参考資料
１．各国災害事例資料、各国基礎情報（１）各国災害事例資料
１）2010 年ハイチ地震災害
Item

Sub-item
Date and Timeof Occurrence
Magnitude(source)

Information
4H53:10 PM, 12 January 2010.

USGS

M 7.0

USGS

Leogane: 18.443oN, 72.571oW
Epicenter
Depth :
Data on Hazard

About 25 kilometers from southwest of P-A-P.
From 10 to 13 kilometers

Intensity ofShaking“ This earthquake produced violent shaking that can cause damage
even to well-built buildings anywhere in the world”

Ground Motion

A sliding movement of East-West has been observed, however local
movements of subduction and a vertical movement about sixty
centimeters have been recorded. It was a surface fault movement
inducing landslides and soil liquefaction.
Strong shake continued for 35 to 36 seconds.

Tsunami(maximumheight)

A tsunami about 3 meters has been observed on the south part of P.A.P

Major Affected
Area

Three departments: West, Southeast, and Nippes were seriouslyaffected. Particularly the metropolitan P-au-P area
Was suffered enormous damage. 80% of the town Leogane where theepicenter is located was destroyed.
Dead: 230000

Human Damage

Damage ofBuildings

Data onDamages

DataSource

Injured: 100000
Homeless: 600000
Majority of the death is due to collapsed houses.
Complete destruction : 105000
Damaged: 208000.

Infrastructure/Lifeline Damage

Road:- The Jacmel road was cut by landslides and damaged by soilliquefaction. Several streets through P-au-P were in the same
situation.
The biggest commercial port was damaged.
All the Ministries and Public Administration have been
destroyed.
Electricity:
The electric distribution lines completely destroyed
within the Capital.
Telephone:
Only one of the four telephone companies worked after theearthquake.

Main Damage
Cause

Extreme vulnerability of constructions:Anchorage 90 degrees
20 centimeters and more between the stirrups
Poor connection between the structural elements
Lack of ductility of the walls
Poor quality of concreteHigh occupation density.
High instable soil.

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USGS
USGS
PDNA
USGS
MCEER

Item

Sub-item

Information

Characteristicsof Damages(Physical/SocialAspects)

The earthquake destroyed completely and damaged a large number ofbuildings: schools, medical centers, all the government offices,residences.
Almost all the old buildings with walls stone masonry around P-au-P
were destroyed or severely damaged due to lack of ductility.
Majority of the damages is due to the ground motion.

Direct Economic
Loss

Total:

8 billion($US)

Infrastructure, including housing:Social:Production sectors:
Education/culture:
Health:Environment:
Water/Sanitation:
Food safety/nutrition:

57.2%
19.4%
17%
6.1%
6%
6.4%
3%
4.2%

Lessons
LearnedNational government, local authorities should take their
responsibilities. Every house must be built under a seismic code
regulation.

Rescueactivities

The first responders were local people, especially the marginalized, theunemployed usually lurking around public buildings. These unarmed
saved what they could during the night. They removed several
authorities under debris.
But, the next day almost the whole world was at our bedside.
In an indescribable mess, Dominicans, Americans, Canadians, French,Jamaicans, Cubans….came to our rescue.
MTPTC began working to clear the most important streets to promote
the rescue movement, evacuate the dead and remove people underdebris.

Medical services

The Ministry of Public Health and the private health sector haveresponded quickly, saving what they could before we can get foreign
aid. However, this national response has been very limited since thestaff and the government facilities were seriously affected.
So, 75% of Health services are delivered by the foreign staff.
Medical attention was given everywhere, under tents and in somestreet corners. Many injured were transported to a US medical ship.
The coordination between different staffs was very complicated. Thus
it was very difficult to follow the Ministry of Public Health norms andguidelines.

Evacuation
shelter

The issue of shelters looked like the more difficult. The earthquake
made about six hundred thousands homeless increasing the number
existed before. At the very beginning, almost everybody around theaffected areas lived in open air. It was quite impossible to find enoughplastics belts or tents to the relocated people. Therefore, some people
built their shelters, using debris as wood, metal sheets and anythingthat they found. And two years later some people is still living inshelters made by them.

