Building	  Interna.onal	  Collabora.on	  for	  Low	  Carbon	  Technology	  Innova.on	  How	  COP21	  can	  shi@	  the	  energy	  sector	  technology	  innova.on	  onto	  a	  low-­‐carbon	  path	  that	  supports	  economic	  growth	  and	  energy	  access	  	  Takashi	  HaEori	  Head,	  Environment	  and	  Climate	  Change	  Unit,	  IEA	  3	  December	  2015	  ©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  Overview	  § Introduc.on:	  Energy	  at	  the	  heart	  of	  the	  climate	  challenge	  § IEA’s	  four	  key	  messages	  to	  COP21	  § IEA	  Analysis	  in	  Low	  Carbon	  Technology	  Innova.on	  • Energy	  Technology	  Analysis	  	  • Energy	  Technology	  Roadmaps	  § Energy	  Technology	  Collabora.on	  ©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  Energy	  at	  the	  heart	  of	  the	  climate	  challenge	  § The	  energy	  sector	  accounts	  for	  at	  least	  two-­‐thirds	  of	  global	  greenhouse	  gas	  emissions	  § Momentum	  is	  building:	  • 2014	  emissions	  did	  not	  rise	  • Renewable	  	  capacity	  addiCons	  at	  a	  record	  high	  of	  130GW	  • Fossil	  fuel	  subsidy	  reforms	  bearing	  fruit	  • Over	  175	  countries	  with	  INDCs	  for	  COP21	  § The	  energy	  sector	  must	  cut	  emissions,	  while	  powering	  economic	  growth,	  boos.ng	  energy	  security	  &	  increasing	  energy	  access	  ©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  IEA	  messages	  to	  COP21	  To	  shi@	  the	  energy	  sector	  onto	  a	  low-­‐carbon	  path	  that	  supports	  economic	  growth	  and	  energy	  access:	  1. Take	  ﬁve	  key	  ac,ons,	  led	  by	  energy	  eﬃciency	  and	  renewables,	  to	  peak	  then	  reduce	  global	  energy	  emissions.	  
2. Use	  the	  Paris	  Agreement	  to	  drive	  short-­‐term	  ac,ons	  consistent	  with	  long-­‐term	  emission	  goals.	  
3. Accelerate	  energy	  technology	  innova,on	  to	  make	  decarbonisa,on	  easier	  and	  even	  more	  aﬀordable.	  
4. Enhance	  energy	  security	  by	  making	  the	  energy	  sector	  more	  resilient	  to	  climate	  change	  impacts.	  
©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  1. Take	  ﬁve	  key	  ac.ons,	  led	  by	  energy	  eﬃciency	  and	  renewables,	  to	  peak	  then	  reduce	  global	  energy	  emissions.	  
Emissions	  savings	  in	  the	  Bridge	  Scenario	  by	  measure,	  2030	  Fossil-­‐fuel	  subsidy	  reform
Upstream	  methane	  reduc.ons

10%

Energy	  	  eﬃciency

15%
49%
Renewables	  investment

17%
9%Reducing	  ineﬃcient	  coal

Five	  measures	  save	  almost	  5	  Gt	  of	  emissions	  by	  2030	  &	  achieve	  a	  global	  emissions	  peak	  by	  2020,	  without	  harming	  economic	  growth	  &	  using	  only	  proven	  technologies	  ©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  The	  Bridge	  Strategy	  is	  ﬂexible	  across	  regions	  GHG	  emissions	  reduc.on	  by	  measure	  in	  the	  Bridge	  Scenario,	  	  rela.ve	  to	  the	  INDC	  Scenario,	  2030	  Russia	  European	  Union

China

United	  States
Middle	  EastIndia

Eﬃciency
Ineﬃcient	  coal	  plants
Renewables
Methane	  reducCons
Fossil-­‐fuel	  subsidies

La.n	  America

Southeast	  Asia

AfricaSource:	  World	  Energy	  Outlook	  Special	  Report:	  Energy	  and	  Climate	  Change	  (2015).	  

