Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement oracceptance by the ADRC.

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management:
A Country Report of Nepal
Feb, 2020
ADRC, Kobe, Japan

Nepal and Disasters
Area 147,171 Sq KM, Population 26.4M, Literacy–64.9(2011) Provinces– 7,Districts – 77, (Rural) Municipality – 753,Ward units – 6,743, Ethnic Groups – 125,Languages spoken – 122+, Economy based on Agriculture,

8848 Meter60 Meter
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Key DRR Policies
Primary Functions of MoHA
DRRPolicies&Functions
 Constitutional Provision
 Maintain law and order,
 DRR and Management Act,  Maintain
Peaceand2017
security DRRM Regulations, 2019
 Immigration
and border Local Government
controlOperations Act, 2017
 Disaster management
 DRR National Policy, 2018
 ManageLocal
 DRR National Strategic
Administration
Action Plan, 2018-30
 ManageNationalID, National Periodic Plancitizenshipandcivil Various Other Guidelines
registrationDRR Roles & Organizational Chart
Roles of MoHA for DRR
 Develop National DRR
policies and plans Monitor the
Implementation of DRR
policies Preparing DRR Reports
 Cluster Coordination andLeads Logistic Cluster National/international
DRR stakeholders
coordination.

Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA)

National Disaster
Risk Reduction
and Management
Authority(NDRRMA)

Disaster andConflict
ManagementDivision

National
Emergency
Operation Center(NEOC)

Disaster Study,
Risk Reduction
and Recovery
Section2

Coordination Mechanism

Provincial
Govt.,
ProvincialCouncils(Cabinet)

ExecutiveCommittee

Ministry of Home* Line Ministries

Authority(NEOC)

Security Agencies,
Departments

Provincial DM
ExecutiveCommittees(PEOCs)District DMCommittees(DEOCs)Local Govt.

OPMCM

National Council

District Admin Offices &Concerned Dist Level
Offices

Local DM Committees(LEOCs)SFDRR Implementation
Nepal’s roadmap to implement SFDRR is Disaster Risk Reduction National
Strategic Plan of Action (2018- 2030)
4 Priority Areas, 18 Priority Actions and 271 Activities
Priority 1: Understanding Disaster Risk:
 Assessments and database
Initiate mapping and consolidate various multi-hazard risk assessments.

Comprehensive Disaster Information Management System (DIMS).

 Capacity BuildingCapacity development of security forces for SAR.

Awareness program on DRM to government & non government stakeholders.

 Monitoring

Establish and expand Seismic stations, hydro-metrological stations, lightning
detection centers.

Prepare Kathmandu valley soil liquefaction map.



Major glacier lakes monitoring and regular assessment system in place.



Forest and bush fire monitoring

3

SFDRR Implementation….ContdPriority 2: Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance at Federal,
Provincial and Local Level:
 Institutional Arrangements
National DRRM Authority (9th December, 2019)• DRRM Councils at Federal and Provincial Level and DRM Committees atall levels.
• Institutional structures, identify focal person (units)• Policy backups

DRR policies, laws, action plans.
Localization of DRR policies and legal frameworks• DRR and CCA are incorporated in local levels planning (LDCRP)••

 Engagements

Disaster preparedness and response activities
Mainstream DRR in development plans• EOCs established at all levels• DRM Funds at all levels••

SFDRR Implementation….ContdPriority 3: Promoting Comprehensive Risk-Informed Private and PublicInvestments in Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience:Partnerships:
 DRRM investments•••

Public funds
Donors, Development partners, UN agencies, (I)NGOs
Private sector (Recovery and reconstruction)

 Recovery program undergoing (Public+Partners+Private)••2015 Earthquake2017 Floods

 Partnership initiatives•••

Managed disaster funds at each level
Encourage private sectors to invest on DRR programs
Public and Private properties are identified as open space in Kathmandu Valley

 Risk Transfer models••

Health Insurance, Livestock insurance, Social Security in place.
Karnali Province insured all its citizens for Disaster and Accidental incidents.

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SFDRR Implementation….ContdPriority 4: Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Response and to “BuildBack Better” in Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction:
 Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction• National Reconstruction Authority is leads reconstruction activities as per theRehabilitation Policy and Post Disaster Recovery Framework.
• NRA supports disasters affected people with reconstruction needs• Apply "Build Back Better" principle in reconstruction• Enforcement of Building Code• Early warning system (Hydro-meteorological) disease surveillancesystem(EWARS) Preparedness for Response (Resource and Capacity)• DPRP LDCRP plans and simulation exercises• Enhanced SAR capacity of security forces, each of them have DRR schools.
• Community-based disaster activities on mitigation and prevention• Regular updates of heavy equipment located in the strategic locations.
• HSA at the center, FLBs at Province & MLHs strategic locations.
• Warehouse at federal, provincial and local levels• Trauma centers at strategic Locations

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Loss and Damage by 2015, GorkhaML7.6 EQ

Source: Post Disaster Need Assessment Report 2015; National Planning Commission, Nepal

Trend of Disaster EventsAfter 2015, the numbers of disaster incidents isincreasing significantly

6Disasters Incidents
Disaster incidents and its impact in Nepal(Year 2019)
No. ofIncidents

DeadMissing

InjuredAffected EstimatedFamily Loss (NPRs)

No. ofHouse
Damaged

4,538

489

41

2,452

25,264 4,709,510,265

4,939

Top 5 Disaster claiming
Human lives

Top 5 Disaster causing
Financial loss in NPRs.

