fofjks mßÉfÊoh
m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

Ii;H fiùu

1'i;H fiùfï§ fkdjeo.;a m%Yak lSmhla we;' úYajh

ye§ we;s øjHh l=ula o@ úYajh iodld,sl o@ úYajh wiSñ;
o@ iSñ; o@ fï ukqIH ixy;sh iE§ we;af;a flfia o@ ñksia
iudch i|yd mrudo¾YS ixúOdk iajrEmh l=ula o@ hïñksfila by; m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re ,efnk ;=re nqoaO;ajh
i|yd lrk fiùu iy ms<sme§u l,a oukafka kï ud¾.h
fidhd .ekSug fmrd;=ju Tyq ñh hkq we;'úIlejQ yShla isref¾ wekqKq ñksfil=f.a kEhka yd
ñ;=rka tlaù ySh bj; oud ;=jd,h ikSm lsÍug Y,H
ffjoHjrfhl= le|jQjd hhs is;kak'túg ;=jd, ,;a ñksid fufia lshd Bg úreoaO jqfKd;al=ula isÿfõ o@ —fmdâvla bkak' Tn fuh bj;g we§ug fmr
th úoafoa ljq±hs ±k.kak ug wjYHhs' ta .Ekshla omsßñfhla o @ Tyq W;=ï l=,hl flfkla o@ .eñfhla o@ ta- 173 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

ÿkak idod ;snqfKa l=ulska o@ tal mqxÑ ÿkakla o@ ke;akï
f,dl= o@ th idod ;snqfKa ,Sfhka o@ WKngj,ska o@ ÿkafka,Kqj ;kd we;af;a mÜghlska o@ ke;akï ì,S ,Kqjlska o@ySh ;kd ;snqfka fõje,ska o ke;akï ng ,Sfhka o@ fudk
msydgq o oud ;snqfKa@ Tn ySh bj;g we§ug fmr ug fïjd±k.kakg wjYHhs'˜fï f;dr;=re ±k iaÓr lr .ekSug fmr ksielju úIYÍr moaO;sh mqrdu f.dia Tyq ñh hkq we;' m<uq ldhH_h úhhq;af;a ySh bj;afldg úI me;sÍ hEu je,elaùuhs'wdYdj keue;s .skak f,djg wk;=reodhlj mj;sk úg
f,dj iE§ we;s wdldrh jeo.;a jkafka ke;' ukqIH ixy;shiE§ we;af;a flfia o hkak fiùu t;rï jeo.;a fohla
fkdjkq we;'úYajhg iSudjla ;sfí o th iodld,sl o hk m%Yakh
W;am;a;sh uy¿ nj frda.S nj yd urKh keue;s .sks ksjd
.ekSug u.la mdod .kakd;=re l,a ±ñh yelalls' ÿ(Å; Ndjh
lK.dgqj fõokdj yd ika;dmh bÈßfha fïjd úi|d .ekSugu.la uq,skau is;sh hq;= w;r tu ud¾.h wkq.ukh lsÍug
lemúh hq;=hs'- 174 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

±k .ekSug jeo.;a foa l=ula o fkdjeo.;a foa l=ula ohkak;a nqÿrcqkaf.a O¾ufha wka;¾.; fõ' tkï ñksiqka
W.; hq;= fudkjd o bj; ±ñh hq;= fudkjd o nqoaO;ajh,eîu i|yd mqyqKq l< hq;= l=ula o hkak;a tys b.ekafjhs'

tuksid ñksiqka uq,skau jvd jeo.;a l=ula o hkakmeyeÈ,s fia ±lsh hq;=h' uq,ska úi|sh hq;af;a fudk .eg¿j o;ukag we;s n,j;au m%Yakh l=ula o hkak ±k.; hq;=hs' fï
ish,a, lrkakg kï Tjqka uq,skau ;u is; mqyqKq lsÍuwdrïN l< hq;=hs' tkï Tjqka uq,skau Ñ;a; md,khla we;slr .; hq;=hs'2'.il ueo iEfok wrgqj f.k taug ñksfil= le,hg.shd hehs is;kak' Tyq w;= yd fld< rdYshlau Tijdf.k
weú;a ;ud is;+ foa ,nd .;a;dhehs l,amkd lrhs kï
fld;rï wKqjk lula o@ wrgqj fjkqjg fmd;a; ,nd.ekSfuka Tyq ;Dma;su;a fjhs o@ tfy;a fndfyda ñksiqka
lrkafka thhs'

W;am;a;sh"

uy¿

úh"

f,vÿla

yd

urKh

fyda

wjdikdjka;lu lK.dgqj fõokdj yd ika;dmh ÿre l<yels u.la hul= fidhk úg Tyq ta uf.ys u| ÿrla hkúgb;d iq¿ ÈhqKqjla oel jyd wdvïnr fjhs' wyxldr fjhs'- 175 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

n,j;a fjhs' Tyq yßhg wrgqj fidhd f.dia w;= iy fld<
f.dvlska i;=gg m;ajQ ;eke;a;d jeksh';j;a flfkla u| W;aidyhlska ,;a ;u ÈhqKqj .eki;=gg m;aù" ukafoda;aidyS njg meñK WvÕ=Ndjhg yd
wyxldr lug m;afj;s' Tyq wrgqj fjkqjg w;= yd fld<
f.dvla /f.k hkafkl= jeksh'tfiau ;j;a wfhla ish is; tlÕjkq yd is;sú,s m%ikak
jkq ±l ukafoda;aidyS ù WvÕ= yd wyxldr fj;s' Tyqg ;udfijQ wrgqj fjkqjg fmd;= f.dvla ,eî we;';fjflla ;udg bfí jegfyk Yla;sfhka hq;a ;SlaIK{dkhla ,eî we;ehs ÿgq jydu wyxldr fjhs' Tyq wrgqj
fjkqjgfl|srdYshla,nd.;af;ls'

fï

yeu

ux

fidhkafklau ;ukaf.a iq¿ W;aidyhla ksid myiqfjka;Dma;su;a ù WvÕ= yd wyxldr njg m;aù W;aidyh o
wvqfldg w,i njg m;afj;s' fï ish,af,dau kej; ÿlgks;e;skau uqyqK md;s'nqoaO;ajh i|yd ienE u. fidhkakka .re iïudk fyda
f.!rjn,dfmdfrd;a;=fkdúh- 176 -

hq;=h'

tfukauu|m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

W;aidyhlska iudêfha iq¿ ÈhqKqjla ke;fyd;a {dkfha
tfia;a ke;fyd;a úmiaikdfõ ÈhqKqjla wruqKq fkdl<
hq;=h' ish,a,gu m<uqj urKh yd Ôú;h iys; fuf,dfjys
uQ,sl yd mru iajNdjh is;ays meyeÈ,sj ;nd.; hq;=h'3'f,dalhg Bgu wh;a jQ idrhla fkdue;sh' tys we;af;afya;+ka yd m%;Hhka rdYshlf.a tl;=jla mu‚' tajdfha Wm;
yqfolau fkd±kSu" jerÈ ±lSu" wdYdj yd oeä fm%auh úiska
fmd<Ujk ,o isf;ys l%shdldß;ajfhys /£ we;' uki jerÈixl,am we;s lrf.k we;s f,dalh ndysr fohla fkdfõ'thg lsisu idrhla ke;' th ukfiau l%shdldß;ajh úiska
u;=fldg olajk tysu uq<dj fmkakqï lsÍula mu‚' ;Kayd"oafõI" fuday" fya;=fldgf.k kef.k fõokd yd ye,yemamSï ksid o isf;ys wdYdj ksid o th we;sù we;'nqoaO;ajh m;kakka ish uf.ys ch lKqj lrd hdug kï fï
ukig úreoaOj igka l< hq;=hs'4'—wfyda udf.a is;" Ôú;fha fjkiajk iq¿ isÿùï u;

fufia wúfõlSj /£ isákafka wehs@ kqU ud fu;rï jHdl+,yd pxp, lrkafka wehs@ fï ;rï foaj,a /ialsÍug kqU ud
fmd<Ujkafka wehs@ kqU yßhg iSiEug fmr len,sj,g leã
hk kÕ=,la jdf.ah' Ôú;h yd urKh keue;s uqyqog jka
flfKysu leã ì|S hk iqlaldkula jdf.ah' fï Ôú;fhka- 177 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

hym;la Wodlr .kafka kï ;j;a W;am;a;Skaf.ka l=uk
m,la o@wfyda udf.a is;' kqU jfrl ud rfcl= f,i bm§ugfya;= ldrl úh' kej; pKavd,fhl= f,i Wmoaojd wdydr
i|yd isÕd lEug fhoùh' jfrl kqU ud ÈjH iïm;a w;r;
Wmojk w;r; kej; ud ksrfha .sks±,a w;r; fydjhs'

wfyda uf.a fudav is;' kqU fufia ud úúO ud¾.j, hjd
we;' uu kqUg lSlre yd yS,E f,i isáfhñ' kuq;a ±ka uunqÿoyu weiqfjñ' ug ;jÿrg;a lror fkdlrkak' ;j;afõokd ú|Sug fkdi,iajkak' tfy;a wms tl;=j ksy;udkSj
yd bjis,sj;aj nqoaO;ajh fidhuq'

wfyda udf.a is;! ish¨ foa widr yd wks;H nj Tn
bf.K .;af;a kï" fkdfhla foa .%yKh lr fkd.ekSug"
fkdfhla foag .scq fkdùug" ;Kaydjg" oafõIhg yd uq<djg
bv fkd§ug bf.K .;af;a kï túg wmg Ydka; núka .uk
hd yelsh' tl,ays" m%{dfõ l.m;ska wdYdfõ neïu lmdyer,dN fyda w,dN" fyd| fyda krl" iem fyda ÿla" kskaod fyda
m%Yxid hk fjkiajk wjia:dj,ska fkdle,ö wmg idufhka
Èú f.úh yelsh'- 178 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

wfyda uf.a wdorŒh is;' uq,skau wm isf;ys úYajdih
wjÈ lf<a Tnhs' nqoaO;ajh fiúh hq;= hhs wmg fhdackd lf<aTnhs' b;ska Tn fï ;rï blaukska kej; ;Kaydjg" fm%auhg"
iemhg yd m%ikak yeÕSïj,g hg jkafka wehs@

wfyda uf.a is;" ksYaÑ; wruqKla fkdue;sj Tn tyd
fuyd ÿjkafka wehs@ wms uq<dfõ wixjr uqyqo ;rKh lruq'
fï olajd uu Tng Wjukd úÈhg l%shd lf<ñ' kuq;a ±ka
b;ska Tn ug Wjukd úÈhg l%shd l< hq;=hs' wms tl;=jnqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾uh ms<smÈuq'wfyda uf.a wdorŒh is;" fï l÷" .x.d" uqyqÿ ish,a,fjkiajk iq¿h' fõokd f.k fok iq¿h' uq<dfjka hqla;
fuf,dfjys wm Ydka; njla fidhkafka flfia o@ wmsnqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾uh ms<smeo nqoaO;ajh keue;s wfkla
fjr< olajd ;rKh lruq'˜5'fï wdldrhg i;H f,iu nqoaO;ajhg u. fidhkafkda;u is;g wK fo;s' túg Yla;su;a wêIaGdkhlska hqla;jTjqyq l%shd lr;s' iuyreka fodia lSj;a we;uq;a wj{d l<;aTjqyq ndOd rys;j bÈßhg h;s' w;ska myr ,enqj;a" .,aj,ska.ikq ,enqj;a lvqj,ska lmkq ,enqj;am;afkdfj;a'- 179 -

Tjqyq fldamhg

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

i;=rka úiska ysi l|ska fjka fldg lmd y, úg jqj ois;g ndOdjla fkdúh hq;=hs' fõokd ,efnk foa ksid is;w÷reùug bv yßkafka kï Tjqka nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾uh
ms<smÈkafka ke;' ;ukag l=ula isÿfj;;a lreKdfjka yd
ffu;%sfhka úysfok is;=ú,s m;=rjñka iaÓrj fkdfi,aù
isàug wêIaGdk lr.; hq;=hs' fodia weiqK;a" wjdikdj <Õdjqj;a nqÿ oyñka msreK is; fkd ie,S wp, j ;nd .ekSugwêIaGdk lr.; hq;=hs'nqoaO;ajh ,nd.ekSu Wfoid fkdl< yelsfoa lsÍug;a"fkdbjish yelsfoa bjiSug;a W;aidy l< hq;=hs' Tyqg Èhyels foa wka;su olajd Èh hq;=hs' nqoaO;ajh ,eîu i|yd ÈklgTyqf.a wdydrh iy,a wegh olajd wvq l< hq;=hhs Tyqg
lSfjd;a Tyq tmuKlau wdydrhg .kafkah' nqoaO;ajhg we;su. we;af;a .sksf.dvla ueÈka kï Tyq ta ueÈka hd hq;=h'tfy;a lsisfjl= fïjd ieÕjqKq woyilska fkdl< hq;=h'
fuh l< hq;af;a th ksjerÈ foa ksidh' {dkjka; foa ksidh'
ujl ish l=vd orejdg ish frda.S orejdg ;udf.a iqL úyrKh
fyda Yla;sh fkd;ld ohdfjka i,lkakdla fuka th l<hq;=h'- 180 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

6'tla ld,hl ;udf.a rgjeishkag wdorh l< kqj‚ka

iy lreKdfjka Tjqka md,kh l< tla;rd rfcla isáfhah'fï ksid Tyqf.a foaYh iuDoaêu;a Ndjhg yd iduldó njg
m;aúh' Tyq ieuúgu jeä {dkhla yd nqoaO;ajh me;=fõh'
;ud

jákd

O¾uhkag

fhduq

lemùu

{dkh

lrjk

whg

;E.s

mjd

msßkeuqfõh'Tyqf.ayd

wjidkfha§

foúhkaf.a

wjOdkhg ,laúh' tfy;a foújre Tyq mÍlaId lrkag bgd.;ay' foúfhla rl=il= f,i fjia j,df.k rcqf.a ud,s.fhaf.aÜgqj <Õ fmkS isg ;ud Y=oaO jQ O¾uhla rcqg ,nd§ug
we;s ksid Tyq rcq bÈßhg /f.k hk f,i lSh' fï wdrxÑh
wid i;=gq jQ rc;=ud wdpdrYS,Sj Tyq ms<sf.k Wmfoia me;Sh'
rl=id Nhdkl fjila f.k Tyq leu;s wdydrhla ,efnk;=re b.ekaúh fkdyels nj lSh' fkdfhl=;a wdydr ÿka kuq;arl=id ;Èkau lshd isáfha Tyqg WKqiqï ñkSuia yd f,a wjYH
njhs' Tgqkak ysñ l=urd yd foaúh ish YÍr ÿkak;a rl=idg
wjYH jQfha rcqf.au YÍrhhs'

rcq fï i|yd ish leue;a; m%ldY l<;a ;u YÍrhfokag m%:ufhka O¾uh weish hq;= nj mejiSh'- 181 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

tl,ays foúhd fuu kqjKe;s O¾uh m%ldY lf<ah' —ÿlWmÈkafka ;Kaydfjks' Nh we;s jkafka ;Kaydfjks' ;Kaydj
ke;s lr ±uqfjd;a ÿl ke;s fõ' Nh ke;s fõ' —iefKlska
foúhd ish ienE fõYh .;a w;r l=ußh iy foaúh o ish uq,aYÍrj,ska fmkS isáhy'

7'i;Hfha ud¾.h fijQ tla;rd mqoa.,fhla ysud,h jkfhaúiqfõh' fmdf<dfjys we;s ish¨ jia;=j fyda foõf,dj we;sish¨ iem fyda fkd;el+ Tyqg wjYH jQfha isf;ys we;s uq<djbj;a lr ouk oyuls'

Tyqf.a wm%ud§ yd wjxl Ndjh .ek meyeÿKq foújre
Tyqf.a is; mÍlaId lrkag is;d .;ay' tla foúfhla rl=il=
f,i fjia j,df.k ysud,fha fmkS isg —ish¨ foa fjkia
fõ' ish¨ foa we;sfõ' ke;sfõ'˜ hehs .ehqfõh'i;H fidhkakd fï .Sh wid uy;a i;=gg m;aúh' ishmji ksjd .ekSug Èh oyrla yuq jQ l,l fuka ke;fyd;afkdis;+ úrE f,i ksoyi ,enQ jyf,l= fuka Tyq m%S;s úh'
Tyq ;udgu fufia lshd .;af;ah' —fndfyda l,la ;=< udfidhñka isá i;H O¾uh wjidkfha§ uu fidhd .;sñ'˜lgy~ miqmi .sh Tyq meñ‚fha Nhdkl rl=il= bÈßhghs'
ii,jQ is;ska rl=idg ióm jQ fyf;u fufia mejiSh' —ud fï- 182 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

±ka weiQ Y=oaO jQ .S;h .dhkd lf<a Tno" tfia kï th ;j;a.hkq uekú'˜

rl=id fufia ms<s;=re ÿkafkah' —Tõ' th uf.a .S;hhs'
ta;a ug lEug hula ,efnk ;=re ug ;j;a .dhkd lsÍug
fkdyelshs' ug yßu nv.skshs˜ —tu .Sfha mQckSh jQ w¾:hla;sfnkjd' uu fndfyda ld,hlau th fidhñka isáfhñ' ug
wikag ,enqfka thska fldgila muKhs' lreKdlr ;j álla.dhkd lrkak'˜ ñksid uy;a Wkkaÿfjka wdhdpkd lf<ah'rl=id kej;;a fufia lSfõh' —uu l=i.skafka miqfjñ'ñksil=f.a WKqiqï uia yd f,a ri n,kag ug ,enqfKd;a uu.S;h wjidk lrñ'˜O¾uh weiSug wdidfjka miqjk ñksid O¾uh weiqjdg
miqj ish YÍrh lEug fok njg fmdfrdkaÿ úh' túg rl=id
iïmQ¾K .S;h .dhkd lf<ah'—ish¨ foa fjkia fõ'
ish¨ foa we;sfõ' ke;sfõ'iïmQ¾K Ydka;Ndjh we;af;aÔú;h yd urKh blaujqfjd;a mu‚'˜- 183 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

fï .Sh wiñka ñksid th wjg .iaj, yd .,aj,
flgqfõh' fyñka iSrefõ .ilg ke.=K fya rl=idf.a mduq,gmekafkah' tfy;a tflfKysu rl=id w;=reoyka ù ta fjkqjg
m%Ndj úysfok foúfhla ù wk;=rla fkdjk f,i Tyq
w,a,d .;af;ah'8'

tla;rd ld,hl i;Hfha ud¾.h Wkkaÿfjka fijQ

iodm%reÈ; keue;af;la isáfhah' ,dNh fyda f.!rjh i|yd
we;s yeu we,aulau ÿrel< fya ish Ôú;h mrÿjg ;ndi;Hfha ud¾.h fijqfõh' tla Èkl foõf,dúka wd lgy~laTyqg fufia lSfõh' —iodm%reÈ;" kef.kysr me;a;g bÈßhg
hkak' WKqiqï fyda YS;, .ek is;kak tmd' weKqï neKqï yd
m%Yxid .ek o ie,ls,su;a fkdjkak' fyd| yd krl .ek
we;sfjk úfõpk .ek o fkdle,fUkak' tfia kef.kysr
foig fl<skau hkak' wE; fmrÈ. § Tng ienE .=rejrfhl=
yuqjkq we;' nqoaO;ajh o ,nkq we;'˜fïksYaÑ;

Wmfoiaj,ska

i;=gg

m;ajQ

iodm%reÈ;blaukskau kef.kysr Èidj n,d msg;a úh' rd;%sh wdúg
l=Uqrl fyda jkfha l÷.eghl ksod .;af;ah' msg foaYhl
wuq;a;l= f,i Tyqg fkdfhla wjudkhkag uqyqKfokagisÿúh' jrl Tyq ;udu jyf,l= f,i úlaflah' nv.skak- 184 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

i|yd

ish

YÍr

udxih

úl=Kqfõh'kuq;awjidkfha§ienE .=rejrhd yuq ù Wmfoia me;=fõh'—fyd| foaj,a fndfydu .Kka˜ hehs lshukla we;' ienE
ud¾.h fidhd .sh iodm%reÈ;g;a fkdfhla ÿIalr;d we;s
jqj;a th i;H úh' .=rejrhdg ms§ug u,a fyda idïn%dks.ekSug Tyqg uqo,a fkd;snq‚' ;u fiajh ,nd§ug Tyq leu;s
jqk;a th ,nd.ekSug flfkla fkdùh' Tyq yereKq yereKq
w; lsishï kmqre n,hla ieÕù we;a;d fia úh' nqoaO;ajh,eîfï ud¾.h wiSre tlls' ta i|yd ñksfil=g Ôú;hums§ug isÿúh yel'wjidkfha§ iodm%reÈ; ish .=rejrhd yuqjg .sh úg
Tyqg w¨;a ÿIalr;djlg uqyqK §ug isÿúh' O¾ufha igyka,shd .ekSug lvodishla fyda ,sùug nqreiqjla fyda ;Ska;fkdùh' túg Tyq ish w;g lsksiailska wekf.k ;udf.au
f,hska igyka ,shqfõh' fï wdldrhg Tyq w.kd i;Hhw;alr .;af;ah'

