Operationalizing Climate Risk Informed Urban and Territorial Planning- Experiences and Lessons from Indian Cities
5th Spatial Planning Platform (SPP), 2023, Kathmandu, Nepal

Dr. Saswat Bandyopadhyay
3rd February, 2023

India’s Urbanization through Night Light Data (NASA)
India@2011 was home to 377 million, about 11% of the Global Urban Population

Night Light Map: 2005

Night Light Map: 2012

Night Light Map: 2022

India Urban - 6:30:65• 6% (205000sqkm) of the country’s area
• 30% of the population (urban density @1400/sq.km)• 65% of the country’s economy• Each sq km of urban space contribute
approximately INR 4.0 Cr (INR 40 Million) to theGDP

India@2022-2047- Urban Amrit Kaal
• India @ 2047 expected to double its urban population
have over 800+ Million Population with over 10000+
Settlements in next 25 years*• India @2047 expected to be an economy to the tune ofaround USD30-35 Trillion*80-85% of which is expected
to be from the urban*• India’s High Pace of Economic growth is expected totrigger several urban industrial growth corridors- Safetyand Sustainability of future Indian cities will be key• In this urban transformations, the role of Climate Risk
Informed Spatial and Territorial Planning will be the key

Urban Sprawling and Hapazard Expansion

Source: World Resources Institute (WRI), 2018

1991-26.40 Sq.km

2001-42.96 sq.km

2014-58.02 Sq.km

Impact of Urbanization overEnvironment
Impact on biosphere- Modification of Habitats- Destruction of Habitats- Creation of New Habitats• Indian Cities are at the forefront of Climatic Vulnerability• Cities are the key contributor of GHGs and at the same time, are at the forefrontof Vulnerabilities

Indian Cities are at the forefront of Climatic Vulnerabilities

Instead of a rigid land use, Indian Cities arerequired need to develop flexible strategies
towards Complex Adaptive Requirements ofan increasingly uncertain future1. Sea Level Rise and Coastal Erosion

Key ClimaticRisks

2. Heavy Rainfall and Flooding
3. Rising Temperature and Urban Heat Island

4. Water Scarcity
5. Changes in the Biological Systems

Role of Risk Informed Spatial And Territorial Planning inAdvancing the Climate Resilience Actions in Indian Cities

Why Urban Spatial Planning?
Framework for provisionof Public Goods andServicesOrdered Development
and Minimization of Land
Use conflicts

Tool for incorporating
Public Interests intodevelopment of land andcoordinating multiple
activities

Managing Negative
Externalities

Implementation of Plans
through Infrastructure
Development andDevelopment Control
Regulations

Potential Tool for Value
creation and Land Value
Capturing

SUMMARY OF SPATIAL AND TERRITORIAL PLANNING TOOLS IN PRACTICESRegional Plan

Master Plan

Zonal Plan

Town Planning Scheme Plan

Local Area PlanUrban Planning in India
Statutory Urban Planning Tools

Non Statutory Tools

Regional Planning (Maharashtra)
Development Plan /Master Plans

JnNURM CDPs
Smart City Plans
City Sanitation Plans
Mobility Plans
Climate Action Plans
Blue and Green Plans etc
City Bio-diversity Plans
City Heritage Plans

Zonal Development Plans
Town Planning Scheme/Local Area Plans

Urban design proposals, Streets for people/ proposal for pedestrian/bi-cycle corridors

Some Important Initiatives at the National Level
Urban Reforms # 5
Creation of Sponge
CitiesAmrit Sarovar
Rejuvenation ofUrban Water
BodiesSub Scheme on
Local Area Planning
and Town Planning
Schemes

AMRUT 2.0
Urban Water
Security

Climate Smart
Cities Assessment
Framework 2.0

The Development Plan and Town Planning Mechanism in Gujarat•

The DP-TP mechanism is enshrined in theGujarat Town Planning & Urban Development
ActStep 1:Development Plan

• strategic city-wide plan
• new growth areas• city level infrastructure• arterial roads• water• sewage

Ahmedabad 2001

Urban growth has been managed effectively since many decades using the DP-TP mechanism

Normative Town Planning
SchemeGreen Town Planning Scheme
Concept

The TPS is a land pooling and readjustment
mechanism that allows the city toappropriate land from private landowners
for public purposes, such as roads, openspaces, low-income housing, underlying
utility infrastructure, and other health,education, and community services.

Normative TP Scheme60

14 23 12 5 4Residential
Roads

Land for saleSocial Amenities

Public Utilities

Social Housing

Green Spaces

Normative Town PlanningScheme

Green Town Planning Scheme
Concept

Green Town Planning Scheme
Green TP Scheme
Appropriating more from private
landowners for green spaces.
Reserving low lying areas for ponds orgreen spaces
Greening at building, street andneighborhood level55

12 124125

Residential
Roads

Land for saleSocial AmenitiesPublic Utilities

Social Housing

Green Spaces

Sustainability Measures in
Micro Level Planning
Building Level
Components that can be
implemented atop or
around buildings

Street Level
Components that delay
stormwater and increase
infiltration opportunities

Neighborhood Level
Interventions that canstore water within urban
public spaces

GreenRoofing
Planted layer of shallow or
deep green systems or gardens
atop roof of buildings

Sidewalkplanters
Planter beds and tree pits on
wide sidewalks – Greening thestreets

Constructedponds/
wetlands
Designed water bodies withinparks and open spaces and lowlying areas

RainwaterHarvesting•

Includes all the tools/ options/innovative ideas that can beused to increase the green
spaces and the infiltration
capacity of TP Scheme.

•This toolkit organizes thecomponents into typologies that
correspond with the urban
systems that can be improved.

•GREY + GREEN Infrastructure
approach

Water collection and storage
systems in all buildings

Bioswalechannels
Landscape feature along
avenue medians and otherlinear strips

Parks andGardens
Landscape features withinparks and open spaces with
infiltration potential

Penetration wells(Khambati kuva)
Landscape features withinparks and open spaces withinfiltration potential

India’s Urban Amrit KaalAn Opportunity to Build
Back Better? AND Living
Back Safer!

Email : saswatb@cept.ac.in/
Mobile : 8128291880