Emergency
Response

Food:Food, water andother relief
goods supply

The issue of food was also very critical. After the earthquake, almost
everyone was anxious for food. In first time humanitarian agencies
tried to distribute food by helicopter. This experience was bad. Thenthey gave some cooking kit. And finally the food was distributed by themilitary.
Water:
Fortunately the infrastructure and staff of the national body in chargeof water (DINEPA) were not affected. Therefore, they took action
quickly asking to the private sector to join them in the distribution ofwater.

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DataSource

PDNAItem

Sub-item

Information

Information andcommunication(Information tothe disastervictims)

The Ministry of Communication has used the private medias to informthe public about the government decisions in response to the damages
left by the earthquake. The government held regularly some press
conferences. So, the population could know the organization of thehumanitarian assistance and arrangements to support them at thecritical period.
The issue of Communication, was very complicated for the first days:
The main streets through the Capital have been cut withabandoned cars, debris of destroyed buildings and rubble
from landslides.
Only one of the four telephone companies was available.
The international medias contributions were very significant: theystimulated immediate action by the international community to theHaitian people.

DataSource

Support from
PrivateCompanies
Support fromabroadLessons
LearnedInfrastructure/Lifeline

Road and Streets:
The road conducing to Jacmel was opened four days later andcompletely restored three months later.
The day after the earthquake, the main streets through P-a-P
were partially cleaned to promote the rescue service.
Telephone:Electricity :-Other services

RecoveryTemporaryHouse

MENFP started with the scholar activities three month later.

MTPTC
Has dredged rivers and drainage canals to cope the cyclonicseason.
One week later, MTPTC began a vast campaign
Of assessment.
1862 builders worker are trained
202 young engineers are trained to work in the field of quality
control.
17862 small and non- severely damaged houses have been
repaired in the Leogane and P-a-P areas for the mostvulnerable victims.
- This issue of temporary house was very complicated. At the very
beginning, some people have obtained some plastics belts; others
received some tents or built their shelters with anything that they
could find.
- By the assessment, the government via MTPTC encouraged somepeople to return to the non-damaged houses two months later.

Shelter
Disaster Waste

Finance

The total amount of the disaster waste is estimated at 10,000,000m3.
-International Community-Private sector
NGOs
Ministries

Support from
PrivateCompanies
Support fromAbroad

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MTPTC

Item

Sub-item

Information

Lessons
LearnedFive priority principles:
Principles

Key issues

Organizations

Finance-Leadership and mutual accountability
Decentralization and equal growthCommitment to modernization
Haitian-ledIndependence for international aid.

-How to protect the people against natural disaster?

-How to improve the quality of life in Haiti?
What we want to become-Interim Commission for the Reconstruction of Haiti (ICRH).

-Development agency
Multi-Donor Trust Fund (HRF).

-International Community
Private sector
NGOs-Governance.

-Reducing vulnerability of
Economic growth
Infrastructure programs

Support from
PrivateCompanies
Support fromabroadReconstruction

Reconstruction
Schedule

Key Target,featured
strategies/approaches etc.

EconomicRecovery

the people and basic service

By this action plan, they aim to restart rapidly economic, governmental
and social activities, reduce the vulnerability of the country, and put
Haiti on the path of development by:
Including environmental aspects in all decisions and actions.
Integrating risk disaster management in all sectors and in allreconstruction activities.
Establishing an active employment policy: supporting
micro-enterprises, strengthening vocational training,
involving local firms and local labor and communities.
Undertaking the decentralization of the basic services.
Initiating a social safety net for the poorest.
-Recovery in domestic production
Cultural production
Economic and financial systems
Creation of jobs-

http://www.cirh.ht/files/pdf/cirh_plan
http://housingworgs.org/i/blog/Haiti_PDNA
http://www.refoundation.ht
http://www.haitireconstruction.org
http://www.usgs.gov/natural_hazards/

Other
Characteristics
Lessons
LearnedReferences

Reports

Data/photos

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DataSource