RUSSIAI.

Natural hazards in Russia

1.1 Natural hazards likely to affect the country
Drought, earthquake, epidemic, extreme temperature, flood, insect
infestation, slides, wild fires, wind storms
1.2 Recent major disasters
year
2005
2005
2005
2005
2004
2004
2004
2004
2004
2003
2003

dis_subset
killed total_affected dam (US ‘000s)
―
Flood
3222―
Flood
03685
Flood
05000
21168
―
Avalanche
90―
Forest
91000
―
Storm
06000
Hurricane
6626000―
Earthquake
0138
Flood
18480050000―
Drought
01000000
Earthquake
31805
10600

Source: "EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database,www.em-dat.net - Université catholique de Louvain - Brussels Belgium"
II.

Disaster Management system

2.1 Administrative system

Conventional long form:
Conventional short form:
Government type:
Capital:Administrative Divisions:

Russian Federation
Russiafederation
Moscow

49 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast), 21 republics (respublik, singular respublika), 10 autonomous okrugs (avtonomnykh okrugov, singular avtonomnyy okrug), 6 krays (krayev, singular - kray), 2 federal cities(singular - gorod), and 1 autonomous oblast (avtonomnaya oblast')
2.2. Legal system, legal framework
Several laws and policies were enacted by the Government of Russia toprotect its people during emergency situations. These include thefollowing (among others):
Sources: ADRC country report, WCDR country report

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Law of the Russian Federation On Safety (M arch 5, 1991)
Presidential Decree (PD) No. 794 ( December 30, 1992)“Single State System of Preventing and Eliminating Emergency
Situations”.
Federal Law (FL) No. 68-ФЗ on “Protecting the Population andTerritories from Emergency Situations” (December 21, 1994)
FL No. 3-ФЗ on “Emergency-Rescue Services and Status ofRescue Personnel” No. 151-ФЗ, and On Radiation Safety of thePopulation (January 9, 1996)
FL No. 126-ФЗ on Communications (July 7, 2003) provided theprioritized use of communication networks
in emergency
situations
PDs No. 261 (April 18, 1992) and No. 1113 ( November 5, 1995),
provided for a single state system of preventing and eliminating
emergency situations (RSES)PD No. 991 on Improving the Single State System for Prevention
and Elimination of Emergency Situations (August 28, 2003),
entrusted the Ministry of Emergencies functions of organizing andsupervising search and rescue activities in inland waters, andsupervising the anchorage and use of small-size vessels and bases(structures).
Order of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia No. 200 (April 21,2003) provided for the basic roles and functions of the Ministry ofEmergencies
Federation Subjects” No. 95-ФЗ (July 4, 2003) and On General
Principles of Organizing Local Self-Management No. 131-ФЗ
(October 6, 2003) resolved problems on comprehensive target
planning of measures aimed at preventing emergency situations(ES, raising the stability of enterprises, and in ensuring thepreparedness of management bodies
Code of Administrative Law Infringements of the RussianFederation (December 30, 2001) provided sanctions for noncompliance to the requirements of the norms and rules on
preventing and eliminating emergency situations

2.3 Structure of disaster management
The national structure for coordinating and executing disaster risk
reduction is the single state system of preventing and eliminating
emergency situations (RSES), which was established in 1992. It
integrates management bodies, forces, federal bodies, local
administrations and organizations to protect population and territories
from emergency situations.
RSES also develops legal economic standards to realize target andscientific-engineering programs and ensure readiness of the forces andmeans to train the population.
Main activities of the RSES include the following:

Sources: ADRC country report, WCDR country reportprevention of accidents, and adverse impacts of natural disasters;
reduce losses and damage from emergency situations;eliminate emergency situations;emergency-rescue operations;
reduce disaster risks; andsupport relief and rehabilitation activities

The RSES consists of territorial and functional subsystems. It has fivelevels namely federal, regional, territorial, local and one object level.
Each RSES level has managerial bodies, permanent working bodies ofcontrol, forces and means; reserves of financial and material-andequipment resources; systems of communication, notification,
information supply, special educational establishments.
Government of Russia
Financial and material
resources