9'

iqOk kï msßñ <ufhla o nqoaO;ajh i|yd we;s ud¾.hWkkaÿfjka fiõfõh' uiqka urkakl= fj;ska fya uqyqo .ek
W.;af;ah' ffjoHjrhl=f.ka f,vqkag Tjqkaf.a fõokdj,§
ohdj olajk ieá W.;af;ah' Okj;l=f.ka b;sß lr.;a- 185 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

ldish Tyqf.a jdikdfõ ryi njg W.;af;ah' nqoaO;ajh ,nk
uf.ys§ ,nd .kakd b;d iq¿ fohla mjd úkdYjkag fkd§
/l n,d.kakg wjYH nj Tyq f;areï .;af;ah'

ks¾u, yd iduldó is;l fjk;a is;a msßisÿ lsÍug
woaN+;

n,hla

;sfnk

nj

Tyq

Ndjkdfõ

fhfok

NslaIqjlf.ka W.;af;ah' jrla Tyqg widudkH fm!reI;ajhla;sfnk ldka;djla yuqù wef.a ;Hd.jka; lu .ek uy;aWkkaÿjg m;aúh' ;Hd.h m%{dj keue;s M,h nj Tyq
wehf.ka W.;af;ah' jrla Tyqg yuqjQ uy¿ ixpdrlfhla;udg tla;rd ia:dkhlg meñŒug lvq iys; m¾j;hla;rKh lrkakg;a" .sks.;a ñáhdj;la ueoafoka hkakg;aisÿjQ nj mejiSh' fï wdldrhg ;ud weiqÿgq yeu fohskaui;H W.ekaula ,nd .; yels nj iqOkg ish w;a±lSfukau
mila úh'ÿmam;a wín.d; .eyekshlf.ka Tyq bjiSu W.;af;ah'
mdf¾ fi,a,ï lrk orejka foi ne,Sfuka ir, jQ m%S;shms<sn| mdvula W.;af;ah' wka whg wjYH oE ;ud ,nd.ekSuglsisodfkdis;kwdpdrYS,Sñksiqkaf.ka

ish¨fokd iu.u idufhka isàfï ryi W.;af;ah'- 186 -f,dj

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

idïn%dks l=vq ñY%ùu ±l Tyq iu.sh .ek W.;af;ah' u,aud,djlska

ia;=;s

lsÍfï

mdvu

W.;af;ah'

tla

Èkl

jkdka;rhla miq fldg hkúg Tyq úYd, .ila uq, úvd
yeßfhah' jeà Èrd.sh .ilska l=vd me,hla jefvkq ±l
Ôú;fha wksh; .ek mdvula W.;af;ah'Èjd ld,fha ysre t,sh;a" rd;%S ld,fha§ Èÿ,k ;ret,sh;a ksr;=reju Tyqf.a Ôjh m%fndaOu;a lf<ah' fufia
iqOk

Tyqf.a§¾>

pdßldfõ§,enQ

w;a±lSïj,ska

uy;a ,dNhla ,enqfõh'we;af;kau nqoaO;ajh fidhkafkda ish is;a m%dido f,ii,ld tajd w,xldr l< hq;=hs' ;u ukfia fodrgqj nqÿrÿka
fjkqfjka yer ±ñh hq;=hs' f.!rj mQ¾jlj yd ne.Em;a f,iWkajykafiag we;=¿ l=áhg wdrdOkd l< hq;=h' úYajdih
keue;s iqj| ÿfuka o lD;{;dj iy i;=g keue;s u,ska omQcd l< hq;=h'- 187 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

IIms<sme§fï ud¾.

1'

nqoaO;ajh m;kakjqka wjfndaO fldg f.k ms<smeÈh hq;="

wNHdi l<hq;= ud¾. ;=kla we;' m<uq jekak m%dfhda.slyeisÍui|yd

wjYHúkhhs'

fojkqj

isf;ystald.%;djhhs' ;=kajekqj m%{djhs'

úkh kï l=ula o@ ish¨fokdu ;uka idudkH mqoa.,hl=
jqK;a" ud¾.hla fidhkakl= jqK;a fyd| yeisÍu ms<sn|
YslaIKhla ,eìh hq;=h' Tyq ish is; lh folu md,kh
fldg mis÷rka keue;s fodrgq /lj,a l< hq;=hs' b;d iq¿ jqj
o mdmhla lrkakg ìh úh hq;=hs' fudfyd;ska fudfyd;
fyd| l%shdu m%.=K l< hq;=hs'

isf;ys tald.%;dj hkqfjka woyia jkafka l=ula o@ bka
woyia jkafka ;Kaydfjka iy múgq wdYd kef.kúg tajdis;ska myfldg is; ks¾u,j yd Ydka;j ;nd .ekSuhs'

m%{dj hkq l=ula o@ tkï p;=rdhH_ i;Hhka ksje/Èj
wjfndaO

lr

.ekSu

yd

bjiSfuka- 188 -

hq;=jms<s.ekSuhs'

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

isõjeoEreï i;Hhka kï ÿflys iajNdjh ±k.ekSu" ÿlgfya;=j ±k.ekSu" ÿfla wjidkh flfia±ehs ±k.ekSu" ÿflawjidkh lrd fufyhjk wd¾h ud¾.h ±k.ekSu fõ'

fuu mqyqKq l< hq;= ud¾. ;=k Wkkaÿfjka ms<smÈkakkanqÿkajykafiaf.a Y%djlhka f,i ksje/Èj y÷kajd Èh yelsh'

ukd yevhla ke;s" t<fofklf.a jeks y~la fyda wx
fyda ke;s nQrefjla t<fokqka rxpqjla ueog mek fufia
m%ldY lr;ehs is;kak' —n,kak" ud;a t<fofkla˜ lsisfjla
fuhúYajdi

lrhs

o@

hfula

mqyqKqùfï

ud¾.

;=k

ms<sfkdmeo ;ud o ud¾.h fidhkakl= fyda nqÿkajykafiaf.a
Y%djlfhl=hehs Woka wk;a kï th óg iudk fudavluls'

ir;a R;=fõ § wiajekak tl;= lr .ekSug fmr
f.dúhd m<uqj l=Uqr yEj hq;=hs' ìcqjg jemsßh hq;=hs' j;=r
yerúh hq;=hs' jika;fha § j,a me< fk<sh hq;=hs' tfukau
nqoaO;ajh m;kakd mqyqKqùfï ud¾. ;=k ms<smeÈh hq;=hs'f.dúhd wo wxl=r o" fyg me< o" wksoaod wiajekak on,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdúh hq;=h' tfiau nqoaO;ajh m;kakdg owo f,!lsl wdYd ÿrefldg" fyg múgq wdYd yd ne£ïbj;afldg wksoaodg nqoaO;ajh ,eìh fkdyelsh'- 189 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

ìcqjg jemsrE ;ek isg me<ù M, yg .kakd ;=re yd
ld,.=K úm¾hddij,§ f.dúhd ish bjis,sjka; ie,ls,a,me<j,g,nd

fokakdla

fukau

nqÿnj

m;kakdobjis,sjka;j yd W;aidyfhka nqoaO;ajh keue;s mfiys j.dl< hq;af;a fuu mqyqKq ùfï ud¾. ;=k ms<sme§fuks'

2'hful=f.a is; iem myiqj yd iqfLdamfNda.S Ndjh

flfrys .scqj mj;sk ;dla l,a yd is; b÷rkag jy,aj ;sfnk;=re nqoaO;ajh lrd we;s uf.ys hdu wiSreh' Ôú;fha i;=g ydi;H ud¾.fhys .uka lsÍu w;r mq¿,a fjkila we;'±kg meyeÈ,s lr we;s mßÈ is; ish¨ foag uq,hs' is;f,!lslfoaj,ska

i;=gg

m;ajk

úg

uq<dj

yd

ÿl

fkdje<elaúh yels f,i miqmi ths' tfy;a is; i;H
ud¾.fha fhÿfjd;a m%S;sh ika;=Iaáh iy nqoaO;ajh ksielju,efnkq we;'tuksid nqoaO;ajh m;kafkda ;u is;a ks¾u,j ;nd .;hq;=hs' ;%súO ud¾.h is;ays ;ndf.k bjis,af,ka wNHdi l<hq;=h' Tjqka YS,h /lafld;a ksielju Ñ;a; tald.%;djh,nkq we;' Ñ;a; tald.%;djh ,nkafka kï m%{dj w;alr .;yelsh' m%d{dj Tjqka nqoaO;ajh lrd f.k hkq we;'
- 190 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

we;af;kau fuu ;%súO ud¾. YS,h" is; tlÕ lsÍug
mqyqKqùu" yeuúgu {dkjka;j l%shd lsÍu nqoaO;ajhg we;si;H ud¾. fjhs'

fïjd

fkdms<sme§fukañksiqka

È.=l,lawúoHdj/iafldg we;' Tjqka mD:.ack ñksiqka iuÕ jdo l< hq;=ke;' tfy;a nqoaO;ajh ,nkq ms‚i ;u msßisÿ is; keue;swNHka;r f,dalfhys bjis,sjka;j Ndjkd l< hq;=h'3';%súO YsCId ud¾.h ú.%y l< úg fufia ±laúh yelsh'thska wßwgÕs u." i;r i;smÜGdkh i;r iuHla m%Odk"
mxp bkaøsh n, iy ih jeoEreï mdróO¾u oelafõ'wdhH_ wIagdx.sl ud¾.h kï ksjerÈ ±lSu" ksjerÈ
ixl,am" ksjerÈ joka" ksjerÈ l%shd" ksjerÈ Èú meje;au"
ksjerÈ W;aidyh" ksjerÈ isysh iy ksjerÈ is; tlÕlu
hkqhs'

ksjerÈ ±lSfuka woyia jkafka isjq jeoEreï i;HhwjfndaO

lrf.kfya;=M,iïnkaOh

wdYdj,ska yd oiqkaj,ska uq<d fkdù isàuhs'- 191 -

úYajdilrñka

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

ksjerÈ is;sú,sj,ska woyia jkafka wdYdjka j.dlr
fkdf.k

uiqre

fkdù

oafõI

fkdlr

ysxid

l%shd

fkdlsÍug .kakd wêIaGdkhhs'

ksjerÈ jpkj,ska woyia jkafka fndre lSfuka" ysiajpk
lSfuka" mreI jpk lSfuka iy fla,ï lSfuka ÿreùuhs'ksjereÈ l%shd hkafkka woyia jkafka lsisÿ Ôú;hla
fkdkid fidrlï fkdlr ldufhys fkdjrojd Ôj;aùuhs'ksjerÈ Èú meje;au kï ,eÊcdj f.k fok l%shdj,ska
je<lSuhs'

ksjerÈ W;aidyh kï W;aidyjka;j ksjerÈ ud¾.fhys
hEuhs'

ksjerÈ

isysh

hkq

is;la ;nd .ekSuhs'- 192 -ks¾u,l,amkdldÍ

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

ksjerÈ is; tlÕlu hkqfjka woyia jkafka isf;ysks¾u, yrh wjfndaO lr .ekSu i|yd is; ksjerÈj yd
Ydka;j tys tald.%;djh ;nd .ekSuhs'

4'

i;r i;smÜGdkh kï" m<uqjekak" lh yd iïnkaOj

we;s ish¨ we,Sï bj;a lsÍug lh wY=N jYfhka ie,lSu"
fojekak" bkaøshhkaf.ka ljr ÿla fyda iem fõokdjla,enqK o bkaøshhka ÿlg uq, jYfhka ie,lSu" f;jekak" is;wks;HNdjfhys ksr;=rej mj;sk nj ie,lSu yd i;rjekak"
f,dfjys mj;sk ish¨ foh fya;= m%;Hhkaf.a m%;sM, nj;aiodld,slj fkdfjkiaj mj;sk lsisjla ke;s nj;a ie,lSuhs'

5'i;r iuHla m%Odk kï m<uqj ´kEu mdmhla wdrïN

ùug fmru je<elaùu" fojkqj ´kEu mjla th wdrïN jQ
jydu bj;a lsÍu" ;=kafjkqj fyd| l%shd lsÍug fm<Uùu"i;rfjkqj

mgka

.;a

fyd|

mj;ajdf.k

hEu

Wkkaÿ

l%shd

jeä

ÈhqKq

fldg

lsÍuhs'fï

l%shd

oduhkamj;ajdf.k hdug W;aidy l< hq;=hs'6'

mia wdldr n,h ^mxpn,& fufia y÷kajd Èh yel' m<uqj

weoySuhs' úYajdi lsÍuhs ^ioaOd& fojkqj W;aidy lsÍfï
´kElu ^úßh&" ;=kafjkqj isysh ^i;s&" i;rfjkqj is;tald.%lr .ekSfï yelshdj ^iudê& iy miafjkqj ks¾u,- 193 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

m%{djla mj;ajd .ekSfï yelshdjhs ^m[a[d&' nqoaO;ajh ,nd.ekSug by; lS Yla;Ska wjYH fõ'

7'nqoaO;ajfha wfkla fjr<g <xùug iïmQ¾K l< hq;= ihjeoEreï l%shd fufiah' odkh §fï u." iS,h /lSfï u."
bjiSfï u." úhH_fha u." is; tlÕ lsÍfï u." m%{dfõ u.
hkqfjks' fï ih jeoEreï u. ms<sme§fuka hful=g ksielju
uq<dj keue;s fjrf<a isg nqoaO;ajh kue;s fjr<g meñ‚hyelsh'

odkh mqyqKqùfuka wd;aud¾:ldó;ajfhka ñÈh yelsh'
iS,h mqyqKq ùfuka wkHhkaf.a whs;sjdislï yd iemmyiqj.ekyeÕSulaoafõIfhka

is;we;sfõ'

bjiSu

uqojd

.;

mqyqKqùfuka
yelsh'

ùhH_

ìfhka

yd

mqyqKqùfuka

W;aidyjka; yd úYajdijka; is;la we;sfõ' iudêh mqyqKqlsÍu ksr¾:l yd Tn fudn hk is; md,khg Wmldr fõ'm%{dj mqyqKq lsÍu w÷re yd jHdl+, is; meyeÈ,s yd ;SlaIK
is;lg fjkia lrhs'

odkh yd iS,h úYd, ud,s.hla ;ekSug wjYH wä;d,uouhs' bjiSu yd ùhH_h th ndysr i;=rkaf.ka /l.kakd ì;a;s
fjhs'

iudêh

yd

m%{dj

Ôú;h

yd

urKh

keue;smyr§ïj,ska wdrCId lrk fm!oa.,sl wdrCIl wdjrKhls'- 194 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

hfula ;udg myiq ksid fyda fkd§ug jvd §u myiq
ksid fyda ;E.a.la mß;Hd. lrhs' tfy;a th odkhla jqj oienE odkhla fkdfõ' ienE odkh kï b,a,Sula lrkakg
fmru idkqlïmsl yoj;lska u;=jkakls' ienE odkh kï hïhï wjia:dj, fokakla fkdj ksr;=reju fokq ,nkakls'§fuka miqj lK.dgqj fyda wd;au-m%Yxidj ;sfí kï tu
odkh ienE odkhla fkdfõ' ienE odkh kï i;=áka
fokq ,nkakls' ;ud odkhla fok nj o th ,nkakd yd fok
foh o wu;l fldg fokq ,nkakls'

ienE odkh meyeÈ,s ohdnr is;lska bfíu my< fõ' thm%;sWmldrhlan,dfmdfrd;a;=fkdfõ'

tlg

nqoaO;ajh ,nd .ekSu i|yd fokq ,nkakls'

t;rï Okj;a fkdjk whg jqj o mqyqKq l< yels odk
j¾. y;la we;' m<uqjekak kï YdÍßl odkhhs' fuh Èhyelafla Y%uh odkh lsÍfuks' fuu odkfha b;du Wiia odkhkï Ôú;hu oka§uhs' th fmkajk l:djla u;= i|yka fõ'
fojekak kï wOHd;añl odkhhs' wkHhkag ohdnr yoj;laodkh lsÍu fuhhs' ;=kajekak weia oka§uhs' tkï wkHhka;=< Ydka; Ndjh we;sjk f,i iqyo ne,aula fy,Suhs'
i;rjekak kï fyd| uqyqKqjrla msßkeóuhs' tkï iskduqiq- 195 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

uqyqKla wkHhkag odkh lsÍuhs' miajekak jdÑl odkhhs'
tkï ldre‚l WKqiqï jokaj,ska wkHhkag ix.%y lsÍuhs'ihjekak kï wdik odkhhs' tkï wkHhkag ;u wdik
mß;Hd. lsÍuhs' i;ajekak kï fijkla ,nd§uhs' tkï
hul=f.a ksjil wka whg rd;%S kjd;eka ,nd §uhs' fï.Kfha odkhla ´kEu flfkl=g tÈfkod Ôú;fha§ mqyqKql< yelsh'

8'

tla lf,l id;aj kñka l=ufrla úh' tla Èkla Tyq ish

jeäuy,a ifydaorhka fokakd iu. l%Svd ms‚i le,hg.sfhah' tys§ Tjqyq ;u megjqka y;afofkl= urd ish l=i.skak
ksjd .ekSug ;e;a lrk ydu;a jQ fldá fokl ÿgy'jeäuy,a ifydaorhka nfhka ÿjoa§ lkaolg ke.=K
id;aj fldáfok wìuqjg mekafka fldá megjqkaf.a Ôú;
fírd.ekSugh'

id;aj l=udrh fï mß;Hd.S l%shdj lf<a ksrdhdifhks'
tfy;a Tyq is;ska fufia is;=fõh' —fï lh fjkiajk iq¿;djld,sl tlls' ud fï lhg wdYd lf<a th úislrk
woyiska fkdfõ' tfy;a ±ka uu th fldáfokg okafoñ'
tu.ska ug nqoaO;ajh ,efíjd'˜ fï is;sú,af,ka id;aj
l=udrhd fmkajkafka nqoaO;ajh ,nd .ekSfï ienE wÈgkhs'- 196 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

9'nqoaO;ajh m;kakd úiska wdorfhka /lsh hq;= isf;awiSñ; iajNdjhka i;rla fjhs' tkï lreKdj" ffu;%sh"uqÈ;dj yd WfmaCIdjhs' lreKdj /l .ekSfuka flfkl=g;Kaydj bj;a l< yelsh' ffu;%sfhka fldamh ke;s l<yelsh' uqÈ;dj ksid ÿl ke;s l< yelsh' flfkl=g i;=rd yd
ñ;=rd fjkiaj oelSfï mqreoao WfmaCIdj we;s lr .ekSfuka
ke;s lr .; yel'ñksiqka ikaf;daIhg yd ;Dma;shg m;a lrkafka n,j;a
lreKdjls' ñksiqka ikaf;daIhg yd ;Dma;shg m;a fkdlrk
ish¨ foa bj;a lrkafka n,j;a ffu;%shhs'

m%S;su;a is;lska

ish¨fokdu ;Dma;shg yd i;=gg m;a lrkafka n,j;a
uqÈ;djhs' ish¨fokdu ikaf;daIhg yd ;Dma;shg m;ajQ úg
n,j;a iduldó njla we;' túg ish¨fokd flfrysu
iudkd;au;dj ±laúh yelsh'hfula m%fõYfuka by; lS wiSñ; udkisl iajNdjhka/l.;af;d;a ;Kaydj" oafõIh" ÿl fukau fm%au lrk iy
ffjrlrk is;aj,ska o .e<úh yelsh' kuq;a th myiqfjkal< yelalla fkdfõ' múgq is;ska .e<ùu uqr n,a,l=f.ka.e<ùug jvd ÿIalrh' ksjerÈ is; le,fha uqfjl= mßoafoka
myiqfjka .s,syS hd yelsh' tfiau múgq is; .,l flgQ wl=re
fuka bj;a lsÍug wiSreh' ksjerÈ is; Èfhys ,shQ wl=re fuka
- 197 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

myiqfjka ke;s ù hk iq¿h' we;af;kau Ôú;fha b;du ÿIalr
ldhH_h jkqfha nqoaO;ajh i|yd mqyqKq ùuhs'10' Okj;a mjq,l bmÿk;a uqÿ fudf,dla YÍr fi!LHhla
we;s fY%daK keue;s ;reKfhla isáfhah' nqoaO;ajh ,eîfï±äWkkaÿfjka

hq;=jQ

fyf;uYdka;skdhlhdKkaf.a

Y%djlfhla úh' nqoaO;ajhg hdhq;= u. hdug Tyq fld;rï
wudrefjka fjr ±rejd o h;a wka;sfï§ fomdj,ska f,a.,kakg úh'

