Ḱ቟ቯ⁁ᘒ䊓䊥䉡䊛ේሶ䈱శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒䈱⎇ⓥ
㔚᳇ㅢାᄢቇ㒮㩷 㔚᳇ㅢାቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㩷 ㊂ሶ䊶‛⾰Ꮏቇኾ᡹㩷 ᷡ᳓๺ሶ⎇ⓥቶ੉ጊ㩷 ༜ผ1.⢛᥊⢛᥊䉴䊏䊮⑌೙䈮䉋䉍Ḱ቟ቯ䊓䊥䉡䊛ห჻䈱䊕䊆䊮䉫-8ᭂ㜞⌀ⓨ(10 Pa એ਄)䉕ᓧ䉎䈢䉄䈮䈲 䉺䊷䊗ⴣ⓭䉕ᛥ䈋䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎㪲㪈㪅㪌㪴䇮㪊㪅䊓䊥䉡䊛䈲Ꮧ䉧ಽሶ䊘䊮䊒䇮䉰䊑䊥䊜䊷䉲䊢䊮䊘䊮䊒 䇮䉟䉥䊮䊘䊮䉴ේሶ䈪䈅䉍⌀ⓨ䉼䊞䊮䊋䊷 ౝო䈮ઃ⌕䈞䈝䉝䊒䈭䈬䈏↪䈇䉌䉏䈩䈍䉍 䇮䈖䉏䉌䈱 䊘䊮䊒䈱ᦨ㜞䉡䊃䉧䉴 䈮䈭䉌䈭䈇 䇮䈫䈇䈉 ೑ὐ 䈏䈅䉎䈢䉄䈪䈅-10೔㆐⌀ⓨᐲ䈲䈍䉋䈠 10 Pa 䈪䈅䉎䈏䇮2000 ᐕ䈮䉎䇯㩷ቛ㑆ብ䊶ήṳ↰ᱜ㓶䈮䉋䈦䈩 㐿⊒䈘䉏䈢ᣂဳ䈱㩷 Ḱ቟ቯ⁁ᘒ䊓䊥䉡䊛ේሶ䉕஍ᭂ䈘䈞䈢႐ว䇮䈘䉟䉥䊮䊘䊮䊒 [1.1],[1.2]䈮䉋䉍೔㆐⌀ⓨᐲ 䈏ะ਄䈞䈩䈭䈇႐ว䈮ኻ䈚䈩ੑ૕ⴣ⓭₸䈲 6䌾7 ᩴਅ-11

䈚 10 Pa એ਄䈮ᒁ䈐਄䈕䉌䉏䈢䇯䈚䈎䈚ᭂ㜞⌀䈏䉎䈖䈫䈏ℂ⺰䊶ታ㛎䈫䉅䈮ႎ๔䈘䉏䈩䈍䉍䇮శ෺ⓨ䉕᷹ቯ䈜䉎⌀ⓨ⸘ 䈫䈚䈩 ↪䈇䉌䉏䈩䈇䉎 㔚㔌ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒ਛ䈮஍ᭂ䈘䈞䈢䊓䊥䉡䊛ේሶ䉕䊃䊤䉾⌀ⓨ⸘ 䈪䈲 䇮ᭂ㜞⌀ⓨ⁁ᘒ 䈪䈲 エ X ✢ലᨐ䊒䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍 䇮ੑ૕ⴣ⓭䉕ᛥ䈋䈩䊃䊤䉾䊒಴᧪[1.3]䈭䈬䈱ᓇ㗀䈪᷹ቯ㒢⇇䈲 10-11Pa ⒟ᐲ䈪䈅䉎䇯䉎䈢䉄ᣂ䈚䈇⌀ⓨᐲ᷹ቯᴺ䈏ᮨ⚝䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯㩷 ⃻࿷ᚒ 䇱䈲ᣢሽ䈱㔚㔌⌀ⓨ⸘ 䈱᷹ቯ㒢⇇ 䉕⿥䈋䉎⌀ⓨᐲ䈱᷹ቯᴺ䈫䈚䈩䇮䊧䊷䉱䊷಄ළ䈚䈢Ḱ቟ቯ⁁ᘒ䈱䊓䊥䉡䊛ේሶ䉕↪䈇䈩 10-10Pa એ਄䈱⌀ⓨᐲ 䉕ቯ㊂⊛ 䈮᷹ቯ䈜䉎ᣇᴺ䈮䈧䈇䈩 ⎇ⓥ䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯Ḱ቟ቯ⁁ᘒ䈱䊓䊥䉡䊛ේሶ䉕䉷䊷䊙䊮ห⺞ᴺ 䈮䉋䉍ᷫㅦ䈚䇮⏛᳇శቇ 䊃䊤䉾䊒 (MOT)䈮䊃䊤䉾䊒 䈚䇮䈘䉌䈮 శ෺ᭂሶ 䊃䊤䉾䊒 (ODT)ਛ䈮ャㅍ䈜䉎䇯䈖䈱䊃䊤䉾䊒ේሶ䈫ᭂ㜞⌀ⓨᮏౝ䈱ᱷ⇐䉧䉴䈫䈱ⴣ⓭䈮䉋䉎䊃䊤䉾䊒 ේሶ䈱៊ᄬ₸䈎䉌

