CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY SYMPOSIUM“Impacts of Coal power in Vietnam and Japan’s involvement”
Japan, 20 May 2016
Presented by: Nguy Thi Khanh
Green Innovation and Development Centre (GreenID)

Contents• Status of Power Development in Vietnam• Power Development Plan VII Revised (PDP VII Revised)• JBIC-funded coal power projects in Vietnam• Messages

Contents• Status of Power Development in Vietnam• Power Development Plan VII Revised (PDP VII Revised)• Japan-funded coal power projects in Vietnam• Messages

Status of Power Developmentin Vietnam
Installed capacity by power sources in 2005 and 2015Source: Nguyen Anh Tuan (2016) Presentation on PDP VII Revised, Hanoi.

Contents• Status of Power Development in Vietnam• Power Development Plan VII Revised (PDP VIIRevised)• Japan-funded coal power projects in Vietnam• Messages

PDP VII Revised• Key information about PDP VII Revised- Vietnam’s latest power plan, approved on 18thMarch, 2016 under Decision No. 428/QĐ-TTg

PDP VII Revised• Key information

Power Demand Forecast 2016-2030

Source: Nguyen Anh Tuan (2016) Presentation on PDP VII Revised, Hanoi.
7

PDP VII Revised• Key information
Installed capacity by fuelSmallhydropower+Renewableenergy, 9.9%

Nuclearpower, 0.0%

Import, 2.4%

2020
Hydropower& pumpedstoragehydropower
30.1%

Projected power production by fuelSmallhydropower +Renewableenergy, 6.5%

Nuclearpower, 0.0%

Import, 2.4%

Oil + Gas
power,
16.6%

Oil + Gas
power, 14.9%
Coal power,
49.3%

Coal power,
42.7%

Source: PDP VII Revised

Hydropower& pumpedstoragehydropower,
25.2%

PDP VII Revised• Key information
Installed capacity by fuelSmallhydropower+Renewableenergy,21.0%

Oil + gas
power,
14.7%

Nuclearpower, 3.6%

Import,1.2%

2030
Hydropower& pumpedstoragehydropower
16.9%

Projected power production by fuelSmallhydropower+Renewableenergy,10.7%

Nuclearpower, 5.7%

Import, 1.2%

Oil + gas
power, 16.8%
Coal power,
42.7%

Source: PDP VII Revised

Coal power,
53.3%

Hydropower& pumpedstoragehydropower,
12.4%

PDP VII Revised• Key information
Coal power development in Vietnam
Total
Number of
Share of
Share inCoalenergycoal-fired
total
total
Domestic Imported
Yearpower
generatedpower
installedenergycoalcoalcapacityfrom coalplants
capacityproduction
power
Tons (inTons (inMW%TWh%million)
million)2015
191315733.4
56.400
34.3
33.3
0
2020
312578742.7
130.93249.3
39.02124.4952025
474515247.3
220.165
55.0
38.90556.2572030
525525242.7
304.47853.3
44.43385.243
Increase Increase
Increase
Increase 4 times
3 times
4 times
5 times
Source: Nguyen Anh Tuan (2016) Presentation on PDP VII Revised, Hanoi.

PDP VII Revised• GreenID’s evaluations
About coal power:-Coal is still expected to account for over 50% of totalgenerated power-Volume of imported coal in 2030: over 85 million tons
-Concern and opposition from public and international
community-Largest source of greenhouse gas emission-Concern about air and water pollution affecting humanhealth-Price is low because external costs have not been taken
into accountPDP VII Revised• GreenID’s evaluations
About RE:
-Share of RE increased but insignificantly (5.2% in 2005 to
9.9% in 2020 and 21% in 2030).
-Solar and wind power still only make up a modest share-Current renewable energy development in the world: Renewable energy investment is two times higher
than investment into fossil fuels in 2015 (UNEPreport) Technology is advancing
 Price of technology reduces -> able to compete withfossil fuel energy

Comments on PDP VII Revised
Energy Efficiency:- Lack elaboration on this in PDP VII Revised
Power demand forecast:- was reduced 18% in PDP VII Revised. In fact, according
to GreenID’s research, the reduction power demand canreach to 33.8%
 In January 2011, Prime Minister’s statement on coal

power: “review development plans of all new coalplants and halt any new coal power development”

Contents• Status of Power Development in Vietnam• Power Development Plan VII Revised (PDP VII Revised)• JBIC funded coal power projects in Vietnam• Messages

Japan Funding for Coal
GreenID’s report in 2015 “Environmental and social impacts of coal
fired power plants in vietnam: Hai Phong coal-fired power plant casestudy” and fieldtrip in March, 2016

JBIC Funding for Coal
- The Japan Bank for International Cooperation(JBIC): totally funded by the Japanese government- The largest single provider of funding to new coalfired power stations in developing countries.