Ministry ofEmergencies
Bodies ofexecutive
power of RF
subjects CES

Federal bodies ofexecutive power CES

Forces ofME ofRussia
Ministries, committees,
directorates chief
administrations of CDES

Forces andmeans

Financialandmaterialresources
Directorates, departments Bodies of local Directorates, departmentsof CDES
administration of CDES
Forces andFinancialmeansandmaterialresources
Forces and Financial
Management
Departments, sectors ofmeans
andofeconomic CDES
material
objects CES
resources
Forces and Financialmeansandmaterialresources
Government Commission for prevention and elimination of Emergency
Situations and Ensuring Fire Safety was also established. The

Sources: ADRC country report, WCDR country reportCommission is composed of the heads of ministries and departments/deputy heads and objects, forces and means of prevention andelimination of emergency situations.
2.4 Priority on disaster risk management
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••••
•
•
III.

Risks assessments on various types of natural threats
Early warning and forecasting
Monitoring and evaluation of natural hazards and its impacts
Hazard mapping
Diagnosing seismic soundness of buildings and other Infrastructure
Enhance public education and awareness on existing threats, andprevention/mitigation measures
Conduct of capability building activities at all levels including drills
Research and development
Investing on disaster reduction measures
Disaster management plan

As specified by laws mentioned above, planning of actions for emergency
situations is carried out at all levels of the RSES system as follows: Federal plan of actions, regional plans of actions (cooperation), plans of actions of federal executive bodies (functional subsystems),
 plans of actions of executive bodies of subjects of Russian Federation(territorial subsystems), as well as plans of actions of local selfmanagement
 authorities and plans of actions of organizations (objects).
Special plans are also mandated such as: Plans of prevention and liquidation of spillage of oil and petroleumproducts;
 Operational plans of fighting forest fires, which is approved annuallyby state authority bodies of subjects of the Russian Federation;
 Plans of protecting personnel and population in case of emergency at
a nuclear stations (nuclear power station, thermal nuclear powerstation); Plans of actions on the prevention of disasters arising from storage,transportation and liquidation of chemical weapons and eliminating
their aftereffects.
 Plans of primary life-support and survival of the victims of disasters
and calamities;
Basic components of the plans mentioned are as follows:
Section 1: Total estimation of probable situation with appearance ofemergency situations
Section 2:
Basic measures on prevention of emergency situations

Sources: ADRC country report, WCDR country reportSection 3:

Provision of readiness for liquidation of probable emergency
situations
Section 4:
Actions in case of threat and appearance of federaltransborder emergency situations
Section 5:
Provision of readiness of management system in crisis
situations
Within the framework of the Federal Target-Oriented Program“Reduction of Risks and Alleviation of the Impacts of Natural andAnthropogenic Emergency Situations in the Russian Federation Till2005” the budget material and financial reserves were createdamounting to approximately 7.816 billion of rubles.
IV.

Budget size on national level

Financing of program measures is carried out through the federal budget,budgets of the subjects of the RF and local budgets. For emergency
situations the following resources are created and used: emergency fund of the governmenton theprevention andelimination emergency situations and consequences of naturaldisasters;
 reserves of inventories (part of the State material reserve) forensuring urgent work and addressing the adverse impacts ofdisasters;
 reserves of material resources of the federal bodies of executive power;
 stocks of financial and material resources of the subjects of theRussian Federation, bodies of local administrations and organizations.
Procedures on the generation, use and recovery of stocks of financial andmaterial resources are determined by the legislation of the RussianFederation and regulatory legal acts of local administration bodies.
The volume of stocks for eliminating emergency situations, and thecontrol of their formation, storage, use and recovery are determined by
the body creating these stocks.
The state function of preventing and eliminating emergency situations isfinanced in 2003 at the rate of 21 million rubles including thedistribution by subsections “Prevention and elimination of consequencesof emergency situations” – 11 billion rubles, “Civil Defense” – 67 million
rubles, “State Fire-Fighting service” – 10 billion rubles.
V.

Progress and situations of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)

VI.

Projects on disaster reduction headed by your MinistryVII. ADRC Counterpart
Director of the Department for International Cooperation, EMERCOM ofRussia
109012 Moscow, Teatralny proezd, 3Sources: ADRC country report, WCDR country report