࿑ 1 㕖ᒢᕈᢔੂ䈱᷷ᐲ䈫⏛႐ଐሽᕈ䋨ℂ⺰䋩[3.1]⌀ⓨᐲ䉕⷗Ⓧ䉅䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䇯㩷㩷㪉㪅⋡⊛㪉㪅⋡⊛㩷⋡⊛㩷㩷 ᧄ⎇ⓥ䈲䇮10-11Pa એ਄䈱⌀ⓨᐲ䉕᷹ቯ䈜䉎᷹ቯሶ䈫䈭䉎Ḱ቟ቯ⁁ᘒ 䊓䊥䉡䊛 ේሶ䈱శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒䈮䈧䈇䈩䈱⎇ⓥ䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷 䉁䈢శ෺ᭂሶ 䊃䊤䉾䊒 䈮ේሶ䉕䊨䊷䊂䉞䊮䉫 䈜䉎䈢䉄䈮䈲ቯᏱ⊛䈮 MOT 䉕↢ᚑ䈜䉎ᔅⷐ䈏䈅

࿑ 2㩷 ஍ᭂ䈱᦭ή䈫ੑ૕ⴣ⓭䈱ഀว䉎䈢䉄䇮MOT 䈱ᕈ⾰(䊧䊷䉱䊷㔌⺞ଐሽᕈ 䇮஍

࿑ 1 䈎䉌䊃䊤䉾䊒ේሶ䈱᷷ᐲ 1mK એਅ䈪ᢙ 10Gశଐሽᕈ䇮MOT ਛ䈱ේሶ䈱᷷ᐲ)䈮䈧䈇䈩⎇ⓥ䈱 ⏛႐ 䉕䈎䈔䉎䈫ੑ૕ⴣ⓭₸䈲 10-14 䌾䈜䉎䇯

10-15cm3/s 䈫䈭䉎䈖䈫䈏ಽ䈎䉎䇯

3.䊓䊥䉡䊛
䊓䊥䉡䊛ේሶ䊓䊥䉡䊛ේሶ䈱ේሶ䈱ᕈ⾰㩷 23S1 㹤21S0 Ḱ૏䈱ㆫ⒖䈲⑌೙ㆫ⒖ 䈪䈅䉎䈏 䇮㩷 ታ㛎䈪䈲ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ䊓䊥䉡䊛ේሶ䉕 DC ᡼㔚䈮䉋

Dalgarno[3.4]䉇 Pachuki[3.5]䉌䈮䉋䉍 䊓䊥䉡䊛 䈱䉍Ḱ቟ቯ⁁ᘒ䈮ബ⿠䈘䈞䉎䇯Ḱ቟ቯ䊓䊥䉡䊛ේሶ

⑌೙ㆫ⒖䈱ㆫ⒖ᵄ㐳䈏ℂ⺰⊛䈮᳞䉄䉌䉏䈩䈍䉍䇮䉕↪䈇䉎ℂ↱䈲䇮㪈㪅Ḱ቟ቯḰ૏ 䈱ኼ๮䈏 㪏㪇㪇㪇

㱗=1.557㱘m 䈪䈅䉎䇯⑽䈫㐳䈇㪲㪈㪅㪋㪴䇮㪉㪅⏛႐ਛ 䈪஍ᭂ䈘䈞䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍㩷 䈚䈎䈚䇮3S1 㸢21S0 䈱ബ⿠⏕₸ 䈱ℂ⺰୯䈲 6.1㬍10-8s-1 [3.7] 䉇 1.5㬍10-7s-1 [3.8]䈫⼏⺰䈘䉏䈩䈍䉍䇮䈘䉌䈮 W.Vassen[3.9]䉌䈲䇮ታ㛎⊛䈮 2.0㬍dn(r)= −Rloss n(r)dt

10-4s-1 (⏛႐ਛ䈪஍ᭂ䈘䈞䈢႐ว䈲~10-6 䈱䉥䊷䉻䊷䈮䈭䉎䈫 ੍᷹䈚䈩䈇䉎 )䈫᳞䉄䈩䈇䉎 䇯䈖䈱䈢

(4.6)

䉄䇮Ḱ቟ቯḰ૏ 䈱ኼ๮䈫ห䈛䉥䊷䉻䊷䈎䈠䉏એਅ䈮䈭䉎䈢䉄 䇮䈖䈱Ḱ૏㑆 䈪䈱ㆫ⒖䈲ήⷞ䈪䈐䈖䈖䈪 n(r)䈲䊃䊤䉾䊒ේሶ䈱ኒᐲ䇮Rloss 䊃䊤䉾䊒䈱៊ᄬ₸䈪䈅䉍䇮

䉎䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯

Rloss = n v σ(4.7)

8kBTπm(4.8)

v =䈫⴫䈞䉎䇯n 䈲ᱷ⇐䉧䉴䈱ኒᐲ䇮<v>䈲ᱷ⇐䉧䉴䈱ᐔဋㅦᐲ䇮㱟䈲ᢔੂᢿ㕙Ⓧ䈪䈅䉎䇯࿑ 3㩷 䊓䊥䉡䊛ේሶ䈱䉣䊈䊦䉩䊷Ḱ૏㩷 ᱷ⇐䉧䉴䈱ኒᐲ n 䈲᳇૕䈱⁁ᘒᣇ⒟ᑼ䉕↪䈇䈩