Tyq .ek wkqlïmd l< Ydka;skdhlhdfKda fufia
mejiQy' —fY%daK ud orej" Tn ljod yß ksjfia§ ùkdj jhk
yeá W.;a;d o@ tys ;;a jvd ;o fyda jvd ,sys,a lf<d;athska ix.S;h fkdkef.hs' kshu wdldrhg ;;a weoafod;aú;rhs bka ix.S;h kef.kafka' nqoaO;ajhg mqyqKqùu;a yßhgùkdfõ ;;a ilikjd jf.hs' Tfí is; keue;s ;;a jvd ;olf<d;afyda

jvd

nqre,alf<d;aTng

nqoaO;ajh,ofkdyelsh' Tn ie,ls,su;aj yd {dkjka; f,i l%shd l<
hq;=h'˜

fY%daK

fujokauekúkafidhd .sh foh ,nd .;af;ah'- 198 -

m%fhdackhg

f.k

Tyq

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

11'b;d olaI wdldrfhka mxpdhqO yrU l< yels l=udrfhla

isáfhah' mqyqKqùïj,ska miqj wdmiq f.or tk Tyqg ;=jd,l< fkdyels iula we;s fhdaO i;a;ajfhl= yuqúh'i;a;ajhd bÈßhg wdj;a l=udrhd ìh fkdjq‚' Tyq yShla
úoao;a i;dg ;=jd,hla fkdù th ìu jegq‚' bkamiq Tyq
f;daurh úisl<;a bka f.dfrdaiq yu isÿre fkdùh' blaì;sfy,a,h yd fmd,a,la úisl<;a i;dg ysßyerhla jqfKa ke;'B<Õg lvqfjka flgqj;a lvqj levq‚' bkamiq l=udrhd w;ska
yd mhska i;dg .eiqj;a m,la fkdùh' fhdaO i;d ish fhdaO
w;aj,ska l=udrhd w,a,d .;a neúks' blaì;s ish ysi wdhqOhla
f,i fhfoõj;a m,la fkdùh'fhdaO i;a;ajhd fufia mejiSh' —Wfò úreoaO ùfuka
m,la kE' uu ±ka WU .s, ouñ' —tfy;a l=urd fufia ms<s;=reÿkafkah' —WU is;kjd we;s ud uf.a wdhqO fiaru mdúÉÑ
fldg wjidkhhs lshd' keye' ta;a ;j tla wdhqOhla b;sßj;sfnkjd' WU udj .s, ±ïfud;a nfâ § uu WUj úkdYlrñ'˜

l=udrhdf.a ffOhH_jka;lu ksid uola mels¨Kq fhdaOi;ajhd fufia weiSh' —fldfyduo WU tfia lrkafka@˜
l=udrhd fufia f;m<Sh' —i;Hfha n,fhks'˜- 199 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

túg i;ajhd l=udrhd uqod yer i;H ms<sn|j Wmfoia
me;=fõh'fï

WmfoaYl;dfjkalshefjkb.ekaùu

kï

Y%djlhkag ish W;aidyhkays§ ´kEu wjia:djl§ fkdmiqng
f,i fkdkj;ajdu ùhH_ mj;ajdf.k hd hq;= njhs'

12' kskaÈ; whqßka ;udf.a m%fhdackh .ek muKla is;Suiy ks¾,Êcdlu ukqIH j¾.hd úm;g fy,hs' tfy;awf.!rjh yd ,Êcdj ñksid rlshs' ñksiqka ish udmshkag
jeäysáhkag fidfydhqrkag fidfydhqßhkag .re lrkafka
Tjqka ,Êcdj yd kskaodj .ek i,lk ksidh' ;ud .eku
fufkys lsÍfuka miqj ;ud ;=<skau tk f.!rjh uolg
j<ld,Su hym;s' wka wh foi n,d ,Êcdjla we;slr .ekSuuekú'hï ñksfil=g ;u mõ .ek miq;eú,s jk is;la we;akï
tu mõ ke;sfõ' tjeks is;la fkdue;s kï tu mõ È.gu
mej;S Tyq úkdY lr ouhs'- 200 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

ienE O¾uh ksjerÈ f,i wid th wjfndaO lrf.k;udg iïnkaO lr .kakd ;eke;a;dg muKla thska ,dNhla,eìh yelsh'

hfula

O¾uh

yqfola

wikjd

muKla

kï"

th

ms<smÈkafka ke;akï nqoaO;ajh ,eîfuys wiu;a fõ'

weoySu" ksryxldrlu" ksy;udkSlu" úhH_h iy m%{djnqoaO;ajh m;kakdg Yla;sh ,ndfok uQ,hkah' fï w;=ßka
m%{dj m%Odkh' wks;ajd m%{dfõu m%fNao mu‚' hul= ish
mqyqKqlrk

ld,fha§f,d!lsl

fohg

wdYd

jqfKd;a"iïmm%,dmfhys we¨fKd;a ksoaodiS,s jqfKd;a Tyq nqoaO;ajhg
we;s u.ska bj;ajkq we;'13'

nqoaO;ajh i|yd mqyqKqùfï§ iuyre wkHhkag jvd

blaukska id¾:l fj;s' tuksid lsisfjl= wkHhka uq,ska
nqoaO;ajhg t<fUkq n,d wffOhH_ fkdúh hq;=h'ñksfil= ÿKq Ys,amh mqyqKqjk l, blauka ÈhqKqjla
n,dfmdfrd;a;=fkdúh

hq;=hs'

tfy;a

;ud

bjiSfuka

mqyqKqjkafka kï jeä jeäfhka ksmqK jk nj o; hq;=h'- 201 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

.Õla mgka .kafka Èh oyrla fuks' kuq;a th uy uqyqog
jefgk ;=re l%ufhka úYd, fjhs'

fï WodyrK fukau hfula bjiSfuka yd fkdkj;ajdu
mqyqKq jqjfyd;a Tyq ksielju nqoaO;ajh ,nhs'±kgu úia;r lr we;s mßÈ hfula weia wer f.kisáhfyd;aTyqg

yeu;ekub.ekaùï

fmfka'

tuksidnqoaO;ajh i|yd Tyqg ,efnk wjia:d wmuKh'tla;rd ñksfyla idïn%dks ms,siaiSh' iqj| tkafka j;ahkafka j;a ke;s nj Tyqg fmkqks' th fmkS hkafka j;afkdfmkS hkafka j;a ke;' fï l=vd isÿùï Tyqg nqoaO;ajh,nd .ekSug u. fmkaùh'jrla tla ñksfil=f.a ll=f,a lgqjla wekqfKah' Tyqg
;shqKq fõokdjla ±kqfKah' tflfKys fõokdj isf;ysm%;sl%shdjla muKla nj Tyqg is;=fKah' fï isÿùu ksid Tyqg
jvd .eUqre is;sú,a,la my< úh' tkï flfkl=g ;u is;
md,kh l< fkdyels kï th w;ska .s,syS hhs' th md,khl< yels jqfKd;a is; ks¾u, fjhs' fuu is;=ú,sj,ska álfõ,djlg miq nqoaO;ajh Tyq fj; meñ‚fhah'- 202 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

uy;a Ok ;DIaKdfjka hqla; ;j;a ñksfila isáfhah'tla Èkla Tyq ;u .scq is;=ú,s .ek is;ñka isák úg tajd
m%{djg ojd ±ñh yels ,S m;=re muKla nj jgyd .;af;ah'
th Tyqf.a nqoaO;ajh ,eîfuys wdrïNh úh'—Tfí uki iuj ;nd.kak' túg uq¿ f,dju iuj;sfnkq we;˜ hk mrK lshukla we;' fï jpk i,ld
n,kak' f,dfjys we;s ish¨u fjkialïj,g fya;=ù we;af;aukiska fjkia f,i y÷kd .ekSï ksid h hkak f;areï
.kak' nqoaO;ajhg ud¾.hla tu jpkj,u .eí ù we;'
we;af;kau nqoaO;ajhg we;s ud¾. wmuKh'

III
Y%oaOdfõ u.

1'

nqoaO"

Oïu"

ix>

hk

f;rejkairKm;kafkda

nqÿkajykafiaf.a Y%djlhka f,i y÷kaj;s' nqÿkajykafiaf.a
Y%djlfhda isõ jeoEreï Ñ;a;-md,khla ms<smÈ;s' YS,h" Y%oaOdj"
pd.h iy m%{djhs'- 203 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

nqÿkajykafiaf.a Y%djlfhda mkais,a m%.=K lr;s' tkïi;=kafkdueÍu"fidrlï

fkdlsÍu"ldufhysjrojd

fkdyeisÍu" fndre fkdlSu u;ameka fkdîu hkqfjks'nqÿkajykafiaf.a Y%djlhka ;=< nqÿkajykafiaf.a i¾j
iïmQ¾Km%{dj.ekúYajdihla

we;';Kaydjyd

wd;aud¾:ldó;ajh msgqolsk Tjqyq odkh mqyqKq lr;s' fya;=M,kshuh wjfndaO lr .kakd Tjqyq Ôú;fha fjkiajk iq¿
Ndjh is;ays ;ndf.k m%{dj ,eîug W;aidy or;s'kef.kysr
fmr<Shkakdla

Èidjg
fuka

we,jqK.ilanqÿkajykafiaf.atuÈidjgu

O¾uh

wid

th

woykafkda nqÿkajykafiaf.a Y=oaO N+ñfha Wm; ,n;s'2'nqoaO"

Oïu"

ix>

hk

f;rejkawoykafkda

nqÿkajykafiaf.a Y%djlhka nj ksjerÈj lshd we;' mßmQ¾K
nqoaO;ajh ,ndf.k thska" ukqIH j¾.hd uqojd .ekSug iy
Tjqkag Ydka;sh Wodlr ÿkafka;a nqÿkajykafiah' O¾uh hkq
i;Hhhs' nqoaO;ajfha idrh yd th myod fokq ,nk foaYkdhs'
nqÿkajykafia

yd

oyï

woykakkaf.aix>hdh'- 204 -

mßmQ¾Kiudch

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

wms nqÿnj" O¾uh iy ix> iudch tajd tlsfklg
fjkia f,i is;d l;d lruq' kuq;a tajd we;af;kau tllau
fõ' nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾ufha nqÿkajykafia úoHduk fj;s'
O¾uh

ix>hd

nqÿkajykafia

úiska

wjfndaO

lrkq

,efí'

tneúkawoykakdO¾uhúYajdi

lrñka

ix>hd

wdorfhka /l n,d .ekSu hkq nqÿkajykafia ms<sn| úYajdih;sîuhs' tfiau nqÿkajykafia weoySu hkq O¾uh woyñka
ix>hd /l n,d .ekSuhs'

fï ksid nqÿkajykafia weoySfukau ñksiaiq úuqla;shg
iy nqoaO;ajhg m;afj;s' iïmQ¾K f,i nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQfha
nqÿkajykafia jk w;r Wkajykafia ieu fokdgu wdorh
lrkafka ;u tlu orejdg mßoafoks' tneúka nqÿkajykafia
ish udmshka f,i i,lkakd" ;ud nqÿkajykafia jYfhka
f;areï f.k nqoaO;ajhg m;afjhs'

fufianqÿkajykafiag

i,lkafkda

Wkajykafiaf.am%{dfjka wkqn, ,nk w;r ohdkqlïmdjg o yiqfj;s'3'nqÿkajykafia weoySu ;rï hym;la f.k fok wka

lsisjla fï f,dj ke;' nqÿkajykafiaf.a ku weiQ mu‚ka"nqÿkajykafia weoySfuka we;sjk fudfyd;l i;=g wm%udKhym;a úmdl f.k fohs'- 205 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

tuksid úYd, .skaklska fï f,dj msÍ ;sìh§ mjd
flfkl= nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾uh fiùfuka i;=gg m;aúh
hq;=h'

O¾uh meyeÈ,s l< yels .=rejrfhl= fidhd .ekSu wiSreúh yelsh' nqÿjrhl= yuqùu Bg jvd ÿIalr úh yelsh' kuq;ab;du;au wiSre foh kï Wkajykafiaf.a O¾uh weoySuhs'

tfia jqj o ±ka Tng uqK .eiSug wudre nqÿkajykafiayuqù we;' weiSug wiSre O¾uh meyeÈ,s fldg § we;' ±kab;ska Tn i;=gq ù nqÿkajykafia flfrys Y%oaOdj we;s lr.;hq;=hs'4'ñksia Ôú;h keue;s È.= .ufkys § Y%oaOdj b;d fyd|uhy¿jdhs' th .ufka fyd|u m%fndaOlhhs' fyd|u jia;=jhs'

Y%oaOdj O¾uh ,nk w;hs' th ish¨ .=KO¾uhka w;alr.kakd ks¾u, w;hs' Y%oaOdj ish¨ f,!lsl wdYd w¿ lr ouk.skakhs' th nr ieye,a¨ lr fohs' hdhq;= u. fmkajk
ud¾f.damfoaYlhdhs'- 206 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

Y%oaOdj;Kaydj"ìh"yd

WvÕ=luÿrelrhs'th

wdpdrYS,Snj iy wkHhkag .relrkag W.kajhs' isÿùï ksid
we;sjk ne|Sïj,ska wm ksoyia lrhs' th wmg ÿIalr;dj,guqyqKfokakg ffOhH_h ,ndfohs' th fm<Uùï uev mj;ajd.ekSug n,h ,ndfohs' th wmg wmf.a l%shd b;d Wiia yd
ks¾u, whqßka lrkakg yelshdj we;s lrhs' tfiau th is;kqj‚ka fmdfydi;a lrhs'

Y%oaOdj hful=f.a u. §¾> yd úvdfjka hq;=jQ úg
ffOhH_ ,nd§ nqoaO;ajh lrd fhduq lrjhs'

Y%oaOdj wm nqÿkajykafia yuqfjys isák njg yeÕSula
we;s lrhs' th nqÿkajykafiaf.ka ,efnk msgqjy, fj; wm
f.k hhs' Y%oaOdj wfma ±ä wd;aud¾:ldó is;a uqÿ fudf,dla
njg m;afldg ñ;%YS,S Ôjhla yd lreKdj y÷kk is;la,ndfohs'

5'

Y%oaOdj we;s wh Tjqka wik fudkhï fohl jqj onqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾uh y÷kd.ekSug wjYH m%{dj ,nd.ks;s'
Y%oaOdj we;s wh ish¨foh fya;=M, kshduh ksid we;sjk foa
muKla nj ±l .ekSug wjYH {dkh ,n;s' tfiau th
Tjqkag bjis,sjka;j mss<s.ekSfï ksy;udkS nj ,ndfohs'
tfukau th iduldój wkq.; ùug wjYH yelshdj ,ndfohs'- 207 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

Y%oaOdj Ôú;fha wks;Hh wjfndaO lr .ekSug wjYH
{dkh ,ndfohs' Tjqyq ta fjkiaùu ksid lK.dgqjg fydaúiauhg m;a fkdfj;s' ulaksid o h;a iajNdjhka yd ta ta
wdldrhka

fjkilawe;sjqK;aÔú;fha

i;Hh

ieuod

fkdfjkiaj mj;sk nj okakd neúks'

Y%oaOdfjys jeo.;a wx. ;=kla we;' tkï miq;eú,a,"wkHhkaf.a .=Kj;alu .ek i;=gg m;aùu yd wjxlj .relsÍu"nqÿkajykafia

fmkS

isák

njg

we;s

lD;fõ§

ms<s.ekSuhs'

Y%oaOdfõ fuu wx. ñksiqka úiska jvd.; hq;=hs' ;ukaf.a
wid¾:l Ndjhka iy krl .ek Tjqkag yeÕSula ;sìh hq;=hs'
Tjqka

tajd

.ek

,Êcd

ù

mdfmdaÉpdrKhl<hq;=hs'wkHhkaf.a fyd| l%shd yd fyd| .;s.=K .ek m%Yxid l< hq;=w;r tajd W;aidyfhka mqreÿ l< hq;=h' nqÿkajykafia iu.
úiSug yd nqÿkajykafia iu. l%shd lsÍug Tjqka mqreoaolaa f,ileu;s úh hq;=h'Y%oaOdj;a is;la hkq wjHdc is;ls' th .eUqre is;ls' thnqÿkajykafiaf.a ks¾u, foaYhg Wkajykafiaf.a n,fhka
hEug wjxlj i;=gqjk is;ls'- 208 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

tuksid ñksiqka ks¾u, foaYhg /f.k hk Y%oaOdjg
nqÿkajykafia n,hla fo;s' tu n,h Tjqka msßisÿ lrhs' tu
n,h Tjqka wd;au uq<dfjka wdrCId lrhs' tla fudfyd;lg
muKla jqj o Y%oaOdj we;s lr .;af;d;a" uq¿ f,dalfhaunqÿkajykafiaf.a ku j¾Kkd lrkq wik úg" Tjqyq ks¾u,
foaYhg fhduq lrjkq ,n;s'6'

Y%oaOdj hkq f,!lsl ukig tla l< hula fkdfõ' th

ukfiys mj;sk nqÿkajykafiaf.a iajNdjfhys m%ldYhls'
nqÿkajykafia wjfndaO lr.kakd mqoa.,hd ;udu nqÿjrfhla
fjhs' nqÿkajykafia flfrys Y%oaOdj we;s mqoa.,hd ;udu
nqÿjrfhla fjhs'

tfy;a flfkl= ;=< mj;sk nqÿkajykafiaf.a iajNdjh
t<slsÍu

yd

h<s

w;alr

.ekSu

myiq

fohla

fkdfõ'

ksrka;rfhka by< my< hk ;Kayd" oafõI yd f,!lsl
wdYdjka mj;soa§ ks¾u, is;la ;nd.ekSu myiq lghq;a;lafkdfõ' tfy;a Y%oaOdj th lrkag yelshdj ,ndfohs'le,fha úI iys; tr~q .ia w;frys tr~q muKla
jefjhs' kuq;a iqj|e;s y÷ka fkdjefõ' tr~q le,hl y÷ka.ila jejqfKd;a th m%d;sydhH_hls' tfukau ñksiqkaf.a yoj;a- 209 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

;=<nqÿkajykafia

flfrys

Y%oaOdjla

jevqfKd;athm%d;sydhH_hls'tneúkanqÿkajykafia

we§ySfï§we;sjk

Y%oaOdj—uq,arys;˜ Y%oaOdjla f,i y÷kajkq ,efí' tkï ñksia is;ljefjkag tys uq,a ke;' tfy;a lreKdjka; jQ o isf;ys
jefjkag tys uq,a we;'7'

fï wdldrhg Y%oaOdj M,iys; yd mQckSh fjhs' tfy;a

Y%oaOdj w,i is;l wjÈ lsÍu wmyiqh' úfYaI jYfhkalsõfjd;a ñksia is;l fijke,s w;r .sks mqmqre fuka È,siS
Y%oaOdj ySk lrk mia jeoEreï ielhla we;'m<uqjekak nqÿkajykafiaf.a {dkh .ek we;s ielhhs'
fojekaknqÿkajykafiaf.a

O¾uh

.ek

we;s

ielhhs';=kajekak nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾uh úia;r lrkakd ms<sn|ielhhs' i;rjekak W;=ï u. i|yd ms<smeÈh hq;= ms<sfj;ams<sn| ielhhs' miajekak ;u wyxldr fkdbjis,sjka; is;ksid nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾uh f;areïf.k ms<smÈkakkaf.a
wjxl Ndjh .ek we;sjk ielhhs'- 210 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

we;af;kau ielh ;rï Nhdkl wka fohla ke;' ielhñksiqka fjka lrhs' th m%ikak in|;d iy ñ;%lï lvd ì|
ouk úIls' th wekS fõokd fojk lgqjls' th ñkS urK
lvqjls'Y%oaOdfõ

uQ,hkafndfydal,lg

fmrd;=jnqÿkajykafiaf.a lreKdj úiska ys÷jkq ,eîh' hul=g Y%oaOdj
we;sjk l,ays Tyq fï ldrKh wjfndaO lr.; hq;=h'tfukau Wkajykafiaf.a i;amqreIlu .ek lD;{ úh hq;=h'Y%oaOdjwjÈlf<a;udf.au

lreKdjfkdjk

nj

lsisfjla wu;l fkdl< hq;=h' th wjÈ lf<a fndfyda l,lg
fmr nqÿkajykafiaf.a lreKdfõ Y%oaOdj keue;s wdf,dalhñksia is; ;=<u úys÷jd yeÍfuks' Tjqkaf.a fudayh keue;swkaOldrh thska ÿre lf<ah' j¾;udk Y%oaOdfõ i;=ghfula ,nhs o Tyq Tyqf.a Wreuh ,nd we;'idudkH Ôú;hla .;lroa§ mjd flfkl=g ks¾u,
N+ñfhys Wm; ,en" nqÿkajykafiaf.a ld,dka;rhla mj;sk
lreKdj ;=<ska Y%oaOdj wjÈlr .;fyd;a idudkH Ôú;hla.;lrñka jqj o flfkl=g Y=oaO N+ñfhys Wm; ,eìh yel'

