is an activity that releases alarge amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that causes global warming. However, soil is also an
important reservoir of carbon. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important component regulating soil
fertility and crop productivity, as well as the global carbon cycle. This research was carried out in
Ban Hua Bueng Traimoon Subdistric, located in northeastern Thailand. The objective of this study
was to investigate the effects of different land-use and soil management practices on Soil carbon
sequestration and soil chemical properties. Different land uses (paddy field, forest, organic cassava,chemical cassava and sugar cane) were studied in 2023. The results showed that the percentage
of nitrogen (N) was found to be highest in paddy fields, followed by forest, organic cassava,chemical cassava, and sugar cane, have nitrogen (N) percentages from highest to lowest,
respectively. Phosphorus (P) content was found to be highest in sugarcane, forest, rice, organic
cassava, and chemical cassava, respectively. The exchangeable potassium (K) was found to behighest in the paddy field, followed by sugarcane, forest, chemical cassava, and organic cassava
has exchangeable potassium (K) from highest to lowest, respectively. The pH and EC values in theforest are the highest. Plant nutrient management in agricultural areas involves the use of chemicalfertilizers, which causes the pH value to decrease. In the forest, there is a lot of organic matter.
And it is close to natural spring water that contains minerals, causing it to have a high EC value.
The amount of soil organic matter and soil carbon sequestration was found highest in paddy field
followed by forest, organic cassava, chemical cassava and sugarcane, respectively.
Keywords: land use, carbon storage in soil, economic crops, climate change

96

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-22

Effect of Tannery Sludge on Plant Germination
Yoseph Junedi Nuwa Dhuge POAa and Chuleemas Boonthai IWAIab*a

Department of Soil Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University,
Thailandb
Integrated Land and Water Resource Management Research and Development Center inNortheast Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding e-mail: chuleemas1@gmail.com

Abstract
Tannery sludge has a main role as a contaminant in environmental problems. The consequences
affected crops and the ground. Considering the negative impact of tannery waste, this researchobserves the effect of sludge from leather industry by germination test. Using common plants,
Brassica rapa and Triticum aestivum, this experiment was set up under the conditions: soil andtannery sludge, combination soil, biochar and tannery sludge, soil mix biochar, also soil without
addition material for the control. All are potted in plastic boxes with three replications for eachtreatment. Germination tests utilize 50 seeds in every pot, 60% of soil moisture, 27-30°C of
temperature during 10 days of observation. Result in qualitative parameters informed Triticum
aestivum in control pot and soil biochar mix had the potential to growth quickly moreover plants
condition going well except in the tanneries-soil combined. Brassica rapa comes after just threedays of monitoring although circumstances of the plants not in virtuous state, the stem not thatsolid also the leaves not in peak shape. Applied by Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for presentation of seed germination shows growth of Brassica rapa
and Triticum aestivum significantly controlled by the soil combination for Brassica rapa soil
treatment had a promising result however other mixtures related in same condition. In other hand
Triticum aestivum present different effect. Composite of soil with biochar also soil, biochar andtannery sludge had fine outcomes. Thus, this analysis revealed that tannery sludge had a negative
effect during germination process for plants.
Keywords: Chromium, germination, plant, soil, tannery sludge

97Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-26

Comparison of Macroinvertebrate Assemblages between Mountain Strem
Constructions and Natural Streams
Tetsuya SHIMAMURAa*, Ryosuke TSUJIa, Masaki HAMAGUCHIa, Kyosuke INOa, and
Eri NABESHIMAa
Ehime University, Japan*Corresponding email: simamura@agr.ehime-u.ac.jpaAbstract
Artificial river constructions, such as erosion control dams, are prevalent in many mountain streams
in Japan, leading to a simplification of the river structure through channel straightening andnarrowing. This alteration results in reduced habitat heterogeneity, causing severe degradation of
the environment for living organisms. Consequently, biodiversity in these areas is significantly
diminished. On the other hand, these artificial constructions、such as erosion control dams, havethe potential to create an environment resembling stagnant water by smoothing the gradient, thus
providing a habitat distinct from the natural streams. To evaluate the effect of the presence ofartificial constructions on macroinvertebrate assemblages, we conducted research in the Ehime
University Forest, Takanawa Peninsula, Ehime Prefecture, Japan, between April and June andOctober and November 2022.
Sampling was conducted at various sites, including natural streams, erosion control dams,
culverts, and ditches. Using a 30 cm square frame, we collected benthic organisms from each site.
Our findings revealed 1119 macroinvertebrates, with 756 and 363 individuals from natural streams
and artificial structures, respectively. Of the 49 taxa identified, 26 were found in both artificial
constructions and natural streams. Nine and 13 taxa were exclusive to artificial constructions andnatural streams, respectively. Shannon's diversity index was 4.12 and 3.95 in natural streams andartificial structures, resulting in an overall diversity index of 4.30. Notably, lentic Dytiscoidea andNotonectidae were more abundant in the sediment basin of the erosion control dam than in natural
streams. Additionally, the erosion control dam wall exhibited a higher abundance of specific
Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera taxa. These findings suggest that artificial constructions inmountain streams provide habitats for macroinvertebrates that are less abundant in natural streams,
emphasizing the ecological impact of river modifications.
Keywords: benthic assemblage, mountain stream, erosion control dam