Thunderbolt – 94
Landslide– 86
Fire– 78
Flood- 73
Windstorm- 40

Fire – 3,069,627,416
Flood – 1,063,495,249
Landslide– 405,186,000
Windstorm- 77,473,200
Snowstorm- 53,085,000

Source: National Emergency Operation Center, MoHA; www.drrportal.gov.np

Reconstruction after 2015
Gorkha Earthquake M7.67

Response Policies and Frameworks
National Disaster Response Framework, 2019(Revised)
Cluster Approachlead/co-lead

SAR and Logistics Cluster

MoHA /WFP

Health Cluster

MoHP /WHOWASH

MoUD/ Unicef

Nutrition Cluster

MoHP/UnicefEmergency Shelter Cluster

MoUD/ IFRCCCCM Cluster

MoUD/IOMFood Security Cluster

MoALSD/WFPEducation Cluster

MoEST/ Unicef, Save the ChildrenProtection Cluster

MoWCSC/UNFPAEmergency Telecommunication

MOCIT/WFPEarly Recovery Network Cluster MOFAGA/ UNDP

Framework for Assistance/Coordination

8

Framework for Assistance and Coordination
Coordination
throughNDRRMA:

Response Mechanism incase of beyond National Capacity

Assistance and Coordination
Coordination
throughNDRRMA…

Response Mechanism within the National Capacity

9Challenges:
 Mainstreaming DRRM

 Plans and activities ofgovernments reflected andunderscored in the for DRR arenot substantiated in theirannual programs and budgets.

Institutional strengthening
and capacity building

DRR approach has notcome in front on theinstitutions . New policies
are gearing up theconcept.

Scope and O&M of new
NDRRMA is yet to beconfirmed.

SOPs and standards havenot been fully developedOverlapping, lack of
uniformity and common
understanding

Lack of adequate
coherence in different
national and international
instruments

 lack of tools to assess
contribution of an investment indevelopment sectors towards
DRR.

 Understanding risk of different
geographies, different
communities, different hazards
and different economic
activities while scientific risk
assessments are very limited.

 lack of common understanding
between and within the new
governance system stands as
another challenge.

Challenges…
 Other challenges

 Trans-boundary nature of Information, technology

hazards and need of bilateral,and knowledge gap oninternational efforts.
the practical aspects of
 Proper utilization of financial
the DRRM
and other resources and the Prevalence of new
capacity available internallyforms disaster,and externally withurbanization,transparency.
unprecedented disaster.
 Disaster Information and Aligning DRRMManagement System islandscape with politicaldeveloped and launched. The
transformation
information and its continuity.
 Uncertainty of risk due Ensuring Inclusiveness.

to climate change.

10Way forward:
Better understanding of disaster risk
through scientific research andcomprehensive risk assessment

Formulation of additional necessary
DRR policy measures, strategies,guidelines by 2020. (Land use plan,Early warning System etc.)

Institutional arrangements and set up
of institutional structures (such asNDRRMA, EOCs).

Implement actions of Strategic Action
Plan - complete short-term, andinitiate and complete long term asappropriate.(Building code)

Bilateral and international cooperation
regarding our priorities. (International
support for technological transfer,knowledge management)
Empowering province and local
governments for effective leadershiprole in disaster risk management

Ensure meaningful participation of women,
person with disability, minority andvulnerable groups in the overall DRR
program decisions and implementation.

Develop international fund for DRR indeveloping countriesProvide and share more data and evidence
on the benefits of investing inpreparedness.

Effective and integrated implementation ofDIMS.

The disaster resilient livelihood options
need to be promoted to strengthencommunity resilienceEnsure appropriate technologies andinnovations are in place to have the bigger
impact on overall DRRM of the country.

Develop multi hazard SAR capacity at alllevels.

My Research:
Topic- A comparative study of legal instruments on
disaster risk management in Japan and Nepal.
Nepal has new governancesystem with new laws



There are DRR related acts,policies, plan and someguidelines at the Federallevel

Expected Results:
 I. Identification of policy

gaps in disaster risk
management in Nepal
 II. Prescribing the policyProvince and local level are
issuing new laws under thenational umbrellaThe guiding instruments fortechnical aspects is lacking

 III. Enhance personal skillMany other things may lackto work for DRR in Nepal

needs for emergency
management and disasterrisk reduction in Nepal

11Thank You
Dhanyabad
Arigato Gozaimasu

Mr. Beda Nidhi khanal
Under-Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs, Nepal
beda.khanal@nepal.gov.np, bedkhanal@gmail.com

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