- 211 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

we;af;kau fï f,dj bm§u ÿIalrh' nqÿkajykafiaf.aO¾uh weiSu wiSreh' Y%oaOdj wjÈlr .ekSu Bg jvd wiSreh'tuksid ish¨fokdu nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾uh weiSug iEu
W;aidyhlau ±ßh hq;=h'IV
W;=ï joka1'

Tyq ug nekafKah' ug iskdiqfKah' ug .eiqfõh' fï

whqßka Tyq is;hs' tu

is;=ú,s mj;sk ;=re Tyqf.a fl%daOh

mj;shs'wukdmiy.;is;=ú,s

isf;ys;sfnk;=refl%daOhw;=reoyka fkdfõ' wukdm is;sú,s wu;l jQ jydu fl%daOhw;=reoyka fõ'

jy,la ukdj idod ke;akï ms<silr lf<a ke;akï
f.h ;=<g j;=r ldkaÿ fõ' ukdj mqyqKq fkdl<" md,kh
fkdl< is; ;=<g o tfiau ;Kaydj we;=¿ fõ'- 212 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

lïue,slu urKhg we;s flá mdrls' wm%ud§ nj
Ôú;fha ud¾.hhs' fudav ñksiaiq w,i fj;s' kqjKe;af;da
wm%udo fj;s'

B;, idokakd ;u B;, weo ke;sj idokakg jEhïlrhs' tfiau kqjKe;a;d ish is; weo ke;sj ;nd .kakg
jEhï lrhs'

wjq,a jQ is; ks;ru l%shd;aul fjhs' tyd fuyd mkshs'
md,kh lrkakg wudreh' kuq;a ksYap, is; iduldóh'tneúka is; md,khg yiqfldg ;nd .ekSu {dkjka;h'ñksid mjg fhduq lrkafka Tyqf.au is;hs' Tyqf.ai;=frl= fyda úreoaOldrfhl= fkdfõ';ud is; ;Kaydfjka fl%daOfhka yd uq<dfjka /l.kakd;eke;a;d iodld,sl ienE iduh i;=áka ú|.kS'

2';uka lrkafka ke;sj f;m<k m%ikak jpk iqj|ska

f;dr u,a jdf.ah'- 213 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

u,l iqj| iq<Õg m%;súreoaO foig yukafka ke;'tfy;a fyd| ñksidf.a fyd| ku iq<Õg o m%;súreoaOjf,dalh ;=<g .uka lrhs'

kskao ke;s ñksidg rd;%sh È.hs' tfiau úvdm;a u.shdg.uk È.hs' tfiau ksjerÈ oyu fkdokakdg iir È.hs'
ixpdrhl fhfok úg ;udg iudk ys;la fyda Bg jvd fyd|ys;la we;shl= iu. hd hq;=h' kuq;a fudavhl= iuÕ hkjdg
jvd ;ksj hEu uekú'

ixpdrhl fhfok úg iudk flfkl= fkdue;s kï;ksj .uka .ekSu fhfyls'

jxl yd múgq ñ;=rd jk uD.fhl=g jvd ìh úh
hq;af;ls' jk uD.hd Tfí weÕ ;=jd, lrkq we;' kuq;a múgq
ñ;=rd Tfí is; ;=jd, lrkq we;'ñksfil=g ;udf.a is; md,kh lr.; fkdyels jk;=re—fï udf.a mq;d-fï udf.a jia;=j˜ hkd§ is;=ú,sj,ska i;=gla,nkafka flfia o@ wKqjk ñksid fujeks is;=ú,sj,ska
i;=gg m;afjhs'- 214 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

;ud fudavhl= nj ±kf.k isàu fudavhl= ù ;ud{dkjka;hehs is;d isàug jvd fyd|hs'

yekaog tys we;s wdydrj, ri fkd±fka' tfukau
wkqjK ;eke;a;d uqksjrfhl= weiqre l<;a Tyqf.a kqjK
wjfndaO lr fkd.kS'

w¨;a lsß ñfokakg m%udo fõ' tfiau múgq l%shdj,gblaukskau úmdl ,efnkafka ke;' múgq l%shd w¿ hg ieÕùwe;s .sks mqmqrla fuka mej;S wjidkfha § úYd, .skakla we;slrhs'ñksfil=jrm%ido"Wiiaùï",dN"

nqyqukaj,gwdYdlrkakg ;rï fudav fjhs' tfy;a tajdhska lsislf,lTyqg i;=gla fkd,efnhs' ta fjkqjg fõokdj f.k tkq we;'jerÈ yd ÿ¾j,;d fmkajd § mõlïj,g ;rjgq lrk
fyd| ñ;=rdg ieÕjqK ksOdkhl ryi fy<s lrkakl=g fuka
.re l< hq;=h'- 215 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

3';udg fyd| Wmfoia ,efnk úg i;=gg m;ajk ñksid

iqjfia ksohs' ulaksid o Tyqf.a is; tajdhska msßisÿ jk neúks'

jvqfjla mrd, fl,ska iE§ug ;e;a lrhs' ÿkqjdhd ÿkq
iunrj iE§ug ;e;a lrhs' j;=r hjkakd c,h ukdj .,dhk
f,i ydrhs' tfiau kqjKe;s ñksid ;u is; ukdj yd i;Hf,i l%shdlrjkq jia md,kh lrkag ;e;a lrhs'

uylkaolaiq<Õska

fkdfi,afõ'tfiau

kqjKe;sñksil=f.a is; kskaodfjka fyda m%ixYdfjka fkdfi,afõ';udu ch .ekSu hqoaOhl § oyila fokd ch .ekSug
jvd fyd|hs'

tl ojila Ôj;aù hym;a O¾uhla weiSu tjekakla
fkd±k ishhla wjqreÿ Ôj;a fjkjdg jvd fyd|hs'

;udg

.re

lrkakka

ksr;=rewjOdkfhka

isàu

wjYHhhs' ke;akï múgq wdYdj,g hg;aùug isÿúh yelsh'
wvqu jYfhka Ôú;fha tla jrlaj;a ;reK úfha §" ueÈúfha§fyda uy¿úfha§ Y%oaOdj wjÈ lr.; hq;=hs'- 216 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

f,dalh iEu úgu .sks .kS' ;Kayd" oafõI" fuday.skafkka .sks .kS' yels ;rï blaukska ta wk;=rej,ska m<dhd hq;=hs'f,dalh Èh nqnq,la jekak' th ul=¿±,la jekak' ls,sáfcda.=jla ;=< we;s wmsßisÿ fohla jekak' tneúka ksr;=reju
isf;a ks¾u, nj /l.; hq;=hs'

4'

mõ fkdlsÍu" hym; lsÍu" is; ks¾u,j ;nd .ekSu"nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾ufhys idrhhs'

bjiSu

b;du

wiSre

úkhhs'

kuq;a

wjidk

ch

,efnkafka bjikakdguh'

fkdßiaiqï .;sh oefkk úg th ÿre l< hq;=hs'lK.dgqfjka miqjk úg lK.dgqj myl< hq;=hs' ;Kaydfjys.e,S isák úg ;Kaydj bj;a l< hq;=hs' ks¾u, mrd¾:ldó
Ôú;hla .; lrkag kï iuDoaêu;a Ndjh ;=< lsisjla ;udf.a
hhs fkd.s‚h hq;=h'- 217 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

ksfrda.sùu uyd ,dNhls' ,o fohska i;=gg m;aùu b;dúYd, Okhla ,eîug jvd ukdh' úYajdijka;lu ñ;%lfï
i;H jQ ,l=Khs' nqoaO;ajh ,nd .ekSu Wiiau i;=ghs'

hful= ;=< mdmhg wlue;a;la ;sfí kï" hful= fj;
Ydka;Ndjh ;sfí kï" hful= fyd| O¾uhkag ijka §fukai;=gla ,nhs kï fujeks yeÕSï we;s hful= tajd w.h lrhs
kï túg Tyq ìfhka ñfoa'Tn leu;s foaj, nef|kakg tmd' wlue;s foa .ek ;owlue;a;la we;s lr .kakg tmd' lK.dgqj" ìh yd ne|Su
flfkl=f.a leue;s wleue;s nj ksid we;sfõ'5'u<lv hlvfhkau ygf.k th úkdY lr ouhs' tfiau

mdmh ñksidf.a isf;ys ygf.k ñksid úkdYlr ouhs'

wjxlj

fkdlshjk

,o

Y=oaO

,shú,a,blaukskaÿyqú,af,ka jefihs' w¨;ajeähd l< hq;= f.hla tfia
fkdl<úg .rd jefghs' tfukau w,i ñksid blaukskau
flf,iSug m;afõ'- 218 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

wmsßisÿ l%shd ñksid ¥IKh lrhs' f,daNlu odkh ¥Is;
lrhs' tfukau múgq l%shd fï Ôú;h muKla fkdj B<Õgtk Ôú;h o ¥IKh lrhs'

kuq;a ¥Is; nfõ b;du Nhdkl foh kï wúoHdjhs'
wúoHdj ÿre lrk ;=re ñksidg ish is; fyda lh ks¾u, lr.ekSu n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh fkdyel'

ks¾,Êcd njg jefgkakg" lmqgl= fuka .reire ke;syd ìh iel ke;sjkakg" lk.dgqjla ke;sj wkqkag ysxid
lrkakg myiqhs'

ksy;udkS jkakg" .re lrkakg yd ie,ls,s olajkakg"
ish¨ ne|Sïj,ska ñfokakg" l%shdfjka yd is;=ú,af,ka msßisÿ
jkakg" kqjKe;s jkakg we;af;kau b;d wudreh';ukaf.a jerÈ ms<s.kakg wiSre jqK;a wkqkaf.a jerÈfmkajd fokakg kï myiqh' l,amkdfjka f;drj wkqkaf.ajerÈ m;=rejd yßñka ;udf.a mõ iÕjk ;eke;a;d ;ujeämqr odÿlegh iÕjk iQÿldrfhla jeksh'- 219 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

wyi l=re,a,l=f.a" ÿul fyda iq,Õl i,l=Kla ;nd
fkd.kS' múgq b.ekaùï nqoaO;ajh ,nd fkdfohs' fuf,dj
lsisjla iaÓr ke;' nqoaO;ajhg m;a is; lsisjlska fkdief,a'6'jxYdêm;sfhl= ;u ud,s.fha fodrgq uqrlr jkakdlafuka

is; ndysr iy wNHka;r Wjÿrej,ska /l .; hq;=hs' th
fudfyd;lgj;a fkdi,ld yeßh hq;= fkdfõ';udf.a iajdñhd ;uduh' /ljrK ,o hq;= lafIau N+ñh
;uduh' tneúka wka ish,a,gu u;af;ka ;ud md,kh lr.; hq;=h'f,!lsl ne|Sï yd ú,x.=j,ska ñ§ ksoyi ,eîfï uq,amshjrj,a jkafka ;udf.a is; md,kh lr .ekSu' iïmm%,dm
kj;d l,amkdldÍ ùuhs'iQhH_d Èjd l, wdf,dalu;a lrhs' i| rd;%sh w,xldr
lrhs' úkh rKúrejl=f.a Wodr Ndjh ÈhqKq lrhs' tfiau
Ndjkdj nqoaO;ajh fidhkakd m%lg lrhs'- 220 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

wei" lK" kdih" Èj yd YÍrh hk mis÷rka /lj,a l<fkdyels ;eke;a;d ;u jgmsgdfjka le,öug m;afjhs'
tjekakl= nqoaO;ajh i|yd mqyqKqùug iqÿiq ke;' mis÷rka
keue;s fodrgq ukdf,i /lj,a lr is; md,kfha ;nd.;ake;e;a;dyg id¾:l f,i nqoaO;ajh i|yd mqyqKq úh yelsh'

7'

iajlSh reÑ wreÑlïj,g jy,ajk ;eke;a;d isÿùïj,w¾:h ksjerÈj jgyd .; fkdyelsj tajdg hg;afjhs'
iïnkaO;dj,ska ksoyia jk ;eke;a;d isÿùï ksjerÈ f,ijgyd.kakd w;r Tyqg yeu fohu kejqï yd w¾:j;a fjhs'

ikaf;daIh miqmi lK.dgqj ths' lK.dgqj miqmi
ikaf;daIh ths' ikaf;daIfha yd lK.dgqfõ iy fyd| fyda
krl l%shdj, fjki fkdolskúg hfula ksoyi hkq
l=ula±hs ±k.kS'

wkd.;h .ek is;d lrorùu fyda w;S;h .ek is;dÿlaùu yßhg ng,S lmd oud úhf,kag yeßhd jdf.ah'YÍrfhaiy

ukfia

ksfrda.Slfïryi

fuhhs'

w;S;h .ek fkd je,mSu wkd.;h .ek lror fkdùu fyda
lror
- 221 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdùu tfy;a j¾;udkh {dkjka;j yd
WfoHda.Su;aj .;lsÍu fõ'

w;S;fhaÔj;afkdjkak'wkd.;h.ek

isysk

fkdolskak' is; j¾;udk fudfyd; flfrys fhduq lrkak'

j¾;udkfha ;udg mejfrk hqq;=lï id¾:lj fyd¢ka
bgq lsÍu jà' tajd u.yeÍug fyda fygg l,a ±óug jEhïfkdlrkak' j¾;udkfha l%shd lsÍfuka flfkl=g fyd|ojila .; l< yelsh'nqoaêh fyd|u u.fmkajkakdhs' Y%oaOdj fyd|u i.hdhs'
kQ.;a nfõ iy fõokdfõ w÷ßka .e,ù nqoaO;ajfha wdf,dalh,nkag jEhï l< hq;=hs'ñksfil=f.a is; lh md,khg hg;aj ;nd we;akï Tyq
ta ms<sn| iodpdrd;aul l%shdj,§ idlaIs iemhsh hq;=hs' th
Y=oaO jQ hq;=luls' tl,ays Y%oaOdj Tyqf.a Okh jkq we;'
wjxllu Tyqf.a Ôú;hg ñysß rihla fokq we;' .=KO¾u/ialsÍu Tyqf.a mQckSh ldhH_ jkq we;'- 222 -

m%dfhda.sl id¾:l;ajfha u.

Ôjk .ufka § Y%oaOdj fmdaIKh fõ' iodpdr l%shd/ljrKh fõ' nqoaêh ojd,g wdf,dalh jkq we;' ksjerÈ
isysh rd;%shg /ljrKhla jkq we;' ñksil= msßisÿ Ôú;hla.; lrhs kï lsisjlska Tyq úkdY l< fkdyel' Tyq ;Kaydj
mrdch lf<a kï lsisjlska Tyqf.a ksoyig iSudjla we;sfkdfõ'

ish mjq, fjkqfjka ;ud .ek wu;l l< hq;= fõ' ish.ïudkh fjkqfjka ;u mjq, wu;l l< hq;= fõ' ish cd;shfjkqfjka .u wu;l l< hq;= fõ' nqoaO;ajh fjkqfjka yeu
fohu wu;l l< hq;= fõ'ish¨fohu fjkiajk iq¿h' iEu fohu we;sù ke;sfjhs'
Ôú;fha iy urKfha ÿl miqlr hk ;=re flfkl=g wiSñ;
jQ iduh ,eìh fkdyelsh'- 223 -

Y%djl iudch

m<uqfjks mßÉfÊoh

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï
I
wk.dßl NslaIQyq

1'

uf.a Y%djlfhl= ùug leu;s ;eke;a;d ish mjq,"idudðl Ôú;h yd jia;=j yd we;s ish¨ r|d mej;Sï .ek
we;s ish¨ iïnkaO;d w;yeÍug leu;s úh hq;=h'O¾uh fjkqfjka tjeks iïnkaO;d w;ay, lh fyda is;i|yd neÿKq ;ekla ke;s ;eke;a;d uf.a Y%djlhl= jk w;r
Tyq wk.dßl NslaIqjla f,i y÷kajkq ,nhs'

uf.a mshjr u;=fhys .uka l<;a" uf.a we÷ï wekao;aTyqf.a is; ;Kaydfjka le<ö we;akï Tyq uf.ka fndfyda
wE;h' Tyq NslaIqjl f,i wekao;a O¾uh fkdms<s.kS kï Tyq
ud olskafka ke;'tfy;a ish¨ ;Kayd ÿ/r is; ks¾u,j yd iduldój;nd.kafka kï Tyq ie;mqï oyila ÿr isáh;a ug b;d <xfõ'
Tyq O¾uh ms<s.;af;d;a t;=<ska ud olskq we;'- 226 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

2'

uf.a Y%djlhka jQ wk.dßl NslaIQyq" isõ jeoEreï

kshuhka ms<smeo Tjqkaf.a Ôú; ta u; f.dv kexúh hq;=h'm<uqj Tõyq bj; ouk ,o mrK we÷ï fmrj;s' fojkqj
ms~q isÕd hdfuka ish wdydr ,nd .ks;s' ;=kafjkqj Tjqkaf.a
ksjyk jkafka ? jqK ia:dkfha we;s .ila uq, fyda .,lau;h' i;rjkqj Tõyq uQ;%j,ska ix>hd úiska idok ,o úfYaI
T!IOhla muKla mdúÉÑ lr;s'

md;%h w;ska f.k f.kaf.g hEu isÕk Ôú;hls' kuq;aix>hd tfia lsÍug wkHhka úiska fmd<Ujd ke;' isÿùï
ksid fyda n,j;a fm<Uùula ksid fyda tfia lrkakg n,mEïlr ke;' Tyq tfia lrkafka ish ksoyia leue;af;ks'ulaksid o Y%oaOdjka; Ôú;h ;ud Ôú;fha ish¨ uq,djkaf.ka
wE;a lrk nj" ish¨ fõokdjka u. yrjk nj nqoaO;ajhg u.
fmkajk nj Tyq okakd neúks'

wk.dßl NslaIqjlf.a Ôú;h myiq tlla fkdfõ' Tyqg
ish is; ;Kaydfjka yd oafõIfhka ksoyia lr.; fkdyels
kï mis÷rka fyda is; md,kh lr.; fkdyels kï ta Ôú;hNdr .; hq;= ke;'

- 227 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

3';ud wk.dßl NslaIqjla jYfhka úYajdi lrk hï

mqoa.,fhl=g ta .ek úuik m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re §ug mq¿jka
úh hq;=hs' Tyqg fufia lshkag yels úh hq;=h' —wk.dßl
NslaIqjl ùu i|yd wjYH ´kEu fohla Ndr .ekSug uu
leu;s fjñ' uu wjxlj tu wruqKq bgqlr .ekSug jEhïlrñ' ug okafok whg uu lD;{jk w;r" hym;a ydWkkaÿfjka hq;= Ôú;hla .; lsÍfuka Tjqka i;=gq lrkag
W;aidy lrñ'˜

wk.dßl NslaIqjla ùu i|yd mqyqKq úh hq;= úê lSmhla
fjhs' ;ud wiu;a jkúg ,Êcdjg yd wf.!rjhg ixfõ§ úh
hq;=h' Tyqf.a Ôú;h msßisÿjkag kï Tyqf.a is; lh jpkh
msßisÿj ;nd .; hq;=hs' ish mis÷rka kue;s fodrgq /lj,a l<
hq;=hs' iuyr wyUq mS%;S fjkqfjka ish isf;a md,kh ke;slr
fkd.; hq;=hs' Tyq ;ud j¾Kkd lrfkd.; hq;= w;r wkqkag
kskaod fkdl< hq;=h' wêl kskaog fyda w,injg mqreÿ
fkdúh hq;=h'iekaoEhdfï

u|laksYap,jys|f.kNdjkdfhda.Sj

miqjkag fõ,djla ;sìh hq;=h' kskaog fmr u|la ilauka l<
hq;=h' iqjodhl kskaola ,nkag kï ish mdohka tlg ;nd
ol=Kq we,hg yeÍ ksod.; hq;=jk w;r" wjidk is;sú,a, úhhq;af;a miqod WoEik wjÈ úh hq;= fõ,dj ms<sn|jhs' Wfoa
- 228 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

mdkaoßkau uola ksYap, Ndjkdfhda.Sj ys| miqj flá
ilaukl fhÈh hq;=h'uq¿ ojiu mÍlaIdldÍ is;la mj;ajd .; hq;=h' is; lh
md,kh

fldg

;Kaydj"oafõIh"fudavlu"

ksÈu;"

wkjOdkh" miq;eú,a," ielh iy ish¨ f,!lsl wdYdjkag
fhduqjk is;sú,s u.yeßh hq;=h'

fufia is; tlÕ nfjys ;ndf.k" úYsIag m%{dj jvjd
f.k iïmQ¾K nqoaO;ajh ,nkakg b,lal l< hq;=h'4'

wk.dßl NslaIqjla ;ud .ek wu;l ù ;Kaydj" oafõIh"wukdmh" B¾IHdj" jxpdj" wd;au-m%Yxikh fyda jxl Ndjhg
m;ajqjfyd;a Tyq yßhg ;=ks frÈ lvlska jik ,o fome;a;ulefmk uqjy;a lvqjla f.k hkakl= jf.ah'