98

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-27

Evaluation of the Effect of Wood Chips and Green Manure as an Amendment for
Improvement of Soil Physical Characteristics
Takanori KANEKOa*, Yuka OGUMAb, and Tomonori FUJIKAWAb
Department to Bioproduction and Environment Engineering Faculty of Regional Environment
Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japanb
Department to Regional Regeneration Science Faculty of Regional Environment Science, Tokyo
University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: taka1504kaneko@gmail.com
aAbstract
Japan food self-sufficiency rate is under the average compared to other developed countries. To
overcome this issue, it is necessary to sustainably improve paddy fields, increase the utilization ofarable land, and increase the production of wheat and soybeans. Japanese institutions put
significant efforts to do so. Currently, there are several ways for agricultural improvements that arepromoted. These methods include underdrainage, compost, and green manure. Underdrainage isgiving effective results; however, the installation takes a lot of finances. The effect of green manureand compost are less obvious in the short run, but more affordable for farmers and can significantly
increase the organic matter in the soil. Therefore, this study explores the possibility of using woodchips as a soil amendment. Every year, forest management enterprises generate a large amountof thinned wood, however the utilization rate of this material is low. For the period from 2019 to
2021 only 35.9% of this biomass was utilized. This surplus of wood material can be used inagriculture purposes. Therefor the objective of this study is to clarify the effect of green manure
and wood chips as soil improvement amendment. The experiment is designed to assess theinfluence of woodchips and two types of green manure in different combinations and quantities on
the soil physical properties. The complete results will be presented in the full manuscript andconference presentation.
Keywords: wood chips, green manure, soil physical, land use conversion

99

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-32

Density Estimation of Deer Population Using Random Encounter
Model (REM) at Oze Wetland in Japan
Tadanobu OKUMURAa*, Kazuo Okibc, and Masayasu MAKId
Wildlife Management Office Inc, Japan
Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Japanc
The University of Tokyo, Japand
Fukusima Universiy, Japan*Corresponding email: okumura@wmo.co.jpabAbstract
Ozegahara and Ozenuma are known as the largest marsh in Japan. Valuable plant communities
grow in Oze, which was registered as a Ramsar Convention-listed wetland in 2005. The value ofthe natural environment and vegetation is widely recognised by the public, with many tourists
visiting the area during the peak flowering period of marshland plants from May to July. On theother hand, since the mid-1990s, deer have been observed in the area and the impact of deer on
the natural vegetation has become apparent.
Until now, the main indicator of the deer population in the Oze has been the change in thenumber of sightings from light census surveys, but this is strongly influenced by weather
conditions and deer movements, which can lead to large observation errors in the data. Therefore,
the density of the deer population was estimated using the random encounter model (REM), which
estimates the number of individuals based on the frequency of automatic camera shots andmovement speeds obtained from GPS collars.
Male individuals were captured using an anaesthetic gun in order to fit them with GPS collars;
the GPS collars were equipped with an iridium communication function, which regularly transmitted
positional information once an hour. For the automatic camera survey, 33 cameras were installedin the survey area and set to take three still images when an animal responded to the sensor,
followed by 20 seconds of video.
The survey showed that the population density was 18.29 animals/km 2 in 2017, 8.53
animals/km2 in 2018 and 19.44 animals/km2 in 2019, with a lower density only in 2018. As the areaof the study area was 2.66 km, the estimated number of animals within the study area was 48.69
animals/km2 in 2017, 22.71 animals/km2 in 2018 and 51.75 animals/km 2 in 2019.
Keywords: density estimation, camera trap, GPS collar, deer population, random encounter model