The	  measures	  in	  the	  Bridge	  Scenario	  apply	  ﬂexibly	  across	  regions,	  with	  energy	  eﬃciency	  &	  renewables	  as	  key	  measures	  worldwide	  ©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  2. Use	  the	  Paris	  Agreement	  to	  drive	  short-­‐term	  ac.ons	  consistent	  with	  long-­‐term	  emission	  goals.	  
§ Lock	  in	  the	  vision	  by	  translaCng	  the	  below-­‐2°C	  temperature	  goal	  into	  a	  clear	  long-­‐term	  emissions	  goal.	  Link	  short-­‐term	  naConal	  targets	  to	  the	  long-­‐term	  objecCve	  through	  naConal	  low-­‐carbon	  development	  strategies.	  
§ Establish	  a	  ﬁve-­‐year	  revision	  cycle	  to	  strengthen	  acCon	  as	  countries	  experience	  success	  and	  technology	  costs	  decline.	  
§ Track	  the	  transi.on	  of	  the	  energy	  sector,	  not	  just	  greenhouse	  gas	  levels.	  

©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  Source:	  World	  Energy	  Outlook	  Special	  Report:	  Energy	  and	  Climate	  Change	  (2015).	  3. Accelerate	  energy	  technology	  innova.on	  to	  make	  decarbonisa.on	  easier	  and	  even	  more	  aﬀordable.	  
§ Triple	  public	  investment	  in	  RD&D	  § Scale	  up	  collabora.on	  	   between	  public	  and	  private	  en..es	  in	  	   developed	  and	  	   developing	  countries	  Source:	  Energy	  Technology	  PerspecDves	  (2015).	  
§ IEA	  roadmaps	  for	  clean	  energy	  technologies	  § IEA	  is	  suppor.ng	  39	  Technology	  Collabora.on	  Programmes,	  and	  is	  ready	  to	  support	  new	  ini.a.ves	  	  ©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  4. Enhance	  energy	  security	  by	  making	  the	  energy	  sector	  more	  resilient	  to	  climate	  change	  impacts.	  

©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  Energy	  technology	  innova.on	  analysis	  § IEA	  Energy	  Technology	  Analysis:	  Op.mising	  technology	  decisions	  to	  transform	  energy	  sector	  • Energy	  Technology	  PerspecCves	  	  • Tracking	  Clean	  Energy	  Progress	  	  • IEA	  Technology	  Roadmaps	  	  	  ©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  Key	  technologies	  for	  reducing	  global	  	  CO2	  emissions	  Contribu.on	  of	  technology	  area	  to	  global	  cumula.ve	  CO2	  reduc.ons	  	  Gt	  CO2	  TECHNOLOGIES	  	  60	  50	  40Nuclear	  8%ith 6DSw
snoi
Emiss

Power	  generaCon	  eﬃciency	  andfuel	  switching	  1%Renewables	  30%	  30	  20Emissio
ns with
2DEnd-­‐use	  fuel	  switching	  10%SCCS	  13%	  10	  02011©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  2020