NslaIqjlf.a we÷ï ye| md;%hla w;ska .;a mu‚ka Tyq
wk.dßl NslaIqjl njg m;a fkdfõ' mQckSh .%ka: .dhkd
lsÍfuka muKla Tyq wk.dßl NsËqjla fkdfõ' Tyq mUhl=
ñi wka = lsisfjla fkdfj;s'- 229 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

Tyqf.a ndysr fmkqu NslaIqjl fuka jqj;a Tyqg f,!lsl
wdYd ;=rka l< fkdyel' Tyq wk.dßl NslaIqjla fkdfõ' Tyq
isjqfrka ieriqk l=vd orefjl=g jvd jeä flfkla fkdfõ'is; tlÕ lr.; yels md,kh lr.; yels wh" nqoaêh
/ialr.;a wh" f,!lsl wdYd ;=rka l< wh" tfukau
nqoaO;ajh ,eîuu tlu mrud¾:h lr.;a wh muKlau ienE
wk.dßl NslaIQka f,i ye|skaúh yelsh'

ienE wk.dßl NslaIqj ;u wefÕa wjidk f,a ìkaÿj
ke;sù .sh;a" weg l=vqlr oukq ,enQj;a ish chlKqj jk
nqoaO;ajh lrd <Õdùug wêIaGdkh lr .kS' tjeks ñksfila
iEu W;aidyhlau ord wjidkfha ish chlKqj lrd ths'
wk.dßl NslaIqjf.a mqKH lghq;= lsÍfï ish yelshdj idlaIs
imhhs'

5'

wk.dßl

NslaIqjlf.a

O¾u¥;

fufyh

kï

nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾ufha wdf,dalh bÈßhg f.k hduhs' Tyq
iEu fofkl=gu oï foish hq;=h' ksod isákjqka wjÈ l<hq;=h' jerÈ woyia ksjerÈ l< hq;=h' ksje/È oDIaáhla
we;sùug ñksiqkag wdOdr l< hq;=h' ;u Ôú;h mrÿjg ;ndO¾uh m;=rjkq ms‚i iEu;eku hd hq;=hs'- 230 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

wk.dßl NslaIqjlf.a O¾u¥; fufyh myiq lghq;a;lafkdfõ' ta i|yd m%d¾:kd lrk mqoa.,hd nqÿkajykafiaf.awe÷ï we| nqÿkajykafiaf.a wiqfka ys| nqÿkajykafiaf.al=áhg we;=¿ úh hq;=h'nqÿkajykafiaf.a we÷ï we£u hkq ksy;udkS ùu yd
bjiSu mqyqKq lsÍuhs' nqoaOdikfha ys| .ekSu hkq rEmh widr
jYfhka oelSu yd ne|Sïj,ska f;drùuhs' nqÿkajykafiaf.al=áhg we;=¿ùu hkafkka yeÕfjkafka iEu fohu je<|.;anqÿkajykafiaf.a lreKdj yd iEu flfkl= flfrysu ohdj±laùuhs'6'nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾uh b.ekaùug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk

wh lreKq 4 la .ek ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h' m<uq jekak" Tjqka
ish yeisÍu .ek ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h' fojekak ;uka wka
whg O¾uh lshd fokúg yd yuqjk úg Tjqkaf.a jpk
f;dard.ekSu .ek ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h' ;=kafjkqj Tjqkaf.aO¾uh b.ekaùfï wruqK yd iïmQ¾K lr .ekSug hk
wjidkh .ek ie,lsh hq;=h' isõfjkqj uyd lreKdj ms<sn|ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h'fyd| O¾u wdpdhH_jrfhl= jkakg kï wk.dßl NslaIqj
m<uqj ;u fomd uekúka bjiSu kue;s ìfuys ;nd.; hq;=h'- 231 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

Tyq ksryxldr úh hq;=h' Tyq wka;jd§ fyda m%isoaêhg wdYd
fkdúh hq;=h' ish,af,ys we;s ysia nj .ek ks;r is;sh hq;=hs'lsisu fohlg fkdne|sh hq;=h' Tyq fufia ie,ls,su;a jkafkakï Tyqg ksjerÈ f,i yeisßh yel'fojkqjTyqñksiqkaydwjia:djka

fj;

hEfï§

mfriaiï úh hq;=hs' múgq fukau n,j;a ñksiqka u.yeßh
hq;=h' úreoaO ,sx.slhka u.yeßh hq;=hs' Tyq ñksiqka iïuqL
úh hq;af;a ñ;% ,S,dfjks' ieufohu fya;= m%;Hhka wkqj
we;sjk nj Tyq ks;ru u;l ;nd.; hq;=h' tu ldrKfhys
msysgd Tyq wkHkag fodaIdfrdamK fkdl< hq;=h' Tjqkaf.ajerÈ .ek l:d fkdl< hq;=h' ir, jQ iïudkhlska Tjqka
r|jd ;nd .; hq;=h';=kafjkqj Tyq nqÿkajykafia ish wdOHd;ñl mshdKka
f,i o nqoaO;ajh i|yd mqyqKqjk wka wk.dßl NslaIQka ;u.=rejreka fia o yeufok ms<sn|j lreKdfjka n,d ish uki
iduldój ;nd .; hq;=h' túg Tyqg ieufokdg iudkj
b.ekaúh yelsh'y;rfjkqj Tyq nqÿkajykafia o l< whqßka ish lreKdj
b;d by< uÜgulska úoyd oelaúh hq;=h' nqoaO;ajh fiùug
fkdokakd wh fj;g úfYaIfhkau ta lreKdj .,dhdug- 232 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

ie,eiaúh hq;=h' Tõyq nqoaO;ajh fidh;ajdhs me;sh hq;=h'Wkkaÿj wjÈ lsÍug jEhï lrñka tu me;=ï wkq.ukh l<
hq;=h'

II.sys wkq.dñlfhda
1'±kgu úia;r lr we;s mßÈ nqÿkajykafiaf.a Y%djlfhl=

ùug kï ;=kqrejka weoysh hq;=h' tkï" nqoaO" Oïu" ix>hkqhs'.sys wkq.dñlhl= jkakg kï nqÿkajykafia flfrys
fkdief,k Y%oaOdjla ;sìh hq;=hs' O¾uh weoysh hq;=hs'bf.k.; hq;=hs' is,a /lsh hq;=hs' ix> iudch wdorfhka /ln,d .; hq;=hs'.syswkq.dñlhka

mkais,a/lalhq;=hs'm%dK>d;fkdlsÍu" fidrlï fkdlsÍu" ldufha jrojd fkdyeisÍu"uqidjdo yd jxpd fkdlsÍu" u;aøjH mdúÉÑ fkdlsÍu hkqhs'.sys wkq.dñlhka ;=kqrejka weoySu yd is,a /lSu ;udg
muKla ;nd.ekSu m%udKj;a ke;' Tjqkag yels m%udKhg- 233 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

wkqka ,jd o úfYaIfhkau Tjqkaf.a ñ;=rka yd kEoEhka ;=<nqÿka oyï iÕ=ka flfrys fkdief,k Y%oaOdjla we;s lrkagjEhï lrñka is,a /lal úh hq;=h' túg nqÿkajykafiaf.a
lreKdj Tjqka o fnod .kq we;'.sys wkq.dñlhka ksrka;rfhka u;l ;nd .; hq;=
fohla kï Tjqka ;=kqrejka woykafka;a mkais,a rlskafka;awjidkfha § Tjqkag nqoaO;ajh ,nd .ekSug yelsjkq ms‚injhs' fï ksid Tjqka wdYdjkaf.ka hq;a f,dfjys Ôj;a jqj;atajdg jy,aùfuka je<lSug mqreÿ úh hq;=hs'.sys wkq.dñlhka ;ukag fldhs úgl fyda ;u foudmshka
yd mjq,aj,ska fjkaùug isÿjk nj;a" Wm; urKh iys;
fuf,dúka úfhdaùug isÿjk nj;a ks;ru u;l ;nd.;hq;=hs' tuksid Tjqka fuf,dfjys we;s fohg fkdne|S ;u is;úfhdaùula ke;s nqoaO;ajh flfrys fhduq l< hq;=h'2'.sys wkq.dñlhkag nqÿkajykafiaf.a foaYkd flfrys

WfoHda.S wp, Y%oaOdjla mqnqÿjd.kakg wjYH kï Tjqka
Tjqkaf.a is;a ;=< wp, ;ekam;a i;=g wjfndaO lr.; hq;=hs'
tu i;=g Tjqka yd;ami nn,ñka wdmiq ;uka foigu
mrdj¾;kh jkq we;'- 234 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

fuu Y%oaOdfjka hq;a is; ks¾u,h" uDÿh' ieuúgu
bjis,sjka;h' lsisúg jdo fkdlrhs' wkqkag fõokd f.k
fkdfohs' tfy;a ks;ru nqoaO" Oïu iy ix> hk ;=kqrejka
ms<sn| is;hs' fufia i;=g bfíu Tjqka is;a ;=< my< fõ'nqoaO;ajh i|yd wdf,dalh yeu ;eku fmkS hhs'

Tjqka Y%oaOdj ksid nqÿkajykafiaf.a yo ;=< fjfik
neúka Tjqyq wd;aud¾:ldó is;sú,af,ka je<fl;s' Tjqkaf.ajia;=j flfrys ne|Sfuka je<fl;s' tneúka ;uka úfõpkh
lr;ehs ìhla fyda tÈfkod Ôú;h .ek ;e;s .ekaula Tjqkag
fkdue;'

Tjqka nqÿkajykafiaf.a N+ñfhys Wm; ,eîu .ek úYajdi
lrk neúka wkd.; urKh .ek Tjqkag ìhla fkdue;'i;Hh yd O¾ufha mQckSh Ndjh .ek úYajdih ;nd isák
neúka Tjqyq ish is;=ú,s ksoyfia ks¾Nhj m%ldY lr;s'Tjqkaf.a is;a ohdfjka msÍ mj;sk neúka Tjqyq yeufoku
iudk f,i ols;s' ieugu iudk f,i ix.%y lr;s' Tjqkaf.a
is;a m%sh wm%sh Ndjfhka ñ§ ;sfnk neúka ´kEu hym;al%shdjla lsÍu i|yd wjYH f,i ta is;a ks¾u,j idOdrKji;=áka we;'- 235 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

Tjqka ÿmam;aj fyda fmdfydi;aj úiqj;a th Tjqkaf.a
Y%oaOdj jeäùug fjkila we;s fkdlrhs' ksy;udkS nj /l.;af;d;a" nqoaO O¾uhg .re lr;a kï l%shdfjka yd
jpkfhka .e,fma kï nqoaêfhka fufyh jkq ,efí kï is;m¾j;hla fuka fkdfi,afjk iq¨ kï Tjqyq nqoaO;ajh lrd
we;s ufÕys ksh; ÈhqKqjla ,n;s'tfiau Tjqkag ÿIalr jd;djrKhl" krl ys;a we;sñksiqkaw;rÔj;ajkakgisÿjkafka

kï"

Tjqka

fj;

nqÿkajykafia flfrys Y%oaOdjla /|S we;akï Tjqkag jvd
hym;a l%shd lsÍug uÕ fmkaúh yel'3'

tuksid flfkl= uq,skau nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾uh weiSugm%d¾:kd l< hq;=hs'nqoaO;ajh ,eîu i|yd .sksf.dvla ueÈka hd hq;= hehs
hfula Tyqg lsõfjd;a tfia lsÍug Tyq leu;s úh hq;=hs'nqÿkajykafiaf.a kduh weiSfuka ika;=Iaáhla ,efí'th .skafkka msreKq f,djla miqlr hdug ;rï jà'- 236 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

hfula nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾uh ms<sme§ug leue;s kï
wd;aud¾:ldó fyda uqrKavq fkdúh hq;=h' yeufokd flfrys
iudkj fyd| is;la we;slr .; hq;=h' .re lsÍug iqÿiq whg.re l< hq;=hs' i;aldr iqÿiq whg i;aldr l< hq;=hs'
ieufokdgu tldldr lreKdjka;lñka ix.%y l< hq;=hs'

fufia .sys wkq.dñlhka m<uqj ;u is;a mqyqKq l< hq;=w;r" wkqkaf.a l%shdj,ska l,n, fkd úh hq;=hs' fï wdldrhg
Tjqka nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾uh ,en" th ms<smeÈh hq;=hs'
wkHhkag B¾IHd fkdlr" Tjqkaf.a n,mEïj,g hg;a fkdù"fjk;a ud¾. .ek fkdis;d th l< hq;=h'nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾uh úYajdi fkdlrk whg mgq Ôú;oelaula we;sjd fiau ta ksid l,n, is;la o we;' tfy;a nqoaOO¾uh woykafkda iEu fofhys me;sreK uyd m%{djla yd uyd
lreKdjla woy;s' tu Y%oaOdj ksid Tõyq iq¨ fohska
fkdmelsf,;s'4'nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾uh wid th wjfndaOlr .kafkda

Tjqkaf.a Ôú; wks;H nj o Tjqkaf.a YÍr yqfola fõokdj,
tl;=jla muKla nj o ish¿ mdmhkag uQ,h nj o oks;s'tneúka" Tjqyq tajdg fkdnef|;s'- 237 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

ta iuÕu Tjqyq ;u YÍrh .ek fyd| ie,ls,a,laoelaùug w;miq fkdlr;s' tfia lrkafka YdÍßl j i;=gla,nd .ekSfï woyiska fkdfõ' m%{dj ,nd.ekSu i|yd o
wkHhkag u. fmkajd fok O¾u¥; ldhH_fha § o YÍrh;djld,sl jYfhka Wjukd jk neúks';u YÍr .ek hym;a ie,ls,a,la ±lajQfha ke;akï
Tjqkag jeäl,a Ôj;a úh fkdyel' Tjqka jeä l,la Ôj;afkd jqjfyd;a Tjqqkag fm!oa.,slj O¾uh mqyqKq lsÍug fyda
th wkHhkag ,nd§ug fkdyel'ñksfil=g .Õlska tf;r jkakg jqjukd kï Tyq ish
myqr .ek b;d ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h' Tyqg ÿr .ukla hkag
we;akï ish wYajhd .ek fyd|g ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h' tfiauñksfil= nqoaO;ajh fiùug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka kï ;uYÍrh .ek fyd| ie,ls,a,la ±laúh hq;=h'nqÿkajykafiaaf.a Y%djlhka we÷ï we|sh hq;af;a wêl
WIaK;ajfhka yd YS;f,ka je<lSug yd ú<sjid .ekSug ñiw,xldrh ms‚i fkdfõ'- 238 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

Tjqka wdydr wkqNj l< hq;af;a O¾uh wid ms<sme§u yd
th úia;r lsÍu i|yd YÍrh fmdaIKh lr .ekSug ñi yqÿ
ikaf;daIh i|yd fkdfõ'Tjqka nqoaO;ajh keue;s ksjfiys jdih l< hq;af;af,!lsl wdYd kue;s fidreka f.ka wdrlaId ùug yd múgqb.ekaùï keue;s iev iq<Õska wdrlaId ùugh' Tjqka ksji
Wmfhda.S lr.kafka tys i;H wruqK i|yd ñi wd;aud¾:ldó
l%shd m%o¾Ykh lsÍug fyda ieÕùug fyda fkdfõ'fufia hï flfkl=g yeu fohlu w.h uek tajdnqoaO;ajh yd O¾uh iïnkaOfhka muKla fhdod .; yelsúh
hq;=h' Tyq tajd ;nd .ekSug fyda wd;aud¾:h Wfoid tajdg
ne|Sug fkdis;sh hq;=h' O¾uh wkHhkag f.khdfï M,odhs
ldhH_h lsÍug tajdfha fiajh ,nd.; hq;=h'tuksid Tyq ish mjq, iu. úiqj;a Tyqf.a is; O¾uhg
jdiia:dkhlaúhhq;=h'

Tyq

Tjqka

.ek

nqoaêu;ayd

idkqlïmsl is;lska ie,ls,su;a fjñka Tjqkaf.a is;aj,
Y%oaOdj wjÈ lrjkq ms‚i fkdfhka ux fiúh hq;=hs'- 239 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

5'nqÿkajykafiaf.a msßfiys .sys Wmdil Wmdisldjka my;i|yka mdvï iEu Èklu W.; hq;=h' ;u foudmshkagie,lsh hq;af;a flfia o@ ;u wUqorejka iuÕ Ôj;ajkafka
flfia

o@

;uka

md,kh

lr

.kafkaflfia

o@nqÿkajykafiag i,lkafka flfia o hkqhs';u foudmshkag Wiiau whqßka ie,lSug kï Tjqka il,i;aj j¾.hd flfrysu lreKdj me;srùu m%.=K lsÍug b.k.; hq;=hs' ;u wUqorejka iuÕ i;=áka Ôj;ajkakg kï Tjqka
ish¨ lduql is;sú,s yd wd;aud¾: iqLúyrKj,ska wE;a úhhq;=h'

mjq,a Ôú;fha ix.S;hg ijka fok w;r O¾ufha jvdñysß ix.S;hg ijka §ug wu;l fkdl< hq;=h' ksjfia/ljrKh ,nk w;ru Tjqka ks;ru nqoaêu;a ñksiqka ish¨ÿIapß;j,ska yd ndOdj,ska ñ§u m;k jvd;a wdrËs;/ljrKhla jQ Ndjkdj m%.=K l< hq;=h'.syshka okafok úg ish¨ ;Kayd yoj;ska bj;a l<hq;=h' Tjqka msßia ueo isák úg is;a nqoaêu;=ka weiqfrys;nd.; hq;=h' Tjqka wjdikdjlg uqyqK fokúg ;u is;a;ekam;aj ndOdfjka f;drj ;nd.; hq;=h'- 240 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

Tjqka nqÿkajykafiaf.a irK m;k úg Wka jykafiaf.am%{dj fidhd hd hq;=h'Tjqka O¾ufha irK m;k úg m%{dfõ id.rhla n÷ tysi;Hh fidhd hd hq;=h'Tjqka ix>hdf.a irK m;kúg wd;aud¾:fhka ndOd
fkdjQ tys iduldó wkq.dñl;ajh fidhd hd hq;=hs'

Tjqka we÷ï w|sk úg ksy;udkS nfõ yd hym;a nfõwe÷u o we£ug wu;l fkdl< hq;=hs';udg úuqla;sh ,nd.ekSug wjYH kï ish¨ ;Kayd"oafõI" fuday wdÈfhka is;a uqod .ekSug is;sh hq;=hs'

Tjqka l÷lr mdrl mßY%ufhka .ufkys fh§ isák úg
is;sh hq;af;a th ;uka uq,dfjka msß f,dúka tydg f.k
hEug we;s nqoaO;ajhg we;s mdrla njh' Tjqka myiq mdrl
jvd myiqfjka .uka .kakd úg nqoaO;ajh lrd jvd fyd|ÈhqKqjla ,eîug tys myiq ;eka m%fhdackhg .; hq;=hs'- 241 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

Tjqka md,ula olsk úg ñksiqka tf.dv lsÍug O¾u
md,ula ;ekSug me;sh hq;=hs'

Tjqka ÿlg m;a ñksfil= yuqjk úg fï ks;s fjkiajk
f,dj we;s wñysß iajNdjh .ek je<msh hq;=h'Tjqka ;Kaydêl ñksil= olsk úg fuf,dj we;suq,djkaf.ka ñ§ ienE iïm;ska hq;a nqoaO;ajh ,nd.kag
n,j;a jqjukdjla we;slr .; hq;=hs'

Tjqka m%Œ; wdydrhla olsk úg is; /lj,a l< hq;=hs'kSri wdydrhla olsk lEorlu kej; fkdtajd hs me;sh hq;=hs'.sïydkfha ;o WKqiqï ld,fha§ f,!lsl wdYd kue;s.skafkka ñ§ nqoaO;ajfha kejqï isys,i ,nkakg me;sh hq;=h'
YS; iD;=fõ bjish fkdyels iS;, ld,fha§ nqÿkajykafiaf.a
uyd lreKdfõ WKqiqu .ek is;sh hq;=h'wd.ñl .%ka: .dhkd lrkúg Tjqka tajd wu;lfkdùug wêIaGdk lr.; hq;= w;r tajd Ndú;fha fh§ug o;rfha is;d .; hq;=h'- 242 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

Tjqka nqÿkajykafia .ek isyslrk úg Wka jykafiaf.an÷ fk;a folla ,eîug oeä f,i me;sh hq;=h'rd;%S ksod.kakg hkúg ;u lh" jpkh yd is;
ks¾u,j yd m%fndaOu;aj ;sfíjdhs me;sh hq;=h' Tjqka WoEikwjÈjk úg Tjqkaf.a m<uq me;Su úh hq;af;a oji mqrdu ish¨
foh f;areï .; yels meyeÈ,s is;la ;sfíjd hs hkakhs'