100

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-33

Detecting the Impact of Water Resource Development
on Flow Regime in the Mekong River Basin
Takumi SHIMURAa* and Taichi TEBAKARIa**
Chuo University, Japan*Corresponding email: a18.wemj@g.chuo-u.ac.jp**Corresponding email: ttebakari896@g.chuo-u.ac.jpaAbstract
In recent years, dam reservoir operations and construction in the upper reaches of the MekongRiver Basin have caused changes in river flow regimes, which are feared to adversely affectagriculture and fisheries in the lower reaches. However, due to a lack of hydrological data andinformation on dam reservoirs in the entire basin, it is not clear whether dam reservoirs actuallyaffect the river flow regime. In this study, in order to scientifically clarify the impact of dam reservoir
operation and construction on the river flow regime in the upstream area, numerical experiments
are conducted to reproduce the river flow regime without the impact of dam reservoir operationand construction, and the impact of dam reservoir operation are evaluated by comparing the current
flow regime and the experimentally reproduced flow regime. In the numerical experiments,
analytical flow rates are calculated for nine hydrological stations on the Mekong River using the
RRI model. Since the first dam constructed on the Mekong River was the Manwan Dam in China in
1993, the model parameters is optimized using the observed flows prior to 1992 as the flow regime
without the influence of reservoir operation and construction. The SCE-UA method is used as theparameter optimization method for the observed flows provided by the MRC. Since observed
rainfall data prior to 1992 are not available, ensemble calculations are performed using precipitation
products (APHRDITE, CHARPS, GPCC, and PERSIANN). The analytical flows without the effects of
dam reservoir operation and construction calculated by ensemble calculations are compared withthe observed flows in the top 25%, 50%, 75%, and 95% of flows per year, respectively, andevaluated.
Keywords: reservoir, water resource development, RRI model, the Mekong River basin

101

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-35

Evaluating the Performance of Managed Aquifer Recharge for Sustainable
Shallow Groundwater Resources in Prachinburi Province, Thailand.
Kewaree PHOLKERNab*, Phayom SARAPHIROMac, Thanyaporn PROMMARACHa, Rattaweep
AKSORNKLANGa, and Arunya LUEPRADITd
Groundwater Resources Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailandb
Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailanddT.C. Pharmaceutical Industries Company Limited, Bang Bon, Bangkok 10150, Thailand*Corresponding email: kewaph@kku.ac.thaAbstract
Groundwater was rapidly developed, especially for an agricultural subject in Prachinburi Province,
Thailand, due to the shortage of surface water in droughts. The Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)is implemented to harvest excess water by storing it in the aquifer for later recovery during the dry
season to sustain aquifer storage. Nontree sub-district of Kabinburi district, Prachinburi Province
was selected to be the MAR demonstration area. The area's shallow aquifer is unconsolidated rocks
consisting of sand and laterite with a thickness of about 5-20 m and groundwater level depth ofabout 3.5-12.5 m.bgs. The MAR systems have been constructed under the study of hydrogeologicalinvestigation, MAR suitability maps, and detailed designs. The instruments for assessing thevolume of recharged water and groundwater level were installed in the area. The MAR impactedarea on groundwater level and mounding or spreading areas was assessed by numericalgroundwater modeling, namely Visual MODFLOW, and monitoring data. The 49 MAR systems of 4
methods, including recharge basin (37), percolation tank (4), dry well (2), and rooftop harvesting(6), were conducted from 2019-2022 for harvesting excess water in rainy season to store inshallow groundwater. The total groundwater recharged by the MAR system is about 2,894,945
m3/yr. in 2022. The efficiency of each MAR method compared to its volume is about 5-25, 16-20,
250-300, and 10-50 times for recharge basin, percolation tank, dry well, and rooftop harvesting,respectively. The result shows that the spreading area of recharged water is about 3,431 rais or
5.49 km2 in 2022 and groundwater level was increased with range 0.5-3.7 m (average 1.7 m.).
Monitoring shallow groundwater levels shows the continuity increased compared to the same timeof the year, which means that the MAR system would be the conjunctive water management
measure for other water shortage areas.
Keywords: shallow aquifer, hydrogeology, groundwater modeling, groundwater recharge,
rainwater harvesting, water for agriculture

102

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-42

Development of ICP-MS Methodology for the Direct Strontium Isotope Ratio
Analysis in Water and Its Application in Water Resource Management
Madeleine FARRELLa* and Tatiana KOMAROVAaa

Inorganic chemistry laboratory, Queensland Public Health and Scientific Services, Queensland
Health, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains 4108, Australia*Corresponding email: Madeleine.Farrell2@health.qld.gov.au

Abstract
Strontium is an element with four naturally occurring stable isotopes ( 84Sr, 86Sr, 87Sr and 88Sr) andis found in most rock, water, plants and animals. One of the isotopes ( 87Sr) is the product of theradioactive decay of Rubidium (87Rb), which means a system containing both Rb and Sr will havea specific radiogenic signature, or 87Sr/86Sr ratio. Strontium Isotope Ratio analysis is an establishedtechnique and is recognised as a powerful tool in provenance studies due to inherent variation ofStrontium sources within a system. Most traditional methodologies require relatively large volumesof samples to perform a multi-stage chemical separation of Rb and Sr prior to analysis.
The vital challenge for the determination of 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios by ICP-MS is overcoming
the spectral overlap of 87Sr+ and 87 Rb+ ions. It has been demonstrated that triple quadrupole ICPMS (ICP-QQQ) can resolve this issue by utilizing reaction gases inline to form a product ion withthe target analyte, therefore, mass shifting the analyte away from interferences for accurate
measurements. The use of an online chemical separation technique allows for precise
determination of Strontium Isotope ratios without need for complicated pre-separation and risk ofsample contamination.
The technique can be utilized in the analysis of water samples for the development of strontium
environmental tracer maps, facilitating assessment of water resource management by describing
aquatic species movement in relation to key environmental flow strategies. Access to Strontium
Isotope ratio analysis routinely would allow a library of data across water catchments to be built
upon and be beneficial for environmental monitoring.
Keywords: Strontium Isotope ratios, water, triple quadrupole ICP-MS, environmental management

103Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-45

Characteristics of Wastewater from Some Pig Farms in Laos
Kengkham SANDKHAMLUEa and Santi KONGMANYa*a

Center of Excellence in Environment, National University of Laos, Lao PDR*Corresponding email: s.kongmnay@nuol.edu.laAbstract
Pork is an important protein sources of Laotian leading to large expansion of pig farms nationwide
in the Lao PDR. Most of pig farms are small and medium size ones contracted and controlled in all
aspects by companies. However, it was found that most pig farms are equipped with 4 wastewatercollecting ponds, and the wastewater is usually left naturally for solid-liquid separation. The
untreated pig farm wastewater is known to be very polluted, and it would create a great concern
to society and environment deterioration if it is naturally or accidentally discharged into
environment. Therefore, the investigation of pig farm wastewater should not be overlooked, and to
our knowledge, this study on characterization of pig farm wastewater in Laos is missing, leading
to the objective of this study. In this initiative research, wastewater samples from the selected
ponds (first and last pond) of 10 pig farms in Xaythany district of Vientiane Capital of Laos werecollected and analyzed for pH, EC, COD, BOD, TDS, TSS, Cations, Anions, E. coli coliform, total
coliform and antibiotics residue. The experimental results showed that the wastewater from thefirst pond was highly polluted by indication of measured BOD, COD, TSS, and NH 4 values. The
residue of antibiotics such as amoxicillin, streptomycin, gentamycin, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin,
penicillin G were also detected in the wastewater. The water quality in the last pond was slightly
better but it could still not be discharged into the outside environment. The detailed research finding
results will be presented at the conference.
Keywords: pig farms, wastewater characteristics, Xaythany district, Vientiane capital, Laos

104

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

EM-15-48

Urban Green Development in Siem Reap Town, Siem Reap Province: Case Studyon Public SpaceSokhieng CHEEa, Yin Chan ENGb, Sophak POKa, Thapkonin CHHOENGSANa, and Sanara HORa*aFaculty of Land Management and Land Administration, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom
Penh, CambodiabGraduate School of Environmental Engineering, Macquarie University, Australia*Corresponding email: hsanara@rua.edu.kh

Abstract
Siem Reap holds the status of being the central area of the National Development Pole. This region
is renowned for its remarkable collection of ancient temples, most notably the internationallyrecognized Angkor Wat, a UNESCO world heritage site. It stands as a destination of great cultural,
historical, and natural significance, attracting a substantial influx of both domestic and international
tourists. Urban Green Development is considered the key success for attracting tourists tohistorical regions but when urban expansion occurred Urban Green did not expand together. Thus,
this study seeks to contribute to sustainable urban and community development by addressing
crucial aspects related to establishing and upholding green spaces within the city. The study has
three primary objectives: to explore the feasibility of introducing more public and green spaces inSiem Reap Town, to identify challenges hindering the creation of green spaces in specificcommunities within the town, and to comprehend public perceptions and common attitudes toward
the creation and preservation of green spaces. Addressing the stated objectives, this study
anticipates that its outcomes will effectively align with the designated research goals and inquiries.
The projected findings or research hypotheses are as follows: Holistic comprehension among the
public in creating and conducting studies on urban development through observations and related
regulations. The study used both in-depth interviews and semi-structured questions to gather
information. Descriptive statistics is adopted and both qualitative and quantitative information were
integrated to conclude. Defining the recurring issues affecting the development of urban areas
based on a select number of communes within Siem Reap and specifying the underlying land
constraints are crucial in the formulation of urban development plans. Understanding the ability tocreate public infrastructure or additional facilities within Siem Reap city through each commune
located in localities and urban outskirts.
Keywords: urban green, green infrastructure, public space, local people, Siem Reap, Cambodia