4.䊃䊤䉾䊒䊃䊤䉾䊒ේሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒ේሶ䈱ේሶ䈱ᢔㅺ䊃䊤䉾䊒ේሶᢙ䈱ᷫዋ䈲એਅ䈱ᑼ䈪⴫䈘䉏䉎䇯

n=pN ART(4.9)

dN (t)= −αN(t) − β V n 2 (r,t)d 3 r − γ V n 3 (r,t)d 3 rdt䈫ᦠ䈔䉎䇯p 䈲⌀ⓨ䉼䊞䊮䊋䊷䈱⌀ⓨᐲ䇮R 䈲᳇

(4.1)

૕ቯᢙ䇮T 䈲⛘ኻ᷷ᐲ䇮NA 䈲䉝䊗䉧䊄䊨ᢙ䈪䈅䉎䇯
ᑼ(4.7)䇮(4.9)䈎䉌䇮

㱍䈲ᱷ⇐䉧䉴䈫䈱৻૕ⴣ⓭₸ 䇮㱎䊶㱏䈲䈠䉏䈡䉏䊃䊤䉾䊒 ේሶห჻ 䈱ੑ૕ⴣ⓭₸ 䇮ਃ૕ⴣ⓭₸Rloss =䈪䈅䉎䇯

pN AvσRT(4.10)

㩷 䊃䊤䉾䊒ේሶ䈱ኒᐲ䈏චಽ䈮ૐ䈇䈫䈐䇮䊃䊤䉾䊒ේሶห჻ 䈱ⴣ⓭䉋䉍䉅 ᱷ⇐䉧䉴䈫䈱ⴣ⓭䈜䉎ഀว䈱ᣇ䈏㜞䈒䈭䉎䇯䈫ᦠ䈐⋥䈞䉎䇯ᑼ(4.10)䉋䉍䊧䊷䊃䈲಄ළේሶ䈱ኒᐲ 䈮 ଐሽ 䈚䈭䈇䈖䈫䈏 ಽ 䈎䉎 䇯 ታ㛎⊛ 䈮 㱠㩷 ᱷ⇐䉧䉴䈫䈱ⴣ⓭䈱䈮䉋䉎䉟䉥䊮ൻ෻ᔕ䈲એਅ䈱䉋䈉䈮ᦠ䈔䉎

=1/Rloss 䉕᳞䉄䉎䈖䈫䈪 ⌀ⓨᐲ 䈮឵▚䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏಴᧪䉎䇯ᢔੂᢿ㕙Ⓧ 䈮䈧䈇䈩䈲䈖䉏䉁䈪䈮䈇䈒䈧䈎 ႎ๔䈘䉏䈩䈍䉍䇮䈠䈱৻ㇱ䉕᜼䈕䉎䇯

He *(2 3S1 ) + X →He(11 S0 ) + X+ + e−
HeX+ + e−(4.5)

X 䈲ᱷ⇐䉧䉴(ਥ䈮 H2O䇮H2䇮N2)䈪䈅䉎䇯䈠䉏䈡䉏䈱෻ᔕ䈮䉋䉍䉟䉥䊮䈏↢䈛䇮(4.5)䈱਄ᑼ䈱෻ᔕ䈪䈲 He*䈲ၮᐩ⁁ᘒ䈮✭๺䈚䇮ਅᑼ䈱෻ᔕ䈪䈲ಽሶ䉕᭴ᚑ䈜䉎䈢䉄䊃䊤䉾䊒䈎䉌ᄬ䉒䉏䉎䇯㩷 ᱷ⇐䉧䉴䈫䈱ⴣ⓭䈮䉋䉎 䊃䊤䉾䊒 䈱ᢔㅺ䈲એਅ䈱䉋䈉䈮⴫䈜䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䇯࿑ 4.He*䈫᳇૕ಽሶ(T=300K)䈱ోᢿ㕙Ⓧ[4.1]5.శ෺ᭂሶశ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒㩷 శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒(ODT)䈫䈲䇮䊧䊷䉱䊷శ(శ㔚႐)䈫䊧䊷䉱䊷శ䈮䉋䈦䈩⺃⿠䈘䉏䉎ේሶ䈱෺ᭂሶ䊝䊷䊜䊮䊃䈫䈱⋧੕૞↪䉕೑↪䈚䈢䊃䊤䉾䊒䈪䈅䉎䇯㩷 ੑḰ૏ේሶ♽䈮䈍䈇䈩䇮శ䈱㔌⺞䉕㱐=㱥-㱥0䈫⴫䈜䈫䈐䇮|㱐| <<㱥0 䉕ḩ䈢䈜䉋䈉䈭႐ว䇮శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒䊘䊁䊮䉲䊞䊦 Udip 䈫ᢔੂജ㰰scat 䈲䈠䉏䈡䉏ㄭૃ⊛䈮એਅ䈱᭽䈮䈭䉎䇯
࿑ 6㩷 MOT 䉼䊞䊮䊋䊷䉕ᮮ䈎䉌⷗䈢౮⌀U dip (r) = −3πc 2 Γ⋅ I (r)2ω 03 δ2

Γscat =(5.1)

0.076mm, f=200mm 䈱䊧䊮䉵䉕↪䈇䈩䊃䊤䉾䊒䉕

23πcΓ
⋅
I (r)
2 ω03 δ㩷 䊧䊷䉱䊷಴ജ P=30W䇮䊎䊷䊛䉴䊘䉾䊃⋥ᓘ 2r =૞ᚑ䈜䉎䈫䇮䊃䊤䉾䊒ਛᔃ䈪䈱䊘䊁䊮䉲䊞䊦䈱ᷓ䈘(5.2)