6'

ish,a, widr núka hqla;h hkak f;areï .ekSu ksidnqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾uh ms<smÈkafkda ñksfil=f.a Ôú;hg
msúfikfoaj,aiq¿fldg

fkd;l;s'

tfy;a

tajd

tk

iajrEmfhka Ndr.ks;s' tfukau tajd nqoaO;ajh i|yd iqÿiq
WmlrK njg m;a lr .ekSug W;aidy or;s'nqoaO;ajh iys; f,dj w¾:fhka yd idufhka msÍ mj;soa§
fï f,dj w¾: úrys; wjq,ska msreKq tllehs fkdis;sh hq;=h'Bg jvd Tjqka fï f,dj yeu lghq;a;la ;=<skau nqoaO;ajh ú|.; hq;=hs'ñksfil= wúoHdfjka w÷re jQ wmsßisÿ oEilska fï f,dj
foi n,kafka kï th jerÈj,ska msreK tlla f,i Tyq- 243 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

olshs' tfy;a Tyq ks¾u, m%{dfjka hq;=j fuf,dj foi
ne¨fjd;a Tyq th olskafka nqoaO;ajh iys; f,dalh f,ihs'

tlla fyd| fyda krl hkqfjka yd w¾:j;a fyda w¾:j;ake;s hkqfjka fyda f,dal folla ke;' ldrKh thhs' ishfjkiaj olsk .;sh ksid yqfola f,dal folla we;s f,iñksiaiq is;;s'fï fjkialï lsÍïj,ska .e,fjkag Tjqkag yels kïnqoaêfha wdf,dalfhka is; ks¾u,j ;nd .ekSug Tjqkag
yelskï yeu fofhysu w¾:j;a Ndjhla we;s tl f,djla
Tjqka olskq we;'7'nqÿkajykafia woykafkda yeu fofhysu mj;akd fuuúYajuh talSh;ajfha ks¾u, Ndjh wjfndaO lr .ks;s' tu
ukfiys Tjqkag yeufokd ms<sn|ju lreKdjla oefkhs'
tfukau ish,a,kg fiajh lsÍug ksy;udkS wdl,amhla
Tjqkag we;s fõ'

tuksid

Tjqka

isf;a

we;s

udkh

bj;a

fldg

ksy;udkSlu jvjd .; hq;=hs' wdpdrYS,SNdjh yd fiajhg- 244 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

,eÈlu we;s lr.; hq;=hs' Tjqkaf.a is; wmlaImd;S f,i ieu
fohu

fmdaIKhmeñ‚,sj,ska

lrk

f;drj

fmdf<dj

fiajh

bgq

fuka

úh

hq;=hs'lrñka

bjis,su;aj"

WfoHda.su;aj" ÿ.S ñksiqkag Woõ lsÍfuka Tjqkaf.a is;aj,
nqoaO O¾ufha ìcqjg jemsÍfuka Wiia;u i;=g ,nd .kakd
is;a w;slr .; hq;=h'

fufia ÿmam;=ka flf¾ lreKdj we;s is; ish¨fokdg
ujl fuka fjhs' th ish¿ ñksiqkag .re lrhs' ish¨fokdu
iajlSh ñ;=rka f,i i,lhs' udmshkag fuka Tjqkag .relrhs'

tuksid oyia .Kkla fokd fn!oaO .sys wkq.dñlhka
flfrys krl yd ±ä yeÕSï we;s lr .;a;;a uyd id.rhg±uQ ji ìkaÿjla fuka bka ydkshla we;s l< fkdyelsh'

8'isysm;a lsÍfï m%;HdfõËd lsÍfï yd ia;=;sjka; ùfïmqreÿj,ska .sys wkq.dñlhkag i;=gla ú|.; yelsh' Tyq ;u
Y%oaOdj nqÿkajykafiaf.a lreKdju nj o th nqÿkajykafiaúiska ;ukag msßkud we;s nj o f;areï .kS'

- 245 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

f,!lsl wdYd keue;s ufvys Y%oaOdfõ ìcqjg fkdue;sh'tfy;a nqÿkajykafiaf.a lreKdj ksid Y%oaOdfõ ìcqjg tys
jemsßh yelsh' tajd nqÿkajykafia flfrys Y%oaOdjla we;sjk;=re is; msßisÿ lrkq we;'uq,ska lS mßÈ iqj|e;s i÷ka .i tr~q jkfha fkdjefâ'
tmßoafokau fuday yojf;ys nqÿkajykafia flfrys Y%oaOdj
kue;s ìcqjg fkdjefâ'

tfy;a ieneúkau fidïkfia u,a tys msfma' b;ska wms
ks.ukh l< hq;af;a fudayfha yoj; ;=< u,a yg.kakd úg
tajdfha uq,a we;af;aa wka ;ekl njhs' tkï tajdfha uq,awe;af;a nqÿkajykafiaf.a yojf;ysh'.sys wkq.dñlfhla wd;aud¾:ldó jqjfyd;a Tyq B¾IHd"
ffjr" wk;=reodhl Ndjhkag m;afõ' ulaksid o h;a Tyqf.a
is; ;Kaydfjka" oafõIfhka yd fudayfhka ¥Is; ù we;sneúks' tfy;a Tyq nqÿkajykafia fj;g meñ‚fha kï uq,ska
lS mßÈ úYd, fiajhla lrhs' we;af;kau th lsj fkdyels;rïh'- 246 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

IIIi;H Ôjk ud¾.hg m%dfhda.sl u. fmkaùula

1'

úm;a meñfKkafka kef.kysßka fyda ngysßka hhs is;SujerÈh' tajd yg.kafka ;udf.au isf;ah' tu ksid úm;aje<elaùug ndysr f,dalfhys /lj,a fh§u fukau we;=¿ is;md,kfhka f;drj ;nd .ekSu wkqjK luls'

idudkH ñksiqka wo mjd ms<smÈk tla;rd mer‚
pdß;%hla we;' Tjqyq WoEik msì§ uqyqK lg fidaod f.k ihÈidjg- tkï kef.kysr" niakdysr" W;=r" ol=K" Wv iy hgkuialdr lr;s' fufia lsÍfuka Tjqka m%d¾:kd lrkafka ta
tl o Èidjlska j;a úm;a fkdmeñK iduldó ojilaWodfõjd hkqfjks'

kuq;a nqÿoyfï fuh óg fjkia f,i b.ekafjhs'
nqÿkajykafia W.kajkafka i;Hfha ih Èidjg .refldg
kqjKe;s iy .=Kj;a f,i yeisÍ thska ish¨ úm;a ÿrelr
.kakghs'- 247 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lïfï ih Èidfõ fodrgq /lj,a lsÍug ñksiqka i;rwdldr l¾u laf,aY ÿre l< hq;=hs' i;r wdldr mõ is;a ^i;rw.;s& j,ska je<lsh hq;=hs' jdiia:dkh iy Okh kik ih
wdldr isÿre jeish hq;=hs'i;r wdldr l¾ulaf,aIj,ska woyia jkafka m%dK>d;h"fidrlu" ldu ñ:Hdpdrh iy uqidjdohhs'

isõ jeoEreï múgq is; kï ;Kaydj" oafõIh" fudavlu
iy Nhhs'

Okh kik isÿre ih kï u;amekg we;s wdYdj yd
fudav f,i l%shd lsÍu" rd;%sfha fndfyda fõ,djla ksÈjrñka
is; ksIaM, l%shdj, fhoùu" ix.S; kdgH wdÈfhys f,d,aùu"iQÿ l%Svd lsÍu" múgq ñ;=rka weiqre lsÍu iy ;udg wh;ahq;=lï meyer yeÍuhs'by; lS i;r wdldr múgq l%shd w;yer isf;ys múgq
wjia:d y;r ke;slr kdia;sh we;slrk ih jeoEreï isÿre
jid ouk nqÿkajykafiaf.a Y%djl f;u ih Èidjg kuialdr
lrhs'- 248 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

fuu

i;HfhaiÈidjkayh

fudkjdo@tajdkï

kef.kysr hkq foudmshka yd orejkaf.a Èidjhs' ol=K
hkq .=rejre iy YsIHhkaf.a Èidjhs' niakdysr hkq ieñhka
yd ìßhkaf.a Èidjhs' W;=r hkq mqoa.,hd iy Tyqf.a
ñ;=rkaf.a Èidjhs' hg hkq iajdóka yd fiajlhkaf.a Èidjhs'
Wv hkq nqÿkajykafiaf.a Y%djlhkaf.a Èidjhs'

m<uqj" kef.kysr ÈYdj jYfhka i,lk fouõmshka
iy orejka w;r; iïnkaOh ie,lSfï §" orejd úiska
uõmshka fj; hq;=lï myla l< hq;=h' tkï Tjqkag ie,lsh
hq;=h' ^fmdaIKh l< hq;=h'& Tjqkaf.a lghq;= l< hq;=h'l=,jxYh /lsh hq;=h' mjqf,a odhdoh /lsh hq;=h' ñh .sh miq
Tjqka fjkqfjka msxoyï l< hq;=h'fouõmshka úiska orejka fjkqfjka hq;=lï myla l<hq;=h' orejka múka je<elaúh hq;=h' hymf;ys fhoúh hq;=h'
orejdg Ys,am Ydia;% b.ekaúh hq;=h' újdyhla lrÈh hq;=h'iqÿiq ld,fha § oEjeoao mjrd Èh hq;=h' fï lreKq wkq.ukh
lrkafka kï kef.kysr ÈYdj jYfhka .efkk fouõmsh
¥orejkaf.a iïnkaO;dj iduldó iy m%S;su;a jkafkah'

B<Õg .=reYsIH iïnkaOfha§ YsIHhd .=rejrhd tkúg
wiqkska ke.sáh hq;=h' .=rejrhdg Wmia:dk l< hq;=h'- 249 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

.=rejrhdg fyd|ska weyqïlï Èh hq;=h' .=rejrhdg ;E.s §uw;miq fkdl< hq;=h' .=rejrhdf.a b.ekaùï f.!rjfhka
hq;=j ,nd.; hq;=h'

m%;s

Wmldr

jYfhka.=rejrhd

YsIHhduekúkayslaujkafkah' ;ud okakd ish¨ foa YsIHhdg W.kajkafkah'kïnqkdu iy m%;s,dNhka ,nd.ekSug o yeu;kays f.!rj,eîug o YsIHhdg u. mdod fokafkah' fï whqßka ol=Kq ÈYdjjYfhka .efkk .=re YsIH iïnkaO;dj iduldó iy m%S;su;ajkafkah'

B<Õg

ngysr

ÈYdj

jYfhka.efkk

wUqieñ

iïnkaO;djfha§ iajdñhd ìß|g f.!rjfhka lreKdfjka iyúYajdifhka ie,lsh hq;=h' hï hï ;SrK .ekSug NdrÈh
hq;=h' tfukau wehg ;E.s fnda. Èh hq;=h' ìß| wehf.a ish¨lghq;= fyd|ska l< hq;=h' mjqf,a idudðlhskaf.a wjYH;dms<sn| fhfokafkah' weh ieñhdg úYajdijka;shla jkafkah'
mjqf,ajia;=jrlskafkah'

mjqf,alghq;=

fyd|skaisÿlrkafkah' fï whqßka ngysr ÈYdj jYfhka .efkk
wUqieñ iïnkaO;dj iduldó iy m%S;su;a jkafkah'

B<Õg

W;=re

ÈYdj

jYfhkaie,flkys;ñ;=reiïnkaOfha§ ;u ñ;=rdf.a w.ysÕlï imqrd Èh hq;=h' Tjqkg- 250 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

lreKdfjka l:d l< hq;=h' Tjqkaf.a hym; i|yd lghq;=
l< hq;=h' iEu wjia:djl§u Tjqka ms<sn| ie,ls,su;aùu iy
wjxlj ie,lsh hq;=h'ñ;=frda m%;s Wmldr jYfhka ish ñ;=rd jerÈj,gjeàfuka j,laj;s' m%udohl§ Tyqf.a Okh rls;s' .eg¨jl§
Tyqg weyqïlï fo;s' lrorhl§ msysg fj;s' tfukau wjYHúgl§ Tyqf.a mjq,g Wmldr lr;s' fï whqßka W;=re ÈYdjjYfhka .efkk ñ;=re iïnkaO;dj iduldó iy m%S;su;ajkafkah'

B<Õg

hg

ÈYdj

jYfhka .efkk

iajdñ fiajliïnkaOfha§ iajdñhd ish fiajlhka yd lghq;= lsÍfï§ my;i|yka lreKq my wkq.ukh l< hq;=h' fiajlhkaf.ayelshdj wkqj lghq;= mejßh hq;=h' fyd| wdydr iy
m%udKj;a jegqmla Èh hq;=h' rij;a wdydr Tjqka iuÕ fnod
f.k lE hq;=h' tfukau iqÿiq wjia:dj, § ksjdvq ,nd Èhhq;=h'

fiajlhd m%;s Wmldr jYfhka my; i|yka lreKq
isysfha ;ndf.k ;u iajdñhdg fiajdj iemhsh hq;=h'iajdñhdg m%:u Wfoa wjÈ úh hq;=h' iajdñhdg miqj kskaog hd
hq;=h' iEu úgu wjxl úh hq;=h' ish jefvys oCI úh hq;=h'- 251 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

iajdñhdf.a kug le,,la fkdl< hq;=h' fï whqßka hg ÈYdjjYfhka .efkk iajdñ fiajl iïnkaO;dj iduldó iy
m%S;su;a jkafkah'

B<Õg Wv ÈYdj jYfhka ie,flk oyï foik uyK
nuqKka ms<sn| iïnkaO;djfha§ ldhsl jdpisl iy udkisl
uy;a jQ f.!rjfhka hq;=j Tjqkag ie,lsh hq;=h' Tjqka
lreKdfjka ms<s.; hq;=h' Tjqkaf.a b.ekaùïj,g weyqïlï§tajd wkq.ukh l< hq;=h' tfukau Tjqkag wjYHfoa mQcd l<hq;=h'

fuhg m%;sWmldr jYfhka uyK nuqfKda tu odhlhka
múka j<laj;s' hymf;ys fhdoj;s' hym;a jQ yoj;skau
lreKdj olaj;s' .=KO¾u W.kaj;s' O¾uh ukdj wjfndaO
lrj;s' tfukau m%S;su;a Wm;lg u. fmkaj;s' fufiaWvÈYdj jYfhka .efkk wd.ñl iïnkaO;dj iduldó iy
m%S;su;a jkafkah'iÈid kuialdr lrk ñksid th l< hq;af;a ndysr
úm;aj,ska ñ§u ms‚i fkdfõ' Tyq th lrkafka ish is;
wNHka;rfhka mek k.sk mõlï je<elaùug m%fõiï ùu
ms‚ihs'- 252 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

2'ñksid ;ud ñ;%lï mj;ajkakka w;=ßka wdY%h l< hq;=ljqre o@ wdY%h fkdl< hq;= ljqre o@ hkak y÷kd.; hq;=h'iud.ï fkdmeje;aúh hq;= wh jkafka ;Kaydêl" jdpd,"
pdgqnia fodvjkakka yd kdia;s lrejkah'

iud.ï meje;aúh hq;= wh jkafka Wmldr lsÍug leu;s"i;=g fukau ÿl o fnod .ekSug leue;s" fyd| wjjdo fok
idkqlïmsl yoj;la we;s whhs'

fyd|ska wdY%h l< hq;= ienE ñ;%hd ks;ru ksjerÈ uf.ys
we,S isà' ñ;%hdf.a hym; .ek ryiska lror fjhs' úmf;a §Tyq ikihs' wjYH úgl Tyqg Woõ lrhs' ñ;=rdf.a ryia rlshs'
ks;ru ñ;=rdg hym;a wjjdo fohs'

fujeks ñ;=frl= fidhd .ekSu myiq ke;' tuksid ;ud
fujeks ñ;=rl= ùug fndfyda W;aidy l< hq;=h' iQhH_hd
uyfmdf<dj WKqiqï lrkafka hï fia o tfiau fyd| ñ;=rd
ish hym;a l%shdj,ska iudcfha nn,hs'- 253 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

3'

foudmshkaf.a wmuK ohdjg l<.=K ie,lSu mqf;l=g

l< fkdyels fohla jkag mq¿jk' mshd ol=Kq Wrysfia;a" uõjï Wrysfia;a ;ndf.k ishla wjqreoaola .uka l<;a th
fkdl< yels fõ'
ishla wjqreÿ ld,hla ;u fouõmshkaf.a isrere iqj|
ú,jqkaj,ska kEjqj;a th l< fkdyelsh' Tjqka isxydikhl
ys÷jd f,dj we;s ish¨ iqfLdamfNda.S foa Tjqkag ,nd ÿkak;afoudmshkag we;s uyd Kfhka ksoyia úh fkdyelsh'tfy;a Tyq foudmshka nqÿkajykafia fj;g fhduqfldg
nqoaO O¾uh Tjqkag myod § jerÈ l%shdj,ska ñfokag Tjqka
fmd<Ujd ksjerÈ u. wkq.ukh lrjd ;Kaydj ÿre lsÍug
iy mß;Hd.fhka i;=gqùug Tjqka mqyqKq lf<d;a Tjqkag
l<.=K oelaùug;a jvd jeäh'fouõmshkag

f.!rj

iïudk

olajk

ksjila;=<nqÿkajykafiaf.a wdYs¾jdoh mj;shs'4'mjq, hkq tlsfkldf.a is;a tlsfkld yd nef|kia:dkhls' fï is;a tlsfkldg wdorh lrkafka kï ksji u,aWhkla fuka ,iaik fjhs' tfy;a fï is;aj,ska iu.sh ke;sjqjfyd;a th tu Whfkys uy;a úkdYhla isÿl< ieviq<Õla
jekak'- 254 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

mjq,lwiu.shwe;sjqjfyd;a

wks;a

whg

fodia

fkdmjid ;udf.au is; úuid n,d ksjerÈ uf.a hd hq;=h'5'

tla fndfyda Y%oaOdjka; ñksfyla isáfhah' Tyq l=vd

l,u mshd ñh .sfhah' Tyq blaì;s uj iuÕ i;=áka úiSh'miqj Tyq ìß|la újdy lr .;af;ah'

Tjqyq uq,§ i;=áka isáhy' kuq;a miqj lsishï iq¿ jerÈwjfndaOhla

ksid

ìß|

yd

kekaoïud

w;rwi;=glayg.;af;ah' fï wi;=g ÈhqKq ù wjidkfha uj ;reK hqj,
w;yer ;ksfhka Ôj;aùug kslau .shdh'

kekaoïud kslau .shdg miqj ;reK hqj,g mqf;labmÿfKah' f,a,sh lshQ lg l:djla kekaoïudg wikag,enq‚' tkï —uf.a kekaoïud ks;ru ug ysßyer l<d' wE wm
iu. bkakd;=re lsis hym;la isÿjqfKa kE' wE .shd ú;rhs
wmg fï i;=gq odhl isÿùu jqKd'˜fï wdrxÑfhka fldamhg m;a kekaoïud fufia lSjdh'—;u iajdñhdf.a uj f.oßka t,jd ±ïudg miqj f.or fyd|isÿùï fjkjd kï O¾ñIaglu fï f,dúka ke;sù .shd úhhq;=h'˜- 255 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

blaì;s uj fufia uqr .Ejdh' —±ka b;ska wm fïO¾ñIaglfï u<.u mej;aúh hq;=hs'˜ Wu;= .eye‚hl fuka
iqidk N+ñhg .sh weh wjux.,hla meje;aùug iQodkï jQjdh'

fï nj weiQ bkaø foúhd wE bÈßmsg my< ù wehg
lreKq f;areï lr§ug ;e;a l<;a m,la jQfha ke;'túg bkaø foúhd wehg fufia lsfõh' —tfykï uu ta
uj;a orejd;a mq¿iaid oukakï' t;fldg Tn ;Dma;su;afjkjd o@˜

th weiQ kekaoïud ish jro jgyd f.k ;u fldamh.ek iudj b,a¨jdh' ujf.a yd orejdf.a Ôú; fírd fok
f,i bkaø foúhdf.ka wheo isáhdh' fï fõ,dfõ§u ;reKìßhydiajdñhduy¿ldka;djg;ukaf.ka

isÿjqk

widOdrKh .ek f;areï f.k weh ±lSug iqidk N+ñhgmeñ‚hy' bkaø foúhd Tjqka ñ;% l< w;r blaì;s ieufoku
m%S;su;a mjq,la f,i l,a hejQy' ;ukau O¾ñIag Ndjh bj;
fkdoukafka kï th ;jÿrg;a ioygu ke;s fkdjkafkah'- 256 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

