地球環境研究,Vol.11(2009)

A Small Corer for Sampling of Bottom Water and Surface Sedimentin Shallow Ponds and Lakes
IWASAKI Atsuko＊, FUKUDA Minako＊, and SATAKE Ken-ichi＊
Keywords: core sampler, sediment, bottom water

Introduction

just above the sediment, along with the surface sediment itself, is required in order to reveal the chemical

Many bottom corers have been used in lakes andrelationships between bottom water and surface sedi-ponds to collect sediments for the investigation of ver-ment. For these reasons, a new improved core samplertical and horizontal distribution of nutrients andthat causes only minimal disturbance of water andother chemicals (Livingstone, 1955, 1967; Mackereth,surface sediment has been devised.

1958, 1969; Hopkins, 1964; Walker, 1967; Fowler andKulm, 1968; Davis and Doyle, 1969; Hamilton et al.,1970). However, there are few corers that are both

Description and operation of the new core sampler

handy and do not disturb the uppermost sediment,

The new core sampler (Fig. 1) consists of a core

which is very important when considering the rela-tube holder (a) that consists of a brass outer cylindertionships between bottom water and sediments.

(a-1), a Teflon inner cylinder (a-2) with a Teflon

Satake (1983) devised a small handy corer for sam-valve (a-3), a stainless steel stem (b), an aluminumpling of lake surface sediment. This corer is designed

wing (c) and an acrylic core tube (d). The total

for the sampling of fresh deposits for both chemical

weight of this core sampler is 1.2 kg.

analysis and microorganisms distributed in the sur-In this system, the Teflon valve having eight holesface sediment. The corer incorporates a steel ball thatin the Teflon inner cylinder is important as a stopper.

is used to prevent both contamination and discharge

The Teflon valve, weighing 5 g, moves up with inflowof the core from the sampling tube. The total corerof water in the Teflon cylinder (Fig. 2a). This move-weight including the sampling tube was 380 g, and thement enables smooth incorporation of bottom water

length was 65 cm. This handy corer enabled samplingand surface sediment in the core tube, and then theof surface sediment at many stations within several

Teflon valve moves down to prevent the discharge ofhours in lakes and ponds less than 10 m deep, and dis-

both water and sediment samples (Fig. 2b).

turbance of surface sediment was minimal because ofThis inner diameter of the core tube (1.2 cm) ex-

the small diameter of the core tube (0.8 cm), although

ceeds that of the former one (0.8 cm) and the core

additional weight was necessary to overcome watertube (50 cm) is longer than the former one (16 cm),

friction when sampling at greater depths.

the length changeable according to need.

However, in spite of the merits of this corer, some
improvement of the steel ball system was necessary

This core tube enables sampling of 30-40 cm of bottom water and 10-20 cm of surface sediment.

because of the weight and rusting of the ball, whichinterfere with the incorporation of the core and its
discharge from the sampling tube. In addition, a coresampler that allows collection of bottom water lying＊

Faculty of Geo-environmental Science, Rissho University

121

A Small Corer for Sampling of Bottom Water and Surface Sediment in Shallow Ponds and Lakes (Iwasaki, Fukuda, Satake)Fig. 1

Fig. 2 Operation of the core sampler (a: incorporationof bottom water and surface sediment, b: holding of the sample in the core tube.

Construction of the core sampler

and uric acid supplied from cormorant feces. Also it is

Example of sampling with analytical datainteresting to note the slight increase of NO3 from theThe core sampler was used in a typical irrigation

bottom water to the surface water, suggesting nitrifi-pond, Yamada-Onuma (Kami-ike and Shimo-ike), lo-cation. In contrast, the vertical profile of the chemical

2cated in Japan, having an area of 10,000 m and aconstituents Na＋, Mg2＋ and Ca2＋ shows complete mix-

mean depth of 1.5 m. Kami-ike is eutrophicated bying of the pond water in the circulation period,

feces of a fish-eating water fowl, the common cormo-

whereas the vertical profile of NH4 ＋ suggests supply

rant (Phalacrocorax carbo). About 1000 cormorantsof NH4＋ from the bottom sediment. The concentration

have nests on the trees around the pond, and the fecesof NO3 was about twice that in the period of stagna-of these birds gradually flow into the pond. There-tion.

fore, the concentrations of nitrogen compounds

The nitrogen content in the surface sediment was(NO3 , NH4 ) and phosphorus in this pond are ex-relatively stable to show 7-9mgg-1 (d.w.) in the stag-

tremely high (Iwasaki et al. in preparation). Fig. 3 a,nation and circulation periods.

b shows the vertical profiles of chemical constituentsThis improved core sampler operated successfully

in bottom water collected in July 2005 and December

and was shown to be useful for collection of both2006. Although this pond is relatively shallow, slightwater and surface sediment at many stations withinstagnation of the pond water is observed, as shown inseveral hours in shallow ponds and lakes.