੹࿁䈱ታ㛎䈪䈲৻ᰴర ODT 䈮䊃䊤䉾䊒䈜䉎䈖䈲䈍䉋䈠 1.4mK䇮䊧䉟䊥䊷㐳䈲 ZR=2.9mm䇮ᢔੂജ㰰scat =3.4s-1 䈪䈅䉍䇮䊘䊁䊮䉲䊞䊦䈲ᑼ(5.1)䉋䉍
࿑ 6 䈱᭽䈮䈭䉎䇯䈫䉕⹜䉂䈢䇯䊧䊷䉱䊷䈲 KEOPSYS ⵾ 1.55㱘m↪䊐䉜䉟䊋䊷䊧䊷䉱 䊷䉕↪䈇䈢䇯䊐䉜䉟䊋䊷䊧䊷䉱䊷䈱䊎䊷䊛⋥ᓘ䈲 3.8mm 䈪䈅䈦䈢䈱䈪䇮2 ᨎ䈱䊧䊮䉵䉕↪䈇䈩 7.6mm 䈮ᐢ䈕䇮f=30cm 䈱䊧䊮䉵䈪㓸శሶ䈭䈏䉌 MOT 䉼䊞䊮䊋䊷䈱ᮮ䈮䈅䉎⓹䈎䉌౉䉏䈢䇯䈖䈱䊧䊷䉱䊷䈲 MOT 䉼䊞䊮䊋䊷ౝ䈮⸳⟎䈚䈢 1.55㱘m ↪㜞෻኿₸䊚䊤䊷䈮෻኿䈘䈞䈩ᄖ䈮಴䈚䇮䉴䊃䉾䊌䊷䈪ᱛ䉄䈩䈇䉎䇯(࿑ 5)࿑ 7㩷 㱗=1.55㱘m䇮P = 30W䇮r = 38㱘m 䈱 ODT 䊘䊁䊮䉲䊞䊦䈖䈱䈫䈐 䊃䊤䉾䊒 ๟ᵄᢙ 䈲േᓘᣇะ 㱥 r =2㱜䍃1.4
㬍104[Hz] વ៝ゲᣇะ 㱥 z =2㱜䍃140[Hz]䈪䈅
䉎䇯6.ታ㛎ታ㛎䈫ታ㛎䈫⚿ᨐታ㛎䈪䈲 MOT 䈻䈱䊨䊷䊂䉞䊮䉫䈱ᦨㆡൻ᧦ઙ䇮ቯᏱ⁁ᘒ䈱 MOT 䈱ᕈ⾰䉕䈠䉏䈡䉏⺞䈼䇮ODT 䈻䈱䊨䊷䊂䉞䊮䉫䉕⹜䉂䈢䇯MOT 䈻䈱䊨䊷
࿑ 5㩷 MOT 䉼䊞䊮䊋䊷䉕਄䈎䉌⷗䈢࿑䊂䉞䊮䉫䉕ᦨㆡൻ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈮䇮䊂䉞䊐䊧䉪䉺䊶MOT↪䊧䊷䉱䊷䈱㔌⺞䈮䉋䈦䈩 䉟䉥䊮䉦䉡䊮䊃 䈏䈬䈱᭽䈮ᄌൻ䈜䉎䈎䉕⺞䈼䈢䇯㩷 䉁䈝䊂䉞䊐䊧䉪䉺↪䊧䊷䉱䊷 䈱㔌⺞䇮DC ᡼㔚㔚ᵹ䉕ᄌ䈋䈩䊐䉜䊤䊂䊷䉦䉾䊒䈮೔㆐䈜䉎 He*䈱ᢙ䉕᷹ቯ䈚䈢䇯⚿ᨐ䉕࿑ 8 䈮⴫䈜䇯䈏ಽ䈎䉎䇯䈖䉏䉌䈱⚿ᨐ䈎䉌䇮䊂䉞䊐䊧䉪䉺䊧䊷䉱䊷䈱㔌⺞䈏-20MHz ೨ᓟ䇮MOT 䊧䊷䉱䊷䈱㔌⺞㪉㪇䈏-13MH䌺೨ᓟ䈱ᤨ䈮 MOT ౝ䈱ේሶᢙ䈏䊏䊷㪈㪍㪍䌭㪘㪏㫄㪘㪈㪇㫄㪘㪈㪉㫄㪘㪈㪋䌭㪘㪈㪍䌭㪘㪈㪏䌭㪘㪉㪇㫄㪘㪉㪉㫄㪘㪈㪉㪏㪋㪇㪄㪋㪇㪄㪊㪌㪄㪊㪇㪄㪉㪌㪄㪉㪇㪄㪈㪌㪄㪈㪇㪄㪌㪇㪛㪼㫋㫌㫅㫀㫅㪾䇭㪲㪤㪟㫑㪴࿑ 8㩷 DEF 䊧䊷䉱䊷䈱㔌⺞䈫䊐䉜䊤䊂䊷䉦䉾䊒ାภ䈱㑐ଥ㩷 䉫䊤䊐䈎䉌᡼㔚㔚ᵹ䉕਄䈕䉎䈾䈬 He*ේሶ䈱ᢙ䈏Ⴧ䈋䇮䈠䈱䊏䊷䉪䈲㔌⺞䈏ᄢ䈐䈒䈭䉎ᣇ䈮ᄌൻ䈜䉎䈱䈏ಽ䈎䉎䇯䈧䉁䉍䊂䉞䊐䊧䉪䉺 䉕ല₸䉋䈒௛
䈎䈞 He*ේሶ䉕Ⴧ䉇䈜䈮䈲䇮᡼㔚㔚ᵹ䉕Ⴧ䉇䈚㔌⺞䉕ᄢ䈐䈒ข䉏䈳⦟䈇䈫䈇䈉䈖䈫䈮䈭䉎 䇯䈚䈎䈚䇮᡼㔚㔚ᵹ 䉕਄䈕䉎䈫᡼㔚▤䈱ടᾲ䈮䉋䉍 ㅦᐲ䈱ㅦ䈇ේሶ䉅ᄙ䈒฽䉁䉏䉎䈢䉄 䇮಄ළ䈱ല₸䈏ਅ䈏䈦䈩䈚䉁䈉䈖䈫䈮䈭䉎䇯㩷 ᰴ䈮 MOT 䊧䊷䉱䊷䇮䊂䉞䊐䊧䉪䉺䊧䊷䉱䊷䈱㔌⺞䉕ᄌ䈋䈩䉟䉥䊮䉦䉡䊮䊃 䉕᷹ቯ䈚䈢䇯᡼㔚㔚ᵹ 12mA䇮⌀ⓨᐲ䈲䊂䉞䊐䊧䉪䉺䉼䊞䊮䊋䊷䈪 2.3
㬍10-6 Torr䇮MOT 䉼䊞䊮䊋䊷䈪 4.6㬍10-9 Torr䇮䊃䉪䈮䈭䈦䈩䈍䉍䇮ല₸䉋䈒 MOT 䈮䊨䊷䊄಴᧪䈩䈇䉎䈫䈇䈉䈖䈫䈏⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯ᰴ䈮 MOT ේሶ䈱ᢔㅺ䉕᷹ቯ䈚䈢䇯䊃䊤䉾䊒⏛႐䉕⛽ᜬ䈚䈢䉁䉁 DC ᡼㔚䈣䈔䊌䊦䉴⁁䈮ಾ䉍䇮
He*䈏䊨䊷䊂䉞䊮䉫 䈘䉏䈭䈇䉋䈉䈮䈚䈩 䊃䊤䉾䊒 ේሶ䈱ᢔㅺ䉕᷹ቯ䈚䈢䇯MOT 䈻䈱䊨䊷䊂䉞䊮䉫ᤨ㑆䈲 1.1s 䈪᡼㔚䉕ಾ䈦䈩䈇䉎ᤨ㑆䈲 0.9 ⑽䈪䈅䉍䇮䈖䉏䉕 1 䉰䉟䉪䊦䈫䈚䈩➅䉍㄰䈚᷹ቯ䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯⚿ᨐ䉕࿑ 10 䈮␜䈜䇯䊐䉞䉾䊁䉞䊮䉫 䈲ᑼ(4.1)䈪⴫䈘䉏䉎 䊃䊤䉾䊒 ේሶᢔㅺ䈱䊧䊷䊃ᣇ⒟ᑼ䉕↪䈇䈢䇯⿒䈱ታ✢䈲৻૕ⴣ⓭䊶ੑ૕ⴣ⓭ 䈱ਔᣇ䉕⠨ᘦ䈚䈩䊐䉞䉾䊁䉞䊮䉫䈚䈢ᦛ✢䇮✛䈱⎕✢䈲৻૕ⴣ⓭ 䈱䉂䉕⠨䈋䈩䊐䉞䉾䊁䉞䊮䉫 䈚䈢ᦛ✢䈪䈅䉎 䇯ੑ૕ⴣ⓭ 䈱㗄䉕⠨ᘦ䈚䈩䈇䈭䈇✛䈱⎕✢䈲 0ޯ44ms 䈪䈲᷹ቯὐ䈫৻⥌䈚䈭䈇䇯䈖䉏䈮䉋䉍ᢔㅺ䉕᷹ⷰ䈚䈢 MOT ౝㇱ䈪䊃䊤䉾䊒ේሶห჻䈱ੑ૕ⴣ⓭䈏⿠䈐䈩䈇䉎䈫䈇䈋䉎䇯䈖䈱䈫䈐ኼ๮䈲䈍䉋䈠 0.2s 䈪䈅䉍䇮ੑ૕ⴣ⓭䈱ଥᢙ䉕᳞䉄䉎䈫䇮㱎=8.9㬍10-8cm3/s 䈪䈅䈦䈢䇯䊤䉾䊒䉮䉟䊦㔚ᵹ 26A䇮MCPanode 䈮-1.85kV 䈱᧦ઙ䈪᷹ቯ䈚䈢䇯⚿ᨐ䉕࿑ 9 䈮␜䈜䇯(ታ✢䈲ᦨ䉅䉟䉥䊮䉦䉡䊮䊃䈏ᄙ䈎䈦䈢䊂䊷䉺)࿑ 10 㩷 䊃䊤䉾䊒ේሶ䈱ᢔㅺ