105

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

ESD-15-04

Effectiveness of Hygiene Educational Training for Pre-school Students in Phnom
Penh, Cambodia
Sophorlkun YIMa, Salyta CHAMRUENa, Phanna LYc, Rathna HORc, Sunduk CHOa, and Eunjin
KANGb*
Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of South
Korea.
b
Duksung Global Education ODA Development Cooperation Center, Duksung Women’s University,
Seoul, Republic of South Korea.
cDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agro-industry, Royal University of Agriculture,
Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
*Corresponding email: silverrat71@hanmail.net
aAbstract
Most germs that cause serious infections in humans are transmitted by people’s actions. The actof washing hands with soap, one among the best defenses against COVID-19, has long been known
to be crucial in preventing many diseases. In this research, a survey of awareness was conducted
aimed to understand the current situation of preschool student awareness regarding hygiene.
Additionally, hygiene educational training is also provided to the kids to help them improve on their
daily hygiene practices including hand wash and teeth cleaning. The research was conducted from
November 2022 until March 2023. Per an awareness survey from 180 preschool students whojoined the training, the result showed that the daily practice of hand wash and teeth cleaning of thestudent changed into a better way after the training. This showed a fruitful result that theeffectiveness of the training can help the students improve on their daily hygiene practices.
Keywords: hygiene, hand wash, teeth cleaning, survey of awareness, preschool student

106Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

ESD-15-07

Organic Farmers Adopt Bio-Circular-Green Economy (BCG) in Agriculture for Food
Safety and Environmental Sustainability
Jiraphon CHOEICHITa*, Waraphon WONGSIRIWANa, andChuleemas Boonthai IWAIb*
Office of Agriculture research and Development Region3, 180 Moo 27 Mueang district, Khon
Kaen, 40000, Thailand. Email:b
Khon Kaen University, Division of Land Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon
Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
*Corresponding Email: chuleemas1@gmail.com; Jiraphonchoei@gmail.com
aAbstract
Thai Agricultural Standard (TAS) applies to be used as a reference for agricultural commodity andfood producers to advantages of food safety improvement, trade benefits and consumer’s healthprotection. Thai agricultural standard (TAS) in the upper northeast region of Thailand. In 2023, it
was found that there were 196 farms in an area of 173.89 and 142.28 hectare in organic andintegrated agricultural farming systems, respectively. There were fruit 18.73-hectare, vegetable6.09-hectare, mushroom 0.27-hectare and herb 0.64-hectare. It is considered to be a small amountcompared to agricultural areas in the upper northeast. The main problems were 1) unable to findorganic agriculture inputs and 2) planting area was located in the contaminated environment.
The objective of this study was 1) to reduce external production factors from outside the farmwith agricultural waste management methods adopt bio circular and green (BCG) economic. 2) tostudy the opportunity for the transfer of organic agriculture knowledge. This study employed both
qualitative and quantitative methods consisting of farmers interviewing, small group discussion andfield observation. The data were collected from 10 organic farmers.
The results showed that farmers were able to reduce the cost of external production factor
from aspects: 1) self-collection and exchanging seeds and planting materials within and between
communities and improving soil agricultural waste management (vegetable waste, rice straw waste,
and wood waste) by incorporating rice straw, adding compost animal manure. Vegetable waste
management by vermicomposting as substances for use in soil fertilizing and conditioning. And
sawdust, bark and wood waste management by Bio char is using charcoal burning a smokelesskiln to prevent carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and used to improve soil quality andstore nutrients for vegetables. 2) It was also found that there were clear systems of technology
transfer. This resulted in a reduction of agricultural waste and zero waste. It also reduces the importof external production factors, reduces production costs, and maintains sufficient production
factors throughout the year. It improves the environmental ecological balance within the farm, as
well as increased sustainable agriculture.
Keywords: BCG model, agricultural waste, Thai Agricultural Standard, organic agriculture107

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

ESD-15-08

The Characteristics of Young Smart Farmer in Agricultural
Development of Northeast Thailand
Supaporn POUNGCHOMPUa*, Supawadee CHANTANOPa, and Keattichai MONTREEWONGaa

Department of Agricultural Economic, Khon Kaen University, Thailand*Corresponding email: psuppap@kku.ac.th

Abstract
Thailand's agricultural sector plays a very important role in the country's economic development.
But agricultural workers are tending to enter an aging society that reflects less sustainable
development in the agricultural sector. As a result, the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives
has established a policy to promote and develop new generations of farmers to become Young
Smart farmers. Young smart farmers mostly inherit their agricultural production from their parents
in large farming areas. Many young smart farmers in the Thailand 4.0 era have graduated at a highlevel either Master's or Ph.D. and come from many professions such as engineers, architects, civil
servants, and factory owners, etc.; leading that the products are of high standard quality andgenerate income for farmers. Most farmers become young farmers directly through the
Department of Agricultural Extension. accounting for 60.83 percent, followed by district agriculture
and provincial agriculture under the Department of Agricultural Extension with 22.50 percent. The
main reason for joining the project is to access marketing channels from exchanging products
between networks of young farmers, accounting for 31.67 percent, followed by that some farmers
want to be leaders in agricultural development in the community. equal to 5.83 percent.
Keywords: young smart farmer, agricultural development, agricultural sector

108Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

ESD-15-09

Determinants of Reluctance: An In-depth Analysis of Factors Influencing Cold
Water Fish Farmers' Unwillingness to Adopt Agricultural Product Insurance inGuilan Province in Iran
Mohammadali GHAZIa, Mohammad S. ALLAHYARIa, Sinisa BERJANb*, and Tarek Ben HASSANca