2030

2040

2050

End-­‐use	  fuel	  and	  electricity
eﬃciency	  38%

Having	  the	  right	  informa.on	  can	  help	  s.mulate	  support	  Emerging	  economies	  is	  where	  the	  bulk	  of	  emission	  will	  need	  to	  come	  from	  ©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  Technology	  roadmaps	  	  provide	  answers	  § Where	  is	  technology	  today?	  
• GW	  installed	  capacity/kWh	  of	  savings	  • Leading	  countries/regions	  • Cost,	  eﬃciency	  § What	  is	  the	  deployment	  pathway	  needed	  to	  achieve	  2050	  goals?	  
• Use	  IEA	  Energy	  Technology	  PerspecCves	  2DS	  scenario	  § What	  are	  the	  priority	  near-­‐term	  ac.ons?	  
••••©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  R&D	  gaps	  and	  how	  to	  ﬁll	  them	  IdenCfy	  barriers	  and	  obstacles	  and	  how	  to	  overcome	  Market	  requirements	  and	  policy	  needs	  Technology	  diﬀusion/transfer	  and	  internaConal	  collaboraCon	  needs	  IEA	  roadmaps:	  a	  living	  library	  2009	  2010	  2011	  2012	  2013	  2014	  32	  publica.ons,	  21	  diﬀerent	  technology	  areas	  ©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  2015	  How2Guides:	  support	  local	  ac.on	  Technology	  Roadmap	  How2Guide	  Engages	  with	  public	  and	  private	  stakeholders	  to	  establish	  the	  barriers	  to	  technology	  deployment	  and	  the	  policies	  needed	  Provides	  pracCcal	  informaCon	  for	  policy	  makers	  and	  planners	  to	  establish	  a	  naConal	  or	  regional	  technology-­‐speciﬁc	  roadmap	  Interna.onal	  Low-­‐carbon	  Energy	  Technology	  Plaborm	  ©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  A	  new	  cycle	  of	  roadmaps	  can	  create	  a	  bridge	  to	  implementa.on	  	  § Proposed	  new	  cycle	  of	  roadmaps	  • Global	  roadmaps,	  with	  more	  regional	  context	  &	  near-­‐term	  acCon	  plans	  • A	  focus	  on	  naConal	  or	  regional	  roadmaps,	  supported	  by	  governments	  and	  key	  organisaCons	  • A	  closer	  look	  at	  how	  the	  roles	  of	  diﬀerent	  technologies	  ﬁt	  together	  • Stronger	  link	  to	  Tracking	  Clean	  Energy	  Progress	  publicaCon	  ©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  Mul.lateral	  collabora.ons	  with	  aspects	  on	  energy	  technology	  ©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  Enhancing	  Energy	  Technology	  Innova.on	  through	  Collabora.on	  	  § Mul.lateral	  collabora.on	  on	  energy	  technology	  innova.on	  can	  greatly	  accelerate	  low-­‐carbon	  technology	  innova.on.	  	  § The	  IEA	  will	  strengthen	  its	  energy	  technology	  outreach	  ac.vi.es	  and	  expand	  par.cipa.on	  from	  diﬀerent	  countries,	  the	  science	  and	  research	  communi.es,	  industry	  partners	  and	  other	  stakeholders.	  	  § The	  IEA	  Technology	  Collabora.on	  Programmes	  (former	  Implemen.ng	  Agreements)	  will	  	  ©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  • Broad	  range	  of	  programmes,	  covering	  39	  areas	  • The	  network	  contains	  more	  than	  6000	  researchers	  from	  Member	  and	  nonMember	  countries	  and	  contains	  researchers	  from	  private	  and	  public	  sector.	  	  Energy	  Technology	  Collabora.on	  Complements	  Technology	  Transfer	  § Energy	  technology	  innova.on	  will	  play	  an	  important	  role	  in	  both	  developed	  and	  developing	  countries.	  
§ Technology	  collabora.on	  will	  enhance	  local	  capacity	  in	  technology	  development	  and	  deployment	  (altera.on	  of	  exis.ng	  technology	  to	  local	  context)	  	  § Energy	  technology	  collabora.on	  complements	  technology	  transfer	  within	  the	  UNFCCC	  processes	  	  ©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  Conclusions	  § The	  energy	  sector	  is	  key	  for	  a	  successful	  outcome	  in	  Paris	  § Cost-­‐eﬀec.ve	  ac.on	  is	  possible	  now	  that	  could	  lead	  global	  emissions	  to	  peak	  around	  2020	  § The	  Paris	  agreement	  must	  send	  a	  strong	  signal	  to	  the	  energy	  sector	  through	  a	  long-­‐term	  goal,	  5-­‐year	  reviews,	  and	  a	  strong	  tracking	  framework	  § Addi.onal	  focus	  is	  needed	  on	  energy	  technology	  innova.on,	  and	  on	  building	  energy	  sector	  resilience	  to	  climate	  impacts	  § Mul.lateral	  collabora.on	  on	  energy	  technology	  innova.on	  has	  an	  important	  role	  to	  play	  	  § Energy	  technology	  transfer	  should	  be	  closely	  linked	  to	  collabora.on	  in	  energy	  technology	  innova.on	  ©	  OECD/IEA	  2015	  Thank	  you	  for	  your	  aEen.on	  www.iea.org/COP21	  	  ©	  OECD/IEA	  2015