࿑ 9㩷 䉟䉥䊮䉦䉡䊮䊃䈫䊧䊷䉱䊷㔌⺞䈱㑐ଥ䋨᡼㔚㔚ᵹ:12mA䋩㩷 ࿑ 8.2 䈮䉋䉏䈳䇮᡼㔚㔚ᵹ䉕ᄢ䈐䈒䈚䈩㔌⺞䉕ᄢ䈐䈒䈫䉎䈫䇮䊃䊤䉾䊒㗔ၞ䈮೔㆐䈜䉎 He*ේሶ䈱ᢙ䈏Ⴧട䈜䉎䈫䈇䈉䈖䈫䈣䈦䈢䈏 䇮࿑ 9 䈮䉋䉏䈳䊂䉞䊐䊧䉪䉺䊧䊷䉱䊷䈱㔌⺞䈏-13.4MHz 䉋䉍ᄢ䈐䈒䈭䉎䈫䉟䉥䊮䉦䉡 䊮䊃䈱䊏䊷䉪䈏ᷫዋ䈚䈩䈇䉎䈱㩷 䈘䉌䈮 MOT 䈱᷷ᐲ᷹ቯ䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯MOT 䈎䉌⸃᡼䈘䉏䈢 䊃䊤䉾䊒 ේሶ䈲䊃䊤䉾䊒 㗔ၞ䈱ਅᣇ䈮䈅䉎઀ಾ䉍䉕ㅢㆊ䈚䇮⚂ 28cm ਅ䈮⸳⟎䈚䈢 MCP䈮ⴣ⓭䈜䉎䇯MCP 䈎䉌ᓧ䈢ାภ䉕㜞ㅦ䉝䊮䊒䈮౉䉏Ⴧ᏷䈚䊙䊦䉼䉼䊞䊮䊈䊦䉴䉬䊷䊤䊷 䈪 1500
࿁ട▚䈚䈢䇯