Agricultural and Rural Development and Economy Research Center, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Rasht, Iranb
Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinacProgram of Policy, Planning, and Development, Department of International Affairs, College ofArts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar*Corresponding email: sinisa.berjan@ues.rs.ba

Abstract
Agricultural product insurance is designed to mitigate crop production risks by providing
compensation to farmers and operators in the agricultural sector in the event of crop failure or risk.
The reliance on continuous production heightens their susceptibility to risks, resulting influctuations in production and income. Given that product insurance is an effective risk
management tool, this study explores the factors influencing the reluctance of cold-water fish
farmers in Guilan province to engage with the services offered by the Agricultural Insurance Fund.
The research employed a researcher-developed questionnaire to examine individual anddemographic characteristics, as well as factors contributing to the non-acceptance of insurance.
To ascertain the questionnaire's validity and reliability, experts were consulted, and its reliability
was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.962. Descriptive statistical methods were utilized toanalyze primary data obtained from 120 cold water fish breeders in Guilan province, comprising
the available sample. Among the participants, 64.8% expressed unwillingness to use productinsurance in the following year. The results highlighted that the primary factor influencing thisreluctance was the uncertainty regarding the payment of compensation. Additionally, lack ofawareness about the possibility of splitting the insurance premium, the extended time interval fromdamage occurrence to compensation payment, and stringent rules governing compensation
disbursement further contributed to the apprehension among cold water fish breeders. The
exploratory factor analysis distilled the factors influencing insurance acceptance into five key
factors, collectively explaining 66.46% of the variance in the unwillingness to utilize the services
provided by the Agricultural Products Insurance Fund.
Keywords: insurance of agricultural products, cold water fish breeders, acceptance109

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-03

Dispersion Approach to Make Matrix of Nanocellulose-Reinforced Polylactic Acid
Biocomposites for Food Packaging Materials
Yut SOVANNDYa*, Dyna THENGa, Chim CHAYb, Mouylin CHEMc, CHHENGVEN CHHOEMa, andMarc DELGADO-AGUILARd
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh 12401,
Cambodiab
Department of Agro-Industry-MAFF, Phnom Penh 12401, CambodiacFaculty of Agro-Industry, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh 12401, Cambodia
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Faculty, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh 12401,
Cambodiad
University of Girona Department of Chemical and Agricultural Engineering and Agricultural
Technologies Chemical Engineer*Corresponding Email: sovanndyyut19@mail.com
aAbstract
The use of nanocellulose, both in the form of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystals(CNC), as reinforcement of polylactic acid (PLA) has been an interesting topic during the last
decade. However, the inclusion of CNF is still a challenge, particularly for the presence of water,
the lack of appropriate dispersion methodologies and the low affinity between cellulose and PLA.
The study aimed to assess how nanocellulose-based bio composites behave at their end of life andto determine the feasibility of incorporating high dosages of CNF into a thermoplastic starch matrix(TPS). Materials used in this study included commercial bleached eucalyptus pulp (BEP),
mechanical CNF, enzymatical CNF, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG), Mater-Bi (PTB), and polylactic
acid (PLA). 15 treatments were designed with CNF addition (2% - 10%) and blended matrix of PEG
and PTB (2% - 6%) on the PLA. The end-life nanofiber aimed to check the characteristics of fiberusing high-pressure homogenizer (GEA Niro Soavi, Italy) at 900 bars in 3 cycles. The results showthat the consistency of CNF mechanical was 0.725 % and CNF enzymatic was 0.875 %. The yieldof mechanical and enzymatic CNF was 52.51 % and 58.7 %, respectively. The transmittancepercentage of CNF mechanical and CNF enzymatical were 19.9%, 16.4%, respectively, at 600 nm
wavelength. The Carboxyl content (-COOH) received the same value (42 µeq g/g). The masterbatch
dispersed with CNF enzymatic at 2% obtained the highest tensile strength at 44 MPa, followed by
CNFenzymatic 4%, CNF mechanic 2%, and 4%. In terms of melt flow, the enzymatical CNF
masterbatches (2% - 10%) were 38 g/10 mins – 8 g/10 mins, respectively, while the CNF mechanic
and blended masterbatches ranged from 30 to 60 g/10 mins. Therefore, the mechanical propertiesof film made from masterbatch dispersed with 2% CNF enzyme provided a good result.
Keywords: nanocellulose fibers, composites, biodegradable, film, polylactic acid110

