One Day Workshop in The Kingdom of Tonga

A Socially and EnvironmentallySustainable Country
by the Local Community and Resident
THE SIMPLER, THE BEER !
2014. 12. 8
Dr. Toru KIMURA (Kyoto University in Japan)
Dr. Masaki ARIOKA (NPO SLIIM Japan )Adaptation for Coastal Inundation
due to Climate Change and Solving
the Waste Disposal Problem
in the Kingdom of Tonga

Dr Masaki Arioka
Executive Director
Society for Lifecycle Infrastructure Management (SLIM)
Specified Non-Profit Organization in Japan

History of Earthquake in South Pacific(21 century)
MainCountryTonga

Samoa

Solomon Islands

Solomon Islands

Indnesia AcheDate

2006.5.3

2009.9.29

2007.4.2

2013.2.6

2004.12.26

Death Toll(Injured)??
(??)

1895(??)

220thousands(several hundred)52(??)

Magunitude

7.9

8.1

8.1

8

9.3

Hight ofTsunami??

4.5m - 6m(4imes)

2.0 - 3.5m

about 1.5m

average 10m,
maximum 34m

Tongs

??

9(5)

Nil

Nil

Nil(130thousands)

Green Hill by Waste and Mud (WMGL)
Garbage reclamation pit

Raw garbage

Soil by excavation of the pit
Dayliy solid
rubbishCementConstructionwastesMud in theswamp
Recycle ofWaste

Soil MortalSedumentation inthe ragoon

Dead trees

Scrapped cars
Minimamizing Damage

High wave

Disater preventationand reduction

Sea level rise

Earth warmingTsunami

Background of Current Proposal
2011.3.11: Higashinihon Earthquake(Proposal of Green Hill Concept for Tsunami Debris)
2012.7: Disaster Management against Tsunami in to Tongan Government(1)Crossing (Pedestrian) Bridge over the Lagoon(2)Application of Green Hill Concept along the Sea Coast
2012.9.18: The 8 th APRU Research Symposium in Japan(Debris management and disposal in the tsunami-affected regions ofNorth -East Japan: Lessons for capacity building in other countries
2012.1 2: Co llaboration with University of NSW to Approach to WB(Newsletter December 2012 and June 2013)2014.2.12: Proposal to ERCA (Environmental Restoration andConservation Agency
2014.8.29: Supporting Letter by the Ministry of the Lands andNatural Resou rces)

ＲｅＳＭ
Re-produced Soil Material Method

ＲｅＳＭ
Procedure(Mud Water by using Special Mixing Car )土砂積み出しホッパー

原料土積みこみ

固化材サイロ

原料水，固化材積みこみ

ＲｅＳＭ
Application
Pump Placing

Shoot Placing

Pump Car Placing

Example for Open Cut Method ofSubway Station

Side Filling

Reclaiming the Space
above StructureＲｅＳＭMix Proportion :Example(Backfilling)Standard Mix Proportion（kg/m3 ）DesignStrength0.55N/mm2

Cement190

Water

Soil（Sea Water ）(Surface Dry)

722562

Daily Changeof
1週強度と4週強度

week
1 1週強度
weeks
44週強度

Unconfined Compressive
Strength2(設計Ｃ

N/mm 2

6.00
0.60Kgf/cm2 )
5.50
5.00
0.50

1 4.50
軸 4.00
0.40
圧
3.50
縮3.00
強 0.30度 2.50
0.20
2.00

1.50
0.10
1.00

123

45

6789

Placement
Date
打設日順

101112131415

Sustainability
Flowability ? Clay

WasteMud in SwampDead TreeScraped Car

Daily Waste Landfill Place (2012.7)

9/22/2015

NUKUALOFATHREE PHASE OF EXECUTION SHEDULE OFCAPACITY BUILDING PROJECT (For three years)--Consensus Formation with Related Authorities and Community Leadersand Confirmation of Feasibility by Basic Feasibility Study(1) Preparatory Stage・Initial stakeholder Workshop (designed and evaluated by Engineers)
・Discussion and Consensus Formation with Related Authorities andCommunity Leaders・Confirmation of Feasibility to Proceed (submission of Inception
Report for Phase 2)(2) Initial Investigation Stage・Effective Use of Waste and Marsh/Wetland Sludge
・Fostering Awareness of Security/Safety in Inundation Control by Pilot
Levee Construction
・Identification of Project Feasibility by Basic Feasibility Study・Establishment of Consensus Formation of Authority and Community

THREE PHASE OF EXECUTION SHEDULE OFCAPACITY BUILDING PROJECT (For three years)- Phase Two ・ Confirmation of Various Engineering Factors Required for ProjectRealization
・Available Sludge
Various day-to-day waste materials, including tsunami caused
rubble, as the case may be, are possibly used to make up a partof the coastal levee body together with deposited materials inwetlands and lagoons in order to mitigate expected storm
surge/high tide disasters.

THREE PHASE OF EXECUTION SHEDULE OFCAPACITY BUILDING PROJECT (For three years)- Phase Three Pilot Levee Construction as Starting Point for Mid - to Long-Term Project
Realization
・Pilot Levee Construction Taking Mid to Long Term Project Realization
・Community Members' Recognition of Importance of Waste Separation
and Its Usefulness
・Construction as Workers
・Members to Execute Project・Project evaluation and effectiveness of stakeholder engagement withqualitative surveysFUTURE OBJECTIVES
Securing Sustainability after 3-Year Project Completion(1) This theme is not only for this main island but also all South
Pacific countries. The University of South Pacific may takeinitiative to resolve relevant issues environmentally,
technically, economically and for fund raising. We recommend
several countries concerned in this matter to establish acommittee and approach JICA, WB and/or other organizations.
(2) Mid- to Long-Term Project Period
It will take approximately 30 years to complete levee for thenorth coast residential and commercial area assuming yearlyprogress is 100m to 200m.
(3) SLIM Japan and University of NSW Australia are willing toget involved in the arrangement of financial aid acquisition forthe project cost in collaboration with above mentioned
committee based on the capacity building procedure.