＋2＋the vertical profiles of Na , Mg , Ca2＋＋and NH4 . Es-＋

pecially NH4 increases exponentially at the boundary
layer between the bottom water and surface sediment(Fig. 3a). This suggests massive production of NH4
from decomposition of deposited algal particulates

122地球環境研究,Vol.11(2009)

Fig. 3 Vertical profiles of the concentration of Na＋, Ca2＋, Mg2＋, NH4＋ and NO3− in the bottom water in Kami-ike(a: Vertical profiles of the chemical constituents in the stagnation period, b: Vertical profiles of the chemical constituents in the circulation period.

References
Davis, R. B. & R. W. Doyle, 1969. A piston corer for uppersediment in lakes. Limnology & Oceanography 14: 643-647.
Foler, G. A. & L. D. Kulm, 1968. A multiple corer. Limnology & Oceanography 13: 630-633.

ography 12: 345-348.
Mackereth, F. J. H., 1958. A portable core sampler for lakedeposits. Limnology & Oceanography 3(2): 181-192.
Mackereth, F. J. H., 1969. A short core sampler for subaqueous deposits. Limnology & Oceanography 14:145-151.

Hamilton, A L., W. Burton & J. F. Flannagon, 1970. A mul-Satake, K. & Y. Saijo, 1978. Mechanism of lamination in bot-tiple corer for sampling profundal benthos. Journal oftom sediment of the strongly acid lake Katanuma. Ar-Fisheries Research Board of Canada 27: 1867-1869.

chives fur Hydrobiologie 83: 429-442.

Hopkins, T. L., 1964. A survey of marine bottom samplers.

Satake, K., 1983. A small handy corer for sampling of lake

In M. Sears (ed.), Progress in Oceanography Vol.2: 213-surface sediment. Japanese Journal of Limnology 44: 142-256.
Livingstone, D. A., 1965. A light weight piston sampler forlake deposits. Ecology 36: 137-139.
Livingstone, D. A., 1967. The use of filament tape in raising

144.
Saijo, Y., 1957. Koshochosaho, Kokonshoin.: 307
Walker, B., 1967. A diver-operated pneumatic core sampler.
Limnology & Oceanography 12: 144-146.

long cores from soft sediment. Limnology & Ocean-123

A Small Corer for Sampling of Bottom Water and Surface Sediment in Shallow Ponds and Lakes (Iwasaki, Fukuda, Satake)

A Small Corer for Sampling of Bottom Water and Surface Sedimentin Shallow Ponds and Lakes
IWASAKI Atsuko＊, FUKUDA Minako＊, and SATAKE Ken-ichi＊＊

Faculty of Geo-environmental Science, Rissho University

Abstract:
A handy core sampler for sampling of surface sediment and bottom water in shallow lakes, ponds
and rivers is described. The core sampler consists of a core tube holder with a Teflon valve, stemand wing. The total weight of the core sampler without the core tube is 1.2 kg. The core sampler isuseful for sampling of surface sediment and bottom water with minimum disturbance at many stations within several hours.

keywords: core sampler, sediment, bottom water

湖沼の底質および底質表層水採取用小型コアサンプラー岩嵜厚子＊・福田未奈子＊・佐竹研一＊＊

立正大学地球環境科学部

要旨：
湖沼の底質および底質表層水採取用小型コアサンプラーを製作した｡
この小型コアサンプラーは内径1.2㎝のコアチューブとテフロン製バルブを持つコアチューブホルダーを有し､ 短時間のうちに多地点で表層底質および底質表層水の採取に役立ち､ 総重量は1.2㎏である｡

キーワード：コアサンプラー､ 底質､ 底層水124