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-09

Development Directions and Challenges of Climate Change Measures in Paddy
Agriculture in South-Eastern Asia
Hiromichi KITADAa, Taro IZUMIb, Sarvesh MASKEYc, and Hiromu OKAZAWAc*
Japan International Cooperation Agency, Japan
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Japanc
Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan*Corresponding email: h1okazaw@nodai.ac.jpabAbstract
The world's population is growing rapidly. Ensuring global food security is becoming increasingly
urgent. Especially in Southeast Asia, where paddy farming is the main source of water consumption,
it is essential to improve agricultural productivity to meet food demand, but climate change poses
several challenges to water use in rice production. Adapting to changes caused by climate change
while maintaining food security is difficult, and inter-state conflicts, together with energy and value
chain issues, complicate food issues. There are synergies and trade-offs between agriculture andclimate change: with the world population expected to exceed 9 billion by 2050, rice consumption
is expected to increase significantly. Paddy farming is essential to meet demand in Southeast Asian
countries where rice is the staple food, but its expansion can cause environmental problems due
to methane emissions from paddy fields and the large amounts of water required for cultivation,
additionally, it can exacerbate water scarcity in some regions due to competition for water withother sectors. This study focuses on synergies and trade-offs related to improving paddy farmingin Southeast Asia. Improving rice production requires adaptation to climate change (drought andflooding), availability of water resources, fertilizer management, and smarter labor, and synergies
among these items can increase productivity. On the other hand, these items also involve
numerous trade-offs, such as increased greenhouse gas emissions (N , CH ) and labor. Therefore,
we reviewed the literature on the relationship between these synergies and trade-offs to examine
how sustainable rice production should be. The results indicate that considering the effects ofnatural disasters that may occur in various regions of Southeast Asia, such as droughts and floods,
in conventional water use is necessary to maintain a favorable balance between synergies andtrade-offs in promoting appropriate water use in paddy fields in the future.
2

Keywords: synergies, trade-offs, climate change, water management

111

4

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-11

Changes of Local Government Expectations for Local Vitalization Cooperators inJapan
Tomoyuki OHASHIa, Yoshiki KUWABARAa*, and Masahide HAYASHIa
Yamagata University, Japan*Corresponding email: kuwayoshi@tds1.tr.yamagata-u.ac.jpaAbstract
This study aims to elucidate the expectations of local governments for Local Vitalization
Cooperators (LVC), a rural regeneration supporters project in Japan. LVC was established by the
Ministry of Public Management in FY 2009 and required to prevent mismatches in expectations
between local governments and the cooperators during the recruitment phase. The researchmethodology involved collecting 5443 pieces of recruitment information, which 1086 local
governments recruited from FY 2009 to 2024, from a portal site where LVC's recruitment
information is posted. Subsequently, we categorized the activities described in the recruitment
information, created an activity database, and analyzed the annual changes in activities. Additionally,
we used a cluster analysis to classify activity combinations and analyzed their annual changes. The
key findings are as follows: combinations were classified into 7 clusters. Cluster 1 expected a broad
range of activities related to rural communities, while Clusters 2-7 predominantly expected public
relations, migration support, agriculture, urban-rural interchanges, tourist facilities management,
and others. Cluster 1 exhibited a decreasing trend, with its percentage dropping from 40% in 2009
to 16% in FY 2024. Conversely, Clusters 2 and 7 showed an increasing trend, reaching the highest
percentages at 41% in FY 2024, despite being 20% and 0% in FY 2009, respectively. The decreasein local governments associated with Cluster 1 is attributed to the identified ambiguity in their
expectations regarding a broad range of activities related to the rural community. In such local
governments, a trial period is suggested to effectively align the community and cooperators. To
enhance expectation clarity, an upswing was observed in local governments specifying narrowactivities. In these local governments, it is crucial to avoid recruiting applicants lacking suitableskills for the expectations, even when the number of applicants is limited.
Keywords: local vitalization cooperators, mismatch, recruitment information, activities,
cluster analysis

112

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-12

Implications of the Transition from Subsistence to Cash Crops on the Livelihoodof Soliga Tribe in India
Iman Raj CHONGTHAMa*, Sneha SHAHIb, Madegowda CHIKKANANJEGOUDAb, Obaiah
BORAIAHb, and Shrinivas M BADIGERb
Department of Biosystems and Technology
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
P.O Box 190, 234 22 Lomma, Swedenb
Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment
P.O Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur, Bangalore – 560064, India*Corresponding email: raj.chongtham@slu.seaAbstract
Efforts are necessary for the protection and conservation of nature in many parts of the world.
However, in most protected and reserved forest areas, local people have been living for centuries
and they depend their livelihood on the surrounding environment for various services such as food,income, shelter and continuation of culture and traditions. Introducing new regulations in the
pursuit of conservation goals often has implications on locals’ way of living. The present study
attempts to acquire knowledge about the challenges and opportunities for sustaining livelihood
among farmers of Soliga tribe in Biligiri Ranganatha Swamy Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve in South
India. The workshop attended by five researchers and 25 heterogeneous farmers consisting ofboth male, female, young and old age participants discussed in a participatory approach about: a)management of current agricultural and livelihood practices; b) key drivers for changes in land-use,and c) possible needs and actions required to promote sustainable livelihood. Findings revealed
that the shift from traditional farming based on growing a variety of subsistence crops to the current
practice focused strongly on growing few cash crops such as coffee (Coffea arabica), pepper (Pipernigrum) and floriculture had reduced households’ food availability and increased dependence offood from outside, but with higher family cash income. Alongside farming, non-timber forest
products, e.g. honey, berries, nuts, firewood etc. contributed greatly to household income andneeds, and access to them were crucial. Low coffee yield due to disease and low soil fertility,changing rainfall patterns, limited agricultural land area, and wildlife crop damage were importantbio-physical challenges affecting agricultural productivity. There is a need for continued researchand support to enhance farmer’s knowledge and skills for sustainable farming techniques such as
mulching, composting, intercropping, integrated pest management and effective control of Lantana
spp for achieving sustainable and resilient farming systems.
Keywords: cash crop, conservation, anture reserve, livelihood, resilient, wildlife conflict