࿑ 12 ᡼㔚䊶MOT శ䈱䉂䉥䊐䈮䈚䈩శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒䉕䉥䊮䈮䈚䈢䈫䈐䈱䉟䉥䊮䉦䉡䊮䊃࿑ 11 㩷 He*MOT 䈱 TOF

㩷 TOF 䈱⚿ᨐ䈏࿑ 11 䈪䈅䉎䇯Maxwell-Boltzman䈱ㅦᐲಽᏓ䉕↪䈇䇮ᓧ䉌䉏䈢䉫䊤䊐䉕䊐䉞䉾䊁䉞䊮
䉫䈚䇮MOT 䈱᷷ᐲ䈲䈍䉋䈠 620㱘K 䈫ᓧ䉌䉏䈢䇯ታ✢䈲䊐䉞䉾䊁䉞䊮䉫 䈚䈢ᦛ✢䈪䈅䉍 䇮⎕✢䈲᷷ᐲ䈏 1mK 䈫઒ቯ䈚䈢䈫䈐䈱ᦛ✢䈪䈅䉎䇯䊐䉞䉾䊁䉞䊮䉫䈮䈲એਅ䈱ᑼ䉕↪䈇䈢䇯

1h−C2 ( gt− )2−C3t 22t(8.1)࿑ 13㩷 ᡼㔚䊶MOT శ䈱䉂䉥䊐䈮䈚䈩శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒䉕䉥䊐䈮䈚䈢䈫䈐䈱䉟䉥䊮䉦䉡䊮䊃䈖䉏䈲䇮MOT ේሶ䈱ㅦᐲಽᏓ䈲䊙䉪䉴䉡䉢䊦䊗7.⠨ኤ⠨ኤ㩷 ታ㛎⚿ᨐ䈎䉌એਅ䈱䈖䈫䈏⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯䊦䉿䊙䊮ಽᏓ䈪䈅䉎䈫઒ቯ䈚䇮䊃䊤䉾䊒䈎䉌 MCP㽲㩷 MOT 䊧䊷䉱䊷䈱㔌⺞䈏䈍䉋䈠-13MHz 䈪䊂

N(t) = C1e䉁䈪䈱〒㔌䉕 h 䈫䈜䉎䈫䉞䊐䊧䉪䉺䊧䊷䉱䊷 䈱㔌⺞䈏䈍䉋䈠-20MHz 䈱䈫䈐䈮 MOT 䈮䊨䊷䊂䉞䊮䉫䈘䉏䉎ේሶᢙ䈏ᄙ䈇䇯1h = v 0 t + gt 22㽳㩷 䊃䊤䉾䊒⏛႐䈮䉋䉎 He*䈱䊃䊤䉾䊒䈲↢䈛䈩䈇
(8.2)