O¾ñIag Ndjh b|ysg w;=reoka jk nj fmkS .sh;a thke;s ù fkdhhs' tjekakla fmkS hkafka th hful=f.a is;a;=<ska bj;aj hk úgh'fkdmEfyk is;a ks;ru úm;a f.k fohs' b;d iq¿ jerÈwjfndaOhla uy;a úkdYhlg u. mdod,sh yelsh' fuh mjq,aÔú;fha§ úfYaIfhka ie,lSug .; hq;=h'6'

mjq,a Ôú;fha§ tÈfkod úhyshoï ukd ie,ls,af,ka l<

hq;=h' W;aidyjka; l=yqUqjka yd läir ó ueiaika fuka
mjqf,a iEu idudðlfhl=u fjr jEhñka lghq;= l< hq;=h'lsisjl= wkHhl=f.a uykaish .ek úYajdih ;nd fkdisáh
hq;=h' wkHhkaf.a mß;Hd.hka n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdúh hq;=h'wksla w;ska ;uka yßyïn l< foa mjd iïmQ¾Kfhkau;udf.a hehs fkdie,lsh hq;=hs' bka fldgila wkHhka iuÕfnod .; hq;=fõ' fldgila yÈishl§ .ekSug b;sß lr .;hq;=hs' fldgila m%cd wjYH;d i|yd fjka l< hq;=hs'fldgila
wd.ñl .=rejrekaf.a m%fhdackh i|yd leml< hq;=h'fï f,dj we;s lsisfohla yqfolau ;udf.au hehs lsj
fkdyels nj ks;r isysfha ;nd.; hq;=hs' flfkl= fj;g tk- 257 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

hï lsisjla ;sfí kï th tkafka fya;=m%;Hhkaf.a iïnkaOh
wkqjh' th ;ud fj; ;nd.; yelafla ;djld,sljhs' tneúka"
th wd;aud¾:ldó f,i fkdjeo.;a wruqKq Wfoid mdúÉÑ
fkdl< hq;=h'7'Wohk rcqf.a ìijla jQ idudj;S isjqre mkaishhla

wdkkao ysñg mQcd l< miq Wkajykafia tajd uy;a i;=áka
Ndr.;ay'fï nj wid wdkkao ysñhkaf.a wjxl Ndjh .ek iell< rc;=ud Wkajykafia fj; f.dia fï isjqre 500 g l=ula
lrkag hkafka±hs Wkajykafiaf.ka úuiSh'wdkkao f;rKqfjda fufia lSy' —fndfyda NslaIQka bkafka
jerye,sj,sks' uu Tjqka w;r fïjd fnoñ'˜—mrK isjqrej,ska Tn l=ula lrkafka o@˜—tajdhska wms we|we;sß,s idouq˜—mrK we| we;sß,sj,ska l=ula lrkafka o@˜—wms fldÜg Wr idouq'˜—mrK fldÜg Wrj,ska l=ula lrkafka o@˜—wms ìï l,d, idouq'˜- 258 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

—mrK ìï l,d,j,ska l=ula lrkafka o@˜—wms mdmsiakd idouq˜—mrK mdmsiakdj,ska l=ula lrkafka o@˜—wms ìu f;;ud;a;= lrk frÈj,g .ksuq'˜—mrK f;; ud;a;= lrk frÈj,ska l=ula lrkafka o@˜—uyrc;=uks" wms tajd brd ufvys ;jrd mxif,a ì;a;sj,
ueá .Eug fhdouq'˜
wmg mQcdlrk iEu øjHhlau m%fhdackj;a jk whqßka
fyd| ie,ls,af,ka mdúÉÑ l< hq;=h' ulaksid o h;a tajd
wmf.a fkdfõ' tajd wmg ;djld,slj mjrd we;sfoah'
8'

iajdñhd yd NdhH_dj w;r iïnkaOh we;sù ;sfnkafka

yqfola Tjqkaf.a iem myiqj i|ydu fkdfõ' tla ksjila ;=<yqÿ YdÍßl tlaùulg jvd .eUqre jeo.;alula tys we;' Tjqka
fofokd ish weiqfrys we;s ióm núka W;=ï oyfuys ish is;am%.=K lsÍug tlsfkldg Woõ l< hq;=h'
˜fyd|u hqj,˜ hhs lshkq ,enQ tla uy¨ hqj,la jrlanqÿkajykafia yuqjg meñK fufia lSy' —nqÿkajykai" wm
l=vd ld,fha§u ±k ye|skf.k újdy jqfKuq' lsisuodl i;=guqjdlrk j,djla fkdÈáuq' wmg B<Õ wd;aufha§;a újdy úhyels±hs mjikq uekú'˜- 259 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

túg nqÿyq fï keKj;a ms<s;=r ÿkay' —Tn fokakdgu
tlu m%udKfha Y%oaOdjla ;sfí kï" iudk f,i O¾uh owikafka kï" iudk f,i mß;Hd.h we;akï" iudk m%{dj o;sfí kï Tn fofokd ,nk wd;aufha § o tu is;au ,nkq
we;'˜

9'

nqoaO;ajh lrd we;s uf.ys ia;%S mqreI fNaohla ke;'.eyekshla nqoaO;ajh me;Sug ;SrKh lf<d;a weh i;H
ud¾.fhys ùrjßh jkafkah'm%fiakð;a rcqf.a Èh‚h jQo" wfhdaOHd-rcqf.a ìij jQ ou,a,sldtjeks

Ydka;skdhlhdKkaf.aùrjßhlO¾uh

jQjdh'
flfrys

weh
uy;a

;=<

Nla;shlamej;=‚' weh Wka jykafia bÈßfha§ my; i|yka oi úOm%;s{djka l<dh'—nqÿrcdKkajykai" nqoaO;ajhg m;ajk ;=re uu W;=ïYS,h fkdì|sñ' ug jvd jhia jQ wh bÈßfha WvÕ= fkdfjñ'
lsisjl= iu. fldamhg m;a fkdfjñ'

wka wh fyda Tjqkaf.a jia;=j .ek B¾IHd fkdlrñ'
ukiska fyda jia;=fjka wd;aud¾:ldó njg m;a fkdfjñ' ud- 260 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

,nk fohska wka wh i;=gq lsÍug ;e;a lrkq úkd tajd udi|yd /ialr fkd.ksñ'

uu yeu fofkl=u wdpdrYS,Sj ms<s.ksñ' Tjqkag wjYH
foh foñ' Tjqkag lreKdjka;j l:d lrñ' Tjqka uqyqKmdk
foa .ek ñi uf.a iem myiqj fkdi,lñ' mlaImd;S fkdùTjqkag hym;la lsÍug jEhï lrñ'

isrNdrfha yqol,dfõ bkakdúg" wikSmfhka fõokdfõ
bkakd úg Tjqkag iykhla §ug i;=gq lsÍug jEhï lrñ'
fya;= yd kS;s .ek Tjqkag myod § uu tfia lrñ'

i;=ka w,a,d .ksñka fyda Tjqkag kmqre f,i i,lk who is,a ì|sk wh o ÿgqúg Tjqka o~qjï ,eìh hq;= kï o~qjïlrñ' b.ekaúh hq;= kï W.kajñ' Tjqka l< l%shd fjkialsÍug fyda Tjqkaf.a jerÈ ksjerÈ lsÍug ug yels Wmßu
W;aidyh orñ'

uu ksjerÈ O¾uhg weyqïlka §ug wu;l fkdlrñ'
ulaksid o h;a thg weyqïlka fkdfokakd yd;ami fj<df.kwe;s i;Hfhka wE;ajk neúks' nqoaO;ajfha fjr<g <xùug
wiu;a jk neúks'˜- 261 -

Y%djl iudcfha hq;=lï

ÿ.S ckhd uqojd .ekSu ms‚i wE my; i|yka m%d¾:kd;=k l<dh' —uq,skau iEufokdu iduldó lrkag jEhï lrñ'fï m%d¾:kdj ud úYajdi lrk yeáhg ug fln÷ Ôú;hlañka bÈßhg ,enqK;a th hym;a nfõ uQ,h ù fyd|b.ekaùul m%{dj lrd jHdma; jkq we;'fojkqj uu fyd| b.ekaùfï m%{dj ,;a miqj fjfyi
fkdn,d yeufokdgu W.kajñ';=kafjkqj uu i;H b.ekaùu wdrlaId lrñ' uf.aÔú;h" YÍrh fyda Okh lemlr fyda th rlsñ'˜

mjq,a Ôú;hl ienE jeo.;alu jkafka nqoaO;ajh fj;
we;s uf.ys,d tu.ska ,efnk wfkHdkH ffOhH_h yd
wdOdrhhs' .eye‚hl nqoaO;ajh fiùfï woyi we;sj tu
m%;s{d yd m%d¾:kd we;s lr .;fyd;a u,a,sld jeksu Wiia
nqoaO Y%dúldjla úh yelsh'- 262 -

fofjks mßÉfþoh

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dv keÕSu
I
Y%djl iudcfha iu.sh1'

iïmQ¾K w÷frys ksu.ak jQ" fkdfhla i;=ka iuQyhla

wkaO f,i /ialk md¨ foaYhla .ek isf;ys ujd .ksuq'

iajNdjfhkau

Tjqka

;e;s

.kakjdwe;'rd;%Sfha§tlsfkld y÷kd fkd.ksñka Tn fudn ÿjkq we;' ks;ru tys
md¨j yd fkdikaiqkalu mj;skq we;' we;f;kau fuh
idkqlïmsl o¾Ykhls'±ka wms fufia ujd .ksuq' yÈisfhau Wiia ñksfil=
mkaoula o /f.k fmkS isáfhd;a yeu fohu wdf,dalu;a ydmeyeÈ,s jkq we;'w÷re

yqol,dfõ

yqka

m%dŒyqyÈisfhkau

n,j;awiajeis,a,g m;ajkq we;' jgmsg n,d tlsfkld ye|skf.ki;=áka iud.ï mj;ajkq we;'- 263 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

fuu —md¿ foaYh˜ hkafkka woyia jkafka wúoHd
wkaOldrfha

.e,S

mj;sk

ukqIH

f,dalhhs'

ish

is;aysm%{df,dalh fkdue;sj ießirk i;ajfhda yqol,dfjka ydìfhka miqfj;s' Tjqyq ;ksj bm§ ;ksj ñh h;s' ;uka iuÕ
tlg Ôj;ajk ñksiqka iu. idufhka tluq;=j weiqre
lrkafka flfia±hs Tjqyq fkdoks;s' Tjqyq fodïkiska ydìfhka miqfj;s'—mkaoula /.;a W;=ï ñksid˜ hkqfjka woyia jkafkañksia fji .;a nqÿkajykafiah' Wkajykafia m%×fjka yd
lreKdfjka f,dalh wdf,dalu;a lr;s'fï wdf,dalfhka ñksiaiq ;uka .ek fukau wka wh.ek o ±k .ks;s' ñksia ifydaor;ajh fukau iduldóiïnkaO;d iud.uhka we;slr .ekSug i;=gqfj;s'oyila ñksiqka iudchl Ôj;a jkq we;' kuq;a Tjqka
tlsfkld ±k ye|sk tlsfkld .ek wkqlïmd olajk ;=re th
ienE ifydaor;ajhla fkdjkq we;'

- 264 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

ienE iudchla th wdf,dalu;a lrk Y%oaOdfjka yd
m%{dfjka hqla; fõ' tys ñksiaiq tlsfkld ±k y÷k;s'úYajdi lr;s' tys iudcuh tluq;= njla mj;shs'

we;af;kau ienE iudchl fyda ixúOdkhl Ôjh ydkshu w¾:h iu.shhs'

2'

ixúOdk j¾. ;=kla we;' m<uqj n,j;a kdhlhkaf.an,h" jia;=j yd wdêm;Hh u; ixúOdk jk tajdh'

fojkqj idudðlhkaf.a myiqj fjkqfjka ixúOdk jk
Tjqkaf.a i;=gg fya;=jk ;dla l,a yd Tjqka wr., fkdlrk;=re mj;sk ixúOdkhs';=kafjkqj hï hym;a O¾uhla flakaø lrf.k iu.shtys Ôjh lrf.k ixúOdkh jk tajdh'

we;af;kau ;=kafjkqj tkï wka;sug i|yka l< j¾.h
muKla ienE ixúOdkhhs' ulaksid o tys idudðlfhda tl
wOHd;auhlska hqla; fj;s' tlai;a nj yd úúO wdldr- 265 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

.=KO¾uhka thska my< fjhs' tjeks ixúOdkhl tluq;=lu
ika;=Iaáh yd i;=g mj;S'nqoaO;ajh lkaolg jysk jeiaila jekak' tys c,h l=vd
Èhmdrj,aj,g jeà Èh we,j,aj,g o bkamiqj .x.dj,g owka;sfï § uqyqog o .,d niS'

W;=ï foaYkd keue;s jeiai ñksiqkaf.a ;;a;ajhka yd
wjia:djka .ek fkdi,ld Tjqka u;g iudkj jefghs' th
Ndr.kakd wh l=vd msßia f,ig tl;= fj;s' miqj ixúOdk
iE§ iudchla njg m;aù nqoaO;ajh keue;s uyd uqyqog
m;afj;s'fuu ñksiqkaf.a is;a c,h yd lsß fuka ñY% fjhs'
wjidkfha§ iduldó ifydaor;ajhla f,i ixúOdkh fjhs'

fufia

ienE

O¾uh

mßmQ¾K

ixúOdkhl

uQ,sl

wjYH;djh fjhs' uq,ska lS f,i th ckhd tlsfkld
y÷kd.kakdt<shhs'tlsfkldg.e,fmkf,iilia

jkafka;a Tjqkaf.a is;sú,sj, r¿mr¿ ;eka iqug lr .kafka;atu.sks'- 266 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

fufia nqÿkajykafiaf.a mßmQ¾K O¾uh u; iEfok
ixúOdkh Y%djl iudchla f,i ye|skaúh yelsh'

Tjqka tu b.ekaùï ms<smeo ta wkqj ish is;a mqyqKq
l<hq;=h' fufia kHdhd;aulj n,k l, nqÿkajykafiaf.a
Y%djl iudchg ish¿fokdu wh;a fõ' kuq;a we;aaf;kau
iudk Y%oaOdjla we;af;dau tys wkq.dñlfhda fj;s'3'nqÿkajykafiaf.a

Y%djl

iudcfhys

wdldr

foll

wkq.dñlfhda fj;s' tla j¾.hla kï .sys wkq.dñlhkag
O¾uh W.kajk whhs' wfkla j¾.h kï tu .=rejrekagisõmih mQcd lrk whhs' fï fomsßi tlaj O¾uh fkdkeiS
mj;sk fia jHdma; lr;s'

Y%djl iudch iïmQ¾Kùug kï tys idudðlhka w;r
ukd iu.shla ;sìh hq;=h' .=rejre wkq.dñlhkag W.kaj;s'wkq.dñlfhda .=rejrekag .re lr;s' fufia Tjqka w;riu.shla mj;S'nqÿkajykafiaf.a Y%djl iudcfha idudðlhka wfkl=;aiuiydhlhska

iu.

tlaj

- 267 -

Ôj;ajkakgi;=gqfjñka

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

wdOHd;aufhka tlaflfkl= njg m;aùug W;aidy orñka
fifkfynr wkqlïmdjlska tlsfkld weiqre l< hq;=h'4'

Y%djl iudchla iu.shg fhduq lsÍug Woõjk lreKq 6

la we;' m<uqj l;dnfya§ úYajdijka;luhs' fojkqj l%shdj,úYajdijka;ydwkqlïmdiy.;

wdOHd;aufhaúYajdijka;ydnjhs''

wkqlïmd;=kafjkqj

iy.;

njhs'

i;rfjkqj fmdÿ foam, iudk f,i fnod .ekSuhs' miafjkqj
tlg ks¾u, YslaIdmo ms<sme§uhs' ihfjkqj ish,a,kagu
ksjerÈ oDIaàka ;sîuhs'fïjd w;=ßka ihjeksj lS ish,a,kagu ksjerÈ oDIaàka;sîu hkak tys kHIaáh n÷h' wksla ldrKd my tys jfÜ
fj,S we;'Y%djl iudch id¾:l ùug kï i;ajeoEreï kS;s f.dkq
folla we;' bka m<uqjekak f.dkqjla f,i fufia ±laúh
yelsh'^1&

O¾uh weiSug yd idlÉPd lsÍug Tjqka ks;r tlg/iaúh hq;=hs'- 268 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

^2&

Tjqka tlsfkldg .re lrñka ksoyfia yeisßh hq;=hs'^3&

Tjqka O¾uhg f.!rjdor oelaúh hq;=h' úkhg .re l<hq;=h' tajd fkdfjkiaj ;nd.; hq;=h'^4&

jeäysá yd <ore idudðlhkag wdpdrYS,sj ix.%y l<hq;=hs'^5&

Tjqka wjxllu yd f.!rjh ish meje;afï ,laIKhlalr.; hq;=hs'^6&

Tjqka ksi, ;ekl ys| ish is; msßisÿ lr.; hq;=hs' th;u m%fhdackhg .ekSug fmr wkHhkag Þkh l< hq;=hs'

^7&

Tjqka

yeufokdgu

yDohx.uj

ix.%y

we,au
l<

l<

hq;=hs'hq;=h'

wuq;a;kagfrda.Ska

lreKdfjka

iekish hq;=hs'

fï kS;s ms<smÈk Y%djlhd lsis Èkl fkdmsßfyhs'- 269 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

fojeks f.dkqj kï" fm!oa.,sl jYfhka tlsfkld^1&

ks¾u, wdOHd;auhla mj;ajd .; hq;=h' fndfyda foh
n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdúh hq;=h'^2&

wjxl nj ;nd .ksñka ;Kaydj ÿre l< hq;=h'^3&bjis,su;a úh hq;=h" jdo fkdl< hq;=h'^4&

iïmm%,dm fkdfodvd ksy~j isáh hq;=h'^5&

kS;Skag hg;aúh hq;= w;r" wyxldr fkdúh hq;=hs'^6&

iu ukila mj;ajd .; hq;= w;r" úúO b.ekaùï
ms<sfkdmeÈh hq;=h'^7&tÈfkod Ôú;fha§ msßueiau yd iliqrejï iys; úh
hq;=h'

Y%djl iudcfha idudðlfhda fï kS;Ska ms<smÈ;a kï thl,la mj;sk w;r lsis Èkl fkdmsßfyhs'

5'by; i|yka mßÈ Y%djl iudch tys yrh jYfhka

iu.sh /lsh hq;=h' fï ksid iu.shla fkdue;s kï th Y%djl
iudchla f,i ie,lsh fkdyelsh' iEu idudðlfhl=u
fNaohlg fya;=jla we;s fkdjk f,ig j.n,d .; hq;=hs'
fNaohla we;sùug hkafka kï yels blaukska th j,lajd .;- 270 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

hq;=hs' ulaksid o h;a ´kEu ixúOdkhla úkdY lr ±óugthg yels neúks'

f,a me,a,ï f,hskau fidaod bj;a l< fkdyelsh'
wukdmh ;jÿrg;a wukdm ±laùfuka ;=rka l< fkdyel'
wukdmh ;=rka l< yelafla th wu;l lr ±ófuks'