113

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-14

Determinants Influencing Technology Adoption among Vegetable Producers in
Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia
Hong CHHUNa, Buntong BORARINb*, Serey MARDYa, Sao VIBOLc, Chan BUNYETHa, Tum
SARAVUTHa, and Chun NIMULa
Svay Rieng University, Cambodia
Royal University of Agriculture, CambodiacRoyal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia*Corresponding email: bborarin@rua.edu.khab

Abstract
Efforts by extension workers to facilitate technology adoption among farmers are crucial. Document
analysis reveals that vegetable producers adjust their production techniques based on theavailability of technologies, influenced by two key determinants: External Force Factors (EFF) andPerceptual Force Factors (PFF) towards these technologies. Ten parameters were identified within
EFF and eleven within PFF. This study aims to assess the impact of these factors on technology
adoption levels among 302 vegetable growers who are members of agricultural cooperatives in
Svay Rieng Province. Utilizing Linear Multiple Regression Modeling, this research identifies four
significant EFF factors—water shortage, resource scarcity, market competition, and excessive
water—and three key PFF factors—demonstration outcomes, anxiety, and perceived image. Theseseven factors collectively contribute to the predictive model with an R-value of 0.612, explaining
36% of the variance in adoption levels. The findings suggest that successful technology adoption
is influenced by both external challenges faced by farmers and their positive perceptions towards
these technologies. Effective extension strategies should be tailored to contextual realities and aim
to present technologies in a compelling and favorable light.
Keywords: agricultural extension, farmer technology adoption, rural development

114

Book of Abstracts – The 15th International Conference on Environmental and Rural Development, March 2024

RD-15-25

Evaluate the Local Livelihood of Upland Farmers in Northwestern Cambodia
Through the Livelihood Asset Approach
Dyna CHINabd, Hitoshi SHINJOd, Soksan SENGa, Sophak POKa, Lyhour HINc,
Nuch SEKa, and Sanara HORa*aFaculty of Land Management and Land Administration, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom
Penh, CambodiabGraduate School, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, CambodiacFaculty of Agricultural Engineering, Royal University of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, CambodiadLaboratory of Soil Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;*Corresponding author email: hsanara@rua.edu.kh

Abstract
Battambang province, the second-largest agricultural province with a population of approximately
1 million people, has become a hub for high agricultural productivity. The landscape, enriched withmountainous and floodplain environments, has witnessed a shift from subsistence agriculture tocommercial farming. This transformation has made agriculture a cornerstone of the provincial
economy. After the civil war, livelihood improvement has gained interest from various scholars.
Many say that their livelihood depends on agriculture greatly and commercial agriculture plays themost significant for livelihood improvement. The previous finding describes livelihood trajectories
related to livelihood evaluation which led to a series of questions that remain not addressed. The
study seeks to improve an understanding of local livelihood among the different groups, shedding
light on the dynamics of rural livelihoods in the region through evaluating local livelihoods by way
of comparing livelihood capital across three groups of villagers (Old settlers, New settlers, and New
generation of Old settlers and New settlers) in Dei Kraham (DK) and Ou Tuek Thla (OT) villages,
Kamrieng district, with 123 interviewees. The village formation of the selected village has different
characteristics, and the two villages were established after political integration. We adopted astructured questionnaire to gather in-situ information which is the study adopted measurement
and monitoring livelihood capitals: natural, human, physical, financial, and social using weighting
methods and non-parametric data analysis. SPSS was adopted for data mining and analysis.
Livelihood improvement of the local people realized on land resources while formal education ispaid less attention. Local people in DK village, the villagers acquired larger agricultural land (onaverage 5 ha/family) for commercial cropping compared to OT villagers. As a result, DK villagers
could earn better profit for improving their livelihood assets, but formal education pays lessattention to questing the future of their young generation.
Keywords: livelihood assets and measurement, commercial agriculture, livelihood improvement,
Battambang Province, Cambodia

115