"Visualization" of decarbonization patent technologies toward the carbon neutrality
by 2050
The movement toward carbon neutrality is accelerating around the world. As of September 1, 2021, 123 countries andregions have committed to virtually zero emissions of carbon dioxide or greenhouse gases by 2050 ※１. China, the world's
largest emitter thereof, has also announced that it will achieve virtually zero emissions of greenhouse gases by 2060 ※２.
Japan has also set a new greenhouse gas reduction target for FY2030, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 46%
from FY2013 ※３.
The challenge is not a cost to economic growth, but a growth opportunity for a transformation of industrial structure,economic and social reform, and investment. The world has entered a new game-changing era.
It is a great opportunity for many Japanese companies skilled at energy-saving technology to improve their presence inthe world. In order for Japanese companies to take advantage of this opportunity, it is essential to understand patent
information closely related to innovation.
The Japio AI Research Center has successfully established an AI model to estimate patent applications related todecarbonization technologies from patent specifications. This document explains the method of the visualization.

※１ Council for National and Local Decarbonization (1st), Document2, Attachment2 https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/datsutanso/dai1/siryou23.pdf※２ Expert Panel on Climate Change (1st), Document4-3 https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/kikouhendoutaisaku/dai1/siryou4-3.pdf※３ Green Growth Strategy through Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050 (June 18, 2021)
https://www.meti.go.jp/press/2021/06/20210618005/20210618005-3.pdf

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■ Method for establishing an AI model
The visualization is conducted using an AI method called BERT, which was released by Google. While BERT is an AI trained
to read ordinary text like Wikipedia or novels, it was specially trained to read patent documents at Japio AI ResearchCenter.
Furthermore, classifiers corresponding to the Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC)*4 main group*6 of "Y02" and"Y04"*5 were added to the BERT after training. Then, by reading patent documents related to each CPC, we haveestablished an AI model that can estimate a patent application related to decarbonization technologies.
High-quality training data were created by manually checking and selecting the appropriate patent documents that belong
to various technologies related to decarbonization, from documents with Y02 or Y04 .
Finally we compiled each estimated patent document into three fields of “Energy-related industries,““Transportation/manufacturing-related industries," and “Household/office work-related industries.“ These fields aredescribed as the important fields where growth is expected in the "Green Growth Strategy through Achieving Carbon
Neutrality in 2050"*3 (June 18, 2021) released by the Cabinet Secretariat.

※４※５※６Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC)：It is an extension of the International Patent Classification (IPC) and jointly managed
by the EPO and the US Patent and Trademark Office. It is divided into nine sections, A-H and Y, and has about 250,000 subdivisions.
Definition of Y02：TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
Definition of Y04：INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
The CPC is hierarchically organized into sections (e.g. Y), classes (e.g. Y02), subclasses (e.g. Y02B), and main groups (e.g. Y02B10),
with the main group representing up to six digits of the eight-digit classification information.

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■ Results
As a result of AI estimation, the estimated CPC and estimated value are calculated. Estimates take from 0 to 1, and thecloser the value is to 1, the more accurate the estimate becomes. As shown in Table 1, we succeeded in estimating themain groups equivalent to the CPC(Y02, Y04) assigned in the patent publications.
Table 1： Estimation results (EP publications with CPC were used as an example.)

Description in the publication (Excerpt)

Estimated CPC＊1(Y02, Y04 only)

Industrial field

This application relates to the field of power
technologies……. The photovoltaic system includes anadapter circuit, a first photovoltaic string,……. The first
photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string are
configured to provide electric energy for the controller…….

Y02E10 (correct＊2)

Energy-related industries

This application provide a load threshold determining
method and apparatus. The method includes:……..; obtaining
an evaluation value corresponding to each preselected load
threshold in a first periodicity, where each evaluation value
is used to evaluate key performance indicator KPI
information and energy saving information of the cell;…….

Y02D30 (correct)

Transportation/manufact
uring-related industries

Rechargeable, Energy-Saving and Multifunctional LED Lamp.
The lamps currently available in the market are always
embarrassed by the single-purpose use, low degree ofportability…… consists of the lamp holder, retractable linkrod, housing, shade, LED bead, fixer, PCB and lithium battery.
……. The application locations of the product include stores,hotels, showrooms, emporiums, offices, warehouses, publicplaces and residential houses.

Y02B20 (correct)

Household/office workrelated industries＊1：CPC with an estimated value greater than 0.50
＊2：”correct” means that the estimated CPC is the same as the CPC in EP publications3

■ “Green Enablers” Company rankings (1)The Japio AI Research Center publishes various rankings on our website: three industries of “Energy-related industries,"“Transportation/manufacturing-related industries," and “Household/office work-related industries," and "total" thereof,
as a ranking of companies that have patent applications related to decarbonization technologies.
The table below shows a portion of the total ranking based on the applications filed with the Japan Patent Office. This isa ranking of companies which have decarbonization-related patent applications filed with the JPO from 2010 to 2019,with annual transition for the top 10 applicants.

Table 2: an example of “Green Enablers” company ranking

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■ “Green Enablers” Company rankings (2)For more detailed data, we have also published a company ranking in 2019. The table below is an
example of the company ranking. The estimated CPC and values were calculated for each patentpublication filed in 2019, and the scores (total estimated value in each patent publication) weretabulated by industry and applicant.
For the rankings, see URLs below (in Japanese): JPO Patent Applications
https://transtool.japio.or.jp/work/data/ranking_top20_jp.html
 PCT Patent Applications
https://transtool.japio.or.jp/work/data/ranking_top20_wo.html
Table 3: An example of “Green Enablers” company ranking

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■ “Green Enablers” Company rankings (3)We also provide "Green Enablers" rankings by "Japio-Decarbonization Patent Index", an index thatcan evaluate "Green Enablers", independent of the number of patent applications. (in Japanese)
For the rankings, see URLs below (in Japanese):https://transtool.japio.or.jp/work/data/carbon_index_ranking.pdf
Table 4: An example of “Green Enablers” company ranking

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