6'

tla lf,l §>S;s kñka hq;a rfcla isáfhah' n%yauo;a;kï igkaldó wi,ajeis rfcla fï rcqf.a foaYh wdl%uKh
lf<ah' §>S;s rcq ;u ìß| yd orejd iuÕ l,la ieÕùisáhdg miqj w,a,d .kakd ,o kuq;a orejd jdikdjg fíreks'

l=udrhd ;u mshd fírd .ekSug W;aidy l<;a th jH¾:
úh' ish mshdg urK o~qju muqKqjk Èkfha l=udrhd ofjiaj,df.k tu ia:dkhg .sh;a l=ßre brKulg yiqjQ ;umshd urK o~qju ,nk ieá" n,d isákq ñi lsisjla l<fkdyels úh'

msßi w;frys ;u mq;%hd isákq ÿgq mshd ;udgu
lshd .kakd f,i fï joka f;m,Sh' —fndfyda l,a fidhkak'
l,n, ù l%shd lrkak tmd' wukdmh ÿrelr .; yelafla th
wu;l lr ±ófuka muKls'˜- 271 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

miqj l=udrhd È.=l,la ;siafia m<s.ekSug udk n,ñkaisáfhah' wjidkfha § Tyqg n%yauo;a; rcqf.a ud,s.fha
fiajlfhl= f,ig /lshdjla ,enq‚' Tyq rcqf.a is; oÈkd .;af;ah'

rcq ovhfï .sh ojil l=udrhd m<s.ekSug wjia:djlan,d isáfhah' ish iajdñhd md¿ m%foaYhlg /f.k hdug
l=udrhdg

yelsúh'

n,j;a

úvdjg

m;aj

isá

rc;=udl=udrhdf.a Wl=f,a ysi ;nd ksod .;af;ah' tfia lf<al=udrhd .ek iïmQ¾K úYajdih ;nd isá neúks'

l=udrhd ish lsksiai weo th rcqf.a fn,a,g ;enQ uq;auola mels¨fKah' ;u mshd urK fudfydf;a§ lshQ joka
Tyqf.a isyshg keÕ=‚' kej; o W;aidy l<;a Tyqg rcq ueßh
fkdyels úh' yÈisfhau kskafoka msìÿK rcq §>S;s rcqf.a mq;d;ud urkakg ;e;a lrkq iSfkka ÿgq nj mejiSh'fuys§ lsksiai w;g .;a l=udrhd jyd rcq w,a,df.k tu
l=urd ;ud nj;a" ;u mshd uerE m<sh .ekSug ld,h t<ö
we;s nj;a mejiSh' tfy;a Tyqg fuh l< fkdyels úh'
l=udrhd lsksiai ìu oud rcq bÈßmsg oK keuqfõh'- 272 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

l=udrhdf.a fï l;dj iy Tyqf.a msh rcqf.a wjika
jpk weiQ rc;=ud bka n,j;a le<öug m;aj l=udrhdf.ka
iudj wheo isáfhah' miqj tu rdcOdksh l=udrhdg kej;
mjrK ,§' fï rgj,a fol w;r È.= l,lau iu.sh
meje;sfhah'§>S;s rcqf.a wjika jpk jQ —È.= l,la fidhkak tmd˜
hkq —wukdmh È.=l,la ;nd .kak tmd˜ hkqhs' —blauka
jkak tmd˜ hkq —ñ;%lu blaukska fkdleäh hq;=hs˜ hkqhs'
wukdmh wukdmfhka ;Dma;su;a l< fkdyelsh' thÿrel< yelafla wu;l lr ±ófuka mu‚'ksjerÈ oyul iu.sh u; mokï jQ Y%djl ifydaor;ajhla;=< isák iEu idudðlfhl=u fuu l;dka;rfha idrh
ieuúg w.h l< hq;=hs'nqÿkajykafiaf.a Y%djlhska muKla fkdj ish¨fokdu
fï idrh w.h l< hq;=hs' tÈfkod Ôú;fha§ Bg wkql+,jl%shd l< hq;=hs'- 273 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

IInqÿkajykafiaf.a N+ñh1'

ñka fmr o úia;r lrk ,o mßÈ Y%djl iudchla nqoaOO¾uh m;=rejd yeÍfï yd idufhka Ôú;aùfï ish hq;=lu
wu;l fkdlrkafka kï" th iaÓr f,i ;j ;j;a me;sÍ hkq
we;' tfukau tys b.ekaùï jvd;a me;sÍ hkq we;'ñka woyia jkafka ;j;a fndfyda fokd nqoaO;ajh m;knjhs' tkï wúoHdfõ yd ldufha hlaIhd úiska fufyhjkq,nk ;Kaydfõ oafõIfha yd fudayfha múgq fiakd miq nisk
nj;a m%{dj wdf,dalh Y%oaOdj yd ika;=Iaáh wêm;s jk
nj;ah'

hlaIhdf.a rdcHh ;Kaydj wkaOldrh wr., igka" lvqyrU" f,a je.sÍï fukau B¾IHdj" w.;sh" ffjrh" /jàu"
pdgqj" ksjg Ndjh" ryia nj iy nekSïj,ska msÍ we;s ;ekls'

tu rdcHhg m%{dfõ wdf,dalh m;s; ù lreKdfõ
j¾Idj jeà Y%oaOdj uq,a weo m%S;sfha u,aj, iqj| úysÿjkjd
- 274 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

he hs is;kak' túg hlaIhdf.a tu rdcHh nqÿkajykafiaf.a
ks¾u, N+ñh njg yefrkq we;'jika;h <Õu tk nj lshk w;a;l msmqKq u,a lSmhla
yd isys,a iq,Õla fuka ñksfil= nqoaO;ajh ,nk úg;Kfld, .ia l÷ mka;s .x.d yeu fohu kj Ôjhlska mK.efikag mgka .kshs'

ñksidf.a is; mú;% jk úg Tyqf.a jgmsgdj o mú;% fõ'2'ienE O¾uh mj;sk rgl jdih lrk yeu flfkl=gu

ks¾u, yd ksi, is;la we;' we;af;kau nqÿkajykafiaf.a
lreKdjksrdhdifhkau

yeufokdgu

hym;lalrhs'

Wkajykafiaf.a wdf,dalu;a wOHd;auh Tjqkaf.a is;a ;=<ska
ish¨ flf,iau, m,jd yßhs'

ks¾u, is;la blau‚kau .eUqre is;la njg m;a fjhs'
th wd¾h ud¾.hg iß,k is;ls' th oka§ug wdid lrk
is;ls' th is,a /lSug leue;s is;ls' laIdka;sjd§ is;ls' th
Woafhda.su;a" Ydka;" m%{diïmkak" ldre‚l is;ls' thñksiqka ksmqK f,i nqoaO;ajh lrd fufyhjk is;ls' fufia
nqoaO N+ñh ks¾udKh lrkq ,nkafkah'- 275 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

wUqorejka iuÕ jik f.h nqÿkajykafia jev isák
ksjila njg m;a fõ' tfukau idudðl úIu;dj,ska ÿla ú|sk
rgla {d;S;ajh kue;s Ôjfhka msreK msßila isák rgla
njg m;a fõ'f,a me,a,ï we;s rka ud,s.hla jqj nqÿkajykafia r|k;ekla fkdfõ' tys iajdñhdf.a is; ks¾u, kï jy,fhaisÿrej,ska y|t<sh tk mqxÑ me,la jqj o nqÿkajykafia r|k;ekla njg m;a fõ'

nqoaO N+ñhla tla ;ks mqoa.,fhl=f.a ks¾u, ukiska
werUqK;a tu ;ks ks¾u, is; Y%djl iudchla ;=< ish¨[d;s is;a ta lrd wÈhs' nqÿkajykafia flfrys we;s Y%oaOdj ;ksmqoa.,hl=f.ka mjq,g;a mjqf,ka .ug;a .ñka k.rhkag;ak.rfhka mqrjrhkag;a mqrjrhkaf.ka foaYhkag;a wjidkfhauq¿ f,djg;a me;SÍ hhs'

we;af;kau nqoaO N+ñh f.dvk.kafka O¾uh me;srùfï
úYajdijka; Ndjh yd WfoHda.su;a Ndjh úisks'3'ksielfhkau tla oDIaá fldaKhlska neÆl, ;Kaydj

widOdrK;ajh yd f,a je.sÍfuka hqla; fï f,dj hl=kaf.a- 276 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

f,djla f,i fmfkkq we;' tfy;a ñksiqka nqÿkajykafiaf.a
nqoaO;ajh úYajdi lrkag mgka.kakd úg f,a lsß njg
yefrkq we;' ;Kaydj ohdj njg m;ajkq we;' tl,ays
hlaIhdf.a N+ñh nqÿkajykafiaf.a ks¾u,;ajfha N+ñh njg
m;ajkq we;'tla mqxÑ yekaolska uqyqo ysia l, fkdyelsh' tfy;awd;au .Kkdjla ;=<§ fyda th lrkag wêIaGdk lr.;fyd;awkak tjeks is;ls nqÿkajykafiaf.a nqoaONdjh ,nd .ekSu
ms‚i wjYH jkafka'nqÿyq wks;a fjrf<a jev jik fial' tkï ;Kaydfjka"oafõIfhka" uq,dfjka" ÿflka Nfhka f;dr Wkajykafiaf.a
nqoaO;ajh keue;s f,djhss' tys we;af;a m%{dfõ wdf,dalh yd
lreKdfõ j¾Idj mu‚'th idufha N+ñhhs' ÿla fõokdjkaf.ka fmf<k whg
th msysgls' O¾uh m;=rejkakkag úfõlhla .ekSug we;súfõl ia:dkhls' tys wiSñ; wdf,dalh yd iodld,sl Ôú;hmj;shs' fï foõf,dj fj; hkafkda uq,dfjka msß f,djg
wdmiq lsisod fkdt;s'- 277 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

we;af;kau ish¨ ukqIH j¾.hdf.a .ukdka;h jk fuu
Y=oaO N+ñfhys nqoaêh keue;s u,a iqj¢ka iq<Õ iqj|j;a lrk
w;r; Y=oaO jQ O¾uh l=re,a,ka úiska .dhkd lrkq ,efí'4'

fï Y=oaO jQ N+ñh úfõl iqjhla .ekSug we;s ;ekla ñi

w,i nj we;s ;ekla fkdfõ' tys iqj|e;s u,a hyka w,i
WodiSk Ndjh i|yd fkdj úfõlh yd m%fndaOu;a ùuWfoidh' ke;sù .sh n,h kej; ,ndf.k m%fndaOfhka hq;=jnqoaO;ajfhys nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾u¥; fufyh mj;ajdf.k
hdu Wfoidh'nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾u¥; fufyh iodld,slh' ñksiqka
Ôj;ajk ;=re i;aj f,dalh mj;sk;=re wd;aud¾:ldó yd ÿIag
is;a

;u

f,dalhyd

isÿùïks¾udKh

lrk;=reWkajykafiaf.a O¾u¥; fufyh wjika jkafka ke;'nqÿkajykafiaf.a orefjda wñ; nqÿkajykafiaf.a uy;an,fhka Y=oaO jQ N+ñh ;rKh lf<da kej;;a ;uka isá;ju;a ne|Sï mj;sk N+ñhg wdmiq taug wdYdl< yelsh' tys
Tjqka nqÿkajykafiaf.a O¾u¥; fufyfhys ish fldgi
bgqlrkq we;'- 278 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

l=vd bámkaoul t,sfhka ;j;a bámkaoula wd§ f,i
th

o,ajd

jHdma;

l<yelsh'

tfiaunqÿkajykafiaf.a

lreKdfõ wf,dal tla is;lska ;j;a is;lg wkka;j jHdma;fõ'nqÿkajykafiaf.a orefjda Wkajykafiaf.a lreKdfõ Ôjh
wjfndaO lrf.k Wkajykafiaf.a nqoaO;ajfha yd ks¾u,;ajfha
ldhH_h;ukaf.amrïmrdjlska

;j;a

fohla

njg

mrïmrdjlg

lr.ks;s'

m;=rejd

th

tla

nqoaO

N+ñh

iodld,slj mj;sk fia mQckSh Ndjhg muqKqj;s'IIInqÿkajykafiaf.a N+ñfha lS¾;sh ,oafoda

1'

Wohk rcqf.a ìijl jQ idudj;S nqÿkajykafiag b;du;alemjQ ;eke;a;shl jQjdh'

wE Ôj;a jQfha ud,s.fha b;du we;=<; jq l=áhlh' wE
bka msg;g fkd.shdh' tfy;a wehf.a fiaúldj jQ W;a;rdg- 279 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

b;d

fyd|

iaurKhla;snq‚'

weh

t<shg

f.dia

nqÿkajykafiaf.ka nK wikakg mqreÿj isáhdh'wdmiq meñK ;uka weiQ nK ìijg lshk neúka ìij
ish nqoaêh yd Y%oaOdj ÈhqKq ;shqKq lr.;a;dh'

rcqf.a fojeks ìij m<uq ìijg B¾IHdfjka wehurkakg udk n,ñka isáhdh' weh rcqg fndre f.d;d lSjdh'
wka;sfï§ weh úYajdi l< rcq ;u m<uq ìij jQ idudj;Surkakg is;=fõh'idudj;S ìij rcq bÈßfha fld;rï Ydka; f,i fmkS
isáhd o lSfjd;a rcqg wehj urkakg ;rï ±ä yoj;lafkd;snq‚'

;udj

md,kh

lr.;a

rcq

wehj

wúYajdilsÍu .ek iudj wheo isáfhah'fofjks ìijf.a B¾IHdj ;j;a jeäúh' rcq msg; isáúgl idudj;S isá we;=¿ ud,s.hg .sks ;eîug wE kmqreñksiqka hejqjdh' Ydka;skdhlhdKka fj;ska ,;a Ôjh we;sidudj;S

Ydka;jmiqjQjdh'úlaIsma;Ndjhg

m;aj

isá

fiaúldjka o ;ekam;a njg yd ffOhH_hg m;a lrñka lsisÿ

- 280 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

Nhlska f;drj iduldój ñh .shdh' W;a;rd wE iu.u.skafkka ms,siaiS ñh .shdh'

idudj;S ìij ffu;%sfhka hq;= ;eke;a;shla iy wef.a
fiaúldjjQ

W;a;rdfyd|

ijkafokakshlaf,inqÿkajykafiaf.a Y%dúldjka w;=ßka fï fofokd b;du Wiia
whqßka f.!rj ,n;s'2'nqÿkajykafiaf.a

uiaiskd

flfkl=jQ

YdlHjxYfha

uydkdu l=udrhd nqÿkajykafiaf.a b.ekaùï flfrys uy;a
Y%%oaOdjla we;s lr f.k isáfhah' tfiau Tyq nqÿkajykafiaf.ab;du;a Y%oaOdjka; wkq.dñlhkaf.ka flfkla úh'fï ld,fha§ fldai, rfÜ úreol keue;s oreKq rfcla
YdlHjxYh hg;a lr .;af;ah' fï rcq yuqjg .sh uydkdu
l=udrhd ish rgjdiSkaf.a Ôú; b,a,d isáh;a rcq Tyqg
weyqïlka fkdÿ‚' blaì;s Tyq rcqg fujeks fhdackdjla
lf<ah' ;uka <Õ we;s j;=r fmdl=fKa .s,S isáh§ m,dhk
isrlrejka msßig muKla hEug bv§ughs'

fuhg rc;=ud tlÕ úh' tfia tlÕ jQfha Tyqg j;=f¾.s,S isákag bv ,efnk ld,h b;d flá ld,hla hehs
- 281 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

is;df.kh'

uydkdu

l=ure

j;=f¾

.sf<kjd;aiu.u

ud<s.fha fodrgqj újD; úh' ñksiaiq wdrCIdj m;d Èj .shy'kuq;a uydkdu l=udrhd u;= jqfKa ke;' ;u ysiflia j;=f¾;snQ úf,da uq,l .eg .idf.k ish Ôú;h ck;dj fjkqfjka
mQcd lf<ah'3'

Wmam,jKaKd keue;s m%lg fufy‚h nqÿkajykafiaf.a

w.% Y%dúldjla jQjdh' wef.a nqoaêh uq.,la f;rekaf.a nqoaêh
yd iulr we;' wE yeuúgu wka fufy‚ka jykafia,df.a
kdhsldj úh' Tjqkag b.ekaùfuka lsisúgl úvdjg m;afkdjQjdh'

foajo;a; b;d kmqre lDDr ñksfil= úh' Tyq wcdi;arcqf.a is; ¥IHfldg nqÿoyug úreoaO ùug fm<Uùh' tfy;amiqj wcdi;a rcq miq;eú,s ù foajo;a; iuÕ mej;s ñ;=ou
ì|oud nqÿkajykafiaf.a hgy;a Y%djlfhla njg m;aúh'tla wjia:djl rcq ±lSug ú;a bv fkd,en ud,s.dfodrgqfjka msg; yqka foajo;a;g msg;g tk Wmam,jKaKd
uqK .eiq‚' ñka l=ms; jQ fyf;u wEg .id n,j;a f,i ;=jd,lf<ah'- 282 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

n,j;a fõokdfjka hq;=j wE ish wdY%uhg wd úg wka
fufy‚jre wEj ikikakg W;aidy l<úg wE Tjqkag fufia
lSjdh' —fufy‚jreks" ukqIH Ôú;h fkdjegfyk iq¿h'yeufoau wks;Hh' wkd;auh' iduldó yd Ydka; jkafka
nqoaO;ajhiys;f,djla

muKs'

Tn

Tfí

mqyqKqfjys

fhfokak'˜ wE blaì;s Ydka;j l¿ßh l<dh'4'fndfyda fofofkl=f.a Ôú; ke;sl< wx.=,sud, keue;sNhdkl odußlhd Ydka;skdhlhdKka úiska uqojd.kakd ,ÿjWkajykafiaf.a Y%djlhkaf.ka flfkla njg m;aúh'tla Èkla Tyq k.rhl msvqisÕd jäoa§ w;S;fha Tyq l<múgq l%shd ksid fndfyda lror fõokd ú|skag isÿúh'.ïjeisfhda Tyq fj;g lvd mek oreKq f,i myr ÿkay'wefÕkaf,afmrdf.kYdka;skdhlhdKka

fj;g

.sh

wx.=,sud, f;r Wkajykafiaf.a mduq, jeà ;udf.a mer‚
lDDr l%shd fjkqfjka fufia fõokd ú|skakg wjia:dj ,nd§u .ek ia;=;s lf<ah'Tyq fufia lSfõh' —Ydka;skdhlhdfKks" uf.a ku
uq,ska —wysxil˜ úh' kuq;a uf.a fudavlu ksid jákd Ôú;- 283 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

/ilau ke;s lf<ñ' yeu tll=f.au weÕs,a, ne.ska tl;=lf<ñ' tneúka ud wx.=,sud, kñka y÷kajkag úh'—blaì;s Tn jykafia ;=<ska uu kqjK ,enqfjñ' nqoaO"
Oïu" ix> hk f;rejkg lem jQfjñ' ñksfil=g .jhl= fyda
wYajhl= olalkakg Wjukd jQ úg Tyq lihla fyda lUhla
fhod .kS' tfy;a Ydka;skdhlhdfKks" Tn jykafia lih
fyda lUh fhdod fkdf.k uf.a is; ks¾u, l< fial'—Ydka;s kdhlhdfKks" wo uu ug whs;s fohska muKlafõokdj muKla ú¢ñ' uu Ôj;ajkakg m%d¾:kd fkdlrñ'
ñh hkakg o m%d¾:kd fkdlrñ' uu uf.a ld,h tk;=remuKla n,d isáñ'˜

5'

fud.a.,a,dk

f;rekaiy

Ydßmq;%

f;rekanqÿkajykafiaf.a w.%Y%djl foku jQy' fjk;a wd.ñl .=rejre
nqoaO O¾ufha mú;% c,h ñksiqka w;r; me;sfrñka Tjqka
n,j;a wdYdfjka th mdkh lrkq ±l B¾IHdjg m;a jQy'
Wkajykafiaf.a oyug úúO ndOd meñK jQy'

- 284 -

nqoaO N+ñhla f.dvkeÕSu

tfy;a ta lsisÿ ndOdjlg nqÿ nK mq¿,a fia me;sÍhEu
k;r lsÍug fyda je<elaùug fkdyels úh' fjk;a wd.ïj,
wkq.dñlfhda fud.a.,a,dk f;reka urkakg jEhï l<y'fojrlau Wkajykafia fíÍ isáhy' ;=kafjks j;dfõ§fndfydañ;HdoDIaálhka

úiska

jglrkq,en

Tjqkaf.amyrj,a ,en jegqKy'

mila l< nqoaO;ajh we;s Wkajykafia Tjqkaf.a myrj,a;ekam;aj ú|ord .;a fial' uia brd oukq ,enQj;a" weg
fmdälr oukq ,enQj;a" Wka jykafia Ydka; f,i wjika
yqiau fy¿fial'- 285 -

wx.=;a;r ksldh(The Book of the Gradual Sayings)

uyfKks" fndfyda foú ñksiqkaf.a hym;" i;=g Wfoid
fuf,dj Wm; ,enQ tla flfkla we;' tu mqoa.,hd ljryq o@ta wry;a iïud iïnqoaO jQ ;:d.;hdfKda tu W;=udfKdah'
uyfKks" tla mqoa.,fhl=f.a f,dalfha my< ùu ÿ¾,Nh'ta fln÷ mqoa.,fhla o@ ta wry;a iïud iïnqoaO jQ;:d.;hdfKda fj;s'

uyfKks" f,dalfha tla wdYap¾h mqoa.,fhl=f.a bm§u
ÿ¾,Nh' ta ljr mqoa.,fhl=f.a o@ ta wry;a iïud iïnqoaO jQ;:d.;hdKkaf.ah'

uyfKks" tla flfkl=f.a urKh wka ish¨ fokdf.alïmdjg yd lk.dgqjg fya;=fõ' ta fln÷ mqoa.,fhl=f.a o@ta wry;a iïud iïnqoaO jQ ;:d.;hdKkaf.ah'
uyfKks" fuu f,dalhg wiu iuj Wmka tlu
mqoa.,fhla fjhs' ta ljryq o@ ta wry;a nj ,;a iïud iïnqoaOjQ ;:d.;hdfKda fj;s'- 286 -

uyfKks" tla mqoa.,fhl=f.a bm§u fya;=fldgf.kuy;a jQ m%{dj keue;s wefia my< ùu fõ' uy;a jQ m%{djkeue;s wf,dalfha my< ùu fõ' uy;a jQ m%{dj keue;s§ma;sfha my< ùu fõ' ta ljr kï mqoa.,fhl=f.a o@ ta wry;aiïudiïnqoaO jQ ;:d.;hdKkaf.ah' Wkajykafia ta tlu
mqoa.,hd jk fial'- 287 -