䈭䈇䇯㽴㩷 ࿑䋱䋱䇮12 䈎䉌శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒䈱᦭ή䈮㑐䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䉕↪䈇䈩䈇䉎䇯䈢䈣䈚 v0 䈲䊃䊤䉾䊒䈎䉌⸃᡼䈘䉏䈢 ᤨ䈱ේሶ䈱ㅦᐲ䈪䈅䉎 䇯䉁䈢 C2 䈲
MCP 䈮ု⋥䈭ᣇะ䈱ㅦᐲᚑಽ䈱㗄䈪䈅䉍䇮C3 䈲
MCP 䈮᳓ᐔ䈭ᣇะ䈱ㅦᐲᚑಽ䉕⠨ᘦ䈚䈢㗄䈪䈅䉎䇯ᦨᓟ䈮శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒䉕䉥䊮/䉥䊐䈚䇮䊃䊤䉾䊒⏛႐䈲䉥䊮䈱䉁䉁䈪 MOT శ䊶᡼㔚䉕䉥䊐䈮䈚䈢䇯䉒䉌䈝 䉟䉥䊮䉦䉡䊮䊃 䈮ᱴ䈬ᄌൻ䈏䈭䈇䈖䈫䈎䉌శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒ౝ䈮 He*䈏䊨䊷䊂䉞䊮䉫䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈫䈲⠨䈋䈮䈒䈇䇯㽵㩷 MOT 䈱᷷ᐲ䈏䈍䉋䈠 620㱘K 䈫䈇䈉䈖䈫䈎䉌శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒䉕⃻࿷䈱 MOT 䈮㊀䈰䉎䈖䈫䈪䇮䊃䊤䉾䊒 䈮ේሶ䉕䊨䊷䊂䉞䊮䉫 䈪䈐䉎 น⢻ᕈ 䈏䈅䉎䇯㩷 ⃻⁁䈪శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒䈮䊃䊤䉾䊒䈪䈐䉎ේሶᢙ䉕⷗Ⓧ䉅䉎䇯శ෺ᭂሶ 䊃䊤䉾䊒 䉕↢ᚑ䈚䈢⍍㑆䈮
MOT 䉕ಾ䉍䇮శ෺ᭂሶ 䊃䊤䉾䊒 䈮䊃䊤䉾䊒 䈜䉎႐ว䈮䈧䈇䈩⠨䈋䉎䇯䈖䈱႐ว䇮䊃䊤䉾䊒䊘䊁䊮䉲䊞䊦એਅ䈱᷷ᐲ䈱ේሶ䈱䉂䈏䊃䊤䉾䊒䈘䉏䉎䈖䈫䈮䈭䉎䇯䈖䈱䈫䈐శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒䈮䊃䊤䉾䊒䈘䉏䉎ේሶ䈲ౖဳ⊛ 䈮䈲䊃䊤䉾䊒䊘䊁䊮䉲䊞䊦 䈱 10%⒟䈮䈍䈔䉎㤥૕ユ኿ᒝᐲ䊒䊤䊮䉪䈱ユ኿ᑼ䈮䉋䉍䇮ᐲ䈱᷷ᐲ 䈮䈭䉎 䇯੹ 䇮䊃䊤䉾䊒䊘䊁䊮䉲䊞䊦 䈲

300K 䈱㤥૕䈎䉌䈱᡼኿ᦨᄢᒝᐲᵄ㐳䈲 9.66㱘

1.4mK 䈪䈅䉎䈎䉌 䇮620㱘K 䈱ේሶ㓸࿅ 䈱䈉䈤m 䈪䈅䉍 䇮න૏ᤨ㑆ᒰ 䈢䉍න૏㕙 䈮᡼኿䈘䉏䉎

140㱘K એਅ䈱ේሶ䈏䊃䊤䉾䊒䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈫 ઒ቯ

1083nm 䈱㔚⏛ᵄ䈱⛘ኻ᡼኿ᒝᐲ䈲 4.68㬍10-7䈜䉎䈫 䇮䊙䉪䉴䉡䉢䊦䊗䊦䉿䊙䊮 ಽᏓ䈮䉋䉏䈳䈠

mW/cm2/s/sr 䈪䈅䉎 䈖䈫䈎䉌 䇮㤥૕ユ኿ 䈮䉋䉎 ᓇ䈱ᢙ䈲ో૕䈱⚂ 7%䈫䈭䉎(࿑ 13)䇯㗀䈲ή䈇䈫䉂䈭䈞䉎䇯੹ᓟ䈱੹ᓟ䈱⺖㗴㩷 ੹ᓟ䈲శ෺ᭂሶ 䊃䊤䉾䊒 䈱ታ⃻䈏⺖㗴䈫䈭䉎䇯㩷䊎䊷䊛䉡䉢䉴䊃䈏 MOT 䈮㊀䈭䈦䈩䈇䈭䈇䈢䉄శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒 䈻䊨䊷䊂䉞䊮䉫 䈘䉏䈩䈇䈭䈇 น⢻ᕈ䈏䈅䉎䇯䈖䉏䉕ᡷༀ䈜䉎䈢䉄䈮 એਅ䈱䈖䈫䈏⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯
1. ౒㡆శ(1083nm)䉕 MOT 䈮ᒰ䈩䉎䈫 MOT ේሶ࿑ 13 ᷷ᐲ 620㱘K 䈱䊙䉪䉴䉡䉢䊦䊗䊦䉿䊙䊮ಽᏓ䈏ᶖ䈋䉎੐䉕೑↪䈚䉝䊤䉟䊜䊮䊃 䉕ⴕ䈉䉋䈉䈮䈜
䉎䇯2䋮౒㡆శ䈫 IR 䉦䊜䊤䉕↪䈇䈩 MOT 䉕 2 䉦ᚲ䈎䉌䉁䈢శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒䈱૕Ⓧ䈲 MOT 䈱૕Ⓧ䈱૏⟎᳿ 䉄䈜䉎䈖䈫䈪 䉝䊤䉟䊜䊮䊃 䈱ౣ⃻ᕈ 䉕㜞䉄0.1%એਅ䈪䈅䉎䈫઒ቯ䈜䉎䈫䇮⃻࿷䈱 MOT ਛ䈱䉎↪䈮䈜䉎