JBIC Funding for CoalJBIC Funding for Coal in Vietnam
JBIC – funded coal-fired power plants in Vietnam:• Hai Phong I (2 x 300 MW) & Hai Phong II (2 x 300MW)• Vung Ang I (2 x 600 MW)• Thai Binh II (2 x 600 MW)• Vinh Tan IV (2 x 600 MW)• Duyen Hai III extension (1 x 600 MW)

Impacts of Coal power
Case study: Hai Phong coal-fired power plants
Project information:- 1,200 MW(4x300MW)- Tam Hung commune,Thuy Nguyen district,
Hai Phong province- Operated in 2011 (HaiPhong I), 2013 (HaiPhong II)Tam Hung
Kindergarten

Impacts of Coal power
Case study: Hai Phong coal-fired power plants
TimeEventsJuly 2010

A gas explosion occurs in Hai Phong 1,
leading to 2 deaths and 2 injuries

August 2010 A chemical explosion occurs in Hai Phong 1,
leading to 2 deaths and 5 injuries
July 2013

2 women died of burns when cleaning thefunnel of the boiler in Unit 2

Impacts of Coal power
Case study: Hai Phong coal-fired power plants• Local people’s access to information:- Limited community’s participation in decision making- Not informed about potential negative impacts“This is a top-down project with little participation of
local people and authority in decision making” – opinionof local authority from provincial to commune level.
• Impacts:- Environmental impacts- Social impacts

Impacts of Coal power
Case study: Hai Phong coal-fired power plants
 Environmental impacts: air and water pollution
 Air pollution:-

Dust and smoke, unpleasant smell, suffocation, limited
visibility-Source of pollutants: Stack (emit black smoke at night,
ESP is turned off when running boiler), conveyor, coal ash

dumpImpacts of Coal power
Air pollution“We haven’t seen any benefitsof the project. What we only
saw is harms” – A villager inTam Hung commune.

Coal dust flies into
Tam Hung kindergarten

Impacts of Coal power

Air pollution

Coal ash dump of the plant:
close to farms and living area

Impacts of Coal power
Air pollution“We don’t dare to drink rain water any longer”– Villagers in Tam Hung and Phuc Le commune

Rain water cometo household tank

Coal dust on roof top of local people“It’s too old-fashioned to develop coal power nowadays. It’s time for solar”– A villager in Phuc Le commune

Impacts of Coal power
Water pollution“In the past we use the water from the river for bathing,
but now we can only use it for irrigation” – Villagers inPhuc Le commune

Waste water discharged to coal ash dump
(60 ha) which is close to community’s river.
In 2014, wastewater from the ash pond
overflowed and penetrated into thecommunity’s riverCommunity’s riverImpacts of Coal power Social impacts: Impacts on health and livelihoods
 Health impacts:- Increase incidence of stroke, ischemic heart disease,chronic respiratory diseases, lung and throat cancer- In one alley of the commune close to the plant: 6people have died because of throat cancer. Most ofthem died at the age of 50 - 60.

Impacts of Coal power Impacts on livelihoods:- Crop productivity reduced due to coal dust covered
the plants- Fish and shrimp yields reduced due to cooling waterof the plant- People in resettlement area become unemployed.
- Compensation for resettlement was unfair: low priceof land, unfair way of categorizing land.
- People who want to work in the plants have to bribe agreat amount of money.

Contents• Status of Power Development in Vietnam• Power Development Plan VII Revised (PDP VII Revised)• Japan-funded coal power projects in Vietnam• Messages

Messages• Coal power plant financed by JBIC has negative
impacts on local people’s livelihoods,
environment and health.
• Financiers for coal development in Vietnam arealso involved in creating troubles and risk forour people and barriers for Paris agreement
implementation• Japan should immediately shift its financesupport for renewable and energy efficiency
solutions in Vietnam instead of coal

Thank you for your attention!
http://greenidvietnam.org.vn/
info@greenidvietnam.org.vn
face book/pages/greenid

Questions, comments?