素子材料工学基礎第1講義

Fuctional carbon materials
Yoon, Seong-Ho
Institute for Materials and Engineering Chemistry,
Kyushu University
Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japanyoon@kyushu-u.ac.jp
1Application of carbon materials
Electric and Heat Conductions
 Conductor and Semi-conductor

Energy Storage Battery anode Super capacitor
 Gas storage

MechanicalReinforcement

Environmental Protection
 Activated surface

High Temperature
Materials

Outlookof Total
Production of Energy Sources
Forecast of World
Energy Demand

From World Energy Outlook 2013

Forecast of World Energy Compositions

From World Energy Outlook 2013

st Century
EnergyDemandandSupplyin21
先端炭素材開発のNeedsとSeeds•Marked Increase of Energy Demand in Asia and Africa
in 21st Century
 Population x Demand/Head Three to Four Times of Current Demands of FossilFuels ⇒ Increasing By-products of Fossil FuelsIssues◩ Supply◩ CO2 Emission Enhances Global Warming◩ Effective utilization of by-products of fossil fuels5

From fossil fuel to functional carbons

Raw materials and precursors for carbons

Raw materials
Coal tar
Polymer: Thermosetting and thermoplastic
Heavy oil and residues
BiomassPrecursor• Pitches: CF, ACF, MCMB, Ball type AC, Binder pitch, Additives• Polymer: AC, ACF, Glassy carbon, CF• Cokes: Electrode, Capacitor, Battery anode, AC, Additives• Char: AC, Additives, Reducer for Solar cellA Historical Development of Carbon

Carbon Industry – Chain Industry

Carbon Industry
Carbon industry is a growth industry.
• Energy-saving and environmental protecting aremost important in modern society.
• Functional carbons are key materials for the energysaving and environmental protecting technologies.
• The world markets for functional carbons are still
increasing with increasing of energy andenvironmental related industries.

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Steel-Making

11World-wide Record/Outlook for Crude Steel(Data :RITE, 2009)
Proprietary & Confidential

Aluminum Smelting Cell Configuration

Proprietary & Confidential

13World-wide Record/Outlook for AluminumWorld-wide Record/Outlook for Petroleum CokeWorld-wide Record/Outlook for Lithium-ion Battery

World-wide Record/Outlook for Photovoltaic

Proprietary & Confidential

19Synthetic graphites for semi-conductors

20World-wide Record/Outlook for Semi-Conductor

Activated Carbons
Activated carbon fiber

Activated carbon

Large surface area
Small surface area
（Large micropore volume） （Large macropore volume）
Adsorption-desorption
Mainly adsorption
MicroporeMacropore

World market trend of activated carbon

World market trend of carbon fiberCarbons until now
Precursors come from good raw materials such as coal tar and FCC-DO
No designed technology. Only experience is Know-how.

Developed countries who have long history of development only get chance toproduce the advanced carbons such as T-800 and premium class needle coke.
Carbons of general performances are only produced in under-developedcountries
Pitch and coke based carbon technology only get a markets for applications

During last decade, we recognized carbon materials are the best
key materials for energy-saving and environmental protections.
26Market forecast of nanocarbons
8325, 3%
15932, 6%

2010年計（27兆3296億円）
IT, Electronics
IT・エレクトロニクス
材料
Materials
計測･加工・シミュレーション
Processing, simulation
環境・エネルギー
Energy/ Environment
Aero spaces
航空・宇宙等

21311, 8%138649, 50%
89079, 33%

2005年計（2兆3561億円）

8325, 3%
15932, 6%21311, 8%2287, 10%
1131, 5%9144, 38%

6282, 27%
4717, 20%2005
（2.4 Trillion ￥）IT・エレクトロニクス
材料計測･加工・シミュレーション
環境・エネルギー
航空・宇宙等89079,33%

138649, 50%

2010（27.3 Trillion ￥）Source : Mitsubishi Cooperation, 2001, 8

２０１３28

Nano-carbons• Fullerenes, carbon nano-cages, carbon onions, …
• Carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanowires• Graphene oxides, graphenes
Nano-carbons have been intensively studied during last 30 years.

Industry for large consumption was failed to achieve.
Successful in the science level but failed to attain to engineering one
No target specifications

Nano-carbons made us recognize that carbons are key materials forenergy-savings and environmental protections.
Nano-carbon science informed to us many specific properties ofcarbon materials and possible routes for design.
Is it possible to design the carbon materials using conventional raw
materials or precursors? What we have to do for it?
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