4ේሶᢙ䈲䈍䉋䈠 10 ୘䈪䈅䉎䈱䈪䇮৻ᐲ䈱䉰䉟䉪䊦䈪䊃䊤䉾䊒䈪䈐䉎ේሶᢙ䈲 0.䋷୘⒟ᐲ䈫䈭䉎䇯䈖䉁䈢శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒䈮䊃䊤䉾䊒䈘䉏䉎ේሶᢙ䉕Ⴧ䉇䈜䈢䉄䈮એਅ䈱䈖䈫䈏⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯䈱ᢙ䈪䈲ട▚䈱࿁ᢙ䉕㊀䈰䈩䉅䊃䊤䉾䊒ේሶ䈫䈚䈩᷹ⷰ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈲 ࿎㔍 䈪䈅䉎䈢䉄 䇮ේሶᢙ 䈱Ⴧ

1. ᦛ₸䊂䉞䊐䊧䉪䉺䈱ዉ౉ട䈏ᔅⷐਇนᰳ䈪䈅䉎䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯

2䋮AOM 䉕↪䈇䈩ේሶ䈱᷷ᐲ䉕ᦝ䈮ਅ䈕䇮శ෺శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒ਛ䈱ේሶ䈲 1.55㱘m 䈱䊧䊷ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒䈪䊃䊤䉾䊒಴᧪䉎ේሶᢙ䉕Ⴧ䉇䈜䇯䉱䊷శ䈮䉋䉍෻〡䉕ฃ䈔ടᾲ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䈭䉎 䇯ේሶ䈱᷷ᐲ䈏䊃䊤䉾䊒䊘䊁䊮䉲䊞䊦 䉋䉍㜞䈒䈭䉎䈫శෳ⠨ᢥ₂෺ᭂሶ 䊃䊤䉾䊒 䈎䉌䈇䈭䈒䈭䈦䈩䈚䉁䈉 䇯䈖䈱ടᾲ[1.1] www.j-tokkyo.com/2001/H01J/JP2001-357814.shtml

䈮䉋䉎ኼ๮䉕᳞䉄䉎䇯

[1.2] ᭂ㜞⌀ⓨᛛⴚ䈱䊆䊠䊷䊃䊧䊮䊄㩷 He*ේሶ䈱ᵄ㐳 1.55㱘m 䈱䊧䊷䉱䊷䈱శሶ 1[1.3] ⌀ⓨᛛⴚ(‛ℂశቇታ㛎) ᧲੩ᄢቇ಴୘ᒰ䈢䉍䈱෻〡᷷ᐲ䈲 0.99㱘K 䈫䈭䉎䇯䈘䉌䈮ᑼ

[1.4] Phys. Rev. A 12, 2455–2463(1975)(5.2)䉋䉍䊘䊁䊮䉲䊞䊦䈱ᷓ䈘䈏 1.4mK 䈱䈫䈐శᢔ[1.5] Phys. Rev.Lett.77, 2921 (1996)ੂ㰰scat=3.4s-1 䈪䈅䉎䈖䈫䈎䉌శᢔੂ䈮䉋䉎ኼ๮䈲[3.1] Phys. Rev. A 53 No.3 1147 (1996)-10㱠scat=374 䈫䈭䉎䇯䈖䈱䉁䉁䈪䈲 10 Pa 䉁䈪᷹ቯ[3.2] Eur. Phys. J.D 14 15-21(2001)䈪䈐䈭䈇䇯䈖䉏䈲ᵄ㐳䈱㐳䈇䊧䊷䉱䊷䉕↪䈇䉎䈖

[3.3] Phys. Rev. A 73 031603(R) (2006)䈫䈪ᡷༀ䈪䈐䉎䇯CO2 䊧䊷䉱䊷䉕↪䈇䈢႐ว䈲䈖

[3.4] Australian Institute of Physics䈱ኼ๮䈲ᦝ䈮 2 ᩴ䈱䈳䈜䈖䈫䈏಴᧪䉎䇯䈚䈎䈚⃻

17th National Congress 2006 Brisbane, 3-8 December 2006-7⁁䈪䈲䊃䊤䉾䊒㗔ၞ䈱⌀ⓨᐲ䈲 10 Pa ⒟ᐲ䈪䈅䉍䇮

[3.5] Phys. D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters 21, 89 (1991)శᢔੂ 䈮䉋䉎 ኼ๮ 䈱೙㒢 䉋䉍䉅 ⌀ⓨᐲ 䈮䉋䉎 ኼ[3.6] Private Communication (2006)๮䈱೙㒢䈏㕖Ᏹ䈮ᄢ䈐䈇䈢䉄䇮ᒁ䈐⛯䈐 1.55㱘

[3.7] Journal of Quantum Electron Vol27 No.5 463m 䈪䈱శ෺ᭂሶ䊃䊤䉾䊒䈮㑐䈜䉎⺞ᩏ䉕ⴕ䈉䈖䈫

[3.8] Phys. Rev. A, 15 154. (1977)䈏䈪䈐䉎䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯[3.9] EuroPhys. Lett., 76(3), pp 409-415 (2006)㩷 䉁䈢㤥૕᡼኿䈱ᓇ㗀䈮䈧䈇䈩⠨䈋䉎䈫䇮᷷ᐲ T[4.1] Cold Collisions of Metastable Helium Atoms